/usr/bin/diffoscope --timeout 7200 --html /srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.CPQD7Kdd/pandas_2.2.3+dfsg-9.diffoscope.html --text /srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.CPQD7Kdd/pandas_2.2.3+dfsg-9.diffoscope.txt --json /srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.CPQD7Kdd/pandas_2.2.3+dfsg-9.diffoscope.json --profile=- /srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.CPQD7Kdd/b1/pandas_2.2.3+dfsg-9_i386.changes /srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.CPQD7Kdd/b2/pandas_2.2.3+dfsg-9

⊟

400 KB

/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.CPQD7Kdd/b1/pandas_2.2.3+dfsg-9_i386.changes vs.

/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.CPQD7Kdd/b2/pandas_2.2.3+dfsg-9_i386.changes ¶

⊟

522 B

Files ¶


Offset 1, 5 lines modified		Offset 1, 5 lines modified

1	·~~39f3~~0fe2~~2772d4~~b~~07a6~~d83~~5e9f7~~1~~373d~~·10795~~276~~·doc·optional·python-pandas-doc_2.2.3+dfsg-9_all.deb	1	·926cd03e08958cb2271d3a7c4015e91a·10795400·doc·optional·python-pandas-doc_2.2.3+dfsg-9_all.deb
2	·ff4af08d5d4be9b6503081ef9dc78c9f·34673412·debug·optional·python3-pandas-lib-dbgsym_2.2.3+dfsg-9_i386.deb	2	·ff4af08d5d4be9b6503081ef9dc78c9f·34673412·debug·optional·python3-pandas-lib-dbgsym_2.2.3+dfsg-9_i386.deb
3	·9fa8e6a808a40e70629057e4c8befb8e·4409080·python·optional·python3-pandas-lib_2.2.3+dfsg-9_i386.deb	3	·9fa8e6a808a40e70629057e4c8befb8e·4409080·python·optional·python3-pandas-lib_2.2.3+dfsg-9_i386.deb
4	·6f05a87b66230b056112f4c7c394692b·3096828·python·optional·python3-pandas_2.2.3+dfsg-9_all.deb	4	·6f05a87b66230b056112f4c7c394692b·3096828·python·optional·python3-pandas_2.2.3+dfsg-9_all.deb

⊟

399 KB

python-pandas-doc_2.2.3+dfsg-9_all.deb ¶

⊟

452 B

file list ¶


Offset 1, 3 lines modified		Offset 1, 3 lines modified
1	-rw-r--r--···0········0········0········4·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·debian-binary	1	-rw-r--r--···0········0········0········4·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·debian-binary
2	-rw-r--r--···0········0········0···147376·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·control.tar.xz	2	-rw-r--r--···0········0········0···147392·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·control.tar.xz
3	-rw-r--r--···0········0········0·10647~~708~~·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·data.tar.xz	3	-rw-r--r--···0········0········0·10647816·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·data.tar.xz

⊟

604 B

control.tar.xz ¶

⊟

576 B

control.tar ¶

⊟

506 B

./control ¶


Offset 1, 13 lines modified		Offset 1, 13 lines modified
1	Package:·python-pandas-doc	1	Package:·python-pandas-doc
2	Source:·pandas	2	Source:·pandas
3	Version:·2.2.3+dfsg-9	3	Version:·2.2.3+dfsg-9
4	Architecture:·all	4	Architecture:·all
5	Maintainer:·Debian·Science·Team·<debian-science-maintainers@lists.alioth.debian.org>	5	Maintainer:·Debian·Science·Team·<debian-science-maintainers@lists.alioth.debian.org>
6	Installed-Size:·209906	6	Installed-Size:·209904
7	Depends:·libjs-sphinxdoc·(>=·8.1),·libjs-mathjax	7	Depends:·libjs-sphinxdoc·(>=·8.1),·libjs-mathjax
8	Suggests:·python3-pandas	8	Suggests:·python3-pandas
9	Section:·doc	9	Section:·doc
10	Priority:·optional	10	Priority:·optional
11	Multi-Arch:·foreign	11	Multi-Arch:·foreign
12	Homepage:·https://pandas.pydata.org/	12	Homepage:·https://pandas.pydata.org/
13	Description:·data·structures·for·"relational"·or·"labeled"·data·-·documentation	13	Description:·data·structures·for·"relational"·or·"labeled"·data·-·documentation

⊟

48.0 B

./md5sums ¶

⊟

30.0 B

./md5sums ¶

Files differ

⊟

398 KB

data.tar.xz ¶

⊟

398 KB

data.tar ¶

⊟

12.2 KB

file list ¶

⊟

69.8 KB

./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/searchindex.js ¶

⊟

69.7 KB

js-beautify {} ¶


Offset 21485, 24 lines modified		Offset 21485, 24 lines modified
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21486	········"000895":·2195,	21486	········"000895":·2195,
21487	········"000951":·2186,	21487	········"000951":·2186,
21488	········"000k":·1489,	21488	········"000k":·1489,
21489	········"000m":·1489,	21489	········"000m":·1489,
21490	········"000n":·1489,	21490	········"000n":·1489,
21491	········"000z":·2294,	21491	········"000z":·2294,
21492	········"001":·[532,·874,·1467,·2~~193,·2~~232,·2264],	21492	········"001":·[532,·874,·1467,·2232,·2264],
21493	········"001000":·[917,·919,·922,·929,·1876,·2209],	21493	········"001000":·[917,·919,·922,·929,·1876,·2209],
21494	········"001294":·2210,	21494	········"001294":·2210,
21495	········"001372":·2207,	21495	········"001372":·2207,
21496	········"001376":·2207,	21496	········"001376":·2207,
21497	········"001427":·2214,	21497	········"001427":·2214,
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21500	········"00180":·2294,	21500	········"00180":·2294,
21501	········"002":·~~[2193,·~~2264],	21501	········"002":·2264,
21502	········"002000":·2232,	21502	········"002000":·2232,
21503	········"002040":·2235,	21503	········"002040":·2235,
21504	········"002118":·[2230,·2231],	21504	········"002118":·[2230,·2231],
21505	········"002653":·2207,	21505	········"002653":·2207,
21506	········"002846":·2229,	21506	········"002846":·2229,
21507	········"003":·[2185,·2193,·2235],	21507	········"003":·[2185,·2193,·2235],
21508	········"003144":·2210,	21508	········"003144":·2210,
Offset 21510, 15 lines modified		Offset 21510, 15 lines modified
21510	········"003494":·15,	21510	········"003494":·15,
21511	········"003507":·[2209,·2218],	21511	········"003507":·[2209,·2218],
21512	········"003556":·2207,	21512	········"003556":·2207,
21513	········"00360":·2294,	21513	········"00360":·2294,
21514	········"003733":·2207,	21514	········"003733":·2207,
21515	········"003932":·2216,	21515	········"003932":·2216,
21516	········"003945":·2210,	21516	········"003945":·2210,
21517	········"004":·[2186,·2227],	21517	········"004":·[2186,·2193,·2227],
21518	········"004000":·2232,	21518	········"004000":·2232,
21519	········"004005006":·[287,·939],	21519	········"004005006":·[287,·939],
21520	········"004054":·2229,	21520	········"004054":·2229,
21521	········"004091":·[2204,·2257],	21521	········"004091":·[2204,·2257],
21522	········"004127":·2207,	21522	········"004127":·2207,
21523	········"004194":·2186,	21523	········"004194":·2186,
21524	········"004201":·2186,	21524	········"004201":·2186,
Offset 21531, 32 lines modified		Offset 21531, 35 lines modified
21531	········"005000":·2218,	21531	········"005000":·2218,
21532	········"005361":·2207,	21532	········"005361":·2207,
21533	········"005383":·2220,	21533	········"005383":·2220,
21534	········"005446":·2219,	21534	········"005446":·2219,
21535	········"005462":·2191,	21535	········"005462":·2191,
21536	········"005977":·2199,	21536	········"005977":·2199,
21537	········"005979":·2186,	21537	········"005979":·2186,
		21538	········"006":·2193,
21538	········"006123":·2207,	21539	········"006123":·2207,
21539	········"006154":·[2185,·2197,·2199,·2202,·2204,·2215,·2257],	21540	········"006154":·[2185,·2197,·2199,·2202,·2204,·2215,·2257],
21540	········"0062":·2191,	21541	········"0062":·2191,
21541	········"006349":·2195,	21542	········"006349":·2195,
21542	········"006438":·2215,	21543	········"006438":·2215,
21543	········"006549":·[182,·760],	21544	········"006549":·[182,·760],
21544	········"006695":·2186,	21545	········"006695":·2186,
21545	········"006747":·[2185,·2197,·2199,·2202,·2204,·2215],	21546	········"006747":·[2185,·2197,·2199,·2202,·2204,·2215],
21546	········"006871":·2212,	21547	········"006871":·2212,
21547	········"006888":·2220,	21548	········"006888":·2220,
21548	········"006938":·2207,	21549	········"006938":·2207,
		21550	········"007":·2193,
21549	········"007200":·2184,	21551	········"007200":·2184,
21550	········"007207":·[2184,·2214],	21552	········"007207":·[2184,·2214],
21551	········"007717":·2199,	21553	········"007717":·2199,
21552	········"007824":·15,	21554	········"007824":·15,
21553	········"007952":·2207,	21555	········"007952":·2207,
21554	········"007996":·2186,	21556	········"007996":·2186,
21555	········"007f":·203,	21557	········"007f":·203,
		21558	········"008":·2193,
21556	········"008182":·2204,	21559	········"008182":·2204,
21557	········"008298":·2186,	21560	········"008298":·2186,
21558	········"008344":·2207,	21561	········"008344":·2207,
21559	········"008358":·2207,	21562	········"008358":·2207,
21560	········"008500":·15,	21563	········"008500":·15,
21561	········"008543":·[102,·1158],	21564	········"008543":·[102,·1158],
21562	········"008943":·[102,·1158],	21565	········"008943":·[102,·1158],
Offset 21569, 54 lines modified		Offset 21572, 54 lines modified
21569	········"009783":·2207,	21572	········"009783":·2207,
21570	········"009797":·2186,	21573	········"009797":·2186,
21571	········"009826":·[102,·1158,·2205],	21574	········"009826":·[102,·1158,·2205],
21572	········"009920":·[2184,·2195,·2214],	21575	········"009920":·[2184,·2195,·2214],
21573	········"00am":·2230,	21576	········"00am":·2230,
21574	········"00index":·2218,	21577	········"00index":·2218,
21575	········"01":·[3,·15,·16,·17,·19,·29,·30,·31,·79,·80,·82,·88,·107,·121,·182,·187,·207,·213,·218,·219,·230,·242,·261,·270,·271,·276,·277,·278,·283,·286,·287,·288,·289,·290,·291,·292,·293,·294,·295,·296,·298,·299,·301,·302,·303,·304,·305,·306,·307,·308,·309,·310,·311,·312,·313,·314,·315,·316,·317,·318,·319,·320,·321,·322,·323,·324,·326,·329,·330,·331,·332,·333,·345,·362,·363,·423,·445,·510,·511,·513,·514,·515,·516,·517,·519,·521,·523,·525,·529,·531,·532,·533,·534,·535,·536,·537,·541,·542,·543,·544,·545,·546,·547,·548,·549,·551,·554,·556,·557,·558,·560,·561,·562,·563,·564,·565,·566,·575,·591,·592,·593,·600,·629,·637,·639,·640,·641,·642,·643,·644,·645,·646,·647,·649,·650,·651,·652,·654,·655,·656,·657,·658,·659,·660,·661,·662,·663,·665,·666,·667,·668,·670,·671,·673,·674,·675,·676,·677,·678,·679,·680,·684,·685,·686,·688,·689,·696,·760,·763,·781,·788,·793,·804,·817,·874,·893,·898,·899,·902,·903,·904,·905,·909,·910,·917,·919,·922,·929,·934,·939,·940,·943,·944,·945,·948,·949,·953,·954,·957,·959,·960,·969,·972,·982,·984,·997,·1000,·1001,·1003,·1004,·1005,·1011,·1014,·1016,·1017,·1020,·1021,·1024,·1051,·1075,·1078,·1106,·1118,·1122,·1141,·1144,·1145,·1147,·1157,·1164,·1170,·1171,·1176,·1180,·1185,·1192,·1195,·1197,·1206,·1214,·1221,·1227,·1228,·1233,·1239,·1245,·1246,·1253,·1256,·1258,·1268,·1269,·1270,·1271,·1272,·1273,·1274,·1275,·1277,·1278,·1279,·1280,·1282,·1283,·1284,·1285,·1286,·1287,·1288,·1290,·1291,·1292,·1293,·1294,·1295,·1296,·1297,·1344,·1345,·1367,·1391,·1392,·1393,·1436,·1447,·1452,·1475,·1488,·1490,·1498,·1500,·1501,·1506,·1524,·1542,·1560,·1620,·1699,·1720,·1741,·1793,·1815,·1857,·1930,·1947,·1982,·2036,·2054,·2090,·2108,·2127,·2163,·2184,·2185,·2186,·2188,·2191,·2195,·2197,·2198,·2199,·2200,·2201,·2202,·2204,·2205,·2206,·2207,·2209,·2210,·2212,·2214,·2215,·2216,·2217,·2218,·2219,·2220,·2221,·2222,·2223,·2225,·2226,·2228,·2229,·2230,·2231,·2232,·2235,·2238,·2240,·2241,·2246,·2249,·2261,·2264,·2265,·2271,·2283,·2289,·2294,·2298,·2302,·2307],	21578	········"01":·[3,·15,·16,·17,·19,·29,·30,·31,·79,·80,·82,·88,·107,·121,·182,·187,·207,·213,·218,·219,·230,·242,·261,·270,·271,·276,·277,·278,·283,·286,·287,·288,·289,·290,·291,·292,·293,·294,·295,·296,·298,·299,·301,·302,·303,·304,·305,·306,·307,·308,·309,·310,·311,·312,·313,·314,·315,·316,·317,·318,·319,·320,·321,·322,·323,·324,·326,·329,·330,·331,·332,·333,·345,·362,·363,·423,·445,·510,·511,·513,·514,·515,·516,·517,·519,·521,·523,·525,·529,·531,·532,·533,·534,·535,·536,·537,·541,·542,·543,·544,·545,·546,·547,·548,·549,·551,·554,·556,·557,·558,·560,·561,·562,·563,·564,·565,·566,·575,·591,·592,·593,·600,·629,·637,·639,·640,·641,·642,·643,·644,·645,·646,·647,·649,·650,·651,·652,·654,·655,·656,·657,·658,·659,·660,·661,·662,·663,·665,·666,·667,·668,·670,·671,·673,·674,·675,·676,·677,·678,·679,·680,·684,·685,·686,·688,·689,·696,·760,·763,·781,·788,·793,·804,·817,·874,·893,·898,·899,·902,·903,·904,·905,·909,·910,·917,·919,·922,·929,·934,·939,·940,·943,·944,·945,·948,·949,·953,·954,·957,·959,·960,·969,·972,·982,·984,·997,·1000,·1001,·1003,·1004,·1005,·1011,·1014,·1016,·1017,·1020,·1021,·1024,·1051,·1075,·1078,·1106,·1118,·1122,·1141,·1144,·1145,·1147,·1157,·1164,·1170,·1171,·1176,·1180,·1185,·1192,·1195,·1197,·1206,·1214,·1221,·1227,·1228,·1233,·1239,·1245,·1246,·1253,·1256,·1258,·1268,·1269,·1270,·1271,·1272,·1273,·1274,·1275,·1277,·1278,·1279,·1280,·1282,·1283,·1284,·1285,·1286,·1287,·1288,·1290,·1291,·1292,·1293,·1294,·1295,·1296,·1297,·1344,·1345,·1367,·1391,·1392,·1393,·1436,·1447,·1452,·1475,·1488,·1490,·1498,·1500,·1501,·1506,·1524,·1542,·1560,·1620,·1699,·1720,·1741,·1793,·1815,·1857,·1930,·1947,·1982,·2036,·2054,·2090,·2108,·2127,·2163,·2184,·2185,·2186,·2188,·2191,·2195,·2197,·2198,·2199,·2200,·2201,·2202,·2204,·2205,·2206,·2207,·2209,·2210,·2212,·2214,·2215,·2216,·2217,·2218,·2219,·2220,·2221,·2222,·2223,·2225,·2226,·2228,·2229,·2230,·2231,·2232,·2235,·2238,·2240,·2241,·2246,·2249,·2261,·2264,·2265,·2271,·2283,·2289,·2294,·2298,·2302,·2307],
		21579	········"010":·2193,
21576	········"0100":·[575,·893,·957,·970,·997,·1004,·1014,·1016,·1020,·1021,·1498,·2186,·2199,·2210,·2246,·2271],	21580	········"0100":·[575,·893,·957,·970,·997,·1004,·1014,·1016,·1020,·1021,·1498,·2186,·2199,·2210,·2246,·2271],
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21586	········"011111":·[182,·760],	21591	········"011111":·[182,·760],
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21591	········"011736":·2186,	21596	········"011736":·2186,
21592	········"011829":·2207,	21597	········"011829":·2207,
21593	········"01183":·2229,	21598	········"01183":·2229,
21594	········"011860":·[182,·760],	21599	········"011860":·[182,·760],
21595	········"011975":·2207,	21600	········"011975":·2207,
21596	········"012":·2193,
21597	········"012108":·2207,	21601	········"012108":·2207,
21598	········"012299":·2207,	21602	········"012299":·2207,
21599	········"0123456789123456":·[2164,·2165],	21603	········"0123456789123456":·[2164,·2165],
21600	········"012549":·2207,	21604	········"012549":·2207,
21601	········"012694":·2199,	21605	········"012694":·2199,
21602	········"012922":·2219,	21606	········"012922":·2219,
21603	········"013":·2193,
21604	········"013086":·15,	21607	········"013086":·15,
21605	········"0133":·2202,	21608	········"0133":·2202,
21606	········"013448":·2207,	21609	········"013448":·2207,
21607	········"013605":·2207,	21610	········"013605":·2207,
21608	········"013684":·[182,·760],	21611	········"013684":·[182,·760],
21609	········"013692":·[102,·1158],	21612	········"013692":·[102,·1158],
21610	········"013747":·2199,	21613	········"013747":·2199,
21611	········"013768":·2230,	21614	········"013768":·2230,
21612	········"013810":·[182,·760],	21615	········"013810":·[182,·760],
21613	········"013863":·2199,	21616	········"013863":·2199,
21614	········"013960":·[2185,·2197,·2199,·2202,·2204,·2215,·2257],	21617	········"013960":·[2185,·2197,·2199,·2202,·2204,·2215,·2257],
21615	········"014":·[219~~1,·2~~1~~93]~~,	21618	········"014":·2191,
21616	········"014061":·2207,	21619	········"014061":·2207,
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Offset 110, 33 lines modified		Offset 110, 32 lines modified
110	···...:·····dx·=·(b·-·a)·/·N	110	···...:·····dx·=·(b·-·a)·/·N
111	···...:·····for·i·in·range(N):	111	···...:·····for·i·in·range(N):
112	···...:·········s·+=·f(a·+·i·*·dx)	112	···...:·········s·+=·f(a·+·i·*·dx)
113	···...:·····return·s·*·dx	113	···...:·····return·s·*·dx
114	···...:	114	···...:
115	We·achieve·our·result·by·using·_\x8D_\x8a_\x8t_\x8a_\x8F_\x8r_\x8a_\x8m_\x8e_\x8._\x8a_\x8p_\x8p_\x8l_\x8y_\x8(_\x8)·(row-wise):	115	We·achieve·our·result·by·using·_\x8D_\x8a_\x8t_\x8a_\x8F_\x8r_\x8a_\x8m_\x8e_\x8._\x8a_\x8p_\x8p_\x8l_\x8y_\x8(_\x8)·(row-wise):
116	In·[5]:·%timeit·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),·axis=1)	116	In·[5]:·%timeit·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),·axis=1)
117	150·ms·+-·~~5.2~~7·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10·loops·each)	117	177·ms·+-·20.7·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10·loops·each)
118	Let’s·take·a·look·and·see·where·the·time·is·spent·during·this·operation·using	118	Let’s·take·a·look·and·see·where·the·time·is·spent·during·this·operation·using
119	the·_\x8p_\x8r_\x8u_\x8n_\x8·_\x8i_\x8p_\x8y_\x8t_\x8h_\x8o_\x8n_\x8·_\x8m_\x8a_\x8g_\x8i_\x8c_\x8·_\x8f_\x8u_\x8n_\x8c_\x8t_\x8i_\x8o_\x8n:	119	the·_\x8p_\x8r_\x8u_\x8n_\x8·_\x8i_\x8p_\x8y_\x8t_\x8h_\x8o_\x8n_\x8·_\x8m_\x8a_\x8g_\x8i_\x8c_\x8·_\x8f_\x8u_\x8n_\x8c_\x8t_\x8i_\x8o_\x8n:
120	#·most·time·consuming·4·calls	120	#·most·time·consuming·4·calls
121	In·[6]:·%prun·-l·4·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),	121	In·[6]:·%prun·-l·4·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),
122	axis=1)··#·noqa·E999	122	axis=1)··#·noqa·E999
123	·········605946·function·calls·(605928·primitive·calls)·in·1.~~021~~·seconds	123	·········605946·function·calls·(605928·primitive·calls)·in·0.296·seconds

124	···Ordered·by:·internal·time	124	···Ordered·by:·internal·time
125	···List·reduced·from·159·to·4·due·to·restriction·<4>	125	···List·reduced·from·159·to·4·due·to·restriction·<4>

126	···ncalls··tottime··percall··cumtime··percall·filename:lineno(function)	126	···ncalls··tottime··percall··cumtime··percall·filename:lineno(function)
127	·····1000····0.~~531~~····0.001····0.~~905~~····0.001·<ipython-input-4-c2a74e076cf0>:1	127	·····1000····0.178····0.000····0.259····0.000·<ipython-input-4-c2a74e076cf0>:1
128	(integrate_f)	128	(integrate_f)
129	···552423····0.~~374~~····0.000····0.~~374~~····0.000·<ipython-input-3-c138bdd570e3>:1	129	···552423····0.080····0.000····0.080····0.000·<ipython-input-3-c138bdd570e3>:1
130	(f)	130	(f)
131	·····3000····0.019····0.000····0.082····0.000·series.py:1095(__getitem__)	131	·····3000····0.006····0.000····0.025····0.000·series.py:1095(__getitem__)
		132	·····3000····0.004····0.000····0.011····0.000·series.py:1220(_get_value)
132	····16098····0.014····0.000····0.018····0.000·{built-in·method
133	builtins.isinstance}
134	By·far·the·majority·of·time·is·spend·inside·either·integrate_f·or·f,·hence	133	By·far·the·majority·of·time·is·spend·inside·either·integrate_f·or·f,·hence
135	we’ll·concentrate·our·efforts·cythonizing·these·two·functions.	134	we’ll·concentrate·our·efforts·cythonizing·these·two·functions.
136	\x8\x8\x8\x8·P\x8Pl\x8la\x8ai\x8in\x8n·C\x8Cy\x8yt\x8th\x8ho\x8on\x8n_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8	135	\x8\x8\x8\x8·P\x8Pl\x8la\x8ai\x8in\x8n·C\x8Cy\x8yt\x8th\x8ho\x8on\x8n_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8
137	First·we’re·going·to·need·to·import·the·Cython·magic·function·to·IPython:	136	First·we’re·going·to·need·to·import·the·Cython·magic·function·to·IPython:
138	In·[7]:·%load_ext·Cython	137	In·[7]:·%load_ext·Cython
139	Now,·let’s·simply·copy·our·functions·over·to·Cython:	138	Now,·let’s·simply·copy·our·functions·over·to·Cython:
140	In·[8]:·%%cython	139	In·[8]:·%%cython
Offset 147, 15 lines modified		Offset 146, 15 lines modified
147	···...:·····dx·=·(b·-·a)·/·N	146	···...:·····dx·=·(b·-·a)·/·N
148	···...:·····for·i·in·range(N):	147	···...:·····for·i·in·range(N):
149	···...:·········s·+=·f_plain(a·+·i·*·dx)	148	···...:·········s·+=·f_plain(a·+·i·*·dx)
150	···...:·····return·s·*·dx	149	···...:·····return·s·*·dx
151	···...:	150	···...:
152	In·[9]:·%timeit·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f_plain(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),	151	In·[9]:·%timeit·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f_plain(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),
153	axis=1)	152	axis=1)
154	130·ms·+-·~~359~~·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10·loops·each)	153	182·ms·+-·21.5·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10·loops·each)
155	This·has·improved·the·performance·compared·to·the·pure·Python·approach·by·one-	154	This·has·improved·the·performance·compared·to·the·pure·Python·approach·by·one-
156	third.	155	third.
157	\x8\x8\x8\x8·D\x8De\x8ec\x8cl\x8la\x8ar\x8ri\x8in\x8ng\x8g·C\x8C·t\x8ty\x8yp\x8pe\x8es\x8s_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8	156	\x8\x8\x8\x8·D\x8De\x8ec\x8cl\x8la\x8ar\x8ri\x8in\x8ng\x8g·C\x8C·t\x8ty\x8yp\x8pe\x8es\x8s_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8
158	We·can·annotate·the·function·variables·and·return·types·as·well·as·use·cdef·and	157	We·can·annotate·the·function·variables·and·return·types·as·well·as·use·cdef·and
159	cpdef·to·improve·performance:	158	cpdef·to·improve·performance:
160	In·[10]:·%%cython	159	In·[10]:·%%cython
161	···....:·cdef·double·f_typed(double·x)·except?·-2:	160	···....:·cdef·double·f_typed(double·x)·except?·-2:
Offset 167, 36 lines modified		Offset 166, 35 lines modified
167	···....:·····dx·=·(b·-·a)·/·N	166	···....:·····dx·=·(b·-·a)·/·N
168	···....:·····for·i·in·range(N):	167	···....:·····for·i·in·range(N):
169	···....:·········s·+=·f_typed(a·+·i·*·dx)	168	···....:·········s·+=·f_typed(a·+·i·*·dx)
170	···....:·····return·s·*·dx	169	···....:·····return·s·*·dx
171	···....:	170	···....:
172	In·[11]:·%timeit·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f_typed(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),	171	In·[11]:·%timeit·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f_typed(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),
173	axis=1)	172	axis=1)
174	22.8·ms·+-·~~148~~·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10·loops·each)	173	20.3·ms·+-·93.9·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10·loops·each)
175	Annotating·the·functions·with·C·types·yields·an·over·ten·times·performance	174	Annotating·the·functions·with·C·types·yields·an·over·ten·times·performance
176	improvement·compared·to·the·original·Python·implementation.	175	improvement·compared·to·the·original·Python·implementation.
177	\x8\x8\x8\x8·U\x8Us\x8si\x8in\x8ng\x8g·n\x8nd\x8da\x8ar\x8rr\x8ra\x8ay\x8y_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8	176	\x8\x8\x8\x8·U\x8Us\x8si\x8in\x8ng\x8g·n\x8nd\x8da\x8ar\x8rr\x8ra\x8ay\x8y_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8
178	When·re-profiling,·time·is·spent·creating·a·_\x8S_\x8e_\x8r_\x8i_\x8e_\x8s·from·each·row,·and·calling	177	When·re-profiling,·time·is·spent·creating·a·_\x8S_\x8e_\x8r_\x8i_\x8e_\x8s·from·each·row,·and·calling
179	__getitem__·from·both·the·index·and·the·series·(three·times·for·each·row).	178	__getitem__·from·both·the·index·and·the·series·(three·times·for·each·row).
180	These·Python·function·calls·are·expensive·and·can·be·improved·by·passing·an	179	These·Python·function·calls·are·expensive·and·can·be·improved·by·passing·an
181	np.ndarray.	180	np.ndarray.
182	In·[12]:·%prun·-l·4·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f_typed(x["a"],·x["b"],·x	181	In·[12]:·%prun·-l·4·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f_typed(x["a"],·x["b"],·x
183	["N"]),·axis=1)	182	["N"]),·axis=1)
184	·········52523·function·calls·(52505·primitive·calls)·in·0.~~119~~·seconds	183	·········52523·function·calls·(52505·primitive·calls)·in·0.066·seconds

185	···Ordered·by:·internal·time	184	···Ordered·by:·internal·time
186	···List·reduced·from·157·to·4·due·to·restriction·<4>	185	···List·reduced·from·157·to·4·due·to·restriction·<4>

187	···ncalls··tottime··percall··cumtime··percall·filename:lineno(function)	186	···ncalls··tottime··percall··cumtime··percall·filename:lineno(function)
188	·····3000····0.019····0.000····0.084····0.000·series.py:1095(__getitem__)	187	·····3000····0.010····0.000····0.042····0.000·series.py:1095(__getitem__)
		188	·····3000····0.007····0.000····0.019····0.000·series.py:1220(_get_value)
		189	·····3000····0.007····0.000····0.008····0.000·base.py:3777(get_loc)
189	····16098····0.014····0.000····0.018····0.000·{built-in·method	190	····16098····0.006····0.000····0.008····0.000·{built-in·method
190	builtins.isinstance}	191	builtins.isinstance}
191	·····3000····0.013····0.000····0.034····0.000·series.py:1220(_get_value)
192	·····3000····0.012····0.000····0.021····0.000·indexing.py:2765
193	(check_dict_or_set_indexers)
194	In·[13]:·%%cython	192	In·[13]:·%%cython
195	···....:·cimport·numpy·as·np	193	···....:·cimport·numpy·as·np
196	···....:·import·numpy·as·np	194	···....:·import·numpy·as·np
197	···....:·cdef·double·f_typed(double·x)·except?·-2:	195	···....:·cdef·double·f_typed(double·x)·except?·-2:
198	···....:·····return·x·*·(x·-·1)	196	···....:·····return·x·*·(x·-·1)
199	···....:·cpdef·double·integrate_f_typed(double·a,·double·b,·int·N):	197	···....:·cpdef·double·integrate_f_typed(double·a,·double·b,·int·N):
200	···....:·····cdef·int·i	198	···....:·····cdef·int·i
Offset 237, 31 lines modified		Offset 235, 31 lines modified
237	This·implementation·creates·an·array·of·zeros·and·inserts·the·result·of	235	This·implementation·creates·an·array·of·zeros·and·inserts·the·result·of
238	integrate_f_typed·applied·over·each·row.·Looping·over·an·ndarray·is·faster·in	236	integrate_f_typed·applied·over·each·row.·Looping·over·an·ndarray·is·faster·in
239	Cython·than·looping·over·a·_\x8S_\x8e_\x8r_\x8i_\x8e_\x8s·object.	237	Cython·than·looping·over·a·_\x8S_\x8e_\x8r_\x8i_\x8e_\x8s·object.
240	Since·apply_integrate_f·is·typed·to·accept·an·np.ndarray,·_\x8S_\x8e_\x8r_\x8i_\x8e_\x8s_\x8._\x8t_\x8o_\x8__\x8n_\x8u_\x8m_\x8p_\x8y_\x8(_\x8)	238	Since·apply_integrate_f·is·typed·to·accept·an·np.ndarray,·_\x8S_\x8e_\x8r_\x8i_\x8e_\x8s_\x8._\x8t_\x8o_\x8__\x8n_\x8u_\x8m_\x8p_\x8y_\x8(_\x8)
241	calls·are·needed·to·utilize·this·function.	239	calls·are·needed·to·utilize·this·function.
242	In·[14]:·%timeit·apply_integrate_f(df["a"].to_numpy(),·df["b"].to_numpy(),·df	240	In·[14]:·%timeit·apply_integrate_f(df["a"].to_numpy(),·df["b"].to_numpy(),·df
243	["N"].to_numpy())	241	["N"].to_numpy())
244	2.42·ms·+-·2.27·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·100·loops·each)	242	3.42·ms·+-·20·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·100·loops·each)
245	Performance·has·improved·from·the·prior·implementation·by·almost·ten·times.	243	Performance·has·improved·from·the·prior·implementation·by·almost·ten·times.
246	\x8\x8\x8\x8·D\x8Di\x8is\x8sa\x8ab\x8bl\x8li\x8in\x8ng\x8g·c\x8co\x8om\x8mp\x8pi\x8il\x8le\x8er\x8r·d\x8di\x8ir\x8re\x8ec\x8ct\x8ti\x8iv\x8ve\x8es\x8s_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8	244	\x8\x8\x8\x8·D\x8Di\x8is\x8sa\x8ab\x8bl\x8li\x8in\x8ng\x8g·c\x8co\x8om\x8mp\x8pi\x8il\x8le\x8er\x8r·d\x8di\x8ir\x8re\x8ec\x8ct\x8ti\x8iv\x8ve\x8es\x8s_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8
247	The·majority·of·the·time·is·now·spent·in·apply_integrate_f.·Disabling·Cython’s	245	The·majority·of·the·time·is·now·spent·in·apply_integrate_f.·Disabling·Cython’s
248	boundscheck·and·wraparound·checks·can·yield·more·performance.	246	boundscheck·and·wraparound·checks·can·yield·more·performance.
249	In·[15]:·%prun·-l·4·apply_integrate_f(df["a"].to_numpy(),·df["b"].to_numpy(),	247	In·[15]:·%prun·-l·4·apply_integrate_f(df["a"].to_numpy(),·df["b"].to_numpy(),
250	df["N"].to_numpy())	248	df["N"].to_numpy())
251	·········78·function·calls·in·0.003·seconds	249	·········78·function·calls·in·0.004·seconds

252	···Ordered·by:·internal·time	250	···Ordered·by:·internal·time
253	···List·reduced·from·21·to·4·due·to·restriction·<4>	251	···List·reduced·from·21·to·4·due·to·restriction·<4>

254	···ncalls··tottime··percall··cumtime··percall·filename:lineno(function)	252	···ncalls··tottime··percall··cumtime··percall·filename:lineno(function)
255	········1····0.002····0.002····0.003····0.003·<string>:1(<module>)	253	········1····0.003····0.003····0.004····0.004·<string>:1(<module>)
256	········1····0.000····0.000····0.000····0.000·{method·'disable'·of	254	········1····0.000····0.000····0.000····0.000·{method·'disable'·of
257	'_lsprof.Profiler'·objects}	255	'_lsprof.Profiler'·objects}
258	········1····0.000····0.000····0.003····0.003·{built-in·method·builtins.exec}	256	········1····0.000····0.000····0.004····0.004·{built-in·method·builtins.exec}
259	········3····0.000····0.000····0.000····0.000·frame.py:4062(__getitem__)	257	········3····0.000····0.000····0.000····0.000·frame.py:4062(__getitem__)
260	In·[16]:·%%cython	258	In·[16]:·%%cython
261	···....:·cimport·cython	259	···....:·cimport·cython
262	···....:·cimport·numpy·as·np	260	···....:·cimport·numpy·as·np
263	···....:·import·numpy·as·np	261	···....:·import·numpy·as·np
264	···....:·cdef·np.float64_t·f_typed(np.float64_t·x)·except?·-2:	262	···....:·cdef·np.float64_t·f_typed(np.float64_t·x)·except?·-2:
265	···....:·····return·x·*·(x·-·1)	263	···....:·····return·x·*·(x·-·1)
Offset 648, 17 lines modified		Offset 646, 17 lines modified
648	The·'numexpr'·engine·is·the·more·performant·engine·that·can·yield·performance	646	The·'numexpr'·engine·is·the·more·performant·engine·that·can·yield·performance
649	improvements·compared·to·standard·Python·syntax·for·large·_\x8D_\x8a_\x8t_\x8a_\x8F_\x8r_\x8a_\x8m_\x8e.·This	647	improvements·compared·to·standard·Python·syntax·for·large·_\x8D_\x8a_\x8t_\x8a_\x8F_\x8r_\x8a_\x8m_\x8e.·This
650	engine·requires·the·optional·dependency·numexpr·to·be·installed.	648	engine·requires·the·optional·dependency·numexpr·to·be·installed.
651	The·'python'·engine·is·generally·n\x8no\x8ot\x8t·useful·except·for·testing·other·evaluation	649	The·'python'·engine·is·generally·n\x8no\x8ot\x8t·useful·except·for·testing·other·evaluation
652	engines·against·it.·You·will·achieve·n\x8no\x8o·performance·benefits·using·_\x8e_\x8v_\x8a_\x8l_\x8(_\x8)·with	650	engines·against·it.·You·will·achieve·n\x8no\x8o·performance·benefits·using·_\x8e_\x8v_\x8a_\x8l_\x8(_\x8)·with
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./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/pyarrow.html ¶


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986	<span·class="n">Cell</span>·<span·class="n">In</span><span·class="p">[</span><span·class="mi">33</span><span·class="p">],</span>·<span·class="n">line</span>·<span·class="mi">1</span>	986	<span·class="n">Cell</span>·<span·class="n">In</span><span·class="p">[</span><span·class="mi">33</span><span·class="p">],</span>·<span·class="n">line</span>·<span·class="mi">1</span>
987	<span·class="ne">---->·</span><span·class="mi">1</span>·<span·class="n">table</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pa</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">table</span><span·class="p">([</span><span·class="n">pa</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">array</span><span·class="p">([</span><span·class="mi">1</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">2</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">3</span><span·class="p">],</span>·<span·class="nb">type</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="n">pa</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">int64</span><span·class="p">())],</span>·<span·class="n">names</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="p">[</span><span·class="s2">"a"</span><span·class="p">])</span>	987	<span·class="ne">---->·</span><span·class="mi">1</span>·<span·class="n">table</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pa</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">table</span><span·class="p">([</span><span·class="n">pa</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">array</span><span·class="p">([</span><span·class="mi">1</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">2</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">3</span><span·class="p">],</span>·<span·class="nb">type</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="n">pa</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">int64</span><span·class="p">())],</span>·<span·class="n">names</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="p">[</span><span·class="s2">"a"</span><span·class="p">])</span>

988	<span·class="ne">NameError</span>:·name·'pa'·is·not·defined	988	<span·class="ne">NameError</span>:·name·'pa'·is·not·defined

989	<span·class="gp">In·[34]:·</span><span·class="n">df</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">table</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">to_pandas</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">types_mapper</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">ArrowDtype</span><span·class="p">)</span>	989	<span·class="gp">In·[34]:·</span><span·class="n">df</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">table</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">to_pandas</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">types_mapper</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">ArrowDtype</span><span·class="p">)</span>
990	<span·class="gt">---------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>	990	<span·class="gt">---------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
991	<span·class="ne">~~Attribut~~eError</span><span·class="g·g-Whitespace">····························</span>Traceback·(most·recent·call·last)	991	<span·class="ne">NameError</span><span·class="g·g-Whitespace">·································</span>Traceback·(most·recent·call·last)
992	<span·class="nn">&l~~t;i~~p~~ytho~~n-inp~~ut-34-64e~~c~~62289~~c~~b4>~~</span>·in·<span·class="ni">?</span><span·class="nt">()</span>	992	<span·class="n">Cell</span>·<span·class="n">In</span><span·class="p">[</span><span·class="mi">34</span><span·class="p">],</span>·<span·class="n">line</span>·<span·class="mi">1</span>
993	<span·class="ne">---->·</span><span·class="mi">1</span>·<span·class="n">df</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">table</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">to_pandas</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">types_mapper</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">ArrowDtype</span><span·class="p">)</span>	993	<span·class="ne">---->·</span><span·class="mi">1</span>·<span·class="n">df</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">table</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">to_pandas</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">types_mapper</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">ArrowDtype</span><span·class="p">)</span>

		994	<span·class="ne">NameError</span>:·name·'table'·is·not·defined
994	<span·class="nn">/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pandas/core/generic.py</span>·in·<span·class="ni">?</span><span·class="nt">(self,·name)</span>
995	<span·class="g·g-Whitespace">···</span><span·class="mi">6295</span>·············<span·class="ow">and</span>·<span·class="n">name</span>·<span·class="ow">not</span>·<span·class="ow">in</span>·<span·class="bp">self</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">_accessors</span>
996	<span·class="g·g-Whitespace">···</span><span·class="mi">6296</span>·············<span·class="ow">and</span>·<span·class="bp">self</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">_info_axis</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">_can_hold_identifiers_and_holds_name</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">name</span><span·class="p">)</span>
997	<span·class="g·g-Whitespace">···</span><span·class="mi">6297</span>·········<span·class="p">):</span>
998	<span·class="g·g-Whitespace">···</span><span·class="mi">6298</span>·············<span·class="k">return</span>·<span·class="bp">self</span><span·class="p">[</span><span·class="n">name</span><span·class="p">]</span>
999	<span·class="ne">->·</span><span·class="mi">6299</span>·········<span·class="k">return</span>·<span·class="nb">object</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="fm">__getattribute__</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="bp">self</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">name</span><span·class="p">)</span>

1000	<span·class="ne">AttributeError</span>:·'DataFrame'·object·has·no·attribute·'to_pandas'

1001	<span·class="gp">In·[35]:·</span><span·class="n">df</span>	995	<span·class="gp">In·[35]:·</span><span·class="n">df</span>
1002	<span·class="gh">Out[35]:·</span>	996	<span·class="gh">Out[35]:·</span>
1003	<span·class="go">·····a····b</span>	997	<span·class="go">·····a····b</span>
1004	<span·class="go">0··xxx··yyy</span>	998	<span·class="go">0··xxx··yyy</span>
1005	<span·class="go">1···¡¡···¡¡</span>	999	<span·class="go">1···¡¡···¡¡</span>

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html2text {} ¶


Offset 526, 27 lines modified		Offset 526, 19 lines modified
526	Cell·In[33],·line·1	526	Cell·In[33],·line·1
527	---->·1·table·=·pa.table([pa.array([1,·2,·3],·type=pa.int64())],·names=["a"])	527	---->·1·table·=·pa.table([pa.array([1,·2,·3],·type=pa.int64())],·names=["a"])

528	NameError:·name·'pa'·is·not·defined	528	NameError:·name·'pa'·is·not·defined

529	In·[34]:·df·=·table.to_pandas(types_mapper=pd.ArrowDtype)	529	In·[34]:·df·=·table.to_pandas(types_mapper=pd.ArrowDtype)
530	---------------------------------------------------------------------------	530	---------------------------------------------------------------------------
531	~~Attribut~~eError····························Traceback·(most·recent·call·last)	531	NameError·································Traceback·(most·recent·call·last)
532	~~<ipython-i~~n~~put~~-3~~4-6~~4~~ec62289cb4>·~~in·~~?()~~	532	Cell·In[34],·line·1
533	---->·1·df·=·table.to_pandas(types_mapper=pd.ArrowDtype)	533	---->·1·df·=·table.to_pandas(types_mapper=pd.ArrowDtype)

		534	NameError:·name·'table'·is·not·defined
534	/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pandas/core/generic.py·in·?(self,·name)
535	···6295·············and·name·not·in·self._accessors
536	···6296·············and·self._info_axis._can_hold_identifiers_and_holds_name
537	(name)
538	···6297·········):
539	···6298·············return·self[name]
540	->·6299·········return·object.__getattribute__(self,·name)

541	AttributeError:·'DataFrame'·object·has·no·attribute·'to_pandas'

542	In·[35]:·df	535	In·[35]:·df
543	Out[35]:	536	Out[35]:
544	·····a····b	537	·····a····b
545	0··xxx··yyy	538	0··xxx··yyy
546	1···¡¡···¡¡	539	1···¡¡···¡¡

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./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/scale.html ¶

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Offset 644, 16 lines modified		Offset 644, 16 lines modified
644	···....:·files·=·pathlib.Path("data/timeseries/").glob("ts*.parquet")	644	···....:·files·=·pathlib.Path("data/timeseries/").glob("ts*.parquet")
645	···....:·counts·=·pd.Series(dtype=int)	645	···....:·counts·=·pd.Series(dtype=int)
646	···....:·for·path·in·files:	646	···....:·for·path·in·files:
647	···....:·····df·=·pd.read_parquet(path)	647	···....:·····df·=·pd.read_parquet(path)
648	···....:·····counts·=·counts.add(df["name"].value_counts(),·fill_value=0)	648	···....:·····counts·=·counts.add(df["name"].value_counts(),·fill_value=0)
649	···....:·counts.astype(int)	649	···....:·counts.astype(int)
650	···....:	650	···....:
651	CPU·times:·user·~~162~~·us,·sys:·~~460~~·us,·total:·~~622~~·us	651	CPU·times:·user·271·us,·sys:·259·us,·total:·530·us
652	Wall·time:·630·us	652	Wall·time:·538·us
653	Out[32]:·Series([],·dtype:·int32)	653	Out[32]:·Series([],·dtype:·int32)
654	Some·readers,·like·_\x8p_\x8a_\x8n_\x8d_\x8a_\x8s_\x8._\x8r_\x8e_\x8a_\x8d_\x8__\x8c_\x8s_\x8v_\x8(_\x8),·offer·parameters·to·control·the·chunksize	654	Some·readers,·like·_\x8p_\x8a_\x8n_\x8d_\x8a_\x8s_\x8._\x8r_\x8e_\x8a_\x8d_\x8__\x8c_\x8s_\x8v_\x8(_\x8),·offer·parameters·to·control·the·chunksize
655	when·reading·a·single·file.	655	when·reading·a·single·file.
656	Manually·chunking·is·an·OK·option·for·workflows·that·don’t·require·too	656	Manually·chunking·is·an·OK·option·for·workflows·that·don’t·require·too
657	sophisticated·of·operations.·Some·operations,·like·_\x8p_\x8a_\x8n_\x8d_\x8a_\x8s_\x8._\x8D_\x8a_\x8t_\x8a_\x8F_\x8r_\x8a_\x8m_\x8e_\x8._\x8g_\x8r_\x8o_\x8u_\x8p_\x8b_\x8y_\x8(_\x8),	657	sophisticated·of·operations.·Some·operations,·like·_\x8p_\x8a_\x8n_\x8d_\x8a_\x8s_\x8._\x8D_\x8a_\x8t_\x8a_\x8F_\x8r_\x8a_\x8m_\x8e_\x8._\x8g_\x8r_\x8o_\x8u_\x8p_\x8b_\x8y_\x8(_\x8),
658	are·much·harder·to·do·chunkwise.·In·these·cases,·you·may·be·better·switching·to	658	are·much·harder·to·do·chunkwise.·In·these·cases,·you·may·be·better·switching·to
659	a·different·library·that·implements·these·out-of-core·algorithms·for·you.	659	a·different·library·that·implements·these·out-of-core·algorithms·for·you.

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./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/style.ipynb.gz ¶

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style.ipynb ¶

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Pretty-printed ¶

Similarity: 0.9985610875706213% Differences: {"'cells'": "{1: {'metadata': {'execution': {'iopub.execute_input': '2026-05-03T19:44:33.845345Z', " "'iopub.status.busy': '2026-05-03T19:44:33.845105Z', 'iopub.status.idle': " "'2026-05-03T19:44:34.235274Z', 'shell.execute_reply': " "'2026-05-03T19:44:34.234607Z'}}}, 3: {'metadata': {'execution': " "{'iopub.execute_input': '2026-05-03T19:44:34.237753Z', 'iopub.status.busy': " "'2026-05-03T19:44:34.237445Z', 'iopub.status.idle': '2026-05-03T19:44:3 […]


Offset 39, 18 lines modified		Offset 39, 18 lines modified
39	············]	39	············]
40	········},	40	········},
41	········{	41	········{
42	············"cell_type":·"code",	42	············"cell_type":·"code",
43	············"execution_count":·1,	43	············"execution_count":·1,
44	············"metadata":·{	44	············"metadata":·{
45	················"execution":·{	45	················"execution":·{
46	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2025-03-31T12:10:18.~~920~~313Z",	46	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2026-05-03T19:44:33.845345Z",
47	····················"iopub.status.busy":·"2025-03-31T12:10:18.~~9200~~09Z",	47	····················"iopub.status.busy":·"2026-05-03T19:44:33.845105Z",
48	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2025-03-31T12:10:19.~~702~~226Z",	48	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.235274Z",
49	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2025-03-31T12:10:19.~~701242~~Z"	49	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.234607Z"
50	················},	50	················},
51	················"nbsphinx":·"hidden"	51	················"nbsphinx":·"hidden"
52	············},	52	············},
53	············"outputs":·[],	53	············"outputs":·[],
54	············"source":·[	54	············"source":·[
55	················"import·matplotlib.pyplot\n",	55	················"import·matplotlib.pyplot\n",
56	················"#·We·have·this·here·to·trigger·matplotlib's·font·cache·stuff.\n",	56	················"#·We·have·this·here·to·trigger·matplotlib's·font·cache·stuff.\n",
Offset 77, 36 lines modified		Offset 77, 36 lines modified
77	············]	77	············]
78	········},	78	········},
79	········{	79	········{
80	············"cell_type":·"code",	80	············"cell_type":·"code",
81	············"execution_count":·2,	81	············"execution_count":·2,
82	············"metadata":·{	82	············"metadata":·{
83	················"execution":·{	83	················"execution":·{
84	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2025-03-31T12:10:19.~~705~~752Z",	84	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.237753Z",
85	····················"iopub.status.busy":·"2025-03-31T12:10:19.~~705364~~Z",	85	····················"iopub.status.busy":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.237445Z",
86	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.318~~721~~Z",	86	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.528179Z",
87	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.317763Z"	87	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.527483Z"
88	················}	88	················}
89	············},	89	············},
90	············"outputs":·[],	90	············"outputs":·[],
91	············"source":·[	91	············"source":·[
92	················"import·pandas·as·pd\n",	92	················"import·pandas·as·pd\n",
93	················"import·numpy·as·np\n",	93	················"import·numpy·as·np\n",
94	················"import·matplotlib·as·mpl\n"	94	················"import·matplotlib·as·mpl\n"
95	············]	95	············]
96	········},	96	········},
97	········{	97	········{
98	············"cell_type":·"code",	98	············"cell_type":·"code",
99	············"execution_count":·3,	99	············"execution_count":·3,
100	············"metadata":·{	100	············"metadata":·{
101	················"execution":·{	101	················"execution":·{
102	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.~~322096~~Z",	102	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.530470Z",
103	····················"iopub.status.busy":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.321680Z",	103	····················"iopub.status.busy":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.530173Z",
104	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.~~425042~~Z",	104	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.587165Z",
105	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.~~424082~~Z"	105	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.586556Z"
106	················},	106	················},
107	················"nbsphinx":·"hidden"	107	················"nbsphinx":·"hidden"
108	············},	108	············},
109	············"outputs":·[],	109	············"outputs":·[],
110	············"source":·[	110	············"source":·[
111	················"#·For·reproducibility·-·this·doesn't·respect·uuid_len·or·positionally-passed·uuid·but·the·places·here·that·use·that·coincidentally·bypass·this·anyway\n",	111	················"#·For·reproducibility·-·this·doesn't·respect·uuid_len·or·positionally-passed·uuid·but·the·places·here·that·use·that·coincidentally·bypass·this·anyway\n",
112	················"from·pandas.io.formats.style·import·Styler\n",	112	················"from·pandas.io.formats.style·import·Styler\n",
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123	············]	123	············]
124	········},	124	········},
125	········{	125	········{
126	············"cell_type":·"code",	126	············"cell_type":·"code",
127	············"execution_count":·4,	127	············"execution_count":·4,
128	············"metadata":·{	128	············"metadata":·{
129	················"execution":·{	129	················"execution":·{
130	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.~~428297~~Z",	130	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.589156Z",
131	····················"iopub.status.busy":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.~~427918~~Z",	131	····················"iopub.status.busy":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.588867Z",
132	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.~~440~~991Z",	132	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.597950Z",
133	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.~~440123~~Z"	133	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.597355Z"
134	················}	134	················}
135	············},	135	············},
136	············"outputs":·[	136	············"outputs":·[
137	················{	137	················{
138	····················"data":·{	138	····················"data":·{
139	························"text/html":·[	139	························"text/html":·[
140	····························"<style·type=\"text/css\">\n",	140	····························"<style·type=\"text/css\">\n",
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193	············]	193	············]
194	········},	194	········},
195	········{	195	········{
196	············"cell_type":·"code",	196	············"cell_type":·"code",
197	············"execution_count":·5,	197	············"execution_count":·5,
198	············"metadata":·{	198	············"metadata":·{
199	················"execution":·{	199	················"execution":·{
200	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.499714Z",	200	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.631970Z",
201	····················"iopub.status.busy":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.~~499332~~Z",	201	····················"iopub.status.busy":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.631728Z",
202	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.514223Z",	202	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.642471Z",
203	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.~~513357~~Z"	203	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.641896Z"
204	················}	204	················}
205	············},	205	············},
206	············"outputs":·[	206	············"outputs":·[
207	················{	207	················{
208	····················"data":·{	208	····················"data":·{
209	························"text/html":·[	209	························"text/html":·[
210	····························"<div>\n",	210	····························"<div>\n",
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327	············]	327	············]
328	········},	328	········},
329	········{	329	········{
330	············"cell_type":·"code",	330	············"cell_type":·"code",
331	············"execution_count":·6,	331	············"execution_count":·6,
332	············"metadata":·{	332	············"metadata":·{
333	················"execution":·{	333	················"execution":·{
334	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.~~517181~~Z",	334	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.644317Z",
335	····················"iopub.status.busy":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.~~5168~~75Z",	335	····················"iopub.status.busy":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.644077Z",
336	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.5~~306~~62Z",	336	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.654716Z",
337	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.~~52981~~0Z"	337	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.654140Z"
338	················}	338	················}
339	············},	339	············},
340	············"outputs":·[	340	············"outputs":·[
341	················{	341	················{
342	····················"data":·{	342	····················"data":·{
343	························"text/html":·[	343	························"text/html":·[
344	····························"<style·type=\"text/css\">\n",	344	····························"<style·type=\"text/css\">\n",
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448	············]	448	············]
449	········},	449	········},
450	········{	450	········{
451	············"cell_type":·"code",	451	············"cell_type":·"code",
452	············"execution_count":·7,	452	············"execution_count":·7,
453	············"metadata":·{	453	············"metadata":·{
454	················"execution":·{	454	················"execution":·{
455	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.~~533464~~Z",	455	····················"iopub.execute_input":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.656598Z",
456	····················"iopub.status.busy":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.533160Z",	456	····················"iopub.status.busy":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.656364Z",
457	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.543~~093~~Z",	457	····················"iopub.status.idle":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.663708Z",
458	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2025-03-31T12:10:20.~~542248~~Z"	458	····················"shell.execute_reply":·"2026-05-03T19:44:34.663130Z"
459	················}	459	················}
460	············},	460	············},
461	············"outputs":·[	461	············"outputs":·[
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Offset 267, 61 lines modified		Offset 267, 63 lines modified
267	sampling,·and·for·setting·seed·values·to·facilitate·replication.·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x82_\x84_\x81_\x89)	267	sampling,·and·for·setting·seed·values·to·facilitate·replication.·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x82_\x84_\x81_\x89)
268	In·[1]:·example_series·=·pd.Series([0,·1,·2,·3,·4,·5])	268	In·[1]:·example_series·=·pd.Series([0,·1,·2,·3,·4,·5])

269	#·When·no·arguments·are·passed,·returns·1	269	#·When·no·arguments·are·passed,·returns·1
270	In·[2]:·example_series.sample()	270	In·[2]:·example_series.sample()
271	Out[2]:	271	Out[2]:
272	3····3	272	3····3
273	dtype:·int64	273	Length:·1,·dtype:·int64

274	#·One·may·specify·either·a·number·of·rows:	274	#·One·may·specify·either·a·number·of·rows:
275	In·[3]:·example_series.sample(n=3)	275	In·[3]:·example_series.sample(n=3)
276	Out[3]:	276	Out[3]:
277	2····2	277	2····2
278	1····1	278	1····1
279	0····0	279	0····0
280	dtype:·int64	280	Length:·3,·dtype:·int64

281	#·Or·a·fraction·of·the·rows:	281	#·Or·a·fraction·of·the·rows:
282	In·[4]:·example_series.sample(frac=0.5)	282	In·[4]:·example_series.sample(frac=0.5)
283	Out[4]:	283	Out[4]:
284	1····1	284	1····1
285	5····5	285	5····5
286	3····3	286	3····3
287	dtype:·int64	287	Length:·3,·dtype:·int64

288	#·weights·are·accepted.	288	#·weights·are·accepted.
289	In·[5]:·example_weights·=·[0,·0,·0.2,·0.2,·0.2,·0.4]	289	In·[5]:·example_weights·=·[0,·0,·0.2,·0.2,·0.2,·0.4]

290	In·[6]:·example_series.sample(n=3,·weights=example_weights)	290	In·[6]:·example_series.sample(n=3,·weights=example_weights)
291	Out[6]:	291	Out[6]:
292	2····2	292	2····2
293	4····4	293	4····4
294	3····3	294	3····3
295	dtype:·int64	295	Length:·3,·dtype:·int64

296	#·weights·will·also·be·normalized·if·they·do·not·sum·to·one,	296	#·weights·will·also·be·normalized·if·they·do·not·sum·to·one,
297	#·and·missing·values·will·be·treated·as·zeros.	297	#·and·missing·values·will·be·treated·as·zeros.
298	In·[7]:·example_weights2·=·[0.5,·0,·0,·0,·None,·np.nan]	298	In·[7]:·example_weights2·=·[0.5,·0,·0,·0,·None,·np.nan]

299	In·[8]:·example_series.sample(n=1,·weights=example_weights2)	299	In·[8]:·example_series.sample(n=1,·weights=example_weights2)
300	Out[8]:	300	Out[8]:
301	0····0	301	0····0
302	dtype:·int64	302	Length:·1,·dtype:·int64
303	When·applied·to·a·DataFrame,·one·may·pass·the·name·of·a·column·to·specify	303	When·applied·to·a·DataFrame,·one·may·pass·the·name·of·a·column·to·specify
304	sampling·weights·when·sampling·from·rows.	304	sampling·weights·when·sampling·from·rows.
305	In·[9]:·df·=·pd.DataFrame({"col1":·[9,·8,·7,·6],·"weight_column":·[0.5,·0.4,	305	In·[9]:·df·=·pd.DataFrame({"col1":·[9,·8,·7,·6],·"weight_column":·[0.5,·0.4,
306	0.1,·0]})	306	0.1,·0]})

307	In·[10]:·df.sample(n=3,·weights="weight_column")	307	In·[10]:·df.sample(n=3,·weights="weight_column")
308	Out[10]:	308	Out[10]:
309	···col1··weight_column	309	···col1··weight_column
310	0·····9············0.5	310	0·····9············0.5
311	1·····8············0.4	311	1·····8············0.4
312	2·····7············0.1	312	2·····7············0.1

		313	[3·rows·x·2·columns]
313	\x8\x8\x8\x8·S\x8St\x8tr\x8ri\x8in\x8ng\x8g·m\x8me\x8et\x8th\x8ho\x8od\x8ds\x8s·e\x8en\x8nh\x8ha\x8an\x8nc\x8ce\x8em\x8me\x8en\x8nt\x8ts\x8s_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8	314	\x8\x8\x8\x8·S\x8St\x8tr\x8ri\x8in\x8ng\x8g·m\x8me\x8et\x8th\x8ho\x8od\x8ds\x8s·e\x8en\x8nh\x8ha\x8an\x8nc\x8ce\x8em\x8me\x8en\x8nt\x8ts\x8s_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8
314	_\x8C_\x8o_\x8n_\x8t_\x8i_\x8n_\x8u_\x8i_\x8n_\x8g_\x8·_\x8f_\x8r_\x8o_\x8m_\x8·_\x8v_\x80_\x8._\x81_\x86_\x8._\x80,·the·following·enhancements·make·string·operations	315	_\x8C_\x8o_\x8n_\x8t_\x8i_\x8n_\x8u_\x8i_\x8n_\x8g_\x8·_\x8f_\x8r_\x8o_\x8m_\x8·_\x8v_\x80_\x8._\x81_\x86_\x8._\x80,·the·following·enhancements·make·string·operations
315	easier·and·more·consistent·with·standard·python·string·operations.	316	easier·and·more·consistent·with·standard·python·string·operations.
316	····*·Added·StringMethods·(.str·accessor)·to·Index·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x89_\x80_\x86_\x88)	317	····*·Added·StringMethods·(.str·accessor)·to·Index·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x89_\x80_\x86_\x88)
317	······The·.str·accessor·is·now·available·for·both·Series·and·Index.	318	······The·.str·accessor·is·now·available·for·both·Series·and·Index.
318	······In·[11]:·idx·=·pd.Index(["·jack",·"jill·",·"·jesse·",·"frank"])	319	······In·[11]:·idx·=·pd.Index(["·jack",·"jill·",·"·jesse·",·"frank"])

Offset 337, 24 lines modified		Offset 339, 24 lines modified

337	······In·[15]:·s	339	······In·[15]:·s
338	······Out[15]:	340	······Out[15]:
339	······a1····0	341	······a1····0
340	······a2····1	342	······a2····1
341	······b1····2	343	······b1····2
342	······b2····3	344	······b2····3
343	······dtype:·int64	345	······Length:·4,·dtype:·int64

344	······In·[16]:·idx.str.startswith("a")	346	······In·[16]:·idx.str.startswith("a")
345	······Out[16]:·array([·True,··True,·False,·False])	347	······Out[16]:·array([·True,··True,·False,·False])

346	······In·[17]:·s[s.index.str.startswith("a")]	348	······In·[17]:·s[s.index.str.startswith("a")]
347	······Out[17]:	349	······Out[17]:
348	······a1····0	350	······a1····0
349	······a2····1	351	······a2····1
350	······dtype:·int64	352	······Length:·2,·dtype:·int64
351	····*·The·following·new·methods·are·accessible·via·.str·accessor·to·apply·the	353	····*·The·following·new·methods·are·accessible·via·.str·accessor·to·apply·the
352	······function·to·each·values.·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x89_\x87_\x86_\x86,·_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x89_\x87_\x87_\x83,·_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x81_\x80_\x80_\x83_\x81,·_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x81_\x80_\x80_\x84_\x85,·_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x81_\x80_\x80_\x85_\x82)	354	······function·to·each·values.·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x89_\x87_\x86_\x86,·_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x89_\x87_\x87_\x83,·_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x81_\x80_\x80_\x83_\x81,·_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x81_\x80_\x80_\x84_\x85,·_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x81_\x80_\x80_\x85_\x82)
353	······························M\x8Me\x8et\x8th\x8ho\x8od\x8ds\x8s	355	······························M\x8Me\x8et\x8th\x8ho\x8od\x8ds\x8s
354	······capitalize()·swapcase()·normalize()·partition()·rpartition()	356	······capitalize()·swapcase()·normalize()·partition()·rpartition()
355	······index()······rindex()···translate()	357	······index()······rindex()···translate()
356	····*·split·now·takes·expand·keyword·to·specify·whether·to·expand	358	····*·split·now·takes·expand·keyword·to·specify·whether·to·expand
357	······dimensionality.·return_type·is·deprecated.·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x89_\x88_\x84_\x87)	359	······dimensionality.·return_type·is·deprecated.·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x89_\x88_\x84_\x87)
Offset 362, 24 lines modified		Offset 364, 26 lines modified

362	······#·return·Series	364	······#·return·Series
363	······In·[19]:·s.str.split(",")	365	······In·[19]:·s.str.split(",")
364	······Out[19]:	366	······Out[19]:
365	······0····[a,·b]	367	······0····[a,·b]
366	······1····[a,·c]	368	······1····[a,·c]
367	······2····[b,·c]	369	······2····[b,·c]
368	······dtype:·object	370	······Length:·3,·dtype:·object

369	······#·return·DataFrame	371	······#·return·DataFrame
370	······In·[20]:·s.str.split(",",·expand=True)	372	······In·[20]:·s.str.split(",",·expand=True)
371	······Out[20]:	373	······Out[20]:
372	·········0··1	374	·········0··1
373	······0··a··b	375	······0··a··b
374	······1··a··c	376	······1··a··c
375	······2··b··c	377	······2··b··c

		378	······[3·rows·x·2·columns]

376	······In·[21]:·idx·=·pd.Index(["a,b",·"a,c",·"b,c"])	379	······In·[21]:·idx·=·pd.Index(["a,b",·"a,c",·"b,c"])

377	······#·return·Index	380	······#·return·Index
378	······In·[22]:·idx.str.split(",")	381	······In·[22]:·idx.str.split(",")
379	······Out[22]:·Index([['a',·'b'],·['a',·'c'],·['b',·'c']],·dtype='object')	382	······Out[22]:·Index([['a',·'b'],·['a',·'c'],·['b',·'c']],·dtype='object')

380	······#·return·MultiIndex	383	······#·return·MultiIndex
Offset 420, 14 lines modified		Offset 424, 16 lines modified

420	······In·[28]:·df.drop(["A",·"X"],·axis=1,·errors="ignore")	424	······In·[28]:·df.drop(["A",·"X"],·axis=1,·errors="ignore")
421	······Out[28]:	425	······Out[28]:
422	················B·········C	426	················B·········C
423	······0·-0.706771·-1.039575	427	······0·-0.706771·-1.039575
424	······1·-0.424972··0.567020	428	······1·-0.424972··0.567020
425	······2·-1.087401·-0.673690	429	······2·-1.087401·-0.673690

		430	······[3·rows·x·2·columns]
426	····*·Add·support·for·separating·years·and·quarters·using·dashes,·for·example	431	····*·Add·support·for·separating·years·and·quarters·using·dashes,·for·example
427	······2014-Q1.·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x89_\x86_\x88_\x88)	432	······2014-Q1.·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x89_\x86_\x88_\x88)
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222	In·[2]:·df	222	In·[2]:·df
223	Out[2]:	223	Out[2]:
224	···········A·························B·························C	224	···········A·························B·························C
225	0·2013-01-01·2013-01-01·00:00:00-05:00·2013-01-01·00:00:00+01:00	225	0·2013-01-01·2013-01-01·00:00:00-05:00·2013-01-01·00:00:00+01:00
226	1·2013-01-02·2013-01-02·00:00:00-05:00·2013-01-02·00:00:00+01:00	226	1·2013-01-02·2013-01-02·00:00:00-05:00·2013-01-02·00:00:00+01:00
227	2·2013-01-03·2013-01-03·00:00:00-05:00·2013-01-03·00:00:00+01:00	227	2·2013-01-03·2013-01-03·00:00:00-05:00·2013-01-03·00:00:00+01:00

		228	[3·rows·x·3·columns]

228	In·[3]:·df.dtypes	229	In·[3]:·df.dtypes
229	Out[3]:	230	Out[3]:
230	A················datetime64[ns]	231	A················datetime64[ns]
231	B····datetime64[ns,·US/Eastern]	232	B····datetime64[ns,·US/Eastern]
232	C···········datetime64[ns,·CET]	233	C···········datetime64[ns,·CET]
233	dtype:·object	234	Length:·3,·dtype:·object
234	In·[4]:·df.B	235	In·[4]:·df.B
235	Out[4]:	236	Out[4]:
236	0···2013-01-01·00:00:00-05:00	237	0···2013-01-01·00:00:00-05:00
237	1···2013-01-02·00:00:00-05:00	238	1···2013-01-02·00:00:00-05:00
238	2···2013-01-03·00:00:00-05:00	239	2···2013-01-03·00:00:00-05:00
239	Name:·B,·dtype:·datetime64[ns,·US/Eastern]	240	Name:·B,·Length:·3,·dtype:·datetime64[ns,·US/Eastern]

240	In·[5]:·df.B.dt.tz_localize(None)	241	In·[5]:·df.B.dt.tz_localize(None)
241	Out[5]:	242	Out[5]:
242	0···2013-01-01	243	0···2013-01-01
243	1···2013-01-02	244	1···2013-01-02
244	2···2013-01-03	245	2···2013-01-03
245	Name:·B,·dtype:·datetime64[ns]	246	Name:·B,·Length:·3,·dtype:·datetime64[ns]
246	This·uses·a·new-dtype·representation·as·well,·that·is·very·similar·in·look-and-	247	This·uses·a·new-dtype·representation·as·well,·that·is·very·similar·in·look-and-
247	feel·to·its·numpy·cousin·datetime64[ns]	248	feel·to·its·numpy·cousin·datetime64[ns]
248	In·[6]:·df["B"].dtype	249	In·[6]:·df["B"].dtype
249	Out[6]:·datetime64[ns,·US/Eastern]	250	Out[6]:·datetime64[ns,·US/Eastern]

250	In·[7]:·type(df["B"].dtype)	251	In·[7]:·type(df["B"].dtype)
251	Out[7]:·pandas.core.dtypes.dtypes.DatetimeTZDtype	252	Out[7]:·pandas.core.dtypes.dtypes.DatetimeTZDtype
Offset 324, 64 lines modified		Offset 326, 64 lines modified

324	In·[14]:·s	326	In·[14]:·s
325	Out[14]:	327	Out[14]:
326	0···2013-01-01	328	0···2013-01-01
327	1···2013-01-02	329	1···2013-01-02
328	2···2013-01-03	330	2···2013-01-03
329	3···2013-01-04	331	3···2013-01-04
330	dtype:·datetime64[ns]	332	Length:·4,·dtype:·datetime64[ns]

331	In·[15]:·s.dt.strftime("%Y/%m/%d")	333	In·[15]:·s.dt.strftime("%Y/%m/%d")
332	Out[15]:	334	Out[15]:
333	0····2013/01/01	335	0····2013/01/01
334	1····2013/01/02	336	1····2013/01/02
335	2····2013/01/03	337	2····2013/01/03
336	3····2013/01/04	338	3····2013/01/04
337	dtype:·object	339	Length:·4,·dtype:·object
338	#·PeriodIndex	340	#·PeriodIndex
339	In·[16]:·s·=·pd.Series(pd.period_range("20130101",·periods=4))	341	In·[16]:·s·=·pd.Series(pd.period_range("20130101",·periods=4))

340	In·[17]:·s	342	In·[17]:·s
341	Out[17]:	343	Out[17]:
342	0····2013-01-01	344	0····2013-01-01
343	1····2013-01-02	345	1····2013-01-02
344	2····2013-01-03	346	2····2013-01-03
345	3····2013-01-04	347	3····2013-01-04
346	dtype:·period[D]	348	Length:·4,·dtype:·period[D]

347	In·[18]:·s.dt.strftime("%Y/%m/%d")	349	In·[18]:·s.dt.strftime("%Y/%m/%d")
348	Out[18]:	350	Out[18]:
349	0····2013/01/01	351	0····2013/01/01
350	1····2013/01/02	352	1····2013/01/02
351	2····2013/01/03	353	2····2013/01/03
352	3····2013/01/04	354	3····2013/01/04
353	dtype:·object	355	Length:·4,·dtype:·object
354	The·string·format·is·as·the·python·standard·library·and·details·can·be·found	356	The·string·format·is·as·the·python·standard·library·and·details·can·be·found
355	_\x8h_\x8e_\x8r_\x8e	357	_\x8h_\x8e_\x8r_\x8e
356	\x8\x8\x8·S\x8Se\x8er\x8ri\x8ie\x8es\x8s.\x8.d\x8dt\x8t.\x8.t\x8to\x8ot\x8ta\x8al\x8l_\x8_s\x8se\x8ec\x8co\x8on\x8nd\x8ds\x8s_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8	358	\x8\x8\x8·S\x8Se\x8er\x8ri\x8ie\x8es\x8s.\x8.d\x8dt\x8t.\x8.t\x8to\x8ot\x8ta\x8al\x8l_\x8_s\x8se\x8ec\x8co\x8on\x8nd\x8ds\x8s_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8
357	pd.Series·of·type·timedelta64·has·new·method·.dt.total_seconds()·returning·the	359	pd.Series·of·type·timedelta64·has·new·method·.dt.total_seconds()·returning·the
358	duration·of·the·timedelta·in·seconds·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x81_\x80_\x88_\x81_\x87)	360	duration·of·the·timedelta·in·seconds·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x81_\x80_\x88_\x81_\x87)
359	#·TimedeltaIndex	361	#·TimedeltaIndex
360	In·[19]:·s·=·pd.Series(pd.timedelta_range("1·minutes",·periods=4))	362	In·[19]:·s·=·pd.Series(pd.timedelta_range("1·minutes",·periods=4))

361	In·[20]:·s	363	In·[20]:·s
362	Out[20]:	364	Out[20]:
363	0···0·days·00:01:00	365	0···0·days·00:01:00
364	1···1·days·00:01:00	366	1···1·days·00:01:00
365	2···2·days·00:01:00	367	2···2·days·00:01:00
366	3···3·days·00:01:00	368	3···3·days·00:01:00
367	dtype:·timedelta64[ns]	369	Length:·4,·dtype:·timedelta64[ns]

368	In·[21]:·s.dt.total_seconds()	370	In·[21]:·s.dt.total_seconds()
369	Out[21]:	371	Out[21]:
370	0········60.0	372	0········60.0
371	1·····86460.0	373	1·····86460.0
372	2····172860.0	374	2····172860.0
373	3····259260.0	375	3····259260.0
374	dtype:·float64	376	Length:·4,·dtype:·float64
375	\x8\x8\x8\x8·P\x8Pe\x8er\x8ri\x8io\x8od\x8d·f\x8fr\x8re\x8eq\x8qu\x8ue\x8en\x8nc\x8cy\x8y·e\x8en\x8nh\x8ha\x8an\x8nc\x8ce\x8em\x8me\x8en\x8nt\x8t_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8	377	\x8\x8\x8\x8·P\x8Pe\x8er\x8ri\x8io\x8od\x8d·f\x8fr\x8re\x8eq\x8qu\x8ue\x8en\x8nc\x8cy\x8y·e\x8en\x8nh\x8ha\x8an\x8nc\x8ce\x8em\x8me\x8en\x8nt\x8t_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8
376	Period,·PeriodIndex·and·period_range·can·now·accept·multiplied·freq.·Also,	378	Period,·PeriodIndex·and·period_range·can·now·accept·multiplied·freq.·Also,
377	Period.freq·and·PeriodIndex.freq·are·now·stored·as·a·DateOffset·instance·like	379	Period.freq·and·PeriodIndex.freq·are·now·stored·as·a·DateOffset·instance·like
378	DatetimeIndex,·and·not·as·str·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x87_\x88_\x81_\x81)	380	DatetimeIndex,·and·not·as·str·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x87_\x88_\x81_\x81)
379	A·multiplied·freq·represents·a·span·of·corresponding·length.·The·example·below	381	A·multiplied·freq·represents·a·span·of·corresponding·length.·The·example·below
380	creates·a·period·of·3·days.·Addition·and·subtraction·will·shift·the·period·by	382	creates·a·period·of·3·days.·Addition·and·subtraction·will·shift·the·period·by
381	its·span.	383	its·span.
Offset 447, 25 lines modified		Offset 449, 29 lines modified
447	Out[32]:	449	Out[32]:
448	col1··foo····bar	450	col1··foo····bar
449	col2····a··b···a··b	451	col2····a··b···a··b
450	i1·i2	452	i1·i2
451	j··l····1··2···3··4	453	j··l····1··2···3··4
452	···k····5··6···7··8	454	···k····5··6···7··8

		455	[2·rows·x·4·columns]

453	In·[33]:·df.to_excel("test.xlsx")	456	In·[33]:·df.to_excel("test.xlsx")

454	In·[34]:·df·=·pd.read_excel("test.xlsx",·header=[0,·1],·index_col=[0,·1])	457	In·[34]:·df·=·pd.read_excel("test.xlsx",·header=[0,·1],·index_col=[0,·1])

455	In·[35]:·df	458	In·[35]:·df
456	Out[35]:	459	Out[35]:
457	col1··foo····bar	460	col1··foo····bar
458	col2····a··b···a··b	461	col2····a··b···a··b
459	i1·i2	462	i1·i2
460	j··l····1··2···3··4	463	j··l····1··2···3··4
461	···k····5··6···7··8	464	···k····5··6···7··8

		465	[2·rows·x·4·columns]
462	Previously,·it·was·necessary·to·specify·the·has_index_names·argument·in	466	Previously,·it·was·necessary·to·specify·the·has_index_names·argument·in
463	read_excel,·if·the·serialized·data·had·index·names.·For·version·0.17.0·the	467	read_excel,·if·the·serialized·data·had·index·names.·For·version·0.17.0·the
464	output·format·of·to_excel·has·been·changed·to·make·this·keyword·unnecessary·-	468	output·format·of·to_excel·has·been·changed·to·make·this·keyword·unnecessary·-
465	the·change·is·shown·below.	469	the·change·is·shown·below.
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Offset 229, 47 lines modified		Offset 229, 47 lines modified

229	······In·[10]:·s	229	······In·[10]:·s
230	······Out[10]:	230	······Out[10]:
231	······0····a	231	······0····a
232	······1····a	232	······1····a
233	······2····b	233	······2····b
234	······3····b	234	······3····b
235	······dtype:·category	235	······Length:·4,·dtype:·category
236	······Categories·(2,·object):·['a',·'b']	236	······Categories·(2,·object):·['a',·'b']

237	······In·[11]:·s.str.contains("a")	237	······In·[11]:·s.str.contains("a")
238	······Out[11]:	238	······Out[11]:
239	······0·····True	239	······0·····True
240	······1·····True	240	······1·····True
241	······2····False	241	······2····False
242	······3····False	242	······3····False
243	······dtype:·bool	243	······Length:·4,·dtype:·bool

244	······In·[12]:·date·=·pd.Series(pd.date_range("1/1/2015",·periods=5)).astype	244	······In·[12]:·date·=·pd.Series(pd.date_range("1/1/2015",·periods=5)).astype
245	······("category")	245	······("category")

246	······In·[13]:·date	246	······In·[13]:·date
247	······Out[13]:	247	······Out[13]:
248	······0···2015-01-01	248	······0···2015-01-01
249	······1···2015-01-02	249	······1···2015-01-02
250	······2···2015-01-03	250	······2···2015-01-03
251	······3···2015-01-04	251	······3···2015-01-04
252	······4···2015-01-05	252	······4···2015-01-05
253	······dtype:·category	253	······Length:·5,·dtype:·category
254	······Categories·(5,·datetime64[ns]):·[2015-01-01,·2015-01-02,·2015-01-03,	254	······Categories·(5,·datetime64[ns]):·[2015-01-01,·2015-01-02,·2015-01-03,
255	······2015-01-04,·2015-01-05]	255	······2015-01-04,·2015-01-05]

256	······In·[14]:·date.dt.day	256	······In·[14]:·date.dt.day
257	······Out[14]:	257	······Out[14]:
258	······0····1	258	······0····1
259	······1····2	259	······1····2
260	······2····3	260	······2····3
261	······3····4	261	······3····4
262	······4····5	262	······4····5
263	······dtype:·int32	263	······Length:·5,·dtype:·int32
264	····*·pivot_table·now·has·a·margins_name·argument·so·you·can·use·something	264	····*·pivot_table·now·has·a·margins_name·argument·so·you·can·use·something
265	······other·than·the·default·of·‘All’·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x83_\x83_\x83_\x85)	265	······other·than·the·default·of·‘All’·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x83_\x83_\x83_\x85)
266	····*·Implement·export·of·datetime64[ns,·tz]·dtypes·with·a·fixed·HDF5·store·(_\x8G_\x8H	266	····*·Implement·export·of·datetime64[ns,·tz]·dtypes·with·a·fixed·HDF5·store·(_\x8G_\x8H
267	······_\x81_\x81_\x84_\x81_\x81)	267	······_\x81_\x81_\x84_\x81_\x81)
268	····*·Pretty·printing·sets·(e.g.·in·DataFrame·cells)·now·uses·set·literal	268	····*·Pretty·printing·sets·(e.g.·in·DataFrame·cells)·now·uses·set·literal
269	······syntax·({x,·y})·instead·of·Legacy·Python·syntax·(set([x,·y]))·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x81_\x81_\x82_\x81_\x85)	269	······syntax·({x,·y})·instead·of·Legacy·Python·syntax·(set([x,·y]))·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x81_\x81_\x82_\x81_\x85)
270	····*·Improve·the·error·message·in·pandas.io.gbq.to_gbq()·when·a·streaming	270	····*·Improve·the·error·message·in·pandas.io.gbq.to_gbq()·when·a·streaming

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Offset 199, 14 lines modified		Offset 199, 16 lines modified
199	3··3·-0.312652	199	3··3·-0.312652
200	4··4·-0.720589	200	4··4·-0.720589
201	5··5··0.887163	201	5··5··0.887163
202	6··6··0.859588	202	6··6··0.859588
203	7··7·-0.636524	203	7··7·-0.636524
204	8··8··0.015696	204	8··8··0.015696
205	9··9·-2.242685	205	9··9·-2.242685

		206	[10·rows·x·2·columns]
206	Previous·behavior:	207	Previous·behavior:
207	In·[8]:·pd.rolling_mean(df,·window=3)	208	In·[8]:·pd.rolling_mean(df,·window=3)
208	········FutureWarning:·pd.rolling_mean·is·deprecated·for·DataFrame·and·will·be	209	········FutureWarning:·pd.rolling_mean·is·deprecated·for·DataFrame·and·will·be
209	removed·in·a·future·version,·replace·with	210	removed·in·a·future·version,·replace·with
210	·······················DataFrame.rolling(window=3,center=False).mean()	211	·······················DataFrame.rolling(window=3,center=False).mean()
211	Out[8]:	212	Out[8]:
212	····A·········B	213	····A·········B
Offset 241, 28 lines modified		Offset 243, 30 lines modified
241	3··2.0·-0.023640	243	3··2.0·-0.023640
242	4··3.0··0.133155	244	4··3.0··0.133155
243	5··4.0·-0.048693	245	5··4.0·-0.048693
244	6··5.0··0.342054	246	6··5.0··0.342054
245	7··6.0··0.370076	247	7··6.0··0.370076
246	8··7.0··0.079587	248	8··7.0··0.079587
247	9··8.0·-0.954504	249	9··8.0·-0.954504

		250	[10·rows·x·2·columns]
248	They·provide·getitem·accessors	251	They·provide·getitem·accessors
249	In·[7]:·r['A'].mean()	252	In·[7]:·r['A'].mean()
250	Out[7]:	253	Out[7]:
251	0····NaN	254	0····NaN
252	1····NaN	255	1····NaN
253	2····1.0	256	2····1.0
254	3····2.0	257	3····2.0
255	4····3.0	258	4····3.0
256	5····4.0	259	5····4.0
257	6····5.0	260	6····5.0
258	7····6.0	261	7····6.0
259	8····7.0	262	8····7.0
260	9····8.0	263	9····8.0
261	Name:·A,·dtype:·float64	264	Name:·A,·Length:·10,·dtype:·float64
262	And·multiple·aggregations	265	And·multiple·aggregations
263	In·[8]:·r.agg({'A':·['mean',·'std'],	266	In·[8]:·r.agg({'A':·['mean',·'std'],
264	···...:········'B':·['mean',·'std']})	267	···...:········'B':·['mean',·'std']})
265	···...:	268	···...:
266	Out[8]:	269	Out[8]:
267	·····A··············B	270	·····A··············B
268	··mean··std······mean·······std	271	··mean··std······mean·······std
Offset 272, 41 lines modified		Offset 276, 45 lines modified
272	3··2.0··1.0·-0.023640··1.335505	276	3··2.0··1.0·-0.023640··1.335505
273	4··3.0··1.0··0.133155··1.143778	277	4··3.0··1.0··0.133155··1.143778
274	5··4.0··1.0·-0.048693··0.835747	278	5··4.0··1.0·-0.048693··0.835747
275	6··5.0··1.0··0.342054··0.920379	279	6··5.0··1.0··0.342054··0.920379
276	7··6.0··1.0··0.370076··0.871850	280	7··6.0··1.0··0.370076··0.871850
277	8··7.0··1.0··0.079587··0.750099	281	8··7.0··1.0··0.079587··0.750099
278	9··8.0··1.0·-0.954504··1.162285	282	9··8.0··1.0·-0.954504··1.162285

		283	[10·rows·x·4·columns]
279	\x8\x8\x8\x8·C\x8Ch\x8ha\x8an\x8ng\x8ge\x8es\x8s·t\x8to\x8o·r\x8re\x8en\x8na\x8am\x8me\x8e_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8	284	\x8\x8\x8\x8·C\x8Ch\x8ha\x8an\x8ng\x8ge\x8es\x8s·t\x8to\x8o·r\x8re\x8en\x8na\x8am\x8me\x8e_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8
280	Series.rename·and·NDFrame.rename_axis·can·now·take·a·scalar·or·list-like	285	Series.rename·and·NDFrame.rename_axis·can·now·take·a·scalar·or·list-like
281	argument·for·altering·the·Series·or·axis·n\x8na\x8am\x8me\x8e,·in·addition·to·their·old	286	argument·for·altering·the·Series·or·axis·n\x8na\x8am\x8me\x8e,·in·addition·to·their·old
282	behaviors·of·altering·labels.·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x89_\x84_\x89_\x84,·_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x81_\x81_\x89_\x86_\x85)	287	behaviors·of·altering·labels.·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x89_\x84_\x89_\x84,·_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x81_\x81_\x89_\x86_\x85)
283	In·[9]:·s·=·pd.Series(np.random.randn(5))	288	In·[9]:·s·=·pd.Series(np.random.randn(5))

284	In·[10]:·s.rename('newname')	289	In·[10]:·s.rename('newname')
285	Out[10]:	290	Out[10]:
286	0····1.150036	291	0····1.150036
287	1····0.991946	292	1····0.991946
288	2····0.953324	293	2····0.953324
289	3···-2.021255	294	3···-2.021255
290	4···-0.334077	295	4···-0.334077
291	Name:·newname,·dtype:·float64	296	Name:·newname,·Length:·5,·dtype:·float64
292	In·[11]:·df·=·pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(5,·2))	297	In·[11]:·df·=·pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(5,·2))

293	In·[12]:·(df.rename_axis("indexname")	298	In·[12]:·(df.rename_axis("indexname")
294	···....:····.rename_axis("columns_name",·axis="columns"))	299	···....:····.rename_axis("columns_name",·axis="columns"))
295	···....:	300	···....:
296	Out[12]:	301	Out[12]:
297	columns_name·········0·········1	302	columns_name·········0·········1
298	indexname	303	indexname
299	0·············0.002118··0.405453	304	0·············0.002118··0.405453
300	1·············0.289092··1.321158	305	1·············0.289092··1.321158
301	2············-1.546906·-0.202646	306	2············-1.546906·-0.202646
302	3············-0.655969··0.193421	307	3············-0.655969··0.193421
303	4·············0.553439··1.318152	308	4·············0.553439··1.318152

		309	[5·rows·x·2·columns]
304	The·new·functionality·works·well·in·method·chains.·Previously·these·methods	310	The·new·functionality·works·well·in·method·chains.·Previously·these·methods
305	only·accepted·functions·or·dicts·mapping·a·l\x8la\x8ab\x8be\x8el\x8l·to·a·new·label.·This·continues	311	only·accepted·functions·or·dicts·mapping·a·l\x8la\x8ab\x8be\x8el\x8l·to·a·new·label.·This·continues
306	to·work·as·before·for·function·or·dict-like·values.	312	to·work·as·before·for·function·or·dict-like·values.
307	\x8\x8\x8\x8·R\x8Ra\x8an\x8ng\x8ge\x8e·I\x8In\x8nd\x8de\x8ex\x8x_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8	313	\x8\x8\x8\x8·R\x8Ra\x8an\x8ng\x8ge\x8e·I\x8In\x8nd\x8de\x8ex\x8x_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8
308	A·RangeIndex·has·been·added·to·the·Int64Index·sub-classes·to·support·a·memory	314	A·RangeIndex·has·been·added·to·the·Int64Index·sub-classes·to·support·a·memory
309	saving·alternative·for·common·use·cases.·This·has·a·similar·implementation·to	315	saving·alternative·for·common·use·cases.·This·has·a·similar·implementation·to
310	the·python·range·object·(xrange·in·python·2),·in·that·it·only·stores·the·start,	316	the·python·range·object·(xrange·in·python·2),·in·that·it·only·stores·the·start,
Offset 359, 22 lines modified		Offset 367, 24 lines modified
359	Extracting·a·regular·expression·with·one·group·returns·a·Series·if	367	Extracting·a·regular·expression·with·one·group·returns·a·Series·if
360	expand=False.	368	expand=False.
361	In·[16]:·pd.Series(['a1',·'b2',·'c3']).str.extract(r'[ab](\d)',·expand=False)	369	In·[16]:·pd.Series(['a1',·'b2',·'c3']).str.extract(r'[ab](\d)',·expand=False)
362	Out[16]:	370	Out[16]:
363	0······1	371	0······1
364	1······2	372	1······2
365	2····NaN	373	2····NaN
366	dtype:·object	374	Length:·3,·dtype:·object
367	It·returns·a·DataFrame·with·one·column·if·expand=True.	375	It·returns·a·DataFrame·with·one·column·if·expand=True.
368	In·[17]:·pd.Series(['a1',·'b2',·'c3']).str.extract(r'[ab](\d)',·expand=True)	376	In·[17]:·pd.Series(['a1',·'b2',·'c3']).str.extract(r'[ab](\d)',·expand=True)
369	Out[17]:	377	Out[17]:
370	·····0	378	·····0
371	0····1	379	0····1
372	1····2	380	1····2
373	2··NaN	381	2··NaN

		382	[3·rows·x·1·columns]
374	Calling·on·an·Index·with·a·regex·with·exactly·one·capture·group·returns·an	383	Calling·on·an·Index·with·a·regex·with·exactly·one·capture·group·returns·an
375	Index·if·expand=False.	384	Index·if·expand=False.
376	In·[18]:·s·=·pd.Series(["a1",·"b2",·"c3"],·["A11",·"B22",·"C33"])	385	In·[18]:·s·=·pd.Series(["a1",·"b2",·"c3"],·["A11",·"B22",·"C33"])

377	In·[19]:·s.index	386	In·[19]:·s.index
378	Out[19]:·Index(['A11',·'B22',·'C33'],·dtype='object')	387	Out[19]:·Index(['A11',·'B22',·'C33'],·dtype='object')

Offset 383, 53 lines modified		Offset 393, 61 lines modified
383	It·returns·a·DataFrame·with·one·column·if·expand=True.	393	It·returns·a·DataFrame·with·one·column·if·expand=True.
384	In·[21]:·s.index.str.extract("(?P<letter>[a-zA-Z])",·expand=True)	394	In·[21]:·s.index.str.extract("(?P<letter>[a-zA-Z])",·expand=True)
385	Out[21]:	395	Out[21]:
386	··letter	396	··letter
387	0······A	397	0······A
388	1······B	398	1······B
389	2······C	399	2······C

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Offset 173, 15 lines modified		Offset 173, 15 lines modified

173	In·[5]:·dt·=·datetime.datetime(2014,·1,·17,·15)	173	In·[5]:·dt·=·datetime.datetime(2014,·1,·17,·15)

174	In·[6]:·dt·+·bhour_us	174	In·[6]:·dt·+·bhour_us
175	Out[6]:·Timestamp('2014-01-17·16:00:00')	175	Out[6]:·Timestamp('2014-01-17·16:00:00')
176	Tuesday·after·MLK·Day·(Monday·is·skipped·because·it’s·a·holiday)	176	Tuesday·after·MLK·Day·(Monday·is·skipped·because·it’s·a·holiday)
177	In·[7]:·dt·+·bhour_us·*·2	177	In·[7]:·dt·+·bhour_us·*·2
178	Out[7]:·Timestamp('2014-01-21·09:00:00')	178	Out[7]:·Timestamp('2014-01-20·09:00:00')
179	\x8\x8\x8\x8·M\x8Me\x8et\x8th\x8ho\x8od\x8d·.\x8.g\x8gr\x8ro\x8ou\x8up\x8pb\x8by\x8y(\x8(.\x8..\x8.)\x8)·s\x8sy\x8yn\x8nt\x8ta\x8ax\x8x·w\x8wi\x8it\x8th\x8h·w\x8wi\x8in\x8nd\x8do\x8ow\x8w·a\x8an\x8nd\x8d·r\x8re\x8es\x8sa\x8am\x8mp\x8pl\x8le\x8e·o\x8op\x8pe\x8er\x8ra\x8at\x8ti\x8io\x8on\x8ns\x8s_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8	179	\x8\x8\x8\x8·M\x8Me\x8et\x8th\x8ho\x8od\x8d·.\x8.g\x8gr\x8ro\x8ou\x8up\x8pb\x8by\x8y(\x8(.\x8..\x8.)\x8)·s\x8sy\x8yn\x8nt\x8ta\x8ax\x8x·w\x8wi\x8it\x8th\x8h·w\x8wi\x8in\x8nd\x8do\x8ow\x8w·a\x8an\x8nd\x8d·r\x8re\x8es\x8sa\x8am\x8mp\x8pl\x8le\x8e·o\x8op\x8pe\x8er\x8ra\x8at\x8ti\x8io\x8on\x8ns\x8s_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8
180	.groupby(...)·has·been·enhanced·to·provide·convenient·syntax·when·working·with	180	.groupby(...)·has·been·enhanced·to·provide·convenient·syntax·when·working·with
181	.rolling(..),·.expanding(..)·and·.resample(..)·per·group,·see·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x81_\x82_\x84_\x88_\x86,·_\x8G_\x8H	181	.rolling(..),·.expanding(..)·and·.resample(..)·per·group,·see·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x81_\x82_\x84_\x88_\x86,·_\x8G_\x8H
182	_\x81_\x82_\x87_\x83_\x88).	182	_\x81_\x82_\x87_\x83_\x88).
183	You·can·now·use·.rolling(..)·and·.expanding(..)·as·methods·on·groupbys.·These	183	You·can·now·use·.rolling(..)·and·.expanding(..)·as·methods·on·groupbys.·These
184	return·another·deferred·object·(similar·to·what·.rolling()·and·.expanding()·do	184	return·another·deferred·object·(similar·to·what·.rolling()·and·.expanding()·do
185	on·ungrouped·pandas·objects).·You·can·then·operate·on·these·RollingGroupby	185	on·ungrouped·pandas·objects).·You·can·then·operate·on·these·RollingGroupby
Offset 281, 14 lines modified		Offset 281, 16 lines modified
281	Out[12]:	281	Out[12]:
282	············group··val	282	············group··val
283	date	283	date
284	2016-01-03······1····5	284	2016-01-03······1····5
285	2016-01-10······1····6	285	2016-01-10······1····6
286	2016-01-17······2····7	286	2016-01-17······2····7
287	2016-01-24······2····8	287	2016-01-24······2····8

		288	[4·rows·x·2·columns]
288	In[1]:·df.groupby("group").apply(lambda·x:·x.resample("1D").ffill())	289	In[1]:·df.groupby("group").apply(lambda·x:·x.resample("1D").ffill())
289	Out[1]:	290	Out[1]:
290	··················group··val	291	··················group··val
291	group·date	292	group·date
292	1·····2016-01-03······1····5	293	1·····2016-01-03······1····5
293	······2016-01-04······1····5	294	······2016-01-04······1····5
294	······2016-01-05······1····5	295	······2016-01-05······1····5
Offset 338, 41 lines modified		Offset 340, 47 lines modified

338	In·[14]:·df.where(lambda·x:·x·>·4,·lambda·x:·x·+·10)	340	In·[14]:·df.where(lambda·x:·x·>·4,·lambda·x:·x·+·10)
339	Out[14]:	341	Out[14]:
340	····A···B··C	342	····A···B··C
341	0··11··14··7	343	0··11··14··7
342	1··12···5··8	344	1··12···5··8
343	2··13···6··9	345	2··13···6··9

		346	[3·rows·x·3·columns]
344	\x8\x8\x8·M\x8Me\x8et\x8th\x8ho\x8od\x8ds\x8s·.\x8.l\x8lo\x8oc\x8c[\x8[]\x8],\x8,·.\x8.i\x8il\x8lo\x8oc\x8c[\x8[]\x8],\x8,·.\x8.i\x8ix\x8x[\x8[]\x8]_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8	347	\x8\x8\x8·M\x8Me\x8et\x8th\x8ho\x8od\x8ds\x8s·.\x8.l\x8lo\x8oc\x8c[\x8[]\x8],\x8,·.\x8.i\x8il\x8lo\x8oc\x8c[\x8[]\x8],\x8,·.\x8.i\x8ix\x8x[\x8[]\x8]_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8
345	These·can·accept·a·callable,·and·a·tuple·of·callable·as·a·slicer.·The·callable	348	These·can·accept·a·callable,·and·a·tuple·of·callable·as·a·slicer.·The·callable
346	can·return·a·valid·boolean·indexer·or·anything·which·is·valid·for·these	349	can·return·a·valid·boolean·indexer·or·anything·which·is·valid·for·these
347	indexer’s·input.	350	indexer’s·input.
348	#·callable·returns·bool·indexer	351	#·callable·returns·bool·indexer
349	In·[15]:·df.loc[lambda·x:·x.A·>=·2,·lambda·x:·x.sum()·>·10]	352	In·[15]:·df.loc[lambda·x:·x.A·>=·2,·lambda·x:·x.sum()·>·10]
350	Out[15]:	353	Out[15]:
351	···B··C	354	···B··C
352	1··5··8	355	1··5··8
353	2··6··9	356	2··6··9

		357	[2·rows·x·2·columns]

354	#·callable·returns·list·of·labels	358	#·callable·returns·list·of·labels
355	In·[16]:·df.loc[lambda·x:·[1,·2],·lambda·x:·["A",·"B"]]	359	In·[16]:·df.loc[lambda·x:·[1,·2],·lambda·x:·["A",·"B"]]
356	Out[16]:	360	Out[16]:
357	···A··B	361	···A··B
358	1··2··5	362	1··2··5
359	2··3··6	363	2··3··6

		364	[2·rows·x·2·columns]
360	\x8\x8\x8·I\x8In\x8nd\x8de\x8ex\x8xi\x8in\x8ng\x8g·w\x8wi\x8it\x8th\x8h·[\x8[]\x8]_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8	365	\x8\x8\x8·I\x8In\x8nd\x8de\x8ex\x8xi\x8in\x8ng\x8g·w\x8wi\x8it\x8th\x8h·[\x8[]\x8]_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8
361	Finally,·you·can·use·a·callable·in·[]·indexing·of·Series,·DataFrame·and·Panel.	366	Finally,·you·can·use·a·callable·in·[]·indexing·of·Series,·DataFrame·and·Panel.
362	The·callable·must·return·a·valid·input·for·[]·indexing·depending·on·its·class	367	The·callable·must·return·a·valid·input·for·[]·indexing·depending·on·its·class
363	and·index·type.	368	and·index·type.
364	In·[17]:·df[lambda·x:·"A"]	369	In·[17]:·df[lambda·x:·"A"]
365	Out[17]:	370	Out[17]:
366	0····1	371	0····1
367	1····2	372	1····2
368	2····3	373	2····3
369	Name:·A,·dtype:·int64	374	Name:·A,·Length:·3,·dtype:·int64
370	Using·these·methods·/·indexers,·you·can·chain·data·selection·operations·without	375	Using·these·methods·/·indexers,·you·can·chain·data·selection·operations·without
371	using·temporary·variable.	376	using·temporary·variable.
372	In·[18]:·bb·=·pd.read_csv("data/baseball.csv",·index_col="id")	377	In·[18]:·bb·=·pd.read_csv("data/baseball.csv",·index_col="id")

373	In·[19]:·(bb.groupby(["year",·"team"]).sum(numeric_only=True).loc[lambda·df:	378	In·[19]:·(bb.groupby(["year",·"team"]).sum(numeric_only=True).loc[lambda·df:
374	df.r·>·100])	379	df.r·>·100])
375	Out[19]:	380	Out[19]:
Offset 478, 26 lines modified		Offset 486, 28 lines modified
478	···....:	486	···....:

479	In·[21]:·df	487	In·[21]:·df
480	Out[21]:	488	Out[21]:
481	···year··month··day··hour	489	···year··month··day··hour
482	0··2015······2····4·····2	490	0··2015······2····4·····2
483	1··2016······3····5·····3	491	1··2016······3····5·····3

		492	[2·rows·x·4·columns]
484	Assembling·using·the·passed·frame.	493	Assembling·using·the·passed·frame.
485	In·[22]:·pd.to_datetime(df)	494	In·[22]:·pd.to_datetime(df)
486	Out[22]:	495	Out[22]:
487	0···2015-02-04·02:00:00	496	0···2015-02-04·02:00:00
488	1···2016-03-05·03:00:00	497	1···2016-03-05·03:00:00
489	dtype:·datetime64[ns]	498	Length:·2,·dtype:·datetime64[ns]
490	You·can·pass·only·the·columns·that·you·need·to·assemble.	499	You·can·pass·only·the·columns·that·you·need·to·assemble.
491	In·[23]:·pd.to_datetime(df[["year",·"month",·"day"]])	500	In·[23]:·pd.to_datetime(df[["year",·"month",·"day"]])
492	Out[23]:	501	Out[23]:
493	0···2015-02-04	502	0···2015-02-04
494	1···2016-03-05	503	1···2016-03-05
495	dtype:·datetime64[ns]	504	Length:·2,·dtype:·datetime64[ns]
496	\x8\x8\x8\x8·O\x8Ot\x8th\x8he\x8er\x8r·e\x8en\x8nh\x8ha\x8an\x8nc\x8ce\x8em\x8me\x8en\x8nt\x8ts\x8s_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8	505	\x8\x8\x8\x8·O\x8Ot\x8th\x8he\x8er\x8r·e\x8en\x8nh\x8ha\x8an\x8nc\x8ce\x8em\x8me\x8en\x8nt\x8ts\x8s_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8
497	····*·pd.read_csv()·now·supports·delim_whitespace=True·for·the·Python·engine	506	····*·pd.read_csv()·now·supports·delim_whitespace=True·for·the·Python·engine
498	······(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x81_\x82_\x89_\x85_\x88)	507	······(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x81_\x82_\x89_\x85_\x88)
499	····*·pd.read_csv()·now·supports·opening·ZIP·files·that·contains·a·single·CSV,	508	····*·pd.read_csv()·now·supports·opening·ZIP·files·that·contains·a·single·CSV,
500	······via·extension·inference·or·explicit·compression='zip'·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x81_\x82_\x81_\x87_\x85)	509	······via·extension·inference·or·explicit·compression='zip'·(_\x8G_\x8H_\x8·_\x81_\x82_\x81_\x87_\x85)
501	····*·pd.read_csv()·now·supports·opening·files·using·xz·compression,·via	510	····*·pd.read_csv()·now·supports·opening·files·using·xz·compression,·via
502	······extension·inference·or·explicit·compression='xz'·is·specified;·xz	511	······extension·inference·or·explicit·compression='xz'·is·specified;·xz
Offset 589, 14 lines modified		Offset 599, 16 lines modified

589	In·[30]:·df	599	In·[30]:·df
590	Out[30]:	600	Out[30]:
591	···A··B	601	···A··B
592	0··a··1	602	0··a··1
593	1··b··2	603	1··b··2
594	2··a··3	604	2··a··3

		605	[3·rows·x·2·columns]
595	Previous·behavior:	606	Previous·behavior:
596	In·[3]:·df.groupby('A',·as_index=True)['B'].nth(0)	607	In·[3]:·df.groupby('A',·as_index=True)['B'].nth(0)
597	Out[3]:	608	Out[3]:
598	0····1	609	0····1
599	1····2	610	1····2
600	Name:·B,·dtype:·int64	611	Name:·B,·dtype:·int64

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Offset 268, 18 lines modified		Offset 268, 18 lines modified
268	each·time.	268	each·time.
269	In·[18]:·idx.values	269	In·[18]:·idx.values
270	Out[18]:	270	Out[18]:
271	array([Period('2000-01-01',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-02',·'D'),	271	array([Period('2000-01-01',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-02',·'D'),
272	·······Period('2000-01-03',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-04',·'D')],·dtype=object)	272	·······Period('2000-01-03',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-04',·'D')],·dtype=object)

273	In·[19]:·id(idx.values)	273	In·[19]:·id(idx.values)
274	Out[19]:·37~~7340~~6~~912~~	274	Out[19]:·3788646784

275	In·[20]:·id(idx.values)	275	In·[20]:·id(idx.values)
276	Out[20]:·3879182560	276	Out[20]:·3786966512
277	If·you·need·an·actual·NumPy·array,·use·_\x8S_\x8e_\x8r_\x8i_\x8e_\x8s_\x8._\x8t_\x8o_\x8__\x8n_\x8u_\x8m_\x8p_\x8y_\x8(_\x8)·or·Index.to_numpy().	277	If·you·need·an·actual·NumPy·array,·use·_\x8S_\x8e_\x8r_\x8i_\x8e_\x8s_\x8._\x8t_\x8o_\x8__\x8n_\x8u_\x8m_\x8p_\x8y_\x8(_\x8)·or·Index.to_numpy().
278	In·[21]:·idx.to_numpy()	278	In·[21]:·idx.to_numpy()
279	Out[21]:	279	Out[21]:
280	array([Period('2000-01-01',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-02',·'D'),	280	array([Period('2000-01-01',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-02',·'D'),
281	·······Period('2000-01-03',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-04',·'D')],·dtype=object)	281	·······Period('2000-01-03',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-04',·'D')],·dtype=object)

282	In·[22]:·pd.Series(idx).to_numpy()	282	In·[22]:·pd.Series(idx).to_numpy()


Offset 1847, 25 lines modified		Offset 1847, 25 lines modified
1847	<span·class="gp">In·[141]:·</span><span·class="n">indexer</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">np</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">arange</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="mi">10000</span><span·class="p">)</span>	1847	<span·class="gp">In·[141]:·</span><span·class="n">indexer</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">np</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">arange</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="mi">10000</span><span·class="p">)</span>

1848	<span·class="gp">In·[142]:·</span><span·class="n">random</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">shuffle</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">indexer</span><span·class="p">)</span>	1848	<span·class="gp">In·[142]:·</span><span·class="n">random</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">shuffle</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">indexer</span><span·class="p">)</span>

1849	<span·class="gp">In·[143]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·arr[indexer]	1849	<span·class="gp">In·[143]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·arr[indexer]
1850	<span·class="gp">···.....:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·arr.take(indexer,·axis=0)	1850	<span·class="gp">···.....:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·arr.take(indexer,·axis=0)
1851	<span·class="gp">···.....:·</span>	1851	<span·class="gp">···.....:·</span>
1852	<span·class="go">~~499~~·us·+-·~~2.13~~·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)</span>	1852	<span·class="go">305·us·+-·59.8·ns·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)</span>
1853	<span·class="go">~~217~~·us·+-·7.17·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)</span>	1853	<span·class="go">124·us·+-·177·ns·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10,000·loops·each)</span>
1854	</pre></div>	1854	</pre></div>
1855	</div>	1855	</div>
1856	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[144]:·</span><span·class="n">ser</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">Series</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">arr</span><span·class="p">[:,</span>·<span·class="mi">0</span><span·class="p">])</span>	1856	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[144]:·</span><span·class="n">ser</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">Series</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">arr</span><span·class="p">[:,</span>·<span·class="mi">0</span><span·class="p">])</span>

1857	<span·class="gp">In·[145]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·ser.iloc[indexer]	1857	<span·class="gp">In·[145]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·ser.iloc[indexer]
1858	<span·class="gp">···.....:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·ser.take(indexer)	1858	<span·class="gp">···.....:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·ser.take(indexer)
1859	<span·class="gp">···.....:·</span>	1859	<span·class="gp">···.....:·</span>
		1860	<span·class="go">199·us·+-·52.1·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10,000·loops·each)</span>
1860	<span·class="go">269·us·+-·~~1.2~~9·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)</span>	1861	<span·class="go">369·us·+-·63.9·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)</span>
1861	<span·class="go">259·us·+-·2.03·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)</span>
1862	</pre></div>	1862	</pre></div>
1863	</div>	1863	</div>
1864	</section>	1864	</section>
1865	<section·id="index-types">	1865	<section·id="index-types">
1866	<span·id="advanced-index-types"></span><h2>Index·types<a·class="headerlink"·href="#index-types"·title="Link·to·this·heading">#</a></h2>	1866	<span·id="advanced-index-types"></span><h2>Index·types<a·class="headerlink"·href="#index-types"·title="Link·to·this·heading">#</a></h2>
1867	<p>We·have·discussed·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">MultiIndex</span></code>·in·the·previous·sections·pretty·extensively.	1867	<p>We·have·discussed·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">MultiIndex</span></code>·in·the·previous·sections·pretty·extensively.
1868	Documentation·about·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">DatetimeIndex</span></code>·and·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">PeriodIndex</span></code>·are·shown·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="timeseries.html#timeseries-overview"><span·class="std·std-ref">here</span></a>,	1868	Documentation·about·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">DatetimeIndex</span></code>·and·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">PeriodIndex</span></code>·are·shown·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="timeseries.html#timeseries-overview"><span·class="std·std-ref">here</span></a>,


Offset 1245, 23 lines modified		Offset 1245, 23 lines modified
1245	In·[141]:·indexer·=·np.arange(10000)	1245	In·[141]:·indexer·=·np.arange(10000)

1246	In·[142]:·random.shuffle(indexer)	1246	In·[142]:·random.shuffle(indexer)

1247	In·[143]:·%timeit·arr[indexer]	1247	In·[143]:·%timeit·arr[indexer]
1248	···.....:·%timeit·arr.take(indexer,·axis=0)	1248	···.....:·%timeit·arr.take(indexer,·axis=0)
1249	···.....:	1249	···.....:
1250	~~499~~·us·+-·~~2.13~~·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)	1250	305·us·+-·59.8·ns·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)
1251	~~217~~·us·+-·7.17·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)	1251	124·us·+-·177·ns·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10,000·loops·each)
1252	In·[144]:·ser·=·pd.Series(arr[:,·0])	1252	In·[144]:·ser·=·pd.Series(arr[:,·0])

1253	In·[145]:·%timeit·ser.iloc[indexer]	1253	In·[145]:·%timeit·ser.iloc[indexer]
1254	···.....:·%timeit·ser.take(indexer)	1254	···.....:·%timeit·ser.take(indexer)
1255	···.....:	1255	···.....:
		1256	199·us·+-·52.1·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10,000·loops·each)
1256	269·us·+-·~~1.2~~9·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)	1257	369·us·+-·63.9·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)
1257	259·us·+-·2.03·us·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1,000·loops·each)
1258	\x8\x8\x8\x8\x8·I\x8In\x8nd\x8de\x8ex\x8x·t\x8ty\x8yp\x8pe\x8es\x8s_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8\x8	1258	\x8\x8\x8\x8\x8·I\x8In\x8nd\x8de\x8ex\x8x·t\x8ty\x8yp\x8pe\x8es\x8s_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8\x8
1259	We·have·discussed·MultiIndex·in·the·previous·sections·pretty·extensively.	1259	We·have·discussed·MultiIndex·in·the·previous·sections·pretty·extensively.
1260	Documentation·about·DatetimeIndex·and·PeriodIndex·are·shown·_\x8h_\x8e_\x8r_\x8e,·and	1260	Documentation·about·DatetimeIndex·and·PeriodIndex·are·shown·_\x8h_\x8e_\x8r_\x8e,·and
1261	documentation·about·TimedeltaIndex·is·found·_\x8h_\x8e_\x8r_\x8e.	1261	documentation·about·TimedeltaIndex·is·found·_\x8h_\x8e_\x8r_\x8e.
1262	In·the·following·sub-sections·we·will·highlight·some·other·index·types.	1262	In·the·following·sub-sections·we·will·highlight·some·other·index·types.
1263	\x8\x8\x8\x8·C\x8Ca\x8at\x8te\x8eg\x8go\x8or\x8ri\x8ic\x8ca\x8al\x8lI\x8In\x8nd\x8de\x8ex\x8x_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8	1263	\x8\x8\x8\x8·C\x8Ca\x8at\x8te\x8eg\x8go\x8or\x8ri\x8ic\x8ca\x8al\x8lI\x8In\x8nd\x8de\x8ex\x8x_\x8#\x8#·\x8\x8\x8\x8
1264	_\x8C_\x8a_\x8t_\x8e_\x8g_\x8o_\x8r_\x8i_\x8c_\x8a_\x8l_\x8I_\x8n_\x8d_\x8e_\x8x·is·a·type·of·index·that·is·useful·for·supporting·indexing·with	1264	_\x8C_\x8a_\x8t_\x8e_\x8g_\x8o_\x8r_\x8i_\x8c_\x8a_\x8l_\x8I_\x8n_\x8d_\x8e_\x8x·is·a·type·of·index·that·is·useful·for·supporting·indexing·with


Offset 1086, 16 lines modified		Offset 1086, 16 lines modified
1086	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span><span·class="n">files</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pathlib</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">Path</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="s2">"data/timeseries/"</span><span·class="p">)</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">glob</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="s2">"ts*.parquet"</span><span·class="p">)</span>	1086	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span><span·class="n">files</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pathlib</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">Path</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="s2">"data/timeseries/"</span><span·class="p">)</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">glob</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="s2">"ts*.parquet"</span><span·class="p">)</span>
1087	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span><span·class="n">counts</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">Series</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">dtype</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="nb">int</span><span·class="p">)</span>	1087	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span><span·class="n">counts</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">Series</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">dtype</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="nb">int</span><span·class="p">)</span>
1088	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span><span·class="k">for</span>·<span·class="n">path</span>·<span·class="ow">in</span>·<span·class="n">files</span><span·class="p">:</span>	1088	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span><span·class="k">for</span>·<span·class="n">path</span>·<span·class="ow">in</span>·<span·class="n">files</span><span·class="p">:</span>
1089	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span>····<span·class="n">df</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">read_parquet</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">path</span><span·class="p">)</span>	1089	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span>····<span·class="n">df</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">read_parquet</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">path</span><span·class="p">)</span>
1090	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span>····<span·class="n">counts</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">counts</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">add</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">df</span><span·class="p">[</span><span·class="s2">"name"</span><span·class="p">]</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">value_counts</span><span·class="p">(),</span>·<span·class="n">fill_value</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="mi">0</span><span·class="p">)</span>	1090	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span>····<span·class="n">counts</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">counts</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">add</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">df</span><span·class="p">[</span><span·class="s2">"name"</span><span·class="p">]</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">value_counts</span><span·class="p">(),</span>·<span·class="n">fill_value</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="mi">0</span><span·class="p">)</span>
1091	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span><span·class="n">counts</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">astype</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="nb">int</span><span·class="p">)</span>	1091	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span><span·class="n">counts</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">astype</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="nb">int</span><span·class="p">)</span>
1092	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span>	1092	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span>
1093	<span·class="go">CPU·times:·user·~~162~~·us,·sys:·~~460~~·us,·total:·~~622~~·us</span>	1093	<span·class="go">CPU·times:·user·271·us,·sys:·259·us,·total:·530·us</span>
1094	<span·class="go">Wall·time:·630·us</span>	1094	<span·class="go">Wall·time:·538·us</span>
1095	<span·class="gh">Out[32]:·</span><span·class="go">Series([],·dtype:·int32)</span>	1095	<span·class="gh">Out[32]:·</span><span·class="go">Series([],·dtype:·int32)</span>
1096	</pre></div>	1096	</pre></div>
1097	</div>	1097	</div>
1098	<p>Some·readers,·like·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.read_csv.html#pandas.read_csv"·title="pandas.read_csv"><code·class="xref·py·py-meth·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">pandas.read_csv()</span></code></a>,·offer·parameters·to·control·the	1098	<p>Some·readers,·like·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.read_csv.html#pandas.read_csv"·title="pandas.read_csv"><code·class="xref·py·py-meth·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">pandas.read_csv()</span></code></a>,·offer·parameters·to·control·the
1099	<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">chunksize</span></code>·when·reading·a·single·file.</p>	1099	<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">chunksize</span></code>·when·reading·a·single·file.</p>
1100	<p>Manually·chunking·is·an·OK·option·for·workflows·that·don’t	1100	<p>Manually·chunking·is·an·OK·option·for·workflows·that·don’t
1101	require·too·sophisticated·of·operations.·Some·operations,·like·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.groupby.html#pandas.DataFrame.groupby"·title="pandas.DataFrame.groupby"><code·class="xref·py·py-meth·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">pandas.DataFrame.groupby()</span></code></a>,·are	1101	require·too·sophisticated·of·operations.·Some·operations,·like·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.groupby.html#pandas.DataFrame.groupby"·title="pandas.DataFrame.groupby"><code·class="xref·py·py-meth·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">pandas.DataFrame.groupby()</span></code></a>,·are


Offset 1613, 20 lines modified		Offset 1613, 20 lines modified
1613	<span·class="gp">In·[94]:·</span><span·class="n">df1</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">df2</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">df3</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">df4</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="p">[</span><span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">DataFrame</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">np</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">random</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">randn</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">nrows</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">ncols</span><span·class="p">))</span>	1613	<span·class="gp">In·[94]:·</span><span·class="n">df1</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">df2</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">df3</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">df4</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="p">[</span><span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">DataFrame</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">np</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">random</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">randn</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">nrows</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">ncols</span><span·class="p">))</span>
1614	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span>······················<span·class="k">for</span>·<span·class="n">_</span>·<span·class="ow">in</span>·<span·class="nb">range</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="mi">4</span><span·class="p">)]</span>	1614	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span>······················<span·class="k">for</span>·<span·class="n">_</span>·<span·class="ow">in</span>·<span·class="nb">range</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="mi">4</span><span·class="p">)]</span>
1615	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span>	1615	<span·class="gp">···....:·</span>
1616	</pre></div>	1616	</pre></div>
1617	</div>	1617	</div>
1618	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="go">#·eval·with·NumExpr·backend</span>	1618	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="go">#·eval·with·NumExpr·backend</span>
1619	<span·class="gp">In·[95]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·pd.eval('df1·+·df2·+·df3·+·df4')	1619	<span·class="gp">In·[95]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·pd.eval('df1·+·df2·+·df3·+·df4')
1620	<span·class="go">237·ms·+-·27.3·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1·loop·each)</span>	1620	<span·class="go">219·ms·+-·38.5·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1·loop·each)</span>
1621	</pre></div>	1621	</pre></div>
1622	</div>	1622	</div>
1623	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="go">#·pure·Python·evaluation</span>	1623	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="go">#·pure·Python·evaluation</span>
1624	<span·class="gp">In·[96]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·df1·+·df2·+·df3·+·df4	1624	<span·class="gp">In·[96]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·df1·+·df2·+·df3·+·df4
1625	<span·class="go">630·ms·+-·60.1·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1·loop·each)</span>	1625	<span·class="go">690·ms·+-·38·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1·loop·each)</span>
1626	</pre></div>	1626	</pre></div>
1627	</div>	1627	</div>
1628	<p>For·more·details,·see·the·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../user_guide/enhancingperf.html#enhancingperf-eval"><span·class="std·std-ref">the·docs</span></a></p>	1628	<p>For·more·details,·see·the·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../user_guide/enhancingperf.html#enhancingperf-eval"><span·class="std·std-ref">the·docs</span></a></p>
1629	</li>	1629	</li>
1630	<li><p>Similar·to·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">pandas.eval</span></code>,·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.html#pandas.DataFrame"·title="pandas.DataFrame"><code·class="xref·py·py-class·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">DataFrame</span></code></a>·has·a·new	1630	<li><p>Similar·to·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">pandas.eval</span></code>,·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.html#pandas.DataFrame"·title="pandas.DataFrame"><code·class="xref·py·py-class·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">DataFrame</span></code></a>·has·a·new
1631	<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">DataFrame.eval</span></code>·method·that·evaluates·an·expression·in·the·context·of	1631	<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">DataFrame.eval</span></code>·method·that·evaluates·an·expression·in·the·context·of
1632	the·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">DataFrame</span></code>.·For·example,</p>	1632	the·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">DataFrame</span></code>.·For·example,</p>


Offset 965, 18 lines modified		Offset 965, 18 lines modified

965	······In·[94]:·df1,·df2,·df3,·df4·=·[pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(nrows,	965	······In·[94]:·df1,·df2,·df3,·df4·=·[pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(nrows,
966	······ncols))	966	······ncols))
967	·········....:·······················for·_·in·range(4)]	967	·········....:·······················for·_·in·range(4)]
968	·········....:	968	·········....:
969	······#·eval·with·NumExpr·backend	969	······#·eval·with·NumExpr·backend
970	······In·[95]:·%timeit·pd.eval('df1·+·df2·+·df3·+·df4')	970	······In·[95]:·%timeit·pd.eval('df1·+·df2·+·df3·+·df4')
971	······237·ms·+-·27.3·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1·loop·each)	971	······219·ms·+-·38.5·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1·loop·each)
972	······#·pure·Python·evaluation	972	······#·pure·Python·evaluation
973	······In·[96]:·%timeit·df1·+·df2·+·df3·+·df4	973	······In·[96]:·%timeit·df1·+·df2·+·df3·+·df4
974	······630·ms·+-·60.1·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1·loop·each)	974	······690·ms·+-·38·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·1·loop·each)
975	······For·more·details,·see·the·_\x8t_\x8h_\x8e_\x8·_\x8d_\x8o_\x8c_\x8s	975	······For·more·details,·see·the·_\x8t_\x8h_\x8e_\x8·_\x8d_\x8o_\x8c_\x8s
976	····*·Similar·to·pandas.eval,·_\x8D_\x8a_\x8t_\x8a_\x8F_\x8r_\x8a_\x8m_\x8e·has·a·new·DataFrame.eval·method·that	976	····*·Similar·to·pandas.eval,·_\x8D_\x8a_\x8t_\x8a_\x8F_\x8r_\x8a_\x8m_\x8e·has·a·new·DataFrame.eval·method·that
977	······evaluates·an·expression·in·the·context·of·the·DataFrame.·For·example,	977	······evaluates·an·expression·in·the·context·of·the·DataFrame.·For·example,
978	······In·[97]:·df·=·pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(10,·2),·columns=['a',·'b'])	978	······In·[97]:·df·=·pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(10,·2),·columns=['a',·'b'])

979	······In·[98]:·df.eval('a·+·b')	979	······In·[98]:·df.eval('a·+·b')
980	······Out[98]:	980	······Out[98]:


Offset 1642, 45 lines modified		Offset 1642, 45 lines modified

1642	<span·class="gp">In·[10]:·</span><span·class="n">s</span>	1642	<span·class="gp">In·[10]:·</span><span·class="n">s</span>
1643	<span·class="gh">Out[10]:·</span>	1643	<span·class="gh">Out[10]:·</span>
1644	<span·class="go">0····a</span>	1644	<span·class="go">0····a</span>
1645	<span·class="go">1····a</span>	1645	<span·class="go">1····a</span>
1646	<span·class="go">2····b</span>	1646	<span·class="go">2····b</span>
1647	<span·class="go">3····b</span>	1647	<span·class="go">3····b</span>
1648	<span·class="go">dtype:·category</span>	1648	<span·class="go">Length:·4,·dtype:·category</span>
1649	<span·class="go">Categories·(2,·object):·['a',·'b']</span>	1649	<span·class="go">Categories·(2,·object):·['a',·'b']</span>

1650	<span·class="gp">In·[11]:·</span><span·class="n">s</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">str</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">contains</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="s2">"a"</span><span·class="p">)</span>	1650	<span·class="gp">In·[11]:·</span><span·class="n">s</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">str</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">contains</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="s2">"a"</span><span·class="p">)</span>
1651	<span·class="gh">Out[11]:·</span>	1651	<span·class="gh">Out[11]:·</span>
1652	<span·class="go">0·····True</span>	1652	<span·class="go">0·····True</span>
1653	<span·class="go">1·····True</span>	1653	<span·class="go">1·····True</span>
1654	<span·class="go">2····False</span>	1654	<span·class="go">2····False</span>
1655	<span·class="go">3····False</span>	1655	<span·class="go">3····False</span>
1656	<span·class="go">dtype:·bool</span>	1656	<span·class="go">Length:·4,·dtype:·bool</span>

1657	<span·class="gp">In·[12]:·</span><span·class="n">date</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">Series</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">date_range</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="s2">"1/1/2015"</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">periods</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="mi">5</span><span·class="p">))</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">astype</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="s2">"category"</span><span·class="p">)</span>	1657	<span·class="gp">In·[12]:·</span><span·class="n">date</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">Series</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">date_range</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="s2">"1/1/2015"</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">periods</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="mi">5</span><span·class="p">))</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">astype</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="s2">"category"</span><span·class="p">)</span>

1658	<span·class="gp">In·[13]:·</span><span·class="n">date</span>	1658	<span·class="gp">In·[13]:·</span><span·class="n">date</span>
1659	<span·class="gh">Out[13]:·</span>	1659	<span·class="gh">Out[13]:·</span>
1660	<span·class="go">0···2015-01-01</span>	1660	<span·class="go">0···2015-01-01</span>
1661	<span·class="go">1···2015-01-02</span>	1661	<span·class="go">1···2015-01-02</span>
1662	<span·class="go">2···2015-01-03</span>	1662	<span·class="go">2···2015-01-03</span>
1663	<span·class="go">3···2015-01-04</span>	1663	<span·class="go">3···2015-01-04</span>
1664	<span·class="go">4···2015-01-05</span>	1664	<span·class="go">4···2015-01-05</span>
1665	<span·class="go">dtype:·category</span>	1665	<span·class="go">Length:·5,·dtype:·category</span>
1666	<span·class="go">Categories·(5,·datetime64[ns]):·[2015-01-01,·2015-01-02,·2015-01-03,·2015-01-04,·2015-01-05]</span>	1666	<span·class="go">Categories·(5,·datetime64[ns]):·[2015-01-01,·2015-01-02,·2015-01-03,·2015-01-04,·2015-01-05]</span>

1667	<span·class="gp">In·[14]:·</span><span·class="n">date</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">dt</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">day</span>	1667	<span·class="gp">In·[14]:·</span><span·class="n">date</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">dt</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">day</span>
1668	<span·class="gh">Out[14]:·</span>	1668	<span·class="gh">Out[14]:·</span>
1669	<span·class="go">0····1</span>	1669	<span·class="go">0····1</span>
1670	<span·class="go">1····2</span>	1670	<span·class="go">1····2</span>
1671	<span·class="go">2····3</span>	1671	<span·class="go">2····3</span>
1672	<span·class="go">3····4</span>	1672	<span·class="go">3····4</span>
1673	<span·class="go">4····5</span>	1673	<span·class="go">4····5</span>
1674	<span·class="go">dtype:·int32</span>	1674	<span·class="go">Length:·5,·dtype:·int32</span>
1675	</pre></div>	1675	</pre></div>
1676	</div>	1676	</div>
1677	</li>	1677	</li>
1678	<li><p><code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">pivot_table</span></code>·now·has·a·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">margins_name</span></code>·argument·so·you·can·use·something·other·than·the·default·of·‘All’·(<a·class="extlink-issue·reference·external"·href="https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/3335">GH·3335</a>)</p></li>	1678	<li><p><code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">pivot_table</span></code>·now·has·a·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">margins_name</span></code>·argument·so·you·can·use·something·other·than·the·default·of·‘All’·(<a·class="extlink-issue·reference·external"·href="https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/3335">GH·3335</a>)</p></li>
1679	<li><p>Implement·export·of·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">datetime64[ns,</span>·<span·class="pre">tz]</span></code>·dtypes·with·a·fixed·HDF5·store·(<a·class="extlink-issue·reference·external"·href="https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/11411">GH·11411</a>)</p></li>	1679	<li><p>Implement·export·of·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">datetime64[ns,</span>·<span·class="pre">tz]</span></code>·dtypes·with·a·fixed·HDF5·store·(<a·class="extlink-issue·reference·external"·href="https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/11411">GH·11411</a>)</p></li>
1680	<li><p>Pretty·printing·sets·(e.g.·in·DataFrame·cells)·now·uses·set·literal·syntax·(<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">{x,</span>·<span·class="pre">y}</span></code>)·instead·of	1680	<li><p>Pretty·printing·sets·(e.g.·in·DataFrame·cells)·now·uses·set·literal·syntax·(<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">{x,</span>·<span·class="pre">y}</span></code>)·instead·of
1681	Legacy·Python·syntax·(<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">set([x,</span>·<span·class="pre">y])</span></code>)·(<a·class="extlink-issue·reference·external"·href="https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/11215">GH·11215</a>)</p></li>	1681	Legacy·Python·syntax·(<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">set([x,</span>·<span·class="pre">y])</span></code>)·(<a·class="extlink-issue·reference·external"·href="https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/11215">GH·11215</a>)</p></li>


Offset 820, 18 lines modified		Offset 820, 18 lines modified
820	a·new·ndarray·of·period·objects·each·time.</p>	820	a·new·ndarray·of·period·objects·each·time.</p>
821	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[18]:·</span><span·class="n">idx</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">values</span>	821	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[18]:·</span><span·class="n">idx</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">values</span>
822	<span·class="gh">Out[18]:·</span>	822	<span·class="gh">Out[18]:·</span>
823	<span·class="go">array([Period('2000-01-01',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-02',·'D'),</span>	823	<span·class="go">array([Period('2000-01-01',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-02',·'D'),</span>
824	<span·class="go">·······Period('2000-01-03',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-04',·'D')],·dtype=object)</span>	824	<span·class="go">·······Period('2000-01-03',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-04',·'D')],·dtype=object)</span>

825	<span·class="gp">In·[19]:·</span><span·class="nb">id</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">idx</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">values</span><span·class="p">)</span>	825	<span·class="gp">In·[19]:·</span><span·class="nb">id</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">idx</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">values</span><span·class="p">)</span>
826	<span·class="gh">Out[19]:·</span><span·class="go">37~~7340~~6~~912~~</span>	826	<span·class="gh">Out[19]:·</span><span·class="go">3788646784</span>

827	<span·class="gp">In·[20]:·</span><span·class="nb">id</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">idx</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">values</span><span·class="p">)</span>	827	<span·class="gp">In·[20]:·</span><span·class="nb">id</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">idx</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">values</span><span·class="p">)</span>
828	<span·class="gh">Out[20]:·</span><span·class="go">3879182560</span>	828	<span·class="gh">Out[20]:·</span><span·class="go">3786966512</span>
829	</pre></div>	829	</pre></div>
830	</div>	830	</div>
831	<p>If·you·need·an·actual·NumPy·array,·use·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.Series.to_numpy.html#pandas.Series.to_numpy"·title="pandas.Series.to_numpy"><code·class="xref·py·py-meth·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">Series.to_numpy()</span></code></a>·or·<code·class="xref·py·py-meth·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">Index.to_numpy()</span></code>.</p>	831	<p>If·you·need·an·actual·NumPy·array,·use·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.Series.to_numpy.html#pandas.Series.to_numpy"·title="pandas.Series.to_numpy"><code·class="xref·py·py-meth·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">Series.to_numpy()</span></code></a>·or·<code·class="xref·py·py-meth·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">Index.to_numpy()</span></code>.</p>
832	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[21]:·</span><span·class="n">idx</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">to_numpy</span><span·class="p">()</span>	832	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[21]:·</span><span·class="n">idx</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">to_numpy</span><span·class="p">()</span>
833	<span·class="gh">Out[21]:·</span>	833	<span·class="gh">Out[21]:·</span>
834	<span·class="go">array([Period('2000-01-01',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-02',·'D'),</span>	834	<span·class="go">array([Period('2000-01-01',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-02',·'D'),</span>
835	<span·class="go">·······Period('2000-01-03',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-04',·'D')],·dtype=object)</span>	835	<span·class="go">·······Period('2000-01-03',·'D'),·Period('2000-01-04',·'D')],·dtype=object)</span>


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6257	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····48665·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/reference/style.html	6257	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····48665·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/reference/style.html
6258	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····48657·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/reference/testing.html	6258	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····48657·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/reference/testing.html
6259	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····53295·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/reference/window.html	6259	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····53295·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/reference/window.html
6260	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)······244·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/release.html	6260	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)······244·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/release.html
6261	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)······269·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/reshaping.html	6261	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)······269·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/reshaping.html
6262	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····17010·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/search.html	6262	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····17010·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/search.html
6263	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)··2359369·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/searchindex.js	6263	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)··2359162·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/searchindex.js
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6266	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)······255·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/text.html	6266	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)······255·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/text.html
6267	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)······256·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/timedeltas.html	6267	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)······256·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/timedeltas.html
6268	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)······277·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/timeseries.html	6268	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)······277·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/timeseries.html
6269	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)······272·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/tutorials.html	6269	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)······272·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/tutorials.html
6270	drwxr-xr-x···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)········0·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/	6270	drwxr-xr-x···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)········0·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/
6271	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···171380·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/10min.html	6271	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···171380·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/10min.html
6272	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···283833·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/advanced.html	6272	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···283834·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/advanced.html
6273	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···435940·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/basics.html	6273	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···435940·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/basics.html
6274	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····36646·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/boolean.html	6274	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····36646·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/boolean.html
6275	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···217513·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/categorical.html	6275	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···217513·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/categorical.html
6276	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····18313·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/cookbook.html	6276	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····18313·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/cookbook.html
6277	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····66164·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/copy_on_write.html	6277	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····66164·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/copy_on_write.html
6278	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···160414·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/dsintro.html	6278	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···160414·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/dsintro.html
6279	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····81376·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/duplicates.html	6279	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····81376·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/duplicates.html
6280	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···121090·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/enhancingperf.html	6280	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···121051·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/enhancingperf.html
6281	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···107882·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/gotchas.html	6281	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···107882·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/gotchas.html
6282	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···300850·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/groupby.html	6282	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···300850·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/groupby.html
6283	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····59715·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/index.html	6283	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····59715·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/index.html
6284	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···395486·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/indexing.html	6284	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···395486·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/indexing.html
6285	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····41778·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/integer_na.html	6285	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····41778·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/integer_na.html
6286	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)··1145820·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/io.html	6286	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)··1145820·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/io.html
6287	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···208885·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/merging.html	6287	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···208885·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/merging.html
6288	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···178690·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/missing_data.html	6288	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···178690·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/missing_data.html
6289	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···112153·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/options.html	6289	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···112153·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/options.html
6290	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···14~~7524~~·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/pyarrow.html	6290	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···146148·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/pyarrow.html
6291	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···162660·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/reshaping.html	6291	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···162660·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/reshaping.html
6292	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···115581·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/scale.html	6292	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)···115581·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/scale.html
6293	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····65811·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/sparse.html	6293	-rw-r--r--···0·root·········(0)·root·········(0)····65811·2025-03-29·13:01:52.000000·./usr/share/doc/python-pandas-doc/html/user_guide/sparse.html


Offset 592, 31 lines modified		Offset 592, 31 lines modified
592	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>········<span·class="n">s</span>·<span·class="o">+=</span>·<span·class="n">f</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">a</span>·<span·class="o">+</span>·<span·class="n">i</span>·<span·class="o">*</span>·<span·class="n">dx</span><span·class="p">)</span>	592	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>········<span·class="n">s</span>·<span·class="o">+=</span>·<span·class="n">f</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">a</span>·<span·class="o">+</span>·<span·class="n">i</span>·<span·class="o">*</span>·<span·class="n">dx</span><span·class="p">)</span>
593	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>····<span·class="k">return</span>·<span·class="n">s</span>·<span·class="o">*</span>·<span·class="n">dx</span>	593	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>····<span·class="k">return</span>·<span·class="n">s</span>·<span·class="o">*</span>·<span·class="n">dx</span>
594	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>	594	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>
595	</pre></div>	595	</pre></div>
596	</div>	596	</div>
597	<p>We·achieve·our·result·by·using·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.apply.html#pandas.DataFrame.apply"·title="pandas.DataFrame.apply"><code·class="xref·py·py-meth·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">DataFrame.apply()</span></code></a>·(row-wise):</p>	597	<p>We·achieve·our·result·by·using·<a·class="reference·internal"·href="../reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.apply.html#pandas.DataFrame.apply"·title="pandas.DataFrame.apply"><code·class="xref·py·py-meth·docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">DataFrame.apply()</span></code></a>·(row-wise):</p>
598	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[5]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),·axis=1)	598	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[5]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">timeit</span>·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),·axis=1)
599	<span·class="go">150·ms·+-·~~5.2~~7·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10·loops·each)</span>	599	<span·class="go">177·ms·+-·20.7·ms·per·loop·(mean·+-·std.·dev.·of·7·runs,·10·loops·each)</span>
600	</pre></div>	600	</pre></div>
601	</div>	601	</div>
602	<p>Let’s·take·a·look·and·see·where·the·time·is·spent·during·this·operation	602	<p>Let’s·take·a·look·and·see·where·the·time·is·spent·during·this·operation
603	using·the·<a·class="reference·external"·href="https://ipython.readthedocs.io/en/stable/interactive/magics.html#magic-prun">prun·ipython·magic·function</a>:</p>	603	using·the·<a·class="reference·external"·href="https://ipython.readthedocs.io/en/stable/interactive/magics.html#magic-prun">prun·ipython·magic·function</a>:</p>
604	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="go">#·most·time·consuming·4·calls</span>	604	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="go">#·most·time·consuming·4·calls</span>
605	<span·class="gp">In·[6]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">prun</span>·-l·4·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),·axis=1)··#·noqa·E999	605	<span·class="gp">In·[6]:·</span><span·class="o">%</span><span·class="k">prun</span>·-l·4·df.apply(lambda·x:·integrate_f(x["a"],·x["b"],·x["N"]),·axis=1)··#·noqa·E999
606	<span·class="go">·········605946·function·calls·(605928·primitive·calls)·in·1.~~021~~·seconds</span>	606	<span·class="go">·········605946·function·calls·(605928·primitive·calls)·in·0.296·seconds</span>

607	<span·class="go">···Ordered·by:·internal·time</span>	607	<span·class="go">···Ordered·by:·internal·time</span>
608	<span·class="go">···List·reduced·from·159·to·4·due·to·restriction·<4></span>	608	<span·class="go">···List·reduced·from·159·to·4·due·to·restriction·<4></span>

609	<span·class="go">···ncalls··tottime··percall··cumtime··percall·filename:lineno(function)</span>	609	<span·class="go">···ncalls··tottime··percall··cumtime··percall·filename:lineno(function)</span>
610	<span·class="go">·····1000····0.~~531~~····0.001····0.~~905~~····0.001·<ipython-input-4-c2a74e076cf0>:1(integrate_f)</span>	610	<span·class="go">·····1000····0.178····0.000····0.259····0.000·<ipython-input-4-c2a74e076cf0>:1(integrate_f)</span>
611	<span·class="go">···552423····0.~~374~~····0.000····0.~~374~~····0.000·<ipython-input-3-c138bdd570e3>:1(f)</span>	611	<span·class="go">···552423····0.080····0.000····0.080····0.000·<ipython-input-3-c138bdd570e3>:1(f)</span>
612	<span·class="go">·····3000····0.019····0.000····0.082····0.000·series.py:1095(__getitem__)</span>	612	<span·class="go">·····3000····0.006····0.000····0.025····0.000·series.py:1095(__getitem__)</span>
613	<span·class="go">····16098····0.014····0.000····0.018····0.000·~~{built-~~i~~n·m~~e~~thod·builtins.isinst~~ance}</span>	613	<span·class="go">·····3000····0.004····0.000····0.011····0.000·series.py:1220(_get_value)</span>
614	</pre></div>	614	</pre></div>
615	</div>	615	</div>
616	<p>By·far·the·majority·of·time·is·spend·inside·either·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">integrate_f</span></code>·or·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">f</span></code>,	616	<p>By·far·the·majority·of·time·is·spend·inside·either·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">integrate_f</span></code>·or·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">f</span></code>,
617	hence·we’ll·concentrate·our·efforts·cythonizing·these·two·functions.</p>	617	hence·we’ll·concentrate·our·efforts·cythonizing·these·two·functions.</p>
618	</section>	618	</section>
619	<section·id="plain-cython">	619	<section·id="plain-cython">
620	<span·id="enhancingperf-plain"></span><h3>Plain·Cython<a·class="headerlink"·href="#plain-cython"·title="Link·to·this·heading">#</a></h3>	620	<span·id="enhancingperf-plain"></span><h3>Plain·Cython<a·class="headerlink"·href="#plain-cython"·title="Link·to·this·heading">#</a></h3>
Offset 634, 15 lines modified		Offset 634, 15 lines modified
634	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>····for·i·in·range(N):	634	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>····for·i·in·range(N):
635	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>········s·+=·f_plain(a·+·i·*·dx)	635	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>········s·+=·f_plain(a·+·i·*·dx)
636	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>····return·s·*·dx	636	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>····return·s·*·dx
637	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>	637	<span·class="gp">···...:·</span>
638	</pre></div>	638	</pre></div>
639	</div>	639	</div>


Offset 821, 62 lines modified		Offset 821, 64 lines modified
821	facilitate·replication.·(<a·class="extlink-issue·reference·external"·href="https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/2419">GH·2419</a>)</p>	821	facilitate·replication.·(<a·class="extlink-issue·reference·external"·href="https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/2419">GH·2419</a>)</p>
822	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[1]:·</span><span·class="n">example_series</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">Series</span><span·class="p">([</span><span·class="mi">0</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">1</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">2</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">3</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">4</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">5</span><span·class="p">])</span>	822	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[1]:·</span><span·class="n">example_series</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="n">pd</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">Series</span><span·class="p">([</span><span·class="mi">0</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">1</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">2</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">3</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">4</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">5</span><span·class="p">])</span>

823	<span·class="go">#·When·no·arguments·are·passed,·returns·1</span>	823	<span·class="go">#·When·no·arguments·are·passed,·returns·1</span>
824	<span·class="gp">In·[2]:·</span><span·class="n">example_series</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">sample</span><span·class="p">()</span>	824	<span·class="gp">In·[2]:·</span><span·class="n">example_series</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">sample</span><span·class="p">()</span>
825	<span·class="gh">Out[2]:·</span>	825	<span·class="gh">Out[2]:·</span>
826	<span·class="go">3····3</span>	826	<span·class="go">3····3</span>
827	<span·class="go">dtype:·int64</span>	827	<span·class="go">Length:·1,·dtype:·int64</span>

828	<span·class="go">#·One·may·specify·either·a·number·of·rows:</span>	828	<span·class="go">#·One·may·specify·either·a·number·of·rows:</span>
829	<span·class="gp">In·[3]:·</span><span·class="n">example_series</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">sample</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">n</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="mi">3</span><span·class="p">)</span>	829	<span·class="gp">In·[3]:·</span><span·class="n">example_series</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">sample</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">n</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="mi">3</span><span·class="p">)</span>
830	<span·class="gh">Out[3]:·</span>	830	<span·class="gh">Out[3]:·</span>
831	<span·class="go">2····2</span>	831	<span·class="go">2····2</span>
832	<span·class="go">1····1</span>	832	<span·class="go">1····1</span>
833	<span·class="go">0····0</span>	833	<span·class="go">0····0</span>
834	<span·class="go">dtype:·int64</span>	834	<span·class="go">Length:·3,·dtype:·int64</span>

835	<span·class="go">#·Or·a·fraction·of·the·rows:</span>	835	<span·class="go">#·Or·a·fraction·of·the·rows:</span>
836	<span·class="gp">In·[4]:·</span><span·class="n">example_series</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">sample</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">frac</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="mf">0.5</span><span·class="p">)</span>	836	<span·class="gp">In·[4]:·</span><span·class="n">example_series</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">sample</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">frac</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="mf">0.5</span><span·class="p">)</span>
837	<span·class="gh">Out[4]:·</span>	837	<span·class="gh">Out[4]:·</span>
838	<span·class="go">1····1</span>	838	<span·class="go">1····1</span>
839	<span·class="go">5····5</span>	839	<span·class="go">5····5</span>
840	<span·class="go">3····3</span>	840	<span·class="go">3····3</span>
841	<span·class="go">dtype:·int64</span>	841	<span·class="go">Length:·3,·dtype:·int64</span>

842	<span·class="go">#·weights·are·accepted.</span>	842	<span·class="go">#·weights·are·accepted.</span>
843	<span·class="gp">In·[5]:·</span><span·class="n">example_weights</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="p">[</span><span·class="mi">0</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">0</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mf">0.2</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mf">0.2</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mf">0.2</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mf">0.4</span><span·class="p">]</span>	843	<span·class="gp">In·[5]:·</span><span·class="n">example_weights</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="p">[</span><span·class="mi">0</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">0</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mf">0.2</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mf">0.2</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mf">0.2</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mf">0.4</span><span·class="p">]</span>

844	<span·class="gp">In·[6]:·</span><span·class="n">example_series</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">sample</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">n</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="mi">3</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">weights</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="n">example_weights</span><span·class="p">)</span>	844	<span·class="gp">In·[6]:·</span><span·class="n">example_series</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">sample</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">n</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="mi">3</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">weights</span><span·class="o">=</span><span·class="n">example_weights</span><span·class="p">)</span>
845	<span·class="gh">Out[6]:·</span>	845	<span·class="gh">Out[6]:·</span>
846	<span·class="go">2····2</span>	846	<span·class="go">2····2</span>
847	<span·class="go">4····4</span>	847	<span·class="go">4····4</span>
848	<span·class="go">3····3</span>	848	<span·class="go">3····3</span>
849	<span·class="go">dtype:·int64</span>	849	<span·class="go">Length:·3,·dtype:·int64</span>

850	<span·class="go">#·weights·will·also·be·normalized·if·they·do·not·sum·to·one,</span>	850	<span·class="go">#·weights·will·also·be·normalized·if·they·do·not·sum·to·one,</span>
851	<span·class="go">#·and·missing·values·will·be·treated·as·zeros.</span>	851	<span·class="go">#·and·missing·values·will·be·treated·as·zeros.</span>
852	<span·class="gp">In·[7]:·</span><span·class="n">example_weights2</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="p">[</span><span·class="mf">0.5</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">0</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">0</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">0</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="kc">None</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">np</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">nan</span><span·class="p">]</span>	852	<span·class="gp">In·[7]:·</span><span·class="n">example_weights2</span>·<span·class="o">=</span>·<span·class="p">[</span><span·class="mf">0.5</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">0</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">0</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="mi">0</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="kc">None</span><span·class="p">,</span>·<span·class="n">np</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">nan</span><span·class="p">]</span>


Offset 769, 35 lines modified		Offset 769, 37 lines modified
769	<span·class="gp">In·[2]:·</span><span·class="n">df</span>	769	<span·class="gp">In·[2]:·</span><span·class="n">df</span>
770	<span·class="gh">Out[2]:·</span>	770	<span·class="gh">Out[2]:·</span>
771	<span·class="go">···········A·························B·························C</span>	771	<span·class="go">···········A·························B·························C</span>
772	<span·class="go">0·2013-01-01·2013-01-01·00:00:00-05:00·2013-01-01·00:00:00+01:00</span>	772	<span·class="go">0·2013-01-01·2013-01-01·00:00:00-05:00·2013-01-01·00:00:00+01:00</span>
773	<span·class="go">1·2013-01-02·2013-01-02·00:00:00-05:00·2013-01-02·00:00:00+01:00</span>	773	<span·class="go">1·2013-01-02·2013-01-02·00:00:00-05:00·2013-01-02·00:00:00+01:00</span>
774	<span·class="go">2·2013-01-03·2013-01-03·00:00:00-05:00·2013-01-03·00:00:00+01:00</span>	774	<span·class="go">2·2013-01-03·2013-01-03·00:00:00-05:00·2013-01-03·00:00:00+01:00</span>

		775	<span·class="go">[3·rows·x·3·columns]</span>

775	<span·class="gp">In·[3]:·</span><span·class="n">df</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">dtypes</span>	776	<span·class="gp">In·[3]:·</span><span·class="n">df</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">dtypes</span>
776	<span·class="gh">Out[3]:·</span>	777	<span·class="gh">Out[3]:·</span>
777	<span·class="go">A················datetime64[ns]</span>	778	<span·class="go">A················datetime64[ns]</span>
778	<span·class="go">B····datetime64[ns,·US/Eastern]</span>	779	<span·class="go">B····datetime64[ns,·US/Eastern]</span>
779	<span·class="go">C···········datetime64[ns,·CET]</span>	780	<span·class="go">C···········datetime64[ns,·CET]</span>
780	<span·class="go">dtype:·object</span>	781	<span·class="go">Length:·3,·dtype:·object</span>
781	</pre></div>	782	</pre></div>
782	</div>	783	</div>
783	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[4]:·</span><span·class="n">df</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">B</span>	784	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[4]:·</span><span·class="n">df</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">B</span>
784	<span·class="gh">Out[4]:·</span>	785	<span·class="gh">Out[4]:·</span>
785	<span·class="go">0···2013-01-01·00:00:00-05:00</span>	786	<span·class="go">0···2013-01-01·00:00:00-05:00</span>
786	<span·class="go">1···2013-01-02·00:00:00-05:00</span>	787	<span·class="go">1···2013-01-02·00:00:00-05:00</span>
787	<span·class="go">2···2013-01-03·00:00:00-05:00</span>	788	<span·class="go">2···2013-01-03·00:00:00-05:00</span>
788	<span·class="go">Name:·B,·dtype:·datetime64[ns,·US/Eastern]</span>	789	<span·class="go">Name:·B,·Length:·3,·dtype:·datetime64[ns,·US/Eastern]</span>

789	<span·class="gp">In·[5]:·</span><span·class="n">df</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">B</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">dt</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">tz_localize</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="kc">None</span><span·class="p">)</span>	790	<span·class="gp">In·[5]:·</span><span·class="n">df</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">B</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">dt</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">tz_localize</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="kc">None</span><span·class="p">)</span>
790	<span·class="gh">Out[5]:·</span>	791	<span·class="gh">Out[5]:·</span>
791	<span·class="go">0···2013-01-01</span>	792	<span·class="go">0···2013-01-01</span>
792	<span·class="go">1···2013-01-02</span>	793	<span·class="go">1···2013-01-02</span>
793	<span·class="go">2···2013-01-03</span>	794	<span·class="go">2···2013-01-03</span>
794	<span·class="go">Name:·B,·dtype:·datetime64[ns]</span>	795	<span·class="go">Name:·B,·Length:·3,·dtype:·datetime64[ns]</span>
795	</pre></div>	796	</pre></div>
796	</div>	797	</div>
797	<p>This·uses·a·new-dtype·representation·as·well,·that·is·very·similar·in·look-and-feel·to·its·numpy·cousin·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">datetime64[ns]</span></code></p>	798	<p>This·uses·a·new-dtype·representation·as·well,·that·is·very·similar·in·look-and-feel·to·its·numpy·cousin·<code·class="docutils·literal·notranslate"><span·class="pre">datetime64[ns]</span></code></p>
798	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[6]:·</span><span·class="n">df</span><span·class="p">[</span><span·class="s2">"B"</span><span·class="p">]</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">dtype</span>	799	<div·class="highlight-ipython·notranslate"><div·class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span·class="gp">In·[6]:·</span><span·class="n">df</span><span·class="p">[</span><span·class="s2">"B"</span><span·class="p">]</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">dtype</span>
799	<span·class="gh">Out[6]:·</span><span·class="go">datetime64[ns,·US/Eastern]</span>	800	<span·class="gh">Out[6]:·</span><span·class="go">datetime64[ns,·US/Eastern]</span>

800	<span·class="gp">In·[7]:·</span><span·class="nb">type</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">df</span><span·class="p">[</span><span·class="s2">"B"</span><span·class="p">]</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">dtype</span><span·class="p">)</span>	801	<span·class="gp">In·[7]:·</span><span·class="nb">type</span><span·class="p">(</span><span·class="n">df</span><span·class="p">[</span><span·class="s2">"B"</span><span·class="p">]</span><span·class="o">.</span><span·class="n">dtype</span><span·class="p">)</span>
Offset 876, 43 lines modified		Offset 878, 43 lines modified