# Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide - translation into Chinese (simplified) # Yangfl , 2017. # tao wang , 2020. # msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: d-i-manual\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: debian-boot@lists.debian.org\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2023-12-19 23:04+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2024-02-04 11:01+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Li Zelin \n" "Language-Team: \n" "Language: zh_CN\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n" "X-Generator: Weblate 5.4-dev\n" #. Tag: title #: installation-howto.xml:5 #, no-c-format msgid "Installation Howto" msgstr "安装指南" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:7 #, no-c-format msgid "" "This document describes how to install &debian-gnu; &releasename; for the " "&arch-title; (&architecture;) with the new &d-i;. It is a " "quick walkthrough of the installation process which should contain all the " "information you will need for most installs. When more information can be " "useful, we will link to more detailed explanations in other parts of this " "document." msgstr "" "本文介绍了如何在 &arch-title; (&architecture;) 架构的计算机" "上,使用新版的 &d-i; 安装 &debian-gnu; &releasename;。这是一次对安装过程走马" "观花式的简介,它应该囊括了大多数情况下您所需的信息。当需要更多信息时,我们会" "链接到更详尽的本文其他部分的说明文档。" #. Tag: title #: installation-howto.xml:19 #, no-c-format msgid "Preliminaries" msgstr "前言" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:20 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you encounter bugs during your install, please refer to for instructions on how to report them. If you have " "questions which cannot be answered by this document, please direct them to " "the debian-boot mailing list (&email-debian-boot-list;) or ask on IRC " "(#debian-boot on the OFTC network)." msgstr "" "如果您在安装时碰到程序出错,请参考 回报错误。倘" "若本文档不能够回答您所有的疑问,那么请带着这些问题去 debian-boot 的邮件列表" "(&email-debian-boot-list;)问问看,或者您也可以在 irc (OFTC 网络上的 #debian-" "boot 频道)上直接提问。" #. Tag: title #: installation-howto.xml:38 #, no-c-format msgid "Booting the installer" msgstr "安装套件的引导" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:39 #, no-c-format msgid "" " For some quick links to installation " "images, check out the &d-i; home page. The debian-cd team provides builds of installation images using &d-" "i; on the Debian CD/DVD page. For " "more information on where to get installation images, see ." msgstr "" " 要想找到几个便捷的安装映像文件的链" "接,请看 &d-i; 的主页 Debian-cd " "小组在 Debian CD/DVD 页上提供了使用 " "&d-i; 安装映像的已编译版本。如果您需要了解有关如何得到这些安装映像的更多信" "息,请看。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:49 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Some installation methods require other images than those for optical media. " " The &d-i; " "home page has links to other images. explains how to find images on &debian; mirrors." msgstr "" "有些安装方法需要其它种类的映像而非那些光介质。 &d-i; 的主页 上有到其它种类的映像的" "链接。会告诉您如何在 &debian; 的映像" "站点找到那些映像文件。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:59 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The subsections below will give the details about which images you should " "get for each possible means of installation." msgstr "下面小节会就每种可能的安装方法,具体讲授如何获得所需的映像文件。" #. Tag: title #: installation-howto.xml:67 #, no-c-format msgid "Optical disc" msgstr "光盘" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:69 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The netinst CD image is a popular image which can be used to install " "&releasename; with the &d-i;. This installation method is intended to boot " "from the image and install additional packages over a network; hence the " "name netinst. The image has the software components needed to " "run the installer and the base packages to provide a minimal &releasename; " "system. If you'd rather, you can get a DVD image which will not need the " "network to install. You only need the first image of such set." msgstr "" "netinst CD 映像是常用的映像可以用来通过 &d-i; 安装 &releasename;。使用该安装" "方法让计算机从映像启动,再由安装程序从网络上下载安装其它的软件包,因此称做 " "netinst。该映像含有运行安装程序的软件模块,以及提供一个最小 " "&releasename; 系统的基本软件包。如果您乐意,可以下载一个DVD 映像文件,用它的" "话就可以不借助网络安装了。只需要这套中的第一个映像就行了。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:79 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Download whichever type you prefer and burn it to an optical disc. To boot the disc, you may need to change your BIOS/UEFI " "configuration, as explained in . " " To boot a PowerMac from CD, press the c key while booting. See for other ways to " "boot from CD. " msgstr "" "下载您打算使用的映像文件,把它刻成光盘。若要从光盘启" "动,可能要根据的提示,修改 BIOS/UEFI 设置。 若要从光盘启动 PowerMac,可以在它启动时按" "住 c 键不放。参阅了解其他启动 CD " "的方法。" #. Tag: title #: installation-howto.xml:93 #, no-c-format msgid "USB memory stick" msgstr "U 盘" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:94 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It's also possible to install from removable USB storage devices. For " "example a USB keychain can make a handy &debian; install medium that you can " "take with you anywhere." msgstr "" "我们也可以从移动 USB 存储设备来安装系统。比如说您带着一个 USB 的钥匙链走遍天" "涯海角的同时,它还可以成为方便趁手的 &debian; 安装介质。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:100 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The easiest way to prepare your USB memory stick is to download any Debian " "CD or DVD image that will fit on it, and write the image directly to the " "memory stick. Of course this will destroy anything already on the stick. " "This works because Debian CD/DVD images are isohybrid images " "that can boot both from optical and USB drives." msgstr "" "制作 U 盘安装盘最简单的方法是,下载任何 Debian CD 或 DVD 映像,并将映像直接写" "入 U 盘。这会覆盖掉 U 盘上的所有数据。它可以启动是因为 Debian CD/DVD 映像都" "是 混合(isohybrid) 映像,可以从光盘或者 U 盘引导。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:108 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The easiest way to prepare your USB memory stick is to download hd-" "media/boot.img.gz, and use gunzip to extract the 1 GB image from " "that file. Write this image directly to your memory stick, which must be at " "least 1 GB in size. Of course this will destroy anything already on the " "memory stick. Then mount the memory stick, which will now have a FAT " "filesystem on it. Next, download a &debian; netinst CD image, and copy that " "file to the memory stick; any filename is ok as long as it ends in ." "iso." msgstr "" "制作 U 盘安装盘最简单的方法是:下载 hd-media/boot.img.gz,然后使用 gunzip 从这个文件解压出 1 GB 映像。直接写该映像到您的 U " "盘,要求这个 U 盘容量要大于 1 GB。当然,这将覆盖掉您 U 盘上所有资料。然后挂载" "这个 U 盘,它不再是 FAT 文件系统了。接下来,下载 &debian; netinst CD 映像,并" "复制该文件到 U 盘,只要文件后缀是 .iso,用什么名字都可以。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:119 #, no-c-format msgid "" "There are other, more flexible ways to set up a memory stick to use the " "debian-installer, and it's possible to get it to work with smaller memory " "sticks. For details, see our wiki." msgstr "" "除此之外,还有其它更为灵活的办法可以做出能启动 debian-installer 的 U 盘,同时" "也是有办法适用于较小容量的 U 盘的。欲知详情,请看our wiki。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:126 #, no-c-format msgid "" "While booting from USB storage is quite common on UEFI systems, this is " "somewhat different in the older BIOS world. Some BIOSes can boot USB storage " "directly, and some cannot. You may need to configure your BIOS/UEFI to " "enable USB legacy support or Legacy support. " "The boot device selection menu should show removable drive or " "USB-HDD to get it to boot from the USB device. For helpful " "hints and details, see ." msgstr "" "从 USB 存储设备启动在 UEFI 系统上非常常见,这与较老的 BIOS 不同。有些 BIOSes " "支持直接从 USB 的存储设备启动,有些不行。您或许需要设置一下 BIOS/UEFI 来允许 " "USB legacy supportLegacy support。启动设备选" "择菜单应该显示 removable drive 或是 USB-ZIP,以" "使计算机能从 USB 设备引导。参阅,查看一些有用" "的提示和具体的细节说明。" #. Tag: title #: installation-howto.xml:151 #, no-c-format msgid "Booting from network" msgstr "从网络启动" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:152 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It's also possible to boot &d-i; completely from the net. The various " "methods to netboot depend on your architecture and netboot setup. The files " "in netboot/ can be used to netboot &d-i;." msgstr "" "要完全从网络上启动(即 netboot)&d-i; 也是可行的。而具体采取哪种方法来从网络" "启动,这取决于您的硬件架构和网络启动的相关设置。在 netboot/ 目录里的文件是用来从网络启动 &d-i; 的。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:158 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The easiest thing to set up is probably PXE netbooting. Untar the file " "netboot/pxeboot.tar.gz into /srv/tftp or wherever is appropriate for your tftp server. Set up your DHCP " "server to pass filename pxelinux.0 to clients, and with " "luck everything will just work. For detailed instructions, see ." msgstr "" "最简单的建立方式大概是使用 PXE 的网络启动。解压 netboot/pxeboot." "tar.gz 文件,把它放到 /srv/tftp,或者您 tftp " "服务器上合适的地方。然后再建立 DHCP 服务器,传送 pxelinux.0 这个文件名给客户端。老天保佑的话,就能顺利安装了。若要知道详细的操" "作步骤,请参阅。" #. Tag: title #: installation-howto.xml:172 #, no-c-format msgid "Booting from hard disk" msgstr "从硬盘启动" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:173 #, no-c-format msgid "" "It's possible to boot the installer using no removable media, but just an " "existing hard disk, which can have a different OS on it. Download " "hd-media/initrd.gz, hd-media/vmlinuz, and a &debian; DVD image to the top-level directory of the hard " "disk. Make sure that the image has a filename ending in .iso. Now it's just a matter of booting linux with the initrd. explains one way to do it. " msgstr "" "除了从移动介质启动安装套件,其实从手中现有的安装了其它操作系統的硬盘启动也是" "可行的。把 hd-media/initrd.gzhd-media/" "vmlinuz 和一个 &debian; DVD 映像文件下载到硬盘最顶层的目录里。请确" "保这个映像文件的文件名是以 .iso 结尾的。接下来的问题就是" "用 initrd 启动 linux 了。" "说明了如何做这件事。" #. Tag: title #: installation-howto.xml:190 #, no-c-format msgid "Installation" msgstr "安装" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:191 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Once the installer starts, you will be greeted with an initial screen. Press " "&enterkey; to boot, or read the instructions for other boot methods and " "parameters (see )." msgstr "" "一旦安装程序运行,会有一个初始画面迎接您。按 &enterkey; 启动系统;或者先阅读" "一下其它的启动方式以及各种参数的说明(参阅)。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:197 #, no-c-format msgid "" "After a while you will be asked to select your language. Use the arrow keys " "to pick a language and press &enterkey; to continue. Next you'll be asked to " "select your country, with the choices including countries where your " "language is spoken. If it's not on the short list, a list of all the " "countries in the world is available." msgstr "" "再过一会儿,您就会可以选择您所使用的语言了。用上下箭头键来选择一门语言,然后" "按 &enterkey; 继续下面的步骤。接下来,需要选择您的国家,选项里包括了那些使用" "您所选语言的国家。如果在那个稍短的列表里找不到您要找的国家,还有一个含有世界" "上所有国家的列表以备选择。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:205 #, no-c-format msgid "" "You may be asked to confirm your keyboard layout. Choose the default unless " "you know better." msgstr "" "您还可能被要求确认一下您的键盘布局。请选择缺省的那个,除非您清楚更合适的布" "局。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:210 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Now sit back while debian-installer detects some of your hardware, and loads " "the rest of the installation image." msgstr "" "现在可以坐下来,松口气,休息一下了。这时 debian-installer 会侦测您的一部分硬" "件,并从安装映像中把它的其余部分加载进系统。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:215 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Next the installer will try to detect your network hardware and set up " "networking by DHCP. If you are not on a network or do not have DHCP, you " "will be given the opportunity to configure the network manually." msgstr "" "接下来,安装程序会想办法侦测您的网络相关的硬件,再用 DHCP 完成网络的设置。如" "果没有连接网络,或是没有用 DHCP,那么您也可以手动配置网络。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:221 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Setting up the network is followed by the creation of user accounts. By " "default you are asked to provide a password for the root " "(administrator) account and information necessary to create one regular user " "account. If you do not specify a password for the root user, " "this account will be disabled but the sudo package will " "be installed later to enable administrative tasks to be carried out on the " "new system. By default, the first user created on the system will be allowed " "to use the sudo command to become root." msgstr "" "设置网络,然后创建用户帐户。默认情况下,您将会要求为 root(管" "理员)帐户提供密码,并创建一个常规用户帐户。如果您没有为 root " "用户指定密码,则此帐户将被禁用,但稍后将安装 sudo 软件包," "以便在新系统上执行管理任务。默认系统创建的第一个用户被允许使用 " "sudo 命令而称为 root。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:232 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The next step is setting up your clock and time zone. The installer will try " "to contact a time server on the Internet to ensure the clock is set " "correctly. The time zone is based on the country selected earlier and the " "installer will only ask to select one if a country has multiple zones." msgstr "" "下一步是建立您的时区和时间。安装程序将试着连接互联网上的时间服务器来校准时" "间。时区是基于前面所选的国家,假如一个国家有多个时区,安装程序会要您选择其中" "的一个。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:239 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Now it is time to partition your disks. First you will be given the " "opportunity to automatically partition either an entire drive, or available " "free space on a drive (see ). This is " "recommended for new users or anyone in a hurry. If you do not want to " "autopartition, choose Manual from the menu." msgstr "" "现在该对硬盘分区了。首先,您可以选择对整个驱动器,或是对已有的空闲空间进行自" "动分区(参阅)。对于新手或者急于使用的朋友推荐" "使用这种方式。如果不想用自动分区,请在菜单中选择 Manual。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:247 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you have an existing Windows partition that you want to preserve, be very " "careful with automatic partitioning. If you choose manual partitioning, you " "can use the installer to resize existing FAT or NTFS partitions to create " "room for the &debian; install: simply select the partition and specify its " "new size." msgstr "" "如果您有一个 Windows 分区并想保留它,要小心使用自动分区。如果选择手动分区,可" "以使用安装程序重新设置 FAT 或 NTFS 分区的大小,分给 &debian; 更多的安装空间:" "只需选择该分区,并指定它的新尺寸。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:254 #, no-c-format msgid "" "On the next screen you will see your partition table, how the partitions " "will be formatted, and where they will be mounted. Select a partition to " "modify or delete it. If you did automatic partitioning, you should just be " "able to choose Finish partitioning and write changes to disk from the menu to use what it set up. Remember to assign at " "least one partition for swap space and to mount a partition on /. For more detailed information on how to use the partitioner, " "please refer to ; the appendix has more general information about partitioning." msgstr "" "在接下来的屏幕上,您可以看到自己的分区表,各分区将以何种方式格式化,以及它们" "将来的挂载点在何处。选择一个分区进行修改或删除。如果您先前选择的是自动分区," "那么现在只需从菜单选择 Finish partitioning and write changes to " "disk,使用它创建的即可。请不要忘记至少需要分配一个分区作为交换" "空间,以及把一个分区挂载到 /上。有关使用分区工具详尽的资" "料,请参考;附录 有更多关于分区方面的信息。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:267 #, no-c-format msgid "" "Now &d-i; formats your partitions and starts to install the base system, " "which can take a while. That is followed by installing a kernel." msgstr "" "现在 &d-i; 会把您的分区格式化,然后安装基系统。这两步会花些时间。接着,它会安" "装内核。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:272 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The base system that was installed earlier is a working, but very minimal " "installation. To make the system more functional the next step allows you to " "install additional packages by selecting tasks. Before packages can be " "installed apt needs to be configured as that defines " "from where the packages will be retrieved. The Standard system " "utilities task will be selected by default and should normally be " "installed. Select the Desktop environment task if you would " "like to have a graphical desktop after the installation. See for additional information about this step." msgstr "" "先前安装的基本系统是一个可以工作,但却是非常小型的安装。要让系统具有更强的功" "能,下一步让您通过选择任务安装额外的软件包。软件包安装之前,需要先配置 " "apt,指定软件包从哪里获取。默认会选定安装标准系" "统任务。如果您打算安装完成后使用图形桌面,请选择桌面环境任务。参阅了解本步骤的详细信息。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:284 #, no-c-format msgid "" "The last step is to install a boot loader. If the installer detects other " "operating systems on your computer, it will add them to the boot menu and " "let you know. By default GRUB will be installed to " "the UEFI partition/boot record of the primary drive, which is generally a " "good choice. You'll be given the opportunity to override that choice and " "install it elsewhere. " msgstr "" "最后一步就是安装启动引导器了。如果安装程序发现您的计算机还安装有其它的操作系" "统,它会把它们加入启动菜单,并通知您。缺省情况下," "GRUB 将安装到主硬盘的 UEFI 引导记录上。一般来说,这样做没什么问题。您也可以不" "让它这样做,而是把 GRUB 装在其它什么地方。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:294 #, no-c-format msgid "" "&d-i; will now tell you that the installation has finished. Remove the cdrom " "or other boot media and hit &enterkey; to reboot your machine. It should " "boot up into the newly installed system and allow you to log in. This is " "explained in ." msgstr "" "&d-i; 现在会告诉您安装已经完成了。取出光盘或者其它启动介质,然后键入 " "&enterkey; 就可以重新启动您的机器了。它将启动新安装的系统,接着让您登录。在" "有对它的详尽说明。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:301 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you need more information on the install process, see ." msgstr "如果您想要更多的安装过程相关信息,请看。" #. Tag: title #: installation-howto.xml:310 #, no-c-format msgid "Send us an installation report" msgstr "请给我们发一份安装报告" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:311 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you successfully managed an installation with &d-i;, please take time to " "provide us with a report. The simplest way to do so is to install the " "reportbug package (apt install reportbug), configure " "reportbug as explained in , and run reportbug installation-reports." msgstr "" "如果您用 &d-i; 安装成功,请抽空给我们写一份报告。最简单的方法,是安装 " "reportbug 软件包(apt install reportbug),配置 " "reportbug 的说明见," "然后执行 reportbug installation-reports。" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:321 #, no-c-format msgid "" "If you did not complete the install, you probably found a bug in debian-" "installer. To improve the installer it is necessary that we know about them, " "so please take the time to report them. You can use an installation report " "to report problems; if the install completely fails, see ." msgstr "" "如果不能完成安装,那么您也许发现了一个 debian-installler 的错误。要改进安装程" "序,就很有必要让我们知道这些异状,因此,请抽空把这些错误报告给我们。您可以使" "用 installation report 来回报错误;如果安装彻底失败了,请参阅。" #. Tag: title #: installation-howto.xml:333 #, no-c-format msgid "And finally…" msgstr "末了…" #. Tag: para #: installation-howto.xml:334 #, no-c-format msgid "" "We hope that your &debian; installation is pleasant and that you find " "&debian; useful. You might want to read ." msgstr "" "我们祝愿您安装 &debian; 顺利愉快,并希望您能发现 &debian; 的用武之地。还有您" "也许可以读一下。" #~ msgid "" #~ "Booting Macintosh systems from USB storage devices involves manual use of " #~ "Open Firmware. For directions, see ." #~ msgstr "" #~ "从 Macintosh 系统上使用 USB 存储设备与使用 Open Fireware 相关。相关指导见" #~ "。" #~ msgid "CDROM" #~ msgstr "CDROM" #~ msgid "Floppy" #~ msgstr "软盘" #~ msgid "" #~ "If you can't boot from CD, you can download floppy images to install " #~ "&debian;. You need the floppy/boot.img, the " #~ "floppy/root.img and one or more of the driver disks." #~ msgstr "" #~ "如果无法从 CD 启动,可以下载软盘映像文件,来安装 &debian;。这时,您需要 " #~ "floppy/boot.imgfloppy/root.img,也许还要一个或多个驱动盘。" #~ msgid "" #~ "The boot floppy is the one with boot.img on it. This " #~ "floppy, when booted, will prompt you to insert a second floppy — " #~ "use the one with root.img on it." #~ msgstr "" #~ "启动软盘就是其上存有 boot.img 的一张软盘。当使用这张" #~ "盘启动时,它会提示您插入第二张软盘 — 这时请使用里面存有 " #~ "root.img 的那张盘。" #~ msgid "" #~ "If you're planning to install over the network, you will usually need the " #~ "floppy/net-drivers-1.img. For PCMCIA or USB " #~ "networking, and some less common network cards, you will also need a " #~ "second driver floppy, floppy/net-drivers-2.img." #~ msgstr "" #~ "倘若您计划从网络安装,一般来说,要准备好 floppy/net-drivers-1." #~ "img。对于 PCMCIA 或 USB 网络,以及一些不常见的网卡,您还需要第" #~ "二张软盘,floppy/net-drivers-2.img。" #~ msgid "" #~ "If you have a CD, but cannot boot from it, then boot from floppies and " #~ "use floppy/cd-drivers.img on a driver disk to " #~ "complete the install using the CD." #~ msgstr "" #~ "假如您有光驱,但是不能从它启动,那么您可以从软驱启动,再用存在驱动盘里的 " #~ "floppy/cd-drivers.img 来接着完成基于光盘的安装。" #~ msgid "" #~ "Floppy disks are one of the least reliable media around, so be prepared " #~ "for lots of bad disks (see ). Each " #~ ".img file you downloaded goes on a single floppy; " #~ "you can use the dd command to write it to /dev/fd0 or some other means " #~ "(see for details). Since you'll have " #~ "more than one floppy, it's a good idea to label them." #~ msgstr "" #~ "软盘是最不可靠的存储介质之一,因此您最好有碰到许多坏盘的准备(请参看)。您所下载的每个 .img 文件其实就是一张软盘。您可以用 dd 命令把它写到 /dev/fd0,也可以" #~ "用其他方法来做这件事(具体细节请参看 )。既" #~ "然您将会弄出好几张软盘,不妨给它们加上标签吧。" #~ msgid "" #~ "Installation of the base system is followed by setting up user accounts. " #~ "By default you will need to provide a password for the root (administrator) account and information necessary to create one " #~ "regular user account." #~ msgstr "" #~ "安装基本系统之后是建立用户帐号。默认情况下,您需要为 root " #~ "(管理员) 帐号设置密码,并建立一个普通用户帐号。"