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| 1 | Package:·libgnatcoll-db-doc | 1 | Package:·libgnatcoll-db-doc |
| 2 | Source:·libgnatcoll-db | 2 | Source:·libgnatcoll-db |
| 3 | Version:·23.0.0-6 | 3 | Version:·23.0.0-6 |
| 4 | Architecture:·all | 4 | Architecture:·all |
| 5 | Maintainer:·Nicolas·Boulenguez·<nicolas@debian.org> | 5 | Maintainer:·Nicolas·Boulenguez·<nicolas@debian.org> |
| 6 | Installed-Size:· | 6 | Installed-Size:·703 |
| 7 | Depends:·libjs-jquery·(>=·3.6.0),·libjs-sphinxdoc·(>=·8.1),·sphinx-rtd-theme-common·(>=·3.0.2+dfsg) | 7 | Depends:·libjs-jquery·(>=·3.6.0),·libjs-sphinxdoc·(>=·8.1),·sphinx-rtd-theme-common·(>=·3.0.2+dfsg) |
| 8 | Suggests:·gnat | 8 | Suggests:·gnat |
| 9 | Built-Using:·sphinx·(=·8.1.3-4) | 9 | Built-Using:·sphinx·(=·8.1.3-4) |
| 10 | Section:·doc | 10 | Section:·doc |
| 11 | Priority:·optional | 11 | Priority:·optional |
| 12 | Multi-Arch:·foreign | 12 | Multi-Arch:·foreign |
| 13 | Homepage:·https://github.com/AdaCore/gnatcoll-db | 13 | Homepage:·https://github.com/AdaCore/gnatcoll-db |
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| 6 | Mar·17,·2024 | 6 | Mar·17,·2024 |
| 7 | \xc\xcCONTENTS | 7 | \xc\xcCONTENTS |
| 8 | 1 | 8 | 1 |
| 9 | SQL:·Database·interface | ||
| 10 | 1.1·Database·Abstraction·Layers·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. | ||
| 11 | 1.2·Database·example·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. | ||
| 12 | 1.3·Database·schema·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. | ||
| 13 | 1.4·The·gnatcoll_db2ada·tool·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. | ||
| 14 | 1.4.1 | ||
| 15 | Default·output·of·gnatcoll_db2ada·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. | ||
| 16 | 1.4.2 | ||
| 17 | database·introspection·in·Ada·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. | ||
| 18 | 1.4.3 | ||
| 19 | Back·to·the·library·example.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. | ||
| 20 | 1.5·Connecting·to·the·database·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. | ||
| 21 | 1.6·Loading·initial·data·in·the·database·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. | ||
| 22 | 1.7·Writing·queries·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. | ||
| 23 | 1.8·Executing·queries·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. | ||
| 24 | 1.9·Prepared·queries·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. | ||
| 25 | 1.10·Getting·results·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. | ||
| 26 | 1.11·Creating·your·own·SQL·types·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. | ||
| 27 | 1.12·Query·logs·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. | ||
| 28 | 1.13·Writing·your·own·cursors·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. | ||
| 29 | 1.14·The·Object-Relational·Mapping·layer·(ORM)·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. | ||
| 30 | 1.14.1·reverse·relationships·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. | ||
| 31 | 1.15·Modifying·objects·in·the·ORM·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. | ||
| 32 | 1.16·Object·factories·in·ORM·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. | ||
| 33 | 1 | ||
| 34 | 2 | ||
| 35 | 3 | ||
| 36 | 3 | ||
| 37 | 6 | ||
| 38 | 9 | ||
| 39 | 9 | ||
| 40 | 9 | ||
| 41 | 10 | ||
| 42 | 12 | ||
| 43 | 14 | ||
| 44 | 16 | ||
| 45 | 17 | ||
| 46 | 19 | ||
| 47 | 20 | ||
| 48 | 21 | ||
| 49 | 22 | ||
| 50 | 23 | ||
| 51 | 27 | ||
| 52 | 28 | ||
| 53 | 29 | ||
| 54 | 2 | ||
| 55 | Xref:·Cross-referencing·source·code | ||
| 56 | 33 | ||
| 57 | 3 | ||
| 58 | Xref:·gnatinspect | ||
| 59 | 37 | ||
| 60 | 4 | ||
| 61 | Indices·and·tables | 9 | Indices·and·tables |
| 10 | 1 | ||
| 62 | 41 | ||
| 63 | Index | ||
| 64 | 43 | ||
| 65 | i | 11 | i |
| 66 | \xcii | 12 | \xcii |
| 67 | \xcCHAPTER | 13 | \xcCHAPTER |
| 68 | ONE | 14 | ONE |
| 69 | SQL:·DATABASE·INTERFACE | ||
| 70 | A·lot·of·applications·need·to·provide·persistence·for·their·data·(or·a·part·of·it).·This·means·the·data·needs·to·be·somehow | ||
| 71 | saved·on·the·disk,·to·be·read·and·manipulated·later,·possibly·after·the·application·has·been·terminated·and·restarted. | ||
| 72 | Although·Ada·provides·various·solutions·for·this·(including·the·use·of·the·streams·as·declared·in·the·Ada·Reference | ||
| 73 | Manual),·the·common·technique·is·through·the·use·of·relational·database·management·systems·(RDBMS.·The·term | ||
| 74 | database·is·in·fact·overloaded·in·this·context,·and·has·come·to·mean·different·things: | ||
| 75 | •·The·software·system·that·implements·file·and·query·management.·This·is·generally·provided·by·a·third-party. | ||
| 76 | The·common·abbreviation·for·these·is·DBMS.·Queries·are·generally·written·in·a·language·called·SQL.·One·of | ||
| 77 | the·issues·is·that·each·DBMS·tends·to·make·minor·changes·to·this·language.·Another·issue·is·that·the·way·to·send | ||
| 78 | these·SQL·commands·to·the·DBMS·is·vendor-specific.·GNATColl·tries·to·abstract·this·communication·through | ||
| 79 | its·own·API.·It·currently·supports·PostgreSQL·and·sqlite,·and·makes·it·relatively·easy·to·change·between·these | ||
| 80 | two·systems.·For·instance,·development·could·be·done·using·a·local·sqlite·DBMS,·and·then·deployed·(after | ||
| 81 | testing,·of·course!)·on·a·PostgreSQL·system. | ||
| 82 | The·code·in·GNATColl·is·such·that·adding·support·for·a·new·DBMS·should·be·relatively·easy. | ||
| 83 | •·A·place·where·an·application·stores·its·data.·The·term·database·in·this·document·refers·to·this·meaning.·In·a | ||
| 84 | relational·database,·this·place·is·organized·into·tables,·each·of·which·contains·a·number·of·fields.·A·row·in·a | ||
| 85 | table·represents·one·object.·The·set·of·tables·and·their·fields·is·called·the·schema·of·the·database. | ||
| 86 | Traditionally,·writing·the·SQL·queries·is·done·inline:·special·markers·are·inserted·into·your·code·to·delimit·sections | ||
| 87 | that·contain·SQL·code·(as·opposed·to·Ada·code),·and·these·are·then·preprocessed·to·generate·actual·code.·This·isn’t | ||
| 88 | the·approach·chosen·in·GNATColl:·there·are·several·drawbacks,·in·particular·your·code·is·no·longer·Ada·and·various | ||
| 89 | tools·will·choke·on·it. | ||
| 90 | The·other·usual·approach·is·to·write·the·queries·as·strings,·which·are·passed,·via·a·DBMS-specific·API,·to·the·DBMS | ||
| 91 | server.·This·approach·is·very·fragile: | ||
| 92 | •·The·string·might·not·contain·well-formed·SQL.·This·will·unfortunately·only·be·detected·at·run·time·when·the | ||
| 93 | DBMS·complains. | ||
| 94 | •·This·is·not·type·safe.·You·might·be·comparing·a·text·field·with·an·integer,·for·instance.·In·some·cases,·the·DBMS | ||
| 95 | will·accept·that·(sqlite·for·instance),·but·in·some·other·cases·it·won’t·(PostgreSQL).·The·result·might·then·either | ||
| 96 | raise·an·error,·or·return·an·empty·list. | ||
| 97 | •·There·is·a·risk·of·SQL·injection.·Assuming·the·string·is·constructed·dynamically·(using·Ada’s·&·operator),·it | ||
| 98 | might·be·easy·for·a·user·to·pass·a·string·that·breaks·the·query,·and·even·destroys·things·in·the·database. | ||
| 99 | •·As·discussed·previously,·the·SQL·code·might·not·be·portable·across·DBMS.·For·instance,·creating·an·automatically·increment·integer·primary·key·in·a·table·is·DBMS·specific. | ||
| 100 | •·The·string·is·fragile·if·the·database·schema·changes.·Finding·whether·a·schema·change·impacts·any·of·the | ||
| 101 | queries·requires·looking·at·all·the·strings·in·your·application. | ||
| 102 | •·performance·might·be·an·issue.·Whenever·you·execute·a·query,·the·DBMS·will·analyze·it,·decide·how·to·execute | ||
| 103 | it·(for·instance,·whether·it·should·traverse·all·the·rows·of·a·table,·or·whether·it·can·do·a·faster·lookup),·and·then | ||
| 104 | 1 | ||
| 105 | \xcGNATCOLL·Documentation·-·Database·packages,·Release·0.0 | ||
| 106 | retrieve·the·results.·The·analysis·pass·is·typically·slow·(relatively·the·overall·execution·time),·and·queries·can·in | ||
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