{"diffoscope-json-version": 1, "source1": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.PEG43eUS/b1/grub2_2.06-13+deb12u1_arm64.changes", "source2": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.PEG43eUS/b2/grub2_2.06-13+deb12u1_arm64.changes", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "Files", "source2": "Files", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@\n \n f9a599c93fa9a8bc6804ed81f3bb1b13 11417956 debug optional grub-common-dbgsym_2.06-13+deb12u1_arm64.deb\n 080224ed0c5cba29024b373699c0358c 2694924 admin optional grub-common_2.06-13+deb12u1_arm64.deb\n- f44219b843e1038558af090a6e5aa6e4 1401860 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_arm64.deb\n+ 23250438417f473b1e0bcd87acabc291 1401500 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_arm64.deb\n 781e2575ed3c42bab47da91c4d97469f 2839072 debug optional grub-efi-arm64-dbg_2.06-13+deb12u1_arm64.deb\n 767c76e7c7cd468644750937ceb37e11 184084 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-signed-template_2.06-13+deb12u1_arm64.deb\n 0befa42e97c5f9a6d8aa92ea47c8e42e 45580 admin optional grub-efi-arm64_2.06-13+deb12u1_arm64.deb\n 72d7f4121a2e1efa57a4ddd5e971db06 2388 admin optional grub-efi_2.06-13+deb12u1_arm64.deb\n cf0dce671c86e1949fe01d08e029a4ca 405004 debian-installer optional grub-mount-udeb_2.06-13+deb12u1_arm64.udeb\n 4b0ce86ac8aa0bf980aecd6adbf5cbc9 2155240 admin optional grub-theme-starfield_2.06-13+deb12u1_arm64.deb\n 018e2e8027cded05cf1c96333ff85665 1422572 debug optional grub2-common-dbgsym_2.06-13+deb12u1_arm64.deb\n- 80176379798d6c5b68863b4b7ecaa1d7 579556 admin optional grub2-common_2.06-13+deb12u1_arm64.deb\n+ 409a04620f1d4f7a212de35259ed3e96 579588 admin optional grub2-common_2.06-13+deb12u1_arm64.deb\n"}, {"source1": "grub-efi-arm64-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_arm64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-arm64-bin_2.06-13+deb12u1_arm64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 6656 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1395012 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1394652 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -133,15 +133,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6544 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6664 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6560 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6664 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6592 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 12248 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4048 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2395 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2393 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/modinfo.sh\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3977216 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/gcdaa64.efi\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4358144 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubaa64.efi\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3985408 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64-installer.efi\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3985408 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64.efi\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 48904 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4608 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/msdospart.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=arm64\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/gcdaa64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/gcdaa64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -323462,16 +323462,16 @@\n 16f89c:\tumax\tv11.4h, v19.4h, v19.4h\n 16f8a0:\t.inst\t0x00746166 ; undefined\n 16f8a4:\t.inst\t0x00010402 ; undefined\n 16f8a8:\tmov\tz2.b, p0/m, za0h.b[w12, 0]\n 16f8ac:\t.inst\t0x0004f812 ; undefined\n 16f8b0:\t.inst\t0x00020020 ; undefined\n \t...\n- 16f8bc:\tadd\tz0.b, z4.b, z9.b\n- 16f8c0:\tshsub\tv12.4s, v1.4s, v16.4s\n+ 16f8bc:\tfnmadd\ts0, s4, s9, s0\n+ 16f8c0:\t.inst\t0x4eaa28bd ; undefined\n 16f8c4:\t.inst\t0x414e204f ; undefined\n 16f8c8:\t.inst\t0x2020454d ; undefined\n 16f8cc:\t.inst\t0x41462020 ; undefined\n 16f8d0:\t.inst\t0x20323154 ; undefined\n 16f8d4:\tfmadd\ts0, s1, s14, s8\n 16f8d8:\tldnp\tq30, q22, [x29, #-128]\n 16f8dc:\t.inst\t0x0b74c022 ; undefined\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubaa64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubaa64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -410049,16 +410049,16 @@\n 1cd2f4:\tumax\tv11.4h, v19.4h, v19.4h\n 1cd2f8:\t.inst\t0x00746166 ; undefined\n 1cd2fc:\t.inst\t0x00010402 ; undefined\n 1cd300:\tmov\tz2.b, p0/m, za0h.b[w12, 0]\n 1cd304:\t.inst\t0x0004f812 ; undefined\n 1cd308:\t.inst\t0x00020020 ; undefined\n \t...\n- 1cd314:\tadd\tz0.b, z4.b, z9.b\n- 1cd318:\tshsub\tv12.4s, v1.4s, v16.4s\n+ 1cd314:\tfnmadd\ts0, s4, s9, s0\n+ 1cd318:\t.inst\t0x4eaa28bd ; undefined\n 1cd31c:\t.inst\t0x414e204f ; undefined\n 1cd320:\t.inst\t0x2020454d ; undefined\n 1cd324:\t.inst\t0x41462020 ; undefined\n 1cd328:\t.inst\t0x20323154 ; undefined\n 1cd32c:\tfmadd\ts0, s1, s14, s8\n 1cd330:\tldnp\tq30, q22, [x29, #-128]\n 1cd334:\t.inst\t0x0b74c022 ; undefined\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64-installer.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -325465,16 +325465,16 @@\n 171df4:\tumax\tv11.4h, v19.4h, v19.4h\n 171df8:\t.inst\t0x00746166 ; undefined\n 171dfc:\t.inst\t0x00010402 ; undefined\n 171e00:\tmov\tz2.b, p0/m, za0h.b[w12, 0]\n 171e04:\t.inst\t0x0004f812 ; undefined\n 171e08:\t.inst\t0x00020020 ; undefined\n \t...\n- 171e14:\t.inst\t0xc2290080 ; undefined\n- 171e18:\tshsub\tv7.4s, v3.4s, v16.4s\n+ 171e14:\t.inst\t0x1a290080 ; undefined\n+ 171e18:\t.inst\t0x4eaa2a2c ; undefined\n 171e1c:\t.inst\t0x414e204f ; undefined\n 171e20:\t.inst\t0x2020454d ; undefined\n 171e24:\t.inst\t0x41462020 ; undefined\n 171e28:\t.inst\t0x20323154 ; undefined\n 171e2c:\tfmadd\ts0, s1, s14, s8\n 171e30:\tldnp\tq30, q22, [x29, #-128]\n 171e34:\t.inst\t0x0b74c022 ; undefined\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -325465,16 +325465,16 @@\n 171df4:\tumax\tv11.4h, v19.4h, v19.4h\n 171df8:\t.inst\t0x00746166 ; undefined\n 171dfc:\t.inst\t0x00010402 ; undefined\n 171e00:\tmov\tz2.b, p0/m, za0h.b[w12, 0]\n 171e04:\t.inst\t0x0004f812 ; undefined\n 171e08:\t.inst\t0x00020020 ; undefined\n \t...\n- 171e14:\t.inst\t0xc2290080 ; undefined\n- 171e18:\tshsub\tv7.4s, v3.4s, v16.4s\n+ 171e14:\t.inst\t0x1a290080 ; undefined\n+ 171e18:\t.inst\t0x4eaa2a2c ; undefined\n 171e1c:\t.inst\t0x414e204f ; undefined\n 171e20:\t.inst\t0x2020454d ; undefined\n 171e24:\t.inst\t0x41462020 ; undefined\n 171e28:\t.inst\t0x20323154 ; undefined\n 171e2c:\tfmadd\ts0, s1, s14, s8\n 171e30:\tldnp\tq30, q22, [x29, #-128]\n 171e34:\t.inst\t0x0b74c022 ; undefined\n"}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub2-common_2.06-13+deb12u1_arm64.deb", "source2": "grub2-common_2.06-13+deb12u1_arm64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1380 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 577984 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 578016 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -20,18 +20,18 @@\n -rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 1768 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/bug/grub2-common/script\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/doc/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/grub/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1490 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 186 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub.md5sum\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/info/\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 33132 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub-dev.info.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 90527 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1700 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3378 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 33145 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub-dev.info.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 90529 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1701 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3380 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/man/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1958 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-install.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 931 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-reboot.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 666 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-set-default.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 248 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/update-grub.8.gz\n lrwxrwxrwx 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2023-10-02 14:11:34.000000 ./usr/sbin/update-grub2 -> update-grub\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub-dev.info.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub-dev.info.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub-dev.info", "source2": "grub-dev.info", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -2,6789 +2,6789 @@\n 00000010: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 .info, produced \n 00000020: 6279 206d 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 by makeinfo vers\n 00000030: 696f 6e20 362e 3820 6672 6f6d 0a67 7275 ion 6.8 from.gru\n 00000040: 622d 6465 762e 7465 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 b-dev.texi...Thi\n 00000050: 7320 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 6d61 6e75 s developer manu\n 00000060: 616c 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 al is for GNU GR\n 00000070: 5542 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3036 UB (version 2.06\n-00000080: 2c20 3720 4a61 6e75 6172 7920 3230 3234 , 7 January 2024\n-00000090: 292e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 6874 )... 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We\n-00000bc0: 2064 6566 696e 6520 6164 6469 7469 6f6e define addition\n-00000bd0: 616c 0a63 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e73 2066 al.conventions f\n-00000be0: 6f72 2047 5255 4220 6865 7265 2e0a 0a2a or GRUB here...*\n-00000bf0: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 Menu:..* Naming\n-00000c00: 2043 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e73 3a3a 0a2a Conventions::.*\n-00000c10: 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e73 3a3a 0a2a 2056 Functions::.* V\n-00000c20: 6172 6961 626c 6573 3a3a 0a2a 2054 7970 ariables::.* Typ\n-00000c30: 6573 3a3a 0a2a 204d 6163 726f 733a 3a0a es::.* Macros::.\n-00000c40: 2a20 436f 6d6d 656e 7473 3a3a 0a2a 204d * Comments::.* M\n-00000c50: 756c 7469 2d4c 696e 6520 436f 6d6d 656e ulti-Line Commen\n-00000c60: 7473 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ts::....File: gr\n-00000c70: 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f ub-dev.info, No\n-00000c80: 6465 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2043 6f6e 7665 de: Naming Conve\n-00000c90: 6e74 696f 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 ntions, Next: F\n-00000ca0: 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 2043 unctions, Up: C\n-00000cb0: 6f64 696e 6720 7374 796c 650a 0a32 2e31 oding style..2.1\n-00000cc0: 204e 616d 696e 6720 436f 6e76 656e 7469 Naming Conventi\n-00000cd0: 6f6e 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ons.============\n-00000ce0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 416c 6c20 ==========..All \n-00000cf0: 676c 6f62 616c 2073 796d 626f 6c73 2028 global symbols (\n-00000d00: 692e 652e 2020 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732c i.e. functions,\n-00000d10: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 7479 7065 variables, type\n-00000d20: 732c 2061 6e64 206d 6163 726f 7329 206d s, and macros) m\n-00000d30: 7573 740a 6861 7665 2074 6865 2070 7265 ust.have the pre\n-00000d40: 6669 7820 6772 7562 5f20 6f72 2047 5255 fix grub_ or GRU\n-00000d50: 425f 2e20 2054 6865 2061 6c6c 2063 6170 B_. The all cap\n-00000d60: 6974 616c 2066 6f72 6d20 6973 2075 7365 ital form is use\n-00000d70: 6420 6f6e 6c79 2062 790a 6d61 6372 6f73 d only by.macros\n-00000d80: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d .....File: grub-\n-00000d90: 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a dev.info, Node:\n-00000da0: 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 Functions, Nex\n-00000db0: 743a 2056 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 2050 t: Variables, P\n-00000dc0: 7265 763a 204e 616d 696e 6720 436f 6e76 rev: Naming Conv\n-00000dd0: 656e 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f entions, Up: Co\n-00000de0: 6469 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 0a0a 322e 3220 ding style..2.2 \n-00000df0: 4675 6e63 7469 6f6e 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Functions.======\n-00000e00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 6620 6120 6675 =======..If a fu\n-00000e10: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 676c 6f62 616c nction is global\n-00000e20: 2c20 6974 7320 6e61 6d65 206d 7573 7420 , its name must \n-00000e30: 6265 2070 7265 6669 7865 6420 7769 7468 be prefixed with\n-00000e40: 2067 7275 625f 2061 6e64 206d 7573 740a grub_ and must.\n-00000e50: 636f 6e73 6973 7420 6f66 206f 6e6c 7920 consist of only \n-00000e60: 736d 616c 6c20 6c65 7474 6572 732e 2020 small letters. \n-00000e70: 4966 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 If the function \n-00000e80: 6265 6c6f 6e67 7320 746f 2061 2073 7065 belongs to a spe\n-00000e90: 6369 6669 630a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206d cific.function m\n-00000ea0: 6f64 756c 652c 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 odule, the name \n-00000eb0: 6d75 7374 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 2070 7265 must also be pre\n-00000ec0: 6669 7865 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206d fixed with the m\n-00000ed0: 6f64 756c 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a 466f 7220 odule name..For \n-00000ee0: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2069 6620 6120 6675 example, if a fu\n-00000ef0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 666f 7220 6669 nction is for fi\n-00000f00: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6974 7320 le systems, its \n-00000f10: 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 7072 6566 6978 6564 name is prefixed\n-00000f20: 0a77 6974 6820 6772 7562 5f66 735f 2e20 .with grub_fs_. \n-00000f30: 2049 6620 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 If a function i\n-00000f40: 7320 666f 7220 4641 5420 6669 6c65 2073 s for FAT file s\n-00000f50: 7973 7465 6d20 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 666f ystem but not fo\n-00000f60: 7220 616c 6c0a 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 r all.file syste\n-00000f70: 6d73 2c20 6974 7320 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 ms, its name is \n-00000f80: 7072 6566 6978 6564 2077 6974 6820 6772 prefixed with gr\n-00000f90: 7562 5f66 735f 6661 745f 2e20 2054 6865 ub_fs_fat_. 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If a t\n-000016d0: 7970 6520 6973 0a66 6f72 204d 756c 7469 ype is.for Multi\n-000016e0: 626f 6f74 2062 7574 206e 6f74 2066 6f72 boot but not for\n-000016f0: 2061 6c6c 204f 5320 6c6f 6164 6572 732c all OS loaders,\n-00001700: 2069 7473 206e 616d 6520 6973 2070 7265 its name is pre\n-00001710: 6669 7865 6420 7769 7468 0a67 7275 625f fixed with.grub_\n-00001720: 6c6f 6164 6572 5f6c 696e 7578 5f2e 0a0a loader_linux_...\n-00001730: 2020 2054 6865 206e 616d 6520 6d75 7374 The name must\n-00001740: 2062 6520 7375 6666 6978 6564 2077 6974 be suffixed wit\n-00001750: 6820 5f74 2c20 746f 2065 6d70 6861 7369 h _t, to emphasi\n-00001760: 7a65 2074 6865 2066 6163 7420 7468 6174 ze the fact that\n-00001770: 2069 7420 6973 2061 0a74 7970 6520 6275 it is a.type bu\n-00001780: 7420 6e6f 7420 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 t not a variable\n-00001790: 206f 7220 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a or a function..\n-000017a0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d 6465 ...File: grub-de\n-000017b0: 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d v.info, Node: M\n-000017c0: 6163 726f 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f acros, Next: Co\n-000017d0: 6d6d 656e 7473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2054 mments, Prev: T\n-000017e0: 7970 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f64 696e ypes, Up: Codin\n-000017f0: 6720 7374 796c 650a 0a32 2e35 204d 6163 g style..2.5 Mac\n-00001800: 726f 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ros.==========..\n-00001810: 4966 2061 206d 6163 726f 2069 7320 676c If a macro is gl\n-00001820: 6f62 616c 2c20 6974 7320 6e61 6d65 206d obal, its name m\n-00001830: 7573 7420 6265 2070 7265 6669 7865 6420 ust be prefixed \n-00001840: 7769 7468 2047 5255 425f 2061 6e64 206d with GRUB_ and m\n-00001850: 7573 740a 636f 6e73 6973 7420 6f66 206f ust.consist of o\n-00001860: 6e6c 7920 6c61 7267 6520 6c65 7474 6572 nly large letter\n-00001870: 732e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 7275 6c65 7320 s. 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If you have\n+00000a80: 206d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 796f 7572 0a6c modified your.l\n+00000a90: 6f63 616c 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2c20 796f ocal version, yo\n+00000aa0: 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7265 u may need to re\n+00000ab0: 736f 6c76 6520 636f 6e66 6c69 6374 7320 solve conflicts \n+00000ac0: 7768 656e 2070 756c 6c69 6e67 2e0a 0a1f when pulling....\n+00000ad0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d 6465 762e .File: grub-dev.\n+00000ae0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f64 info, Node: Cod\n+00000af0: 696e 6720 7374 796c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 ing style, Next\n+00000b00: 3a20 4669 6e64 696e 6720 796f 7572 2077 : Finding your w\n+00000b10: 6179 2061 726f 756e 642c 2020 5072 6576 ay around, Prev\n+00000b20: 3a20 4765 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 736f : Getting the so\n+00000b30: 7572 6365 2063 6f64 652c 2020 5570 3a20 urce code, Up: \n+00000b40: 546f 700a 0a32 2043 6f64 696e 6720 7374 Top..2 Coding st\n+00000b50: 796c 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a yle.************\n+00000b60: 2a2a 0a0a 4261 7369 6361 6c6c 7920 7765 **..Basically we\n+00000b70: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 474e 5520 follow the GNU \n+00000b80: 436f 6469 6e67 2053 7461 6e64 6172 6473 Coding Standards\n+00000b90: 0a28 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 .(http://www.gnu\n+00000ba0: 2e6f 7267 2f70 7265 702f 7374 616e 6461 .org/prep/standa\n+00000bb0: 7264 735f 746f 632e 6874 6d6c 292e 2020 rds_toc.html). \n+00000bc0: 5765 2064 6566 696e 6520 6164 6469 7469 We define additi\n+00000bd0: 6f6e 616c 0a63 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e73 onal.conventions\n+00000be0: 2066 6f72 2047 5255 4220 6865 7265 2e0a for GRUB here..\n+00000bf0: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4e61 6d69 .* Menu:..* Nami\n+00000c00: 6e67 2043 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e73 3a3a ng Conventions::\n+00000c10: 0a2a 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e73 3a3a 0a2a .* Functions::.*\n+00000c20: 2056 6172 6961 626c 6573 3a3a 0a2a 2054 Variables::.* T\n+00000c30: 7970 6573 3a3a 0a2a 204d 6163 726f 733a ypes::.* Macros:\n+00000c40: 3a0a 2a20 436f 6d6d 656e 7473 3a3a 0a2a :.* Comments::.*\n+00000c50: 204d 756c 7469 2d4c 696e 6520 436f 6d6d Multi-Line Comm\n+00000c60: 656e 7473 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ents::....File: \n+00000c70: 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 grub-dev.info, \n+00000c80: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2043 6f6e Node: Naming Con\n+00000c90: 7665 6e74 696f 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a ventions, Next:\n+00000ca0: 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2c20 2055 703a Functions, Up:\n+00000cb0: 2043 6f64 696e 6720 7374 796c 650a 0a32 Coding style..2\n+00000cc0: 2e31 204e 616d 696e 6720 436f 6e76 656e .1 Naming Conven\n+00000cd0: 7469 6f6e 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d tions.==========\n+00000ce0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 416c ============..Al\n+00000cf0: 6c20 676c 6f62 616c 2073 796d 626f 6c73 l global symbols\n+00000d00: 2028 692e 652e 2020 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e (i.e. function\n+00000d10: 732c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 7479 s, variables, ty\n+00000d20: 7065 732c 2061 6e64 206d 6163 726f 7329 pes, and macros)\n+00000d30: 206d 7573 740a 6861 7665 2074 6865 2070 must.have the p\n+00000d40: 7265 6669 7820 6772 7562 5f20 6f72 2047 refix grub_ or G\n+00000d50: 5255 425f 2e20 2054 6865 2061 6c6c 2063 RUB_. 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For examp\n+00001280: 6c65 2c20 6966 2061 0a66 756e 6374 696f le, if a.functio\n+00001290: 6e20 6973 2066 6f72 2064 796e 616d 6963 n is for dynamic\n+000012a0: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2c20 6974 7320 6e61 loading, its na\n+000012b0: 6d65 2069 7320 7072 6566 6978 6564 2077 me is prefixed w\n+000012c0: 6974 6820 6772 7562 5f64 6c5f 2e20 2049 ith grub_dl_. I\n+000012d0: 660a 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 f.a variable is \n+000012e0: 666f 7220 454c 4620 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 for ELF but not \n+000012f0: 666f 7220 616c 6c20 6479 6e61 6d69 6320 for all dynamic \n+00001300: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c loading systems,\n+00001310: 2069 7473 206e 616d 650a 6973 2070 7265 its name.is pre\n+00001320: 6669 7865 6420 7769 7468 2067 7275 625f fixed with grub_\n+00001330: 646c 5f65 6c66 5f2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 dl_elf_... 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Some.\n+000013c0: 6b69 6e64 206f 6620 6162 6272 6576 6961 kind of abbrevia\n+000013d0: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7065 726d 6974 7465 tion is permitte\n+000013e0: 642c 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 6974 d, as long as it\n+000013f0: 2077 6f75 6c64 6e27 7420 6d61 6b65 2063 wouldn't make c\n+00001400: 6f64 6520 6c65 7373 0a72 6561 6461 626c ode less.readabl\n+00001410: 6520 2865 2e67 2e20 2069 3138 6e29 2e0a e (e.g. i18n)..\n+00001420: 0a20 2020 4966 2061 2076 6172 6961 626c . If a variabl\n+00001430: 6520 6973 2067 6c6f 6261 6c20 696e 2074 e is global in t\n+00001440: 6865 2073 636f 7065 206f 6620 6120 7369 he scope of a si\n+00001450: 6e67 6c65 2066 696c 6520 2869 2e65 2e20 ngle file (i.e. \n+00001460: 2069 7420 6973 0a64 6563 6c61 7265 6420 it is.declared \n+00001470: 7769 7468 2073 7461 7469 6329 2c20 6974 with static), it\n+00001480: 7320 6e61 6d65 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2073 s name may not s\n+00001490: 7461 7274 2077 6974 6820 616e 7920 7072 tart with any pr\n+000014a0: 6566 6978 2e20 2049 7420 6d75 7374 0a73 efix. It must.s\n+000014b0: 7461 7274 2077 6974 6820 6120 6e6f 756e tart with a noun\n+000014c0: 206f 7220 616e 2061 646a 6563 7469 7665 or an adjective\n+000014d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2061 2076 6172 6961 ... 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For exa\n+00001680: 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 2061 2074 7970 650a mple, if a type.\n+00001690: 6973 2066 6f72 204f 5320 6c6f 6164 6572 is for OS loader\n+000016a0: 732c 2069 7473 206e 616d 6520 6973 2070 s, its name is p\n+000016b0: 7265 6669 7865 6420 7769 7468 2067 7275 refixed with gru\n+000016c0: 625f 6c6f 6164 6572 5f2e 2020 4966 2061 b_loader_. If a\n+000016d0: 2074 7970 6520 6973 0a66 6f72 204d 756c type is.for Mul\n+000016e0: 7469 626f 6f74 2062 7574 206e 6f74 2066 tiboot but not f\n+000016f0: 6f72 2061 6c6c 204f 5320 6c6f 6164 6572 or all OS loader\n+00001700: 732c 2069 7473 206e 616d 6520 6973 2070 s, its name is p\n+00001710: 7265 6669 7865 6420 7769 7468 0a67 7275 refixed with.gru\n+00001720: 625f 6c6f 6164 6572 5f6c 696e 7578 5f2e b_loader_linux_.\n+00001730: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206e 616d 6520 6d75 .. The name mu\n+00001740: 7374 2062 6520 7375 6666 6978 6564 2077 st be suffixed w\n+00001750: 6974 6820 5f74 2c20 746f 2065 6d70 6861 ith _t, to empha\n+00001760: 7369 7a65 2074 6865 2066 6163 7420 7468 size the fact th\n+00001770: 6174 2069 7420 6973 2061 0a74 7970 6520 at it is a.type \n+00001780: 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 6120 7661 7269 6162 but not a variab\n+00001790: 6c65 206f 7220 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e le or a function\n+000017a0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d .....File: grub-\n+000017b0: 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a dev.info, Node:\n+000017c0: 204d 6163 726f 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 Macros, Next: \n+000017d0: 436f 6d6d 656e 7473 2c20 2050 7265 763a Comments, Prev:\n+000017e0: 2054 7970 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f64 Types, Up: Cod\n+000017f0: 696e 6720 7374 796c 650a 0a32 2e35 204d ing style..2.5 M\n+00001800: 6163 726f 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d acros.==========\n+00001810: 0a0a 4966 2061 206d 6163 726f 2069 7320 ..If a macro is \n+00001820: 676c 6f62 616c 2c20 6974 7320 6e61 6d65 global, its name\n+00001830: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2070 7265 6669 7865 must be prefixe\n+00001840: 6420 7769 7468 2047 5255 425f 2061 6e64 d with GRUB_ and\n+00001850: 206d 7573 740a 636f 6e73 6973 7420 6f66 must.consist of\n+00001860: 206f 6e6c 7920 6c61 7267 6520 6c65 7474 only large lett\n+00001870: 6572 732e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 7275 6c65 ers. Other rule\n+00001880: 7320 6172 6520 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 s are the same a\n+00001890: 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 0a76 s functions or.v\n+000018a0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 6465 7065 6e64 ariables, depend\n+000018b0: 696e 6720 6f6e 2077 6865 7468 6572 2061 ing on whether a\n+000018c0: 206d 6163 726f 2069 7320 7573 6564 206c macro is used l\n+000018d0: 696b 6520 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206f ike a function o\n+000018e0: 7220 610a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a1f r a.variable....\n+000018f0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d 6465 762e .File: grub-dev.\n+00001900: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d info, Node: Com\n+00001910: 6d65 6e74 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4d75 ments, Next: Mu\n+00001920: 6c74 692d 4c69 6e65 2043 6f6d 6d65 6e74 lti-Line Comment\n+00001930: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d61 6372 6f73 s, Prev: Macros\n+00001940: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f64 696e 6720 7374 , Up: Coding st\n+00001950: 796c 650a 0a32 2e36 2043 6f6d 6d65 6e74 yle..2.6 Comment\n+00001960: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a s.============..\n+00001970: 416c 6c20 636f 6d6d 656e 7473 2073 6861 All comments sha\n+00001980: 6c6c 2062 6520 432d 7374 796c 6520 636f ll be C-style co\n+00001990: 6d6d 656e 7473 2c20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 mments, of the f\n+000019a0: 6f72 6d20 272f 2a20 2e2e 2e20 2a2f 272e orm '/* ... */'.\n+000019b0: 2020 410a 636f 6d6d 656e 7420 6361 6e20 A.comment can \n+000019c0: 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 696d 6d65 6469 be placed immedi\n+000019d0: 6174 656c 7920 7072 6563 6564 696e 6720 ately preceding \n+000019e0: 7468 6520 656e 7469 7479 2069 7420 6465 the entity it de\n+000019f0: 7363 7269 6265 7320 6f72 0a69 7420 6361 scribes or.it ca\n+00001a00: 6e20 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 746f 6765 n be placed toge\n+00001a10: 7468 6572 2077 6974 6820 636f 6465 2c20 ther with code, \n+00001a20: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2064 6563 6c61 7261 variable declara\n+00001a30: 7469 6f6e 732c 206f 7220 6f74 6865 720a tions, or other.\n+00001a40: 6e6f 6e2d 636f 6d6d 656e 7420 656e 7469 non-comment enti\n+00001a50: 7469 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 ties. 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If you are\n-000021a0: 0a61 6464 696e 6720 6120 6e65 7720 6d6f .adding a new mo\n-000021b0: 6475 6c65 2077 6869 6368 2066 6f6c 6c6f dule which follo\n-000021c0: 7773 2061 6e20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2070 ws an existing p\n-000021d0: 6174 7465 726e 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 attern, such as \n-000021e0: 6120 6e65 770a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6f72 a new.command or\n-000021f0: 2061 206e 6577 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 a new filesyste\n-00002200: 6d20 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e m implementation\n-00002210: 2c20 6974 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 , it is usually \n-00002220: 6561 7369 6573 7420 746f 0a67 7265 7020 easiest to.grep \n-00002230: 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f4d 616b 6566 'grub-core/Makef\n-00002240: 696c 652e 636f 7265 2e64 6566 2720 616e ile.core.def' an\n-00002250: 6420 274d 616b 6566 696c 652e 7574 696c d 'Makefile.util\n-00002260: 2e64 6566 2720 666f 7220 616e 0a65 7869 .def' for an.exi\n-00002270: 7374 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 sting example of\n-00002280: 2074 6861 7420 7061 7474 6572 6e20 746f that pattern to\n-00002290: 2066 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6572 6520 find out where \n-000022a0: 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 6464 it should be add\n-000022b0: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 2067 656e 6572 ed... 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This contains\n-00002420: 2063 6f72 650a 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 core.facilities\n-00002430: 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2064 6576 such as the dev\n-00002440: 6963 652c 2064 6973 6b2c 2061 6e64 2066 ice, disk, and f\n-00002450: 696c 6520 6672 616d 6577 6f72 6b73 2c20 ile frameworks, \n-00002460: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 7661 7269 environment.vari\n-00002470: 6162 6c65 2068 616e 646c 696e 672c 206c able handling, l\n-00002480: 6973 7420 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 2c20 ist processing, \n-00002490: 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 and so on. The \n-000024a0: 6b65 726e 656c 2073 686f 756c 640a 636f kernel should.co\n-000024b0: 6e74 6169 6e20 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 ntain enough to \n-000024c0: 6765 7420 7570 2074 6f20 6120 7265 7363 get up to a resc\n-000024d0: 7565 2070 726f 6d70 742e 2020 4865 6164 ue prompt. 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Disk\n-00002560: 2061 6363 6573 7320 636f 6465 2069 7320 access code is \n-00002570: 7370 7265 6164 2061 6372 6f73 7320 2767 spread across 'g\n-00002580: 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f64 6973 6b2f 2720 rub-core/disk/' \n-00002590: 2866 6f72 2061 6363 6573 7369 6e67 0a74 (for accessing.t\n-000025a0: 6865 2064 6973 6b20 6465 7669 6365 7320 he disk devices \n-000025b0: 7468 656d 7365 6c76 6573 292c 2027 6772 themselves), 'gr\n-000025c0: 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 7061 7274 6d61 702f ub-core/partmap/\n-000025d0: 2720 2866 6f72 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 ' (for interpret\n-000025e0: 696e 670a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 ing.partition ta\n-000025f0: 626c 6520 6461 7461 292c 2061 6e64 2027 ble data), and '\n-00002600: 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 6673 2f27 2028 grub-core/fs/' (\n-00002610: 666f 7220 6163 6365 7373 696e 6720 6669 for accessing fi\n-00002620: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7329 2e0a 4e6f 7465 lesystems)..Note\n-00002630: 2074 6861 742c 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 that, with the \n-00002640: 6f64 6420 7370 6563 6961 6c69 7365 6420 odd specialised \n-00002650: 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e2c 2047 5255 4220 exception, GRUB \n-00002660: 6f6e 6c79 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 636f only contains co\n-00002670: 6465 0a74 6f20 5f72 6561 645f 2066 726f de.to _read_ fro\n-00002680: 6d20 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 616e m filesystems an\n-00002690: 6420 7472 6965 7320 746f 2061 766f 6964 d tries to avoid\n-000026a0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 7920 containing any \n-000026b0: 636f 6465 2074 6f0a 5f77 7269 7465 5f20 code to._write_ \n-000026c0: 746f 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 3b20 to filesystems; \n-000026d0: 7468 6973 206c 6574 7320 7573 2063 6f6e this lets us con\n-000026e0: 6669 6465 6e74 6c79 2061 7373 7572 6520 fidently assure \n-000026f0: 7573 6572 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 420a users that GRUB.\n-00002700: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 7265 7370 6f6e cannot be respon\n-00002710: 7369 626c 6520 666f 7220 6669 6c65 7379 sible for filesy\n-00002720: 7374 656d 2063 6f72 7275 7074 696f 6e2e stem corruption.\n-00002730: 0a0a 2020 2050 4349 2061 6e64 2055 5342 .. PCI and USB\n-00002740: 2062 7573 2068 616e 646c 696e 6720 6973 bus handling is\n-00002750: 2069 6e20 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f62 in 'grub-core/b\n-00002760: 7573 2f27 2e0a 0a20 2020 5669 6465 6f20 us/'... Video \n-00002770: 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2063 6f64 6520 6973 handling code is\n-00002780: 2069 6e20 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f76 in 'grub-core/v\n-00002790: 6964 656f 2f27 2e20 2054 6865 2067 7261 ideo/'. The gra\n-000027a0: 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 750a 7379 7374 phical menu.syst\n-000027b0: 656d 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 2068 6561 em uses this hea\n-000027c0: 7669 6c79 2c20 6275 7420 6973 2069 6e20 vily, but is in \n-000027d0: 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 2064 6972 6563 a separate direc\n-000027e0: 746f 7279 2c0a 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 tory,.'grub-core\n-000027f0: 2f67 6678 6d65 6e75 2f27 2e0a 0a20 2020 /gfxmenu/'... \n-00002800: 4d6f 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 Most commands ar\n-00002810: 6520 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 6279 e implemented by\n-00002820: 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 2767 7275 622d files in 'grub-\n-00002830: 636f 7265 2f63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732f 272c core/commands/',\n-00002840: 2077 6974 680a 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 with.the follow\n-00002850: 696e 6720 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a ing exceptions:.\n-00002860: 0a20 2020 2a20 4120 6665 7720 636f 7265 . * A few core\n-00002870: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6c69 7665 2069 commands live i\n-00002880: 6e20 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f6b 6572 n 'grub-core/ker\n-00002890: 6e2f 636f 7265 636d 642e 6327 2e0a 0a20 n/corecmd.c'... \n-000028a0: 2020 2a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2072 656c * Commands rel\n-000028b0: 6174 6564 2074 6f20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d ated to normal m\n-000028c0: 6f64 6520 6c69 7665 2075 6e64 6572 2027 ode live under '\n-000028d0: 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 6e6f 726d 616c grub-core/normal\n-000028e0: 2f27 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 436f 6d6d 616e /'... * Comman\n-000028f0: 6473 2074 6861 7420 6c6f 6164 2061 6e64 ds that load and\n-00002900: 2062 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6c69 boot kernels li\n-00002910: 7665 2075 6e64 6572 2027 6772 7562 2d63 ve under 'grub-c\n-00002920: 6f72 652f 6c6f 6164 6572 2f27 2e0a 0a20 ore/loader/'... \n-00002930: 2020 2a20 5468 6520 276c 6f6f 7062 6163 * The 'loopbac\n-00002940: 6b27 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7265 k' command is re\n-00002950: 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6973 6b20 6465 7669 ally a disk devi\n-00002960: 6365 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206c 6976 6573 ce, and so lives\n-00002970: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d63 in. 'grub-c\n-00002980: 6f72 652f 6469 736b 2f6c 6f6f 7062 6163 ore/disk/loopbac\n-00002990: 6b2e 6327 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 k.c'... * The \n-000029a0: 2767 6574 7465 7874 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 'gettext' comman\n-000029b0: 6420 6c69 7665 7320 756e 6465 7220 2767 d lives under 'g\n-000029c0: 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f67 6574 7465 7874 rub-core/gettext\n-000029d0: 2f27 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 276c /'... * The 'l\n-000029e0: 6f61 6466 6f6e 7427 2061 6e64 2027 6c73 oadfont' and 'ls\n-000029f0: 666f 6e74 7327 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 fonts' commands \n-00002a00: 6c69 7665 2075 6e64 6572 2027 6772 7562 live under 'grub\n-00002a10: 2d63 6f72 652f 666f 6e74 2f27 2e0a 0a20 -core/font/'... \n-00002a20: 2020 2a20 5468 6520 2773 6572 6961 6c27 * The 'serial'\n-00002a30: 2c20 2774 6572 6d69 6e66 6f27 2c20 616e , 'terminfo', an\n-00002a40: 6420 2762 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d d 'background_im\n-00002a50: 6167 6527 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6c69 age' commands li\n-00002a60: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6465 7220 2767 ve. under 'g\n-00002a70: 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f74 6572 6d2f 272e rub-core/term/'.\n-00002a80: 0a0a 2020 202a 2054 6865 2027 6566 6965 .. * The 'efie\n-00002a90: 6d75 5f2a 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206c mu_*' commands l\n-00002aa0: 6976 6520 756e 6465 7220 2767 7275 622d ive under 'grub-\n-00002ab0: 636f 7265 2f65 6669 656d 752f 272e 0a0a core/efiemu/'...\n-00002ac0: 2020 202a 204f 532d 6465 7065 6e64 656e * OS-dependen\n-00002ad0: 7420 636f 6465 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 t code should be\n-00002ae0: 2075 6e64 6572 2027 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 under 'grub-cor\n-00002af0: 652f 6f73 6465 702f 270a 0a20 2020 2a20 e/osdep/'.. * \n-00002b00: 5574 696c 6974 7920 7072 6f67 7261 6d73 Utility programs\n-00002b10: 206d 6561 6e74 2074 6f20 6265 2072 756e meant to be run\n-00002b20: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6675 6c6c 206f 7065 from a full ope\n-00002b30: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 rating system. \n-00002b40: 2020 2028 6578 6365 7074 204f 532d 6465 (except OS-de\n-00002b50: 7065 6e64 656e 7420 636f 6465 206d 656e pendent code men\n-00002b60: 7469 6f6e 6564 2070 7265 7669 6f75 736c tioned previousl\n-00002b70: 7929 2061 7265 2069 6e20 2775 7469 6c2f y) are in 'util/\n-00002b80: 272e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 '... There are\n-00002b90: 2061 2066 6577 206f 7468 6572 2073 7065 a few other spe\n-00002ba0: 6369 616c 2d70 7572 706f 7365 2065 7863 cial-purpose exc\n-00002bb0: 6570 7469 6f6e 733b 2067 7265 7020 666f eptions; grep fo\n-00002bc0: 7220 7468 656d 2069 660a 7468 6579 206d r them if.they m\n-00002bd0: 6174 7465 7220 746f 2079 6f75 2e0a 0a1f atter to you....\n-00002be0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d 6465 762e .File: grub-dev.\n-00002bf0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6e info, Node: Con\n-00002c00: 7472 6962 7574 696e 6720 4368 616e 6765 tributing Change\n-00002c10: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5570 6461 7469 s, Next: Updati\n-00002c20: 6e67 2045 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 436f 6465 ng External Code\n-00002c30: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 696e 6469 6e67 , Prev: Finding\n-00002c40: 2079 6f75 7220 7761 7920 6172 6f75 6e64 your way around\n-00002c50: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3420 436f , Up: Top..4 Co\n-00002c60: 6e74 7269 6275 7469 6e67 2063 6861 6e67 ntributing chang\n-00002c70: 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a es.*************\n-00002c80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a43 6f6e 7472 *********..Contr\n-00002c90: 6962 7574 696e 6720 6368 616e 6765 7320 ibuting changes \n-00002ca0: 746f 2047 5255 4220 3220 6973 2077 656c to GRUB 2 is wel\n-00002cb0: 636f 6d65 6420 6163 7469 7669 7479 2e20 comed activity. \n-00002cc0: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2077 6520 6861 7665 However we have\n-00002cd0: 2061 0a62 6974 206f 6620 636f 6e74 726f a.bit of contro\n-00002ce0: 6c20 7768 6174 206b 696e 6420 6f66 2063 l what kind of c\n-00002cf0: 6861 6e67 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 hanges will be a\n-00002d00: 6363 6570 7465 6420 746f 2047 5255 4220 ccepted to GRUB \n-00002d10: 322e 0a54 6865 7265 666f 7265 2069 7420 2..Therefore it \n-00002d20: 6973 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2074 6f20 is important to \n-00002d30: 6469 7363 7573 7320 796f 7572 2063 6861 discuss your cha\n-00002d40: 6e67 6573 206f 6e20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 nges on grub-dev\n-00002d50: 656c 206d 6169 6c69 6e67 0a6c 6973 7420 el mailing.list \n-00002d60: 2873 6565 204d 6169 6c69 6e67 4c69 7374 (see MailingList\n-00002d70: 7329 2e20 204f 6e20 7468 6973 2070 6167 s). On this pag\n-00002d80: 6520 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 736f 6d65 e there are some\n-00002d90: 2062 6173 6963 2064 6574 6169 6c73 206f basic details o\n-00002da0: 6e0a 7468 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e n.the developmen\n-00002db0: 7420 7072 6f63 6573 7320 616e 6420 6163 t process and ac\n-00002dc0: 7469 7669 7469 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 tivities... Fi\n-00002dd0: 7273 7420 6f66 2061 6c6c 2079 6f75 2073 rst of all you s\n-00002de0: 686f 756c 6420 636f 6d65 2075 7020 7769 hould come up wi\n-00002df0: 7468 2074 6865 2069 6465 6120 796f 7572 th the idea your\n-00002e00: 7365 6c66 2077 6861 7420 796f 7520 7761 self what you wa\n-00002e10: 6e74 0a74 6f20 636f 6e74 7269 6275 7465 nt.to contribute\n-00002e20: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 . If you do not\n-00002e30: 2068 6176 6520 7468 6174 2062 6566 6f72 have that befor\n-00002e40: 6568 616e 6420 796f 7520 6172 6520 6164 ehand you are ad\n-00002e50: 7669 7365 6420 746f 0a73 7475 6479 2074 vised to.study t\n-00002e60: 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2061 6e64 2074 his manual and t\n-00002e70: 7279 2047 5255 4220 3220 6f75 7420 746f ry GRUB 2 out to\n-00002e80: 2073 6565 2077 6861 7420 796f 7520 7468 see what you th\n-00002e90: 696e 6b20 6973 206d 6973 7369 6e67 0a66 ink is missing.f\n-00002ea0: 726f 6d20 7468 6572 652e 0a0a 2020 2048 rom there... H\n-00002eb0: 6572 6520 6172 6520 6164 6469 7469 6f6e ere are addition\n-00002ec0: 616c 2070 6f69 6e74 6572 733a 0a20 2020 al pointers:. \n-00002ed0: 2a20 3c68 7474 7073 3a2f 2f73 6176 616e * . * .. If you\n-00002f60: 2069 6e74 656e 6465 6420 746f 206d 616b intended to mak\n-00002f70: 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 746f 2047 5255 e changes to GRU\n-00002f80: 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2028 3c3d 302e 3937 B Legacy (<=0.97\n-00002f90: 2920 7468 6f73 6520 6172 6520 6e6f 740a ) those are not.\n-00002fa0: 6163 6365 7074 6564 2061 6e79 6d6f 7265 accepted anymore\n-00002fb0: 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4765 ...* Menu:..* Ge\n-00002fc0: 7474 696e 6720 7374 6172 7465 643a 3a0a tting started::.\n-00002fd0: 2a20 5479 7069 6361 6c20 4465 7665 6c6f * Typical Develo\n-00002fe0: 7065 7220 4578 7065 7269 656e 6365 3a3a per Experience::\n-00002ff0: 0a2a 2057 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6172 6520 .* When you are \n-00003000: 6170 7072 6f76 6564 2066 6f72 2077 7269 approved for wri\n-00003010: 7465 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2070 726f te access to pro\n-00003020: 6a65 6374 2773 2066 696c 6573 3a3a 0a0a ject's files::..\n-00003030: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 ..File: grub-dev\n-00003040: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 .info, Node: Ge\n-00003050: 7474 696e 6720 7374 6172 7465 642c 2020 tting started, \n-00003060: 4e65 7874 3a20 5479 7069 6361 6c20 4465 Next: Typical De\n-00003070: 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 4578 7065 7269 656e veloper Experien\n-00003080: 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 7472 6962 ce, Up: Contrib\n-00003090: 7574 696e 6720 4368 616e 6765 730a 0a34 uting Changes..4\n-000030a0: 2e31 2047 6574 7469 6e67 2073 7461 7274 .1 Getting start\n-000030b0: 6564 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ed.=============\n-000030c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 2020 202a 2041 6c77 ======.. * Alw\n-000030d0: 6179 7320 7573 6520 6c61 7465 7374 2047 ays use latest G\n-000030e0: 5255 4220 3220 736f 7572 6365 2063 6f64 RUB 2 source cod\n-000030f0: 652e 2020 536f 2067 6574 2074 6861 7420 e. So get that \n-00003100: 6669 7273 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 first... For\n-00003110: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 7320 6974 2069 developers it i\n-00003120: 7320 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 616c s recommended al\n-00003130: 7761 7973 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 ways to use the \n-00003140: 6e65 7765 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7665 newest. deve\n-00003150: 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 lopment version \n-00003160: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 322e 2020 4966 2064 of GRUB 2. If d\n-00003170: 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2074 616b 6573 evelopment takes\n-00003180: 2061 206c 6f6e 6720 7065 7269 6f64 0a20 a long period. \n-00003190: 2020 2020 6f66 2074 696d 652c 2070 6c65 of time, ple\n-000031a0: 6173 6520 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 2074 6f20 ase remember to \n-000031b0: 6b65 6570 2069 6e20 7379 6e63 2077 6974 keep in sync wit\n-000031c0: 6820 6e65 7765 7374 2064 6576 656c 6f70 h newest develop\n-000031d0: 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2072 6567 756c ments. regul\n-000031e0: 6172 6c79 2073 6f20 6974 2069 7320 6d75 arly so it is mu\n-000031f0: 6368 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 2069 6e74 ch easier to int\n-00003200: 6567 7261 7465 2079 6f75 7220 6368 616e egrate your chan\n-00003210: 6765 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 ge in the. f\n-00003220: 7574 7572 652e 2020 4752 5542 2032 2069 uture. GRUB 2 i\n-00003230: 7320 6265 696e 6720 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 s being develope\n-00003240: 6420 696e 2061 2047 4954 2072 6570 6f73 d in a GIT repos\n-00003250: 6974 6f72 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 itory... Ple\n-00003260: 6173 6520 6368 6563 6b20 5361 7661 6e6e ase check Savann\n-00003270: 6168 2773 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f6a 6563 ah's GRUB projec\n-00003280: 7420 7061 6765 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 t page for detai\n-00003290: 6c73 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 6765 740a 2020 ls how to get. \n-000032a0: 2020 206e 6577 6573 7420 6769 743a 2047 newest git: G\n-000032b0: 5255 4220 3220 6769 7420 5265 706f 7369 RUB 2 git Reposi\n-000032c0: 746f 7279 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 7073 tory. (https\n-000032d0: 3a2f 2f73 6176 616e 6e61 682e 676e 752e ://savannah.gnu.\n-000032e0: 6f72 672f 6769 742f 3f67 726f 7570 3d67 org/git/?group=g\n-000032f0: 7275 6229 0a0a 2020 202a 2043 6f6d 7069 rub).. * Compi\n-00003300: 6c65 2069 7420 616e 6420 7472 7920 6974 le it and try it\n-00003310: 206f 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 out... It i\n-00003320: 7320 616c 7761 7973 2067 6f6f 6420 6964 s always good id\n-00003330: 6561 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 7365 6520 ea to first see \n-00003340: 7468 6174 2074 6869 6e67 7320 776f 726b that things work\n-00003350: 2073 6f6d 6568 6f77 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 somehow and. \n-00003360: 2020 6166 7465 7220 7468 6174 2074 6f20 after that to \n-00003370: 7374 6172 7420 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 start to impleme\n-00003380: 6e74 206e 6577 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 nt new features \n-00003390: 6f72 2064 6576 656c 6f70 2066 6978 6573 or develop fixes\n-000033a0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2062 7567 732e 0a0a to. bugs...\n-000033b0: 2020 202a 2053 7475 6479 2074 6865 2063 * Study the c\n-000033c0: 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 7265 ode... There\n-000033d0: 2061 7265 2073 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 206f are sometimes o\n-000033e0: 6464 2077 6179 7320 746f 2064 6f20 7468 dd ways to do th\n-000033f0: 696e 6773 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2063 ings in GRUB 2 c\n-00003400: 6f64 6520 6261 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 ode base.. T\n-00003410: 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 7265 his is mainly re\n-00003420: 6c61 7465 6420 746f 206c 696d 6974 6564 lated to limited\n-00003430: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2077 6865 environment whe\n-00003440: 7265 2047 5255 4220 3220 6973 2062 6569 re GRUB 2 is bei\n-00003450: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6563 7574 6564 ng. executed\n-00003460: 2e20 2059 6f75 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2064 . You usually d\n-00003470: 6f20 6e6f 7420 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 756e o not need to un\n-00003480: 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2069 7420 616c 6c20 derstand it all \n-00003490: 736f 2069 7420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6265 so it is. be\n-000034a0: 7474 6572 2074 6f20 6f6e 6c79 2074 7279 tter to only try\n-000034b0: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 706c 6163 to look at plac\n-000034c0: 6573 2074 6861 7420 7265 6c61 7465 7320 es that relates \n-000034d0: 746f 2079 6f75 7220 776f 726b 2e0a 2020 to your work.. \n-000034e0: 2020 2050 6c65 6173 6520 646f 206e 6f74 Please do not\n-000034f0: 2068 6573 6974 6174 6520 746f 2061 736b hesitate to ask\n-00003500: 2066 6f72 2068 656c 7020 6966 2074 6865 for help if the\n-00003510: 7265 2069 7320 736f 6d65 7468 696e 6720 re is something \n-00003520: 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7520 646f that. you do\n-00003530: 206e 6f74 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 642e not understand.\n-00003540: 0a0a 2020 202a 2044 6576 656c 6f70 2061 .. * Develop a\n-00003550: 206e 6577 2066 6561 7475 7265 2e0a 0a20 new feature... \n-00003560: 2020 2020 4e6f 7720 7468 6174 2079 6f75 Now that you\n-00003570: 206b 6e6f 7720 7768 6174 2074 6f20 646f know what to do\n-00003580: 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2069 7420 7368 6f75 and how it shou\n-00003590: 6c64 2077 6f72 6b20 696e 2047 5255 4220 ld work in GRUB \n-000035a0: 3220 636f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 6261 7365 2 code. base\n-000035b0: 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2062 6520 6672 6565 , please be free\n-000035c0: 2074 6f20 6465 7665 6c6f 7020 6974 2e20 to develop it. \n-000035d0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 206e 6f74 If you have not\n-000035e0: 2073 6f20 6661 720a 2020 2020 2061 6e6e so far. ann\n-000035f0: 6f75 6e63 6564 2079 6f75 7220 6964 6561 ounced your idea\n-00003600: 206f 6e20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 656c 206d on grub-devel m\n-00003610: 6169 6c69 6e67 206c 6973 742c 2070 6c65 ailing list, ple\n-00003620: 6173 6520 646f 2069 7420 6e6f 772e 0a20 ase do it now.. \n-00003630: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 746f 206d This is to m\n-00003640: 616b 6520 7375 7265 2079 6f75 2061 7265 ake sure you are\n-00003650: 206e 6f74 2077 6173 7469 6e67 2079 6f75 not wasting you\n-00003660: 7220 7469 6d65 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 206f r time working o\n-00003670: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 6f6c 7574 n the. solut\n-00003680: 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f ion that will no\n-00003690: 7420 6265 2069 6e74 6567 7261 7465 6420 t be integrated \n-000036a0: 746f 2047 5255 4220 3220 636f 6465 2062 to GRUB 2 code b\n-000036b0: 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2059 6f75 206d ase... You m\n-000036c0: 6967 6874 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 7475 ight want to stu\n-000036d0: 6479 206f 7572 2063 6f64 696e 6720 7374 dy our coding st\n-000036e0: 796c 6520 6265 666f 7265 2073 7461 7274 yle before start\n-000036f0: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2064 6576 656c 6f70 ing. develop\n-00003700: 6d65 6e74 2073 6f20 796f 7520 646f 206e ment so you do n\n-00003710: 6f74 206e 6565 6420 746f 2063 6861 6e67 ot need to chang\n-00003720: 6520 6d75 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f e much of the co\n-00003730: 6465 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7572 0a20 2020 de when your. \n-00003740: 2020 7061 7463 6820 6973 2062 6569 6e67 patch is being\n-00003750: 2072 6576 6965 7765 642e 2020 2873 6565 reviewed. (see\n-00003760: 202a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f64 696e 6720 7374 *note Coding st\n-00003770: 796c 653a 3a29 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 yle::).. For\n-00003780: 2065 7665 7279 2061 6363 6570 7465 6420 every accepted \n-00003790: 7061 7463 6820 7468 6572 6520 6861 7320 patch there has \n-000037a0: 746f 2065 7869 7374 2061 2043 6861 6e67 to exist a Chang\n-000037b0: 654c 6f67 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 204f 7572 eLog entry. Our\n-000037c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4368 616e 6765 4c6f 6720 . ChangeLog \n-000037d0: 636f 6e73 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6861 6e67 consist of chang\n-000037e0: 6573 2077 6974 6869 6e20 736f 7572 6365 es within source\n-000037f0: 2063 6f64 6520 616e 6420 6172 6520 6e6f code and are no\n-00003800: 740a 2020 2020 2064 6573 6372 6962 696e t. describin\n-00003810: 6720 6162 6f75 7420 7768 6174 2074 6865 g about what the\n-00003820: 2063 6861 6e67 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c6c change logicall\n-00003830: 7920 646f 6573 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 6520 y does. Please \n-00003840: 7365 650a 2020 2020 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 see. example\n-00003850: 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 s from previous \n-00003860: 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 entries... A\n-00003870: 6c73 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 2074 6861 lso remember tha\n-00003880: 7420 4752 5542 2032 2069 7320 6c69 6365 t GRUB 2 is lice\n-00003890: 6e73 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2047 504c 7633 nsed under GPLv3\n-000038a0: 206c 6963 656e 7365 2061 6e64 2074 6861 license and tha\n-000038b0: 740a 2020 2020 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206d t. usually m\n-000038c0: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6172 eans that you ar\n-000038d0: 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 746f e not allowed to\n-000038e0: 2063 6f70 7920 7069 6563 6573 206f 6620 copy pieces of \n-000038f0: 636f 6465 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 206f code from. o\n-00003900: 7468 6572 2070 726f 6a65 6374 732e 2020 ther projects. \n-00003910: 4576 656e 2069 6620 7468 6520 736f 7572 Even if the sour\n-00003920: 6365 2070 726f 6a65 6374 2773 206c 6963 ce project's lic\n-00003930: 656e 7365 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 2020 ense would be. \n-00003940: 2020 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 7769 compatible wi\n-00003950: 7468 2047 504c 7633 2c20 706c 6561 7365 th GPLv3, please\n-00003960: 2064 6973 6375 7373 2069 7420 6265 666f discuss it befo\n-00003970: 7265 6861 6e64 206f 6e20 6772 7562 2d64 rehand on grub-d\n-00003980: 6576 656c 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 696c 696e evel. mailin\n-00003990: 6720 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5465 g list... * Te\n-000039a0: 7374 2079 6f75 7220 6368 616e 6765 2e0a st your change..\n-000039b0: 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 2074 6861 7420 . Test that \n-000039c0: 796f 7572 2063 6861 6e67 6520 776f 726b your change work\n-000039d0: 7320 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 2e20 2054 7279 s properly. Try\n-000039e0: 2069 7420 6f75 7420 6120 636f 7570 6c65 it out a couple\n-000039f0: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 696d 6573 2c20 of. times, \n-00003a00: 7072 6566 6572 6162 6c79 206f 6e20 6469 preferably on di\n-00003a10: 6666 6572 656e 7420 7379 7374 656d 732c fferent systems,\n-00003a20: 2061 6e64 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 and try to find\n-00003a30: 2070 726f 626c 656d 730a 2020 2020 2077 problems. w\n-00003a40: 6974 6820 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5075 ith it... * Pu\n-00003a50: 626c 6973 6820 796f 7572 2063 6861 6e67 blish your chang\n-00003a60: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 796f e... When yo\n-00003a70: 7520 6172 6520 6861 7070 7920 7769 7468 u are happy with\n-00003a80: 2079 6f75 7220 6368 616e 6765 2c20 6669 your change, fi\n-00003a90: 7273 7420 6d61 6b65 2073 7572 6520 6974 rst make sure it\n-00003aa0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7069 6c61 is. compila\n-00003ab0: 626c 6520 7769 7468 206c 6174 6573 7420 ble with latest \n-00003ac0: 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 7665 7273 development vers\n-00003ad0: 696f 6e20 6f66 2047 5255 4220 322e 2020 ion of GRUB 2. \n-00003ae0: 4166 7465 7220 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 After that. \n-00003af0: 706c 6561 7365 2073 656e 6420 6120 7061 please send a pa\n-00003b00: 7463 6820 746f 2067 7275 622d 6465 7665 tch to grub-deve\n-00003b10: 6c20 666f 7220 7265 7669 6577 2e20 2050 l for review. P\n-00003b20: 6c65 6173 6520 6465 7363 7269 6265 2069 lease describe i\n-00003b30: 6e0a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 7220 656d 6169 n. your emai\n-00003b40: 6c20 7768 7920 796f 7520 6d61 6465 2074 l why you made t\n-00003b50: 6865 2063 6861 6e67 652c 2077 6861 7420 he change, what \n-00003b60: 6974 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2061 6e64 2073 it changes and s\n-00003b70: 6f20 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 6173 o on.. Pleas\n-00003b80: 6520 6265 2070 7265 7061 7265 6420 746f e be prepared to\n-00003b90: 2072 6563 6569 7665 2065 7665 6e20 6469 receive even di\n-00003ba0: 7363 6f75 7261 6769 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d65 scouraging comme\n-00003bb0: 6e74 7320 6162 6f75 7420 796f 7572 0a20 nts about your. \n-00003bc0: 2020 2020 7061 7463 682e 2020 5468 6572 patch. Ther\n-00003bd0: 6520 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2061 7420 e is usually at \n-00003be0: 6c65 6173 7420 736f 6d65 7468 696e 6720 least something \n-00003bf0: 7468 6174 206e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 6265 that needs to be\n-00003c00: 0a20 2020 2020 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2069 . improved i\n-00003c10: 6e20 6576 6572 7920 7061 7463 682e 0a0a n every patch...\n-00003c20: 2020 2020 2050 6c65 6173 6520 7573 6520 Please use \n-00003c30: 756e 6966 6965 6420 6469 6666 2074 6f20 unified diff to \n-00003c40: 6d61 6b65 2079 6f75 7220 7061 7463 6820 make your patch \n-00003c50: 2867 6f6f 6420 6d61 7463 6820 6f66 2061 (good match of a\n-00003c60: 7267 756d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 666f rguments. fo\n-00003c70: 7220 6469 6666 2069 7320 272d 7072 754e r diff is '-pruN\n-00003c80: 2729 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5265 7370 6f6e ')... * Respon\n-00003c90: 6420 746f 2072 6563 6569 7665 6420 6665 d to received fe\n-00003ca0: 6564 6261 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 edback... If\n-00003cb0: 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2061 736b 6564 2074 you are asked t\n-00003cc0: 6f20 6d6f 6469 6679 2079 6f75 7220 7061 o modify your pa\n-00003cd0: 7463 682c 2070 6c65 6173 6520 646f 2074 tch, please do t\n-00003ce0: 6861 7420 616e 6420 7265 7375 626d 6974 hat and resubmit\n-00003cf0: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 2066 6f72 2072 6576 . it for rev\n-00003d00: 6965 772e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 7220 6368 iew. If your ch\n-00003d10: 616e 6765 2069 7320 6c61 7267 6520 796f ange is large yo\n-00003d20: 7520 6172 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 2074 u are required t\n-00003d30: 6f20 7375 626d 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6120 o submit. a \n-00003d40: 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 6167 7265 656d copyright agreem\n-00003d50: 656e 7420 746f 2046 5346 2e20 506c 6561 ent to FSF. Plea\n-00003d60: 7365 206b 6565 7020 696e 206d 696e 6420 se keep in mind \n-00003d70: 7468 6174 2069 6620 796f 7520 6172 650a that if you are.\n-00003d80: 2020 2020 2061 736b 6564 2074 6f20 7375 asked to su\n-00003d90: 626d 6974 2066 6f72 2063 6f70 7972 6967 bmit for copyrig\n-00003da0: 6874 2061 6772 6565 6d65 6e74 2c20 7072 ht agreement, pr\n-00003db0: 6f63 6573 7320 6361 6e20 7461 6b65 2073 ocess can take s\n-00003dc0: 6f6d 6520 7469 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 616e ome time. an\n-00003dd0: 6420 6973 206d 616e 6461 746f 7279 2069 d is mandatory i\n-00003de0: 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2067 6574 2079 n order to get y\n-00003df0: 6f75 7220 6368 616e 6765 7320 696e 7465 our changes inte\n-00003e00: 6772 6174 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 grated... If\n-00003e10: 2079 6f75 2061 7265 206e 6f74 206f 6e20 you are not on \n-00003e20: 6772 7562 2d64 6576 656c 2074 6f20 7265 grub-devel to re\n-00003e30: 7370 6f6e 6420 746f 2071 7565 7374 696f spond to questio\n-00003e40: 6e73 2c20 6d6f 7374 206c 696b 656c 790a ns, most likely.\n-00003e50: 2020 2020 2079 6f75 7220 7061 7463 6820 your patch \n-00003e60: 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6163 6365 will not be acce\n-00003e70: 7074 6564 2e20 2041 6c73 6f20 6966 2070 pted. Also if p\n-00003e80: 726f 626c 656d 7320 6172 6973 6520 6672 roblems arise fr\n-00003e90: 6f6d 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2063 6861 om your. cha\n-00003ea0: 6e67 6573 206c 6174 6572 206f 6e2c 2069 nges later on, i\n-00003eb0: 7420 776f 756c 6420 6265 2070 7265 6665 t would be prefe\n-00003ec0: 7261 626c 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2061 rable that you a\n-00003ed0: 6c73 6f20 6669 7820 7468 650a 2020 2020 lso fix the. \n-00003ee0: 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e20 2053 6f20 7374 problem. So st\n-00003ef0: 6179 2061 726f 756e 6420 666f 7220 6120 ay around for a \n-00003f00: 7768 696c 652e 0a0a 2020 202a 2059 6f75 while... * You\n-00003f10: 7220 7061 7463 6820 6973 2061 6363 6570 r patch is accep\n-00003f20: 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 6f6f 6420 ted... Good \n-00003f30: 6a6f 6221 2020 596f 7572 2070 6174 6368 job! 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If you a\n+000021a0: 7265 0a61 6464 696e 6720 6120 6e65 7720 re.adding a new \n+000021b0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2077 6869 6368 2066 6f6c module which fol\n+000021c0: 6c6f 7773 2061 6e20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 lows an existing\n+000021d0: 2070 6174 7465 726e 2c20 7375 6368 2061 pattern, such a\n+000021e0: 7320 6120 6e65 770a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 s a new.command \n+000021f0: 6f72 2061 206e 6577 2066 696c 6573 7973 or a new filesys\n+00002200: 7465 6d20 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 tem implementati\n+00002210: 6f6e 2c20 6974 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c on, it is usuall\n+00002220: 7920 6561 7369 6573 7420 746f 0a67 7265 y easiest to.gre\n+00002230: 7020 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f4d 616b p 'grub-core/Mak\n+00002240: 6566 696c 652e 636f 7265 2e64 6566 2720 efile.core.def' \n+00002250: 616e 6420 274d 616b 6566 696c 652e 7574 and 'Makefile.ut\n+00002260: 696c 2e64 6566 2720 666f 7220 616e 0a65 il.def' for an.e\n+00002270: 7869 7374 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 xisting example \n+00002280: 6f66 2074 6861 7420 7061 7474 6572 6e20 of that pattern \n+00002290: 746f 2066 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6572 to find out wher\n+000022a0: 6520 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 e it should be a\n+000022b0: 6464 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 2067 656e dded... In gen\n+000022c0: 6572 616c 2c20 636f 6465 2074 6861 7420 eral, code that \n+000022d0: 6d61 7920 6265 2072 756e 2061 7420 626f may be run at bo\n+000022e0: 6f74 2074 696d 6520 6973 2069 6e20 6120 ot time is in a \n+000022f0: 7375 6264 6972 6563 746f 7279 206f 660a subdirectory of.\n+00002300: 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 272c 2077 6869 'grub-core', whi\n+00002310: 6c65 2063 6f64 6520 7468 6174 2069 7320 le code that is \n+00002320: 6f6e 6c79 2072 756e 2066 726f 6d20 7769 only run from wi\n+00002330: 7468 696e 2061 2066 756c 6c20 6f70 6572 thin a full oper\n+00002340: 6174 696e 670a 7379 7374 656d 2069 7320 ating.system is \n+00002350: 696e 2061 2073 7562 6469 7265 6374 6f72 in a subdirector\n+00002360: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206c 6576 y of the top lev\n+00002370: 656c 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c6f 772d 6c65 7665 el... Low-leve\n+00002380: 6c20 626f 6f74 2063 6f64 652c 2073 7563 l boot code, suc\n+00002390: 6820 6173 2074 6865 204d 4252 2069 6d70 h as the MBR imp\n+000023a0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2050 lementation on P\n+000023b0: 4320 4249 4f53 0a73 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 C BIOS.systems, \n+000023c0: 6973 2069 6e20 7468 6520 2767 7275 622d is in the 'grub-\n+000023d0: 636f 7265 2f62 6f6f 742f 2720 6469 7265 core/boot/' dire\n+000023e0: 6374 6f72 792e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2047 ctory... The G\n+000023f0: 5255 4220 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 696e RUB kernel is in\n+00002400: 2027 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 6b65 726e 'grub-core/kern\n+00002410: 2f27 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6e74 6169 /'. This contai\n+00002420: 6e73 2063 6f72 650a 6661 6369 6c69 7469 ns core.faciliti\n+00002430: 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2064 es such as the d\n+00002440: 6576 6963 652c 2064 6973 6b2c 2061 6e64 evice, disk, and\n+00002450: 2066 696c 6520 6672 616d 6577 6f72 6b73 file frameworks\n+00002460: 2c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 7661 , environment.va\n+00002470: 7269 6162 6c65 2068 616e 646c 696e 672c riable handling,\n+00002480: 206c 6973 7420 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 list processing\n+00002490: 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 5468 , and so on. Th\n+000024a0: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2073 686f 756c 640a e kernel should.\n+000024b0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 656e 6f75 6768 2074 contain enough t\n+000024c0: 6f20 6765 7420 7570 2074 6f20 6120 7265 o get up to a re\n+000024d0: 7363 7565 2070 726f 6d70 742e 2020 4865 scue prompt. He\n+000024e0: 6164 6572 2066 696c 6573 2066 6f72 206b ader files for k\n+000024f0: 6572 6e65 6c0a 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 ernel.facilities\n+00002500: 2c20 616d 6f6e 6720 6f74 6865 7273 2c20 , among others, \n+00002510: 6172 6520 696e 2027 696e 636c 7564 652f are in 'include/\n+00002520: 272e 0a0a 2020 2054 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 '... Terminal \n+00002530: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 implementations \n+00002540: 6172 6520 696e 2027 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 are in 'grub-cor\n+00002550: 652f 7465 726d 2f27 2e0a 0a20 2020 4469 e/term/'... Di\n+00002560: 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 636f 6465 2069 sk access code i\n+00002570: 7320 7370 7265 6164 2061 6372 6f73 7320 s spread across \n+00002580: 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f64 6973 6b2f 'grub-core/disk/\n+00002590: 2720 2866 6f72 2061 6363 6573 7369 6e67 ' (for accessing\n+000025a0: 0a74 6865 2064 6973 6b20 6465 7669 6365 .the disk device\n+000025b0: 7320 7468 656d 7365 6c76 6573 292c 2027 s themselves), '\n+000025c0: 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 7061 7274 6d61 grub-core/partma\n+000025d0: 702f 2720 2866 6f72 2069 6e74 6572 7072 p/' (for interpr\n+000025e0: 6574 696e 670a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 eting.partition \n+000025f0: 7461 626c 6520 6461 7461 292c 2061 6e64 table data), and\n+00002600: 2027 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 6673 2f27 'grub-core/fs/'\n+00002610: 2028 666f 7220 6163 6365 7373 696e 6720 (for accessing \n+00002620: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7329 2e0a 4e6f filesystems)..No\n+00002630: 7465 2074 6861 742c 2077 6974 6820 7468 te that, with th\n+00002640: 6520 6f64 6420 7370 6563 6961 6c69 7365 e odd specialise\n+00002650: 6420 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e2c 2047 5255 d exception, GRU\n+00002660: 4220 6f6e 6c79 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 B only contains \n+00002670: 636f 6465 0a74 6f20 5f72 6561 645f 2066 code.to _read_ f\n+00002680: 726f 6d20 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 rom filesystems \n+00002690: 616e 6420 7472 6965 7320 746f 2061 766f and tries to avo\n+000026a0: 6964 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e id containing an\n+000026b0: 7920 636f 6465 2074 6f0a 5f77 7269 7465 y code to._write\n+000026c0: 5f20 746f 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 _ to filesystems\n+000026d0: 3b20 7468 6973 206c 6574 7320 7573 2063 ; this lets us c\n+000026e0: 6f6e 6669 6465 6e74 6c79 2061 7373 7572 onfidently assur\n+000026f0: 6520 7573 6572 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 e users that GRU\n+00002700: 420a 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 7265 7370 B.cannot be resp\n+00002710: 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f 7220 6669 6c65 onsible for file\n+00002720: 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f72 7275 7074 696f system corruptio\n+00002730: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2050 4349 2061 6e64 2055 n... PCI and U\n+00002740: 5342 2062 7573 2068 616e 646c 696e 6720 SB bus handling \n+00002750: 6973 2069 6e20 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 is in 'grub-core\n+00002760: 2f62 7573 2f27 2e0a 0a20 2020 5669 6465 /bus/'... Vide\n+00002770: 6f20 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2063 6f64 6520 o handling code \n+00002780: 6973 2069 6e20 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 is in 'grub-core\n+00002790: 2f76 6964 656f 2f27 2e20 2054 6865 2067 /video/'. The g\n+000027a0: 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 750a 7379 raphical menu.sy\n+000027b0: 7374 656d 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 2068 stem uses this h\n+000027c0: 6561 7669 6c79 2c20 6275 7420 6973 2069 eavily, but is i\n+000027d0: 6e20 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 2064 6972 n a separate dir\n+000027e0: 6563 746f 7279 2c0a 2767 7275 622d 636f ectory,.'grub-co\n+000027f0: 7265 2f67 6678 6d65 6e75 2f27 2e0a 0a20 re/gfxmenu/'... \n+00002800: 2020 4d6f 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 Most commands \n+00002810: 6172 6520 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 are implemented \n+00002820: 6279 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 2767 7275 by files in 'gru\n+00002830: 622d 636f 7265 2f63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732f b-core/commands/\n+00002840: 272c 2077 6974 680a 7468 6520 666f 6c6c ', with.the foll\n+00002850: 6f77 696e 6720 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e73 owing exceptions\n+00002860: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4120 6665 7720 636f :.. * A few co\n+00002870: 7265 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6c69 7665 re commands live\n+00002880: 2069 6e20 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f6b in 'grub-core/k\n+00002890: 6572 6e2f 636f 7265 636d 642e 6327 2e0a ern/corecmd.c'..\n+000028a0: 0a20 2020 2a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2072 . * Commands r\n+000028b0: 656c 6174 6564 2074 6f20 6e6f 726d 616c elated to normal\n+000028c0: 206d 6f64 6520 6c69 7665 2075 6e64 6572 mode live under\n+000028d0: 2027 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 6e6f 726d 'grub-core/norm\n+000028e0: 616c 2f27 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 436f 6d6d al/'... * Comm\n+000028f0: 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 6c6f 6164 2061 ands that load a\n+00002900: 6e64 2062 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 nd boot kernels \n+00002910: 6c69 7665 2075 6e64 6572 2027 6772 7562 live under 'grub\n+00002920: 2d63 6f72 652f 6c6f 6164 6572 2f27 2e0a -core/loader/'..\n+00002930: 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 276c 6f6f 7062 . * The 'loopb\n+00002940: 6163 6b27 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 ack' command is \n+00002950: 7265 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6973 6b20 6465 really a disk de\n+00002960: 7669 6365 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206c 6976 vice, and so liv\n+00002970: 6573 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2027 6772 7562 es in. 'grub\n+00002980: 2d63 6f72 652f 6469 736b 2f6c 6f6f 7062 -core/disk/loopb\n+00002990: 6163 6b2e 6327 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 ack.c'... * Th\n+000029a0: 6520 2767 6574 7465 7874 2720 636f 6d6d e 'gettext' comm\n+000029b0: 616e 6420 6c69 7665 7320 756e 6465 7220 and lives under \n+000029c0: 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f67 6574 7465 'grub-core/gette\n+000029d0: 7874 2f27 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 xt/'... * The \n+000029e0: 276c 6f61 6466 6f6e 7427 2061 6e64 2027 'loadfont' and '\n+000029f0: 6c73 666f 6e74 7327 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 lsfonts' command\n+00002a00: 7320 6c69 7665 2075 6e64 6572 2027 6772 s live under 'gr\n+00002a10: 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 666f 6e74 2f27 2e0a ub-core/font/'..\n+00002a20: 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 2773 6572 6961 . * The 'seria\n+00002a30: 6c27 2c20 2774 6572 6d69 6e66 6f27 2c20 l', 'terminfo', \n+00002a40: 616e 6420 2762 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f and 'background_\n+00002a50: 696d 6167 6527 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 image' commands \n+00002a60: 6c69 7665 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6465 7220 live. under \n+00002a70: 2767 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f74 6572 6d2f 'grub-core/term/\n+00002a80: 272e 0a0a 2020 202a 2054 6865 2027 6566 '... * The 'ef\n+00002a90: 6965 6d75 5f2a 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 iemu_*' commands\n+00002aa0: 206c 6976 6520 756e 6465 7220 2767 7275 live under 'gru\n+00002ab0: 622d 636f 7265 2f65 6669 656d 752f 272e b-core/efiemu/'.\n+00002ac0: 0a0a 2020 202a 204f 532d 6465 7065 6e64 .. * OS-depend\n+00002ad0: 656e 7420 636f 6465 2073 686f 756c 6420 ent code should \n+00002ae0: 6265 2075 6e64 6572 2027 6772 7562 2d63 be under 'grub-c\n+00002af0: 6f72 652f 6f73 6465 702f 270a 0a20 2020 ore/osdep/'.. \n+00002b00: 2a20 5574 696c 6974 7920 7072 6f67 7261 * Utility progra\n+00002b10: 6d73 206d 6561 6e74 2074 6f20 6265 2072 ms meant to be r\n+00002b20: 756e 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6675 6c6c 206f un from a full o\n+00002b30: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a perating system.\n+00002b40: 2020 2020 2028 6578 6365 7074 204f 532d (except OS-\n+00002b50: 6465 7065 6e64 656e 7420 636f 6465 206d dependent code m\n+00002b60: 656e 7469 6f6e 6564 2070 7265 7669 6f75 entioned previou\n+00002b70: 736c 7929 2061 7265 2069 6e20 2775 7469 sly) are in 'uti\n+00002b80: 6c2f 272e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 7265 2061 l/'... There a\n+00002b90: 7265 2061 2066 6577 206f 7468 6572 2073 re a few other s\n+00002ba0: 7065 6369 616c 2d70 7572 706f 7365 2065 pecial-purpose e\n+00002bb0: 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 733b 2067 7265 7020 xceptions; grep \n+00002bc0: 666f 7220 7468 656d 2069 660a 7468 6579 for them if.they\n+00002bd0: 206d 6174 7465 7220 746f 2079 6f75 2e0a matter to you..\n+00002be0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d 6465 ...File: grub-de\n+00002bf0: 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 v.info, Node: C\n+00002c00: 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 696e 6720 4368 616e ontributing Chan\n+00002c10: 6765 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5570 6461 ges, Next: Upda\n+00002c20: 7469 6e67 2045 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 436f ting External Co\n+00002c30: 6465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 696e 6469 de, Prev: Findi\n+00002c40: 6e67 2079 6f75 7220 7761 7920 6172 6f75 ng your way arou\n+00002c50: 6e64 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3420 nd, Up: Top..4 \n+00002c60: 436f 6e74 7269 6275 7469 6e67 2063 6861 Contributing cha\n+00002c70: 6e67 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a nges.***********\n+00002c80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a43 6f6e ***********..Con\n+00002c90: 7472 6962 7574 696e 6720 6368 616e 6765 tributing change\n+00002ca0: 7320 746f 2047 5255 4220 3220 6973 2077 s to GRUB 2 is w\n+00002cb0: 656c 636f 6d65 6420 6163 7469 7669 7479 elcomed activity\n+00002cc0: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2077 6520 6861 . However we ha\n+00002cd0: 7665 2061 0a62 6974 206f 6620 636f 6e74 ve a.bit of cont\n+00002ce0: 726f 6c20 7768 6174 206b 696e 6420 6f66 rol what kind of\n+00002cf0: 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 changes will be\n+00002d00: 2061 6363 6570 7465 6420 746f 2047 5255 accepted to GRU\n+00002d10: 4220 322e 0a54 6865 7265 666f 7265 2069 B 2..Therefore i\n+00002d20: 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2074 t is important t\n+00002d30: 6f20 6469 7363 7573 7320 796f 7572 2063 o discuss your c\n+00002d40: 6861 6e67 6573 206f 6e20 6772 7562 2d64 hanges on grub-d\n+00002d50: 6576 656c 206d 6169 6c69 6e67 0a6c 6973 evel mailing.lis\n+00002d60: 7420 2873 6565 204d 6169 6c69 6e67 4c69 t (see MailingLi\n+00002d70: 7374 7329 2e20 204f 6e20 7468 6973 2070 sts). On this p\n+00002d80: 6167 6520 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 736f age there are so\n+00002d90: 6d65 2062 6173 6963 2064 6574 6169 6c73 me basic details\n+00002da0: 206f 6e0a 7468 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d on.the developm\n+00002db0: 656e 7420 7072 6f63 6573 7320 616e 6420 ent process and \n+00002dc0: 6163 7469 7669 7469 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 activities... \n+00002dd0: 4669 7273 7420 6f66 2061 6c6c 2079 6f75 First of all you\n+00002de0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 636f 6d65 2075 7020 should come up \n+00002df0: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6465 6120 796f with the idea yo\n+00002e00: 7572 7365 6c66 2077 6861 7420 796f 7520 urself what you \n+00002e10: 7761 6e74 0a74 6f20 636f 6e74 7269 6275 want.to contribu\n+00002e20: 7465 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 646f 206e te. If you do n\n+00002e30: 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7468 6174 2062 6566 ot have that bef\n+00002e40: 6f72 6568 616e 6420 796f 7520 6172 6520 orehand you are \n+00002e50: 6164 7669 7365 6420 746f 0a73 7475 6479 advised to.study\n+00002e60: 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2061 6e64 this manual and\n+00002e70: 2074 7279 2047 5255 4220 3220 6f75 7420 try GRUB 2 out \n+00002e80: 746f 2073 6565 2077 6861 7420 796f 7520 to see what you \n+00002e90: 7468 696e 6b20 6973 206d 6973 7369 6e67 think is missing\n+00002ea0: 0a66 726f 6d20 7468 6572 652e 0a0a 2020 .from there... \n+00002eb0: 2048 6572 6520 6172 6520 6164 6469 7469 Here are additi\n+00002ec0: 6f6e 616c 2070 6f69 6e74 6572 733a 0a20 onal pointers:. \n+00002ed0: 2020 2a20 3c68 7474 7073 3a2f 2f73 6176 * . * .. If y\n+00002f60: 6f75 2069 6e74 656e 6465 6420 746f 206d ou intended to m\n+00002f70: 616b 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 746f 2047 ake changes to G\n+00002f80: 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2028 3c3d 302e RUB Legacy (<=0.\n+00002f90: 3937 2920 7468 6f73 6520 6172 6520 6e6f 97) those are no\n+00002fa0: 740a 6163 6365 7074 6564 2061 6e79 6d6f t.accepted anymo\n+00002fb0: 7265 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 re...* Menu:..* \n+00002fc0: 4765 7474 696e 6720 7374 6172 7465 643a Getting started:\n+00002fd0: 3a0a 2a20 5479 7069 6361 6c20 4465 7665 :.* Typical Deve\n+00002fe0: 6c6f 7065 7220 4578 7065 7269 656e 6365 loper Experience\n+00002ff0: 3a3a 0a2a 2057 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6172 ::.* When you ar\n+00003000: 6520 6170 7072 6f76 6564 2066 6f72 2077 e approved for w\n+00003010: 7269 7465 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2070 rite access to p\n+00003020: 726f 6a65 6374 2773 2066 696c 6573 3a3a roject's files::\n+00003030: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 ....File: grub-d\n+00003040: 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ev.info, Node: \n+00003050: 4765 7474 696e 6720 7374 6172 7465 642c Getting started,\n+00003060: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5479 7069 6361 6c20 Next: Typical \n+00003070: 4465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 4578 7065 7269 Developer Experi\n+00003080: 656e 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 7472 ence, Up: Contr\n+00003090: 6962 7574 696e 6720 4368 616e 6765 730a ibuting Changes.\n+000030a0: 0a34 2e31 2047 6574 7469 6e67 2073 7461 .4.1 Getting sta\n+000030b0: 7274 6564 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d rted.===========\n+000030c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 2020 202a 2041 ========.. * A\n+000030d0: 6c77 6179 7320 7573 6520 6c61 7465 7374 lways use latest\n+000030e0: 2047 5255 4220 3220 736f 7572 6365 2063 GRUB 2 source c\n+000030f0: 6f64 652e 2020 536f 2067 6574 2074 6861 ode. So get tha\n+00003100: 7420 6669 7273 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 t first... F\n+00003110: 6f72 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 7320 6974 or developers it\n+00003120: 2069 7320 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 is recommended \n+00003130: 616c 7761 7973 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 always to use th\n+00003140: 6520 6e65 7765 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6465 e newest. de\n+00003150: 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 7665 7273 696f velopment versio\n+00003160: 6e20 6f66 2047 5255 4220 322e 2020 4966 n of GRUB 2. If\n+00003170: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2074 616b development tak\n+00003180: 6573 2061 206c 6f6e 6720 7065 7269 6f64 es a long period\n+00003190: 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 696d 652c 2070 . of time, p\n+000031a0: 6c65 6173 6520 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 2074 lease remember t\n+000031b0: 6f20 6b65 6570 2069 6e20 7379 6e63 2077 o keep in sync w\n+000031c0: 6974 6820 6e65 7765 7374 2064 6576 656c ith newest devel\n+000031d0: 6f70 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2072 6567 opments. reg\n+000031e0: 756c 6172 6c79 2073 6f20 6974 2069 7320 ularly so it is \n+000031f0: 6d75 6368 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 2069 much easier to i\n+00003200: 6e74 6567 7261 7465 2079 6f75 7220 6368 ntegrate your ch\n+00003210: 616e 6765 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ange in the. \n+00003220: 2066 7574 7572 652e 2020 4752 5542 2032 future. GRUB 2\n+00003230: 2069 7320 6265 696e 6720 6465 7665 6c6f is being develo\n+00003240: 7065 6420 696e 2061 2047 4954 2072 6570 ped in a GIT rep\n+00003250: 6f73 6974 6f72 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 ository... P\n+00003260: 6c65 6173 6520 6368 6563 6b20 5361 7661 lease check Sava\n+00003270: 6e6e 6168 2773 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f6a nnah's GRUB proj\n+00003280: 6563 7420 7061 6765 2066 6f72 2064 6574 ect page for det\n+00003290: 6169 6c73 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 6765 740a ails how to get.\n+000032a0: 2020 2020 206e 6577 6573 7420 6769 743a newest git:\n+000032b0: 2047 5255 4220 3220 6769 7420 5265 706f GRUB 2 git Repo\n+000032c0: 7369 746f 7279 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 sitory. (htt\n+000032d0: 7073 3a2f 2f73 6176 616e 6e61 682e 676e ps://savannah.gn\n+000032e0: 752e 6f72 672f 6769 742f 3f67 726f 7570 u.org/git/?group\n+000032f0: 3d67 7275 6229 0a0a 2020 202a 2043 6f6d =grub).. * Com\n+00003300: 7069 6c65 2069 7420 616e 6420 7472 7920 pile it and try \n+00003310: 6974 206f 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4974 it out... It\n+00003320: 2069 7320 616c 7761 7973 2067 6f6f 6420 is always good \n+00003330: 6964 6561 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 7365 idea to first se\n+00003340: 6520 7468 6174 2074 6869 6e67 7320 776f e that things wo\n+00003350: 726b 2073 6f6d 6568 6f77 2061 6e64 0a20 rk somehow and. \n+00003360: 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 7468 6174 2074 after that t\n+00003370: 6f20 7374 6172 7420 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 o start to imple\n+00003380: 6d65 6e74 206e 6577 2066 6561 7475 7265 ment new feature\n+00003390: 7320 6f72 2064 6576 656c 6f70 2066 6978 s or develop fix\n+000033a0: 6573 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2062 7567 732e es to. bugs.\n+000033b0: 0a0a 2020 202a 2053 7475 6479 2074 6865 .. * Study the\n+000033c0: 2063 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 code... The\n+000033d0: 7265 2061 7265 2073 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 re are sometimes\n+000033e0: 206f 6464 2077 6179 7320 746f 2064 6f20 odd ways to do \n+000033f0: 7468 696e 6773 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 things in GRUB 2\n+00003400: 2063 6f64 6520 6261 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 code base.. \n+00003410: 2054 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 This is mainly \n+00003420: 7265 6c61 7465 6420 746f 206c 696d 6974 related to limit\n+00003430: 6564 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2077 ed environment w\n+00003440: 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 3220 6973 2062 here GRUB 2 is b\n+00003450: 6569 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6563 7574 eing. execut\n+00003460: 6564 2e20 2059 6f75 2075 7375 616c 6c79 ed. You usually\n+00003470: 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 do not need to \n+00003480: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2069 7420 616c understand it al\n+00003490: 6c20 736f 2069 7420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 l so it is. \n+000034a0: 6265 7474 6572 2074 6f20 6f6e 6c79 2074 better to only t\n+000034b0: 7279 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 706c ry to look at pl\n+000034c0: 6163 6573 2074 6861 7420 7265 6c61 7465 aces that relate\n+000034d0: 7320 746f 2079 6f75 7220 776f 726b 2e0a s to your work..\n+000034e0: 2020 2020 2050 6c65 6173 6520 646f 206e Please do n\n+000034f0: 6f74 2068 6573 6974 6174 6520 746f 2061 ot hesitate to a\n+00003500: 736b 2066 6f72 2068 656c 7020 6966 2074 sk for help if t\n+00003510: 6865 7265 2069 7320 736f 6d65 7468 696e here is somethin\n+00003520: 6720 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7520 g that. you \n+00003530: 646f 206e 6f74 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e do not understan\n+00003540: 642e 0a0a 2020 202a 2044 6576 656c 6f70 d... * Develop\n+00003550: 2061 206e 6577 2066 6561 7475 7265 2e0a a new feature..\n+00003560: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7720 7468 6174 2079 . Now that y\n+00003570: 6f75 206b 6e6f 7720 7768 6174 2074 6f20 ou know what to \n+00003580: 646f 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2069 7420 7368 do and how it sh\n+00003590: 6f75 6c64 2077 6f72 6b20 696e 2047 5255 ould work in GRU\n+000035a0: 4220 3220 636f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 6261 B 2 code. ba\n+000035b0: 7365 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2062 6520 6672 se, please be fr\n+000035c0: 6565 2074 6f20 6465 7665 6c6f 7020 6974 ee to develop it\n+000035d0: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 206e . If you have n\n+000035e0: 6f74 2073 6f20 6661 720a 2020 2020 2061 ot so far. a\n+000035f0: 6e6e 6f75 6e63 6564 2079 6f75 7220 6964 nnounced your id\n+00003600: 6561 206f 6e20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 656c ea on grub-devel\n+00003610: 206d 6169 6c69 6e67 206c 6973 742c 2070 mailing list, p\n+00003620: 6c65 6173 6520 646f 2069 7420 6e6f 772e lease do it now.\n+00003630: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 746f . This is to\n+00003640: 206d 616b 6520 7375 7265 2079 6f75 2061 make sure you a\n+00003650: 7265 206e 6f74 2077 6173 7469 6e67 2079 re not wasting y\n+00003660: 6f75 7220 7469 6d65 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 our time working\n+00003670: 206f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 6f6c on the. sol\n+00003680: 7574 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 ution that will \n+00003690: 6e6f 7420 6265 2069 6e74 6567 7261 7465 not be integrate\n+000036a0: 6420 746f 2047 5255 4220 3220 636f 6465 d to GRUB 2 code\n+000036b0: 2062 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2059 6f75 base... You\n+000036c0: 206d 6967 6874 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 might want to s\n+000036d0: 7475 6479 206f 7572 2063 6f64 696e 6720 tudy our coding \n+000036e0: 7374 796c 6520 6265 666f 7265 2073 7461 style before sta\n+000036f0: 7274 696e 670a 2020 2020 2064 6576 656c rting. devel\n+00003700: 6f70 6d65 6e74 2073 6f20 796f 7520 646f opment so you do\n+00003710: 206e 6f74 206e 6565 6420 746f 2063 6861 not need to cha\n+00003720: 6e67 6520 6d75 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 nge much of the \n+00003730: 636f 6465 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7572 0a20 code when your. \n+00003740: 2020 2020 7061 7463 6820 6973 2062 6569 patch is bei\n+00003750: 6e67 2072 6576 6965 7765 642e 2020 2873 ng reviewed. (s\n+00003760: 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f64 696e 6720 ee *note Coding \n+00003770: 7374 796c 653a 3a29 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 style::).. F\n+00003780: 6f72 2065 7665 7279 2061 6363 6570 7465 or every accepte\n+00003790: 6420 7061 7463 6820 7468 6572 6520 6861 d patch there ha\n+000037a0: 7320 746f 2065 7869 7374 2061 2043 6861 s to exist a Cha\n+000037b0: 6e67 654c 6f67 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 204f ngeLog entry. O\n+000037c0: 7572 0a20 2020 2020 4368 616e 6765 4c6f ur. ChangeLo\n+000037d0: 6720 636f 6e73 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6861 g consist of cha\n+000037e0: 6e67 6573 2077 6974 6869 6e20 736f 7572 nges within sour\n+000037f0: 6365 2063 6f64 6520 616e 6420 6172 6520 ce code and are \n+00003800: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2064 6573 6372 6962 not. describ\n+00003810: 696e 6720 6162 6f75 7420 7768 6174 2074 ing about what t\n+00003820: 6865 2063 6861 6e67 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 he change logica\n+00003830: 6c6c 7920 646f 6573 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 lly does. Pleas\n+00003840: 6520 7365 650a 2020 2020 2065 7861 6d70 e see. examp\n+00003850: 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 les from previou\n+00003860: 7320 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 s entries... \n+00003870: 2041 6c73 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 2074 Also remember t\n+00003880: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2032 2069 7320 6c69 hat GRUB 2 is li\n+00003890: 6365 6e73 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2047 504c censed under GPL\n+000038a0: 7633 206c 6963 656e 7365 2061 6e64 2074 v3 license and t\n+000038b0: 6861 740a 2020 2020 2075 7375 616c 6c79 hat. usually\n+000038c0: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 means that you \n+000038d0: 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 are not allowed \n+000038e0: 746f 2063 6f70 7920 7069 6563 6573 206f to copy pieces o\n+000038f0: 6620 636f 6465 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 f code from. \n+00003900: 206f 7468 6572 2070 726f 6a65 6374 732e other projects.\n+00003910: 2020 4576 656e 2069 6620 7468 6520 736f Even if the so\n+00003920: 7572 6365 2070 726f 6a65 6374 2773 206c urce project's l\n+00003930: 6963 656e 7365 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 650a icense would be.\n+00003940: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 compatible \n+00003950: 7769 7468 2047 504c 7633 2c20 706c 6561 with GPLv3, plea\n+00003960: 7365 2064 6973 6375 7373 2069 7420 6265 se discuss it be\n+00003970: 666f 7265 6861 6e64 206f 6e20 6772 7562 forehand on grub\n+00003980: 2d64 6576 656c 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 696c -devel. mail\n+00003990: 696e 6720 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 ing list... * \n+000039a0: 5465 7374 2079 6f75 7220 6368 616e 6765 Test your change\n+000039b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 2074 6861 ... Test tha\n+000039c0: 7420 796f 7572 2063 6861 6e67 6520 776f t your change wo\n+000039d0: 726b 7320 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 2e20 2054 rks properly. T\n+000039e0: 7279 2069 7420 6f75 7420 6120 636f 7570 ry it out a coup\n+000039f0: 6c65 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 696d 6573 le of. times\n+00003a00: 2c20 7072 6566 6572 6162 6c79 206f 6e20 , preferably on \n+00003a10: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 7379 7374 656d different system\n+00003a20: 732c 2061 6e64 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6669 s, and try to fi\n+00003a30: 6e64 2070 726f 626c 656d 730a 2020 2020 nd problems. \n+00003a40: 2077 6974 6820 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 with it... * \n+00003a50: 5075 626c 6973 6820 796f 7572 2063 6861 Publish your cha\n+00003a60: 6e67 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 nge... When \n+00003a70: 796f 7520 6172 6520 6861 7070 7920 7769 you are happy wi\n+00003a80: 7468 2079 6f75 7220 6368 616e 6765 2c20 th your change, \n+00003a90: 6669 7273 7420 6d61 6b65 2073 7572 6520 first make sure \n+00003aa0: 6974 2069 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7069 it is. compi\n+00003ab0: 6c61 626c 6520 7769 7468 206c 6174 6573 lable with lates\n+00003ac0: 7420 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 7665 t development ve\n+00003ad0: 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 2047 5255 4220 322e rsion of GRUB 2.\n+00003ae0: 2020 4166 7465 7220 7468 6174 0a20 2020 After that. \n+00003af0: 2020 706c 6561 7365 2073 656e 6420 6120 please send a \n+00003b00: 7061 7463 6820 746f 2067 7275 622d 6465 patch to grub-de\n+00003b10: 7665 6c20 666f 7220 7265 7669 6577 2e20 vel for review. \n+00003b20: 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6465 7363 7269 6265 Please describe\n+00003b30: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 7220 656d in. your em\n+00003b40: 6169 6c20 7768 7920 796f 7520 6d61 6465 ail why you made\n+00003b50: 2074 6865 2063 6861 6e67 652c 2077 6861 the change, wha\n+00003b60: 7420 6974 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2061 6e64 t it changes and\n+00003b70: 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 so on.. Ple\n+00003b80: 6173 6520 6265 2070 7265 7061 7265 6420 ase be prepared \n+00003b90: 746f 2072 6563 6569 7665 2065 7665 6e20 to receive even \n+00003ba0: 6469 7363 6f75 7261 6769 6e67 2063 6f6d discouraging com\n+00003bb0: 6d65 6e74 7320 6162 6f75 7420 796f 7572 ments about your\n+00003bc0: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 682e 2020 5468 . patch. Th\n+00003bd0: 6572 6520 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2061 ere is usually a\n+00003be0: 7420 6c65 6173 7420 736f 6d65 7468 696e t least somethin\n+00003bf0: 6720 7468 6174 206e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 g that needs to \n+00003c00: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 696d 7072 6f76 6564 be. improved\n+00003c10: 2069 6e20 6576 6572 7920 7061 7463 682e in every patch.\n+00003c20: 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 6173 6520 7573 .. Please us\n+00003c30: 6520 756e 6966 6965 6420 6469 6666 2074 e unified diff t\n+00003c40: 6f20 6d61 6b65 2079 6f75 7220 7061 7463 o make your patc\n+00003c50: 6820 2867 6f6f 6420 6d61 7463 6820 6f66 h (good match of\n+00003c60: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 arguments. \n+00003c70: 666f 7220 6469 6666 2069 7320 272d 7072 for diff is '-pr\n+00003c80: 754e 2729 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5265 7370 uN')... * Resp\n+00003c90: 6f6e 6420 746f 2072 6563 6569 7665 6420 ond to received \n+00003ca0: 6665 6564 6261 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 feedback... \n+00003cb0: 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2061 736b 6564 If you are asked\n+00003cc0: 2074 6f20 6d6f 6469 6679 2079 6f75 7220 to modify your \n+00003cd0: 7061 7463 682c 2070 6c65 6173 6520 646f patch, please do\n+00003ce0: 2074 6861 7420 616e 6420 7265 7375 626d that and resubm\n+00003cf0: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6974 2066 6f72 2072 it. it for r\n+00003d00: 6576 6965 772e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 7220 eview. If your \n+00003d10: 6368 616e 6765 2069 7320 6c61 7267 6520 change is large \n+00003d20: 796f 7520 6172 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 you are required\n+00003d30: 2074 6f20 7375 626d 6974 0a20 2020 2020 to submit. \n+00003d40: 6120 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 6167 7265 a copyright agre\n+00003d50: 656d 656e 7420 746f 2046 5346 2e20 506c ement to FSF. Pl\n+00003d60: 6561 7365 206b 6565 7020 696e 206d 696e ease keep in min\n+00003d70: 6420 7468 6174 2069 6620 796f 7520 6172 d that if you ar\n+00003d80: 650a 2020 2020 2061 736b 6564 2074 6f20 e. asked to \n+00003d90: 7375 626d 6974 2066 6f72 2063 6f70 7972 submit for copyr\n+00003da0: 6967 6874 2061 6772 6565 6d65 6e74 2c20 ight agreement, \n+00003db0: 7072 6f63 6573 7320 6361 6e20 7461 6b65 process can take\n+00003dc0: 2073 6f6d 6520 7469 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 some time. \n+00003dd0: 616e 6420 6973 206d 616e 6461 746f 7279 and is mandatory\n+00003de0: 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2067 6574 in order to get\n+00003df0: 2079 6f75 7220 6368 616e 6765 7320 696e your changes in\n+00003e00: 7465 6772 6174 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 tegrated... \n+00003e10: 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 206e 6f74 206f If you are not o\n+00003e20: 6e20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 656c 2074 6f20 n grub-devel to \n+00003e30: 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 746f 2071 7565 7374 respond to quest\n+00003e40: 696f 6e73 2c20 6d6f 7374 206c 696b 656c ions, most likel\n+00003e50: 790a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 7220 7061 7463 y. your patc\n+00003e60: 6820 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6163 h will not be ac\n+00003e70: 6365 7074 6564 2e20 2041 6c73 6f20 6966 cepted. Also if\n+00003e80: 2070 726f 626c 656d 7320 6172 6973 6520 problems arise \n+00003e90: 6672 6f6d 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2063 from your. c\n+00003ea0: 6861 6e67 6573 206c 6174 6572 206f 6e2c hanges later on,\n+00003eb0: 2069 7420 776f 756c 6420 6265 2070 7265 it would be pre\n+00003ec0: 6665 7261 626c 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 ferable that you\n+00003ed0: 2061 6c73 6f20 6669 7820 7468 650a 2020 also fix the. \n+00003ee0: 2020 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e20 2053 6f20 problem. So \n+00003ef0: 7374 6179 2061 726f 756e 6420 666f 7220 stay around for \n+00003f00: 6120 7768 696c 652e 0a0a 2020 202a 2059 a while... * Y\n+00003f10: 6f75 7220 7061 7463 6820 6973 2061 6363 our patch is acc\n+00003f20: 6570 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 6f6f epted... Goo\n+00003f30: 6420 6a6f 6221 2020 596f 7572 2070 6174 d job! 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You find \n-00004150: 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2077 616e 7469 6e67 yourself wanting\n-00004160: 2074 6f20 646f 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 to do something\n-00004170: 2028 652e 672e 2020 6669 7869 6e67 2061 (e.g. fixing a\n-00004180: 2062 7567 292e 0a20 2032 2e20 596f 7520 bug).. 2. You \n-00004190: 7368 6f77 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 7375 6c74 show some result\n-000041a0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d61 696c 696e 6720 in the mailing \n-000041b0: 6c69 7374 206f 7220 7468 6520 4952 432e list or the IRC.\n-000041c0: 0a20 2033 2e20 596f 7520 6172 6520 6765 . 3. You are ge\n-000041d0: 7474 696e 6720 746f 2062 6520 6b6e 6f77 tting to be know\n-000041e0: 6e20 746f 206f 7468 6572 2064 6576 656c n to other devel\n-000041f0: 6f70 6572 732e 0a20 2034 2e20 596f 7520 opers.. 4. You \n-00004200: 6163 6375 6d75 6c61 7465 2073 6967 6e69 accumulate signi\n-00004210: 6669 6361 6e74 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 ficant amount of\n-00004220: 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2c 2073 contribution, s\n-00004230: 6f20 636f 7079 7269 6768 740a 2020 2020 o copyright. \n-00004240: 2061 7373 6967 6e6d 656e 7420 6973 2070 assignment is p\n-00004250: 726f 6365 7373 6564 2e0a 2020 352e 2059 rocessed.. 5. Y\n-00004260: 6f75 2061 7265 2066 7265 6520 746f 2063 ou are free to c\n-00004270: 6865 636b 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2063 6861 heck in your cha\n-00004280: 6e67 6573 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206f 776e nges on your own\n-00004290: 2c20 6c65 6761 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2073 , legally. s\n-000042a0: 7065 616b 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 2041 7420 peaking... 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Therefor\n-00004360: 652c 206f 7572 2070 6f6c 6963 7920 6973 e, our policy is\n-00004370: 2074 6f20 6769 7665 2079 6f75 2074 6865 to give you the\n-00004380: 0a77 7269 7465 2070 6572 6d69 7373 696f .write permissio\n-00004390: 6e20 746f 206f 7572 206f 6666 6963 6961 n to our officia\n-000043a0: 6c20 7265 706f 7369 746f 7279 2c20 6f6e l repository, on\n-000043b0: 6365 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7368 6f77 ce you have show\n-000043c0: 6e20 796f 7572 0a73 6b69 6c6c 2061 6e64 n your.skill and\n-000043d0: 2077 696c 6c2c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2046 will, and the F\n-000043e0: 5346 2063 6c65 726b 7320 6861 7665 2064 SF clerks have d\n-000043f0: 6561 6c74 2077 6974 6820 796f 7572 2063 ealt with your c\n-00004400: 6f70 7972 6967 6874 0a61 7373 6967 6e6d opyright.assignm\n-00004410: 656e 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ent.....File: gr\n-00004420: 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f ub-dev.info, No\n-00004430: 6465 3a20 5768 656e 2079 6f75 2061 7265 de: When you are\n-00004440: 2061 7070 726f 7665 6420 666f 7220 7772 approved for wr\n-00004450: 6974 6520 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7072 ite access to pr\n-00004460: 6f6a 6563 7427 7320 6669 6c65 732c 2020 oject's files, \n-00004470: 5072 6576 3a20 5479 7069 6361 6c20 4465 Prev: Typical De\n-00004480: 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 4578 7065 7269 656e veloper Experien\n-00004490: 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 7472 6962 ce, Up: Contrib\n-000044a0: 7574 696e 6720 4368 616e 6765 730a 0a34 uting Changes..4\n-000044b0: 2e33 2057 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6172 6520 .3 When you are \n-000044c0: 6170 7072 6f76 6564 2066 6f72 2077 7269 approved for wri\n-000044d0: 7465 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2070 726f te access to pro\n-000044e0: 6a65 6374 2773 2066 696c 6573 0a3d 3d3d ject's files.===\n+000040f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7479 ========..The ty\n+00004100: 7069 6361 6c20 6578 7065 7269 656e 6365 pical experience\n+00004110: 2066 6f72 2061 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 for a developer\n+00004120: 2069 6e20 7468 6973 2070 726f 6a65 6374 in this project\n+00004130: 2069 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e is the followin\n+00004140: 673a 0a0a 2020 312e 2059 6f75 2066 696e g:.. 1. You fin\n+00004150: 6420 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2077 616e 7469 d yourself wanti\n+00004160: 6e67 2074 6f20 646f 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 ng to do somethi\n+00004170: 6e67 2028 652e 672e 2020 6669 7869 6e67 ng (e.g. fixing\n+00004180: 2061 2062 7567 292e 0a20 2032 2e20 596f a bug).. 2. Yo\n+00004190: 7520 7368 6f77 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 7375 u show some resu\n+000041a0: 6c74 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d61 696c 696e lt in the mailin\n+000041b0: 6720 6c69 7374 206f 7220 7468 6520 4952 g list or the IR\n+000041c0: 432e 0a20 2033 2e20 596f 7520 6172 6520 C.. 3. You are \n+000041d0: 6765 7474 696e 6720 746f 2062 6520 6b6e getting to be kn\n+000041e0: 6f77 6e20 746f 206f 7468 6572 2064 6576 own to other dev\n+000041f0: 656c 6f70 6572 732e 0a20 2034 2e20 596f elopers.. 4. Yo\n+00004200: 7520 6163 6375 6d75 6c61 7465 2073 6967 u accumulate sig\n+00004210: 6e69 6669 6361 6e74 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 nificant amount \n+00004220: 6f66 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2c of contribution,\n+00004230: 2073 6f20 636f 7079 7269 6768 740a 2020 so copyright. \n+00004240: 2020 2061 7373 6967 6e6d 656e 7420 6973 assignment is\n+00004250: 2070 726f 6365 7373 6564 2e0a 2020 352e processed.. 5.\n+00004260: 2059 6f75 2061 7265 2066 7265 6520 746f You are free to\n+00004270: 2063 6865 636b 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2063 check in your c\n+00004280: 6861 6e67 6573 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206f hanges on your o\n+00004290: 776e 2c20 6c65 6761 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 wn, legally. \n+000042a0: 2073 7065 616b 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 2041 speaking... A\n+000042b0: 7420 7468 6973 2070 6f69 6e74 2c20 6974 t this point, it\n+000042c0: 2069 7320 7261 7468 6572 2061 6e6e 6f79 is rather annoy\n+000042d0: 696e 6720 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206f 7567 ing that you oug\n+000042e0: 6874 2074 6f20 6173 6b20 736f 6d65 626f ht to ask somebo\n+000042f0: 6479 0a65 6c73 6520 6576 6572 7920 6368 dy.else every ch\n+00004300: 616e 6765 2074 6f20 6265 2063 6865 636b ange to be check\n+00004310: 6564 2069 6e2e 2020 466f 7220 6566 6669 ed in. For effi\n+00004320: 6369 656e 6379 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6661 ciency, it is fa\n+00004330: 7220 6265 7474 6572 2c0a 6966 2079 6f75 r better,.if you\n+00004340: 2063 616e 2063 6f6d 6d69 7420 6974 2079 can commit it y\n+00004350: 6f75 7273 656c 662e 2020 5468 6572 6566 ourself. Theref\n+00004360: 6f72 652c 206f 7572 2070 6f6c 6963 7920 ore, our policy \n+00004370: 6973 2074 6f20 6769 7665 2079 6f75 2074 is to give you t\n+00004380: 6865 0a77 7269 7465 2070 6572 6d69 7373 he.write permiss\n+00004390: 696f 6e20 746f 206f 7572 206f 6666 6963 ion to our offic\n+000043a0: 6961 6c20 7265 706f 7369 746f 7279 2c20 ial repository, \n+000043b0: 6f6e 6365 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7368 once you have sh\n+000043c0: 6f77 6e20 796f 7572 0a73 6b69 6c6c 2061 own your.skill a\n+000043d0: 6e64 2077 696c 6c2c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 nd will, and the\n+000043e0: 2046 5346 2063 6c65 726b 7320 6861 7665 FSF clerks have\n+000043f0: 2064 6561 6c74 2077 6974 6820 796f 7572 dealt with your\n+00004400: 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 0a61 7373 6967 copyright.assig\n+00004410: 6e6d 656e 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 nment.....File: \n+00004420: 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 grub-dev.info, \n+00004430: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5768 656e 2079 6f75 2061 Node: When you a\n+00004440: 7265 2061 7070 726f 7665 6420 666f 7220 re approved for \n+00004450: 7772 6974 6520 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 write access to \n+00004460: 7072 6f6a 6563 7427 7320 6669 6c65 732c project's files,\n+00004470: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5479 7069 6361 6c20 Prev: Typical \n+00004480: 4465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 4578 7065 7269 Developer Experi\n+00004490: 656e 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 7472 ence, Up: Contr\n+000044a0: 6962 7574 696e 6720 4368 616e 6765 730a ibuting Changes.\n+000044b0: 0a34 2e33 2057 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6172 .4.3 When you ar\n+000044c0: 6520 6170 7072 6f76 6564 2066 6f72 2077 e approved for w\n+000044d0: 7269 7465 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2070 rite access to p\n+000044e0: 726f 6a65 6374 2773 2066 696c 6573 0a3d roject's files.=\n 000044f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00004500: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00004510: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004520: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4173 2079 ==========..As y\n-00004530: 6f75 206d 6967 6874 206b 6e6f 772c 2047 ou might know, G\n-00004540: 5255 4220 6973 2068 6f73 7465 6420 6f6e RUB is hosted on\n-00004550: 0a3c 6874 7470 733a 2f2f 7361 7661 6e6e ., thus the mem\n-00004590: 6265 7273 6869 700a 6973 206d 616e 6167 bership.is manag\n-000045a0: 6564 2062 7920 5361 7661 6e6e 6168 2e20 ed by Savannah. \n-000045b0: 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 This means that\n-000045c0: 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f , if you want to\n-000045d0: 2062 6520 6120 6d65 6d62 6572 206f 660a be a member of.\n-000045e0: 7468 6973 2070 726f 6a65 6374 3a0a 0a20 this project:.. \n-000045f0: 2031 2e20 596f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 1. You need to \n-00004600: 6372 6561 7465 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 6e20 create your own \n-00004610: 6163 636f 756e 7420 6f6e 2053 6176 616e account on Savan\n-00004620: 6e61 682e 0a20 2032 2e20 596f 7520 6361 nah.. 2. You ca\n-00004630: 6e20 7375 626d 6974 2022 5265 7175 6573 n submit \"Reques\n-00004640: 7420 666f 7220 496e 636c 7573 696f 6e22 t for Inclusion\"\n-00004650: 2066 726f 6d20 224d 7920 4772 6f75 7073 from \"My Groups\n-00004660: 2220 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 5361 7661 6e6e \" on. Savann\n-00004670: 6168 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2c20 6f6e ah... Then, on\n-00004680: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2061 646d 696e 7320 e of the admins \n-00004690: 6361 6e20 6170 7072 6f76 6520 796f 7572 can approve your\n-000046a0: 2072 6571 7565 7374 2c20 616e 6420 796f request, and yo\n-000046b0: 7520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 610a 6d65 6d62 u will be a.memb\n-000046c0: 6572 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 646f 6e27 er. 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If your in\n-000048d0: 7465 6e74 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6f20 6a75 tention is to ju\n-000048e0: 7374 2067 6574 2073 7461 7274 6564 2c20 st get started, \n-000048f0: 706c 6561 7365 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 7375 please do not su\n-00004900: 626d 6974 2061 0a69 6e63 6c75 7369 6f6e bmit a.inclusion\n-00004910: 2072 6571 7565 7374 2e20 2049 6e73 7465 request. Inste\n-00004920: 6164 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2073 7562 7363 ad, please subsc\n-00004930: 7269 6265 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 696c ribe to the mail\n-00004940: 696e 6720 6c69 7374 2c20 616e 640a 636f ing list, and.co\n-00004950: 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 6520 6669 7273 7420 mmunicate first \n-00004960: 2865 2e67 2e20 2073 656e 6469 6e67 2061 (e.g. sending a\n-00004970: 2070 6174 6368 2c20 6173 6b69 6e67 2061 patch, asking a\n-00004980: 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e2c 2063 6f6d 6d65 question, comme\n-00004990: 6e74 696e 670a 6f6e 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 nting.on another\n-000049a0: 206d 6573 7361 6765 2e2e 2e29 2e0a 0a1f message...)....\n-000049b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d 6465 762e .File: grub-dev.\n-000049c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 7064 info, Node: Upd\n-000049d0: 6174 696e 6720 4578 7465 726e 616c 2043 ating External C\n-000049e0: 6f64 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 506f 7274 ode, Next: Port\n-000049f0: 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6e74 ing, Prev: Cont\n-00004a00: 7269 6275 7469 6e67 2043 6861 6e67 6573 ributing Changes\n-00004a10: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3520 5570 , Up: Top..5 Up\n-00004a20: 6461 7469 6e67 2065 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 dating external \n-00004a30: 636f 6465 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a code.***********\n-00004a40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 *************..G\n-00004a50: 5255 4220 696e 636c 7564 6573 2073 6f6d RUB includes som\n-00004a60: 6520 636f 6465 2066 726f 6d20 6f74 6865 e code from othe\n-00004a70: 7220 7072 6f6a 6563 7473 2c20 616e 6420 r projects, and \n-00004a80: 6974 2069 7320 736f 6d65 7469 6d65 730a it is sometimes.\n-00004a90: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f 2075 7064 necessary to upd\n-00004aa0: 6174 6520 6974 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a ate it...* Menu:\n-00004ab0: 0a0a 2a20 476e 756c 6962 3a3a 0a2a 206a ..* Gnulib::.* j\n-00004ac0: 736d 6e3a 3a0a 2a20 6d69 6e69 6c7a 6f3a smn::.* minilzo:\n-00004ad0: 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d :....File: grub-\n-00004ae0: 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a dev.info, Node:\n-00004af0: 2047 6e75 6c69 622c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 Gnulib, Next: \n-00004b00: 6a73 6d6e 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7064 6174 jsmn, Up: Updat\n-00004b10: 696e 6720 4578 7465 726e 616c 2043 6f64 ing External Cod\n-00004b20: 650a 0a35 2e31 2047 6e75 6c69 620a 3d3d e..5.1 Gnulib.==\n-00004b30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 476e 756c 6962 ========..Gnulib\n-00004b40: 2069 7320 6120 736f 7572 6365 2063 6f64 is a source cod\n-00004b50: 6520 6c69 6272 6172 7920 7468 6174 2070 e library that p\n-00004b60: 726f 7669 6465 7320 6261 7369 6320 6675 rovides basic fu\n-00004b70: 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 746f 0a70 nctionality to.p\n-00004b80: 726f 6772 616d 7320 616e 6420 6c69 6272 rograms and libr\n-00004b90: 6172 6965 732e 2020 4d61 6e79 2073 6f66 aries. Many sof\n-00004ba0: 7477 6172 6520 7061 636b 6167 6573 206d tware packages m\n-00004bb0: 616b 6520 7573 6520 6f66 2047 6e75 6c69 ake use of Gnuli\n-00004bc0: 6220 746f 0a61 766f 6964 2072 6569 6e76 b to.avoid reinv\n-00004bd0: 656e 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2070 6f72 7461 enting the porta\n-00004be0: 6269 6c69 7479 2077 6865 656c 2e0a 0a20 bility wheel... \n-00004bf0: 2020 4752 5542 2069 6d70 6f72 7473 2047 GRUB imports G\n-00004c00: 6e75 6c69 6220 7573 696e 6720 6974 7320 nulib using its \n-00004c10: 2762 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 2720 7574 696c 'bootstrap' util\n-00004c20: 6974 792c 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 ity, identifying\n-00004c30: 2061 0a70 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 4769 a.particular Gi\n-00004c40: 7420 636f 6d6d 6974 2069 6e20 2762 6f6f t commit in 'boo\n-00004c50: 7473 7472 6170 2e63 6f6e 6627 2e20 2054 tstrap.conf'. T\n-00004c60: 6f20 7570 6772 6164 6520 746f 2061 206e o upgrade to a n\n-00004c70: 6577 2047 6e75 6c69 620a 636f 6d6d 6974 ew Gnulib.commit\n-00004c80: 2c20 7365 7420 2747 4e55 4c49 425f 5245 , set 'GNULIB_RE\n-00004c90: 5649 5349 4f4e 2720 696e 2027 626f 6f74 VISION' in 'boot\n-00004ca0: 7374 7261 702e 636f 6e66 2720 746f 2074 strap.conf' to t\n-00004cb0: 6865 206e 6577 2063 6f6d 6d69 7420 4944 he new commit ID\n-00004cc0: 2c0a 7468 656e 2072 756e 2027 2e2f 626f ,.then run './bo\n-00004cd0: 6f74 7374 7261 7027 2061 6e64 2077 6861 otstrap' and wha\n-00004ce0: 7465 7665 7220 656c 7365 2079 6f75 206e tever else you n\n-00004cf0: 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 7375 7265 eed to make sure\n-00004d00: 2069 7420 776f 726b 732e 0a43 6865 636b it works..Check\n-00004d10: 2066 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 6f20 for changes to \n-00004d20: 476e 756c 6962 2773 2027 4e45 5753 2720 Gnulib's 'NEWS' \n-00004d30: 6669 6c65 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 file between the\n-00004d40: 206f 6c64 2061 6e64 206e 6577 0a63 6f6d old and new.com\n-00004d50: 6d69 7473 3b20 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 mits; in some ca\n-00004d60: 7365 7320 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206e ses it will be n\n-00004d70: 6563 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f20 6164 6a75 ecessary to adju\n-00004d80: 7374 2047 5255 4220 746f 206d 6174 6368 st GRUB to match\n-00004d90: 2e0a 596f 7520 6d61 7920 616c 736f 206e ..You may also n\n-00004da0: 6565 6420 746f 2075 7064 6174 6520 7468 eed to update th\n-00004db0: 6520 7061 7463 6865 7320 696e 0a27 6772 e patches in.'gr\n-00004dc0: 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 6c69 622f 676e 756c ub-core/lib/gnul\n-00004dd0: 6962 2d70 6174 6368 6573 2f27 2e0a 0a20 ib-patches/'... \n-00004de0: 2020 546f 2061 6464 2061 206e 6577 2047 To add a new G\n-00004df0: 6e75 6c69 6220 6d6f 6475 6c65 206f 7220 nulib module or \n-00004e00: 7265 6d6f 7665 206f 6e65 2074 6861 7420 remove one that \n-00004e10: 6973 206e 6f20 6c6f 6e67 6572 206e 6565 is no longer nee\n-00004e20: 6465 642c 0a63 6861 6e67 6520 2767 6e75 ded,.change 'gnu\n-00004e30: 6c69 625f 6d6f 6475 6c65 7327 2069 6e20 lib_modules' in \n-00004e40: 2762 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 2e63 6f6e 6627 'bootstrap.conf'\n-00004e50: 2e20 2041 6761 696e 2c20 7275 6e20 272e . Again, run '.\n-00004e60: 2f62 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 270a 616e 6420 /bootstrap'.and \n-00004e70: 7768 6174 6576 6572 2065 6c73 6520 796f whatever else yo\n-00004e80: 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2073 u need to make s\n-00004e90: 7572 6520 6974 2077 6f72 6b73 2e0a 0a20 ure it works... \n-00004ea0: 2020 426f 6f74 7374 7261 7070 696e 6720 Bootstrapping \n-00004eb0: 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 6f6c 6465 7220 6469 from an older di\n-00004ec0: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6e 7461 stribution conta\n-00004ed0: 696e 696e 6720 6765 7474 6578 7420 7665 ining gettext ve\n-00004ee0: 7273 696f 6e20 3c0a 302e 3138 2e33 2c20 rsion <.0.18.3, \n-00004ef0: 7769 6c6c 2072 6571 7569 7265 2061 2070 will require a p\n-00004f00: 6174 6368 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 atch similar to \n-00004f10: 7468 6973 2074 6f20 6265 2061 7070 6c69 this to be appli\n-00004f20: 6564 2066 6972 7374 2062 6566 6f72 650a ed first before.\n-00004f30: 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 272e 2f62 running the './b\n-00004f40: 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 2720 7574 696c 6974 ootstrap' utilit\n-00004f50: 793a 0a0a 2020 2020 2064 6966 6620 2d2d y:.. diff --\n-00004f60: 6769 7420 612f 626f 6f74 7374 7261 702e git a/bootstrap.\n-00004f70: 636f 6e66 2062 2f62 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 conf b/bootstrap\n-00004f80: 2e63 6f6e 660a 2020 2020 2069 6e64 6578 .conf. index\n-00004f90: 2039 3838 6464 6130 2e2e 6133 3139 3361 988dda0..a3193a\n-00004fa0: 3920 3130 3036 3434 0a20 2020 2020 2d2d 9 100644. --\n-00004fb0: 2d20 612f 626f 6f74 7374 7261 702e 636f - a/bootstrap.co\n-00004fc0: 6e66 0a20 2020 2020 2b2b 2b20 622f 626f nf. +++ b/bo\n-00004fd0: 6f74 7374 7261 702e 636f 6e66 0a20 2020 otstrap.conf. \n-00004fe0: 2020 4020 2d36 372c 3720 2b36 372c 3720 @ -67,7 +67,7 \n-00004ff0: 4020 534b 4950 5f50 4f3d 740a 2020 2020 @ SKIP_PO=t. \n-00005000: 2062 7569 6c64 7265 713d 225c 0a20 2020 buildreq=\"\\. \n-00005010: 2020 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2020 2032 2e36 autoconf 2.6\n-00005020: 330a 2020 2020 2061 7574 6f6d 616b 6520 3. automake \n-00005030: 2020 312e 3131 0a20 2020 2020 2d67 6574 1.11. -get\n-00005040: 7465 7874 2020 2020 302e 3138 2e33 0a20 text 0.18.3. \n-00005050: 2020 2020 2b67 6574 7465 7874 2020 2020 +gettext \n-00005060: 302e 3137 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7420 2020 0.17. git \n-00005070: 2020 2020 2031 2e35 2e35 0a20 2020 2020 1.5.5. \n-00005080: 7461 7220 2020 2020 2020 202d 0a20 2020 tar -. \n-00005090: 2020 220a 2020 2020 2064 6966 6620 2d2d \". diff --\n-000050a0: 6769 7420 612f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 652e git a/configure.\n-000050b0: 6163 2062 2f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2e61 ac b/configure.a\n-000050c0: 630a 2020 2020 2069 6e64 6578 2030 3862 c. index 08b\n-000050d0: 3531 3866 2e2e 3939 6635 6233 3620 3130 518f..99f5b36 10\n-000050e0: 3036 3434 0a20 2020 2020 2d2d 2d20 612f 0644. --- a/\n-000050f0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 652e 6163 0a20 2020 configure.ac. \n-00005100: 2020 2b2b 2b20 622f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 +++ b/configur\n-00005110: 652e 6163 0a20 2020 2020 4020 2d33 3632 e.ac. @ -362\n-00005120: 2c37 202b 3336 322c 3720 4020 4143 5f43 ,7 +362,7 @ AC_C\n-00005130: 4845 434b 5f50 524f 4728 4841 5645 5f43 HECK_PROG(HAVE_C\n-00005140: 5858 2c20 2443 5858 2c20 7965 732c 206e XX, $CXX, yes, n\n-00005150: 6f29 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 435f 474e 555f o).. AC_GNU_\n-00005160: 534f 5552 4345 0a20 2020 2020 414d 5f47 SOURCE. AM_G\n-00005170: 4e55 5f47 4554 5445 5854 285b 6578 7465 NU_GETTEXT([exte\n-00005180: 726e 616c 5d29 0a20 2020 2020 2d41 4d5f rnal]). -AM_\n-00005190: 474e 555f 4745 5454 4558 545f 5645 5253 GNU_GETTEXT_VERS\n-000051a0: 494f 4e28 5b30 2e31 382e 335d 290a 2020 ION([0.18.3]). \n-000051b0: 2020 202b 414d 5f47 4e55 5f47 4554 5445 +AM_GNU_GETTE\n-000051c0: 5854 5f56 4552 5349 4f4e 285b 302e 3137 XT_VERSION([0.17\n-000051d0: 5d29 0a20 2020 2020 4143 5f53 5953 5f4c ]). AC_SYS_L\n-000051e0: 4152 4745 4649 4c45 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 ARGEFILE.. #\n-000051f0: 2049 6465 6e74 6966 7920 6368 6172 6163 Identify charac\n-00005200: 7465 7269 7374 6963 7320 6f66 2074 6865 teristics of the\n-00005210: 2068 6f73 7420 6172 6368 6974 6563 7475 host architectu\n-00005220: 7265 2e0a 0a0a 2020 2049 7420 7769 6c6c re.... It will\n-00005230: 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 206e 6563 6573 7361 also be necessa\n-00005240: 7279 2074 6f20 6164 6a75 7374 2074 6865 ry to adjust the\n-00005250: 2070 6174 6368 6573 2069 6e0a 2770 6f2f patches in.'po/\n-00005260: 6765 7474 6578 742d 7061 7463 6865 732f gettext-patches/\n-00005270: 2720 746f 2061 7070 6c79 2074 6f20 616e ' to apply to an\n-00005280: 206f 6c64 6572 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206f older version o\n-00005290: 6620 6765 7474 6578 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 f gettext.....Fi\n-000052a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 le: grub-dev.inf\n-000052b0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6a73 6d6e 2c20 o, Node: jsmn, \n-000052c0: 204e 6578 743a 206d 696e 696c 7a6f 2c20 Next: minilzo, \n-000052d0: 2050 7265 763a 2047 6e75 6c69 622c 2020 Prev: Gnulib, \n-000052e0: 5570 3a20 5570 6461 7469 6e67 2045 7874 Up: Updating Ext\n-000052f0: 6572 6e61 6c20 436f 6465 0a0a 352e 3220 ernal Code..5.2 \n-00005300: 6a73 6d6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a6a jsmn.========..j\n-00005310: 736d 6e20 6973 2061 206d 696e 696d 616c smn is a minimal\n-00005320: 6973 7469 6320 4a53 4f4e 2070 6172 7365 istic JSON parse\n-00005330: 7220 7768 6963 6820 6973 2069 6d70 6c65 r which is imple\n-00005340: 6d65 6e74 6564 2069 6e20 6120 7369 6e67 mented in a sing\n-00005350: 6c65 0a68 6561 6465 7220 6669 6c65 2027 le.header file '\n-00005360: 6a73 6d6e 2e68 272e 2020 546f 2069 6d70 jsmn.h'. To imp\n-00005370: 6f72 7420 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 ort a different \n-00005380: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 206a version of the j\n-00005390: 736d 6e20 7061 7273 6572 2c0a 796f 7520 smn parser,.you \n-000053a0: 6d61 7920 7369 6d70 6c79 2064 6f77 6e6c may simply downl\n-000053b0: 6f61 6420 7468 6520 276a 736d 6e2e 6827 oad the 'jsmn.h'\n-000053c0: 2068 6561 6465 7220 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 header from the\n-000053d0: 2064 6573 6972 6564 2074 6167 206f 720a desired tag or.\n-000053e0: 636f 6d6d 6974 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7461 commit to the ta\n-000053f0: 7267 6574 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 3a0a rget directory:.\n-00005400: 0a20 2020 2020 6375 726c 202d 4c20 6874 . curl -L ht\n-00005410: 7470 733a 2f2f 7261 772e 6769 7468 7562 tps://raw.github\n-00005420: 7573 6572 636f 6e74 656e 742e 636f 6d2f usercontent.com/\n-00005430: 7a73 6572 6765 2f6a 736d 6e2f 7631 2e31 zserge/jsmn/v1.1\n-00005440: 2e30 2f6a 736d 6e2e 6820 5c0a 2020 2020 .0/jsmn.h \\. \n-00005450: 2020 2020 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 -o grub-cor\n-00005460: 652f 6c69 622f 6a73 6f6e 2f6a 736d 6e2e e/lib/json/jsmn.\n-00005470: 680a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d h....File: grub-\n-00005480: 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a dev.info, Node:\n-00005490: 206d 696e 696c 7a6f 2c20 2050 7265 763a minilzo, Prev:\n-000054a0: 206a 736d 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5570 6461 jsmn, Up: Upda\n-000054b0: 7469 6e67 2045 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 436f ting External Co\n-000054c0: 6465 0a0a 352e 3320 6d69 6e69 6c7a 6f0a de..5.3 minilzo.\n-000054d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a6d 696e ===========..min\n-000054e0: 694c 5a4f 2069 7320 6120 7665 7279 206c iLZO is a very l\n-000054f0: 6967 6874 7765 6967 6874 2073 7562 7365 ightweight subse\n-00005500: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 204c 5a4f 206c 6962 t of the LZO lib\n-00005510: 7261 7279 2069 6e74 656e 6465 6420 666f rary intended fo\n-00005520: 720a 6561 7379 2069 6e63 6c75 7369 6f6e r.easy inclusion\n-00005530: 2069 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 7072 6f6a 6563 in other projec\n-00005540: 7473 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2067 656e 6572 ts. It is gener\n-00005550: 6174 6564 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c ated automatical\n-00005560: 6c79 2066 726f 6d0a 7468 6520 4c5a 4f20 ly from.the LZO \n-00005570: 736f 7572 6365 2063 6f64 6520 616e 6420 source code and \n-00005580: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 206d 6f73 contains the mos\n-00005590: 7420 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 4c5a 4f20 t important LZO \n-000055a0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 functions... T\n-000055b0: 6f20 7570 6772 6164 6520 746f 2061 206e o upgrade to a n\n-000055c0: 6577 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 ew version of th\n-000055d0: 6520 6d69 6e69 4c5a 4f20 6c69 6272 6172 e miniLZO librar\n-000055e0: 792c 2064 6f77 6e6c 6f61 6420 7468 650a y, download the.\n-000055f0: 7265 6c65 6173 6520 7461 7262 616c 6c20 release tarball \n-00005600: 616e 6420 636f 7079 2074 6865 2066 696c and copy the fil\n-00005610: 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7461 7267 es into the targ\n-00005620: 6574 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 3a0a 0a20 et directory:.. \n-00005630: 2020 2020 6375 726c 202d 4c20 2d4f 2068 curl -L -O h\n-00005640: 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 6f62 6572 6875 ttp://www.oberhu\n-00005650: 6d65 722e 636f 6d2f 6f70 656e 736f 7572 mer.com/opensour\n-00005660: 6365 2f6c 7a6f 2f64 6f77 6e6c 6f61 642f ce/lzo/download/\n-00005670: 6d69 6e69 6c7a 6f2d 322e 3130 2e74 6172 minilzo-2.10.tar\n-00005680: 2e67 7a0a 2020 2020 2074 6172 202d 7a78 .gz. tar -zx\n-00005690: 6620 6d69 6e69 6c7a 6f2d 322e 3130 2e74 f minilzo-2.10.t\n-000056a0: 6172 2e67 7a0a 2020 2020 2072 6d20 6d69 ar.gz. rm mi\n-000056b0: 6e69 6c7a 6f2d 322e 3130 2f74 6573 746d nilzo-2.10/testm\n-000056c0: 696e 692e 630a 2020 2020 2072 6d20 2d72 ini.c. rm -r\n-000056d0: 2067 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f6c 6962 2f6d grub-core/lib/m\n-000056e0: 696e 696c 7a6f 2f2a 0a20 2020 2020 6370 inilzo/*. cp\n-000056f0: 206d 696e 696c 7a6f 2d32 2e31 302f 2a2e minilzo-2.10/*.\n-00005700: 5b68 635d 2067 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f6c [hc] grub-core/l\n-00005710: 6962 2f6d 696e 696c 7a6f 0a20 2020 2020 ib/minilzo. \n-00005720: 726d 202d 7220 6d69 6e69 6c7a 6f2d 322e rm -r minilzo-2.\n-00005730: 3130 2a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 10*....File: gru\n-00005740: 622d 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 b-dev.info, Nod\n-00005750: 653a 2050 6f72 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 e: Porting, Nex\n-00005760: 743a 2045 7272 6f72 2048 616e 646c 696e t: Error Handlin\n-00005770: 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5570 6461 7469 g, Prev: Updati\n-00005780: 6e67 2045 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 436f 6465 ng External Code\n-00005790: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3620 506f , Up: Top..6 Po\n-000057a0: 7274 696e 670a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a rting.*********.\n-000057b0: 0a47 5255 4232 2069 7320 6465 7369 676e .GRUB2 is design\n-000057c0: 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2065 6173 696c 7920 ed to be easily \n-000057d0: 706f 7274 6162 6c65 2061 6363 726f 7373 portable accross\n-000057e0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 2042 7574 platforms. But\n-000057f0: 2062 6563 6175 7365 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 because.of the \n-00005800: 6e61 7475 7265 206f 6620 626f 6f74 6c6f nature of bootlo\n-00005810: 6164 6572 2065 7665 7279 206e 6577 2070 ader every new p\n-00005820: 6f72 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 646f 6e65 ort must be done\n-00005830: 2073 6570 6172 6174 656c 792e 0a48 6572 separately..Her\n-00005840: 6520 6973 2068 6f77 2049 2064 6964 204d e is how I did M\n-00005850: 4950 5320 286c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 616e IPS (loongson an\n-00005860: 6420 4152 4329 2061 6e64 2058 656e 2070 d ARC) and Xen p\n-00005870: 6f72 7473 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 616e orts. Note than\n-00005880: 2074 6869 730a 6973 206d 6f72 6520 6f66 this.is more of\n-00005890: 2073 7567 6765 7374 696f 6e73 2c20 6e6f suggestions, no\n-000058a0: 7420 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2074 7275 7468 t absolute truth\n-000058b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 7273 7420 6f66 2061 ... First of a\n-000058c0: 6c6c 2067 7261 6220 616e 7920 6172 6368 ll grab any arch\n-000058d0: 6974 6563 7475 7265 2073 7065 6369 6669 itecture specifi\n-000058e0: 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 796f 7520 6361 6e20 cations you can \n-000058f0: 6669 6e64 2069 6e0a 7075 626c 6963 2028 find in.public (\n-00005900: 706c 6561 7365 2061 766f 6964 204e 4441 please avoid NDA\n-00005910: 292e 0a0a 2020 2046 6972 7374 2073 7461 )... First sta\n-00005920: 6765 2069 7320 2248 656c 6c6f 2077 6f72 ge is \"Hello wor\n-00005930: 6c64 222e 2020 4927 7665 2064 6f6e 6520 ld\". I've done \n-00005940: 6974 206f 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 4752 it outside of GR\n-00005950: 5542 2066 6f72 0a73 696d 706c 6963 6974 UB for.simplicit\n-00005960: 792e 2020 596f 7572 2074 6173 6b20 6973 y. Your task is\n-00005970: 2074 6f20 6861 7665 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c to have a small\n-00005980: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2077 6869 6368 2069 program which i\n-00005990: 7320 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 2061 730a 626f s loadable as.bo\n-000059a0: 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 2063 6c65 otloader and cle\n-000059b0: 6172 6c79 2073 686f 7773 2069 7473 2070 arly shows its p\n-000059c0: 7265 7365 6e63 6520 746f 2079 6f75 2e20 resence to you. \n-000059d0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2065 6173 If you have eas\n-000059e0: 696c 790a 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2063 ily.accessible c\n-000059f0: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206a onsole you can j\n-00005a00: 7573 7420 7072 696e 7420 6120 6d65 7373 ust print a mess\n-00005a10: 6167 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 age. If you hav\n-00005a20: 6520 6120 6d61 7070 6564 0a66 7261 6d65 e a mapped.frame\n-00005a30: 6275 6666 6572 2079 6f75 206b 6e6f 7720 buffer you know \n-00005a40: 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2c20 796f 7520 address of, you \n-00005a50: 6361 6e20 6472 6177 2061 2073 7175 6172 can draw a squar\n-00005a60: 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 e. If you have \n-00005a70: 610a 6465 6275 6720 6661 6369 6c69 7479 a.debug facility\n-00005a80: 2c20 6a75 7374 2068 616e 6769 6e67 2077 , just hanging w\n-00005a90: 6974 686f 7574 2063 7261 7368 696e 6720 ithout crashing \n-00005aa0: 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2065 6e6f 7567 682e might be enough.\n-00005ab0: 2020 466f 7220 7468 650a 6669 7273 7420 For the.first \n-00005ac0: 7374 6167 6520 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6368 stage you can ch\n-00005ad0: 6f6f 7365 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 oose to load the\n-00005ae0: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 6163 726f bootloader acro\n-00005af0: 7373 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a73 ss the network.s\n-00005b00: 696e 6365 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 666f 7220 ince format for \n-00005b10: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696d 6167 6520 6973 network image is\n-00005b20: 206f 6674 656e 2065 6173 6965 7220 7468 often easier th\n-00005b30: 616e 2066 6f72 206c 6f63 616c 2062 6f6f an for local boo\n-00005b40: 7420 616e 640a 6974 2073 6b69 7073 2074 t and.it skips t\n-00005b50: 6865 206e 6565 6420 6f66 2073 6d61 6c6c he need of small\n-00005b60: 2069 6e74 6572 6d65 6469 6172 7920 7374 intermediary st\n-00005b70: 6167 6573 2061 6e64 206e 7672 616d 2068 ages and nvram h\n-00005b80: 616e 646c 696e 672e 0a41 6464 6974 696f andling..Additio\n-00005b90: 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6f66 nally you can of\n-00005ba0: 7465 6e20 6861 7665 2061 2067 6f6f 6420 ten have a good \n-00005bb0: 6964 6561 206f 6620 7468 6520 6e65 6564 idea of the need\n-00005bc0: 6564 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6279 0a72 756e ed format by.run\n-00005bd0: 6e69 6e67 2022 6669 6c65 2220 6f6e 2061 ning \"file\" on a\n-00005be0: 6e79 206e 6574 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2065 ny netbootable e\n-00005bf0: 7865 6375 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 6769 xecutable for gi\n-00005c00: 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 0a20 ven platform... \n-00005c10: 2020 5468 6973 2070 726f 6772 616d 2073 This program s\n-00005c20: 686f 756c 6420 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2068 hould probably h\n-00005c30: 6176 6520 3220 7061 7274 733a 2061 6e20 ave 2 parts: an \n-00005c40: 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 7220 616e 6420 4320 assembler and C \n-00005c50: 6f6e 652e 0a41 7373 656d 626c 6572 206f one..Assembler o\n-00005c60: 6e65 2068 616e 646c 6573 2042 5353 2063 ne handles BSS c\n-00005c70: 6c65 616e 696e 6720 616e 6420 6f74 6865 leaning and othe\n-00005c80: 7220 6e65 6564 6564 2073 6574 7570 2028 r needed setup (\n-00005c90: 6f6e 2073 6f6d 650a 706c 6174 666f 726d on some.platform\n-00005ca0: 7320 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2074 s you may need t\n-00005cb0: 6f20 7377 6974 6368 206d 6f64 6573 206f o switch modes o\n-00005cc0: 7220 636f 7079 2074 6865 2065 7865 6375 r copy the execu\n-00005cd0: 7461 626c 6520 746f 2069 7473 0a64 6566 table to its.def\n-00005ce0: 696e 6974 6976 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e initive position\n-00005cf0: 292e 2020 536f 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6465 ). So your code\n-00005d00: 206d 6179 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 2028 may look like (\n-00005d10: 7838 3620 6173 7365 6d62 6c79 2066 6f72 x86 assembly for\n-00005d20: 0a69 6c6c 7573 7472 6174 696f 6e20 7075 .illustration pu\n-00005d30: 7270 6f73 6573 290a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 rposes).. \n-00005d40: 2020 2020 2020 2e67 6c6f 626c 205f 7374 .globl _st\n-00005d50: 6172 740a 2020 2020 205f 7374 6172 743a art. _start:\n-00005d60: 0a20 2020 2020 096d 6f76 6c09 245f 6273 . .movl.$_bs\n-00005d70: 735f 7374 6172 742c 2025 6564 690a 2020 s_start, %edi. \n-00005d80: 2020 2009 6d6f 766c 0924 5f65 6e64 2c20 .movl.$_end, \n-00005d90: 2565 6378 0a20 2020 2020 0973 7562 6c09 %ecx. .subl.\n-00005da0: 2565 6469 2c20 2565 6378 0a20 2020 2020 %edi, %ecx. \n-00005db0: 0978 6f72 6c09 2565 6178 2c20 2565 6178 .xorl.%eax, %eax\n-00005dc0: 0a20 2020 2020 0963 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 . .cld. \n-00005dd0: 0972 6570 0a20 2020 2020 0973 746f 7362 .rep. .stosb\n-00005de0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6361 . ca\n-00005df0: 6c6c 206d 6169 6e0a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 ll main... s\n-00005e00: 7461 7469 6320 636f 6e73 7420 6368 6172 tatic const char\n-00005e10: 206d 7367 5b5d 203d 2022 4865 6c6c 6f2c msg[] = \"Hello,\n-00005e20: 2077 6f72 6c64 223b 0a0a 2020 2020 2076 world\";.. v\n-00005e30: 6f69 640a 2020 2020 2070 7574 6368 6172 oid. putchar\n-00005e40: 2028 696e 7420 6329 0a20 2020 2020 7b0a (int c). {.\n-00005e50: 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 .... \n-00005e60: 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 766f 6964 0a20 2020 }.. void. \n-00005e70: 2020 6d61 696e 2028 766f 6964 290a 2020 main (void). \n-00005e80: 2020 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e73 {. cons\n-00005e90: 7420 6368 6172 202a 7074 7220 3d20 6d73 t char *ptr = ms\n-00005ea0: 673b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7768 696c 6520 g;. while \n-00005eb0: 282a 7074 7229 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 (*ptr). \n-00005ec0: 7075 7463 6861 7220 282a 7074 722b 2b29 putchar (*ptr++)\n-00005ed0: 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2077 6869 6c65 2028 ;. while (\n-00005ee0: 3129 3b0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2053 1);. }.. S\n-00005ef0: 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 2079 6f75 206e 6565 ometimes you nee\n-00005f00: 6420 6120 7468 6972 6420 6669 6c65 3a20 d a third file: \n-00005f10: 6173 7365 6d62 6c79 2073 7475 6273 2066 assembly stubs f\n-00005f20: 6f72 0a41 4249 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 or.ABI-compatibi\n-00005f30: 6c69 7479 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 6365 2074 lity... Once t\n-00005f40: 6869 7320 6669 6c65 2069 7320 6675 6e63 his file is func\n-00005f50: 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 7427 7320 7469 6d65 tional it's time\n-00005f60: 2074 6f20 6d6f 7665 2069 7420 696e 746f to move it into\n-00005f70: 2047 5255 4232 2e20 2054 6865 0a73 7461 GRUB2. The.sta\n-00005f80: 7274 7570 2061 7373 656d 626c 7920 6669 rtup assembly fi\n-00005f90: 6c65 2067 6f65 7320 746f 2067 7275 622d le goes to grub-\n-00005fa0: 636f 7265 2f6b 6572 6e2f 2463 7075 2f24 core/kern/$cpu/$\n-00005fb0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2f73 7461 7274 7570 platform/startup\n-00005fc0: 2e53 2e0a 596f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2061 .S..You should a\n-00005fd0: 6c73 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 6772 7562 lso include grub\n-00005fe0: 2f73 796d 626f 6c2e 6820 616e 6420 7265 /symbol.h and re\n-00005ff0: 706c 6163 6520 6361 6c6c 2074 6f20 656e place call to en\n-00006000: 7472 7920 706f 696e 740a 7769 7468 2063 try point.with c\n-00006010: 616c 6c20 746f 2045 5854 5f43 2867 7275 all to EXT_C(gru\n-00006020: 625f 6d61 696e 292e 2020 5468 6520 4320 b_main). The C \n-00006030: 6669 6c65 2067 6f65 7320 746f 0a67 7275 file goes to.gru\n-00006040: 622d 636f 7265 2f6b 6572 6e2f 2463 7075 b-core/kern/$cpu\n-00006050: 2f24 706c 6174 666f 726d 2f69 6e69 742e /$platform/init.\n-00006060: 6320 616e 6420 6974 7320 656e 7472 7920 c and its entry \n-00006070: 706f 696e 7420 6973 2072 656e 616d 6564 point is renamed\n-00006080: 2074 6f0a 766f 6964 2067 7275 625f 6d61 to.void grub_ma\n-00006090: 6368 696e 655f 696e 6974 2028 766f 6964 chine_init (void\n-000060a0: 292e 2020 4b65 6570 2066 696e 616c 2069 ). Keep final i\n-000060b0: 6e66 696e 6974 6520 6c6f 6f70 2066 6f72 nfinite loop for\n-000060c0: 206e 6f77 2e20 2053 7475 6273 0a66 696c now. Stubs.fil\n-000060d0: 6520 6966 2061 6e79 2067 6f65 7320 746f e if any goes to\n-000060e0: 2067 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f6b 6572 6e2f grub-core/kern/\n-000060f0: 2463 7075 2f24 706c 6174 666f 726d 2f63 $cpu/$platform/c\n-00006100: 616c 6c77 7261 702e 532e 2053 6f6d 6574 allwrap.S. Somet\n-00006110: 696d 6573 0a65 6974 6865 7220 2463 7075 imes.either $cpu\n-00006120: 206f 7220 2470 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6973 or $platform is\n-00006130: 2064 726f 7070 6564 2069 6620 6669 6c65 dropped if file\n-00006140: 2069 7320 7573 6564 206f 6e20 7365 7665 is used on seve\n-00006150: 7261 6c20 6370 7573 0a72 6573 7065 6374 ral cpus.respect\n-00006160: 6976 656c 7970 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 ivelyplatforms. \n-00006170: 2043 6865 636b 2074 686f 7365 206c 6f63 Check those loc\n-00006180: 6174 696f 6e73 2069 6620 7468 6579 2061 ations if they a\n-00006190: 6c72 6561 6479 2068 6176 6520 7768 6174 lready have what\n-000061a0: 0a79 6f75 2772 6520 6c6f 6f6b 696e 6720 .you're looking \n-000061b0: 666f 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 6e20 6d6f for... Then mo\n-000061c0: 6469 6679 2069 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 dify in configur\n-000061d0: 652e 6163 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 e.ac the followi\n-000061e0: 6e67 2070 6172 7473 3a0a 0a20 2020 4350 ng parts:.. CP\n-000061f0: 5520 6e61 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2063 U names:.. c\n-00006200: 6173 6520 2224 7461 7267 6574 5f63 7075 ase \"$target_cpu\n-00006210: 2220 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 695b 5b33 \" in. i[[3\n-00006220: 3435 365d 5d38 3629 0974 6172 6765 745f 456]]86).target_\n-00006230: 6370 753d 6933 3836 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 cpu=i386 ;;. \n-00006240: 2020 2061 6d64 3634 2909 7461 7267 6574 amd64).target\n-00006250: 5f63 7075 3d78 3836 5f36 3420 3b3b 0a20 _cpu=x86_64 ;;. \n-00006260: 2020 2020 2020 7370 6172 6329 0974 6172 sparc).tar\n-00006270: 6765 745f 6370 753d 7370 6172 6336 3420 get_cpu=sparc64 \n-00006280: 3b3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7333 3930 7829 ;;. s390x)\n-00006290: 0974 6172 6765 745f 6370 753d 7333 3930 .target_cpu=s390\n-000062a0: 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 ;;. .... \n-000062b0: 2020 2020 6573 6163 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d esac.. Som\n-000062c0: 6574 696d 6573 2043 5055 2068 6176 6520 etimes CPU have \n-000062d0: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 7263 6869 additional archi\n-000062e0: 7465 6374 7572 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 7768 tecture names wh\n-000062f0: 6963 6820 646f 6e27 740a 696e 666c 7565 ich don't.influe\n-00006300: 6e63 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 596f nce booting. Yo\n-00006310: 7520 6d69 6768 7420 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 u might want to \n-00006320: 6861 7665 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 6e6f 6e69 have some canoni\n-00006330: 6361 6c20 6e61 6d65 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 cal name to avoi\n-00006340: 640a 6861 7669 6e67 2062 756e 6368 206f d.having bunch o\n-00006350: 6620 6964 656e 7469 6361 6c20 706c 6174 f identical plat\n-00006360: 666f 726d 7320 7769 7468 2064 6966 6665 forms with diffe\n-00006370: 7265 6e74 206e 616d 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 rent names... \n-00006380: 4e4f 5445 3a20 6974 2064 6f65 736e 2774 NOTE: it doesn't\n-00006390: 2069 6e66 6c75 656e 6365 2063 6f6d 7069 influence compi\n-000063a0: 6c65 206f 7074 696d 6973 6174 696f 6e73 le optimisations\n-000063b0: 2077 6869 6368 2064 6570 656e 6420 736f which depend so\n-000063c0: 6c65 6c79 0a6f 6e20 6368 6f73 656e 2063 lely.on chosen c\n-000063d0: 6f6d 7069 6c65 7220 616e 6420 636f 6d70 ompiler and comp\n-000063e0: 696c 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 ile options... \n-000063f0: 2020 2069 6620 7465 7374 2022 7824 7769 if test \"x$wi\n-00006400: 7468 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d22 203d 2078 th_platform\" = x\n-00006410: 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6361 ; then. ca\n-00006420: 7365 2022 2474 6172 6765 745f 6370 7522 se \"$target_cpu\"\n-00006430: 2d22 2474 6172 6765 745f 7665 6e64 6f72 -\"$target_vendor\n-00006440: 2220 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 6933 \" in. i3\n-00006450: 3836 2d61 7070 6c65 2920 706c 6174 666f 86-apple) platfo\n-00006460: 726d 3d65 6669 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 rm=efi ;;. \n-00006470: 2020 2069 3338 362d 2a29 2070 6c61 7466 i386-*) platf\n-00006480: 6f72 6d3d 7063 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 orm=pc ;;. \n-00006490: 2020 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6170 706c 6529 x86_64-apple)\n-000064a0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3d 6566 6920 3b3b platform=efi ;;\n-000064b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7838 365f 3634 . x86_64\n-000064c0: 2d2a 2920 706c 6174 666f 726d 3d70 6320 -*) platform=pc \n-000064d0: 3b3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f 7765 ;;. powe\n-000064e0: 7270 632d 2a29 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3d rpc-*) platform=\n-000064f0: 6965 6565 3132 3735 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 ieee1275 ;;. \n-00006500: 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 .... \n-00006510: 6573 6163 0a20 2020 2020 656c 7365 0a20 esac. else. \n-00006520: 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 .... f\n-00006530: 690a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2070 6172 7420 i.. This part \n-00006540: 6465 616c 7320 7769 7468 2067 7565 7373 deals with guess\n-00006550: 696e 6720 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d ing the platform\n-00006560: 2066 726f 6d20 4350 5520 616e 6420 7665 from CPU and ve\n-00006570: 6e64 6f72 2e0a 536f 6d65 7469 6d65 7320 ndor..Sometimes \n-00006580: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 you need to use \n-00006590: 3332 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6520 666f 7220 32-bit mode for \n-000065a0: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6576 656e 2069 6620 booting even if \n-000065b0: 4f53 2072 756e 7320 696e 0a36 342d 6269 OS runs in.64-bi\n-000065c0: 7420 6f6e 652e 2020 4966 2073 6f20 6164 t one. If so ad\n-000065d0: 6420 796f 7572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 d your platform \n-000065e0: 746f 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6361 7365 2022 to:.. case \"\n-000065f0: 2474 6172 6765 745f 6370 7522 2d22 2470 $target_cpu\"-\"$p\n-00006600: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d22 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 latform\" in. \n-00006610: 2020 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6929 203b x86_64-efi) ;\n-00006620: 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2078 3836 5f36 342d ;. x86_64-\n-00006630: 656d 7529 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2078 emu) ;;. x\n-00006640: 3836 5f36 342d 2a29 2074 6172 6765 745f 86_64-*) target_\n-00006650: 6370 753d 6933 3836 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 cpu=i386 ;;. \n-00006660: 2020 2070 6f77 6572 7063 3634 2d69 6565 powerpc64-iee\n-00006670: 6531 3237 3529 2074 6172 6765 745f 6370 e1275) target_cp\n-00006680: 753d 706f 7765 7270 6320 3b3b 0a20 2020 u=powerpc ;;. \n-00006690: 2020 6573 6163 0a0a 2020 2041 6464 2079 esac.. Add y\n-000066a0: 6f75 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 2074 6f20 our platform to \n-000066b0: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7375 7070 the list of supp\n-000066c0: 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 orted ones:.. \n-000066d0: 2020 6361 7365 2022 2474 6172 6765 745f case \"$target_\n-000066e0: 6370 7522 2d22 2470 6c61 7466 6f72 6d22 cpu\"-\"$platform\"\n-000066f0: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2069 3338 362d in. i386-\n-00006700: 6566 6929 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2078 efi) ;;. x\n-00006710: 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6929 203b 3b0a 2020 86_64-efi) ;;. \n-00006720: 2020 2020 2069 3338 362d 7063 2920 3b3b i386-pc) ;;\n-00006730: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6933 3836 2d6d 756c . i386-mul\n-00006740: 7469 626f 6f74 2920 3b3b 0a20 2020 2020 tiboot) ;;. \n-00006750: 2020 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 7429 i386-coreboot)\n-00006760: 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 ;;. .... \n-00006770: 2020 2020 6573 6163 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 esac.. If \n-00006780: 6578 706c 6963 6974 202d 6d33 3220 6f72 explicit -m32 or\n-00006790: 202d 6d36 3420 6973 206e 6565 6465 6420 -m64 is needed \n-000067a0: 6164 6420 6974 2074 6f3a 0a0a 2020 2020 add it to:.. \n-000067b0: 2063 6173 6520 2224 7461 7267 6574 5f63 case \"$target_c\n-000067c0: 7075 2220 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6933 pu\" in. i3\n-000067d0: 3836 207c 2070 6f77 6572 7063 2920 7461 86 | powerpc) ta\n-000067e0: 7267 6574 5f6d 3332 3d31 203b 3b0a 2020 rget_m32=1 ;;. \n-000067f0: 2020 2020 2078 3836 5f36 3420 7c20 7370 x86_64 | sp\n-00006800: 6172 6336 3429 2074 6172 6765 745f 6d36 arc64) target_m6\n-00006810: 343d 3120 3b3b 0a20 2020 2020 6573 6163 4=1 ;;. esac\n-00006820: 0a0a 2020 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2079 6f75 .. Finally you\n-00006830: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2061 6464 2061 2063 need to add a c\n-00006840: 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6f20 7468 onditional to th\n-00006850: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 626c 6f63 e following bloc\n-00006860: 6b3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 4d5f 434f 4e44 k:.. AM_COND\n-00006870: 4954 494f 4e41 4c28 5b43 4f4e 445f 6d69 ITIONAL([COND_mi\n-00006880: 7073 5f61 7263 5d2c 205b 7465 7374 2078 ps_arc], [test x\n-00006890: 2474 6172 6765 745f 6370 7520 3d20 786d $target_cpu = xm\n-000068a0: 6970 7320 2d61 2078 2470 6c61 7466 6f72 ips -a x$platfor\n-000068b0: 6d20 3d20 7861 7263 5d29 0a20 2020 2020 m = xarc]). \n-000068c0: 414d 5f43 4f4e 4449 5449 4f4e 414c 285b AM_CONDITIONAL([\n-000068d0: 434f 4e44 5f73 7061 7263 3634 5f69 6565 COND_sparc64_iee\n-000068e0: 6531 3237 355d 2c20 5b74 6573 7420 7824 e1275], [test x$\n-000068f0: 7461 7267 6574 5f63 7075 203d 2078 7370 target_cpu = xsp\n-00006900: 6172 6336 3420 2d61 2078 2470 6c61 7466 arc64 -a x$platf\n-00006910: 6f72 6d20 3d20 7869 6565 6531 3237 355d orm = xieee1275]\n-00006920: 290a 2020 2020 2041 4d5f 434f 4e44 4954 ). AM_CONDIT\n-00006930: 494f 4e41 4c28 5b43 4f4e 445f 706f 7765 IONAL([COND_powe\n-00006940: 7270 635f 6965 6565 3132 3735 5d2c 205b rpc_ieee1275], [\n-00006950: 7465 7374 2078 2474 6172 6765 745f 6370 test x$target_cp\n-00006960: 7520 3d20 7870 6f77 6572 7063 202d 6120 u = xpowerpc -a \n-00006970: 7824 706c 6174 666f 726d 203d 2078 6965 x$platform = xie\n-00006980: 6565 3132 3735 5d29 0a0a 2020 204e 6578 ee1275]).. Nex\n-00006990: 7420 7374 6f70 2069 7320 6765 6e74 706c t stop is gentpl\n-000069a0: 2e70 792e 2020 596f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 .py. You need t\n-000069b0: 6f20 6164 6420 796f 7572 2070 6c61 7466 o add your platf\n-000069c0: 6f72 6d20 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 orm to the list \n-000069d0: 6f66 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e65 of.supported one\n-000069e0: 7320 2873 6f72 7279 2074 6861 7420 7468 s (sorry that th\n-000069f0: 6973 206c 6973 7420 6973 2064 7570 6c69 is list is dupli\n-00006a00: 6361 7465 6429 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 cated):.. GR\n-00006a10: 5542 5f50 4c41 5446 4f52 4d53 203d 205b UB_PLATFORMS = [\n-00006a20: 2022 656d 7522 2c20 2269 3338 365f 7063 \"emu\", \"i386_pc\n-00006a30: 222c 2022 6933 3836 5f65 6669 222c 2022 \", \"i386_efi\", \"\n-00006a40: 6933 3836 5f71 656d 7522 2c20 2269 3338 i386_qemu\", \"i38\n-00006a50: 365f 636f 7265 626f 6f74 222c 0a20 2020 6_coreboot\",. \n+00004520: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4173 ============..As\n+00004530: 2079 6f75 206d 6967 6874 206b 6e6f 772c you might know,\n+00004540: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2068 6f73 7465 6420 GRUB is hosted \n+00004550: 6f6e 0a3c 6874 7470 733a 2f2f 7361 7661 on., thus the m\n+00004590: 656d 6265 7273 6869 700a 6973 206d 616e embership.is man\n+000045a0: 6167 6564 2062 7920 5361 7661 6e6e 6168 aged by Savannah\n+000045b0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 . This means th\n+000045c0: 6174 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 at, if you want \n+000045d0: 746f 2062 6520 6120 6d65 6d62 6572 206f to be a member o\n+000045e0: 660a 7468 6973 2070 726f 6a65 6374 3a0a f.this project:.\n+000045f0: 0a20 2031 2e20 596f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 . 1. You need t\n+00004600: 6f20 6372 6561 7465 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 o create your ow\n+00004610: 6e20 6163 636f 756e 7420 6f6e 2053 6176 n account on Sav\n+00004620: 616e 6e61 682e 0a20 2032 2e20 596f 7520 annah.. 2. You \n+00004630: 6361 6e20 7375 626d 6974 2022 5265 7175 can submit \"Requ\n+00004640: 6573 7420 666f 7220 496e 636c 7573 696f est for Inclusio\n+00004650: 6e22 2066 726f 6d20 224d 7920 4772 6f75 n\" from \"My Grou\n+00004660: 7073 2220 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 5361 7661 ps\" on. Sava\n+00004670: 6e6e 6168 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2c20 nnah... Then, \n+00004680: 6f6e 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2061 646d 696e one of the admin\n+00004690: 7320 6361 6e20 6170 7072 6f76 6520 796f s can approve yo\n+000046a0: 7572 2072 6571 7565 7374 2c20 616e 6420 ur request, and \n+000046b0: 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 610a 6d65 you will be a.me\n+000046c0: 6d62 6572 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 646f mber. If you do\n+000046d0: 6e27 7420 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 n't want to use \n+000046e0: 7468 6520 5361 7661 6e6e 6168 2069 6e74 the Savannah int\n+000046f0: 6572 6661 6365 2074 6f20 7375 626d 6974 erface to submit\n+00004700: 2061 0a72 6571 7565 7374 2c20 796f 7520 a.request, you \n+00004710: 6361 6e20 7369 6d70 6c79 206e 6f74 6966 can simply notif\n+00004720: 7920 7468 6520 6164 6d69 6e73 2062 7920 y the admins by \n+00004730: 656d 6169 6c20 6f72 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 email or somethi\n+00004740: 6e67 2065 6c73 652c 0a61 6c74 6572 6e61 ng else,.alterna\n+00004750: 7469 7665 6c79 2e20 2042 7574 2079 6f75 tively. But you\n+00004760: 2073 7469 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f 2063 still need to c\n+00004770: 7265 6174 6520 616e 2061 6363 6f75 6e74 reate an account\n+00004780: 2062 6566 6f72 6568 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 beforehand... \n+00004790: 204e 4f54 453a 2077 6520 736f 6d65 7469 NOTE: we someti\n+000047a0: 6d65 7320 7265 6365 6976 6520 6120 2252 mes receive a \"R\n+000047b0: 6571 7565 7374 2066 6f72 2049 6e63 6c75 equest for Inclu\n+000047c0: 7369 6f6e 2220 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 756e sion\" from an un\n+000047d0: 6b6e 6f77 6e0a 7065 7273 6f6e 2e20 2049 known.person. I\n+000047e0: 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 652c 2074 6865 n this case, the\n+000047f0: 2072 6571 7565 7374 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 request would b\n+00004800: 6520 6a75 7374 2064 6973 6361 7264 6564 e just discarded\n+00004810: 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 6974 2069 730a 746f , since it is.to\n+00004820: 6f20 6461 6e67 6572 6f75 7320 746f 2061 o dangerous to a\n+00004830: 6c6c 6f77 2061 2073 7472 616e 6765 7220 llow a stranger \n+00004840: 746f 2062 6520 6120 6d65 6d62 6572 2c20 to be a member, \n+00004850: 7768 6963 6820 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 which automatica\n+00004860: 6c6c 790a 6769 7665 7320 6869 6d20 6120 lly.gives him a \n+00004870: 636f 6d6d 6974 2072 6967 6874 2074 6f20 commit right to \n+00004880: 7468 6520 7265 706f 7369 746f 7279 2c20 the repository, \n+00004890: 626f 7468 2066 6f72 2061 206c 6567 616c both for a legal\n+000048a0: 2072 6561 736f 6e20 616e 640a 666f 7220 reason and.for \n+000048b0: 6120 7465 6368 6e69 6361 6c20 7265 6173 a technical reas\n+000048c0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 7220 on... If your \n+000048d0: 696e 7465 6e74 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6f20 intention is to \n+000048e0: 6a75 7374 2067 6574 2073 7461 7274 6564 just get started\n+000048f0: 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 , please do not \n+00004900: 7375 626d 6974 2061 0a69 6e63 6c75 7369 submit a.inclusi\n+00004910: 6f6e 2072 6571 7565 7374 2e20 2049 6e73 on request. Ins\n+00004920: 7465 6164 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2073 7562 tead, please sub\n+00004930: 7363 7269 6265 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 scribe to the ma\n+00004940: 696c 696e 6720 6c69 7374 2c20 616e 640a iling list, and.\n+00004950: 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 6520 6669 7273 communicate firs\n+00004960: 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 2073 656e 6469 6e67 t (e.g. sending\n+00004970: 2061 2070 6174 6368 2c20 6173 6b69 6e67 a patch, asking\n+00004980: 2061 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e2c 2063 6f6d a question, com\n+00004990: 6d65 6e74 696e 670a 6f6e 2061 6e6f 7468 menting.on anoth\n+000049a0: 6572 206d 6573 7361 6765 2e2e 2e29 2e0a er message...)..\n+000049b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d 6465 ...File: grub-de\n+000049c0: 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 v.info, Node: U\n+000049d0: 7064 6174 696e 6720 4578 7465 726e 616c pdating External\n+000049e0: 2043 6f64 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 506f Code, Next: Po\n+000049f0: 7274 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f rting, Prev: Co\n+00004a00: 6e74 7269 6275 7469 6e67 2043 6861 6e67 ntributing Chang\n+00004a10: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3520 es, Up: Top..5 \n+00004a20: 5570 6461 7469 6e67 2065 7874 6572 6e61 Updating externa\n+00004a30: 6c20 636f 6465 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a l code.*********\n+00004a40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n+00004a50: 0a47 5255 4220 696e 636c 7564 6573 2073 .GRUB includes s\n+00004a60: 6f6d 6520 636f 6465 2066 726f 6d20 6f74 ome code from ot\n+00004a70: 6865 7220 7072 6f6a 6563 7473 2c20 616e her projects, an\n+00004a80: 6420 6974 2069 7320 736f 6d65 7469 6d65 d it is sometime\n+00004a90: 730a 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f 2075 s.necessary to u\n+00004aa0: 7064 6174 6520 6974 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e pdate it...* Men\n+00004ab0: 753a 0a0a 2a20 476e 756c 6962 3a3a 0a2a u:..* Gnulib::.*\n+00004ac0: 206a 736d 6e3a 3a0a 2a20 6d69 6e69 6c7a jsmn::.* minilz\n+00004ad0: 6f3a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 o::....File: gru\n+00004ae0: 622d 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 b-dev.info, Nod\n+00004af0: 653a 2047 6e75 6c69 622c 2020 4e65 7874 e: Gnulib, Next\n+00004b00: 3a20 6a73 6d6e 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7064 : jsmn, Up: Upd\n+00004b10: 6174 696e 6720 4578 7465 726e 616c 2043 ating External C\n+00004b20: 6f64 650a 0a35 2e31 2047 6e75 6c69 620a ode..5.1 Gnulib.\n+00004b30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 476e 756c ==========..Gnul\n+00004b40: 6962 2069 7320 6120 736f 7572 6365 2063 ib is a source c\n+00004b50: 6f64 6520 6c69 6272 6172 7920 7468 6174 ode library that\n+00004b60: 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6261 7369 6320 provides basic \n+00004b70: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 746f functionality to\n+00004b80: 0a70 726f 6772 616d 7320 616e 6420 6c69 .programs and li\n+00004b90: 6272 6172 6965 732e 2020 4d61 6e79 2073 braries. Many s\n+00004ba0: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7061 636b 6167 6573 oftware packages\n+00004bb0: 206d 616b 6520 7573 6520 6f66 2047 6e75 make use of Gnu\n+00004bc0: 6c69 6220 746f 0a61 766f 6964 2072 6569 lib to.avoid rei\n+00004bd0: 6e76 656e 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2070 6f72 nventing the por\n+00004be0: 7461 6269 6c69 7479 2077 6865 656c 2e0a tability wheel..\n+00004bf0: 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2069 6d70 6f72 7473 . GRUB imports\n+00004c00: 2047 6e75 6c69 6220 7573 696e 6720 6974 Gnulib using it\n+00004c10: 7320 2762 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 2720 7574 s 'bootstrap' ut\n+00004c20: 696c 6974 792c 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 ility, identifyi\n+00004c30: 6e67 2061 0a70 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 ng a.particular \n+00004c40: 4769 7420 636f 6d6d 6974 2069 6e20 2762 Git commit in 'b\n+00004c50: 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 2e63 6f6e 6627 2e20 ootstrap.conf'. \n+00004c60: 2054 6f20 7570 6772 6164 6520 746f 2061 To upgrade to a\n+00004c70: 206e 6577 2047 6e75 6c69 620a 636f 6d6d new Gnulib.comm\n+00004c80: 6974 2c20 7365 7420 2747 4e55 4c49 425f it, set 'GNULIB_\n+00004c90: 5245 5649 5349 4f4e 2720 696e 2027 626f REVISION' in 'bo\n+00004ca0: 6f74 7374 7261 702e 636f 6e66 2720 746f otstrap.conf' to\n+00004cb0: 2074 6865 206e 6577 2063 6f6d 6d69 7420 the new commit \n+00004cc0: 4944 2c0a 7468 656e 2072 756e 2027 2e2f ID,.then run './\n+00004cd0: 626f 6f74 7374 7261 7027 2061 6e64 2077 bootstrap' and w\n+00004ce0: 6861 7465 7665 7220 656c 7365 2079 6f75 hatever else you\n+00004cf0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 7375 need to make su\n+00004d00: 7265 2069 7420 776f 726b 732e 0a43 6865 re it works..Che\n+00004d10: 636b 2066 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 ck for changes t\n+00004d20: 6f20 476e 756c 6962 2773 2027 4e45 5753 o Gnulib's 'NEWS\n+00004d30: 2720 6669 6c65 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 ' file between t\n+00004d40: 6865 206f 6c64 2061 6e64 206e 6577 0a63 he old and new.c\n+00004d50: 6f6d 6d69 7473 3b20 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 ommits; in some \n+00004d60: 6361 7365 7320 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 cases it will be\n+00004d70: 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f20 6164 necessary to ad\n+00004d80: 6a75 7374 2047 5255 4220 746f 206d 6174 just GRUB to mat\n+00004d90: 6368 2e0a 596f 7520 6d61 7920 616c 736f ch..You may also\n+00004da0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7064 6174 6520 need to update \n+00004db0: 7468 6520 7061 7463 6865 7320 696e 0a27 the patches in.'\n+00004dc0: 6772 7562 2d63 6f72 652f 6c69 622f 676e grub-core/lib/gn\n+00004dd0: 756c 6962 2d70 6174 6368 6573 2f27 2e0a ulib-patches/'..\n+00004de0: 0a20 2020 546f 2061 6464 2061 206e 6577 . To add a new\n+00004df0: 2047 6e75 6c69 6220 6d6f 6475 6c65 206f Gnulib module o\n+00004e00: 7220 7265 6d6f 7665 206f 6e65 2074 6861 r remove one tha\n+00004e10: 7420 6973 206e 6f20 6c6f 6e67 6572 206e t is no longer n\n+00004e20: 6565 6465 642c 0a63 6861 6e67 6520 2767 eeded,.change 'g\n+00004e30: 6e75 6c69 625f 6d6f 6475 6c65 7327 2069 nulib_modules' i\n+00004e40: 6e20 2762 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 2e63 6f6e n 'bootstrap.con\n+00004e50: 6627 2e20 2041 6761 696e 2c20 7275 6e20 f'. Again, run \n+00004e60: 272e 2f62 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 270a 616e './bootstrap'.an\n+00004e70: 6420 7768 6174 6576 6572 2065 6c73 6520 d whatever else \n+00004e80: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 you need to make\n+00004e90: 2073 7572 6520 6974 2077 6f72 6b73 2e0a sure it works..\n+00004ea0: 0a20 2020 426f 6f74 7374 7261 7070 696e . Bootstrappin\n+00004eb0: 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 6f6c 6465 7220 g from an older \n+00004ec0: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6e distribution con\n+00004ed0: 7461 696e 696e 6720 6765 7474 6578 7420 taining gettext \n+00004ee0: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 3c0a 302e 3138 2e33 version <.0.18.3\n+00004ef0: 2c20 7769 6c6c 2072 6571 7569 7265 2061 , will require a\n+00004f00: 2070 6174 6368 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 patch similar t\n+00004f10: 6f20 7468 6973 2074 6f20 6265 2061 7070 o this to be app\n+00004f20: 6c69 6564 2066 6972 7374 2062 6566 6f72 lied first befor\n+00004f30: 650a 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 272e e.running the '.\n+00004f40: 2f62 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 2720 7574 696c /bootstrap' util\n+00004f50: 6974 793a 0a0a 2020 2020 2064 6966 6620 ity:.. diff \n+00004f60: 2d2d 6769 7420 612f 626f 6f74 7374 7261 --git a/bootstra\n+00004f70: 702e 636f 6e66 2062 2f62 6f6f 7473 7472 p.conf b/bootstr\n+00004f80: 6170 2e63 6f6e 660a 2020 2020 2069 6e64 ap.conf. ind\n+00004f90: 6578 2039 3838 6464 6130 2e2e 6133 3139 ex 988dda0..a319\n+00004fa0: 3361 3920 3130 3036 3434 0a20 2020 2020 3a9 100644. \n+00004fb0: 2d2d 2d20 612f 626f 6f74 7374 7261 702e --- a/bootstrap.\n+00004fc0: 636f 6e66 0a20 2020 2020 2b2b 2b20 622f conf. +++ b/\n+00004fd0: 626f 6f74 7374 7261 702e 636f 6e66 0a20 bootstrap.conf. \n+00004fe0: 2020 2020 4020 2d36 372c 3720 2b36 372c @ -67,7 +67,\n+00004ff0: 3720 4020 534b 4950 5f50 4f3d 740a 2020 7 @ SKIP_PO=t. \n+00005000: 2020 2062 7569 6c64 7265 713d 225c 0a20 buildreq=\"\\. \n+00005010: 2020 2020 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2020 2032 autoconf 2\n+00005020: 2e36 330a 2020 2020 2061 7574 6f6d 616b .63. automak\n+00005030: 6520 2020 312e 3131 0a20 2020 2020 2d67 e 1.11. -g\n+00005040: 6574 7465 7874 2020 2020 302e 3138 2e33 ettext 0.18.3\n+00005050: 0a20 2020 2020 2b67 6574 7465 7874 2020 . +gettext \n+00005060: 2020 302e 3137 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7420 0.17. git \n+00005070: 2020 2020 2020 2031 2e35 2e35 0a20 2020 1.5.5. \n+00005080: 2020 7461 7220 2020 2020 2020 202d 0a20 tar -. \n+00005090: 2020 2020 220a 2020 2020 2064 6966 6620 \". diff \n+000050a0: 2d2d 6769 7420 612f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 --git a/configur\n+000050b0: 652e 6163 2062 2f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 e.ac b/configure\n+000050c0: 2e61 630a 2020 2020 2069 6e64 6578 2030 .ac. index 0\n+000050d0: 3862 3531 3866 2e2e 3939 6635 6233 3620 8b518f..99f5b36 \n+000050e0: 3130 3036 3434 0a20 2020 2020 2d2d 2d20 100644. --- \n+000050f0: 612f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 652e 6163 0a20 a/configure.ac. \n+00005100: 2020 2020 2b2b 2b20 622f 636f 6e66 6967 +++ b/config\n+00005110: 7572 652e 6163 0a20 2020 2020 4020 2d33 ure.ac. @ -3\n+00005120: 3632 2c37 202b 3336 322c 3720 4020 4143 62,7 +362,7 @ AC\n+00005130: 5f43 4845 434b 5f50 524f 4728 4841 5645 _CHECK_PROG(HAVE\n+00005140: 5f43 5858 2c20 2443 5858 2c20 7965 732c _CXX, $CXX, yes,\n+00005150: 206e 6f29 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 435f 474e no).. AC_GN\n+00005160: 555f 534f 5552 4345 0a20 2020 2020 414d U_SOURCE. AM\n+00005170: 5f47 4e55 5f47 4554 5445 5854 285b 6578 _GNU_GETTEXT([ex\n+00005180: 7465 726e 616c 5d29 0a20 2020 2020 2d41 ternal]). -A\n+00005190: 4d5f 474e 555f 4745 5454 4558 545f 5645 M_GNU_GETTEXT_VE\n+000051a0: 5253 494f 4e28 5b30 2e31 382e 335d 290a RSION([0.18.3]).\n+000051b0: 2020 2020 202b 414d 5f47 4e55 5f47 4554 +AM_GNU_GET\n+000051c0: 5445 5854 5f56 4552 5349 4f4e 285b 302e TEXT_VERSION([0.\n+000051d0: 3137 5d29 0a20 2020 2020 4143 5f53 5953 17]). AC_SYS\n+000051e0: 5f4c 4152 4745 4649 4c45 0a0a 2020 2020 _LARGEFILE.. \n+000051f0: 2023 2049 6465 6e74 6966 7920 6368 6172 # Identify char\n+00005200: 6163 7465 7269 7374 6963 7320 6f66 2074 acteristics of t\n+00005210: 6865 2068 6f73 7420 6172 6368 6974 6563 he host architec\n+00005220: 7475 7265 2e0a 0a0a 2020 2049 7420 7769 ture.... It wi\n+00005230: 6c6c 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 206e 6563 6573 ll also be neces\n+00005240: 7361 7279 2074 6f20 6164 6a75 7374 2074 sary to adjust t\n+00005250: 6865 2070 6174 6368 6573 2069 6e0a 2770 he patches in.'p\n+00005260: 6f2f 6765 7474 6578 742d 7061 7463 6865 o/gettext-patche\n+00005270: 732f 2720 746f 2061 7070 6c79 2074 6f20 s/' to apply to \n+00005280: 616e 206f 6c64 6572 2076 6572 7369 6f6e an older version\n+00005290: 206f 6620 6765 7474 6578 742e 0a0a 1f0a of gettext.....\n+000052a0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 File: grub-dev.i\n+000052b0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6a73 6d6e nfo, Node: jsmn\n+000052c0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 696e 696c 7a6f , Next: minilzo\n+000052d0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 6e75 6c69 622c , Prev: Gnulib,\n+000052e0: 2020 5570 3a20 5570 6461 7469 6e67 2045 Up: Updating E\n+000052f0: 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 436f 6465 0a0a 352e xternal Code..5.\n+00005300: 3220 6a73 6d6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 2 jsmn.========.\n+00005310: 0a6a 736d 6e20 6973 2061 206d 696e 696d .jsmn is a minim\n+00005320: 616c 6973 7469 6320 4a53 4f4e 2070 6172 alistic JSON par\n+00005330: 7365 7220 7768 6963 6820 6973 2069 6d70 ser which is imp\n+00005340: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2069 6e20 6120 7369 lemented in a si\n+00005350: 6e67 6c65 0a68 6561 6465 7220 6669 6c65 ngle.header file\n+00005360: 2027 6a73 6d6e 2e68 272e 2020 546f 2069 'jsmn.h'. To i\n+00005370: 6d70 6f72 7420 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e mport a differen\n+00005380: 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 t version of the\n+00005390: 206a 736d 6e20 7061 7273 6572 2c0a 796f jsmn parser,.yo\n+000053a0: 7520 6d61 7920 7369 6d70 6c79 2064 6f77 u may simply dow\n+000053b0: 6e6c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 276a 736d 6e2e nload the 'jsmn.\n+000053c0: 6827 2068 6561 6465 7220 6672 6f6d 2074 h' header from t\n+000053d0: 6865 2064 6573 6972 6564 2074 6167 206f he desired tag o\n+000053e0: 720a 636f 6d6d 6974 2074 6f20 7468 6520 r.commit to the \n+000053f0: 7461 7267 6574 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 target directory\n+00005400: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6375 726c 202d 4c20 :.. curl -L \n+00005410: 6874 7470 733a 2f2f 7261 772e 6769 7468 https://raw.gith\n+00005420: 7562 7573 6572 636f 6e74 656e 742e 636f ubusercontent.co\n+00005430: 6d2f 7a73 6572 6765 2f6a 736d 6e2f 7631 m/zserge/jsmn/v1\n+00005440: 2e31 2e30 2f6a 736d 6e2e 6820 5c0a 2020 .1.0/jsmn.h \\. \n+00005450: 2020 2020 2020 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2d63 -o grub-c\n+00005460: 6f72 652f 6c69 622f 6a73 6f6e 2f6a 736d ore/lib/json/jsm\n+00005470: 6e2e 680a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 n.h....File: gru\n+00005480: 622d 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 b-dev.info, Nod\n+00005490: 653a 206d 696e 696c 7a6f 2c20 2050 7265 e: minilzo, Pre\n+000054a0: 763a 206a 736d 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5570 v: jsmn, Up: Up\n+000054b0: 6461 7469 6e67 2045 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 dating External \n+000054c0: 436f 6465 0a0a 352e 3320 6d69 6e69 6c7a Code..5.3 minilz\n+000054d0: 6f0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a6d o.===========..m\n+000054e0: 696e 694c 5a4f 2069 7320 6120 7665 7279 iniLZO is a very\n+000054f0: 206c 6967 6874 7765 6967 6874 2073 7562 lightweight sub\n+00005500: 7365 7420 6f66 2074 6865 204c 5a4f 206c set of the LZO l\n+00005510: 6962 7261 7279 2069 6e74 656e 6465 6420 ibrary intended \n+00005520: 666f 720a 6561 7379 2069 6e63 6c75 7369 for.easy inclusi\n+00005530: 6f6e 2069 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 7072 6f6a on in other proj\n+00005540: 6563 7473 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2067 656e ects. It is gen\n+00005550: 6572 6174 6564 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 erated automatic\n+00005560: 616c 6c79 2066 726f 6d0a 7468 6520 4c5a ally from.the LZ\n+00005570: 4f20 736f 7572 6365 2063 6f64 6520 616e O source code an\n+00005580: 6420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 206d d contains the m\n+00005590: 6f73 7420 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 4c5a ost important LZ\n+000055a0: 4f20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 O functions... \n+000055b0: 2054 6f20 7570 6772 6164 6520 746f 2061 To upgrade to a\n+000055c0: 206e 6577 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206f 6620 new version of \n+000055d0: 7468 6520 6d69 6e69 4c5a 4f20 6c69 6272 the miniLZO libr\n+000055e0: 6172 792c 2064 6f77 6e6c 6f61 6420 7468 ary, download th\n+000055f0: 650a 7265 6c65 6173 6520 7461 7262 616c e.release tarbal\n+00005600: 6c20 616e 6420 636f 7079 2074 6865 2066 l and copy the f\n+00005610: 696c 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7461 iles into the ta\n+00005620: 7267 6574 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 3a0a rget directory:.\n+00005630: 0a20 2020 2020 6375 726c 202d 4c20 2d4f . curl -L -O\n+00005640: 2068 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 6f62 6572 http://www.ober\n+00005650: 6875 6d65 722e 636f 6d2f 6f70 656e 736f humer.com/openso\n+00005660: 7572 6365 2f6c 7a6f 2f64 6f77 6e6c 6f61 urce/lzo/downloa\n+00005670: 642f 6d69 6e69 6c7a 6f2d 322e 3130 2e74 d/minilzo-2.10.t\n+00005680: 6172 2e67 7a0a 2020 2020 2074 6172 202d ar.gz. tar -\n+00005690: 7a78 6620 6d69 6e69 6c7a 6f2d 322e 3130 zxf minilzo-2.10\n+000056a0: 2e74 6172 2e67 7a0a 2020 2020 2072 6d20 .tar.gz. rm \n+000056b0: 6d69 6e69 6c7a 6f2d 322e 3130 2f74 6573 minilzo-2.10/tes\n+000056c0: 746d 696e 692e 630a 2020 2020 2072 6d20 tmini.c. rm \n+000056d0: 2d72 2067 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f6c 6962 -r grub-core/lib\n+000056e0: 2f6d 696e 696c 7a6f 2f2a 0a20 2020 2020 /minilzo/*. \n+000056f0: 6370 206d 696e 696c 7a6f 2d32 2e31 302f cp minilzo-2.10/\n+00005700: 2a2e 5b68 635d 2067 7275 622d 636f 7265 *.[hc] grub-core\n+00005710: 2f6c 6962 2f6d 696e 696c 7a6f 0a20 2020 /lib/minilzo. \n+00005720: 2020 726d 202d 7220 6d69 6e69 6c7a 6f2d rm -r minilzo-\n+00005730: 322e 3130 2a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 2.10*....File: g\n+00005740: 7275 622d 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e rub-dev.info, N\n+00005750: 6f64 653a 2050 6f72 7469 6e67 2c20 204e ode: Porting, N\n+00005760: 6578 743a 2045 7272 6f72 2048 616e 646c ext: Error Handl\n+00005770: 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5570 6461 ing, Prev: Upda\n+00005780: 7469 6e67 2045 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 436f ting External Co\n+00005790: 6465 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3620 de, Up: Top..6 \n+000057a0: 506f 7274 696e 670a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a Porting.********\n+000057b0: 2a0a 0a47 5255 4232 2069 7320 6465 7369 *..GRUB2 is desi\n+000057c0: 676e 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2065 6173 696c gned to be easil\n+000057d0: 7920 706f 7274 6162 6c65 2061 6363 726f y portable accro\n+000057e0: 7373 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 2042 ss platforms. B\n+000057f0: 7574 2062 6563 6175 7365 0a6f 6620 7468 ut because.of th\n+00005800: 6520 6e61 7475 7265 206f 6620 626f 6f74 e nature of boot\n+00005810: 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 7665 7279 206e 6577 loader every new\n+00005820: 2070 6f72 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 646f port must be do\n+00005830: 6e65 2073 6570 6172 6174 656c 792e 0a48 ne separately..H\n+00005840: 6572 6520 6973 2068 6f77 2049 2064 6964 ere is how I did\n+00005850: 204d 4950 5320 286c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 MIPS (loongson \n+00005860: 616e 6420 4152 4329 2061 6e64 2058 656e and ARC) and Xen\n+00005870: 2070 6f72 7473 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 ports. Note th\n+00005880: 616e 2074 6869 730a 6973 206d 6f72 6520 an this.is more \n+00005890: 6f66 2073 7567 6765 7374 696f 6e73 2c20 of suggestions, \n+000058a0: 6e6f 7420 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2074 7275 not absolute tru\n+000058b0: 7468 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 7273 7420 6f66 th... First of\n+000058c0: 2061 6c6c 2067 7261 6220 616e 7920 6172 all grab any ar\n+000058d0: 6368 6974 6563 7475 7265 2073 7065 6369 chitecture speci\n+000058e0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 796f 7520 6361 fications you ca\n+000058f0: 6e20 6669 6e64 2069 6e0a 7075 626c 6963 n find in.public\n+00005900: 2028 706c 6561 7365 2061 766f 6964 204e (please avoid N\n+00005910: 4441 292e 0a0a 2020 2046 6972 7374 2073 DA)... First s\n+00005920: 7461 6765 2069 7320 2248 656c 6c6f 2077 tage is \"Hello w\n+00005930: 6f72 6c64 222e 2020 4927 7665 2064 6f6e orld\". I've don\n+00005940: 6520 6974 206f 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 e it outside of \n+00005950: 4752 5542 2066 6f72 0a73 696d 706c 6963 GRUB for.simplic\n+00005960: 6974 792e 2020 596f 7572 2074 6173 6b20 ity. Your task \n+00005970: 6973 2074 6f20 6861 7665 2061 2073 6d61 is to have a sma\n+00005980: 6c6c 2070 726f 6772 616d 2077 6869 6368 ll program which\n+00005990: 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 2061 730a is loadable as.\n+000059a0: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 2063 bootloader and c\n+000059b0: 6c65 6172 6c79 2073 686f 7773 2069 7473 learly shows its\n+000059c0: 2070 7265 7365 6e63 6520 746f 2079 6f75 presence to you\n+000059d0: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2065 . If you have e\n+000059e0: 6173 696c 790a 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 asily.accessible\n+000059f0: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2079 6f75 2063 616e console you can\n+00005a00: 206a 7573 7420 7072 696e 7420 6120 6d65 just print a me\n+00005a10: 7373 6167 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 ssage. If you h\n+00005a20: 6176 6520 6120 6d61 7070 6564 0a66 7261 ave a mapped.fra\n+00005a30: 6d65 6275 6666 6572 2079 6f75 206b 6e6f mebuffer you kno\n+00005a40: 7720 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2c20 796f w address of, yo\n+00005a50: 7520 6361 6e20 6472 6177 2061 2073 7175 u can draw a squ\n+00005a60: 6172 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 are. If you hav\n+00005a70: 6520 610a 6465 6275 6720 6661 6369 6c69 e a.debug facili\n+00005a80: 7479 2c20 6a75 7374 2068 616e 6769 6e67 ty, just hanging\n+00005a90: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2063 7261 7368 696e without crashin\n+00005aa0: 6720 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2065 6e6f 7567 g might be enoug\n+00005ab0: 682e 2020 466f 7220 7468 650a 6669 7273 h. For the.firs\n+00005ac0: 7420 7374 6167 6520 796f 7520 6361 6e20 t stage you can \n+00005ad0: 6368 6f6f 7365 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2074 choose to load t\n+00005ae0: 6865 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 6163 he bootloader ac\n+00005af0: 726f 7373 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b ross the network\n+00005b00: 0a73 696e 6365 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 666f .since format fo\n+00005b10: 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696d 6167 6520 r network image \n+00005b20: 6973 206f 6674 656e 2065 6173 6965 7220 is often easier \n+00005b30: 7468 616e 2066 6f72 206c 6f63 616c 2062 than for local b\n+00005b40: 6f6f 7420 616e 640a 6974 2073 6b69 7073 oot and.it skips\n+00005b50: 2074 6865 206e 6565 6420 6f66 2073 6d61 the need of sma\n+00005b60: 6c6c 2069 6e74 6572 6d65 6469 6172 7920 ll intermediary \n+00005b70: 7374 6167 6573 2061 6e64 206e 7672 616d stages and nvram\n+00005b80: 2068 616e 646c 696e 672e 0a41 6464 6974 handling..Addit\n+00005b90: 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ionally you can \n+00005ba0: 6f66 7465 6e20 6861 7665 2061 2067 6f6f often have a goo\n+00005bb0: 6420 6964 6561 206f 6620 7468 6520 6e65 d idea of the ne\n+00005bc0: 6564 6564 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6279 0a72 eded format by.r\n+00005bd0: 756e 6e69 6e67 2022 6669 6c65 2220 6f6e unning \"file\" on\n+00005be0: 2061 6e79 206e 6574 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 any netbootable\n+00005bf0: 2065 7865 6375 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 executable for \n+00005c00: 6769 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a given platform..\n+00005c10: 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2070 726f 6772 616d . This program\n+00005c20: 2073 686f 756c 6420 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 should probably\n+00005c30: 2068 6176 6520 3220 7061 7274 733a 2061 have 2 parts: a\n+00005c40: 6e20 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 7220 616e 6420 n assembler and \n+00005c50: 4320 6f6e 652e 0a41 7373 656d 626c 6572 C one..Assembler\n+00005c60: 206f 6e65 2068 616e 646c 6573 2042 5353 one handles BSS\n+00005c70: 2063 6c65 616e 696e 6720 616e 6420 6f74 cleaning and ot\n+00005c80: 6865 7220 6e65 6564 6564 2073 6574 7570 her needed setup\n+00005c90: 2028 6f6e 2073 6f6d 650a 706c 6174 666f (on some.platfo\n+00005ca0: 726d 7320 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 rms you may need\n+00005cb0: 2074 6f20 7377 6974 6368 206d 6f64 6573 to switch modes\n+00005cc0: 206f 7220 636f 7079 2074 6865 2065 7865 or copy the exe\n+00005cd0: 6375 7461 626c 6520 746f 2069 7473 0a64 cutable to its.d\n+00005ce0: 6566 696e 6974 6976 6520 706f 7369 7469 efinitive positi\n+00005cf0: 6f6e 292e 2020 536f 2079 6f75 7220 636f on). So your co\n+00005d00: 6465 206d 6179 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 de may look like\n+00005d10: 2028 7838 3620 6173 7365 6d62 6c79 2066 (x86 assembly f\n+00005d20: 6f72 0a69 6c6c 7573 7472 6174 696f 6e20 or.illustration \n+00005d30: 7075 7270 6f73 6573 290a 0a20 2020 2020 purposes).. \n+00005d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e67 6c6f 626c 205f .globl _\n+00005d50: 7374 6172 740a 2020 2020 205f 7374 6172 start. _star\n+00005d60: 743a 0a20 2020 2020 096d 6f76 6c09 245f t:. .movl.$_\n+00005d70: 6273 735f 7374 6172 742c 2025 6564 690a bss_start, %edi.\n+00005d80: 2020 2020 2009 6d6f 766c 0924 5f65 6e64 .movl.$_end\n+00005d90: 2c20 2565 6378 0a20 2020 2020 0973 7562 , %ecx. .sub\n+00005da0: 6c09 2565 6469 2c20 2565 6378 0a20 2020 l.%edi, %ecx. \n+00005db0: 2020 0978 6f72 6c09 2565 6178 2c20 2565 .xorl.%eax, %e\n+00005dc0: 6178 0a20 2020 2020 0963 6c64 0a20 2020 ax. .cld. \n+00005dd0: 2020 0972 6570 0a20 2020 2020 0973 746f .rep. .sto\n+00005de0: 7362 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sb. \n+00005df0: 6361 6c6c 206d 6169 6e0a 0a0a 2020 2020 call main... \n+00005e00: 2073 7461 7469 6320 636f 6e73 7420 6368 static const ch\n+00005e10: 6172 206d 7367 5b5d 203d 2022 4865 6c6c ar msg[] = \"Hell\n+00005e20: 6f2c 2077 6f72 6c64 223b 0a0a 2020 2020 o, world\";.. \n+00005e30: 2076 6f69 640a 2020 2020 2070 7574 6368 void. putch\n+00005e40: 6172 2028 696e 7420 6329 0a20 2020 2020 ar (int c). \n+00005e50: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 {. .... \n+00005e60: 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 766f 6964 0a20 }.. void. \n+00005e70: 2020 2020 6d61 696e 2028 766f 6964 290a main (void).\n+00005e80: 2020 2020 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 636f {. co\n+00005e90: 6e73 7420 6368 6172 202a 7074 7220 3d20 nst char *ptr = \n+00005ea0: 6d73 673b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7768 696c msg;. whil\n+00005eb0: 6520 282a 7074 7229 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e (*ptr). \n+00005ec0: 2020 7075 7463 6861 7220 282a 7074 722b putchar (*ptr+\n+00005ed0: 2b29 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2077 6869 6c65 +);. while\n+00005ee0: 2028 3129 3b0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 (1);. }.. \n+00005ef0: 2053 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 2079 6f75 206e Sometimes you n\n+00005f00: 6565 6420 6120 7468 6972 6420 6669 6c65 eed a third file\n+00005f10: 3a20 6173 7365 6d62 6c79 2073 7475 6273 : assembly stubs\n+00005f20: 2066 6f72 0a41 4249 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 for.ABI-compati\n+00005f30: 6269 6c69 7479 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 6365 bility... Once\n+00005f40: 2074 6869 7320 6669 6c65 2069 7320 6675 this file is fu\n+00005f50: 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 7427 7320 7469 nctional it's ti\n+00005f60: 6d65 2074 6f20 6d6f 7665 2069 7420 696e me to move it in\n+00005f70: 746f 2047 5255 4232 2e20 2054 6865 0a73 to GRUB2. The.s\n+00005f80: 7461 7274 7570 2061 7373 656d 626c 7920 tartup assembly \n+00005f90: 6669 6c65 2067 6f65 7320 746f 2067 7275 file goes to gru\n+00005fa0: 622d 636f 7265 2f6b 6572 6e2f 2463 7075 b-core/kern/$cpu\n+00005fb0: 2f24 706c 6174 666f 726d 2f73 7461 7274 /$platform/start\n+00005fc0: 7570 2e53 2e0a 596f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 up.S..You should\n+00005fd0: 2061 6c73 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 6772 also include gr\n+00005fe0: 7562 2f73 796d 626f 6c2e 6820 616e 6420 ub/symbol.h and \n+00005ff0: 7265 706c 6163 6520 6361 6c6c 2074 6f20 replace call to \n+00006000: 656e 7472 7920 706f 696e 740a 7769 7468 entry point.with\n+00006010: 2063 616c 6c20 746f 2045 5854 5f43 2867 call to EXT_C(g\n+00006020: 7275 625f 6d61 696e 292e 2020 5468 6520 rub_main). The \n+00006030: 4320 6669 6c65 2067 6f65 7320 746f 0a67 C file goes to.g\n+00006040: 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f6b 6572 6e2f 2463 rub-core/kern/$c\n+00006050: 7075 2f24 706c 6174 666f 726d 2f69 6e69 pu/$platform/ini\n+00006060: 742e 6320 616e 6420 6974 7320 656e 7472 t.c and its entr\n+00006070: 7920 706f 696e 7420 6973 2072 656e 616d y point is renam\n+00006080: 6564 2074 6f0a 766f 6964 2067 7275 625f ed to.void grub_\n+00006090: 6d61 6368 696e 655f 696e 6974 2028 766f machine_init (vo\n+000060a0: 6964 292e 2020 4b65 6570 2066 696e 616c id). Keep final\n+000060b0: 2069 6e66 696e 6974 6520 6c6f 6f70 2066 infinite loop f\n+000060c0: 6f72 206e 6f77 2e20 2053 7475 6273 0a66 or now. Stubs.f\n+000060d0: 696c 6520 6966 2061 6e79 2067 6f65 7320 ile if any goes \n+000060e0: 746f 2067 7275 622d 636f 7265 2f6b 6572 to grub-core/ker\n+000060f0: 6e2f 2463 7075 2f24 706c 6174 666f 726d n/$cpu/$platform\n+00006100: 2f63 616c 6c77 7261 702e 532e 2053 6f6d /callwrap.S. Som\n+00006110: 6574 696d 6573 0a65 6974 6865 7220 2463 etimes.either $c\n+00006120: 7075 206f 7220 2470 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 pu or $platform \n+00006130: 6973 2064 726f 7070 6564 2069 6620 6669 is dropped if fi\n+00006140: 6c65 2069 7320 7573 6564 206f 6e20 7365 le is used on se\n+00006150: 7665 7261 6c20 6370 7573 0a72 6573 7065 veral cpus.respe\n+00006160: 6374 6976 656c 7970 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 ctivelyplatforms\n+00006170: 2e20 2043 6865 636b 2074 686f 7365 206c . Check those l\n+00006180: 6f63 6174 696f 6e73 2069 6620 7468 6579 ocations if they\n+00006190: 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2068 6176 6520 7768 already have wh\n+000061a0: 6174 0a79 6f75 2772 6520 6c6f 6f6b 696e at.you're lookin\n+000061b0: 6720 666f 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 6e20 g for... Then \n+000061c0: 6d6f 6469 6679 2069 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 modify in config\n+000061d0: 7572 652e 6163 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ure.ac the follo\n+000061e0: 7769 6e67 2070 6172 7473 3a0a 0a20 2020 wing parts:.. \n+000061f0: 4350 5520 6e61 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 CPU names:.. \n+00006200: 2063 6173 6520 2224 7461 7267 6574 5f63 case \"$target_c\n+00006210: 7075 2220 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 695b pu\" in. i[\n+00006220: 5b33 3435 365d 5d38 3629 0974 6172 6765 [3456]]86).targe\n+00006230: 745f 6370 753d 6933 3836 203b 3b0a 2020 t_cpu=i386 ;;. \n+00006240: 2020 2020 2061 6d64 3634 2909 7461 7267 amd64).targ\n+00006250: 6574 5f63 7075 3d78 3836 5f36 3420 3b3b et_cpu=x86_64 ;;\n+00006260: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7370 6172 6329 0974 . sparc).t\n+00006270: 6172 6765 745f 6370 753d 7370 6172 6336 arget_cpu=sparc6\n+00006280: 3420 3b3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7333 3930 4 ;;. s390\n+00006290: 7829 0974 6172 6765 745f 6370 753d 7333 x).target_cpu=s3\n+000062a0: 3930 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 90 ;;. ...\n+000062b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6573 6163 0a0a 2020 2053 . esac.. S\n+000062c0: 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 2043 5055 2068 6176 ometimes CPU hav\n+000062d0: 6520 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 7263 e additional arc\n+000062e0: 6869 7465 6374 7572 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 hitecture names \n+000062f0: 7768 6963 6820 646f 6e27 740a 696e 666c which don't.infl\n+00006300: 7565 6e63 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 uence booting. \n+00006310: 596f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 7761 6e74 2074 You might want t\n+00006320: 6f20 6861 7665 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 6e6f o have some cano\n+00006330: 6e69 6361 6c20 6e61 6d65 2074 6f20 6176 nical name to av\n+00006340: 6f69 640a 6861 7669 6e67 2062 756e 6368 oid.having bunch\n+00006350: 206f 6620 6964 656e 7469 6361 6c20 706c of identical pl\n+00006360: 6174 666f 726d 7320 7769 7468 2064 6966 atforms with dif\n+00006370: 6665 7265 6e74 206e 616d 6573 2e0a 0a20 ferent names... \n+00006380: 2020 4e4f 5445 3a20 6974 2064 6f65 736e NOTE: it doesn\n+00006390: 2774 2069 6e66 6c75 656e 6365 2063 6f6d 't influence com\n+000063a0: 7069 6c65 206f 7074 696d 6973 6174 696f pile optimisatio\n+000063b0: 6e73 2077 6869 6368 2064 6570 656e 6420 ns which depend \n+000063c0: 736f 6c65 6c79 0a6f 6e20 6368 6f73 656e solely.on chosen\n+000063d0: 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 7220 616e 6420 636f compiler and co\n+000063e0: 6d70 696c 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a mpile options...\n+000063f0: 2020 2020 2069 6620 7465 7374 2022 7824 if test \"x$\n+00006400: 7769 7468 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d22 203d with_platform\" =\n+00006410: 2078 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 x; then. \n+00006420: 6361 7365 2022 2474 6172 6765 745f 6370 case \"$target_cp\n+00006430: 7522 2d22 2474 6172 6765 745f 7665 6e64 u\"-\"$target_vend\n+00006440: 6f72 2220 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 or\" in. \n+00006450: 6933 3836 2d61 7070 6c65 2920 706c 6174 i386-apple) plat\n+00006460: 666f 726d 3d65 6669 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 form=efi ;;. \n+00006470: 2020 2020 2069 3338 362d 2a29 2070 6c61 i386-*) pla\n+00006480: 7466 6f72 6d3d 7063 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 tform=pc ;;. \n+00006490: 2020 2020 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6170 706c x86_64-appl\n+000064a0: 6529 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3d 6566 6920 e) platform=efi \n+000064b0: 3b3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7838 365f ;;. x86_\n+000064c0: 3634 2d2a 2920 706c 6174 666f 726d 3d70 64-*) platform=p\n+000064d0: 6320 3b3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f c ;;. po\n+000064e0: 7765 7270 632d 2a29 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 werpc-*) platfor\n+000064f0: 6d3d 6965 6565 3132 3735 203b 3b0a 2020 m=ieee1275 ;;. \n+00006500: 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 .... \n+00006510: 2020 6573 6163 0a20 2020 2020 656c 7365 esac. else\n+00006520: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 . .... \n+00006530: 2066 690a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2070 6172 fi.. This par\n+00006540: 7420 6465 616c 7320 7769 7468 2067 7565 t deals with gue\n+00006550: 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f ssing the platfo\n+00006560: 726d 2066 726f 6d20 4350 5520 616e 6420 rm from CPU and \n+00006570: 7665 6e64 6f72 2e0a 536f 6d65 7469 6d65 vendor..Sometime\n+00006580: 7320 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7573 s you need to us\n+00006590: 6520 3332 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6520 666f e 32-bit mode fo\n+000065a0: 7220 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6576 656e 2069 r booting even i\n+000065b0: 6620 4f53 2072 756e 7320 696e 0a36 342d f OS runs in.64-\n+000065c0: 6269 7420 6f6e 652e 2020 4966 2073 6f20 bit one. If so \n+000065d0: 6164 6420 796f 7572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 add your platfor\n+000065e0: 6d20 746f 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6361 7365 m to:.. case\n+000065f0: 2022 2474 6172 6765 745f 6370 7522 2d22 \"$target_cpu\"-\"\n+00006600: 2470 6c61 7466 6f72 6d22 2069 6e0a 2020 $platform\" in. \n+00006610: 2020 2020 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6929 x86_64-efi)\n+00006620: 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2078 3836 5f36 ;;. x86_6\n+00006630: 342d 656d 7529 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 4-emu) ;;. \n+00006640: 2078 3836 5f36 342d 2a29 2074 6172 6765 x86_64-*) targe\n+00006650: 745f 6370 753d 6933 3836 203b 3b0a 2020 t_cpu=i386 ;;. \n+00006660: 2020 2020 2070 6f77 6572 7063 3634 2d69 powerpc64-i\n+00006670: 6565 6531 3237 3529 2074 6172 6765 745f eee1275) target_\n+00006680: 6370 753d 706f 7765 7270 6320 3b3b 0a20 cpu=powerpc ;;. \n+00006690: 2020 2020 6573 6163 0a0a 2020 2041 6464 esac.. Add\n+000066a0: 2079 6f75 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 2074 your platform t\n+000066b0: 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7375 o the list of su\n+000066c0: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 6573 3a0a 0a20 pported ones:.. \n+000066d0: 2020 2020 6361 7365 2022 2474 6172 6765 case \"$targe\n+000066e0: 745f 6370 7522 2d22 2470 6c61 7466 6f72 t_cpu\"-\"$platfor\n+000066f0: 6d22 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2069 3338 m\" in. i38\n+00006700: 362d 6566 6929 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 6-efi) ;;. \n+00006710: 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6929 203b 3b0a x86_64-efi) ;;.\n+00006720: 2020 2020 2020 2069 3338 362d 7063 2920 i386-pc) \n+00006730: 3b3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6933 3836 2d6d ;;. i386-m\n+00006740: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2920 3b3b 0a20 2020 ultiboot) ;;. \n+00006750: 2020 2020 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f i386-coreboo\n+00006760: 7429 203b 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e t) ;;. ...\n+00006770: 0a20 2020 2020 6573 6163 0a0a 2020 2049 . esac.. I\n+00006780: 6620 6578 706c 6963 6974 202d 6d33 3220 f explicit -m32 \n+00006790: 6f72 202d 6d36 3420 6973 206e 6565 6465 or -m64 is neede\n+000067a0: 6420 6164 6420 6974 2074 6f3a 0a0a 2020 d add it to:.. \n+000067b0: 2020 2063 6173 6520 2224 7461 7267 6574 case \"$target\n+000067c0: 5f63 7075 2220 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 _cpu\" in. \n+000067d0: 6933 3836 207c 2070 6f77 6572 7063 2920 i386 | powerpc) \n+000067e0: 7461 7267 6574 5f6d 3332 3d31 203b 3b0a target_m32=1 ;;.\n+000067f0: 2020 2020 2020 2078 3836 5f36 3420 7c20 x86_64 | \n+00006800: 7370 6172 6336 3429 2074 6172 6765 745f sparc64) target_\n+00006810: 6d36 343d 3120 3b3b 0a20 2020 2020 6573 m64=1 ;;. es\n+00006820: 6163 0a0a 2020 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2079 ac.. Finally y\n+00006830: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2061 6464 2061 ou need to add a\n+00006840: 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6f20 conditional to \n+00006850: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 626c the following bl\n+00006860: 6f63 6b3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 4d5f 434f ock:.. AM_CO\n+00006870: 4e44 4954 494f 4e41 4c28 5b43 4f4e 445f NDITIONAL([COND_\n+00006880: 6d69 7073 5f61 7263 5d2c 205b 7465 7374 mips_arc], [test\n+00006890: 2078 2474 6172 6765 745f 6370 7520 3d20 x$target_cpu = \n+000068a0: 786d 6970 7320 2d61 2078 2470 6c61 7466 xmips -a x$platf\n+000068b0: 6f72 6d20 3d20 7861 7263 5d29 0a20 2020 orm = xarc]). \n+000068c0: 2020 414d 5f43 4f4e 4449 5449 4f4e 414c AM_CONDITIONAL\n+000068d0: 285b 434f 4e44 5f73 7061 7263 3634 5f69 ([COND_sparc64_i\n+000068e0: 6565 6531 3237 355d 2c20 5b74 6573 7420 eee1275], [test \n+000068f0: 7824 7461 7267 6574 5f63 7075 203d 2078 x$target_cpu = x\n+00006900: 7370 6172 6336 3420 2d61 2078 2470 6c61 sparc64 -a x$pla\n+00006910: 7466 6f72 6d20 3d20 7869 6565 6531 3237 tform = xieee127\n+00006920: 355d 290a 2020 2020 2041 4d5f 434f 4e44 5]). AM_COND\n+00006930: 4954 494f 4e41 4c28 5b43 4f4e 445f 706f ITIONAL([COND_po\n+00006940: 7765 7270 635f 6965 6565 3132 3735 5d2c werpc_ieee1275],\n+00006950: 205b 7465 7374 2078 2474 6172 6765 745f [test x$target_\n+00006960: 6370 7520 3d20 7870 6f77 6572 7063 202d cpu = xpowerpc -\n+00006970: 6120 7824 706c 6174 666f 726d 203d 2078 a x$platform = x\n+00006980: 6965 6565 3132 3735 5d29 0a0a 2020 204e ieee1275]).. N\n+00006990: 6578 7420 7374 6f70 2069 7320 6765 6e74 ext stop is gent\n+000069a0: 706c 2e70 792e 2020 596f 7520 6e65 6564 pl.py. You need\n+000069b0: 2074 6f20 6164 6420 796f 7572 2070 6c61 to add your pla\n+000069c0: 7466 6f72 6d20 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 tform to the lis\n+000069d0: 7420 6f66 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f t of.supported o\n+000069e0: 6e65 7320 2873 6f72 7279 2074 6861 7420 nes (sorry that \n+000069f0: 7468 6973 206c 6973 7420 6973 2064 7570 this list is dup\n+00006a00: 6c69 6361 7465 6429 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 licated):.. \n+00006a10: 4752 5542 5f50 4c41 5446 4f52 4d53 203d GRUB_PLATFORMS =\n+00006a20: 205b 2022 656d 7522 2c20 2269 3338 365f [ \"emu\", \"i386_\n+00006a30: 7063 222c 2022 6933 3836 5f65 6669 222c pc\", \"i386_efi\",\n+00006a40: 2022 6933 3836 5f71 656d 7522 2c20 2269 \"i386_qemu\", \"i\n+00006a50: 3338 365f 636f 7265 626f 6f74 222c 0a20 386_coreboot\",. \n 00006a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00006a70: 2020 2020 2022 6933 3836 5f6d 756c 7469 \"i386_multi\n-00006a80: 626f 6f74 222c 2022 6933 3836 5f69 6565 boot\", \"i386_iee\n-00006a90: 6531 3237 3522 2c20 2278 3836 5f36 345f e1275\", \"x86_64_\n-00006aa0: 6566 6922 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 efi\",. \n-00006ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 226d \"m\n-00006ac0: 6970 735f 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 222c 2022 ips_loongson\", \"\n-00006ad0: 7370 6172 6336 345f 6965 6565 3132 3735 sparc64_ieee1275\n-00006ae0: 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \",. \n-00006af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 706f 7765 \"powe\n-00006b00: 7270 635f 6965 6565 3132 3735 222c 2022 rpc_ieee1275\", \"\n-00006b10: 6d69 7073 5f61 7263 222c 2022 6961 3634 mips_arc\", \"ia64\n-00006b20: 5f65 6669 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _efi\",. \n-00006b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-00006b40: 6d69 7073 5f71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 222c mips_qemu_mips\",\n-00006b50: 2022 7333 3930 5f6d 6169 6e66 7261 6d65 \"s390_mainframe\n-00006b60: 2220 5d0a 0a20 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 \" ].. You may \n-00006b70: 616c 736f 2077 616e 7420 616c 7265 6164 also want alread\n-00006b80: 7920 746f 2061 6464 206e 6577 2070 6c61 y to add new pla\n-00006b90: 7466 6f72 6d20 746f 206f 6e65 206f 7220 tform to one or \n-00006ba0: 7365 7665 7261 6c20 6f66 0a61 7661 696c several of.avail\n-00006bb0: 6162 6c65 2067 726f 7570 732e 2020 496e able groups. In\n-00006bc0: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 7765 2061 particular we a\n-00006bd0: 6c77 6179 7320 6861 7665 2061 2067 726f lways have a gro\n-00006be0: 7570 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 4350 550a up for each CPU.\n-00006bf0: 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 6f6e 6c79 206f even when only o\n-00006c00: 6e65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 666f 7220 ne platform for \n-00006c10: 6769 7665 6e20 4350 5520 6973 2061 7661 given CPU is ava\n-00006c20: 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 656e ilable... Then\n-00006c30: 2063 6f6d 6573 2067 7275 622d 636f 7265 comes grub-core\n-00006c40: 2f4d 616b 6566 696c 652e 636f 7265 2e64 /Makefile.core.d\n-00006c50: 6566 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 626c 6f63 ef. In the bloc\n-00006c60: 6b20 226b 6572 6e65 6c22 2079 6f75 276c k \"kernel\" you'l\n-00006c70: 6c0a 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6669 6e65 l.need to define\n-00006c80: 206c 6466 6c61 6773 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 ldflags for you\n-00006c90: 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 2028 2463 7075 r platform ($cpu\n-00006ca0: 5f24 706c 6174 666f 726d 5f6c 6466 6c61 _$platform_ldfla\n-00006cb0: 6773 292e 2020 596f 750a 616c 736f 206e gs). You.also n\n-00006cc0: 6565 6420 746f 2064 6563 6c61 7265 2073 eed to declare s\n-00006cd0: 7461 7274 7570 2061 736d 2066 696c 6520 tartup asm file \n-00006ce0: 2824 6370 755f 2470 6c61 7466 6f72 6d5f ($cpu_$platform_\n-00006cf0: 7374 6172 7475 7029 2061 7320 7765 6c6c startup) as well\n-00006d00: 0a61 7320 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6669 .as any other fi\n-00006d10: 6c65 7320 2865 2e67 2e20 2069 6e69 742e les (e.g. init.\n-00006d20: 6320 616e 6420 6361 6c6c 7772 6170 2e53 c and callwrap.S\n-00006d30: 2920 2865 2e67 2e20 2024 6370 755f 2470 ) (e.g. $cpu_$p\n-00006d40: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 3d0a 6b65 726e 2f24 latform =.kern/$\n-00006d50: 6370 752f 2470 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2f 696e cpu/$platform/in\n-00006d60: 6974 2e63 292e 2020 4174 2074 6869 7320 it.c). At this \n-00006d70: 7374 6167 6520 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 2061 stage you will a\n-00006d80: 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6164 640a lso need to add.\n-00006d90: 6475 6d6d 7920 646c 2e63 2061 6e64 2063 dummy dl.c and c\n-00006da0: 6163 6865 2e53 2077 6974 6820 6675 6e63 ache.S with func\n-00006db0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 tions grub_err_t\n-00006dc0: 0a67 7275 625f 6172 6368 5f64 6c5f 6368 .grub_arch_dl_ch\n-00006dd0: 6563 6b5f 6865 6164 6572 2028 766f 6964 eck_header (void\n-00006de0: 202a 6568 6472 292c 2067 7275 625f 6572 *ehdr), grub_er\n-00006df0: 725f 740a 6772 7562 5f61 7263 685f 646c r_t.grub_arch_dl\n-00006e00: 5f72 656c 6f63 6174 655f 7379 6d62 6f6c _relocate_symbol\n-00006e10: 7320 2867 7275 625f 646c 5f74 206d 6f64 s (grub_dl_t mod\n-00006e20: 2c20 766f 6964 202a 6568 6472 2920 2864 , void *ehdr) (d\n-00006e30: 6c2e 6329 2061 6e64 0a76 6f69 6420 6772 l.c) and.void gr\n-00006e40: 7562 5f61 7263 685f 7379 6e63 5f63 6163 ub_arch_sync_cac\n-00006e50: 6865 7320 2876 6f69 6420 2a61 6464 7265 hes (void *addre\n-00006e60: 7373 2c20 6772 7562 5f73 697a 655f 7420 ss, grub_size_t \n-00006e70: 6c65 6e29 2028 6361 6368 652e 5329 2e0a len) (cache.S)..\n-00006e80: 5468 6579 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 7573 They won't be us\n-00006e90: 6564 2066 6f72 206e 6f77 2e0a 0a20 2020 ed for now... \n-00006ea0: 596f 7520 7769 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f You will need to\n-00006eb0: 2063 7265 6174 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 create director\n-00006ec0: 7920 696e 636c 7564 652f 2463 7075 2f24 y include/$cpu/$\n-00006ed0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2061 6e64 2061 2066 platform and a f\n-00006ee0: 696c 650a 696e 636c 7564 652f 2463 7075 ile.include/$cpu\n-00006ef0: 2f74 7970 6573 2e68 2e20 2054 6865 206c /types.h. The l\n-00006f00: 6174 6572 2066 6f6c 6f77 696e 6720 7468 ater folowing th\n-00006f10: 6973 2074 656d 706c 6174 653a 0a0a 2020 is template:.. \n-00006f20: 2020 2023 6966 6e64 6566 2047 5255 425f #ifndef GRUB_\n-00006f30: 5459 5045 535f 4350 555f 4845 4144 4552 TYPES_CPU_HEADER\n-00006f40: 0a20 2020 2020 2364 6566 696e 6520 4752 . #define GR\n-00006f50: 5542 5f54 5950 4553 5f43 5055 5f48 4541 UB_TYPES_CPU_HEA\n-00006f60: 4445 5209 310a 0a20 2020 2020 2f2a 2054 DER.1.. /* T\n-00006f70: 6865 2073 697a 6520 6f66 2076 6f69 6420 he size of void \n-00006f80: 2a2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2364 6566 *. */. #def\n-00006f90: 696e 6520 4752 5542 5f54 4152 4745 545f ine GRUB_TARGET_\n-00006fa0: 5349 5a45 4f46 5f56 4f49 445f 5009 340a SIZEOF_VOID_P.4.\n-00006fb0: 0a20 2020 2020 2f2a 2054 6865 2073 697a . /* The siz\n-00006fc0: 6520 6f66 206c 6f6e 672e 2020 2a2f 0a20 e of long. */. \n-00006fd0: 2020 2020 2364 6566 696e 6520 4752 5542 #define GRUB\n-00006fe0: 5f54 4152 4745 545f 5349 5a45 4f46 5f4c _TARGET_SIZEOF_L\n-00006ff0: 4f4e 4709 0934 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2a20 ONG..4.. /* \n-00007000: 6d79 6370 7520 6973 2062 6967 2d65 6e64 mycpu is big-end\n-00007010: 6961 6e2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2364 ian. */. #d\n-00007020: 6566 696e 6520 4752 5542 5f54 4152 4745 efine GRUB_TARGE\n-00007030: 545f 574f 5244 535f 4249 4745 4e44 4941 T_WORDS_BIGENDIA\n-00007040: 4e09 310a 2020 2020 202f 2a20 416c 7465 N.1. /* Alte\n-00007050: 726e 6174 6976 656c 793a 206d 7963 7075 rnatively: mycpu\n-00007060: 2069 7320 6c69 7474 6c65 2d65 6e64 6961 is little-endia\n-00007070: 6e2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2375 6e64 n. */. #und\n-00007080: 6566 2047 5255 425f 5441 5247 4554 5f57 ef GRUB_TARGET_W\n-00007090: 4f52 4453 5f42 4947 454e 4449 414e 0a0a ORDS_BIGENDIAN..\n-000070a0: 2020 2020 2023 656e 6469 6620 2f2a 2021 #endif /* !\n-000070b0: 2047 5255 425f 5459 5045 535f 4350 555f GRUB_TYPES_CPU_\n-000070c0: 4845 4144 4552 202a 2f0a 0a20 2020 596f HEADER */.. Yo\n-000070d0: 7520 7769 6c6c 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 u will also need\n-000070e0: 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6120 6475 6d6d 7920 to add a dummy \n-000070f0: 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 6461 7465 7469 6d65 file to datetime\n-00007100: 2061 6e64 2073 6574 6a6d 7020 6d6f 6475 and setjmp modu\n-00007110: 6c65 730a 746f 2061 766f 6964 2061 6e79 les.to avoid any\n-00007120: 206f 6620 6974 2068 6176 696e 6720 6e6f of it having no\n-00007130: 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2049 7420 6361 6e20 files. It can \n-00007140: 6265 206a 7573 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 be just complete\n-00007150: 6c79 2065 6d70 7479 2061 740a 7468 6973 ly empty at.this\n-00007160: 2073 7461 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 596f 7527 stage... You'\n-00007170: 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 ll need to make \n-00007180: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 2e63 2028 grub-mkimage.c (\n-00007190: 7574 696c 2f67 7275 625f 6d6b 696d 6167 util/grub_mkimag\n-000071a0: 652e 6329 2061 7761 7265 206f 6620 7468 e.c) aware of th\n-000071b0: 650a 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 6d61 742e e.needed format.\n-000071c0: 2020 466f 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6f6d 6d6f For most commo\n-000071d0: 6e6c 7920 7573 6564 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 nly used formats\n-000071e0: 206c 696b 6520 454c 462c 2050 452c 2061 like ELF, PE, a\n-000071f0: 6f75 7420 6f72 2072 6177 0a74 6865 2073 out or raw.the s\n-00007200: 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 616c 7265 6164 upport is alread\n-00007210: 7920 7072 6573 656e 7420 616e 6420 796f y present and yo\n-00007220: 7527 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b u'll need to mak\n-00007230: 6520 6974 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7720 7468 650a e it follow the.\n-00007240: 6578 6973 7461 6e74 2063 6f64 6520 7061 existant code pa\n-00007250: 7468 7320 666f 7220 796f 7572 2070 6c61 ths for your pla\n-00007260: 7466 6f72 6d20 6164 6469 6e67 2061 646a tform adding adj\n-00007270: 7573 746d 656e 7473 2069 6620 6e65 6365 ustments if nece\n-00007280: 7373 6172 792e 0a57 6865 6e20 646f 6e65 ssary..When done\n-00007290: 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 compile:.. \n-000072a0: 2e2f 626f 6f74 7374 7261 700a 2020 2020 ./bootstrap. \n-000072b0: 202e 2f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 202d 2d74 ./configure --t\n-000072c0: 6172 6765 743d 2463 7075 202d 2d77 6974 arget=$cpu --wit\n-000072d0: 682d 706c 6174 666f 726d 3d24 706c 6174 h-platform=$plat\n-000072e0: 666f 726d 2054 4152 4745 545f 4343 3d2e form TARGET_CC=.\n-000072f0: 2e20 4f42 4a43 4f50 593d 2e2e 2e20 5354 . OBJCOPY=... ST\n-00007300: 5249 503d 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 206d 616b RIP=.... mak\n-00007310: 6520 3e20 2f64 6576 2f6e 756c 6c0a 0a20 e > /dev/null.. \n-00007320: 2020 416e 6420 6372 6561 7465 2069 6d61 And create ima\n-00007330: 6765 0a0a 2020 2020 202e 2f67 7275 622d ge.. ./grub-\n-00007340: 6d6b 696d 6167 6520 2d64 2067 7275 622d mkimage -d grub-\n-00007350: 636f 7265 202d 4f20 2466 6f72 6d61 745f core -O $format_\n-00007360: 6964 202d 6f20 7465 7374 2e69 6d67 0a0a id -o test.img..\n-00007370: 2020 2041 6e64 2069 7427 7320 7469 6d65 And it's time\n-00007380: 2074 6f20 7465 7374 2079 6f75 7220 7465 to test your te\n-00007390: 7374 2e69 6d67 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2069 st.img... If i\n-000073a0: 7420 776f 726b 7320 6e65 7874 2073 7461 t works next sta\n-000073b0: 6765 2069 7320 746f 2068 6176 6520 6865 ge is to have he\n-000073c0: 6170 2c20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 616e 6420 ap, console and \n-000073d0: 7469 6d65 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6861 timer... To ha\n-000073e0: 7665 2074 6865 2068 6561 7020 776f 726b ve the heap work\n-000073f0: 696e 6720 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 ing you need to \n-00007400: 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 determine which \n-00007410: 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 7375 6974 regions are.suit\n-00007420: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2068 6561 7020 7573 able for heap us\n-00007430: 6167 652c 2061 6c6c 6f63 6174 6520 7468 age, allocate th\n-00007440: 656d 2066 726f 6d20 6669 726d 7761 7265 em from firmware\n-00007450: 2061 6e64 206d 6170 2028 6966 0a61 7070 and map (if.app\n-00007460: 6c69 6361 626c 6529 2e20 2054 6865 6e20 licable). Then \n-00007470: 6361 6c6c 2067 7275 625f 6d6d 5f69 6e69 call grub_mm_ini\n-00007480: 745f 7265 6769 6f6e 2028 766f 6973 202a t_region (vois *\n-00007490: 7374 6172 742c 2067 7275 625f 7369 7a65 start, grub_size\n-000074a0: 5f74 2073 290a 666f 7220 6576 6572 7920 _t s).for every \n-000074b0: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 7265 6769 6f6e 2e20 of this region. \n-000074c0: 2041 7320 6120 7368 6f72 7463 7574 2066 As a shortcut f\n-000074d0: 6f72 2065 6172 6c79 2070 6f72 7420 796f or early port yo\n-000074e0: 7520 6361 6e20 616c 6c6f 6361 7465 0a72 u can allocate.r\n-000074f0: 6967 6874 2061 6674 6572 205f 656e 6420 ight after _end \n-00007500: 6f72 2068 6176 6520 6120 6269 6720 7374 or have a big st\n-00007510: 6174 6963 2061 7272 6179 2066 6f72 2068 atic array for h\n-00007520: 6561 702e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 eap. If you do \n-00007530: 796f 7527 6c6c 0a70 726f 6261 626c 7920 you'll.probably \n-00007540: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 636f 6d65 2062 6163 need to come bac\n-00007550: 6b20 746f 2074 6869 7320 6c61 7465 722e k to this later.\n-00007560: 2020 4173 2066 6f72 206f 7574 7075 7420 As for output \n-00007570: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 796f 750a 7368 6f75 console you.shou\n-00007580: 6c64 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 2062 ld distinguish b\n-00007590: 6574 7765 656e 2061 6e20 6172 7261 7920 etween an array \n-000075a0: 6f66 2074 6578 742c 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 of text, terminf\n-000075b0: 6f20 6f72 2067 7261 7068 6963 732d 6261 o or graphics-ba\n-000075c0: 7365 640a 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 4d61 sed.console. Ma\n-000075d0: 6e79 206f 6620 7265 616c 2d77 6f72 6c64 ny of real-world\n-000075e0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 7320 646f 6e27 7420 examples don't \n-000075f0: 6669 7420 7065 7266 6563 746c 7920 696e fit perfectly in\n-00007600: 746f 2061 6e79 206f 660a 7468 6573 6520 to any of.these \n-00007610: 6361 7465 676f 7269 6573 2062 7574 206f categories but o\n-00007620: 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 6c73 ne of the models\n-00007630: 2069 7320 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 6265 is easier to be\n-00007640: 2075 7365 6420 6173 2062 6173 652e 2020 used as base. \n-00007650: 496e 0a73 6563 6f6e 6420 616e 6420 7468 In.second and th\n-00007660: 6972 6420 6361 7365 2079 6f75 2073 686f ird case you sho\n-00007670: 756c 6420 6164 6420 796f 7572 2070 6c61 uld add your pla\n-00007680: 7466 6f72 6d20 746f 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 tform to terminf\n-00007690: 6f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a 7265 7370 6563 7469 okernel.respecti\n-000076a0: 7665 6c79 2076 6964 656f 696e 6b65 726e vely videoinkern\n-000076b0: 656c 2067 726f 7570 2e20 2041 2067 6f6f el group. A goo\n-000076c0: 6420 6578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 2061 7272 d example of arr\n-000076d0: 6179 206f 6620 7465 7874 2069 730a 6933 ay of text is.i3\n-000076e0: 3836 2d70 6320 286b 6572 6e2f 6933 3836 86-pc (kern/i386\n-000076f0: 2f70 632f 696e 6974 2e63 2061 6e64 2074 /pc/init.c and t\n-00007700: 6572 6d2f 6933 3836 2f70 632f 636f 6e73 erm/i386/pc/cons\n-00007710: 6f6c 652e 6329 2e20 204f 6620 7465 726d ole.c). Of term\n-00007720: 696e 666f 0a69 7320 6965 6565 3132 3735 info.is ieee1275\n-00007730: 2028 6b65 726e 2f69 6565 6531 3237 352f (kern/ieee1275/\n-00007740: 696e 6974 2e63 2061 6e64 2074 6572 6d2f init.c and term/\n-00007750: 6965 6565 3132 3735 2f63 6f6e 736f 6c65 ieee1275/console\n-00007760: 2e63 292e 2020 4f66 0a76 6964 656f 2069 .c). Of.video i\n-00007770: 7320 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2028 6b65 726e s loongson (kern\n-00007780: 2f6d 6970 732f 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2f69 /mips/loongson/i\n-00007790: 6e69 742e 6329 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 nit.c). Note th\n-000077a0: 6174 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 6861 730a at terminfo has.\n-000077b0: 746f 2062 6520 696e 6974 6564 2069 6e20 to be inited in \n-000077c0: 3220 7374 6167 6573 3a20 6f6e 6520 6265 2 stages: one be\n-000077d0: 666f 7265 2028 746f 2067 6574 2061 7420 fore (to get at \n-000077e0: 6c65 6173 7420 7275 6469 6d65 6e74 6172 least rudimentar\n-000077f0: 790a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6173 2065 6172 y.console as ear\n-00007800: 6c79 2061 7320 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2920 ly as possible) \n-00007810: 616e 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6166 7465 and another afte\n-00007820: 7220 7468 6520 6865 6170 2028 746f 2067 r the heap (to g\n-00007830: 6574 0a66 756c 6c2d 6665 6174 7572 6564 et.full-featured\n-00007840: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 292e 2020 466f 7220 console). For \n-00007850: 7468 6520 696e 7075 7420 7468 6572 6520 the input there \n-00007860: 6172 6520 7374 7269 6e67 206f 6620 6b65 are string of ke\n-00007870: 7973 2c0a 7465 726d 696e 666f 2061 6e64 ys,.terminfo and\n-00007880: 2064 6972 6563 7420 6861 7264 7761 7265 direct hardware\n-00007890: 2e20 2046 6f72 2073 7472 696e 6720 6f66 . For string of\n-000078a0: 206b 6579 7320 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 6933 keys look at i3\n-000078b0: 3836 2d70 6320 2873 616d 650a 6669 6c65 86-pc (same.file\n-000078c0: 7329 2c20 666f 7220 7465 726d 696e 666f s), for terminfo\n-000078d0: 2069 6565 6531 3237 3520 2873 616d 6520 ieee1275 (same \n-000078e0: 6669 6c65 7329 2061 6e64 2066 6f72 2068 files) and for h\n-000078f0: 6172 6477 6172 6520 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e ardware loongson\n-00007900: 0a28 6b65 726e 2f6d 6970 732f 6c6f 6f6e .(kern/mips/loon\n-00007910: 6773 6f6e 2f69 6e69 742e 6320 616e 6420 gson/init.c and \n-00007920: 7465 726d 2f61 745f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 term/at_keyboard\n-00007930: 2e63 292e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2074 6865 .c)... For the\n-00007940: 2074 696d 6572 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 6e65 timer you'll ne\n-00007950: 6564 2074 6f20 6361 6c6c 2067 7275 625f ed to call grub_\n-00007960: 696e 7374 616c 6c5f 6765 745f 7469 6d65 install_get_time\n-00007970: 5f6d 7320 282e 2e2e 290a 7769 7468 2061 _ms (...).with a\n-00007980: 7320 736f 6c65 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 s sole argument \n-00007990: 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 7572 a function retur\n-000079a0: 6e69 6e67 2061 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 ning a grub_uint\n-000079b0: 3634 5f74 206f 6620 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 64_t of a number\n-000079c0: 0a6f 6620 6d69 6c6c 6973 6563 6f6e 6473 .of milliseconds\n-000079d0: 2065 6c61 7073 6564 2073 696e 6365 2061 elapsed since a\n-000079e0: 7262 6974 7261 7279 2070 6f69 6e74 2069 rbitrary point i\n-000079f0: 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 n the past... \n-00007a00: 4f6e 6365 2074 6865 7365 2073 7465 7073 Once these steps\n-00007a10: 2061 6363 6f6d 706c 6973 6865 6420 796f accomplished yo\n-00007a20: 7520 6361 6e20 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 u can remove the\n-00007a30: 2069 6e69 6669 6e69 7465 206c 6f6f 7020 inifinite loop \n-00007a40: 616e 640a 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 and.you should b\n-00007a50: 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6765 7420 746f e able to get to\n-00007a60: 2074 6865 206d 696e 696d 616c 2063 6f6e the minimal con\n-00007a70: 736f 6c65 2e20 204e 6578 7420 7374 6570 sole. Next step\n-00007a80: 2069 7320 746f 2068 6176 650a 6d6f 6475 is to have.modu\n-00007a90: 6c65 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2077 6f72 6b69 le loading worki\n-00007aa0: 6e67 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6869 7320 796f ng. For this yo\n-00007ab0: 7527 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f 2066 696c u'll need to fil\n-00007ac0: 6c20 6b65 726e 2f24 6370 752f 646c 2e63 l kern/$cpu/dl.c\n-00007ad0: 2061 6e64 0a6b 6572 6e2f 2463 7075 2f63 and.kern/$cpu/c\n-00007ae0: 6163 6865 2e53 2077 6974 6820 7265 616c ache.S with real\n-00007af0: 2068 616e 646c 696e 6720 6f66 2072 656c handling of rel\n-00007b00: 6f63 6174 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6573 ocations and res\n-00007b10: 7065 6374 6976 656c 7920 7468 650a 7265 pectively the.re\n-00007b20: 616c 2073 796e 6320 6f66 2049 2061 6e64 al sync of I and\n-00007b30: 2044 2063 6163 6865 732e 2020 416c 736f D caches. Also\n-00007b40: 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 you'll need to \n-00007b50: 6465 6369 6465 2077 6865 7265 2069 6e20 decide where in \n-00007b60: 7468 650a 696d 6167 6520 746f 2073 746f the.image to sto\n-00007b70: 7265 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 re the modules. \n-00007b80: 2055 7375 616c 2077 6179 2069 7320 746f Usual way is to\n-00007b90: 2068 6176 6520 6974 2063 6f6e 6361 7465 have it concate\n-00007ba0: 6e61 7465 6420 6174 2074 6865 0a65 6e64 nated at the.end\n-00007bb0: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 . In this case \n-00007bc0: 796f 7527 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d you'll need to m\n-00007bd0: 6f64 6966 7920 7374 6172 7475 702e 5320 odify startup.S \n-00007be0: 746f 2063 6f70 7920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 to copy modules \n-00007bf0: 6f75 740a 6f66 2062 7373 2074 6f20 6c65 out.of bss to le\n-00007c00: 7427 7320 7361 7920 414c 4947 4e5f 5550 t's say ALIGN_UP\n-00007c10: 2028 5f65 6e64 2c20 3829 2062 6566 6f72 (_end, 8) befor\n-00007c20: 6520 636c 6561 6e69 6e67 206f 7574 2062 e cleaning out b\n-00007c30: 7373 2e20 2059 6f75 276c 6c0a 7072 6f62 ss. You'll.prob\n-00007c40: 6162 6c79 2066 696e 6420 7573 6566 756c ably find useful\n-00007c50: 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 7461 6c5f 6d6f to add total_mo\n-00007c60: 6475 6c65 5f73 697a 6520 6669 656c 6420 dule_size field \n-00007c70: 746f 2073 7461 7274 7570 2e53 2e20 496e to startup.S. In\n-00007c80: 0a69 6e69 742e 6320 796f 7520 6e65 6564 .init.c you need\n-00007c90: 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6772 7562 5f6d 6f64 to set grub_mod\n-00007ca0: 6261 7365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6164 6472 base to the addr\n-00007cb0: 6573 7320 7768 6572 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 ess where module\n-00007cc0: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 0a66 6f75 6e64 2e20 s can be.found. \n-00007cd0: 2059 6f75 206d 6179 206e 6565 6420 6772 You may need gr\n-00007ce0: 7562 5f6d 6f64 756c 6573 5f67 6574 5f65 ub_modules_get_e\n-00007cf0: 6e64 2028 2920 746f 2061 766f 6964 2064 nd () to avoid d\n-00007d00: 6563 6c61 7269 6e67 2074 6865 0a73 7061 eclaring the.spa\n-00007d10: 6365 206f 6363 7570 6965 6420 6279 206d ce occupied by m\n-00007d20: 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7320 7573 6162 6c65 odules as usable\n-00007d30: 2066 6f72 2068 6561 702e 2020 596f 7520 for heap. You \n-00007d40: 6361 6e20 7465 7374 206d 6f64 756c 6573 can test modules\n-00007d50: 0a77 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 2020 202e 2f67 .with:.. ./g\n-00007d60: 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 6520 2d64 2067 rub-mkimage -d g\n-00007d70: 7275 622d 636f 7265 202d 4f20 2466 6f72 rub-core -O $for\n-00007d80: 6d61 745f 6964 202d 6f20 7465 7374 2e69 mat_id -o test.i\n-00007d90: 6d67 2068 656c 6c6f 0a0a 2020 2061 6e64 mg hello.. and\n-00007da0: 2074 6865 6e20 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 2268 then running \"h\n-00007db0: 656c 6c6f 2220 696e 2074 6865 2073 6865 ello\" in the she\n-00007dc0: 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 6365 2074 6869 ll... Once thi\n-00007dd0: 7320 776f 726b 732c 2079 6f75 2073 686f s works, you sho\n-00007de0: 756c 6420 7468 696e 6b20 6f66 2069 6d70 uld think of imp\n-00007df0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 696e 6720 6469 736b 2061 lementing disk a\n-00007e00: 6363 6573 732e 2020 4c6f 6f6b 0a61 726f ccess. Look.aro\n-00007e10: 756e 6420 6469 736b 2f20 666f 7220 6578 und disk/ for ex\n-00007e20: 616d 706c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 656e amples... Then\n-00007e30: 2c20 7665 7279 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 , very important\n-00007e40: 6c79 2c20 796f 7520 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 ly, you probably\n-00007e50: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 need to impleme\n-00007e60: 6e74 2074 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c0a 6c6f nt the actual.lo\n-00007e70: 6164 6572 2028 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 ader (examples a\n-00007e80: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 6c6f 6164 vailable in load\n-00007e90: 6572 2f29 0a0a 2020 204c 6173 7420 7374 er/).. Last st\n-00007ea0: 6570 2074 6f20 6861 7665 206d 696e 696d ep to have minim\n-00007eb0: 616c 6c79 2075 7361 626c 6520 706f 7274 ally usable port\n-00007ec0: 2069 7320 746f 2061 6464 2073 7570 706f is to add suppo\n-00007ed0: 7274 2074 6f0a 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 rt to.grub-insta\n-00007ee0: 6c6c 2074 6f20 7075 7420 4752 5542 2069 ll to put GRUB i\n-00007ef0: 6e20 6120 706c 6163 6520 7768 6572 6520 n a place where \n-00007f00: 6669 726d 7761 7265 206f 7220 706c 6174 firmware or plat\n-00007f10: 666f 726d 2077 696c 6c20 7069 636b 0a69 form will pick.i\n-00007f20: 7420 7570 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e65 7874 2073 t up... Next s\n-00007f30: 7465 7073 2061 7265 3a20 6669 6c6c 696e teps are: fillin\n-00007f40: 6720 6461 7465 7469 6d65 2e63 2c20 7365 g datetime.c, se\n-00007f50: 746a 6d70 2e53 2c20 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 tjmp.S, network \n-00007f60: 286e 6574 2f64 7269 7665 7273 292c 0a76 (net/drivers),.v\n-00007f70: 6964 656f 2028 7669 6465 6f2f 292c 2068 ideo (video/), h\n-00007f80: 616c 7420 286c 6962 2f29 2c20 7265 626f alt (lib/), rebo\n-00007f90: 6f74 2028 6c69 622f 292e 0a0a 2020 2050 ot (lib/)... P\n-00007fa0: 6c65 6173 6520 6164 6420 796f 7572 2070 lease add your p\n-00007fb0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 746f 2050 6c61 7466 latform to Platf\n-00007fc0: 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 orm limitations \n-00007fd0: 616e 6420 5375 7070 6f72 7465 640a 6b65 and Supported.ke\n-00007fe0: 726e 656c 7320 6368 6170 7465 7220 696e rnels chapter in\n-00007ff0: 2075 7365 7220 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 user documentat\n-00008000: 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6d65 6e74 696f 6e20 ion and mention \n-00008010: 616e 7920 7374 6570 7320 796f 7520 736b any steps you sk\n-00008020: 6970 7065 640a 7768 6963 6820 7265 7375 ipped.which resu\n-00008030: 6c74 2069 6e20 7265 6475 6365 6420 6665 lt in reduced fe\n-00008040: 6174 7572 6573 206f 7220 7065 7266 6f72 atures or perfor\n-00008050: 6d61 6e63 652e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 mance. Here is \n-00008060: 7468 6520 7175 6963 6b0a 6368 6563 6b6c the quick.checkl\n-00008070: 6973 7420 6f66 2066 6561 7475 7265 732e ist of features.\n-00008080: 2020 536f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 656d 2061 Some of them a\n-00008090: 7265 206c 6573 7320 696d 706f 7274 616e re less importan\n-000080a0: 7420 7468 616e 206f 7468 6572 7320 616e t than others an\n-000080b0: 640a 736b 6970 7069 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 d.skipping them \n-000080c0: 6973 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 656c 7920 6f6b is completely ok\n-000080d0: 2c20 6a75 7374 206e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 , just needs to \n-000080e0: 6265 206d 656e 7469 6f6e 6564 2069 6e20 be mentioned in \n-000080f0: 7573 6572 0a64 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 user.documentati\n-00008100: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6563 6b6c 6973 on... Checklis\n-00008110: 743a 0a20 2020 2a20 4973 2068 6561 7020 t:. * Is heap \n-00008120: 6269 6720 656e 6f75 6768 3f0a 2020 202a big enough?. *\n-00008130: 2057 6869 6368 2063 6861 7273 6574 2069 Which charset i\n-00008140: 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6279 2063 s supported by c\n-00008150: 6f6e 736f 6c65 3f0a 2020 202a 2044 6f65 onsole?. * Doe\n-00008160: 7320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2068 6176 6520 s platform have \n-00008170: 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 723f 0a20 2020 disk driver?. \n-00008180: 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6e65 * Do you have ne\n-00008190: 7477 6f72 6b20 6361 7264 2073 7570 706f twork card suppo\n-000081a0: 7274 3f0a 2020 202a 2041 7265 2079 6f75 rt?. * Are you\n-000081b0: 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 6574 7269 6576 able to retriev\n-000081c0: 6520 6461 7465 7469 6d65 2028 7769 7468 e datetime (with\n-000081d0: 2064 6174 6529 3f0a 2020 202a 2041 7265 date)?. * Are\n-000081e0: 2079 6f75 2061 626c 6520 746f 2073 6574 you able to set\n-000081f0: 2064 6174 6574 696d 6520 2877 6974 6820 datetime (with \n-00008200: 6461 7465 293f 0a20 2020 2a20 4973 2073 date)?. * Is s\n-00008210: 6572 6961 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7465 643f erial supported?\n-00008220: 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 2068 6176 . * Do you hav\n-00008230: 6520 6469 7265 6374 2064 6973 6b20 7375 e direct disk su\n-00008240: 7070 6f72 743f 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 2079 pport?. * Do y\n-00008250: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6469 7265 6374 206b ou have direct k\n-00008260: 6579 626f 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 743f eyboard support?\n-00008270: 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 2068 6176 . * Do you hav\n-00008280: 6520 5553 4220 7375 7070 6f72 743f 0a20 e USB support?. \n-00008290: 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 2073 7570 706f * Do you suppo\n-000082a0: 7274 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 6872 6f75 rt loading throu\n-000082b0: 6768 206e 6574 776f 726b 3f0a 2020 202a gh network?. *\n-000082c0: 2044 6f20 796f 7520 7375 7070 6f72 7420 Do you support \n-000082d0: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2064 6973 loading from dis\n-000082e0: 6b3f 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 2073 k?. * Do you s\n-000082f0: 7570 706f 7274 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 upport chainload\n-00008300: 696e 673f 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 ing?. * Do you\n-00008310: 2073 7570 706f 7274 206e 6574 776f 726b support network\n-00008320: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 673f 0a20 chainloading?. \n-00008330: 2020 2a20 446f 6573 2063 7075 6964 2063 * Does cpuid c\n-00008340: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 ommand supports \n-00008350: 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2061 6c6c 2043 5055 checking all CPU\n-00008360: 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 7468 6174 2074 features that t\n-00008370: 6865 2075 7365 720a 2020 2020 206d 6967 he user. mig\n-00008380: 6874 2077 616e 7420 636f 6e64 6974 696f ht want conditio\n-00008390: 6e61 6c69 7365 206f 6e20 2836 342d 6269 nalise on (64-bi\n-000083a0: 7420 6d6f 6465 2c20 6879 7065 7276 6973 t mode, hypervis\n-000083b0: 6f72 2c2e 2e2e 290a 2020 202a 2044 6f20 or,...). * Do \n-000083c0: 796f 7520 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6869 6e74 you support hint\n-000083d0: 733f 2020 486f 7720 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 s? How reliable\n-000083e0: 2061 7265 2074 6865 793f 0a20 2020 2a20 are they?. * \n-000083f0: 446f 6573 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6861 Does platform ha\n-00008400: 7665 2041 4350 493f 2049 6620 736f 2064 ve ACPI? If so d\n-00008410: 6f20 2261 6370 6922 2061 6e64 2022 6c73 o \"acpi\" and \"ls\n-00008420: 6163 7069 2220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 776f acpi\" modules wo\n-00008430: 726b 3f0a 2020 202a 2044 6f20 616e 7920 rk?. * Do any \n-00008440: 6f66 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 of platform-spec\n-00008450: 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 ific operations \n-00008460: 6d65 6e74 696f 6e65 6420 696e 2074 6865 mentioned in the\n-00008470: 2072 656c 6576 616e 740a 2020 2020 2073 relevant. s\n-00008480: 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7573 6572 206d ection of user m\n-00008490: 616e 7561 6c20 6d61 6b65 7320 7365 6e73 anual makes sens\n-000084a0: 6520 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 706c 6174 666f e on your platfo\n-000084b0: 726d 3f0a 2020 202a 2044 6f65 7320 796f rm?. * Does yo\n-000084c0: 7572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 7375 7070 ur platform supp\n-000084d0: 6f72 7420 5043 493f 2049 6620 736f 2069 ort PCI? If so i\n-000084e0: 7320 7468 6572 6520 616e 2061 7070 726f s there an appro\n-000084f0: 7072 6961 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6472 6976 priate. driv\n-00008500: 6572 2066 6f72 2047 5255 423f 0a20 2020 er for GRUB?. \n-00008510: 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 2073 7570 706f 7274 * Do you support\n-00008520: 2062 6164 7261 6d3f 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 badram?....File\n-00008530: 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c : grub-dev.info,\n-00008540: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4572 726f 7220 4861 Node: Error Ha\n-00008550: 6e64 6c69 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 ndling, Next: S\n-00008560: 7461 636b 2061 6e64 2068 6561 7020 7369 tack and heap si\n-00008570: 7a65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2050 6f72 7469 ze, Prev: Porti\n-00008580: 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3720 ng, Up: Top..7 \n-00008590: 4572 726f 7220 4861 6e64 6c69 6e67 0a2a Error Handling.*\n-000085a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-000085b0: 0a45 7272 6f72 2068 616e 646c 696e 6720 .Error handling \n-000085c0: 696e 2047 5255 4220 3220 6973 2062 6173 in GRUB 2 is bas\n-000085d0: 6564 206f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 ed on exception \n-000085e0: 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 206d 6f64 656c 2e20 handling model. \n-000085f0: 2041 7320 430a 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2064 As C.language d\n-00008600: 6f65 736e 2774 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 oesn't directly \n-00008610: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6578 6365 7074 696f support exceptio\n-00008620: 6e73 2c20 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 6861 ns, exception ha\n-00008630: 6e64 6c69 6e67 0a62 6568 6176 696f 7220 ndling.behavior \n-00008640: 6973 2065 6d75 6c61 7465 6420 696e 2073 is emulated in s\n-00008650: 6f66 7477 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 oftware... Whe\n-00008660: 6e20 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2072 n exception is r\n-00008670: 6169 7365 642c 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 aised, function \n-00008680: 6d75 7374 2072 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2063 must return to c\n-00008690: 616c 6c69 6e67 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2e alling function.\n-000086a0: 0a49 6620 6361 6c6c 696e 6720 6675 6e63 .If calling func\n-000086b0: 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 7072 tion does not pr\n-000086c0: 6f76 6964 6520 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 206f ovide handling o\n-000086d0: 6620 7468 6520 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 f the exception \n-000086e0: 6974 206d 7573 740a 7265 7475 726e 2062 it must.return b\n-000086f0: 6163 6b20 746f 2069 7473 2063 616c 6c69 ack to its calli\n-00008700: 6e67 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 616e 6420 ng function and \n-00008710: 736f 206f 6e2c 2075 6e74 696c 2065 7863 so on, until exc\n-00008720: 6570 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 6861 6e64 6c65 eption is.handle\n-00008730: 642e 2020 4966 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e d. If exception\n-00008740: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 6e64 6c65 6420 is not handled \n-00008750: 6265 666f 7265 2070 726f 6d70 7420 6973 before prompt is\n-00008760: 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2c20 6572 726f displayed, erro\n-00008770: 720a 6d65 7373 6167 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 r.message will b\n-00008780: 6520 7368 6f77 6e20 746f 2075 7365 722e e shown to user.\n-00008790: 0a0a 2020 2045 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2069 .. Exception i\n-000087a0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7374 nformation is st\n-000087b0: 6f72 6564 206f 6e20 2767 7275 625f 6572 ored on 'grub_er\n-000087c0: 726e 6f27 2067 6c6f 6261 6c20 7661 7269 rno' global vari\n-000087d0: 6162 6c65 2e20 2049 660a 2767 7275 625f able. If.'grub_\n-000087e0: 6572 726e 6f27 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 errno' variable \n-000087f0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2076 616c 7565 2027 contains value '\n-00008800: 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4527 2c20 GRUB_ERR_NONE', \n-00008810: 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 6163 7469 there is no acti\n-00008820: 7665 0a65 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 ve.exception and\n-00008830: 2061 7070 6c69 6361 7469 6f6e 2063 616e application can\n-00008840: 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 6520 6e6f 726d 616c continue normal\n-00008850: 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e 672e 2020 5768 processing. Wh\n-00008860: 656e 0a27 6772 7562 5f65 7272 6e6f 2720 en.'grub_errno' \n-00008870: 6861 7320 6f74 6865 7220 7661 6c75 652c has other value,\n-00008880: 2069 7420 6973 2072 6571 7569 7265 6420 it is required \n-00008890: 7468 6174 2061 7070 6c69 6361 7469 6f6e that application\n-000088a0: 2063 6f64 650a 6569 7468 6572 2068 616e code.either han\n-000088b0: 646c 6573 2074 6869 7320 6572 726f 7220 dles this error \n-000088c0: 6f72 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2069 6e73 7461 or returns insta\n-000088d0: 6e74 6c79 2074 6f20 6361 6c6c 6572 2e20 ntly to caller. \n-000088e0: 2049 6620 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 0a69 7320 If function.is \n-000088f0: 7769 7468 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7479 7065 with return type\n-00008900: 2027 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 2720 6973 'grub_err_t' is\n-00008910: 2061 626f 7574 2074 6f20 7265 7475 726e about to return\n-00008920: 2027 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4527 'GRUB_ERR_NONE'\n-00008930: 2c20 6974 0a73 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 , it.should not \n-00008940: 7365 7420 2767 7275 625f 6572 726e 6f27 set 'grub_errno'\n-00008950: 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2076 616c 7565 2e20 to that value. \n-00008960: 204f 6e6c 7920 7365 7420 2767 7275 625f Only set 'grub_\n-00008970: 6572 726e 6f27 2069 6e0a 6361 7365 7320 errno' in.cases \n-00008980: 7768 6572 6520 7468 6572 6520 6973 2065 where there is e\n-00008990: 7272 6f72 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 2e0a rror situation..\n-000089a0: 0a20 2020 5369 6d70 6c65 2065 7863 6570 . Simple excep\n-000089b0: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 7761 7264 6572 2e0a tion forwarder..\n-000089c0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 725f 740a grub_err_t.\n-000089d0: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 7761 7264 696e 675f forwarding_\n-000089e0: 6578 616d 706c 6520 2876 6f69 6429 0a20 example (void). \n-000089f0: 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 {. /* \n-00008a00: 4361 6c6c 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7468 Call function th\n-00008a10: 6174 206d 6967 6874 2063 6175 7365 2065 at might cause e\n-00008a20: 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 xception. */. \n-00008a30: 2020 2020 2066 6f6f 6261 7220 2829 3b0a foobar ();.\n-00008a40: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 204e 6f20 7370 . /* No sp\n-00008a50: 6563 6961 6c20 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 ecial exception \n-00008a60: 6861 6e64 6c65 722c 206a 7573 7420 666f handler, just fo\n-00008a70: 7277 6172 6420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2065 rward possible e\n-00008a80: 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 2a2f 0a20 xceptions. */. \n-00008a90: 2020 2020 2020 6966 2028 6772 7562 5f65 if (grub_e\n-00008aa0: 7272 6e6f 2021 3d20 4752 5542 5f45 5252 rrno != GRUB_ERR\n-00008ab0: 5f4e 4f4e 4529 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _NONE). \n-00008ac0: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6574 {. ret\n-00008ad0: 7572 6e20 6772 7562 5f65 7272 6e6f 3b0a urn grub_errno;.\n-00008ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 }.. \n-00008af0: 2020 202f 2a20 416c 6c20 6973 204f 4b2c /* All is OK,\n-00008b00: 2064 6f20 6d6f 7265 2070 726f 6365 7373 do more process\n-00008b10: 696e 672e 2020 2a2f 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 ing. */.. \n-00008b20: 202f 2a20 5265 7475 726e 204f 4b20 7369 /* Return OK si\n-00008b30: 676e 616c 2c20 746f 2063 616c 6c65 722e gnal, to caller.\n-00008b40: 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7265 7475 */. retu\n-00008b50: 726e 2047 5255 425f 4552 525f 4e4f 4e45 rn GRUB_ERR_NONE\n-00008b60: 3b0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2045 7272 ;. }.. Err\n-00008b70: 6f72 2072 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2068 6173 or reporting has\n-00008b80: 2074 776f 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 732c two components,\n-00008b90: 2074 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c20 6572 726f the actual erro\n-00008ba0: 7220 636f 6465 2028 6f66 2074 7970 650a r code (of type.\n-00008bb0: 2767 7275 625f 6572 725f 7427 2920 616e 'grub_err_t') an\n-00008bc0: 6420 7465 7874 7561 6c20 6d65 7373 6167 d textual messag\n-00008bd0: 6520 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 e that will be d\n-00008be0: 6973 706c 6179 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6572 isplayed to user\n-00008bf0: 2e20 204c 6973 740a 6f66 2076 616c 6964 . List.of valid\n-00008c00: 2065 7272 6f72 2063 6f64 6573 2069 7320 error codes is \n-00008c10: 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 6865 6164 6572 listed in header\n-00008c20: 2066 696c 6520 2769 6e63 6c75 6465 2f67 file 'include/g\n-00008c30: 7275 622f 6572 722e 6827 2e0a 5465 7874 rub/err.h'..Text\n-00008c40: 7561 6c20 6572 726f 7220 6d65 7373 6167 ual error messag\n-00008c50: 6520 6361 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 616e e can contain an\n-00008c60: 7920 7465 7874 7561 6c20 6461 7461 2e20 y textual data. \n-00008c70: 2041 7420 7469 6d65 206f 6620 7772 6974 At time of writ\n-00008c80: 696e 672c 0a65 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 ing,.error messa\n-00008c90: 6765 2063 616e 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2075 ge can contain u\n-00008ca0: 7020 746f 2032 3536 2063 6861 7261 6374 p to 256 charact\n-00008cb0: 6572 7320 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 ers (including t\n-00008cc0: 6572 6d69 6e61 7469 6e67 0a4e 554c 292e erminating.NUL).\n-00008cd0: 2054 6f20 6561 7365 2065 7272 6f72 2072 To ease error r\n-00008ce0: 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2074 6865 7265 2069 eporting there i\n-00008cf0: 7320 6120 6865 6c70 6572 2066 756e 6374 s a helper funct\n-00008d00: 696f 6e20 2767 7275 625f 6572 726f 7227 ion 'grub_error'\n-00008d10: 0a74 6861 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2065 6173 .that allows eas\n-00008d20: 6965 7220 666f 726d 6174 7469 6e67 206f ier formatting o\n-00008d30: 6620 6572 726f 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 f error messages\n-00008d40: 2061 6e64 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 and should be u\n-00008d50: 7365 640a 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2077 sed.instead of w\n-00008d60: 7269 7469 6e67 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 riting directly \n-00008d70: 746f 2067 6c6f 6261 6c20 7661 7269 6162 to global variab\n-00008d80: 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 les... Example\n-00008d90: 206f 6620 6572 726f 7220 7265 706f 7274 of error report\n-00008da0: 696e 672e 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 ing.. grub_e\n-00008db0: 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 6661 696c 696e rr_t. failin\n-00008dc0: 675f 6578 616d 706c 6520 2829 0a20 2020 g_example (). \n-00008dd0: 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 {. retur\n-00008de0: 6e20 6772 7562 5f65 7272 6f72 2028 4752 n grub_error (GR\n-00008df0: 5542 5f45 5252 5f46 494c 455f 4e4f 545f UB_ERR_FILE_NOT_\n-00008e00: 464f 554e 442c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 FOUND,. \n+00006a70: 2020 2020 2020 2022 6933 3836 5f6d 756c \"i386_mul\n+00006a80: 7469 626f 6f74 222c 2022 6933 3836 5f69 tiboot\", \"i386_i\n+00006a90: 6565 6531 3237 3522 2c20 2278 3836 5f36 eee1275\", \"x86_6\n+00006aa0: 345f 6566 6922 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 4_efi\",. \n+00006ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00006ac0: 226d 6970 735f 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 222c \"mips_loongson\",\n+00006ad0: 2022 7370 6172 6336 345f 6965 6565 3132 \"sparc64_ieee12\n+00006ae0: 3735 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 75\",. \n+00006af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 706f \"po\n+00006b00: 7765 7270 635f 6965 6565 3132 3735 222c werpc_ieee1275\",\n+00006b10: 2022 6d69 7073 5f61 7263 222c 2022 6961 \"mips_arc\", \"ia\n+00006b20: 3634 5f65 6669 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 64_efi\",. \n+00006b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00006b40: 2022 6d69 7073 5f71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 \"mips_qemu_mips\n+00006b50: 222c 2022 7333 3930 5f6d 6169 6e66 7261 \", \"s390_mainfra\n+00006b60: 6d65 2220 5d0a 0a20 2020 596f 7520 6d61 me\" ].. You ma\n+00006b70: 7920 616c 736f 2077 616e 7420 616c 7265 y also want alre\n+00006b80: 6164 7920 746f 2061 6464 206e 6577 2070 ady to add new p\n+00006b90: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 746f 206f 6e65 206f latform to one o\n+00006ba0: 7220 7365 7665 7261 6c20 6f66 0a61 7661 r several of.ava\n+00006bb0: 696c 6162 6c65 2067 726f 7570 732e 2020 ilable groups. \n+00006bc0: 496e 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 7765 In particular we\n+00006bd0: 2061 6c77 6179 7320 6861 7665 2061 2067 always have a g\n+00006be0: 726f 7570 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 4350 roup for each CP\n+00006bf0: 550a 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 6f6e 6c79 U.even when only\n+00006c00: 206f 6e65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 666f one platform fo\n+00006c10: 7220 6769 7665 6e20 4350 5520 6973 2061 r given CPU is a\n+00006c20: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 vailable... Th\n+00006c30: 656e 2063 6f6d 6573 2067 7275 622d 636f en comes grub-co\n+00006c40: 7265 2f4d 616b 6566 696c 652e 636f 7265 re/Makefile.core\n+00006c50: 2e64 6566 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 626c .def. In the bl\n+00006c60: 6f63 6b20 226b 6572 6e65 6c22 2079 6f75 ock \"kernel\" you\n+00006c70: 276c 6c0a 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6669 'll.need to defi\n+00006c80: 6e65 206c 6466 6c61 6773 2066 6f72 2079 ne ldflags for y\n+00006c90: 6f75 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 2028 2463 our platform ($c\n+00006ca0: 7075 5f24 706c 6174 666f 726d 5f6c 6466 pu_$platform_ldf\n+00006cb0: 6c61 6773 292e 2020 596f 750a 616c 736f lags). You.also\n+00006cc0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2064 6563 6c61 7265 need to declare\n+00006cd0: 2073 7461 7274 7570 2061 736d 2066 696c startup asm fil\n+00006ce0: 6520 2824 6370 755f 2470 6c61 7466 6f72 e ($cpu_$platfor\n+00006cf0: 6d5f 7374 6172 7475 7029 2061 7320 7765 m_startup) as we\n+00006d00: 6c6c 0a61 7320 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 ll.as any other \n+00006d10: 6669 6c65 7320 2865 2e67 2e20 2069 6e69 files (e.g. ini\n+00006d20: 742e 6320 616e 6420 6361 6c6c 7772 6170 t.c and callwrap\n+00006d30: 2e53 2920 2865 2e67 2e20 2024 6370 755f .S) (e.g. $cpu_\n+00006d40: 2470 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 3d0a 6b65 726e $platform =.kern\n+00006d50: 2f24 6370 752f 2470 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2f /$cpu/$platform/\n+00006d60: 696e 6974 2e63 292e 2020 4174 2074 6869 init.c). At thi\n+00006d70: 7320 7374 6167 6520 796f 7520 7769 6c6c s stage you will\n+00006d80: 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6164 also need to ad\n+00006d90: 640a 6475 6d6d 7920 646c 2e63 2061 6e64 d.dummy dl.c and\n+00006da0: 2063 6163 6865 2e53 2077 6974 6820 6675 cache.S with fu\n+00006db0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6772 7562 5f65 7272 nctions grub_err\n+00006dc0: 5f74 0a67 7275 625f 6172 6368 5f64 6c5f _t.grub_arch_dl_\n+00006dd0: 6368 6563 6b5f 6865 6164 6572 2028 766f check_header (vo\n+00006de0: 6964 202a 6568 6472 292c 2067 7275 625f id *ehdr), grub_\n+00006df0: 6572 725f 740a 6772 7562 5f61 7263 685f err_t.grub_arch_\n+00006e00: 646c 5f72 656c 6f63 6174 655f 7379 6d62 dl_relocate_symb\n+00006e10: 6f6c 7320 2867 7275 625f 646c 5f74 206d ols (grub_dl_t m\n+00006e20: 6f64 2c20 766f 6964 202a 6568 6472 2920 od, void *ehdr) \n+00006e30: 2864 6c2e 6329 2061 6e64 0a76 6f69 6420 (dl.c) and.void \n+00006e40: 6772 7562 5f61 7263 685f 7379 6e63 5f63 grub_arch_sync_c\n+00006e50: 6163 6865 7320 2876 6f69 6420 2a61 6464 aches (void *add\n+00006e60: 7265 7373 2c20 6772 7562 5f73 697a 655f ress, grub_size_\n+00006e70: 7420 6c65 6e29 2028 6361 6368 652e 5329 t len) (cache.S)\n+00006e80: 2e0a 5468 6579 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 ..They won't be \n+00006e90: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 206e 6f77 2e0a 0a20 used for now... \n+00006ea0: 2020 596f 7520 7769 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 You will need \n+00006eb0: 746f 2063 7265 6174 6520 6469 7265 6374 to create direct\n+00006ec0: 6f72 7920 696e 636c 7564 652f 2463 7075 ory include/$cpu\n+00006ed0: 2f24 706c 6174 666f 726d 2061 6e64 2061 /$platform and a\n+00006ee0: 2066 696c 650a 696e 636c 7564 652f 2463 file.include/$c\n+00006ef0: 7075 2f74 7970 6573 2e68 2e20 2054 6865 pu/types.h. The\n+00006f00: 206c 6174 6572 2066 6f6c 6f77 696e 6720 later folowing \n+00006f10: 7468 6973 2074 656d 706c 6174 653a 0a0a this template:..\n+00006f20: 2020 2020 2023 6966 6e64 6566 2047 5255 #ifndef GRU\n+00006f30: 425f 5459 5045 535f 4350 555f 4845 4144 B_TYPES_CPU_HEAD\n+00006f40: 4552 0a20 2020 2020 2364 6566 696e 6520 ER. #define \n+00006f50: 4752 5542 5f54 5950 4553 5f43 5055 5f48 GRUB_TYPES_CPU_H\n+00006f60: 4541 4445 5209 310a 0a20 2020 2020 2f2a EADER.1.. /*\n+00006f70: 2054 6865 2073 697a 6520 6f66 2076 6f69 The size of voi\n+00006f80: 6420 2a2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2364 d *. */. #d\n+00006f90: 6566 696e 6520 4752 5542 5f54 4152 4745 efine GRUB_TARGE\n+00006fa0: 545f 5349 5a45 4f46 5f56 4f49 445f 5009 T_SIZEOF_VOID_P.\n+00006fb0: 340a 0a20 2020 2020 2f2a 2054 6865 2073 4.. /* The s\n+00006fc0: 697a 6520 6f66 206c 6f6e 672e 2020 2a2f ize of long. */\n+00006fd0: 0a20 2020 2020 2364 6566 696e 6520 4752 . #define GR\n+00006fe0: 5542 5f54 4152 4745 545f 5349 5a45 4f46 UB_TARGET_SIZEOF\n+00006ff0: 5f4c 4f4e 4709 0934 0a0a 2020 2020 202f _LONG..4.. /\n+00007000: 2a20 6d79 6370 7520 6973 2062 6967 2d65 * mycpu is big-e\n+00007010: 6e64 6961 6e2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 ndian. */. \n+00007020: 2364 6566 696e 6520 4752 5542 5f54 4152 #define GRUB_TAR\n+00007030: 4745 545f 574f 5244 535f 4249 4745 4e44 GET_WORDS_BIGEND\n+00007040: 4941 4e09 310a 2020 2020 202f 2a20 416c IAN.1. /* Al\n+00007050: 7465 726e 6174 6976 656c 793a 206d 7963 ternatively: myc\n+00007060: 7075 2069 7320 6c69 7474 6c65 2d65 6e64 pu is little-end\n+00007070: 6961 6e2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2375 ian. */. #u\n+00007080: 6e64 6566 2047 5255 425f 5441 5247 4554 ndef GRUB_TARGET\n+00007090: 5f57 4f52 4453 5f42 4947 454e 4449 414e _WORDS_BIGENDIAN\n+000070a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 656e 6469 6620 2f2a .. #endif /*\n+000070b0: 2021 2047 5255 425f 5459 5045 535f 4350 ! GRUB_TYPES_CP\n+000070c0: 555f 4845 4144 4552 202a 2f0a 0a20 2020 U_HEADER */.. \n+000070d0: 596f 7520 7769 6c6c 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 You will also ne\n+000070e0: 6564 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6120 6475 6d6d ed to add a dumm\n+000070f0: 7920 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 6461 7465 7469 y file to dateti\n+00007100: 6d65 2061 6e64 2073 6574 6a6d 7020 6d6f me and setjmp mo\n+00007110: 6475 6c65 730a 746f 2061 766f 6964 2061 dules.to avoid a\n+00007120: 6e79 206f 6620 6974 2068 6176 696e 6720 ny of it having \n+00007130: 6e6f 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2049 7420 6361 no files. It ca\n+00007140: 6e20 6265 206a 7573 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 n be just comple\n+00007150: 7465 6c79 2065 6d70 7479 2061 740a 7468 tely empty at.th\n+00007160: 6973 2073 7461 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 596f is stage... Yo\n+00007170: 7527 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b u'll need to mak\n+00007180: 6520 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 2e63 e grub-mkimage.c\n+00007190: 2028 7574 696c 2f67 7275 625f 6d6b 696d (util/grub_mkim\n+000071a0: 6167 652e 6329 2061 7761 7265 206f 6620 age.c) aware of \n+000071b0: 7468 650a 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 6d61 the.needed forma\n+000071c0: 742e 2020 466f 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6f6d t. For most com\n+000071d0: 6d6f 6e6c 7920 7573 6564 2066 6f72 6d61 monly used forma\n+000071e0: 7473 206c 696b 6520 454c 462c 2050 452c ts like ELF, PE,\n+000071f0: 2061 6f75 7420 6f72 2072 6177 0a74 6865 aout or raw.the\n+00007200: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 616c 7265 support is alre\n+00007210: 6164 7920 7072 6573 656e 7420 616e 6420 ady present and \n+00007220: 796f 7527 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d you'll need to m\n+00007230: 616b 6520 6974 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7720 7468 ake it follow th\n+00007240: 650a 6578 6973 7461 6e74 2063 6f64 6520 e.existant code \n+00007250: 7061 7468 7320 666f 7220 796f 7572 2070 paths for your p\n+00007260: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6164 6469 6e67 2061 latform adding a\n+00007270: 646a 7573 746d 656e 7473 2069 6620 6e65 djustments if ne\n+00007280: 6365 7373 6172 792e 0a57 6865 6e20 646f cessary..When do\n+00007290: 6e65 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 ne compile:.. \n+000072a0: 2020 2e2f 626f 6f74 7374 7261 700a 2020 ./bootstrap. \n+000072b0: 2020 202e 2f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 202d ./configure -\n+000072c0: 2d74 6172 6765 743d 2463 7075 202d 2d77 -target=$cpu --w\n+000072d0: 6974 682d 706c 6174 666f 726d 3d24 706c ith-platform=$pl\n+000072e0: 6174 666f 726d 2054 4152 4745 545f 4343 atform TARGET_CC\n+000072f0: 3d2e 2e20 4f42 4a43 4f50 593d 2e2e 2e20 =.. OBJCOPY=... \n+00007300: 5354 5249 503d 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 206d STRIP=.... m\n+00007310: 616b 6520 3e20 2f64 6576 2f6e 756c 6c0a ake > /dev/null.\n+00007320: 0a20 2020 416e 6420 6372 6561 7465 2069 . And create i\n+00007330: 6d61 6765 0a0a 2020 2020 202e 2f67 7275 mage.. ./gru\n+00007340: 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 6520 2d64 2067 7275 b-mkimage -d gru\n+00007350: 622d 636f 7265 202d 4f20 2466 6f72 6d61 b-core -O $forma\n+00007360: 745f 6964 202d 6f20 7465 7374 2e69 6d67 t_id -o test.img\n+00007370: 0a0a 2020 2041 6e64 2069 7427 7320 7469 .. And it's ti\n+00007380: 6d65 2074 6f20 7465 7374 2079 6f75 7220 me to test your \n+00007390: 7465 7374 2e69 6d67 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 test.img... If\n+000073a0: 2069 7420 776f 726b 7320 6e65 7874 2073 it works next s\n+000073b0: 7461 6765 2069 7320 746f 2068 6176 6520 tage is to have \n+000073c0: 6865 6170 2c20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 616e heap, console an\n+000073d0: 6420 7469 6d65 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 d timer... To \n+000073e0: 6861 7665 2074 6865 2068 6561 7020 776f have the heap wo\n+000073f0: 726b 696e 6720 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 rking you need t\n+00007400: 6f20 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 o determine whic\n+00007410: 6820 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 7375 h regions are.su\n+00007420: 6974 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2068 6561 7020 itable for heap \n+00007430: 7573 6167 652c 2061 6c6c 6f63 6174 6520 usage, allocate \n+00007440: 7468 656d 2066 726f 6d20 6669 726d 7761 them from firmwa\n+00007450: 7265 2061 6e64 206d 6170 2028 6966 0a61 re and map (if.a\n+00007460: 7070 6c69 6361 626c 6529 2e20 2054 6865 pplicable). The\n+00007470: 6e20 6361 6c6c 2067 7275 625f 6d6d 5f69 n call grub_mm_i\n+00007480: 6e69 745f 7265 6769 6f6e 2028 766f 6973 nit_region (vois\n+00007490: 202a 7374 6172 742c 2067 7275 625f 7369 *start, grub_si\n+000074a0: 7a65 5f74 2073 290a 666f 7220 6576 6572 ze_t s).for ever\n+000074b0: 7920 6f66 2074 6869 7320 7265 6769 6f6e y of this region\n+000074c0: 2e20 2041 7320 6120 7368 6f72 7463 7574 . As a shortcut\n+000074d0: 2066 6f72 2065 6172 6c79 2070 6f72 7420 for early port \n+000074e0: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 616c 6c6f 6361 7465 you can allocate\n+000074f0: 0a72 6967 6874 2061 6674 6572 205f 656e .right after _en\n+00007500: 6420 6f72 2068 6176 6520 6120 6269 6720 d or have a big \n+00007510: 7374 6174 6963 2061 7272 6179 2066 6f72 static array for\n+00007520: 2068 6561 702e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2064 heap. If you d\n+00007530: 6f20 796f 7527 6c6c 0a70 726f 6261 626c o you'll.probabl\n+00007540: 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 636f 6d65 2062 y need to come b\n+00007550: 6163 6b20 746f 2074 6869 7320 6c61 7465 ack to this late\n+00007560: 722e 2020 4173 2066 6f72 206f 7574 7075 r. As for outpu\n+00007570: 7420 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 796f 750a 7368 t console you.sh\n+00007580: 6f75 6c64 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 ould distinguish\n+00007590: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2061 6e20 6172 7261 between an arra\n+000075a0: 7920 6f66 2074 6578 742c 2074 6572 6d69 y of text, termi\n+000075b0: 6e66 6f20 6f72 2067 7261 7068 6963 732d nfo or graphics-\n+000075c0: 6261 7365 640a 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 based.console. \n+000075d0: 4d61 6e79 206f 6620 7265 616c 2d77 6f72 Many of real-wor\n+000075e0: 6c64 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 7320 646f 6e27 ld examples don'\n+000075f0: 7420 6669 7420 7065 7266 6563 746c 7920 t fit perfectly \n+00007600: 696e 746f 2061 6e79 206f 660a 7468 6573 into any of.thes\n+00007610: 6520 6361 7465 676f 7269 6573 2062 7574 e categories but\n+00007620: 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 one of the mode\n+00007630: 6c73 2069 7320 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 ls is easier to \n+00007640: 6265 2075 7365 6420 6173 2062 6173 652e be used as base.\n+00007650: 2020 496e 0a73 6563 6f6e 6420 616e 6420 In.second and \n+00007660: 7468 6972 6420 6361 7365 2079 6f75 2073 third case you s\n+00007670: 686f 756c 6420 6164 6420 796f 7572 2070 hould add your p\n+00007680: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 746f 2074 6572 6d69 latform to termi\n+00007690: 6e66 6f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a 7265 7370 6563 nfokernel.respec\n+000076a0: 7469 7665 6c79 2076 6964 656f 696e 6b65 tively videoinke\n+000076b0: 726e 656c 2067 726f 7570 2e20 2041 2067 rnel group. A g\n+000076c0: 6f6f 6420 6578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 2061 ood example of a\n+000076d0: 7272 6179 206f 6620 7465 7874 2069 730a rray of text is.\n+000076e0: 6933 3836 2d70 6320 286b 6572 6e2f 6933 i386-pc (kern/i3\n+000076f0: 3836 2f70 632f 696e 6974 2e63 2061 6e64 86/pc/init.c and\n+00007700: 2074 6572 6d2f 6933 3836 2f70 632f 636f term/i386/pc/co\n+00007710: 6e73 6f6c 652e 6329 2e20 204f 6620 7465 nsole.c). Of te\n+00007720: 726d 696e 666f 0a69 7320 6965 6565 3132 rminfo.is ieee12\n+00007730: 3735 2028 6b65 726e 2f69 6565 6531 3237 75 (kern/ieee127\n+00007740: 352f 696e 6974 2e63 2061 6e64 2074 6572 5/init.c and ter\n+00007750: 6d2f 6965 6565 3132 3735 2f63 6f6e 736f m/ieee1275/conso\n+00007760: 6c65 2e63 292e 2020 4f66 0a76 6964 656f le.c). Of.video\n+00007770: 2069 7320 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2028 6b65 is loongson (ke\n+00007780: 726e 2f6d 6970 732f 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e rn/mips/loongson\n+00007790: 2f69 6e69 742e 6329 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 /init.c). Note \n+000077a0: 7468 6174 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 6861 that terminfo ha\n+000077b0: 730a 746f 2062 6520 696e 6974 6564 2069 s.to be inited i\n+000077c0: 6e20 3220 7374 6167 6573 3a20 6f6e 6520 n 2 stages: one \n+000077d0: 6265 666f 7265 2028 746f 2067 6574 2061 before (to get a\n+000077e0: 7420 6c65 6173 7420 7275 6469 6d65 6e74 t least rudiment\n+000077f0: 6172 790a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6173 2065 ary.console as e\n+00007800: 6172 6c79 2061 7320 706f 7373 6962 6c65 arly as possible\n+00007810: 2920 616e 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6166 ) and another af\n+00007820: 7465 7220 7468 6520 6865 6170 2028 746f ter the heap (to\n+00007830: 2067 6574 0a66 756c 6c2d 6665 6174 7572 get.full-featur\n+00007840: 6564 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 292e 2020 466f ed console). Fo\n+00007850: 7220 7468 6520 696e 7075 7420 7468 6572 r the input ther\n+00007860: 6520 6172 6520 7374 7269 6e67 206f 6620 e are string of \n+00007870: 6b65 7973 2c0a 7465 726d 696e 666f 2061 keys,.terminfo a\n+00007880: 6e64 2064 6972 6563 7420 6861 7264 7761 nd direct hardwa\n+00007890: 7265 2e20 2046 6f72 2073 7472 696e 6720 re. For string \n+000078a0: 6f66 206b 6579 7320 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 of keys look at \n+000078b0: 6933 3836 2d70 6320 2873 616d 650a 6669 i386-pc (same.fi\n+000078c0: 6c65 7329 2c20 666f 7220 7465 726d 696e les), for termin\n+000078d0: 666f 2069 6565 6531 3237 3520 2873 616d fo ieee1275 (sam\n+000078e0: 6520 6669 6c65 7329 2061 6e64 2066 6f72 e files) and for\n+000078f0: 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 6c6f 6f6e 6773 hardware loongs\n+00007900: 6f6e 0a28 6b65 726e 2f6d 6970 732f 6c6f on.(kern/mips/lo\n+00007910: 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2f69 6e69 742e 6320 616e ongson/init.c an\n+00007920: 6420 7465 726d 2f61 745f 6b65 7962 6f61 d term/at_keyboa\n+00007930: 7264 2e63 292e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2074 rd.c)... For t\n+00007940: 6865 2074 696d 6572 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 he timer you'll \n+00007950: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6361 6c6c 2067 7275 need to call gru\n+00007960: 625f 696e 7374 616c 6c5f 6765 745f 7469 b_install_get_ti\n+00007970: 6d65 5f6d 7320 282e 2e2e 290a 7769 7468 me_ms (...).with\n+00007980: 2061 7320 736f 6c65 2061 7267 756d 656e as sole argumen\n+00007990: 7420 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 t a function ret\n+000079a0: 7572 6e69 6e67 2061 2067 7275 625f 7569 urning a grub_ui\n+000079b0: 6e74 3634 5f74 206f 6620 6120 6e75 6d62 nt64_t of a numb\n+000079c0: 6572 0a6f 6620 6d69 6c6c 6973 6563 6f6e er.of millisecon\n+000079d0: 6473 2065 6c61 7073 6564 2073 696e 6365 ds elapsed since\n+000079e0: 2061 7262 6974 7261 7279 2070 6f69 6e74 arbitrary point\n+000079f0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7374 2e0a 0a20 in the past... \n+00007a00: 2020 4f6e 6365 2074 6865 7365 2073 7465 Once these ste\n+00007a10: 7073 2061 6363 6f6d 706c 6973 6865 6420 ps accomplished \n+00007a20: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 you can remove t\n+00007a30: 6865 2069 6e69 6669 6e69 7465 206c 6f6f he inifinite loo\n+00007a40: 7020 616e 640a 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 p and.you should\n+00007a50: 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6765 7420 be able to get \n+00007a60: 746f 2074 6865 206d 696e 696d 616c 2063 to the minimal c\n+00007a70: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2e20 204e 6578 7420 7374 onsole. Next st\n+00007a80: 6570 2069 7320 746f 2068 6176 650a 6d6f ep is to have.mo\n+00007a90: 6475 6c65 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2077 6f72 dule loading wor\n+00007aa0: 6b69 6e67 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6869 7320 king. For this \n+00007ab0: 796f 7527 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f 2066 you'll need to f\n+00007ac0: 696c 6c20 6b65 726e 2f24 6370 752f 646c ill kern/$cpu/dl\n+00007ad0: 2e63 2061 6e64 0a6b 6572 6e2f 2463 7075 .c and.kern/$cpu\n+00007ae0: 2f63 6163 6865 2e53 2077 6974 6820 7265 /cache.S with re\n+00007af0: 616c 2068 616e 646c 696e 6720 6f66 2072 al handling of r\n+00007b00: 656c 6f63 6174 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 elocations and r\n+00007b10: 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 7920 7468 650a espectively the.\n+00007b20: 7265 616c 2073 796e 6320 6f66 2049 2061 real sync of I a\n+00007b30: 6e64 2044 2063 6163 6865 732e 2020 416c nd D caches. Al\n+00007b40: 736f 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 6e65 6564 2074 so you'll need t\n+00007b50: 6f20 6465 6369 6465 2077 6865 7265 2069 o decide where i\n+00007b60: 6e20 7468 650a 696d 6167 6520 746f 2073 n the.image to s\n+00007b70: 746f 7265 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 tore the modules\n+00007b80: 2e20 2055 7375 616c 2077 6179 2069 7320 . Usual way is \n+00007b90: 746f 2068 6176 6520 6974 2063 6f6e 6361 to have it conca\n+00007ba0: 7465 6e61 7465 6420 6174 2074 6865 0a65 tenated at the.e\n+00007bb0: 6e64 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 nd. In this cas\n+00007bc0: 6520 796f 7527 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f e you'll need to\n+00007bd0: 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7374 6172 7475 702e modify startup.\n+00007be0: 5320 746f 2063 6f70 7920 6d6f 6475 6c65 S to copy module\n+00007bf0: 7320 6f75 740a 6f66 2062 7373 2074 6f20 s out.of bss to \n+00007c00: 6c65 7427 7320 7361 7920 414c 4947 4e5f let's say ALIGN_\n+00007c10: 5550 2028 5f65 6e64 2c20 3829 2062 6566 UP (_end, 8) bef\n+00007c20: 6f72 6520 636c 6561 6e69 6e67 206f 7574 ore cleaning out\n+00007c30: 2062 7373 2e20 2059 6f75 276c 6c0a 7072 bss. You'll.pr\n+00007c40: 6f62 6162 6c79 2066 696e 6420 7573 6566 obably find usef\n+00007c50: 756c 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 7461 6c5f ul to add total_\n+00007c60: 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f73 697a 6520 6669 656c module_size fiel\n+00007c70: 6420 746f 2073 7461 7274 7570 2e53 2e20 d to startup.S. \n+00007c80: 496e 0a69 6e69 742e 6320 796f 7520 6e65 In.init.c you ne\n+00007c90: 6564 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6772 7562 5f6d ed to set grub_m\n+00007ca0: 6f64 6261 7365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6164 odbase to the ad\n+00007cb0: 6472 6573 7320 7768 6572 6520 6d6f 6475 dress where modu\n+00007cc0: 6c65 7320 6361 6e20 6265 0a66 6f75 6e64 les can be.found\n+00007cd0: 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 6179 206e 6565 6420 . You may need \n+00007ce0: 6772 7562 5f6d 6f64 756c 6573 5f67 6574 grub_modules_get\n+00007cf0: 5f65 6e64 2028 2920 746f 2061 766f 6964 _end () to avoid\n+00007d00: 2064 6563 6c61 7269 6e67 2074 6865 0a73 declaring the.s\n+00007d10: 7061 6365 206f 6363 7570 6965 6420 6279 pace occupied by\n+00007d20: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7320 7573 6162 modules as usab\n+00007d30: 6c65 2066 6f72 2068 6561 702e 2020 596f le for heap. Yo\n+00007d40: 7520 6361 6e20 7465 7374 206d 6f64 756c u can test modul\n+00007d50: 6573 0a77 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 2020 202e es.with:.. .\n+00007d60: 2f67 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 6520 2d64 /grub-mkimage -d\n+00007d70: 2067 7275 622d 636f 7265 202d 4f20 2466 grub-core -O $f\n+00007d80: 6f72 6d61 745f 6964 202d 6f20 7465 7374 ormat_id -o test\n+00007d90: 2e69 6d67 2068 656c 6c6f 0a0a 2020 2061 .img hello.. a\n+00007da0: 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 nd then running \n+00007db0: 2268 656c 6c6f 2220 696e 2074 6865 2073 \"hello\" in the s\n+00007dc0: 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 6365 2074 hell... Once t\n+00007dd0: 6869 7320 776f 726b 732c 2079 6f75 2073 his works, you s\n+00007de0: 686f 756c 6420 7468 696e 6b20 6f66 2069 hould think of i\n+00007df0: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 696e 6720 6469 736b mplementing disk\n+00007e00: 2061 6363 6573 732e 2020 4c6f 6f6b 0a61 access. Look.a\n+00007e10: 726f 756e 6420 6469 736b 2f20 666f 7220 round disk/ for \n+00007e20: 6578 616d 706c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 examples... Th\n+00007e30: 656e 2c20 7665 7279 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 en, very importa\n+00007e40: 6e74 6c79 2c20 796f 7520 7072 6f62 6162 ntly, you probab\n+00007e50: 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 ly need to imple\n+00007e60: 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c0a ment the actual.\n+00007e70: 6c6f 6164 6572 2028 6578 616d 706c 6573 loader (examples\n+00007e80: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 6c6f available in lo\n+00007e90: 6164 6572 2f29 0a0a 2020 204c 6173 7420 ader/).. Last \n+00007ea0: 7374 6570 2074 6f20 6861 7665 206d 696e step to have min\n+00007eb0: 696d 616c 6c79 2075 7361 626c 6520 706f imally usable po\n+00007ec0: 7274 2069 7320 746f 2061 6464 2073 7570 rt is to add sup\n+00007ed0: 706f 7274 2074 6f0a 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 port to.grub-ins\n+00007ee0: 7461 6c6c 2074 6f20 7075 7420 4752 5542 tall to put GRUB\n+00007ef0: 2069 6e20 6120 706c 6163 6520 7768 6572 in a place wher\n+00007f00: 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 206f 7220 706c e firmware or pl\n+00007f10: 6174 666f 726d 2077 696c 6c20 7069 636b atform will pick\n+00007f20: 0a69 7420 7570 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e65 7874 .it up... Next\n+00007f30: 2073 7465 7073 2061 7265 3a20 6669 6c6c steps are: fill\n+00007f40: 696e 6720 6461 7465 7469 6d65 2e63 2c20 ing datetime.c, \n+00007f50: 7365 746a 6d70 2e53 2c20 6e65 7477 6f72 setjmp.S, networ\n+00007f60: 6b20 286e 6574 2f64 7269 7665 7273 292c k (net/drivers),\n+00007f70: 0a76 6964 656f 2028 7669 6465 6f2f 292c .video (video/),\n+00007f80: 2068 616c 7420 286c 6962 2f29 2c20 7265 halt (lib/), re\n+00007f90: 626f 6f74 2028 6c69 622f 292e 0a0a 2020 boot (lib/)... \n+00007fa0: 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6164 6420 796f 7572 Please add your\n+00007fb0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 746f 2050 6c61 platform to Pla\n+00007fc0: 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e tform limitation\n+00007fd0: 7320 616e 6420 5375 7070 6f72 7465 640a s and Supported.\n+00007fe0: 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6368 6170 7465 7220 kernels chapter \n+00007ff0: 696e 2075 7365 7220 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 in user document\n+00008000: 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6d65 6e74 696f ation and mentio\n+00008010: 6e20 616e 7920 7374 6570 7320 796f 7520 n any steps you \n+00008020: 736b 6970 7065 640a 7768 6963 6820 7265 skipped.which re\n+00008030: 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 7265 6475 6365 6420 sult in reduced \n+00008040: 6665 6174 7572 6573 206f 7220 7065 7266 features or perf\n+00008050: 6f72 6d61 6e63 652e 2020 4865 7265 2069 ormance. Here i\n+00008060: 7320 7468 6520 7175 6963 6b0a 6368 6563 s the quick.chec\n+00008070: 6b6c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 6561 7475 7265 klist of feature\n+00008080: 732e 2020 536f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 656d s. Some of them\n+00008090: 2061 7265 206c 6573 7320 696d 706f 7274 are less import\n+000080a0: 616e 7420 7468 616e 206f 7468 6572 7320 ant than others \n+000080b0: 616e 640a 736b 6970 7069 6e67 2074 6865 and.skipping the\n+000080c0: 6d20 6973 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 656c 7920 m is completely \n+000080d0: 6f6b 2c20 6a75 7374 206e 6565 6473 2074 ok, just needs t\n+000080e0: 6f20 6265 206d 656e 7469 6f6e 6564 2069 o be mentioned i\n+000080f0: 6e20 7573 6572 0a64 6f63 756d 656e 7461 n user.documenta\n+00008100: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6563 6b6c tion... Checkl\n+00008110: 6973 743a 0a20 2020 2a20 4973 2068 6561 ist:. * Is hea\n+00008120: 7020 6269 6720 656e 6f75 6768 3f0a 2020 p big enough?. \n+00008130: 202a 2057 6869 6368 2063 6861 7273 6574 * Which charset\n+00008140: 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6279 is supported by\n+00008150: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 3f0a 2020 202a 2044 console?. * D\n+00008160: 6f65 7320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2068 6176 oes platform hav\n+00008170: 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 723f 0a20 e disk driver?. \n+00008180: 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 * Do you have \n+00008190: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6361 7264 2073 7570 network card sup\n+000081a0: 706f 7274 3f0a 2020 202a 2041 7265 2079 port?. * Are y\n+000081b0: 6f75 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 6574 7269 ou able to retri\n+000081c0: 6576 6520 6461 7465 7469 6d65 2028 7769 eve datetime (wi\n+000081d0: 7468 2064 6174 6529 3f0a 2020 202a 2041 th date)?. * A\n+000081e0: 7265 2079 6f75 2061 626c 6520 746f 2073 re you able to s\n+000081f0: 6574 2064 6174 6574 696d 6520 2877 6974 et datetime (wit\n+00008200: 6820 6461 7465 293f 0a20 2020 2a20 4973 h date)?. * Is\n+00008210: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7465 serial supporte\n+00008220: 643f 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 2068 d?. * Do you h\n+00008230: 6176 6520 6469 7265 6374 2064 6973 6b20 ave direct disk \n+00008240: 7375 7070 6f72 743f 0a20 2020 2a20 446f support?. * Do\n+00008250: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6469 7265 6374 you have direct\n+00008260: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 keyboard suppor\n+00008270: 743f 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 2068 t?. * Do you h\n+00008280: 6176 6520 5553 4220 7375 7070 6f72 743f ave USB support?\n+00008290: 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 2073 7570 . * Do you sup\n+000082a0: 706f 7274 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 6872 port loading thr\n+000082b0: 6f75 6768 206e 6574 776f 726b 3f0a 2020 ough network?. \n+000082c0: 202a 2044 6f20 796f 7520 7375 7070 6f72 * Do you suppor\n+000082d0: 7420 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2064 t loading from d\n+000082e0: 6973 6b3f 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 isk?. * Do you\n+000082f0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2063 6861 696e 6c6f support chainlo\n+00008300: 6164 696e 673f 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 2079 ading?. * Do y\n+00008310: 6f75 2073 7570 706f 7274 206e 6574 776f ou support netwo\n+00008320: 726b 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 673f rk chainloading?\n+00008330: 0a20 2020 2a20 446f 6573 2063 7075 6964 . * Does cpuid\n+00008340: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 7570 706f 7274 command support\n+00008350: 7320 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2061 6c6c 2043 s checking all C\n+00008360: 5055 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 7468 6174 PU features that\n+00008370: 2074 6865 2075 7365 720a 2020 2020 206d the user. m\n+00008380: 6967 6874 2077 616e 7420 636f 6e64 6974 ight want condit\n+00008390: 696f 6e61 6c69 7365 206f 6e20 2836 342d ionalise on (64-\n+000083a0: 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 2c20 6879 7065 7276 bit mode, hyperv\n+000083b0: 6973 6f72 2c2e 2e2e 290a 2020 202a 2044 isor,...). * D\n+000083c0: 6f20 796f 7520 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6869 o you support hi\n+000083d0: 6e74 733f 2020 486f 7720 7265 6c69 6162 nts? How reliab\n+000083e0: 6c65 2061 7265 2074 6865 793f 0a20 2020 le are they?. \n+000083f0: 2a20 446f 6573 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 * Does platform \n+00008400: 6861 7665 2041 4350 493f 2049 6620 736f have ACPI? If so\n+00008410: 2064 6f20 2261 6370 6922 2061 6e64 2022 do \"acpi\" and \"\n+00008420: 6c73 6163 7069 2220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 lsacpi\" modules \n+00008430: 776f 726b 3f0a 2020 202a 2044 6f20 616e work?. * Do an\n+00008440: 7920 6f66 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 y of platform-sp\n+00008450: 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e ecific operation\n+00008460: 7320 6d65 6e74 696f 6e65 6420 696e 2074 s mentioned in t\n+00008470: 6865 2072 656c 6576 616e 740a 2020 2020 he relevant. \n+00008480: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7573 6572 section of user\n+00008490: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6d61 6b65 7320 7365 manual makes se\n+000084a0: 6e73 6520 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 706c 6174 nse on your plat\n+000084b0: 666f 726d 3f0a 2020 202a 2044 6f65 7320 form?. * Does \n+000084c0: 796f 7572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 7375 your platform su\n+000084d0: 7070 6f72 7420 5043 493f 2049 6620 736f pport PCI? If so\n+000084e0: 2069 7320 7468 6572 6520 616e 2061 7070 is there an app\n+000084f0: 726f 7072 6961 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6472 ropriate. dr\n+00008500: 6976 6572 2066 6f72 2047 5255 423f 0a20 iver for GRUB?. \n+00008510: 2020 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 2073 7570 706f * Do you suppo\n+00008520: 7274 2062 6164 7261 6d3f 0a0a 1f0a 4669 rt badram?....Fi\n+00008530: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 le: grub-dev.inf\n+00008540: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4572 726f 7220 o, Node: Error \n+00008550: 4861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a Handling, Next:\n+00008560: 2053 7461 636b 2061 6e64 2068 6561 7020 Stack and heap \n+00008570: 7369 7a65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2050 6f72 size, Prev: Por\n+00008580: 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a ting, Up: Top..\n+00008590: 3720 4572 726f 7220 4861 6e64 6c69 6e67 7 Error Handling\n+000085a0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n+000085b0: 2a0a 0a45 7272 6f72 2068 616e 646c 696e *..Error handlin\n+000085c0: 6720 696e 2047 5255 4220 3220 6973 2062 g in GRUB 2 is b\n+000085d0: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 696f ased on exceptio\n+000085e0: 6e20 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 206d 6f64 656c n handling model\n+000085f0: 2e20 2041 7320 430a 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 . As C.language\n+00008600: 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2064 6972 6563 746c doesn't directl\n+00008610: 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6578 6365 7074 y support except\n+00008620: 696f 6e73 2c20 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 ions, exception \n+00008630: 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 0a62 6568 6176 696f handling.behavio\n+00008640: 7220 6973 2065 6d75 6c61 7465 6420 696e r is emulated in\n+00008650: 2073 6f66 7477 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 2057 software... W\n+00008660: 6865 6e20 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 6973 hen exception is\n+00008670: 2072 6169 7365 642c 2066 756e 6374 696f raised, functio\n+00008680: 6e20 6d75 7374 2072 6574 7572 6e20 746f n must return to\n+00008690: 2063 616c 6c69 6e67 2066 756e 6374 696f calling functio\n+000086a0: 6e2e 0a49 6620 6361 6c6c 696e 6720 6675 n..If calling fu\n+000086b0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 nction does not \n+000086c0: 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 provide handling\n+000086d0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6578 6365 7074 696f of the exceptio\n+000086e0: 6e20 6974 206d 7573 740a 7265 7475 726e n it must.return\n+000086f0: 2062 6163 6b20 746f 2069 7473 2063 616c back to its cal\n+00008700: 6c69 6e67 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 616e ling function an\n+00008710: 6420 736f 206f 6e2c 2075 6e74 696c 2065 d so on, until e\n+00008720: 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 6861 6e64 xception is.hand\n+00008730: 6c65 642e 2020 4966 2065 7863 6570 7469 led. If excepti\n+00008740: 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 6e64 6c65 on is not handle\n+00008750: 6420 6265 666f 7265 2070 726f 6d70 7420 d before prompt \n+00008760: 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2c20 6572 is displayed, er\n+00008770: 726f 720a 6d65 7373 6167 6520 7769 6c6c ror.message will\n+00008780: 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e20 746f 2075 7365 be shown to use\n+00008790: 722e 0a0a 2020 2045 7863 6570 7469 6f6e r... Exception\n+000087a0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 information is \n+000087b0: 7374 6f72 6564 206f 6e20 2767 7275 625f stored on 'grub_\n+000087c0: 6572 726e 6f27 2067 6c6f 6261 6c20 7661 errno' global va\n+000087d0: 7269 6162 6c65 2e20 2049 660a 2767 7275 riable. If.'gru\n+000087e0: 625f 6572 726e 6f27 2076 6172 6961 626c b_errno' variabl\n+000087f0: 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2076 616c 7565 e contains value\n+00008800: 2027 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4527 'GRUB_ERR_NONE'\n+00008810: 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 6163 , there is no ac\n+00008820: 7469 7665 0a65 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2061 tive.exception a\n+00008830: 6e64 2061 7070 6c69 6361 7469 6f6e 2063 nd application c\n+00008840: 616e 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 6520 6e6f 726d an continue norm\n+00008850: 616c 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e 672e 2020 al processing. \n+00008860: 5768 656e 0a27 6772 7562 5f65 7272 6e6f When.'grub_errno\n+00008870: 2720 6861 7320 6f74 6865 7220 7661 6c75 ' has other valu\n+00008880: 652c 2069 7420 6973 2072 6571 7569 7265 e, it is require\n+00008890: 6420 7468 6174 2061 7070 6c69 6361 7469 d that applicati\n+000088a0: 6f6e 2063 6f64 650a 6569 7468 6572 2068 on code.either h\n+000088b0: 616e 646c 6573 2074 6869 7320 6572 726f andles this erro\n+000088c0: 7220 6f72 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2069 6e73 r or returns ins\n+000088d0: 7461 6e74 6c79 2074 6f20 6361 6c6c 6572 tantly to caller\n+000088e0: 2e20 2049 6620 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 0a69 . If function.i\n+000088f0: 7320 7769 7468 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7479 s with return ty\n+00008900: 7065 2027 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 2720 pe 'grub_err_t' \n+00008910: 6973 2061 626f 7574 2074 6f20 7265 7475 is about to retu\n+00008920: 726e 2027 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e rn 'GRUB_ERR_NON\n+00008930: 4527 2c20 6974 0a73 686f 756c 6420 6e6f E', it.should no\n+00008940: 7420 7365 7420 2767 7275 625f 6572 726e t set 'grub_errn\n+00008950: 6f27 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2076 616c 7565 o' to that value\n+00008960: 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 7365 7420 2767 7275 . Only set 'gru\n+00008970: 625f 6572 726e 6f27 2069 6e0a 6361 7365 b_errno' in.case\n+00008980: 7320 7768 6572 6520 7468 6572 6520 6973 s where there is\n+00008990: 2065 7272 6f72 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e error situation\n+000089a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5369 6d70 6c65 2065 7863 ... Simple exc\n+000089b0: 6570 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 7761 7264 6572 eption forwarder\n+000089c0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 725f .. grub_err_\n+000089d0: 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 7761 7264 696e t. forwardin\n+000089e0: 675f 6578 616d 706c 6520 2876 6f69 6429 g_example (void)\n+000089f0: 0a20 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 202f . {. /\n+00008a00: 2a20 4361 6c6c 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 * Call function \n+00008a10: 7468 6174 206d 6967 6874 2063 6175 7365 that might cause\n+00008a20: 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2e20 202a 2f0a exception. */.\n+00008a30: 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f6f 6261 7220 2829 foobar ()\n+00008a40: 3b0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 204e 6f20 ;.. /* No \n+00008a50: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6578 6365 7074 696f special exceptio\n+00008a60: 6e20 6861 6e64 6c65 722c 206a 7573 7420 n handler, just \n+00008a70: 666f 7277 6172 6420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 forward possible\n+00008a80: 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 2a2f exceptions. */\n+00008a90: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6966 2028 6772 7562 . if (grub\n+00008aa0: 5f65 7272 6e6f 2021 3d20 4752 5542 5f45 _errno != GRUB_E\n+00008ab0: 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4529 0a20 2020 2020 2020 RR_NONE). \n+00008ac0: 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 {. r\n+00008ad0: 6574 7572 6e20 6772 7562 5f65 7272 6e6f eturn grub_errno\n+00008ae0: 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 ;. }.. \n+00008af0: 2020 2020 202f 2a20 416c 6c20 6973 204f /* All is O\n+00008b00: 4b2c 2064 6f20 6d6f 7265 2070 726f 6365 K, do more proce\n+00008b10: 7373 696e 672e 2020 2a2f 0a0a 2020 2020 ssing. */.. \n+00008b20: 2020 202f 2a20 5265 7475 726e 204f 4b20 /* Return OK \n+00008b30: 7369 676e 616c 2c20 746f 2063 616c 6c65 signal, to calle\n+00008b40: 722e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7265 r. */. re\n+00008b50: 7475 726e 2047 5255 425f 4552 525f 4e4f turn GRUB_ERR_NO\n+00008b60: 4e45 3b0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2045 NE;. }.. E\n+00008b70: 7272 6f72 2072 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2068 rror reporting h\n+00008b80: 6173 2074 776f 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 as two component\n+00008b90: 732c 2074 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c20 6572 s, the actual er\n+00008ba0: 726f 7220 636f 6465 2028 6f66 2074 7970 ror code (of typ\n+00008bb0: 650a 2767 7275 625f 6572 725f 7427 2920 e.'grub_err_t') \n+00008bc0: 616e 6420 7465 7874 7561 6c20 6d65 7373 and textual mess\n+00008bd0: 6167 6520 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 6265 age that will be\n+00008be0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2074 6f20 7573 displayed to us\n+00008bf0: 6572 2e20 204c 6973 740a 6f66 2076 616c er. List.of val\n+00008c00: 6964 2065 7272 6f72 2063 6f64 6573 2069 id error codes i\n+00008c10: 7320 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 6865 6164 s listed in head\n+00008c20: 6572 2066 696c 6520 2769 6e63 6c75 6465 er file 'include\n+00008c30: 2f67 7275 622f 6572 722e 6827 2e0a 5465 /grub/err.h'..Te\n+00008c40: 7874 7561 6c20 6572 726f 7220 6d65 7373 xtual error mess\n+00008c50: 6167 6520 6361 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 age can contain \n+00008c60: 616e 7920 7465 7874 7561 6c20 6461 7461 any textual data\n+00008c70: 2e20 2041 7420 7469 6d65 206f 6620 7772 . At time of wr\n+00008c80: 6974 696e 672c 0a65 7272 6f72 206d 6573 iting,.error mes\n+00008c90: 7361 6765 2063 616e 2063 6f6e 7461 696e sage can contain\n+00008ca0: 2075 7020 746f 2032 3536 2063 6861 7261 up to 256 chara\n+00008cb0: 6374 6572 7320 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 cters (including\n+00008cc0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7469 6e67 0a4e 554c terminating.NUL\n+00008cd0: 292e 2054 6f20 6561 7365 2065 7272 6f72 ). To ease error\n+00008ce0: 2072 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2074 6865 7265 reporting there\n+00008cf0: 2069 7320 6120 6865 6c70 6572 2066 756e is a helper fun\n+00008d00: 6374 696f 6e20 2767 7275 625f 6572 726f ction 'grub_erro\n+00008d10: 7227 0a74 6861 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2065 r'.that allows e\n+00008d20: 6173 6965 7220 666f 726d 6174 7469 6e67 asier formatting\n+00008d30: 206f 6620 6572 726f 7220 6d65 7373 6167 of error messag\n+00008d40: 6573 2061 6e64 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 es and should be\n+00008d50: 2075 7365 640a 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 used.instead of\n+00008d60: 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2064 6972 6563 746c writing directl\n+00008d70: 7920 746f 2067 6c6f 6261 6c20 7661 7269 y to global vari\n+00008d80: 6162 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2045 7861 6d70 ables... Examp\n+00008d90: 6c65 206f 6620 6572 726f 7220 7265 706f le of error repo\n+00008da0: 7274 696e 672e 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 rting.. grub\n+00008db0: 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 6661 696c _err_t. fail\n+00008dc0: 696e 675f 6578 616d 706c 6520 2829 0a20 ing_example (). \n+00008dd0: 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2072 6574 {. ret\n+00008de0: 7572 6e20 6772 7562 5f65 7272 6f72 2028 urn grub_error (\n+00008df0: 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f46 494c 455f 4e4f GRUB_ERR_FILE_NO\n+00008e00: 545f 464f 554e 442c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 T_FOUND,. \n 00008e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00008e20: 2022 4661 696c 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6164 \"Failed to read\n-00008e30: 2025 732c 2074 7269 6564 2025 6420 7469 %s, tried %d ti\n-00008e40: 6d65 732e 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 mes.\",. \n+00008e20: 2020 2022 4661 696c 6564 2074 6f20 7265 \"Failed to re\n+00008e30: 6164 2025 732c 2074 7269 6564 2025 6420 ad %s, tried %d \n+00008e40: 7469 6d65 732e 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 times.\",. \n 00008e50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00008e60: 2022 7465 7374 2e74 7874 222c 0a20 2020 \"test.txt\",. \n+00008e60: 2020 2022 7465 7374 2e74 7874 222c 0a20 \"test.txt\",. \n 00008e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00008e80: 2020 2020 2020 2031 3029 3b0a 2020 2020 10);. \n-00008e90: 207d 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 }.. If there \n-00008ea0: 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2072 6561 is a special rea\n-00008eb0: 736f 6e20 7468 6174 2065 7272 6f72 2063 son that error c\n-00008ec0: 6f64 6520 646f 6573 206e 6f74 206e 6565 ode does not nee\n-00008ed0: 6420 746f 2062 650a 7461 6b65 6e20 6163 d to be.taken ac\n-00008ee0: 636f 756e 742c 2027 6772 7562 5f65 7272 count, 'grub_err\n-00008ef0: 6e6f 2720 6361 6e20 6265 207a 6572 6f65 no' can be zeroe\n-00008f00: 6420 6261 636b 2074 6f20 2747 5255 425f d back to 'GRUB_\n-00008f10: 4552 525f 4e4f 4e45 272e 2020 496e 0a63 ERR_NONE'. In.c\n-00008f20: 6173 6573 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 2061 ases like this a\n-00008f30: 6c6c 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 6572 726f ll previous erro\n-00008f40: 7220 636f 6465 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2068 r codes should h\n-00008f50: 6176 6520 6265 656e 2068 616e 646c 6564 ave been handled\n-00008f60: 0a63 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 .correctly. Thi\n-00008f70: 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 7375 7265 2074 6861 s makes sure tha\n-00008f80: 7420 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6e6f 2075 t there are no u\n-00008f90: 6e68 616e 646c 6564 2065 7863 6570 7469 nhandled excepti\n-00008fa0: 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 ons... Example\n-00008fb0: 206f 6620 7a65 726f 696e 6720 2767 7275 of zeroing 'gru\n-00008fc0: 625f 6572 726e 6f27 2e0a 2020 2020 2067 b_errno'.. g\n-00008fd0: 7275 625f 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 2070 rub_err_t. p\n-00008fe0: 726f 6265 5f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2028 290a robe_example ().\n-00008ff0: 2020 2020 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2f2a {. /*\n-00009000: 2054 7279 2074 6f20 7072 6f62 6520 6465 Try to probe de\n-00009010: 7669 6365 2074 7970 6520 312e 2020 2a2f vice type 1. */\n-00009020: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f62 655f 666f . probe_fo\n-00009030: 725f 6465 7669 6365 2028 293b 0a20 2020 r_device ();. \n-00009040: 2020 2020 6966 2028 6772 7562 5f65 7272 if (grub_err\n-00009050: 6e6f 203d 3d20 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e no == GRUB_ERR_N\n-00009060: 4f4e 4529 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7b0a ONE). {.\n-00009070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 4465 /* De\n-00009080: 7669 6365 2074 7970 6520 3120 7761 7320 vice type 1 was \n-00009090: 666f 756e 6420 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 6d2e found on system.\n-000090a0: 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 */. \n-000090b0: 7265 6769 7374 6572 5f64 6576 6963 6520 register_device \n-000090c0: 2829 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 ();. r\n-000090d0: 6574 7572 6e20 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e eturn GRUB_ERR_N\n-000090e0: 4f4e 453b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7d0a ONE;. }.\n-000090f0: 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 5a65 726f 206f /* Zero o\n-00009100: 7574 2065 7272 6f72 2063 6f64 652e 2020 ut error code. \n-00009110: 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 */. grub_e\n-00009120: 7272 6e6f 203d 2047 5255 425f 4552 525f rrno = GRUB_ERR_\n-00009130: 4e4f 4e45 3b0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2f2a NONE;.. /*\n-00009140: 204e 6f20 6465 7669 6365 2074 7970 6520 No device type \n-00009150: 3120 666f 756e 642c 2074 7279 2074 6f20 1 found, try to \n-00009160: 7072 6f62 6520 6465 7669 6365 2074 7970 probe device typ\n-00009170: 6520 322e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e 2. */. \n-00009180: 7072 6f62 655f 666f 725f 6465 7669 6365 probe_for_device\n-00009190: 3220 2829 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2069 6620 2 ();. if \n-000091a0: 2867 7275 625f 6572 726e 6f20 3d3d 2047 (grub_errno == G\n-000091b0: 5255 425f 4552 525f 4e4f 4e45 290a 2020 RUB_ERR_NONE). \n-000091c0: 2020 2020 2020 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 {. \n-000091d0: 2020 2020 2f2a 2044 6576 6963 6520 7479 /* Device ty\n-000091e0: 7065 2032 2077 6173 2066 6f75 6e64 206f pe 2 was found o\n-000091f0: 6e20 7379 7374 656d 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 n system. */. \n-00009200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6567 6973 7465 registe\n-00009210: 725f 6465 7669 6365 3220 2829 3b0a 2020 r_device2 ();. \n-00009220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e20 return \n-00009230: 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 453b 0a20 GRUB_ERR_NONE;. \n-00009240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7d0a 2020 2020 2020 }. \n-00009250: 202f 2a20 5a65 726f 206f 7574 2065 7272 /* Zero out err\n-00009260: 6f72 2063 6f64 652e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 or code. */. \n-00009270: 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 6e6f 203d grub_errno =\n-00009280: 2047 5255 425f 4552 525f 4e4f 4e45 3b0a GRUB_ERR_NONE;.\n-00009290: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2052 6574 7572 . /* Retur\n-000092a0: 6e20 6375 7374 6f6d 2065 7272 6f72 206d n custom error m\n-000092b0: 6573 7361 6765 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 essage. */. \n-000092c0: 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6772 7562 5f65 return grub_e\n-000092d0: 7272 6f72 2028 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f55 rror (GRUB_ERR_U\n-000092e0: 4e4b 4e4f 574e 5f44 4556 4943 452c 2022 NKNOWN_DEVICE, \"\n-000092f0: 4e6f 2064 6576 6963 6520 7479 7065 2031 No device type 1\n-00009300: 206f 7220 3220 666f 756e 642e 2229 3b0a or 2 found.\");.\n-00009310: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 }.. Some \n-00009320: 7469 6d65 7320 7468 6572 6520 6973 2061 times there is a\n-00009330: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 need to continu\n-00009340: 6520 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 2065 7665 e processing eve\n-00009350: 6e20 6966 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 610a n if there is a.\n-00009360: 6572 726f 7220 7374 6174 6520 696e 2061 error state in a\n-00009370: 7070 6c69 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6e20 pplication. In \n-00009380: 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e73 206c 696b 6520 situations like \n-00009390: 7468 6973 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6973 2061 this, there is a\n-000093a0: 206e 6565 6465 640a 746f 2073 6176 6520 needed.to save \n-000093b0: 6f6c 6420 6572 726f 7220 7374 6174 6520 old error state \n-000093c0: 616e 6420 7468 656e 2063 616c 6c20 6f74 and then call ot\n-000093d0: 6865 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 7468 her functions th\n-000093e0: 6174 206d 6967 6874 2066 6169 6c2e 0a54 at might fail..T\n-000093f0: 6f20 6169 6420 696e 2074 6869 732c 2074 o aid in this, t\n-00009400: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 6572 726f 7220 here is a error \n-00009410: 7374 6163 6b20 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 stack implemente\n-00009420: 642e 2020 4572 726f 7220 7374 6174 6520 d. Error state \n-00009430: 6361 6e20 6265 0a70 7573 6865 6420 746f can be.pushed to\n-00009440: 2065 7272 6f72 2073 7461 636b 2062 7920 error stack by \n-00009450: 6361 6c6c 696e 6720 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e calling function\n-00009460: 2027 6772 7562 5f65 7272 6f72 5f70 7573 'grub_error_pus\n-00009470: 6820 2829 272e 2020 5768 656e 0a70 726f h ()'. When.pro\n-00009480: 6365 7373 696e 6720 6861 7320 6265 656e cessing has been\n-00009490: 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6564 2c20 2767 7275 completed, 'gru\n-000094a0: 625f 6572 726f 725f 706f 7020 2829 2720 b_error_pop ()' \n-000094b0: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2070 can be used to p\n-000094c0: 6f70 0a65 7272 6f72 2073 7461 7465 2066 op.error state f\n-000094d0: 726f 6d20 7374 6163 6b2e 2020 4572 726f rom stack. Erro\n-000094e0: 7220 7374 6163 6b20 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 r stack contains\n-000094f0: 2070 7265 6465 6669 6e65 6420 616d 6f75 predefined amou\n-00009500: 6e74 206f 6620 6572 726f 720a 7374 6163 nt of error.stac\n-00009510: 6b20 6974 656d 732e 2020 4572 726f 7220 k items. Error \n-00009520: 7374 6163 6b20 6973 2070 726f 7465 6374 stack is protect\n-00009530: 6564 2066 6f72 206f 7665 7266 6c6f 7720 ed for overflow \n-00009540: 616e 6420 6d61 726b 7320 7468 6573 650a and marks these.\n-00009550: 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e73 2073 6f20 6f76 situations so ov\n-00009560: 6572 666c 6f77 2065 7272 6f72 2064 6f65 erflow error doe\n-00009570: 7320 6e6f 7420 6765 7420 756e 7365 656e s not get unseen\n-00009580: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e . If there is n\n-00009590: 6f20 7370 6163 650a 6176 6169 6c61 626c o space.availabl\n-000095a0: 6520 746f 2073 746f 7265 2065 7272 6f72 e to store error\n-000095b0: 206d 6573 7361 6765 2c20 6974 2069 7320 message, it is \n-000095c0: 7369 6d70 6c79 2064 6973 6361 7264 6564 simply discarded\n-000095d0: 2061 6e64 206f 7665 7266 6c6f 770a 7769 and overflow.wi\n-000095e0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 726b 6564 2061 7320 ll be marked as \n-000095f0: 6861 7070 656e 6564 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 happened. When \n-00009600: 6f76 6572 666c 6f77 2068 6170 7065 6e73 overflow happens\n-00009610: 2c20 6974 206d 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 6c79 , it most likely\n-00009620: 2077 696c 6c0a 636f 7272 7570 7420 6572 will.corrupt er\n-00009630: 726f 7220 7374 6163 6b20 636f 6e73 6973 ror stack consis\n-00009640: 7465 6e63 7920 6173 2066 6f72 2070 7573 tency as for pus\n-00009650: 6865 6420 6572 726f 7220 7468 6572 6520 hed error there \n-00009660: 6973 206e 6f20 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 0a70 is no matching.p\n-00009670: 6f70 2c20 6275 7420 6f76 6572 666c 6f77 op, but overflow\n-00009680: 206d 6573 7361 6765 2077 696c 6c20 6265 message will be\n-00009690: 2073 686f 776e 2074 6f20 696e 666f 726d shown to inform\n-000096a0: 2075 7365 7220 6162 6f75 7420 7468 650a user about the.\n-000096b0: 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4f76 6572 situation. Over\n-000096c0: 666c 6f77 206d 6573 7361 6765 2077 696c flow message wil\n-000096d0: 6c20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2061 7420 7469 l be shown at ti\n-000096e0: 6d65 2077 6865 6e20 7072 6f6d 7074 2069 me when prompt i\n-000096f0: 7320 6162 6f75 740a 746f 2062 6520 6472 s about.to be dr\n-00009700: 6177 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 awn... Example\n-00009710: 2075 7361 6765 206f 6620 6572 726f 7220 usage of error \n-00009720: 7374 6163 6b2e 0a20 2020 2020 2f2a 2053 stack.. /* S\n-00009730: 6176 6520 706f 7373 6962 6c65 206f 6c64 ave possible old\n-00009740: 2065 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 2e20 error message. \n-00009750: 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 */. grub_er\n-00009760: 726f 725f 7075 7368 2028 293b 0a0a 2020 ror_push ();.. \n-00009770: 2020 202f 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 7220 7374 /* Do your st\n-00009780: 7566 6620 6865 7265 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 uff here. */. \n-00009790: 2020 2063 616c 6c5f 706f 7373 6962 6c79 call_possibly\n-000097a0: 5f66 6169 6c69 6e67 5f66 756e 6374 696f _failing_functio\n-000097b0: 6e20 2829 3b0a 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2028 n ();.. if (\n-000097c0: 6772 7562 5f65 7272 6e6f 2021 3d20 4752 grub_errno != GR\n-000097d0: 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4529 0a20 2020 UB_ERR_NONE). \n-000097e0: 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f {. /\n-000097f0: 2a20 496e 666f 726d 2072 6573 7420 6f66 * Inform rest of\n-00009800: 2074 6865 2063 6f64 6520 7468 6174 2074 the code that t\n-00009810: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6572 726f 7220 2867 here is error (g\n-00009820: 7275 625f 6572 726e 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 rub_errno. \n-00009830: 2020 2020 2020 6973 2073 6574 292e 2054 is set). T\n-00009840: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2070 6f70 2068 here is no pop h\n-00009850: 6572 6520 6173 2077 6520 7761 6e74 2062 ere as we want b\n-00009860: 6f74 6820 6572 726f 7220 7374 6174 6573 oth error states\n-00009870: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6f20 . to \n-00009880: 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e20 202a be displayed. *\n-00009890: 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 /. retur\n-000098a0: 6e3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 n;. }.. \n-000098b0: 2020 2f2a 2052 6573 746f 7265 206f 6c64 /* Restore old\n-000098c0: 2065 7272 6f72 2073 7461 7465 2062 7920 error state by \n-000098d0: 706f 7070 696e 6720 7072 6576 696f 7573 popping previous\n-000098e0: 2069 7465 6d20 6672 6f6d 2073 7461 636b item from stack\n-000098f0: 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 . */. grub_e\n-00009900: 7272 6f72 5f70 6f70 2028 293b 0a0a 1f0a rror_pop ();....\n-00009910: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 File: grub-dev.i\n-00009920: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5374 6163 nfo, Node: Stac\n-00009930: 6b20 616e 6420 6865 6170 2073 697a 652c k and heap size,\n-00009940: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4249 4f53 2070 6f72 Next: BIOS por\n-00009950: 7420 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2c20 2050 t memory map, P\n-00009960: 7265 763a 2045 7272 6f72 2048 616e 646c rev: Error Handl\n-00009970: 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a38 ing, Up: Top..8\n-00009980: 2053 7461 636b 2061 6e64 2068 6561 7020 Stack and heap \n-00009990: 7369 7a65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a size.***********\n-000099a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e 2065 **********..On e\n-000099b0: 6d75 2073 7461 636b 2061 6e64 2068 6561 mu stack and hea\n-000099c0: 7020 6172 6520 6a75 7374 206e 6f72 6d61 p are just norma\n-000099d0: 6c20 686f 7374 204f 5320 7374 6163 6b20 l host OS stack \n-000099e0: 616e 6420 6865 6170 2e20 2053 7461 636b and heap. Stack\n-000099f0: 2069 730a 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 3820 is.typically 8 \n-00009a00: 4d69 4220 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7427 MiB although it'\n-00009a10: 7320 4f53 2d64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 2e0a s OS-dependent..\n-00009a20: 0a20 2020 4f6e 2069 3338 362d 7063 2c20 . On i386-pc, \n-00009a30: 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2069 i386-coreboot, i\n-00009a40: 3338 362d 7165 6d75 2061 6e64 2069 3338 386-qemu and i38\n-00009a50: 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6-multiboot the \n-00009a60: 7374 6163 6b20 6973 0a36 304b 6942 2e20 stack is.60KiB. \n-00009a70: 416c 6c20 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7370 All available sp\n-00009a80: 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 314d 6942 ace between 1MiB\n-00009a90: 2061 6e64 2034 4769 4220 6d61 726b 7320 and 4GiB marks \n-00009aa0: 6973 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2068 6561 702e is part of heap.\n-00009ab0: 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 2a2d 7865 6e20 7374 .. On *-xen st\n-00009ac0: 6163 6b20 6973 2034 4d69 422e 2049 6620 ack is 4MiB. If \n-00009ad0: 636f 6d70 696c 6564 2066 6f72 2078 3836 compiled for x86\n-00009ae0: 2d36 3420 7769 7468 2047 4343 2034 2e34 -64 with GCC 4.4\n-00009af0: 206f 7220 6c61 7465 720a 6164 7265 7373 or later.adress\n-00009b00: 6162 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 7320 756e able space is un\n-00009b10: 6c69 6d69 7465 642e 2020 5768 656e 2063 limited. When c\n-00009b20: 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 666f 7220 7838 362d ompiled for x86-\n-00009b30: 3634 2077 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 4743 64 with older GC\n-00009b40: 430a 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6164 7265 7373 C.version adress\n-00009b50: 6162 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 7320 6c69 able space is li\n-00009b60: 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2032 4769 422e 2057 mited to 2GiB. W\n-00009b70: 6865 6e20 636f 6d70 696c 696e 6720 666f hen compiling fo\n-00009b80: 7220 6933 3836 0a61 6472 6573 7361 626c r i386.adressabl\n-00009b90: 6520 7370 6163 6520 6973 206c 696d 6974 e space is limit\n-00009ba0: 6564 2074 6f20 3447 6942 2e20 416c 6c20 ed to 4GiB. All \n-00009bb0: 6164 7265 7373 6162 6c65 2070 6167 6573 adressable pages\n-00009bc0: 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 650a 6f6e 6573 except the.ones\n-00009bd0: 2066 6f72 2073 7461 636b 2c20 4752 5542 for stack, GRUB\n-00009be0: 2062 696e 6172 792c 2073 7065 6369 616c binary, special\n-00009bf0: 2070 6167 6573 2061 6e64 2070 6167 6520 pages and page \n-00009c00: 7461 626c 6520 6172 6520 696e 2074 6865 table are in the\n-00009c10: 0a68 6561 702e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 2a2d .heap... On *-\n-00009c20: 6566 6920 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 7361 efi GRUB uses sa\n-00009c30: 6d65 2073 7461 636b 2061 7320 4546 492e me stack as EFI.\n-00009c40: 2049 6620 636f 6d70 696c 6564 2066 6f72 If compiled for\n-00009c50: 2078 3836 2d36 3420 7769 7468 2047 4343 x86-64 with GCC\n-00009c60: 0a34 2e34 206f 7220 6c61 7465 7220 6164 .4.4 or later ad\n-00009c70: 7265 7373 6162 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 ressable space i\n-00009c80: 7320 756e 6c69 6d69 7465 642e 2020 5768 s unlimited. Wh\n-00009c90: 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 666f 7220 en compiled for \n-00009ca0: 7838 362d 3634 0a77 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 x86-64.with olde\n-00009cb0: 7220 4743 4320 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6164 r GCC version ad\n-00009cc0: 7265 7373 6162 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 ressable space i\n-00009cd0: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2032 4769 s limited to 2Gi\n-00009ce0: 422e 2046 6f72 2061 6c6c 0a6f 7468 6572 B. For all.other\n-00009cf0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 6472 6573 platforms adres\n-00009d00: 7361 626c 6520 7370 6163 6520 6973 206c sable space is l\n-00009d10: 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 3447 6942 2e20 imited to 4GiB. \n-00009d20: 4752 5542 2061 6c6c 6f63 6174 6573 0a70 GRUB allocates.p\n-00009d30: 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4546 4920 666f ages from EFI fo\n-00009d40: 7220 6974 7320 6865 6170 2c20 6174 206d r its heap, at m\n-00009d50: 6f73 7420 312e 3620 4769 422e 0a0a 2020 ost 1.6 GiB... \n-00009d60: 204f 6e20 6933 3836 2d69 6565 6531 3237 On i386-ieee127\n-00009d70: 3520 616e 6420 706f 7765 7270 632d 6965 5 and powerpc-ie\n-00009d80: 6565 3132 3735 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 ee1275 GRUB uses\n-00009d90: 2073 616d 6520 7374 6163 6b20 6173 0a49 same stack as.I\n-00009da0: 4545 4531 3237 352e 2020 4974 2061 6c6c EEE1275. It all\n-00009db0: 6f63 6174 6573 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 2033 ocates at most 3\n-00009dc0: 324d 6942 2066 6f72 2069 7473 2068 6561 2MiB for its hea\n-00009dd0: 702e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 7370 6172 6336 p... On sparc6\n-00009de0: 342d 6965 6565 3132 3735 2073 7461 636b 4-ieee1275 stack\n-00009df0: 2069 7320 3235 364b 6942 2061 6e64 2068 is 256KiB and h\n-00009e00: 6561 7020 6973 2032 4d69 422e 0a0a 2020 eap is 2MiB... \n-00009e10: 204f 6e20 6d69 7073 2865 6c29 2d71 656d On mips(el)-qem\n-00009e20: 755f 6d69 7073 2061 6e64 206d 6970 7365 u_mips and mipse\n-00009e30: 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2073 7461 636b l-loongson stack\n-00009e40: 2069 7320 324d 6942 2028 6576 6572 7974 is 2MiB (everyt\n-00009e50: 6869 6e67 0a62 656c 6f77 2047 5255 4220 hing.below GRUB \n-00009e60: 696d 6167 6529 2061 6e64 2065 7665 7279 image) and every\n-00009e70: 7468 696e 6720 6162 6f76 6520 4752 5542 thing above GRUB\n-00009e80: 2069 6d61 6765 2028 6672 6f6d 2032 4d69 image (from 2Mi\n-00009e90: 4220 2b20 6b65 726e 656c 0a73 697a 6529 B + kernel.size)\n-00009ea0: 2075 6e74 696c 2032 3536 4d69 4220 6973 until 256MiB is\n-00009eb0: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2068 6561 702e 0a0a part of heap...\n-00009ec0: 2020 204f 6e20 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 2073 On mips-arc s\n-00009ed0: 7461 636b 2069 7320 324d 6942 2028 6576 tack is 2MiB (ev\n-00009ee0: 6572 7974 6869 6e67 2062 656c 6f77 2047 erything below G\n-00009ef0: 5255 4220 696d 6167 6529 2061 6e64 0a65 RUB image) and.e\n-00009f00: 7665 7279 7468 696e 6720 6162 6f76 6520 verything above \n-00009f10: 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2866 726f 6d20 GRUB image(from \n-00009f20: 324d 6942 202b 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7369 2MiB + kernel si\n-00009f30: 7a65 2920 756e 7469 6c20 3132 384d 6942 ze) until 128MiB\n-00009f40: 2069 730a 7061 7274 206f 6620 6865 6170 is.part of heap\n-00009f50: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 206d 6970 7365 6c2d ... On mipsel-\n-00009f60: 6172 6320 7374 6163 6b20 6973 2032 4d69 arc stack is 2Mi\n-00009f70: 4220 2865 7665 7279 7468 696e 6720 6265 B (everything be\n-00009f80: 6c6f 7720 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2077 low GRUB image w\n-00009f90: 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 7061 7274 hich is not.part\n-00009fa0: 206f 6620 4152 4329 2061 6e64 2065 7665 of ARC) and eve\n-00009fb0: 7279 7468 696e 6720 6162 6f76 6520 4752 rything above GR\n-00009fc0: 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2028 6672 6f6d 2037 UB image (from 7\n-00009fd0: 4d69 4220 2b20 6b65 726e 656c 2073 697a MiB + kernel siz\n-00009fe0: 6529 0a75 6e74 696c 2032 3536 4d69 4220 e).until 256MiB \n-00009ff0: 6973 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2068 6561 702e is part of heap.\n-0000a000: 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 6172 6d2d 7562 6f6f .. On arm-uboo\n-0000a010: 7420 7374 6163 6b20 6973 2032 3536 4b69 t stack is 256Ki\n-0000a020: 4220 616e 6420 6865 6170 2069 7320 324d B and heap is 2M\n-0000a030: 6942 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 2073 686f 7274 iB... In short\n-0000a040: 3a0a 0a50 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 2020 2053 :..Platform S\n-0000a050: 7461 636b 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tack \n-0000a060: 2020 4865 6170 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Heap.---------\n+00008e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 3029 3b0a 2020 10);. \n+00008e90: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 7468 6572 }.. If ther\n+00008ea0: 6520 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2072 e is a special r\n+00008eb0: 6561 736f 6e20 7468 6174 2065 7272 6f72 eason that error\n+00008ec0: 2063 6f64 6520 646f 6573 206e 6f74 206e code does not n\n+00008ed0: 6565 6420 746f 2062 650a 7461 6b65 6e20 eed to be.taken \n+00008ee0: 6163 636f 756e 742c 2027 6772 7562 5f65 account, 'grub_e\n+00008ef0: 7272 6e6f 2720 6361 6e20 6265 207a 6572 rrno' can be zer\n+00008f00: 6f65 6420 6261 636b 2074 6f20 2747 5255 oed back to 'GRU\n+00008f10: 425f 4552 525f 4e4f 4e45 272e 2020 496e B_ERR_NONE'. In\n+00008f20: 0a63 6173 6573 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 .cases like this\n+00008f30: 2061 6c6c 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 6572 all previous er\n+00008f40: 726f 7220 636f 6465 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 ror codes should\n+00008f50: 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 2068 616e 646c have been handl\n+00008f60: 6564 0a63 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 2e20 2054 ed.correctly. T\n+00008f70: 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 7375 7265 2074 his makes sure t\n+00008f80: 6861 7420 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6e6f hat there are no\n+00008f90: 2075 6e68 616e 646c 6564 2065 7863 6570 unhandled excep\n+00008fa0: 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2045 7861 6d70 tions... Examp\n+00008fb0: 6c65 206f 6620 7a65 726f 696e 6720 2767 le of zeroing 'g\n+00008fc0: 7275 625f 6572 726e 6f27 2e0a 2020 2020 rub_errno'.. \n+00008fd0: 2067 7275 625f 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 grub_err_t. \n+00008fe0: 2070 726f 6265 5f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2028 probe_example (\n+00008ff0: 290a 2020 2020 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ). {. \n+00009000: 2f2a 2054 7279 2074 6f20 7072 6f62 6520 /* Try to probe \n+00009010: 6465 7669 6365 2074 7970 6520 312e 2020 device type 1. \n+00009020: 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f62 655f */. probe_\n+00009030: 666f 725f 6465 7669 6365 2028 293b 0a20 for_device ();. \n+00009040: 2020 2020 2020 6966 2028 6772 7562 5f65 if (grub_e\n+00009050: 7272 6e6f 203d 3d20 4752 5542 5f45 5252 rrno == GRUB_ERR\n+00009060: 5f4e 4f4e 4529 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _NONE). \n+00009070: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 {. /* \n+00009080: 4465 7669 6365 2074 7970 6520 3120 7761 Device type 1 wa\n+00009090: 7320 666f 756e 6420 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 s found on syste\n+000090a0: 6d2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 m. */. \n+000090b0: 2020 7265 6769 7374 6572 5f64 6576 6963 register_devic\n+000090c0: 6520 2829 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e ();. \n+000090d0: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 4752 5542 5f45 5252 return GRUB_ERR\n+000090e0: 5f4e 4f4e 453b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _NONE;. \n+000090f0: 7d0a 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 5a65 726f }. /* Zero\n+00009100: 206f 7574 2065 7272 6f72 2063 6f64 652e out error code.\n+00009110: 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 */. grub\n+00009120: 5f65 7272 6e6f 203d 2047 5255 425f 4552 _errno = GRUB_ER\n+00009130: 525f 4e4f 4e45 3b0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 R_NONE;.. \n+00009140: 2f2a 204e 6f20 6465 7669 6365 2074 7970 /* No device typ\n+00009150: 6520 3120 666f 756e 642c 2074 7279 2074 e 1 found, try t\n+00009160: 6f20 7072 6f62 6520 6465 7669 6365 2074 o probe device t\n+00009170: 7970 6520 322e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 ype 2. */. \n+00009180: 2020 7072 6f62 655f 666f 725f 6465 7669 probe_for_devi\n+00009190: 6365 3220 2829 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2069 ce2 ();. i\n+000091a0: 6620 2867 7275 625f 6572 726e 6f20 3d3d f (grub_errno ==\n+000091b0: 2047 5255 425f 4552 525f 4e4f 4e45 290a GRUB_ERR_NONE).\n+000091c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 207b 0a20 2020 2020 {. \n+000091d0: 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2044 6576 6963 6520 /* Device \n+000091e0: 7479 7065 2032 2077 6173 2066 6f75 6e64 type 2 was found\n+000091f0: 206f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 2e20 202a 2f0a on system. */.\n+00009200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6567 6973 regis\n+00009210: 7465 725f 6465 7669 6365 3220 2829 3b0a ter_device2 ();.\n+00009220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 retur\n+00009230: 6e20 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 453b n GRUB_ERR_NONE;\n+00009240: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7d0a 2020 2020 . }. \n+00009250: 2020 202f 2a20 5a65 726f 206f 7574 2065 /* Zero out e\n+00009260: 7272 6f72 2063 6f64 652e 2020 2a2f 0a20 rror code. */. \n+00009270: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 6e6f grub_errno\n+00009280: 203d 2047 5255 425f 4552 525f 4e4f 4e45 = GRUB_ERR_NONE\n+00009290: 3b0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2052 6574 ;.. /* Ret\n+000092a0: 7572 6e20 6375 7374 6f6d 2065 7272 6f72 urn custom error\n+000092b0: 206d 6573 7361 6765 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 message. */. \n+000092c0: 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6772 7562 return grub\n+000092d0: 5f65 7272 6f72 2028 4752 5542 5f45 5252 _error (GRUB_ERR\n+000092e0: 5f55 4e4b 4e4f 574e 5f44 4556 4943 452c _UNKNOWN_DEVICE,\n+000092f0: 2022 4e6f 2064 6576 6963 6520 7479 7065 \"No device type\n+00009300: 2031 206f 7220 3220 666f 756e 642e 2229 1 or 2 found.\")\n+00009310: 3b0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d ;. }.. Som\n+00009320: 6520 7469 6d65 7320 7468 6572 6520 6973 e times there is\n+00009330: 2061 206e 6565 6420 746f 2063 6f6e 7469 a need to conti\n+00009340: 6e75 6520 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 2065 nue processing e\n+00009350: 7665 6e20 6966 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 ven if there is \n+00009360: 610a 6572 726f 7220 7374 6174 6520 696e a.error state in\n+00009370: 2061 7070 6c69 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 application. I\n+00009380: 6e20 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e73 206c 696b n situations lik\n+00009390: 6520 7468 6973 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6973 e this, there is\n+000093a0: 2061 206e 6565 6465 640a 746f 2073 6176 a needed.to sav\n+000093b0: 6520 6f6c 6420 6572 726f 7220 7374 6174 e old error stat\n+000093c0: 6520 616e 6420 7468 656e 2063 616c 6c20 e and then call \n+000093d0: 6f74 6865 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 other functions \n+000093e0: 7468 6174 206d 6967 6874 2066 6169 6c2e that might fail.\n+000093f0: 0a54 6f20 6169 6420 696e 2074 6869 732c .To aid in this,\n+00009400: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 6572 726f there is a erro\n+00009410: 7220 7374 6163 6b20 696d 706c 656d 656e r stack implemen\n+00009420: 7465 642e 2020 4572 726f 7220 7374 6174 ted. Error stat\n+00009430: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 0a70 7573 6865 6420 e can be.pushed \n+00009440: 746f 2065 7272 6f72 2073 7461 636b 2062 to error stack b\n+00009450: 7920 6361 6c6c 696e 6720 6675 6e63 7469 y calling functi\n+00009460: 6f6e 2027 6772 7562 5f65 7272 6f72 5f70 on 'grub_error_p\n+00009470: 7573 6820 2829 272e 2020 5768 656e 0a70 ush ()'. When.p\n+00009480: 726f 6365 7373 696e 6720 6861 7320 6265 rocessing has be\n+00009490: 656e 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6564 2c20 2767 en completed, 'g\n+000094a0: 7275 625f 6572 726f 725f 706f 7020 2829 rub_error_pop ()\n+000094b0: 2720 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f ' can be used to\n+000094c0: 2070 6f70 0a65 7272 6f72 2073 7461 7465 pop.error state\n+000094d0: 2066 726f 6d20 7374 6163 6b2e 2020 4572 from stack. Er\n+000094e0: 726f 7220 7374 6163 6b20 636f 6e74 6169 ror stack contai\n+000094f0: 6e73 2070 7265 6465 6669 6e65 6420 616d ns predefined am\n+00009500: 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 6572 726f 720a 7374 ount of error.st\n+00009510: 6163 6b20 6974 656d 732e 2020 4572 726f ack items. Erro\n+00009520: 7220 7374 6163 6b20 6973 2070 726f 7465 r stack is prote\n+00009530: 6374 6564 2066 6f72 206f 7665 7266 6c6f cted for overflo\n+00009540: 7720 616e 6420 6d61 726b 7320 7468 6573 w and marks thes\n+00009550: 650a 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e73 2073 6f20 e.situations so \n+00009560: 6f76 6572 666c 6f77 2065 7272 6f72 2064 overflow error d\n+00009570: 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6765 7420 756e 7365 oes not get unse\n+00009580: 656e 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 en. If there is\n+00009590: 206e 6f20 7370 6163 650a 6176 6169 6c61 no space.availa\n+000095a0: 626c 6520 746f 2073 746f 7265 2065 7272 ble to store err\n+000095b0: 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 2c20 6974 2069 or message, it i\n+000095c0: 7320 7369 6d70 6c79 2064 6973 6361 7264 s simply discard\n+000095d0: 6564 2061 6e64 206f 7665 7266 6c6f 770a ed and overflow.\n+000095e0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 726b 6564 2061 will be marked a\n+000095f0: 7320 6861 7070 656e 6564 2e20 2057 6865 s happened. Whe\n+00009600: 6e20 6f76 6572 666c 6f77 2068 6170 7065 n overflow happe\n+00009610: 6e73 2c20 6974 206d 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 ns, it most like\n+00009620: 6c79 2077 696c 6c0a 636f 7272 7570 7420 ly will.corrupt \n+00009630: 6572 726f 7220 7374 6163 6b20 636f 6e73 error stack cons\n+00009640: 6973 7465 6e63 7920 6173 2066 6f72 2070 istency as for p\n+00009650: 7573 6865 6420 6572 726f 7220 7468 6572 ushed error ther\n+00009660: 6520 6973 206e 6f20 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 e is no matching\n+00009670: 0a70 6f70 2c20 6275 7420 6f76 6572 666c .pop, but overfl\n+00009680: 6f77 206d 6573 7361 6765 2077 696c 6c20 ow message will \n+00009690: 6265 2073 686f 776e 2074 6f20 696e 666f be shown to info\n+000096a0: 726d 2075 7365 7220 6162 6f75 7420 7468 rm user about th\n+000096b0: 650a 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4f76 e.situation. Ov\n+000096c0: 6572 666c 6f77 206d 6573 7361 6765 2077 erflow message w\n+000096d0: 696c 6c20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2061 7420 ill be shown at \n+000096e0: 7469 6d65 2077 6865 6e20 7072 6f6d 7074 time when prompt\n+000096f0: 2069 7320 6162 6f75 740a 746f 2062 6520 is about.to be \n+00009700: 6472 6177 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2045 7861 6d70 drawn... Examp\n+00009710: 6c65 2075 7361 6765 206f 6620 6572 726f le usage of erro\n+00009720: 7220 7374 6163 6b2e 0a20 2020 2020 2f2a r stack.. /*\n+00009730: 2053 6176 6520 706f 7373 6962 6c65 206f Save possible o\n+00009740: 6c64 2065 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 ld error message\n+00009750: 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f . */. grub_\n+00009760: 6572 726f 725f 7075 7368 2028 293b 0a0a error_push ();..\n+00009770: 2020 2020 202f 2a20 446f 2079 6f75 7220 /* Do your \n+00009780: 7374 7566 6620 6865 7265 2e20 202a 2f0a stuff here. */.\n+00009790: 2020 2020 2063 616c 6c5f 706f 7373 6962 call_possib\n+000097a0: 6c79 5f66 6169 6c69 6e67 5f66 756e 6374 ly_failing_funct\n+000097b0: 696f 6e20 2829 3b0a 0a20 2020 2020 6966 ion ();.. if\n+000097c0: 2028 6772 7562 5f65 7272 6e6f 2021 3d20 (grub_errno != \n+000097d0: 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4529 0a20 GRUB_ERR_NONE). \n+000097e0: 2020 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n+000097f0: 202f 2a20 496e 666f 726d 2072 6573 7420 /* Inform rest \n+00009800: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f64 6520 7468 6174 of the code that\n+00009810: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6572 726f 7220 there is error \n+00009820: 2867 7275 625f 6572 726e 6f0a 2020 2020 (grub_errno. \n+00009830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6973 2073 6574 292e is set).\n+00009840: 2054 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2070 6f70 There is no pop\n+00009850: 2068 6572 6520 6173 2077 6520 7761 6e74 here as we want\n+00009860: 2062 6f74 6820 6572 726f 7220 7374 6174 both error stat\n+00009870: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 es. t\n+00009880: 6f20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e20 o be displayed. \n+00009890: 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6574 */. ret\n+000098a0: 7572 6e3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 urn;. }.. \n+000098b0: 2020 2020 2f2a 2052 6573 746f 7265 206f /* Restore o\n+000098c0: 6c64 2065 7272 6f72 2073 7461 7465 2062 ld error state b\n+000098d0: 7920 706f 7070 696e 6720 7072 6576 696f y popping previo\n+000098e0: 7573 2069 7465 6d20 6672 6f6d 2073 7461 us item from sta\n+000098f0: 636b 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 ck. */. grub\n+00009900: 5f65 7272 6f72 5f70 6f70 2028 293b 0a0a _error_pop ();..\n+00009910: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 ..File: grub-dev\n+00009920: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5374 .info, Node: St\n+00009930: 6163 6b20 616e 6420 6865 6170 2073 697a ack and heap siz\n+00009940: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4249 4f53 2070 e, Next: BIOS p\n+00009950: 6f72 7420 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2c20 ort memory map, \n+00009960: 2050 7265 763a 2045 7272 6f72 2048 616e Prev: Error Han\n+00009970: 646c 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a dling, Up: Top.\n+00009980: 0a38 2053 7461 636b 2061 6e64 2068 6561 .8 Stack and hea\n+00009990: 7020 7369 7a65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a p size.*********\n+000099a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e ************..On\n+000099b0: 2065 6d75 2073 7461 636b 2061 6e64 2068 emu stack and h\n+000099c0: 6561 7020 6172 6520 6a75 7374 206e 6f72 eap are just nor\n+000099d0: 6d61 6c20 686f 7374 204f 5320 7374 6163 mal host OS stac\n+000099e0: 6b20 616e 6420 6865 6170 2e20 2053 7461 k and heap. Sta\n+000099f0: 636b 2069 730a 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 ck is.typically \n+00009a00: 3820 4d69 4220 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2069 8 MiB although i\n+00009a10: 7427 7320 4f53 2d64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 t's OS-dependent\n+00009a20: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2069 3338 362d 7063 ... On i386-pc\n+00009a30: 2c20 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c , i386-coreboot,\n+00009a40: 2069 3338 362d 7165 6d75 2061 6e64 2069 i386-qemu and i\n+00009a50: 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 7468 386-multiboot th\n+00009a60: 6520 7374 6163 6b20 6973 0a36 304b 6942 e stack is.60KiB\n+00009a70: 2e20 416c 6c20 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 . All available \n+00009a80: 7370 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 314d space between 1M\n+00009a90: 6942 2061 6e64 2034 4769 4220 6d61 726b iB and 4GiB mark\n+00009aa0: 7320 6973 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2068 6561 s is part of hea\n+00009ab0: 702e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 2a2d 7865 6e20 p... On *-xen \n+00009ac0: 7374 6163 6b20 6973 2034 4d69 422e 2049 stack is 4MiB. I\n+00009ad0: 6620 636f 6d70 696c 6564 2066 6f72 2078 f compiled for x\n+00009ae0: 3836 2d36 3420 7769 7468 2047 4343 2034 86-64 with GCC 4\n+00009af0: 2e34 206f 7220 6c61 7465 720a 6164 7265 .4 or later.adre\n+00009b00: 7373 6162 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 7320 ssable space is \n+00009b10: 756e 6c69 6d69 7465 642e 2020 5768 656e unlimited. When\n+00009b20: 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 666f 7220 7838 compiled for x8\n+00009b30: 362d 3634 2077 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 6-64 with older \n+00009b40: 4743 430a 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6164 7265 GCC.version adre\n+00009b50: 7373 6162 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 7320 ssable space is \n+00009b60: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2032 4769 422e limited to 2GiB.\n+00009b70: 2057 6865 6e20 636f 6d70 696c 696e 6720 When compiling \n+00009b80: 666f 7220 6933 3836 0a61 6472 6573 7361 for i386.adressa\n+00009b90: 626c 6520 7370 6163 6520 6973 206c 696d ble space is lim\n+00009ba0: 6974 6564 2074 6f20 3447 6942 2e20 416c ited to 4GiB. Al\n+00009bb0: 6c20 6164 7265 7373 6162 6c65 2070 6167 l adressable pag\n+00009bc0: 6573 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 650a 6f6e es except the.on\n+00009bd0: 6573 2066 6f72 2073 7461 636b 2c20 4752 es for stack, GR\n+00009be0: 5542 2062 696e 6172 792c 2073 7065 6369 UB binary, speci\n+00009bf0: 616c 2070 6167 6573 2061 6e64 2070 6167 al pages and pag\n+00009c00: 6520 7461 626c 6520 6172 6520 696e 2074 e table are in t\n+00009c10: 6865 0a68 6561 702e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 he.heap... On \n+00009c20: 2a2d 6566 6920 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 *-efi GRUB uses \n+00009c30: 7361 6d65 2073 7461 636b 2061 7320 4546 same stack as EF\n+00009c40: 492e 2049 6620 636f 6d70 696c 6564 2066 I. If compiled f\n+00009c50: 6f72 2078 3836 2d36 3420 7769 7468 2047 or x86-64 with G\n+00009c60: 4343 0a34 2e34 206f 7220 6c61 7465 7220 CC.4.4 or later \n+00009c70: 6164 7265 7373 6162 6c65 2073 7061 6365 adressable space\n+00009c80: 2069 7320 756e 6c69 6d69 7465 642e 2020 is unlimited. \n+00009c90: 5768 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 666f When compiled fo\n+00009ca0: 7220 7838 362d 3634 0a77 6974 6820 6f6c r x86-64.with ol\n+00009cb0: 6465 7220 4743 4320 7665 7273 696f 6e20 der GCC version \n+00009cc0: 6164 7265 7373 6162 6c65 2073 7061 6365 adressable space\n+00009cd0: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2032 is limited to 2\n+00009ce0: 4769 422e 2046 6f72 2061 6c6c 0a6f 7468 GiB. For all.oth\n+00009cf0: 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 6472 er platforms adr\n+00009d00: 6573 7361 626c 6520 7370 6163 6520 6973 essable space is\n+00009d10: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 3447 6942 limited to 4GiB\n+00009d20: 2e20 4752 5542 2061 6c6c 6f63 6174 6573 . GRUB allocates\n+00009d30: 0a70 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4546 4920 .pages from EFI \n+00009d40: 666f 7220 6974 7320 6865 6170 2c20 6174 for its heap, at\n+00009d50: 206d 6f73 7420 312e 3620 4769 422e 0a0a most 1.6 GiB...\n+00009d60: 2020 204f 6e20 6933 3836 2d69 6565 6531 On i386-ieee1\n+00009d70: 3237 3520 616e 6420 706f 7765 7270 632d 275 and powerpc-\n+00009d80: 6965 6565 3132 3735 2047 5255 4220 7573 ieee1275 GRUB us\n+00009d90: 6573 2073 616d 6520 7374 6163 6b20 6173 es same stack as\n+00009da0: 0a49 4545 4531 3237 352e 2020 4974 2061 .IEEE1275. It a\n+00009db0: 6c6c 6f63 6174 6573 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 llocates at most\n+00009dc0: 2033 324d 6942 2066 6f72 2069 7473 2068 32MiB for its h\n+00009dd0: 6561 702e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 7370 6172 eap... On spar\n+00009de0: 6336 342d 6965 6565 3132 3735 2073 7461 c64-ieee1275 sta\n+00009df0: 636b 2069 7320 3235 364b 6942 2061 6e64 ck is 256KiB and\n+00009e00: 2068 6561 7020 6973 2032 4d69 422e 0a0a heap is 2MiB...\n+00009e10: 2020 204f 6e20 6d69 7073 2865 6c29 2d71 On mips(el)-q\n+00009e20: 656d 755f 6d69 7073 2061 6e64 206d 6970 emu_mips and mip\n+00009e30: 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2073 7461 sel-loongson sta\n+00009e40: 636b 2069 7320 324d 6942 2028 6576 6572 ck is 2MiB (ever\n+00009e50: 7974 6869 6e67 0a62 656c 6f77 2047 5255 ything.below GRU\n+00009e60: 4220 696d 6167 6529 2061 6e64 2065 7665 B image) and eve\n+00009e70: 7279 7468 696e 6720 6162 6f76 6520 4752 rything above GR\n+00009e80: 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2028 6672 6f6d 2032 UB image (from 2\n+00009e90: 4d69 4220 2b20 6b65 726e 656c 0a73 697a MiB + kernel.siz\n+00009ea0: 6529 2075 6e74 696c 2032 3536 4d69 4220 e) until 256MiB \n+00009eb0: 6973 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2068 6561 702e is part of heap.\n+00009ec0: 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 .. On mips-arc\n+00009ed0: 2073 7461 636b 2069 7320 324d 6942 2028 stack is 2MiB (\n+00009ee0: 6576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 2062 656c 6f77 everything below\n+00009ef0: 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6529 2061 6e64 GRUB image) and\n+00009f00: 0a65 7665 7279 7468 696e 6720 6162 6f76 .everything abov\n+00009f10: 6520 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2866 726f e GRUB image(fro\n+00009f20: 6d20 324d 6942 202b 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 m 2MiB + kernel \n+00009f30: 7369 7a65 2920 756e 7469 6c20 3132 384d size) until 128M\n+00009f40: 6942 2069 730a 7061 7274 206f 6620 6865 iB is.part of he\n+00009f50: 6170 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 206d 6970 7365 ap... On mipse\n+00009f60: 6c2d 6172 6320 7374 6163 6b20 6973 2032 l-arc stack is 2\n+00009f70: 4d69 4220 2865 7665 7279 7468 696e 6720 MiB (everything \n+00009f80: 6265 6c6f 7720 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 below GRUB image\n+00009f90: 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 7061 which is not.pa\n+00009fa0: 7274 206f 6620 4152 4329 2061 6e64 2065 rt of ARC) and e\n+00009fb0: 7665 7279 7468 696e 6720 6162 6f76 6520 verything above \n+00009fc0: 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2028 6672 6f6d GRUB image (from\n+00009fd0: 2037 4d69 4220 2b20 6b65 726e 656c 2073 7MiB + kernel s\n+00009fe0: 697a 6529 0a75 6e74 696c 2032 3536 4d69 ize).until 256Mi\n+00009ff0: 4220 6973 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2068 6561 B is part of hea\n+0000a000: 702e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 6172 6d2d 7562 p... On arm-ub\n+0000a010: 6f6f 7420 7374 6163 6b20 6973 2032 3536 oot stack is 256\n+0000a020: 4b69 4220 616e 6420 6865 6170 2069 7320 KiB and heap is \n+0000a030: 324d 6942 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 2073 686f 2MiB... In sho\n+0000a040: 7274 3a0a 0a50 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 2020 rt:..Platform \n+0000a050: 2053 7461 636b 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 Stack \n+0000a060: 2020 2020 4865 6170 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Heap.-------\n 0000a070: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0000a080: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0000a090: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000a0a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 656d 7520 -----------.emu \n-0000a0b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3820 4d69 4220 2020 8 MiB \n-0000a0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a69 3338 ?.i38\n-0000a0d0: 362d 7063 2020 2020 2036 3020 4b69 4220 6-pc 60 KiB \n-0000a0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3c20 3420 < 4 \n-0000a0f0: 4769 420a 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f GiB.i386-coreboo\n-0000a100: 7436 3020 4b69 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 t60 KiB \n-0000a110: 2020 203c 2034 2047 6942 0a69 3338 362d < 4 GiB.i386-\n-0000a120: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7436 3020 4b69 4220 multiboot60 KiB \n-0000a130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3c20 3420 4769 < 4 Gi\n-0000a140: 420a 6933 3836 2d71 656d 7520 2020 3630 B.i386-qemu 60\n-0000a150: 204b 6942 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 KiB \n-0000a160: 203c 2034 2047 6942 0a2a 2d65 6669 2020 < 4 GiB.*-efi \n-0000a170: 2020 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n-0000a180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3c20 312e 3620 4769 < 1.6 Gi\n-0000a190: 420a 6933 3836 2d69 6565 6531 3237 353f B.i386-ieee1275?\n-0000a1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a1b0: 203c 2033 3220 4d69 420a 706f 7765 7270 < 32 MiB.powerp\n-0000a1c0: 632d 6965 6565 3132 3735 3f20 2020 2020 c-ieee1275? \n-0000a1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203c 2033 3220 4d69 < 32 Mi\n-0000a1e0: 420a 7370 6172 6336 342d 6965 6565 3132 B.sparc64-ieee12\n-0000a1f0: 3735 3235 364b 6942 2020 2020 2020 2020 75256KiB \n-0000a200: 2032 204d 6942 0a61 726d 2d75 626f 6f74 2 MiB.arm-uboot\n-0000a210: 2020 2032 3536 4b69 4220 2020 2020 2020 256KiB \n-0000a220: 2020 2020 2020 3220 4d69 420a 6d69 7073 2 MiB.mips\n-0000a230: 2865 6c29 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 324d (el)-qemu_mips2M\n-0000a240: 6942 2020 2020 2020 2020 2032 3533 204d iB 253 M\n-0000a250: 6942 0a6d 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 iB.mipsel-loongs\n-0000a260: 6f6e 324d 6942 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 on2MiB \n-0000a270: 2020 3235 3320 4d69 420a 6d69 7073 2d61 253 MiB.mips-a\n-0000a280: 7263 2020 2020 324d 6942 2020 2020 2020 rc 2MiB \n-0000a290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 3235 204d 6942 125 MiB\n-0000a2a0: 0a6d 6970 7365 6c2d 6172 6320 2032 4d69 .mipsel-arc 2Mi\n-0000a2b0: 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 B \n-0000a2c0: 3234 3820 4d69 420a 7838 365f 3634 2d78 248 MiB.x86_64-x\n-0000a2d0: 656e 2020 344d 6942 2020 2020 2020 2020 en 4MiB \n-0000a2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 6564 unlimited\n-0000a2f0: 0a28 4743 4320 3e3d 0a34 2e34 290a 7838 .(GCC >=.4.4).x8\n-0000a300: 365f 3634 2d78 656e 2020 344d 6942 2020 6_64-xen 4MiB \n-0000a310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203c 2032 < 2\n-0000a320: 4769 420a 2847 4343 203c 0a34 2e34 290a GiB.(GCC <.4.4).\n-0000a330: 6933 3836 2d78 656e 2020 2020 344d 6942 i386-xen 4MiB\n-0000a340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203c <\n-0000a350: 2034 4769 420a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 4GiB....File: g\n-0000a360: 7275 622d 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e rub-dev.info, N\n-0000a370: 6f64 653a 2042 494f 5320 706f 7274 206d ode: BIOS port m\n-0000a380: 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 702c 2020 4e65 7874 emory map, Next\n-0000a390: 3a20 5669 6465 6f20 5375 6273 7973 7465 : Video Subsyste\n-0000a3a0: 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5374 6163 6b20 m, Prev: Stack \n-0000a3b0: 616e 6420 6865 6170 2073 697a 652c 2020 and heap size, \n-0000a3c0: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a39 2042 494f 5320 Up: Top..9 BIOS \n-0000a3d0: 706f 7274 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 700a port memory map.\n-0000a3e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0000a3f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5374 6172 7420 2020 ******..Start \n-0000a400: 2020 2020 456e 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 End \n-0000a410: 2020 2020 2020 2055 7361 6765 0a2d 2d2d Usage.---\n+0000a0a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 656d -------------.em\n+0000a0b0: 7520 2020 2020 2020 2020 3820 4d69 4220 u 8 MiB \n+0000a0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a69 ?.i\n+0000a0d0: 3338 362d 7063 2020 2020 2036 3020 4b69 386-pc 60 Ki\n+0000a0e0: 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3c20 B < \n+0000a0f0: 3420 4769 420a 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 4 GiB.i386-coreb\n+0000a100: 6f6f 7436 3020 4b69 4220 2020 2020 2020 oot60 KiB \n+0000a110: 2020 2020 203c 2034 2047 6942 0a69 3338 < 4 GiB.i38\n+0000a120: 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7436 3020 4b69 6-multiboot60 Ki\n+0000a130: 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3c20 3420 B < 4 \n+0000a140: 4769 420a 6933 3836 2d71 656d 7520 2020 GiB.i386-qemu \n+0000a150: 3630 204b 6942 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 60 KiB \n+0000a160: 2020 203c 2034 2047 6942 0a2a 2d65 6669 < 4 GiB.*-efi\n+0000a170: 2020 2020 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n+0000a180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3c20 312e 3620 < 1.6 \n+0000a190: 4769 420a 6933 3836 2d69 6565 6531 3237 GiB.i386-ieee127\n+0000a1a0: 353f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5? \n+0000a1b0: 2020 203c 2033 3220 4d69 420a 706f 7765 < 32 MiB.powe\n+0000a1c0: 7270 632d 6965 6565 3132 3735 3f20 2020 rpc-ieee1275? \n+0000a1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203c 2033 3220 < 32 \n+0000a1e0: 4d69 420a 7370 6172 6336 342d 6965 6565 MiB.sparc64-ieee\n+0000a1f0: 3132 3735 3235 364b 6942 2020 2020 2020 1275256KiB \n+0000a200: 2020 2032 204d 6942 0a61 726d 2d75 626f 2 MiB.arm-ubo\n+0000a210: 6f74 2020 2032 3536 4b69 4220 2020 2020 ot 256KiB \n+0000a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3220 4d69 420a 6d69 2 MiB.mi\n+0000a230: 7073 2865 6c29 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 ps(el)-qemu_mips\n+0000a240: 324d 6942 2020 2020 2020 2020 2032 3533 2MiB 253\n+0000a250: 204d 6942 0a6d 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e MiB.mipsel-loon\n+0000a260: 6773 6f6e 324d 6942 2020 2020 2020 2020 gson2MiB \n+0000a270: 2020 2020 3235 3320 4d69 420a 6d69 7073 253 MiB.mips\n+0000a280: 2d61 7263 2020 2020 324d 6942 2020 2020 -arc 2MiB \n+0000a290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 3235 204d 125 M\n+0000a2a0: 6942 0a6d 6970 7365 6c2d 6172 6320 2032 iB.mipsel-arc 2\n+0000a2b0: 4d69 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 MiB \n+0000a2c0: 2020 3234 3820 4d69 420a 7838 365f 3634 248 MiB.x86_64\n+0000a2d0: 2d78 656e 2020 344d 6942 2020 2020 2020 -xen 4MiB \n+0000a2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 unlimit\n+0000a2f0: 6564 0a28 4743 4320 3e3d 0a34 2e34 290a ed.(GCC >=.4.4).\n+0000a300: 7838 365f 3634 2d78 656e 2020 344d 6942 x86_64-xen 4MiB\n+0000a310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203c <\n+0000a320: 2032 4769 420a 2847 4343 203c 0a34 2e34 2GiB.(GCC <.4.4\n+0000a330: 290a 6933 3836 2d78 656e 2020 2020 344d ).i386-xen 4M\n+0000a340: 6942 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iB \n+0000a350: 203c 2034 4769 420a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a < 4GiB....File:\n+0000a360: 2067 7275 622d 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 grub-dev.info, \n+0000a370: 204e 6f64 653a 2042 494f 5320 706f 7274 Node: BIOS port\n+0000a380: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 702c 2020 4e65 memory map, Ne\n+0000a390: 7874 3a20 5669 6465 6f20 5375 6273 7973 xt: Video Subsys\n+0000a3a0: 7465 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5374 6163 tem, Prev: Stac\n+0000a3b0: 6b20 616e 6420 6865 6170 2073 697a 652c k and heap size,\n+0000a3c0: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a39 2042 494f Up: Top..9 BIO\n+0000a3d0: 5320 706f 7274 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 S port memory ma\n+0000a3e0: 700a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a p.**************\n+0000a3f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5374 6172 7420 ********..Start \n+0000a400: 2020 2020 2020 456e 6420 2020 2020 2020 End \n+0000a410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 7361 6765 0a2d Usage.-\n 0000a420: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0000a430: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0000a440: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0000a450: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000a460: 2d0a 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3078 -.0 0x\n-0000a470: 3130 3030 202d 2031 2020 2020 2020 2020 1000 - 1 \n-0000a480: 2042 494f 5320 616e 6420 7265 616c 206d BIOS and real m\n-0000a490: 6f64 6520 696e 7465 7272 7570 7473 0a30 ode interrupts.0\n-0000a4a0: 7830 3742 4520 2020 2020 2030 7830 3746 x07BE 0x07F\n-0000a4b0: 4620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 F Pa\n-0000a4c0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 7061 rtition table pa\n-0000a4d0: 7373 6564 2074 6f20 616e 6f74 6865 720a ssed to another.\n-0000a4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a4f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 b\n-0000a500: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a3f 2020 2020 oot loader.? \n-0000a510: 2020 2020 2020 2030 7832 3030 3020 2d20 0x2000 - \n-0000a520: 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 616c 206d 1 Real m\n-0000a530: 6f64 6520 7374 6163 6b0a 3078 3743 3030 ode stack.0x7C00\n-0000a540: 2020 2020 2020 3078 3744 3030 202d 2031 0x7D00 - 1\n-0000a550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 7420 7365 Boot se\n-0000a560: 6374 6f72 0a30 7838 3030 3020 2020 2020 ctor.0x8000 \n-0000a570: 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n-0000a580: 2020 2020 4752 5542 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a GRUB kernel.\n-0000a590: 3078 3638 3030 3020 2020 2020 3078 3731 0x68000 0x71\n-0000a5a0: 3030 3020 2d20 3120 2020 2020 2020 2044 000 - 1 D\n-0000a5b0: 6973 6b20 6275 6666 6572 0a3f 2020 2020 isk buffer.? \n-0000a5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2030 7838 3030 3030 202d 0x80000 -\n-0000a5d0: 2031 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 6f74 6563 1 Protec\n-0000a5e0: 7465 6420 6d6f 6465 2073 7461 636b 0a3f ted mode stack.?\n-0000a5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 7841 3030 0xA00\n-0000a600: 3030 202d 2031 2020 2020 2020 2020 4578 00 - 1 Ex\n-0000a610: 7465 6e64 6564 2042 494f 5320 4461 7461 tended BIOS Data\n-0000a620: 2041 7265 610a 3078 4130 3030 3020 2020 Area.0xA0000 \n-0000a630: 2020 3078 4330 3030 3020 2d20 3120 2020 0xC0000 - 1 \n-0000a640: 2020 2020 2056 6964 656f 2052 414d 0a30 Video RAM.0\n-0000a650: 7843 3030 3030 2020 2020 2030 7831 3030 xC0000 0x100\n-0000a660: 3030 3020 2d20 3120 2020 2020 2020 4249 000 - 1 BI\n-0000a670: 4f53 0a30 7831 3030 3030 3020 2020 203f OS.0x100000 ?\n-0000a680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a690: 2020 4865 6170 2061 6e64 206d 6f64 756c Heap and modul\n-0000a6a0: 6520 636f 6465 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 e code....File: \n-0000a6b0: 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 grub-dev.info, \n-0000a6c0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5669 6465 6f20 5375 6273 Node: Video Subs\n-0000a6d0: 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5046 ystem, Next: PF\n-0000a6e0: 4632 2046 6f6e 7420 4669 6c65 2046 6f72 F2 Font File For\n-0000a6f0: 6d61 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4249 4f53 mat, Prev: BIOS\n-0000a700: 2070 6f72 7420 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 port memory map\n-0000a710: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3130 2056 , Up: Top..10 V\n-0000a720: 6964 656f 2053 7562 7379 7374 656d 0a2a ideo Subsystem.*\n-0000a730: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0000a740: 2a0a 0a54 6869 7320 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 *..This document\n-0000a750: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7370 6563 6966 contains specif\n-0000a760: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 5669 6465 ication for Vide\n-0000a770: 6f20 5375 6273 7973 7465 6d20 666f 7220 o Subsystem for \n-0000a780: 4752 5542 322e 0a43 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 GRUB2..Currently\n-0000a790: 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 7573 6167 6520 only the usage \n-0000a7a0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6973 2064 6573 interface is des\n-0000a7b0: 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6973 2064 cribed in this d\n-0000a7c0: 6f63 756d 656e 742e 0a49 6e74 6572 6e61 ocument..Interna\n-0000a7d0: 6c20 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 6f66 2068 l structure of h\n-0000a7e0: 6f77 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 7665 7273 ow video drivers\n-0000a7f0: 2061 7265 2072 6567 6973 7465 7269 6e67 are registering\n-0000a800: 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2076 6964 656f 0a64 and how video.d\n-0000a810: 7269 7665 7220 6d61 6e61 6765 7220 776f river manager wo\n-0000a820: 726b 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 696e 636c rks are not incl\n-0000a830: 7564 6564 2068 6572 652e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 uded here...* Me\n-0000a840: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2056 6964 656f 2041 5049 nu:..* Video API\n-0000a850: 3a3a 0a2a 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 2075 7361 ::.* Example usa\n-0000a860: 6765 206f 6620 5669 6465 6f20 4150 493a ge of Video API:\n-0000a870: 3a0a 2a20 4269 746d 6170 2041 5049 3a3a :.* Bitmap API::\n-0000a880: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 ....File: grub-d\n-0000a890: 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ev.info, Node: \n-0000a8a0: 5669 6465 6f20 4150 492c 2020 4e65 7874 Video API, Next\n-0000a8b0: 3a20 4578 616d 706c 6520 7573 6167 6520 : Example usage \n-0000a8c0: 6f66 2056 6964 656f 2041 5049 2c20 2055 of Video API, U\n-0000a8d0: 703a 2056 6964 656f 2053 7562 7379 7374 p: Video Subsyst\n-0000a8e0: 656d 0a0a 3130 2e31 2056 6964 656f 2041 em..10.1 Video A\n-0000a8f0: 5049 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d PI.=============\n-0000a900: 3d0a 0a31 302e 312e 3120 6772 7562 5f76 =..10.1.1 grub_v\n-0000a910: 6964 656f 5f73 6574 7570 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ideo_setup.-----\n+0000a460: 2d2d 2d0a 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ---.0 \n+0000a470: 3078 3130 3030 202d 2031 2020 2020 2020 0x1000 - 1 \n+0000a480: 2020 2042 494f 5320 616e 6420 7265 616c BIOS and real\n+0000a490: 206d 6f64 6520 696e 7465 7272 7570 7473 mode interrupts\n+0000a4a0: 0a30 7830 3742 4520 2020 2020 2030 7830 .0x07BE 0x0\n+0000a4b0: 3746 4620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7FF \n+0000a4c0: 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 Partition table \n+0000a4d0: 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 616e 6f74 6865 passed to anothe\n+0000a4e0: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n+0000a4f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000a500: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a3f 2020 boot loader.? \n+0000a510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 7832 3030 3020 0x2000 \n+0000a520: 2d20 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 616c - 1 Real\n+0000a530: 206d 6f64 6520 7374 6163 6b0a 3078 3743 mode stack.0x7C\n+0000a540: 3030 2020 2020 2020 3078 3744 3030 202d 00 0x7D00 -\n+0000a550: 2031 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 7420 1 Boot \n+0000a560: 7365 6374 6f72 0a30 7838 3030 3020 2020 sector.0x8000 \n+0000a570: 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----------------\n-0000a930: 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 --.. * Prototy\n-0000a940: 7065 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 pe:. gr\n-0000a950: 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ub_err_t. \n-0000a960: 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 grub_video_se\n-0000a970: 7475 7020 2875 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e tup (unsigned in\n-0000a980: 7420 7769 6474 682c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 t width, unsigne\n-0000a990: 6420 696e 7420 6865 6967 6874 2c20 756e d int height, un\n-0000a9a0: 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 206d 6f64 655f signed int mode_\n-0000a9b0: 7479 7065 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 type);. * Desc\n-0000a9c0: 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2044 ription:.. D\n-0000a9d0: 7269 7665 7220 7769 6c6c 2075 7365 2069 river will use i\n-0000a9e0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2070 726f 7669 nformation provi\n-0000a9f0: 6465 6420 746f 2069 7420 746f 2073 656c ded to it to sel\n-0000aa00: 6563 7420 6265 7374 2070 6f73 7369 626c ect best possibl\n-0000aa10: 650a 2020 2020 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 e. video mod\n-0000aa20: 6520 616e 6420 7377 6974 6368 2074 6f20 e and switch to \n-0000aa30: 6974 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 2076 it. Supported v\n-0000aa40: 616c 7565 7320 666f 7220 276d 6f64 655f alues for 'mode_\n-0000aa50: 7479 7065 2720 6172 650a 2020 2020 2027 type' are. '\n-0000aa60: 4752 5542 5f56 4944 454f 5f4d 4f44 455f GRUB_VIDEO_MODE_\n-0000aa70: 5459 5045 5f49 4e44 4558 5f43 4f4c 4f52 TYPE_INDEX_COLOR\n-0000aa80: 2720 666f 7220 696e 6465 7820 636f 6c6f ' for index colo\n-0000aa90: 7220 6d6f 6465 732c 0a20 2020 2020 2747 r modes,. 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Whe\n-0000ab70: 6e20 7265 7175 6573 7469 6e67 2049 6e64 n requesting Ind\n-0000ab80: 6578 2063 6f6c 6f72 206d 6f64 652c 206d ex color mode, m\n-0000ab90: 6f64 6520 7769 7468 2068 6967 6865 7374 ode with highest\n-0000aba0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 number of. \n-0000abb0: 636f 6c6f 7273 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 colors will be s\n-0000abc0: 656c 6563 7465 642e 2020 4966 2061 6c6c elected. 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How \n-0000b2e0: 6d61 6e79 2062 7974 6573 2074 6865 7265 many bytes there\n-0000b2f0: 2061 7265 2066 6f72 2073 6361 6e6c 696e are for scanlin\n-0000b300: 652e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. */. \n-0000b310: 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 unsigned int \n-0000b320: 7069 7463 683b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 pitch;. \n-0000b330: 2020 202f 2a20 496e 2069 6e64 6578 2063 /* In index c\n-0000b340: 6f6c 6f72 206d 6f64 652c 206e 756d 6265 olor mode, numbe\n-0000b350: 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 496e r of colors. In\n-0000b360: 2052 4742 206d 6f64 6520 7468 6973 2069 RGB mode this i\n-0000b370: 7320 3235 362e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 s 256. */. \n-0000b380: 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 unsigned \n-0000b390: 696e 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 5f6f 665f 636f int number_of_co\n-0000b3a0: 6c6f 7273 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lors;. \n-0000b3b0: 2020 2f2a 204f 7074 696d 697a 6174 696f /* Optimizatio\n-0000b3c0: 6e20 6869 6e74 2068 6f77 2062 696e 6172 n hint how binar\n-0000b3d0: 7920 6461 7461 2069 7320 636f 6465 642e y data is coded.\n-0000b3e0: 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 */. \n-0000b3f0: 2065 6e75 6d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f enum grub_video\n-0000b400: 5f62 6c69 745f 666f 726d 6174 2062 6c69 _blit_format bli\n-0000b410: 745f 666f 726d 6174 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 t_format;. \n-0000b420: 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2048 6f77 206d 616e /* How man\n-0000b430: 7920 6269 7473 2061 7265 2072 6573 6572 y bits are reser\n-0000b440: 7665 6420 666f 7220 7265 6420 636f 6c6f ved for red colo\n-0000b450: 722e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. */. \n-0000b460: 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 unsigned int \n-0000b470: 7265 645f 6d61 736b 5f73 697a 653b 0a20 red_mask_size;. \n-0000b480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 5768 /* Wh\n-0000b490: 6174 2069 7320 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f at is location o\n-0000b4a0: 6620 7265 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 6269 7473 f red color bits\n-0000b4b0: 2e20 2049 6e20 496e 6465 7820 436f 6c6f . In Index Colo\n-0000b4c0: 7220 6d6f 6465 2c20 7468 6973 2069 7320 r mode, this is \n-0000b4d0: 302e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 0. */. \n-0000b4e0: 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 unsigned int \n-0000b4f0: 7265 645f 6669 656c 645f 706f 733b 0a20 red_field_pos;. \n-0000b500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 486f /* Ho\n-0000b510: 7720 6d61 6e79 2062 6974 7320 6172 6520 w many bits are \n-0000b520: 7265 7365 7276 6564 2066 6f72 2067 7265 reserved for gre\n-0000b530: 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 en color. */. \n-0000b540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e unsign\n-0000b550: 6564 2069 6e74 2067 7265 656e 5f6d 6173 ed int green_mas\n-0000b560: 6b5f 7369 7a65 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 k_size;. \n-0000b570: 2020 2020 2f2a 2057 6861 7420 6973 206c /* What is l\n-0000b580: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2067 7265 656e ocation of green\n-0000b590: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2062 6974 732e 2020 496e color bits. In\n-0000b5a0: 2049 6e64 6578 2043 6f6c 6f72 206d 6f64 Index Color mod\n-0000b5b0: 652c 2074 6869 7320 6973 2030 2e20 202a e, this is 0. *\n-0000b5c0: 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e /. un\n-0000b5d0: 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2067 7265 656e signed int green\n-0000b5e0: 5f66 6965 6c64 5f70 6f73 3b0a 2020 2020 _field_pos;. \n-0000b5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2048 6f77 206d /* How m\n-0000b600: 616e 7920 6269 7473 2061 7265 2072 6573 any bits are res\n-0000b610: 6572 7665 6420 666f 7220 626c 7565 2063 erved for blue c\n-0000b620: 6f6c 6f72 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 olor. */. \n-0000b630: 2020 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 unsigned i\n-0000b640: 6e74 2062 6c75 655f 6d61 736b 5f73 697a nt blue_mask_siz\n-0000b650: 653b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f e;. /\n-0000b660: 2a20 5768 6174 2069 7320 6c6f 6361 7469 * What is locati\n-0000b670: 6f6e 206f 6620 626c 7565 2063 6f6c 6f72 on of blue color\n-0000b680: 2062 6974 732e 2020 496e 2049 6e64 6578 bits. In Index\n-0000b690: 2043 6f6c 6f72 206d 6f64 652c 2074 6869 Color mode, thi\n-0000b6a0: 7320 6973 2030 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 s is 0. */. \n-0000b6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 unsigned\n-0000b6c0: 2069 6e74 2062 6c75 655f 6669 656c 645f int blue_field_\n-0000b6d0: 706f 733b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 pos;. \n-0000b6e0: 202f 2a20 486f 7720 6d61 6e79 2062 6974 /* How many bit\n-0000b6f0: 7320 6172 6520 7265 7365 7276 6564 2069 s are reserved i\n-0000b700: 6e20 636f 6c6f 722e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 n color. */. \n-0000b710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 unsigne\n-0000b720: 6420 696e 7420 7265 7365 7276 6564 5f6d d int reserved_m\n-0000b730: 6173 6b5f 7369 7a65 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 ask_size;. \n-0000b740: 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2057 6861 7420 6973 /* What is\n-0000b750: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2072 6573 location of res\n-0000b760: 6572 7665 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 6269 7473 erved color bits\n-0000b770: 2e20 2049 6e20 496e 6465 7820 436f 6c6f . In Index Colo\n-0000b780: 7220 6d6f 6465 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 r mode,. \n-0000b790: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 6973 2030 this is 0\n-0000b7a0: 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . */. \n-0000b7b0: 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2072 unsigned int r\n-0000b7c0: 6573 6572 7665 645f 6669 656c 645f 706f eserved_field_po\n-0000b7d0: 733b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 207d 3b0a s;. };.\n-0000b7e0: 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e * Description\n-0000b7f0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 536f 6674 7761 7265 :.. Software\n-0000b800: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 2063 616e 2075 developer can u\n-0000b810: 7365 2074 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e se this function\n-0000b820: 2074 6f20 7175 6572 7920 7072 6f70 6572 to query proper\n-0000b830: 7469 6573 206f 660a 2020 2020 2061 6374 ties of. act\n-0000b840: 6976 6520 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7461 ive rendering ta\n-0000b850: 6765 742e 2020 496e 666f 726d 6174 696f get. Informatio\n-0000b860: 6e20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2068 6572 6520 n provided here \n-0000b870: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 6279 0a20 can be used by. \n-0000b880: 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7220 7061 7274 7320 other parts \n-0000b890: 6f66 2047 5255 422c 206c 696b 6520 696d of GRUB, like im\n-0000b8a0: 6167 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 746f 2063 age loaders to c\n-0000b8b0: 6f6e 7665 7274 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696d onvert loaded im\n-0000b8c0: 6167 6573 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 ages to. cor\n-0000b8d0: 7265 6374 2073 6372 6565 6e20 666f 726d rect screen form\n-0000b8e0: 6174 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 6d6f 7265 at to allow more\n-0000b8f0: 206f 7074 696d 697a 6564 2062 6c69 7474 optimized blitt\n-0000b900: 6572 7320 746f 2062 6520 7573 6564 2e0a ers to be used..\n-0000b910: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 7468 If there th\n-0000b920: 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 ere is no config\n-0000b930: 7572 6564 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 7665 ured video drive\n-0000b940: 7220 7769 7468 2061 6374 6976 6520 7363 r with active sc\n-0000b950: 7265 656e 2c0a 2020 2020 2065 7272 6f72 reen,. error\n-0000b960: 2027 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f42 4144 5f44 'GRUB_ERR_BAD_D\n-0000b970: 4556 4943 4527 2069 7320 7265 7475 726e EVICE' is return\n-0000b980: 6564 2c20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 276d ed, otherwise 'm\n-0000b990: 6f64 655f 696e 666f 2720 6973 0a20 2020 ode_info' is. \n-0000b9a0: 2020 6669 6c6c 6564 2077 6974 6820 7661 filled with va\n-0000b9b0: 6c69 6420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 lid information \n-0000b9c0: 616e 6420 2747 5255 425f 4552 525f 4e4f and 'GRUB_ERR_NO\n-0000b9d0: 4e45 2720 6973 2072 6574 7572 6e65 642e NE' is returned.\n-0000b9e0: 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e34 2067 7275 625f 7669 ..10.1.4 grub_vi\n-0000b9f0: 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 626c 6974 5f66 6f72 deo_get_blit_for\n-0000ba00: 6d61 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mat.------------\n+0000a930: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f ----.. * Proto\n+0000a940: 7479 7065 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 type:. \n+0000a950: 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 grub_err_t. \n+0000a960: 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f grub_video_\n+0000a970: 7365 7475 7020 2875 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 setup (unsigned \n+0000a980: 696e 7420 7769 6474 682c 2075 6e73 6967 int width, unsig\n+0000a990: 6e65 6420 696e 7420 6865 6967 6874 2c20 ned int height, \n+0000a9a0: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 206d 6f64 unsigned int mod\n+0000a9b0: 655f 7479 7065 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 e_type);. * De\n+0000a9c0: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 scription:.. \n+0000a9d0: 2044 7269 7665 7220 7769 6c6c 2075 7365 Driver will use\n+0000a9e0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2070 726f information pro\n+0000a9f0: 7669 6465 6420 746f 2069 7420 746f 2073 vided to it to s\n+0000aa00: 656c 6563 7420 6265 7374 2070 6f73 7369 elect best possi\n+0000aa10: 626c 650a 2020 2020 2076 6964 656f 206d ble. video m\n+0000aa20: 6f64 6520 616e 6420 7377 6974 6368 2074 ode and switch t\n+0000aa30: 6f20 6974 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 o it. Supported\n+0000aa40: 2076 616c 7565 7320 666f 7220 276d 6f64 values for 'mod\n+0000aa50: 655f 7479 7065 2720 6172 650a 2020 2020 e_type' are. \n+0000aa60: 2027 4752 5542 5f56 4944 454f 5f4d 4f44 'GRUB_VIDEO_MOD\n+0000aa70: 455f 5459 5045 5f49 4e44 4558 5f43 4f4c E_TYPE_INDEX_COL\n+0000aa80: 4f52 2720 666f 7220 696e 6465 7820 636f OR' for index co\n+0000aa90: 6c6f 7220 6d6f 6465 732c 0a20 2020 2020 lor modes,. \n+0000aaa0: 2747 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 4d4f 4445 'GRUB_VIDEO_MODE\n+0000aab0: 5f54 5950 455f 5247 4227 2066 6f72 2064 _TYPE_RGB' for d\n+0000aac0: 6972 6563 7420 5247 4220 636f 6c6f 7220 irect RGB color \n+0000aad0: 6d6f 6465 7320 616e 640a 2020 2020 2027 modes and. '\n+0000aae0: 4752 5542 5f56 4944 454f 5f4d 4f44 455f GRUB_VIDEO_MODE_\n+0000aaf0: 5459 5045 5f44 4f55 424c 455f 4255 4646 TYPE_DOUBLE_BUFF\n+0000ab00: 4552 4544 2720 666f 7220 646f 7562 6c65 ERED' for double\n+0000ab10: 2062 7566 6665 7269 6e67 2e20 2057 6865 buffering. Whe\n+0000ab20: 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 6571 7565 7374 696e n. requestin\n+0000ab30: 6720 5247 4220 6d6f 6465 2c20 6869 6768 g RGB mode, high\n+0000ab40: 6573 7420 6269 7473 2070 6572 2070 6978 est bits per pix\n+0000ab50: 656c 206d 6f64 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 el mode will be \n+0000ab60: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 2057 selected.. W\n+0000ab70: 6865 6e20 7265 7175 6573 7469 6e67 2049 hen requesting I\n+0000ab80: 6e64 6578 2063 6f6c 6f72 206d 6f64 652c ndex color mode,\n+0000ab90: 206d 6f64 6520 7769 7468 2068 6967 6865 mode with highe\n+0000aba0: 7374 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 st number of. \n+0000abb0: 2020 636f 6c6f 7273 2077 696c 6c20 6265 colors will be\n+0000abc0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 642e 2020 4966 2061 selected. If a\n+0000abd0: 6c6c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 ll parameters ar\n+0000abe0: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 207a e specified as z\n+0000abf0: 6572 6f2c 0a20 2020 2020 7669 6465 6f20 ero,. video \n+0000ac00: 6164 6170 7465 7220 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 adapter will try\n+0000ac10: 2074 6f20 6669 6775 7265 206f 7574 2062 to figure out b\n+0000ac20: 6573 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 206d 6f64 est possible mod\n+0000ac30: 6520 616e 640a 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7469 e and. initi\n+0000ac40: 616c 697a 6520 6974 2c20 706c 6174 666f alize it, platfo\n+0000ac50: 726d 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 6469 6666 rm specific diff\n+0000ac60: 6572 656e 6365 7320 6172 6520 616c 6c6f erences are allo\n+0000ac70: 7765 6420 6865 7265 2e20 2049 660a 2020 wed here. If. \n+0000ac80: 2020 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 206d there is no m\n+0000ac90: 6f64 6520 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2072 6571 ode matching req\n+0000aca0: 7565 7374 2c20 6572 726f 7220 5820 7769 uest, error X wi\n+0000acb0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 7475 726e 6564 2e20 ll be returned. \n+0000acc0: 2049 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 7265 2061 If. there a\n+0000acd0: 7265 206e 6f20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 re no problems, \n+0000ace0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 7572 6e73 function returns\n+0000acf0: 2027 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4527 'GRUB_ERR_NONE'\n+0000ad00: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e ... This fun\n+0000ad10: 6374 696f 6e20 616c 736f 2070 6572 666f ction also perfo\n+0000ad20: 726d 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7461 rms following ta\n+0000ad30: 736b 2075 706f 6e20 7375 6363 6573 6675 sk upon succesfu\n+0000ad40: 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 7377 6974 l mode. swit\n+0000ad50: 6368 2e20 2041 6374 6976 6520 7265 6e64 ch. Active rend\n+0000ad60: 6572 696e 6720 7461 7267 6574 2069 7320 ering target is \n+0000ad70: 6368 616e 6765 6420 746f 2073 6372 6565 changed to scree\n+0000ad80: 6e20 616e 6420 7669 6577 706f 7274 0a20 n and viewport. \n+0000ad90: 2020 2020 6973 206d 6178 696d 697a 6564 is maximized\n+0000ada0: 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7768 6f6c 6520 to allow whole \n+0000adb0: 7363 7265 656e 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 screen to be use\n+0000adc0: 6420 7768 656e 2070 6572 666f 726d 696e d when performin\n+0000add0: 670a 2020 2020 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 g. graphics \n+0000ade0: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 2049 6e20 operations. In \n+0000adf0: 5247 4220 6d6f 6465 732c 2065 6d75 6c61 RGB modes, emula\n+0000ae00: 7465 6420 7061 6c65 7474 6520 6765 7473 ted palette gets\n+0000ae10: 2031 360a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 16. entries\n+0000ae20: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 6465 6661 containing defa\n+0000ae30: 756c 7420 7661 6c75 6573 2066 6f72 2056 ult values for V\n+0000ae40: 4741 2070 616c 6574 7465 2c20 6f74 6865 GA palette, othe\n+0000ae50: 7220 636f 6c6f 7273 2061 7265 0a20 2020 r colors are. \n+0000ae60: 2020 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6173 2062 6c61 defined as bla\n+0000ae70: 636b 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7377 6974 6368 ck. When switch\n+0000ae80: 696e 6720 746f 2049 6e64 6578 6564 2043 ing to Indexed C\n+0000ae90: 6f6c 6f72 206d 6f64 652c 2064 7269 7665 olor mode, drive\n+0000aea0: 7220 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2064 r may. set d\n+0000aeb0: 6566 6175 6c74 2056 4741 2070 616c 6574 efault VGA palet\n+0000aec0: 7465 2074 6f20 7363 7265 656e 2069 6620 te to screen if \n+0000aed0: 7468 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6361 7264 2061 the video card a\n+0000aee0: 6c6c 6f77 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 206f llows the. o\n+0000aef0: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e peration...10.1.\n+0000af00: 3220 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f72 6573 2 grub_video_res\n+0000af10: 746f 7265 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tore.-----------\n+0000af20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0000af30: 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a * Prototype:.\n+0000af40: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f . grub_\n+0000af50: 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 err_t. \n+0000af60: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f72 6573 746f grub_video_resto\n+0000af70: 7265 2028 766f 6964 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 re (void);. * \n+0000af80: 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 Description:.. \n+0000af90: 2020 2056 6964 656f 2073 7562 7379 7374 Video subsyst\n+0000afa0: 656d 2077 696c 6c20 6465 696e 6974 6961 em will deinitia\n+0000afb0: 6c69 7a65 2061 6374 6976 6174 6564 2076 lize activated v\n+0000afc0: 6964 656f 2064 7269 7665 7220 746f 2072 ideo driver to r\n+0000afd0: 6573 746f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6f6c 6420 estore. old \n+0000afe0: 7374 6174 6520 6f66 2076 6964 656f 2064 state of video d\n+0000aff0: 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 6973 2063 616e evice. This can\n+0000b000: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7377 6974 be used to swit\n+0000b010: 6368 2062 6163 6b20 746f 2074 6578 740a ch back to text.\n+0000b020: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 3130 2e31 mode...10.1\n+0000b030: 2e33 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 .3 grub_video_ge\n+0000b040: 745f 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_info.---------\n+0000b050: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0000b060: 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 -.. * Prototyp\n+0000b070: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 e:.. gr\n+0000b080: 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ub_err_t. \n+0000b090: 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 grub_video_ge\n+0000b0a0: 745f 696e 666f 2028 7374 7275 6374 2067 t_info (struct g\n+0000b0b0: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d6f 6465 5f69 rub_video_mode_i\n+0000b0c0: 6e66 6f20 2a6d 6f64 655f 696e 666f 293b nfo *mode_info);\n+0000b0d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 . struc\n+0000b0e0: 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f6d 6f64 t grub_video_mod\n+0000b0f0: 655f 696e 666f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e_info. \n+0000b100: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f {. /\n+0000b110: 2a20 5769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2073 * Width of the s\n+0000b120: 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 creen. */. \n+0000b130: 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 unsigned \n+0000b140: 696e 7420 7769 6474 683b 0a20 2020 2020 int width;. \n+0000b150: 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 4865 6967 6874 /* Height\n+0000b160: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e20 of the screen. \n+0000b170: 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 */. \n+0000b180: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2068 6569 unsigned int hei\n+0000b190: 6768 743b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ght;. \n+0000b1a0: 202f 2a20 4d6f 6465 2074 7970 6520 6269 /* Mode type bi\n+0000b1b0: 746d 6173 6b2e 2020 436f 6e74 6169 6e73 tmask. Contains\n+0000b1c0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206c 696b information lik\n+0000b1d0: 6520 6973 2069 7420 496e 6465 7820 636f e is it Index co\n+0000b1e0: 6c6f 7220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lor or. \n+0000b1f0: 2020 2020 2020 5247 4220 6d6f 6465 2e20 RGB mode. \n+0000b200: 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 */. \n+0000b210: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 206d 6f64 unsigned int mod\n+0000b220: 655f 7479 7065 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e_type;. \n+0000b230: 2020 2020 2f2a 2042 6974 7320 7065 7220 /* Bits per \n+0000b240: 7069 7865 6c2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 pixel. */. \n+0000b250: 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 unsigned \n+0000b260: 696e 7420 6270 703b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 int bpp;. \n+0000b270: 2020 2020 202f 2a20 4279 7465 7320 7065 /* Bytes pe\n+0000b280: 7220 7069 7865 6c2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 r pixel. */. \n+0000b290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 unsigne\n+0000b2a0: 6420 696e 7420 6279 7465 735f 7065 725f d int bytes_per_\n+0000b2b0: 7069 7865 6c3b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 pixel;. \n+0000b2c0: 2020 202f 2a20 5069 7463 6820 6f66 206f /* Pitch of o\n+0000b2d0: 6e65 2073 6361 6e6c 696e 652e 2020 486f ne scanline. Ho\n+0000b2e0: 7720 6d61 6e79 2062 7974 6573 2074 6865 w many bytes the\n+0000b2f0: 7265 2061 7265 2066 6f72 2073 6361 6e6c re are for scanl\n+0000b300: 696e 652e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ine. */. \n+0000b310: 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e unsigned in\n+0000b320: 7420 7069 7463 683b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t pitch;. \n+0000b330: 2020 2020 202f 2a20 496e 2069 6e64 6578 /* In index\n+0000b340: 2063 6f6c 6f72 206d 6f64 652c 206e 756d color mode, num\n+0000b350: 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 ber of colors. \n+0000b360: 496e 2052 4742 206d 6f64 6520 7468 6973 In RGB mode this\n+0000b370: 2069 7320 3235 362e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 is 256. */. \n+0000b380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 unsigne\n+0000b390: 6420 696e 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 5f6f 665f d int number_of_\n+0000b3a0: 636f 6c6f 7273 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 colors;. \n+0000b3b0: 2020 2020 2f2a 204f 7074 696d 697a 6174 /* Optimizat\n+0000b3c0: 696f 6e20 6869 6e74 2068 6f77 2062 696e ion hint how bin\n+0000b3d0: 6172 7920 6461 7461 2069 7320 636f 6465 ary data is code\n+0000b3e0: 642e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. */. \n+0000b3f0: 2020 2065 6e75 6d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 enum grub_vid\n+0000b400: 656f 5f62 6c69 745f 666f 726d 6174 2062 eo_blit_format b\n+0000b410: 6c69 745f 666f 726d 6174 3b0a 2020 2020 lit_format;. \n+0000b420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2048 6f77 206d /* How m\n+0000b430: 616e 7920 6269 7473 2061 7265 2072 6573 any bits are res\n+0000b440: 6572 7665 6420 666f 7220 7265 6420 636f erved for red co\n+0000b450: 6c6f 722e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 lor. */. \n+0000b460: 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e unsigned in\n+0000b470: 7420 7265 645f 6d61 736b 5f73 697a 653b t red_mask_size;\n+0000b480: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 . /* \n+0000b490: 5768 6174 2069 7320 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e What is location\n+0000b4a0: 206f 6620 7265 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 6269 of red color bi\n+0000b4b0: 7473 2e20 2049 6e20 496e 6465 7820 436f ts. In Index Co\n+0000b4c0: 6c6f 7220 6d6f 6465 2c20 7468 6973 2069 lor mode, this i\n+0000b4d0: 7320 302e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 s 0. */. \n+0000b4e0: 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e unsigned in\n+0000b4f0: 7420 7265 645f 6669 656c 645f 706f 733b t red_field_pos;\n+0000b500: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 . /* \n+0000b510: 486f 7720 6d61 6e79 2062 6974 7320 6172 How many bits ar\n+0000b520: 6520 7265 7365 7276 6564 2066 6f72 2067 e reserved for g\n+0000b530: 7265 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 2e20 202a 2f0a reen color. */.\n+0000b540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7369 unsi\n+0000b550: 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2067 7265 656e 5f6d gned int green_m\n+0000b560: 6173 6b5f 7369 7a65 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 ask_size;. \n+0000b570: 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2057 6861 7420 6973 /* What is\n+0000b580: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2067 7265 location of gre\n+0000b590: 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 2062 6974 732e 2020 en color bits. \n+0000b5a0: 496e 2049 6e64 6578 2043 6f6c 6f72 206d In Index Color m\n+0000b5b0: 6f64 652c 2074 6869 7320 6973 2030 2e20 ode, this is 0. \n+0000b5c0: 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 */. \n+0000b5d0: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2067 7265 unsigned int gre\n+0000b5e0: 656e 5f66 6965 6c64 5f70 6f73 3b0a 2020 en_field_pos;. \n+0000b5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2048 6f77 /* How\n+0000b600: 206d 616e 7920 6269 7473 2061 7265 2072 many bits are r\n+0000b610: 6573 6572 7665 6420 666f 7220 626c 7565 eserved for blue\n+0000b620: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 color. */. \n+0000b630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 unsigned\n+0000b640: 2069 6e74 2062 6c75 655f 6d61 736b 5f73 int blue_mask_s\n+0000b650: 697a 653b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ize;. \n+0000b660: 202f 2a20 5768 6174 2069 7320 6c6f 6361 /* What is loca\n+0000b670: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 626c 7565 2063 6f6c tion of blue col\n+0000b680: 6f72 2062 6974 732e 2020 496e 2049 6e64 or bits. In Ind\n+0000b690: 6578 2043 6f6c 6f72 206d 6f64 652c 2074 ex Color mode, t\n+0000b6a0: 6869 7320 6973 2030 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 his is 0. */. \n+0000b6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e unsign\n+0000b6c0: 6564 2069 6e74 2062 6c75 655f 6669 656c ed int blue_fiel\n+0000b6d0: 645f 706f 733b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 d_pos;. \n+0000b6e0: 2020 202f 2a20 486f 7720 6d61 6e79 2062 /* How many b\n+0000b6f0: 6974 7320 6172 6520 7265 7365 7276 6564 its are reserved\n+0000b700: 2069 6e20 636f 6c6f 722e 2020 2a2f 0a20 in color. */. \n+0000b710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 unsig\n+0000b720: 6e65 6420 696e 7420 7265 7365 7276 6564 ned int reserved\n+0000b730: 5f6d 6173 6b5f 7369 7a65 3b0a 2020 2020 _mask_size;. \n+0000b740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2057 6861 7420 /* What \n+0000b750: 6973 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2072 is location of r\n+0000b760: 6573 6572 7665 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 6269 eserved color bi\n+0000b770: 7473 2e20 2049 6e20 496e 6465 7820 436f ts. In Index Co\n+0000b780: 6c6f 7220 6d6f 6465 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 lor mode,. \n+0000b790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 6973 this is\n+0000b7a0: 2030 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 0. */. \n+0000b7b0: 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 unsigned int\n+0000b7c0: 2072 6573 6572 7665 645f 6669 656c 645f reserved_field_\n+0000b7d0: 706f 733b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 207d pos;. }\n+0000b7e0: 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 ;. * Descripti\n+0000b7f0: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 536f 6674 7761 on:.. Softwa\n+0000b800: 7265 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 2063 616e re developer can\n+0000b810: 2075 7365 2074 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 use this functi\n+0000b820: 6f6e 2074 6f20 7175 6572 7920 7072 6f70 on to query prop\n+0000b830: 6572 7469 6573 206f 660a 2020 2020 2061 erties of. a\n+0000b840: 6374 6976 6520 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 ctive rendering \n+0000b850: 7461 6765 742e 2020 496e 666f 726d 6174 taget. Informat\n+0000b860: 696f 6e20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2068 6572 ion provided her\n+0000b870: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 6279 e can be used by\n+0000b880: 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7220 7061 7274 . other part\n+0000b890: 7320 6f66 2047 5255 422c 206c 696b 6520 s of GRUB, like \n+0000b8a0: 696d 6167 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 746f image loaders to\n+0000b8b0: 2063 6f6e 7665 7274 206c 6f61 6465 6420 convert loaded \n+0000b8c0: 696d 6167 6573 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2063 images to. c\n+0000b8d0: 6f72 7265 6374 2073 6372 6565 6e20 666f orrect screen fo\n+0000b8e0: 726d 6174 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 6d6f rmat to allow mo\n+0000b8f0: 7265 206f 7074 696d 697a 6564 2062 6c69 re optimized bli\n+0000b900: 7474 6572 7320 746f 2062 6520 7573 6564 tters to be used\n+0000b910: 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 .. If there \n+0000b920: 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 636f 6e66 there is no conf\n+0000b930: 6967 7572 6564 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 igured video dri\n+0000b940: 7665 7220 7769 7468 2061 6374 6976 6520 ver with active \n+0000b950: 7363 7265 656e 2c0a 2020 2020 2065 7272 screen,. err\n+0000b960: 6f72 2027 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f42 4144 or 'GRUB_ERR_BAD\n+0000b970: 5f44 4556 4943 4527 2069 7320 7265 7475 _DEVICE' is retu\n+0000b980: 726e 6564 2c20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 rned, otherwise \n+0000b990: 276d 6f64 655f 696e 666f 2720 6973 0a20 'mode_info' is. \n+0000b9a0: 2020 2020 6669 6c6c 6564 2077 6974 6820 filled with \n+0000b9b0: 7661 6c69 6420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f valid informatio\n+0000b9c0: 6e20 616e 6420 2747 5255 425f 4552 525f n and 'GRUB_ERR_\n+0000b9d0: 4e4f 4e45 2720 6973 2072 6574 7572 6e65 NONE' is returne\n+0000b9e0: 642e 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e34 2067 7275 625f d...10.1.4 grub_\n+0000b9f0: 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 626c 6974 5f66 video_get_blit_f\n+0000ba00: 6f72 6d61 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ormat.----------\n 0000ba10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000ba20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 -----.. * Prot\n-0000ba30: 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 otype:.. \n-0000ba40: 2020 656e 756d 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 enum grub_vide\n-0000ba50: 6f5f 626c 6974 5f66 6f72 6d61 740a 2020 o_blit_format. \n-0000ba60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 grub_vid\n-0000ba70: 656f 5f67 6574 5f62 6c69 745f 666f 726d eo_get_blit_form\n-0000ba80: 6174 2028 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f at (struct grub_\n-0000ba90: 7669 6465 6f5f 6d6f 6465 5f69 6e66 6f20 video_mode_info \n-0000baa0: 2a6d 6f64 655f 696e 666f 293b 0a20 2020 *mode_info);. \n-0000bab0: 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e75 6d20 6772 7562 enum grub\n-0000bac0: 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6c69 745f 666f 726d _video_blit_form\n-0000bad0: 6174 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 207b at. {\n-0000bae0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f . /\n-0000baf0: 2a20 466f 6c6c 6f77 2065 7861 6374 6c79 * Follow exactly\n-0000bb00: 2066 6965 6c64 2026 206d 6173 6b20 696e field & mask in\n-0000bb10: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 formation. */. \n-0000bb20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 GRU\n-0000bb30: 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 424c 4954 5f46 4f52 B_VIDEO_BLIT_FOR\n-0000bb40: 4d41 545f 5247 4241 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 MAT_RGBA,. \n-0000bb50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 204d 616b 6520 /* Make \n-0000bb60: 6f70 7469 6d69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2061 7373 optimization ass\n-0000bb70: 756d 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 umption. */. \n-0000bb80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f GRUB_\n-0000bb90: 5649 4445 4f5f 424c 4954 5f46 4f52 4d41 VIDEO_BLIT_FORMA\n-0000bba0: 545f 5238 4738 4238 4138 2c0a 2020 2020 T_R8G8B8A8,. \n-0000bbb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2046 6f6c /* Fol\n-0000bbc0: 6c6f 7720 6578 6163 746c 7920 6669 656c low exactly fiel\n-0000bbd0: 6420 2620 6d61 736b 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 d & mask informa\n-0000bbe0: 7469 6f6e 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 tion. */. \n-0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f56 4944 GRUB_VID\n-0000bc00: 454f 5f42 4c49 545f 464f 524d 4154 5f52 EO_BLIT_FORMAT_R\n-0000bc10: 4742 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 GB,. \n-0000bc20: 2020 2f2a 204d 616b 6520 6f70 7469 6d69 /* Make optimi\n-0000bc30: 7a61 7469 6f6e 2061 7373 756d 7074 696f zation assumptio\n-0000bc40: 6e2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. */. \n-0000bc50: 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f GRUB_VIDEO_\n-0000bc60: 424c 4954 5f46 4f52 4d41 545f 5238 4738 BLIT_FORMAT_R8G8\n-0000bc70: 4238 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 B8,. \n-0000bc80: 2020 2f2a 2057 6865 6e20 6e65 6564 6564 /* When needed\n-0000bc90: 2c20 6465 636f 6465 2063 6f6c 6f72 206f , decode color o\n-0000bca0: 7220 6a75 7374 2075 7365 2076 616c 7565 r just use value\n-0000bcb0: 2061 7320 6973 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 as is. */. \n-0000bcc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f56 GRUB_V\n-0000bcd0: 4944 454f 5f42 4c49 545f 464f 524d 4154 IDEO_BLIT_FORMAT\n-0000bce0: 5f49 4e44 4558 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7473 2c20 7573 650a 2020 2020 2027 mats, use. '\n-0000bde0: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 6574 5f69 grub_video_get_i\n-0000bdf0: 6e66 6f27 2074 6f20 7175 6572 7920 7669 nfo' to query vi\n-0000be00: 6465 6f20 636f 6c6f 7220 636f 6469 6e67 deo color coding\n-0000be10: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 732e 0a0a 3130 2e31 settings...10.1\n-0000be20: 2e35 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 .5 grub_video_se\n-0000be30: 745f 7061 6c65 7474 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_palette.------\n+0000ba20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 -------.. * Pr\n+0000ba30: 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 ototype:.. \n+0000ba40: 2020 2020 656e 756d 2067 7275 625f 7669 enum grub_vi\n+0000ba50: 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 5f66 6f72 6d61 740a deo_blit_format.\n+0000ba60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 grub_v\n+0000ba70: 6964 656f 5f67 6574 5f62 6c69 745f 666f ideo_get_blit_fo\n+0000ba80: 726d 6174 2028 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 rmat (struct gru\n+0000ba90: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d6f 6465 5f69 6e66 b_video_mode_inf\n+0000baa0: 6f20 2a6d 6f64 655f 696e 666f 293b 0a20 o *mode_info);. \n+0000bab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e75 6d20 6772 enum gr\n+0000bac0: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6c69 745f 666f ub_video_blit_fo\n+0000bad0: 726d 6174 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rmat. \n+0000bae0: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n+0000baf0: 202f 2a20 466f 6c6c 6f77 2065 7861 6374 /* Follow exact\n+0000bb00: 6c79 2066 6965 6c64 2026 206d 6173 6b20 ly field & mask \n+0000bb10: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 2a2f information. */\n+0000bb20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 . G\n+0000bb30: 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 424c 4954 5f46 RUB_VIDEO_BLIT_F\n+0000bb40: 4f52 4d41 545f 5247 4241 2c0a 2020 2020 ORMAT_RGBA,. \n+0000bb50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 204d 616b /* Mak\n+0000bb60: 6520 6f70 7469 6d69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2061 e optimization a\n+0000bb70: 7373 756d 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 ssumption. */. \n+0000bb80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 GRU\n+0000bb90: 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 424c 4954 5f46 4f52 B_VIDEO_BLIT_FOR\n+0000bba0: 4d41 545f 5238 4738 4238 4138 2c0a 2020 MAT_R8G8B8A8,. \n+0000bbb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2046 /* F\n+0000bbc0: 6f6c 6c6f 7720 6578 6163 746c 7920 6669 ollow exactly fi\n+0000bbd0: 656c 6420 2620 6d61 736b 2069 6e66 6f72 eld & mask infor\n+0000bbe0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 mation. */. \n+0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f56 GRUB_V\n+0000bc00: 4944 454f 5f42 4c49 545f 464f 524d 4154 IDEO_BLIT_FORMAT\n+0000bc10: 5f52 4742 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _RGB,. \n+0000bc20: 2020 2020 2f2a 204d 616b 6520 6f70 7469 /* Make opti\n+0000bc30: 6d69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2061 7373 756d 7074 mization assumpt\n+0000bc40: 696f 6e2e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ion. */. \n+0000bc50: 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 5649 4445 GRUB_VIDE\n+0000bc60: 4f5f 424c 4954 5f46 4f52 4d41 545f 5238 O_BLIT_FORMAT_R8\n+0000bc70: 4738 4238 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 G8B8,. \n+0000bc80: 2020 2020 2f2a 2057 6865 6e20 6e65 6564 /* When need\n+0000bc90: 6564 2c20 6465 636f 6465 2063 6f6c 6f72 ed, decode color\n+0000bca0: 206f 7220 6a75 7374 2075 7365 2076 616c or just use val\n+0000bcb0: 7565 2061 7320 6973 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 ue as is. */. \n+0000bcc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 GRUB\n+0000bcd0: 5f56 4944 454f 5f42 4c49 545f 464f 524d _VIDEO_BLIT_FORM\n+0000bce0: 4154 5f49 4e44 4558 434f 4c4f 520a 2020 AT_INDEXCOLOR. \n+0000bcf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7d3b 0a20 2020 };. \n+0000bd00: 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a * Description:..\n+0000bd10: 2020 2020 2055 7365 6420 746f 2071 7565 Used to que\n+0000bd20: 7279 2068 6f77 2064 6174 6120 636f 756c ry how data coul\n+0000bd30: 6420 6265 206f 7074 696d 697a 6564 2074 d be optimized t\n+0000bd40: 6f20 7375 6974 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 o suit specified\n+0000bd50: 2076 6964 656f 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 video. mode\n+0000bd60: 2e20 2052 6574 7572 6e73 2065 7861 6374 . Returns exact\n+0000bd70: 2076 6964 656f 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 7479 video format ty\n+0000bd80: 7065 2c20 6f72 2061 2067 656e 6572 6963 pe, or a generic\n+0000bd90: 206f 6e65 2069 6620 7468 6572 650a 2020 one if there. \n+0000bda0: 2020 2069 7320 6e6f 2064 6566 696e 6974 is no definit\n+0000bdb0: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 7479 7065 ion for the type\n+0000bdc0: 2e20 2046 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6963 2066 . For generic f\n+0000bdd0: 6f72 6d61 7473 2c20 7573 650a 2020 2020 ormats, use. \n+0000bde0: 2027 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 6574 'grub_video_get\n+0000bdf0: 5f69 6e66 6f27 2074 6f20 7175 6572 7920 _info' to query \n+0000be00: 7669 6465 6f20 636f 6c6f 7220 636f 6469 video color codi\n+0000be10: 6e67 2073 6574 7469 6e67 732e 0a0a 3130 ng settings...10\n+0000be20: 2e31 2e35 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f .1.5 grub_video_\n+0000be30: 7365 745f 7061 6c65 7474 650a 2d2d 2d2d set_palette.----\n 0000be40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000be50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 -------.. * Pr\n-0000be60: 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 ototype:.. \n-0000be70: 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 grub_err_t. \n-0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 grub_vi\n-0000be90: 6465 6f5f 7365 745f 7061 6c65 7474 6520 deo_set_palette \n-0000bea0: 2875 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 7374 (unsigned int st\n-0000beb0: 6172 742c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e art, unsigned in\n-0000bec0: 7420 636f 756e 742c 2073 7472 7563 7420 t count, struct \n-0000bed0: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f70 616c 6574 grub_video_palet\n-0000bee0: 7465 5f64 6174 6120 2a70 616c 6574 7465 te_data *palette\n-0000bef0: 5f64 6174 6129 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _data);. \n-0000bf00: 2020 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 struct grub_vi\n-0000bf10: 6465 6f5f 7061 6c65 7474 655f 6461 7461 deo_palette_data\n-0000bf20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 207b 0a20 2020 . {. \n-0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f grub_\n-0000bf40: 7569 6e74 385f 7420 723b 202f 2a20 5265 uint8_t r; /* Re\n-0000bf50: 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 7661 6c75 6520 2830 d color value (0\n-0000bf60: 2d32 3535 292e 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 -255). */. \n-0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f75 696e grub_uin\n-0000bf80: 7438 5f74 2067 3b20 2f2a 2047 7265 656e t8_t g; /* Green\n-0000bf90: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 2028 302d color value (0-\n-0000bfa0: 3235 3529 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 255). */. \n-0000bfb0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 grub_uint\n-0000bfc0: 385f 7420 623b 202f 2a20 426c 7565 2063 8_t b; /* Blue c\n-0000bfd0: 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 2028 302d 3235 olor value (0-25\n-0000bfe0: 3529 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5). */. \n-0000bff0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 385f grub_uint8_\n-0000c000: 7420 613b 202f 2a20 5265 7365 7276 6564 t a; /* Reserved\n-0000c010: 2062 6974 7320 7661 6c75 6520 2830 2d32 bits value (0-2\n-0000c020: 3535 292e 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 55). */. \n-0000c030: 2020 7d3b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 7269 };. * Descri\n-0000c040: 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 7365 ption:.. Use\n-0000c050: 6420 746f 2073 6574 7570 2069 6e64 6578 d to setup index\n-0000c060: 6564 2063 6f6c 6f72 2070 616c 6574 7465 ed color palette\n-0000c070: 732e 2020 4966 206d 6f64 6520 6973 2052 s. If mode is R\n-0000c080: 4742 206d 6f64 652c 2063 6f6c 6f72 730a GB mode, colors.\n-0000c090: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6574 will be set\n-0000c0a0: 2074 6f20 656d 756c 6174 6564 2070 616c to emulated pal\n-0000c0b0: 6574 7465 2064 6174 612e 2020 496e 2049 ette data. In I\n-0000c0c0: 6e64 6578 6564 2043 6f6c 6f72 206d 6f64 ndexed Color mod\n-0000c0d0: 6573 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 616c 6574 7465 es,. palette\n-0000c0e0: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f s will be set to\n-0000c0f0: 2068 6172 6477 6172 652e 2020 436f 6c6f hardware. Colo\n-0000c100: 7220 7661 6c75 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 r values will be\n-0000c110: 2063 6f6e 7665 7274 6564 0a20 2020 2020 converted. \n-0000c120: 746f 2073 7569 7420 7265 7175 6972 656d to suit requirem\n-0000c130: 656e 7473 206f 6620 7468 6520 7669 6465 ents of the vide\n-0000c140: 6f20 6d6f 6465 2e20 2027 7374 6172 7427 o mode. 'start'\n-0000c150: 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 2077 6861 740a will tell what.\n-0000c160: 2020 2020 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 636f hardware co\n-0000c170: 6c6f 7220 696e 6465 7820 286f 7220 656d lor index (or em\n-0000c180: 756c 6174 6564 2063 6f6c 6f72 2069 6e64 ulated color ind\n-0000c190: 6578 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 ex) will be set \n-0000c1a0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6163 636f 7264 696e to. accordin\n-0000c1b0: 6720 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 696e g information in\n-0000c1c0: 2066 6972 7374 2069 6e64 6963 6520 6f66 first indice of\n-0000c1d0: 2027 7061 6c65 7474 655f 6461 7461 272c 'palette_data',\n-0000c1e0: 2061 6674 6572 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 after that. \n-0000c1f0: 2062 6f74 6820 6861 7264 7761 7265 2063 both hardware c\n-0000c200: 6f6c 6f72 2069 6e64 6578 2061 6e64 2027 olor index and '\n-0000c210: 7061 6c65 7474 655f 6461 7461 2720 696e palette_data' in\n-0000c220: 6465 7820 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 dex will be. \n-0000c230: 2069 6e63 7265 6d65 6e74 6564 2075 6e74 incremented unt\n-0000c240: 696c 2027 636f 756e 7427 206e 756d 6265 il 'count' numbe\n-0000c250: 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 6861 7665 r of colors have\n-0000c260: 2062 6565 6e20 7365 742e 0a0a 3130 2e31 been set...10.1\n-0000c270: 2e36 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 .6 grub_video_ge\n-0000c280: 745f 7061 6c65 7474 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_palette.------\n+0000be50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 ---------.. * \n+0000be60: 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 Prototype:.. \n+0000be70: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 grub_err_t\n+0000be80: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f . grub_\n+0000be90: 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 745f 7061 6c65 7474 video_set_palett\n+0000bea0: 6520 2875 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 e (unsigned int \n+0000beb0: 7374 6172 742c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 start, unsigned \n+0000bec0: 696e 7420 636f 756e 742c 2073 7472 7563 int count, struc\n+0000bed0: 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f70 616c t grub_video_pal\n+0000bee0: 6574 7465 5f64 6174 6120 2a70 616c 6574 ette_data *palet\n+0000bef0: 7465 5f64 6174 6129 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 te_data);. \n+0000bf00: 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f struct grub_\n+0000bf10: 7669 6465 6f5f 7061 6c65 7474 655f 6461 video_palette_da\n+0000bf20: 7461 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 207b 0a20 ta. {. \n+0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 gru\n+0000bf40: 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 723b 202f 2a20 b_uint8_t r; /* \n+0000bf50: 5265 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 7661 6c75 6520 Red color value \n+0000bf60: 2830 2d32 3535 292e 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 (0-255). */. \n+0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f75 grub_u\n+0000bf80: 696e 7438 5f74 2067 3b20 2f2a 2047 7265 int8_t g; /* Gre\n+0000bf90: 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 2028 en color value (\n+0000bfa0: 302d 3235 3529 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 0-255). */. \n+0000bfb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7569 grub_ui\n+0000bfc0: 6e74 385f 7420 623b 202f 2a20 426c 7565 nt8_t b; /* Blue\n+0000bfd0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 2028 302d color value (0-\n+0000bfe0: 3235 3529 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 255). */. \n+0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 grub_uint\n+0000c000: 385f 7420 613b 202f 2a20 5265 7365 7276 8_t a; /* Reserv\n+0000c010: 6564 2062 6974 7320 7661 6c75 6520 2830 ed bits value (0\n+0000c020: 2d32 3535 292e 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 -255). */. \n+0000c030: 2020 2020 7d3b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 };. * Desc\n+0000c040: 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 ription:.. U\n+0000c050: 7365 6420 746f 2073 6574 7570 2069 6e64 sed to setup ind\n+0000c060: 6578 6564 2063 6f6c 6f72 2070 616c 6574 exed color palet\n+0000c070: 7465 732e 2020 4966 206d 6f64 6520 6973 tes. If mode is\n+0000c080: 2052 4742 206d 6f64 652c 2063 6f6c 6f72 RGB mode, color\n+0000c090: 730a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 s. will be s\n+0000c0a0: 6574 2074 6f20 656d 756c 6174 6564 2070 et to emulated p\n+0000c0b0: 616c 6574 7465 2064 6174 612e 2020 496e alette data. In\n+0000c0c0: 2049 6e64 6578 6564 2043 6f6c 6f72 206d Indexed Color m\n+0000c0d0: 6f64 6573 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 616c 6574 odes,. palet\n+0000c0e0: 7465 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 tes will be set \n+0000c0f0: 746f 2068 6172 6477 6172 652e 2020 436f to hardware. Co\n+0000c100: 6c6f 7220 7661 6c75 6573 2077 696c 6c20 lor values will \n+0000c110: 6265 2063 6f6e 7665 7274 6564 0a20 2020 be converted. \n+0000c120: 2020 746f 2073 7569 7420 7265 7175 6972 to suit requir\n+0000c130: 656d 656e 7473 206f 6620 7468 6520 7669 ements of the vi\n+0000c140: 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2e20 2027 7374 6172 deo mode. 'star\n+0000c150: 7427 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 2077 6861 t' will tell wha\n+0000c160: 740a 2020 2020 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 t. hardware \n+0000c170: 636f 6c6f 7220 696e 6465 7820 286f 7220 color index (or \n+0000c180: 656d 756c 6174 6564 2063 6f6c 6f72 2069 emulated color i\n+0000c190: 6e64 6578 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 ndex) will be se\n+0000c1a0: 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6163 636f 7264 t to. accord\n+0000c1b0: 696e 6720 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 ing information \n+0000c1c0: 696e 2066 6972 7374 2069 6e64 6963 6520 in first indice \n+0000c1d0: 6f66 2027 7061 6c65 7474 655f 6461 7461 of 'palette_data\n+0000c1e0: 272c 2061 6674 6572 2074 6861 740a 2020 ', after that. \n+0000c1f0: 2020 2062 6f74 6820 6861 7264 7761 7265 both hardware\n+0000c200: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2069 6e64 6578 2061 6e64 color index and\n+0000c210: 2027 7061 6c65 7474 655f 6461 7461 2720 'palette_data' \n+0000c220: 696e 6465 7820 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 index will be. \n+0000c230: 2020 2069 6e63 7265 6d65 6e74 6564 2075 incremented u\n+0000c240: 6e74 696c 2027 636f 756e 7427 206e 756d ntil 'count' num\n+0000c250: 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 6861 ber of colors ha\n+0000c260: 7665 2062 6565 6e20 7365 742e 0a0a 3130 ve been set...10\n+0000c270: 2e31 2e36 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f .1.6 grub_video_\n+0000c280: 6765 745f 7061 6c65 7474 650a 2d2d 2d2d get_palette.----\n 0000c290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000c2a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 -------.. * Pr\n-0000c2b0: 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 ototype:.. \n-0000c2c0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 grub_err_t. \n-0000c2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 grub_vi\n-0000c2e0: 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 7061 6c65 7474 6520 deo_get_palette \n-0000c2f0: 2875 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 7374 (unsigned int st\n-0000c300: 6172 742c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e art, unsigned in\n-0000c310: 7420 636f 756e 742c 2073 7472 7563 7420 t count, struct \n-0000c320: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f70 616c 6574 grub_video_palet\n-0000c330: 7465 5f64 6174 6120 2a70 616c 6574 7465 te_data *palette\n-0000c340: 5f64 6174 6129 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _data);. \n-0000c350: 2020 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 struct grub_vi\n-0000c360: 6465 6f5f 7061 6c65 7474 655f 6461 7461 deo_palette_data\n-0000c370: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 207b 0a20 2020 . {. \n-0000c380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f grub_\n-0000c390: 7569 6e74 385f 7420 723b 202f 2a20 5265 uint8_t r; /* Re\n-0000c3a0: 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 7661 6c75 6520 2830 d color value (0\n-0000c3b0: 2d32 3535 292e 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 -255). */. \n-0000c3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f75 696e grub_uin\n-0000c3d0: 7438 5f74 2067 3b20 2f2a 2047 7265 656e t8_t g; /* Green\n-0000c3e0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 2028 302d color value (0-\n-0000c3f0: 3235 3529 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 255). */. \n-0000c400: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 grub_uint\n-0000c410: 385f 7420 623b 202f 2a20 426c 7565 2063 8_t b; /* Blue c\n-0000c420: 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 2028 302d 3235 olor value (0-25\n-0000c430: 3529 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5). */. \n-0000c440: 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 385f grub_uint8_\n-0000c450: 7420 613b 202f 2a20 5265 7365 7276 6564 t a; /* Reserved\n-0000c460: 2062 6974 7320 7661 6c75 6520 2830 2d32 bits value (0-2\n-0000c470: 3535 292e 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 55). */. \n-0000c480: 2020 7d3b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 7269 };. * Descri\n-0000c490: 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 7365 ption:.. Use\n-0000c4a0: 6420 746f 2071 7565 7279 2069 6e64 6578 d to query index\n-0000c4b0: 6564 2063 6f6c 6f72 2070 616c 6574 7465 ed color palette\n-0000c4c0: 732e 2020 4966 206d 6f64 6520 6973 2052 s. If mode is R\n-0000c4d0: 4742 206d 6f64 652c 2063 6f6c 6f72 730a GB mode, colors.\n-0000c4e0: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6f70 will be cop\n-0000c4f0: 6965 6420 6672 6f6d 2065 6d75 6c61 7465 ied from emulate\n-0000c500: 6420 7061 6c65 7474 6520 6461 7461 2e20 d palette data. \n-0000c510: 2049 6e20 496e 6465 7865 6420 436f 6c6f In Indexed Colo\n-0000c520: 7220 6d6f 6465 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7061 r modes,. pa\n-0000c530: 6c65 7474 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2072 lettes will be r\n-0000c540: 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2068 6172 6477 6172 ead from hardwar\n-0000c550: 652e 2020 436f 6c6f 7220 7661 6c75 6573 e. Color values\n-0000c560: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 636f will be. co\n-0000c570: 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2073 7569 7420 nverted to suit \n-0000c580: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 666f 726d 6174 structure format\n-0000c590: 2e20 2027 7374 6172 7427 2077 696c 6c20 . 'start' will \n-0000c5a0: 7465 6c6c 2077 6861 740a 2020 2020 2068 tell what. h\n-0000c5b0: 6172 6477 6172 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 696e ardware color in\n-0000c5c0: 6465 7820 286f 7220 656d 756c 6174 6564 dex (or emulated\n-0000c5d0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2069 6e64 6578 2920 7769 color index) wi\n-0000c5e0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 610a ll be used as a.\n-0000c5f0: 2020 2020 2073 6f75 7263 6520 666f 7220 source for \n-0000c600: 6669 7273 7420 696e 6469 6365 206f 6620 first indice of \n-0000c610: 2770 616c 6574 7465 5f64 6174 6127 2c20 'palette_data', \n-0000c620: 6166 7465 7220 7468 6174 2062 6f74 6820 after that both \n-0000c630: 6861 7264 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 636f hardware. co\n-0000c640: 6c6f 7220 696e 6465 7820 616e 6420 2770 lor index and 'p\n-0000c650: 616c 6574 7465 5f64 6174 6127 2069 6e64 alette_data' ind\n-0000c660: 6578 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e63 7265 ex will be incre\n-0000c670: 6d65 6e74 6564 2075 6e74 696c 0a20 2020 mented until. \n-0000c680: 2020 2763 6f75 6e74 2720 6e75 6d62 6572 'count' number\n-0000c690: 206f 6620 636f 6c6f 7273 2068 6176 6520 of colors have \n-0000c6a0: 6265 656e 2072 6561 642e 0a0a 3130 2e31 been read...10.1\n-0000c6b0: 2e37 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 .7 grub_video_se\n-0000c6c0: 745f 6172 6561 5f73 7461 7475 730a 2d2d t_area_status.--\n+0000c2a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 ---------.. * \n+0000c2b0: 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 Prototype:.. \n+0000c2c0: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 grub_err_t\n+0000c2d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f . grub_\n+0000c2e0: 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 7061 6c65 7474 video_get_palett\n+0000c2f0: 6520 2875 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 e (unsigned int \n+0000c300: 7374 6172 742c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 start, unsigned \n+0000c310: 696e 7420 636f 756e 742c 2073 7472 7563 int count, struc\n+0000c320: 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f70 616c t grub_video_pal\n+0000c330: 6574 7465 5f64 6174 6120 2a70 616c 6574 ette_data *palet\n+0000c340: 7465 5f64 6174 6129 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 te_data);. \n+0000c350: 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f struct grub_\n+0000c360: 7669 6465 6f5f 7061 6c65 7474 655f 6461 video_palette_da\n+0000c370: 7461 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 207b 0a20 ta. {. \n+0000c380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 gru\n+0000c390: 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 723b 202f 2a20 b_uint8_t r; /* \n+0000c3a0: 5265 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 7661 6c75 6520 Red color value \n+0000c3b0: 2830 2d32 3535 292e 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 (0-255). */. \n+0000c3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f75 grub_u\n+0000c3d0: 696e 7438 5f74 2067 3b20 2f2a 2047 7265 int8_t g; /* Gre\n+0000c3e0: 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 2028 en color value (\n+0000c3f0: 302d 3235 3529 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 0-255). */. \n+0000c400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7569 grub_ui\n+0000c410: 6e74 385f 7420 623b 202f 2a20 426c 7565 nt8_t b; /* Blue\n+0000c420: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 2028 302d color value (0-\n+0000c430: 3235 3529 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 255). */. \n+0000c440: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 grub_uint\n+0000c450: 385f 7420 613b 202f 2a20 5265 7365 7276 8_t a; /* Reserv\n+0000c460: 6564 2062 6974 7320 7661 6c75 6520 2830 ed bits value (0\n+0000c470: 2d32 3535 292e 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 -255). */. \n+0000c480: 2020 2020 7d3b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 };. * Desc\n+0000c490: 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 ription:.. U\n+0000c4a0: 7365 6420 746f 2071 7565 7279 2069 6e64 sed to query ind\n+0000c4b0: 6578 6564 2063 6f6c 6f72 2070 616c 6574 exed color palet\n+0000c4c0: 7465 732e 2020 4966 206d 6f64 6520 6973 tes. If mode is\n+0000c4d0: 2052 4742 206d 6f64 652c 2063 6f6c 6f72 RGB mode, color\n+0000c4e0: 730a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 s. will be c\n+0000c4f0: 6f70 6965 6420 6672 6f6d 2065 6d75 6c61 opied from emula\n+0000c500: 7465 6420 7061 6c65 7474 6520 6461 7461 ted palette data\n+0000c510: 2e20 2049 6e20 496e 6465 7865 6420 436f . In Indexed Co\n+0000c520: 6c6f 7220 6d6f 6465 732c 0a20 2020 2020 lor modes,. \n+0000c530: 7061 6c65 7474 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 palettes will be\n+0000c540: 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2068 6172 6477 read from hardw\n+0000c550: 6172 652e 2020 436f 6c6f 7220 7661 6c75 are. Color valu\n+0000c560: 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 es will be. \n+0000c570: 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2073 7569 converted to sui\n+0000c580: 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 666f 726d t structure form\n+0000c590: 6174 2e20 2027 7374 6172 7427 2077 696c at. 'start' wil\n+0000c5a0: 6c20 7465 6c6c 2077 6861 740a 2020 2020 l tell what. \n+0000c5b0: 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 hardware color \n+0000c5c0: 696e 6465 7820 286f 7220 656d 756c 6174 index (or emulat\n+0000c5d0: 6564 2063 6f6c 6f72 2069 6e64 6578 2920 ed color index) \n+0000c5e0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 will be used as \n+0000c5f0: 610a 2020 2020 2073 6f75 7263 6520 666f a. source fo\n+0000c600: 7220 6669 7273 7420 696e 6469 6365 206f r first indice o\n+0000c610: 6620 2770 616c 6574 7465 5f64 6174 6127 f 'palette_data'\n+0000c620: 2c20 6166 7465 7220 7468 6174 2062 6f74 , after that bot\n+0000c630: 6820 6861 7264 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 h hardware. \n+0000c640: 636f 6c6f 7220 696e 6465 7820 616e 6420 color index and \n+0000c650: 2770 616c 6574 7465 5f64 6174 6127 2069 'palette_data' i\n+0000c660: 6e64 6578 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e63 ndex will be inc\n+0000c670: 7265 6d65 6e74 6564 2075 6e74 696c 0a20 remented until. \n+0000c680: 2020 2020 2763 6f75 6e74 2720 6e75 6d62 'count' numb\n+0000c690: 6572 206f 6620 636f 6c6f 7273 2068 6176 er of colors hav\n+0000c6a0: 6520 6265 656e 2072 6561 642e 0a0a 3130 e been read...10\n+0000c6b0: 2e31 2e37 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f .1.7 grub_video_\n+0000c6c0: 7365 745f 6172 6561 5f73 7461 7475 730a set_area_status.\n 0000c6d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000c6e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0000c6f0: 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a . * Prototype:\n-0000c700: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f . grub_\n-0000c710: 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 err_t. \n-0000c720: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 6574 5f61 grub_video_set_a\n-0000c730: 7265 615f 7374 6174 7573 2028 6772 7562 rea_status (grub\n-0000c740: 5f76 6964 656f 5f61 7265 615f 7374 6174 _video_area_stat\n-0000c750: 7573 5f74 2061 7265 615f 7374 6174 7573 us_t area_status\n-0000c760: 293b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e75 );. enu\n-0000c770: 6d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f61 7265 m grub_video_are\n-0000c780: 615f 7374 6174 7573 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 a_status_t. \n-0000c790: 2020 2020 2020 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 {. \n-0000c7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 5649 4445 GRUB_VIDE\n-0000c7b0: 4f5f 4152 4541 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 442c O_AREA_DISABLED,\n-0000c7c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 . G\n-0000c7d0: 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 4152 4541 5f45 RUB_VIDEO_AREA_E\n-0000c7e0: 4e41 424c 4544 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 NABLED. \n-0000c7f0: 2020 207d 3b0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 };.. * Desc\n-0000c800: 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 ription:.. U\n-0000c810: 7365 6420 746f 2073 6574 2061 7265 6120 sed to set area \n-0000c820: 6472 6177 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 2066 6f72 drawing mode for\n-0000c830: 2072 6564 7261 7769 6e67 2074 6865 2073 redrawing the s\n-0000c840: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 6567 696f 6e2e pecified region.\n-0000c850: 0a20 2020 2020 4472 6177 2063 6f6d 6d61 . Draw comma\n-0000c860: 6e64 7320 6172 6520 7065 7266 6f72 6d65 nds are performe\n-0000c870: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2069 6e74 6572 7365 d in the interse\n-0000c880: 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6965 ction of the vie\n-0000c890: 7770 6f72 7420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 wport and. t\n-0000c8a0: 6865 2072 6567 696f 6e20 6361 6c6c 6564 he region called\n-0000c8b0: 2061 7265 612e 2020 436f 6f72 6469 6e61 area. Coordina\n-0000c8c0: 7465 7320 7265 6d61 696e 2072 656c 6174 tes remain relat\n-0000c8d0: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 ed to the. v\n-0000c8e0: 6965 7770 6f72 742e 2020 4966 2064 7261 iewport. If dra\n-0000c8f0: 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 7279 2074 w commands try t\n-0000c900: 6f20 6472 6177 206f 7665 7220 7468 6520 o draw over the \n-0000c910: 6172 6561 2c20 7468 6579 2061 7265 0a20 area, they are. \n-0000c920: 2020 2020 636c 6970 7065 642e 2020 5365 clipped. Se\n-0000c930: 7420 7374 6174 7573 2074 6f20 4449 5341 t status to DISA\n-0000c940: 424c 4544 2069 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 BLED if you need\n-0000c950: 2074 6f20 6472 6177 2065 7665 7279 7468 to draw everyth\n-0000c960: 696e 672e 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 7374 ing.. Set st\n-0000c970: 6174 7573 2074 6f20 454e 4142 4c45 4420 atus to ENABLED \n-0000c980: 616e 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 and region to th\n-0000c990: 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 7265 6374 616e e desired rectan\n-0000c9a0: 676c 6520 746f 2072 6564 7261 770a 2020 gle to redraw. \n-0000c9b0: 2020 2065 7665 7279 7468 696e 6720 696e everything in\n-0000c9c0: 7369 6465 2074 6865 2072 6567 696f 6e20 side the region \n-0000c9d0: 6c65 6176 696e 6720 6576 6572 7974 6869 leaving everythi\n-0000c9e0: 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 696e 7461 6374 2e0a ng else intact..\n-0000c9f0: 2020 2020 2053 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 Should be u\n-0000ca00: 7365 6420 666f 7220 7265 6472 6177 696e sed for redrawin\n-0000ca10: 6720 6f66 2061 6374 6976 6520 656c 656d g of active elem\n-0000ca20: 656e 7473 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3820 6772 ents...10.1.8 gr\n-0000ca30: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 6574 5f61 7265 ub_video_get_are\n-0000ca40: 615f 7374 6174 7573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d a_status.-------\n+0000c6e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0000c6f0: 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 -.. * Prototyp\n+0000c700: 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 e:. gru\n+0000c710: 625f 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 b_err_t. \n+0000c720: 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 6574 grub_video_set\n+0000c730: 5f61 7265 615f 7374 6174 7573 2028 6772 _area_status (gr\n+0000c740: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f61 7265 615f 7374 ub_video_area_st\n+0000c750: 6174 7573 5f74 2061 7265 615f 7374 6174 atus_t area_stat\n+0000c760: 7573 293b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 us);. e\n+0000c770: 6e75 6d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f61 num grub_video_a\n+0000c780: 7265 615f 7374 6174 7573 5f74 0a20 2020 rea_status_t. \n+0000c790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 207b 0a20 2020 2020 {. \n+0000c7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 5649 GRUB_VI\n+0000c7b0: 4445 4f5f 4152 4541 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 DEO_AREA_DISABLE\n+0000c7c0: 442c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D,. \n+0000c7d0: 2047 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 4152 4541 GRUB_VIDEO_AREA\n+0000c7e0: 5f45 4e41 424c 4544 0a20 2020 2020 2020 _ENABLED. \n+0000c7f0: 2020 2020 207d 3b0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 };.. * De\n+0000c800: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 scription:.. \n+0000c810: 2055 7365 6420 746f 2073 6574 2061 7265 Used to set are\n+0000c820: 6120 6472 6177 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 2066 a drawing mode f\n+0000c830: 6f72 2072 6564 7261 7769 6e67 2074 6865 or redrawing the\n+0000c840: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 6567 696f specified regio\n+0000c850: 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4472 6177 2063 6f6d n.. Draw com\n+0000c860: 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 7065 7266 6f72 mands are perfor\n+0000c870: 6d65 6420 696e 2074 6865 2069 6e74 6572 med in the inter\n+0000c880: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2076 section of the v\n+0000c890: 6965 7770 6f72 7420 616e 640a 2020 2020 iewport and. \n+0000c8a0: 2074 6865 2072 6567 696f 6e20 6361 6c6c the region call\n+0000c8b0: 6564 2061 7265 612e 2020 436f 6f72 6469 ed area. Coordi\n+0000c8c0: 6e61 7465 7320 7265 6d61 696e 2072 656c nates remain rel\n+0000c8d0: 6174 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ated to the. \n+0000c8e0: 2076 6965 7770 6f72 742e 2020 4966 2064 viewport. If d\n+0000c8f0: 7261 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 7279 raw commands try\n+0000c900: 2074 6f20 6472 6177 206f 7665 7220 7468 to draw over th\n+0000c910: 6520 6172 6561 2c20 7468 6579 2061 7265 e area, they are\n+0000c920: 0a20 2020 2020 636c 6970 7065 642e 2020 . clipped. \n+0000c930: 5365 7420 7374 6174 7573 2074 6f20 4449 Set status to DI\n+0000c940: 5341 424c 4544 2069 6620 796f 7520 6e65 SABLED if you ne\n+0000c950: 6564 2074 6f20 6472 6177 2065 7665 7279 ed to draw every\n+0000c960: 7468 696e 672e 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 thing.. Set \n+0000c970: 7374 6174 7573 2074 6f20 454e 4142 4c45 status to ENABLE\n+0000c980: 4420 616e 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 2074 6f20 D and region to \n+0000c990: 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 7265 6374 the desired rect\n+0000c9a0: 616e 676c 6520 746f 2072 6564 7261 770a angle to redraw.\n+0000c9b0: 2020 2020 2065 7665 7279 7468 696e 6720 everything \n+0000c9c0: 696e 7369 6465 2074 6865 2072 6567 696f inside the regio\n+0000c9d0: 6e20 6c65 6176 696e 6720 6576 6572 7974 n leaving everyt\n+0000c9e0: 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 696e 7461 6374 hing else intact\n+0000c9f0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 686f 756c 6420 6265 .. Should be\n+0000ca00: 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 7265 6472 6177 used for redraw\n+0000ca10: 696e 6720 6f66 2061 6374 6976 6520 656c ing of active el\n+0000ca20: 656d 656e 7473 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3820 ements...10.1.8 \n+0000ca30: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 6574 5f61 grub_video_get_a\n+0000ca40: 7265 615f 7374 6174 7573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d rea_status.-----\n 0000ca50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000ca60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a ----------.. *\n-0000ca70: 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 2020 2020 Prototype:. \n-0000ca80: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f72 grub_err_r\n-0000ca90: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f . grub_\n-0000caa0: 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 6172 6561 5f73 video_get_area_s\n-0000cab0: 7461 7475 7320 2867 7275 625f 7669 6465 tatus (grub_vide\n-0000cac0: 6f5f 6172 6561 5f73 7461 7475 735f 7420 o_area_status_t \n-0000cad0: 2a61 7265 615f 7374 6174 7573 293b 0a0a *area_status);..\n-0000cae0: 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e * Description\n-0000caf0: 3a20 5573 6564 2074 6f20 7175 6572 7920 : Used to query \n-0000cb00: 7468 6520 6172 6561 2073 7461 7475 732e the area status.\n-0000cb10: 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e39 2067 7275 625f 7669 ..10.1.9 grub_vi\n-0000cb20: 6465 6f5f 7365 745f 7669 6577 706f 7274 deo_set_viewport\n-0000cb30: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0000cb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0000cb50: 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a . * Prototype:\n-0000cb60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n-0000cb70: 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _err_t. \n-0000cb80: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 745f grub_video_set_\n-0000cb90: 7669 6577 706f 7274 2028 756e 7369 676e viewport (unsign\n-0000cba0: 6564 2069 6e74 2078 2c20 756e 7369 676e ed int x, unsign\n-0000cbb0: 6564 2069 6e74 2079 2c20 756e 7369 676e ed int y, unsign\n-0000cbc0: 6564 2069 6e74 2077 6964 7468 2c20 756e ed int width, un\n-0000cbd0: 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2068 6569 6768 signed int heigh\n-0000cbe0: 7429 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 t);. * Descrip\n-0000cbf0: 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6564 tion:.. Used\n-0000cc00: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 7669 6577 to specify view\n-0000cc10: 706f 7274 2077 6865 7265 2064 7261 7720 port where draw \n-0000cc20: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2070 6572 commands are per\n-0000cc30: 666f 726d 6564 2e20 2057 6865 6e0a 2020 formed. When. \n-0000cc40: 2020 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 6973 2073 viewport is s\n-0000cc50: 6574 2c20 616c 6c20 6472 6177 2063 6f6d et, all draw com\n-0000cc60: 6d61 6e64 7320 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 mands coordinate\n-0000cc70: 7320 7265 6c61 7465 2074 6f20 7468 6f73 s relate to thos\n-0000cc80: 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 e. specified\n-0000cc90: 2062 7920 2778 2720 616e 6420 2779 272e by 'x' and 'y'.\n-0000cca0: 2020 4966 2064 7261 7720 636f 6d6d 616e If draw comman\n-0000ccb0: 6473 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6472 6177 206f ds try to draw o\n-0000ccc0: 7665 720a 2020 2020 2076 6965 7770 6f72 ver. viewpor\n-0000ccd0: 742c 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 636c 6970 t, they are clip\n-0000cce0: 7065 642e 2020 4966 2064 6576 656c 6f70 ped. If develop\n-0000ccf0: 6572 2072 6571 7565 7374 7320 6c61 7267 er requests larg\n-0000cd00: 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 er than. pos\n-0000cd10: 7369 626c 6520 7669 6577 706f 7274 2c20 sible viewport, \n-0000cd20: 7769 6474 6820 616e 6420 6865 6967 6874 width and height\n-0000cd30: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6c61 6d70 6564 will be clamped\n-0000cd40: 2074 6f20 6669 7420 7363 7265 656e 2e0a to fit screen..\n-0000cd50: 2020 2020 2049 6620 2778 2720 616e 6420 If 'x' and \n-0000cd60: 2779 2720 6172 6520 6f75 7420 6f66 2062 'y' are out of b\n-0000cd70: 6f75 6e64 732c 2061 6c6c 2066 756e 6374 ounds, all funct\n-0000cd80: 696f 6e73 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2074 6f20 ions drawing to \n-0000cd90: 7363 7265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c screen. will\n-0000cda0: 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7965 not be displaye\n-0000cdb0: 642e 2020 496e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 d. In order to \n-0000cdc0: 6d61 7869 6d69 7a65 2076 6965 7770 6f72 maximize viewpor\n-0000cdd0: 742c 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2767 7275 t, use. 'gru\n-0000cde0: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 696e 666f b_video_get_info\n-0000cdf0: 2720 746f 2071 7565 7279 2061 6374 7561 ' to query actua\n-0000ce00: 6c20 7363 7265 656e 2064 696d 656e 7369 l screen dimensi\n-0000ce10: 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 7072 6f76 6964 650a ons and provide.\n-0000ce20: 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 696e 666f 726d that inform\n-0000ce30: 6174 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6869 7320 6675 ation to this fu\n-0000ce40: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3130 nction...10.1.10\n-0000ce50: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f grub_video_get_\n-0000ce60: 7669 6577 706f 7274 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d viewport.-------\n+0000ca60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 ------------.. \n+0000ca70: 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 2020 * Prototype:. \n+0000ca80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 grub_err\n+0000ca90: 5f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 _r. gru\n+0000caa0: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 6172 6561 b_video_get_area\n+0000cab0: 5f73 7461 7475 7320 2867 7275 625f 7669 _status (grub_vi\n+0000cac0: 6465 6f5f 6172 6561 5f73 7461 7475 735f deo_area_status_\n+0000cad0: 7420 2a61 7265 615f 7374 6174 7573 293b t *area_status);\n+0000cae0: 0a0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 .. * Descripti\n+0000caf0: 6f6e 3a20 5573 6564 2074 6f20 7175 6572 on: Used to quer\n+0000cb00: 7920 7468 6520 6172 6561 2073 7461 7475 y the area statu\n+0000cb10: 732e 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e39 2067 7275 625f s...10.1.9 grub_\n+0000cb20: 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 745f 7669 6577 706f video_set_viewpo\n+0000cb30: 7274 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rt.-------------\n+0000cb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0000cb50: 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 -.. * Prototyp\n+0000cb60: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 e:.. gr\n+0000cb70: 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ub_err_t. \n+0000cb80: 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 grub_video_se\n+0000cb90: 745f 7669 6577 706f 7274 2028 756e 7369 t_viewport (unsi\n+0000cba0: 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2078 2c20 756e 7369 gned int x, unsi\n+0000cbb0: 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2079 2c20 756e 7369 gned int y, unsi\n+0000cbc0: 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2077 6964 7468 2c20 gned int width, \n+0000cbd0: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2068 6569 unsigned int hei\n+0000cbe0: 6768 7429 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 ght);. * Descr\n+0000cbf0: 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5573 iption:.. Us\n+0000cc00: 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 7669 ed to specify vi\n+0000cc10: 6577 706f 7274 2077 6865 7265 2064 7261 ewport where dra\n+0000cc20: 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2070 w commands are p\n+0000cc30: 6572 666f 726d 6564 2e20 2057 6865 6e0a erformed. When.\n+0000cc40: 2020 2020 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 6973 viewport is\n+0000cc50: 2073 6574 2c20 616c 6c20 6472 6177 2063 set, all draw c\n+0000cc60: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 ommands coordina\n+0000cc70: 7465 7320 7265 6c61 7465 2074 6f20 7468 tes relate to th\n+0000cc80: 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 ose. specifi\n+0000cc90: 6564 2062 7920 2778 2720 616e 6420 2779 ed by 'x' and 'y\n+0000cca0: 272e 2020 4966 2064 7261 7720 636f 6d6d '. If draw comm\n+0000ccb0: 616e 6473 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6472 6177 ands try to draw\n+0000ccc0: 206f 7665 720a 2020 2020 2076 6965 7770 over. viewp\n+0000ccd0: 6f72 742c 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 636c ort, they are cl\n+0000cce0: 6970 7065 642e 2020 4966 2064 6576 656c ipped. If devel\n+0000ccf0: 6f70 6572 2072 6571 7565 7374 7320 6c61 oper requests la\n+0000cd00: 7267 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 rger than. p\n+0000cd10: 6f73 7369 626c 6520 7669 6577 706f 7274 ossible viewport\n+0000cd20: 2c20 7769 6474 6820 616e 6420 6865 6967 , width and heig\n+0000cd30: 6874 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6c61 6d70 ht will be clamp\n+0000cd40: 6564 2074 6f20 6669 7420 7363 7265 656e ed to fit screen\n+0000cd50: 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 2778 2720 616e .. If 'x' an\n+0000cd60: 6420 2779 2720 6172 6520 6f75 7420 6f66 d 'y' are out of\n+0000cd70: 2062 6f75 6e64 732c 2061 6c6c 2066 756e bounds, all fun\n+0000cd80: 6374 696f 6e73 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2074 ctions drawing t\n+0000cd90: 6f20 7363 7265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 o screen. wi\n+0000cda0: 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6469 7370 6c61 ll not be displa\n+0000cdb0: 7965 642e 2020 496e 206f 7264 6572 2074 yed. In order t\n+0000cdc0: 6f20 6d61 7869 6d69 7a65 2076 6965 7770 o maximize viewp\n+0000cdd0: 6f72 742c 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2767 ort, use. 'g\n+0000cde0: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 696e rub_video_get_in\n+0000cdf0: 666f 2720 746f 2071 7565 7279 2061 6374 fo' to query act\n+0000ce00: 7561 6c20 7363 7265 656e 2064 696d 656e ual screen dimen\n+0000ce10: 7369 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 7072 6f76 6964 sions and provid\n+0000ce20: 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 696e 666f e. that info\n+0000ce30: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6869 7320 rmation to this \n+0000ce40: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e function...10.1.\n+0000ce50: 3130 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 10 grub_video_ge\n+0000ce60: 745f 7669 6577 706f 7274 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d t_viewport.-----\n 0000ce70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000ce80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 --------.. * P\n-0000ce90: 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 rototype:.. \n-0000cea0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 725f 740a grub_err_t.\n-0000ceb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 grub_v\n-0000cec0: 6964 656f 5f67 6574 5f76 6965 7770 6f72 ideo_get_viewpor\n-0000ced0: 7420 2875 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 t (unsigned int \n-0000cee0: 2a78 2c20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 *x, unsigned int\n-0000cef0: 202a 792c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e *y, unsigned in\n-0000cf00: 7420 2a77 6964 7468 2c20 756e 7369 676e t *width, unsign\n-0000cf10: 6564 2069 6e74 202a 6865 6967 6874 293b ed int *height);\n-0000cf20: 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f . * Descriptio\n-0000cf30: 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 7365 6420 746f n:.. Used to\n-0000cf40: 2071 7565 7279 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2076 query current v\n-0000cf50: 6965 7770 6f72 7420 6469 6d65 6e73 696f iewport dimensio\n-0000cf60: 6e73 2e20 2053 6f66 7477 6172 6520 6465 ns. Software de\n-0000cf70: 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 6361 6e0a 2020 2020 veloper can. \n-0000cf80: 2075 7365 2074 6869 7320 746f 2063 686f use this to cho\n-0000cf90: 6f73 6520 6265 7374 2077 6179 2074 6f20 ose best way to \n-0000cfa0: 7265 6e64 6572 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 render contents \n-0000cfb0: 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6965 7770 6f72 742e of the viewport.\n-0000cfc0: 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e31 3120 6772 7562 5f76 ..10.1.11 grub_v\n-0000cfd0: 6964 656f 5f73 6574 5f72 6567 696f 6e0a ideo_set_region.\n-0000cfe0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000cff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0000d000: 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a * Prototype:..\n-0000d010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 grub_e\n-0000d020: 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 rr_t. g\n-0000d030: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 745f 7265 rub_video_set_re\n-0000d040: 6769 6f6e 2028 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 gion (unsigned i\n-0000d050: 6e74 2078 2c20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 nt x, unsigned i\n-0000d060: 6e74 2079 2c20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 nt y, unsigned i\n-0000d070: 6e74 2077 6964 7468 2c20 756e 7369 676e nt width, unsign\n-0000d080: 6564 2069 6e74 2068 6569 6768 7429 3b0a ed int height);.\n-0000d090: 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e * Description\n-0000d0a0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6564 2074 6f20 :.. Used to \n-0000d0b0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 6520 7265 6769 specify the regi\n-0000d0c0: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e on of the screen\n-0000d0d0: 2077 6869 6368 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 which should be\n-0000d0e0: 2072 6564 7261 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2055 redrawn.. U\n-0000d0f0: 7365 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 7661 6c75 se absolute valu\n-0000d100: 6573 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7265 es. When the re\n-0000d110: 6769 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 616e 6420 gion is set and \n-0000d120: 6172 6561 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 0a20 area status is. \n-0000d130: 2020 2020 454e 4142 4c45 2061 6c6c 2064 ENABLE all d\n-0000d140: 7261 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 696c raw commands wil\n-0000d150: 6c20 6265 2070 6572 666f 726d 6564 2069 l be performed i\n-0000d160: 6e73 6964 6520 7468 6520 696e 7465 7273 nside the inters\n-0000d170: 6570 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2072 eption. of r\n-0000d180: 6567 696f 6e20 616e 6420 7669 6577 706f egion and viewpo\n-0000d190: 7274 206e 616d 6564 2061 7265 612e 2020 rt named area. \n-0000d1a0: 4966 2064 7261 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 If draw commands\n-0000d1b0: 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6472 6177 0a20 2020 try to draw. \n-0000d1c0: 2020 6f76 6572 2076 6965 7770 6f72 742c over viewport,\n-0000d1d0: 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 636c 6970 7065 they are clippe\n-0000d1e0: 642e 2020 4966 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 d. If developer\n-0000d1f0: 2072 6571 7565 7374 7320 6c61 7267 6572 requests larger\n-0000d200: 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 7369 than. possi\n-0000d210: 626c 6520 7265 6769 6f6e 2c20 7769 6474 ble region, widt\n-0000d220: 6820 616e 6420 6865 6967 6874 2077 696c h and height wil\n-0000d230: 6c20 6265 2063 6c61 6d70 6564 2074 6f20 l be clamped to \n-0000d240: 6669 7420 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 fit screen.. \n-0000d250: 2053 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 7365 6420 Should be used \n-0000d260: 666f 7220 7265 6472 6177 696e 6720 6f66 for redrawing of\n-0000d270: 2061 6374 6976 6520 656c 656d 656e 7473 active elements\n-0000d280: 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3132 2067 7275 625f ...10.1.12 grub_\n-0000d290: 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 7265 6769 6f6e video_get_region\n-0000d2a0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0000d2b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0000d2c0: 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a * Prototype:.\n-0000d2d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f . grub_\n-0000d2e0: 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 err_t. \n-0000d2f0: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 6574 5f72 grub_video_get_r\n-0000d300: 6567 696f 6e20 2875 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 egion (unsigned \n-0000d310: 696e 7420 2a78 2c20 756e 7369 676e 6564 int *x, unsigned\n-0000d320: 2069 6e74 202a 792c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 int *y, unsigne\n-0000d330: 6420 696e 7420 2a77 6964 7468 2c20 756e d int *width, un\n-0000d340: 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 202a 6865 6967 signed int *heig\n-0000d350: 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 7269 ht);. * Descri\n-0000d360: 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 7365 ption:.. Use\n-0000d370: 6420 746f 2071 7565 7279 2063 7572 7265 d to query curre\n-0000d380: 6e74 2072 6567 696f 6e20 6469 6d65 6e73 nt region dimens\n-0000d390: 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3133 2067 ions...10.1.13 g\n-0000d3a0: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f 636f rub_video_map_co\n-0000d3b0: 6c6f 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lor.------------\n+0000ce80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a ----------.. *\n+0000ce90: 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 0a20 2020 Prototype:.. \n+0000cea0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 725f grub_err_\n+0000ceb0: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 t. grub\n+0000cec0: 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 6574 5f76 6965 7770 _video_get_viewp\n+0000ced0: 6f72 7420 2875 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e ort (unsigned in\n+0000cee0: 7420 2a78 2c20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 t *x, unsigned i\n+0000cef0: 6e74 202a 792c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 nt *y, unsigned \n+0000cf00: 696e 7420 2a77 6964 7468 2c20 756e 7369 int *width, unsi\n+0000cf10: 676e 6564 2069 6e74 202a 6865 6967 6874 gned int *height\n+0000cf20: 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 );. * Descript\n+0000cf30: 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 7365 6420 ion:.. Used \n+0000cf40: 746f 2071 7565 7279 2063 7572 7265 6e74 to query current\n+0000cf50: 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 6469 6d65 6e73 viewport dimens\n+0000cf60: 696f 6e73 2e20 2053 6f66 7477 6172 6520 ions. Software \n+0000cf70: 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 6361 6e0a 2020 developer can. \n+0000cf80: 2020 2075 7365 2074 6869 7320 746f 2063 use this to c\n+0000cf90: 686f 6f73 6520 6265 7374 2077 6179 2074 hoose best way t\n+0000cfa0: 6f20 7265 6e64 6572 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 o render content\n+0000cfb0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6965 7770 6f72 s of the viewpor\n+0000cfc0: 742e 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e31 3120 6772 7562 t...10.1.11 grub\n+0000cfd0: 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 6574 5f72 6567 696f _video_set_regio\n+0000cfe0: 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d n.--------------\n+0000cff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0000d000: 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a . * Prototype:\n+0000d010: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n+0000d020: 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _err_t. \n+0000d030: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 745f grub_video_set_\n+0000d040: 7265 6769 6f6e 2028 756e 7369 676e 6564 region (unsigned\n+0000d050: 2069 6e74 2078 2c20 756e 7369 676e 6564 int x, unsigned\n+0000d060: 2069 6e74 2079 2c20 756e 7369 676e 6564 int y, unsigned\n+0000d070: 2069 6e74 2077 6964 7468 2c20 756e 7369 int width, unsi\n+0000d080: 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2068 6569 6768 7429 gned int height)\n+0000d090: 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 ;. * Descripti\n+0000d0a0: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6564 2074 on:.. Used t\n+0000d0b0: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 6520 7265 o specify the re\n+0000d0c0: 6769 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 7363 7265 gion of the scre\n+0000d0d0: 656e 2077 6869 6368 2073 686f 756c 6420 en which should \n+0000d0e0: 6265 2072 6564 7261 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 be redrawn.. \n+0000d0f0: 2055 7365 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 7661 Use absolute va\n+0000d100: 6c75 6573 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7468 6520 lues. When the \n+0000d110: 7265 6769 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 616e region is set an\n+0000d120: 6420 6172 6561 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 d area status is\n+0000d130: 0a20 2020 2020 454e 4142 4c45 2061 6c6c . ENABLE all\n+0000d140: 2064 7261 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 draw commands w\n+0000d150: 696c 6c20 6265 2070 6572 666f 726d 6564 ill be performed\n+0000d160: 2069 6e73 6964 6520 7468 6520 696e 7465 inside the inte\n+0000d170: 7273 6570 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 rseption. of\n+0000d180: 2072 6567 696f 6e20 616e 6420 7669 6577 region and view\n+0000d190: 706f 7274 206e 616d 6564 2061 7265 612e port named area.\n+0000d1a0: 2020 4966 2064 7261 7720 636f 6d6d 616e If draw comman\n+0000d1b0: 6473 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6472 6177 0a20 ds try to draw. \n+0000d1c0: 2020 2020 6f76 6572 2076 6965 7770 6f72 over viewpor\n+0000d1d0: 742c 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 636c 6970 t, they are clip\n+0000d1e0: 7065 642e 2020 4966 2064 6576 656c 6f70 ped. If develop\n+0000d1f0: 6572 2072 6571 7565 7374 7320 6c61 7267 er requests larg\n+0000d200: 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 er than. pos\n+0000d210: 7369 626c 6520 7265 6769 6f6e 2c20 7769 sible region, wi\n+0000d220: 6474 6820 616e 6420 6865 6967 6874 2077 dth and height w\n+0000d230: 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6c61 6d70 6564 2074 ill be clamped t\n+0000d240: 6f20 6669 7420 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 2020 o fit screen.. \n+0000d250: 2020 2053 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 7365 Should be use\n+0000d260: 6420 666f 7220 7265 6472 6177 696e 6720 d for redrawing \n+0000d270: 6f66 2061 6374 6976 6520 656c 656d 656e of active elemen\n+0000d280: 7473 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3132 2067 7275 ts...10.1.12 gru\n+0000d290: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 7265 6769 b_video_get_regi\n+0000d2a0: 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d on.-------------\n+0000d2b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0000d2c0: 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 .. * Prototype\n+0000d2d0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n+0000d2e0: 625f 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 b_err_t. \n+0000d2f0: 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 6574 grub_video_get\n+0000d300: 5f72 6567 696f 6e20 2875 6e73 6967 6e65 _region (unsigne\n+0000d310: 6420 696e 7420 2a78 2c20 756e 7369 676e d int *x, unsign\n+0000d320: 6564 2069 6e74 202a 792c 2075 6e73 6967 ed int *y, unsig\n+0000d330: 6e65 6420 696e 7420 2a77 6964 7468 2c20 ned int *width, \n+0000d340: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 202a 6865 unsigned int *he\n+0000d350: 6967 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 ight);. * Desc\n+0000d360: 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 ription:.. U\n+0000d370: 7365 6420 746f 2071 7565 7279 2063 7572 sed to query cur\n+0000d380: 7265 6e74 2072 6567 696f 6e20 6469 6d65 rent region dime\n+0000d390: 6e73 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3133 nsions...10.1.13\n+0000d3a0: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f grub_video_map_\n+0000d3b0: 636f 6c6f 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d color.----------\n 0000d3c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000d3d0: 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 .. * Prototype\n-0000d3e0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n-0000d3f0: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 636f 6c6f 725f 740a b_video_color_t.\n-0000d400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 grub_v\n-0000d410: 6964 656f 5f6d 6170 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2028 ideo_map_color (\n-0000d420: 6772 7562 5f75 696e 7433 325f 7420 636f grub_uint32_t co\n-0000d430: 6c6f 725f 6e61 6d65 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 lor_name);. * \n-0000d440: 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 Description:.. \n-0000d450: 2020 204d 6170 2063 6f6c 6f72 2063 616e Map color can\n-0000d460: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 be used to supp\n-0000d470: 6f72 7420 636f 6c6f 7220 7468 656d 6573 ort color themes\n-0000d480: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6572 6520 in GRUB. There \n-0000d490: 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2063 6f6c will. be col\n-0000d4a0: 6c65 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 6f6c 6f72 lection of color\n-0000d4b0: 206e 616d 6573 2074 6861 7420 6361 6e20 names that can \n-0000d4c0: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2071 7565 7279 be used to query\n-0000d4d0: 2061 6374 7561 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 actual. scr\n-0000d4e0: 6565 6e20 6d61 7070 6564 2063 6f6c 6f72 een mapped color\n-0000d4f0: 2064 6174 612e 2020 4578 616d 706c 6573 data. Examples\n-0000d500: 2063 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 2020 2020 2027 could be. '\n-0000d510: 4752 5542 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f43 4f4e 534f GRUB_COLOR_CONSO\n-0000d520: 4c45 5f42 4143 4b47 524f 554e 4427 2c20 LE_BACKGROUND', \n-0000d530: 2747 5255 425f 434f 4c4f 525f 434f 4e53 'GRUB_COLOR_CONS\n-0000d540: 4f4c 455f 5445 5854 272e 2020 5468 650a OLE_TEXT'. The.\n-0000d550: 2020 2020 2061 6374 7561 6c20 636f 6c6f actual colo\n-0000d560: 7220 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f r defines are no\n-0000d570: 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6174 2074 t specified at t\n-0000d580: 6869 7320 706f 696e 742e 0a0a 3130 2e31 his point...10.1\n-0000d590: 2e31 3420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f6d .14 grub_video_m\n-0000d5a0: 6170 5f72 6762 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ap_rgb.---------\n+0000d3d0: 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 --.. * Prototy\n+0000d3e0: 7065 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 pe:.. g\n+0000d3f0: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 636f 6c6f 725f rub_video_color_\n+0000d400: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 t. grub\n+0000d410: 5f76 6964 656f 5f6d 6170 5f63 6f6c 6f72 _video_map_color\n+0000d420: 2028 6772 7562 5f75 696e 7433 325f 7420 (grub_uint32_t \n+0000d430: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e61 6d65 293b 0a20 2020 color_name);. \n+0000d440: 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a * Description:..\n+0000d450: 2020 2020 204d 6170 2063 6f6c 6f72 2063 Map color c\n+0000d460: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 an be used to su\n+0000d470: 7070 6f72 7420 636f 6c6f 7220 7468 656d pport color them\n+0000d480: 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6572 es in GRUB. Ther\n+0000d490: 6520 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2063 e will. be c\n+0000d4a0: 6f6c 6c65 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 6f6c ollection of col\n+0000d4b0: 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2074 6861 7420 6361 or names that ca\n+0000d4c0: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2071 7565 n be used to que\n+0000d4d0: 7279 2061 6374 7561 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 ry actual. s\n+0000d4e0: 6372 6565 6e20 6d61 7070 6564 2063 6f6c creen mapped col\n+0000d4f0: 6f72 2064 6174 612e 2020 4578 616d 706c or data. Exampl\n+0000d500: 6573 2063 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 2020 2020 es could be. \n+0000d510: 2027 4752 5542 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f43 4f4e 'GRUB_COLOR_CON\n+0000d520: 534f 4c45 5f42 4143 4b47 524f 554e 4427 SOLE_BACKGROUND'\n+0000d530: 2c20 2747 5255 425f 434f 4c4f 525f 434f , 'GRUB_COLOR_CO\n+0000d540: 4e53 4f4c 455f 5445 5854 272e 2020 5468 NSOLE_TEXT'. Th\n+0000d550: 650a 2020 2020 2061 6374 7561 6c20 636f e. actual co\n+0000d560: 6c6f 7220 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6172 6520 lor defines are \n+0000d570: 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6174 not specified at\n+0000d580: 2074 6869 7320 706f 696e 742e 0a0a 3130 this point...10\n+0000d590: 2e31 2e31 3420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f .1.14 grub_video\n+0000d5a0: 5f6d 6170 5f72 6762 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _map_rgb.-------\n 0000d5b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000d5c0: 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 -.. * Prototyp\n-0000d5d0: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 e:.. gr\n-0000d5e0: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f74 ub_video_color_t\n-0000d5f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f . grub_\n-0000d600: 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f 7267 6220 2867 video_map_rgb (g\n-0000d610: 7275 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 7265 642c rub_uint8_t red,\n-0000d620: 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 6772 grub_uint8_t gr\n-0000d630: 6565 6e2c 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 385f een, grub_uint8_\n-0000d640: 7420 626c 7565 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 t blue);. * De\n-0000d650: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 scription:.. \n-0000d660: 204d 6170 2052 4742 2076 616c 7565 7320 Map RGB values \n-0000d670: 746f 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 7363 to compatible sc\n-0000d680: 7265 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 2064 6174 612e reen color data.\n-0000d690: 2020 5661 6c75 6573 2061 7265 0a20 2020 Values are. \n-0000d6a0: 2020 6578 7065 6374 6564 2074 6f20 6265 expected to be\n-0000d6b0: 2069 6e20 7261 6e67 6520 302d 3235 3520 in range 0-255 \n-0000d6c0: 616e 6420 696e 2052 4742 206d 6f64 6573 and in RGB modes\n-0000d6d0: 2074 6865 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 they will be. \n-0000d6e0: 2020 2063 6f6e 7665 7274 6564 2074 6f20 converted to \n-0000d6f0: 7363 7265 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 2064 6174 screen color dat\n-0000d700: 612e 2020 496e 2069 6e64 6578 2063 6f6c a. In index col\n-0000d710: 6f72 206d 6f64 6573 2c20 696e 6465 7820 or modes, index \n-0000d720: 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2070 616c 6574 color. palet\n-0000d730: 7465 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6561 7263 te will be searc\n-0000d740: 6865 6420 666f 7220 7370 6563 6966 6965 hed for specifie\n-0000d750: 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 616e 6420 7468 656e d color and then\n-0000d760: 2069 6e64 6578 2069 730a 2020 2020 2072 index is. r\n-0000d770: 6574 7572 6e65 642e 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e31 eturned...10.1.1\n-0000d780: 3520 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f6d 6170 5 grub_video_map\n-0000d790: 5f72 6762 610a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _rgba.----------\n+0000d5c0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 ---.. * Protot\n+0000d5d0: 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ype:.. \n+0000d5e0: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f63 6f6c 6f72 grub_video_color\n+0000d5f0: 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 _t. gru\n+0000d600: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f 7267 6220 b_video_map_rgb \n+0000d610: 2867 7275 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 7265 (grub_uint8_t re\n+0000d620: 642c 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 d, grub_uint8_t \n+0000d630: 6772 6565 6e2c 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 green, grub_uint\n+0000d640: 385f 7420 626c 7565 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 8_t blue);. * \n+0000d650: 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 Description:.. \n+0000d660: 2020 204d 6170 2052 4742 2076 616c 7565 Map RGB value\n+0000d670: 7320 746f 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 s to compatible \n+0000d680: 7363 7265 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 2064 6174 screen color dat\n+0000d690: 612e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 2061 7265 0a20 a. Values are. \n+0000d6a0: 2020 2020 6578 7065 6374 6564 2074 6f20 expected to \n+0000d6b0: 6265 2069 6e20 7261 6e67 6520 302d 3235 be in range 0-25\n+0000d6c0: 3520 616e 6420 696e 2052 4742 206d 6f64 5 and in RGB mod\n+0000d6d0: 6573 2074 6865 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 650a es they will be.\n+0000d6e0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7665 7274 6564 2074 converted t\n+0000d6f0: 6f20 7363 7265 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 2064 o screen color d\n+0000d700: 6174 612e 2020 496e 2069 6e64 6578 2063 ata. In index c\n+0000d710: 6f6c 6f72 206d 6f64 6573 2c20 696e 6465 olor modes, inde\n+0000d720: 7820 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2070 616c x color. pal\n+0000d730: 6574 7465 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6561 ette will be sea\n+0000d740: 7263 6865 6420 666f 7220 7370 6563 6966 rched for specif\n+0000d750: 6965 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 616e 6420 7468 ied color and th\n+0000d760: 656e 2069 6e64 6578 2069 730a 2020 2020 en index is. \n+0000d770: 2072 6574 7572 6e65 642e 0a0a 3130 2e31 returned...10.1\n+0000d780: 2e31 3520 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f6d .15 grub_video_m\n+0000d790: 6170 5f72 6762 610a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ap_rgba.--------\n 0000d7a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000d7b0: 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 -.. * Prototyp\n-0000d7c0: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 e:.. gr\n-0000d7d0: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f74 ub_video_color_t\n-0000d7e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f . grub_\n-0000d7f0: 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f 7267 6261 2028 video_map_rgba (\n-0000d800: 6772 7562 5f75 696e 7438 5f74 2072 6564 grub_uint8_t red\n-0000d810: 2c20 6772 7562 5f75 696e 7438 5f74 2067 , grub_uint8_t g\n-0000d820: 7265 656e 2c20 6772 7562 5f75 696e 7438 reen, grub_uint8\n-0000d830: 5f74 2062 6c75 652c 2067 7275 625f 7569 _t blue, grub_ui\n-0000d840: 6e74 385f 7420 616c 7068 6129 3b0a 2020 nt8_t alpha);. \n-0000d850: 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a * Description:.\n-0000d860: 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 7020 5247 4241 2076 . Map RGBA v\n-0000d870: 616c 7565 7320 746f 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 alues to compati\n-0000d880: 626c 6520 7363 7265 656e 2063 6f6c 6f72 ble screen color\n-0000d890: 2064 6174 612e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 2061 data. Values a\n-0000d8a0: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7065 6374 6564 re. expected\n-0000d8b0: 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e20 7261 6e67 6520 to be in range \n-0000d8c0: 302d 3235 352e 2020 496e 2052 4742 4120 0-255. In RGBA \n-0000d8d0: 6d6f 6465 7320 7468 6579 2077 696c 6c20 modes they will \n-0000d8e0: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e76 6572 7465 be. converte\n-0000d8f0: 6420 746f 2073 6372 6565 6e20 636f 6c6f d to screen colo\n-0000d900: 7220 6461 7461 2e20 2049 6e20 696e 6465 r data. In inde\n-0000d910: 7820 636f 6c6f 7220 6d6f 6465 732c 2069 x color modes, i\n-0000d920: 6e64 6578 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 ndex color. \n-0000d930: 7061 6c65 7474 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 palette will be \n-0000d940: 7365 6172 6368 6564 2066 6f72 2062 6573 searched for bes\n-0000d950: 7420 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2063 6f6c 6f72 t matching color\n-0000d960: 2061 6e64 2069 7473 2069 6e64 6578 2069 and its index i\n-0000d970: 730a 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e65 642e s. returned.\n-0000d980: 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e31 3620 6772 7562 5f76 ..10.1.16 grub_v\n-0000d990: 6964 656f 5f75 6e6d 6170 5f63 6f6c 6f72 ideo_unmap_color\n-0000d9a0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0000d9b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0000d9c0: 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a . * Prototype:\n-0000d9d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n-0000d9e0: 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _err_t. \n-0000d9f0: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 756e 6d61 grub_video_unma\n-0000da00: 705f 636f 6c6f 7220 2867 7275 625f 7669 p_color (grub_vi\n-0000da10: 6465 6f5f 636f 6c6f 725f 7420 636f 6c6f deo_color_t colo\n-0000da20: 722c 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 r, grub_uint8_t \n-0000da30: 2a72 6564 2c20 6772 7562 5f75 696e 7438 *red, grub_uint8\n-0000da40: 5f74 202a 6772 6565 6e2c 2067 7275 625f _t *green, grub_\n-0000da50: 7569 6e74 385f 7420 2a62 6c75 652c 2067 uint8_t *blue, g\n-0000da60: 7275 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 2a61 6c70 rub_uint8_t *alp\n-0000da70: 6861 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 7269 ha);. * Descri\n-0000da80: 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 6e6d ption:.. Unm\n-0000da90: 6170 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 2066 ap color value f\n-0000daa0: 726f 6d20 2763 6f6c 6f72 2720 746f 2063 rom 'color' to c\n-0000dab0: 6f6c 6f72 2063 6861 6e6e 656c 7320 696e olor channels in\n-0000dac0: 2027 7265 6427 2c20 2767 7265 656e 272c 'red', 'green',\n-0000dad0: 0a20 2020 2020 2762 6c75 6527 2061 6e64 . 'blue' and\n-0000dae0: 2027 616c 7068 6127 2e20 2056 616c 7565 'alpha'. Value\n-0000daf0: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696e 2072 616e s will be in ran\n-0000db00: 6765 2030 2d32 3535 2e20 2041 6374 6976 ge 0-255. Activ\n-0000db10: 650a 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 e. rendering\n-0000db20: 2074 6172 6765 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 target will be \n-0000db30: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2063 6f6c 6f72 2064 used for color d\n-0000db40: 6f6d 6169 6e2e 2020 496e 2063 6173 6520 omain. In case \n-0000db50: 616c 7068 610a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 alpha. infor\n-0000db60: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6176 mation is not av\n-0000db70: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2072 656e 6465 ailable in rende\n-0000db80: 7269 6e67 2074 6172 6765 742c 2069 7420 ring target, it \n-0000db90: 6973 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 is assumed to. \n-0000dba0: 2020 2062 6520 6f70 6171 7565 2028 6861 be opaque (ha\n-0000dbb0: 7669 6e67 2076 616c 7565 2032 3535 292e ving value 255).\n-0000dbc0: 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e31 3720 6772 7562 5f76 ..10.1.17 grub_v\n-0000dbd0: 6964 656f 5f66 696c 6c5f 7265 6374 0a2d ideo_fill_rect.-\n-0000dbe0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000dbf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 -----------.. \n-0000dc00: 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 * Prototype:.. \n-0000dc10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 grub_err\n-0000dc20: 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 _t. gru\n-0000dc30: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6669 6c6c 5f72 6563 b_video_fill_rec\n-0000dc40: 7420 2867 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 636f t (grub_video_co\n-0000dc50: 6c6f 725f 7420 636f 6c6f 722c 2069 6e74 lor_t color, int\n-0000dc60: 2078 2c20 696e 7420 792c 2075 6e73 6967 x, int y, unsig\n-0000dc70: 6e65 6420 696e 7420 7769 6474 682c 2075 ned int width, u\n-0000dc80: 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 6865 6967 nsigned int heig\n-0000dc90: 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 7269 ht);. * Descri\n-0000dca0: 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 696c ption:.. Fil\n-0000dcb0: 6c20 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6172 6561 l specified area\n-0000dcc0: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 6769 7665 limited by give\n-0000dcd0: 6e20 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 7320 7769 n coordinates wi\n-0000dce0: 7468 696e 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a20 thin specified. \n-0000dcf0: 2020 2020 7669 6577 706f 7274 2e20 204e viewport. N\n-0000dd00: 6567 6174 6976 6520 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 egative coordina\n-0000dd10: 7465 7320 6172 6520 6163 6365 7074 6564 tes are accepted\n-0000dd20: 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2061 6c6c in order to all\n-0000dd30: 6f77 2065 6173 790a 2020 2020 206d 6f76 ow easy. mov\n-0000dd40: 696e 6720 6f66 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 ing of rectangle\n-0000dd50: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7669 6577 706f 7274 within viewport\n-0000dd60: 2e20 2049 6620 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 . If coordinate\n-0000dd70: 7320 6172 6520 6e65 6761 7469 7665 2c0a s are negative,.\n-0000dd80: 2020 2020 2061 7265 6120 6f66 2074 6865 area of the\n-0000dd90: 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 rectangle will \n-0000dda0: 6265 2073 6872 696e 6b65 6e20 746f 2066 be shrinken to f\n-0000ddb0: 6f6c 6c6f 7720 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 ollow size limit\n-0000ddc0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7669 s of the. vi\n-0000ddd0: 6577 706f 7274 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 536f ewport... So\n-0000dde0: 6674 7761 7265 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 ftware developer\n-0000ddf0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 7573 6520 6569 7468 should use eith\n-0000de00: 6572 2027 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f6d er 'grub_video_m\n-0000de10: 6170 5f63 6f6c 6f72 272c 0a20 2020 2020 ap_color',. \n-0000de20: 2767 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f 'grub_video_map_\n-0000de30: 7267 6227 206f 7220 2767 7275 625f 7669 rgb' or 'grub_vi\n-0000de40: 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f 7267 6261 2720 746f deo_map_rgba' to\n-0000de50: 206d 6170 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 0a20 map requested. \n-0000de60: 2020 2020 636f 6c6f 7220 746f 2027 636f color to 'co\n-0000de70: 6c6f 7227 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2e0a lor' parameter..\n-0000de80: 0a31 302e 312e 3138 2067 7275 625f 7669 .10.1.18 grub_vi\n-0000de90: 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 5f67 6c79 7068 0a2d deo_blit_glyph.-\n-0000dea0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000deb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 ------------.. \n-0000dec0: 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 0a20 * Prototype:.. \n-0000ded0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 grub_er\n-0000dee0: 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 r_t. gr\n-0000def0: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6c69 745f 676c ub_video_blit_gl\n-0000df00: 7970 6820 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 yph (struct grub\n-0000df10: 5f66 6f6e 745f 676c 7970 6820 2a67 6c79 _font_glyph *gly\n-0000df20: 7068 2c20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f63 ph, grub_video_c\n-0000df30: 6f6c 6f72 5f74 2063 6f6c 6f72 2c20 696e olor_t color, in\n-0000df40: 7420 782c 2069 6e74 2079 293b 0a20 2020 t x, int y);. \n-0000df50: 2020 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7420 6772 struct gr\n-0000df60: 7562 5f66 6f6e 745f 676c 7970 6820 7b0a ub_font_glyph {.\n-0000df70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a /*\n-0000df80: 2054 4244 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 TBD. */. \n-0000df90: 2020 207d 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 };. * Descr\n-0000dfa0: 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5573 iption:.. Us\n-0000dfb0: 6564 2074 6f20 626c 6974 2067 6c79 7068 ed to blit glyph\n-0000dfc0: 2074 6f20 7669 6577 706f 7274 2069 6e20 to viewport in \n-0000dfd0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 636f 6f64 696e specified coodin\n-0000dfe0: 6174 6573 2e20 2049 6620 676c 7970 680a ates. If glyph.\n-0000dff0: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6174 2065 6467 6520 is at edge \n-0000e000: 6f66 2076 6965 7770 6f72 742c 2070 6978 of viewport, pix\n-0000e010: 656c 7320 6f75 7473 6964 6520 6f66 2076 els outside of v\n-0000e020: 6965 7770 6f72 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 iewport will be \n-0000e030: 636c 6970 7065 640a 2020 2020 206f 7574 clipped. out\n-0000e040: 2e20 2053 6f66 7477 6172 6520 6465 7665 . Software deve\n-0000e050: 6c6f 7065 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 loper should use\n-0000e060: 2065 6974 6865 7220 2767 7275 625f 7669 either 'grub_vi\n-0000e070: 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f 7267 6227 206f 720a deo_map_rgb' or.\n-0000e080: 2020 2020 2027 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 'grub_video\n-0000e090: 5f6d 6170 5f72 6762 6127 2074 6f20 6d61 _map_rgba' to ma\n-0000e0a0: 7020 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 636f 6c6f p requested colo\n-0000e0b0: 7220 746f 2027 636f 6c6f 7227 2070 6172 r to 'color' par\n-0000e0c0: 616d 6574 6572 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3139 ameter...10.1.19\n-0000e0d0: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 grub_video_blit\n-0000e0e0: 5f62 6974 6d61 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _bitmap.--------\n+0000d7b0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 ---.. * Protot\n+0000d7c0: 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ype:.. \n+0000d7d0: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f63 6f6c 6f72 grub_video_color\n+0000d7e0: 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 _t. gru\n+0000d7f0: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f 7267 6261 b_video_map_rgba\n+0000d800: 2028 6772 7562 5f75 696e 7438 5f74 2072 (grub_uint8_t r\n+0000d810: 6564 2c20 6772 7562 5f75 696e 7438 5f74 ed, grub_uint8_t\n+0000d820: 2067 7265 656e 2c20 6772 7562 5f75 696e green, grub_uin\n+0000d830: 7438 5f74 2062 6c75 652c 2067 7275 625f t8_t blue, grub_\n+0000d840: 7569 6e74 385f 7420 616c 7068 6129 3b0a uint8_t alpha);.\n+0000d850: 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e * Description\n+0000d860: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 7020 5247 4241 :.. Map RGBA\n+0000d870: 2076 616c 7565 7320 746f 2063 6f6d 7061 values to compa\n+0000d880: 7469 626c 6520 7363 7265 656e 2063 6f6c tible screen col\n+0000d890: 6f72 2064 6174 612e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 or data. Values\n+0000d8a0: 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7065 6374 are. expect\n+0000d8b0: 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e20 7261 6e67 ed to be in rang\n+0000d8c0: 6520 302d 3235 352e 2020 496e 2052 4742 e 0-255. In RGB\n+0000d8d0: 4120 6d6f 6465 7320 7468 6579 2077 696c A modes they wil\n+0000d8e0: 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e76 6572 l be. conver\n+0000d8f0: 7465 6420 746f 2073 6372 6565 6e20 636f ted to screen co\n+0000d900: 6c6f 7220 6461 7461 2e20 2049 6e20 696e lor data. In in\n+0000d910: 6465 7820 636f 6c6f 7220 6d6f 6465 732c dex color modes,\n+0000d920: 2069 6e64 6578 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 index color. \n+0000d930: 2020 7061 6c65 7474 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 palette will b\n+0000d940: 6520 7365 6172 6368 6564 2066 6f72 2062 e searched for b\n+0000d950: 6573 7420 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2063 6f6c est matching col\n+0000d960: 6f72 2061 6e64 2069 7473 2069 6e64 6578 or and its index\n+0000d970: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e65 is. returne\n+0000d980: 642e 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e31 3620 6772 7562 d...10.1.16 grub\n+0000d990: 5f76 6964 656f 5f75 6e6d 6170 5f63 6f6c _video_unmap_col\n+0000d9a0: 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d or.-------------\n+0000d9b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0000d9c0: 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 -.. * Prototyp\n+0000d9d0: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 e:.. gr\n+0000d9e0: 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ub_err_t. \n+0000d9f0: 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 756e grub_video_un\n+0000da00: 6d61 705f 636f 6c6f 7220 2867 7275 625f map_color (grub_\n+0000da10: 7669 6465 6f5f 636f 6c6f 725f 7420 636f video_color_t co\n+0000da20: 6c6f 722c 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 385f lor, grub_uint8_\n+0000da30: 7420 2a72 6564 2c20 6772 7562 5f75 696e t *red, grub_uin\n+0000da40: 7438 5f74 202a 6772 6565 6e2c 2067 7275 t8_t *green, gru\n+0000da50: 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 2a62 6c75 652c b_uint8_t *blue,\n+0000da60: 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 385f 7420 2a61 grub_uint8_t *a\n+0000da70: 6c70 6861 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 lpha);. * Desc\n+0000da80: 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 ription:.. U\n+0000da90: 6e6d 6170 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 nmap color value\n+0000daa0: 2066 726f 6d20 2763 6f6c 6f72 2720 746f from 'color' to\n+0000dab0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2063 6861 6e6e 656c 7320 color channels \n+0000dac0: 696e 2027 7265 6427 2c20 2767 7265 656e in 'red', 'green\n+0000dad0: 272c 0a20 2020 2020 2762 6c75 6527 2061 ',. 'blue' a\n+0000dae0: 6e64 2027 616c 7068 6127 2e20 2056 616c nd 'alpha'. Val\n+0000daf0: 7565 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696e 2072 ues will be in r\n+0000db00: 616e 6765 2030 2d32 3535 2e20 2041 6374 ange 0-255. Act\n+0000db10: 6976 650a 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 ive. renderi\n+0000db20: 6e67 2074 6172 6765 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 ng target will b\n+0000db30: 6520 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2063 6f6c 6f72 e used for color\n+0000db40: 2064 6f6d 6169 6e2e 2020 496e 2063 6173 domain. In cas\n+0000db50: 6520 616c 7068 610a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 e alpha. inf\n+0000db60: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 ormation is not \n+0000db70: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2072 656e available in ren\n+0000db80: 6465 7269 6e67 2074 6172 6765 742c 2069 dering target, i\n+0000db90: 7420 6973 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f0a t is assumed to.\n+0000dba0: 2020 2020 2062 6520 6f70 6171 7565 2028 be opaque (\n+0000dbb0: 6861 7669 6e67 2076 616c 7565 2032 3535 having value 255\n+0000dbc0: 292e 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e31 3720 6772 7562 )...10.1.17 grub\n+0000dbd0: 5f76 6964 656f 5f66 696c 6c5f 7265 6374 _video_fill_rect\n+0000dbe0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0000dbf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0000dc00: 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a * Prototype:..\n+0000dc10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 grub_e\n+0000dc20: 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 rr_t. g\n+0000dc30: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6669 6c6c 5f72 rub_video_fill_r\n+0000dc40: 6563 7420 2867 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f ect (grub_video_\n+0000dc50: 636f 6c6f 725f 7420 636f 6c6f 722c 2069 color_t color, i\n+0000dc60: 6e74 2078 2c20 696e 7420 792c 2075 6e73 nt x, int y, uns\n+0000dc70: 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 7769 6474 682c igned int width,\n+0000dc80: 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 6865 unsigned int he\n+0000dc90: 6967 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 ight);. * Desc\n+0000dca0: 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 ription:.. F\n+0000dcb0: 696c 6c20 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6172 ill specified ar\n+0000dcc0: 6561 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 6769 ea limited by gi\n+0000dcd0: 7665 6e20 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 7320 ven coordinates \n+0000dce0: 7769 7468 696e 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 within specified\n+0000dcf0: 0a20 2020 2020 7669 6577 706f 7274 2e20 . viewport. \n+0000dd00: 204e 6567 6174 6976 6520 636f 6f72 6469 Negative coordi\n+0000dd10: 6e61 7465 7320 6172 6520 6163 6365 7074 nates are accept\n+0000dd20: 6564 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2061 ed in order to a\n+0000dd30: 6c6c 6f77 2065 6173 790a 2020 2020 206d llow easy. m\n+0000dd40: 6f76 696e 6720 6f66 2072 6563 7461 6e67 oving of rectang\n+0000dd50: 6c65 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7669 6577 706f le within viewpo\n+0000dd60: 7274 2e20 2049 6620 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 rt. If coordina\n+0000dd70: 7465 7320 6172 6520 6e65 6761 7469 7665 tes are negative\n+0000dd80: 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 7265 6120 6f66 2074 ,. area of t\n+0000dd90: 6865 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 2077 696c he rectangle wil\n+0000dda0: 6c20 6265 2073 6872 696e 6b65 6e20 746f l be shrinken to\n+0000ddb0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7720 7369 7a65 206c 696d follow size lim\n+0000ddc0: 6974 7320 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 its of the. \n+0000ddd0: 7669 6577 706f 7274 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 viewport... \n+0000dde0: 536f 6674 7761 7265 2064 6576 656c 6f70 Software develop\n+0000ddf0: 6572 2073 686f 756c 6420 7573 6520 6569 er should use ei\n+0000de00: 7468 6572 2027 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f ther 'grub_video\n+0000de10: 5f6d 6170 5f63 6f6c 6f72 272c 0a20 2020 _map_color',. \n+0000de20: 2020 2767 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 'grub_video_ma\n+0000de30: 705f 7267 6227 206f 7220 2767 7275 625f p_rgb' or 'grub_\n+0000de40: 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f 7267 6261 2720 video_map_rgba' \n+0000de50: 746f 206d 6170 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 to map requested\n+0000de60: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c6f 7220 746f 2027 . color to '\n+0000de70: 636f 6c6f 7227 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 color' parameter\n+0000de80: 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3138 2067 7275 625f ...10.1.18 grub_\n+0000de90: 7669 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 5f67 6c79 7068 video_blit_glyph\n+0000dea0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0000deb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0000dec0: 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a * Prototype:.\n+0000ded0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f . grub_\n+0000dee0: 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 err_t. \n+0000def0: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6c69 745f grub_video_blit_\n+0000df00: 676c 7970 6820 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 glyph (struct gr\n+0000df10: 7562 5f66 6f6e 745f 676c 7970 6820 2a67 ub_font_glyph *g\n+0000df20: 6c79 7068 2c20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f lyph, grub_video\n+0000df30: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f74 2063 6f6c 6f72 2c20 _color_t color, \n+0000df40: 696e 7420 782c 2069 6e74 2079 293b 0a20 int x, int y);. \n+0000df50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7420 struct \n+0000df60: 6772 7562 5f66 6f6e 745f 676c 7970 6820 grub_font_glyph \n+0000df70: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n+0000df80: 2f2a 2054 4244 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 /* TBD. */. \n+0000df90: 2020 2020 207d 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 };. * Des\n+0000dfa0: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 cription:.. \n+0000dfb0: 5573 6564 2074 6f20 626c 6974 2067 6c79 Used to blit gly\n+0000dfc0: 7068 2074 6f20 7669 6577 706f 7274 2069 ph to viewport i\n+0000dfd0: 6e20 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 636f 6f64 n specified cood\n+0000dfe0: 696e 6174 6573 2e20 2049 6620 676c 7970 inates. If glyp\n+0000dff0: 680a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6174 2065 6467 h. is at edg\n+0000e000: 6520 6f66 2076 6965 7770 6f72 742c 2070 e of viewport, p\n+0000e010: 6978 656c 7320 6f75 7473 6964 6520 6f66 ixels outside of\n+0000e020: 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 viewport will b\n+0000e030: 6520 636c 6970 7065 640a 2020 2020 206f e clipped. o\n+0000e040: 7574 2e20 2053 6f66 7477 6172 6520 6465 ut. Software de\n+0000e050: 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 veloper should u\n+0000e060: 7365 2065 6974 6865 7220 2767 7275 625f se either 'grub_\n+0000e070: 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f 7267 6227 206f video_map_rgb' o\n+0000e080: 720a 2020 2020 2027 6772 7562 5f76 6964 r. 'grub_vid\n+0000e090: 656f 5f6d 6170 5f72 6762 6127 2074 6f20 eo_map_rgba' to \n+0000e0a0: 6d61 7020 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 636f map requested co\n+0000e0b0: 6c6f 7220 746f 2027 636f 6c6f 7227 2070 lor to 'color' p\n+0000e0c0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e arameter...10.1.\n+0000e0d0: 3139 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 626c 19 grub_video_bl\n+0000e0e0: 6974 5f62 6974 6d61 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d it_bitmap.------\n 0000e0f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000e100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f ------.. * Pro\n-0000e110: 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 totype:.. \n-0000e120: 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 725f 740a 2020 grub_err_t. \n-0000e130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 grub_vid\n-0000e140: 656f 5f62 6c69 745f 6269 746d 6170 2028 eo_blit_bitmap (\n-0000e150: 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 struct grub_vide\n-0000e160: 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 202a 6269 746d 6170 o_bitmap *bitmap\n-0000e170: 2c20 656e 756d 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 , enum grub_vide\n-0000e180: 6f5f 626c 6974 5f6f 7065 7261 746f 7273 o_blit_operators\n-0000e190: 206f 7065 722c 2069 6e74 2078 2c20 696e oper, int x, in\n-0000e1a0: 7420 792c 2069 6e74 206f 6666 7365 745f t y, int offset_\n-0000e1b0: 782c 2069 6e74 206f 6666 7365 745f 792c x, int offset_y,\n-0000e1c0: 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 7769 unsigned int wi\n-0000e1d0: 6474 682c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e dth, unsigned in\n-0000e1e0: 7420 6865 6967 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2020 t height);. \n-0000e1f0: 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 struct grub\n-0000e200: 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 700a 2020 _video_bitmap. \n-0000e210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 {. \n-0000e220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2054 4244 2e20 /* TBD. \n-0000e230: 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 207d 3b0a */. };.\n-0000e240: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e75 6d20 . enum \n-0000e250: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6c69 745f grub_video_blit_\n-0000e260: 6f70 6572 6174 6f72 730a 2020 2020 2020 operators. \n-0000e270: 2020 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n-0000e280: 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f56 4944 454f GRUB_VIDEO\n-0000e290: 5f42 4c49 545f 5245 504c 4143 452c 0a20 _BLIT_REPLACE,. \n-0000e2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 GRU\n-0000e2b0: 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 424c 4954 5f42 4c45 B_VIDEO_BLIT_BLE\n-0000e2c0: 4e44 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 207d ND. }\n-0000e2d0: 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 ;. * Descripti\n-0000e2e0: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6564 2074 on:.. Used t\n-0000e2f0: 6f20 626c 6974 2062 6974 6d61 7020 746f o blit bitmap to\n-0000e300: 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 696e 2073 7065 viewport in spe\n-0000e310: 6369 6669 6564 2063 6f6f 7264 696e 6174 cified coordinat\n-0000e320: 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7061 7274 0a20 2020 es. If part. \n-0000e330: 2020 6f66 2062 6974 6d61 7020 6973 206f of bitmap is o\n-0000e340: 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 7669 6577 706f utside of viewpo\n-0000e350: 7274 2072 6567 696f 6e2c 2069 7420 7769 rt region, it wi\n-0000e360: 6c6c 2062 6520 636c 6970 7065 6420 6f75 ll be clipped ou\n-0000e370: 742e 0a20 2020 2020 4f66 6673 6574 7320 t.. Offsets \n-0000e380: 6166 6665 6374 2062 6974 6d61 7020 706f affect bitmap po\n-0000e390: 7369 7469 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2064 6174 sition where dat\n-0000e3a0: 6120 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636f 7069 6564 a will be copied\n-0000e3b0: 2066 726f 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 4e65 6761 from.. Nega\n-0000e3c0: 7469 7665 2076 616c 7565 7320 666f 7220 tive values for \n-0000e3d0: 626f 7468 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 636f both viewport co\n-0000e3e0: 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 7320 616e 6420 6269 ordinates and bi\n-0000e3f0: 746d 6170 206f 6666 7365 740a 2020 2020 tmap offset. \n-0000e400: 2063 6f6f 7264 696e 6174 6573 2061 7265 coordinates are\n-0000e410: 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2e20 2049 6620 6461 allowed. If da\n-0000e420: 7461 2069 7320 6c6f 6f6b 6564 206f 7574 ta is looked out\n-0000e430: 206f 6620 626f 756e 6473 206f 660a 2020 of bounds of. \n-0000e440: 2020 2062 6974 6d61 702c 2063 6f6c 6f72 bitmap, color\n-0000e450: 2076 616c 7565 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 value will be a\n-0000e460: 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2074 7261 ssumed to be tra\n-0000e470: 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2e20 2049 6620 7669 nsparent. If vi\n-0000e480: 6577 706f 7274 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6f72 ewport. coor\n-0000e490: 6469 6e61 7465 7320 6172 6520 6e65 6761 dinates are nega\n-0000e4a0: 7469 7665 2c20 6172 6561 206f 6620 7468 tive, area of th\n-0000e4b0: 6520 626c 6974 7465 6420 7265 6374 616e e blitted rectan\n-0000e4c0: 676c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 gle will be. \n-0000e4d0: 2073 6872 696e 6b65 6e20 746f 2066 6f6c shrinken to fol\n-0000e4e0: 6c6f 7720 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 7320 low size limits \n-0000e4f0: 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 of the viewport \n-0000e500: 616e 6420 6269 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 2020 and bitmap.. \n-0000e510: 2042 6c69 7474 696e 6720 6f70 6572 6174 Blitting operat\n-0000e520: 6f72 2027 6f70 6572 2720 7370 6563 6966 or 'oper' specif\n-0000e530: 6965 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2073 6f75 7263 ies should sourc\n-0000e540: 6520 7069 7865 6c20 7265 706c 6163 6520 e pixel replace \n-0000e550: 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2073 6372 data. in scr\n-0000e560: 6565 6e20 6f72 2062 6c65 6e64 2077 6974 een or blend wit\n-0000e570: 6820 7069 7865 6c20 616c 7068 6120 7661 h pixel alpha va\n-0000e580: 6c75 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f66 7477 lue... Softw\n-0000e590: 6172 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 7368 are developer sh\n-0000e5a0: 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 2027 6772 7562 5f76 ould use 'grub_v\n-0000e5b0: 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f 6372 6561 ideo_bitmap_crea\n-0000e5c0: 7465 2720 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2767 7275 te' or. 'gru\n-0000e5d0: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 5f6c b_video_bitmap_l\n-0000e5e0: 6f61 6427 2074 6f20 6372 6561 7465 206f oad' to create o\n-0000e5f0: 7220 6c6f 6164 2062 6974 6d61 7020 6461 r load bitmap da\n-0000e600: 7461 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3230 2067 7275 ta...10.1.20 gru\n-0000e610: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 5f72 656e b_video_blit_ren\n-0000e620: 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d der_target.-----\n+0000e100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 --------.. * P\n+0000e110: 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 rototype:.. \n+0000e120: 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 725f 740a grub_err_t.\n+0000e130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 grub_v\n+0000e140: 6964 656f 5f62 6c69 745f 6269 746d 6170 ideo_blit_bitmap\n+0000e150: 2028 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 (struct grub_vi\n+0000e160: 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 202a 6269 746d deo_bitmap *bitm\n+0000e170: 6170 2c20 656e 756d 2067 7275 625f 7669 ap, enum grub_vi\n+0000e180: 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 5f6f 7065 7261 746f deo_blit_operato\n+0000e190: 7273 206f 7065 722c 2069 6e74 2078 2c20 rs oper, int x, \n+0000e1a0: 696e 7420 792c 2069 6e74 206f 6666 7365 int y, int offse\n+0000e1b0: 745f 782c 2069 6e74 206f 6666 7365 745f t_x, int offset_\n+0000e1c0: 792c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 y, unsigned int \n+0000e1d0: 7769 6474 682c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 width, unsigned \n+0000e1e0: 696e 7420 6865 6967 6874 293b 0a20 2020 int height);. \n+0000e1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7420 6772 struct gr\n+0000e200: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 700a ub_video_bitmap.\n+0000e210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 {. \n+0000e220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f2a 2054 4244 /* TBD\n+0000e230: 2e20 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 207d . */. }\n+0000e240: 3b0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e75 ;.. enu\n+0000e250: 6d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6c69 m grub_video_bli\n+0000e260: 745f 6f70 6572 6174 6f72 730a 2020 2020 t_operators. \n+0000e270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 {. \n+0000e280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f56 4944 GRUB_VID\n+0000e290: 454f 5f42 4c49 545f 5245 504c 4143 452c EO_BLIT_REPLACE,\n+0000e2a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 . G\n+0000e2b0: 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 424c 4954 5f42 RUB_VIDEO_BLIT_B\n+0000e2c0: 4c45 4e44 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 LEND. \n+0000e2d0: 207d 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 };. * Descrip\n+0000e2e0: 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6564 tion:.. Used\n+0000e2f0: 2074 6f20 626c 6974 2062 6974 6d61 7020 to blit bitmap \n+0000e300: 746f 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 696e 2073 to viewport in s\n+0000e310: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2063 6f6f 7264 696e pecified coordin\n+0000e320: 6174 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7061 7274 0a20 ates. If part. \n+0000e330: 2020 2020 6f66 2062 6974 6d61 7020 6973 of bitmap is\n+0000e340: 206f 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 7669 6577 outside of view\n+0000e350: 706f 7274 2072 6567 696f 6e2c 2069 7420 port region, it \n+0000e360: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636c 6970 7065 6420 will be clipped \n+0000e370: 6f75 742e 0a20 2020 2020 4f66 6673 6574 out.. Offset\n+0000e380: 7320 6166 6665 6374 2062 6974 6d61 7020 s affect bitmap \n+0000e390: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2064 position where d\n+0000e3a0: 6174 6120 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636f 7069 ata will be copi\n+0000e3b0: 6564 2066 726f 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 4e65 ed from.. Ne\n+0000e3c0: 6761 7469 7665 2076 616c 7565 7320 666f gative values fo\n+0000e3d0: 7220 626f 7468 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 r both viewport \n+0000e3e0: 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 7320 616e 6420 coordinates and \n+0000e3f0: 6269 746d 6170 206f 6666 7365 740a 2020 bitmap offset. \n+0000e400: 2020 2063 6f6f 7264 696e 6174 6573 2061 coordinates a\n+0000e410: 7265 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2e20 2049 6620 re allowed. If \n+0000e420: 6461 7461 2069 7320 6c6f 6f6b 6564 206f data is looked o\n+0000e430: 7574 206f 6620 626f 756e 6473 206f 660a ut of bounds of.\n+0000e440: 2020 2020 2062 6974 6d61 702c 2063 6f6c bitmap, col\n+0000e450: 6f72 2076 616c 7565 2077 696c 6c20 6265 or value will be\n+0000e460: 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2074 assumed to be t\n+0000e470: 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2e20 2049 6620 ransparent. If \n+0000e480: 7669 6577 706f 7274 0a20 2020 2020 636f viewport. co\n+0000e490: 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 7320 6172 6520 6e65 ordinates are ne\n+0000e4a0: 6761 7469 7665 2c20 6172 6561 206f 6620 gative, area of \n+0000e4b0: 7468 6520 626c 6974 7465 6420 7265 6374 the blitted rect\n+0000e4c0: 616e 676c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 angle will be. \n+0000e4d0: 2020 2073 6872 696e 6b65 6e20 746f 2066 shrinken to f\n+0000e4e0: 6f6c 6c6f 7720 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 ollow size limit\n+0000e4f0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6965 7770 6f72 s of the viewpor\n+0000e500: 7420 616e 6420 6269 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 t and bitmap.. \n+0000e510: 2020 2042 6c69 7474 696e 6720 6f70 6572 Blitting oper\n+0000e520: 6174 6f72 2027 6f70 6572 2720 7370 6563 ator 'oper' spec\n+0000e530: 6966 6965 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2073 6f75 ifies should sou\n+0000e540: 7263 6520 7069 7865 6c20 7265 706c 6163 rce pixel replac\n+0000e550: 6520 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2073 e data. in s\n+0000e560: 6372 6565 6e20 6f72 2062 6c65 6e64 2077 creen or blend w\n+0000e570: 6974 6820 7069 7865 6c20 616c 7068 6120 ith pixel alpha \n+0000e580: 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f66 value... Sof\n+0000e590: 7477 6172 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 tware developer \n+0000e5a0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 2027 6772 7562 should use 'grub\n+0000e5b0: 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f 6372 _video_bitmap_cr\n+0000e5c0: 6561 7465 2720 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2767 eate' or. 'g\n+0000e5d0: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 rub_video_bitmap\n+0000e5e0: 5f6c 6f61 6427 2074 6f20 6372 6561 7465 _load' to create\n+0000e5f0: 206f 7220 6c6f 6164 2062 6974 6d61 7020 or load bitmap \n+0000e600: 6461 7461 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3230 2067 data...10.1.20 g\n+0000e610: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 5f72 rub_video_blit_r\n+0000e620: 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 0a2d 2d2d ender_target.---\n 0000e630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0000e640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000e650: 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 .. * Prototype\n-0000e660: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n-0000e670: 625f 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 b_err_t. \n-0000e680: 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6c69 grub_video_bli\n-0000e690: 745f 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 7420 t_render_target \n-0000e6a0: 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 (struct grub_vid\n-0000e6b0: 656f 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 eo_render_target\n-0000e6c0: 202a 736f 7572 6365 2c20 656e 756d 2067 *source, enum g\n-0000e6d0: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 5f6f rub_video_blit_o\n-0000e6e0: 7065 7261 746f 7273 206f 7065 722c 2069 perators oper, i\n-0000e6f0: 6e74 2078 2c20 696e 7420 792c 2069 6e74 nt x, int y, int\n-0000e700: 206f 6666 7365 745f 782c 2069 6e74 206f offset_x, int o\n-0000e710: 6666 7365 745f 792c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 ffset_y, unsigne\n-0000e720: 6420 696e 7420 7769 6474 682c 2075 6e73 d int width, uns\n-0000e730: 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 6865 6967 6874 igned int height\n-0000e740: 293b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7472 );. str\n-0000e750: 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f72 uct grub_video_r\n-0000e760: 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 207b 0a20 ender_target {. \n-0000e770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 /* \n-0000e780: 5468 6973 2069 7320 7072 6976 6174 6520 This is private \n-0000e790: 6461 7461 2066 6f72 2076 6964 656f 2064 data for video d\n-0000e7a0: 7269 7665 722e 2053 686f 756c 6420 6e6f river. Should no\n-0000e7b0: 7420 6265 2061 6363 6573 7365 6420 6672 t be accessed fr\n-0000e7c0: 6f6d 2065 6c73 6577 6865 7265 2064 6972 om elsewhere dir\n-0000e7d0: 6563 746c 792e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 ectly. */. \n-0000e7e0: 2020 2020 207d 3b0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 };.. \n-0000e7f0: 2020 2065 6e75 6d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 enum grub_vid\n-0000e800: 656f 5f62 6c69 745f 6f70 6572 6174 6f72 eo_blit_operator\n-0000e810: 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7b0a s. {.\n-0000e820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 GR\n-0000e830: 5542 5f56 4944 454f 5f42 4c49 545f 5245 UB_VIDEO_BLIT_RE\n-0000e840: 504c 4143 452c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 PLACE,. \n-0000e850: 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f GRUB_VIDEO_\n-0000e860: 424c 4954 5f42 4c45 4e44 0a20 2020 2020 BLIT_BLEND. \n-0000e870: 2020 2020 2020 207d 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 };. * D\n-0000e880: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 escription:.. \n-0000e890: 2020 5573 6564 2074 6f20 626c 6974 2073 Used to blit s\n-0000e8a0: 6f75 7263 6520 7265 6e64 6572 2074 6172 ource render tar\n-0000e8b0: 6765 7420 746f 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 get to viewport \n-0000e8c0: 696e 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a20 2020 in specified. \n-0000e8d0: 2020 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 732e 2020 coordinates. \n-0000e8e0: 4966 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2073 6f75 7263 If part of sourc\n-0000e8f0: 6520 7265 6e64 6572 2074 6172 6765 7420 e render target \n-0000e900: 6973 206f 7574 7369 6465 206f 660a 2020 is outside of. \n-0000e910: 2020 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 7265 6769 viewport regi\n-0000e920: 6f6e 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 on, it will be c\n-0000e930: 6c69 7070 6564 206f 7574 2e20 2049 6620 lipped out. If \n-0000e940: 626c 6974 7469 6e67 206f 7065 7261 746f blitting operato\n-0000e950: 7220 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 r is. specif\n-0000e960: 6965 6420 616e 6420 736f 7572 6365 2063 ied and source c\n-0000e970: 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 616c 7068 6120 7661 ontains alpha va\n-0000e980: 6c75 6573 2c20 7265 7375 6c74 696e 6720 lues, resulting \n-0000e990: 7069 7865 6c20 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 pixel color. \n-0000e9a0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7769 6c6c components will\n-0000e9b0: 2062 6520 6361 6c63 756c 6174 6564 2075 be calculated u\n-0000e9c0: 7369 6e67 2066 6f72 6d75 6c61 2028 2873 sing formula ((s\n-0000e9d0: 7263 5f63 6f6c 6f72 202a 0a20 2020 2020 rc_color *. \n-0000e9e0: 7372 635f 616c 7068 6129 202b 2028 6473 src_alpha) + (ds\n-0000e9f0: 745f 636f 6c6f 7220 2a20 2832 3535 202d t_color * (255 -\n-0000ea00: 2073 7263 5f61 6c70 6861 2929 202f 2032 src_alpha)) / 2\n-0000ea10: 3535 2c20 6966 2074 6172 6765 740a 2020 55, if target. \n-0000ea20: 2020 2062 7566 6665 7220 6861 7320 616c buffer has al\n-0000ea30: 7068 612c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 pha, it will be \n-0000ea40: 7365 7420 746f 2073 7263 5f61 6c70 6861 set to src_alpha\n-0000ea50: 2e20 204f 6666 7365 7473 2061 6666 6563 . Offsets affec\n-0000ea60: 740a 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7220 7461 t. render ta\n-0000ea70: 7267 6574 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 7768 rget position wh\n-0000ea80: 6572 6520 6461 7461 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ere data will be\n-0000ea90: 2063 6f70 6965 6420 6672 6f6d 2e20 2049 copied from. I\n-0000eaa0: 6620 6461 7461 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c f data is. l\n-0000eab0: 6f6f 6b65 6420 6f75 7420 6f66 2062 6f75 ooked out of bou\n-0000eac0: 6e64 7320 6f66 2072 656e 6465 7220 7461 nds of render ta\n-0000ead0: 7267 6574 2c20 636f 6c6f 7220 7661 6c75 rget, color valu\n-0000eae0: 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6173 7375 6d65 e will be assume\n-0000eaf0: 640a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6265 2074 7261 d. to be tra\n-0000eb00: 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2e20 2042 6c69 7474 nsparent. Blitt\n-0000eb10: 696e 6720 6f70 6572 6174 6f72 2027 6f70 ing operator 'op\n-0000eb20: 6572 2720 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7368 er' specifies sh\n-0000eb30: 6f75 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 736f 7572 6365 ould. source\n-0000eb40: 2070 6978 656c 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2064 pixel replace d\n-0000eb50: 6174 6120 696e 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6f72 ata in screen or\n-0000eb60: 2062 6c65 6e64 2077 6974 6820 7069 7865 blend with pixe\n-0000eb70: 6c20 616c 7068 610a 2020 2020 2076 616c l alpha. val\n-0000eb80: 7565 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3231 2067 7275 ue...10.1.21 gru\n-0000eb90: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7363 726f 6c6c 0a2d b_video_scroll.-\n-0000eba0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000ebb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 --------.. * P\n-0000ebc0: 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 rototype:.. \n-0000ebd0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 725f 740a grub_err_t.\n-0000ebe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 grub_v\n-0000ebf0: 6964 656f 5f73 6372 6f6c 6c20 2867 7275 ideo_scroll (gru\n-0000ec00: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 636f 6c6f 725f 7420 b_video_color_t \n-0000ec10: 636f 6c6f 722c 2069 6e74 2064 782c 2069 color, int dx, i\n-0000ec20: 6e74 2064 7929 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 nt dy);. * Des\n-0000ec30: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 cription:.. \n-0000ec40: 5573 6564 2074 6f20 7363 726f 6c6c 2076 Used to scroll v\n-0000ec50: 6965 7770 6f72 7420 746f 2073 7065 6369 iewport to speci\n-0000ec60: 6669 6564 2064 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 2e20 fied direction. \n-0000ec70: 204e 6577 2061 7265 6173 2061 7265 0a20 New areas are. \n-0000ec80: 2020 2020 6669 6c6c 6564 2077 6974 6820 filled with \n-0000ec90: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 636f 6c6f 722e specified color.\n-0000eca0: 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 This function \n-0000ecb0: 6973 2075 7365 6420 7768 656e 2073 6372 is used when scr\n-0000ecc0: 6565 6e20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f een is. scro\n-0000ecd0: 6c6c 6572 2075 7020 696e 2076 6964 656f ller up in video\n-0000ece0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 3130 2e31 terminal...10.1\n-0000ecf0: 2e32 3220 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 .22 grub_video_s\n-0000ed00: 7761 705f 6275 6666 6572 730a 2d2d 2d2d wap_buffers.----\n+0000e650: 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 --.. * Prototy\n+0000e660: 7065 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 pe:.. g\n+0000e670: 7275 625f 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 rub_err_t. \n+0000e680: 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 grub_video_b\n+0000e690: 6c69 745f 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 lit_render_targe\n+0000e6a0: 7420 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 t (struct grub_v\n+0000e6b0: 6964 656f 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 ideo_render_targ\n+0000e6c0: 6574 202a 736f 7572 6365 2c20 656e 756d et *source, enum\n+0000e6d0: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 grub_video_blit\n+0000e6e0: 5f6f 7065 7261 746f 7273 206f 7065 722c _operators oper,\n+0000e6f0: 2069 6e74 2078 2c20 696e 7420 792c 2069 int x, int y, i\n+0000e700: 6e74 206f 6666 7365 745f 782c 2069 6e74 nt offset_x, int\n+0000e710: 206f 6666 7365 745f 792c 2075 6e73 6967 offset_y, unsig\n+0000e720: 6e65 6420 696e 7420 7769 6474 682c 2075 ned int width, u\n+0000e730: 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 6865 6967 nsigned int heig\n+0000e740: 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 ht);. s\n+0000e750: 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f truct grub_video\n+0000e760: 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 207b _render_target {\n+0000e770: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f . /\n+0000e780: 2a20 5468 6973 2069 7320 7072 6976 6174 * This is privat\n+0000e790: 6520 6461 7461 2066 6f72 2076 6964 656f e data for video\n+0000e7a0: 2064 7269 7665 722e 2053 686f 756c 6420 driver. Should \n+0000e7b0: 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 6363 6573 7365 6420 not be accessed \n+0000e7c0: 6672 6f6d 2065 6c73 6577 6865 7265 2064 from elsewhere d\n+0000e7d0: 6972 6563 746c 792e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 irectly. */. \n+0000e7e0: 2020 2020 2020 207d 3b0a 0a20 2020 2020 };.. \n+0000e7f0: 2020 2020 2065 6e75 6d20 6772 7562 5f76 enum grub_v\n+0000e800: 6964 656f 5f62 6c69 745f 6f70 6572 6174 ideo_blit_operat\n+0000e810: 6f72 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ors. \n+0000e820: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n+0000e830: 4752 5542 5f56 4944 454f 5f42 4c49 545f GRUB_VIDEO_BLIT_\n+0000e840: 5245 504c 4143 452c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 REPLACE,. \n+0000e850: 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 5649 4445 GRUB_VIDE\n+0000e860: 4f5f 424c 4954 5f42 4c45 4e44 0a20 2020 O_BLIT_BLEND. \n+0000e870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 207d 3b0a 2020 202a };. *\n+0000e880: 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 Description:.. \n+0000e890: 2020 2020 5573 6564 2074 6f20 626c 6974 Used to blit\n+0000e8a0: 2073 6f75 7263 6520 7265 6e64 6572 2074 source render t\n+0000e8b0: 6172 6765 7420 746f 2076 6965 7770 6f72 arget to viewpor\n+0000e8c0: 7420 696e 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a20 t in specified. \n+0000e8d0: 2020 2020 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 732e coordinates.\n+0000e8e0: 2020 4966 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2073 6f75 If part of sou\n+0000e8f0: 7263 6520 7265 6e64 6572 2074 6172 6765 rce render targe\n+0000e900: 7420 6973 206f 7574 7369 6465 206f 660a t is outside of.\n+0000e910: 2020 2020 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 7265 viewport re\n+0000e920: 6769 6f6e 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 gion, it will be\n+0000e930: 2063 6c69 7070 6564 206f 7574 2e20 2049 clipped out. I\n+0000e940: 6620 626c 6974 7469 6e67 206f 7065 7261 f blitting opera\n+0000e950: 746f 7220 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 tor is. spec\n+0000e960: 6966 6965 6420 616e 6420 736f 7572 6365 ified and source\n+0000e970: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 616c 7068 6120 contains alpha \n+0000e980: 7661 6c75 6573 2c20 7265 7375 6c74 696e values, resultin\n+0000e990: 6720 7069 7865 6c20 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 g pixel color. \n+0000e9a0: 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7769 components wi\n+0000e9b0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 6c63 756c 6174 6564 ll be calculated\n+0000e9c0: 2075 7369 6e67 2066 6f72 6d75 6c61 2028 using formula (\n+0000e9d0: 2873 7263 5f63 6f6c 6f72 202a 0a20 2020 (src_color *. \n+0000e9e0: 2020 7372 635f 616c 7068 6129 202b 2028 src_alpha) + (\n+0000e9f0: 6473 745f 636f 6c6f 7220 2a20 2832 3535 dst_color * (255\n+0000ea00: 202d 2073 7263 5f61 6c70 6861 2929 202f - src_alpha)) /\n+0000ea10: 2032 3535 2c20 6966 2074 6172 6765 740a 255, if target.\n+0000ea20: 2020 2020 2062 7566 6665 7220 6861 7320 buffer has \n+0000ea30: 616c 7068 612c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 alpha, it will b\n+0000ea40: 6520 7365 7420 746f 2073 7263 5f61 6c70 e set to src_alp\n+0000ea50: 6861 2e20 204f 6666 7365 7473 2061 6666 ha. Offsets aff\n+0000ea60: 6563 740a 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7220 ect. render \n+0000ea70: 7461 7267 6574 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 target position \n+0000ea80: 7768 6572 6520 6461 7461 2077 696c 6c20 where data will \n+0000ea90: 6265 2063 6f70 6965 6420 6672 6f6d 2e20 be copied from. \n+0000eaa0: 2049 6620 6461 7461 2069 730a 2020 2020 If data is. \n+0000eab0: 206c 6f6f 6b65 6420 6f75 7420 6f66 2062 looked out of b\n+0000eac0: 6f75 6e64 7320 6f66 2072 656e 6465 7220 ounds of render \n+0000ead0: 7461 7267 6574 2c20 636f 6c6f 7220 7661 target, color va\n+0000eae0: 6c75 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6173 7375 lue will be assu\n+0000eaf0: 6d65 640a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6265 2074 med. to be t\n+0000eb00: 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2e20 2042 6c69 ransparent. Bli\n+0000eb10: 7474 696e 6720 6f70 6572 6174 6f72 2027 tting operator '\n+0000eb20: 6f70 6572 2720 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 oper' specifies \n+0000eb30: 7368 6f75 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 736f 7572 should. sour\n+0000eb40: 6365 2070 6978 656c 2072 6570 6c61 6365 ce pixel replace\n+0000eb50: 2064 6174 6120 696e 2073 6372 6565 6e20 data in screen \n+0000eb60: 6f72 2062 6c65 6e64 2077 6974 6820 7069 or blend with pi\n+0000eb70: 7865 6c20 616c 7068 610a 2020 2020 2076 xel alpha. v\n+0000eb80: 616c 7565 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e 3231 2067 alue...10.1.21 g\n+0000eb90: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7363 726f 6c6c rub_video_scroll\n+0000eba0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0000ebb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a ----------.. *\n+0000ebc0: 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 0a20 2020 Prototype:.. \n+0000ebd0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 725f grub_err_\n+0000ebe0: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 t. grub\n+0000ebf0: 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 6372 6f6c 6c20 2867 _video_scroll (g\n+0000ec00: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 636f 6c6f 725f rub_video_color_\n+0000ec10: 7420 636f 6c6f 722c 2069 6e74 2064 782c t color, int dx,\n+0000ec20: 2069 6e74 2064 7929 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 int dy);. * D\n+0000ec30: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 escription:.. \n+0000ec40: 2020 5573 6564 2074 6f20 7363 726f 6c6c Used to scroll\n+0000ec50: 2076 6965 7770 6f72 7420 746f 2073 7065 viewport to spe\n+0000ec60: 6369 6669 6564 2064 6972 6563 7469 6f6e cified direction\n+0000ec70: 2e20 204e 6577 2061 7265 6173 2061 7265 . New areas are\n+0000ec80: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c6c 6564 2077 6974 . filled wit\n+0000ec90: 6820 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 636f 6c6f h specified colo\n+0000eca0: 722e 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f r. This functio\n+0000ecb0: 6e20 6973 2075 7365 6420 7768 656e 2073 n is used when s\n+0000ecc0: 6372 6565 6e20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7363 creen is. sc\n+0000ecd0: 726f 6c6c 6572 2075 7020 696e 2076 6964 roller up in vid\n+0000ece0: 656f 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 3130 eo terminal...10\n+0000ecf0: 2e31 2e32 3220 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f .1.22 grub_video\n+0000ed00: 5f73 7761 705f 6275 6666 6572 730a 2d2d _swap_buffers.--\n 0000ed10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000ed20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 -----------.. \n-0000ed30: 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 * Prototype:.. \n-0000ed40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 grub_err\n-0000ed50: 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 _t. gru\n-0000ed60: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7377 6170 5f62 7566 b_video_swap_buf\n-0000ed70: 6665 7273 2028 766f 6964 293b 0a20 2020 fers (void);. \n-0000ed80: 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a * Description:..\n-0000ed90: 2020 2020 2049 6620 646f 7562 6c65 2062 If double b\n-0000eda0: 7566 6665 7269 6e67 2069 7320 656e 6162 uffering is enab\n-0000edb0: 6c65 642c 2074 6869 7320 7377 6170 7320 led, this swaps \n-0000edc0: 6672 6f6e 7462 7566 6665 7220 616e 640a frontbuffer and.\n-0000edd0: 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b62 7566 6665 722c backbuffer,\n-0000ede0: 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2073 686f in order to sho\n-0000edf0: 7720 7661 6c75 6573 2064 7261 776e 2074 w values drawn t\n-0000ee00: 6f20 6261 636b 2062 7566 6665 722e 2020 o back buffer. \n-0000ee10: 5669 6465 6f0a 2020 2020 2064 7269 7665 Video. drive\n-0000ee20: 7220 6973 2066 7265 6520 746f 2063 686f r is free to cho\n-0000ee30: 6f73 6520 686f 7720 7468 6973 206f 7065 ose how this ope\n-0000ee40: 7261 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7465 6368 696e ration is techin\n-0000ee50: 6361 6c6c 7920 646f 6e65 2e0a 0a31 302e cally done...10.\n-0000ee60: 312e 3233 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 1.23 grub_video_\n-0000ee70: 6372 6561 7465 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 create_render_ta\n-0000ee80: 7267 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rget.-----------\n+0000ed20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0000ed30: 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a * Prototype:..\n+0000ed40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 grub_e\n+0000ed50: 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 rr_t. g\n+0000ed60: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7377 6170 5f62 rub_video_swap_b\n+0000ed70: 7566 6665 7273 2028 766f 6964 293b 0a20 uffers (void);. \n+0000ed80: 2020 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a * Description:\n+0000ed90: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 646f 7562 6c65 .. If double\n+0000eda0: 2062 7566 6665 7269 6e67 2069 7320 656e buffering is en\n+0000edb0: 6162 6c65 642c 2074 6869 7320 7377 6170 abled, this swap\n+0000edc0: 7320 6672 6f6e 7462 7566 6665 7220 616e s frontbuffer an\n+0000edd0: 640a 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b62 7566 6665 d. backbuffe\n+0000ede0: 722c 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2073 r, in order to s\n+0000edf0: 686f 7720 7661 6c75 6573 2064 7261 776e how values drawn\n+0000ee00: 2074 6f20 6261 636b 2062 7566 6665 722e to back buffer.\n+0000ee10: 2020 5669 6465 6f0a 2020 2020 2064 7269 Video. dri\n+0000ee20: 7665 7220 6973 2066 7265 6520 746f 2063 ver is free to c\n+0000ee30: 686f 6f73 6520 686f 7720 7468 6973 206f hoose how this o\n+0000ee40: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7465 6368 peration is tech\n+0000ee50: 696e 6361 6c6c 7920 646f 6e65 2e0a 0a31 incally done...1\n+0000ee60: 302e 312e 3233 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 0.1.23 grub_vide\n+0000ee70: 6f5f 6372 6561 7465 5f72 656e 6465 725f o_create_render_\n+0000ee80: 7461 7267 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d target.---------\n 0000ee90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000eea0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 ------------.. \n-0000eeb0: 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 0a20 * Prototype:.. \n-0000eec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 grub_er\n-0000eed0: 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 r_t. gr\n-0000eee0: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f63 7265 6174 655f ub_video_create_\n-0000eef0: 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 7420 2873 render_target (s\n-0000ef00: 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f truct grub_video\n-0000ef10: 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 202a _render_target *\n-0000ef20: 2a72 6573 756c 742c 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 *result, unsigne\n-0000ef30: 6420 696e 7420 7769 6474 682c 2075 6e73 d int width, uns\n-0000ef40: 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 6865 6967 6874 igned int height\n-0000ef50: 2c20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 206d , unsigned int m\n-0000ef60: 6f64 655f 7479 7065 293b 0a20 2020 2020 ode_type);. \n-0000ef70: 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 struct grub\n-0000ef80: 5f76 6964 656f 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 _video_render_ta\n-0000ef90: 7267 6574 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rget {. \n-0000efa0: 2020 2020 202f 2a20 5468 6973 2069 7320 /* This is \n-0000efb0: 7072 6976 6174 6520 6461 7461 2066 6f72 private data for\n-0000efc0: 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 7665 722e 2053 video driver. S\n-0000efd0: 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 6363 hould not be acc\n-0000efe0: 6573 7365 6420 6672 6f6d 2065 6c73 6577 essed from elsew\n-0000eff0: 6865 7265 2064 6972 6563 746c 792e 2020 here directly. \n-0000f000: 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 207d 3b0a */. };.\n-0000f010: 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e * Description\n-0000f020: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4472 6976 6572 2077 :.. Driver w\n-0000f030: 696c 6c20 7573 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 ill use informat\n-0000f040: 696f 6e20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2074 6f20 ion provided to \n-0000f050: 6974 2074 6f20 6372 6561 7465 2062 6573 it to create bes\n-0000f060: 7420 6669 7474 696e 670a 2020 2020 2072 t fitting. r\n-0000f070: 656e 6465 7220 7461 7267 6574 2e20 2027 ender target. '\n-0000f080: 6d6f 6465 5f74 7970 6527 2077 696c 6c20 mode_type' will \n-0000f090: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 7569 6465 be used to guide\n-0000f0a0: 206f 6e20 7365 6c65 6374 696e 6720 7768 on selecting wh\n-0000f0b0: 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6665 6174 7572 6573 at. features\n-0000f0c0: 2061 7265 2077 616e 7465 6420 666f 7220 are wanted for \n-0000f0d0: 7265 6e64 6572 2074 6172 6765 742e 2020 render target. \n-0000f0e0: 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7661 6c75 6573 Supported values\n-0000f0f0: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 276d 6f64 655f for. 'mode_\n-0000f100: 7479 7065 2720 6172 6520 2747 5255 425f type' are 'GRUB_\n-0000f110: 5649 4445 4f5f 4d4f 4445 5f54 5950 455f VIDEO_MODE_TYPE_\n-0000f120: 494e 4445 585f 434f 4c4f 5227 2066 6f72 INDEX_COLOR' for\n-0000f130: 2069 6e64 6578 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 index color. \n-0000f140: 2020 6d6f 6465 732c 2027 4752 5542 5f56 modes, 'GRUB_V\n-0000f150: 4944 454f 5f4d 4f44 455f 5459 5045 5f52 IDEO_MODE_TYPE_R\n-0000f160: 4742 2720 666f 7220 6469 7265 6374 2052 GB' for direct R\n-0000f170: 4742 2063 6f6c 6f72 206d 6f64 6573 2061 GB color modes a\n-0000f180: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f 5649 nd. 'GRUB_VI\n-0000f190: 4445 4f5f 4d4f 4445 5f54 5950 455f 414c DEO_MODE_TYPE_AL\n-0000f1a0: 5048 4127 2066 6f72 2061 6c70 6861 2063 PHA' for alpha c\n-0000f1b0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 0a31 302e 312e omponent...10.1.\n-0000f1c0: 3234 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6465 24 grub_video_de\n-0000f1d0: 6c65 7465 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 lete_render_targ\n-0000f1e0: 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d et.-------------\n+0000eea0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0000eeb0: 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a * Prototype:.\n+0000eec0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f . grub_\n+0000eed0: 6572 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 err_t. \n+0000eee0: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f63 7265 6174 grub_video_creat\n+0000eef0: 655f 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 7420 e_render_target \n+0000ef00: 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 (struct grub_vid\n+0000ef10: 656f 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 eo_render_target\n+0000ef20: 202a 2a72 6573 756c 742c 2075 6e73 6967 **result, unsig\n+0000ef30: 6e65 6420 696e 7420 7769 6474 682c 2075 ned int width, u\n+0000ef40: 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 696e 7420 6865 6967 nsigned int heig\n+0000ef50: 6874 2c20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 6e74 ht, unsigned int\n+0000ef60: 206d 6f64 655f 7479 7065 293b 0a20 2020 mode_type);. \n+0000ef70: 2020 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7420 6772 struct gr\n+0000ef80: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f72 656e 6465 725f ub_video_render_\n+0000ef90: 7461 7267 6574 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 target {. \n+0000efa0: 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 5468 6973 2069 /* This i\n+0000efb0: 7320 7072 6976 6174 6520 6461 7461 2066 s private data f\n+0000efc0: 6f72 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 7665 722e or video driver.\n+0000efd0: 2053 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 Should not be a\n+0000efe0: 6363 6573 7365 6420 6672 6f6d 2065 6c73 ccessed from els\n+0000eff0: 6577 6865 7265 2064 6972 6563 746c 792e ewhere directly.\n+0000f000: 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 207d */. }\n+0000f010: 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 ;. * Descripti\n+0000f020: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4472 6976 6572 on:.. Driver\n+0000f030: 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 696e 666f 726d will use inform\n+0000f040: 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2074 ation provided t\n+0000f050: 6f20 6974 2074 6f20 6372 6561 7465 2062 o it to create b\n+0000f060: 6573 7420 6669 7474 696e 670a 2020 2020 est fitting. \n+0000f070: 2072 656e 6465 7220 7461 7267 6574 2e20 render target. \n+0000f080: 2027 6d6f 6465 5f74 7970 6527 2077 696c 'mode_type' wil\n+0000f090: 6c20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 7569 l be used to gui\n+0000f0a0: 6465 206f 6e20 7365 6c65 6374 696e 6720 de on selecting \n+0000f0b0: 7768 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6665 6174 7572 what. featur\n+0000f0c0: 6573 2061 7265 2077 616e 7465 6420 666f es are wanted fo\n+0000f0d0: 7220 7265 6e64 6572 2074 6172 6765 742e r render target.\n+0000f0e0: 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7661 6c75 Supported valu\n+0000f0f0: 6573 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 276d 6f64 es for. 'mod\n+0000f100: 655f 7479 7065 2720 6172 6520 2747 5255 e_type' are 'GRU\n+0000f110: 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 4d4f 4445 5f54 5950 B_VIDEO_MODE_TYP\n+0000f120: 455f 494e 4445 585f 434f 4c4f 5227 2066 E_INDEX_COLOR' f\n+0000f130: 6f72 2069 6e64 6578 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 or index color. \n+0000f140: 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 732c 2027 4752 5542 modes, 'GRUB\n+0000f150: 5f56 4944 454f 5f4d 4f44 455f 5459 5045 _VIDEO_MODE_TYPE\n+0000f160: 5f52 4742 2720 666f 7220 6469 7265 6374 _RGB' for direct\n+0000f170: 2052 4742 2063 6f6c 6f72 206d 6f64 6573 RGB color modes\n+0000f180: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f and. 'GRUB_\n+0000f190: 5649 4445 4f5f 4d4f 4445 5f54 5950 455f VIDEO_MODE_TYPE_\n+0000f1a0: 414c 5048 4127 2066 6f72 2061 6c70 6861 ALPHA' for alpha\n+0000f1b0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 0a31 302e component...10.\n+0000f1c0: 312e 3234 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 1.24 grub_video_\n+0000f1d0: 6465 6c65 7465 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 delete_render_ta\n+0000f1e0: 7267 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rget.-----------\n 0000f1f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000f200: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a ----------.. *\n-0000f210: 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 0a20 2020 Prototype:.. \n-0000f220: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 725f grub_err_\n-0000f230: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 t. grub\n-0000f240: 5f76 6964 656f 5f64 656c 6574 655f 7265 _video_delete_re\n-0000f250: 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 7420 2873 7472 nder_target (str\n-0000f260: 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f72 uct grub_video_r\n-0000f270: 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 202a 7461 ender_target *ta\n-0000f280: 7267 6574 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 rget);. * Desc\n-0000f290: 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 ription:.. U\n-0000f2a0: 7365 6420 746f 2064 656c 6574 6520 7072 sed to delete pr\n-0000f2b0: 6576 696f 7573 6c79 2063 7265 6174 6564 eviously created\n-0000f2c0: 2072 656e 6465 7220 7461 7267 6574 2e20 render target. \n-0000f2d0: 2049 6620 2774 6172 6765 7427 0a20 2020 If 'target'. \n-0000f2e0: 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2027 4e55 4c4c contains 'NULL\n-0000f2f0: 2720 706f 696e 7465 722c 206e 6f74 6869 ' pointer, nothi\n-0000f300: 6e67 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6f6e 652e ng will be done.\n-0000f310: 2020 4966 2072 656e 6465 7220 7461 7267 If render targ\n-0000f320: 6574 2069 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 et is. corre\n-0000f330: 6374 6c79 2064 6573 7472 6f79 6564 2c20 ctly destroyed, \n-0000f340: 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4520 6973 GRUB_ERR_NONE is\n-0000f350: 2072 6574 7572 6e65 642e 0a0a 3130 2e31 returned...10.1\n-0000f360: 2e32 3520 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 .25 grub_video_s\n-0000f370: 6574 5f61 6374 6976 655f 7265 6e64 6572 et_active_render\n-0000f380: 5f74 6172 6765 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _target.--------\n+0000f200: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 ------------.. \n+0000f210: 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 0a20 * Prototype:.. \n+0000f220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 grub_er\n+0000f230: 725f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 r_t. gr\n+0000f240: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f64 656c 6574 655f ub_video_delete_\n+0000f250: 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 7420 2873 render_target (s\n+0000f260: 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f truct grub_video\n+0000f270: 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 202a _render_target *\n+0000f280: 7461 7267 6574 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 target);. * De\n+0000f290: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 scription:.. \n+0000f2a0: 2055 7365 6420 746f 2064 656c 6574 6520 Used to delete \n+0000f2b0: 7072 6576 696f 7573 6c79 2063 7265 6174 previously creat\n+0000f2c0: 6564 2072 656e 6465 7220 7461 7267 6574 ed render target\n+0000f2d0: 2e20 2049 6620 2774 6172 6765 7427 0a20 . If 'target'. \n+0000f2e0: 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2027 4e55 contains 'NU\n+0000f2f0: 4c4c 2720 706f 696e 7465 722c 206e 6f74 LL' pointer, not\n+0000f300: 6869 6e67 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6f6e hing will be don\n+0000f310: 652e 2020 4966 2072 656e 6465 7220 7461 e. If render ta\n+0000f320: 7267 6574 2069 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 rget is. cor\n+0000f330: 7265 6374 6c79 2064 6573 7472 6f79 6564 rectly destroyed\n+0000f340: 2c20 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4520 , GRUB_ERR_NONE \n+0000f350: 6973 2072 6574 7572 6e65 642e 0a0a 3130 is returned...10\n+0000f360: 2e31 2e32 3520 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f .1.25 grub_video\n+0000f370: 5f73 6574 5f61 6374 6976 655f 7265 6e64 _set_active_rend\n+0000f380: 6572 5f74 6172 6765 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d er_target.------\n 0000f390: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0000f3a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000f3b0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 ---.. * Protot\n-0000f3c0: 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ype:.. \n-0000f3d0: 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 grub_err_t. \n-0000f3e0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f grub_video_\n-0000f3f0: 7365 745f 6163 7469 7665 5f72 656e 6465 set_active_rende\n-0000f400: 725f 7461 7267 6574 2028 7374 7275 6374 r_target (struct\n-0000f410: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7265 6e64 grub_video_rend\n-0000f420: 6572 5f74 6172 6765 7420 2a74 6172 6765 er_target *targe\n-0000f430: 7429 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 t);. * Descrip\n-0000f440: 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7473 tion:.. Sets\n-0000f450: 2061 6374 6976 6520 7265 6e64 6572 2074 active render t\n-0000f460: 6172 6765 742e 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 arget. If this \n-0000f470: 636f 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7375 6363 6573 comand is succes\n-0000f480: 7366 756c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6472 sful all. dr\n-0000f490: 6177 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 awing commands w\n-0000f4a0: 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 746f 2073 ill be done to s\n-0000f4b0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2027 7461 7267 6574 pecified 'target\n-0000f4c0: 272e 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 2061 6c73 '. There is als\n-0000f4d0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 616c 2076 o. special v\n-0000f4e0: 616c 7565 7320 666f 7220 7461 7267 6574 alues for target\n-0000f4f0: 2c20 2747 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f 5245 , 'GRUB_VIDEO_RE\n-0000f500: 4e44 4552 5f54 4152 4745 545f 4449 5350 NDER_TARGET_DISP\n-0000f510: 4c41 5927 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 2074 LAY' used. t\n-0000f520: 6f20 7265 6665 7265 6e63 6520 7363 7265 o reference scre\n-0000f530: 656e 2773 2066 726f 6e74 2062 7566 6665 en's front buffe\n-0000f540: 722c 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f 5649 r,. 'GRUB_VI\n-0000f550: 4445 4f5f 5245 4e44 4552 5f54 4152 4745 DEO_RENDER_TARGE\n-0000f560: 545f 4652 4f4e 545f 4255 4646 4552 2720 T_FRONT_BUFFER' \n-0000f570: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6665 7265 6e63 used to referenc\n-0000f580: 6520 7363 7265 656e 2773 0a20 2020 2020 e screen's. \n-0000f590: 6672 6f6e 7420 6275 6666 6572 2028 616c front buffer (al\n-0000f5a0: 6961 7320 666f 7220 2747 5255 425f 5649 ias for 'GRUB_VI\n-0000f5b0: 4445 4f5f 5245 4e44 4552 5f54 4152 4745 DEO_RENDER_TARGE\n-0000f5c0: 545f 4449 5350 4c41 5927 2920 616e 640a T_DISPLAY') and.\n-0000f5d0: 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f56 4944 454f 'GRUB_VIDEO\n-0000f5e0: 5f52 454e 4445 525f 5441 5247 4554 5f42 _RENDER_TARGET_B\n-0000f5f0: 4143 4b5f 4255 4646 4552 2720 7573 6564 ACK_BUFFER' used\n-0000f600: 2074 6f20 7265 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6261 to reference ba\n-0000f610: 636b 0a20 2020 2020 6275 6666 6572 2028 ck. buffer (\n-0000f620: 6966 2064 6f75 626c 6520 6275 6666 6572 if double buffer\n-0000f630: 696e 6720 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 292e ing is enabled).\n-0000f640: 2020 4966 2072 656e 6465 7220 7461 7267 If render targ\n-0000f650: 6574 2069 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 et is. corre\n-0000f660: 636c 7479 2073 7769 7463 6865 6420 4752 clty switched GR\n-0000f670: 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4520 6973 2072 UB_ERR_NONE is r\n-0000f680: 6574 7572 6e65 642e 2020 496e 206e 6f20 eturned. In no \n-0000f690: 616e 7920 6576 656e 740a 2020 2020 2073 any event. s\n-0000f6a0: 6861 6c6c 2074 6865 7265 2062 6520 6e6f hall there be no\n-0000f6b0: 6e20 6472 6177 6162 6c65 2061 6374 6976 n drawable activ\n-0000f6c0: 6520 7265 6e64 6572 2074 6172 6765 742e e render target.\n-0000f6d0: 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e32 3620 6772 7562 5f76 ..10.1.26 grub_v\n-0000f6e0: 6964 656f 5f67 6574 5f61 6374 6976 655f ideo_get_active_\n-0000f6f0: 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 740a 2d2d render_target.--\n+0000f3b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 -----.. * Prot\n+0000f3c0: 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 otype:.. \n+0000f3d0: 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 0a20 2020 grub_err_t. \n+0000f3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 grub_vide\n+0000f3f0: 6f5f 7365 745f 6163 7469 7665 5f72 656e o_set_active_ren\n+0000f400: 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 2028 7374 7275 der_target (stru\n+0000f410: 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7265 ct grub_video_re\n+0000f420: 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 7420 2a74 6172 nder_target *tar\n+0000f430: 6765 7429 3b0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 get);. * Descr\n+0000f440: 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5365 iption:.. Se\n+0000f450: 7473 2061 6374 6976 6520 7265 6e64 6572 ts active render\n+0000f460: 2074 6172 6765 742e 2020 4966 2074 6869 target. If thi\n+0000f470: 7320 636f 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7375 6363 s comand is succ\n+0000f480: 6573 7366 756c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 essful all. \n+0000f490: 6472 6177 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 drawing commands\n+0000f4a0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 746f will be done to\n+0000f4b0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2027 7461 7267 specified 'targ\n+0000f4c0: 6574 272e 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 2061 et'. There is a\n+0000f4d0: 6c73 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 616c lso. special\n+0000f4e0: 2076 616c 7565 7320 666f 7220 7461 7267 values for targ\n+0000f4f0: 6574 2c20 2747 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f et, 'GRUB_VIDEO_\n+0000f500: 5245 4e44 4552 5f54 4152 4745 545f 4449 RENDER_TARGET_DI\n+0000f510: 5350 4c41 5927 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 SPLAY' used. \n+0000f520: 2074 6f20 7265 6665 7265 6e63 6520 7363 to reference sc\n+0000f530: 7265 656e 2773 2066 726f 6e74 2062 7566 reen's front buf\n+0000f540: 6665 722c 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f fer,. 'GRUB_\n+0000f550: 5649 4445 4f5f 5245 4e44 4552 5f54 4152 VIDEO_RENDER_TAR\n+0000f560: 4745 545f 4652 4f4e 545f 4255 4646 4552 GET_FRONT_BUFFER\n+0000f570: 2720 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6665 7265 ' used to refere\n+0000f580: 6e63 6520 7363 7265 656e 2773 0a20 2020 nce screen's. \n+0000f590: 2020 6672 6f6e 7420 6275 6666 6572 2028 front buffer (\n+0000f5a0: 616c 6961 7320 666f 7220 2747 5255 425f alias for 'GRUB_\n+0000f5b0: 5649 4445 4f5f 5245 4e44 4552 5f54 4152 VIDEO_RENDER_TAR\n+0000f5c0: 4745 545f 4449 5350 4c41 5927 2920 616e GET_DISPLAY') an\n+0000f5d0: 640a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f56 4944 d. 'GRUB_VID\n+0000f5e0: 454f 5f52 454e 4445 525f 5441 5247 4554 EO_RENDER_TARGET\n+0000f5f0: 5f42 4143 4b5f 4255 4646 4552 2720 7573 _BACK_BUFFER' us\n+0000f600: 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6665 7265 6e63 6520 ed to reference \n+0000f610: 6261 636b 0a20 2020 2020 6275 6666 6572 back. buffer\n+0000f620: 2028 6966 2064 6f75 626c 6520 6275 6666 (if double buff\n+0000f630: 6572 696e 6720 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 ering is enabled\n+0000f640: 292e 2020 4966 2072 656e 6465 7220 7461 ). If render ta\n+0000f650: 7267 6574 2069 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 rget is. cor\n+0000f660: 7265 636c 7479 2073 7769 7463 6865 6420 reclty switched \n+0000f670: 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4520 6973 GRUB_ERR_NONE is\n+0000f680: 2072 6574 7572 6e65 642e 2020 496e 206e returned. In n\n+0000f690: 6f20 616e 7920 6576 656e 740a 2020 2020 o any event. \n+0000f6a0: 2073 6861 6c6c 2074 6865 7265 2062 6520 shall there be \n+0000f6b0: 6e6f 6e20 6472 6177 6162 6c65 2061 6374 non drawable act\n+0000f6c0: 6976 6520 7265 6e64 6572 2074 6172 6765 ive render targe\n+0000f6d0: 742e 0a0a 3130 2e31 2e32 3620 6772 7562 t...10.1.26 grub\n+0000f6e0: 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 6574 5f61 6374 6976 _video_get_activ\n+0000f6f0: 655f 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 740a e_render_target.\n 0000f700: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0000f710: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000f720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 ---------.. * \n-0000f730: 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 Prototype:.. \n-0000f740: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 grub_err_t\n-0000f750: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f . grub_\n-0000f760: 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 6163 7469 7665 video_get_active\n-0000f770: 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 2028 _render_target (\n-0000f780: 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 struct grub_vide\n-0000f790: 6f5f 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 7420 o_render_target \n-0000f7a0: 2a2a 7461 7267 6574 293b 0a20 2020 2a20 **target);. * \n-0000f7b0: 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 Description:.. \n-0000f7c0: 2020 2052 6574 7572 6e73 2063 7572 7265 Returns curre\n-0000f7d0: 6e74 6c79 2061 6374 6976 6520 7265 6e64 ntly active rend\n-0000f7e0: 6572 2074 6172 6765 742e 2020 4974 2072 er target. It r\n-0000f7f0: 6574 7572 6e73 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e0a eturns value in.\n-0000f800: 2020 2020 2027 7461 7267 6574 2720 7468 'target' th\n-0000f810: 6174 2063 616e 2062 6520 7375 6273 6571 at can be subseq\n-0000f820: 7565 6e74 6c79 2069 7373 7565 6420 6261 uently issued ba\n-0000f830: 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 6772 7562 ck to. 'grub\n-0000f840: 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 6574 5f61 6374 6976 _video_set_activ\n-0000f850: 655f 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 7427 e_render_target'\n-0000f860: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d .....File: grub-\n-0000f870: 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a dev.info, Node:\n-0000f880: 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 2075 7361 6765 206f Example usage o\n-0000f890: 6620 5669 6465 6f20 4150 492c 2020 4e65 f Video API, Ne\n-0000f8a0: 7874 3a20 4269 746d 6170 2041 5049 2c20 xt: Bitmap API, \n-0000f8b0: 2050 7265 763a 2056 6964 656f 2041 5049 Prev: Video API\n-0000f8c0: 2c20 2055 703a 2056 6964 656f 2053 7562 , Up: Video Sub\n-0000f8d0: 7379 7374 656d 0a0a 3130 2e32 2045 7861 system..10.2 Exa\n-0000f8e0: 6d70 6c65 2075 7361 6765 206f 6620 5669 mple usage of Vi\n-0000f8f0: 6465 6f20 4150 490a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d deo API.========\n+0000f720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 -----------.. \n+0000f730: 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a0a 2020 * Prototype:.. \n+0000f740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 grub_err\n+0000f750: 5f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 _t. gru\n+0000f760: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6765 745f 6163 7469 b_video_get_acti\n+0000f770: 7665 5f72 656e 6465 725f 7461 7267 6574 ve_render_target\n+0000f780: 2028 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 (struct grub_vi\n+0000f790: 6465 6f5f 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 deo_render_targe\n+0000f7a0: 7420 2a2a 7461 7267 6574 293b 0a20 2020 t **target);. \n+0000f7b0: 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a * Description:..\n+0000f7c0: 2020 2020 2052 6574 7572 6e73 2063 7572 Returns cur\n+0000f7d0: 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 6374 6976 6520 7265 rently active re\n+0000f7e0: 6e64 6572 2074 6172 6765 742e 2020 4974 nder target. It\n+0000f7f0: 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2076 616c 7565 2069 returns value i\n+0000f800: 6e0a 2020 2020 2027 7461 7267 6574 2720 n. 'target' \n+0000f810: 7468 6174 2063 616e 2062 6520 7375 6273 that can be subs\n+0000f820: 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2069 7373 7565 6420 equently issued \n+0000f830: 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 6772 back to. 'gr\n+0000f840: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 6574 5f61 6374 ub_video_set_act\n+0000f850: 6976 655f 7265 6e64 6572 5f74 6172 6765 ive_render_targe\n+0000f860: 7427 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 t'.....File: gru\n+0000f870: 622d 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 b-dev.info, Nod\n+0000f880: 653a 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 2075 7361 6765 e: Example usage\n+0000f890: 206f 6620 5669 6465 6f20 4150 492c 2020 of Video API, \n+0000f8a0: 4e65 7874 3a20 4269 746d 6170 2041 5049 Next: Bitmap API\n+0000f8b0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2056 6964 656f 2041 , Prev: Video A\n+0000f8c0: 5049 2c20 2055 703a 2056 6964 656f 2053 PI, Up: Video S\n+0000f8d0: 7562 7379 7374 656d 0a0a 3130 2e32 2045 ubsystem..10.2 E\n+0000f8e0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2075 7361 6765 206f 6620 xample usage of \n+0000f8f0: 5669 6465 6f20 4150 490a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Video API.======\n 0000f900: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000f910: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a31 302e 322e 3120 =======..10.2.1 \n-0000f920: 4578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 2073 6372 6565 Example of scree\n-0000f930: 6e20 7365 7475 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d n setup.--------\n+0000f910: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a31 302e 322e =========..10.2.\n+0000f920: 3120 4578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 2073 6372 1 Example of scr\n+0000f930: 6565 6e20 7365 7475 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d een setup.------\n 0000f940: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000f950: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 ------.. gru\n-0000f960: 625f 6572 725f 7420 7263 3b0a 2020 2020 b_err_t rc;. \n-0000f970: 202f 2a20 5472 7920 746f 2069 6e69 7469 /* Try to initi\n-0000f980: 616c 697a 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 alize video mode\n-0000f990: 2031 3032 3420 7820 3736 3820 7769 7468 1024 x 768 with\n-0000f9a0: 2064 6972 6563 7420 5247 422e 2020 2a2f direct RGB. */\n-0000f9b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7263 203d 2067 7275 625f . rc = grub_\n-0000f9c0: 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 7475 7020 2831 3032 video_setup (102\n-0000f9d0: 342c 2037 3638 2c20 4752 5542 5f56 4944 4, 768, GRUB_VID\n-0000f9e0: 454f 5f4d 4f44 455f 5459 5045 5f52 4742 EO_MODE_TYPE_RGB\n-0000f9f0: 293b 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2028 7263 2021 );. if (rc !\n-0000fa00: 3d20 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4529 = GRUB_ERR_NONE)\n-0000fa10: 0a20 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 202f . {. /\n-0000fa20: 2a20 4661 6c6c 2062 6163 6b20 746f 2073 * Fall back to s\n-0000fa30: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 5647 4120 496e 6465 tandard VGA Inde\n-0000fa40: 7820 436f 6c6f 7220 6d6f 6465 2e20 202a x Color mode. *\n-0000fa50: 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2072 6320 3d20 6772 /. rc = gr\n-0000fa60: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 6574 7570 2028 ub_video_setup (\n-0000fa70: 3634 302c 2034 3830 2c20 4752 5542 5f56 640, 480, GRUB_V\n-0000fa80: 4944 454f 5f4d 4f44 455f 5459 5045 5f49 IDEO_MODE_TYPE_I\n-0000fa90: 4e44 4558 293b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6966 NDEX);. if\n-0000faa0: 2028 7263 2021 3d20 4752 5542 5f45 5252 (rc != GRUB_ERR\n-0000fab0: 5f4e 4f4e 4529 0a20 2020 2020 2020 7b0a _NONE). {.\n-0000fac0: 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 4861 6e64 6c65 /* Handle\n-0000fad0: 2065 7272 6f72 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 error. */. \n-0000fae0: 2020 207d 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a31 302e }. }..10.\n-0000faf0: 322e 3220 4578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 2073 2.2 Example of s\n-0000fb00: 6574 7469 6e67 2075 7020 636f 6e73 6f6c etting up consol\n-0000fb10: 6520 7669 6577 706f 7274 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d e viewport.-----\n+0000f950: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 --------.. g\n+0000f960: 7275 625f 6572 725f 7420 7263 3b0a 2020 rub_err_t rc;. \n+0000f970: 2020 202f 2a20 5472 7920 746f 2069 6e69 /* Try to ini\n+0000f980: 7469 616c 697a 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f tialize video mo\n+0000f990: 6465 2031 3032 3420 7820 3736 3820 7769 de 1024 x 768 wi\n+0000f9a0: 7468 2064 6972 6563 7420 5247 422e 2020 th direct RGB. \n+0000f9b0: 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 7263 203d 2067 7275 */. rc = gru\n+0000f9c0: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 7475 7020 2831 b_video_setup (1\n+0000f9d0: 3032 342c 2037 3638 2c20 4752 5542 5f56 024, 768, GRUB_V\n+0000f9e0: 4944 454f 5f4d 4f44 455f 5459 5045 5f52 IDEO_MODE_TYPE_R\n+0000f9f0: 4742 293b 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2028 7263 GB);. if (rc\n+0000fa00: 2021 3d20 4752 5542 5f45 5252 5f4e 4f4e != GRUB_ERR_NON\n+0000fa10: 4529 0a20 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 E). {. \n+0000fa20: 202f 2a20 4661 6c6c 2062 6163 6b20 746f /* Fall back to\n+0000fa30: 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 5647 4120 496e standard VGA In\n+0000fa40: 6465 7820 436f 6c6f 7220 6d6f 6465 2e20 dex Color mode. \n+0000fa50: 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2020 2072 6320 3d20 */. rc = \n+0000fa60: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 6574 7570 grub_video_setup\n+0000fa70: 2028 3634 302c 2034 3830 2c20 4752 5542 (640, 480, GRUB\n+0000fa80: 5f56 4944 454f 5f4d 4f44 455f 5459 5045 _VIDEO_MODE_TYPE\n+0000fa90: 5f49 4e44 4558 293b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 _INDEX);. \n+0000faa0: 6966 2028 7263 2021 3d20 4752 5542 5f45 if (rc != GRUB_E\n+0000fab0: 5252 5f4e 4f4e 4529 0a20 2020 2020 2020 RR_NONE). \n+0000fac0: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 202f 2a20 4861 6e64 {. /* Hand\n+0000fad0: 6c65 2065 7272 6f72 2e20 202a 2f0a 2020 le error. */. \n+0000fae0: 2020 2020 207d 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a31 }. }..1\n+0000faf0: 302e 322e 3220 4578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 0.2.2 Example of\n+0000fb00: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2075 7020 636f 6e73 setting up cons\n+0000fb10: 6f6c 6520 7669 6577 706f 7274 0a2d 2d2d ole viewport.---\n 0000fb20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0000fb30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000fb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 --------.. g\n-0000fb50: 7275 625f 7569 6e74 3332 5f74 2078 2c20 rub_uint32_t x, \n-0000fb60: 792c 2077 6964 7468 2c20 6865 6967 6874 y, width, height\n-0000fb70: 3b0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 ;. grub_vide\n-0000fb80: 6f5f 636f 6c6f 725f 7420 636f 6c6f 723b o_color_t color;\n-0000fb90: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 . struct gru\n-0000fba0: 625f 666f 6e74 5f67 6c79 7068 2067 6c79 b_font_glyph gly\n-0000fbb0: 7068 3b0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 ph;. grub_er\n-0000fbc0: 725f 7420 7263 3b0a 2020 2020 202f 2a20 r_t rc;. /* \n-0000fbd0: 5175 6572 7920 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2076 Query existing v\n-0000fbe0: 6965 7770 6f72 742e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 iewport. */. \n-0000fbf0: 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 6574 grub_video_get\n-0000fc00: 5f76 6965 7770 6f72 7420 2826 782c 2026 _viewport (&x, &\n-0000fc10: 792c 2026 7769 6474 682c 2026 6865 6967 y, &width, &heig\n-0000fc20: 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2020 2f2a 2046 696c ht);. /* Fil\n-0000fc30: 6c20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2e20 202a l background. *\n-0000fc40: 2f0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 6f72 203d 2067 /. color = g\n-0000fc50: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f 636f rub_video_map_co\n-0000fc60: 6c6f 7220 2847 5255 425f 434f 4c4f 525f lor (GRUB_COLOR_\n-0000fc70: 4241 434b 4752 4f55 4e44 293b 0a20 2020 BACKGROUND);. \n-0000fc80: 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f66 696c grub_video_fil\n-0000fc90: 6c5f 7265 6374 2028 636f 6c6f 722c 2030 l_rect (color, 0\n-0000fca0: 2c20 302c 2077 6964 7468 2c20 6865 6967 , 0, width, heig\n-0000fcb0: 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2020 2f2a 2053 6574 ht);. /* Set\n-0000fcc0: 7570 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2076 6965 7770 up console viewp\n-0000fcd0: 6f72 742e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 6772 ort. */. gr\n-0000fce0: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 6574 5f76 6965 ub_video_set_vie\n-0000fcf0: 7770 6f72 7420 2878 202b 2031 302c 2079 wport (x + 10, y\n-0000fd00: 202b 2031 302c 2077 6964 7468 202d 2032 + 10, width - 2\n-0000fd10: 302c 2068 6569 6768 7420 2d20 3230 293b 0, height - 20);\n-0000fd20: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f . grub_video\n-0000fd30: 5f67 6574 5f76 6965 7770 6f72 7420 2826 _get_viewport (&\n-0000fd40: 782c 2026 792c 2026 7769 6474 682c 2026 x, &y, &width, &\n-0000fd50: 6865 6967 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2020 636f height);. co\n-0000fd60: 6c6f 7220 3d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f lor = grub_video\n-0000fd70: 5f6d 6170 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2028 4752 5542 _map_color (GRUB\n-0000fd80: 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f43 4f4e 534f 4c45 5f42 _COLOR_CONSOLE_B\n-0000fd90: 4143 4b47 524f 554e 4429 3b0a 2020 2020 ACKGROUND);. \n-0000fda0: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6669 6c6c grub_video_fill\n-0000fdb0: 5f72 6563 7420 2863 6f6c 6f72 2c20 302c _rect (color, 0,\n-0000fdc0: 2030 2c20 7769 6474 682c 2068 6569 6768 0, width, heigh\n-0000fdd0: 7429 3b0a 2020 2020 202f 2a20 4472 6177 t);. /* Draw\n-0000fde0: 2074 6578 7420 746f 2076 6965 7770 6f72 text to viewpor\n-0000fdf0: 742e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c6f t. */. colo\n-0000fe00: 7220 3d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f6d r = grub_video_m\n-0000fe10: 6170 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2028 4752 5542 5f43 ap_color (GRUB_C\n-0000fe20: 4f4c 4f52 5f43 4f4e 534f 4c45 5f54 4558 OLOR_CONSOLE_TEX\n-0000fe30: 5429 3b0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 666f T);. grub_fo\n-0000fe40: 6e74 5f67 6574 5f67 6c79 7068 2028 2758 nt_get_glyph ('X\n-0000fe50: 272c 2026 676c 7970 6829 3b0a 2020 2020 ', &glyph);. \n-0000fe60: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 grub_video_blit\n-0000fe70: 5f67 6c79 7068 2028 2667 6c79 7068 2c20 _glyph (&glyph, \n-0000fe80: 636f 6c6f 722c 2030 2c20 3029 3b0a 0a1f color, 0, 0);...\n-0000fe90: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d 6465 762e .File: grub-dev.\n-0000fea0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 6974 info, Node: Bit\n-0000feb0: 6d61 7020 4150 492c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 map API, Prev: \n-0000fec0: 4578 616d 706c 6520 7573 6167 6520 6f66 Example usage of\n-0000fed0: 2056 6964 656f 2041 5049 2c20 2055 703a Video API, Up:\n-0000fee0: 2056 6964 656f 2053 7562 7379 7374 656d Video Subsystem\n-0000fef0: 0a0a 3130 2e33 2042 6974 6d61 7020 4150 ..10.3 Bitmap AP\n-0000ff00: 490a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d I.==============\n-0000ff10: 3d0a 0a31 302e 332e 3120 6772 7562 5f76 =..10.3.1 grub_v\n-0000ff20: 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f 6372 6561 ideo_bitmap_crea\n-0000ff30: 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d te.-------------\n+0000fb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 2020 ----------.. \n+0000fb50: 2067 7275 625f 7569 6e74 3332 5f74 2078 grub_uint32_t x\n+0000fb60: 2c20 792c 2077 6964 7468 2c20 6865 6967 , y, width, heig\n+0000fb70: 6874 3b0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 ht;. grub_vi\n+0000fb80: 6465 6f5f 636f 6c6f 725f 7420 636f 6c6f deo_color_t colo\n+0000fb90: 723b 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 2067 r;. struct g\n+0000fba0: 7275 625f 666f 6e74 5f67 6c79 7068 2067 rub_font_glyph g\n+0000fbb0: 6c79 7068 3b0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f lyph;. grub_\n+0000fbc0: 6572 725f 7420 7263 3b0a 2020 2020 202f err_t rc;. /\n+0000fbd0: 2a20 5175 6572 7920 6578 6973 7469 6e67 * Query existing\n+0000fbe0: 2076 6965 7770 6f72 742e 2020 2a2f 0a20 viewport. */. \n+0000fbf0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f67 grub_video_g\n+0000fc00: 6574 5f76 6965 7770 6f72 7420 2826 782c et_viewport (&x,\n+0000fc10: 2026 792c 2026 7769 6474 682c 2026 6865 &y, &width, &he\n+0000fc20: 6967 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2020 2f2a 2046 ight);. /* F\n+0000fc30: 696c 6c20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2e20 ill background. \n+0000fc40: 202a 2f0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 6f72 203d */. color =\n+0000fc50: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d61 705f grub_video_map_\n+0000fc60: 636f 6c6f 7220 2847 5255 425f 434f 4c4f color (GRUB_COLO\n+0000fc70: 525f 4241 434b 4752 4f55 4e44 293b 0a20 R_BACKGROUND);. \n+0000fc80: 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f66 grub_video_f\n+0000fc90: 696c 6c5f 7265 6374 2028 636f 6c6f 722c ill_rect (color,\n+0000fca0: 2030 2c20 302c 2077 6964 7468 2c20 6865 0, 0, width, he\n+0000fcb0: 6967 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2020 2f2a 2053 ight);. /* S\n+0000fcc0: 6574 7570 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2076 6965 etup console vie\n+0000fcd0: 7770 6f72 742e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 wport. */. \n+0000fce0: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f73 6574 5f76 grub_video_set_v\n+0000fcf0: 6965 7770 6f72 7420 2878 202b 2031 302c iewport (x + 10,\n+0000fd00: 2079 202b 2031 302c 2077 6964 7468 202d y + 10, width -\n+0000fd10: 2032 302c 2068 6569 6768 7420 2d20 3230 20, height - 20\n+0000fd20: 293b 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f76 6964 );. grub_vid\n+0000fd30: 656f 5f67 6574 5f76 6965 7770 6f72 7420 eo_get_viewport \n+0000fd40: 2826 782c 2026 792c 2026 7769 6474 682c (&x, &y, &width,\n+0000fd50: 2026 6865 6967 6874 293b 0a20 2020 2020 &height);. \n+0000fd60: 636f 6c6f 7220 3d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 color = grub_vid\n+0000fd70: 656f 5f6d 6170 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2028 4752 eo_map_color (GR\n+0000fd80: 5542 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f43 4f4e 534f 4c45 UB_COLOR_CONSOLE\n+0000fd90: 5f42 4143 4b47 524f 554e 4429 3b0a 2020 _BACKGROUND);. \n+0000fda0: 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6669 grub_video_fi\n+0000fdb0: 6c6c 5f72 6563 7420 2863 6f6c 6f72 2c20 ll_rect (color, \n+0000fdc0: 302c 2030 2c20 7769 6474 682c 2068 6569 0, 0, width, hei\n+0000fdd0: 6768 7429 3b0a 2020 2020 202f 2a20 4472 ght);. /* Dr\n+0000fde0: 6177 2074 6578 7420 746f 2076 6965 7770 aw text to viewp\n+0000fdf0: 6f72 742e 2020 2a2f 0a20 2020 2020 636f ort. */. co\n+0000fe00: 6c6f 7220 3d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f lor = grub_video\n+0000fe10: 5f6d 6170 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2028 4752 5542 _map_color (GRUB\n+0000fe20: 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f43 4f4e 534f 4c45 5f54 _COLOR_CONSOLE_T\n+0000fe30: 4558 5429 3b0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f EXT);. grub_\n+0000fe40: 666f 6e74 5f67 6574 5f67 6c79 7068 2028 font_get_glyph (\n+0000fe50: 2758 272c 2026 676c 7970 6829 3b0a 2020 'X', &glyph);. \n+0000fe60: 2020 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 626c grub_video_bl\n+0000fe70: 6974 5f67 6c79 7068 2028 2667 6c79 7068 it_glyph (&glyph\n+0000fe80: 2c20 636f 6c6f 722c 2030 2c20 3029 3b0a , color, 0, 0);.\n+0000fe90: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d 6465 ...File: grub-de\n+0000fea0: 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 v.info, Node: B\n+0000feb0: 6974 6d61 7020 4150 492c 2020 5072 6576 itmap API, Prev\n+0000fec0: 3a20 4578 616d 706c 6520 7573 6167 6520 : Example usage \n+0000fed0: 6f66 2056 6964 656f 2041 5049 2c20 2055 of Video API, U\n+0000fee0: 703a 2056 6964 656f 2053 7562 7379 7374 p: Video Subsyst\n+0000fef0: 656d 0a0a 3130 2e33 2042 6974 6d61 7020 em..10.3 Bitmap \n+0000ff00: 4150 490a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d API.============\n+0000ff10: 3d3d 3d0a 0a31 302e 332e 3120 6772 7562 ===..10.3.1 grub\n+0000ff20: 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f 6372 _video_bitmap_cr\n+0000ff30: 6561 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eate.-----------\n 0000ff40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0000ff50: 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 --.. * Prototy\n-0000ff60: 7065 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 pe:. gr\n-0000ff70: 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 2067 7275 625f 7669 ub_err_t grub_vi\n-0000ff80: 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 5f63 7265 6174 deo_bitmap_creat\n-0000ff90: 6520 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 e (struct grub_v\n-0000ffa0: 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 2a2a 6269 ideo_bitmap **bi\n-0000ffb0: 746d 6170 2c20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 tmap, unsigned i\n-0000ffc0: 6e74 2077 6964 7468 2c20 756e 7369 676e nt width, unsign\n-0000ffd0: 6564 2069 6e74 2068 6569 6768 742c 2065 ed int height, e\n-0000ffe0: 6e75 6d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 num grub_video_b\n-0000fff0: 6c69 745f 666f 726d 6174 2062 6c69 745f lit_format blit_\n-00010000: 666f 726d 6174 290a 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 format).. * De\n-00010010: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 scription:.. \n-00010020: 2043 7265 6174 6573 2061 206e 6577 2062 Creates a new b\n-00010030: 6974 6d61 7020 7769 7468 2067 6976 656e itmap with given\n-00010040: 2064 696d 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 dimensions and \n-00010050: 626c 6974 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 6d61 742e blitting format.\n-00010060: 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6c6f 6361 7465 6420 . Allocated \n-00010070: 6269 746d 6170 2064 6174 6120 6361 6e20 bitmap data can \n-00010080: 7468 656e 2062 6520 6d6f 6469 6669 6564 then be modified\n-00010090: 2066 7265 656c 7920 616e 6420 6669 6e61 freely and fina\n-000100a0: 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2062 6c69 7474 6564 lly. blitted\n-000100b0: 2077 6974 6820 2767 7275 625f 7669 6465 with 'grub_vide\n-000100c0: 6f5f 626c 6974 5f62 6974 6d61 7027 2074 o_blit_bitmap' t\n-000100d0: 6f20 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7461 7267 o rendering targ\n-000100e0: 6574 2e0a 0a31 302e 332e 3220 6772 7562 et...10.3.2 grub\n-000100f0: 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f 6465 _video_bitmap_de\n-00010100: 7374 726f 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d stroy.----------\n+0000ff50: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f ----.. * Proto\n+0000ff60: 7479 7065 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 type:. \n+0000ff70: 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 2067 7275 625f grub_err_t grub_\n+0000ff80: 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 5f63 7265 video_bitmap_cre\n+0000ff90: 6174 6520 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 ate (struct grub\n+0000ffa0: 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 2a2a _video_bitmap **\n+0000ffb0: 6269 746d 6170 2c20 756e 7369 676e 6564 bitmap, unsigned\n+0000ffc0: 2069 6e74 2077 6964 7468 2c20 756e 7369 int width, unsi\n+0000ffd0: 676e 6564 2069 6e74 2068 6569 6768 742c gned int height,\n+0000ffe0: 2065 6e75 6d20 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f enum grub_video\n+0000fff0: 5f62 6c69 745f 666f 726d 6174 2062 6c69 _blit_format bli\n+00010000: 745f 666f 726d 6174 290a 0a20 2020 2a20 t_format).. * \n+00010010: 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 Description:.. \n+00010020: 2020 2043 7265 6174 6573 2061 206e 6577 Creates a new\n+00010030: 2062 6974 6d61 7020 7769 7468 2067 6976 bitmap with giv\n+00010040: 656e 2064 696d 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 616e en dimensions an\n+00010050: 6420 626c 6974 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 6d61 d blitting forma\n+00010060: 742e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6c6f 6361 7465 t.. Allocate\n+00010070: 6420 6269 746d 6170 2064 6174 6120 6361 d bitmap data ca\n+00010080: 6e20 7468 656e 2062 6520 6d6f 6469 6669 n then be modifi\n+00010090: 6564 2066 7265 656c 7920 616e 6420 6669 ed freely and fi\n+000100a0: 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2062 6c69 7474 nally. blitt\n+000100b0: 6564 2077 6974 6820 2767 7275 625f 7669 ed with 'grub_vi\n+000100c0: 6465 6f5f 626c 6974 5f62 6974 6d61 7027 deo_blit_bitmap'\n+000100d0: 2074 6f20 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7461 to rendering ta\n+000100e0: 7267 6574 2e0a 0a31 302e 332e 3220 6772 rget...10.3.2 gr\n+000100f0: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f ub_video_bitmap_\n+00010100: 6465 7374 726f 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d destroy.--------\n 00010110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00010120: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 726f ------.. * Pro\n-00010130: 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 totype:. \n-00010140: 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 2067 7275 grub_err_t gru\n-00010150: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 5f64 b_video_bitmap_d\n-00010160: 6573 7472 6f79 2028 7374 7275 6374 2067 estroy (struct g\n-00010170: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 rub_video_bitmap\n-00010180: 202a 6269 746d 6170 293b 0a0a 2020 202a *bitmap);.. *\n-00010190: 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 Description:.. \n-000101a0: 2020 2020 5768 656e 2062 6974 6d61 7020 When bitmap \n-000101b0: 6973 206e 6f20 6c6f 6e67 6572 206e 6565 is no longer nee\n-000101c0: 6465 642c 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2066 ded, it can be f\n-000101d0: 7265 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6d65 6d6f 7279 reed from memory\n-000101e0: 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6973 using. this\n-000101f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2027 6269 746d command. 'bitm\n-00010200: 6170 2720 6973 2070 7265 7669 6f75 736c ap' is previousl\n-00010210: 7920 616c 6c6f 6361 7465 6420 6269 746d y allocated bitm\n-00010220: 6170 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 2027 6772 ap with. 'gr\n-00010230: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f ub_video_bitmap_\n-00010240: 6372 6561 7465 2720 6f72 206c 6f61 6465 create' or loade\n-00010250: 6420 7769 7468 2027 6772 7562 5f76 6964 d with 'grub_vid\n-00010260: 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f 6c6f 6164 272e eo_bitmap_load'.\n-00010270: 0a0a 3130 2e33 2e33 2067 7275 625f 7669 ..10.3.3 grub_vi\n-00010280: 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 5f6c 6f61 640a deo_bitmap_load.\n-00010290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000102a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-000102b0: 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a 0a20 * Prototype:. \n-000102c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f 6572 grub_er\n-000102d0: 725f 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 r_t grub_video_b\n-000102e0: 6974 6d61 705f 6c6f 6164 2028 7374 7275 itmap_load (stru\n-000102f0: 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 ct grub_video_bi\n-00010300: 746d 6170 202a 2a62 6974 6d61 702c 2063 tmap **bitmap, c\n-00010310: 6f6e 7374 2063 6861 7220 2a66 696c 656e onst char *filen\n-00010320: 616d 6529 3b0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 ame);.. * Desc\n-00010330: 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 ription:.. T\n-00010340: 7269 6573 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2067 6976 ries to load giv\n-00010350: 656e 2062 6974 6d61 7020 2827 6669 6c65 en bitmap ('file\n-00010360: 6e61 6d65 2729 2075 7369 6e67 2072 6567 name') using reg\n-00010370: 6973 7465 7265 6420 6269 746d 6170 0a20 istered bitmap. \n-00010380: 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 6572 732e 2020 496e loaders. In\n-00010390: 2063 6173 6520 6269 746d 6170 2066 6f72 case bitmap for\n-000103a0: 6d61 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f67 mat is not recog\n-000103b0: 6e69 7a65 6420 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 nized or support\n-000103c0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6572 726f 7220 2747 ed. error 'G\n-000103d0: 5255 425f 4552 525f 4241 445f 4649 4c45 RUB_ERR_BAD_FILE\n-000103e0: 5f54 5950 4527 2069 7320 7265 7475 726e _TYPE' is return\n-000103f0: 6564 2e0a 0a31 302e 332e 3420 6772 7562 ed...10.3.4 grub\n-00010400: 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f 6765 _video_bitmap_ge\n-00010410: 745f 7769 6474 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_width.--------\n+00010120: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a 2050 --------.. * P\n+00010130: 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 rototype:. \n+00010140: 2020 2020 6772 7562 5f65 7272 5f74 2067 grub_err_t g\n+00010150: 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 rub_video_bitmap\n+00010160: 5f64 6573 7472 6f79 2028 7374 7275 6374 _destroy (struct\n+00010170: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d grub_video_bitm\n+00010180: 6170 202a 6269 746d 6170 293b 0a0a 2020 ap *bitmap);.. \n+00010190: 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a * Description:.\n+000101a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 2062 6974 6d61 . When bitma\n+000101b0: 7020 6973 206e 6f20 6c6f 6e67 6572 206e p is no longer n\n+000101c0: 6565 6465 642c 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 eeded, it can be\n+000101d0: 2066 7265 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6d65 6d6f freed from memo\n+000101e0: 7279 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7468 ry using. th\n+000101f0: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2027 6269 is command. 'bi\n+00010200: 746d 6170 2720 6973 2070 7265 7669 6f75 tmap' is previou\n+00010210: 736c 7920 616c 6c6f 6361 7465 6420 6269 sly allocated bi\n+00010220: 746d 6170 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 2027 tmap with. '\n+00010230: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 grub_video_bitma\n+00010240: 705f 6372 6561 7465 2720 6f72 206c 6f61 p_create' or loa\n+00010250: 6465 6420 7769 7468 2027 6772 7562 5f76 ded with 'grub_v\n+00010260: 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f 6c6f 6164 ideo_bitmap_load\n+00010270: 272e 0a0a 3130 2e33 2e33 2067 7275 625f '...10.3.3 grub_\n+00010280: 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 5f6c 6f61 video_bitmap_loa\n+00010290: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d.--------------\n+000102a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+000102b0: 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 653a . * Prototype:\n+000102c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 625f . grub_\n+000102d0: 6572 725f 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f err_t grub_video\n+000102e0: 5f62 6974 6d61 705f 6c6f 6164 2028 7374 _bitmap_load (st\n+000102f0: 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f ruct grub_video_\n+00010300: 6269 746d 6170 202a 2a62 6974 6d61 702c bitmap **bitmap,\n+00010310: 2063 6f6e 7374 2063 6861 7220 2a66 696c const char *fil\n+00010320: 656e 616d 6529 3b0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 ename);.. * De\n+00010330: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 scription:.. \n+00010340: 2054 7269 6573 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2067 Tries to load g\n+00010350: 6976 656e 2062 6974 6d61 7020 2827 6669 iven bitmap ('fi\n+00010360: 6c65 6e61 6d65 2729 2075 7369 6e67 2072 lename') using r\n+00010370: 6567 6973 7465 7265 6420 6269 746d 6170 egistered bitmap\n+00010380: 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 6572 732e 2020 . loaders. \n+00010390: 496e 2063 6173 6520 6269 746d 6170 2066 In case bitmap f\n+000103a0: 6f72 6d61 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2072 6563 ormat is not rec\n+000103b0: 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 6f72 2073 7570 706f ognized or suppo\n+000103c0: 7274 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6572 726f 7220 rted. error \n+000103d0: 2747 5255 425f 4552 525f 4241 445f 4649 'GRUB_ERR_BAD_FI\n+000103e0: 4c45 5f54 5950 4527 2069 7320 7265 7475 LE_TYPE' is retu\n+000103f0: 726e 6564 2e0a 0a31 302e 332e 3420 6772 rned...10.3.4 gr\n+00010400: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f ub_video_bitmap_\n+00010410: 6765 745f 7769 6474 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d get_width.------\n 00010420: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00010430: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a ----------.. *\n-00010440: 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 2020 2020 Prototype:. \n-00010450: 2020 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 unsigned i\n-00010460: 6e74 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 nt grub_video_bi\n-00010470: 746d 6170 5f67 6574 5f77 6964 7468 2028 tmap_get_width (\n-00010480: 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 struct grub_vide\n-00010490: 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 202a 6269 746d 6170 o_bitmap *bitmap\n-000104a0: 293b 0a0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 );.. * Descrip\n-000104b0: 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7475 tion:.. Retu\n-000104c0: 726e 7320 6269 746d 6170 2077 6964 7468 rns bitmap width\n-000104d0: 2e0a 0a31 302e 332e 3520 6772 7562 5f76 ...10.3.5 grub_v\n-000104e0: 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f 6765 745f ideo_bitmap_get_\n-000104f0: 6865 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d height.---------\n+00010430: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 ------------.. \n+00010440: 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 2020 * Prototype:. \n+00010450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 unsigned\n+00010460: 2069 6e74 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f int grub_video_\n+00010470: 6269 746d 6170 5f67 6574 5f77 6964 7468 bitmap_get_width\n+00010480: 2028 7374 7275 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 (struct grub_vi\n+00010490: 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 202a 6269 746d deo_bitmap *bitm\n+000104a0: 6170 293b 0a0a 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 ap);.. * Descr\n+000104b0: 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5265 iption:.. Re\n+000104c0: 7475 726e 7320 6269 746d 6170 2077 6964 turns bitmap wid\n+000104d0: 7468 2e0a 0a31 302e 332e 3520 6772 7562 th...10.3.5 grub\n+000104e0: 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f 6765 _video_bitmap_ge\n+000104f0: 745f 6865 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_height.-------\n 00010500: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00010510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 202a ----------.. *\n-00010520: 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 2020 2020 Prototype:. \n-00010530: 2020 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2069 unsigned i\n-00010540: 6e74 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 nt grub_video_bi\n-00010550: 746d 6170 5f67 6574 5f68 6569 6768 7420 tmap_get_height \n-00010560: 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 (struct grub_vid\n-00010570: 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 2a62 6974 6d61 eo_bitmap *bitma\n-00010580: 7029 3b0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 7269 p);.. * Descri\n-00010590: 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 ption:.. Ret\n-000105a0: 7572 6e20 6269 746d 6170 2068 6569 6768 urn bitmap heigh\n-000105b0: 742e 0a0a 3130 2e33 2e36 2067 7275 625f t...10.3.6 grub_\n-000105c0: 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 5f67 6574 video_bitmap_get\n-000105d0: 5f6d 6f64 655f 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d _mode_info.-----\n+00010510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 ------------.. \n+00010520: 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 2020 * Prototype:. \n+00010530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 unsigned\n+00010540: 2069 6e74 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f int grub_video_\n+00010550: 6269 746d 6170 5f67 6574 5f68 6569 6768 bitmap_get_heigh\n+00010560: 7420 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 t (struct grub_v\n+00010570: 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 2a62 6974 ideo_bitmap *bit\n+00010580: 6d61 7029 3b0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 map);.. * Desc\n+00010590: 7269 7074 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2052 ription:.. R\n+000105a0: 6574 7572 6e20 6269 746d 6170 2068 6569 eturn bitmap hei\n+000105b0: 6768 742e 0a0a 3130 2e33 2e36 2067 7275 ght...10.3.6 gru\n+000105c0: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d 6170 5f67 b_video_bitmap_g\n+000105d0: 6574 5f6d 6f64 655f 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d et_mode_info.---\n 000105e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000105f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00010600: 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 7970 -.. * Prototyp\n-00010610: 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2076 6f69 e:. voi\n-00010620: 6420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 d grub_video_bit\n-00010630: 6d61 705f 6765 745f 6d6f 6465 5f69 6e66 map_get_mode_inf\n-00010640: 6f20 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 5f76 o (struct grub_v\n-00010650: 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 2a62 6974 ideo_bitmap *bit\n-00010660: 6d61 702c 2073 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 map, struct grub\n-00010670: 5f76 6964 656f 5f6d 6f64 655f 696e 666f _video_mode_info\n-00010680: 202a 6d6f 6465 5f69 6e66 6f29 3b0a 0a20 *mode_info);.. \n-00010690: 2020 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e3a * Description:\n-000106a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 7572 6e73 2062 .. Returns b\n-000106b0: 6974 6d61 7020 666f 726d 6174 2064 6574 itmap format det\n-000106c0: 6169 6c73 2069 6e20 666f 726d 206f 6620 ails in form of \n-000106d0: 2767 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d6f 6465 'grub_video_mode\n-000106e0: 5f69 6e66 6f27 2e0a 0a31 302e 332e 3720 _info'...10.3.7 \n-000106f0: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 grub_video_bitma\n-00010700: 705f 6765 745f 6461 7461 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d p_get_data.-----\n+00010600: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5072 6f74 6f74 ---.. * Protot\n+00010610: 7970 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2076 ype:. v\n+00010620: 6f69 6420 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 oid grub_video_b\n+00010630: 6974 6d61 705f 6765 745f 6d6f 6465 5f69 itmap_get_mode_i\n+00010640: 6e66 6f20 2873 7472 7563 7420 6772 7562 nfo (struct grub\n+00010650: 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 2a62 _video_bitmap *b\n+00010660: 6974 6d61 702c 2073 7472 7563 7420 6772 itmap, struct gr\n+00010670: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f6d 6f64 655f 696e ub_video_mode_in\n+00010680: 666f 202a 6d6f 6465 5f69 6e66 6f29 3b0a fo *mode_info);.\n+00010690: 0a20 2020 2a20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f . * Descriptio\n+000106a0: 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 7572 6e73 n:.. Returns\n+000106b0: 2062 6974 6d61 7020 666f 726d 6174 2064 bitmap format d\n+000106c0: 6574 6169 6c73 2069 6e20 666f 726d 206f etails in form o\n+000106d0: 6620 2767 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6d6f f 'grub_video_mo\n+000106e0: 6465 5f69 6e66 6f27 2e0a 0a31 302e 332e de_info'...10.3.\n+000106f0: 3720 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 7 grub_video_bit\n+00010700: 6d61 705f 6765 745f 6461 7461 0a2d 2d2d map_get_data.---\n 00010710: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00010720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2020 ------------.. \n-00010730: 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a 2020 * Prototype:. \n-00010740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 766f 6964 202a 6772 void *gr\n-00010750: 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 705f ub_video_bitmap_\n-00010760: 6765 745f 6461 7461 2028 7374 7275 6374 get_data (struct\n-00010770: 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 746d grub_video_bitm\n-00010780: 6170 202a 6269 746d 6170 293b 0a0a 2020 ap *bitmap);.. \n-00010790: 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 3a0a * Description:.\n-000107a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7475 726e 2070 6f69 . Return poi\n-000107b0: 6e74 6572 2074 6f20 6269 746d 6170 2064 nter to bitmap d\n-000107c0: 6174 612e 2020 436f 6e74 656e 7473 206f ata. Contents o\n-000107d0: 6620 7468 6520 706f 696e 7465 6420 6461 f the pointed da\n-000107e0: 7461 2063 616e 2062 650a 2020 2020 2066 ta can be. f\n-000107f0: 7265 656c 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6564 2e20 reely modified. \n-00010800: 2054 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2065 7874 There is no ext\n-00010810: 7261 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6167 ra protection ag\n-00010820: 6169 6e73 7420 676f 696e 6720 6f66 660a ainst going off.\n-00010830: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2062 6f75 6e64 7320 the bounds \n-00010840: 736f 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f 2062 so you have to b\n-00010850: 6520 6361 7265 6675 6c6c 2068 6f77 2074 e carefull how t\n-00010860: 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6865 2064 6174 o access the dat\n-00010870: 612e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 a.....File: grub\n-00010880: 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 -dev.info, Node\n-00010890: 3a20 5046 4632 2046 6f6e 7420 4669 6c65 : PFF2 Font File\n-000108a0: 2046 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 Format, Next: \n-000108b0: 4772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 4d65 6e75 2053 Graphical Menu S\n-000108c0: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 4465 7369 676e 2c20 oftware Design, \n-000108d0: 2050 7265 763a 2056 6964 656f 2053 7562 Prev: Video Sub\n-000108e0: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 system, Up: Top\n-000108f0: 0a0a 3131 2050 4646 3220 466f 6e74 2046 ..11 PFF2 Font F\n-00010900: 696c 6520 466f 726d 6174 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a ile Format.*****\n+00010720: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00010730: 2020 202a 2050 726f 746f 7479 7065 3a0a * Prototype:.\n+00010740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 766f 6964 202a void *\n+00010750: 6772 7562 5f76 6964 656f 5f62 6974 6d61 grub_video_bitma\n+00010760: 705f 6765 745f 6461 7461 2028 7374 7275 p_get_data (stru\n+00010770: 6374 2067 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 6269 ct grub_video_bi\n+00010780: 746d 6170 202a 6269 746d 6170 293b 0a0a tmap *bitmap);..\n+00010790: 2020 202a 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e * Description\n+000107a0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7475 726e 2070 :.. Return p\n+000107b0: 6f69 6e74 6572 2074 6f20 6269 746d 6170 ointer to bitmap\n+000107c0: 2064 6174 612e 2020 436f 6e74 656e 7473 data. Contents\n+000107d0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 706f 696e 7465 6420 of the pointed \n+000107e0: 6461 7461 2063 616e 2062 650a 2020 2020 data can be. \n+000107f0: 2066 7265 656c 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6564 freely modified\n+00010800: 2e20 2054 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2065 . There is no e\n+00010810: 7874 7261 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 xtra protection \n+00010820: 6167 6169 6e73 7420 676f 696e 6720 6f66 against going of\n+00010830: 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2062 6f75 6e64 f. the bound\n+00010840: 7320 736f 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f s so you have to\n+00010850: 2062 6520 6361 7265 6675 6c6c 2068 6f77 be carefull how\n+00010860: 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6865 2064 to access the d\n+00010870: 6174 612e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ata.....File: gr\n+00010880: 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f ub-dev.info, No\n+00010890: 6465 3a20 5046 4632 2046 6f6e 7420 4669 de: PFF2 Font Fi\n+000108a0: 6c65 2046 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 4e65 7874 le Format, Next\n+000108b0: 3a20 4772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 4d65 6e75 : Graphical Menu\n+000108c0: 2053 6f66 7477 6172 6520 4465 7369 676e Software Design\n+000108d0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2056 6964 656f 2053 , Prev: Video S\n+000108e0: 7562 7379 7374 656d 2c20 2055 703a 2054 ubsystem, Up: T\n+000108f0: 6f70 0a0a 3131 2050 4646 3220 466f 6e74 op..11 PFF2 Font\n+00010900: 2046 696c 6520 466f 726d 6174 0a2a 2a2a File Format.***\n 00010910: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00010920: 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 ***..* Menu:..* \n-00010930: 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 3a3a 0a2a Introduction::.*\n-00010940: 2046 696c 6520 5374 7275 6374 7572 653a File Structure:\n-00010950: 3a0a 2a20 466f 6e74 204d 6574 7269 6373 :.* Font Metrics\n-00010960: 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ::....File: grub\n-00010970: 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 -dev.info, Node\n-00010980: 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2c20 : Introduction, \n-00010990: 204e 6578 743a 2046 696c 6520 5374 7275 Next: File Stru\n-000109a0: 6374 7572 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5046 4632 cture, Up: PFF2\n-000109b0: 2046 6f6e 7420 4669 6c65 2046 6f72 6d61 Font File Forma\n-000109c0: 740a 0a31 312e 3120 496e 7472 6f64 7563 t..11.1 Introduc\n-000109d0: 7469 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d tion.===========\n-000109e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 676f 616c ======..The goal\n-000109f0: 206f 6620 7468 6973 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 of this format \n-00010a00: 6973 2074 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6120 is to provide a \n-00010a10: 6269 746d 6170 2066 6f6e 7420 666f 726d bitmap font form\n-00010a20: 6174 2074 6861 7420 6973 0a73 696d 706c at that is.simpl\n-00010a30: 6520 746f 2075 7365 2c20 636f 6d70 6163 e to use, compac\n-00010a40: 742c 2061 6e64 2063 6c65 616e 6c79 2073 t, and cleanly s\n-00010a50: 7570 706f 7274 7320 556e 6963 6f64 652e upports Unicode.\n-00010a60: 0a0a 3131 2e31 2e31 2047 6f61 6c73 206f ..11.1.1 Goals o\n-00010a70: 6620 7468 6520 4752 5542 2046 6f6e 7420 f the GRUB Font \n-00010a80: 466f 726d 6174 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Format.---------\n+00010920: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a *****..* Menu:..\n+00010930: 2a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 3a3a * Introduction::\n+00010940: 0a2a 2046 696c 6520 5374 7275 6374 7572 .* File Structur\n+00010950: 653a 3a0a 2a20 466f 6e74 204d 6574 7269 e::.* Font Metri\n+00010960: 6373 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 cs::....File: gr\n+00010970: 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f ub-dev.info, No\n+00010980: 6465 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e de: Introduction\n+00010990: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 696c 6520 5374 , Next: File St\n+000109a0: 7275 6374 7572 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5046 ructure, Up: PF\n+000109b0: 4632 2046 6f6e 7420 4669 6c65 2046 6f72 F2 Font File For\n+000109c0: 6d61 740a 0a31 312e 3120 496e 7472 6f64 mat..11.1 Introd\n+000109d0: 7563 7469 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d uction.=========\n+000109e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 676f ========..The go\n+000109f0: 616c 206f 6620 7468 6973 2066 6f72 6d61 al of this forma\n+00010a00: 7420 6973 2074 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 t is to provide \n+00010a10: 6120 6269 746d 6170 2066 6f6e 7420 666f a bitmap font fo\n+00010a20: 726d 6174 2074 6861 7420 6973 0a73 696d rmat that is.sim\n+00010a30: 706c 6520 746f 2075 7365 2c20 636f 6d70 ple to use, comp\n+00010a40: 6163 742c 2061 6e64 2063 6c65 616e 6c79 act, and cleanly\n+00010a50: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 556e 6963 6f64 supports Unicod\n+00010a60: 652e 0a0a 3131 2e31 2e31 2047 6f61 6c73 e...11.1.1 Goals\n+00010a70: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4752 5542 2046 6f6e of the GRUB Fon\n+00010a80: 7420 466f 726d 6174 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t Format.-------\n 00010a90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00010aa0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2020 -----------.. \n-00010ab0: 2a20 5369 6d70 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6164 * Simple to read\n-00010ac0: 2061 6e64 2075 7365 2e20 2053 696e 6365 and use. 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Many \n-00010ea0: 666f 726d 6174 2076 6172 6961 7469 6f6e format variation\n-00010eb0: 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 6279 7465 206f s such as byte o\n-00010ec0: 7264 6572 2061 6e64 2062 6974 6d61 7020 rder and bitmap \n-00010ed0: 7061 6464 696e 6720 2872 6f77 730a 2020 padding (rows. \n-00010ee0: 2020 2070 6164 6465 6420 746f 2062 7974 padded to byt\n-00010ef0: 652c 2077 6f72 642c 2065 7463 2e29 2020 e, word, etc.) \n-00010f00: 776f 756c 6420 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 would result in \n-00010f10: 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6578 2063 6f64 more complex cod\n-00010f20: 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e64 6c65 e to. handle\n-00010f30: 2074 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 666f 726d 6174 the font format\n-00010f40: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d .....File: grub-\n-00010f50: 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a dev.info, Node:\n-00010f60: 2046 696c 6520 5374 7275 6374 7572 652c File Structure,\n-00010f70: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 466f 6e74 204d 6574 Next: Font Met\n-00010f80: 7269 6373 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e74 rics, Prev: Int\n-00010f90: 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 roduction, Up: \n-00010fa0: 5046 4632 2046 6f6e 7420 4669 6c65 2046 PFF2 Font File F\n-00010fb0: 6f72 6d61 740a 0a31 312e 3220 4669 6c65 ormat..11.2 File\n-00010fc0: 2053 7472 7563 7475 7265 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d Structure.=====\n-00010fd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00010fe0: 4120 6669 6c65 202a 7365 6374 696f 6e2a A file *section*\n-00010ff0: 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 7320 6f66 2061 2034 consists of a 4\n-00011000: 2d62 7974 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 6120 3332 -byte name, a 32\n-00011010: 2d62 6974 2062 6967 2d65 6e64 6961 6e20 -bit big-endian \n-00011020: 6c65 6e67 7468 0a28 6e6f 7420 696e 636c length.(not incl\n-00011030: 7564 696e 6720 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f uding the name o\n-00011040: 7220 6c65 6e67 7468 292c 2061 6e64 2074 r length), and t\n-00011050: 6865 6e20 4c45 4e47 5448 206d 6f72 650a hen LENGTH more.\n-00011060: 7365 6374 696f 6e2d 7479 7065 2d73 7065 section-type-spe\n-00011070: 6369 6669 6320 6279 7465 732e 0a0a 2020 cific bytes... \n-00011080: 2054 6865 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 6669 The standard fi\n-00011090: 6c65 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2066 6f72 le extension for\n-000110a0: 2050 4646 3220 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6573 PFF2 font files\n-000110b0: 2069 7320 272e 7066 3227 2e0a 0a31 312e is '.pf2'...11.\n-000110c0: 322e 3120 5365 6374 696f 6e20 5479 7065 2.1 Section Type\n-000110d0: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n-000110e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2746 494c 4527 0a20 ------..'FILE'. \n-000110f0: 2020 2020 2a46 696c 6520 7479 7065 2049 *File type I\n-00011100: 442a 2028 4153 4349 4920 7374 7269 6e67 D* (ASCII string\n-00011110: 292e 2020 5468 6973 206d 7573 7420 6265 ). This must be\n-00011120: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 7469 the first secti\n-00011130: 6f6e 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 on in. the f\n-00011140: 696c 652e 2020 4974 2068 6173 206c 656e ile. It has len\n-00011150: 6774 6820 3420 616e 6420 7468 6520 636f gth 4 and the co\n-00011160: 6e74 656e 7473 2061 7265 2074 6865 2066 ntents are the f\n-00011170: 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 our bytes of. \n-00011180: 2020 7468 6520 4153 4349 4920 7374 7269 the ASCII stri\n-00011190: 6e67 2027 5046 4632 272e 0a0a 274e 414d ng 'PFF2'...'NAM\n-000111a0: 4527 0a20 2020 2020 2a46 6f6e 7420 6e61 E'. *Font na\n-000111b0: 6d65 2a20 2841 5343 4949 2073 7472 696e me* (ASCII strin\n-000111c0: 6729 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2074 6865 g). 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The graphi\n-000129b0: 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 2075 7365 7320 7468 cal menu uses th\n-000129c0: 6520 4752 5542 2076 6964 656f 2041 5049 e GRUB video API\n-000129d0: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2063 7572 7265 , which is curre\n-000129e0: 6e74 6c79 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 2056 4553 ntly for.the VES\n-000129f0: 4120 4249 4f53 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e A BIOS extension\n-00012a00: 7320 2856 4245 2920 322e 302b 2e20 2054 s (VBE) 2.0+. T\n-00012a10: 6869 7320 6973 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 his is supported\n-00012a20: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6933 3836 2d70 630a on the i386-pc.\n-00012a30: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 platform. 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'grub_men\n-00012c70: 755f 7669 6577 6572 5f72 6567 6973 7465 u_viewer_registe\n-00012c80: 7228 2927 2074 6f20 7265 6769 7374 6572 r()' to register\n-00012c90: 2069 7473 656c 662e 290a 2020 202a 2047 itself.). * G\n-00012ca0: 5255 425f 4d4f 445f 494e 4954 2028 6766 RUB_MOD_INIT (gf\n-00012cb0: 786d 656e 7529 205b 6766 786d 656e 752f xmenu) [gfxmenu/\n-00012cc0: 6766 786d 656e 752e 635d 0a20 2020 2a20 gfxmenu.c]. * \n-00012cd0: 6772 7562 5f6d 656e 755f 7669 6577 6572 grub_menu_viewer\n-00012ce0: 5f72 6567 6973 7465 7220 5b6b 6572 6e2f _register [kern/\n-00012cf0: 6d65 6e75 5f76 6965 7765 722e 635d 0a20 menu_viewer.c]. \n-00012d00: 2020 2a20 6772 7562 5f6d 656e 755f 7669 * grub_menu_vi\n-00012d10: 6577 6572 5f73 686f 775f 6d65 6e75 205b ewer_show_menu [\n-00012d20: 6b65 726e 2f6d 656e 755f 7669 6577 6572 kern/menu_viewer\n-00012d30: 2e63 5d0a 2020 202a 2067 6574 5f63 7572 .c]. * get_cur\n-00012d40: 7265 6e74 5f6d 656e 755f 7669 6577 6572 rent_menu_viewer\n-00012d50: 2829 205b 6b65 726e 2f6d 656e 755f 7669 () [kern/menu_vi\n-00012d60: 6577 6572 2e63 5d0a 2020 202a 2073 686f ewer.c]. * sho\n-00012d70: 775f 6d65 6e75 2829 205b 6766 786d 656e w_menu() [gfxmen\n-00012d80: 752f 6766 786d 656e 752e 635d 0a20 2020 u/gfxmenu.c]. \n-00012d90: 2a20 6772 7562 5f67 6678 6d65 6e75 5f6d * grub_gfxmenu_m\n-00012da0: 6f64 656c 5f6e 6577 205b 6766 786d 656e odel_new [gfxmen\n-00012db0: 752f 6d6f 6465 6c2e 635d 0a20 2020 2a20 u/model.c]. * \n-00012dc0: 6772 7562 5f67 6678 6d65 6e75 5f76 6965 grub_gfxmenu_vie\n-00012dd0: 775f 6e65 7720 5b67 6678 6d65 6e75 2f76 w_new [gfxmenu/v\n-00012de0: 6965 772e 635d 0a20 2020 2a20 7365 745f iew.c]. * set_\n-00012df0: 6772 6170 6869 6373 5f6d 6f64 6520 5b67 graphics_mode [g\n-00012e00: 6678 6d65 6e75 2f76 6965 772e 635d 0a20 fxmenu/view.c]. \n-00012e10: 2020 2a20 6772 7562 5f67 6678 6d65 6e75 * grub_gfxmenu\n-00012e20: 5f76 6965 775f 6c6f 6164 5f74 6865 6d65 _view_load_theme\n-00012e30: 205b 6766 786d 656e 752f 7468 656d 655f [gfxmenu/theme_\n-00012e40: 6c6f 6164 6572 2e63 5d0a 0a1f 0a46 696c loader.c]....Fil\n-00012e50: 653a 2067 7275 622d 6465 762e 696e 666f e: grub-dev.info\n-00012e60: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 5549 2043 6f6d , Node: GUI Com\n-00012e70: 706f 6e65 6e74 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ponents, Next: \n-00012e80: 436f 6d6d 616e 6420 4c69 6e65 2057 696e Command Line Win\n-00012e90: 646f 772c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5374 6172 dow, Prev: Star\n-00012ea0: 7475 7020 5365 7175 656e 6365 2c20 2055 tup Sequence, U\n-00012eb0: 703a 2047 7261 7068 6963 616c 204d 656e p: Graphical Men\n-00012ec0: 7520 536f 6674 7761 7265 2044 6573 6967 u Software Desig\n-00012ed0: 6e0a 0a31 322e 3320 4755 4920 436f 6d70 n..12.3 GUI Comp\n-00012ee0: 6f6e 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d onents.=========\n-00012ef0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-00012f00: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 2069 graphical menu i\n-00012f10: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 7320 6120 4755 4920 mplements a GUI \n-00012f20: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7379 7374 656d component system\n-00012f30: 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2061 that supports a\n-00012f40: 0a63 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2d62 6173 6564 .container-based\n-00012f50: 206c 6179 6f75 7420 7379 7374 656d 2e20 layout system. \n-00012f60: 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 6361 6e20 Components can \n-00012f70: 6265 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 be added to cont\n-00012f80: 6169 6e65 7273 2c0a 616e 6420 636f 6e74 ainers,.and cont\n-00012f90: 6169 6e65 7273 2028 7768 6963 6820 6172 ainers (which ar\n-00012fa0: 6520 6120 7479 7065 206f 6620 636f 6d70 e a type of comp\n-00012fb0: 6f6e 656e 7429 2063 616e 2074 6865 6e20 onent) can then \n-00012fc0: 6265 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f0a 6f74 6865 be added to.othe\n-00012fd0: 7220 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c20 746f r containers, to\n-00012fe0: 2066 6f72 6d20 6120 7472 6565 206f 6620 form a tree of \n-00012ff0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2e20 2043 7572 components. Cur\n-00013000: 7265 6e74 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 rently, the root\n-00013010: 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206f 6620 7468 .component of th\n-00013020: 6973 2074 7265 6520 6973 2061 2027 6361 is tree is a 'ca\n-00013030: 6e76 6173 2720 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742c nvas' component,\n-00013040: 2077 6869 6368 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d61 which allows ma\n-00013050: 6e75 616c 0a6c 6179 6f75 7420 6f66 2069 nual.layout of i\n-00013060: 7473 2063 6869 6c64 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 ts child compone\n-00013070: 6e74 732e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 nts... Compone\n-00013080: 6e74 7320 286e 6f6e 2d63 6f6e 7461 696e nts (non-contain\n-00013090: 6572 293a 0a0a 2020 202a 206c 6162 656c er):.. * label\n-000130a0: 0a20 2020 2a20 696d 6167 650a 2020 202a . * image. *\n-000130b0: 2070 726f 6772 6573 735f 6261 720a 2020 progress_bar. \n-000130c0: 202a 2063 6972 6375 6c61 725f 7072 6f67 * circular_prog\n-000130d0: 7265 7373 0a20 2020 2a20 6c69 7374 2028 ress. * list (\n-000130e0: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6861 7264 2063 currently hard c\n-000130f0: 6f64 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2061 2062 6f6f oded to be a boo\n-00013100: 7420 6d65 6e75 206c 6973 7429 0a0a 2020 t menu list).. \n-00013110: 2043 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 733a 0a0a 2020 Containers:.. \n-00013120: 202a 2063 616e 7661 730a 2020 202a 2068 * canvas. * h\n-00013130: 626f 780a 2020 202a 2076 626f 780a 0a20 box. * vbox.. \n-00013140: 2020 5468 6520 4755 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e The GUI compon\n-00013150: 656e 7420 696e 7374 616e 6365 7320 6172 ent instances ar\n-00013160: 6520 6372 6561 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 e created by the\n-00013170: 2074 6865 6d65 206c 6f61 6465 7220 696e theme loader in\n-00013180: 0a27 6766 786d 656e 752f 7468 656d 655f .'gfxmenu/theme_\n-00013190: 6c6f 6164 6572 2e63 2720 7768 656e 2061 loader.c' when a\n-000131a0: 2074 6865 6d65 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 theme is loaded\n-000131b0: 2e20 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6573 2073 . Theme files s\n-000131c0: 7065 6369 6679 0a73 7461 7465 6d65 6e74 pecify.statement\n-000131d0: 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 272b 7662 6f78 s such as '+vbox\n-000131e0: 7b20 2b6c 6162 656c 207b 2074 6578 743d { +label { text=\n-000131f0: 2248 656c 6c6f 2220 7d20 2b6c 6162 656c \"Hello\" } +label\n-00013200: 7b20 7465 7874 3d22 576f 726c 6422 0a7d { text=\"World\".}\n-00013210: 207d 2720 746f 2061 6464 2063 6f6d 706f }' to add compo\n-00013220: 6e65 6e74 7320 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d nents to the com\n-00013230: 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 7265 6520 726f 6f74 ponent tree root\n-00013240: 2e20 2042 7920 6e65 7374 696e 6720 7468 . By nesting th\n-00013250: 650a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 6372 6561 e.component crea\n-00013260: 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 7465 6d65 6e74 7320 tion statements \n-00013270: 696e 2074 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2066 696c in the theme fil\n-00013280: 652c 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6e74 6961 e, the instantia\n-00013290: 7465 640a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2061 ted.components a\n-000132a0: 7265 206e 6573 7465 6420 7468 6520 7361 re nested the sa\n-000132b0: 6d65 2077 6179 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e me way... When\n-000132c0: 2061 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2069 7320 a component is \n-000132d0: 6164 6465 6420 746f 2061 2063 6f6e 7461 added to a conta\n-000132e0: 696e 6572 2c20 7468 6174 206e 6577 2063 iner, that new c\n-000132f0: 6869 6c64 2069 730a 636f 6e73 6964 6572 hild is.consider\n-00013300: 6564 202a 6f77 6e65 642a 2062 7920 7468 ed *owned* by th\n-00013310: 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 722e 2020 4772 e container. Gr\n-00013320: 6561 7420 6361 7265 2073 686f 756c 6420 eat care should \n-00013330: 6265 2074 616b 656e 2069 6620 7468 650a be taken if the.\n-00013340: 6361 6c6c 6572 2072 6574 6169 6e73 2061 caller retains a\n-00013350: 2072 6566 6572 656e 6365 2074 6f20 7468 reference to th\n-00013360: 6520 6368 696c 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e e child componen\n-00013370: 742c 2073 696e 6365 2069 7420 7769 6c6c t, since it will\n-00013380: 2062 650a 6465 7374 726f 7965 6420 6966 be.destroyed if\n-00013390: 2069 7473 2070 6172 656e 7420 636f 6e74 its parent cont\n-000133a0: 6169 6e65 7220 6973 2064 6573 7472 6f79 ainer is destroy\n-000133b0: 6564 2e20 2041 2062 6574 7465 7220 6368 ed. A better ch\n-000133c0: 6f69 6365 2069 6e73 7465 6164 0a6f 6620 oice instead.of \n-000133d0: 7374 6f72 696e 6720 6120 706f 696e 7465 storing a pointe\n-000133e0: 7220 746f 2074 6865 2063 6869 6c64 2063 r to the child c\n-000133f0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2069 7320 746f 2075 omponent is to u\n-00013400: 7365 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 se the component\n-00013410: 2049 440a 746f 2066 696e 6420 7468 6520 ID.to find the \n-00013420: 6465 7369 7265 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e desired componen\n-00013430: 742e 2020 436f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 4944 t. Component ID\n-00013440: 7320 646f 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 746f s do not have to\n-00013450: 2062 6520 756e 6971 7565 0a28 6974 2069 be unique.(it i\n-00013460: 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7573 6566 756c 2074 s often useful t\n-00013470: 6f20 6861 7665 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 o have multiple \n-00013480: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2077 6974 6820 components with \n-00013490: 616e 2049 4420 6f66 0a22 5f5f 7469 6d65 an ID of.\"__time\n-000134a0: 6f75 745f 5f22 2c20 666f 7220 696e 7374 out__\", for inst\n-000134b0: 616e 6365 292e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 ance)... In or\n-000134c0: 6465 7220 746f 2061 6363 6573 7320 616e der to access an\n-000134d0: 6420 7573 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 d use components\n-000134e0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e in the componen\n-000134f0: 7420 7472 6565 2c20 7468 6572 650a 6172 t tree, there.ar\n-00013500: 6520 7477 6f20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 e two functions \n-00013510: 2864 6566 696e 6564 2069 6e20 2767 6678 (defined in 'gfx\n-00013520: 6d65 6e75 2f67 7569 5f75 7469 6c2e 6327 menu/gui_util.c'\n-00013530: 2920 7468 6174 2061 7265 0a70 6172 7469 ) that are.parti\n-00013540: 6375 6c61 726c 7920 7573 6566 756c 3a0a cularly useful:.\n-00013550: 0a20 2020 2a20 2767 7275 625f 6775 695f . * 'grub_gui_\n-00013560: 6669 6e64 5f62 795f 6964 2028 726f 6f74 find_by_id (root\n-00013570: 2c20 6964 2c20 6361 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 , id, callback, \n-00013580: 7573 6572 6461 7461 2927 3a0a 0a20 2020 userdata)':.. \n-00013590: 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 This function \n-000135a0: 6563 7572 7369 7665 6c79 2074 7261 7665 ecursively trave\n-000135b0: 7273 6573 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 rses the compone\n-000135c0: 6e74 2074 7265 6520 726f 6f74 6564 2061 nt tree rooted a\n-000135d0: 740a 2020 2020 2052 4f4f 542c 2061 6e64 t. ROOT, and\n-000135e0: 2066 6f72 2065 7665 7279 2063 6f6d 706f for every compo\n-000135f0: 6e65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 616e nent that has an\n-00013600: 2049 4420 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 442c ID equal to ID,\n-00013610: 2063 616c 6c73 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 calls the. \n-00013620: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2070 6f69 6e74 6564 function pointed\n-00013630: 2074 6f20 6279 2043 414c 4c42 4143 4b20 to by CALLBACK \n-00013640: 7769 7468 2074 6865 206d 6174 6368 696e with the matchin\n-00013650: 6720 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 616e 6420 g component and \n-00013660: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 6f69 6420 706f the. void po\n-00013670: 696e 7465 7220 5553 4552 4441 5441 2061 inter USERDATA a\n-00013680: 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732e 2020 5468 s arguments. Th\n-00013690: 6520 6361 6c6c 6261 636b 2066 756e 6374 e callback funct\n-000136a0: 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 646f 0a20 2020 2020 ion can do. \n-000136b0: 7768 6174 6576 6572 2069 7320 6465 7369 whatever is desi\n-000136c0: 7265 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2063 red to use the c\n-000136d0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2070 6173 7365 6420 omponent passed \n-000136e0: 696e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 2767 7275 625f in... * 'grub_\n-000136f0: 6775 695f 6974 6572 6174 655f 7265 6375 gui_iterate_recu\n-00013700: 7273 6976 656c 7920 2872 6f6f 742c 2063 rsively (root, c\n-00013710: 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2075 7365 7264 6174 allback, userdat\n-00013720: 6129 273a 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 a)':.. This \n-00013730: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2063 616c 6c73 2074 function calls t\n-00013740: 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 706f 696e he function poin\n-00013750: 7465 6420 746f 2062 7920 4341 4c4c 4241 ted to by CALLBA\n-00013760: 434b 2066 6f72 2065 7665 7279 0a20 2020 CK for every. \n-00013770: 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7468 6174 component that\n-00013780: 2069 7320 6120 6465 7363 656e 6461 6e74 is a descendant\n-00013790: 206f 6620 524f 4f54 2069 6e20 7468 6520 of ROOT in the \n-000137a0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7472 6565 2e20 component tree. \n-000137b0: 2057 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 When. the c\n-000137c0: 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e allback function\n-000137d0: 2069 7320 6361 6c6c 6564 2c20 7468 6520 is called, the \n-000137e0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 616e 6420 7468 component and th\n-000137f0: 6520 766f 6964 2070 6f69 6e74 6572 0a20 e void pointer. \n-00013800: 2020 2020 5553 4552 4441 5441 2061 7320 USERDATA as \n-00013810: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732e 2020 5468 6520 arguments. The \n-00013820: 6361 6c6c 6261 636b 2066 756e 6374 696f callback functio\n-00013830: 6e20 6361 6e20 646f 2077 6861 7465 7665 n can do whateve\n-00013840: 7220 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7369 7265 r is. desire\n-00013850: 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2063 6f6d d to use the com\n-00013860: 706f 6e65 6e74 2070 6173 7365 6420 696e ponent passed in\n-00013870: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d .....File: grub-\n-00013880: 6465 762e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a dev.info, Node:\n-00013890: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 204c 696e 6520 5769 Command Line Wi\n-000138a0: 6e64 6f77 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 5549 ndow, Prev: GUI\n-000138b0: 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 732c 2020 5570 Components, Up\n-000138c0: 3a20 4772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 4d65 6e75 : Graphical Menu\n-000138d0: 2053 6f66 7477 6172 6520 4465 7369 676e Software Design\n-000138e0: 0a0a 3132 2e34 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 204c ..12.4 Command L\n-000138f0: 696e 6520 5769 6e64 6f77 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ine Window.=====\n+000127b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a *************..*\n+000127c0: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e 7472 6f64 Menu:..* Introd\n+000127d0: 7563 7469 6f6e 5f32 3a3a 0a2a 2053 7461 uction_2::.* Sta\n+000127e0: 7274 7570 2053 6571 7565 6e63 653a 3a0a rtup Sequence::.\n+000127f0: 2a20 4755 4920 436f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 * GUI Components\n+00012800: 3a3a 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 204c 696e ::.* Command Lin\n+00012810: 6520 5769 6e64 6f77 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 e Window::....Fi\n+00012820: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 le: grub-dev.inf\n+00012830: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 o, Node: Introd\n+00012840: 7563 7469 6f6e 5f32 2c20 204e 6578 743a uction_2, Next:\n+00012850: 2053 7461 7274 7570 2053 6571 7565 6e63 Startup Sequenc\n+00012860: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 4772 6170 6869 6361 e, Up: Graphica\n+00012870: 6c20 4d65 6e75 2053 6f66 7477 6172 6520 l Menu Software \n+00012880: 4465 7369 676e 0a0a 3132 2e31 2049 6e74 Design..12.1 Int\n+00012890: 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d roduction.======\n+000128a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n+000128b0: 2027 6766 786d 656e 7527 206d 6f64 756c 'gfxmenu' modul\n+000128c0: 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 2067 7261 e provides a gra\n+000128d0: 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 phical menu inte\n+000128e0: 7266 6163 6520 666f 7220 4752 5542 2032 rface for GRUB 2\n+000128f0: 2e20 2049 740a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 . It.functions \n+00012900: 6173 2061 6e20 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 as an alternativ\n+00012910: 6520 746f 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 696e e to the menu in\n+00012920: 7465 7266 6163 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 terface provided\n+00012930: 2062 7920 7468 650a 276e 6f72 6d61 6c27 by the.'normal'\n+00012940: 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2075 module, which u\n+00012950: 7365 7320 7468 6520 6772 7562 2074 6572 ses the grub ter\n+00012960: 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 minal interface \n+00012970: 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2061 0a6d 656e to display a.men\n+00012980: 7520 6f6e 2061 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 u on a character\n+00012990: 2d6f 7269 656e 7465 6420 7465 726d 696e -oriented termin\n+000129a0: 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6772 6170 al... The grap\n+000129b0: 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 2075 7365 7320 hical menu uses \n+000129c0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2076 6964 656f 2041 the GRUB video A\n+000129d0: 5049 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2063 7572 PI, which is cur\n+000129e0: 7265 6e74 6c79 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 2056 rently for.the V\n+000129f0: 4553 4120 4249 4f53 2065 7874 656e 7369 ESA BIOS extensi\n+00012a00: 6f6e 7320 2856 4245 2920 322e 302b 2e20 ons (VBE) 2.0+. \n+00012a10: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2073 7570 706f 7274 This is support\n+00012a20: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6933 3836 2d70 ed on the i386-p\n+00012a30: 630a 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e20 2048 6f77 c.platform. How\n+00012a40: 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6772 6170 6869 ever, the graphi\n+00012a50: 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 2069 7473 656c 6620 cal menu itself \n+00012a60: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2064 6570 656e 6420 does not depend \n+00012a70: 6f6e 2075 7369 6e67 0a56 4245 2c20 736f on using.VBE, so\n+00012a80: 2069 6620 616e 6f74 6865 7220 4752 5542 if another GRUB\n+00012a90: 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 7665 7220 7765 video driver we\n+00012aa0: 7265 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2c20 re implemented, \n+00012ab0: 7468 6520 2767 6678 6d65 6e75 270a 6772 the 'gfxmenu'.gr\n+00012ac0: 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 2077 6f75 aphical menu wou\n+00012ad0: 6c64 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2074 6865 206e ld work on the n\n+00012ae0: 6577 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 7665 7220 ew video driver \n+00012af0: 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 as well.....File\n+00012b00: 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c : grub-dev.info,\n+00012b10: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5374 6172 7475 7020 Node: Startup \n+00012b20: 5365 7175 656e 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a Sequence, Next:\n+00012b30: 2047 5549 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 732c GUI Components,\n+00012b40: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 Prev: Introduc\n+00012b50: 7469 6f6e 5f32 2c20 2055 703a 2047 7261 tion_2, Up: Gra\n+00012b60: 7068 6963 616c 204d 656e 7520 536f 6674 phical Menu Soft\n+00012b70: 7761 7265 2044 6573 6967 6e0a 0a31 322e ware Design..12.\n+00012b80: 3220 5374 6172 7475 7020 5365 7175 656e 2 Startup Sequen\n+00012b90: 6365 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ce.=============\n+00012ba0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 2020 202a 2067 ========.. * g\n+00012bb0: 7275 625f 656e 7465 725f 6e6f 726d 616c rub_enter_normal\n+00012bc0: 5f6d 6f64 6520 5b6e 6f72 6d61 6c2f 6d61 _mode [normal/ma\n+00012bd0: 696e 2e63 5d0a 2020 202a 2067 7275 625f in.c]. * grub_\n+00012be0: 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7865 6375 7465 205b normal_execute [\n+00012bf0: 6e6f 726d 616c 2f6d 6169 6e2e 635d 0a20 normal/main.c]. \n+00012c00: 2020 2a20 7265 6164 5f63 6f6e 6669 675f * read_config_\n+00012c10: 6669 6c65 205b 6e6f 726d 616c 2f6d 6169 file [normal/mai\n+00012c20: 6e2e 635d 0a20 2020 2a20 2857 6865 6e20 n.c]. * (When \n+00012c30: 2767 6678 6d65 6e75 2e6d 6f64 2720 6973 'gfxmenu.mod' is\n+00012c40: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7769 7468 2027 696e loaded with 'in\n+00012c50: 736d 6f64 272c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2063 smod', it will c\n+00012c60: 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2027 6772 7562 5f6d all. 'grub_m\n+00012c70: 656e 755f 7669 6577 6572 5f72 6567 6973 enu_viewer_regis\n+00012c80: 7465 7228 2927 2074 6f20 7265 6769 7374 ter()' to regist\n+00012c90: 6572 2069 7473 656c 662e 290a 2020 202a er itself.). *\n+00012ca0: 2047 5255 425f 4d4f 445f 494e 4954 2028 GRUB_MOD_INIT (\n+00012cb0: 6766 786d 656e 7529 205b 6766 786d 656e gfxmenu) [gfxmen\n+00012cc0: 752f 6766 786d 656e 752e 635d 0a20 2020 u/gfxmenu.c]. \n+00012cd0: 2a20 6772 7562 5f6d 656e 755f 7669 6577 * grub_menu_view\n+00012ce0: 6572 5f72 6567 6973 7465 7220 5b6b 6572 er_register [ker\n+00012cf0: 6e2f 6d65 6e75 5f76 6965 7765 722e 635d n/menu_viewer.c]\n+00012d00: 0a20 2020 2a20 6772 7562 5f6d 656e 755f . * grub_menu_\n+00012d10: 7669 6577 6572 5f73 686f 775f 6d65 6e75 viewer_show_menu\n+00012d20: 205b 6b65 726e 2f6d 656e 755f 7669 6577 [kern/menu_view\n+00012d30: 6572 2e63 5d0a 2020 202a 2067 6574 5f63 er.c]. * get_c\n+00012d40: 7572 7265 6e74 5f6d 656e 755f 7669 6577 urrent_menu_view\n+00012d50: 6572 2829 205b 6b65 726e 2f6d 656e 755f er() [kern/menu_\n+00012d60: 7669 6577 6572 2e63 5d0a 2020 202a 2073 viewer.c]. * s\n+00012d70: 686f 775f 6d65 6e75 2829 205b 6766 786d how_menu() [gfxm\n+00012d80: 656e 752f 6766 786d 656e 752e 635d 0a20 enu/gfxmenu.c]. \n+00012d90: 2020 2a20 6772 7562 5f67 6678 6d65 6e75 * grub_gfxmenu\n+00012da0: 5f6d 6f64 656c 5f6e 6577 205b 6766 786d _model_new [gfxm\n+00012db0: 656e 752f 6d6f 6465 6c2e 635d 0a20 2020 enu/model.c]. \n+00012dc0: 2a20 6772 7562 5f67 6678 6d65 6e75 5f76 * grub_gfxmenu_v\n+00012dd0: 6965 775f 6e65 7720 5b67 6678 6d65 6e75 iew_new [gfxmenu\n+00012de0: 2f76 6965 772e 635d 0a20 2020 2a20 7365 /view.c]. * se\n+00012df0: 745f 6772 6170 6869 6373 5f6d 6f64 6520 t_graphics_mode \n+00012e00: 5b67 6678 6d65 6e75 2f76 6965 772e 635d [gfxmenu/view.c]\n+00012e10: 0a20 2020 2a20 6772 7562 5f67 6678 6d65 . * grub_gfxme\n+00012e20: 6e75 5f76 6965 775f 6c6f 6164 5f74 6865 nu_view_load_the\n+00012e30: 6d65 205b 6766 786d 656e 752f 7468 656d me [gfxmenu/them\n+00012e40: 655f 6c6f 6164 6572 2e63 5d0a 0a1f 0a46 e_loader.c]....F\n+00012e50: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d 6465 762e 696e ile: grub-dev.in\n+00012e60: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 5549 2043 fo, Node: GUI C\n+00012e70: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 732c 2020 4e65 7874 omponents, Next\n+00012e80: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6420 4c69 6e65 2057 : Command Line W\n+00012e90: 696e 646f 772c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5374 indow, Prev: St\n+00012ea0: 6172 7475 7020 5365 7175 656e 6365 2c20 artup Sequence, \n+00012eb0: 2055 703a 2047 7261 7068 6963 616c 204d Up: Graphical M\n+00012ec0: 656e 7520 536f 6674 7761 7265 2044 6573 enu Software Des\n+00012ed0: 6967 6e0a 0a31 322e 3320 4755 4920 436f ign..12.3 GUI Co\n+00012ee0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mponents.=======\n+00012ef0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n+00012f00: 6520 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 e graphical menu\n+00012f10: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 7320 6120 4755 implements a GU\n+00012f20: 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7379 7374 I component syst\n+00012f30: 656d 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7473 em that supports\n+00012f40: 2061 0a63 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2d62 6173 a.container-bas\n+00012f50: 6564 206c 6179 6f75 7420 7379 7374 656d ed layout system\n+00012f60: 2e20 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 6361 . Components ca\n+00012f70: 6e20 6265 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 636f n be added to co\n+00012f80: 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c0a 616e 6420 636f ntainers,.and co\n+00012f90: 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2028 7768 6963 6820 ntainers (which \n+00012fa0: 6172 6520 6120 7479 7065 206f 6620 636f are a type of co\n+00012fb0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7429 2063 616e 2074 6865 mponent) can the\n+00012fc0: 6e20 6265 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f0a 6f74 n be added to.ot\n+00012fd0: 6865 7220 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c20 her containers, \n+00012fe0: 746f 2066 6f72 6d20 6120 7472 6565 206f to form a tree o\n+00012ff0: 6620 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2e20 2043 f components. C\n+00013000: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 726f urrently, the ro\n+00013010: 6f74 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206f 6620 ot.component of \n+00013020: 7468 6973 2074 7265 6520 6973 2061 2027 this tree is a '\n+00013030: 6361 6e76 6173 2720 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e canvas' componen\n+00013040: 742c 2077 6869 6368 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 t, which allows \n+00013050: 6d61 6e75 616c 0a6c 6179 6f75 7420 6f66 manual.layout of\n+00013060: 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 2063 6f6d 706f its child compo\n+00013070: 6e65 6e74 732e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 706f nents... Compo\n+00013080: 6e65 6e74 7320 286e 6f6e 2d63 6f6e 7461 nents (non-conta\n+00013090: 696e 6572 293a 0a0a 2020 202a 206c 6162 iner):.. * lab\n+000130a0: 656c 0a20 2020 2a20 696d 6167 650a 2020 el. * image. \n+000130b0: 202a 2070 726f 6772 6573 735f 6261 720a * progress_bar.\n+000130c0: 2020 202a 2063 6972 6375 6c61 725f 7072 * circular_pr\n+000130d0: 6f67 7265 7373 0a20 2020 2a20 6c69 7374 ogress. * list\n+000130e0: 2028 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6861 7264 (currently hard\n+000130f0: 2063 6f64 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2061 2062 coded to be a b\n+00013100: 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 206c 6973 7429 0a0a oot menu list)..\n+00013110: 2020 2043 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 733a 0a0a Containers:..\n+00013120: 2020 202a 2063 616e 7661 730a 2020 202a * canvas. *\n+00013130: 2068 626f 780a 2020 202a 2076 626f 780a hbox. * vbox.\n+00013140: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 4755 4920 636f 6d70 . The GUI comp\n+00013150: 6f6e 656e 7420 696e 7374 616e 6365 7320 onent instances \n+00013160: 6172 6520 6372 6561 7465 6420 6279 2074 are created by t\n+00013170: 6865 2074 6865 6d65 206c 6f61 6465 7220 he theme loader \n+00013180: 696e 0a27 6766 786d 656e 752f 7468 656d in.'gfxmenu/them\n+00013190: 655f 6c6f 6164 6572 2e63 2720 7768 656e e_loader.c' when\n+000131a0: 2061 2074 6865 6d65 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 a theme is load\n+000131b0: 6564 2e20 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6573 ed. Theme files\n+000131c0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 0a73 7461 7465 6d65 specify.stateme\n+000131d0: 6e74 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 272b 7662 nts such as '+vb\n+000131e0: 6f78 7b20 2b6c 6162 656c 207b 2074 6578 ox{ +label { tex\n+000131f0: 743d 2248 656c 6c6f 2220 7d20 2b6c 6162 t=\"Hello\" } +lab\n+00013200: 656c 7b20 7465 7874 3d22 576f 726c 6422 el{ text=\"World\"\n+00013210: 0a7d 207d 2720 746f 2061 6464 2063 6f6d .} }' to add com\n+00013220: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 746f 2074 6865 2063 ponents to the c\n+00013230: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 7265 6520 726f omponent tree ro\n+00013240: 6f74 2e20 2042 7920 6e65 7374 696e 6720 ot. By nesting \n+00013250: 7468 650a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 6372 the.component cr\n+00013260: 6561 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 7465 6d65 6e74 eation statement\n+00013270: 7320 696e 2074 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2066 s in the theme f\n+00013280: 696c 652c 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6e74 ile, the instant\n+00013290: 6961 7465 640a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 iated.components\n+000132a0: 2061 7265 206e 6573 7465 6420 7468 6520 are nested the \n+000132b0: 7361 6d65 2077 6179 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 same way... Wh\n+000132c0: 656e 2061 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2069 en a component i\n+000132d0: 7320 6164 6465 6420 746f 2061 2063 6f6e s added to a con\n+000132e0: 7461 696e 6572 2c20 7468 6174 206e 6577 tainer, that new\n+000132f0: 2063 6869 6c64 2069 730a 636f 6e73 6964 child is.consid\n+00013300: 6572 6564 202a 6f77 6e65 642a 2062 7920 ered *owned* by \n+00013310: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 722e 2020 the container. \n+00013320: 4772 6561 7420 6361 7265 2073 686f 756c Great care shoul\n+00013330: 6420 6265 2074 616b 656e 2069 6620 7468 d be taken if th\n+00013340: 650a 6361 6c6c 6572 2072 6574 6169 6e73 e.caller retains\n+00013350: 2061 2072 6566 6572 656e 6365 2074 6f20 a reference to \n+00013360: 7468 6520 6368 696c 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e the child compon\n+00013370: 656e 742c 2073 696e 6365 2069 7420 7769 ent, since it wi\n+00013380: 6c6c 2062 650a 6465 7374 726f 7965 6420 ll be.destroyed \n+00013390: 6966 2069 7473 2070 6172 656e 7420 636f if its parent co\n+000133a0: 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 6973 2064 6573 7472 ntainer is destr\n+000133b0: 6f79 6564 2e20 2041 2062 6574 7465 7220 oyed. 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There are st\n-00013b10: 696c 6c20 756e 7265 736f 6c76 6564 2070 ill unresolved p\n-00013b20: 726f 626c 656d 7320 7468 6174 206f 6363 roblems that occ\n-00013b30: 7572 2077 6865 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ur when commands\n-00013b40: 0a61 7265 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 6672 .are executed fr\n-00013b50: 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 om the terminal \n-00013b60: 7769 6e64 6f77 2074 6861 7420 6368 616e window that chan\n-00013b70: 6765 2074 6865 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 ge the graphics \n-00013b80: 6d6f 6465 2e0a 4974 2773 2070 6f73 7369 mode..It's possi\n-00013b90: 626c 6520 7468 6174 206d 616b 696e 6720 ble that making \n-00013ba0: 2767 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7265 7374 'grub_video_rest\n-00013bb0: 6f72 6528 2927 2072 6574 7572 6e20 746f ore()' return to\n-00013bc0: 2074 6865 2067 7261 7068 6963 730a 6d6f the graphics.mo\n-00013bd0: 6465 2074 6861 7420 7761 7320 696e 2075 de that was in u\n-00013be0: 7365 2062 6566 6f72 6520 2767 7275 625f se before 'grub_\n-00013bf0: 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 7475 7028 2927 2077 video_setup()' w\n-00013c00: 6173 2063 616c 6c65 6420 6d69 6768 7420 as called might \n-00013c10: 6669 780a 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 fix.some of the \n-00013c20: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c problems.....Fil\n-00013c30: 653a 2067 7275 622d 6465 762e 696e 666f e: grub-dev.info\n-00013c40: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2056 6572 6966 6965 , Node: Verifie\n-00013c50: 7273 2066 7261 6d65 776f 726b 2c20 204e rs framework, N\n-00013c60: 6578 743a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6672 ext: Lockdown fr\n-00013c70: 616d 6577 6f72 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 amework, Prev: \n-00013c80: 4772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 4d65 6e75 2053 Graphical Menu S\n-00013c90: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 4465 7369 676e 2c20 oftware Design, \n-00013ca0: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3133 2056 6572 Up: Top..13 Ver\n-00013cb0: 6966 6965 7273 2066 7261 6d65 776f 726b ifiers framework\n-00013cc0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n-00013cd0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6f20 7265 6769 *******..To regi\n-00013ce0: 7374 6572 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 6e20 7665 ster your own ve\n-00013cf0: 7269 6669 6572 2063 616c 6c20 2767 7275 rifier call 'gru\n-00013d00: 625f 7665 7269 6669 6572 5f72 6567 6973 b_verifier_regis\n-00013d10: 7465 7227 2077 6974 6820 610a 7374 7275 ter' with a.stru\n-00013d20: 6374 7572 6520 706f 696e 7469 6e67 2074 cture pointing t\n-00013d30: 6f20 796f 7572 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 o your functions\n-00013d40: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 696e 7465 7266 ... 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Det\n-00014060: 6169 6c65 6420 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f ailed descriptio\n-00014070: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2041 5049 3a0a 0a20 n of the API:.. \n-00014080: 2020 4576 6572 7920 7469 6d65 2061 2066 Every time a f\n-00014090: 696c 6520 6973 206f 7065 6e65 6420 796f ile is opened yo\n-000140a0: 7572 2027 696e 6974 2720 6675 6e63 7469 ur 'init' functi\n-000140b0: 6f6e 2069 7320 6361 6c6c 6564 2077 6974 on is called wit\n-000140c0: 6820 6669 6c65 0a64 6573 6372 6970 746f h file.descripto\n-000140d0: 7220 616e 6420 6669 6c65 2074 7970 652e r and file type.\n-000140e0: 2020 596f 7572 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 Your function \n-000140f0: 6361 6e20 6861 7665 2074 6865 2066 6f6c can have the fol\n-00014100: 6c6f 7769 6e67 0a6f 7574 636f 6d65 733a lowing.outcomes:\n-00014110: 0a0a 2020 202a 2072 6574 7572 6e69 6e67 .. * returning\n-00014120: 206e 6f20 6572 726f 7220 616e 6420 7365 no error and se\n-00014130: 7474 696e 6720 272a 666c 6167 7327 2074 tting '*flags' t\n-00014140: 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f56 4552 o. 'GRUB_VER\n-00014150: 4946 595f 464c 4147 535f 4445 4645 525f IFY_FLAGS_DEFER_\n-00014160: 4155 5448 272e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 AUTH'. In this \n-00014170: 6361 7365 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f case verificatio\n-00014180: 6e20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6665 7272 n is. deferr\n-00014190: 6564 2074 6f20 6f74 6865 7220 6163 7469 ed to other acti\n-000141a0: 7665 2076 6572 6966 6965 7273 2e20 2056 ve verifiers. V\n-000141b0: 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c erification fail\n-000141c0: 7320 6966 206e 6f62 6f64 790a 2020 2020 s if nobody. \n-000141d0: 2063 6172 6573 206f 7220 7365 6c65 6374 cares or select\n-000141e0: 6564 2076 6572 6966 6965 7220 6661 696c ed verifier fail\n-000141f0: 732e 0a0a 2020 202a 2072 6574 7572 6e69 s... * returni\n-00014200: 6e67 206e 6f20 6572 726f 7220 616e 6420 ng no error and \n-00014210: 7365 7474 696e 6720 272a 666c 6167 7327 setting '*flags'\n-00014220: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f56 to. 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If you\n-00014420: 206e 6565 6420 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 need the whole \n-00014430: 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 file in a single\n-00014440: 2063 6875 6e6b 2074 6865 6e20 6475 7269 chunk then duri\n-00014450: 6e67 2027 696e 6974 270a 7365 7420 7468 ng 'init'.set th\n-00014460: 6520 6269 7420 2747 5255 425f 5645 5249 e bit 'GRUB_VERI\n-00014470: 4659 5f46 4c41 4753 5f53 494e 474c 455f FY_FLAGS_SINGLE_\n-00014480: 4348 554e 4b27 2069 6e20 272a 666c 6167 CHUNK' in '*flag\n-00014490: 7327 2e20 2044 7572 696e 6720 2769 6e69 s'. During 'ini\n-000144a0: 7427 0a79 6f75 206d 6179 2073 6574 2027 t'.you may set '\n-000144b0: 2a63 6f6e 7465 7874 2720 6966 2079 6f75 *context' if you\n-000144c0: 206e 6565 6420 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c need additional\n-000144d0: 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2e20 2041 7420 6576 context. At ev\n-000144e0: 6572 790a 6974 6572 6174 696f 6e20 796f ery.iteration yo\n-000144f0: 7520 6d61 7920 7265 7475 726e 2061 6e20 u may return an \n-00014500: 6572 726f 7220 616e 6420 7468 6520 6669 error and the fi\n-00014510: 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6f6e 7369 le will be consi\n-00014520: 6465 7265 6420 6173 0a68 6176 696e 6720 dered as.having \n-00014530: 6661 696c 6564 2074 6865 2076 6572 6966 failed the verif\n-00014540: 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ication. If you\n-00014550: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6e6f 2065 7272 6f72 return no error\n-00014560: 2074 6865 6e0a 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 then.verificati\n-00014570: 6f6e 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 6573 2e0a 0a20 on continues... \n-00014580: 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2061 7420 Optionally at \n-00014590: 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2066 the end of the f\n-000145a0: 696c 6520 2766 696e 6927 2c20 6966 2069 ile 'fini', if i\n-000145b0: 7420 6578 6973 7473 2c20 6973 2063 616c t exists, is cal\n-000145c0: 6c65 640a 7769 7468 206a 7573 7420 7468 led.with just th\n-000145d0: 6520 636f 6e74 6578 742e 2020 4966 2079 e context. If y\n-000145e0: 6f75 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6e6f 2065 7272 ou return no err\n-000145f0: 6f72 2064 7572 696e 6720 616e 7920 6f66 or during any of\n-00014600: 2027 696e 6974 272c 0a27 7772 6974 6527 'init',.'write'\n-00014610: 2061 6e64 2027 6669 6e69 2720 7468 656e and 'fini' then\n-00014620: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f6e the file is con\n-00014630: 7369 6465 7265 6420 6173 2068 6176 696e sidered as havin\n-00014640: 6720 7375 6363 6564 6564 0a76 6572 6966 g succeded.verif\n-00014650: 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ication.....File\n-00014660: 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c : grub-dev.info,\n-00014670: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e Node: Lockdown\n-00014680: 2066 7261 6d65 776f 726b 2c20 204e 6578 framework, Nex\n-00014690: 743a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 t: Copying This \n-000146a0: 4d61 6e75 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2056 Manual, Prev: V\n-000146b0: 6572 6966 6965 7273 2066 7261 6d65 776f erifiers framewo\n-000146c0: 726b 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3134 rk, Up: Top..14\n-000146d0: 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6672 616d 6577 Lockdown framew\n-000146e0: 6f72 6b0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ork.************\n-000146f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2047 *********..The G\n-00014700: 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6f63 6b65 RUB can be locke\n-00014710: 6420 646f 776e 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 d down, which is\n-00014720: 2061 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 6d6f a restricted mo\n-00014730: 6465 2077 6865 7265 2073 6f6d 650a 6f70 de where some.op\n-00014740: 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2061 7265 206e 6f74 erations are not\n-00014750: 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 2069 allowed. For i\n-00014760: 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2073 6f6d 6520 636f nstance, some co\n-00014770: 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 mmands cannot be\n-00014780: 2075 7365 640a 7768 656e 2074 6865 2047 used.when the G\n-00014790: 5255 4220 6973 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 646f RUB is locked do\n-000147a0: 776e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6675 6e63 wn... The func\n-000147b0: 7469 6f6e 2027 6772 7562 5f6c 6f63 6b64 tion 'grub_lockd\n-000147c0: 6f77 6e28 2927 2069 7320 7573 6564 2074 own()' is used t\n-000147d0: 6f20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2047 5255 4220 o lockdown GRUB \n-000147e0: 616e 6420 7468 650a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e and the.function\n-000147f0: 2027 6772 7562 5f69 735f 6c6f 636b 646f 'grub_is_lockdo\n-00014800: 776e 2829 2720 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2063 wn()' function c\n-00014810: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6368 an be used to ch\n-00014820: 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 720a 6c6f 636b eck whether.lock\n-00014830: 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 6420 down is enabled \n-00014840: 6f72 206e 6f74 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 656e or not. When en\n-00014850: 6162 6c65 642c 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 abled, the funct\n-00014860: 696f 6e20 7265 7475 726e 730a 2747 5255 ion returns.'GRU\n-00014870: 425f 4c4f 434b 444f 574e 5f45 4e41 424c B_LOCKDOWN_ENABL\n-00014880: 4544 2720 616e 6420 2747 5255 425f 4c4f ED' and 'GRUB_LO\n-00014890: 434b 444f 574e 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 4427 CKDOWN_DISABLED'\n-000148a0: 2077 6865 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 0a65 6e61 when is not.ena\n-000148b0: 626c 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 666f bled... The fo\n-000148c0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e llowing function\n-000148d0: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f s can be used to\n-000148e0: 2072 6567 6973 7465 7220 7468 6520 636f register the co\n-000148f0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 6361 6e0a mmands that can.\n-00014900: 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 2077 6865 only be used whe\n-00014910: 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 6469 n lockdown is di\n-00014920: 7361 626c 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 2a20 2767 sabled:.. * 'g\n-00014930: 7275 625f 636d 645f 6c6f 636b 646f 776e rub_cmd_lockdown\n-00014940: 2829 2720 7265 6769 7374 6572 7320 636f ()' registers co\n-00014950: 6d6d 616e 6420 7768 6963 6820 7368 6f75 mmand which shou\n-00014960: 6c64 206e 6f74 2072 756e 2077 6865 6e0a ld not run when.\n-00014970: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 6973 the GRUB is\n-00014980: 2069 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 206d 6f64 in lockdown mod\n-00014990: 652e 0a0a 2020 202a 2027 6772 7562 5f63 e... * 'grub_c\n-000149a0: 6d64 5f6c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e28 2927 2072 md_lockdown()' r\n-000149b0: 6567 6973 7465 7273 2065 7874 656e 6465 egisters extende\n-000149c0: 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7768 6963 6820 d command which \n-000149d0: 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 should not. \n-000149e0: 7275 6e20 7768 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 run when the GRU\n-000149f0: 4220 6973 2069 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e B is in lockdown\n-00014a00: 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 mode.....File: \n-00014a10: 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 grub-dev.info, \n-00014a20: 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 Node: Copying Th\n-00014a30: 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 is Manual, Next\n-00014a40: 3a20 496e 6465 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : Index, Prev: \n-00014a50: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2066 7261 6d65 776f Lockdown framewo\n-00014a60: 726b 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 rk, Up: Top..Ap\n-00014a70: 7065 6e64 6978 2041 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 pendix A Copying\n-00014a80: 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a2a 2a2a This Manual.***\n+00013910: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2074 6572 6d69 =====..The termi\n+00013920: 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2075 7365 6420 nal window used \n+00013930: 746f 2070 726f 7669 6465 2063 6f6d 6d61 to provide comma\n+00013940: 6e64 206c 696e 6520 6163 6365 7373 2077 nd line access w\n+00013950: 6974 6869 6e20 7468 650a 6772 6170 6869 ithin the.graphi\n+00013960: 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 2069 7320 6d61 6e61 cal menu is mana\n+00013970: 6765 6420 6279 2027 6766 786d 656e 752f ged by 'gfxmenu/\n+00013980: 7669 6577 2e63 272e 2020 5468 6520 2767 view.c'. The 'g\n+00013990: 6678 7465 726d 2720 7465 726d 696e 616c fxterm' terminal\n+000139a0: 0a69 7320 7573 6564 2c20 616e 6420 6974 .is used, and it\n+000139b0: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6d6f 6469 6669 has been modifi\n+000139c0: 6564 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7265 6e64 ed to allow rend\n+000139d0: 6572 696e 6720 746f 2061 6e20 6f66 6673 ering to an offs\n+000139e0: 6372 6565 6e0a 7265 6e64 6572 2074 6172 creen.render tar\n+000139f0: 6765 7420 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2069 7420 get to allow it \n+00013a00: 746f 2062 6520 636f 6d70 6f73 6564 2069 to be composed i\n+00013a10: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 646f 7562 6c65 2062 nto the double b\n+00013a20: 7566 6665 7269 6e67 0a73 7973 7465 6d20 uffering.system \n+00013a30: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2067 7261 7068 6963 that the graphic\n+00013a40: 616c 206d 656e 7520 7669 6577 2075 7365 al menu view use\n+00013a50: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6261 6420 s. This is bad \n+00013a60: 666f 7220 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 652c for performance,\n+00013a70: 0a68 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 736f 2069 7420 .however, so it \n+00013a80: 776f 756c 6420 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2062 would probably b\n+00013a90: 6520 6120 676f 6f64 2069 6465 6120 746f e a good idea to\n+00013aa0: 206d 616b 6520 6974 2070 6f73 7369 626c make it possibl\n+00013ab0: 6520 746f 0a74 656d 706f 7261 7269 6c79 e to.temporarily\n+00013ac0: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2064 6f75 626c 6520 disable double \n+00013ad0: 6275 6666 6572 696e 6720 6173 206c 6f6e buffering as lon\n+00013ae0: 6720 6173 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 g as the termina\n+00013af0: 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2069 730a 7669 7369 l window is.visi\n+00013b00: 626c 652e 2020 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 ble. There are \n+00013b10: 7374 696c 6c20 756e 7265 736f 6c76 6564 still unresolved\n+00013b20: 2070 726f 626c 656d 7320 7468 6174 206f problems that o\n+00013b30: 6363 7572 2077 6865 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e ccur when comman\n+00013b40: 6473 0a61 7265 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 ds.are executed \n+00013b50: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 from the termina\n+00013b60: 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2074 6861 7420 6368 l window that ch\n+00013b70: 616e 6765 2074 6865 2067 7261 7068 6963 ange the graphic\n+00013b80: 7320 6d6f 6465 2e0a 4974 2773 2070 6f73 s mode..It's pos\n+00013b90: 7369 626c 6520 7468 6174 206d 616b 696e sible that makin\n+00013ba0: 6720 2767 7275 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7265 g 'grub_video_re\n+00013bb0: 7374 6f72 6528 2927 2072 6574 7572 6e20 store()' return \n+00013bc0: 746f 2074 6865 2067 7261 7068 6963 730a to the graphics.\n+00013bd0: 6d6f 6465 2074 6861 7420 7761 7320 696e mode that was in\n+00013be0: 2075 7365 2062 6566 6f72 6520 2767 7275 use before 'gru\n+00013bf0: 625f 7669 6465 6f5f 7365 7475 7028 2927 b_video_setup()'\n+00013c00: 2077 6173 2063 616c 6c65 6420 6d69 6768 was called migh\n+00013c10: 7420 6669 780a 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 t fix.some of th\n+00013c20: 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 e problems.....F\n+00013c30: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622d 6465 762e 696e ile: grub-dev.in\n+00013c40: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2056 6572 6966 fo, Node: Verif\n+00013c50: 6965 7273 2066 7261 6d65 776f 726b 2c20 iers framework, \n+00013c60: 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 Next: Lockdown \n+00013c70: 6672 616d 6577 6f72 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 framework, Prev\n+00013c80: 3a20 4772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 4d65 6e75 : Graphical Menu\n+00013c90: 2053 6f66 7477 6172 6520 4465 7369 676e Software Design\n+00013ca0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3133 2056 , Up: Top..13 V\n+00013cb0: 6572 6966 6965 7273 2066 7261 6d65 776f erifiers framewo\n+00013cc0: 726b 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a rk.*************\n+00013cd0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6f20 7265 *********..To re\n+00013ce0: 6769 7374 6572 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 6e20 gister your own \n+00013cf0: 7665 7269 6669 6572 2063 616c 6c20 2767 verifier call 'g\n+00013d00: 7275 625f 7665 7269 6669 6572 5f72 6567 rub_verifier_reg\n+00013d10: 6973 7465 7227 2077 6974 6820 610a 7374 ister' with a.st\n+00013d20: 7275 6374 7572 6520 706f 696e 7469 6e67 ructure pointing\n+00013d30: 2074 6f20 796f 7572 2066 756e 6374 696f to your functio\n+00013d40: 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 696e 7465 ns... The inte\n+00013d50: 7266 6163 6520 6973 2069 6e73 7069 7265 rface is inspire\n+00013d60: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2068 6173 6820 696e d by the hash in\n+00013d70: 7465 7266 6163 6520 7769 7468 0a27 696e terface with.'in\n+00013d80: 6974 272f 2777 7269 7465 272f 2766 696e it'/'write'/'fin\n+00013d90: 6927 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6572 6520 6172 i'... There ar\n+00013da0: 6520 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c6c 7920 3220 e essentially 2 \n+00013db0: 7761 7973 206f 6620 7573 696e 6720 6974 ways of using it\n+00013dc0: 2c20 6861 7368 696e 6720 616e 6420 7768 , hashing and wh\n+00013dd0: 6f6c 652d 6669 6c65 0a76 6572 6966 6963 ole-file.verific\n+00013de0: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2057 6974 6820 ation... With \n+00013df0: 7468 6520 6861 7368 696e 6720 6170 7072 the hashing appr\n+00013e00: 6f61 6368 3a20 4475 7269 6e67 2027 696e oach: During 'in\n+00013e10: 6974 2720 796f 7520 6465 6369 6465 2077 it' you decide w\n+00013e20: 6865 7468 6572 2079 6f75 2077 616e 740a hether you want.\n+00013e30: 746f 2063 6865 636b 2074 6865 2067 6976 to check the giv\n+00013e40: 656e 2066 696c 6520 616e 6420 696e 6974 en file and init\n+00013e50: 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2e20 2049 6e20 2777 context. In 'w\n+00013e60: 7269 7465 2720 796f 7520 7570 6461 7465 rite' you update\n+00013e70: 2079 6f75 720a 6861 7368 696e 6720 7374 your.hashing st\n+00013e80: 6174 652e 2020 496e 2027 6669 6e69 2720 ate. In 'fini' \n+00013e90: 796f 7520 6368 6563 6b20 7468 6174 2074 you check that t\n+00013ea0: 6865 2068 6173 6820 6d61 7463 6865 7320 he hash matches \n+00013eb0: 7468 6520 6578 7065 6374 6564 0a76 616c the expected.val\n+00013ec0: 7565 2f70 6173 7365 7320 736f 6d65 2063 ue/passes some c\n+00013ed0: 6865 636b 2f2e 2e2e 0a0a 2020 2057 6974 heck/..... 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Addi\n+00013fb0: 7469 6f6e 616c 2027 7665 7269 6679 5f73 tional 'verify_s\n+00013fc0: 7472 696e 6727 2072 6563 6569 7665 7320 tring' receives \n+00013fd0: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7374 7269 6e67 7320 various strings \n+00013fe0: 6c69 6b65 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 7061 7261 like kernel.para\n+00013ff0: 6d65 7465 7273 2074 6f20 7665 7269 6679 meters to verify\n+00014000: 2e20 2052 6574 7572 6e69 6e67 206e 6f20 . Returning no \n+00014010: 6572 726f 7220 6d65 616e 7320 7375 6363 error means succ\n+00014020: 6573 7366 756c 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 essful verificat\n+00014030: 696f 6e0a 616e 6420 616e 2065 7272 6f72 ion.and an error\n+00014040: 2073 746f 7073 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 stops the curre\n+00014050: 6e74 2061 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2044 nt action... D\n+00014060: 6574 6169 6c65 6420 6465 7363 7269 7074 etailed descript\n+00014070: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2041 5049 3a0a ion of the API:.\n+00014080: 0a20 2020 4576 6572 7920 7469 6d65 2061 . Every time a\n+00014090: 2066 696c 6520 6973 206f 7065 6e65 6420 file is opened \n+000140a0: 796f 7572 2027 696e 6974 2720 6675 6e63 your 'init' func\n+000140b0: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6361 6c6c 6564 2077 tion is called w\n+000140c0: 6974 6820 6669 6c65 0a64 6573 6372 6970 ith file.descrip\n+000140d0: 746f 7220 616e 6420 6669 6c65 2074 7970 tor and file typ\n+000140e0: 652e 2020 596f 7572 2066 756e 6374 696f e. Your functio\n+000140f0: 6e20 6361 6e20 6861 7665 2074 6865 2066 n can have the f\n+00014100: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 0a6f 7574 636f 6d65 ollowing.outcome\n+00014110: 733a 0a0a 2020 202a 2072 6574 7572 6e69 s:.. * returni\n+00014120: 6e67 206e 6f20 6572 726f 7220 616e 6420 ng no error and \n+00014130: 7365 7474 696e 6720 272a 666c 6167 7327 setting '*flags'\n+00014140: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f56 to. 'GRUB_V\n+00014150: 4552 4946 595f 464c 4147 535f 4445 4645 ERIFY_FLAGS_DEFE\n+00014160: 525f 4155 5448 272e 2020 496e 2074 6869 R_AUTH'. In thi\n+00014170: 7320 6361 7365 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 s case verificat\n+00014180: 696f 6e20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6665 ion is. defe\n+00014190: 7272 6564 2074 6f20 6f74 6865 7220 6163 rred to other ac\n+000141a0: 7469 7665 2076 6572 6966 6965 7273 2e20 tive verifiers. \n+000141b0: 2056 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6661 Verification fa\n+000141c0: 696c 7320 6966 206e 6f62 6f64 790a 2020 ils if nobody. \n+000141d0: 2020 2063 6172 6573 206f 7220 7365 6c65 cares or sele\n+000141e0: 6374 6564 2076 6572 6966 6965 7220 6661 cted verifier fa\n+000141f0: 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 202a 2072 6574 7572 ils... * retur\n+00014200: 6e69 6e67 206e 6f20 6572 726f 7220 616e ning no error an\n+00014210: 6420 7365 7474 696e 6720 272a 666c 6167 d setting '*flag\n+00014220: 7327 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 s' to. 'GRUB\n+00014230: 5f56 4552 4946 595f 464c 4147 535f 534b _VERIFY_FLAGS_SK\n+00014240: 4950 5f56 4552 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e27 IP_VERIFICATION'\n+00014250: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 . In this case \n+00014260: 796f 7572 2076 6572 6966 6965 720a 2020 your verifier. \n+00014270: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2063 will not be c\n+00014280: 616c 6c65 6420 616e 796d 6f72 6520 616e alled anymore an\n+00014290: 6420 6974 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 6420 d it is assumed \n+000142a0: 746f 2068 6176 6520 736b 6970 7065 640a to have skipped.\n+000142b0: 2020 2020 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f verificatio\n+000142c0: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 202a 2072 6574 7572 6e69 n... * returni\n+000142d0: 6e67 206e 6f20 6572 726f 7220 616e 6420 ng no error and \n+000142e0: 6e6f 7420 7365 7474 696e 6720 272a 666c not setting '*fl\n+000142f0: 6167 7327 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 4752 ags' to. 'GR\n+00014300: 5542 5f56 4552 4946 595f 464c 4147 535f UB_VERIFY_FLAGS_\n+00014310: 534b 4950 5f56 4552 4946 4943 4154 494f SKIP_VERIFICATIO\n+00014320: 4e27 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 N' In this case \n+00014330: 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 730a verification is.\n+00014340: 2020 2020 2064 6f6e 6520 6173 2064 6573 done as des\n+00014350: 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 666f cribed in the fo\n+00014360: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7365 6374 696f 6e2e llowing section.\n+00014370: 0a0a 2020 202a 2072 6574 7572 6e69 6e67 .. * returning\n+00014380: 2061 6e20 6572 726f 722e 2020 5468 656e an error. Then\n+00014390: 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 opening of the \n+000143a0: 6669 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6661 696c 2064 file will fail d\n+000143b0: 7565 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2066 6169 6c65 ue to. faile\n+000143c0: 6420 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a d verification..\n+000143d0: 0a20 2020 496e 2074 6865 2074 6869 7264 . In the third\n+000143e0: 2063 6173 6520 796f 7572 2027 7772 6974 case your 'writ\n+000143f0: 6527 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 616c 6c65 e' will be calle\n+00014400: 6420 7769 7468 2063 6875 6e6b 7320 6f66 d with chunks of\n+00014410: 2074 6865 0a66 696c 652e 2020 4966 2079 the.file. If y\n+00014420: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 7468 6520 7768 6f6c ou need the whol\n+00014430: 6520 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 6120 7369 6e67 e file in a sing\n+00014440: 6c65 2063 6875 6e6b 2074 6865 6e20 6475 le chunk then du\n+00014450: 7269 6e67 2027 696e 6974 270a 7365 7420 ring 'init'.set \n+00014460: 7468 6520 6269 7420 2747 5255 425f 5645 the bit 'GRUB_VE\n+00014470: 5249 4659 5f46 4c41 4753 5f53 494e 474c RIFY_FLAGS_SINGL\n+00014480: 455f 4348 554e 4b27 2069 6e20 272a 666c E_CHUNK' in '*fl\n+00014490: 6167 7327 2e20 2044 7572 696e 6720 2769 ags'. During 'i\n+000144a0: 6e69 7427 0a79 6f75 206d 6179 2073 6574 nit'.you may set\n+000144b0: 2027 2a63 6f6e 7465 7874 2720 6966 2079 '*context' if y\n+000144c0: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 6164 6469 7469 6f6e ou need addition\n+000144d0: 616c 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2e20 2041 7420 al context. At \n+000144e0: 6576 6572 790a 6974 6572 6174 696f 6e20 every.iteration \n+000144f0: 796f 7520 6d61 7920 7265 7475 726e 2061 you may return a\n+00014500: 6e20 6572 726f 7220 616e 6420 7468 6520 n error and the \n+00014510: 6669 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6f6e file will be con\n+00014520: 7369 6465 7265 6420 6173 0a68 6176 696e sidered as.havin\n+00014530: 6720 6661 696c 6564 2074 6865 2076 6572 g failed the ver\n+00014540: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2079 ification. If y\n+00014550: 6f75 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6e6f 2065 7272 ou return no err\n+00014560: 6f72 2074 6865 6e0a 7665 7269 6669 6361 or then.verifica\n+00014570: 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 6573 2e0a tion continues..\n+00014580: 0a20 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2061 . Optionally a\n+00014590: 7420 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 t the end of the\n+000145a0: 2066 696c 6520 2766 696e 6927 2c20 6966 file 'fini', if\n+000145b0: 2069 7420 6578 6973 7473 2c20 6973 2063 it exists, is c\n+000145c0: 616c 6c65 640a 7769 7468 206a 7573 7420 alled.with just \n+000145d0: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 6578 742e 2020 4966 the context. If\n+000145e0: 2079 6f75 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6e6f 2065 you return no e\n+000145f0: 7272 6f72 2064 7572 696e 6720 616e 7920 rror during any \n+00014600: 6f66 2027 696e 6974 272c 0a27 7772 6974 of 'init',.'writ\n+00014610: 6527 2061 6e64 2027 6669 6e69 2720 7468 e' and 'fini' th\n+00014620: 656e 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 en the file is c\n+00014630: 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 6173 2068 6176 onsidered as hav\n+00014640: 696e 6720 7375 6363 6564 6564 0a76 6572 ing succeded.ver\n+00014650: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ification.....Fi\n+00014660: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 le: grub-dev.inf\n+00014670: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f o, Node: Lockdo\n+00014680: 776e 2066 7261 6d65 776f 726b 2c20 204e wn framework, N\n+00014690: 6578 743a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 ext: Copying Thi\n+000146a0: 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a s Manual, Prev:\n+000146b0: 2056 6572 6966 6965 7273 2066 7261 6d65 Verifiers frame\n+000146c0: 776f 726b 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a work, Up: Top..\n+000146d0: 3134 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6672 616d 14 Lockdown fram\n+000146e0: 6577 6f72 6b0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ework.**********\n+000146f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 ***********..The\n+00014700: 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6f63 GRUB can be loc\n+00014710: 6b65 6420 646f 776e 2c20 7768 6963 6820 ked down, which \n+00014720: 6973 2061 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 is a restricted \n+00014730: 6d6f 6465 2077 6865 7265 2073 6f6d 650a mode where some.\n+00014740: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2061 7265 206e operations are n\n+00014750: 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 ot allowed. For\n+00014760: 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2073 6f6d 6520 instance, some \n+00014770: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 commands cannot \n+00014780: 6265 2075 7365 640a 7768 656e 2074 6865 be used.when the\n+00014790: 2047 5255 4220 6973 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 GRUB is locked \n+000147a0: 646f 776e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6675 down... The fu\n+000147b0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2027 6772 7562 5f6c 6f63 nction 'grub_loc\n+000147c0: 6b64 6f77 6e28 2927 2069 7320 7573 6564 kdown()' is used\n+000147d0: 2074 6f20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2047 5255 to lockdown GRU\n+000147e0: 4220 616e 6420 7468 650a 6675 6e63 7469 B and the.functi\n+000147f0: 6f6e 2027 6772 7562 5f69 735f 6c6f 636b on 'grub_is_lock\n+00014800: 646f 776e 2829 2720 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e down()' function\n+00014810: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n+00014820: 6368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 720a 6c6f check whether.lo\n+00014830: 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 ckdown is enable\n+00014840: 6420 6f72 206e 6f74 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 d or not. When \n+00014850: 656e 6162 6c65 642c 2074 6865 2066 756e enabled, the fun\n+00014860: 6374 696f 6e20 7265 7475 726e 730a 2747 ction returns.'G\n+00014870: 5255 425f 4c4f 434b 444f 574e 5f45 4e41 RUB_LOCKDOWN_ENA\n+00014880: 424c 4544 2720 616e 6420 2747 5255 425f BLED' and 'GRUB_\n+00014890: 4c4f 434b 444f 574e 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 LOCKDOWN_DISABLE\n+000148a0: 4427 2077 6865 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 0a65 D' when is not.e\n+000148b0: 6e61 626c 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 nabled... The \n+000148c0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6675 6e63 7469 following functi\n+000148d0: 6f6e 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ons can be used \n+000148e0: 746f 2072 6567 6973 7465 7220 7468 6520 to register the \n+000148f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 6361 commands that ca\n+00014900: 6e0a 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 2077 n.only be used w\n+00014910: 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 hen lockdown is \n+00014920: 6469 7361 626c 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 2a20 disabled:.. * \n+00014930: 2767 7275 625f 636d 645f 6c6f 636b 646f 'grub_cmd_lockdo\n+00014940: 776e 2829 2720 7265 6769 7374 6572 7320 wn()' registers \n+00014950: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7768 6963 6820 7368 command which sh\n+00014960: 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2072 756e 2077 6865 ould not run whe\n+00014970: 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 n. the GRUB \n+00014980: 6973 2069 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 206d is in lockdown m\n+00014990: 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 202a 2027 6772 7562 ode... * 'grub\n+000149a0: 5f63 6d64 5f6c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e28 2927 _cmd_lockdown()'\n+000149b0: 2072 6567 6973 7465 7273 2065 7874 656e registers exten\n+000149c0: 6465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7768 6963 ded command whic\n+000149d0: 6820 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 h should not. \n+000149e0: 2020 7275 6e20 7768 656e 2074 6865 2047 run when the G\n+000149f0: 5255 4220 6973 2069 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f RUB is in lockdo\n+00014a00: 776e 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 wn mode.....File\n+00014a10: 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 6f2c : grub-dev.info,\n+00014a20: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 Node: Copying \n+00014a30: 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c2c 2020 4e65 This Manual, Ne\n+00014a40: 7874 3a20 496e 6465 782c 2020 5072 6576 xt: Index, Prev\n+00014a50: 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2066 7261 6d65 : Lockdown frame\n+00014a60: 776f 726b 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a work, Up: Top..\n+00014a70: 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2041 2043 6f70 7969 Appendix A Copyi\n+00014a80: 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a2a ng This Manual.*\n 00014a90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00014aa0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d ***********..* M\n-00014ab0: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 enu:..* GNU Free\n-00014ac0: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c Documentation L\n-00014ad0: 6963 656e 7365 3a3a 2020 4c69 6365 6e73 icense:: Licens\n-00014ae0: 6520 666f 7220 636f 7079 696e 6720 7468 e for copying th\n-00014af0: 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 is manual.....Fi\n-00014b00: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 6e66 le: grub-dev.inf\n-00014b10: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e 5520 4672 o, Node: GNU Fr\n-00014b20: 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e ee Documentation\n-00014b30: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 License, Up: C\n-00014b40: 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 opying This Manu\n-00014b50: 616c 0a0a 412e 3120 474e 5520 4672 6565 al..A.1 GNU Free\n-00014b60: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c Documentation L\n-00014b70: 6963 656e 7365 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d icense.=========\n+00014aa0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a *************..*\n+00014ab0: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e 5520 4672 Menu:..* GNU Fr\n+00014ac0: 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e ee Documentation\n+00014ad0: 204c 6963 656e 7365 3a3a 2020 4c69 6365 License:: Lice\n+00014ae0: 6e73 6520 666f 7220 636f 7079 696e 6720 nse for copying \n+00014af0: 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a this manual.....\n+00014b00: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2d64 6576 2e69 File: grub-dev.i\n+00014b10: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e 5520 nfo, Node: GNU \n+00014b20: 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 Free Documentati\n+00014b30: 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 2055 703a on License, Up:\n+00014b40: 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 Copying This Ma\n+00014b50: 6e75 616c 0a0a 412e 3120 474e 5520 4672 nual..A.1 GNU Fr\n+00014b60: 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e ee Documentation\n+00014b70: 204c 6963 656e 7365 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d License.=======\n 00014b80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00014b90: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a20 2020 2020 =========.. \n+00014b90: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a20 2020 ===========.. \n 00014ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00014bb0: 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2031 2e32 2c20 4e6f Version 1.2, No\n-00014bc0: 7665 6d62 6572 2032 3030 320a 0a20 2020 vember 2002.. \n-00014bd0: 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 2843 2920 Copyright (C) \n-00014be0: 3230 3030 2c32 3030 312c 3230 3032 2046 2000,2001,2002 F\n-00014bf0: 7265 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 ree Software Fou\n-00014c00: 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 2020 ndation, Inc.. \n-00014c10: 2020 2035 3120 4672 616e 6b6c 696e 2053 51 Franklin S\n-00014c20: 742c 2046 6966 7468 2046 6c6f 6f72 2c20 t, Fifth Floor, \n-00014c30: 426f 7374 6f6e 2c20 4d41 2020 3032 3131 Boston, MA 0211\n-00014c40: 302d 3133 3031 2c20 5553 410a 0a20 2020 0-1301, USA.. \n-00014c50: 2020 4576 6572 796f 6e65 2069 7320 7065 Everyone is pe\n-00014c60: 726d 6974 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PREAMBLE.. \n-00014ce0: 2020 2054 6865 2070 7572 706f 7365 206f The purpose o\n-00014cf0: 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 f this License i\n-00014d00: 7320 746f 206d 616b 6520 6120 6d61 6e75 s to make a manu\n-00014d10: 616c 2c20 7465 7874 626f 6f6b 2c20 6f72 al, textbook, or\n-00014d20: 206f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6675 6e63 other. func\n-00014d30: 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 6e64 2075 7365 6675 tional and usefu\n-00014d40: 6c20 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2022 6672 6565 l document \"free\n-00014d50: 2220 696e 2074 6865 2073 656e 7365 206f \" in the sense o\n-00014d60: 6620 6672 6565 646f 6d3a 2074 6f0a 2020 f freedom: to. \n-00014d70: 2020 2061 7373 7572 6520 6576 6572 796f assure everyo\n-00014d80: 6e65 2074 6865 2065 6666 6563 7469 7665 ne the effective\n-00014d90: 2066 7265 6564 6f6d 2074 6f20 636f 7079 freedom to copy\n-00014da0: 2061 6e64 2072 6564 6973 7472 6962 7574 and redistribut\n-00014db0: 6520 6974 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 e it,. with \n-00014dc0: 6f72 2077 6974 686f 7574 206d 6f64 6966 or without modif\n-00014dd0: 7969 6e67 2069 742c 2065 6974 6865 7220 ying it, either \n-00014de0: 636f 6d6d 6572 6369 616c 6c79 206f 720a commercially or.\n-00014df0: 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 636f 6d6d 6572 6369 noncommerci\n-00014e00: 616c 6c79 2e20 2053 6563 6f6e 6461 7269 ally. 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S\n-000152b0: 7563 6820 6120 6e6f 7469 6365 0a20 2020 uch a notice. \n-000152c0: 2020 6772 616e 7473 2061 2077 6f72 6c64 grants a world\n-000152d0: 2d77 6964 652c 2072 6f79 616c 7479 2d66 -wide, royalty-f\n-000152e0: 7265 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 652c 2075 6e6c ree license, unl\n-000152f0: 696d 6974 6564 2069 6e20 6475 7261 7469 imited in durati\n-00015300: 6f6e 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7573 6520 on,. to use \n-00015310: 7468 6174 2077 6f72 6b20 756e 6465 7220 that work under \n-00015320: 7468 6520 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 2073 the conditions s\n-00015330: 7461 7465 6420 6865 7265 696e 2e20 2054 tated herein. T\n-00015340: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2244 6f63 756d 656e he. \"Documen\n-00015350: 7422 2c20 6265 6c6f 772c 2072 6566 6572 t\", below, refer\n-00015360: 7320 746f 2061 6e79 2073 7563 6820 6d61 s to any such ma\n-00015370: 6e75 616c 206f 7220 776f 726b 2e20 2041 nual or work. 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A \"\n-00015450: 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e Modified Version\n-00015460: 2220 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e \" of the Documen\n-00015470: 7420 6d65 616e 7320 616e 7920 776f 726b t means any work\n-00015480: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 650a containing the.\n-00015490: 2020 2020 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6f72 Document or\n-000154a0: 2061 2070 6f72 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6974 a portion of it\n-000154b0: 2c20 6569 7468 6572 2063 6f70 6965 6420 , either copied \n-000154c0: 7665 7262 6174 696d 2c20 6f72 2077 6974 verbatim, or wit\n-000154d0: 680a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 h. modificat\n-000154e0: 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2f6f 7220 7472 616e ions and/or tran\n-000154f0: 736c 6174 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 616e 6f74 slated into anot\n-00015500: 6865 7220 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 her language... \n-00015510: 2020 2020 4120 2253 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 A \"Secondary\n-00015520: 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2061 206e Section\" is a n\n-00015530: 616d 6564 2061 7070 656e 6469 7820 6f72 amed appendix or\n-00015540: 2061 2066 726f 6e74 2d6d 6174 7465 7220 a front-matter \n-00015550: 7365 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 section. of \n-00015560: 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 the Document tha\n-00015570: 7420 6465 616c 7320 6578 636c 7573 6976 t deals exclusiv\n-00015580: 656c 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 656c ely with the rel\n-00015590: 6174 696f 6e73 6869 7020 6f66 2074 6865 ationship of the\n-000155a0: 0a20 2020 2020 7075 626c 6973 6865 7273 . publishers\n-000155b0: 206f 7220 6175 7468 6f72 7320 6f66 2074 or authors of t\n-000155c0: 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 he Document to t\n-000155d0: 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7427 7320 6f76 he Document's ov\n-000155e0: 6572 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7562 6a65 erall. subje\n-000155f0: 6374 2028 6f72 2074 6f20 7265 6c61 7465 ct (or to relate\n-00015600: 6420 6d61 7474 6572 7329 2061 6e64 2063 d matters) and c\n-00015610: 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 ontains nothing \n-00015620: 7468 6174 2063 6f75 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 that could. \n-00015630: 6661 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 7769 fall directly wi\n-00015640: 7468 696e 2074 6861 7420 6f76 6572 616c thin that overal\n-00015650: 6c20 7375 626a 6563 742e 2020 2854 6875 l subject. 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The \"\n-000157b0: 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f Invariant Sectio\n-000157c0: 6e73 2220 6172 6520 6365 7274 6169 6e20 ns\" are certain \n-000157d0: 5365 636f 6e64 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f Secondary Sectio\n-000157e0: 6e73 2077 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7469 ns whose. ti\n-000157f0: 746c 6573 2061 7265 2064 6573 6967 6e61 tles are designa\n-00015800: 7465 642c 2061 7320 6265 696e 6720 7468 ted, as being th\n-00015810: 6f73 6520 6f66 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 ose of Invariant\n-00015820: 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 732c 2069 6e20 7468 Sections, in th\n-00015830: 650a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 6963 6520 7468 e. notice th\n-00015840: 6174 2073 6179 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 at says that the\n-00015850: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6973 2072 656c Document is rel\n-00015860: 6561 7365 6420 756e 6465 7220 7468 6973 eased under this\n-00015870: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 License.. 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I\n-00015930: 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2064 f the Document d\n-00015940: 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6964 656e 7469 6679 oes not identify\n-00015950: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 7920 496e 7661 7269 . any Invari\n-00015960: 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2074 6865 ant Sections the\n-00015970: 6e20 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6e6f 6e65 n there are none\n-00015980: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 2243 6f76 ... The \"Cov\n-00015990: 6572 2054 6578 7473 2220 6172 6520 6365 er Texts\" are ce\n-000159a0: 7274 6169 6e20 7368 6f72 7420 7061 7373 rtain short pass\n-000159b0: 6167 6573 206f 6620 7465 7874 2074 6861 ages of text tha\n-000159c0: 7420 6172 650a 2020 2020 206c 6973 7465 t are. liste\n-000159d0: 642c 2061 7320 4672 6f6e 742d 436f 7665 d, as Front-Cove\n-000159e0: 7220 5465 7874 7320 6f72 2042 6163 6b2d r Texts or Back-\n-000159f0: 436f 7665 7220 5465 7874 732c 2069 6e20 Cover Texts, in \n-00015a00: 7468 6520 6e6f 7469 6365 0a20 2020 2020 the notice. \n-00015a10: 7468 6174 2073 6179 7320 7468 6174 2074 that says that t\n-00015a20: 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6973 2072 he Document is r\n-00015a30: 656c 6561 7365 6420 756e 6465 7220 7468 eleased under th\n-00015a40: 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2e20 2041 0a20 is License. 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Preserve the n\n-00017b80: 6574 776f 726b 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e2c etwork location,\n-00017b90: 2069 6620 616e 792c 2067 6976 656e 2069 if any, given i\n-00017ba0: 6e20 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 n the Document. \n-00017bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2070 7562 for pub\n-00017bc0: 6c69 6320 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 6120 lic access to a \n-00017bd0: 5472 616e 7370 6172 656e 7420 636f 7079 Transparent copy\n-00017be0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 of the Document\n-00017bf0: 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 , and. \n-00017c00: 6c69 6b65 7769 7365 2074 6865 206e 6574 likewise the net\n-00017c10: 776f 726b 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e73 2067 work locations g\n-00017c20: 6976 656e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 446f 6375 iven in the Docu\n-00017c30: 6d65 6e74 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ment for. \n-00017c40: 2020 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 previous vers\n-00017c50: 696f 6e73 2069 7420 7761 7320 6261 7365 ions it was base\n-00017c60: 6420 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206d 6179 d on. 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If a s\n-00019680: 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 446f ection in the Do\n-00019690: 6375 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 456e 7469 746c cument is Entitl\n-000196a0: 6564 2022 4163 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 656d ed \"Acknowledgem\n-000196b0: 656e 7473 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2244 6564 ents\",. \"Ded\n-000196c0: 6963 6174 696f 6e73 222c 206f 7220 2248 ications\", or \"H\n-000196d0: 6973 746f 7279 222c 2074 6865 2072 6571 istory\", the req\n-000196e0: 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 2028 7365 6374 696f uirement (sectio\n-000196f0: 6e20 3429 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2050 7265 n 4) to. Pre\n-00019700: 7365 7276 6520 6974 7320 5469 746c 6520 serve its Title \n-00019710: 2873 6563 7469 6f6e 2031 2920 7769 6c6c (section 1) will\n-00019720: 2074 7970 6963 616c 6c79 2072 6571 7569 typically requi\n-00019730: 7265 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 650a re changing the.\n-00019740: 2020 2020 2061 6374 7561 6c20 7469 746c actual titl\n-00019750: 652e 0a0a 2020 392e 2054 4552 4d49 4e41 e... 9. 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T\n-00019970: 6865 2046 7265 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 he Free Software\n-00019980: 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 Foundation may \n-00019990: 7075 626c 6973 6820 6e65 772c 2072 6576 publish new, rev\n-000199a0: 6973 6564 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 ised versions of\n-000199b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 . the GNU Fr\n-000199c0: 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e ee Documentation\n-000199d0: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2066 726f 6d20 7469 License from ti\n-000199e0: 6d65 2074 6f20 7469 6d65 2e20 2053 7563 me to time. 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Document d\n-00019c50: 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 oes not specify \n-00019c60: 6120 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 a version number\n-00019c70: 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 of this License\n-00019c80: 2c20 796f 7520 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2063 , you may. c\n-00019c90: 686f 6f73 6520 616e 7920 7665 7273 696f hoose any versio\n-00019ca0: 6e20 6576 6572 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6564 n ever published\n-00019cb0: 2028 6e6f 7420 6173 2061 2064 7261 6674 (not as a draft\n-00019cc0: 2920 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 650a 2020 ) by the Free. \n-00019cd0: 2020 2053 6f66 7477 6172 6520 466f 756e Software Foun\n-00019ce0: 6461 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a41 2e31 2e31 2041 dation...A.1.1 A\n-00019cf0: 4444 454e 4455 4d3a 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 DDENDUM: How to \n-00019d00: 7573 6520 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 use this License\n-00019d10: 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 646f 6375 6d65 for your docume\n-00019d20: 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nts.------------\n+00014bb0: 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2031 2e32 2c20 Version 1.2, \n+00014bc0: 4e6f 7665 6d62 6572 2032 3030 320a 0a20 November 2002.. \n+00014bd0: 2020 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 2843 Copyright (C\n+00014be0: 2920 3230 3030 2c32 3030 312c 3230 3032 ) 2000,2001,2002\n+00014bf0: 2046 7265 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 Free Software F\n+00014c00: 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a oundation, Inc..\n+00014c10: 2020 2020 2035 3120 4672 616e 6b6c 696e 51 Franklin\n+00014c20: 2053 742c 2046 6966 7468 2046 6c6f 6f72 St, Fifth Floor\n+00014c30: 2c20 426f 7374 6f6e 2c20 4d41 2020 3032 , Boston, MA 02\n+00014c40: 3131 302d 3133 3031 2c20 5553 410a 0a20 110-1301, USA.. \n+00014c50: 2020 2020 4576 6572 796f 6e65 2069 7320 Everyone is \n+00014c60: 7065 726d 6974 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 permitted to cop\n+00014c70: 7920 616e 6420 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 y and distribute\n+00014c80: 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 636f 7069 6573 verbatim copies\n+00014c90: 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6c69 . of this li\n+00014ca0: 6365 6e73 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2c20 cense document, \n+00014cb0: 6275 7420 6368 616e 6769 6e67 2069 7420 but changing it \n+00014cc0: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2e0a is not allowed..\n+00014cd0: 0a20 2030 2e20 5052 4541 4d42 4c45 0a0a . 0. PREAMBLE..\n+00014ce0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 7572 706f 7365 The purpose\n+00014cf0: 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 of this License\n+00014d00: 2069 7320 746f 206d 616b 6520 6120 6d61 is to make a ma\n+00014d10: 6e75 616c 2c20 7465 7874 626f 6f6b 2c20 nual, textbook, \n+00014d20: 6f72 206f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6675 or other. fu\n+00014d30: 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 6e64 2075 7365 nctional and use\n+00014d40: 6675 6c20 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2022 6672 ful document \"fr\n+00014d50: 6565 2220 696e 2074 6865 2073 656e 7365 ee\" in the sense\n+00014d60: 206f 6620 6672 6565 646f 6d3a 2074 6f0a of freedom: to.\n+00014d70: 2020 2020 2061 7373 7572 6520 6576 6572 assure ever\n+00014d80: 796f 6e65 2074 6865 2065 6666 6563 7469 yone the effecti\n+00014d90: 7665 2066 7265 6564 6f6d 2074 6f20 636f ve freedom to co\n+00014da0: 7079 2061 6e64 2072 6564 6973 7472 6962 py and redistrib\n+00014db0: 7574 6520 6974 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 ute it,. wit\n+00014dc0: 6820 6f72 2077 6974 686f 7574 206d 6f64 h or without mod\n+00014dd0: 6966 7969 6e67 2069 742c 2065 6974 6865 ifying it, eithe\n+00014de0: 7220 636f 6d6d 6572 6369 616c 6c79 206f r commercially o\n+00014df0: 720a 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 636f 6d6d 6572 r. noncommer\n+00014e00: 6369 616c 6c79 2e20 2053 6563 6f6e 6461 cially. 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This Lice\n+00014ed0: 6e73 6520 6973 2061 206b 696e 6420 6f66 nse is a kind of\n+00014ee0: 2022 636f 7079 6c65 6674 222c 2077 6869 \"copyleft\", whi\n+00014ef0: 6368 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6465 ch means that de\n+00014f00: 7269 7661 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 776f rivative. wo\n+00014f10: 726b 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d rks of the docum\n+00014f20: 656e 7420 6d75 7374 2074 6865 6d73 656c ent must themsel\n+00014f30: 7665 7320 6265 2066 7265 6520 696e 2074 ves be free in t\n+00014f40: 6865 2073 616d 6520 7365 6e73 652e 0a20 he same sense.. \n+00014f50: 2020 2020 4974 2063 6f6d 706c 656d 656e It complemen\n+00014f60: 7473 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2047 656e 6572 ts the GNU Gener\n+00014f70: 616c 2050 7562 6c69 6320 4c69 6365 6e73 al Public Licens\n+00014f80: 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 6120 636f e, which is a co\n+00014f90: 7079 6c65 6674 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6365 pyleft. lice\n+00014fa0: 6e73 6520 6465 7369 676e 6564 2066 6f72 nse designed for\n+00014fb0: 2066 7265 6520 736f 6674 7761 7265 2e0a free software..\n+00014fc0: 0a20 2020 2020 5765 2068 6176 6520 6465 . 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You ac\n+000153d0: 6365 7074 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 cept. the li\n+000153e0: 6365 6e73 6520 6966 2079 6f75 2063 6f70 cense if you cop\n+000153f0: 792c 206d 6f64 6966 7920 6f72 2064 6973 y, modify or dis\n+00015400: 7472 6962 7574 6520 7468 6520 776f 726b tribute the work\n+00015410: 2069 6e20 6120 7761 790a 2020 2020 2072 in a way. r\n+00015420: 6571 7569 7269 6e67 2070 6572 6d69 7373 equiring permiss\n+00015430: 696f 6e20 756e 6465 7220 636f 7079 7269 ion under copyri\n+00015440: 6768 7420 6c61 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 ght law... A\n+00015450: 2022 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 \"Modified Versi\n+00015460: 6f6e 2220 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d on\" of the Docum\n+00015470: 656e 7420 6d65 616e 7320 616e 7920 776f ent means any wo\n+00015480: 726b 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 rk containing th\n+00015490: 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 e. 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A \"Seconda\n+00015520: 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2061 ry Section\" is a\n+00015530: 206e 616d 6564 2061 7070 656e 6469 7820 named appendix \n+00015540: 6f72 2061 2066 726f 6e74 2d6d 6174 7465 or a front-matte\n+00015550: 7220 7365 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f r section. o\n+00015560: 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 f the Document t\n+00015570: 6861 7420 6465 616c 7320 6578 636c 7573 hat deals exclus\n+00015580: 6976 656c 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 ively with the r\n+00015590: 656c 6174 696f 6e73 6869 7020 6f66 2074 elationship of t\n+000155a0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7075 626c 6973 6865 he. publishe\n+000155b0: 7273 206f 7220 6175 7468 6f72 7320 6f66 rs or authors of\n+000155c0: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 746f the Document to\n+000155d0: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7427 7320 the Document's \n+000155e0: 6f76 6572 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7562 overall. sub\n+000155f0: 6a65 6374 2028 6f72 2074 6f20 7265 6c61 ject (or to rela\n+00015600: 7465 6420 6d61 7474 6572 7329 2061 6e64 ted matters) and\n+00015610: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 6e6f 7468 696e contains nothin\n+00015620: 6720 7468 6174 2063 6f75 6c64 0a20 2020 g that could. \n+00015630: 2020 6661 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 fall directly \n+00015640: 7769 7468 696e 2074 6861 7420 6f76 6572 within that over\n+00015650: 616c 6c20 7375 626a 6563 742e 2020 2854 all subject. (T\n+00015660: 6875 732c 2069 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 hus, if the Docu\n+00015670: 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2069 6e20 ment. is in \n+00015680: 7061 7274 2061 2074 6578 7462 6f6f 6b20 part a textbook \n+00015690: 6f66 206d 6174 6865 6d61 7469 6373 2c20 of mathematics, \n+000156a0: 6120 5365 636f 6e64 6172 7920 5365 6374 a Secondary Sect\n+000156b0: 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 ion may not. \n+000156c0: 2065 7870 6c61 696e 2061 6e79 206d 6174 explain any mat\n+000156d0: 6865 6d61 7469 6373 2e29 2020 5468 6520 hematics.) The \n+000156e0: 7265 6c61 7469 6f6e 7368 6970 2063 6f75 relationship cou\n+000156f0: 6c64 2062 6520 6120 6d61 7474 6572 206f ld be a matter o\n+00015700: 660a 2020 2020 2068 6973 746f 7269 6361 f. historica\n+00015710: 6c20 636f 6e6e 6563 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 l connection wit\n+00015720: 6820 7468 6520 7375 626a 6563 7420 6f72 h the subject or\n+00015730: 2077 6974 6820 7265 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 with related ma\n+00015740: 7474 6572 732c 206f 720a 2020 2020 206f tters, or. o\n+00015750: 6620 6c65 6761 6c2c 2063 6f6d 6d65 7263 f legal, commerc\n+00015760: 6961 6c2c 2070 6869 6c6f 736f 7068 6963 ial, philosophic\n+00015770: 616c 2c20 6574 6869 6361 6c20 6f72 2070 al, ethical or p\n+00015780: 6f6c 6974 6963 616c 2070 6f73 6974 696f olitical positio\n+00015790: 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 6567 6172 6469 6e67 n. regarding\n+000157a0: 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 them... 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You. \n+00016770: 2020 2020 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 7573 6520 may not use \n+00016780: 7465 6368 6e69 6361 6c20 6d65 6173 7572 technical measur\n+00016790: 6573 2074 6f20 6f62 7374 7275 6374 206f es to obstruct o\n+000167a0: 7220 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 7468 6520 7265 r control the re\n+000167b0: 6164 696e 670a 2020 2020 206f 7220 6675 ading. or fu\n+000167c0: 7274 6865 7220 636f 7079 696e 6720 6f66 rther copying of\n+000167d0: 2074 6865 2063 6f70 6965 7320 796f 7520 the copies you \n+000167e0: 6d61 6b65 206f 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 make or distribu\n+000167f0: 7465 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c0a 2020 te. However,. \n+00016800: 2020 2079 6f75 206d 6179 2061 6363 6570 you may accep\n+00016810: 7420 636f 6d70 656e 7361 7469 6f6e 2069 t compensation i\n+00016820: 6e20 6578 6368 616e 6765 2066 6f72 2063 n exchange for c\n+00016830: 6f70 6965 732e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 0a20 opies. If you. \n+00016840: 2020 2020 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 2061 distribute a\n+00016850: 206c 6172 6765 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 6e75 large enough nu\n+00016860: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 636f 7069 6573 2079 mber of copies y\n+00016870: 6f75 206d 7573 7420 616c 736f 2066 6f6c ou must also fol\n+00016880: 6c6f 7720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e low the. con\n+00016890: 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 696e 2073 6563 7469 ditions in secti\n+000168a0: 6f6e 2033 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 596f 7520 on 3... You \n+000168b0: 6d61 7920 616c 736f 206c 656e 6420 636f may also lend co\n+000168c0: 7069 6573 2c20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 pies, under the \n+000168d0: 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 same conditions \n+000168e0: 7374 6174 6564 2061 626f 7665 2c0a 2020 stated above,. \n+000168f0: 2020 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206d 6179 2070 and you may p\n+00016900: 7562 6c69 636c 7920 6469 7370 6c61 7920 ublicly display \n+00016910: 636f 7069 6573 2e0a 0a20 2033 2e20 434f copies... 3. CO\n+00016920: 5059 494e 4720 494e 2051 5541 4e54 4954 PYING IN QUANTIT\n+00016930: 590a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2070 Y.. If you p\n+00016940: 7562 6c69 7368 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2063 ublish printed c\n+00016950: 6f70 6965 7320 286f 7220 636f 7069 6573 opies (or copies\n+00016960: 2069 6e20 6d65 6469 6120 7468 6174 2063 in media that c\n+00016970: 6f6d 6d6f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2068 6176 ommonly. hav\n+00016980: 6520 7072 696e 7465 6420 636f 7665 7273 e printed covers\n+00016990: 2920 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e ) of the Documen\n+000169a0: 742c 206e 756d 6265 7269 6e67 206d 6f72 t, numbering mor\n+000169b0: 6520 7468 616e 2031 3030 2c20 616e 640a e than 100, and.\n+000169c0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e the Documen\n+000169d0: 7427 7320 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6e6f 7469 t's license noti\n+000169e0: 6365 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 436f 7665 ce requires Cove\n+000169f0: 7220 5465 7874 732c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 r Texts, you mus\n+00016a00: 740a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 2074 t. enclose t\n+00016a10: 6865 2063 6f70 6965 7320 696e 2063 6f76 he copies in cov\n+00016a20: 6572 7320 7468 6174 2063 6172 7279 2c20 ers that carry, \n+00016a30: 636c 6561 726c 7920 616e 6420 6c65 6769 clearly and legi\n+00016a40: 626c 792c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 bly, all. th\n+00016a50: 6573 6520 436f 7665 7220 5465 7874 733a ese Cover Texts:\n+00016a60: 2046 726f 6e74 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 6578 Front-Cover Tex\n+00016a70: 7473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6672 6f6e 7420 ts on the front \n+00016a80: 636f 7665 722c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 cover, and. \n+00016a90: 4261 636b 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 6578 7473 Back-Cover Texts\n+00016aa0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6261 636b 2063 6f76 on the back cov\n+00016ab0: 6572 2e20 2042 6f74 6820 636f 7665 7273 er. 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State on the \n+00017680: 5469 746c 6520 7061 6765 2074 6865 206e Title page the n\n+00017690: 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2070 7562 6c69 ame of the publi\n+000176a0: 7368 6572 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 sher of the. \n+000176b0: 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 Modified V\n+000176c0: 6572 7369 6f6e 2c20 6173 2074 6865 2070 ersion, as the p\n+000176d0: 7562 6c69 7368 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ublisher... \n+000176e0: 2020 442e 2050 7265 7365 7276 6520 616c D. Preserve al\n+000176f0: 6c20 7468 6520 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 l the copyright \n+00017700: 6e6f 7469 6365 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2044 notices of the D\n+00017710: 6f63 756d 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 ocument... \n+00017720: 2045 2e20 4164 6420 616e 2061 7070 726f E. 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P\n-00000420: 726f 6265 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f robe device info\n-00000430: 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d73 rmation.* grub-s\n-00000440: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 6772 cript-check: (gr\n-00000450: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000460: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e 0a45 -script-check..E\n-00000470: 4e44 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 ND-INFO-DIR-ENTR\n-00000480: 590a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e Y....File: grub.\n-00000490: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 6f70 info, Node: Top\n-000004a0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 , Next: Introdu\n-000004b0: 6374 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 2864 6972 ction, Up: (dir\n-000004c0: 290a 0a47 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6d61 6e75 )..GNU GRUB manu\n-000004d0: 616c 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a al.*************\n-000004e0: 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 **..This is the \n-000004f0: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 documentation of\n-00000500: 2047 4e55 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 2047 GNU GRUB, the G\n-00000510: 5261 6e64 2055 6e69 6669 6564 2042 6f6f Rand Unified Boo\n-00000520: 746c 6f61 6465 722c 2061 0a66 6c65 7869 tloader, a.flexi\n-00000530: 626c 6520 616e 6420 706f 7765 7266 756c ble and powerful\n-00000540: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2070 726f boot loader pro\n-00000550: 6772 616d 2066 6f72 2061 2077 6964 6520 gram for a wide \n-00000560: 7261 6e67 6520 6f66 0a61 7263 6869 7465 range of.archite\n-00000570: 6374 7572 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 ctures... 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2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001010: 2020 2020 536f 6d65 2066 7574 7572 6520 Some future \n-00001020: 706c 616e 7320 6f6e 2047 5255 420a 2a20 plans on GRUB.* \n-00001030: 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e Copying This Man\n-00001040: 7561 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f ual:: Co\n-00001050: 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 pying This Manua\n-00001060: 6c0a 2a20 496e 6465 783a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 l.* Index::....F\n-00001070: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00001080: 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 Node: Introduct\n-00001090: 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e61 6d69 ion, Next: Nami\n-000010a0: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 ng convention, \n-000010b0: 5072 6576 3a20 546f 702c 2020 5570 3a20 Prev: Top, Up: \n-000010c0: 546f 700a 0a31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 Top..1 Introduct\n-000010d0: 696f 6e20 746f 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a ion to GRUB.****\n+00001010: 2020 2020 2020 536f 6d65 2066 7574 7572 Some futur\n+00001020: 6520 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Wh\n-000016d0: 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2077 6974 6820 en booting with \n-000016e0: 4752 5542 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 GRUB, you can us\n-000016f0: 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 e either a comma\n-00001700: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 nd-line interfac\n-00001710: 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e.(*note Command\n-00001720: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a -line interface:\n-00001730: 3a29 2c20 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 696e :), or a menu in\n-00001740: 7465 7266 6163 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204d terface (*note M\n-00001750: 656e 750a 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a29 enu.interface::)\n-00001760: 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d . 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In the foll\n-00001900: 6f77 696e 6720 6368 6170 7465 7273 2c20 owing chapters, \n-00001910: 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 726e 2068 you will learn h\n-00001920: 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 ow to specify a \n-00001930: 6472 6976 652c 2061 0a70 6172 7469 7469 drive, a.partiti\n-00001940: 6f6e 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6669 6c65 206e on, and a file n\n-00001950: 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e 616d 696e ame (*note Namin\n-00001960: 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 g convention::) \n-00001970: 746f 2047 5255 422c 2068 6f77 2074 6f0a to GRUB, how to.\n-00001980: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 install GRUB on \n-00001990: 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 2028 2a6e 6f74 your drive (*not\n-000019a0: 6520 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a e Installation::\n-000019b0: 292c 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 626f ), and how to bo\n-000019c0: 6f74 2079 6f75 720a 4f53 6573 2028 2a6e ot your.OSes (*n\n-000019d0: 6f74 6520 426f 6f74 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 ote Booting::), \n-000019e0: 7374 6570 2062 7920 7374 6570 2e0a 0a1f step by step....\n-000019f0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00001a00: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 , Node: Overvie\n-00001a10: 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 w-Footnotes, Up\n-00001a20: 3a20 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a0a 2020 2028 : Overview.. 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Over the nex\n-00001f50: 7420 6665 7720 7965 6172 732c 2047 5255 t few years, GRU\n-00001f60: 4220 7761 7320 6578 7465 6e64 6564 2074 B was extended t\n-00001f70: 6f20 6d65 6574 206d 616e 7920 6e65 6564 o meet many need\n-00001f80: 732c 2062 7574 2069 740a 7175 6963 6b6c s, but it.quickl\n-00001f90: 7920 6265 6361 6d65 2063 6c65 6172 2074 y became clear t\n-00001fa0: 6861 7420 6974 7320 6465 7369 676e 2077 hat its design w\n-00001fb0: 6173 206e 6f74 206b 6565 7069 6e67 2075 as not keeping u\n-00001fc0: 7020 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a65 7874 656e p with the.exten\n-00001fd0: 7369 6f6e 7320 6265 696e 6720 6d61 6465 sions being made\n-00001fe0: 2074 6f20 6974 2c20 616e 6420 7765 2072 to it, and we r\n-00001ff0: 6561 6368 6564 2074 6865 2070 6f69 6e74 eached the point\n-00002000: 2077 6865 7265 2069 7420 7761 7320 7665 where it was ve\n-00002010: 7279 0a64 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2074 6f20 ry.difficult to \n-00002020: 6d61 6b65 2061 6e79 2066 7572 7468 6572 make any further\n-00002030: 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 changes without\n-00002040: 2062 7265 616b 696e 6720 6578 6973 7469 breaking existi\n-00002050: 6e67 0a66 6561 7475 7265 732e 2020 4172 ng.features. 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It is res\n+000012f0: 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 ponsible for loa\n+00001300: 6469 6e67 2061 6e64 2074 7261 6e73 6665 ding and transfe\n+00001310: 7272 696e 6720 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 746f rring control.to\n+00001320: 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 an operating sy\n+00001330: 7374 656d 2022 6b65 726e 656c 2220 736f stem \"kernel\" so\n+00001340: 6674 7761 7265 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 ftware (such as \n+00001350: 4c69 6e75 7820 6f72 2047 4e55 204d 6163 Linux or GNU Mac\n+00001360: 6829 2e0a 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 h)..The kernel, \n+00001370: 696e 2074 7572 6e2c 2069 6e69 7469 616c in turn, initial\n+00001380: 697a 6573 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 izes the rest of\n+00001390: 2074 6865 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 the operating s\n+000013a0: 7973 7465 6d20 2865 2e67 2e0a 6120 474e ystem (e.g..a GN\n+000013b0: 5520 7379 7374 656d 292e 0a0a 2020 2047 U system)... G\n+000013c0: 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 2076 6572 NU GRUB is a ver\n+000013d0: 7920 706f 7765 7266 756c 2062 6f6f 7420 y powerful boot \n+000013e0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 loader, which ca\n+000013f0: 6e20 6c6f 6164 2061 2077 6964 650a 7661 n load a wide.va\n+00001400: 7269 6574 7920 6f66 2066 7265 6520 6f70 riety of free op\n+00001410: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c erating systems,\n+00001420: 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7072 6f70 as well as prop\n+00001430: 7269 6574 6172 7920 6f70 6572 6174 696e rietary operatin\n+00001440: 670a 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 2063 g.systems with c\n+00001450: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2831 2920 hain-loading(1) \n+00001460: 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d (*note Overview-\n+00001470: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e 2020 Footnote-1::). \n+00001480: 4752 5542 2069 730a 6465 7369 676e 6564 GRUB is.designed\n+00001490: 2074 6f20 6164 6472 6573 7320 7468 6520 to address the \n+000014a0: 636f 6d70 6c65 7869 7479 206f 6620 626f complexity of bo\n+000014b0: 6f74 696e 6720 6120 7065 7273 6f6e 616c oting a personal\n+000014c0: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 723b 2062 6f74 680a computer; both.\n+000014d0: 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 616e 6420 the program and \n+000014e0: 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6172 6520 this manual are \n+000014f0: 7469 6768 746c 7920 626f 756e 6420 746f tightly bound to\n+00001500: 2074 6861 7420 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2070 that computer p\n+00001510: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 0a61 6c74 686f 7567 latform,.althoug\n+00001520: 6820 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 206f 7468 h porting to oth\n+00001530: 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 206d 6179 er platforms may\n+00001540: 2062 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 6420 696e be addressed in\n+00001550: 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 2020 the future... \n+00001560: 204f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d 706f One of the impo\n+00001570: 7274 616e 7420 6665 6174 7572 6573 2069 rtant features i\n+00001580: 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 n GRUB is flexib\n+00001590: 696c 6974 793b 2047 5255 420a 756e 6465 ility; GRUB.unde\n+000015a0: 7273 7461 6e64 7320 6669 6c65 7379 7374 rstands filesyst\n+000015b0: 656d 7320 616e 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2065 ems and kernel e\n+000015c0: 7865 6375 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 xecutable format\n+000015d0: 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f s, so you can lo\n+000015e0: 6164 0a61 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 7920 ad.an arbitrary \n+000015f0: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00001600: 2074 6865 2077 6179 2079 6f75 206c 696b the way you lik\n+00001610: 652c 2077 6974 686f 7574 2072 6563 6f72 e, without recor\n+00001620: 6469 6e67 2074 6865 0a70 6879 7369 6361 ding the.physica\n+00001630: 6c20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 796f l position of yo\n+00001640: 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2074 6865 ur kernel on the\n+00001650: 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 7573 2079 6f75 disk. 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Using the c\n+00001770: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 ommand-line inte\n+00001780: 7266 6163 652c 2079 6f75 2074 7970 6520 rface, you type \n+00001790: 7468 6520 6472 6976 650a 7370 6563 6966 the drive.specif\n+000017a0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6669 6c65 ication and file\n+000017b0: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 name of the ker\n+000017c0: 6e65 6c20 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2e20 2049 nel manually. I\n+000017d0: 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 0a69 6e74 6572 n the menu.inter\n+000017e0: 6661 6365 2c20 796f 7520 6a75 7374 2073 face, you just s\n+000017f0: 656c 6563 7420 616e 204f 5320 7573 696e elect an OS usin\n+00001800: 6720 7468 6520 6172 726f 7720 6b65 7973 g the arrow keys\n+00001810: 2e20 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a62 . The menu is.b\n+00001820: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 6120 636f 6e66 6967 ased on a config\n+00001830: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2077 6869 uration file whi\n+00001840: 6368 2079 6f75 2070 7265 7061 7265 2062 ch you prepare b\n+00001850: 6566 6f72 6568 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 eforehand (*note\n+00001860: 0a43 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a .Configuration::\n+00001870: 292e 2020 5768 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 ). While in the\n+00001880: 206d 656e 752c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 menu, you can s\n+00001890: 7769 7463 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d witch to the com\n+000018a0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a 6d6f 6465 2c20 mand-line.mode, \n+000018b0: 616e 6420 7669 6365 2d76 6572 7361 2e20 and vice-versa. \n+000018c0: 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2065 7665 6e20 6564 You can even ed\n+000018d0: 6974 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 it menu entries \n+000018e0: 6265 666f 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 before using the\n+000018f0: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 7468 6520 666f m... In the fo\n+00001900: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6368 6170 7465 7273 llowing chapters\n+00001910: 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 726e , you will learn\n+00001920: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 how to specify \n+00001930: 6120 6472 6976 652c 2061 0a70 6172 7469 a drive, a.parti\n+00001940: 7469 6f6e 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6669 6c65 tion, and a file\n+00001950: 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e 616d name (*note Nam\n+00001960: 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a ing convention::\n+00001970: 2920 746f 2047 5255 422c 2068 6f77 2074 ) to GRUB, how t\n+00001980: 6f0a 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f o.install GRUB o\n+00001990: 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 2028 2a6e n your drive (*n\n+000019a0: 6f74 6520 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e ote Installation\n+000019b0: 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 ::), and how to \n+000019c0: 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 720a 4f53 6573 2028 boot your.OSes (\n+000019d0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 426f 6f74 696e 673a 3a29 *note Booting::)\n+000019e0: 2c20 7374 6570 2062 7920 7374 6570 2e0a , step by step..\n+000019f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00001a00: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 fo, Node: Overv\n+00001a10: 6965 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 iew-Footnotes, \n+00001a20: 5570 3a20 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a0a 2020 Up: Overview.. \n+00001a30: 2028 3129 2022 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 (1) \"chain-load\n+00001a40: 2220 6973 2074 6865 206d 6563 6861 6e69 \" is the mechani\n+00001a50: 736d 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2075 sm for loading u\n+00001a60: 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 7065 7261 nsupported opera\n+00001a70: 7469 6e67 0a73 7973 7465 6d73 2062 7920 ting.systems by \n+00001a80: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 6f74 6865 7220 loading another \n+00001a90: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4974 boot loader. It\n+00001aa0: 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 is typically us\n+00001ab0: 6564 2066 6f72 0a6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2044 ed for.loading D\n+00001ac0: 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 0a0a OS or Windows...\n+00001ad0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00001ae0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 o, Node: Histor\n+00001af0: 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 616e 6765 y, Next: Change\n+00001b00: 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 s from GRUB Lega\n+00001b10: 6379 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 7665 7276 cy, Prev: Overv\n+00001b20: 6965 772c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 iew, Up: Introd\n+00001b30: 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3220 4869 7374 uction..1.2 Hist\n+00001b40: 6f72 7920 6f66 2047 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d ory of GRUB.====\n+00001b50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00001b60: 0a47 5255 4220 6f72 6967 696e 6174 6564 .GRUB originated\n+00001b70: 2069 6e20 3139 3935 2077 6865 6e20 4572 in 1995 when Er\n+00001b80: 6963 6820 426f 6c65 796e 2077 6173 2074 ich Boleyn was t\n+00001b90: 7279 696e 6720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 rying to boot th\n+00001ba0: 6520 474e 550a 4875 7264 2077 6974 6820 e GNU.Hurd with \n+00001bb0: 7468 6520 556e 6976 6572 7369 7479 206f the University o\n+00001bc0: 6620 5574 6168 2773 204d 6163 6820 3420 f Utah's Mach 4 \n+00001bd0: 6d69 6372 6f6b 6572 6e65 6c20 286e 6f77 microkernel (now\n+00001be0: 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 474e 550a 4d61 known as GNU.Ma\n+00001bf0: 6368 292e 2020 4572 6963 6820 616e 6420 ch). Erich and \n+00001c00: 4272 6961 6e20 466f 7264 2064 6573 6967 Brian Ford desig\n+00001c10: 6e65 6420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ned the Multiboo\n+00001c20: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 t Specification \n+00001c30: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 (*note.Multiboot\n+00001c40: 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 3a20 Specification: \n+00001c50: 286d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2954 6f70 2e29 (multiboot)Top.)\n+00001c60: 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6579 2077 , because they w\n+00001c70: 6572 6520 6465 7465 726d 696e 6564 0a6e ere determined.n\n+00001c80: 6f74 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 2074 6865 ot to add to the\n+00001c90: 206c 6172 6765 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 large number of\n+00001ca0: 206d 7574 7561 6c6c 792d 696e 636f 6d70 mutually-incomp\n+00001cb0: 6174 6962 6c65 2050 4320 626f 6f74 206d atible PC boot m\n+00001cc0: 6574 686f 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4572 6963 ethods... Eric\n+00001cd0: 6820 7468 656e 2062 6567 616e 206d 6f64 h then began mod\n+00001ce0: 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 2046 7265 6542 ifying the FreeB\n+00001cf0: 5344 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2073 SD boot loader s\n+00001d00: 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 776f 756c 640a o that it would.\n+00001d10: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 204d 756c 7469 understand Multi\n+00001d20: 626f 6f74 2e20 2048 6520 736f 6f6e 2072 boot. He soon r\n+00001d30: 6561 6c69 7a65 6420 7468 6174 2069 7420 ealized that it \n+00001d40: 776f 756c 6420 6265 2061 206c 6f74 2065 would be a lot e\n+00001d50: 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a77 7269 7465 2068 asier to.write h\n+00001d60: 6973 206f 776e 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 is own boot load\n+00001d70: 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7363 7261 7463 6820 er from scratch \n+00001d80: 7468 616e 2074 6f20 6b65 6570 2077 6f72 than to keep wor\n+00001d90: 6b69 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a 4672 6565 king on the.Free\n+00001da0: 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c BSD boot loader,\n+00001db0: 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 4752 5542 2077 6173 and so GRUB was\n+00001dc0: 2062 6f72 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2045 7269 6368 born... Erich\n+00001dd0: 2061 6464 6564 206d 616e 7920 6665 6174 added many feat\n+00001de0: 7572 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 ures to GRUB, bu\n+00001df0: 7420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 696f 7269 7469 t other prioriti\n+00001e00: 6573 2070 7265 7665 6e74 6564 2068 696d es prevented him\n+00001e10: 0a66 726f 6d20 6b65 6570 696e 6720 7570 .from keeping up\n+00001e20: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6465 6d61 6e64 with the demand\n+00001e30: 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2071 7569 636b 6c79 s of its quickly\n+00001e40: 2d65 7870 616e 6469 6e67 2075 7365 7220 -expanding user \n+00001e50: 6261 7365 2e20 2049 6e0a 3139 3939 2c20 base. In.1999, \n+00001e60: 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b 6569 Gordon Matzigkei\n+00001e70: 7420 616e 6420 596f 7368 696e 6f72 6920 t and Yoshinori \n+00001e80: 4b2e 204f 6b75 6a69 2061 646f 7074 6564 K. Okuji adopted\n+00001e90: 2047 5255 4220 6173 2061 6e0a 6f66 6669 GRUB as an.offi\n+00001ea0: 6369 616c 2047 4e55 2070 6163 6b61 6765 cial GNU package\n+00001eb0: 2c20 616e 6420 6f70 656e 6564 2069 7473 , and opened its\n+00001ec0: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2062 7920 development by \n+00001ed0: 6d61 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 206c 6174 6573 making the lates\n+00001ee0: 740a 736f 7572 6365 7320 6176 6169 6c61 t.sources availa\n+00001ef0: 626c 6520 7669 6120 616e 6f6e 796d 6f75 ble via anonymou\n+00001f00: 7320 4356 532e 202a 4e6f 7465 204f 6274 s CVS. *Note Obt\n+00001f10: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n+00001f20: 696e 670a 4752 5542 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 ing.GRUB::, for \n+00001f30: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e more information\n+00001f40: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f76 6572 2074 6865 206e ... Over the n\n+00001f50: 6578 7420 6665 7720 7965 6172 732c 2047 ext few years, G\n+00001f60: 5255 4220 7761 7320 6578 7465 6e64 6564 RUB was extended\n+00001f70: 2074 6f20 6d65 6574 206d 616e 7920 6e65 to meet many ne\n+00001f80: 6564 732c 2062 7574 2069 740a 7175 6963 eds, but it.quic\n+00001f90: 6b6c 7920 6265 6361 6d65 2063 6c65 6172 kly became clear\n+00001fa0: 2074 6861 7420 6974 7320 6465 7369 676e that its design\n+00001fb0: 2077 6173 206e 6f74 206b 6565 7069 6e67 was not keeping\n+00001fc0: 2075 7020 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a65 7874 up with the.ext\n+00001fd0: 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 6265 696e 6720 6d61 ensions being ma\n+00001fe0: 6465 2074 6f20 6974 2c20 616e 6420 7765 de to it, and we\n+00001ff0: 2072 6561 6368 6564 2074 6865 2070 6f69 reached the poi\n+00002000: 6e74 2077 6865 7265 2069 7420 7761 7320 nt where it was \n+00002010: 7665 7279 0a64 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2074 very.difficult t\n+00002020: 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 6e79 2066 7572 7468 o make any furth\n+00002030: 6572 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2077 6974 686f er changes witho\n+00002040: 7574 2062 7265 616b 696e 6720 6578 6973 ut breaking exis\n+00002050: 7469 6e67 0a66 6561 7475 7265 732e 2020 ting.features. \n+00002060: 4172 6f75 6e64 2032 3030 322c 2059 6f73 Around 2002, Yos\n+00002070: 6869 6e6f 7269 204b 2e20 4f6b 756a 6920 hinori K. Okuji \n+00002080: 7374 6172 7465 6420 776f 726b 206f 6e20 started work on \n+00002090: 5055 5041 0a28 5072 656c 696d 696e 6172 PUPA.(Preliminar\n+000020a0: 7920 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c20 5072 6f67 y Universal Prog\n+000020b0: 7261 6d6d 696e 6720 4172 6368 6974 6563 ramming Architec\n+000020c0: 7475 7265 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2047 5255 ture for GNU GRU\n+000020d0: 4229 2c20 6169 6d69 6e67 2074 6f0a 7265 B), aiming to.re\n+000020e0: 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 636f 7265 206f write the core o\n+000020f0: 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 f GRUB to make i\n+00002100: 7420 636c 6561 6e65 722c 2073 6166 6572 t cleaner, safer\n+00002110: 2c20 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 7573 742c 2061 , more robust, a\n+00002120: 6e64 0a6d 6f72 6520 706f 7765 7266 756c nd.more powerful\n+00002130: 2e20 2050 5550 4120 7761 7320 6576 656e . PUPA was even\n+00002140: 7475 616c 6c79 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 tually renamed t\n+00002150: 6f20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 616e 6420 7468 o GRUB 2, and th\n+00002160: 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c 0a76 6572 7369 e original.versi\n+00002170: 6f6e 206f 6620 4752 5542 2077 6173 2072 on of GRUB was r\n+00002180: 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 204c enamed to GRUB L\n+00002190: 6567 6163 792e 2020 536d 616c 6c20 616d egacy. Small am\n+000021a0: 6f75 6e74 7320 6f66 0a6d 6169 6e74 656e ounts of.mainten\n+000021b0: 616e 6365 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 6564 2074 ance continued t\n+000021c0: 6f20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 6f6e 2047 5255 o be done on GRU\n+000021d0: 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 6275 7420 7468 B Legacy, but th\n+000021e0: 6520 6c61 7374 2072 656c 6561 7365 0a28 e last release.(\n+000021f0: 302e 3937 2920 7761 7320 6d61 6465 2069 0.97) was made i\n+00002200: 6e20 3230 3035 2061 6e64 2061 7420 7468 n 2005 and at th\n+00002210: 6520 7469 6d65 206f 6620 7772 6974 696e e time of writin\n+00002220: 6720 6974 2073 6565 6d73 2075 6e6c 696b g it seems unlik\n+00002230: 656c 790a 7468 6174 2074 6865 7265 2077 ely.that there w\n+00002240: 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2e0a ill be another..\n+00002250: 0a20 2020 4279 2061 726f 756e 6420 3230 . By around 20\n+00002260: 3037 2c20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 07, GNU/Linux di\n+00002270: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 6172 stributions star\n+00002280: 7465 6420 746f 2075 7365 2047 5255 4220 ted to use GRUB \n+00002290: 3220 746f 0a6c 696d 6974 6564 2065 7874 2 to.limited ext\n+000022a0: 656e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 6279 2074 6865 ents, and by the\n+000022b0: 2065 6e64 206f 6620 3230 3039 206d 756c end of 2009 mul\n+000022c0: 7469 706c 6520 6d61 6a6f 7220 6469 7374 tiple major dist\n+000022d0: 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 730a 7765 7265 2069 ributions.were i\n+000022e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 6974 2062 7920 nstalling it by \n+000022f0: 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 default.....File\n+00002300: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00002310: 6465 3a20 4368 616e 6765 7320 6672 6f6d de: Changes from\n+00002320: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 204e GRUB Legacy, N\n+00002330: 6578 743a 2046 6561 7475 7265 732c 2020 ext: Features, \n+00002340: 5072 6576 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 Prev: History, \n+00002350: 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e Up: Introduction\n+00002360: 0a0a 312e 3320 4469 6666 6572 656e 6365 ..1.3 Difference\n+00002370: 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 s from previous \n+00002380: 7665 7273 696f 6e73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d versions.=======\n 00002390: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000023a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 =============..G\n-000023b0: 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 2072 6577 7269 RUB 2 is a rewri\n-000023c0: 7465 206f 6620 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 te of GRUB (*not\n-000023d0: 6520 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a29 2c20 616c e History::), al\n-000023e0: 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7420 7368 6172 6573 though it shares\n-000023f0: 206d 616e 790a 6368 6172 6163 7465 7269 many.characteri\n-00002400: 7374 6963 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 2070 stics with the p\n-00002410: 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e2c revious version,\n-00002420: 206e 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 4752 now known as GR\n-00002430: 5542 204c 6567 6163 792e 0a55 7365 7273 UB Legacy..Users\n-00002440: 206f 6620 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 of GRUB Legacy \n-00002450: 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2073 6f6d 6520 6775 may need some gu\n-00002460: 6964 616e 6365 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 idance to find t\n-00002470: 6865 6972 2077 6179 2061 726f 756e 640a heir way around.\n-00002480: 7468 6973 206e 6577 2076 6572 7369 6f6e this new version\n-00002490: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 636f 6e66 ... * The conf\n-000024a0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2068 iguration file h\n-000024b0: 6173 2061 206e 6577 206e 616d 6520 2827 as a new name ('\n-000024c0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 7261 7468 6572 grub.cfg' rather\n-000024d0: 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 2027 6d65 6e75 than. 'menu\n-000024e0: 2e6c 7374 2720 6f72 2027 6772 7562 2e63 .lst' or 'grub.c\n-000024f0: 6f6e 6627 292c 206e 6577 2073 796e 7461 onf'), new synta\n-00002500: 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 x (*note Configu\n-00002510: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 616e 640a 2020 ration::) and. \n-00002520: 2020 206d 616e 7920 6e65 7720 636f 6d6d many new comm\n-00002530: 616e 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d ands (*note Comm\n-00002540: 616e 6473 3a3a 292e 2020 436f 6e66 6967 ands::). Config\n-00002550: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 uration cannot b\n-00002560: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f70 6965 6420 6f76 e. copied ov\n-00002570: 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2061 6c74 er directly, alt\n-00002580: 686f 7567 6820 6d6f 7374 2047 5255 4220 hough most GRUB \n-00002590: 4c65 6761 6379 2075 7365 7273 2073 686f Legacy users sho\n-000025a0: 756c 6420 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696e uld not. fin\n-000025b0: 6420 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2074 6f6f d the syntax too\n-000025c0: 2073 7572 7072 6973 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 surprising... \n-000025d0: 202a 2027 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 6973 * 'grub.cfg' is\n-000025e0: 2074 7970 6963 616c 6c79 2061 7574 6f6d typically autom\n-000025f0: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2067 656e 6572 6174 atically generat\n-00002600: 6564 2062 7920 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f ed by 'grub-mkco\n-00002610: 6e66 6967 270a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 nfig'. (*not\n-00002620: 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 e Simple configu\n-00002630: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 ration::). This\n-00002640: 206d 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 makes it easier\n-00002650: 2074 6f20 6861 6e64 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 to handle. \n-00002660: 7665 7273 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 726e 656c versioned kernel\n-00002670: 2075 7067 7261 6465 732e 0a0a 2020 202a upgrades... *\n-00002680: 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 Partition numbe\n-00002690: 7273 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 rs in GRUB devic\n-000026a0: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6e6f 7720 7374 6172 e names now star\n-000026b0: 7420 6174 2031 2c20 6e6f 7420 3020 282a t at 1, not 0 (*\n-000026c0: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 6d69 6e67 note. Naming\n-000026d0: 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a convention::)..\n-000026e0: 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 . * The config\n-000026f0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 7320 uration file is \n-00002700: 6e6f 7720 7772 6974 7465 6e20 696e 2073 now written in s\n-00002710: 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 2063 6c6f 7365 7220 omething closer \n-00002720: 746f 2061 2066 756c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 to a full. s\n-00002730: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 206c 616e 6775 6167 cripting languag\n-00002740: 653a 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 636f e: variables, co\n-00002750: 6e64 6974 696f 6e61 6c73 2c20 616e 6420 nditionals, and \n-00002760: 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2061 loops are. a\n-00002770: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 vailable... * \n-00002780: 4120 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 206f A small amount o\n-00002790: 6620 7065 7273 6973 7465 6e74 2073 746f f persistent sto\n-000027a0: 7261 6765 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c rage is availabl\n-000027b0: 6520 6163 726f 7373 2072 6562 6f6f 7473 e across reboots\n-000027c0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 ,. using the\n-000027d0: 2027 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2720 616e 6420 'save_env' and \n-000027e0: 276c 6f61 645f 656e 7627 2063 6f6d 6d61 'load_env' comma\n-000027f0: 6e64 7320 696e 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 nds in GRUB and \n-00002800: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d65 the. 'grub-e\n-00002810: 6469 7465 6e76 2720 7574 696c 6974 792e ditenv' utility.\n-00002820: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6176 This is not av\n-00002830: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2061 6c6c 0a20 ailable in all. \n-00002840: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f configuratio\n-00002850: 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f ns (*note Enviro\n-00002860: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a29 2e0a nment block::)..\n-00002870: 0a20 2020 2a20 4752 5542 2032 2068 6173 . * GRUB 2 has\n-00002880: 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2077 more reliable w\n-00002890: 6179 7320 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 7320 ays to find its \n-000028a0: 6f77 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 7468 own files and th\n-000028b0: 6f73 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7461 7267 ose of. targ\n-000028c0: 6574 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206f 6e20 6d75 et kernels on mu\n-000028d0: 6c74 6970 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 7374 ltiple-disk syst\n-000028e0: 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2068 6173 2063 6f6d ems, and has com\n-000028f0: 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 mands (*note. \n-00002900: 2020 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 2920 746f 2066 search::) to f\n-00002910: 696e 6420 6465 7669 6365 7320 7573 696e ind devices usin\n-00002920: 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 g file system la\n-00002930: 6265 6c73 206f 7220 556e 6976 6572 7361 bels or Universa\n-00002940: 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2055 6e69 7175 6520 lly. Unique \n-00002950: 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 2855 5549 Identifiers (UUI\n-00002960: 4473 292e 0a0a 2020 202a 2047 5255 4220 Ds)... * GRUB \n-00002970: 3220 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 2 is available f\n-00002980: 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f 7468 6572 or several other\n-00002990: 2074 7970 6573 206f 6620 7379 7374 656d types of system\n-000029a0: 2069 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 in addition. \n-000029b0: 2020 746f 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 4f53 to the PC BIOS\n-000029c0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2073 7570 706f 7274 systems support\n-000029d0: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 ed by GRUB Legac\n-000029e0: 793a 2050 4320 4546 492c 2050 430a 2020 y: PC EFI, PC. \n-000029f0: 2020 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2050 6f77 coreboot, Pow\n-00002a00: 6572 5043 2c20 5350 4152 432c 2061 6e64 erPC, SPARC, and\n-00002a10: 204d 4950 5320 4c65 6d6f 7465 2059 6565 MIPS Lemote Yee\n-00002a20: 6c6f 6f6e 6720 6172 6520 616c 6c0a 2020 loong are all. \n-00002a30: 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 supported... \n-00002a40: 2020 2a20 4d61 6e79 206d 6f72 6520 6669 * Many more fi\n-00002a50: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2061 7265 2073 le systems are s\n-00002a60: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2c20 696e 636c 7564 upported, includ\n-00002a70: 696e 6720 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 6c69 6d69 ing but not limi\n-00002a80: 7465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7434 ted to. ext4\n-00002a90: 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 616e 6420 4e54 4653 , HFS+, and NTFS\n-00002aa0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4752 5542 2032 2063 ... * GRUB 2 c\n-00002ab0: 616e 2072 6561 6420 6669 6c65 7320 6469 an read files di\n-00002ac0: 7265 6374 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 rectly from LVM \n-00002ad0: 616e 6420 5241 4944 2064 6576 6963 6573 and RAID devices\n-00002ae0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4120 6772 6170 6869 ... * A graphi\n-00002af0: 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2061 6e64 cal terminal and\n-00002b00: 2061 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e a graphical men\n-00002b10: 7520 7379 7374 656d 2061 7265 2061 7661 u system are ava\n-00002b20: 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4752 ilable... * GR\n-00002b30: 5542 2032 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 UB 2's interface\n-00002b40: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 can be translat\n-00002b50: 6564 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6d65 ed, including me\n-00002b60: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 206e 616d 6573 2e0a nu entry names..\n-00002b70: 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 . * The image \n-00002b80: 6669 6c65 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6d61 files (*note Ima\n-00002b90: 6765 733a 3a29 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 ges::) that make\n-00002ba0: 2075 7020 4752 5542 2068 6176 6520 6265 up GRUB have be\n-00002bb0: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6f72 6761 6e69 en. reorgani\n-00002bc0: 7365 643b 2053 7461 6765 2031 2c20 5374 sed; Stage 1, St\n-00002bd0: 6167 6520 312e 352c 2061 6e64 2053 7461 age 1.5, and Sta\n-00002be0: 6765 2032 2061 7265 206e 6f20 6d6f 7265 ge 2 are no more\n-00002bf0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4752 5542 2032 2070 ... * GRUB 2 p\n-00002c00: 7574 7320 6d61 6e79 2066 6163 696c 6974 uts many facilit\n-00002c10: 6965 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c ies in dynamical\n-00002c20: 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 ly loaded module\n-00002c30: 732c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 2020 2020 s, allowing. \n-00002c40: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n-00002c50: 746f 2062 6520 736d 616c 6c65 722c 2061 to be smaller, a\n-00002c60: 6e64 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7468 6520 nd allowing the \n-00002c70: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6265 core image to be\n-00002c80: 0a20 2020 2020 6275 696c 7420 696e 206d . built in m\n-00002c90: 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2077 6179 ore flexible way\n-00002ca0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-00002cb0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4665 .info, Node: Fe\n-00002cc0: 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 atures, Next: R\n-00002cd0: 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ole of a boot lo\n-00002ce0: 6164 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6861 ader, Prev: Cha\n-00002cf0: 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c nges from GRUB L\n-00002d00: 6567 6163 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 egacy, Up: Intr\n-00002d10: 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3420 4752 oduction..1.4 GR\n-00002d20: 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 3d3d 3d3d UB features.====\n-00002d30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n-00002d40: 6865 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2072 6571 7569 he primary requi\n-00002d50: 7265 6d65 6e74 2066 6f72 2047 5255 4220 rement for GRUB \n-00002d60: 6973 2074 6861 7420 6974 2062 6520 636f is that it be co\n-00002d70: 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 mpliant with the\n-00002d80: 0a22 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 .\"Multiboot Spec\n-00002d90: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e22 2c20 7768 6963 ification\", whic\n-00002da0: 6820 6973 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 h is described i\n-00002db0: 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f n *note Multiboo\n-00002dc0: 740a 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a t.Specification:\n-00002dd0: 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e (multiboot)Top.\n-00002de0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206f 7468 6572 2067 .. The other g\n-00002df0: 6f61 6c73 2c20 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 oals, listed in \n-00002e00: 6170 7072 6f78 696d 6174 6520 6f72 6465 approximate orde\n-00002e10: 7220 6f66 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e63 652c r of importance,\n-00002e20: 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4261 7369 are:.. * Basi\n-00002e30: 6320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6d75 7374 c functions must\n-00002e40: 2062 6520 7374 7261 6967 6874 666f 7277 be straightforw\n-00002e50: 6172 6420 666f 7220 656e 642d 7573 6572 ard for end-user\n-00002e60: 732e 0a0a 2020 202a 2052 6963 6820 6675 s... * Rich fu\n-00002e70: 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 746f 2073 nctionality to s\n-00002e80: 7570 706f 7274 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6578 upport kernel ex\n-00002e90: 7065 7274 7320 616e 6420 6465 7369 676e perts and design\n-00002ea0: 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 202a 2042 6163 6b77 ers... * Backw\n-00002eb0: 6172 6420 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 ard compatibilit\n-00002ec0: 7920 666f 7220 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4672 y for booting Fr\n-00002ed0: 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 442c 204f eeBSD, NetBSD, O\n-00002ee0: 7065 6e42 5344 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 penBSD, and. \n-00002ef0: 204c 696e 7578 2e20 2050 726f 7072 6965 Linux. Proprie\n-00002f00: 7461 7279 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2028 7375 tary kernels (su\n-00002f10: 6368 2061 7320 444f 532c 2057 696e 646f ch as DOS, Windo\n-00002f20: 7773 204e 542c 2061 6e64 204f 532f 3229 ws NT, and OS/2)\n-00002f30: 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 are. suppor\n-00002f40: 7465 6420 7669 6120 6120 6368 6169 6e2d ted via a chain-\n-00002f50: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e loading function\n-00002f60: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4578 6365 7074 2066 6f72 ... Except for\n-00002f70: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d70 6174 specific compat\n-00002f80: 6962 696c 6974 7920 6d6f 6465 7320 2863 ibility modes (c\n-00002f90: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e64 hain-loading and\n-00002fa0: 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 0a22 7069 6767 the Linux.\"pigg\n-00002fb0: 7962 6163 6b22 2066 6f72 6d61 7429 2c20 yback\" format), \n-00002fc0: 616c 6c20 6b65 726e 656c 7320 7769 6c6c all kernels will\n-00002fd0: 2062 6520 7374 6172 7465 6420 696e 206d be started in m\n-00002fe0: 7563 6820 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2073 7461 uch the same sta\n-00002ff0: 7465 0a61 7320 696e 2074 6865 204d 756c te.as in the Mul\n-00003000: 7469 626f 6f74 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 tiboot Specifica\n-00003010: 7469 6f6e 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 6b65 726e tion. Only kern\n-00003020: 656c 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7420 3120 els loaded at 1 \n-00003030: 6d65 6761 6279 7465 206f 720a 6162 6f76 megabyte or.abov\n-00003040: 6520 6172 6520 7072 6573 656e 746c 7920 e are presently \n-00003050: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 2020 416e 7920 supported. Any \n-00003060: 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 attempt to load \n-00003070: 6265 6c6f 7720 7468 6174 2062 6f75 6e64 below that bound\n-00003080: 6172 790a 7769 6c6c 2073 696d 706c 7920 ary.will simply \n-00003090: 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 696d 6d65 6469 result in immedi\n-000030a0: 6174 6520 6661 696c 7572 6520 616e 6420 ate failure and \n-000030b0: 616e 2065 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 an error message\n-000030c0: 2072 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 2070 reporting.the p\n-000030d0: 726f 626c 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 roblem... In a\n-000030e0: 6464 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 2072 ddition to the r\n-000030f0: 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 6162 6f76 equirements abov\n-00003100: 652c 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 7468 6520 e, GRUB has the \n-00003110: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 6665 6174 7572 following.featur\n-00003120: 6573 2028 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 es (note that th\n-00003130: 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 e Multiboot Spec\n-00003140: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 646f 6573 6e27 ification doesn'\n-00003150: 7420 7265 7175 6972 6520 616c 6c20 7468 t require all th\n-00003160: 650a 6665 6174 7572 6573 2074 6861 7420 e.features that \n-00003170: 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7329 3a0a GRUB supports):.\n-00003180: 0a52 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 206d 756c 7469 .Recognize multi\n-00003190: 706c 6520 6578 6563 7574 6162 6c65 2066 ple executable f\n-000031a0: 6f72 6d61 7473 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 ormats. Supp\n-000031b0: 6f72 7420 6d61 6e79 206f 6620 7468 6520 ort many of the \n-000031c0: 2261 2e6f 7574 2220 7661 7269 616e 7473 \"a.out\" variants\n-000031d0: 2070 6c75 7320 2245 4c46 222e 2053 796d plus \"ELF\". Sym\n-000031e0: 626f 6c20 7461 626c 6573 2061 7265 0a20 bol tables are. \n-000031f0: 2020 2020 616c 736f 206c 6f61 6465 642e also loaded.\n-00003200: 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e6f 6e2d 4d75 ..Support non-Mu\n-00003210: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 730a ltiboot kernels.\n-00003220: 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 206d 616e Support man\n-00003230: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6172 696f 7573 y of the various\n-00003240: 2066 7265 6520 3332 2d62 6974 206b 6572 free 32-bit ker\n-00003250: 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 6c61 636b 204d nels that lack M\n-00003260: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 636f ultiboot. co\n-00003270: 6d70 6c69 616e 6365 2028 7072 696d 6172 mpliance (primar\n-00003280: 696c 7920 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 ily FreeBSD, Net\n-00003290: 4253 4428 3129 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 BSD(1) (*note. \n-000032a0: 2020 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 Features-Foot\n-000032b0: 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292c 204f 7065 6e42 note-1::), OpenB\n-000032c0: 5344 2c20 616e 6420 4c69 6e75 7829 2e20 SD, and Linux). \n-000032d0: 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f Chain-loading o\n-000032e0: 660a 2020 2020 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f f. other boo\n-000032f0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6973 2061 6c73 t loaders is als\n-00003300: 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 0a0a 4c6f o supported...Lo\n-00003310: 6164 206d 756c 7469 706c 6573 206d 6f64 ad multiples mod\n-00003320: 756c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 4675 6c6c 7920 ules. Fully \n-00003330: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 support the Mult\n-00003340: 6962 6f6f 7420 6665 6174 7572 6520 6f66 iboot feature of\n-00003350: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206d 756c 7469 706c loading multipl\n-00003360: 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 4c6f 6164 e modules...Load\n-00003370: 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e a configuration\n-00003380: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f file. Suppo\n-00003390: 7274 2061 2068 756d 616e 2d72 6561 6461 rt a human-reada\n-000033a0: 626c 6520 7465 7874 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ble text configu\n-000033b0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7769 7468 ration file with\n-000033c0: 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 preset boot. \n-000033d0: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 2059 6f75 commands. You\n-000033e0: 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 can also load a\n-000033f0: 6e6f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 nother configura\n-00003400: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6479 6e61 6d69 tion file dynami\n-00003410: 6361 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2065 cally. and e\n-00003420: 6d62 6564 2061 2070 7265 7365 7420 636f mbed a preset co\n-00003430: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-00003440: 2069 6e20 6120 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 in a GRUB image\n-00003450: 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 file. The. \n-00003460: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 list of command\n-00003470: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s (*note Command\n-00003480: 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7570 6572 s::) are a super\n-00003490: 7365 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 set of those. \n-000034a0: 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2074 supported on t\n-000034b0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e he command-line.\n-000034c0: 2020 416e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e An example con\n-000034d0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-000034e0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 is. provided\n-000034f0: 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6e66 6967 in *note Config\n-00003500: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 5072 6f76 uration::...Prov\n-00003510: 6964 6520 6120 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 ide a menu inter\n-00003520: 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6d65 6e75 face. A menu\n-00003530: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 206c 6973 7469 interface listi\n-00003540: 6e67 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 2063 ng preset boot c\n-00003550: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2077 6974 6820 6120 ommands, with a \n-00003560: 7072 6f67 7261 6d6d 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 programmable. \n-00003570: 2020 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2069 7320 6176 timeout, is av\n-00003580: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6572 6520 ailable. There \n-00003590: 6973 206e 6f20 6669 7865 6420 6c69 6d69 is no fixed limi\n-000035a0: 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 t on the number \n-000035b0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 of. boot ent\n-000035c0: 7269 6573 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6375 ries, and the cu\n-000035d0: 7272 656e 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 rrent implementa\n-000035e0: 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 2073 7061 6365 2066 tion has space f\n-000035f0: 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c 0a20 2020 2020 or several. \n-00003600: 6875 6e64 7265 642e 0a0a 4861 7665 2061 hundred...Have a\n-00003610: 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e flexible comman\n-00003620: 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line interface\n-00003630: 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6661 6972 6c79 2066 . A fairly f\n-00003640: 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d lexible command-\n-00003650: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 line interface, \n-00003660: 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 accessible from \n-00003670: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 the menu,. i\n-00003680: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2065 s available to e\n-00003690: 6469 7420 616e 7920 7072 6573 6574 2063 dit any preset c\n-000036a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 206f 7220 7772 6974 ommands, or writ\n-000036b0: 6520 6120 6e65 7720 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 e a new boot. \n-000036c0: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7365 7420 6672 command set fr\n-000036d0: 6f6d 2073 6372 6174 6368 2e20 2049 6620 om scratch. If \n-000036e0: 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e no configuration\n-000036f0: 2066 696c 6520 6973 2070 7265 7365 6e74 file is present\n-00003700: 2c0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6472 6f70 ,. GRUB drop\n-00003710: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s to the command\n-00003720: 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 -line... The\n-00003730: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 list of command\n-00003740: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s (*note Command\n-00003750: 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7562 7365 s::) are a subse\n-00003760: 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 t of those. \n-00003770: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 666f 7220 636f supported for co\n-00003780: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-00003790: 732e 2020 4564 6974 696e 6720 636f 6d6d s. Editing comm\n-000037a0: 616e 6473 2063 6c6f 7365 6c79 0a20 2020 ands closely. \n-000037b0: 2020 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 7468 6520 resembles the \n-000037c0: 4261 7368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Bash command-lin\n-000037d0: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6173 683a 2028 e (*note Bash: (\n-000037e0: 6665 6174 7572 6573 2943 6f6d 6d61 6e64 features)Command\n-000037f0: 204c 696e 650a 2020 2020 2045 6469 7469 Line. Editi\n-00003800: 6e67 2e29 2c20 7769 7468 203c 5441 423e ng.), with \n-00003810: 2d63 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 -completion of c\n-00003820: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2064 6576 6963 6573 ommands, devices\n-00003830: 2c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2c0a 2020 , partitions,. \n-00003840: 2020 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 and files in \n-00003850: 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6465 7065 a directory depe\n-00003860: 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 nding on context\n-00003870: 2e0a 0a53 7570 706f 7274 206d 756c 7469 ...Support multi\n-00003880: 706c 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 ple filesystem t\n-00003890: 7970 6573 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 ypes. Suppor\n-000038a0: 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2066 696c 6573 t multiple files\n-000038b0: 7973 7465 6d20 7479 7065 7320 7472 616e ystem types tran\n-000038c0: 7370 6172 656e 746c 792c 2070 6c75 7320 sparently, plus \n-000038d0: 6120 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 2020 6578 a useful. ex\n-000038e0: 706c 6963 6974 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 plicit blocklist\n-000038f0: 206e 6f74 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 notation. The \n-00003900: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 currently suppor\n-00003910: 7465 6420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 ted filesystem. \n-00003920: 2020 2020 7479 7065 7320 6172 6520 2241 types are \"A\n-00003930: 6d69 6761 2046 6173 7420 4669 6c65 5379 miga Fast FileSy\n-00003940: 7374 656d 2028 4146 4653 2922 2c20 2241 stem (AFFS)\", \"A\n-00003950: 7468 654f 5320 6673 222c 2022 4265 4653 theOS fs\", \"BeFS\n-00003960: 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2242 7472 4653 2220 \",. \"BtrFS\" \n-00003970: 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2072 6169 6430 (including raid0\n-00003980: 2c20 7261 6964 312c 2072 6169 6431 302c , raid1, raid10,\n-00003990: 2067 7a69 7020 616e 6420 6c7a 6f29 2c20 gzip and lzo), \n-000039a0: 2263 7069 6f22 0a20 2020 2020 286c 6974 \"cpio\". (lit\n-000039b0: 746c 652d 2061 6e64 2062 6967 2d65 6e64 tle- and big-end\n-000039c0: 6961 6e20 6269 6e2c 206f 6463 2061 6e64 ian bin, odc and\n-000039d0: 206e 6577 6320 7661 7269 616e 7473 292c newc variants),\n-000039e0: 2022 4c69 6e75 780a 2020 2020 2065 7874 \"Linux. ext\n-000039f0: 322f 6578 7433 2f65 7874 3422 2c20 2244 2/ext3/ext4\", \"D\n-00003a00: 4f53 2046 4154 3132 2f46 4154 3136 2f46 OS FAT12/FAT16/F\n-00003a10: 4154 3332 222c 2022 6578 4641 5422 2c20 AT32\", \"exFAT\", \n-00003a20: 2246 3246 5322 2c20 2248 4653 222c 0a20 \"F2FS\", \"HFS\",. \n-00003a30: 2020 2020 2248 4653 2b22 2c20 2249 534f \"HFS+\", \"ISO\n-00003a40: 3936 3630 2220 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 9660\" (including\n-00003a50: 204a 6f6c 6965 742c 2052 6f63 6b2d 7269 Joliet, Rock-ri\n-00003a60: 6467 6520 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 692d 6368 dge and multi-ch\n-00003a70: 756e 6b0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 292c unk. files),\n-00003a80: 2022 4a46 5322 2c20 224d 696e 6978 2066 \"JFS\", \"Minix f\n-00003a90: 7322 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e73 2031 2c20 s\" (versions 1, \n-00003aa0: 3220 616e 6420 3329 2c20 226e 696c 6673 2 and 3), \"nilfs\n-00003ab0: 3222 2c20 224e 5446 5322 0a20 2020 2020 2\", \"NTFS\". \n-00003ac0: 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2063 6f6d 7072 (including compr\n-00003ad0: 6573 7369 6f6e 292c 2022 5265 6973 6572 ession), \"Reiser\n-00003ae0: 4653 222c 2022 524f 4d46 5322 2c20 2241 FS\", \"ROMFS\", \"A\n-00003af0: 6d69 6761 2053 6d61 7274 0a20 2020 2020 miga Smart. \n-00003b00: 4669 6c65 5379 7374 656d 2028 5346 5329 FileSystem (SFS)\n-00003b10: 222c 2022 5371 7561 7368 3422 2c20 2274 \", \"Squash4\", \"t\n-00003b20: 6172 222c 2022 5544 4622 2c20 2242 5344 ar\", \"UDF\", \"BSD\n-00003b30: 2055 4653 2f55 4653 3222 2c20 2258 4653 UFS/UFS2\", \"XFS\n-00003b40: 222c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 225a 4653 \",. and \"ZFS\n-00003b50: 2220 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 206c 7a6a \" (including lzj\n-00003b60: 622c 2067 7a69 702c 207a 6c65 2c20 6d69 b, gzip, zle, mi\n-00003b70: 7272 6f72 2c20 7374 7269 7065 2c20 7261 rror, stripe, ra\n-00003b80: 6964 7a31 2f32 2f33 0a20 2020 2020 616e idz1/2/3. an\n-00003b90: 6420 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 d encryption in \n-00003ba0: 4145 532d 4343 4d20 616e 6420 4145 532d AES-CCM and AES-\n-00003bb0: 4743 4d29 2e20 2a4e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 GCM). *Note File\n-00003bc0: 7379 7374 656d 3a3a 2c20 666f 720a 2020 system::, for. \n-00003bd0: 2020 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 more informat\n-00003be0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6175 ion...Support au\n-00003bf0: 746f 6d61 7469 6320 6465 636f 6d70 7265 tomatic decompre\n-00003c00: 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2043 616e 2064 ssion. Can d\n-00003c10: 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 6669 6c65 7320 ecompress files \n-00003c20: 7768 6963 6820 7765 7265 2063 6f6d 7072 which were compr\n-00003c30: 6573 7365 6420 6279 2027 677a 6970 2720 essed by 'gzip' \n-00003c40: 6f72 2027 787a 2728 3229 0a20 2020 2020 or 'xz'(2). \n-00003c50: 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d (*note Features-\n-00003c60: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d32 3a3a 292e 2020 Footnote-2::). \n-00003c70: 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 This function is\n-00003c80: 2062 6f74 6820 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 both automatic \n-00003c90: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 7061 and. transpa\n-00003ca0: 7265 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7573 6572 rent to the user\n-00003cb0: 2028 692e 652e 2020 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 (i.e. all func\n-00003cc0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6f70 6572 6174 6520 7570 tions operate up\n-00003cd0: 6f6e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 756e 636f on the. unco\n-00003ce0: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 mpressed content\n-00003cf0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 s of the specifi\n-00003d00: 6564 2066 696c 6573 292e 2020 5468 6973 ed files). This\n-00003d10: 2067 7265 6174 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7265 greatly. re\n-00003d20: 6475 6365 7320 6120 6669 6c65 2073 697a duces a file siz\n-00003d30: 6520 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7469 e and loading ti\n-00003d40: 6d65 2c20 6120 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 me, a particular\n-00003d50: 6c79 2067 7265 6174 2062 656e 6566 6974 ly great benefit\n-00003d60: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 666c 6f70 7069 . for floppi\n-00003d70: 6573 2e28 3329 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 es.(3) (*note F\n-00003d80: 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 eatures-Footnote\n-00003d90: 2d33 3a3a 290a 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 -3::).. It i\n-00003da0: 7320 636f 6e63 6569 7661 626c 6520 7468 s conceivable th\n-00003db0: 6174 2073 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206d at some kernel m\n-00003dc0: 6f64 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 odules should be\n-00003dd0: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2061 0a20 2020 loaded in a. \n-00003de0: 2020 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2073 7461 compressed sta\n-00003df0: 7465 2c20 736f 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 te, so a differe\n-00003e00: 6e74 206d 6f64 756c 652d 6c6f 6164 696e nt module-loadin\n-00003e10: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 g command can be\n-00003e20: 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 . specified \n-00003e30: 746f 2061 766f 6964 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 to avoid uncompr\n-00003e40: 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c essing the modul\n-00003e50: 6573 2e0a 0a41 6363 6573 7320 6461 7461 es...Access data\n-00003e60: 206f 6e20 616e 7920 696e 7374 616c 6c65 on any installe\n-00003e70: 6420 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 5375 d device. Su\n-00003e80: 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6164 696e 6720 6461 pport reading da\n-00003e90: 7461 2066 726f 6d20 616e 7920 6f72 2061 ta from any or a\n-00003ea0: 6c6c 2066 6c6f 7070 6965 7320 6f72 2068 ll floppies or h\n-00003eb0: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2873 290a 2020 2020 ard disk(s). \n-00003ec0: 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 6279 2074 recognized by t\n-00003ed0: 6865 2042 494f 532c 2069 6e64 6570 656e he BIOS, indepen\n-00003ee0: 6465 6e74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7365 7474 dent of the sett\n-00003ef0: 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a ing of the root.\n-00003f00: 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 4265 device...Be\n-00003f10: 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 independent of \n-00003f20: 6472 6976 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 2074 drive geometry t\n-00003f30: 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 ranslations. \n-00003f40: 2055 6e6c 696b 6520 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 Unlike many oth\n-00003f50: 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 732c er boot loaders,\n-00003f60: 2047 5255 4220 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 GRUB makes the \n-00003f70: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2064 7269 7665 particular drive\n-00003f80: 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f . translatio\n-00003f90: 6e20 6972 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 2e20 2041 n irrelevant. A\n-00003fa0: 2064 7269 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 drive installed\n-00003fb0: 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2077 6974 and running wit\n-00003fc0: 6820 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 h one. trans\n-00003fd0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 636f lation may be co\n-00003fe0: 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 nverted to anoth\n-00003ff0: 6572 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2077 er translation w\n-00004000: 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 ithout any. \n-00004010: 6164 7665 7273 6520 6566 6665 6374 7320 adverse effects \n-00004020: 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2069 6e20 4752 or changes in GR\n-00004030: 5542 2773 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 UB's configurati\n-00004040: 6f6e 2e0a 0a44 6574 6563 7420 616c 6c20 on...Detect all \n-00004050: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 5241 4d0a 2020 installed RAM. \n-00004060: 2020 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6765 6e65 GRUB can gene\n-00004070: 7261 6c6c 7920 6669 6e64 2061 6c6c 2074 rally find all t\n-00004080: 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2052 414d he installed RAM\n-00004090: 206f 6e20 6120 5043 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 on a PC-compati\n-000040a0: 626c 650a 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 ble. machine\n-000040b0: 2e20 2049 7420 7573 6573 2061 6e20 6164 . It uses an ad\n-000040c0: 7661 6e63 6564 2042 494f 5320 7175 6572 vanced BIOS quer\n-000040d0: 7920 7465 6368 6e69 7175 6520 666f 7220 y technique for \n-000040e0: 6669 6e64 696e 6720 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 finding all. \n-000040f0: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 732e memory regions.\n-00004100: 2020 4173 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 206f As described o\n-00004110: 6e20 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 n the Multiboot \n-00004120: 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 282a Specification (*\n-00004130: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 note. Multib\n-00004140: 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f oot Specificatio\n-00004150: 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f n: (multiboot)To\n-00004160: 702e 292c 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 206b 6572 p.), not all ker\n-00004170: 6e65 6c73 206d 616b 6520 7573 650a 2020 nels make use. \n-00004180: 2020 206f 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 of this infor\n-00004190: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2c20 6275 7420 4752 5542 mation, but GRUB\n-000041a0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6974 2066 6f72 provides it for\n-000041b0: 2074 686f 7365 2077 686f 2064 6f2e 0a0a those who do...\n-000041c0: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 Support Logical \n-000041d0: 426c 6f63 6b20 4164 6472 6573 7320 6d6f Block Address mo\n-000041e0: 6465 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2074 7261 6469 de. In tradi\n-000041f0: 7469 6f6e 616c 2064 6973 6b20 6361 6c6c tional disk call\n-00004200: 7320 2863 616c 6c65 6420 2243 4853 206d s (called \"CHS m\n-00004210: 6f64 6522 292c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 ode\"), there is \n-00004220: 6120 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 0a20 2020 2020 a geometry. \n-00004230: 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f62 translation prob\n-00004240: 6c65 6d2c 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 lem, that is, th\n-00004250: 6520 4249 4f53 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6163 e BIOS cannot ac\n-00004260: 6365 7373 206f 7665 7220 3130 3234 0a20 cess over 1024. \n-00004270: 2020 2020 6379 6c69 6e64 6572 732c 2073 cylinders, s\n-00004280: 6f20 7468 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 o the accessible\n-00004290: 2073 7061 6365 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 space is limite\n-000042a0: 6420 746f 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3530 d to at least 50\n-000042b0: 3820 4d42 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 746f 8 MB. and to\n-000042c0: 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 2038 4742 2e20 4752 at most 8GB. GR\n-000042d0: 5542 2063 616e 2774 2075 6e69 7665 7273 UB can't univers\n-000042e0: 616c 6c79 2073 6f6c 7665 2074 6869 7320 ally solve this \n-000042f0: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2061 730a 2020 2020 problem, as. \n-00004300: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2073 7461 there is no sta\n-00004310: 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 ndard interface \n-00004320: 7573 6564 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 6d61 6368 used in all mach\n-00004330: 696e 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c0a ines. However,.\n-00004340: 2020 2020 2073 6576 6572 616c 206e 6577 several new\n-00004350: 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 7320 6861 7665 er machines have\n-00004360: 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e74 6572 6661 the new interfa\n-00004370: 6365 2c20 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 ce, Logical Bloc\n-00004380: 6b0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 2028 k. Address (\n-00004390: 224c 4241 2229 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4752 \"LBA\") mode. GR\n-000043a0: 5542 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 UB automatically\n-000043b0: 2064 6574 6563 7473 2069 6620 4c42 4120 detects if LBA \n-000043c0: 6d6f 6465 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 mode is. ava\n-000043d0: 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 7365 7320 ilable and uses \n-000043e0: 6974 2069 6620 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e it if available.\n-000043f0: 2020 496e 204c 4241 206d 6f64 652c 2047 In LBA mode, G\n-00004400: 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 RUB can access. \n-00004410: 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 2064 the entire d\n-00004420: 6973 6b2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e65 isk...Support ne\n-00004430: 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 670a 2020 twork booting. \n-00004440: 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2062 6173 6963 GRUB is basic\n-00004450: 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6973 6b2d 6261 7365 ally a disk-base\n-00004460: 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6275 d boot loader bu\n-00004470: 7420 616c 736f 2068 6173 206e 6574 776f t also has netwo\n-00004480: 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 742e rk. support.\n-00004490: 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 204f You can load O\n-000044a0: 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6120 S images from a \n-000044b0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6279 2075 7369 6e67 network by using\n-000044c0: 2074 6865 2022 5446 5450 220a 2020 2020 the \"TFTP\". \n-000044d0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 0a0a 5375 7070 protocol...Supp\n-000044e0: 6f72 7420 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 ort remote termi\n-000044f0: 6e61 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 546f 2073 7570 nals. To sup\n-00004500: 706f 7274 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 port computers w\n-00004510: 6974 6820 6e6f 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 ith no console, \n-00004520: 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 7265 GRUB provides re\n-00004530: 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 mote terminal. \n-00004540: 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 736f 2074 support, so t\n-00004550: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 636f 6e74 hat you can cont\n-00004560: 726f 6c20 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 6120 rol GRUB from a \n-00004570: 7265 6d6f 7465 2068 6f73 742e 2020 4f6e remote host. On\n-00004580: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c 2074 ly. serial t\n-00004590: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 erminal support \n-000045a0: 6973 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 is implemented a\n-000045b0: 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a1f t the moment....\n-000045c0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000045d0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6561 7475 7265 , Node: Feature\n-000045e0: 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 s-Footnotes, Up\n-000045f0: 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 0a0a 2020 2028 : Features.. (\n-00004600: 3129 2054 6865 204e 6574 4253 442f 6933 1) The NetBSD/i3\n-00004610: 3836 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6973 204d 756c 86 kernel is Mul\n-00004620: 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 tiboot-compliant\n-00004630: 2c20 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 7375 7070 , but lacks supp\n-00004640: 6f72 740a 666f 7220 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ort.for Multiboo\n-00004650: 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2028 t modules... (\n-00004660: 3229 204f 6e6c 7920 4352 4333 3220 6461 2) Only CRC32 da\n-00004670: 7461 2069 6e74 6567 7269 7479 2063 6865 ta integrity che\n-00004680: 636b 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 ck is supported \n-00004690: 2878 7a20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2043 (xz default is C\n-000046a0: 5243 3634 0a73 6f20 6f6e 6520 7368 6f75 RC64.so one shou\n-000046b0: 6c64 2075 7365 202d 6368 6563 6b3d 6372 ld use -check=cr\n-000046c0: 6333 3220 6f70 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 4c5a c32 option). LZ\n-000046d0: 4d41 2042 434a 2066 696c 7465 7273 2061 MA BCJ filters a\n-000046e0: 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 re supported... \n-000046f0: 2020 2833 2920 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 (3) There are \n-00004700: 6120 6665 7720 7061 7468 6f6c 6f67 6963 a few pathologic\n-00004710: 616c 2063 6173 6573 2077 6865 7265 206c al cases where l\n-00004720: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2076 6572 7920 6261 oading a very ba\n-00004730: 646c 790a 6f72 6761 6e69 7a65 6420 454c dly.organized EL\n-00004740: 4620 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6967 6874 2074 F kernel might t\n-00004750: 616b 6520 6c6f 6e67 6572 2c20 6275 7420 ake longer, but \n-00004760: 696e 2070 7261 6374 6963 6520 7468 6973 in practice this\n-00004770: 206e 6576 6572 0a68 6170 7065 6e2e 0a0a never.happen...\n-00004780: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00004790: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f 6c65 206f o, Node: Role o\n-000047a0: 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c f a boot loader,\n-000047b0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 Prev: Features\n-000047c0: 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 , Up: Introduct\n-000047d0: 696f 6e0a 0a31 2e35 2054 6865 2072 6f6c ion..1.5 The rol\n-000047e0: 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 e of a boot load\n-000047f0: 6572 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d er.=============\n+000023a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+000023b0: 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 2072 6577 .GRUB 2 is a rew\n+000023c0: 7269 7465 206f 6620 4752 5542 2028 2a6e rite of GRUB (*n\n+000023d0: 6f74 6520 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a29 2c20 ote History::), \n+000023e0: 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7420 7368 6172 although it shar\n+000023f0: 6573 206d 616e 790a 6368 6172 6163 7465 es many.characte\n+00002400: 7269 7374 6963 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 ristics with the\n+00002410: 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f previous versio\n+00002420: 6e2c 206e 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 n, now known as \n+00002430: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792e 0a55 7365 GRUB Legacy..Use\n+00002440: 7273 206f 6620 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 rs of GRUB Legac\n+00002450: 7920 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2073 6f6d 6520 y may need some \n+00002460: 6775 6964 616e 6365 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 guidance to find\n+00002470: 2074 6865 6972 2077 6179 2061 726f 756e their way aroun\n+00002480: 640a 7468 6973 206e 6577 2076 6572 7369 d.this new versi\n+00002490: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 636f on... * The co\n+000024a0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+000024b0: 2068 6173 2061 206e 6577 206e 616d 6520 has a new name \n+000024c0: 2827 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 7261 7468 ('grub.cfg' rath\n+000024d0: 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 2027 6d65 er than. 'me\n+000024e0: 6e75 2e6c 7374 2720 6f72 2027 6772 7562 nu.lst' or 'grub\n+000024f0: 2e63 6f6e 6627 292c 206e 6577 2073 796e .conf'), new syn\n+00002500: 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 tax (*note Confi\n+00002510: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 616e 640a guration::) and.\n+00002520: 2020 2020 206d 616e 7920 6e65 7720 636f many new co\n+00002530: 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f mmands (*note Co\n+00002540: 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 292e 2020 436f 6e66 mmands::). Conf\n+00002550: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e6e 6f74 iguration cannot\n+00002560: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f70 6965 6420 be. copied \n+00002570: 6f76 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2061 over directly, a\n+00002580: 6c74 686f 7567 6820 6d6f 7374 2047 5255 lthough most GRU\n+00002590: 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2075 7365 7273 2073 B Legacy users s\n+000025a0: 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 hould not. f\n+000025b0: 696e 6420 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2074 ind the syntax t\n+000025c0: 6f6f 2073 7572 7072 6973 696e 672e 0a0a oo surprising...\n+000025d0: 2020 202a 2027 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 * 'grub.cfg' \n+000025e0: 6973 2074 7970 6963 616c 6c79 2061 7574 is typically aut\n+000025f0: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2067 656e 6572 omatically gener\n+00002600: 6174 6564 2062 7920 2767 7275 622d 6d6b ated by 'grub-mk\n+00002610: 636f 6e66 6967 270a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e config'. (*n\n+00002620: 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 ote Simple confi\n+00002630: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 guration::). Th\n+00002640: 6973 206d 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 7369 is makes it easi\n+00002650: 6572 2074 6f20 6861 6e64 6c65 0a20 2020 er to handle. \n+00002660: 2020 7665 7273 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 726e versioned kern\n+00002670: 656c 2075 7067 7261 6465 732e 0a0a 2020 el upgrades... \n+00002680: 202a 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d * Partition num\n+00002690: 6265 7273 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2064 6576 bers in GRUB dev\n+000026a0: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6e6f 7720 7374 ice names now st\n+000026b0: 6172 7420 6174 2031 2c20 6e6f 7420 3020 art at 1, not 0 \n+000026c0: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 6d69 (*note. Nami\n+000026d0: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 ng convention::)\n+000026e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 636f 6e66 ... * The conf\n+000026f0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 iguration file i\n+00002700: 7320 6e6f 7720 7772 6974 7465 6e20 696e s now written in\n+00002710: 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 2063 6c6f 7365 something close\n+00002720: 7220 746f 2061 2066 756c 6c0a 2020 2020 r to a full. \n+00002730: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 206c 616e 6775 scripting langu\n+00002740: 6167 653a 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 age: variables, \n+00002750: 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e61 6c73 2c20 616e conditionals, an\n+00002760: 6420 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 d loops are. \n+00002770: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 available... \n+00002780: 2a20 4120 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 * A small amount\n+00002790: 206f 6620 7065 7273 6973 7465 6e74 2073 of persistent s\n+000027a0: 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 torage is availa\n+000027b0: 626c 6520 6163 726f 7373 2072 6562 6f6f ble across reboo\n+000027c0: 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2074 ts,. using t\n+000027d0: 6865 2027 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2720 616e he 'save_env' an\n+000027e0: 6420 276c 6f61 645f 656e 7627 2063 6f6d d 'load_env' com\n+000027f0: 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 2047 5255 4220 616e mands in GRUB an\n+00002800: 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2027 6772 7562 d the. 'grub\n+00002810: 2d65 6469 7465 6e76 2720 7574 696c 6974 -editenv' utilit\n+00002820: 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 y. This is not \n+00002830: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2061 6c6c available in all\n+00002840: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 . configurat\n+00002850: 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 ions (*note Envi\n+00002860: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a29 ronment block::)\n+00002870: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4752 5542 2032 2068 ... * GRUB 2 h\n+00002880: 6173 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 as more reliable\n+00002890: 2077 6179 7320 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 ways to find it\n+000028a0: 7320 6f77 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 s own files and \n+000028b0: 7468 6f73 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7461 those of. ta\n+000028c0: 7267 6574 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206f 6e20 rget kernels on \n+000028d0: 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 multiple-disk sy\n+000028e0: 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2068 6173 2063 stems, and has c\n+000028f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 ommands (*note. \n+00002900: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 2920 746f search::) to\n+00002910: 2066 696e 6420 6465 7669 6365 7320 7573 find devices us\n+00002920: 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 ing file system \n+00002930: 6c61 6265 6c73 206f 7220 556e 6976 6572 labels or Univer\n+00002940: 7361 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2055 6e69 7175 sally. Uniqu\n+00002950: 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 2855 e Identifiers (U\n+00002960: 5549 4473 292e 0a0a 2020 202a 2047 5255 UIDs)... * GRU\n+00002970: 4220 3220 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 B 2 is available\n+00002980: 2066 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f 7468 for several oth\n+00002990: 6572 2074 7970 6573 206f 6620 7379 7374 er types of syst\n+000029a0: 656d 2069 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 0a20 em in addition. \n+000029b0: 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 to the PC BI\n+000029c0: 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2073 7570 706f OS systems suppo\n+000029d0: 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 204c 6567 rted by GRUB Leg\n+000029e0: 6163 793a 2050 4320 4546 492c 2050 430a acy: PC EFI, PC.\n+000029f0: 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2050 coreboot, P\n+00002a00: 6f77 6572 5043 2c20 5350 4152 432c 2061 owerPC, SPARC, a\n+00002a10: 6e64 204d 4950 5320 4c65 6d6f 7465 2059 nd MIPS Lemote Y\n+00002a20: 6565 6c6f 6f6e 6720 6172 6520 616c 6c0a eeloong are all.\n+00002a30: 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a supported..\n+00002a40: 0a20 2020 2a20 4d61 6e79 206d 6f72 6520 . * Many more \n+00002a50: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2061 7265 file systems are\n+00002a60: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2c20 696e 636c supported, incl\n+00002a70: 7564 696e 6720 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 6c69 uding but not li\n+00002a80: 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6578 mited to. ex\n+00002a90: 7434 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 616e 6420 4e54 t4, HFS+, and NT\n+00002aa0: 4653 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4752 5542 2032 FS... * GRUB 2\n+00002ab0: 2063 616e 2072 6561 6420 6669 6c65 7320 can read files \n+00002ac0: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 directly from LV\n+00002ad0: 4d20 616e 6420 5241 4944 2064 6576 6963 M and RAID devic\n+00002ae0: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4120 6772 6170 es... * A grap\n+00002af0: 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2061 hical terminal a\n+00002b00: 6e64 2061 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d nd a graphical m\n+00002b10: 656e 7520 7379 7374 656d 2061 7265 2061 enu system are a\n+00002b20: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 vailable... * \n+00002b30: 4752 5542 2032 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6661 GRUB 2's interfa\n+00002b40: 6365 2063 616e 2062 6520 7472 616e 736c ce can be transl\n+00002b50: 6174 6564 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 ated, including \n+00002b60: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 206e 616d 6573 menu entry names\n+00002b70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 696d 6167 ... * The imag\n+00002b80: 6520 6669 6c65 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 e files (*note I\n+00002b90: 6d61 6765 733a 3a29 2074 6861 7420 6d61 mages::) that ma\n+00002ba0: 6b65 2075 7020 4752 5542 2068 6176 6520 ke up GRUB have \n+00002bb0: 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6f72 6761 been. reorga\n+00002bc0: 6e69 7365 643b 2053 7461 6765 2031 2c20 nised; Stage 1, \n+00002bd0: 5374 6167 6520 312e 352c 2061 6e64 2053 Stage 1.5, and S\n+00002be0: 7461 6765 2032 2061 7265 206e 6f20 6d6f tage 2 are no mo\n+00002bf0: 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4752 5542 2032 re... * GRUB 2\n+00002c00: 2070 7574 7320 6d61 6e79 2066 6163 696c puts many facil\n+00002c10: 6974 6965 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d 6963 ities in dynamic\n+00002c20: 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 ally loaded modu\n+00002c30: 6c65 732c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 2020 les, allowing. \n+00002c40: 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 the core imag\n+00002c50: 6520 746f 2062 6520 736d 616c 6c65 722c e to be smaller,\n+00002c60: 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7468 and allowing th\n+00002c70: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 e core image to \n+00002c80: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6275 696c 7420 696e be. built in\n+00002c90: 206d 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2077 more flexible w\n+00002ca0: 6179 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ays.....File: gr\n+00002cb0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00002cc0: 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a Features, Next:\n+00002cd0: 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 Role of a boot \n+00002ce0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 loader, Prev: C\n+00002cf0: 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 hanges from GRUB\n+00002d00: 204c 6567 6163 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e Legacy, Up: In\n+00002d10: 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3420 troduction..1.4 \n+00002d20: 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 3d3d GRUB features.==\n+00002d30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00002d40: 0a54 6865 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2072 6571 .The primary req\n+00002d50: 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 2066 6f72 2047 5255 uirement for GRU\n+00002d60: 4220 6973 2074 6861 7420 6974 2062 6520 B is that it be \n+00002d70: 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 7769 7468 2074 compliant with t\n+00002d80: 6865 0a22 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 he.\"Multiboot Sp\n+00002d90: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e22 2c20 7768 ecification\", wh\n+00002da0: 6963 6820 6973 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 ich is described\n+00002db0: 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 in *note Multib\n+00002dc0: 6f6f 740a 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f oot.Specificatio\n+00002dd0: 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f n: (multiboot)To\n+00002de0: 702e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206f 7468 6572 p... The other\n+00002df0: 2067 6f61 6c73 2c20 6c69 7374 6564 2069 goals, listed i\n+00002e00: 6e20 6170 7072 6f78 696d 6174 6520 6f72 n approximate or\n+00002e10: 6465 7220 6f66 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e63 der of importanc\n+00002e20: 652c 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4261 e, are:.. * Ba\n+00002e30: 7369 6320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6d75 sic functions mu\n+00002e40: 7374 2062 6520 7374 7261 6967 6874 666f st be straightfo\n+00002e50: 7277 6172 6420 666f 7220 656e 642d 7573 rward for end-us\n+00002e60: 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 202a 2052 6963 6820 ers... * Rich \n+00002e70: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 746f functionality to\n+00002e80: 2073 7570 706f 7274 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 support kernel \n+00002e90: 6578 7065 7274 7320 616e 6420 6465 7369 experts and desi\n+00002ea0: 676e 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 202a 2042 6163 gners... * Bac\n+00002eb0: 6b77 6172 6420 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c kward compatibil\n+00002ec0: 6974 7920 666f 7220 626f 6f74 696e 6720 ity for booting \n+00002ed0: 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 442c FreeBSD, NetBSD,\n+00002ee0: 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2c20 616e 640a 2020 OpenBSD, and. \n+00002ef0: 2020 204c 696e 7578 2e20 2050 726f 7072 Linux. Propr\n+00002f00: 6965 7461 7279 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2028 ietary kernels (\n+00002f10: 7375 6368 2061 7320 444f 532c 2057 696e such as DOS, Win\n+00002f20: 646f 7773 204e 542c 2061 6e64 204f 532f dows NT, and OS/\n+00002f30: 3229 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 2) are. supp\n+00002f40: 6f72 7465 6420 7669 6120 6120 6368 6169 orted via a chai\n+00002f50: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6675 6e63 7469 n-loading functi\n+00002f60: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4578 6365 7074 2066 on... Except f\n+00002f70: 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d70 or specific comp\n+00002f80: 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 6d6f 6465 7320 atibility modes \n+00002f90: 2863 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 (chain-loading a\n+00002fa0: 6e64 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 0a22 7069 nd the Linux.\"pi\n+00002fb0: 6767 7962 6163 6b22 2066 6f72 6d61 7429 ggyback\" format)\n+00002fc0: 2c20 616c 6c20 6b65 726e 656c 7320 7769 , all kernels wi\n+00002fd0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7374 6172 7465 6420 696e ll be started in\n+00002fe0: 206d 7563 6820 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2073 much the same s\n+00002ff0: 7461 7465 0a61 7320 696e 2074 6865 204d tate.as in the M\n+00003000: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2053 7065 6369 6669 ultiboot Specifi\n+00003010: 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 6b65 cation. Only ke\n+00003020: 726e 656c 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7420 rnels loaded at \n+00003030: 3120 6d65 6761 6279 7465 206f 720a 6162 1 megabyte or.ab\n+00003040: 6f76 6520 6172 6520 7072 6573 656e 746c ove are presentl\n+00003050: 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 2020 416e y supported. An\n+00003060: 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c 6f61 y attempt to loa\n+00003070: 6420 6265 6c6f 7720 7468 6174 2062 6f75 d below that bou\n+00003080: 6e64 6172 790a 7769 6c6c 2073 696d 706c ndary.will simpl\n+00003090: 7920 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 696d 6d65 y result in imme\n+000030a0: 6469 6174 6520 6661 696c 7572 6520 616e diate failure an\n+000030b0: 6420 616e 2065 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 d an error messa\n+000030c0: 6765 2072 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 ge reporting.the\n+000030d0: 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e problem... In\n+000030e0: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 addition to the\n+000030f0: 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 6162 requirements ab\n+00003100: 6f76 652c 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 7468 ove, GRUB has th\n+00003110: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 6665 6174 e following.feat\n+00003120: 7572 6573 2028 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 ures (note that \n+00003130: 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 the Multiboot Sp\n+00003140: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 646f 6573 ecification does\n+00003150: 6e27 7420 7265 7175 6972 6520 616c 6c20 n't require all \n+00003160: 7468 650a 6665 6174 7572 6573 2074 6861 the.features tha\n+00003170: 7420 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7329 t GRUB supports)\n+00003180: 3a0a 0a52 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 206d 756c :..Recognize mul\n+00003190: 7469 706c 6520 6578 6563 7574 6162 6c65 tiple executable\n+000031a0: 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 0a20 2020 2020 5375 formats. 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Sup\n+00003390: 706f 7274 2061 2068 756d 616e 2d72 6561 port a human-rea\n+000033a0: 6461 626c 6520 7465 7874 2063 6f6e 6669 dable text confi\n+000033b0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7769 guration file wi\n+000033c0: 7468 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 th preset boot. \n+000033d0: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 2059 commands. Y\n+000033e0: 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 6c6f 6164 ou can also load\n+000033f0: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 another configu\n+00003400: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6479 6e61 ration file dyna\n+00003410: 6d69 6361 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 mically. and\n+00003420: 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2070 7265 7365 7420 embed a preset \n+00003430: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+00003440: 6c65 2069 6e20 6120 4752 5542 2069 6d61 le in a GRUB ima\n+00003450: 6765 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 ge file. The. \n+00003460: 2020 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 list of comma\n+00003470: 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 nds (*note Comma\n+00003480: 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7570 nds::) are a sup\n+00003490: 6572 7365 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 erset of those. \n+000034a0: 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e supported on\n+000034b0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n+000034c0: 652e 2020 416e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2063 e. An example c\n+000034d0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+000034e0: 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f76 6964 e is. provid\n+000034f0: 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6e66 ed in *note Conf\n+00003500: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 5072 iguration::...Pr\n+00003510: 6f76 6964 6520 6120 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 ovide a menu int\n+00003520: 6572 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6d65 erface. A me\n+00003530: 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 206c 6973 nu interface lis\n+00003540: 7469 6e67 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 ting preset boot\n+00003550: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2077 6974 6820 commands, with \n+00003560: 6120 7072 6f67 7261 6d6d 6162 6c65 0a20 a programmable. \n+00003570: 2020 2020 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2069 7320 timeout, is \n+00003580: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6572 available. Ther\n+00003590: 6520 6973 206e 6f20 6669 7865 6420 6c69 e is no fixed li\n+000035a0: 6d69 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 mit on the numbe\n+000035b0: 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 2065 r of. boot e\n+000035c0: 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 ntries, and the \n+000035d0: 6375 7272 656e 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e current implemen\n+000035e0: 7461 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 2073 7061 6365 tation has space\n+000035f0: 2066 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c 0a20 2020 for several. \n+00003600: 2020 6875 6e64 7265 642e 0a0a 4861 7665 hundred...Have\n+00003610: 2061 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d a flexible comm\n+00003620: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n+00003630: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6661 6972 6c79 ce. A fairly\n+00003640: 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e flexible comman\n+00003650: 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line interface\n+00003660: 2c20 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2066 726f , accessible fro\n+00003670: 6d20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c0a 2020 2020 m the menu,. \n+00003680: 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f is available to\n+00003690: 2065 6469 7420 616e 7920 7072 6573 6574 edit any preset\n+000036a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 206f 7220 7772 commands, or wr\n+000036b0: 6974 6520 6120 6e65 7720 626f 6f74 0a20 ite a new boot. \n+000036c0: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7365 7420 command set \n+000036d0: 6672 6f6d 2073 6372 6174 6368 2e20 2049 from scratch. I\n+000036e0: 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 f no configurati\n+000036f0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6973 2070 7265 7365 on file is prese\n+00003700: 6e74 2c0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6472 nt,. 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Editing co\n+000037a0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 6c6f 7365 6c79 0a20 mmands closely. \n+000037b0: 2020 2020 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 7468 resembles th\n+000037c0: 6520 4261 7368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c e Bash command-l\n+000037d0: 696e 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6173 683a ine (*note Bash:\n+000037e0: 2028 6665 6174 7572 6573 2943 6f6d 6d61 (features)Comma\n+000037f0: 6e64 204c 696e 650a 2020 2020 2045 6469 nd Line. 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Supp\n+000038a0: 6f72 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2066 696c ort multiple fil\n+000038b0: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7479 7065 7320 7472 esystem types tr\n+000038c0: 616e 7370 6172 656e 746c 792c 2070 6c75 ansparently, plu\n+000038d0: 7320 6120 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 2020 s a useful. \n+000038e0: 6578 706c 6963 6974 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 explicit blockli\n+000038f0: 7374 206e 6f74 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 5468 st notation. 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(l\n+000039b0: 6974 746c 652d 2061 6e64 2062 6967 2d65 ittle- and big-e\n+000039c0: 6e64 6961 6e20 6269 6e2c 206f 6463 2061 ndian bin, odc a\n+000039d0: 6e64 206e 6577 6320 7661 7269 616e 7473 nd newc variants\n+000039e0: 292c 2022 4c69 6e75 780a 2020 2020 2065 ), \"Linux. e\n+000039f0: 7874 322f 6578 7433 2f65 7874 3422 2c20 xt2/ext3/ext4\", \n+00003a00: 2244 4f53 2046 4154 3132 2f46 4154 3136 \"DOS FAT12/FAT16\n+00003a10: 2f46 4154 3332 222c 2022 6578 4641 5422 /FAT32\", \"exFAT\"\n+00003a20: 2c20 2246 3246 5322 2c20 2248 4653 222c , \"F2FS\", \"HFS\",\n+00003a30: 0a20 2020 2020 2248 4653 2b22 2c20 2249 . \"HFS+\", \"I\n+00003a40: 534f 3936 3630 2220 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 SO9660\" (includi\n+00003a50: 6e67 204a 6f6c 6965 742c 2052 6f63 6b2d ng Joliet, Rock-\n+00003a60: 7269 6467 6520 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 692d ridge and multi-\n+00003a70: 6368 756e 6b0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 chunk. files\n+00003a80: 292c 2022 4a46 5322 2c20 224d 696e 6978 ), \"JFS\", \"Minix\n+00003a90: 2066 7322 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e73 2031 fs\" (versions 1\n+00003aa0: 2c20 3220 616e 6420 3329 2c20 226e 696c , 2 and 3), \"nil\n+00003ab0: 6673 3222 2c20 224e 5446 5322 0a20 2020 fs2\", \"NTFS\". \n+00003ac0: 2020 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2063 6f6d (including com\n+00003ad0: 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 292c 2022 5265 6973 pression), \"Reis\n+00003ae0: 6572 4653 222c 2022 524f 4d46 5322 2c20 erFS\", \"ROMFS\", \n+00003af0: 2241 6d69 6761 2053 6d61 7274 0a20 2020 \"Amiga Smart. \n+00003b00: 2020 4669 6c65 5379 7374 656d 2028 5346 FileSystem (SF\n+00003b10: 5329 222c 2022 5371 7561 7368 3422 2c20 S)\", \"Squash4\", \n+00003b20: 2274 6172 222c 2022 5544 4622 2c20 2242 \"tar\", \"UDF\", \"B\n+00003b30: 5344 2055 4653 2f55 4653 3222 2c20 2258 SD UFS/UFS2\", \"X\n+00003b40: 4653 222c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 225a FS\",. and \"Z\n+00003b50: 4653 2220 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 206c FS\" (including l\n+00003b60: 7a6a 622c 2067 7a69 702c 207a 6c65 2c20 zjb, gzip, zle, \n+00003b70: 6d69 7272 6f72 2c20 7374 7269 7065 2c20 mirror, stripe, \n+00003b80: 7261 6964 7a31 2f32 2f33 0a20 2020 2020 raidz1/2/3. \n+00003b90: 616e 6420 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2069 and encryption i\n+00003ba0: 6e20 4145 532d 4343 4d20 616e 6420 4145 n AES-CCM and AE\n+00003bb0: 532d 4743 4d29 2e20 2a4e 6f74 6520 4669 S-GCM). *Note Fi\n+00003bc0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 3a3a 2c20 666f 720a lesystem::, for.\n+00003bd0: 2020 2020 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d more inform\n+00003be0: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 ation...Support \n+00003bf0: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 6465 636f 6d70 automatic decomp\n+00003c00: 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2043 616e ression. Can\n+00003c10: 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 6669 6c65 decompress file\n+00003c20: 7320 7768 6963 6820 7765 7265 2063 6f6d s which were com\n+00003c30: 7072 6573 7365 6420 6279 2027 677a 6970 pressed by 'gzip\n+00003c40: 2720 6f72 2027 787a 2728 3229 0a20 2020 ' or 'xz'(2). \n+00003c50: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 (*note Feature\n+00003c60: 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d32 3a3a 292e s-Footnote-2::).\n+00003c70: 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 This function \n+00003c80: 6973 2062 6f74 6820 6175 746f 6d61 7469 is both automati\n+00003c90: 6320 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 c and. trans\n+00003ca0: 7061 7265 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7573 parent to the us\n+00003cb0: 6572 2028 692e 652e 2020 616c 6c20 6675 er (i.e. all fu\n+00003cc0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f70 6572 6174 6520 nctions operate \n+00003cd0: 7570 6f6e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 756e upon the. un\n+00003ce0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2063 6f6e 7465 compressed conte\n+00003cf0: 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 nts of the speci\n+00003d00: 6669 6564 2066 696c 6573 292e 2020 5468 fied files). Th\n+00003d10: 6973 2067 7265 6174 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 is greatly. \n+00003d20: 7265 6475 6365 7320 6120 6669 6c65 2073 reduces a file s\n+00003d30: 697a 6520 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 ize and loading \n+00003d40: 7469 6d65 2c20 6120 7061 7274 6963 756c time, a particul\n+00003d50: 6172 6c79 2067 7265 6174 2062 656e 6566 arly great benef\n+00003d60: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 666c 6f70 it. for flop\n+00003d70: 7069 6573 2e28 3329 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 pies.(3) (*note\n+00003d80: 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f Features-Footno\n+00003d90: 7465 2d33 3a3a 290a 0a20 2020 2020 4974 te-3::).. It\n+00003da0: 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6569 7661 626c 6520 is conceivable \n+00003db0: 7468 6174 2073 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c that some kernel\n+00003dc0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 modules should \n+00003dd0: 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2061 0a20 be loaded in a. \n+00003de0: 2020 2020 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2073 compressed s\n+00003df0: 7461 7465 2c20 736f 2061 2064 6966 6665 tate, so a diffe\n+00003e00: 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 756c 652d 6c6f 6164 rent module-load\n+00003e10: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 ing command can \n+00003e20: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 be. specifie\n+00003e30: 6420 746f 2061 766f 6964 2075 6e63 6f6d d to avoid uncom\n+00003e40: 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206d 6f64 pressing the mod\n+00003e50: 756c 6573 2e0a 0a41 6363 6573 7320 6461 ules...Access da\n+00003e60: 7461 206f 6e20 616e 7920 696e 7374 616c ta on any instal\n+00003e70: 6c65 6420 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 led device. \n+00003e80: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6164 696e 6720 Support reading \n+00003e90: 6461 7461 2066 726f 6d20 616e 7920 6f72 data from any or\n+00003ea0: 2061 6c6c 2066 6c6f 7070 6965 7320 6f72 all floppies or\n+00003eb0: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2873 290a 2020 hard disk(s). \n+00003ec0: 2020 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 6279 recognized by\n+00003ed0: 2074 6865 2042 494f 532c 2069 6e64 6570 the BIOS, indep\n+00003ee0: 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7365 endent of the se\n+00003ef0: 7474 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f tting of the roo\n+00003f00: 740a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a t. device...\n+00003f10: 4265 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f Be independent o\n+00003f20: 6620 6472 6976 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 f drive geometry\n+00003f30: 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 translations. \n+00003f40: 2020 2055 6e6c 696b 6520 6d61 6e79 206f Unlike many o\n+00003f50: 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 ther boot loader\n+00003f60: 732c 2047 5255 4220 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 s, GRUB makes th\n+00003f70: 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2064 7269 e particular dri\n+00003f80: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 ve. translat\n+00003f90: 696f 6e20 6972 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 2e20 ion irrelevant. \n+00003fa0: 2041 2064 7269 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c A drive install\n+00003fb0: 6564 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2077 ed and running w\n+00003fc0: 6974 6820 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2074 7261 ith one. tra\n+00003fd0: 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 nslation may be \n+00003fe0: 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2061 6e6f converted to ano\n+00003ff0: 7468 6572 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e ther translation\n+00004000: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 without any. \n+00004010: 2020 6164 7665 7273 6520 6566 6665 6374 adverse effect\n+00004020: 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2069 6e20 s or changes in \n+00004030: 4752 5542 2773 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 GRUB's configura\n+00004040: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a44 6574 6563 7420 616c tion...Detect al\n+00004050: 6c20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 5241 4d0a l installed RAM.\n+00004060: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6765 GRUB can ge\n+00004070: 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6669 6e64 2061 6c6c nerally find all\n+00004080: 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2052 the installed R\n+00004090: 414d 206f 6e20 6120 5043 2d63 6f6d 7061 AM on a PC-compa\n+000040a0: 7469 626c 650a 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 tible. machi\n+000040b0: 6e65 2e20 2049 7420 7573 6573 2061 6e20 ne. It uses an \n+000040c0: 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2042 494f 5320 7175 advanced BIOS qu\n+000040d0: 6572 7920 7465 6368 6e69 7175 6520 666f ery technique fo\n+000040e0: 7220 6669 6e64 696e 6720 616c 6c0a 2020 r finding all. \n+000040f0: 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e memory region\n+00004100: 732e 2020 4173 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 s. As described\n+00004110: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f on the Multiboo\n+00004120: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 t Specification \n+00004130: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 (*note. Mult\n+00004140: 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 iboot Specificat\n+00004150: 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 ion: (multiboot)\n+00004160: 546f 702e 292c 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 206b Top.), not all k\n+00004170: 6572 6e65 6c73 206d 616b 6520 7573 650a ernels make use.\n+00004180: 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e66 of this inf\n+00004190: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2c20 6275 7420 4752 ormation, but GR\n+000041a0: 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6974 2066 UB provides it f\n+000041b0: 6f72 2074 686f 7365 2077 686f 2064 6f2e or those who do.\n+000041c0: 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 4c6f 6769 6361 ..Support Logica\n+000041d0: 6c20 426c 6f63 6b20 4164 6472 6573 7320 l Block Address \n+000041e0: 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2074 7261 mode. In tra\n+000041f0: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2064 6973 6b20 6361 ditional disk ca\n+00004200: 6c6c 7320 2863 616c 6c65 6420 2243 4853 lls (called \"CHS\n+00004210: 206d 6f64 6522 292c 2074 6865 7265 2069 mode\"), there i\n+00004220: 7320 6120 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 0a20 2020 s a geometry. \n+00004230: 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 7072 translation pr\n+00004240: 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 oblem, that is, \n+00004250: 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 the BIOS cannot \n+00004260: 6163 6365 7373 206f 7665 7220 3130 3234 access over 1024\n+00004270: 0a20 2020 2020 6379 6c69 6e64 6572 732c . cylinders,\n+00004280: 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 so the accessib\n+00004290: 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 le space is limi\n+000042a0: 7465 6420 746f 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 ted to at least \n+000042b0: 3530 3820 4d42 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 508 MB. and \n+000042c0: 746f 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 2038 4742 2e20 to at most 8GB. \n+000042d0: 4752 5542 2063 616e 2774 2075 6e69 7665 GRUB can't unive\n+000042e0: 7273 616c 6c79 2073 6f6c 7665 2074 6869 rsally solve thi\n+000042f0: 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2061 730a 2020 s problem, as. \n+00004300: 2020 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2073 there is no s\n+00004310: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7465 7266 6163 tandard interfac\n+00004320: 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 6d61 e used in all ma\n+00004330: 6368 696e 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 chines. However\n+00004340: 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6576 6572 616c 206e ,. several n\n+00004350: 6577 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 7320 6861 ewer machines ha\n+00004360: 7665 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e74 6572 ve the new inter\n+00004370: 6661 6365 2c20 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c face, Logical Bl\n+00004380: 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 ock. Address\n+00004390: 2028 224c 4241 2229 206d 6f64 652e 2020 (\"LBA\") mode. \n+000043a0: 4752 5542 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c GRUB automatical\n+000043b0: 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7473 2069 6620 4c42 ly detects if LB\n+000043c0: 4120 6d6f 6465 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 A mode is. a\n+000043d0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 7365 vailable and use\n+000043e0: 7320 6974 2069 6620 6176 6169 6c61 626c s it if availabl\n+000043f0: 652e 2020 496e 204c 4241 206d 6f64 652c e. In LBA mode,\n+00004400: 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 GRUB can access\n+00004410: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 . the entire\n+00004420: 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 disk...Support \n+00004430: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 670a network booting.\n+00004440: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2062 6173 GRUB is bas\n+00004450: 6963 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6973 6b2d 6261 ically a disk-ba\n+00004460: 7365 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 sed boot loader \n+00004470: 6275 7420 616c 736f 2068 6173 206e 6574 but also has net\n+00004480: 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 work. suppor\n+00004490: 742e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 t. You can load\n+000044a0: 204f 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 OS images from \n+000044b0: 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6279 2075 7369 a network by usi\n+000044c0: 6e67 2074 6865 2022 5446 5450 220a 2020 ng the \"TFTP\". \n+000044d0: 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 0a0a 5375 protocol...Su\n+000044e0: 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 pport remote ter\n+000044f0: 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 546f 2073 minals. To s\n+00004500: 7570 706f 7274 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 upport computers\n+00004510: 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 with no console\n+00004520: 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 , GRUB provides \n+00004530: 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a remote terminal.\n+00004540: 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 736f support, so\n+00004550: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 636f that you can co\n+00004560: 6e74 726f 6c20 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 ntrol GRUB from \n+00004570: 6120 7265 6d6f 7465 2068 6f73 742e 2020 a remote host. \n+00004580: 4f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c Only. serial\n+00004590: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 terminal suppor\n+000045a0: 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 t is implemented\n+000045b0: 2061 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6d65 6e74 2e0a at the moment..\n+000045c0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000045d0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6561 7475 fo, Node: Featu\n+000045e0: 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 res-Footnotes, \n+000045f0: 5570 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 0a0a 2020 Up: Features.. \n+00004600: 2028 3129 2054 6865 204e 6574 4253 442f (1) The NetBSD/\n+00004610: 6933 3836 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6973 204d i386 kernel is M\n+00004620: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 ultiboot-complia\n+00004630: 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 7375 nt, but lacks su\n+00004640: 7070 6f72 740a 666f 7220 4d75 6c74 6962 pport.for Multib\n+00004650: 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 oot modules... \n+00004660: 2028 3229 204f 6e6c 7920 4352 4333 3220 (2) Only CRC32 \n+00004670: 6461 7461 2069 6e74 6567 7269 7479 2063 data integrity c\n+00004680: 6865 636b 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 heck is supporte\n+00004690: 6420 2878 7a20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 d (xz default is\n+000046a0: 2043 5243 3634 0a73 6f20 6f6e 6520 7368 CRC64.so one sh\n+000046b0: 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 202d 6368 6563 6b3d ould use -check=\n+000046c0: 6372 6333 3220 6f70 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 crc32 option). \n+000046d0: 4c5a 4d41 2042 434a 2066 696c 7465 7273 LZMA BCJ filters\n+000046e0: 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a are supported..\n+000046f0: 0a20 2020 2833 2920 5468 6572 6520 6172 . (3) There ar\n+00004700: 6520 6120 6665 7720 7061 7468 6f6c 6f67 e a few patholog\n+00004710: 6963 616c 2063 6173 6573 2077 6865 7265 ical cases where\n+00004720: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2076 6572 7920 loading a very \n+00004730: 6261 646c 790a 6f72 6761 6e69 7a65 6420 badly.organized \n+00004740: 454c 4620 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6967 6874 ELF kernel might\n+00004750: 2074 616b 6520 6c6f 6e67 6572 2c20 6275 take longer, bu\n+00004760: 7420 696e 2070 7261 6374 6963 6520 7468 t in practice th\n+00004770: 6973 206e 6576 6572 0a68 6170 7065 6e2e is never.happen.\n+00004780: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00004790: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f 6c65 nfo, Node: Role\n+000047a0: 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 of a boot loade\n+000047b0: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4665 6174 7572 r, Prev: Featur\n+000047c0: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 es, Up: Introdu\n+000047d0: 6374 696f 6e0a 0a31 2e35 2054 6865 2072 ction..1.5 The r\n+000047e0: 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ole of a boot lo\n+000047f0: 6164 6572 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ader.===========\n 00004800: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004810: 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 ..The following \n-00004820: 6973 2061 2071 756f 7461 7469 6f6e 2066 is a quotation f\n-00004830: 726f 6d20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 rom Gordon Matzi\n-00004840: 676b 6569 742c 2061 2047 5255 4220 6661 gkeit, a GRUB fa\n-00004850: 6e61 7469 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f6d natic:.. Som\n-00004860: 6520 7065 6f70 6c65 206c 696b 6520 746f e people like to\n-00004870: 2061 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 2062 6f74 acknowledge bot\n-00004880: 6820 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 h the operating \n-00004890: 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 system and. \n-000048a0: 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6579 kernel when they\n-000048b0: 2074 616c 6b20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6569 talk about thei\n-000048c0: 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 732c 2073 6f20 r computers, so \n-000048d0: 7468 6579 206d 6967 6874 2073 6179 2074 they might say t\n-000048e0: 6865 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 2022 474e hey. use \"GN\n-000048f0: 552f 4c69 6e75 7822 206f 7220 2247 4e55 U/Linux\" or \"GNU\n-00004900: 2f48 7572 6422 2e20 204f 7468 6572 2070 /Hurd\". Other p\n-00004910: 656f 706c 6520 7365 656d 2074 6f20 7468 eople seem to th\n-00004920: 696e 6b20 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ink that the. \n-00004930: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 7468 6520 kernel is the \n-00004940: 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2070 most important p\n-00004950: 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 art of the syste\n-00004960: 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206c 696b 6520 m, so they like \n-00004970: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6c6c 2074 6865 to. call the\n-00004980: 6972 2047 4e55 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 ir GNU operating\n-00004990: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2022 4c69 6e75 7820 systems \"Linux \n-000049a0: 7379 7374 656d 732e 220a 0a20 2020 2020 systems.\".. \n-000049b0: 492c 2070 6572 736f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 I, personally, b\n-000049c0: 656c 6965 7665 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 elieve that this\n-000049d0: 2069 7320 6120 6772 6176 6520 696e 6a75 is a grave inju\n-000049e0: 7374 6963 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 stice, because t\n-000049f0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5f62 6f6f 7420 6c6f he. _boot lo\n-00004a00: 6164 6572 5f20 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f73 ader_ is the mos\n-00004a10: 7420 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 736f 6674 t important soft\n-00004a20: 7761 7265 206f 6620 616c 6c2e 2020 4920 ware of all. I \n-00004a30: 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6566 used to. ref\n-00004a40: 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 er to the above \n-00004a50: 7379 7374 656d 7320 6173 2065 6974 6865 systems as eithe\n-00004a60: 7220 224c 494c 4f22 2831 2920 282a 6e6f r \"LILO\"(1) (*no\n-00004a70: 7465 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 te Role of a. \n-00004a80: 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722d 466f boot loader-Fo\n-00004a90: 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2920 6f72 2022 otnote-1::) or \"\n-00004aa0: 4752 5542 2220 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a GRUB\" systems...\n-00004ab0: 2020 2020 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 Unfortunate\n-00004ac0: 6c79 2c20 6e6f 626f 6479 2065 7665 7220 ly, nobody ever \n-00004ad0: 756e 6465 7273 746f 6f64 2077 6861 7420 understood what \n-00004ae0: 4920 7761 7320 7461 6c6b 696e 6720 6162 I was talking ab\n-00004af0: 6f75 743b 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 4920 out; now. I \n-00004b00: 6a75 7374 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 6f72 just use the wor\n-00004b10: 6420 2247 4e55 2220 6173 2061 2070 7365 d \"GNU\" as a pse\n-00004b20: 7564 6f6e 796d 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422e udonym for GRUB.\n-00004b30: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f2c 2069 6620 796f .. So, if yo\n-00004b40: 7520 6576 6572 2068 6561 7220 7065 6f70 u ever hear peop\n-00004b50: 6c65 2074 616c 6b69 6e67 2061 626f 7574 le talking about\n-00004b60: 2074 6865 6972 2061 6c6c 6567 6564 2022 their alleged \"\n-00004b70: 474e 5522 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d GNU\". system\n-00004b80: 732c 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 s, remember that\n-00004b90: 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6163 7475 616c they are actual\n-00004ba0: 6c79 2070 6179 696e 6720 686f 6d61 6765 ly paying homage\n-00004bb0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 7374 0a20 2020 to the best. \n-00004bc0: 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6172 boot loader ar\n-00004bd0: 6f75 6e64 2e2e 2e20 4752 5542 210a 0a20 ound... GRUB!.. \n-00004be0: 2020 5765 2c20 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d We, the GRUB m\n-00004bf0: 6169 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c20 646f 206e aintainers, do n\n-00004c00: 6f74 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 7929 2065 6e63 ot (usually) enc\n-00004c10: 6f75 7261 6765 2047 6f72 646f 6e27 7320 ourage Gordon's \n-00004c20: 6c65 7665 6c0a 6f66 2066 616e 6174 6963 level.of fanatic\n-00004c30: 6973 6d2c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6865 6c70 ism, but it help\n-00004c40: 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 s to remember th\n-00004c50: 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 at boot loaders \n-00004c60: 6465 7365 7276 650a 7265 636f 676e 6974 deserve.recognit\n-00004c70: 696f 6e2e 2020 5765 2068 6f70 6520 7468 ion. We hope th\n-00004c80: 6174 2079 6f75 2065 6e6a 6f79 2075 7369 at you enjoy usi\n-00004c90: 6e67 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6173 206d ng GNU GRUB as m\n-00004ca0: 7563 6820 6173 2077 6520 6469 640a 7772 uch as we did.wr\n-00004cb0: 6974 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c iting it.....Fil\n-00004cc0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00004cd0: 6f64 653a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 ode: Role of a b\n-00004ce0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2d46 6f6f 746e oot loader-Footn\n-00004cf0: 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2052 6f6c 6520 otes, Up: Role \n-00004d00: 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 of a boot loader\n-00004d10: 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204c 496e .. (1) The LIn\n-00004d20: 7578 204c 4f61 6465 722c 2061 2062 6f6f ux LOader, a boo\n-00004d30: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 6576 t loader that ev\n-00004d40: 6572 7962 6f64 7920 7573 6573 2c20 6275 erybody uses, bu\n-00004d50: 7420 6e6f 626f 6479 0a6c 696b 6573 2e0a t nobody.likes..\n-00004d60: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00004d70: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 616d 696e fo, Node: Namin\n-00004d80: 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e g convention, N\n-00004d90: 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 ext: OS-specific\n-00004da0: 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 notes about gru\n-00004db0: 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 b tools, Prev: \n-00004dc0: 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 Introduction, U\n-00004dd0: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3220 4e61 6d69 6e67 p: Top..2 Naming\n-00004de0: 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a convention.****\n-00004df0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-00004e00: 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 .The device synt\n-00004e10: 6178 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 4220 ax used in GRUB \n-00004e20: 6973 2061 2077 6565 2062 6974 2064 6966 is a wee bit dif\n-00004e30: 6665 7265 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 7768 6174 ferent from what\n-00004e40: 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a68 6176 6520 7365 you may.have se\n-00004e50: 656e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 696e 2079 6f75 en before in you\n-00004e60: 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 r operating syst\n-00004e70: 656d 2873 292c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206e em(s), and you n\n-00004e80: 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 6974 2073 eed to know it s\n-00004e90: 6f0a 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 o.that you can s\n-00004ea0: 7065 6369 6679 2061 2064 7269 7665 2f70 pecify a drive/p\n-00004eb0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c6f artition... Lo\n-00004ec0: 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ok at the follow\n-00004ed0: 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 6e64 ing examples and\n-00004ee0: 2065 7870 6c61 6e61 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a explanations:..\n-00004ef0: 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a0a 2020 2046 (fd0).. F\n-00004f00: 6972 7374 206f 6620 616c 6c2c 2047 5255 irst of all, GRU\n-00004f10: 4220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2074 6861 7420 B requires that \n-00004f20: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 the device name \n-00004f30: 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 7769 7468 be enclosed with\n-00004f40: 2027 2827 0a61 6e64 2027 2927 2e20 2054 '('.and ')'. T\n-00004f50: 6865 2027 6664 2720 7061 7274 206d 6561 he 'fd' part mea\n-00004f60: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6120 ns that it is a \n-00004f70: 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 floppy disk. Th\n-00004f80: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2027 3027 0a69 7320 e number '0'.is \n-00004f90: 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 the drive number\n-00004fa0: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2063 6f75 6e74 , which is count\n-00004fb0: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 5f7a 6572 6f5f 2e20 ed from _zero_. \n-00004fc0: 2054 6869 7320 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e This expression\n-00004fd0: 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 .means that GRUB\n-00004fe0: 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 7768 will use the wh\n-00004ff0: 6f6c 6520 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e ole floppy disk.\n-00005000: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f .. (hd0,msdo\n-00005010: 7332 290a 0a20 2020 4865 7265 2c20 2768 s2).. Here, 'h\n-00005020: 6427 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 6973 2061 d' means it is a\n-00005030: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 hard disk drive\n-00005040: 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 2069 6e74 . The first int\n-00005050: 6567 6572 2027 3027 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 eger '0'.indicat\n-00005060: 6573 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d es the drive num\n-00005070: 6265 722c 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 ber, that is, th\n-00005080: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 e first hard dis\n-00005090: 6b2c 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a 276d k, the string.'m\n-000050a0: 7364 6f73 2720 696e 6469 6361 7465 7320 sdos' indicates \n-000050b0: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7363 the partition sc\n-000050c0: 6865 6d65 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 heme, while the \n-000050d0: 7365 636f 6e64 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2c20 second integer, \n-000050e0: 2732 272c 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 '2',.indicates t\n-000050f0: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d he partition num\n-00005100: 6265 7220 286f 7220 7468 6520 5043 2073 ber (or the PC s\n-00005110: 6c69 6365 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e 2074 lice number in t\n-00005120: 6865 2042 5344 0a74 6572 6d69 6e6f 6c6f he BSD.terminolo\n-00005130: 6779 292e 2020 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 gy). The partit\n-00005140: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6172 6520 ion numbers are \n-00005150: 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 205f 6f6e counted from _on\n-00005160: 655f 2c20 6e6f 7420 6672 6f6d 0a7a 6572 e_, not from.zer\n-00005170: 6f20 2861 7320 7761 7320 7468 6520 6361 o (as was the ca\n-00005180: 7365 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 se in previous v\n-00005190: 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4229 ersions of GRUB)\n-000051a0: 2e20 5468 6973 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f . This expressio\n-000051b0: 6e0a 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7365 636f n.means the seco\n-000051c0: 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 nd partition of \n-000051d0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 the first hard d\n-000051e0: 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 496e 2074 isk drive. In t\n-000051f0: 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c0a 4752 5542 2075 his case,.GRUB u\n-00005200: 7365 7320 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f ses one partitio\n-00005210: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2c 2069 n of the disk, i\n-00005220: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 6520 7768 nstead of the wh\n-00005230: 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ole disk... \n-00005240: 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 0a0a 2020 (hd0,msdos5).. \n-00005250: 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 This specifies \n-00005260: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 2265 7874 656e the first \"exten\n-00005270: 6465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e22 206f ded partition\" o\n-00005280: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 f the first hard\n-00005290: 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f disk.drive. No\n-000052a0: 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 te that the part\n-000052b0: 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 666f ition numbers fo\n-000052c0: 7220 6578 7465 6e64 6564 2070 6172 7469 r extended parti\n-000052d0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 636f 756e 7465 tions are.counte\n-000052e0: 6420 6672 6f6d 2027 3527 2c20 7265 6761 d from '5', rega\n-000052f0: 7264 6c65 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 6163 rdless of the ac\n-00005300: 7475 616c 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2070 tual number of p\n-00005310: 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e rimary partition\n-00005320: 730a 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 s.on your hard d\n-00005330: 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 312c isk... (hd1,\n-00005340: 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3129 0a0a 2020 msdos1,bsd1).. \n-00005350: 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 This means the \n-00005360: 4253 4420 2761 2720 7061 7274 6974 696f BSD 'a' partitio\n-00005370: 6e20 6f6e 2066 6972 7374 2050 4320 736c n on first PC sl\n-00005380: 6963 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7468 ice number of th\n-00005390: 650a 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 6420 6469 e.second hard di\n-000053a0: 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f66 2063 6f75 7273 sk... Of cours\n-000053b0: 652c 2074 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2061 e, to actually a\n-000053c0: 6363 6573 7320 7468 6520 6469 736b 7320 ccess the disks \n-000053d0: 6f72 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 or partitions wi\n-000053e0: 7468 2047 5255 422c 2079 6f75 0a6e 6565 th GRUB, you.nee\n-000053f0: 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 6576 d to use the dev\n-00005400: 6963 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f ice specificatio\n-00005410: 6e20 696e 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 n in a command, \n-00005420: 6c69 6b65 2027 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 like 'set root=(\n-00005430: 6664 3029 270a 6f72 2027 7061 7274 746f fd0)'.or 'partto\n-00005440: 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7333 2920 ol (hd0,msdos3) \n-00005450: 6869 6464 656e 2d27 2e20 2054 6f20 6865 hidden-'. To he\n-00005460: 6c70 2079 6f75 2066 696e 6420 6f75 7420 lp you find out \n-00005470: 7768 6963 6820 6e75 6d62 6572 0a73 7065 which number.spe\n-00005480: 6369 6669 6573 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 cifies a partiti\n-00005490: 6f6e 2079 6f75 2077 616e 742c 2074 6865 on you want, the\n-000054a0: 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 GRUB command-li\n-000054b0: 6e65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 436f 6d6d 616e ne (*note.Comman\n-000054c0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line interface\n-000054d0: 3a3a 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6861 7665 ::) options have\n-000054e0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 argument comple\n-000054f0: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e tion. This mean\n-00005500: 730a 7468 6174 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d s.that, for exam\n-00005510: 706c 652c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 6e65 ple, you only ne\n-00005520: 6564 2074 6f20 7479 7065 0a0a 2020 2020 ed to type.. \n-00005530: 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 280a 0a20 2020 set root=(.. \n-00005540: 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6120 3c54 followed by a , and GRUB wi\n-00005560: 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 206c ll display the l\n-00005570: 6973 7420 6f66 2064 7269 7665 732c 0a70 ist of drives,.p\n-00005580: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732c 206f 7220 6669 artitions, or fi\n-00005590: 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2053 6f20 6974 le names. So it\n-000055a0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2071 7569 7465 should be quite\n-000055b0: 2065 6173 7920 746f 2064 6574 6572 6d69 easy to determi\n-000055c0: 6e65 2074 6865 0a6e 616d 6520 6f66 2079 ne the.name of y\n-000055d0: 6f75 7220 7461 7267 6574 2070 6172 7469 our target parti\n-000055e0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6576 656e 2077 6974 6820 tion, even with \n-000055f0: 6d69 6e69 6d61 6c20 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 minimal knowledg\n-00005600: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a73 796e 7461 782e e of the.syntax.\n-00005610: 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2047 .. Note that G\n-00005620: 5255 4220 646f 6573 205f 6e6f 745f 2064 RUB does _not_ d\n-00005630: 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 2049 4445 2066 istinguish IDE f\n-00005640: 726f 6d20 5343 5349 202d 2069 7420 7369 rom SCSI - it si\n-00005650: 6d70 6c79 0a63 6f75 6e74 7320 7468 6520 mply.counts the \n-00005660: 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6672 drive numbers fr\n-00005670: 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 2072 6567 6172 646c om zero, regardl\n-00005680: 6573 7320 6f66 2074 6865 6972 2074 7970 ess of their typ\n-00005690: 652e 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c0a 616e e. Normally,.an\n-000056a0: 7920 4944 4520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 y IDE drive numb\n-000056b0: 6572 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 er is less than \n-000056c0: 616e 7920 5343 5349 2064 7269 7665 206e any SCSI drive n\n-000056d0: 756d 6265 722c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 umber, although \n-000056e0: 7468 6174 0a69 7320 6e6f 7420 7472 7565 that.is not true\n-000056f0: 2069 6620 796f 7520 6368 616e 6765 2074 if you change t\n-00005700: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 he boot sequence\n-00005710: 2062 7920 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2049 4445 by swapping IDE\n-00005720: 2061 6e64 2053 4353 490a 6472 6976 6573 and SCSI.drives\n-00005730: 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2042 494f 532e 0a0a in your BIOS...\n-00005740: 2020 204e 6f77 2074 6865 2071 7565 7374 Now the quest\n-00005750: 696f 6e20 6973 2c20 686f 7720 746f 2073 ion is, how to s\n-00005760: 7065 6369 6679 2061 2066 696c 653f 2020 pecify a file? \n-00005770: 4167 6169 6e2c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 Again, consider \n-00005780: 616e 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 an.example:.. \n-00005790: 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 2f76 (hd0,msdos1)/v\n-000057a0: 6d6c 696e 757a 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 mlinuz.. This \n-000057b0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 specifies the fi\n-000057c0: 6c65 206e 616d 6564 2027 766d 6c69 6e75 le named 'vmlinu\n-000057d0: 7a27 2c20 666f 756e 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 z', found on the\n-000057e0: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first partition\n-000057f0: 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 .of the first ha\n-00005800: 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 rd disk drive. \n-00005810: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6172 Note that the ar\n-00005820: 6775 6d65 6e74 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f gument completio\n-00005830: 6e20 776f 726b 730a 7769 7468 2066 696c n works.with fil\n-00005840: 6520 6e61 6d65 732c 2074 6f6f 2e0a 0a20 e names, too... \n-00005850: 2020 5468 6174 2077 6173 2065 6173 792c That was easy,\n-00005860: 2061 646d 6974 2069 742e 2020 4e6f 7720 admit it. Now \n-00005870: 7265 6164 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 6368 read the next ch\n-00005880: 6170 7465 722c 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 206f apter, to find o\n-00005890: 7574 2068 6f77 0a74 6f20 6163 7475 616c ut how.to actual\n-000058a0: 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 ly install GRUB \n-000058b0: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 652e 0a0a on your drive...\n-000058c0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000058d0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 o, Node: OS-spe\n-000058e0: 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 cific notes abou\n-000058f0: 7420 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 2c20 204e t grub tools, N\n-00005900: 6578 743a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f ext: Installatio\n-00005910: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 n, Prev: Naming\n-00005920: 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 convention, Up\n-00005930: 3a20 546f 700a 0a33 204f 532d 7370 6563 : Top..3 OS-spec\n-00005940: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 ific notes about\n-00005950: 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 730a 2a2a 2a2a grub tools.****\n+00004810: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e ==..The followin\n+00004820: 6720 6973 2061 2071 756f 7461 7469 6f6e g is a quotation\n+00004830: 2066 726f 6d20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 from Gordon Mat\n+00004840: 7a69 676b 6569 742c 2061 2047 5255 4220 zigkeit, a GRUB \n+00004850: 6661 6e61 7469 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 fanatic:.. S\n+00004860: 6f6d 6520 7065 6f70 6c65 206c 696b 6520 ome people like \n+00004870: 746f 2061 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 2062 to acknowledge b\n+00004880: 6f74 6820 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e oth the operatin\n+00004890: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 g system and. \n+000048a0: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 7468 kernel when th\n+000048b0: 6579 2074 616c 6b20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 ey talk about th\n+000048c0: 6569 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 732c 2073 eir computers, s\n+000048d0: 6f20 7468 6579 206d 6967 6874 2073 6179 o they might say\n+000048e0: 2074 6865 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 2022 they. use \"\n+000048f0: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7822 206f 7220 2247 GNU/Linux\" or \"G\n+00004900: 4e55 2f48 7572 6422 2e20 204f 7468 6572 NU/Hurd\". Other\n+00004910: 2070 656f 706c 6520 7365 656d 2074 6f20 people seem to \n+00004920: 7468 696e 6b20 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a20 think that the. \n+00004930: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 7468 kernel is th\n+00004940: 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 e most important\n+00004950: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7973 part of the sys\n+00004960: 7465 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206c 696b tem, so they lik\n+00004970: 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6c6c 2074 e to. call t\n+00004980: 6865 6972 2047 4e55 206f 7065 7261 7469 heir GNU operati\n+00004990: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2022 4c69 6e75 ng systems \"Linu\n+000049a0: 7820 7379 7374 656d 732e 220a 0a20 2020 x systems.\".. \n+000049b0: 2020 492c 2070 6572 736f 6e61 6c6c 792c I, personally,\n+000049c0: 2062 656c 6965 7665 2074 6861 7420 7468 believe that th\n+000049d0: 6973 2069 7320 6120 6772 6176 6520 696e is is a grave in\n+000049e0: 6a75 7374 6963 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 justice, because\n+000049f0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5f62 6f6f 7420 the. _boot \n+00004a00: 6c6f 6164 6572 5f20 6973 2074 6865 206d loader_ is the m\n+00004a10: 6f73 7420 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 736f ost important so\n+00004a20: 6674 7761 7265 206f 6620 616c 6c2e 2020 ftware of all. \n+00004a30: 4920 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 I used to. r\n+00004a40: 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 efer to the abov\n+00004a50: 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 6173 2065 6974 e systems as eit\n+00004a60: 6865 7220 224c 494c 4f22 2831 2920 282a her \"LILO\"(1) (*\n+00004a70: 6e6f 7465 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 0a20 note Role of a. \n+00004a80: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722d boot loader-\n+00004a90: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2920 6f72 Footnote-1::) or\n+00004aa0: 2022 4752 5542 2220 7379 7374 656d 732e \"GRUB\" systems.\n+00004ab0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 .. Unfortuna\n+00004ac0: 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 626f 6479 2065 7665 tely, nobody eve\n+00004ad0: 7220 756e 6465 7273 746f 6f64 2077 6861 r understood wha\n+00004ae0: 7420 4920 7761 7320 7461 6c6b 696e 6720 t I was talking \n+00004af0: 6162 6f75 743b 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 about; now. \n+00004b00: 4920 6a75 7374 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 I just use the w\n+00004b10: 6f72 6420 2247 4e55 2220 6173 2061 2070 ord \"GNU\" as a p\n+00004b20: 7365 7564 6f6e 796d 2066 6f72 2047 5255 seudonym for GRU\n+00004b30: 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f2c 2069 6620 B... So, if \n+00004b40: 796f 7520 6576 6572 2068 6561 7220 7065 you ever hear pe\n+00004b50: 6f70 6c65 2074 616c 6b69 6e67 2061 626f ople talking abo\n+00004b60: 7574 2074 6865 6972 2061 6c6c 6567 6564 ut their alleged\n+00004b70: 2022 474e 5522 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 \"GNU\". syst\n+00004b80: 656d 732c 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 ems, remember th\n+00004b90: 6174 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6163 7475 at they are actu\n+00004ba0: 616c 6c79 2070 6179 696e 6720 686f 6d61 ally paying homa\n+00004bb0: 6765 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 7374 0a20 ge to the best. \n+00004bc0: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 boot loader \n+00004bd0: 6172 6f75 6e64 2e2e 2e20 4752 5542 210a around... GRUB!.\n+00004be0: 0a20 2020 5765 2c20 7468 6520 4752 5542 . We, the GRUB\n+00004bf0: 206d 6169 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c20 646f maintainers, do\n+00004c00: 206e 6f74 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 7929 2065 not (usually) e\n+00004c10: 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 2047 6f72 646f 6e27 ncourage Gordon'\n+00004c20: 7320 6c65 7665 6c0a 6f66 2066 616e 6174 s level.of fanat\n+00004c30: 6963 6973 6d2c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6865 icism, but it he\n+00004c40: 6c70 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 lps to remember \n+00004c50: 7468 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 that boot loader\n+00004c60: 7320 6465 7365 7276 650a 7265 636f 676e s deserve.recogn\n+00004c70: 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 5765 2068 6f70 6520 ition. We hope \n+00004c80: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2065 6e6a 6f79 2075 that you enjoy u\n+00004c90: 7369 6e67 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6173 sing GNU GRUB as\n+00004ca0: 206d 7563 6820 6173 2077 6520 6469 640a much as we did.\n+00004cb0: 7772 6974 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 writing it.....F\n+00004cc0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00004cd0: 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 Node: Role of a\n+00004ce0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2d46 6f6f boot loader-Foo\n+00004cf0: 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2052 6f6c tnotes, Up: Rol\n+00004d00: 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 e of a boot load\n+00004d10: 6572 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204c er.. (1) The L\n+00004d20: 496e 7578 204c 4f61 6465 722c 2061 2062 Inux LOader, a b\n+00004d30: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 oot loader that \n+00004d40: 6576 6572 7962 6f64 7920 7573 6573 2c20 everybody uses, \n+00004d50: 6275 7420 6e6f 626f 6479 0a6c 696b 6573 but nobody.likes\n+00004d60: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00004d70: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 616d info, Node: Nam\n+00004d80: 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 2c20 ing convention, \n+00004d90: 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 Next: OS-specif\n+00004da0: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 ic notes about g\n+00004db0: 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5072 6576 rub tools, Prev\n+00004dc0: 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2c20 : Introduction, \n+00004dd0: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3220 4e61 6d69 Up: Top..2 Nami\n+00004de0: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e0a 2a2a ng convention.**\n+00004df0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00004e00: 2a0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 *..The device sy\n+00004e10: 6e74 6178 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 ntax used in GRU\n+00004e20: 4220 6973 2061 2077 6565 2062 6974 2064 B is a wee bit d\n+00004e30: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 7768 ifferent from wh\n+00004e40: 6174 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a68 6176 6520 at you may.have \n+00004e50: 7365 656e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 696e 2079 seen before in y\n+00004e60: 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 our operating sy\n+00004e70: 7374 656d 2873 292c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 stem(s), and you\n+00004e80: 206e 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 6974 need to know it\n+00004e90: 2073 6f0a 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e so.that you can\n+00004ea0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2064 7269 7665 specify a drive\n+00004eb0: 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 /partition... \n+00004ec0: 4c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 666f 6c6c Look at the foll\n+00004ed0: 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 owing examples a\n+00004ee0: 6e64 2065 7870 6c61 6e61 7469 6f6e 733a nd explanations:\n+00004ef0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a0a 2020 .. (fd0).. \n+00004f00: 2046 6972 7374 206f 6620 616c 6c2c 2047 First of all, G\n+00004f10: 5255 4220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2074 6861 RUB requires tha\n+00004f20: 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d t the device nam\n+00004f30: 6520 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 7769 e be enclosed wi\n+00004f40: 7468 2027 2827 0a61 6e64 2027 2927 2e20 th '('.and ')'. \n+00004f50: 2054 6865 2027 6664 2720 7061 7274 206d The 'fd' part m\n+00004f60: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 eans that it is \n+00004f70: 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 a floppy disk. \n+00004f80: 5468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2027 3027 0a69 The number '0'.i\n+00004f90: 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 s the drive numb\n+00004fa0: 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2063 6f75 er, which is cou\n+00004fb0: 6e74 6564 2066 726f 6d20 5f7a 6572 6f5f nted from _zero_\n+00004fc0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6578 7072 6573 7369 . This expressi\n+00004fd0: 6f6e 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 on.means that GR\n+00004fe0: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 UB will use the \n+00004ff0: 7768 6f6c 6520 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 whole floppy dis\n+00005000: 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 k... (hd0,ms\n+00005010: 646f 7332 290a 0a20 2020 4865 7265 2c20 dos2).. Here, \n+00005020: 2768 6427 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 6973 'hd' means it is\n+00005030: 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 a hard disk dri\n+00005040: 7665 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 2069 ve. The first i\n+00005050: 6e74 6567 6572 2027 3027 0a69 6e64 6963 nteger '0'.indic\n+00005060: 6174 6573 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 206e ates the drive n\n+00005070: 756d 6265 722c 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 umber, that is, \n+00005080: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 the first hard d\n+00005090: 6973 6b2c 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a isk, the string.\n+000050a0: 276d 7364 6f73 2720 696e 6469 6361 7465 'msdos' indicate\n+000050b0: 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 s the partition \n+000050c0: 7363 6865 6d65 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 scheme, while th\n+000050d0: 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2069 6e74 6567 6572 e second integer\n+000050e0: 2c20 2732 272c 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 , '2',.indicates\n+000050f0: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e the partition n\n+00005100: 756d 6265 7220 286f 7220 7468 6520 5043 umber (or the PC\n+00005110: 2073 6c69 6365 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e slice number in\n+00005120: 2074 6865 2042 5344 0a74 6572 6d69 6e6f the BSD.termino\n+00005130: 6c6f 6779 292e 2020 5468 6520 7061 7274 logy). The part\n+00005140: 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6172 ition numbers ar\n+00005150: 6520 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 205f e counted from _\n+00005160: 6f6e 655f 2c20 6e6f 7420 6672 6f6d 0a7a one_, not from.z\n+00005170: 6572 6f20 2861 7320 7761 7320 7468 6520 ero (as was the \n+00005180: 6361 7365 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f 7573 case in previous\n+00005190: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2047 5255 versions of GRU\n+000051a0: 4229 2e20 5468 6973 2065 7870 7265 7373 B). This express\n+000051b0: 696f 6e0a 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7365 ion.means the se\n+000051c0: 636f 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f cond partition o\n+000051d0: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 f the first hard\n+000051e0: 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 496e disk drive. In\n+000051f0: 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c0a 4752 5542 this case,.GRUB\n+00005200: 2075 7365 7320 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 6974 uses one partit\n+00005210: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2c ion of the disk,\n+00005220: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 6520 instead of the \n+00005230: 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 whole disk... \n+00005240: 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 0a0a (hd0,msdos5)..\n+00005250: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 This specifie\n+00005260: 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 2265 7874 s the first \"ext\n+00005270: 656e 6465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e22 ended partition\"\n+00005280: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 of the first ha\n+00005290: 7264 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 652e 2020 rd disk.drive. \n+000052a0: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7061 Note that the pa\n+000052b0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 rtition numbers \n+000052c0: 666f 7220 6578 7465 6e64 6564 2070 6172 for extended par\n+000052d0: 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 636f 756e titions are.coun\n+000052e0: 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 2027 3527 2c20 7265 ted from '5', re\n+000052f0: 6761 7264 6c65 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 gardless of the \n+00005300: 6163 7475 616c 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 actual number of\n+00005310: 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 primary partiti\n+00005320: 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 ons.on your hard\n+00005330: 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 disk... (hd\n+00005340: 312c 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3129 0a0a 1,msdos1,bsd1)..\n+00005350: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 This means th\n+00005360: 6520 4253 4420 2761 2720 7061 7274 6974 e BSD 'a' partit\n+00005370: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2066 6972 7374 2050 4320 ion on first PC \n+00005380: 736c 6963 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 slice number of \n+00005390: 7468 650a 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 6420 the.second hard \n+000053a0: 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f66 2063 6f75 disk... Of cou\n+000053b0: 7273 652c 2074 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 rse, to actually\n+000053c0: 2061 6363 6573 7320 7468 6520 6469 736b access the disk\n+000053d0: 7320 6f72 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 s or partitions \n+000053e0: 7769 7468 2047 5255 422c 2079 6f75 0a6e with GRUB, you.n\n+000053f0: 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 eed to use the d\n+00005400: 6576 6963 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 evice specificat\n+00005410: 696f 6e20 696e 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ion in a command\n+00005420: 2c20 6c69 6b65 2027 7365 7420 726f 6f74 , like 'set root\n+00005430: 3d28 6664 3029 270a 6f72 2027 7061 7274 =(fd0)'.or 'part\n+00005440: 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7333 tool (hd0,msdos3\n+00005450: 2920 6869 6464 656e 2d27 2e20 2054 6f20 ) hidden-'. To \n+00005460: 6865 6c70 2079 6f75 2066 696e 6420 6f75 help you find ou\n+00005470: 7420 7768 6963 6820 6e75 6d62 6572 0a73 t which number.s\n+00005480: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 2070 6172 7469 pecifies a parti\n+00005490: 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2077 616e 742c 2074 tion you want, t\n+000054a0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 642d he GRUB command-\n+000054b0: 6c69 6e65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 436f 6d6d line (*note.Comm\n+000054c0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n+000054d0: 6365 3a3a 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6861 ce::) options ha\n+000054e0: 7665 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 636f 6d70 ve argument comp\n+000054f0: 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 letion. This me\n+00005500: 616e 730a 7468 6174 2c20 666f 7220 6578 ans.that, for ex\n+00005510: 616d 706c 652c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 ample, you only \n+00005520: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7479 7065 0a0a 2020 need to type.. \n+00005530: 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 280a 0a20 set root=(.. \n+00005540: 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6120 followed by a \n+00005550: 3c54 4142 3e2c 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 , and GRUB \n+00005560: 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 will display the\n+00005570: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 7269 7665 732c list of drives,\n+00005580: 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732c 206f 7220 .partitions, or \n+00005590: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2053 6f20 file names. So \n+000055a0: 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2071 7569 it should be qui\n+000055b0: 7465 2065 6173 7920 746f 2064 6574 6572 te easy to deter\n+000055c0: 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 0a6e 616d 6520 6f66 mine the.name of\n+000055d0: 2079 6f75 7220 7461 7267 6574 2070 6172 your target par\n+000055e0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6576 656e 2077 6974 tition, even wit\n+000055f0: 6820 6d69 6e69 6d61 6c20 6b6e 6f77 6c65 h minimal knowle\n+00005600: 6467 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a73 796e 7461 dge of the.synta\n+00005610: 782e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 x... Note that\n+00005620: 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 205f 6e6f 745f GRUB does _not_\n+00005630: 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 2049 4445 distinguish IDE\n+00005640: 2066 726f 6d20 5343 5349 202d 2069 7420 from SCSI - it \n+00005650: 7369 6d70 6c79 0a63 6f75 6e74 7320 7468 simply.counts th\n+00005660: 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 e drive numbers \n+00005670: 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c 2072 6567 6172 from zero, regar\n+00005680: 646c 6573 7320 6f66 2074 6865 6972 2074 dless of their t\n+00005690: 7970 652e 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c0a ype. Normally,.\n+000056a0: 616e 7920 4944 4520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 any IDE drive nu\n+000056b0: 6d62 6572 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 mber is less tha\n+000056c0: 6e20 616e 7920 5343 5349 2064 7269 7665 n any SCSI drive\n+000056d0: 206e 756d 6265 722c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 number, althoug\n+000056e0: 6820 7468 6174 0a69 7320 6e6f 7420 7472 h that.is not tr\n+000056f0: 7565 2069 6620 796f 7520 6368 616e 6765 ue if you change\n+00005700: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e the boot sequen\n+00005710: 6365 2062 7920 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2049 ce by swapping I\n+00005720: 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 490a 6472 6976 DE and SCSI.driv\n+00005730: 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2042 494f 532e es in your BIOS.\n+00005740: 0a0a 2020 204e 6f77 2074 6865 2071 7565 .. Now the que\n+00005750: 7374 696f 6e20 6973 2c20 686f 7720 746f stion is, how to\n+00005760: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2066 696c 653f specify a file?\n+00005770: 2020 4167 6169 6e2c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 Again, conside\n+00005780: 7220 616e 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 r an.example:.. \n+00005790: 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 (hd0,msdos1)\n+000057a0: 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 /vmlinuz.. Thi\n+000057b0: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 s specifies the \n+000057c0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6564 2027 766d 6c69 file named 'vmli\n+000057d0: 6e75 7a27 2c20 666f 756e 6420 6f6e 2074 nuz', found on t\n+000057e0: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n+000057f0: 6f6e 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 on.of the first \n+00005800: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e hard disk drive.\n+00005810: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 Note that the \n+00005820: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 argument complet\n+00005830: 696f 6e20 776f 726b 730a 7769 7468 2066 ion works.with f\n+00005840: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 732c 2074 6f6f 2e0a ile names, too..\n+00005850: 0a20 2020 5468 6174 2077 6173 2065 6173 . That was eas\n+00005860: 792c 2061 646d 6974 2069 742e 2020 4e6f y, admit it. No\n+00005870: 7720 7265 6164 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 w read the next \n+00005880: 6368 6170 7465 722c 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 chapter, to find\n+00005890: 206f 7574 2068 6f77 0a74 6f20 6163 7475 out how.to actu\n+000058a0: 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 ally install GRU\n+000058b0: 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 652e B on your drive.\n+000058c0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000058d0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 nfo, Node: OS-s\n+000058e0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 pecific notes ab\n+000058f0: 6f75 7420 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 2c20 out grub tools, \n+00005900: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 Next: Installat\n+00005910: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e61 6d69 ion, Prev: Nami\n+00005920: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 ng convention, \n+00005930: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a33 204f 532d 7370 Up: Top..3 OS-sp\n+00005940: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f ecific notes abo\n+00005950: 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 730a 2a2a ut grub tools.**\n 00005960: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 00005970: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00005980: 0a0a 4f6e 204f 5320 7768 6963 6820 6861 ..On OS which ha\n-00005990: 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e6f 6465 7320 ve device nodes \n-000059a0: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2055 6e69 782d similar to Unix-\n-000059b0: 6c69 6b65 204f 5320 4752 5542 2074 6f6f like OS GRUB too\n-000059c0: 6c73 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a4f 5320 6e61 ls use the.OS na\n-000059d0: 6d65 2e20 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2047 me. E.g. for G\n-000059e0: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 NU/Linux:.. \n-000059f0: 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f # grub-install /\n-00005a00: 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2041 dev/sda.. On A\n-00005a10: 524f 5320 7765 2075 7365 2061 6e6f 7468 ROS we use anoth\n-00005a20: 6572 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 466f 7220 er syntax. For \n-00005a30: 766f 6c75 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 202f volumes:.. /\n-00005a40: 2f3a 3c76 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 3e0a /:.\n-00005a50: 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 202f . E.g... /\n-00005a60: 2f3a 4448 300a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 /:DH0.. For di\n-00005a70: 736b 7320 7765 2075 7365 2073 796e 7461 sks we use synta\n-00005a80: 783a 0a20 2020 2020 2f2f 3a3c 6472 6976 x:. //:/unit/fl\n-00005aa0: 6167 730a 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 ags.. E.g... \n-00005ab0: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n-00005ac0: 6c20 2f2f 3a61 7461 2e64 6576 6963 652f l //:ata.device/\n-00005ad0: 302f 300a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2057 696e 646f 0/0.. On Windo\n-00005ae0: 7773 2077 6520 7573 6520 554e 4320 7061 ws we use UNC pa\n-00005af0: 7468 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 th. For volumes\n-00005b00: 2069 7427 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 790a it's typically.\n-00005b10: 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c 566f 6c75 6d65 . \\\\?\\Volume\n-00005b20: 7b3c 4755 4944 3e7d 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c {}. \\\\\n-00005b30: 3f5c 3c64 7269 7665 206c 6574 7465 723e ?\\\n-00005b40: 3a0a 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 :.. E.g... \n-00005b50: 205c 5c3f 5c56 6f6c 756d 657b 3137 6633 \\\\?\\Volume{17f3\n-00005b60: 3464 3530 2d63 6636 342d 3462 3032 2d38 4d50-cf64-4b02-8\n-00005b70: 3030 652d 3531 6437 3963 3361 6132 6666 00e-51d79c3aa2ff\n-00005b80: 7d0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c43 3a0a 0a20 }. \\\\?\\C:.. \n-00005b90: 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 6974 2773 For disks it's\n-00005ba0: 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 .. \\\\?\\Physi\n-00005bb0: 6361 6c44 7269 7665 3c6e 756d 6265 723e calDrive\n-00005bc0: 0a0a 2020 2045 2e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 .. E.g... \n-00005bd0: 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 205c # grub-install \\\n-00005be0: 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 \\?\\PhysicalDrive\n-00005bf0: 300a 0a20 2020 4265 7761 7265 2074 6861 0.. Beware tha\n-00005c00: 7420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2074 t you may need t\n-00005c10: 6f20 6675 7274 6865 7220 6573 6361 7065 o further escape\n-00005c20: 2074 6865 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 6573 the backslashes\n-00005c30: 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 0a6f 6e20 796f depending.on yo\n-00005c40: 7572 2073 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 ur shell... Wh\n-00005c50: 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 7769 7468 en compiled with\n-00005c60: 2063 7967 7769 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 cygwin support \n-00005c70: 7468 656e 2063 7967 7769 6e20 6472 6976 then cygwin driv\n-00005c80: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 650a 6175 746f e names are.auto\n-00005c90: 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7768 656e 206e matically when n\n-00005ca0: 6565 6465 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 eeded. E.g... \n-00005cb0: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n-00005cc0: 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 1f0a 4669 l /dev/sda....Fi\n-00005cd0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00005ce0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 Node: Installati\n-00005cf0: 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 6f6f 7469 on, Next: Booti\n-00005d00: 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 532d 7370 ng, Prev: OS-sp\n-00005d10: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f ecific notes abo\n-00005d20: 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 ut grub tools, \n-00005d30: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a34 2049 6e73 7461 Up: Top..4 Insta\n-00005d40: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a llation.********\n-00005d50: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 206f 7264 6572 ******..In order\n-00005d60: 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 to install GRUB\n-00005d70: 2061 7320 796f 7572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f as your boot lo\n-00005d80: 6164 6572 2c20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 ader, you need t\n-00005d90: 6f20 6669 7273 7420 696e 7374 616c 6c0a o first install.\n-00005da0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 7973 7465 6d20 the GRUB system \n-00005db0: 616e 6420 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 756e and utilities un\n-00005dc0: 6465 7220 796f 7572 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 der your UNIX-li\n-00005dd0: 6b65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 ke operating sys\n-00005de0: 7465 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 6274 6169 tem.(*note Obtai\n-00005df0: 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e ning and Buildin\n-00005e00: 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 292e 2020 596f 7520 g GRUB::). You \n-00005e10: 6361 6e20 646f 2074 6869 7320 6569 7468 can do this eith\n-00005e20: 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 736f 7572 er from the.sour\n-00005e30: 6365 2074 6172 6261 6c6c 2c20 6f72 2061 ce tarball, or a\n-00005e40: 7320 6120 7061 636b 6167 6520 666f 7220 s a package for \n-00005e50: 796f 7572 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 your OS... Aft\n-00005e60: 6572 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 646f 6e65 er you have done\n-00005e70: 2074 6861 742c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 that, you need \n-00005e80: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 to install the b\n-00005e90: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 610a oot loader on a.\n-00005ea0: 6472 6976 6520 2866 6c6f 7070 7920 6f72 drive (floppy or\n-00005eb0: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2920 6279 2075 hard disk) by u\n-00005ec0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2075 7469 6c69 7479 sing the utility\n-00005ed0: 2027 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2720 'grub-install' \n-00005ee0: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a49 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (*note.Invoking \n-00005ef0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 grub-install::) \n-00005f00: 6f6e 2061 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 204f on a UNIX-like O\n-00005f10: 532e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d65 S... GRUB come\n-00005f20: 7320 7769 7468 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 s with boot imag\n-00005f30: 6573 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 6e6f es, which are no\n-00005f40: 726d 616c 6c79 2070 7574 2069 6e20 7468 rmally put in th\n-00005f50: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 272f 7573 e directory.'/us\n-00005f60: 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f3c 6370 753e r/lib/grub/\n-00005f70: 2d3c 706c 6174 666f 726d 3e27 2028 666f -' (fo\n-00005f80: 7220 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 206d 6163 r BIOS-based mac\n-00005f90: 6869 6e65 730a 272f 7573 722f 6c69 622f hines.'/usr/lib/\n-00005fa0: 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 2729 2e20 grub/i386-pc'). \n-00005fb0: 2048 6572 6561 6674 6572 2c20 7468 6520 Hereafter, the \n-00005fc0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 6520 directory where \n-00005fd0: 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 730a 6172 6520 GRUB images.are \n-00005fe0: 696e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 706c 6163 6564 initially placed\n-00005ff0: 2028 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2027 2f75 7372 (normally '/usr\n-00006000: 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c63 7075 3e2d /lib/grub/-\n-00006010: 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3e 2729 2077 696c ') wil\n-00006020: 6c20 6265 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 l be.called the \n-00006030: 2269 6d61 6765 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 \"image directory\n-00006040: 222c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 \", and the direc\n-00006050: 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2062 tory where the b\n-00006060: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a6e 6565 6473 oot loader.needs\n-00006070: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6d20 2875 to find them (u\n-00006080: 7375 616c 6c79 2027 2f62 6f6f 7427 2920 sually '/boot') \n-00006090: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 will be called t\n-000060a0: 6865 2022 626f 6f74 0a64 6972 6563 746f he \"boot.directo\n-000060b0: 7279 222e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ry\"...* Menu:..*\n-000060c0: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 Installing GRUB\n-000060d0: 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 using grub-inst\n-000060e0: 616c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 all::.* Making a\n-000060f0: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 GRUB bootable C\n-00006100: 442d 524f 4d3a 3a0a 2a20 4465 7669 6365 D-ROM::.* Device\n-00006110: 206d 6170 3a3a 0a2a 2042 494f 5320 696e map::.* BIOS in\n-00006120: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a stallation::....\n-00006130: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00006140: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 Node: Installi\n-00006150: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 ng GRUB using gr\n-00006160: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 ub-install, Nex\n-00006170: 743a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 t: Making a GRUB\n-00006180: 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d bootable CD-ROM\n-00006190: 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 , Up: Installat\n-000061a0: 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e31 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c ion..4.1 Install\n-000061b0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 ing GRUB using g\n-000061c0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d rub-install.====\n+00005980: 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e 204f 5320 7768 6963 6820 **..On OS which \n+00005990: 6861 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e6f 6465 have device node\n+000059a0: 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2055 6e69 s similar to Uni\n+000059b0: 782d 6c69 6b65 204f 5320 4752 5542 2074 x-like OS GRUB t\n+000059c0: 6f6f 6c73 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a4f 5320 ools use the.OS \n+000059d0: 6e61 6d65 2e20 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 name. E.g. for\n+000059e0: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a0a 0a20 2020 GNU/Linux:.. \n+000059f0: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n+00005a00: 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4f6e /dev/sda.. On\n+00005a10: 2041 524f 5320 7765 2075 7365 2061 6e6f AROS we use ano\n+00005a20: 7468 6572 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 466f ther syntax. Fo\n+00005a30: 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 r volumes:.. \n+00005a40: 202f 2f3a 3c76 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 //:.. E.g... \n+00005a60: 202f 2f3a 4448 300a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 //:DH0.. For \n+00005a70: 6469 736b 7320 7765 2075 7365 2073 796e disks we use syn\n+00005a80: 7461 783a 0a20 2020 2020 2f2f 3a3c 6472 tax:. //:/unit/\n+00005aa0: 666c 6167 730a 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a flags.. E.g...\n+00005ab0: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n+00005ac0: 616c 6c20 2f2f 3a61 7461 2e64 6576 6963 all //:ata.devic\n+00005ad0: 652f 302f 300a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2057 696e e/0/0.. On Win\n+00005ae0: 646f 7773 2077 6520 7573 6520 554e 4320 dows we use UNC \n+00005af0: 7061 7468 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 6f6c 756d path. For volum\n+00005b00: 6573 2069 7427 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c es it's typicall\n+00005b10: 790a 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c 566f 6c75 y.. \\\\?\\Volu\n+00005b20: 6d65 7b3c 4755 4944 3e7d 0a20 2020 2020 me{}. \n+00005b30: 5c5c 3f5c 3c64 7269 7665 206c 6574 7465 \\\\?\\:.. E.g... \n+00005b50: 2020 205c 5c3f 5c56 6f6c 756d 657b 3137 \\\\?\\Volume{17\n+00005b60: 6633 3464 3530 2d63 6636 342d 3462 3032 f34d50-cf64-4b02\n+00005b70: 2d38 3030 652d 3531 6437 3963 3361 6132 -800e-51d79c3aa2\n+00005b80: 6666 7d0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c43 3a0a ff}. \\\\?\\C:.\n+00005b90: 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 6974 . For disks it\n+00005ba0: 2773 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 's.. \\\\?\\Phy\n+00005bb0: 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 3c6e 756d 6265 sicalDrive.. E.g... \n+00005bd0: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n+00005be0: 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 \\\\?\\PhysicalDri\n+00005bf0: 7665 300a 0a20 2020 4265 7761 7265 2074 ve0.. Beware t\n+00005c00: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 hat you may need\n+00005c10: 2074 6f20 6675 7274 6865 7220 6573 6361 to further esca\n+00005c20: 7065 2074 6865 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 pe the backslash\n+00005c30: 6573 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 0a6f 6e20 es depending.on \n+00005c40: 796f 7572 2073 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 your shell... \n+00005c50: 5768 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 7769 When compiled wi\n+00005c60: 7468 2063 7967 7769 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 th cygwin suppor\n+00005c70: 7420 7468 656e 2063 7967 7769 6e20 6472 t then cygwin dr\n+00005c80: 6976 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 650a 6175 ive names are.au\n+00005c90: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7768 656e tomatically when\n+00005ca0: 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a0a needed. E.g...\n+00005cb0: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n+00005cc0: 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 1f0a all /dev/sda....\n+00005cd0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00005ce0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 Node: Installa\n+00005cf0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 6f6f tion, Next: Boo\n+00005d00: 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 532d ting, Prev: OS-\n+00005d10: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 specific notes a\n+00005d20: 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c bout grub tools,\n+00005d30: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a34 2049 6e73 Up: Top..4 Ins\n+00005d40: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a tallation.******\n+00005d50: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 206f 7264 ********..In ord\n+00005d60: 6572 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 er to install GR\n+00005d70: 5542 2061 7320 796f 7572 2062 6f6f 7420 UB as your boot \n+00005d80: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 loader, you need\n+00005d90: 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 696e 7374 616c to first instal\n+00005da0: 6c0a 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 7973 7465 l.the GRUB syste\n+00005db0: 6d20 616e 6420 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 m and utilities \n+00005dc0: 756e 6465 7220 796f 7572 2055 4e49 582d under your UNIX-\n+00005dd0: 6c69 6b65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 like operating s\n+00005de0: 7973 7465 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 6274 ystem.(*note Obt\n+00005df0: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n+00005e00: 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 292e 2020 596f ing GRUB::). Yo\n+00005e10: 7520 6361 6e20 646f 2074 6869 7320 6569 u can do this ei\n+00005e20: 7468 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 736f ther from the.so\n+00005e30: 7572 6365 2074 6172 6261 6c6c 2c20 6f72 urce tarball, or\n+00005e40: 2061 7320 6120 7061 636b 6167 6520 666f as a package fo\n+00005e50: 7220 796f 7572 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2041 r your OS... A\n+00005e60: 6674 6572 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 646f fter you have do\n+00005e70: 6e65 2074 6861 742c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 ne that, you nee\n+00005e80: 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 d to install the\n+00005e90: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 boot loader on \n+00005ea0: 610a 6472 6976 6520 2866 6c6f 7070 7920 a.drive (floppy \n+00005eb0: 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2920 6279 or hard disk) by\n+00005ec0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2075 7469 6c69 using the utili\n+00005ed0: 7479 2027 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ty 'grub-install\n+00005ee0: 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 0a49 6e76 6f6b 696e ' (*note.Invokin\n+00005ef0: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a g grub-install::\n+00005f00: 2920 6f6e 2061 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 ) on a UNIX-like\n+00005f10: 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 636f OS... GRUB co\n+00005f20: 6d65 7320 7769 7468 2062 6f6f 7420 696d mes with boot im\n+00005f30: 6167 6573 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 ages, which are \n+00005f40: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2070 7574 2069 6e20 normally put in \n+00005f50: 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 272f the directory.'/\n+00005f60: 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f3c 6370 usr/lib/grub/-' (\n+00005f80: 666f 7220 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 206d for BIOS-based m\n+00005f90: 6163 6869 6e65 730a 272f 7573 722f 6c69 achines.'/usr/li\n+00005fa0: 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 2729 b/grub/i386-pc')\n+00005fb0: 2e20 2048 6572 6561 6674 6572 2c20 7468 . Hereafter, th\n+00005fc0: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 e directory wher\n+00005fd0: 6520 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 730a 6172 e GRUB images.ar\n+00005fe0: 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 706c 6163 e initially plac\n+00005ff0: 6564 2028 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2027 2f75 ed (normally '/u\n+00006000: 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c63 7075 sr/lib/grub/-') w\n+00006020: 696c 6c20 6265 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 ill be.called th\n+00006030: 6520 2269 6d61 6765 2064 6972 6563 746f e \"image directo\n+00006040: 7279 222c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2064 6972 ry\", and the dir\n+00006050: 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 ectory where the\n+00006060: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a6e 6565 boot loader.nee\n+00006070: 6473 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6d20 ds to find them \n+00006080: 2875 7375 616c 6c79 2027 2f62 6f6f 7427 (usually '/boot'\n+00006090: 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 ) will be called\n+000060a0: 2074 6865 2022 626f 6f74 0a64 6972 6563 the \"boot.direc\n+000060b0: 746f 7279 222e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a tory\"...* Menu:.\n+000060c0: 0a2a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 .* Installing GR\n+000060d0: 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e UB using grub-in\n+000060e0: 7374 616c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 stall::.* Making\n+000060f0: 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 a GRUB bootable\n+00006100: 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a0a 2a20 4465 7669 CD-ROM::.* Devi\n+00006110: 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 0a2a 2042 494f 5320 ce map::.* BIOS \n+00006120: 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 0a0a installation::..\n+00006130: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00006140: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c o, Node: Instal\n+00006150: 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 ling GRUB using \n+00006160: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e grub-install, N\n+00006170: 6578 743a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 ext: Making a GR\n+00006180: 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 UB bootable CD-R\n+00006190: 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c OM, Up: Install\n+000061a0: 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e31 2049 6e73 7461 ation..4.1 Insta\n+000061b0: 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 lling GRUB using\n+000061c0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d grub-install.==\n 000061d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000061e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000061f0: 3d3d 0a0a 466f 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 ==..For informat\n-00006200: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 ion on where GRU\n-00006210: 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 696e 7374 B should be inst\n-00006220: 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 alled on PC BIOS\n-00006230: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 platforms,.*not\n-00006240: 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 e BIOS installat\n-00006250: 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 ion::... In or\n-00006260: 6465 7220 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 der to install G\n-00006270: 5255 4220 756e 6465 7220 6120 554e 4958 RUB under a UNIX\n-00006280: 2d6c 696b 6520 4f53 2028 7375 6368 2061 -like OS (such a\n-00006290: 7320 474e 5529 2c20 696e 766f 6b65 0a74 s GNU), invoke.t\n-000062a0: 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 2027 6772 7562 he program 'grub\n-000062b0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 -install' (*note\n-000062c0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 Invoking grub-i\n-000062d0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6173 2074 6865 nstall::) as the\n-000062e0: 0a73 7570 6572 7573 6572 2028 2272 6f6f .superuser (\"roo\n-000062f0: 7422 292e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2075 7361 t\")... The usa\n-00006300: 6765 2069 7320 6261 7369 6361 6c6c 7920 ge is basically \n-00006310: 7665 7279 2073 696d 706c 652e 2020 596f very simple. Yo\n-00006320: 7520 6f6e 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 u only need to s\n-00006330: 7065 6369 6679 206f 6e65 0a61 7267 756d pecify one.argum\n-00006340: 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 ent to the progr\n-00006350: 616d 2c20 6e61 6d65 6c79 2c20 7768 6572 am, namely, wher\n-00006360: 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 e to install the\n-00006370: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 boot loader. T\n-00006380: 6865 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 6861 7320 he.argument has \n-00006390: 746f 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 2064 to be either a d\n-000063a0: 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2028 6c69 6b65 evice file (like\n-000063b0: 2027 2f64 6576 2f68 6461 2729 2e20 2046 '/dev/hda'). F\n-000063c0: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 756e 6465 or example,.unde\n-000063d0: 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 7468 6520 666f 6c6c r Linux the foll\n-000063e0: 6f77 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2069 6e73 7461 owing will insta\n-000063f0: 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f 2074 6865 ll GRUB into the\n-00006400: 204d 4252 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 MBR of the firs\n-00006410: 740a 4944 4520 6469 736b 3a0a 0a20 2020 t.IDE disk:.. \n-00006420: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n-00006430: 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4c69 /dev/sda.. Li\n-00006440: 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 756e 6465 7220 474e kewise, under GN\n-00006450: 552f 4875 7264 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6173 U/Hurd, this has\n-00006460: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6566 6665 6374 the same effect\n-00006470: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 :.. # grub-i\n-00006480: 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 6864 300a nstall /dev/hd0.\n-00006490: 0a20 2020 4275 7420 616c 6c20 7468 6520 . But all the \n-000064a0: 6162 6f76 6520 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 above examples a\n-000064b0: 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 ssume that GRUB \n-000064c0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 7574 2069 6d61 6765 should put image\n-000064d0: 7320 756e 6465 720a 7468 6520 272f 626f s under.the '/bo\n-000064e0: 6f74 2720 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 2020 ot' directory. \n-000064f0: 4966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 4752 5542 If you want GRUB\n-00006500: 2074 6f20 7075 7420 696d 6167 6573 2075 to put images u\n-00006510: 6e64 6572 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 nder a directory\n-00006520: 0a6f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 272f 626f .other than '/bo\n-00006530: 6f74 272c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f ot', you need to\n-00006540: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 specify the opt\n-00006550: 696f 6e20 272d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 ion '--boot-dire\n-00006560: 6374 6f72 7927 2e0a 5468 6520 7479 7069 ctory'..The typi\n-00006570: 6361 6c20 7573 6167 6520 6973 2074 6861 cal usage is tha\n-00006580: 7420 796f 7520 6372 6561 7465 2061 2047 t you create a G\n-00006590: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 RUB boot floppy \n-000065a0: 7769 7468 2061 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 with a.filesyste\n-000065b0: 6d2e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 m. Here is an e\n-000065c0: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 xample:.. # \n-000065d0: 6d6b 6532 6673 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a mke2fs /dev/fd0.\n-000065e0: 2020 2020 2023 206d 6f75 6e74 202d 7420 # mount -t \n-000065f0: 6578 7432 202f 6465 762f 6664 3020 2f6d ext2 /dev/fd0 /m\n-00006600: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6469 7220 nt. # mkdir \n-00006610: 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2023 /mnt/boot. #\n-00006620: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d grub-install --\n-00006630: 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f boot-directory=/\n-00006640: 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f 6664 mnt/boot /dev/fd\n-00006650: 300a 2020 2020 2023 2075 6d6f 756e 7420 0. # umount \n-00006660: 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 /mnt.. Some BI\n-00006670: 4f53 6573 2068 6176 6520 6120 6275 6720 OSes have a bug \n-00006680: 6f66 2065 7870 6f73 696e 6720 7468 6520 of exposing the \n-00006690: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 first partition \n-000066a0: 6f66 2061 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 0a61 of a USB drive.a\n-000066b0: 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2069 6e73 7465 s a floppy inste\n-000066c0: 6164 206f 6620 6578 706f 7369 6e67 2074 ad of exposing t\n-000066d0: 6865 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 2061 7320 he USB drive as \n-000066e0: 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 2874 6865 a hard disk (the\n-000066f0: 7920 6361 6c6c 0a69 7420 2255 5342 2d46 y call.it \"USB-F\n-00006700: 4444 2220 626f 6f74 292e 2020 496e 2073 DD\" boot). In s\n-00006710: 7563 6820 6361 7365 732c 2079 6f75 206e uch cases, you n\n-00006720: 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206c eed to install l\n-00006730: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike this:.. \n-00006740: 2320 6c6f 7365 7475 7020 2f64 6576 2f6c # losetup /dev/l\n-00006750: 6f6f 7030 202f 6465 762f 7364 6231 0a20 oop0 /dev/sdb1. \n-00006760: 2020 2020 2320 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 # mount /dev\n-00006770: 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6d6e 742f 7573 620a /loop0 /mnt/usb.\n-00006780: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n-00006790: 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 all --boot-direc\n-000067a0: 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 7573 622f 6275 tory=/mnt/usb/bu\n-000067b0: 6762 696f 7320 2d2d 666f 7263 6520 2d2d gbios --force --\n-000067c0: 616c 6c6f 772d 666c 6f70 7079 202f 6465 allow-floppy /de\n-000067d0: 762f 6c6f 6f70 300a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 v/loop0.. This\n-000067e0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2064 6f65 736e 2774 install doesn't\n-000067f0: 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 7769 7468 2073 conflict with s\n-00006800: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 tandard install \n-00006810: 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 790a as long as they.\n-00006820: 6172 6520 696e 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 are in separate \n-00006830: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 directories... \n-00006840: 204f 6e20 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d 7320 On EFI systems \n-00006850: 666f 7220 6669 7865 6420 6469 736b 2069 for fixed disk i\n-00006860: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 nstall you have \n-00006870: 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2045 4649 2053 7973 to mount EFI Sys\n-00006880: 7465 6d0a 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 tem.Partition. \n-00006890: 4966 2079 6f75 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7420 If you mount it \n-000068a0: 6174 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6566 6927 2074 at '/boot/efi' t\n-000068b0: 6865 6e20 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 hen you don't ne\n-000068c0: 6564 2061 6e79 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2061 ed any.special a\n-000068d0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 rguments:.. \n-000068e0: 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a # grub-install..\n-000068f0: 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2079 6f75 Otherwise you\n-00006900: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 need to specify\n-00006910: 2077 6865 7265 2079 6f75 7220 4546 4920 where your EFI \n-00006920: 5379 7374 656d 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e System partition\n-00006930: 2069 730a 6d6f 756e 7465 643a 0a0a 2020 is.mounted:.. \n-00006940: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n-00006950: 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 l --efi-director\n-00006960: 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f65 6669 0a0a 2020 2046 y=/mnt/efi.. F\n-00006970: 6f72 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 or removable ins\n-00006980: 7461 6c6c 7320 796f 7520 6861 7665 2074 talls you have t\n-00006990: 6f20 7573 6520 272d 2d72 656d 6f76 6162 o use '--removab\n-000069a0: 6c65 2720 616e 6420 7370 6563 6966 7920 le' and specify \n-000069b0: 626f 7468 0a27 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 both.'--boot-dir\n-000069c0: 6563 746f 7279 2720 616e 6420 272d 2d65 ectory' and '--e\n-000069d0: 6669 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 273a 0a0a fi-directory':..\n-000069e0: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n-000069f0: 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 all --efi-direct\n-00006a00: 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 202d 2d62 ory=/mnt/usb --b\n-00006a10: 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d oot-directory=/m\n-00006a20: 6e74 2f75 7362 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d2d 7265 nt/usb/boot --re\n-00006a30: 6d6f 7661 626c 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a movable....File:\n-00006a40: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00006a50: 653a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 e: Making a GRUB\n-00006a60: 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d bootable CD-ROM\n-00006a70: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 6576 6963 6520 , Next: Device \n-00006a80: 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7374 map, Prev: Inst\n-00006a90: 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e alling GRUB usin\n-00006aa0: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 g grub-install, \n-00006ab0: 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f Up: Installatio\n-00006ac0: 6e0a 0a34 2e32 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 n..4.2 Making a \n-00006ad0: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n-00006ae0: 2d52 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d -ROM.===========\n+000061f0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 466f 7220 696e 666f 726d ====..For inform\n+00006200: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2047 ation on where G\n+00006210: 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 696e RUB should be in\n+00006220: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 stalled on PC BI\n+00006230: 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c0a 2a6e OS platforms,.*n\n+00006240: 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ote BIOS install\n+00006250: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 ation::... In \n+00006260: 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c order to install\n+00006270: 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 7220 6120 554e GRUB under a UN\n+00006280: 4958 2d6c 696b 6520 4f53 2028 7375 6368 IX-like OS (such\n+00006290: 2061 7320 474e 5529 2c20 696e 766f 6b65 as GNU), invoke\n+000062a0: 0a74 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 2027 6772 .the program 'gr\n+000062b0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2720 282a 6e6f ub-install' (*no\n+000062c0: 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 te Invoking grub\n+000062d0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6173 2074 -install::) as t\n+000062e0: 6865 0a73 7570 6572 7573 6572 2028 2272 he.superuser (\"r\n+000062f0: 6f6f 7422 292e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2075 oot\")... The u\n+00006300: 7361 6765 2069 7320 6261 7369 6361 6c6c sage is basicall\n+00006310: 7920 7665 7279 2073 696d 706c 652e 2020 y very simple. \n+00006320: 596f 7520 6f6e 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f You only need to\n+00006330: 2073 7065 6369 6679 206f 6e65 0a61 7267 specify one.arg\n+00006340: 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f ument to the pro\n+00006350: 6772 616d 2c20 6e61 6d65 6c79 2c20 7768 gram, namely, wh\n+00006360: 6572 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 ere to install t\n+00006370: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 he boot loader. \n+00006380: 2054 6865 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 6861 The.argument ha\n+00006390: 7320 746f 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 s to be either a\n+000063a0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2028 6c69 device file (li\n+000063b0: 6b65 2027 2f64 6576 2f68 6461 2729 2e20 ke '/dev/hda'). \n+000063c0: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 756e For example,.un\n+000063d0: 6465 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 7468 6520 666f der Linux the fo\n+000063e0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2069 6e73 llowing will ins\n+000063f0: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f 2074 tall GRUB into t\n+00006400: 6865 204d 4252 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 he MBR of the fi\n+00006410: 7273 740a 4944 4520 6469 736b 3a0a 0a20 rst.IDE disk:.. \n+00006420: 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 # grub-insta\n+00006430: 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 ll /dev/sda.. \n+00006440: 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 756e 6465 7220 Likewise, under \n+00006450: 474e 552f 4875 7264 2c20 7468 6973 2068 GNU/Hurd, this h\n+00006460: 6173 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6566 6665 as the same effe\n+00006470: 6374 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 ct:.. # grub\n+00006480: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 6864 -install /dev/hd\n+00006490: 300a 0a20 2020 4275 7420 616c 6c20 7468 0.. But all th\n+000064a0: 6520 6162 6f76 6520 6578 616d 706c 6573 e above examples\n+000064b0: 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 assume that GRU\n+000064c0: 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 7574 2069 6d61 B should put ima\n+000064d0: 6765 7320 756e 6465 720a 7468 6520 272f ges under.the '/\n+000064e0: 626f 6f74 2720 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e boot' directory.\n+000064f0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 4752 If you want GR\n+00006500: 5542 2074 6f20 7075 7420 696d 6167 6573 UB to put images\n+00006510: 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f under a directo\n+00006520: 7279 0a6f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 272f ry.other than '/\n+00006530: 626f 6f74 272c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 boot', you need \n+00006540: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f to specify the o\n+00006550: 7074 696f 6e20 272d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 ption '--boot-di\n+00006560: 7265 6374 6f72 7927 2e0a 5468 6520 7479 rectory'..The ty\n+00006570: 7069 6361 6c20 7573 6167 6520 6973 2074 pical usage is t\n+00006580: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6372 6561 7465 2061 hat you create a\n+00006590: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 2066 6c6f 7070 GRUB boot flopp\n+000065a0: 7920 7769 7468 2061 0a66 696c 6573 7973 y with a.filesys\n+000065b0: 7465 6d2e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e tem. Here is an\n+000065c0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 example:.. \n+000065d0: 2320 6d6b 6532 6673 202f 6465 762f 6664 # mke2fs /dev/fd\n+000065e0: 300a 2020 2020 2023 206d 6f75 6e74 202d 0. # mount -\n+000065f0: 7420 6578 7432 202f 6465 762f 6664 3020 t ext2 /dev/fd0 \n+00006600: 2f6d 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6469 /mnt. # mkdi\n+00006610: 7220 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 r /mnt/boot. \n+00006620: 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 # grub-install \n+00006630: 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 --boot-directory\n+00006640: 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f =/mnt/boot /dev/\n+00006650: 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 2075 6d6f 756e fd0. # umoun\n+00006660: 7420 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 t /mnt.. Some \n+00006670: 4249 4f53 6573 2068 6176 6520 6120 6275 BIOSes have a bu\n+00006680: 6720 6f66 2065 7870 6f73 696e 6720 7468 g of exposing th\n+00006690: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f e first partitio\n+000066a0: 6e20 6f66 2061 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 n of a USB drive\n+000066b0: 0a61 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2069 6e73 .as a floppy ins\n+000066c0: 7465 6164 206f 6620 6578 706f 7369 6e67 tead of exposing\n+000066d0: 2074 6865 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 2061 the USB drive a\n+000066e0: 7320 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 2874 s a hard disk (t\n+000066f0: 6865 7920 6361 6c6c 0a69 7420 2255 5342 hey call.it \"USB\n+00006700: 2d46 4444 2220 626f 6f74 292e 2020 496e -FDD\" boot). In\n+00006710: 2073 7563 6820 6361 7365 732c 2079 6f75 such cases, you\n+00006720: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c need to install\n+00006730: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 like this:.. \n+00006740: 2020 2320 6c6f 7365 7475 7020 2f64 6576 # losetup /dev\n+00006750: 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6465 762f 7364 6231 /loop0 /dev/sdb1\n+00006760: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 . # mount /d\n+00006770: 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6d6e 742f 7573 ev/loop0 /mnt/us\n+00006780: 620a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e b. # grub-in\n+00006790: 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 stall --boot-dir\n+000067a0: 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 7573 622f ectory=/mnt/usb/\n+000067b0: 6275 6762 696f 7320 2d2d 666f 7263 6520 bugbios --force \n+000067c0: 2d2d 616c 6c6f 772d 666c 6f70 7079 202f --allow-floppy /\n+000067d0: 6465 762f 6c6f 6f70 300a 0a20 2020 5468 dev/loop0.. Th\n+000067e0: 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2064 6f65 736e is install doesn\n+000067f0: 2774 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 7769 7468 't conflict with\n+00006800: 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7374 616c standard instal\n+00006810: 6c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 l as long as the\n+00006820: 790a 6172 6520 696e 2073 6570 6172 6174 y.are in separat\n+00006830: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 732e 0a0a e directories...\n+00006840: 2020 204f 6e20 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d On EFI system\n+00006850: 7320 666f 7220 6669 7865 6420 6469 736b s for fixed disk\n+00006860: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2079 6f75 2068 6176 install you hav\n+00006870: 6520 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2045 4649 2053 e to mount EFI S\n+00006880: 7973 7465 6d0a 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e ystem.Partition.\n+00006890: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 If you mount i\n+000068a0: 7420 6174 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6566 6927 t at '/boot/efi'\n+000068b0: 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 then you don't \n+000068c0: 6e65 6564 2061 6e79 0a73 7065 6369 616c need any.special\n+000068d0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 3a0a 0a20 2020 arguments:.. \n+000068e0: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n+000068f0: 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2079 .. Otherwise y\n+00006900: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 ou need to speci\n+00006910: 6679 2077 6865 7265 2079 6f75 7220 4546 fy where your EF\n+00006920: 4920 5379 7374 656d 2070 6172 7469 7469 I System partiti\n+00006930: 6f6e 2069 730a 6d6f 756e 7465 643a 0a0a on is.mounted:..\n+00006940: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n+00006950: 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 all --efi-direct\n+00006960: 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f65 6669 0a0a 2020 ory=/mnt/efi.. \n+00006970: 2046 6f72 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2069 For removable i\n+00006980: 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 796f 7520 6861 7665 nstalls you have\n+00006990: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 272d 2d72 656d 6f76 to use '--remov\n+000069a0: 6162 6c65 2720 616e 6420 7370 6563 6966 able' and specif\n+000069b0: 7920 626f 7468 0a27 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 y both.'--boot-d\n+000069c0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2720 616e 6420 272d irectory' and '-\n+000069d0: 2d65 6669 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 273a -efi-directory':\n+000069e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e .. # grub-in\n+000069f0: 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 stall --efi-dire\n+00006a00: 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 202d ctory=/mnt/usb -\n+00006a10: 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d -boot-directory=\n+00006a20: 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d2d /mnt/usb/boot --\n+00006a30: 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c removable....Fil\n+00006a40: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00006a50: 6f64 653a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 ode: Making a GR\n+00006a60: 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 UB bootable CD-R\n+00006a70: 4f4d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 6576 6963 OM, Next: Devic\n+00006a80: 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e e map, Prev: In\n+00006a90: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 stalling GRUB us\n+00006aa0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n+00006ab0: 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 , Up: Installat\n+00006ac0: 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e32 204d 616b 696e 6720 ion..4.2 Making \n+00006ad0: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n+00006ae0: 4344 2d52 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d CD-ROM.=========\n 00006af0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006b00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 ======..GRUB sup\n-00006b10: 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 226e 6f20 656d ports the \"no em\n-00006b20: 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2220 696e ulation mode\" in\n-00006b30: 2074 6865 2045 6c20 546f 7269 746f 2073 the El Torito s\n-00006b40: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2831 290a pecification(1).\n-00006b50: 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 (*note Making a \n-00006b60: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n-00006b70: 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a -ROM-Footnote-1:\n-00006b80: 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 :). This means \n-00006b90: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 0a63 616e 2075 7365 that you.can use\n-00006ba0: 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2043 442d 524f the whole CD-RO\n-00006bb0: 4d20 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 M from GRUB and \n-00006bc0: 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6861 7665 2074 you don't have t\n-00006bd0: 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2066 6c6f 7070 790a o make a floppy.\n-00006be0: 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2069 6d61 or hard disk ima\n-00006bf0: 6765 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2063 ge file, which c\n-00006c00: 616e 2063 6175 7365 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 an cause compati\n-00006c10: 6269 6c69 7479 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e bility problems.\n-00006c20: 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 .. For booting\n-00006c30: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 from a CD-ROM, \n-00006c40: 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 GRUB uses a spec\n-00006c50: 6961 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 ial image called\n-00006c60: 0a27 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 272c 2077 .'cdboot.img', w\n-00006c70: 6869 6368 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6174 656e hich is concaten\n-00006c80: 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 2763 6f72 652e ated with 'core.\n-00006c90: 696d 6727 2e20 2054 6865 2027 636f 7265 img'. The 'core\n-00006ca0: 2e69 6d67 270a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 .img'.used for t\n-00006cb0: 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6275 his should be bu\n-00006cc0: 696c 7420 7769 7468 2061 7420 6c65 6173 ilt with at leas\n-00006cd0: 7420 7468 6520 2769 736f 3936 3630 2720 t the 'iso9660' \n-00006ce0: 616e 6420 2762 696f 7364 6973 6b27 0a6d and 'biosdisk'.m\n-00006cf0: 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 7220 626f odules. Your bo\n-00006d00: 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 7769 otable CD-ROM wi\n-00006d10: 6c6c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 ll usually also \n-00006d20: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 need to include \n-00006d30: 610a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 a.configuration \n-00006d40: 6669 6c65 2027 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 file 'grub.cfg' \n-00006d50: 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2047 and some other G\n-00006d60: 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 RUB modules... \n-00006d70: 2054 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 696d 706c To make a simpl\n-00006d80: 6520 6765 6e65 7269 6320 4752 5542 2072 e generic GRUB r\n-00006d90: 6573 6375 6520 4344 2c20 796f 7520 6361 escue CD, you ca\n-00006da0: 6e20 7573 6520 7468 650a 2767 7275 622d n use the.'grub-\n-00006db0: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2720 7072 6f67 7261 mkrescue' progra\n-00006dc0: 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e m (*note Invokin\n-00006dd0: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a g grub-mkrescue:\n-00006de0: 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 7562 :):.. $ grub\n-00006df0: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 -mkrescue -o gru\n-00006e00: 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 596f 7520 7769 b.iso.. You wi\n-00006e10: 6c6c 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 746f ll often need to\n-00006e20: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206f 7468 6572 2066 include other f\n-00006e30: 696c 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2069 6d61 iles in your ima\n-00006e40: 6765 2e20 2054 6f20 646f 0a74 6869 732c ge. To do.this,\n-00006e50: 2066 6972 7374 206d 616b 6520 6120 746f first make a to\n-00006e60: 7020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 666f 7220 p directory for \n-00006e70: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2069 6d61 the bootable ima\n-00006e80: 6765 2c20 7361 792c 2027 6973 6f27 3a0a ge, say, 'iso':.\n-00006e90: 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6d6b 6469 7220 6973 . $ mkdir is\n-00006ea0: 6f0a 0a20 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2064 6972 o.. Make a dir\n-00006eb0: 6563 746f 7279 2066 6f72 2047 5255 423a ectory for GRUB:\n-00006ec0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 206d 6b64 6972 202d .. $ mkdir -\n-00006ed0: 7020 6973 6f2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a p iso/boot/grub.\n-00006ee0: 0a20 2020 4966 2064 6573 6972 6564 2c20 . If desired, \n-00006ef0: 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 make the config \n-00006f00: 6669 6c65 2027 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 file 'grub.cfg' \n-00006f10: 756e 6465 7220 2769 736f 2f62 6f6f 742f under 'iso/boot/\n-00006f20: 6772 7562 270a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e grub'.(*note Con\n-00006f30: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 figuration::), a\n-00006f40: 6e64 2063 6f70 7920 616e 7920 6669 6c65 nd copy any file\n-00006f50: 7320 616e 6420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 s and directorie\n-00006f60: 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 6469 7363 0a74 s for the disc.t\n-00006f70: 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 o the directory \n-00006f80: 2769 736f 2f27 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 6e61 'iso/'... Fina\n-00006f90: 6c6c 792c 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 696d lly, make the im\n-00006fa0: 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 7275 age:.. $ gru\n-00006fb0: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 b-mkrescue -o gr\n-00006fc0: 7562 2e69 736f 2069 736f 0a0a 2020 2054 ub.iso iso.. T\n-00006fd0: 6869 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6573 2061 2066 his produces a f\n-00006fe0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 2767 7275 622e ile named 'grub.\n-00006ff0: 6973 6f27 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7468 656e iso', which then\n-00007000: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6275 726e 6564 2069 can be burned i\n-00007010: 6e74 6f0a 6120 4344 2028 6f72 2061 2044 nto.a CD (or a D\n-00007020: 5644 292c 206f 7220 7772 6974 7465 6e20 VD), or written \n-00007030: 746f 2061 2055 5342 206d 6173 7320 7374 to a USB mass st\n-00007040: 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 orage device... \n-00007050: 2020 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 The root devic\n-00007060: 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 7570 e will be set up\n-00007070: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 6c79 206f appropriately o\n-00007080: 6e20 656e 7465 7269 6e67 2079 6f75 720a n entering your.\n-00007090: 2767 7275 622e 6366 6727 2063 6f6e 6669 'grub.cfg' confi\n-000070a0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2073 guration file, s\n-000070b0: 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7265 6665 7220 o you can refer \n-000070c0: 746f 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6f6e to file names on\n-000070d0: 2074 6865 2043 440a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 the CD.without \n-000070e0: 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f 2075 7365 2061 needing to use a\n-000070f0: 6e20 6578 706c 6963 6974 2064 6576 6963 n explicit devic\n-00007100: 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 e name. This ma\n-00007110: 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f kes it easier to\n-00007120: 0a70 726f 6475 6365 2072 6573 6375 6520 .produce rescue \n-00007130: 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c images that will\n-00007140: 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2062 6f74 6820 6f70 work on both op\n-00007150: 7469 6361 6c20 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 tical drives and\n-00007160: 2055 5342 206d 6173 730a 7374 6f72 6167 USB mass.storag\n-00007170: 6520 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 e devices.....Fi\n-00007180: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00007190: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 Node: Making a G\n-000071a0: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d RUB bootable CD-\n-000071b0: 524f 4d2d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 ROM-Footnotes, \n-000071c0: 5570 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 Up: Making a GRU\n-000071d0: 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f B bootable CD-RO\n-000071e0: 4d0a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 456c 2054 6f72 M.. (1) El Tor\n-000071f0: 6974 6f20 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 ito is a specifi\n-00007200: 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f 7461 cation for boota\n-00007210: 626c 6520 4344 2075 7369 6e67 2042 494f ble CD using BIO\n-00007220: 530a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 1f0a S.functions.....\n-00007230: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00007240: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 6365 206d Node: Device m\n-00007250: 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 494f 5320 ap, Next: BIOS \n-00007260: 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 installation, P\n-00007270: 7265 763a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 rev: Making a GR\n-00007280: 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 UB bootable CD-R\n-00007290: 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c OM, Up: Install\n-000072a0: 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e33 2054 6865 206d ation..4.3 The m\n-000072b0: 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f 5320 ap between BIOS \n-000072c0: 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 6465 drives and OS de\n-000072d0: 7669 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d vices.==========\n+00006b00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 ========..GRUB s\n+00006b10: 7570 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 226e 6f20 upports the \"no \n+00006b20: 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2220 emulation mode\" \n+00006b30: 696e 2074 6865 2045 6c20 546f 7269 746f in the El Torito\n+00006b40: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2831 specification(1\n+00006b50: 290a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 ).(*note Making \n+00006b60: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n+00006b70: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d CD-ROM-Footnote-\n+00006b80: 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 1::). This mean\n+00006b90: 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 0a63 616e 2075 s that you.can u\n+00006ba0: 7365 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2043 442d se the whole CD-\n+00006bb0: 524f 4d20 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 616e ROM from GRUB an\n+00006bc0: 6420 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6861 7665 d you don't have\n+00006bd0: 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2066 6c6f 7070 to make a flopp\n+00006be0: 790a 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2069 y.or hard disk i\n+00006bf0: 6d61 6765 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 mage file, which\n+00006c00: 2063 616e 2063 6175 7365 2063 6f6d 7061 can cause compa\n+00006c10: 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2070 726f 626c 656d tibility problem\n+00006c20: 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 s... For booti\n+00006c30: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d ng from a CD-ROM\n+00006c40: 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 7370 , GRUB uses a sp\n+00006c50: 6563 6961 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6361 6c6c ecial image call\n+00006c60: 6564 0a27 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 272c ed.'cdboot.img',\n+00006c70: 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6174 which is concat\n+00006c80: 656e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 2763 6f72 enated with 'cor\n+00006c90: 652e 696d 6727 2e20 2054 6865 2027 636f e.img'. The 'co\n+00006ca0: 7265 2e69 6d67 270a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 re.img'.used for\n+00006cb0: 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 this should be \n+00006cc0: 6275 696c 7420 7769 7468 2061 7420 6c65 built with at le\n+00006cd0: 6173 7420 7468 6520 2769 736f 3936 3630 ast the 'iso9660\n+00006ce0: 2720 616e 6420 2762 696f 7364 6973 6b27 ' and 'biosdisk'\n+00006cf0: 0a6d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 7220 .modules. Your \n+00006d00: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 bootable CD-ROM \n+00006d10: 7769 6c6c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 will usually als\n+00006d20: 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 o need to includ\n+00006d30: 6520 610a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f e a.configuratio\n+00006d40: 6e20 6669 6c65 2027 6772 7562 2e63 6667 n file 'grub.cfg\n+00006d50: 2720 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 ' and some other\n+00006d60: 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a GRUB modules...\n+00006d70: 2020 2054 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 696d To make a sim\n+00006d80: 706c 6520 6765 6e65 7269 6320 4752 5542 ple generic GRUB\n+00006d90: 2072 6573 6375 6520 4344 2c20 796f 7520 rescue CD, you \n+00006da0: 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 650a 2767 7275 can use the.'gru\n+00006db0: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2720 7072 6f67 b-mkrescue' prog\n+00006dc0: 7261 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ram (*note Invok\n+00006dd0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ing grub-mkrescu\n+00006de0: 653a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 e::):.. $ gr\n+00006df0: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 ub-mkrescue -o g\n+00006e00: 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 596f 7520 rub.iso.. You \n+00006e10: 7769 6c6c 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 will often need \n+00006e20: 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206f 7468 6572 to include other\n+00006e30: 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2069 files in your i\n+00006e40: 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6f20 646f 0a74 6869 mage. To do.thi\n+00006e50: 732c 2066 6972 7374 206d 616b 6520 6120 s, first make a \n+00006e60: 746f 7020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 666f top directory fo\n+00006e70: 7220 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2069 r the bootable i\n+00006e80: 6d61 6765 2c20 7361 792c 2027 6973 6f27 mage, say, 'iso'\n+00006e90: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6d6b 6469 7220 :.. $ mkdir \n+00006ea0: 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2064 iso.. Make a d\n+00006eb0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2066 6f72 2047 5255 irectory for GRU\n+00006ec0: 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 206d 6b64 6972 B:.. $ mkdir\n+00006ed0: 202d 7020 6973 6f2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 -p iso/boot/gru\n+00006ee0: 620a 0a20 2020 4966 2064 6573 6972 6564 b.. If desired\n+00006ef0: 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 , make the confi\n+00006f00: 6720 6669 6c65 2027 6772 7562 2e63 6667 g file 'grub.cfg\n+00006f10: 2720 756e 6465 7220 2769 736f 2f62 6f6f ' under 'iso/boo\n+00006f20: 742f 6772 7562 270a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 t/grub'.(*note C\n+00006f30: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c onfiguration::),\n+00006f40: 2061 6e64 2063 6f70 7920 616e 7920 6669 and copy any fi\n+00006f50: 6c65 7320 616e 6420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 les and director\n+00006f60: 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 6469 7363 ies for the disc\n+00006f70: 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 .to the director\n+00006f80: 7920 2769 736f 2f27 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 y 'iso/'... Fi\n+00006f90: 6e61 6c6c 792c 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 nally, make the \n+00006fa0: 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 image:.. $ g\n+00006fb0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 rub-mkrescue -o \n+00006fc0: 6772 7562 2e69 736f 2069 736f 0a0a 2020 grub.iso iso.. \n+00006fd0: 2054 6869 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6573 2061 This produces a\n+00006fe0: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 2767 7275 file named 'gru\n+00006ff0: 622e 6973 6f27 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7468 b.iso', which th\n+00007000: 656e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6275 726e 6564 en can be burned\n+00007010: 2069 6e74 6f0a 6120 4344 2028 6f72 2061 into.a CD (or a\n+00007020: 2044 5644 292c 206f 7220 7772 6974 7465 DVD), or writte\n+00007030: 6e20 746f 2061 2055 5342 206d 6173 7320 n to a USB mass \n+00007040: 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e0a storage device..\n+00007050: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 . The root dev\n+00007060: 6963 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 ice will be set \n+00007070: 7570 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 6c79 up appropriately\n+00007080: 206f 6e20 656e 7465 7269 6e67 2079 6f75 on entering you\n+00007090: 720a 2767 7275 622e 6366 6727 2063 6f6e r.'grub.cfg' con\n+000070a0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c figuration file,\n+000070b0: 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7265 6665 so you can refe\n+000070c0: 7220 746f 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 r to file names \n+000070d0: 6f6e 2074 6865 2043 440a 7769 7468 6f75 on the CD.withou\n+000070e0: 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f 2075 7365 t needing to use\n+000070f0: 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 6974 2064 6576 an explicit dev\n+00007100: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ice name. This \n+00007110: 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 6965 7220 makes it easier \n+00007120: 746f 0a70 726f 6475 6365 2072 6573 6375 to.produce rescu\n+00007130: 6520 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 7769 e images that wi\n+00007140: 6c6c 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2062 6f74 6820 ll work on both \n+00007150: 6f70 7469 6361 6c20 6472 6976 6573 2061 optical drives a\n+00007160: 6e64 2055 5342 206d 6173 730a 7374 6f72 nd USB mass.stor\n+00007170: 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a0a 1f0a age devices.....\n+00007180: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00007190: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 Node: Making a\n+000071a0: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 GRUB bootable C\n+000071b0: 442d 524f 4d2d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c D-ROM-Footnotes,\n+000071c0: 2020 5570 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 Up: Making a G\n+000071d0: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d RUB bootable CD-\n+000071e0: 524f 4d0a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 456c 2054 ROM.. (1) El T\n+000071f0: 6f72 6974 6f20 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 orito is a speci\n+00007200: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f fication for boo\n+00007210: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2075 7369 6e67 2042 table CD using B\n+00007220: 494f 530a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a IOS.functions...\n+00007230: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00007240: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 6365 o, Node: Device\n+00007250: 206d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 494f map, Next: BIO\n+00007260: 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 S installation, \n+00007270: 2050 7265 763a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 Prev: Making a \n+00007280: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n+00007290: 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 -ROM, Up: Insta\n+000072a0: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e33 2054 6865 llation..4.3 The\n+000072b0: 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f map between BIO\n+000072c0: 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 S drives and OS \n+000072d0: 6465 7669 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d devices.========\n 000072e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000072f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00007300: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2064 6576 ====..If the dev\n-00007310: 6963 6520 6d61 7020 6669 6c65 2065 7869 ice map file exi\n-00007320: 7374 732c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 sts, the GRUB ut\n-00007330: 696c 6974 6965 7320 2827 6772 7562 2d70 ilities ('grub-p\n-00007340: 726f 6265 272c 2065 7463 2e29 0a72 6561 robe', etc.).rea\n-00007350: 6420 6974 2074 6f20 6d61 7020 4249 4f53 d it to map BIOS\n-00007360: 2064 7269 7665 7320 746f 204f 5320 6465 drives to OS de\n-00007370: 7669 6365 732e 2020 5468 6973 2066 696c vices. This fil\n-00007380: 6520 636f 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 6c69 e consists of li\n-00007390: 6e65 730a 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a nes.like this:..\n-000073a0: 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 2920 4649 (DEVICE) FI\n-000073b0: 4c45 0a0a 2020 2044 4556 4943 4520 6973 LE.. DEVICE is\n-000073c0: 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 a drive specifi\n-000073d0: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 ed in the GRUB s\n-000073e0: 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 yntax (*note Dev\n-000073f0: 6963 650a 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2061 ice.syntax::), a\n-00007400: 6e64 2046 494c 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 nd FILE is an OS\n-00007410: 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 file, which is \n-00007420: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6576 6963 normally a devic\n-00007430: 6520 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 e file... Hist\n-00007440: 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 6465 orically, the de\n-00007450: 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 7761 vice map file wa\n-00007460: 7320 7573 6564 2062 6563 6175 7365 2047 s used because G\n-00007470: 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 RUB device names\n-00007480: 0a68 6164 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 .had to be used \n-00007490: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 in the configura\n-000074a0: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 6e64 2074 tion file, and t\n-000074b0: 6865 7920 7765 7265 2064 6572 6976 6564 hey were derived\n-000074c0: 2066 726f 6d0a 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 from.BIOS drive\n-000074d0: 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e20 2054 6865 206d numbers. The m\n-000074e0: 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f 5320 ap between BIOS \n-000074f0: 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 6465 drives and OS de\n-00007500: 7669 6365 7320 6361 6e6e 6f74 0a61 6c77 vices cannot.alw\n-00007510: 6179 7320 6265 2067 7565 7373 6564 2063 ays be guessed c\n-00007520: 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 6578 orrectly: for ex\n-00007530: 616d 706c 652c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c ample, GRUB will\n-00007540: 2067 6574 2074 6865 206f 7264 6572 2077 get the order w\n-00007550: 726f 6e67 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6578 6368 rong.if you exch\n-00007560: 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 ange the boot se\n-00007570: 7175 656e 6365 2062 6574 7765 656e 2049 quence between I\n-00007580: 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 4920 696e 2079 DE and SCSI in y\n-00007590: 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2020 556e our BIOS... Un\n-000075a0: 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c 792c 2065 7665 fortunately, eve\n-000075b0: 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 n OS device name\n-000075c0: 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 7761 7973 s are not always\n-000075d0: 2073 7461 626c 652e 2020 4d6f 6465 726e stable. Modern\n-000075e0: 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 6865 .versions of the\n-000075f0: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 Linux kernel ma\n-00007600: 7920 7072 6f62 6520 6472 6976 6573 2069 y probe drives i\n-00007610: 6e20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6f72 n a different or\n-00007620: 6465 7220 6672 6f6d 0a62 6f6f 7420 746f der from.boot to\n-00007630: 2062 6f6f 742c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 boot, and the p\n-00007640: 7265 6669 7820 2827 2f64 6576 2f68 642a refix ('/dev/hd*\n-00007650: 2720 7665 7273 7573 2027 2f64 6576 2f73 ' versus '/dev/s\n-00007660: 642a 2729 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 650a d*') may change.\n-00007670: 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 depending on the\n-00007680: 2064 7269 7665 7220 7375 6273 7973 7465 driver subsyste\n-00007690: 6d20 696e 2075 7365 2e20 2041 7320 6120 m in use. As a \n-000076a0: 7265 7375 6c74 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 result, the devi\n-000076b0: 6365 206d 6170 0a66 696c 6520 7265 7175 ce map.file requ\n-000076c0: 6972 6564 2066 7265 7175 656e 7420 6564 ired frequent ed\n-000076d0: 6974 696e 6720 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 iting on some sy\n-000076e0: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 stems... GRUB \n-000076f0: 6176 6f69 6473 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 avoids this prob\n-00007700: 6c65 6d20 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 2062 7920 lem nowadays by \n-00007710: 7573 696e 6720 5555 4944 7320 6f72 2066 using UUIDs or f\n-00007720: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a6c 6162 656c ile system.label\n-00007730: 7320 7768 656e 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e s when generatin\n-00007740: 6720 2767 7275 622e 6366 6727 2c20 616e g 'grub.cfg', an\n-00007750: 6420 7765 2061 6476 6973 6520 7468 6174 d we advise that\n-00007760: 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 you do the same\n-00007770: 0a66 6f72 2061 6e79 2063 7573 746f 6d20 .for any custom \n-00007780: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2079 6f75 menu entries you\n-00007790: 2077 7269 7465 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 write. If the \n-000077a0: 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 device map file \n-000077b0: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 0a65 7869 7374 2c20 does not.exist, \n-000077c0: 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 then the GRUB ut\n-000077d0: 696c 6974 6965 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 7373 ilities will ass\n-000077e0: 756d 6520 6120 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 7920 ume a temporary \n-000077f0: 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 206f 6e20 7468 device map on th\n-00007800: 650a 666c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 e.fly. This is \n-00007810: 6f66 7465 6e20 676f 6f64 2065 6e6f 7567 often good enoug\n-00007820: 682c 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c 7920 h, particularly \n-00007830: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e20 6361 in the common ca\n-00007840: 7365 206f 660a 7369 6e67 6c65 2d64 6973 se of.single-dis\n-00007850: 6b20 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2048 k systems... H\n-00007860: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 owever, the devi\n-00007870: 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 6973 206e ce map file is n\n-00007880: 6f74 2065 6e74 6972 656c 7920 6f62 736f ot entirely obso\n-00007890: 6c65 7465 2079 6574 2c20 616e 6420 6974 lete yet, and it\n-000078a0: 2069 730a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 206f 7665 is.used for ove\n-000078b0: 7272 6964 696e 6720 7768 656e 2063 7572 rriding when cur\n-000078c0: 7265 6e74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 rent environment\n-000078d0: 2069 7320 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6672 is different fr\n-000078e0: 6f6d 2074 6865 206f 6e65 0a6f 6e20 626f om the one.on bo\n-000078f0: 6f74 2e20 204d 6f73 7420 636f 6d6d 6f6e ot. Most common\n-00007900: 2063 6173 6520 6973 2069 6620 796f 7520 case is if you \n-00007910: 7573 6520 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 use a partition \n-00007920: 6f72 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d or logical volum\n-00007930: 650a 6173 2061 2064 6973 6b20 666f 7220 e.as a disk for \n-00007940: 7669 7274 7561 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 652e virtual machine.\n-00007950: 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7075 7420 616e You can put an\n-00007960: 7920 636f 6d6d 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 y comments in th\n-00007970: 6520 6669 6c65 2069 660a 6e65 6564 6564 e file if.needed\n-00007980: 2c20 6173 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 , as the GRUB ut\n-00007990: 696c 6974 6965 7320 6173 7375 6d65 2074 ilities assume t\n-000079a0: 6861 7420 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 6a75 hat a line is ju\n-000079b0: 7374 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2069 660a st a comment if.\n-000079c0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6368 6172 6163 the first charac\n-000079d0: 7465 7220 6973 2027 2327 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ter is '#'.....F\n-000079e0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000079f0: 204e 6f64 653a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 Node: BIOS inst\n-00007a00: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a allation, Prev:\n-00007a10: 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5570 Device map, Up\n-00007a20: 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 0a0a : Installation..\n-00007a30: 342e 3420 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 4.4 BIOS install\n-00007a40: 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ation.==========\n-00007a50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4d 4252 ===========..MBR\n-00007a60: 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 .===..The partit\n-00007a70: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 ion table format\n-00007a80: 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2075 traditionally u\n-00007a90: 7365 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 sed on PC BIOS p\n-00007aa0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 730a 6361 6c6c latforms is.call\n-00007ab0: 6564 2074 6865 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f ed the Master Bo\n-00007ac0: 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 ot Record (MBR) \n-00007ad0: 666f 726d 6174 3b20 7468 6973 2069 7320 format; this is \n-00007ae0: 7468 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 6861 740a the format that.\n-00007af0: 616c 6c6f 7773 2075 7020 746f 2066 6f75 allows up to fou\n-00007b00: 7220 7072 696d 6172 7920 7061 7274 6974 r primary partit\n-00007b10: 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2061 6464 6974 696f ions and additio\n-00007b20: 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 7061 7274 nal logical part\n-00007b30: 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 5769 7468 2074 6869 itions..With thi\n-00007b40: 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c s partition tabl\n-00007b50: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7468 6572 6520 e format, there \n-00007b60: 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 are two ways to \n-00007b70: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 3a20 6974 install GRUB: it\n-00007b80: 0a63 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 .can be embedded\n-00007b90: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6172 6561 2062 6574 in the area bet\n-00007ba0: 7765 656e 2074 6865 204d 4252 2061 6e64 ween the MBR and\n-00007bb0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 the first parti\n-00007bc0: 7469 6f6e 0a28 6361 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 tion.(called by \n-00007bd0: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6e61 6d65 732c 2073 various names, s\n-00007be0: 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2022 626f 6f74 uch as the \"boot\n-00007bf0: 2074 7261 636b 222c 2022 4d42 5220 6761 track\", \"MBR ga\n-00007c00: 7022 2c20 6f72 0a22 656d 6265 6464 696e p\", or.\"embeddin\n-00007c10: 6720 6172 6561 222c 2061 6e64 2077 6869 g area\", and whi\n-00007c20: 6368 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6174 ch is usually at\n-00007c30: 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 4229 least 1000 KiB)\n-00007c40: 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d , or the core.im\n-00007c50: 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2069 6e73 7461 age can be insta\n-00007c60: 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 6120 6669 6c65 2073 lled in a file s\n-00007c70: 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 6120 6c69 7374 ystem and a list\n-00007c80: 206f 6620 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 2074 of the blocks t\n-00007c90: 6861 740a 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 7570 2063 hat.make it up c\n-00007ca0: 616e 2062 6520 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 an be stored in \n-00007cb0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 the first sector\n-00007cc0: 206f 6620 7468 6174 2070 6172 7469 7469 of that partiti\n-00007cd0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 2074 on... Modern t\n-00007ce0: 6f6f 6c73 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c 6561 ools usually lea\n-00007cf0: 7665 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f 6620 6174 ve MBR gap of at\n-00007d00: 206c 6561 7374 2031 3032 3320 4b69 422e least 1023 KiB.\n-00007d10: 2054 6869 7320 616d 6f75 6e74 0a69 7320 This amount.is \n-00007d20: 7375 6666 6963 6965 6e74 2074 6f20 636f sufficient to co\n-00007d30: 7665 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ver most configu\n-00007d40: 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4865 6e63 6520 rations. Hence \n-00007d50: 7468 6973 2076 616c 7565 2069 730a 7265 this value is.re\n-00007d60: 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 commended by the\n-00007d70: 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2e0a 0a20 2020 GRUB team... \n-00007d80: 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 206d 616e Historically man\n-00007d90: 7920 746f 6f6c 7320 6c65 6674 206f 6e6c y tools left onl\n-00007da0: 7920 3331 204b 6942 206f 6620 7370 6163 y 31 KiB of spac\n-00007db0: 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 740a e. This is not.\n-00007dc0: 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 7061 7273 6520 enough to parse \n-00007dd0: 7265 6c69 6162 6c79 2064 6966 6669 6375 reliably difficu\n-00007de0: 6c74 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 6c69 lt structures li\n-00007df0: 6b65 2042 7472 6673 2c20 5a46 532c 2052 ke Btrfs, ZFS, R\n-00007e00: 4149 4420 6f72 0a4c 564d 2c20 6f72 2074 AID or.LVM, or t\n-00007e10: 6f20 7573 6520 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 o use difficult \n-00007e20: 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d65 7468 disk access meth\n-00007e30: 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 2061 6863 692e 2020 ods like ahci. \n-00007e40: 4865 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a Hence GRUB will.\n-00007e50: 7761 726e 2069 6620 6174 7465 6d70 7465 warn if attempte\n-00007e60: 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 6e74 d to install int\n-00007e70: 6f20 736d 616c 6c20 4d42 5220 6761 7020 o small MBR gap \n-00007e80: 6578 6365 7074 2069 6e20 6120 736d 616c except in a smal\n-00007e90: 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 0a6f 6620 636f 6e66 l number.of conf\n-00007ea0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6861 7420 igurations that \n-00007eb0: 7765 7265 2067 7261 6e64 6661 7468 6572 were grandfather\n-00007ec0: 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2067 7261 6e64 6661 ed. The grandfa\n-00007ed0: 7468 6572 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 670a 6d75 thered config.mu\n-00007ee0: 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 2a20 7573 6520 6269 st:.. * use bi\n-00007ef0: 6f73 6469 736b 2061 7320 6469 736b 2061 osdisk as disk a\n-00007f00: 6363 6573 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 ccess module for\n-00007f10: 2027 2f62 6f6f 7427 202a 206e 6f74 2075 '/boot' * not u\n-00007f20: 7365 2061 6e79 0a61 6464 6974 696f 6e61 se any.additiona\n-00007f30: 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7073 l partition maps\n-00007f40: 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2027 2f62 6f6f to access '/boo\n-00007f50: 7427 202a 2027 2f62 6f6f 7427 206d 7573 t' * '/boot' mus\n-00007f60: 7420 6265 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f66 0a66 t be on one of.f\n-00007f70: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2066 696c 6573 7973 ollowing filesys\n-00007f80: 7465 6d73 3a20 2a20 4146 4653 2c20 4146 tems: * AFFS, AF\n-00007f90: 532c 2042 4653 2c20 6370 696f 2c20 6e65 S, BFS, cpio, ne\n-00007fa0: 7763 2c20 6f64 632c 2065 7874 322f 332f wc, odc, ext2/3/\n-00007fb0: 342c 2046 4154 2c0a 6578 4641 542c 2046 4, FAT,.exFAT, F\n-00007fc0: 3246 532c 2048 4653 2c20 756e 636f 6d70 2FS, HFS, uncomp\n-00007fd0: 7265 7373 6564 2048 4653 2b2c 2049 534f ressed HFS+, ISO\n-00007fe0: 3936 3630 2c20 4a46 532c 204d 696e 6978 9660, JFS, Minix\n-00007ff0: 2c20 4d69 6e69 7832 2c0a 4d69 6e69 7833 , Minix2,.Minix3\n-00008000: 2c20 4e49 4c46 5332 2c20 4e54 4653 2c20 , NILFS2, NTFS, \n-00008010: 5265 6973 6572 4653 2c20 524f 4d46 532c ReiserFS, ROMFS,\n-00008020: 2053 4653 2c20 7461 722c 2055 4446 2c20 SFS, tar, UDF, \n-00008030: 5546 5331 2c20 5546 5332 2c20 5846 530a UFS1, UFS2, XFS.\n-00008040: 0a20 2020 4d42 5220 6761 7020 6861 7320 . MBR gap has \n-00008050: 6665 7720 7465 6368 6e69 6361 6c20 7072 few technical pr\n-00008060: 6f62 6c65 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 7265 2069 oblems. There i\n-00008070: 7320 6e6f 2077 6179 2074 6f20 7265 7365 s no way to rese\n-00008080: 7276 6520 7370 6163 650a 696e 2074 6865 rve space.in the\n-00008090: 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2061 7265 6120 embedding area \n-000080a0: 7769 7468 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6520 7361 with complete sa\n-000080b0: 6665 7479 2c20 616e 6420 736f 6d65 2070 fety, and some p\n-000080c0: 726f 7072 6965 7461 7279 0a73 6f66 7477 roprietary.softw\n-000080d0: 6172 6520 6973 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 are is known to \n-000080e0: 7573 6520 6974 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 use it to make i\n-000080f0: 7420 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 666f 7220 t difficult for \n-00008100: 7573 6572 7320 746f 2077 6f72 6b0a 6172 users to work.ar\n-00008110: 6f75 6e64 206c 6963 656e 7369 6e67 2072 ound licensing r\n-00008120: 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4752 estrictions. GR\n-00008130: 5542 2077 6f72 6b73 2069 7420 6172 6f75 UB works it arou\n-00008140: 6e64 2062 7920 6465 7465 6374 696e 670a nd by detecting.\n-00008150: 7365 6374 6f72 7320 6279 206f 7468 6572 sectors by other\n-00008160: 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 616e 6420 6176 software and av\n-00008170: 6f69 6469 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 616e 6420 oiding them and \n-00008180: 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6e67 2069 7473 206f protecting its o\n-00008190: 776e 0a73 6563 746f 7273 2075 7369 6e67 wn.sectors using\n-000081a0: 2052 6565 642d 536f 6c6f 6d6f 6e20 656e Reed-Solomon en\n-000081b0: 636f 6469 6e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 coding... GRUB\n-000081c0: 2074 6561 6d20 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6473 team recommends\n-000081d0: 2068 6176 696e 6720 4d42 5220 6761 7020 having MBR gap \n-000081e0: 6f66 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3130 3030 of at least 1000\n-000081f0: 204b 6942 0a0a 2020 2053 686f 756c 6420 KiB.. Should \n-00008200: 6974 2062 6520 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 it be not possib\n-00008210: 6c65 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 7375 7070 le GRUB has supp\n-00008220: 6f72 7420 666f 7220 6120 6661 6c6c 6261 ort for a fallba\n-00008230: 636b 2073 6f6c 7574 696f 6e0a 7768 6963 ck solution.whic\n-00008240: 6820 6973 2068 6561 7669 6c79 2072 6563 h is heavily rec\n-00008250: 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2061 6761 696e 7374 ommended against\n-00008260: 2e20 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 746f . Installing to\n-00008270: 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6d65 a filesystem me\n-00008280: 616e 730a 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 6973 ans.that GRUB is\n-00008290: 2076 756c 6e65 7261 626c 6520 746f 2069 vulnerable to i\n-000082a0: 7473 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 6265 696e 6720 ts blocks being \n-000082b0: 6d6f 7665 6420 6172 6f75 6e64 2062 7920 moved around by \n-000082c0: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a66 6561 7475 filesystem.featu\n-000082d0: 7265 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 7461 696c res such as tail\n-000082e0: 2070 6163 6b69 6e67 2c20 6f72 2065 7665 packing, or eve\n-000082f0: 6e20 6279 2061 6767 7265 7373 6976 6520 n by aggressive \n-00008300: 6673 636b 0a69 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 fsck.implementat\n-00008310: 696f 6e73 2c20 736f 2074 6869 7320 6170 ions, so this ap\n-00008320: 7072 6f61 6368 2069 7320 7175 6974 6520 proach is quite \n-00008330: 6672 6167 696c 653b 2061 6e64 2074 6869 fragile; and thi\n-00008340: 7320 6170 7072 6f61 6368 0a63 616e 206f s approach.can o\n-00008350: 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6966 2074 nly be used if t\n-00008360: 6865 2027 2f62 6f6f 7427 2066 696c 6573 he '/boot' files\n-00008370: 7973 7465 6d20 6973 206f 6e20 7468 6520 ystem is on the \n-00008380: 7361 6d65 2064 6973 6b20 7468 6174 2074 same disk that t\n-00008390: 6865 0a42 494f 5320 626f 6f74 7320 6672 he.BIOS boots fr\n-000083a0: 6f6d 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 om, so that GRUB\n-000083b0: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 2074 does not have t\n-000083c0: 6f20 7265 6c79 206f 6e20 6775 6573 7369 o rely on guessi\n-000083d0: 6e67 2042 494f 530a 6472 6976 6520 6e75 ng BIOS.drive nu\n-000083e0: 6d62 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2047 mbers... The G\n-000083f0: 5255 4220 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 RUB development \n-00008400: 7465 616d 2067 656e 6572 616c 6c79 2072 team generally r\n-00008410: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 7320 656d 6265 6464 ecommends embedd\n-00008420: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2062 6566 6f72 650a ing GRUB before.\n-00008430: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 the first partit\n-00008440: 696f 6e2c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 796f 7520 ion, unless you \n-00008450: 6861 7665 2073 7065 6369 616c 2072 6571 have special req\n-00008460: 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 732e 2020 596f 7520 uirements. You \n-00008470: 6d75 7374 0a65 6e73 7572 6520 7468 6174 must.ensure that\n-00008480: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 the first parti\n-00008490: 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 7274 7320 6174 206c tion starts at l\n-000084a0: 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 4220 2832 east 1000 KiB (2\n-000084b0: 3030 3020 7365 6374 6f72 7329 0a66 726f 000 sectors).fro\n-000084c0: 6d20 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 m the start of t\n-000084d0: 6865 2064 6973 6b3b 206f 6e20 6d6f 6465 he disk; on mode\n-000084e0: 726e 2064 6973 6b73 2c20 6974 2069 7320 rn disks, it is \n-000084f0: 6f66 7465 6e20 6120 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 often a performa\n-00008500: 6e63 650a 6164 7661 6e74 6167 6520 746f nce.advantage to\n-00008510: 2061 6c69 676e 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e align partition\n-00008520: 7320 6f6e 206c 6172 6765 7220 626f 756e s on larger boun\n-00008530: 6461 7269 6573 2061 6e79 7761 792c 2073 daries anyway, s\n-00008540: 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 7061 7274 o the first.part\n-00008550: 6974 696f 6e20 6d69 6768 7420 7374 6172 ition might star\n-00008560: 7420 3120 4d69 4220 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 t 1 MiB from the\n-00008570: 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 6469 start of the di\n-00008580: 736b 2e0a 0a47 5054 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a 536f sk...GPT.===..So\n-00008590: 6d65 206e 6577 6572 2073 7973 7465 6d73 me newer systems\n-000085a0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2047 5549 4420 5061 use the GUID Pa\n-000085b0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 5461 626c 6520 2847 rtition Table (G\n-000085c0: 5054 2920 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2054 6869 PT) format. Thi\n-000085d0: 7320 7761 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 s was.specified \n-000085e0: 6173 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2045 as part of the E\n-000085f0: 7874 656e 7369 626c 6520 4669 726d 7761 xtensible Firmwa\n-00008600: 7265 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2028 4546 re Interface (EF\n-00008610: 4929 2c20 6275 7420 6974 2063 616e 0a61 I), but it can.a\n-00008620: 6c73 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2042 lso be used on B\n-00008630: 494f 5320 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6966 IOS platforms if\n-00008640: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 736f 6674 7761 7265 system software\n-00008650: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6974 3b20 666f supports it; fo\n-00008660: 720a 6578 616d 706c 652c 2047 5255 4220 r.example, GRUB \n-00008670: 616e 6420 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6361 and GNU/Linux ca\n-00008680: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 6869 n be used in thi\n-00008690: 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2e s configuration.\n-000086a0: 2020 5769 7468 0a74 6869 7320 666f 726d With.this form\n-000086b0: 6174 2c20 6974 2069 7320 706f 7373 6962 at, it is possib\n-000086c0: 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 7365 7276 6520 6120 le to reserve a \n-000086d0: 7768 6f6c 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 whole partition \n-000086e0: 666f 7220 4752 5542 2c0a 6361 6c6c 6564 for GRUB,.called\n-000086f0: 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 426f 6f74 2050 the BIOS Boot P\n-00008700: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2047 5255 4220 artition. GRUB \n-00008710: 6361 6e20 7468 656e 2062 6520 656d 6265 can then be embe\n-00008720: 6464 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6174 0a70 dded into that.p\n-00008730: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 686f 7574 artition without\n-00008740: 2074 6865 2072 6973 6b20 6f66 2062 6569 the risk of bei\n-00008750: 6e67 206f 7665 7277 7269 7474 656e 2062 ng overwritten b\n-00008760: 7920 6f74 6865 7220 736f 6674 7761 7265 y other software\n-00008770: 2061 6e64 0a77 6974 686f 7574 2062 6569 and.without bei\n-00008780: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6564 2069 6e20 ng contained in \n-00008790: 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2077 6869 a filesystem whi\n-000087a0: 6368 206d 6967 6874 206d 6f76 6520 6974 ch might move it\n-000087b0: 7320 626c 6f63 6b73 0a61 726f 756e 642e s blocks.around.\n-000087c0: 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 6372 6561 7469 .. When creati\n-000087d0: 6e67 2061 2042 494f 5320 426f 6f74 2050 ng a BIOS Boot P\n-000087e0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 6120 4750 artition on a GP\n-000087f0: 5420 7379 7374 656d 2c20 796f 7520 7368 T system, you sh\n-00008800: 6f75 6c64 206d 616b 650a 7375 7265 2074 ould make.sure t\n-00008810: 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6174 206c 6561 hat it is at lea\n-00008820: 7374 2033 3120 4b69 4220 696e 2073 697a st 31 KiB in siz\n-00008830: 652e 2020 2847 5054 2d66 6f72 6d61 7474 e. (GPT-formatt\n-00008840: 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 206e 6f74 ed disks are not\n-00008850: 0a75 7375 616c 6c79 2070 6172 7469 6375 .usually particu\n-00008860: 6c61 726c 7920 736d 616c 6c2c 2073 6f20 larly small, so \n-00008870: 7765 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 6861 we recommend tha\n-00008880: 7420 796f 7520 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 6c61 t you make it la\n-00008890: 7267 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 7468 6520 6261 rger than.the ba\n-000088a0: 7265 206d 696e 696d 756d 2c20 7375 6368 re minimum, such\n-000088b0: 2061 7320 3120 4d69 422c 2074 6f20 616c as 1 MiB, to al\n-000088c0: 6c6f 7720 706c 656e 7479 206f 6620 726f low plenty of ro\n-000088d0: 6f6d 2066 6f72 2067 726f 7774 682e 290a om for growth.).\n-000088e0: 596f 7520 6d75 7374 2061 6c73 6f20 6d61 You must also ma\n-000088f0: 6b65 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2069 7420 ke sure that it \n-00008900: 6861 7320 7468 6520 7072 6f70 6572 2070 has the proper p\n-00008910: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 652e 2020 artition type. \n-00008920: 5573 696e 670a 474e 5520 5061 7274 6564 Using.GNU Parted\n-00008930: 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7365 7420 7468 , you can set th\n-00008940: 6973 2075 7369 6e67 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 is using a comma\n-00008950: 6e64 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2066 nd such as the f\n-00008960: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ollowing:.. \n-00008970: 2320 7061 7274 6564 202f 6465 762f 4449 # parted /dev/DI\n-00008980: 534b 2073 6574 2050 4152 5449 5449 4f4e SK set PARTITION\n-00008990: 2d4e 554d 4245 5220 6269 6f73 5f67 7275 -NUMBER bios_gru\n-000089a0: 6220 6f6e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 b on.. If you \n-000089b0: 6172 6520 7573 696e 6720 6764 6973 6b2c are using gdisk,\n-000089c0: 2073 6574 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 set the partiti\n-000089d0: 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 746f 2027 3078 4546 on type to '0xEF\n-000089e0: 3032 272e 2020 5769 7468 0a70 6172 7469 02'. With.parti\n-000089f0: 7469 6f6e 696e 6720 7072 6f67 7261 6d73 tioning programs\n-00008a00: 2074 6861 7420 7265 7175 6972 6520 7365 that require se\n-00008a10: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 4755 4944 2064 tting the GUID d\n-00008a20: 6972 6563 746c 792c 2069 7420 7368 6f75 irectly, it shou\n-00008a30: 6c64 0a62 6520 2732 3136 3836 3134 382d ld.be '21686148-\n-00008a40: 3634 3439 2d36 6536 662d 3734 3465 3635 6449-6e6f-744e65\n-00008a50: 3635 3634 3435 3436 3439 272e 0a0a 2020 6564454649'... \n-00008a60: 202a 4361 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 4265 2076 *Caution:* Be v\n-00008a70: 6572 7920 6361 7265 6675 6c20 7768 6963 ery careful whic\n-00008a80: 6820 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 796f 7520 h partition you \n-00008a90: 7365 6c65 6374 2120 2057 6865 6e20 4752 select! When GR\n-00008aa0: 5542 0a66 696e 6473 2061 2042 494f 5320 UB.finds a BIOS \n-00008ab0: 426f 6f74 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2064 Boot Partition d\n-00008ac0: 7572 696e 6720 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 uring installati\n-00008ad0: 6f6e 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6175 746f on, it will auto\n-00008ae0: 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 790a 6f76 6572 7772 matically.overwr\n-00008af0: 6974 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 6974 2e20 ite part of it. \n-00008b00: 204d 616b 6520 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 Make sure that \n-00008b10: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 646f the partition do\n-00008b20: 6573 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 es not contain a\n-00008b30: 6e79 0a6f 7468 6572 2064 6174 612e 0a0a ny.other data...\n-00008b40: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00008b50: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 426f 6f74 696e o, Node: Bootin\n-00008b60: 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 g, Next: Config\n-00008b70: 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 uration, Prev: \n-00008b80: 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 Installation, U\n-00008b90: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3520 426f 6f74 696e p: Top..5 Bootin\n-00008ba0: 670a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 g.*********..GRU\n-00008bb0: 4220 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 204d 756c 7469 B can load Multi\n-00008bc0: 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 206b boot-compliant k\n-00008bd0: 6572 6e65 6c73 2069 6e20 6120 636f 6e73 ernels in a cons\n-00008be0: 6973 7465 6e74 2077 6179 2c20 6275 7420 istent way, but \n-00008bf0: 666f 720a 736f 6d65 2066 7265 6520 6f70 for.some free op\n-00008c00: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 7320 erating systems \n-00008c10: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 you need to use \n-00008c20: 736f 6d65 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 some OS-specific\n-00008c30: 206d 6167 6963 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a magic...* Menu:\n-00008c40: 0a0a 2a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 ..* General boot\n-00008c50: 206d 6574 686f 6473 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 methods:: \n-00008c60: 2020 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 4f53 How to boot OS\n-00008c70: 6573 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 2067 656e es with GRUB gen\n-00008c80: 6572 616c 6c79 0a2a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 erally.* Loopbac\n-00008c90: 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 2020 k booting:: \n-00008ca0: 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 6573 206f 6e20 Notes on \n-00008cb0: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 206c 6f6f booting from loo\n-00008cc0: 7062 6163 6b73 0a2a 204c 564d 2063 6163 pbacks.* LVM cac\n-00008cd0: 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2020 he booting:: \n-00008ce0: 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 6573 206f 6e20 Notes on \n-00008cf0: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 204c 564d booting from LVM\n-00008d00: 2063 6163 6865 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 cache logical v\n-00008d10: 6f6c 756d 650a 2a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 olume.* OS-speci\n-00008d20: 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 733a 3a20 2020 2020 fic notes:: \n-00008d30: 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e 2073 Notes on s\n-00008d40: 6f6d 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 ome operating sy\n-00008d50: 7374 656d 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 stems....File: g\n-00008d60: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00008d70: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 General boot me\n-00008d80: 7468 6f64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4c6f thods, Next: Lo\n-00008d90: 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 opback booting, \n-00008da0: 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e Up: Booting..5.\n-00008db0: 3120 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 1 How to boot op\n-00008dc0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 730a erating systems.\n-00008dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00007300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2064 ======..If the d\n+00007310: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7020 6669 6c65 2065 evice map file e\n+00007320: 7869 7374 732c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 xists, the GRUB \n+00007330: 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 2827 6772 7562 utilities ('grub\n+00007340: 2d70 726f 6265 272c 2065 7463 2e29 0a72 -probe', etc.).r\n+00007350: 6561 6420 6974 2074 6f20 6d61 7020 4249 ead it to map BI\n+00007360: 4f53 2064 7269 7665 7320 746f 204f 5320 OS drives to OS \n+00007370: 6465 7669 6365 732e 2020 5468 6973 2066 devices. This f\n+00007380: 696c 6520 636f 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 ile consists of \n+00007390: 6c69 6e65 730a 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a lines.like this:\n+000073a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 2920 .. (DEVICE) \n+000073b0: 4649 4c45 0a0a 2020 2044 4556 4943 4520 FILE.. DEVICE \n+000073c0: 6973 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 is a drive speci\n+000073d0: 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 fied in the GRUB\n+000073e0: 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 syntax (*note D\n+000073f0: 6576 6963 650a 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c evice.syntax::),\n+00007400: 2061 6e64 2046 494c 4520 6973 2061 6e20 and FILE is an \n+00007410: 4f53 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 OS file, which i\n+00007420: 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6576 s normally a dev\n+00007430: 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 ice file... Hi\n+00007440: 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 storically, the \n+00007450: 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 device map file \n+00007460: 7761 7320 7573 6564 2062 6563 6175 7365 was used because\n+00007470: 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d GRUB device nam\n+00007480: 6573 0a68 6164 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 es.had to be use\n+00007490: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 d in the configu\n+000074a0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 6e64 ration file, and\n+000074b0: 2074 6865 7920 7765 7265 2064 6572 6976 they were deriv\n+000074c0: 6564 2066 726f 6d0a 4249 4f53 2064 7269 ed from.BIOS dri\n+000074d0: 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e20 2054 6865 ve numbers. The\n+000074e0: 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f map between BIO\n+000074f0: 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 S drives and OS \n+00007500: 6465 7669 6365 7320 6361 6e6e 6f74 0a61 devices cannot.a\n+00007510: 6c77 6179 7320 6265 2067 7565 7373 6564 lways be guessed\n+00007520: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 correctly: for \n+00007530: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2047 5255 4220 7769 example, GRUB wi\n+00007540: 6c6c 2067 6574 2074 6865 206f 7264 6572 ll get the order\n+00007550: 2077 726f 6e67 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6578 wrong.if you ex\n+00007560: 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 change the boot \n+00007570: 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 6574 7765 656e sequence between\n+00007580: 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 4920 696e IDE and SCSI in\n+00007590: 2079 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2020 your BIOS... \n+000075a0: 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c 792c 2065 Unfortunately, e\n+000075b0: 7665 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 ven OS device na\n+000075c0: 6d65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 7761 mes are not alwa\n+000075d0: 7973 2073 7461 626c 652e 2020 4d6f 6465 ys stable. Mode\n+000075e0: 726e 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 rn.versions of t\n+000075f0: 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 he Linux kernel \n+00007600: 6d61 7920 7072 6f62 6520 6472 6976 6573 may probe drives\n+00007610: 2069 6e20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 in a different \n+00007620: 6f72 6465 7220 6672 6f6d 0a62 6f6f 7420 order from.boot \n+00007630: 746f 2062 6f6f 742c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 to boot, and the\n+00007640: 2070 7265 6669 7820 2827 2f64 6576 2f68 prefix ('/dev/h\n+00007650: 642a 2720 7665 7273 7573 2027 2f64 6576 d*' versus '/dev\n+00007660: 2f73 642a 2729 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 /sd*') may chang\n+00007670: 650a 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 e.depending on t\n+00007680: 6865 2064 7269 7665 7220 7375 6273 7973 he driver subsys\n+00007690: 7465 6d20 696e 2075 7365 2e20 2041 7320 tem in use. As \n+000076a0: 6120 7265 7375 6c74 2c20 7468 6520 6465 a result, the de\n+000076b0: 7669 6365 206d 6170 0a66 696c 6520 7265 vice map.file re\n+000076c0: 7175 6972 6564 2066 7265 7175 656e 7420 quired frequent \n+000076d0: 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 editing on some \n+000076e0: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 systems... GRU\n+000076f0: 4220 6176 6f69 6473 2074 6869 7320 7072 B avoids this pr\n+00007700: 6f62 6c65 6d20 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 2062 oblem nowadays b\n+00007710: 7920 7573 696e 6720 5555 4944 7320 6f72 y using UUIDs or\n+00007720: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a6c 6162 file system.lab\n+00007730: 656c 7320 7768 656e 2067 656e 6572 6174 els when generat\n+00007740: 696e 6720 2767 7275 622e 6366 6727 2c20 ing 'grub.cfg', \n+00007750: 616e 6420 7765 2061 6476 6973 6520 7468 and we advise th\n+00007760: 6174 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 7468 6520 7361 at you do the sa\n+00007770: 6d65 0a66 6f72 2061 6e79 2063 7573 746f me.for any custo\n+00007780: 6d20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2079 m menu entries y\n+00007790: 6f75 2077 7269 7465 2e20 2049 6620 7468 ou write. If th\n+000077a0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c e device map fil\n+000077b0: 6520 646f 6573 206e 6f74 0a65 7869 7374 e does not.exist\n+000077c0: 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 , then the GRUB \n+000077d0: 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 utilities will a\n+000077e0: 7373 756d 6520 6120 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 ssume a temporar\n+000077f0: 7920 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 206f 6e20 y device map on \n+00007800: 7468 650a 666c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 the.fly. This i\n+00007810: 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 676f 6f64 2065 6e6f s often good eno\n+00007820: 7567 682c 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c ugh, particularl\n+00007830: 7920 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e20 y in the common \n+00007840: 6361 7365 206f 660a 7369 6e67 6c65 2d64 case of.single-d\n+00007850: 6973 6b20 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 isk systems... \n+00007860: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6465 However, the de\n+00007870: 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 6973 vice map file is\n+00007880: 206e 6f74 2065 6e74 6972 656c 7920 6f62 not entirely ob\n+00007890: 736f 6c65 7465 2079 6574 2c20 616e 6420 solete yet, and \n+000078a0: 6974 2069 730a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 206f it is.used for o\n+000078b0: 7665 7272 6964 696e 6720 7768 656e 2063 verriding when c\n+000078c0: 7572 7265 6e74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 urrent environme\n+000078d0: 6e74 2069 7320 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 nt is different \n+000078e0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206f 6e65 0a6f 6e20 from the one.on \n+000078f0: 626f 6f74 2e20 204d 6f73 7420 636f 6d6d boot. Most comm\n+00007900: 6f6e 2063 6173 6520 6973 2069 6620 796f on case is if yo\n+00007910: 7520 7573 6520 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f u use a partitio\n+00007920: 6e20 6f72 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c n or logical vol\n+00007930: 756d 650a 6173 2061 2064 6973 6b20 666f ume.as a disk fo\n+00007940: 7220 7669 7274 7561 6c20 6d61 6368 696e r virtual machin\n+00007950: 652e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7075 7420 e. You can put \n+00007960: 616e 7920 636f 6d6d 656e 7473 2069 6e20 any comments in \n+00007970: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2069 660a 6e65 6564 the file if.need\n+00007980: 6564 2c20 6173 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 ed, as the GRUB \n+00007990: 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 6173 7375 6d65 utilities assume\n+000079a0: 2074 6861 7420 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 that a line is \n+000079b0: 6a75 7374 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2069 just a comment i\n+000079c0: 660a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6368 6172 f.the first char\n+000079d0: 6163 7465 7220 6973 2027 2327 2e0a 0a1f acter is '#'....\n+000079e0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000079f0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 494f 5320 696e , Node: BIOS in\n+00007a00: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 stallation, Pre\n+00007a10: 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 v: Device map, \n+00007a20: 5570 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e Up: Installation\n+00007a30: 0a0a 342e 3420 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 ..4.4 BIOS insta\n+00007a40: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d llation.========\n+00007a50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4d =============..M\n+00007a60: 4252 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7061 7274 BR.===..The part\n+00007a70: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d ition table form\n+00007a80: 6174 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 at traditionally\n+00007a90: 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 used on PC BIOS\n+00007aa0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 730a 6361 platforms is.ca\n+00007ab0: 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 204d 6173 7465 7220 lled the Master \n+00007ac0: 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 Boot Record (MBR\n+00007ad0: 2920 666f 726d 6174 3b20 7468 6973 2069 ) format; this i\n+00007ae0: 7320 7468 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 6861 s the format tha\n+00007af0: 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 2075 7020 746f 2066 t.allows up to f\n+00007b00: 6f75 7220 7072 696d 6172 7920 7061 7274 our primary part\n+00007b10: 6974 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2061 6464 6974 itions and addit\n+00007b20: 696f 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 7061 ional logical pa\n+00007b30: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 5769 7468 2074 rtitions..With t\n+00007b40: 6869 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 his partition ta\n+00007b50: 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7468 6572 ble format, ther\n+00007b60: 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 e are two ways t\n+00007b70: 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 3a20 o install GRUB: \n+00007b80: 6974 0a63 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 it.can be embedd\n+00007b90: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6172 6561 2062 ed in the area b\n+00007ba0: 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 204d 4252 2061 etween the MBR a\n+00007bb0: 6e64 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 nd the first par\n+00007bc0: 7469 7469 6f6e 0a28 6361 6c6c 6564 2062 tition.(called b\n+00007bd0: 7920 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6e61 6d65 732c y various names,\n+00007be0: 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2022 626f such as the \"bo\n+00007bf0: 6f74 2074 7261 636b 222c 2022 4d42 5220 ot track\", \"MBR \n+00007c00: 6761 7022 2c20 6f72 0a22 656d 6265 6464 gap\", or.\"embedd\n+00007c10: 696e 6720 6172 6561 222c 2061 6e64 2077 ing area\", and w\n+00007c20: 6869 6368 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 hich is usually \n+00007c30: 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 at least 1000 Ki\n+00007c40: 4229 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a B), or the core.\n+00007c50: 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2069 6e73 image can be ins\n+00007c60: 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 6120 6669 6c65 talled in a file\n+00007c70: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 6120 6c69 system and a li\n+00007c80: 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 st of the blocks\n+00007c90: 2074 6861 740a 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 7570 that.make it up\n+00007ca0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7374 6f72 6564 2069 can be stored i\n+00007cb0: 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 n the first sect\n+00007cc0: 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6174 2070 6172 7469 or of that parti\n+00007cd0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6465 726e tion... Modern\n+00007ce0: 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c tools usually l\n+00007cf0: 6561 7665 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f 6620 eave MBR gap of \n+00007d00: 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3032 3320 4b69 at least 1023 Ki\n+00007d10: 422e 2054 6869 7320 616d 6f75 6e74 0a69 B. This amount.i\n+00007d20: 7320 7375 6666 6963 6965 6e74 2074 6f20 s sufficient to \n+00007d30: 636f 7665 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6f6e 6669 cover most confi\n+00007d40: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4865 6e63 gurations. Henc\n+00007d50: 6520 7468 6973 2076 616c 7565 2069 730a e this value is.\n+00007d60: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6279 2074 recommended by t\n+00007d70: 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2e0a 0a20 he GRUB team... \n+00007d80: 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 206d Historically m\n+00007d90: 616e 7920 746f 6f6c 7320 6c65 6674 206f any tools left o\n+00007da0: 6e6c 7920 3331 204b 6942 206f 6620 7370 nly 31 KiB of sp\n+00007db0: 6163 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f ace. This is no\n+00007dc0: 740a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 7061 7273 t.enough to pars\n+00007dd0: 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c79 2064 6966 6669 e reliably diffi\n+00007de0: 6375 6c74 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 cult structures \n+00007df0: 6c69 6b65 2042 7472 6673 2c20 5a46 532c like Btrfs, ZFS,\n+00007e00: 2052 4149 4420 6f72 0a4c 564d 2c20 6f72 RAID or.LVM, or\n+00007e10: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6469 6666 6963 756c to use difficul\n+00007e20: 7420 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d65 t disk access me\n+00007e30: 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 2061 6863 692e thods like ahci.\n+00007e40: 2020 4865 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c Hence GRUB wil\n+00007e50: 6c0a 7761 726e 2069 6620 6174 7465 6d70 l.warn if attemp\n+00007e60: 7465 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 ted to install i\n+00007e70: 6e74 6f20 736d 616c 6c20 4d42 5220 6761 nto small MBR ga\n+00007e80: 7020 6578 6365 7074 2069 6e20 6120 736d p except in a sm\n+00007e90: 616c 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 0a6f 6620 636f all number.of co\n+00007ea0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6861 nfigurations tha\n+00007eb0: 7420 7765 7265 2067 7261 6e64 6661 7468 t were grandfath\n+00007ec0: 6572 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2067 7261 6e64 ered. The grand\n+00007ed0: 6661 7468 6572 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 670a fathered config.\n+00007ee0: 6d75 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 2a20 7573 6520 must:.. * use \n+00007ef0: 6269 6f73 6469 736b 2061 7320 6469 736b biosdisk as disk\n+00007f00: 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 access module f\n+00007f10: 6f72 2027 2f62 6f6f 7427 202a 206e 6f74 or '/boot' * not\n+00007f20: 2075 7365 2061 6e79 0a61 6464 6974 696f use any.additio\n+00007f30: 6e61 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 nal partition ma\n+00007f40: 7073 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2027 2f62 ps to access '/b\n+00007f50: 6f6f 7427 202a 2027 2f62 6f6f 7427 206d oot' * '/boot' m\n+00007f60: 7573 7420 6265 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f66 ust be on one of\n+00007f70: 0a66 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2066 696c 6573 .following files\n+00007f80: 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 2a20 4146 4653 2c20 ystems: * AFFS, \n+00007f90: 4146 532c 2042 4653 2c20 6370 696f 2c20 AFS, BFS, cpio, \n+00007fa0: 6e65 7763 2c20 6f64 632c 2065 7874 322f newc, odc, ext2/\n+00007fb0: 332f 342c 2046 4154 2c0a 6578 4641 542c 3/4, FAT,.exFAT,\n+00007fc0: 2046 3246 532c 2048 4653 2c20 756e 636f F2FS, HFS, unco\n+00007fd0: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2048 4653 2b2c 2049 mpressed HFS+, I\n+00007fe0: 534f 3936 3630 2c20 4a46 532c 204d 696e SO9660, JFS, Min\n+00007ff0: 6978 2c20 4d69 6e69 7832 2c0a 4d69 6e69 ix, Minix2,.Mini\n+00008000: 7833 2c20 4e49 4c46 5332 2c20 4e54 4653 x3, NILFS2, NTFS\n+00008010: 2c20 5265 6973 6572 4653 2c20 524f 4d46 , ReiserFS, ROMF\n+00008020: 532c 2053 4653 2c20 7461 722c 2055 4446 S, SFS, tar, UDF\n+00008030: 2c20 5546 5331 2c20 5546 5332 2c20 5846 , UFS1, UFS2, XF\n+00008040: 530a 0a20 2020 4d42 5220 6761 7020 6861 S.. MBR gap ha\n+00008050: 7320 6665 7720 7465 6368 6e69 6361 6c20 s few technical \n+00008060: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 7265 problems. There\n+00008070: 2069 7320 6e6f 2077 6179 2074 6f20 7265 is no way to re\n+00008080: 7365 7276 6520 7370 6163 650a 696e 2074 serve space.in t\n+00008090: 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2061 7265 he embedding are\n+000080a0: 6120 7769 7468 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6520 a with complete \n+000080b0: 7361 6665 7479 2c20 616e 6420 736f 6d65 safety, and some\n+000080c0: 2070 726f 7072 6965 7461 7279 0a73 6f66 proprietary.sof\n+000080d0: 7477 6172 6520 6973 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 tware is known t\n+000080e0: 6f20 7573 6520 6974 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 o use it to make\n+000080f0: 2069 7420 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 666f it difficult fo\n+00008100: 7220 7573 6572 7320 746f 2077 6f72 6b0a r users to work.\n+00008110: 6172 6f75 6e64 206c 6963 656e 7369 6e67 around licensing\n+00008120: 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 restrictions. \n+00008130: 4752 5542 2077 6f72 6b73 2069 7420 6172 GRUB works it ar\n+00008140: 6f75 6e64 2062 7920 6465 7465 6374 696e ound by detectin\n+00008150: 670a 7365 6374 6f72 7320 6279 206f 7468 g.sectors by oth\n+00008160: 6572 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 616e 6420 er software and \n+00008170: 6176 6f69 6469 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 616e avoiding them an\n+00008180: 6420 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6e67 2069 7473 d protecting its\n+00008190: 206f 776e 0a73 6563 746f 7273 2075 7369 own.sectors usi\n+000081a0: 6e67 2052 6565 642d 536f 6c6f 6d6f 6e20 ng Reed-Solomon \n+000081b0: 656e 636f 6469 6e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 encoding... GR\n+000081c0: 5542 2074 6561 6d20 7265 636f 6d6d 656e UB team recommen\n+000081d0: 6473 2068 6176 696e 6720 4d42 5220 6761 ds having MBR ga\n+000081e0: 7020 6f66 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3130 p of at least 10\n+000081f0: 3030 204b 6942 0a0a 2020 2053 686f 756c 00 KiB.. Shoul\n+00008200: 6420 6974 2062 6520 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 d it be not poss\n+00008210: 6962 6c65 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 7375 ible GRUB has su\n+00008220: 7070 6f72 7420 666f 7220 6120 6661 6c6c pport for a fall\n+00008230: 6261 636b 2073 6f6c 7574 696f 6e0a 7768 back solution.wh\n+00008240: 6963 6820 6973 2068 6561 7669 6c79 2072 ich is heavily r\n+00008250: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2061 6761 696e ecommended again\n+00008260: 7374 2e20 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 st. Installing \n+00008270: 746f 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 to a filesystem \n+00008280: 6d65 616e 730a 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 means.that GRUB \n+00008290: 6973 2076 756c 6e65 7261 626c 6520 746f is vulnerable to\n+000082a0: 2069 7473 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 6265 696e its blocks bein\n+000082b0: 6720 6d6f 7665 6420 6172 6f75 6e64 2062 g moved around b\n+000082c0: 7920 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a66 6561 y filesystem.fea\n+000082d0: 7475 7265 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 7461 tures such as ta\n+000082e0: 696c 2070 6163 6b69 6e67 2c20 6f72 2065 il packing, or e\n+000082f0: 7665 6e20 6279 2061 6767 7265 7373 6976 ven by aggressiv\n+00008300: 6520 6673 636b 0a69 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 e fsck.implement\n+00008310: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 736f 2074 6869 7320 ations, so this \n+00008320: 6170 7072 6f61 6368 2069 7320 7175 6974 approach is quit\n+00008330: 6520 6672 6167 696c 653b 2061 6e64 2074 e fragile; and t\n+00008340: 6869 7320 6170 7072 6f61 6368 0a63 616e his approach.can\n+00008350: 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6966 only be used if\n+00008360: 2074 6865 2027 2f62 6f6f 7427 2066 696c the '/boot' fil\n+00008370: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6973 206f 6e20 7468 esystem is on th\n+00008380: 6520 7361 6d65 2064 6973 6b20 7468 6174 e same disk that\n+00008390: 2074 6865 0a42 494f 5320 626f 6f74 7320 the.BIOS boots \n+000083a0: 6672 6f6d 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 4752 from, so that GR\n+000083b0: 5542 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 UB does not have\n+000083c0: 2074 6f20 7265 6c79 206f 6e20 6775 6573 to rely on gues\n+000083d0: 7369 6e67 2042 494f 530a 6472 6976 6520 sing BIOS.drive \n+000083e0: 6e75 6d62 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 numbers... The\n+000083f0: 2047 5255 4220 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e GRUB developmen\n+00008400: 7420 7465 616d 2067 656e 6572 616c 6c79 t team generally\n+00008410: 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 7320 656d 6265 recommends embe\n+00008420: 6464 696e 6720 4752 5542 2062 6566 6f72 dding GRUB befor\n+00008430: 650a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 e.the first part\n+00008440: 6974 696f 6e2c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 796f ition, unless yo\n+00008450: 7520 6861 7665 2073 7065 6369 616c 2072 u have special r\n+00008460: 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 732e 2020 596f equirements. Yo\n+00008470: 7520 6d75 7374 0a65 6e73 7572 6520 7468 u must.ensure th\n+00008480: 6174 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 at the first par\n+00008490: 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 7274 7320 6174 tition starts at\n+000084a0: 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 4220 least 1000 KiB \n+000084b0: 2832 3030 3020 7365 6374 6f72 7329 0a66 (2000 sectors).f\n+000084c0: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 rom the start of\n+000084d0: 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b3b 206f 6e20 6d6f the disk; on mo\n+000084e0: 6465 726e 2064 6973 6b73 2c20 6974 2069 dern disks, it i\n+000084f0: 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 6120 7065 7266 6f72 s often a perfor\n+00008500: 6d61 6e63 650a 6164 7661 6e74 6167 6520 mance.advantage \n+00008510: 746f 2061 6c69 676e 2070 6172 7469 7469 to align partiti\n+00008520: 6f6e 7320 6f6e 206c 6172 6765 7220 626f ons on larger bo\n+00008530: 756e 6461 7269 6573 2061 6e79 7761 792c undaries anyway,\n+00008540: 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 7061 so the first.pa\n+00008550: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d69 6768 7420 7374 rtition might st\n+00008560: 6172 7420 3120 4d69 4220 6672 6f6d 2074 art 1 MiB from t\n+00008570: 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 he start of the \n+00008580: 6469 736b 2e0a 0a47 5054 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a disk...GPT.===..\n+00008590: 536f 6d65 206e 6577 6572 2073 7973 7465 Some newer syste\n+000085a0: 6d73 2075 7365 2074 6865 2047 5549 4420 ms use the GUID \n+000085b0: 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 5461 626c 6520 Partition Table \n+000085c0: 2847 5054 2920 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2054 (GPT) format. T\n+000085d0: 6869 7320 7761 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 his was.specifie\n+000085e0: 6420 6173 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 d as part of the\n+000085f0: 2045 7874 656e 7369 626c 6520 4669 726d Extensible Firm\n+00008600: 7761 7265 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2028 ware Interface (\n+00008610: 4546 4929 2c20 6275 7420 6974 2063 616e EFI), but it can\n+00008620: 0a61 6c73 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 6f6e .also be used on\n+00008630: 2042 494f 5320 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 BIOS platforms \n+00008640: 6966 2073 7973 7465 6d20 736f 6674 7761 if system softwa\n+00008650: 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6974 3b20 re supports it; \n+00008660: 666f 720a 6578 616d 706c 652c 2047 5255 for.example, GRU\n+00008670: 4220 616e 6420 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 B and GNU/Linux \n+00008680: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 can be used in t\n+00008690: 6869 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f his configuratio\n+000086a0: 6e2e 2020 5769 7468 0a74 6869 7320 666f n. With.this fo\n+000086b0: 726d 6174 2c20 6974 2069 7320 706f 7373 rmat, it is poss\n+000086c0: 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 7365 7276 6520 ible to reserve \n+000086d0: 6120 7768 6f6c 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f a whole partitio\n+000086e0: 6e20 666f 7220 4752 5542 2c0a 6361 6c6c n for GRUB,.call\n+000086f0: 6564 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 426f 6f74 ed the BIOS Boot\n+00008700: 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2047 5255 Partition. GRU\n+00008710: 4220 6361 6e20 7468 656e 2062 6520 656d B can then be em\n+00008720: 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6174 bedded into that\n+00008730: 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 686f .partition witho\n+00008740: 7574 2074 6865 2072 6973 6b20 6f66 2062 ut the risk of b\n+00008750: 6569 6e67 206f 7665 7277 7269 7474 656e eing overwritten\n+00008760: 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7220 736f 6674 7761 by other softwa\n+00008770: 7265 2061 6e64 0a77 6974 686f 7574 2062 re and.without b\n+00008780: 6569 6e67 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6564 2069 eing contained i\n+00008790: 6e20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2077 n a filesystem w\n+000087a0: 6869 6368 206d 6967 6874 206d 6f76 6520 hich might move \n+000087b0: 6974 7320 626c 6f63 6b73 0a61 726f 756e its blocks.aroun\n+000087c0: 642e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 6372 6561 d... When crea\n+000087d0: 7469 6e67 2061 2042 494f 5320 426f 6f74 ting a BIOS Boot\n+000087e0: 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 6120 Partition on a \n+000087f0: 4750 5420 7379 7374 656d 2c20 796f 7520 GPT system, you \n+00008800: 7368 6f75 6c64 206d 616b 650a 7375 7265 should make.sure\n+00008810: 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6174 206c that it is at l\n+00008820: 6561 7374 2033 3120 4b69 4220 696e 2073 east 31 KiB in s\n+00008830: 697a 652e 2020 2847 5054 2d66 6f72 6d61 ize. (GPT-forma\n+00008840: 7474 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 206e tted disks are n\n+00008850: 6f74 0a75 7375 616c 6c79 2070 6172 7469 ot.usually parti\n+00008860: 6375 6c61 726c 7920 736d 616c 6c2c 2073 cularly small, s\n+00008870: 6f20 7765 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 o we recommend t\n+00008880: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 hat you make it \n+00008890: 6c61 7267 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 7468 6520 larger than.the \n+000088a0: 6261 7265 206d 696e 696d 756d 2c20 7375 bare minimum, su\n+000088b0: 6368 2061 7320 3120 4d69 422c 2074 6f20 ch as 1 MiB, to \n+000088c0: 616c 6c6f 7720 706c 656e 7479 206f 6620 allow plenty of \n+000088d0: 726f 6f6d 2066 6f72 2067 726f 7774 682e room for growth.\n+000088e0: 290a 596f 7520 6d75 7374 2061 6c73 6f20 ).You must also \n+000088f0: 6d61 6b65 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2069 make sure that i\n+00008900: 7420 6861 7320 7468 6520 7072 6f70 6572 t has the proper\n+00008910: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 652e partition type.\n+00008920: 2020 5573 696e 670a 474e 5520 5061 7274 Using.GNU Part\n+00008930: 6564 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7365 7420 ed, you can set \n+00008940: 7468 6973 2075 7369 6e67 2061 2063 6f6d this using a com\n+00008950: 6d61 6e64 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 mand such as the\n+00008960: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 following:.. \n+00008970: 2020 2320 7061 7274 6564 202f 6465 762f # parted /dev/\n+00008980: 4449 534b 2073 6574 2050 4152 5449 5449 DISK set PARTITI\n+00008990: 4f4e 2d4e 554d 4245 5220 6269 6f73 5f67 ON-NUMBER bios_g\n+000089a0: 7275 6220 6f6e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f rub on.. If yo\n+000089b0: 7520 6172 6520 7573 696e 6720 6764 6973 u are using gdis\n+000089c0: 6b2c 2073 6574 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 k, set the parti\n+000089d0: 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 746f 2027 3078 tion type to '0x\n+000089e0: 4546 3032 272e 2020 5769 7468 0a70 6172 EF02'. With.par\n+000089f0: 7469 7469 6f6e 696e 6720 7072 6f67 7261 titioning progra\n+00008a00: 6d73 2074 6861 7420 7265 7175 6972 6520 ms that require \n+00008a10: 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 4755 4944 setting the GUID\n+00008a20: 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2069 7420 7368 directly, it sh\n+00008a30: 6f75 6c64 0a62 6520 2732 3136 3836 3134 ould.be '2168614\n+00008a40: 382d 3634 3439 2d36 6536 662d 3734 3465 8-6449-6e6f-744e\n+00008a50: 3635 3635 3634 3435 3436 3439 272e 0a0a 656564454649'...\n+00008a60: 2020 202a 4361 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 4265 *Caution:* Be\n+00008a70: 2076 6572 7920 6361 7265 6675 6c20 7768 very careful wh\n+00008a80: 6963 6820 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 796f ich partition yo\n+00008a90: 7520 7365 6c65 6374 2120 2057 6865 6e20 u select! When \n+00008aa0: 4752 5542 0a66 696e 6473 2061 2042 494f GRUB.finds a BIO\n+00008ab0: 5320 426f 6f74 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e S Boot Partition\n+00008ac0: 2064 7572 696e 6720 696e 7374 616c 6c61 during installa\n+00008ad0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6175 tion, it will au\n+00008ae0: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 790a 6f76 6572 tomatically.over\n+00008af0: 7772 6974 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 6974 write part of it\n+00008b00: 2e20 204d 616b 6520 7375 7265 2074 6861 . Make sure tha\n+00008b10: 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 t the partition \n+00008b20: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 696e does not contain\n+00008b30: 2061 6e79 0a6f 7468 6572 2064 6174 612e any.other data.\n+00008b40: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00008b50: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 426f 6f74 nfo, Node: Boot\n+00008b60: 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 6e66 ing, Next: Conf\n+00008b70: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 iguration, Prev\n+00008b80: 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 : Installation, \n+00008b90: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3520 426f 6f74 Up: Top..5 Boot\n+00008ba0: 696e 670a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 ing.*********..G\n+00008bb0: 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 204d 756c RUB can load Mul\n+00008bc0: 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 tiboot-compliant\n+00008bd0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2069 6e20 6120 636f kernels in a co\n+00008be0: 6e73 6973 7465 6e74 2077 6179 2c20 6275 nsistent way, bu\n+00008bf0: 7420 666f 720a 736f 6d65 2066 7265 6520 t for.some free \n+00008c00: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00008c10: 7320 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7573 s you need to us\n+00008c20: 6520 736f 6d65 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 e some OS-specif\n+00008c30: 6963 206d 6167 6963 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e ic magic...* Men\n+00008c40: 753a 0a0a 2a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f u:..* General bo\n+00008c50: 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 3a3a 2020 2020 ot methods:: \n+00008c60: 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 How to boot \n+00008c70: 4f53 6573 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 2067 OSes with GRUB g\n+00008c80: 656e 6572 616c 6c79 0a2a 204c 6f6f 7062 enerally.* Loopb\n+00008c90: 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 ack booting:: \n+00008ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 6573 206f Notes o\n+00008cb0: 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 206c n booting from l\n+00008cc0: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b73 0a2a 204c 564d 2063 oopbacks.* LVM c\n+00008cd0: 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 ache booting:: \n+00008ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 6573 206f Notes o\n+00008cf0: 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 204c n booting from L\n+00008d00: 564d 2063 6163 6865 206c 6f67 6963 616c VM cache logical\n+00008d10: 2076 6f6c 756d 650a 2a20 4f53 2d73 7065 volume.* OS-spe\n+00008d20: 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 733a 3a20 2020 cific notes:: \n+00008d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e Notes on\n+00008d40: 2073 6f6d 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 some operating \n+00008d50: 7379 7374 656d 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a systems....File:\n+00008d60: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00008d70: 653a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 e: General boot \n+00008d80: 6d65 7468 6f64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 methods, Next: \n+00008d90: 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 Loopback booting\n+00008da0: 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a , Up: Booting..\n+00008db0: 352e 3120 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 5.1 How to boot \n+00008dc0: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00008dd0: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n 00008de0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00008df0: 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6861 7320 7477 6f20 =..GRUB has two \n-00008e00: 6469 7374 696e 6374 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 distinct boot me\n-00008e10: 7468 6f64 732e 2020 4f6e 6520 6f66 2074 thods. One of t\n-00008e20: 6865 2074 776f 2069 7320 746f 206c 6f61 he two is to loa\n-00008e30: 6420 616e 0a6f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 d an.operating s\n-00008e40: 7973 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 ystem directly, \n-00008e50: 616e 6420 7468 6520 6f74 6865 7220 6973 and the other is\n-00008e60: 2074 6f20 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 2061 to chain-load a\n-00008e70: 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 740a 6c6f 6164 nother boot.load\n-00008e80: 6572 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 6e20 7769 er which then wi\n-00008e90: 6c6c 206c 6f61 6420 616e 206f 7065 7261 ll load an opera\n-00008ea0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6163 7475 ting system actu\n-00008eb0: 616c 6c79 2e20 2047 656e 6572 616c 6c79 ally. Generally\n-00008ec0: 0a73 7065 616b 696e 672c 2074 6865 2066 .speaking, the f\n-00008ed0: 6f72 6d65 7220 6973 206d 6f72 6520 6465 ormer is more de\n-00008ee0: 7369 7261 626c 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 sirable, because\n-00008ef0: 2079 6f75 2064 6f6e 2774 206e 6565 6420 you don't need \n-00008f00: 746f 0a69 6e73 7461 6c6c 206f 7220 6d61 to.install or ma\n-00008f10: 696e 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f intain other boo\n-00008f20: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 616e 6420 4752 t loaders and GR\n-00008f30: 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2065 UB is flexible e\n-00008f40: 6e6f 7567 6820 746f 0a6c 6f61 6420 616e nough to.load an\n-00008f50: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-00008f60: 6d20 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 m from an arbitr\n-00008f70: 6172 7920 6469 736b 2f70 6172 7469 7469 ary disk/partiti\n-00008f80: 6f6e 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 on. However, th\n-00008f90: 650a 6c61 7474 6572 2069 7320 736f 6d65 e.latter is some\n-00008fa0: 7469 6d65 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 times required, \n-00008fb0: 7369 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2064 6f65 736e since GRUB doesn\n-00008fc0: 2774 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 2074 't support all t\n-00008fd0: 6865 0a65 7869 7374 696e 6720 6f70 6572 he.existing oper\n-00008fe0: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 7320 6e61 ating systems na\n-00008ff0: 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a tively...* Menu:\n-00009000: 0a0a 2a20 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f ..* Loading an o\n-00009010: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 perating system \n-00009020: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 3a3a 0a2a 2043 6861 directly::.* Cha\n-00009030: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a in-loading::....\n-00009040: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00009050: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 Node: Loading \n-00009060: 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 an operating sys\n-00009070: 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 204e tem directly, N\n-00009080: 6578 743a 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 ext: Chain-loadi\n-00009090: 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c ng, Up: General\n-000090a0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 boot methods..5\n-000090b0: 2e31 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 .1.1 How to boot\n-000090c0: 2061 6e20 4f53 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 an OS directly \n-000090d0: 7769 7468 2047 5255 420a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d with GRUB.------\n+00008df0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6861 7320 7477 ===..GRUB has tw\n+00008e00: 6f20 6469 7374 696e 6374 2062 6f6f 7420 o distinct boot \n+00008e10: 6d65 7468 6f64 732e 2020 4f6e 6520 6f66 methods. One of\n+00008e20: 2074 6865 2074 776f 2069 7320 746f 206c the two is to l\n+00008e30: 6f61 6420 616e 0a6f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 oad an.operating\n+00008e40: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 system directly\n+00008e50: 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6f74 6865 7220 , and the other \n+00008e60: 6973 2074 6f20 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 is to chain-load\n+00008e70: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 740a 6c6f another boot.lo\n+00008e80: 6164 6572 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 6e20 ader which then \n+00008e90: 7769 6c6c 206c 6f61 6420 616e 206f 7065 will load an ope\n+00008ea0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6163 rating system ac\n+00008eb0: 7475 616c 6c79 2e20 2047 656e 6572 616c tually. General\n+00008ec0: 6c79 0a73 7065 616b 696e 672c 2074 6865 ly.speaking, the\n+00008ed0: 2066 6f72 6d65 7220 6973 206d 6f72 6520 former is more \n+00008ee0: 6465 7369 7261 626c 652c 2062 6563 6175 desirable, becau\n+00008ef0: 7365 2079 6f75 2064 6f6e 2774 206e 6565 se you don't nee\n+00008f00: 6420 746f 0a69 6e73 7461 6c6c 206f 7220 d to.install or \n+00008f10: 6d61 696e 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 2062 maintain other b\n+00008f20: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 616e 6420 oot loaders and \n+00008f30: 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 6c65 GRUB is flexible\n+00008f40: 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 746f 0a6c 6f61 6420 enough to.load \n+00008f50: 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 an operating sys\n+00008f60: 7465 6d20 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 6172 6269 tem from an arbi\n+00008f70: 7472 6172 7920 6469 736b 2f70 6172 7469 trary disk/parti\n+00008f80: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 tion. However, \n+00008f90: 7468 650a 6c61 7474 6572 2069 7320 736f the.latter is so\n+00008fa0: 6d65 7469 6d65 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 metimes required\n+00008fb0: 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2064 6f65 , since GRUB doe\n+00008fc0: 736e 2774 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c6c sn't support all\n+00008fd0: 2074 6865 0a65 7869 7374 696e 6720 6f70 the.existing op\n+00008fe0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 7320 erating systems \n+00008ff0: 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e natively...* Men\n+00009000: 753a 0a0a 2a20 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e u:..* Loading an\n+00009010: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00009020: 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 3a3a 0a2a 2043 m directly::.* C\n+00009030: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 3a3a 0a0a hain-loading::..\n+00009040: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00009050: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f 6164 696e o, Node: Loadin\n+00009060: 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 g an operating s\n+00009070: 7973 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 ystem directly, \n+00009080: 204e 6578 743a 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 Next: Chain-loa\n+00009090: 6469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 ding, Up: Gener\n+000090a0: 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a al boot methods.\n+000090b0: 0a35 2e31 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f .5.1.1 How to bo\n+000090c0: 6f74 2061 6e20 4f53 2064 6972 6563 746c ot an OS directl\n+000090d0: 7920 7769 7468 2047 5255 420a 2d2d 2d2d y with GRUB.----\n 000090e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000090f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00009100: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 ----..Multiboot \n-00009110: 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 (*note Multiboot\n-00009120: 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 3a20 Specification: \n-00009130: 286d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2954 6f70 2e29 (multiboot)Top.)\n-00009140: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6e61 7469 7665 0a66 is the native.f\n-00009150: 6f72 6d61 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 ormat supported \n-00009160: 6279 2047 5255 422e 2046 6f72 2074 6865 by GRUB. For the\n-00009170: 2073 616b 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 7665 6e69 sake of conveni\n-00009180: 656e 6365 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6973 2061 ence, there is a\n-00009190: 6c73 6f0a 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 7220 lso.support for \n-000091a0: 4c69 6e75 782c 2046 7265 6542 5344 2c20 Linux, FreeBSD, \n-000091b0: 4e65 7442 5344 2061 6e64 204f 7065 6e42 NetBSD and OpenB\n-000091c0: 5344 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 SD. If you want \n-000091d0: 746f 2062 6f6f 740a 6f74 6865 7220 6f70 to boot.other op\n-000091e0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c erating systems,\n-000091f0: 2079 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 6861 7665 2074 you will have t\n-00009200: 6f20 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 o chain-load the\n-00009210: 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a43 6861 696e 2d6c m (*note.Chain-l\n-00009220: 6f61 6469 6e67 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2046 oading::)... F\n-00009230: 4958 4d45 3a20 7468 6973 2073 6563 7469 IXME: this secti\n-00009240: 6f6e 2069 7320 696e 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 on is incomplete\n-00009250: 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 5275 6e20 7468 6520 ... 1. Run the \n-00009260: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 2762 6f6f 7427 2028 command 'boot' (\n-00009270: 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a *note boot::)...\n-00009280: 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 444f 5320 However, DOS \n-00009290: 616e 6420 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 6861 7665 and Windows have\n-000092a0: 2073 6f6d 6520 6465 6669 6369 656e 6369 some deficienci\n-000092b0: 6573 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 206d 6967 6874 es, so you might\n-000092c0: 2068 6176 6520 746f 0a75 7365 206d 6f72 have to.use mor\n-000092d0: 6520 636f 6d70 6c69 6361 7465 6420 696e e complicated in\n-000092e0: 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 202a 4e6f structions. *No\n-000092f0: 7465 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 3a3a te DOS/Windows::\n-00009300: 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a69 6e66 6f72 , for more.infor\n-00009310: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mation.....File:\n-00009320: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00009330: 653a 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 e: Chain-loading\n-00009340: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 , Prev: Loading\n-00009350: 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 an operating sy\n-00009360: 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2020 stem directly, \n-00009370: 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 Up: General boot\n-00009380: 206d 6574 686f 6473 0a0a 352e 312e 3220 methods..5.1.2 \n-00009390: 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e Chain-loading an\n-000093a0: 204f 530a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d OS.------------\n-000093b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4f -------------..O\n-000093c0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n-000093d0: 2074 6861 7420 646f 206e 6f74 2073 7570 that do not sup\n-000093e0: 706f 7274 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2061 port Multiboot a\n-000093f0: 6e64 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 2073 nd do not have s\n-00009400: 7065 6369 6669 630a 7375 7070 6f72 7420 pecific.support \n-00009410: 696e 2047 5255 4220 2873 7065 6369 6669 in GRUB (specifi\n-00009420: 6320 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2061 7661 c support is ava\n-00009430: 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 204c 696e 7578 ilable for Linux\n-00009440: 2c20 4672 6565 4253 442c 0a4e 6574 4253 , FreeBSD,.NetBS\n-00009450: 4420 616e 6420 4f70 656e 4253 4429 206d D and OpenBSD) m\n-00009460: 7573 7420 6265 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 ust be chain-loa\n-00009470: 6465 642c 2077 6869 6368 2069 6e76 6f6c ded, which invol\n-00009480: 7665 7320 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 6f74 ves loading anot\n-00009490: 6865 720a 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 her.boot loader \n-000094a0: 616e 6420 6a75 6d70 696e 6720 746f 2069 and jumping to i\n-000094b0: 7420 696e 2072 6561 6c20 6d6f 6465 2e0a t in real mode..\n-000094c0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 2763 6861 696e 6c6f . The 'chainlo\n-000094d0: 6164 6572 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a ader' command (*\n-000094e0: 6e6f 7465 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 note chainloader\n-000094f0: 3a3a 2920 6973 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 ::) is used to s\n-00009500: 6574 2074 6869 730a 7570 2e20 2049 7420 et this.up. It \n-00009510: 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 616c 736f is normally also\n-00009520: 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f20 6c6f necessary to lo\n-00009530: 6164 2073 6f6d 6520 4752 5542 206d 6f64 ad some GRUB mod\n-00009540: 756c 6573 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 ules and set the\n-00009550: 0a61 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2072 6f6f .appropriate roo\n-00009560: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2050 7574 7469 t device. Putti\n-00009570: 6e67 2074 6869 7320 746f 6765 7468 6572 ng this together\n-00009580: 2c20 7765 2067 6574 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 , we get somethi\n-00009590: 6e67 206c 696b 650a 7468 6973 2c20 666f ng like.this, fo\n-000095a0: 7220 6120 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 7379 7374 r a Windows syst\n-000095b0: 656d 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 em on the first \n-000095c0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 partition of the\n-000095d0: 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 640a 6469 736b first hard.disk\n-000095e0: 3a0a 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 :..menuentry \"Wi\n-000095f0: 6e64 6f77 7322 207b 0a09 696e 736d 6f64 ndows\" {..insmod\n-00009600: 2063 6861 696e 0a09 696e 736d 6f64 206e chain..insmod n\n-00009610: 7466 730a 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 tfs..set root=(h\n-00009620: 6430 2c31 290a 0963 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 d0,1)..chainload\n-00009630: 6572 202b 310a 7d0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2073 er +1.}.. On s\n-00009640: 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6974 6820 6d75 6c74 ystems with mult\n-00009650: 6970 6c65 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 732c iple hard disks,\n-00009660: 2061 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2077 an additional w\n-00009670: 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 6d61 7920 6265 orkaround may be\n-00009680: 0a72 6571 7569 7265 642e 2020 2a4e 6f74 .required. *Not\n-00009690: 6520 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2e e DOS/Windows::.\n-000096a0: 0a0a 2020 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 .. Chain-loadi\n-000096b0: 6e67 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 706f ng is only suppo\n-000096c0: 7274 6564 206f 6e20 5043 2042 494f 5320 rted on PC BIOS \n-000096d0: 616e 6420 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d and EFI platform\n-000096e0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-000096f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f .info, Node: Lo\n-00009700: 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 opback booting, \n-00009710: 204e 6578 743a 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 Next: LVM cache\n-00009720: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a booting, Prev:\n-00009730: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 General boot me\n-00009740: 7468 6f64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 thods, Up: Boot\n-00009750: 696e 670a 0a35 2e32 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 ing..5.2 Loopbac\n-00009760: 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d k booting.======\n-00009770: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00009780: 4752 5542 2069 7320 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 GRUB is able to \n-00009790: 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 616e 2069 6d61 read from an ima\n-000097a0: 6765 2028 6265 2069 7420 6f6e 6520 6f66 ge (be it one of\n-000097b0: 2043 4420 6f72 2048 4444 2920 7374 6f72 CD or HDD) stor\n-000097c0: 6564 206f 6e0a 616e 7920 6f66 2069 7473 ed on.any of its\n-000097d0: 2061 6363 6573 7369 626c 6520 7374 6f72 accessible stor\n-000097e0: 6167 6573 2028 7265 6665 7220 746f 202a ages (refer to *\n-000097f0: 6e6f 7465 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b3a 3a20 note loopback:: \n-00009800: 636f 6d6d 616e 6429 2e0a 486f 7765 7665 command)..Howeve\n-00009810: 7220 7468 6520 4f53 2069 7473 656c 6620 r the OS itself \n-00009820: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 should be able t\n-00009830: 6f20 6669 6e64 2069 7473 2072 6f6f 742e o find its root.\n-00009840: 2020 5468 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 0a69 This usually.i\n-00009850: 6e76 6f6c 7665 7320 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 nvolves running \n-00009860: 6120 7573 6572 7370 6163 6520 7072 6f67 a userspace prog\n-00009870: 7261 6d20 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 6265 666f ram running befo\n-00009880: 7265 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c20 726f 6f74 re the real root\n-00009890: 2069 730a 6469 7363 6f76 6572 6564 2e20 is.discovered. \n-000098a0: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6368 6965 7665 This is achieve\n-000098b0: 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6c6f 6164 696e d by GRUB loadin\n-000098c0: 6720 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c6c 7920 6d61 g a specially ma\n-000098d0: 6465 2073 6d61 6c6c 0a69 6d61 6765 2061 de small.image a\n-000098e0: 6e64 2070 6173 7369 6e67 2069 7420 6173 nd passing it as\n-000098f0: 2072 616d 6469 736b 2074 6f20 7468 6520 ramdisk to the \n-00009900: 6b65 726e 656c 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 kernel. This is\n-00009910: 2061 6368 6965 7665 6420 6279 0a63 6f6d achieved by.com\n-00009920: 6d61 6e64 7320 276b 6672 6565 6273 645f mands 'kfreebsd_\n-00009930: 6d6f 6475 6c65 272c 2027 6b6e 6574 6273 module', 'knetbs\n-00009940: 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 272c 2027 d_module_elf', '\n-00009950: 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 5f72 616d 6469 736b kopenbsd_ramdisk\n-00009960: 272c 0a27 696e 6974 7264 2720 282a 6e6f ',.'initrd' (*no\n-00009970: 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 2c20 2769 te initrd::), 'i\n-00009980: 6e69 7472 6431 3627 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 nitrd16' (*note \n-00009990: 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292c 0a27 6d75 6c74 initrd::),.'mult\n-000099a0: 6962 6f6f 745f 6d6f 6475 6c65 272c 2027 iboot_module', '\n-000099b0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 5f6d 6f64 756c multiboot2_modul\n-000099c0: 6527 206f 7220 2778 6e75 5f72 616d 6469 e' or 'xnu_ramdi\n-000099d0: 736b 2720 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e sk' depending on\n-000099e0: 0a74 6865 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4e6f .the loader. No\n-000099f0: 7465 2074 6861 7420 666f 7220 6b6e 6574 te that for knet\n-00009a00: 6273 6420 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6d75 bsd the image mu\n-00009a10: 7374 2062 6520 7075 7420 696e 7369 6465 st be put inside\n-00009a20: 0a6d 696e 6972 6f6f 742e 6b6d 6f64 2061 .miniroot.kmod a\n-00009a30: 6e64 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 206d 696e nd the whole min\n-00009a40: 6972 6f6f 742e 6b6d 6f64 2068 6173 2074 iroot.kmod has t\n-00009a50: 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 496e o be loaded. In\n-00009a60: 206b 6f70 656e 6273 640a 7061 796c 6f61 kopenbsd.payloa\n-00009a70: 6420 7468 6973 2069 7320 6469 7361 626c d this is disabl\n-00009a80: 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 2020 ed by default. \n-00009a90: 4164 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 6265 6861 Aditionally beha\n-00009aa0: 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2069 6e69 7469 616c viour of initial\n-00009ab0: 0a72 616d 6469 736b 2064 6570 656e 6473 .ramdisk depends\n-00009ac0: 206f 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 on command line\n-00009ad0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e20 2053 6576 6572 options. Sever\n-00009ae0: 616c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6f72 7320 al distributors \n-00009af0: 7072 6f76 6964 650a 7468 6520 696d 6167 provide.the imag\n-00009b00: 6520 666f 7220 7468 6973 2070 7572 706f e for this purpo\n-00009b10: 7365 206f 7220 6974 2773 2069 6e74 6567 se or it's integ\n-00009b20: 7261 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 6972 2073 rated in their s\n-00009b30: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 7261 6d64 6973 6b0a tandard ramdisk.\n-00009b40: 616e 6420 6163 7469 7661 7465 6420 6279 and activated by\n-00009b50: 2073 7065 6369 616c 206f 7074 696f 6e2e special option.\n-00009b60: 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 796f 7572 206b Consult your k\n-00009b70: 6572 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 6469 7374 7269 ernel and distri\n-00009b80: 6275 7469 6f6e 0a6d 616e 7561 6c20 666f bution.manual fo\n-00009b90: 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e20 r more details. \n-00009ba0: 204f 7468 6572 206c 6f61 6465 7273 206c Other loaders l\n-00009bb0: 696b 6520 6170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 722c ike appleloader,\n-00009bc0: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 0a28 4249 chainloader.(BI\n-00009bd0: 4f53 2c20 4546 492c 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f OS, EFI, coreboo\n-00009be0: 7429 2c20 6672 6565 646f 732c 206e 746c t), freedos, ntl\n-00009bf0: 6472 2061 6e64 2070 6c61 6e39 2070 726f dr and plan9 pro\n-00009c00: 7669 6465 206e 6f20 706f 7373 6962 696c vide no possibil\n-00009c10: 6974 790a 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 ity.of loading i\n-00009c20: 6e69 7469 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b 2061 nitial ramdisk a\n-00009c30: 6e64 2061 7320 6661 7220 6173 2061 7574 nd as far as aut\n-00009c40: 686f 7220 6973 2061 7761 7265 2074 6865 hor is aware the\n-00009c50: 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 696e 0a71 7565 payloads in.que\n-00009c60: 7374 696f 6e20 646f 6e27 7420 7375 7070 stion don't supp\n-00009c70: 6f72 7420 6569 7468 6572 2069 6e69 7469 ort either initi\n-00009c80: 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b 206f 7220 6469 al ramdisk or di\n-00009c90: 7363 6f76 6572 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 6261 scovering loopba\n-00009ca0: 636b 0a62 6f6f 7420 696e 206f 7468 6572 ck.boot in other\n-00009cb0: 2077 6179 2061 6e64 2061 7320 7375 6368 way and as such\n-00009cc0: 206e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 7468 not bootable th\n-00009cd0: 6973 2077 6179 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 6520 is way. Please \n-00009ce0: 636f 6e73 6964 6572 0a61 6c74 6572 6e61 consider.alterna\n-00009cf0: 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 tive boot method\n-00009d00: 7320 6c69 6b65 2063 6f70 7969 6e67 2061 s like copying a\n-00009d10: 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 ll files from th\n-00009d20: 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2061 6374 7561 e image to actua\n-00009d30: 6c0a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 436f l.partition. Co\n-00009d40: 6e73 756c 7420 796f 7572 204f 5320 646f nsult your OS do\n-00009d50: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 cumentation for \n-00009d60: 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 0a0a 1f0a more details....\n-00009d70: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00009d80: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 Node: LVM cach\n-00009d90: 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 e booting, Next\n-00009da0: 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f : OS-specific no\n-00009db0: 7465 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6f70 tes, Prev: Loop\n-00009dc0: 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 back booting, U\n-00009dd0: 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3320 p: Booting..5.3 \n-00009de0: 426f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 204c 564d Booting from LVM\n-00009df0: 2063 6163 6865 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 cache logical v\n-00009e00: 6f6c 756d 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d olume.==========\n+00009100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ------..Multiboo\n+00009110: 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 756c 7469 626f t (*note Multibo\n+00009120: 6f74 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ot Specification\n+00009130: 3a20 286d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2954 6f70 : (multiboot)Top\n+00009140: 2e29 2069 7320 7468 6520 6e61 7469 7665 .) is the native\n+00009150: 0a66 6f72 6d61 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7465 .format supporte\n+00009160: 6420 6279 2047 5255 422e 2046 6f72 2074 d by GRUB. For t\n+00009170: 6865 2073 616b 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 7665 he sake of conve\n+00009180: 6e69 656e 6365 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6973 nience, there is\n+00009190: 2061 6c73 6f0a 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f also.support fo\n+000091a0: 7220 4c69 6e75 782c 2046 7265 6542 5344 r Linux, FreeBSD\n+000091b0: 2c20 4e65 7442 5344 2061 6e64 204f 7065 , NetBSD and Ope\n+000091c0: 6e42 5344 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 2077 616e nBSD. If you wan\n+000091d0: 7420 746f 2062 6f6f 740a 6f74 6865 7220 t to boot.other \n+000091e0: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+000091f0: 732c 2079 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 6861 7665 s, you will have\n+00009200: 2074 6f20 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 2074 to chain-load t\n+00009210: 6865 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a43 6861 696e hem (*note.Chain\n+00009220: 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 -loading::)... \n+00009230: 2046 4958 4d45 3a20 7468 6973 2073 6563 FIXME: this sec\n+00009240: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 696e 636f 6d70 6c65 tion is incomple\n+00009250: 7465 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 5275 6e20 7468 te... 1. Run th\n+00009260: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 2762 6f6f 7427 e command 'boot'\n+00009270: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e (*note boot::).\n+00009280: 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 444f .. However, DO\n+00009290: 5320 616e 6420 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 6861 S and Windows ha\n+000092a0: 7665 2073 6f6d 6520 6465 6669 6369 656e ve some deficien\n+000092b0: 6369 6573 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 206d 6967 cies, so you mig\n+000092c0: 6874 2068 6176 6520 746f 0a75 7365 206d ht have to.use m\n+000092d0: 6f72 6520 636f 6d70 6c69 6361 7465 6420 ore complicated \n+000092e0: 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 202a instructions. *\n+000092f0: 4e6f 7465 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 Note DOS/Windows\n+00009300: 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a69 6e66 ::, for more.inf\n+00009310: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ormation.....Fil\n+00009320: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00009330: 6f64 653a 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 ode: Chain-loadi\n+00009340: 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 6f61 6469 ng, Prev: Loadi\n+00009350: 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 ng an operating \n+00009360: 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c system directly,\n+00009370: 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f Up: General bo\n+00009380: 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 0a0a 352e 312e ot methods..5.1.\n+00009390: 3220 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2 Chain-loading \n+000093a0: 616e 204f 530a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d an OS.----------\n+000093b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+000093c0: 0a4f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 .Operating syste\n+000093d0: 6d73 2074 6861 7420 646f 206e 6f74 2073 ms that do not s\n+000093e0: 7570 706f 7274 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 upport Multiboot\n+000093f0: 2061 6e64 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 and do not have\n+00009400: 2073 7065 6369 6669 630a 7375 7070 6f72 specific.suppor\n+00009410: 7420 696e 2047 5255 4220 2873 7065 6369 t in GRUB (speci\n+00009420: 6669 6320 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2061 fic support is a\n+00009430: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 204c 696e vailable for Lin\n+00009440: 7578 2c20 4672 6565 4253 442c 0a4e 6574 ux, FreeBSD,.Net\n+00009450: 4253 4420 616e 6420 4f70 656e 4253 4429 BSD and OpenBSD)\n+00009460: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2063 6861 696e 2d6c must be chain-l\n+00009470: 6f61 6465 642c 2077 6869 6368 2069 6e76 oaded, which inv\n+00009480: 6f6c 7665 7320 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e olves loading an\n+00009490: 6f74 6865 720a 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 other.boot loade\n+000094a0: 7220 616e 6420 6a75 6d70 696e 6720 746f r and jumping to\n+000094b0: 2069 7420 696e 2072 6561 6c20 6d6f 6465 it in real mode\n+000094c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 2763 6861 696e ... The 'chain\n+000094d0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 loader' command \n+000094e0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 (*note chainload\n+000094f0: 6572 3a3a 2920 6973 2075 7365 6420 746f er::) is used to\n+00009500: 2073 6574 2074 6869 730a 7570 2e20 2049 set this.up. I\n+00009510: 7420 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 616c t is normally al\n+00009520: 736f 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f20 so necessary to \n+00009530: 6c6f 6164 2073 6f6d 6520 4752 5542 206d load some GRUB m\n+00009540: 6f64 756c 6573 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 odules and set t\n+00009550: 6865 0a61 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2072 he.appropriate r\n+00009560: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2050 7574 oot device. Put\n+00009570: 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 746f 6765 7468 ting this togeth\n+00009580: 6572 2c20 7765 2067 6574 2073 6f6d 6574 er, we get somet\n+00009590: 6869 6e67 206c 696b 650a 7468 6973 2c20 hing like.this, \n+000095a0: 666f 7220 6120 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 7379 for a Windows sy\n+000095b0: 7374 656d 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 stem on the firs\n+000095c0: 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 t partition of t\n+000095d0: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 640a 6469 he first hard.di\n+000095e0: 736b 3a0a 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 sk:..menuentry \"\n+000095f0: 5769 6e64 6f77 7322 207b 0a09 696e 736d Windows\" {..insm\n+00009600: 6f64 2063 6861 696e 0a09 696e 736d 6f64 od chain..insmod\n+00009610: 206e 7466 730a 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d ntfs..set root=\n+00009620: 2868 6430 2c31 290a 0963 6861 696e 6c6f (hd0,1)..chainlo\n+00009630: 6164 6572 202b 310a 7d0a 0a20 2020 4f6e ader +1.}.. On\n+00009640: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6974 6820 6d75 systems with mu\n+00009650: 6c74 6970 6c65 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b ltiple hard disk\n+00009660: 732c 2061 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c s, an additional\n+00009670: 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 6d61 7920 workaround may \n+00009680: 6265 0a72 6571 7569 7265 642e 2020 2a4e be.required. *N\n+00009690: 6f74 6520 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a ote DOS/Windows:\n+000096a0: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 :... Chain-loa\n+000096b0: 6469 6e67 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 ding is only sup\n+000096c0: 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e20 5043 2042 494f ported on PC BIO\n+000096d0: 5320 616e 6420 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f S and EFI platfo\n+000096e0: 726d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 rms.....File: gr\n+000096f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00009700: 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 Loopback booting\n+00009710: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 564d 2063 6163 , Next: LVM cac\n+00009720: 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 he booting, Pre\n+00009730: 763a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 v: General boot \n+00009740: 6d65 7468 6f64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 426f methods, Up: Bo\n+00009750: 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e32 204c 6f6f 7062 oting..5.2 Loopb\n+00009760: 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 670a 3d3d 3d3d ack booting.====\n+00009770: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00009780: 0a0a 4752 5542 2069 7320 6162 6c65 2074 ..GRUB is able t\n+00009790: 6f20 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 616e 2069 o read from an i\n+000097a0: 6d61 6765 2028 6265 2069 7420 6f6e 6520 mage (be it one \n+000097b0: 6f66 2043 4420 6f72 2048 4444 2920 7374 of CD or HDD) st\n+000097c0: 6f72 6564 206f 6e0a 616e 7920 6f66 2069 ored on.any of i\n+000097d0: 7473 2061 6363 6573 7369 626c 6520 7374 ts accessible st\n+000097e0: 6f72 6167 6573 2028 7265 6665 7220 746f orages (refer to\n+000097f0: 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b3a *note loopback:\n+00009800: 3a20 636f 6d6d 616e 6429 2e0a 486f 7765 : command)..Howe\n+00009810: 7665 7220 7468 6520 4f53 2069 7473 656c ver the OS itsel\n+00009820: 6620 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6162 6c65 f should be able\n+00009830: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2069 7473 2072 6f6f to find its roo\n+00009840: 742e 2020 5468 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 t. This usually\n+00009850: 0a69 6e76 6f6c 7665 7320 7275 6e6e 696e .involves runnin\n+00009860: 6720 6120 7573 6572 7370 6163 6520 7072 g a userspace pr\n+00009870: 6f67 7261 6d20 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 6265 ogram running be\n+00009880: 666f 7265 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c20 726f fore the real ro\n+00009890: 6f74 2069 730a 6469 7363 6f76 6572 6564 ot is.discovered\n+000098a0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 6368 6965 . This is achie\n+000098b0: 7665 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6c6f 6164 ved by GRUB load\n+000098c0: 696e 6720 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c6c 7920 ing a specially \n+000098d0: 6d61 6465 2073 6d61 6c6c 0a69 6d61 6765 made small.image\n+000098e0: 2061 6e64 2070 6173 7369 6e67 2069 7420 and passing it \n+000098f0: 6173 2072 616d 6469 736b 2074 6f20 7468 as ramdisk to th\n+00009900: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e20 2054 6869 7320 e kernel. This \n+00009910: 6973 2061 6368 6965 7665 6420 6279 0a63 is achieved by.c\n+00009920: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 276b 6672 6565 6273 ommands 'kfreebs\n+00009930: 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 272c 2027 6b6e 6574 d_module', 'knet\n+00009940: 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 272c bsd_module_elf',\n+00009950: 2027 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 5f72 616d 6469 'kopenbsd_ramdi\n+00009960: 736b 272c 0a27 696e 6974 7264 2720 282a sk',.'initrd' (*\n+00009970: 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 2c20 note initrd::), \n+00009980: 2769 6e69 7472 6431 3627 2028 2a6e 6f74 'initrd16' (*not\n+00009990: 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292c 0a27 6d75 e initrd::),.'mu\n+000099a0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 745f 6d6f 6475 6c65 272c ltiboot_module',\n+000099b0: 2027 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 5f6d 6f64 'multiboot2_mod\n+000099c0: 756c 6527 206f 7220 2778 6e75 5f72 616d ule' or 'xnu_ram\n+000099d0: 6469 736b 2720 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 disk' depending \n+000099e0: 6f6e 0a74 6865 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 on.the loader. \n+000099f0: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 666f 7220 6b6e Note that for kn\n+00009a00: 6574 6273 6420 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 etbsd the image \n+00009a10: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7075 7420 696e 7369 must be put insi\n+00009a20: 6465 0a6d 696e 6972 6f6f 742e 6b6d 6f64 de.miniroot.kmod\n+00009a30: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 206d and the whole m\n+00009a40: 696e 6972 6f6f 742e 6b6d 6f64 2068 6173 iniroot.kmod has\n+00009a50: 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 to be loaded. \n+00009a60: 496e 206b 6f70 656e 6273 640a 7061 796c In kopenbsd.payl\n+00009a70: 6f61 6420 7468 6973 2069 7320 6469 7361 oad this is disa\n+00009a80: 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e bled by default.\n+00009a90: 2020 4164 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 6265 Aditionally be\n+00009aa0: 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2069 6e69 7469 haviour of initi\n+00009ab0: 616c 0a72 616d 6469 736b 2064 6570 656e al.ramdisk depen\n+00009ac0: 6473 206f 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 ds on command li\n+00009ad0: 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e20 2053 6576 ne options. Sev\n+00009ae0: 6572 616c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6f72 eral distributor\n+00009af0: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 650a 7468 6520 696d s provide.the im\n+00009b00: 6167 6520 666f 7220 7468 6973 2070 7572 age for this pur\n+00009b10: 706f 7365 206f 7220 6974 2773 2069 6e74 pose or it's int\n+00009b20: 6567 7261 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 6972 egrated in their\n+00009b30: 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 7261 6d64 6973 standard ramdis\n+00009b40: 6b0a 616e 6420 6163 7469 7661 7465 6420 k.and activated \n+00009b50: 6279 2073 7065 6369 616c 206f 7074 696f by special optio\n+00009b60: 6e2e 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 796f 7572 n. Consult your\n+00009b70: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 6469 7374 kernel and dist\n+00009b80: 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 0a6d 616e 7561 6c20 ribution.manual \n+00009b90: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 for more details\n+00009ba0: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 206c 6f61 6465 7273 . Other loaders\n+00009bb0: 206c 696b 6520 6170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 like appleloade\n+00009bc0: 722c 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 0a28 r, chainloader.(\n+00009bd0: 4249 4f53 2c20 4546 492c 2063 6f72 6562 BIOS, EFI, coreb\n+00009be0: 6f6f 7429 2c20 6672 6565 646f 732c 206e oot), freedos, n\n+00009bf0: 746c 6472 2061 6e64 2070 6c61 6e39 2070 tldr and plan9 p\n+00009c00: 726f 7669 6465 206e 6f20 706f 7373 6962 rovide no possib\n+00009c10: 696c 6974 790a 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 ility.of loading\n+00009c20: 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b initial ramdisk\n+00009c30: 2061 6e64 2061 7320 6661 7220 6173 2061 and as far as a\n+00009c40: 7574 686f 7220 6973 2061 7761 7265 2074 uthor is aware t\n+00009c50: 6865 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 696e 0a71 he payloads in.q\n+00009c60: 7565 7374 696f 6e20 646f 6e27 7420 7375 uestion don't su\n+00009c70: 7070 6f72 7420 6569 7468 6572 2069 6e69 pport either ini\n+00009c80: 7469 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b 206f 7220 tial ramdisk or \n+00009c90: 6469 7363 6f76 6572 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 discovering loop\n+00009ca0: 6261 636b 0a62 6f6f 7420 696e 206f 7468 back.boot in oth\n+00009cb0: 6572 2077 6179 2061 6e64 2061 7320 7375 er way and as su\n+00009cc0: 6368 206e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 ch not bootable \n+00009cd0: 7468 6973 2077 6179 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 this way. Pleas\n+00009ce0: 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 0a61 6c74 6572 e consider.alter\n+00009cf0: 6e61 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 native boot meth\n+00009d00: 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 2063 6f70 7969 6e67 ods like copying\n+00009d10: 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 all files from \n+00009d20: 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2061 6374 the image to act\n+00009d30: 7561 6c0a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 ual.partition. \n+00009d40: 436f 6e73 756c 7420 796f 7572 204f 5320 Consult your OS \n+00009d50: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f documentation fo\n+00009d60: 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 0a0a r more details..\n+00009d70: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00009d80: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 o, Node: LVM ca\n+00009d90: 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 che booting, Ne\n+00009da0: 7874 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 xt: OS-specific \n+00009db0: 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f notes, Prev: Lo\n+00009dc0: 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 opback booting, \n+00009dd0: 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e Up: Booting..5.\n+00009de0: 3320 426f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 204c 3 Booting from L\n+00009df0: 564d 2063 6163 6865 206c 6f67 6963 616c VM cache logical\n+00009e00: 2076 6f6c 756d 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d volume.========\n 00009e10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00009e20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00009e30: 0a54 6865 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 206c .The LVM cache l\n-00009e40: 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 6973 ogical volume is\n-00009e50: 2074 6865 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c the logical vol\n-00009e60: 756d 6520 636f 6e73 6973 7469 6e67 206f ume consisting o\n-00009e70: 6620 7468 650a 6f72 6967 696e 616c 2061 f the.original a\n-00009e80: 6e64 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2070 6f6f nd the cache poo\n-00009e90: 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 l logical volume\n-00009ea0: 2e20 2054 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 . The original \n-00009eb0: 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206f 6e0a 6120 is usually on.a \n-00009ec0: 6c61 7267 6572 2061 6e64 2073 6c6f 7765 larger and slowe\n-00009ed0: 7220 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 r storage device\n-00009ee0: 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 while the cache\n-00009ef0: 2070 6f6f 6c20 6973 206f 6e20 6120 736d pool is on a sm\n-00009f00: 616c 6c65 720a 616e 6420 6661 7374 6572 aller.and faster\n-00009f10: 206f 6e65 2e20 2054 6865 2070 6572 666f one. The perfo\n-00009f20: 726d 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6520 6f72 rmance of the or\n-00009f30: 6967 696e 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 6361 iginal volume ca\n-00009f40: 6e20 6265 2069 6d70 726f 7665 640a 6279 n be improved.by\n-00009f50: 2073 746f 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2066 7265 storing the fre\n-00009f60: 7175 656e 746c 7920 7573 6564 2064 6174 quently used dat\n-00009f70: 6120 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2070 a on the cache p\n-00009f80: 6f6f 6c20 746f 2075 7469 6c69 7a65 2074 ool to utilize t\n-00009f90: 6865 0a67 7265 6174 6572 2070 6572 666f he.greater perfo\n-00009fa0: 726d 616e 6365 206f 6620 6661 7374 6572 rmance of faster\n-00009fb0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 device... GRU\n-00009fc0: 4220 626f 6f74 7320 6672 6f6d 204c 564d B boots from LVM\n-00009fd0: 2063 6163 6865 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 cache logical v\n-00009fe0: 6f6c 756d 6520 6d65 7265 6c79 2062 7920 olume merely by \n-00009ff0: 7265 6164 696e 6720 6974 2773 0a6f 7269 reading it's.ori\n-0000a000: 6769 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f ginal logical vo\n-0000a010: 6c75 6d65 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2064 6972 lume so that dir\n-0000a020: 7479 2064 6174 6120 696e 2063 6163 6865 ty data in cache\n-0000a030: 2070 6f6f 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 730a pool volume is.\n-0000a040: 6469 7372 6567 6172 6465 642e 2020 5468 disregarded. Th\n-0000a050: 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6120 7072 6f62 is is not a prob\n-0000a060: 6c65 6d20 666f 7220 2277 7269 7465 7468 lem for \"writeth\n-0000a070: 726f 7567 6822 2063 6163 6865 206d 6f64 rough\" cache mod\n-0000a080: 6520 6173 2069 740a 656e 7375 7265 7320 e as it.ensures \n-0000a090: 7468 6174 2061 6e79 2064 6174 6120 7772 that any data wr\n-0000a0a0: 6974 7465 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7374 itten will be st\n-0000a0b0: 6f72 6564 2062 6f74 6820 6f6e 2074 6865 ored both on the\n-0000a0c0: 2063 6163 6865 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a6f cache and the.o\n-0000a0d0: 7269 6769 6e20 4c56 2e20 466f 7220 7468 rigin LV. For th\n-0000a0e0: 6520 6f74 6865 7220 6361 6368 6520 6d6f e other cache mo\n-0000a0f0: 6465 2022 7772 6974 6562 6163 6b22 2c20 de \"writeback\", \n-0000a100: 7768 6963 6820 6465 6c61 7973 2077 7269 which delays wri\n-0000a110: 7469 6e67 0a66 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6361 ting.from the ca\n-0000a120: 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2062 6163 6b20 746f che pool back to\n-0000a130: 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e20 4c56 2074 the origin LV t\n-0000a140: 6f20 626f 6f73 7420 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 o boost performa\n-0000a150: 6e63 652c 2047 5255 4220 6d61 790a 6661 nce, GRUB may.fa\n-0000a160: 696c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 7468 il to boot in th\n-0000a170: 6520 7761 6b65 206f 6620 6163 6369 6465 e wake of accide\n-0000a180: 6e74 616c 2070 6f77 6572 206f 7574 6167 ntal power outag\n-0000a190: 6520 6475 6520 746f 2069 7427 730a 696e e due to it's.in\n-0000a1a0: 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 2061 7373 656d ability to assem\n-0000a1b0: 626c 6520 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 6465 ble the cache de\n-0000a1c0: 7669 6365 2066 6f72 2072 6561 6469 6e67 vice for reading\n-0000a1d0: 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 6420 6469 the required di\n-0000a1e0: 7274 790a 6461 7461 206c 6566 7420 6265 rty.data left be\n-0000a1f0: 6869 6e64 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6974 7561 hind. The situa\n-0000a200: 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6d70 tion will be imp\n-0000a210: 726f 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 6164 6469 roved after addi\n-0000a220: 6e67 2066 756c 6c0a 7375 7070 6f72 7420 ng full.support \n-0000a230: 746f 2074 6865 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 to the LVM cache\n-0000a240: 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 logical volume \n-0000a250: 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a in the future...\n-0000a260: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0000a270: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 o, Node: OS-spe\n-0000a280: 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5072 cific notes, Pr\n-0000a290: 6576 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f ev: LVM cache bo\n-0000a2a0: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 oting, Up: Boot\n-0000a2b0: 696e 670a 0a35 2e34 2053 6f6d 6520 6361 ing..5.4 Some ca\n-0000a2c0: 7665 6174 7320 6f6e 204f 532d 7370 6563 veats on OS-spec\n-0000a2d0: 6966 6963 2069 7373 7565 730a 3d3d 3d3d ific issues.====\n+00009e20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00009e30: 3d0a 0a54 6865 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 =..The LVM cache\n+00009e40: 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 logical volume \n+00009e50: 6973 2074 6865 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 is the logical v\n+00009e60: 6f6c 756d 6520 636f 6e73 6973 7469 6e67 olume consisting\n+00009e70: 206f 6620 7468 650a 6f72 6967 696e 616c of the.original\n+00009e80: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2070 and the cache p\n+00009e90: 6f6f 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 ool logical volu\n+00009ea0: 6d65 2e20 2054 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 me. The origina\n+00009eb0: 6c20 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206f 6e0a l is usually on.\n+00009ec0: 6120 6c61 7267 6572 2061 6e64 2073 6c6f a larger and slo\n+00009ed0: 7765 7220 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 wer storage devi\n+00009ee0: 6365 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 2063 6163 ce while the cac\n+00009ef0: 6865 2070 6f6f 6c20 6973 206f 6e20 6120 he pool is on a \n+00009f00: 736d 616c 6c65 720a 616e 6420 6661 7374 smaller.and fast\n+00009f10: 6572 206f 6e65 2e20 2054 6865 2070 6572 er one. The per\n+00009f20: 666f 726d 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6520 formance of the \n+00009f30: 6f72 6967 696e 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 original volume \n+00009f40: 6361 6e20 6265 2069 6d70 726f 7665 640a can be improved.\n+00009f50: 6279 2073 746f 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2066 by storing the f\n+00009f60: 7265 7175 656e 746c 7920 7573 6564 2064 requently used d\n+00009f70: 6174 6120 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 ata on the cache\n+00009f80: 2070 6f6f 6c20 746f 2075 7469 6c69 7a65 pool to utilize\n+00009f90: 2074 6865 0a67 7265 6174 6572 2070 6572 the.greater per\n+00009fa0: 666f 726d 616e 6365 206f 6620 6661 7374 formance of fast\n+00009fb0: 6572 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 er device... G\n+00009fc0: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 7320 6672 6f6d 204c RUB boots from L\n+00009fd0: 564d 2063 6163 6865 206c 6f67 6963 616c VM cache logical\n+00009fe0: 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 6d65 7265 6c79 2062 volume merely b\n+00009ff0: 7920 7265 6164 696e 6720 6974 2773 0a6f y reading it's.o\n+0000a000: 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 riginal logical \n+0000a010: 766f 6c75 6d65 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2064 volume so that d\n+0000a020: 6972 7479 2064 6174 6120 696e 2063 6163 irty data in cac\n+0000a030: 6865 2070 6f6f 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 he pool volume i\n+0000a040: 730a 6469 7372 6567 6172 6465 642e 2020 s.disregarded. \n+0000a050: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6120 7072 This is not a pr\n+0000a060: 6f62 6c65 6d20 666f 7220 2277 7269 7465 oblem for \"write\n+0000a070: 7468 726f 7567 6822 2063 6163 6865 206d through\" cache m\n+0000a080: 6f64 6520 6173 2069 740a 656e 7375 7265 ode as it.ensure\n+0000a090: 7320 7468 6174 2061 6e79 2064 6174 6120 s that any data \n+0000a0a0: 7772 6974 7465 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 written will be \n+0000a0b0: 7374 6f72 6564 2062 6f74 6820 6f6e 2074 stored both on t\n+0000a0c0: 6865 2063 6163 6865 2061 6e64 2074 6865 he cache and the\n+0000a0d0: 0a6f 7269 6769 6e20 4c56 2e20 466f 7220 .origin LV. For \n+0000a0e0: 7468 6520 6f74 6865 7220 6361 6368 6520 the other cache \n+0000a0f0: 6d6f 6465 2022 7772 6974 6562 6163 6b22 mode \"writeback\"\n+0000a100: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6465 6c61 7973 2077 , which delays w\n+0000a110: 7269 7469 6e67 0a66 726f 6d20 7468 6520 riting.from the \n+0000a120: 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2062 6163 6b20 cache pool back \n+0000a130: 746f 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e20 4c56 to the origin LV\n+0000a140: 2074 6f20 626f 6f73 7420 7065 7266 6f72 to boost perfor\n+0000a150: 6d61 6e63 652c 2047 5255 4220 6d61 790a mance, GRUB may.\n+0000a160: 6661 696c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 fail to boot in \n+0000a170: 7468 6520 7761 6b65 206f 6620 6163 6369 the wake of acci\n+0000a180: 6465 6e74 616c 2070 6f77 6572 206f 7574 dental power out\n+0000a190: 6167 6520 6475 6520 746f 2069 7427 730a age due to it's.\n+0000a1a0: 696e 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 2061 7373 inability to ass\n+0000a1b0: 656d 626c 6520 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 emble the cache \n+0000a1c0: 6465 7669 6365 2066 6f72 2072 6561 6469 device for readi\n+0000a1d0: 6e67 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 6420 ng the required \n+0000a1e0: 6469 7274 790a 6461 7461 206c 6566 7420 dirty.data left \n+0000a1f0: 6265 6869 6e64 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6974 behind. The sit\n+0000a200: 7561 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 uation will be i\n+0000a210: 6d70 726f 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 6164 mproved after ad\n+0000a220: 6469 6e67 2066 756c 6c0a 7375 7070 6f72 ding full.suppor\n+0000a230: 7420 746f 2074 6865 204c 564d 2063 6163 t to the LVM cac\n+0000a240: 6865 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d he logical volum\n+0000a250: 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e e in the future.\n+0000a260: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0000a270: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 nfo, Node: OS-s\n+0000a280: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 pecific notes, \n+0000a290: 5072 6576 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 Prev: LVM cache \n+0000a2a0: 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f booting, Up: Bo\n+0000a2b0: 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e34 2053 6f6d 6520 oting..5.4 Some \n+0000a2c0: 6361 7665 6174 7320 6f6e 204f 532d 7370 caveats on OS-sp\n+0000a2d0: 6563 6966 6963 2069 7373 7565 730a 3d3d ecific issues.==\n 0000a2e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0000a2f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a300: 3d3d 0a0a 4865 7265 2c20 7765 2064 6573 ==..Here, we des\n-0000a310: 6372 6962 6520 736f 6d65 2063 6176 6561 cribe some cavea\n-0000a320: 7473 206f 6e20 7365 7665 7261 6c20 6f70 ts on several op\n-0000a330: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732e erating systems.\n-0000a340: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 4e55 ..* Menu:..* GNU\n-0000a350: 2f48 7572 643a 3a0a 2a20 474e 552f 4c69 /Hurd::.* GNU/Li\n-0000a360: 6e75 783a 3a0a 2a20 4e65 7442 5344 3a3a nux::.* NetBSD::\n-0000a370: 0a2a 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 3a3a .* DOS/Windows::\n-0000a380: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0000a390: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e 552f nfo, Node: GNU/\n-0000a3a0: 4875 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2047 4e55 Hurd, Next: GNU\n-0000a3b0: 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d /Linux, Up: OS-\n-0000a3c0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a specific notes..\n-0000a3d0: 352e 342e 3120 474e 552f 4875 7264 0a2d 5.4.1 GNU/Hurd.-\n-0000a3e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a53 -------------..S\n-0000a3f0: 696e 6365 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6420 6973 ince GNU/Hurd is\n-0000a400: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c Multiboot-compl\n-0000a410: 6961 6e74 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6561 7379 iant, it is easy\n-0000a420: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 743b 2074 6865 to boot it; the\n-0000a430: 7265 2069 730a 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7370 re is.nothing sp\n-0000a440: 6563 6961 6c20 6162 6f75 7420 6974 2e20 ecial about it. \n-0000a450: 2042 7574 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 666f 7267 But do not forg\n-0000a460: 6574 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6861 7665 et that you have\n-0000a470: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 610a 726f to specify a.ro\n-0000a480: 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 ot partition to \n-0000a490: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 0a20 2031 the kernel... 1\n-0000a4a0: 2e20 5365 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f . Set GRUB's roo\n-0000a4b0: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 t device to the \n-0000a4c0: 7361 6d65 2064 7269 7665 2061 7320 474e same drive as GN\n-0000a4d0: 552f 4875 7264 2773 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 U/Hurd's. The. \n-0000a4e0: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 2773 6561 command 'sea\n-0000a4f0: 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d rch --set=root -\n-0000a500: 2d66 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 676e 756d -file /boot/gnum\n-0000a510: 6163 682e 677a 2720 6f72 2073 696d 696c ach.gz' or simil\n-0000a520: 6172 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6865 6c70 ar may. help\n-0000a530: 2079 6f75 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 6172 you (*note sear\n-0000a540: 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 ch::)... 2. Loa\n-0000a550: 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 d the kernel and\n-0000a560: 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 6c69 the modules, li\n-0000a570: 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 ke this:.. \n-0000a580: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d75 6c74 6962 grub> multib\n-0000a590: 6f6f 7420 2f62 6f6f 742f 676e 756d 6163 oot /boot/gnumac\n-0000a5a0: 682e 677a 2072 6f6f 743d 6465 7669 6365 h.gz root=device\n-0000a5b0: 3a68 6430 7331 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 :hd0s1. \n-0000a5c0: 2067 7275 623e 206d 6f64 756c 6520 202f grub> module /\n-0000a5d0: 6875 7264 2f65 7874 3266 732e 7374 6174 hurd/ext2fs.stat\n-0000a5e0: 6963 2065 7874 3266 7320 2d2d 7265 6164 ic ext2fs --read\n-0000a5f0: 6f6e 6c79 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 only \\. \n+0000a300: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4865 7265 2c20 7765 2064 ====..Here, we d\n+0000a310: 6573 6372 6962 6520 736f 6d65 2063 6176 escribe some cav\n+0000a320: 6561 7473 206f 6e20 7365 7665 7261 6c20 eats on several \n+0000a330: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+0000a340: 732e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 s...* Menu:..* G\n+0000a350: 4e55 2f48 7572 643a 3a0a 2a20 474e 552f NU/Hurd::.* GNU/\n+0000a360: 4c69 6e75 783a 3a0a 2a20 4e65 7442 5344 Linux::.* NetBSD\n+0000a370: 3a3a 0a2a 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 ::.* DOS/Windows\n+0000a380: 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ::....File: grub\n+0000a390: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e .info, Node: GN\n+0000a3a0: 552f 4875 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2047 U/Hurd, Next: G\n+0000a3b0: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 703a 204f NU/Linux, Up: O\n+0000a3c0: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n+0000a3d0: 0a0a 352e 342e 3120 474e 552f 4875 7264 ..5.4.1 GNU/Hurd\n+0000a3e0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n+0000a3f0: 0a53 696e 6365 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6420 .Since GNU/Hurd \n+0000a400: 6973 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d is Multiboot-com\n+0000a410: 706c 6961 6e74 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6561 pliant, it is ea\n+0000a420: 7379 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 743b 2074 sy to boot it; t\n+0000a430: 6865 7265 2069 730a 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 here is.nothing \n+0000a440: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6162 6f75 7420 6974 special about it\n+0000a450: 2e20 2042 7574 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 666f . But do not fo\n+0000a460: 7267 6574 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6861 rget that you ha\n+0000a470: 7665 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 610a ve to specify a.\n+0000a480: 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 root partition t\n+0000a490: 6f20 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 0a20 o the kernel... \n+0000a4a0: 2031 2e20 5365 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 1. Set GRUB's r\n+0000a4b0: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 7468 oot device to th\n+0000a4c0: 6520 7361 6d65 2064 7269 7665 2061 7320 e same drive as \n+0000a4d0: 474e 552f 4875 7264 2773 2e20 2054 6865 GNU/Hurd's. The\n+0000a4e0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 2773 . command 's\n+0000a4f0: 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 earch --set=root\n+0000a500: 202d 2d66 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 676e --file /boot/gn\n+0000a510: 756d 6163 682e 677a 2720 6f72 2073 696d umach.gz' or sim\n+0000a520: 696c 6172 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6865 ilar may. he\n+0000a530: 6c70 2079 6f75 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 lp you (*note se\n+0000a540: 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 322e 204c arch::)... 2. L\n+0000a550: 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2061 oad the kernel a\n+0000a560: 6e64 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 nd the modules, \n+0000a570: 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 like this:.. \n+0000a580: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d75 6c74 grub> mult\n+0000a590: 6962 6f6f 7420 2f62 6f6f 742f 676e 756d iboot /boot/gnum\n+0000a5a0: 6163 682e 677a 2072 6f6f 743d 6465 7669 ach.gz root=devi\n+0000a5b0: 6365 3a68 6430 7331 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ce:hd0s1. \n+0000a5c0: 2020 2067 7275 623e 206d 6f64 756c 6520 grub> module \n+0000a5d0: 202f 6875 7264 2f65 7874 3266 732e 7374 /hurd/ext2fs.st\n+0000a5e0: 6174 6963 2065 7874 3266 7320 2d2d 7265 atic ext2fs --re\n+0000a5f0: 6164 6f6e 6c79 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 adonly \\. \n 0000a600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a610: 2020 2020 2d2d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d --multiboot-\n-0000a620: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 3d27 247b command-line='${\n-0000a630: 6b65 726e 656c 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c kernel-command-l\n-0000a640: 696e 657d 2720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ine}' \\. \n+0000a610: 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f --multiboo\n+0000a620: 742d 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 3d27 t-command-line='\n+0000a630: 247b 6b65 726e 656c 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ${kernel-command\n+0000a640: 2d6c 696e 657d 2720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 -line}' \\. \n 0000a650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a660: 2020 2020 202d 2d68 6f73 742d 7072 6976 --host-priv\n-0000a670: 2d70 6f72 743d 2724 7b68 6f73 742d 706f -port='${host-po\n-0000a680: 7274 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rt}' \\. \n+0000a660: 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d68 6f73 742d 7072 --host-pr\n+0000a670: 6976 2d70 6f72 743d 2724 7b68 6f73 742d iv-port='${host-\n+0000a680: 706f 7274 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 port}' \\. \n 0000a690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a6a0: 2020 2020 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 2d6d 6173 --device-mas\n-0000a6b0: 7465 722d 706f 7274 3d27 247b 6465 7669 ter-port='${devi\n-0000a6c0: 6365 2d70 6f72 747d 2720 5c0a 2020 2020 ce-port}' \\. \n+0000a6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 2d6d --device-m\n+0000a6b0: 6173 7465 722d 706f 7274 3d27 247b 6465 aster-port='${de\n+0000a6c0: 7669 6365 2d70 6f72 747d 2720 5c0a 2020 vice-port}' \\. \n 0000a6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a6e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d65 7865 632d --exec-\n-0000a6f0: 7365 7276 6572 2d74 6173 6b3d 2724 7b65 server-task='${e\n-0000a700: 7865 632d 7461 736b 7d27 202d 5420 7479 xec-task}' -T ty\n-0000a710: 7065 6420 2724 7b72 6f6f 747d 2720 5c0a ped '${root}' \\.\n-0000a720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2027 2428 '$(\n-0000a740: 7461 736b 2d63 7265 6174 6529 2720 2724 task-create)' '$\n-0000a750: 2874 6173 6b2d 7265 7375 6d65 2927 0a20 (task-resume)'. \n-0000a760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206d grub> m\n-0000a770: 6f64 756c 6520 2f6c 6962 2f6c 642e 736f odule /lib/ld.so\n-0000a780: 2e31 2065 7865 6320 2f68 7572 642f 6578 .1 exec /hurd/ex\n-0000a790: 6563 2027 2428 6578 6563 2d74 6173 6b3d ec '$(exec-task=\n-0000a7a0: 7461 736b 2d63 7265 6174 6529 270a 0a20 task-create)'.. \n-0000a7b0: 2033 2e20 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 2072 756e 3. Finally, run\n-0000a7c0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 626f the command 'bo\n-0000a7d0: 6f74 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f 743a ot' (*note boot:\n-0000a7e0: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n-0000a7f0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 b.info, Node: G\n-0000a800: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 204e 6578 743a NU/Linux, Next:\n-0000a810: 204e 6574 4253 442c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 NetBSD, Prev: \n-0000a820: 474e 552f 4875 7264 2c20 2055 703a 204f GNU/Hurd, Up: O\n-0000a830: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n-0000a840: 0a0a 352e 342e 3220 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 ..5.4.2 GNU/Linu\n-0000a850: 780a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d x.--------------\n-0000a860: 2d0a 0a49 7420 6973 2072 656c 6174 6976 -..It is relativ\n-0000a870: 656c 7920 6561 7379 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 ely easy to boot\n-0000a880: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2066 726f 6d20 GNU/Linux from \n-0000a890: 4752 5542 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 6974 GRUB, because it\n-0000a8a0: 2073 6f6d 6577 6861 740a 7265 7365 6d62 somewhat.resemb\n-0000a8b0: 6c65 7320 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6120 4d75 les to boot a Mu\n-0000a8c0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e ltiboot-complian\n-0000a8d0: 7420 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 5365 7420 t OS... 1. Set \n-0000a8e0: 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 GRUB's root devi\n-0000a8f0: 6365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2064 ce to the same d\n-0000a900: 7269 7665 2061 7320 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 rive as GNU/Linu\n-0000a910: 7827 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2063 x's. The. c\n-0000a920: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 7365 6172 6368 202d ommand 'search -\n-0000a930: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6669 6c65 -set=root --file\n-0000a940: 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a27 206f 7220 7369 /vmlinuz' or si\n-0000a950: 6d69 6c61 7220 6d61 7920 6865 6c70 2079 milar may help y\n-0000a960: 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 ou. (*note s\n-0000a970: 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2032 2e20 earch::)... 2. \n-0000a980: 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 Load the kernel \n-0000a990: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e using the comman\n-0000a9a0: 6420 276c 696e 7578 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 d 'linux' (*note\n-0000a9b0: 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 293a 0a0a 2020 2020 linux::):.. \n-0000a9c0: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 grub> linu\n-0000a9d0: 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d x /vmlinuz root=\n-0000a9e0: 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 310a 0a20 2020 2020 /dev/sda1.. \n-0000a9f0: 4966 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 If you need to s\n-0000aa00: 7065 6369 6679 2073 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e pecify some kern\n-0000aa10: 656c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 732c 206a el parameters, j\n-0000aa20: 7573 7420 6170 7065 6e64 2074 6865 6d20 ust append them \n-0000aa30: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f 6d6d to. the comm\n-0000aa40: 616e 642e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c and. For exampl\n-0000aa50: 652c 2074 6f20 7365 7420 2761 6370 6927 e, to set 'acpi'\n-0000aa60: 2074 6f20 276f 6666 272c 2064 6f20 7468 to 'off', do th\n-0000aa70: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 is:.. g\n-0000aa80: 7275 623e 206c 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 rub> linux /vmli\n-0000aa90: 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f 7364 nuz root=/dev/sd\n-0000aaa0: 6131 2061 6370 693d 6f66 660a 0a20 2020 a1 acpi=off.. \n-0000aab0: 2020 5365 6520 7468 6520 646f 6375 6d65 See the docume\n-0000aac0: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2074 6865 204c ntation in the L\n-0000aad0: 696e 7578 2073 6f75 7263 6520 7472 6565 inux source tree\n-0000aae0: 2066 6f72 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 650a 2020 for complete. \n-0000aaf0: 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f information o\n-0000ab00: 6e20 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 n the available \n-0000ab10: 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 options... W\n-0000ab20: 6974 6820 276c 696e 7578 2720 4752 5542 ith 'linux' GRUB\n-0000ab30: 2075 7365 7320 3332 2d62 6974 2070 726f uses 32-bit pro\n-0000ab40: 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 536f 6d65 2042 494f tocol. Some BIO\n-0000ab50: 5320 7365 7276 6963 6573 206c 696b 650a S services like.\n-0000ab60: 2020 2020 2041 504d 206f 7220 4544 4420 APM or EDD \n-0000ab70: 6172 656e 2774 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 aren't available\n-0000ab80: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6973 2070 726f 746f with this proto\n-0000ab90: 636f 6c2e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 col. In this ca\n-0000aba0: 7365 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 6564 se you. need\n-0000abb0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 276c 696e 7578 3136 to use 'linux16\n-0000abc0: 270a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 '.. gru\n-0000abd0: 623e 206c 696e 7578 3136 202f 766d 6c69 b> linux16 /vmli\n-0000abe0: 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f 7364 nuz root=/dev/sd\n-0000abf0: 6131 2061 6370 693d 6f66 660a 0a20 2033 a1 acpi=off.. 3\n-0000ac00: 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 2075 7365 2061 6e20 . If you use an \n-0000ac10: 696e 6974 7264 2c20 6578 6563 7574 6520 initrd, execute \n-0000ac20: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 2769 6e69 the command 'ini\n-0000ac30: 7472 6427 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 trd' (*note init\n-0000ac40: 7264 3a3a 290a 2020 2020 2061 6674 6572 rd::). after\n-0000ac50: 2027 6c69 6e75 7827 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 'linux':.. \n-0000ac60: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e69 7472 grub> initr\n-0000ac70: 6420 2f69 6e69 7472 640a 0a20 2020 2020 d /initrd.. \n-0000ac80: 4966 2079 6f75 2075 7365 6420 276c 696e If you used 'lin\n-0000ac90: 7578 3136 2720 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 ux16' you need t\n-0000aca0: 6f20 7573 6520 2769 6e69 7472 6431 3627 o use 'initrd16'\n-0000acb0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n-0000acc0: 623e 2069 6e69 7472 6431 3620 2f69 6e69 b> initrd16 /ini\n-0000acd0: 7472 640a 0a20 2034 2e20 4669 6e61 6c6c trd.. 4. Finall\n-0000ace0: 792c 2072 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 y, run the comma\n-0000acf0: 6e64 2027 626f 6f74 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 nd 'boot' (*note\n-0000ad00: 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c boot::).....Fil\n-0000ad10: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0000ad20: 6f64 653a 204e 6574 4253 442c 2020 4e65 ode: NetBSD, Ne\n-0000ad30: 7874 3a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732c xt: DOS/Windows,\n-0000ad40: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 Prev: GNU/Linu\n-0000ad50: 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 x, Up: OS-speci\n-0000ad60: 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e33 fic notes..5.4.3\n-0000ad70: 204e 6574 4253 440a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d NetBSD.--------\n-0000ad80: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 426f 6f74 696e 6720 6120 ----..Booting a \n-0000ad90: 4e65 7442 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6672 NetBSD kernel fr\n-0000ada0: 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 om GRUB is also \n-0000adb0: 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2065 6173 793a relatively easy:\n-0000adc0: 2066 6972 7374 2073 6574 0a47 5255 4227 first set.GRUB'\n-0000add0: 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 652c 2074 s root device, t\n-0000ade0: 6865 6e20 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 206b 6572 hen load the ker\n-0000adf0: 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 nel and the modu\n-0000ae00: 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2066 696e 616c 6c79 les, and finally\n-0000ae10: 0a72 756e 2027 626f 6f74 272e 0a0a 2020 .run 'boot'... \n-0000ae20: 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 1. Set GRUB's ro\n-0000ae30: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 ot device to the\n-0000ae40: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2068 6f6c 6469 partition holdi\n-0000ae50: 6e67 2074 6865 204e 6574 4253 4420 726f ng the NetBSD ro\n-0000ae60: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 ot. file sys\n-0000ae70: 7465 6d2e 2020 466f 7220 6120 6469 736b tem. For a disk\n-0000ae80: 2077 6974 6820 6120 4e65 7442 5344 2064 with a NetBSD d\n-0000ae90: 6973 6b20 6c61 6265 6c2c 2074 6869 7320 isk label, this \n-0000aea0: 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 is usually. \n-0000aeb0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 the first partit\n-0000aec0: 696f 6e20 2861 3a29 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 ion (a:). In th\n-0000aed0: 6174 2063 6173 652c 2061 6e64 2061 7373 at case, and ass\n-0000aee0: 756d 696e 6720 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a20 uming that the. \n-0000aef0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6973 partition is\n-0000af00: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 on the first ha\n-0000af10: 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2073 6574 2047 5255 rd disk, set GRU\n-0000af20: 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 B's root device \n-0000af30: 6173 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a as. follows:\n-0000af40: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n-0000af50: 3e20 696e 736d 6f64 2070 6172 745f 6273 > insmod part_bs\n-0000af60: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 d. grub\n-0000af70: 3e20 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c > set root=(hd0,\n-0000af80: 6e65 7462 7364 3129 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 netbsd1).. F\n-0000af90: 6f72 2061 2064 6973 6b20 7769 7468 2061 or a disk with a\n-0000afa0: 2047 5549 4420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 GUID Partition \n-0000afb0: 5461 626c 6520 2847 5054 292c 2061 6e64 Table (GPT), and\n-0000afc0: 2061 7373 756d 696e 6720 7468 6174 2074 assuming that t\n-0000afd0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4e65 7442 5344 2072 he. NetBSD r\n-0000afe0: 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6973 oot partition is\n-0000aff0: 2074 6865 2074 6869 7264 2047 5054 2070 the third GPT p\n-0000b000: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 646f 2074 6869 artition, do thi\n-0000b010: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 s:.. gr\n-0000b020: 7562 3e20 696e 736d 6f64 2070 6172 745f ub> insmod part_\n-0000b030: 6770 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 gpt. gr\n-0000b040: 7562 3e20 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 ub> set root=(hd\n-0000b050: 302c 6770 7433 290a 0a20 2032 2e20 4c6f 0,gpt3).. 2. Lo\n-0000b060: 6164 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7573 ad the kernel us\n-0000b070: 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ing the command \n-0000b080: 276b 6e65 7462 7364 273a 0a0a 2020 2020 'knetbsd':.. \n-0000b090: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 grub> knet\n-0000b0a0: 6273 6420 2f6e 6574 6273 640a 0a20 2020 bsd /netbsd.. \n-0000b0b0: 2020 5661 7269 6f75 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e Various option\n-0000b0c0: 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2067 6976 656e 2074 s may be given t\n-0000b0d0: 6f20 276b 6e65 7462 7364 272e 2020 5468 o 'knetbsd'. Th\n-0000b0e0: 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 652c ese options are,\n-0000b0f0: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6d6f for. the mo\n-0000b100: 7374 2070 6172 742c 2074 6865 2073 616d st part, the sam\n-0000b110: 6520 6173 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4e65 7442 e as in the NetB\n-0000b120: 5344 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 SD boot loader. \n-0000b130: 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 616e For. instan\n-0000b140: 6365 2c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 ce, to boot the \n-0000b150: 7379 7374 656d 2069 6e20 7369 6e67 6c65 system in single\n-0000b160: 2d75 7365 7220 6d6f 6465 2061 6e64 2077 -user mode and w\n-0000b170: 6974 6820 7665 7262 6f73 650a 2020 2020 ith verbose. \n-0000b180: 206d 6573 7361 6765 732c 2064 6f20 7468 messages, do th\n-0000b190: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 is:.. g\n-0000b1a0: 7275 623e 206b 6e65 7462 7364 202f 6e65 rub> knetbsd /ne\n-0000b1b0: 7462 7364 202d 7320 2d76 0a0a 2020 332e tbsd -s -v.. 3.\n-0000b1c0: 2049 6620 6e65 6564 6564 2c20 6c6f 6164 If needed, load\n-0000b1d0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 kernel modules \n-0000b1e0: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 with the command\n-0000b1f0: 0a20 2020 2020 276b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d . 'knetbsd_m\n-0000b200: 6f64 756c 655f 656c 6627 2e20 2041 2074 odule_elf'. A t\n-0000b210: 7970 6963 616c 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 ypical example i\n-0000b220: 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 s the module for\n-0000b230: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 the root. f\n-0000b240: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 3a0a 0a20 2020 ile system:.. \n-0000b250: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206b 6e65 grub> kne\n-0000b260: 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c 6620 tbsd_module_elf \n-0000b270: 2f73 7461 6e64 2f61 6d64 3634 2f36 2e30 /stand/amd64/6.0\n-0000b280: 2f6d 6f64 756c 6573 2f66 6673 2f66 6673 /modules/ffs/ffs\n-0000b290: 2e6b 6d6f 640a 0a20 2034 2e20 4669 6e61 .kmod.. 4. Fina\n-0000b2a0: 6c6c 792c 2072 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d lly, run the com\n-0000b2b0: 6d61 6e64 2027 626f 6f74 2720 282a 6e6f mand 'boot' (*no\n-0000b2c0: 7465 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 te boot::).....F\n-0000b2d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0000b2e0: 204e 6f64 653a 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f Node: DOS/Windo\n-0000b2f0: 7773 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204e 6574 4253 ws, Prev: NetBS\n-0000b300: 442c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 D, Up: OS-speci\n-0000b310: 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e34 fic notes..5.4.4\n-0000b320: 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 0a2d 2d2d DOS/Windows.---\n-0000b330: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0000b340: 4752 5542 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 626f 6f74 GRUB cannot boot\n-0000b350: 2044 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 DOS or Windows \n-0000b360: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 directly, so you\n-0000b370: 206d 7573 7420 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 must chain-load\n-0000b380: 2074 6865 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6861 them.(*note Cha\n-0000b390: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 3a3a 292e 2020 in-loading::). \n-0000b3a0: 486f 7765 7665 722c 2074 6865 6972 2062 However, their b\n-0000b3b0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6861 7665 oot loaders have\n-0000b3c0: 2073 6f6d 6520 6372 6974 6963 616c 0a64 some critical.d\n-0000b3d0: 6566 6963 6965 6e63 6965 732c 2073 6f20 eficiencies, so \n-0000b3e0: 6974 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2077 6f72 6b20 it may not work \n-0000b3f0: 746f 206a 7573 7420 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f to just chain-lo\n-0000b400: 6164 2074 6865 6d2e 2020 546f 206f 7665 ad them. To ove\n-0000b410: 7263 6f6d 650a 7468 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 rcome.the proble\n-0000b420: 6d73 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 ms, GRUB provide\n-0000b430: 7320 796f 7520 7769 7468 2074 776f 2068 s you with two h\n-0000b440: 656c 7065 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e elper functions.\n-0000b450: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 .. If you have\n-0000b460: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2044 4f53 2028 installed DOS (\n-0000b470: 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 6f6e 2061 or Windows) on a\n-0000b480: 206e 6f6e 2d66 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 non-first hard \n-0000b490: 6469 736b 2c20 796f 750a 6861 7665 2074 disk, you.have t\n-0000b4a0: 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 6469 736b 2073 o use the disk s\n-0000b4b0: 7761 7070 696e 6720 7465 6368 6e69 7175 wapping techniqu\n-0000b4c0: 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6861 7420 e, because that \n-0000b4d0: 4f53 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 626f 6f74 0a66 OS cannot boot.f\n-0000b4e0: 726f 6d20 616e 7920 6469 736b 7320 6275 rom any disks bu\n-0000b4f0: 7420 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6f6e 652e t the first one.\n-0000b500: 2020 5468 6520 776f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 The workaround\n-0000b510: 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 4220 6973 used in GRUB is\n-0000b520: 2074 6865 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 6472 the.command 'dr\n-0000b530: 6976 656d 6170 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2064 ivemap' (*note d\n-0000b540: 7269 7665 6d61 703a 3a29 2c20 6c69 6b65 rivemap::), like\n-0000b550: 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2064 7269 this:.. dri\n-0000b560: 7665 6d61 7020 2d73 2028 6864 3029 2028 vemap -s (hd0) (\n-0000b570: 6864 3129 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7065 hd1).. This pe\n-0000b580: 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 2022 7669 7274 7561 rforms a \"virtua\n-0000b590: 6c22 2073 7761 7020 6265 7477 6565 6e20 l\" swap between \n-0000b5a0: 796f 7572 2066 6972 7374 2061 6e64 2073 your first and s\n-0000b5b0: 6563 6f6e 6420 6861 7264 0a64 7269 7665 econd hard.drive\n-0000b5c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a ... *Caution:*\n-0000b5d0: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2065 6666 6563 7469 This is effecti\n-0000b5e0: 7665 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2044 4f53 2028 ve only if DOS (\n-0000b5f0: 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 7573 6573 or Windows) uses\n-0000b600: 2042 494f 5320 746f 0a61 6363 6573 7320 BIOS to.access \n-0000b610: 7468 6520 7377 6170 7065 6420 6469 736b the swapped disk\n-0000b620: 732e 2020 4966 2074 6861 7420 4f53 2075 s. If that OS u\n-0000b630: 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6472 ses a special dr\n-0000b640: 6976 6572 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a64 6973 iver for the.dis\n-0000b650: 6b73 2c20 7468 6973 2070 726f 6261 626c ks, this probabl\n-0000b660: 7920 776f 6e27 7420 776f 726b 2e0a 0a20 y won't work... \n-0000b670: 2020 416e 6f74 6865 7220 7072 6f62 6c65 Another proble\n-0000b680: 6d20 6172 6973 6573 2069 6620 796f 7520 m arises if you \n-0000b690: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6d6f 7265 2074 installed more t\n-0000b6a0: 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 7365 7420 6f66 0a44 han one set of.D\n-0000b6b0: 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 206f 6e74 6f20 OS/Windows onto \n-0000b6c0: 6f6e 6520 6469 736b 2c20 6265 6361 7573 one disk, becaus\n-0000b6d0: 6520 7468 6579 2063 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 e they could be \n-0000b6e0: 636f 6e66 7573 6564 2069 6620 7468 6572 confused if ther\n-0000b6f0: 6520 6172 650a 6d6f 7265 2074 6861 6e20 e are.more than \n-0000b700: 6f6e 6520 7072 696d 6172 7920 7061 7274 one primary part\n-0000b710: 6974 696f 6e73 2066 6f72 2044 4f53 2f57 itions for DOS/W\n-0000b720: 696e 646f 7773 2e20 2043 6572 7461 696e indows. Certain\n-0000b730: 6c79 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 640a 6176 ly you should.av\n-0000b740: 6f69 6420 646f 696e 6720 7468 6973 2c20 oid doing this, \n-0000b750: 6275 7420 7468 6572 6520 6973 2061 2073 but there is a s\n-0000b760: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 6966 2079 6f75 2064 olution if you d\n-0000b770: 6f20 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 646f 2073 6f2e o want to do so.\n-0000b780: 2020 5573 650a 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 Use.the partit\n-0000b790: 696f 6e20 6869 6469 6e67 2f75 6e68 6964 ion hiding/unhid\n-0000b7a0: 696e 6720 7465 6368 6e69 7175 652e 0a0a ing technique...\n-0000b7b0: 2020 2049 6620 4752 5542 2022 6869 6465 If GRUB \"hide\n-0000b7c0: 7322 2061 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 696e s\" a DOS (or Win\n-0000b7d0: 646f 7773 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 dows) partition \n-0000b7e0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c3a (*note parttool:\n-0000b7f0: 3a29 2c20 444f 530a 286f 7220 5769 6e64 :), DOS.(or Wind\n-0000b800: 6f77 7329 2077 696c 6c20 6967 6e6f 7265 ows) will ignore\n-0000b810: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 the partition. \n-0000b820: 2049 6620 4752 5542 2022 756e 6869 6465 If GRUB \"unhide\n-0000b830: 7322 2061 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 0a57 696e s\" a DOS (or.Win\n-0000b840: 646f 7773 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c dows) partition,\n-0000b850: 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 DOS (or Windows\n-0000b860: 2920 7769 6c6c 2064 6574 6563 7420 7468 ) will detect th\n-0000b870: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 5468 e partition. Th\n-0000b880: 7573 2c0a 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 us,.if you have \n-0000b890: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 444f 5320 286f installed DOS (o\n-0000b8a0: 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 206f 6e20 7468 r Windows) on th\n-0000b8b0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 616e 6420 7468 6520 e first and the \n-0000b8c0: 7365 636f 6e64 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e second.partition\n-0000b8d0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 of the first ha\n-0000b8e0: 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 rd disk, and you\n-0000b8f0: 2077 616e 7420 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 want to boot th\n-0000b900: 6520 636f 7079 206f 6e20 7468 650a 6669 e copy on the.fi\n-0000b910: 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2064 rst partition, d\n-0000b920: 6f20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a o the following:\n-0000b930: 0a0a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c20 .. parttool \n-0000b940: 2868 6430 2c31 2920 6869 6464 656e 2d0a (hd0,1) hidden-.\n-0000b950: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c20 2868 parttool (h\n-0000b960: 6430 2c32 2920 6869 6464 656e 2b0a 2020 d0,2) hidden+. \n-0000b970: 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 set root=(hd0\n-0000b980: 2c31 290a 2020 2020 2063 6861 696e 6c6f ,1). chainlo\n-0000b990: 6164 6572 202b 310a 2020 2020 2070 6172 ader +1. par\n-0000b9a0: 7474 6f6f 6c20 247b 726f 6f74 7d20 626f ttool ${root} bo\n-0000b9b0: 6f74 2b0a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 740a 0a1f ot+. boot...\n-0000b9c0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0000b9d0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 , Node: Configu\n-0000b9e0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2054 ration, Next: T\n-0000b9f0: 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 heme file format\n-0000ba00: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 , Prev: Booting\n-0000ba10: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3620 5772 , Up: Top..6 Wr\n-0000ba20: 6974 696e 6720 796f 7572 206f 776e 2063 iting your own c\n-0000ba30: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-0000ba40: 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a e.**************\n+0000a6e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d65 7865 --exe\n+0000a6f0: 632d 7365 7276 6572 2d74 6173 6b3d 2724 c-server-task='$\n+0000a700: 7b65 7865 632d 7461 736b 7d27 202d 5420 {exec-task}' -T \n+0000a710: 7479 7065 6420 2724 7b72 6f6f 747d 2720 typed '${root}' \n+0000a720: 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n+0000a730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2027 '\n+0000a740: 2428 7461 736b 2d63 7265 6174 6529 2720 $(task-create)' \n+0000a750: 2724 2874 6173 6b2d 7265 7375 6d65 2927 '$(task-resume)'\n+0000a760: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n+0000a770: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 2f6c 6962 2f6c 642e module /lib/ld.\n+0000a780: 736f 2e31 2065 7865 6320 2f68 7572 642f so.1 exec /hurd/\n+0000a790: 6578 6563 2027 2428 6578 6563 2d74 6173 exec '$(exec-tas\n+0000a7a0: 6b3d 7461 736b 2d63 7265 6174 6529 270a k=task-create)'.\n+0000a7b0: 0a20 2033 2e20 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 2072 . 3. Finally, r\n+0000a7c0: 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 un the command '\n+0000a7d0: 626f 6f74 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f boot' (*note boo\n+0000a7e0: 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 t::).....File: g\n+0000a7f0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0000a800: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 204e 6578 GNU/Linux, Nex\n+0000a810: 743a 204e 6574 4253 442c 2020 5072 6576 t: NetBSD, Prev\n+0000a820: 3a20 474e 552f 4875 7264 2c20 2055 703a : GNU/Hurd, Up:\n+0000a830: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n+0000a840: 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3220 474e 552f 4c69 es..5.4.2 GNU/Li\n+0000a850: 6e75 780a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nux.------------\n+0000a860: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 7420 6973 2072 656c 6174 ---..It is relat\n+0000a870: 6976 656c 7920 6561 7379 2074 6f20 626f ively easy to bo\n+0000a880: 6f74 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2066 726f ot GNU/Linux fro\n+0000a890: 6d20 4752 5542 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 m GRUB, because \n+0000a8a0: 6974 2073 6f6d 6577 6861 740a 7265 7365 it somewhat.rese\n+0000a8b0: 6d62 6c65 7320 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6120 mbles to boot a \n+0000a8c0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 Multiboot-compli\n+0000a8d0: 616e 7420 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 5365 ant OS... 1. Se\n+0000a8e0: 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 t GRUB's root de\n+0000a8f0: 7669 6365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 vice to the same\n+0000a900: 2064 7269 7665 2061 7320 474e 552f 4c69 drive as GNU/Li\n+0000a910: 6e75 7827 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 nux's. The. \n+0000a920: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 7365 6172 6368 command 'search\n+0000a930: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6669 --set=root --fi\n+0000a940: 6c65 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a27 206f 7220 le /vmlinuz' or \n+0000a950: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6d61 7920 6865 6c70 similar may help\n+0000a960: 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 you. (*note\n+0000a970: 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2032 search::)... 2\n+0000a980: 2e20 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 . Load the kerne\n+0000a990: 6c20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6d6d l using the comm\n+0000a9a0: 616e 6420 276c 696e 7578 2720 282a 6e6f and 'linux' (*no\n+0000a9b0: 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 293a 0a0a 2020 te linux::):.. \n+0000a9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 grub> li\n+0000a9d0: 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f nux /vmlinuz roo\n+0000a9e0: 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 310a 0a20 2020 t=/dev/sda1.. \n+0000a9f0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f If you need to\n+0000aa00: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2073 6f6d 6520 6b65 specify some ke\n+0000aa10: 726e 656c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 732c rnel parameters,\n+0000aa20: 206a 7573 7420 6170 7065 6e64 2074 6865 just append the\n+0000aa30: 6d20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f m to. the co\n+0000aa40: 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d mmand. For exam\n+0000aa50: 706c 652c 2074 6f20 7365 7420 2761 6370 ple, to set 'acp\n+0000aa60: 6927 2074 6f20 276f 6666 272c 2064 6f20 i' to 'off', do \n+0000aa70: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n+0000aa80: 2067 7275 623e 206c 696e 7578 202f 766d grub> linux /vm\n+0000aa90: 6c69 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f linuz root=/dev/\n+0000aaa0: 7364 6131 2061 6370 693d 6f66 660a 0a20 sda1 acpi=off.. \n+0000aab0: 2020 2020 5365 6520 7468 6520 646f 6375 See the docu\n+0000aac0: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2074 6865 mentation in the\n+0000aad0: 204c 696e 7578 2073 6f75 7263 6520 7472 Linux source tr\n+0000aae0: 6565 2066 6f72 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 650a ee for complete.\n+0000aaf0: 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e information\n+0000ab00: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c on the availabl\n+0000ab10: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 e options... \n+0000ab20: 2057 6974 6820 276c 696e 7578 2720 4752 With 'linux' GR\n+0000ab30: 5542 2075 7365 7320 3332 2d62 6974 2070 UB uses 32-bit p\n+0000ab40: 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 536f 6d65 2042 rotocol. Some B\n+0000ab50: 494f 5320 7365 7276 6963 6573 206c 696b IOS services lik\n+0000ab60: 650a 2020 2020 2041 504d 206f 7220 4544 e. APM or ED\n+0000ab70: 4420 6172 656e 2774 2061 7661 696c 6162 D aren't availab\n+0000ab80: 6c65 2077 6974 6820 7468 6973 2070 726f le with this pro\n+0000ab90: 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 tocol. In this \n+0000aba0: 6361 7365 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 case you. ne\n+0000abb0: 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 276c 696e 7578 ed to use 'linux\n+0000abc0: 3136 270a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 16'.. g\n+0000abd0: 7275 623e 206c 696e 7578 3136 202f 766d rub> linux16 /vm\n+0000abe0: 6c69 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f linuz root=/dev/\n+0000abf0: 7364 6131 2061 6370 693d 6f66 660a 0a20 sda1 acpi=off.. \n+0000ac00: 2033 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 2075 7365 2061 3. If you use a\n+0000ac10: 6e20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 6578 6563 7574 n initrd, execut\n+0000ac20: 6520 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 2769 e the command 'i\n+0000ac30: 6e69 7472 6427 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e nitrd' (*note in\n+0000ac40: 6974 7264 3a3a 290a 2020 2020 2061 6674 itrd::). aft\n+0000ac50: 6572 2027 6c69 6e75 7827 3a0a 0a20 2020 er 'linux':.. \n+0000ac60: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e69 grub> ini\n+0000ac70: 7472 6420 2f69 6e69 7472 640a 0a20 2020 trd /initrd.. \n+0000ac80: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2075 7365 6420 276c If you used 'l\n+0000ac90: 696e 7578 3136 2720 796f 7520 6e65 6564 inux16' you need\n+0000aca0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 2769 6e69 7472 6431 to use 'initrd1\n+0000acb0: 3627 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6':.. g\n+0000acc0: 7275 623e 2069 6e69 7472 6431 3620 2f69 rub> initrd16 /i\n+0000acd0: 6e69 7472 640a 0a20 2034 2e20 4669 6e61 nitrd.. 4. Fina\n+0000ace0: 6c6c 792c 2072 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d lly, run the com\n+0000acf0: 6d61 6e64 2027 626f 6f74 2720 282a 6e6f mand 'boot' (*no\n+0000ad00: 7465 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 te boot::).....F\n+0000ad10: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0000ad20: 204e 6f64 653a 204e 6574 4253 442c 2020 Node: NetBSD, \n+0000ad30: 4e65 7874 3a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 Next: DOS/Window\n+0000ad40: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 s, Prev: GNU/Li\n+0000ad50: 6e75 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 nux, Up: OS-spe\n+0000ad60: 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 cific notes..5.4\n+0000ad70: 2e33 204e 6574 4253 440a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .3 NetBSD.------\n+0000ad80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 426f 6f74 696e 6720 ------..Booting \n+0000ad90: 6120 4e65 7442 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 a NetBSD kernel \n+0000ada0: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 6c73 from GRUB is als\n+0000adb0: 6f20 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2065 6173 o relatively eas\n+0000adc0: 793a 2066 6972 7374 2073 6574 0a47 5255 y: first set.GRU\n+0000add0: 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 652c B's root device,\n+0000ade0: 2074 6865 6e20 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 206b then load the k\n+0000adf0: 6572 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6d6f ernel and the mo\n+0000ae00: 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2066 696e 616c dules, and final\n+0000ae10: 6c79 0a72 756e 2027 626f 6f74 272e 0a0a ly.run 'boot'...\n+0000ae20: 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 1. Set GRUB's \n+0000ae30: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 root device to t\n+0000ae40: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2068 6f6c he partition hol\n+0000ae50: 6469 6e67 2074 6865 204e 6574 4253 4420 ding the NetBSD \n+0000ae60: 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 root. file s\n+0000ae70: 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 466f 7220 6120 6469 ystem. For a di\n+0000ae80: 736b 2077 6974 6820 6120 4e65 7442 5344 sk with a NetBSD\n+0000ae90: 2064 6973 6b20 6c61 6265 6c2c 2074 6869 disk label, thi\n+0000aea0: 7320 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 s is usually. \n+0000aeb0: 2020 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 the first part\n+0000aec0: 6974 696f 6e20 2861 3a29 2e20 2049 6e20 ition (a:). In \n+0000aed0: 7468 6174 2063 6173 652c 2061 6e64 2061 that case, and a\n+0000aee0: 7373 756d 696e 6720 7468 6174 2074 6865 ssuming that the\n+0000aef0: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 . partition \n+0000af00: 6973 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 is on the first \n+0000af10: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2073 6574 2047 hard disk, set G\n+0000af20: 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 RUB's root devic\n+0000af30: 6520 6173 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 e as. follow\n+0000af40: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 s:.. gr\n+0000af50: 7562 3e20 696e 736d 6f64 2070 6172 745f ub> insmod part_\n+0000af60: 6273 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 bsd. gr\n+0000af70: 7562 3e20 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 ub> set root=(hd\n+0000af80: 302c 6e65 7462 7364 3129 0a0a 2020 2020 0,netbsd1).. \n+0000af90: 2046 6f72 2061 2064 6973 6b20 7769 7468 For a disk with\n+0000afa0: 2061 2047 5549 4420 5061 7274 6974 696f a GUID Partitio\n+0000afb0: 6e20 5461 626c 6520 2847 5054 292c 2061 n Table (GPT), a\n+0000afc0: 6e64 2061 7373 756d 696e 6720 7468 6174 nd assuming that\n+0000afd0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4e65 7442 5344 the. NetBSD\n+0000afe0: 2072 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 root partition \n+0000aff0: 6973 2074 6865 2074 6869 7264 2047 5054 is the third GPT\n+0000b000: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 646f 2074 partition, do t\n+0000b010: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 his:.. \n+0000b020: 6772 7562 3e20 696e 736d 6f64 2070 6172 grub> insmod par\n+0000b030: 745f 6770 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_gpt. \n+0000b040: 6772 7562 3e20 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 grub> set root=(\n+0000b050: 6864 302c 6770 7433 290a 0a20 2032 2e20 hd0,gpt3).. 2. \n+0000b060: 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 Load the kernel \n+0000b070: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e using the comman\n+0000b080: 6420 276b 6e65 7462 7364 273a 0a0a 2020 d 'knetbsd':.. \n+0000b090: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e grub> kn\n+0000b0a0: 6574 6273 6420 2f6e 6574 6273 640a 0a20 etbsd /netbsd.. \n+0000b0b0: 2020 2020 5661 7269 6f75 7320 6f70 7469 Various opti\n+0000b0c0: 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2067 6976 656e ons may be given\n+0000b0d0: 2074 6f20 276b 6e65 7462 7364 272e 2020 to 'knetbsd'. \n+0000b0e0: 5468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 These options ar\n+0000b0f0: 652c 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 e, for. the \n+0000b100: 6d6f 7374 2070 6172 742c 2074 6865 2073 most part, the s\n+0000b110: 616d 6520 6173 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4e65 ame as in the Ne\n+0000b120: 7442 5344 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 tBSD boot loader\n+0000b130: 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 . For. inst\n+0000b140: 616e 6365 2c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 ance, to boot th\n+0000b150: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 6e20 7369 6e67 e system in sing\n+0000b160: 6c65 2d75 7365 7220 6d6f 6465 2061 6e64 le-user mode and\n+0000b170: 2077 6974 6820 7665 7262 6f73 650a 2020 with verbose. \n+0000b180: 2020 206d 6573 7361 6765 732c 2064 6f20 messages, do \n+0000b190: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n+0000b1a0: 2067 7275 623e 206b 6e65 7462 7364 202f grub> knetbsd /\n+0000b1b0: 6e65 7462 7364 202d 7320 2d76 0a0a 2020 netbsd -s -v.. \n+0000b1c0: 332e 2049 6620 6e65 6564 6564 2c20 6c6f 3. If needed, lo\n+0000b1d0: 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 ad kernel module\n+0000b1e0: 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 s with the comma\n+0000b1f0: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 276b 6e65 7462 7364 nd. 'knetbsd\n+0000b200: 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c 6627 2e20 2041 _module_elf'. A\n+0000b210: 2074 7970 6963 616c 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 typical example\n+0000b220: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 is the module f\n+0000b230: 6f72 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 or the root. \n+0000b240: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 3a0a 0a20 file system:.. \n+0000b250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206b grub> k\n+0000b260: 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c netbsd_module_el\n+0000b270: 6620 2f73 7461 6e64 2f61 6d64 3634 2f36 f /stand/amd64/6\n+0000b280: 2e30 2f6d 6f64 756c 6573 2f66 6673 2f66 .0/modules/ffs/f\n+0000b290: 6673 2e6b 6d6f 640a 0a20 2034 2e20 4669 fs.kmod.. 4. Fi\n+0000b2a0: 6e61 6c6c 792c 2072 756e 2074 6865 2063 nally, run the c\n+0000b2b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 626f 6f74 2720 282a ommand 'boot' (*\n+0000b2c0: 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f note boot::)....\n+0000b2d0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0000b2e0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2044 4f53 2f57 696e , Node: DOS/Win\n+0000b2f0: 646f 7773 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204e 6574 dows, Prev: Net\n+0000b300: 4253 442c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 BSD, Up: OS-spe\n+0000b310: 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 cific notes..5.4\n+0000b320: 2e34 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 0a2d .4 DOS/Windows.-\n+0000b330: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0000b340: 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 626f ..GRUB cannot bo\n+0000b350: 6f74 2044 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 ot DOS or Window\n+0000b360: 7320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 736f 2079 s directly, so y\n+0000b370: 6f75 206d 7573 7420 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f ou must chain-lo\n+0000b380: 6164 2074 6865 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 ad them.(*note C\n+0000b390: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 3a3a 292e hain-loading::).\n+0000b3a0: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2074 6865 6972 However, their\n+0000b3b0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6861 boot loaders ha\n+0000b3c0: 7665 2073 6f6d 6520 6372 6974 6963 616c ve some critical\n+0000b3d0: 0a64 6566 6963 6965 6e63 6965 732c 2073 .deficiencies, s\n+0000b3e0: 6f20 6974 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2077 6f72 o it may not wor\n+0000b3f0: 6b20 746f 206a 7573 7420 6368 6169 6e2d k to just chain-\n+0000b400: 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 6d2e 2020 546f 206f load them. To o\n+0000b410: 7665 7263 6f6d 650a 7468 6520 7072 6f62 vercome.the prob\n+0000b420: 6c65 6d73 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 lems, GRUB provi\n+0000b430: 6465 7320 796f 7520 7769 7468 2074 776f des you with two\n+0000b440: 2068 656c 7065 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e helper function\n+0000b450: 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 s... If you ha\n+0000b460: 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2044 4f53 ve installed DOS\n+0000b470: 2028 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 6f6e (or Windows) on\n+0000b480: 2061 206e 6f6e 2d66 6972 7374 2068 6172 a non-first har\n+0000b490: 6420 6469 736b 2c20 796f 750a 6861 7665 d disk, you.have\n+0000b4a0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 6469 736b to use the disk\n+0000b4b0: 2073 7761 7070 696e 6720 7465 6368 6e69 swapping techni\n+0000b4c0: 7175 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6861 que, because tha\n+0000b4d0: 7420 4f53 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 626f 6f74 t OS cannot boot\n+0000b4e0: 0a66 726f 6d20 616e 7920 6469 736b 7320 .from any disks \n+0000b4f0: 6275 7420 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6f6e but the first on\n+0000b500: 652e 2020 5468 6520 776f 726b 6172 6f75 e. The workarou\n+0000b510: 6e64 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 4220 nd used in GRUB \n+0000b520: 6973 2074 6865 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 is the.command '\n+0000b530: 6472 6976 656d 6170 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 drivemap' (*note\n+0000b540: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 703a 3a29 2c20 6c69 drivemap::), li\n+0000b550: 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2064 ke this:.. d\n+0000b560: 7269 7665 6d61 7020 2d73 2028 6864 3029 rivemap -s (hd0)\n+0000b570: 2028 6864 3129 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 (hd1).. This \n+0000b580: 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 2022 7669 7274 performs a \"virt\n+0000b590: 7561 6c22 2073 7761 7020 6265 7477 6565 ual\" swap betwee\n+0000b5a0: 6e20 796f 7572 2066 6972 7374 2061 6e64 n your first and\n+0000b5b0: 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 6861 7264 0a64 7269 second hard.dri\n+0000b5c0: 7665 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e ve... *Caution\n+0000b5d0: 3a2a 2054 6869 7320 6973 2065 6666 6563 :* This is effec\n+0000b5e0: 7469 7665 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2044 4f53 tive only if DOS\n+0000b5f0: 2028 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 7573 (or Windows) us\n+0000b600: 6573 2042 494f 5320 746f 0a61 6363 6573 es BIOS to.acces\n+0000b610: 7320 7468 6520 7377 6170 7065 6420 6469 s the swapped di\n+0000b620: 736b 732e 2020 4966 2074 6861 7420 4f53 sks. If that OS\n+0000b630: 2075 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 uses a special \n+0000b640: 6472 6976 6572 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a64 driver for the.d\n+0000b650: 6973 6b73 2c20 7468 6973 2070 726f 6261 isks, this proba\n+0000b660: 626c 7920 776f 6e27 7420 776f 726b 2e0a bly won't work..\n+0000b670: 0a20 2020 416e 6f74 6865 7220 7072 6f62 . Another prob\n+0000b680: 6c65 6d20 6172 6973 6573 2069 6620 796f lem arises if yo\n+0000b690: 7520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6d6f 7265 u installed more\n+0000b6a0: 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 7365 7420 6f66 than one set of\n+0000b6b0: 0a44 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 206f 6e74 .DOS/Windows ont\n+0000b6c0: 6f20 6f6e 6520 6469 736b 2c20 6265 6361 o one disk, beca\n+0000b6d0: 7573 6520 7468 6579 2063 6f75 6c64 2062 use they could b\n+0000b6e0: 6520 636f 6e66 7573 6564 2069 6620 7468 e confused if th\n+0000b6f0: 6572 6520 6172 650a 6d6f 7265 2074 6861 ere are.more tha\n+0000b700: 6e20 6f6e 6520 7072 696d 6172 7920 7061 n one primary pa\n+0000b710: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2066 6f72 2044 4f53 rtitions for DOS\n+0000b720: 2f57 696e 646f 7773 2e20 2043 6572 7461 /Windows. Certa\n+0000b730: 696e 6c79 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 640a inly you should.\n+0000b740: 6176 6f69 6420 646f 696e 6720 7468 6973 avoid doing this\n+0000b750: 2c20 6275 7420 7468 6572 6520 6973 2061 , but there is a\n+0000b760: 2073 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 6966 2079 6f75 solution if you\n+0000b770: 2064 6f20 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 646f 2073 do want to do s\n+0000b780: 6f2e 2020 5573 650a 7468 6520 7061 7274 o. Use.the part\n+0000b790: 6974 696f 6e20 6869 6469 6e67 2f75 6e68 ition hiding/unh\n+0000b7a0: 6964 696e 6720 7465 6368 6e69 7175 652e iding technique.\n+0000b7b0: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 4752 5542 2022 6869 .. If GRUB \"hi\n+0000b7c0: 6465 7322 2061 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 des\" a DOS (or W\n+0000b7d0: 696e 646f 7773 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f indows) partitio\n+0000b7e0: 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 6172 7474 6f6f n (*note parttoo\n+0000b7f0: 6c3a 3a29 2c20 444f 530a 286f 7220 5769 l::), DOS.(or Wi\n+0000b800: 6e64 6f77 7329 2077 696c 6c20 6967 6e6f ndows) will igno\n+0000b810: 7265 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e re the partition\n+0000b820: 2e20 2049 6620 4752 5542 2022 756e 6869 . If GRUB \"unhi\n+0000b830: 6465 7322 2061 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 0a57 des\" a DOS (or.W\n+0000b840: 696e 646f 7773 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f indows) partitio\n+0000b850: 6e2c 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 696e 646f n, DOS (or Windo\n+0000b860: 7773 2920 7769 6c6c 2064 6574 6563 7420 ws) will detect \n+0000b870: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 the partition. \n+0000b880: 5468 7573 2c0a 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 Thus,.if you hav\n+0000b890: 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 444f 5320 e installed DOS \n+0000b8a0: 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 206f 6e20 (or Windows) on \n+0000b8b0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 616e 6420 7468 the first and th\n+0000b8c0: 6520 7365 636f 6e64 0a70 6172 7469 7469 e second.partiti\n+0000b8d0: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 on of the first \n+0000b8e0: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2061 6e64 2079 hard disk, and y\n+0000b8f0: 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 ou want to boot \n+0000b900: 7468 6520 636f 7079 206f 6e20 7468 650a the copy on the.\n+0000b910: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c first partition,\n+0000b920: 2064 6f20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e do the followin\n+0000b930: 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7474 6f6f g:.. parttoo\n+0000b940: 6c20 2868 6430 2c31 2920 6869 6464 656e l (hd0,1) hidden\n+0000b950: 2d0a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c20 -. parttool \n+0000b960: 2868 6430 2c32 2920 6869 6464 656e 2b0a (hd0,2) hidden+.\n+0000b970: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 set root=(h\n+0000b980: 6430 2c31 290a 2020 2020 2063 6861 696e d0,1). chain\n+0000b990: 6c6f 6164 6572 202b 310a 2020 2020 2070 loader +1. p\n+0000b9a0: 6172 7474 6f6f 6c20 247b 726f 6f74 7d20 arttool ${root} \n+0000b9b0: 626f 6f74 2b0a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 740a boot+. boot.\n+0000b9c0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0000b9d0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6e 6669 fo, Node: Confi\n+0000b9e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a guration, Next:\n+0000b9f0: 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d Theme file form\n+0000ba00: 6174 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2042 6f6f 7469 at, Prev: Booti\n+0000ba10: 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3620 ng, Up: Top..6 \n+0000ba20: 5772 6974 696e 6720 796f 7572 206f 776e Writing your own\n+0000ba30: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+0000ba40: 696c 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ile.************\n 0000ba50: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0000ba60: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 6973 *******..GRUB is\n-0000ba70: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 7573 696e configured usin\n-0000ba80: 6720 2767 7275 622e 6366 6727 2c20 7573 g 'grub.cfg', us\n-0000ba90: 7561 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6361 7465 6420 756e ually located un\n-0000baa0: 6465 7220 272f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 6227 der '/boot/grub'\n-0000bab0: 2e0a 5468 6973 2066 696c 6520 6973 2071 ..This file is q\n-0000bac0: 7569 7465 2066 6c65 7869 626c 652c 2062 uite flexible, b\n-0000bad0: 7574 206d 6f73 7420 7573 6572 7320 7769 ut most users wi\n-0000bae0: 6c6c 206e 6f74 206e 6565 6420 746f 2077 ll not need to w\n-0000baf0: 7269 7465 2074 6865 0a77 686f 6c65 2074 rite the.whole t\n-0000bb00: 6869 6e67 2062 7920 6861 6e64 2e0a 0a2a hing by hand...*\n-0000bb10: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 5369 6d70 6c65 Menu:..* Simple\n-0000bb20: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a configuration::\n-0000bb30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 636f Reco\n-0000bb40: 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 666f 7220 6d6f 7374 mmended for most\n-0000bb50: 2075 7365 7273 0a2a 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 users.* Root Id\n-0000bb60: 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 4865 7572 entifcation Heur\n-0000bb70: 6973 7469 6373 3a3a 2020 2053 756d 6d61 istics:: Summa\n-0000bb80: 7279 206f 6e20 686f 7720 7468 6520 726f ry on how the ro\n-0000bb90: 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 ot file system i\n-0000bba0: 7320 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2e0a 2a20 s identified..* \n-0000bbb0: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n-0000bbc0: 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ting:: \n-0000bbd0: 2020 466f 7220 706f 7765 7220 7573 6572 For power user\n-0000bbe0: 7320 616e 6420 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7273 s and developers\n-0000bbf0: 0a2a 204d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 6d61 .* Multi-boot ma\n-0000bc00: 6e75 616c 2063 6f6e 6669 673a 3a20 2020 nual config:: \n-0000bc10: 2020 2020 2046 6f72 206e 6f6e 2d73 7461 For non-sta\n-0000bc20: 6e64 6172 6420 6d75 6c74 692d 4f53 2073 ndard multi-OS s\n-0000bc30: 6365 6e61 7269 6f73 0a2a 2045 6d62 6564 cenarios.* Embed\n-0000bc40: 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ded configuratio\n-0000bc50: 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6d62 n:: Emb\n-0000bc60: 6564 6469 6e67 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 edding a configu\n-0000bc70: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 696e 746f ration file into\n-0000bc80: 2047 5255 420a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 GRUB....File: g\n-0000bc90: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0000bca0: 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple configur\n-0000bcb0: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 526f ation, Next: Ro\n-0000bcc0: 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e ot Identifcation\n-0000bcd0: 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 732c 2020 5570 Heuristics, Up\n-0000bce0: 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a : Configuration.\n-0000bcf0: 0a36 2e31 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 .6.1 Simple conf\n-0000bd00: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6861 6e64 6c69 iguration handli\n-0000bd10: 6e67 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ng.=============\n+0000ba60: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 *********..GRUB \n+0000ba70: 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 7573 is configured us\n+0000ba80: 696e 6720 2767 7275 622e 6366 6727 2c20 ing 'grub.cfg', \n+0000ba90: 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6361 7465 6420 usually located \n+0000baa0: 756e 6465 7220 272f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 under '/boot/gru\n+0000bab0: 6227 2e0a 5468 6973 2066 696c 6520 6973 b'..This file is\n+0000bac0: 2071 7569 7465 2066 6c65 7869 626c 652c quite flexible,\n+0000bad0: 2062 7574 206d 6f73 7420 7573 6572 7320 but most users \n+0000bae0: 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 206e 6565 6420 746f will not need to\n+0000baf0: 2077 7269 7465 2074 6865 0a77 686f 6c65 write the.whole\n+0000bb00: 2074 6869 6e67 2062 7920 6861 6e64 2e0a thing by hand..\n+0000bb10: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 5369 6d70 .* Menu:..* Simp\n+0000bb20: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n+0000bb30: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 :: Re\n+0000bb40: 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 666f 7220 6d6f commended for mo\n+0000bb50: 7374 2075 7365 7273 0a2a 2052 6f6f 7420 st users.* Root \n+0000bb60: 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 4865 Identifcation He\n+0000bb70: 7572 6973 7469 6373 3a3a 2020 2053 756d uristics:: Sum\n+0000bb80: 6d61 7279 206f 6e20 686f 7720 7468 6520 mary on how the \n+0000bb90: 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d root file system\n+0000bba0: 2069 7320 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2e0a is identified..\n+0000bbb0: 2a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 * Shell-like scr\n+0000bbc0: 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ipting:: \n+0000bbd0: 2020 2020 466f 7220 706f 7765 7220 7573 For power us\n+0000bbe0: 6572 7320 616e 6420 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 ers and develope\n+0000bbf0: 7273 0a2a 204d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 rs.* Multi-boot \n+0000bc00: 6d61 6e75 616c 2063 6f6e 6669 673a 3a20 manual config:: \n+0000bc10: 2020 2020 2020 2046 6f72 206e 6f6e 2d73 For non-s\n+0000bc20: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 6d75 6c74 692d 4f53 tandard multi-OS\n+0000bc30: 2073 6365 6e61 7269 6f73 0a2a 2045 6d62 scenarios.* Emb\n+0000bc40: 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 edded configurat\n+0000bc50: 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 ion:: E\n+0000bc60: 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 mbedding a confi\n+0000bc70: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 696e guration file in\n+0000bc80: 746f 2047 5255 420a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a to GRUB....File:\n+0000bc90: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0000bca0: 653a 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 e: Simple config\n+0000bcb0: 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 uration, Next: \n+0000bcc0: 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 Root Identifcati\n+0000bcd0: 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 732c 2020 on Heuristics, \n+0000bce0: 5570 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f Up: Configuratio\n+0000bcf0: 6e0a 0a36 2e31 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f n..6.1 Simple co\n+0000bd00: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6861 6e64 nfiguration hand\n+0000bd10: 6c69 6e67 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ling.===========\n 0000bd20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000bd30: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 ====..The progra\n-0000bd40: 6d20 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 m 'grub-mkconfig\n-0000bd50: 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e ' (*note Invokin\n-0000bd60: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a g grub-mkconfig:\n-0000bd70: 3a29 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 0a27 6772 :) generates.'gr\n-0000bd80: 7562 2e63 6667 2720 6669 6c65 7320 7375 ub.cfg' files su\n-0000bd90: 6974 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 itable for most \n-0000bda0: 6361 7365 732e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7375 cases. It is su\n-0000bdb0: 6974 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2077 itable for use w\n-0000bdc0: 6865 6e0a 7570 6772 6164 696e 6720 6120 hen.upgrading a \n-0000bdd0: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 616e distribution, an\n-0000bde0: 6420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 636f 7665 7220 d will discover \n-0000bdf0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6b65 726e 656c available kernel\n-0000be00: 7320 616e 640a 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f s and.attempt to\n-0000be10: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 generate menu e\n-0000be20: 6e74 7269 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 6d2e ntries for them.\n-0000be30: 0a0a 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e .. 'grub-mkcon\n-0000be40: 6669 6727 2064 6f65 7320 6861 7665 2073 fig' does have s\n-0000be50: 6f6d 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732e ome limitations.\n-0000be60: 2020 5768 696c 6520 6164 6469 6e67 2065 While adding e\n-0000be70: 7874 7261 0a63 7573 746f 6d20 6d65 6e75 xtra.custom menu\n-0000be80: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 entries to the \n-0000be90: 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 end of the list \n-0000bea0: 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 6279 2065 can be done by e\n-0000beb0: 6469 7469 6e67 0a27 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 diting.'/etc/gru\n-0000bec0: 622e 642f 3430 5f63 7573 746f 6d27 206f b.d/40_custom' o\n-0000bed0: 7220 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2027 2f62 6f6f r creating '/boo\n-0000bee0: 742f 6772 7562 2f63 7573 746f 6d2e 6366 t/grub/custom.cf\n-0000bef0: 6727 2c20 6368 616e 6769 6e67 0a74 6865 g', changing.the\n-0000bf00: 206f 7264 6572 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2065 order of menu e\n-0000bf10: 6e74 7269 6573 206f 7220 6368 616e 6769 ntries or changi\n-0000bf20: 6e67 2074 6865 6972 2074 6974 6c65 7320 ng their titles \n-0000bf30: 6d61 7920 7265 7175 6972 6520 6d61 6b69 may require maki\n-0000bf40: 6e67 0a63 6f6d 706c 6578 2063 6861 6e67 ng.complex chang\n-0000bf50: 6573 2074 6f20 7368 656c 6c20 7363 7269 es to shell scri\n-0000bf60: 7074 7320 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 272f pts stored in '/\n-0000bf70: 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f27 2e20 2054 etc/grub.d/'. T\n-0000bf80: 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6265 0a69 6d70 726f his may be.impro\n-0000bf90: 7665 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 ved in the futur\n-0000bfa0: 652e 2020 496e 2074 6865 206d 6561 6e74 e. In the meant\n-0000bfb0: 696d 652c 2074 686f 7365 2077 686f 2066 ime, those who f\n-0000bfc0: 6565 6c20 7468 6174 2069 7420 776f 756c eel that it woul\n-0000bfd0: 640a 6265 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 2077 d.be easier to w\n-0000bfe0: 7269 7465 2027 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 rite 'grub.cfg' \n-0000bff0: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7265 2065 6e63 directly are enc\n-0000c000: 6f75 7261 6765 6420 746f 2064 6f20 736f ouraged to do so\n-0000c010: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 426f 6f74 696e 673a (*note.Booting:\n-0000c020: 3a2c 2061 6e64 202a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 :, and *note She\n-0000c030: 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e ll-like scriptin\n-0000c040: 673a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 746f 2064 6973 g::), and to dis\n-0000c050: 6162 6c65 2061 6e79 2073 7973 7465 6d0a able any system.\n-0000c060: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6569 provided by thei\n-0000c070: 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2074 r distribution t\n-0000c080: 6f20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 o automatically \n-0000c090: 7275 6e20 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 run 'grub-mkconf\n-0000c0a0: 6967 272e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2066 696c ig'... The fil\n-0000c0b0: 6520 272f 6574 632f 6465 6661 756c 742f e '/etc/default/\n-0000c0c0: 6772 7562 2720 636f 6e74 726f 6c73 2074 grub' controls t\n-0000c0d0: 6865 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 660a he operation of.\n-0000c0e0: 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 272e 'grub-mkconfig'.\n-0000c0f0: 2020 4974 2069 7320 736f 7572 6365 6420 It is sourced \n-0000c100: 6279 2061 2073 6865 6c6c 2073 6372 6970 by a shell scrip\n-0000c110: 742c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6d75 7374 2062 t, and so must b\n-0000c120: 6520 7661 6c69 640a 504f 5349 5820 7368 e valid.POSIX sh\n-0000c130: 656c 6c20 696e 7075 743b 206e 6f72 6d61 ell input; norma\n-0000c140: 6c6c 792c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 206a 7573 lly, it will jus\n-0000c150: 7420 6265 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 t be a sequence \n-0000c160: 6f66 2027 4b45 593d 7661 6c75 6527 0a6c of 'KEY=value'.l\n-0000c170: 696e 6573 2c20 6275 7420 6966 2074 6865 ines, but if the\n-0000c180: 2076 616c 7565 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 value contains \n-0000c190: 7370 6163 6573 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7220 spaces or other \n-0000c1a0: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6368 6172 6163 7465 special characte\n-0000c1b0: 7273 2074 6865 6e0a 6974 206d 7573 7420 rs then.it must \n-0000c1c0: 6265 2071 756f 7465 642e 2020 466f 7220 be quoted. For \n-0000c1d0: 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 example:.. G\n-0000c1e0: 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f49 4e50 RUB_TERMINAL_INP\n-0000c1f0: 5554 3d22 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 7365 7269 UT=\"console seri\n-0000c200: 616c 220a 0a20 2020 5661 6c69 6420 6b65 al\".. Valid ke\n-0000c210: 7973 2069 6e20 272f 6574 632f 6465 6661 ys in '/etc/defa\n-0000c220: 756c 742f 6772 7562 2720 6172 6520 6173 ult/grub' are as\n-0000c230: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a27 4752 5542 follows:..'GRUB\n-0000c240: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 270a 2020 2020 2054 _DEFAULT'. T\n-0000c250: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 he default menu \n-0000c260: 656e 7472 792e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 entry. This may\n-0000c270: 2062 6520 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 696e be a number, in\n-0000c280: 2077 6869 6368 2063 6173 6520 6974 0a20 which case it. \n-0000c290: 2020 2020 6964 656e 7469 6669 6573 2074 identifies t\n-0000c2a0: 6865 204e 7468 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6e20 he Nth entry in \n-0000c2b0: 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 6d65 the generated me\n-0000c2c0: 6e75 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 2066 726f 6d20 nu counted from \n-0000c2d0: 7a65 726f 2c0a 2020 2020 206f 7220 7468 zero,. or th\n-0000c2e0: 6520 7469 746c 6520 6f66 2061 206d 656e e title of a men\n-0000c2f0: 7520 656e 7472 792c 206f 7220 7468 6520 u entry, or the \n-0000c300: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7374 7269 6e67 2027 special string '\n-0000c310: 7361 7665 6427 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 0a20 saved'. Using. \n-0000c320: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6964 206d 6179 2062 the id may b\n-0000c330: 6520 7573 6566 756c 2069 6620 796f 7520 e useful if you \n-0000c340: 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 6d65 want to set a me\n-0000c350: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2061 7320 7468 6520 nu entry as the \n-0000c360: 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 2065 7665 default. eve\n-0000c370: 6e20 7468 6f75 6768 2074 6865 7265 206d n though there m\n-0000c380: 6179 2062 6520 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ay be a variable\n-0000c390: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2065 6e74 7269 number of entri\n-0000c3a0: 6573 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6974 2e0a 0a20 es before it... \n-0000c3b0: 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c For example,\n-0000c3c0: 2069 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 3a0a 0a20 if you have:.. \n-0000c3d0: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2745 menuentry 'E\n-0000c3e0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 xample GNU/Linux\n-0000c3f0: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e27 202d distribution' -\n-0000c400: 2d63 6c61 7373 2067 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 -class gnu-linux\n-0000c410: 202d 2d69 6420 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e --id example-gn\n-0000c420: 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 u-linux {. .\n-0000c430: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 .... }.. \n-0000c440: 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6d61 then you can ma\n-0000c450: 6b65 2074 6869 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 ke this the defa\n-0000c460: 756c 7420 7573 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 ult using:.. \n-0000c470: 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 GRUB_DEFAU\n-0000c480: 4c54 3d65 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c LT=example-gnu-l\n-0000c490: 696e 7578 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 7265 7669 inux.. Previ\n-0000c4a0: 6f75 736c 7920 6974 2077 6173 2064 6f63 ously it was doc\n-0000c4b0: 756d 656e 7465 6420 7468 6520 7761 7920 umented the way \n-0000c4c0: 746f 2075 7365 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6974 to use entry tit\n-0000c4d0: 6c65 2e20 2057 6869 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 le. While. \n-0000c4e0: 7468 6973 2073 7469 6c6c 2077 6f72 6b73 this still works\n-0000c4f0: 2069 7427 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 636f 6d6d it's not recomm\n-0000c500: 656e 6465 6420 7369 6e63 6520 7469 746c ended since titl\n-0000c510: 6573 206f 6674 656e 2063 6f6e 7461 696e es often contain\n-0000c520: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 7374 6162 6c65 2064 . unstable d\n-0000c530: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 616e 6420 evice names and \n-0000c540: 6d61 7920 6265 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 may be translate\n-0000c550: 640a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 d.. If you s\n-0000c560: 6574 2074 6869 7320 746f 2027 7361 7665 et this to 'save\n-0000c570: 6427 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2064 6566 d', then the def\n-0000c580: 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 ault menu entry \n-0000c590: 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 will be. tha\n-0000c5a0: 7420 7361 7665 6420 6279 2027 4752 5542 t saved by 'GRUB\n-0000c5b0: 5f53 4156 4544 4546 4155 4c54 2720 6f72 _SAVEDEFAULT' or\n-0000c5c0: 2027 6772 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 6175 'grub-set-defau\n-0000c5d0: 6c74 272e 2020 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 lt'. This. \n-0000c5e0: 7265 6c69 6573 206f 6e20 7468 6520 656e relies on the en\n-0000c5f0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2c vironment block,\n-0000c600: 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 which may not b\n-0000c610: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2061 e available in a\n-0000c620: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 7475 6174 696f ll. situatio\n-0000c630: 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f ns (*note Enviro\n-0000c640: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a29 2e0a nment block::)..\n-0000c650: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c . The defaul\n-0000c660: 7420 6973 2027 3027 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 t is '0'...'GRUB\n-0000c670: 5f53 4156 4544 4546 4155 4c54 270a 2020 _SAVEDEFAULT'. \n-0000c680: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f If this optio\n-0000c690: 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2774 7275 n is set to 'tru\n-0000c6a0: 6527 2c20 7468 656e 2c20 7768 656e 2061 e', then, when a\n-0000c6b0: 6e20 656e 7472 7920 6973 2073 656c 6563 n entry is selec\n-0000c6c0: 7465 642c 0a20 2020 2020 7361 7665 2069 ted,. save i\n-0000c6d0: 7420 6173 2061 206e 6577 2064 6566 6175 t as a new defau\n-0000c6e0: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 2075 7365 lt entry for use\n-0000c6f0: 2062 7920 6675 7475 7265 2072 756e 7320 by future runs \n-0000c700: 6f66 2047 5255 422e 2054 6869 730a 2020 of GRUB. This. \n-0000c710: 2020 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 is only usefu\n-0000c720: 6c20 6966 2027 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 l if 'GRUB_DEFAU\n-0000c730: 4c54 3d73 6176 6564 273b 2069 7420 6973 LT=saved'; it is\n-0000c740: 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 6f70 7469 a separate opti\n-0000c750: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 6361 7573 6520 on. because \n-0000c760: 2747 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d 7361 'GRUB_DEFAULT=sa\n-0000c770: 7665 6427 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c 2077 ved' is useful w\n-0000c780: 6974 686f 7574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 ithout this opti\n-0000c790: 6f6e 2c20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e6a on, in. conj\n-0000c7a0: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7769 7468 2027 6772 unction with 'gr\n-0000c7b0: 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 6175 6c74 272e ub-set-default'.\n-0000c7c0: 2020 556e 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 6175 Unset by defau\n-0000c7d0: 6c74 2e20 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 206f lt. This. o\n-0000c7e0: 7074 696f 6e20 7265 6c69 6573 206f 6e20 ption relies on \n-0000c7f0: 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 the environment \n-0000c800: 626c 6f63 6b2c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 block, which may\n-0000c810: 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c not be availabl\n-0000c820: 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 7369 e. in all si\n-0000c830: 7475 6174 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 tuations (*note \n-0000c840: 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 Environment bloc\n-0000c850: 6b3a 3a29 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f54 494d k::)...'GRUB_TIM\n-0000c860: 454f 5554 270a 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 7420 EOUT'. Boot \n-0000c870: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 the default entr\n-0000c880: 7920 7468 6973 206d 616e 7920 7365 636f y this many seco\n-0000c890: 6e64 7320 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 6d65 nds after the me\n-0000c8a0: 6e75 2069 730a 2020 2020 2064 6973 706c nu is. displ\n-0000c8b0: 6179 6564 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2061 206b ayed, unless a k\n-0000c8c0: 6579 2069 7320 7072 6573 7365 642e 2020 ey is pressed. \n-0000c8d0: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2027 The default is '\n-0000c8e0: 3527 2e20 2053 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 5'. Set to. \n-0000c8f0: 2027 3027 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6d6d '0' to boot imm\n-0000c900: 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2077 6974 686f 7574 ediately without\n-0000c910: 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 6720 7468 6520 displaying the \n-0000c920: 6d65 6e75 2c20 6f72 2074 6f20 272d 3127 menu, or to '-1'\n-0000c930: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2077 6169 7420 696e to. wait in\n-0000c940: 6465 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 definitely... \n-0000c950: 2020 4966 2027 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f If 'GRUB_TIMEO\n-0000c960: 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 2720 6973 2073 6574 UT_STYLE' is set\n-0000c970: 2074 6f20 2763 6f75 6e74 646f 776e 2720 to 'countdown' \n-0000c980: 6f72 2027 6869 6464 656e 272c 2074 6865 or 'hidden', the\n-0000c990: 0a20 2020 2020 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6973 . timeout is\n-0000c9a0: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 instead counted\n-0000c9b0: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 before the menu\n-0000c9c0: 2069 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642e 0a0a is displayed...\n-0000c9d0: 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 'GRUB_TIMEOUT_ST\n-0000c9e0: 594c 4527 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 YLE'. If thi\n-0000c9f0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 756e 7365 s option is unse\n-0000ca00: 7420 6f72 2073 6574 2074 6f20 276d 656e t or set to 'men\n-0000ca10: 7527 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 7769 u', then GRUB wi\n-0000ca20: 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 0a20 2020 2020 ll display. \n-0000ca30: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2074 6865 the menu and the\n-0000ca40: 6e20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2074 n wait for the t\n-0000ca50: 696d 656f 7574 2073 6574 2062 7920 2747 imeout set by 'G\n-0000ca60: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 5427 2074 6f0a RUB_TIMEOUT' to.\n-0000ca70: 2020 2020 2065 7870 6972 6520 6265 666f expire befo\n-0000ca80: 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 re booting the d\n-0000ca90: 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2050 efault entry. P\n-0000caa0: 7265 7373 696e 6720 6120 6b65 7920 696e ressing a key in\n-0000cab0: 7465 7272 7570 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7468 terrupts. th\n-0000cac0: 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 e timeout... \n-0000cad0: 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 If this option \n-0000cae0: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2763 6f75 6e74 is set to 'count\n-0000caf0: 646f 776e 2720 6f72 2027 6869 6464 656e down' or 'hidden\n-0000cb00: 272c 2074 6865 6e2c 2062 6566 6f72 650a ', then, before.\n-0000cb10: 2020 2020 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 6720 displaying \n-0000cb20: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 4752 5542 2077 the menu, GRUB w\n-0000cb30: 696c 6c20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2074 6865 ill wait for the\n-0000cb40: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2073 6574 2062 790a timeout set by.\n-0000cb50: 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 'GRUB_TIMEO\n-0000cb60: 5554 2720 746f 2065 7870 6972 652e 2020 UT' to expire. \n-0000cb70: 4966 203c 4553 433e 206f 7220 3c46 343e If or \n-0000cb80: 2061 7265 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6f72 are pressed, or\n-0000cb90: 203c 5348 4946 543e 0a20 2020 2020 6973 . is\n-0000cba0: 2068 656c 6420 646f 776e 2064 7572 696e held down durin\n-0000cbb0: 6720 7468 6174 2074 696d 652c 2069 7420 g that time, it \n-0000cbc0: 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 will display the\n-0000cbd0: 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 7761 6974 0a20 menu and wait. \n-0000cbe0: 2020 2020 666f 7220 696e 7075 742e 2020 for input. \n-0000cbf0: 4966 2061 2068 6f74 6b65 7920 6173 736f If a hotkey asso\n-0000cc00: 6369 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d65 ciated with a me\n-0000cc10: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 7072 6573 nu entry is pres\n-0000cc20: 7365 642c 2069 740a 2020 2020 2077 696c sed, it. wil\n-0000cc30: 6c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2061 7373 6f63 l boot the assoc\n-0000cc40: 6961 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 iated menu entry\n-0000cc50: 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2e20 2049 immediately. I\n-0000cc60: 6620 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 740a 2020 f the timeout. \n-0000cc70: 2020 2065 7870 6972 6573 2062 6566 6f72 expires befor\n-0000cc80: 6520 6569 7468 6572 206f 6620 7468 6573 e either of thes\n-0000cc90: 6520 6861 7070 656e 732c 2069 7420 7769 e happens, it wi\n-0000cca0: 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6465 6661 ll boot the defa\n-0000ccb0: 756c 740a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 ult. entry. \n-0000ccc0: 2049 6e20 7468 6520 2763 6f75 6e74 646f In the 'countdo\n-0000ccd0: 776e 2720 6361 7365 2c20 6974 2077 696c wn' case, it wil\n-0000cce0: 6c20 7368 6f77 2061 206f 6e65 2d6c 696e l show a one-lin\n-0000ccf0: 6520 696e 6469 6361 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 e indication. \n-0000cd00: 2020 6f66 2074 6865 2072 656d 6169 6e69 of the remaini\n-0000cd10: 6e67 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f ng time...'GRUB_\n-0000cd20: 4445 4641 554c 545f 4255 5454 4f4e 270a DEFAULT_BUTTON'.\n-0000cd30: 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 'GRUB_TIMEOUT_BU\n-0000cd40: 5454 4f4e 270a 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 TTON'.'GRUB_TIME\n-0000cd50: 4f55 545f 5354 594c 455f 4255 5454 4f4e OUT_STYLE_BUTTON\n-0000cd60: 270a 2747 5255 425f 4255 5454 4f4e 5f43 '.'GRUB_BUTTON_C\n-0000cd70: 4d4f 535f 4144 4452 4553 5327 0a20 2020 MOS_ADDRESS'. \n-0000cd80: 2020 5661 7269 616e 7473 206f 6620 7468 Variants of th\n-0000cd90: 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e corresponding \n-0000cda0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7769 7468 6f75 variables withou\n-0000cdb0: 7420 7468 6520 275f 4255 5454 4f4e 270a t the '_BUTTON'.\n-0000cdc0: 2020 2020 2073 7566 6669 782c 2075 7365 suffix, use\n-0000cdd0: 6420 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2076 656e d to support ven\n-0000cde0: 646f 722d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2070 6f77 dor-specific pow\n-0000cdf0: 6572 2062 7574 746f 6e73 2e20 202a 4e6f er buttons. *No\n-0000ce00: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 te. Vendor p\n-0000ce10: 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 3a3a 2e0a ower-on keys::..\n-0000ce20: 0a27 4752 5542 5f44 4953 5452 4942 5554 .'GRUB_DISTRIBUT\n-0000ce30: 4f52 270a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2062 7920 OR'. Set by \n-0000ce40: 6469 7374 7269 6275 746f 7273 206f 6620 distributors of \n-0000ce50: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7468 6569 7220 6964 GRUB to their id\n-0000ce60: 656e 7469 6679 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 2e20 entifying name. \n-0000ce70: 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7573 This is. us\n-0000ce80: 6564 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d ed to generate m\n-0000ce90: 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 6976 6520 ore informative \n-0000cea0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6974 6c65 menu entry title\n-0000ceb0: 732e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e s...'GRUB_TERMIN\n-0000cec0: 414c 5f49 4e50 5554 270a 2020 2020 2053 AL_INPUT'. S\n-0000ced0: 656c 6563 7420 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e elect the termin\n-0000cee0: 616c 2069 6e70 7574 2064 6576 6963 652e al input device.\n-0000cef0: 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 7365 6c65 6374 You may select\n-0000cf00: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6465 7669 6365 multiple device\n-0000cf10: 730a 2020 2020 2068 6572 652c 2073 6570 s. here, sep\n-0000cf20: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 arated by spaces\n-0000cf30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5661 6c69 6420 7465 ... Valid te\n-0000cf40: 726d 696e 616c 2069 6e70 7574 206e 616d rminal input nam\n-0000cf50: 6573 2064 6570 656e 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 es depend on the\n-0000cf60: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2062 7574 206d platform, but m\n-0000cf70: 6179 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 0a20 2020 2020 ay include. \n-0000cf80: 2763 6f6e 736f 6c65 2720 286e 6174 6976 'console' (nativ\n-0000cf90: 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2063 6f6e 736f e platform conso\n-0000cfa0: 6c65 292c 2027 7365 7269 616c 2720 2873 le), 'serial' (s\n-0000cfb0: 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 292c erial terminal),\n-0000cfc0: 0a20 2020 2020 2773 6572 6961 6c5f 3c70 . 'serial_' (serial te\n-0000cfe0: 726d 696e 616c 2077 6974 6820 6578 706c rminal with expl\n-0000cff0: 6963 6974 2070 6f72 7420 7365 6c65 6374 icit port select\n-0000d000: 696f 6e29 2c0a 2020 2020 2027 6174 5f6b ion),. 'at_k\n-0000d010: 6579 626f 6172 6427 2028 5043 2041 5420 eyboard' (PC AT \n-0000d020: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 292c 206f 7220 2775 keyboard), or 'u\n-0000d030: 7362 5f6b 6579 626f 6172 6427 2028 5553 sb_keyboard' (US\n-0000d040: 4220 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 0a20 2020 2020 B keyboard. \n-0000d050: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4849 4420 426f using the HID Bo\n-0000d060: 6f74 2050 726f 746f 636f 6c2c 2066 6f72 ot Protocol, for\n-0000d070: 2063 6173 6573 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 cases where the\n-0000d080: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 646f 6573 206e firmware does n\n-0000d090: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e64 6c65 2074 ot. handle t\n-0000d0a0: 6869 7329 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 his)... The \n-0000d0b0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6f20 7573 default is to us\n-0000d0c0: 6520 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2773 e the platform's\n-0000d0d0: 206e 6174 6976 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c native terminal\n-0000d0e0: 2069 6e70 7574 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f54 input...'GRUB_T\n-0000d0f0: 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 4f55 5450 5554 270a ERMINAL_OUTPUT'.\n-0000d100: 2020 2020 2053 656c 6563 7420 7468 6520 Select the \n-0000d110: 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 7420 terminal output \n-0000d120: 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 6179 device. You may\n-0000d130: 2073 656c 6563 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 select multiple\n-0000d140: 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6865 devices. he\n-0000d150: 7265 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 re, separated by\n-0000d160: 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 spaces... V\n-0000d170: 616c 6964 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 alid terminal ou\n-0000d180: 7470 7574 206e 616d 6573 2064 6570 656e tput names depen\n-0000d190: 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 d on the platfor\n-0000d1a0: 6d2c 2062 7574 206d 6179 2069 6e63 6c75 m, but may inclu\n-0000d1b0: 6465 0a20 2020 2020 2763 6f6e 736f 6c65 de. 'console\n-0000d1c0: 2720 286e 6174 6976 6520 706c 6174 666f ' (native platfo\n-0000d1d0: 726d 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 292c 2027 7365 rm console), 'se\n-0000d1e0: 7269 616c 2720 2873 6572 6961 6c20 7465 rial' (serial te\n-0000d1f0: 726d 696e 616c 292c 0a20 2020 2020 2773 rminal),. 's\n-0000d200: 6572 6961 6c5f 3c70 6f72 743e 2720 2873 erial_' (s\n-0000d210: 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 erial terminal w\n-0000d220: 6974 6820 6578 706c 6963 6974 2070 6f72 ith explicit por\n-0000d230: 7420 7365 6c65 6374 696f 6e29 2c0a 2020 t selection),. \n-0000d240: 2020 2027 6766 7874 6572 6d27 2028 6772 'gfxterm' (gr\n-0000d250: 6170 6869 6373 2d6d 6f64 6520 6f75 7470 aphics-mode outp\n-0000d260: 7574 292c 2027 7667 615f 7465 7874 2720 ut), 'vga_text' \n-0000d270: 2856 4741 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 (VGA text output\n-0000d280: 292c 0a20 2020 2020 276d 6461 5f74 6578 ),. 'mda_tex\n-0000d290: 7427 2028 4d44 4120 7465 7874 206f 7574 t' (MDA text out\n-0000d2a0: 7075 7429 2c20 276d 6f72 7365 2720 284d put), 'morse' (M\n-0000d2b0: 6f72 7365 2d63 6f64 696e 6720 7573 696e orse-coding usin\n-0000d2c0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6265 g system. be\n-0000d2d0: 6570 6572 2920 6f72 2027 7370 6b6d 6f64 eper) or 'spkmod\n-0000d2e0: 656d 2720 2873 696d 706c 6520 6461 7461 em' (simple data\n-0000d2f0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c20 7573 696e 6720 protocol using \n-0000d300: 7379 7374 656d 2073 7065 616b 6572 292e system speaker).\n-0000d310: 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d .. 'spkmodem\n-0000d320: 2720 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7768 656e ' is useful when\n-0000d330: 206e 6f20 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 no serial port \n-0000d340: 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2043 is available. C\n-0000d350: 6f6e 6e65 6374 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 onnect the. \n-0000d360: 6f75 7470 7574 206f 6620 7365 6e64 696e output of sendin\n-0000d370: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2028 7768 6572 6520 g system (where \n-0000d380: 4752 5542 2069 7320 7275 6e6e 696e 6729 GRUB is running)\n-0000d390: 2074 6f20 6c69 6e65 2d69 6e20 6f66 0a20 to line-in of. \n-0000d3a0: 2020 2020 7265 6365 6976 696e 6720 7379 receiving sy\n-0000d3b0: 7374 656d 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6465 stem (usually de\n-0000d3c0: 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 6d61 6368 696e 6529 veloper machine)\n-0000d3d0: 2e20 204f 6e20 7265 6365 6976 696e 6720 . On receiving \n-0000d3e0: 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 system. comp\n-0000d3f0: 696c 6520 2773 706b 6d6f 6465 6d2d 7265 ile 'spkmodem-re\n-0000d400: 6376 2720 6672 6f6d 2027 7574 696c 2f73 cv' from 'util/s\n-0000d410: 706b 6d6f 6465 6d2d 7265 6376 2e63 2720 pkmodem-recv.c' \n-0000d420: 616e 6420 7275 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 and run:.. \n-0000d430: 2020 2020 7061 7265 636f 7264 202d 2d63 parecord --c\n-0000d440: 6861 6e6e 656c 733d 3120 2d2d 7261 7465 hannels=1 --rate\n-0000d450: 3d34 3830 3030 202d 2d66 6f72 6d61 743d =48000 --format=\n-0000d460: 7331 366c 6520 7c20 2e2f 7370 6b6d 6f64 s16le | ./spkmod\n-0000d470: 656d 2d72 6563 760a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 em-recv.. Th\n-0000d480: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6f20 e default is to \n-0000d490: 7573 6520 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d use the platform\n-0000d4a0: 2773 206e 6174 6976 6520 7465 726d 696e 's native termin\n-0000d4b0: 616c 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 2747 5255 al output...'GRU\n-0000d4c0: 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 270a 2020 2020 B_TERMINAL'. \n-0000d4d0: 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 If this option \n-0000d4e0: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206f 7665 7272 is set, it overr\n-0000d4f0: 6964 6573 2062 6f74 6820 2747 5255 425f ides both 'GRUB_\n-0000d500: 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f49 4e50 5554 2720 TERMINAL_INPUT' \n-0000d510: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f54 and. 'GRUB_T\n-0000d520: 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 4f55 5450 5554 2720 ERMINAL_OUTPUT' \n-0000d530: 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7661 6c75 to the same valu\n-0000d540: 652e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 5345 5249 414c e...'GRUB_SERIAL\n-0000d550: 5f43 4f4d 4d41 4e44 270a 2020 2020 2041 _COMMAND'. A\n-0000d560: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 command to conf\n-0000d570: 6967 7572 6520 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c igure the serial\n-0000d580: 2070 6f72 7420 7768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 port when using\n-0000d590: 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 2020 2020 the serial. \n-0000d5a0: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 console. *Note\n-0000d5b0: 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 3a2e 2020 4465 6661 serial::. Defa\n-0000d5c0: 756c 7473 2074 6f20 2773 6572 6961 6c27 ults to 'serial'\n-0000d5d0: 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 ...'GRUB_CMDLINE\n-0000d5e0: 5f4c 494e 5558 270a 2020 2020 2043 6f6d _LINUX'. Com\n-0000d5f0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6172 6775 6d65 mand-line argume\n-0000d600: 6e74 7320 746f 2061 6464 2074 6f20 6d65 nts to add to me\n-0000d610: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2066 6f72 2074 nu entries for t\n-0000d620: 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e he Linux kernel.\n-0000d630: 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f ..'GRUB_CMDLINE_\n-0000d640: 4c49 4e55 585f 4445 4641 554c 5427 0a20 LINUX_DEFAULT'. \n-0000d650: 2020 2020 556e 6c65 7373 2027 4752 5542 Unless 'GRUB\n-0000d660: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 _DISABLE_RECOVER\n-0000d670: 5927 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2027 7472 Y' is set to 'tr\n-0000d680: 7565 272c 2074 776f 206d 656e 7520 656e ue', two menu en\n-0000d690: 7472 6965 730a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 tries. will \n-0000d6a0: 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2066 6f72 be generated for\n-0000d6b0: 2065 6163 6820 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e each Linux kern\n-0000d6c0: 656c 3a20 6f6e 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 el: one default \n-0000d6d0: 656e 7472 7920 616e 6420 6f6e 650a 2020 entry and one. \n-0000d6e0: 2020 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 2072 6563 entry for rec\n-0000d6f0: 6f76 6572 7920 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6869 overy mode. Thi\n-0000d700: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206c 6973 7473 2063 s option lists c\n-0000d710: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6172 6775 ommand-line argu\n-0000d720: 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6164 ments. to ad\n-0000d730: 6420 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 d only to the de\n-0000d740: 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 fault menu entry\n-0000d750: 2c20 6166 7465 7220 7468 6f73 6520 6c69 , after those li\n-0000d760: 7374 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2027 4752 sted in. 'GR\n-0000d770: 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_CMDLINE_LINUX\n-0000d780: 272e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e '...'GRUB_CMDLIN\n-0000d790: 455f 4e45 5442 5344 270a 2747 5255 425f E_NETBSD'.'GRUB_\n-0000d7a0: 434d 444c 494e 455f 4e45 5442 5344 5f44 CMDLINE_NETBSD_D\n-0000d7b0: 4546 4155 4c54 270a 2020 2020 2041 7320 EFAULT'. As \n-0000d7c0: 2747 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 'GRUB_CMDLINE_LI\n-0000d7d0: 4e55 5827 2061 6e64 2027 4752 5542 5f43 NUX' and 'GRUB_C\n-0000d7e0: 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 MDLINE_LINUX_DEF\n-0000d7f0: 4155 4c54 272c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a20 AULT', but for. \n-0000d800: 2020 2020 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a 0a27 4752 NetBSD...'GR\n-0000d810: 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f47 4e55 4d41 UB_CMDLINE_GNUMA\n-0000d820: 4348 270a 2020 2020 2041 7320 2747 5255 CH'. As 'GRU\n-0000d830: 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 5827 B_CMDLINE_LINUX'\n-0000d840: 2c20 6275 7420 666f 7220 474e 5520 4d61 , but for GNU Ma\n-0000d850: 6368 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 ch...'GRUB_CMDLI\n-0000d860: 4e45 5f58 454e 270a 2747 5255 425f 434d NE_XEN'.'GRUB_CM\n-0000d870: 444c 494e 455f 5845 4e5f 4445 4641 554c DLINE_XEN_DEFAUL\n-0000d880: 5427 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 T'. The valu\n-0000d890: 6573 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 es of these opti\n-0000d8a0: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 2074 ons are passed t\n-0000d8b0: 6f20 5865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 o Xen hypervisor\n-0000d8c0: 2058 656e 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 Xen menu. e\n-0000d8d0: 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 666f 7220 616c 6c20 ntries, for all \n-0000d8e0: 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 206e 6f72 respectively nor\n-0000d8f0: 6d61 6c20 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 2747 mal entries...'G\n-0000d900: 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_CMDLINE_LINU\n-0000d910: 585f 5845 4e5f 5245 504c 4143 4527 0a27 X_XEN_REPLACE'.'\n-0000d920: 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e GRUB_CMDLINE_LIN\n-0000d930: 5558 5f58 454e 5f52 4550 4c41 4345 5f44 UX_XEN_REPLACE_D\n-0000d940: 4546 4155 4c54 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 EFAULT'. The\n-0000d950: 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 2074 6865 7365 values of these\n-0000d960: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2072 6570 6c61 6365 options replace\n-0000d970: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 0a20 the values of. \n-0000d980: 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 'GRUB_CMDLIN\n-0000d990: 455f 4c49 4e55 5827 2061 6e64 2027 4752 E_LINUX' and 'GR\n-0000d9a0: 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_CMDLINE_LINUX\n-0000d9b0: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 2720 666f 7220 4c69 _DEFAULT' for Li\n-0000d9c0: 6e75 7820 616e 640a 2020 2020 2058 656e nux and. Xen\n-0000d9d0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a menu entries...\n-0000d9e0: 2747 5255 425f 4541 524c 595f 494e 4954 'GRUB_EARLY_INIT\n-0000d9f0: 5244 5f4c 494e 5558 5f43 5553 544f 4d27 RD_LINUX_CUSTOM'\n-0000da00: 0a27 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 .'GRUB_EARLY_INI\n-0000da10: 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 5354 4f43 4b27 TRD_LINUX_STOCK'\n-0000da20: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 6620 7370 . List of sp\n-0000da30: 6163 652d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6561 ace-separated ea\n-0000da40: 726c 7920 696e 6974 7264 2069 6d61 6765 rly initrd image\n-0000da50: 7320 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 s to be loaded f\n-0000da60: 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2027 2f62 6f6f 7427 rom. '/boot'\n-0000da70: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2066 6f72 206c . This is for l\n-0000da80: 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 6869 6e67 7320 6c69 oading things li\n-0000da90: 6b65 2043 5055 206d 6963 726f 636f 6465 ke CPU microcode\n-0000daa0: 2c20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2c0a 2020 2020 , firmware,. \n-0000dab0: 2041 4350 4920 7461 626c 6573 2c20 6372 ACPI tables, cr\n-0000dac0: 7970 746f 206b 6579 732c 2061 6e64 2073 ypto keys, and s\n-0000dad0: 6f20 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 7365 2065 6172 o on. These ear\n-0000dae0: 6c79 2069 6d61 6765 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 ly images will b\n-0000daf0: 650a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696e e. loaded in\n-0000db00: 2074 6865 206f 7264 6572 2064 6563 6c61 the order decla\n-0000db10: 7265 642c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 2077 696c red, and all wil\n-0000db20: 6c20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6265 666f l be loaded befo\n-0000db30: 7265 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6163 7475 re the. actu\n-0000db40: 616c 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 696e al functional in\n-0000db50: 6974 7264 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 itrd image... \n-0000db60: 2020 2747 5255 425f 4541 524c 595f 494e 'GRUB_EARLY_IN\n-0000db70: 4954 5244 5f4c 494e 5558 5f53 544f 434b ITRD_LINUX_STOCK\n-0000db80: 2720 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 6469 ' is for your di\n-0000db90: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 6465 stribution to de\n-0000dba0: 636c 6172 650a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 clare. image\n-0000dbb0: 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 2070 726f 7669 s that are provi\n-0000dbc0: 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2064 6973 7472 ded by the distr\n-0000dbd0: 6962 7574 696f 6e2e 2020 4974 2073 686f ibution. It sho\n-0000dbe0: 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 uld not be. \n-0000dbf0: 6d6f 6469 6669 6564 2077 6974 686f 7574 modified without\n-0000dc00: 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6469 6e67 2074 understanding t\n-0000dc10: 6865 2063 6f6e 7365 7175 656e 6365 732e he consequences.\n-0000dc20: 2020 5468 6579 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 They will be. \n-0000dc30: 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 6972 7374 loaded first\n-0000dc40: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f 4541 ... 'GRUB_EA\n-0000dc50: 524c 595f 494e 4954 5244 5f4c 494e 5558 RLY_INITRD_LINUX\n-0000dc60: 5f43 5553 544f 4d27 2069 7320 666f 7220 _CUSTOM' is for \n-0000dc70: 796f 7572 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6372 6561 your custom crea\n-0000dc80: 7465 6420 696d 6167 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 ted images... \n-0000dc90: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7374 The default st\n-0000dca0: 6f63 6b20 696d 6167 6573 2061 7265 2061 ock images are a\n-0000dcb0: 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 732c 2074 686f 7567 s follows, thoug\n-0000dcc0: 6820 7468 6579 206d 6179 2062 650a 2020 h they may be. \n-0000dcd0: 2020 206f 7665 7272 6964 6465 6e20 6279 overridden by\n-0000dce0: 2079 6f75 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 your distributi\n-0000dcf0: 6f6e 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e on:. in\n-0000dd00: 7465 6c2d 7563 2e69 6d67 2069 6e74 656c tel-uc.img intel\n-0000dd10: 2d75 636f 6465 2e69 6d67 2061 6d64 2d75 -ucode.img amd-u\n-0000dd20: 632e 696d 6720 616d 642d 7563 6f64 652e c.img amd-ucode.\n-0000dd30: 696d 6720 6561 726c 795f 7563 6f64 652e img early_ucode.\n-0000dd40: 6370 696f 206d 6963 726f 636f 6465 2e63 cpio microcode.c\n-0000dd50: 7069 6f0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 pio..'GRUB_DISAB\n-0000dd60: 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 5549 4427 0a20 LE_LINUX_UUID'. \n-0000dd70: 2020 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 2767 Normally, 'g\n-0000dd80: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2720 7769 rub-mkconfig' wi\n-0000dd90: 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6d65 6e75 ll generate menu\n-0000dda0: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2074 6861 7420 7573 entries that us\n-0000ddb0: 650a 2020 2020 2075 6e69 7665 7273 616c e. universal\n-0000ddc0: 6c79 2d75 6e69 7175 6520 6964 656e 7469 ly-unique identi\n-0000ddd0: 6669 6572 7320 2855 5549 4473 2920 746f fiers (UUIDs) to\n-0000dde0: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7920 7468 6520 726f identify the ro\n-0000ddf0: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 ot. filesyst\n-0000de00: 656d 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 em to the Linux \n-0000de10: 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6120 kernel, using a \n-0000de20: 2772 6f6f 743d 5555 4944 3d2e 2e2e 2720 'root=UUID=...' \n-0000de30: 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7261 kernel. para\n-0000de40: 6d65 7465 722e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 meter. This is \n-0000de50: 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6d6f 7265 2072 656c usually more rel\n-0000de60: 6961 626c 652c 2062 7574 2069 6e20 736f iable, but in so\n-0000de70: 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2069 7420 6d61 790a me cases it may.\n-0000de80: 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6170 7072 not be appr\n-0000de90: 6f70 7269 6174 652e 2020 546f 2064 6973 opriate. To dis\n-0000dea0: 6162 6c65 2074 6865 2075 7365 206f 6620 able the use of \n-0000deb0: 5555 4944 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 UUIDs, set this \n-0000dec0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2027 option. to '\n-0000ded0: 7472 7565 272e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 4449 true'...'GRUB_DI\n-0000dee0: 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 SABLE_LINUX_PART\n-0000def0: 5555 4944 270a 2020 2020 2049 6620 2767 UUID'. If 'g\n-0000df00: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2720 6361 rub-mkconfig' ca\n-0000df10: 6e6e 6f74 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7920 7468 nnot identify th\n-0000df20: 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 e root filesyste\n-0000df30: 6d20 7669 6120 6974 730a 2020 2020 2075 m via its. u\n-0000df40: 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2d75 6e69 7175 niversally-uniqu\n-0000df50: 6520 696e 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 2855 e indentifier (U\n-0000df60: 5549 4429 2c20 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f UID), 'grub-mkco\n-0000df70: 6e66 6967 2720 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 nfig' can use th\n-0000df80: 650a 2020 2020 2055 5549 4420 6f66 2074 e. UUID of t\n-0000df90: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6e he partition con\n-0000dfa0: 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 6c65 taining the file\n-0000dfb0: 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 system to identi\n-0000dfc0: 6679 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 726f 6f74 fy the. root\n-0000dfd0: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2074 filesystem to t\n-0000dfe0: 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 he Linux kernel \n-0000dff0: 7669 6120 6120 2772 6f6f 743d 5041 5254 via a 'root=PART\n-0000e000: 5555 4944 3d2e 2e2e 270a 2020 2020 206b UUID=...'. k\n-0000e010: 6572 6e65 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 722e ernel parameter.\n-0000e020: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6173 This is not as\n-0000e030: 2072 656c 6961 626c 6520 6173 2075 7369 reliable as usi\n-0000e040: 6e67 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 ng the filesyste\n-0000e050: 6d0a 2020 2020 2055 5549 442c 2062 7574 m. UUID, but\n-0000e060: 2069 7320 6d6f 7265 2072 656c 6961 626c is more reliabl\n-0000e070: 6520 7468 616e 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 e than using the\n-0000e080: 204c 696e 7578 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 Linux device na\n-0000e090: 6d65 732e 2020 5768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 mes. When. \n-0000e0a0: 2747 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 'GRUB_DISABLE_LI\n-0000e0b0: 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 2720 6973 NUX_PARTUUID' is\n-0000e0c0: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2766 616c 7365 272c set to 'false',\n-0000e0d0: 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 the Linux kerne\n-0000e0e0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206d l. version m\n-0000e0f0: 7573 7420 6265 2032 2e36 2e33 3720 2833 ust be 2.6.37 (3\n-0000e100: 2e31 3020 666f 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 .10 for systems \n-0000e110: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4d53 444f 5320 using the MSDOS \n-0000e120: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2073 partition. s\n-0000e130: 6368 656d 6529 206f 7220 6e65 7765 722e cheme) or newer.\n-0000e140: 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6465 This option de\n-0000e150: 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 2774 7275 6527 faults to 'true'\n-0000e160: 2e20 2054 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2074 6865 . To enable the\n-0000e170: 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 6f66 2070 6172 . use of par\n-0000e180: 7469 7469 6f6e 2055 5549 4473 2c20 7365 tition UUIDs, se\n-0000e190: 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f t this option to\n-0000e1a0: 2027 6661 6c73 6527 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 'false'...'GRUB\n-0000e1b0: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 _DISABLE_RECOVER\n-0000e1c0: 5927 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 Y'. If this \n-0000e1d0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f option is set to\n-0000e1e0: 2027 7472 7565 272c 2064 6973 6162 6c65 'true', disable\n-0000e1f0: 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 the generation \n-0000e200: 6f66 2072 6563 6f76 6572 790a 2020 2020 of recovery. \n-0000e210: 206d 6f64 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 mode menu entri\n-0000e220: 6573 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 es...'GRUB_DISAB\n-0000e230: 4c45 5f55 5549 4427 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f LE_UUID'. No\n-0000e240: 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 2767 7275 622d 6d6b rmally, 'grub-mk\n-0000e250: 636f 6e66 6967 2720 7769 6c6c 2067 656e config' will gen\n-0000e260: 6572 6174 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 erate menu entri\n-0000e270: 6573 2074 6861 7420 7573 650a 2020 2020 es that use. \n-0000e280: 2075 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2d75 6e69 universally-uni\n-0000e290: 7175 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 que identifiers \n-0000e2a0: 2855 5549 4473 2920 746f 2069 6465 6e74 (UUIDs) to ident\n-0000e2b0: 6966 7920 7661 7269 6f75 730a 2020 2020 ify various. \n-0000e2c0: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 2074 6f20 filesystems to \n-0000e2d0: 7365 6172 6368 2066 6f72 2066 696c 6573 search for files\n-0000e2e0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2075 7375 616c . This is usual\n-0000e2f0: 6c79 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 ly more reliable\n-0000e300: 2c0a 2020 2020 2062 7574 2069 6e20 736f ,. but in so\n-0000e310: 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2069 7420 6d61 7920 me cases it may \n-0000e320: 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 not be appropria\n-0000e330: 7465 2e20 2054 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 te. To disable \n-0000e340: 7468 6973 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 this use. of\n-0000e350: 2055 5549 4473 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 UUIDs, set this\n-0000e360: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 2027 7472 7565 option to 'true\n-0000e370: 272e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 '. Setting this\n-0000e380: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 option to. \n-0000e390: 2774 7275 6527 2c20 7769 6c6c 2061 6c73 'true', will als\n-0000e3a0: 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e o set the option\n-0000e3b0: 7320 2747 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f s 'GRUB_DISABLE_\n-0000e3c0: 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 2720 616e 640a LINUX_UUID' and.\n-0000e3d0: 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 'GRUB_DISAB\n-0000e3e0: 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 LE_LINUX_PARTUUI\n-0000e3f0: 4427 2074 6f20 2774 7275 6527 2c20 756e D' to 'true', un\n-0000e400: 6c65 7373 2074 6865 7920 6861 7665 2062 less they have b\n-0000e410: 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 2065 7870 6c69 6369 een. explici\n-0000e420: 6c74 7920 7365 7420 746f 2027 6661 6c73 lty set to 'fals\n-0000e430: 6527 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f56 4944 454f e'...'GRUB_VIDEO\n-0000e440: 5f42 4143 4b45 4e44 270a 2020 2020 2049 _BACKEND'. I\n-0000e450: 6620 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7669 6465 f graphical vide\n-0000e460: 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2072 6571 o support is req\n-0000e470: 7569 7265 642c 2065 6974 6865 7220 6265 uired, either be\n-0000e480: 6361 7573 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2027 cause the. '\n-0000e490: 6766 7874 6572 6d27 2067 7261 7068 6963 gfxterm' graphic\n-0000e4a0: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6973 2069 al terminal is i\n-0000e4b0: 6e20 7573 6520 6f72 2062 6563 6175 7365 n use or because\n-0000e4c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f 4746 5850 . 'GRUB_GFXP\n-0000e4d0: 4159 4c4f 4144 5f4c 494e 5558 2720 6973 AYLOAD_LINUX' is\n-0000e4e0: 2073 6574 2c20 7468 656e 2027 6772 7562 set, then 'grub\n-0000e4f0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2077 696c 6c20 -mkconfig' will \n-0000e500: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f normally. lo\n-0000e510: 6164 2061 6c6c 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ad all available\n-0000e520: 2047 5255 4220 7669 6465 6f20 6472 6976 GRUB video driv\n-0000e530: 6572 7320 616e 6420 7573 6520 7468 6520 ers and use the \n-0000e540: 6f6e 6520 6d6f 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6170 one most. ap\n-0000e550: 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 666f 7220 796f propriate for yo\n-0000e560: 7572 2068 6172 6477 6172 652e 2020 4966 ur hardware. If\n-0000e570: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 206f 7665 you need to ove\n-0000e580: 7272 6964 6520 7468 6973 2066 6f72 0a20 rride this for. \n-0000e590: 2020 2020 736f 6d65 2072 6561 736f 6e2c some reason,\n-0000e5a0: 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7365 then you can se\n-0000e5b0: 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a t this option...\n-0000e5c0: 2020 2020 2041 6674 6572 2027 6772 7562 After 'grub\n-0000e5d0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2720 6861 7320 6265 -install' has be\n-0000e5e0: 656e 2072 756e 2c20 7468 6520 6176 6169 en run, the avai\n-0000e5f0: 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6472 6976 lable video driv\n-0000e600: 6572 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 206c 6973 ers are. lis\n-0000e610: 7465 6420 696e 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 ted in '/boot/gr\n-0000e620: 7562 2f76 6964 656f 2e6c 7374 272e 0a0a ub/video.lst'...\n-0000e630: 2747 5255 425f 4746 584d 4f44 4527 0a20 'GRUB_GFXMODE'. \n-0000e640: 2020 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 7265 736f Set the reso\n-0000e650: 6c75 7469 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 lution used on t\n-0000e660: 6865 2027 6766 7874 6572 6d27 2067 7261 he 'gfxterm' gra\n-0000e670: 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e phical terminal.\n-0000e680: 2020 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 Note. that\n-0000e690: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 you can only us\n-0000e6a0: 6520 6d6f 6465 7320 7768 6963 6820 796f e modes which yo\n-0000e6b0: 7572 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 ur graphics card\n-0000e6c0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7669 610a 2020 supports via. \n-0000e6d0: 2020 2056 4553 4120 4249 4f53 2045 7874 VESA BIOS Ext\n-0000e6e0: 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 2856 4245 292c 2073 ensions (VBE), s\n-0000e6f0: 6f20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 6e61 o for example na\n-0000e700: 7469 7665 204c 4344 2070 616e 656c 0a20 tive LCD panel. \n-0000e710: 2020 2020 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 7320 resolutions \n-0000e720: 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c may not be avail\n-0000e730: 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 able. The defau\n-0000e740: 6c74 2069 7320 2761 7574 6f27 2c20 7768 lt is 'auto', wh\n-0000e750: 6963 680a 2020 2020 2074 7269 6573 2074 ich. tries t\n-0000e760: 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 2061 2070 7265 6665 o select a prefe\n-0000e770: 7272 6564 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e2e rred resolution.\n-0000e780: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 6766 786d 6f64 653a *Note gfxmode:\n-0000e790: 3a2e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 4241 434b 4752 :...'GRUB_BACKGR\n-0000e7a0: 4f55 4e44 270a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 OUND'. Set a\n-0000e7b0: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 696d 6167 background imag\n-0000e7c0: 6520 666f 7220 7573 6520 7769 7468 2074 e for use with t\n-0000e7d0: 6865 2027 6766 7874 6572 6d27 2067 7261 he 'gfxterm' gra\n-0000e7e0: 7068 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d phical. term\n-0000e7f0: 696e 616c 2e20 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 inal. The value\n-0000e800: 206f 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 of this option \n-0000e810: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 6669 6c65 2072 must be a file r\n-0000e820: 6561 6461 626c 6520 6279 2047 5255 420a eadable by GRUB.\n-0000e830: 2020 2020 2061 7420 626f 6f74 2074 696d at boot tim\n-0000e840: 652c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2065 e, and it must e\n-0000e850: 6e64 2077 6974 6820 272e 706e 6727 2c20 nd with '.png', \n-0000e860: 272e 7467 6127 2c20 272e 6a70 6727 2c20 '.tga', '.jpg', \n-0000e870: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 272e 6a70 6567 272e or. '.jpeg'.\n-0000e880: 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 7769 6c6c The image will\n-0000e890: 2062 6520 7363 616c 6564 2069 6620 6e65 be scaled if ne\n-0000e8a0: 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f 2066 6974 2074 cessary to fit t\n-0000e8b0: 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 he screen.. \n-0000e8c0: 496d 6167 6520 6865 6967 6874 2061 6e64 Image height and\n-0000e8d0: 2077 6964 7468 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2072 width will be r\n-0000e8e0: 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 6279 2061 6e20 estricted by an \n-0000e8f0: 6172 7469 6669 6369 616c 206c 696d 6974 artificial limit\n-0000e900: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2031 3633 3834 2e0a of. 16384..\n-0000e910: 0a27 4752 5542 5f54 4845 4d45 270a 2020 .'GRUB_THEME'. \n-0000e920: 2020 2053 6574 2061 2074 6865 6d65 2066 Set a theme f\n-0000e930: 6f72 2075 7365 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 or use with the \n-0000e940: 2767 6678 7465 726d 2720 6772 6170 6869 'gfxterm' graphi\n-0000e950: 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a27 cal terminal...'\n-0000e960: 4752 5542 5f47 4658 5041 594c 4f41 445f GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_\n-0000e970: 4c49 4e55 5827 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 LINUX'. Set \n-0000e980: 746f 2027 7465 7874 2720 746f 2066 6f72 to 'text' to for\n-0000e990: 6365 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 ce the Linux ker\n-0000e9a0: 6e65 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206e nel to boot in n\n-0000e9b0: 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 ormal text. \n-0000e9c0: 6d6f 6465 2c20 276b 6565 7027 2074 6f20 mode, 'keep' to \n-0000e9d0: 7072 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 2067 7261 preserve the gra\n-0000e9e0: 7068 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 2073 6574 2075 phics mode set u\n-0000e9f0: 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f sing. 'GRUB_\n-0000ea00: 4746 584d 4f44 4527 2c20 2757 4944 5448 GFXMODE', 'WIDTH\n-0000ea10: 7848 4549 4748 5427 5b27 7844 4550 5448 xHEIGHT'['xDEPTH\n-0000ea20: 275d 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 7061 7274 '] to set a part\n-0000ea30: 6963 756c 6172 0a20 2020 2020 6772 6170 icular. grap\n-0000ea40: 6869 6373 206d 6f64 652c 206f 7220 6120 hics mode, or a \n-0000ea50: 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6573 sequence of thes\n-0000ea60: 6520 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2063 e separated by c\n-0000ea70: 6f6d 6d61 7320 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7365 ommas or. se\n-0000ea80: 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 2074 6f20 7472 7920 micolons to try \n-0000ea90: 7365 7665 7261 6c20 6d6f 6465 7320 696e several modes in\n-0000eaa0: 2073 6571 7565 6e63 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 sequence. *Not\n-0000eab0: 6520 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 3a3a 2e0a e gfxpayload::..\n-0000eac0: 0a20 2020 2020 4465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 . Depending \n-0000ead0: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 on your kernel, \n-0000eae0: 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f your distributio\n-0000eaf0: 6e2c 2079 6f75 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 n, your graphics\n-0000eb00: 2063 6172 642c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 card,. and \n-0000eb10: 7468 6520 7068 6173 6520 6f66 2074 6865 the phase of the\n-0000eb20: 206d 6f6f 6e2c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 moon, note that\n-0000eb30: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 using this opti\n-0000eb40: 6f6e 206d 6179 2063 6175 7365 0a20 2020 on may cause. \n-0000eb50: 2020 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 746f 2073 GNU/Linux to s\n-0000eb60: 7566 6665 7220 6672 6f6d 2076 6172 696f uffer from vario\n-0000eb70: 7573 2064 6973 706c 6179 2070 726f 626c us display probl\n-0000eb80: 656d 732c 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c ems, particularl\n-0000eb90: 790a 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 y. during th\n-0000eba0: 6520 6561 726c 7920 7061 7274 206f 6620 e early part of \n-0000ebb0: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6571 7565 6e63 the boot sequenc\n-0000ebc0: 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 e. If you have \n-0000ebd0: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 problems,. s\n-0000ebe0: 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 et this option t\n-0000ebf0: 6f20 2774 6578 7427 2061 6e64 2047 5255 o 'text' and GRU\n-0000ec00: 4220 7769 6c6c 2074 656c 6c20 4c69 6e75 B will tell Linu\n-0000ec10: 7820 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 0a20 2020 x to boot in. \n-0000ec20: 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 6578 7420 6d6f normal text mo\n-0000ec30: 6465 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 de...'GRUB_DISAB\n-0000ec40: 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 270a 2020 LE_OS_PROBER'. \n-0000ec50: 2020 2054 6865 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 The 'grub-mkc\n-0000ec60: 6f6e 6669 6727 2068 6173 2061 2066 6561 onfig' has a fea\n-0000ec70: 7475 7265 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 ture to use the \n-0000ec80: 6578 7465 726e 616c 2027 6f73 2d70 726f external 'os-pro\n-0000ec90: 6265 7227 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f67 7261 ber'. progra\n-0000eca0: 6d20 746f 2064 6973 636f 7665 7220 6f74 m to discover ot\n-0000ecb0: 6865 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 her operating sy\n-0000ecc0: 7374 656d 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 stems installed \n-0000ecd0: 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d 650a 2020 2020 on the same. \n-0000ece0: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2061 6e64 2067 656e machine and gen\n-0000ecf0: 6572 6174 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 erate appropriat\n-0000ed00: 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2066 e menu entries f\n-0000ed10: 6f72 2074 6865 6d2e 2020 4974 2069 730a or them. It is.\n-0000ed20: 2020 2020 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 disabled by\n-0000ed30: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 696e 6365 2061 default since a\n-0000ed40: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2061 6e64 2073 696c utomatic and sil\n-0000ed50: 656e 7420 6578 6563 7574 696f 6e20 6f66 ent execution of\n-0000ed60: 0a20 2020 2020 276f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 . 'os-prober\n-0000ed70: 272c 2061 6e64 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 ', and creating \n-0000ed80: 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2062 6173 boot entries bas\n-0000ed90: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6174 2064 6174 612c ed on that data,\n-0000eda0: 2069 7320 610a 2020 2020 2070 6f74 656e is a. poten\n-0000edb0: 7469 616c 2061 7474 6163 6b20 7665 6374 tial attack vect\n-0000edc0: 6f72 2e20 2053 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 or. Set this op\n-0000edd0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 2766 616c 7365 2720 tion to 'false' \n-0000ede0: 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 7468 6973 0a20 to enable this. \n-0000edf0: 2020 2020 6665 6174 7572 6520 696e 2074 feature in t\n-0000ee00: 6865 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 he 'grub-mkconfi\n-0000ee10: 6727 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a27 4752 g' command...'GR\n-0000ee20: 5542 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 5f53 4b49 UB_OS_PROBER_SKI\n-0000ee30: 505f 4c49 5354 270a 2020 2020 204c 6973 P_LIST'. Lis\n-0000ee40: 7420 6f66 2073 7061 6365 2d73 6570 6172 t of space-separ\n-0000ee50: 6174 6564 2046 5320 5555 4944 7320 6f66 ated FS UUIDs of\n-0000ee60: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 2074 6f20 filesystems to \n-0000ee70: 6265 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2066 726f 6d0a be ignored from.\n-0000ee80: 2020 2020 206f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 206f os-prober o\n-0000ee90: 7574 7075 742e 2020 466f 7220 6566 6920 utput. For efi \n-0000eea0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7273 2069 7427 chainloaders it'\n-0000eeb0: 7320 3c55 5549 443e 403c 4546 4920 4649 s @..'GRUB_DISAB\n-0000eed0: 4c45 5f53 5542 4d45 4e55 270a 2020 2020 LE_SUBMENU'. \n-0000eee0: 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2027 6772 7562 Normally, 'grub\n-0000eef0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2077 696c 6c20 -mkconfig' will \n-0000ef00: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2074 6f70 206c 6576 generate top lev\n-0000ef10: 656c 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 666f el menu entry fo\n-0000ef20: 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 r. the kerne\n-0000ef30: 6c20 7769 7468 2068 6967 6865 7374 2076 l with highest v\n-0000ef40: 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 616e ersion number an\n-0000ef50: 6420 7075 7420 616c 6c20 6f74 6865 7220 d put all other \n-0000ef60: 666f 756e 640a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 found. kerne\n-0000ef70: 6c73 206f 7220 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 ls or alternativ\n-0000ef80: 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2066 e menu entries f\n-0000ef90: 6f72 2072 6563 6f76 6572 7920 6d6f 6465 or recovery mode\n-0000efa0: 2069 6e20 7375 626d 656e 752e 0a20 2020 in submenu.. \n-0000efb0: 2020 466f 7220 656e 7472 6965 7320 7265 For entries re\n-0000efc0: 7475 726e 6564 2062 7920 276f 732d 7072 turned by 'os-pr\n-0000efd0: 6f62 6572 2720 6669 7273 7420 656e 7472 ober' first entr\n-0000efe0: 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7075 7420 6f6e y will be put on\n-0000eff0: 2074 6f70 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7665 6c20 top. level \n-0000f000: 616e 6420 616c 6c20 6f74 6865 7273 2069 and all others i\n-0000f010: 6e20 7375 626d 656e 752e 2020 4966 2074 n submenu. If t\n-0000f020: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 his option is se\n-0000f030: 7420 746f 2027 7472 7565 272c 0a20 2020 t to 'true',. \n-0000f040: 2020 666c 6174 206d 656e 7520 7769 7468 flat menu with\n-0000f050: 2061 6c6c 2065 6e74 7269 6573 206f 6e20 all entries on \n-0000f060: 746f 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 top level will b\n-0000f070: 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 696e 7374 e generated inst\n-0000f080: 6561 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4368 616e 6769 ead.. Changi\n-0000f090: 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 ng this option w\n-0000f0a0: 696c 6c20 7265 7175 6972 6520 6368 616e ill require chan\n-0000f0b0: 6769 6e67 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 7661 ging existing va\n-0000f0c0: 6c75 6573 206f 660a 2020 2020 2027 4752 lues of. 'GR\n-0000f0d0: 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 272c 2027 6661 UB_DEFAULT', 'fa\n-0000f0e0: 6c6c 6261 636b 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2066 llback' (*note f\n-0000f0f0: 616c 6c62 6163 6b3a 3a29 2061 6e64 2027 allback::) and '\n-0000f100: 6465 6661 756c 7427 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a default' (*note.\n-0000f110: 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 3a3a 2920 default::) \n-0000f120: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-0000f130: 6162 6c65 7320 6173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 ables as well as\n-0000f140: 2073 6176 6564 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 saved default e\n-0000f150: 6e74 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7573 696e 6720 ntry. using \n-0000f160: 2767 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 'grub-set-defaul\n-0000f170: 7427 2061 6e64 2076 616c 7565 2075 7365 t' and value use\n-0000f180: 6420 7769 7468 2027 6772 7562 2d72 6562 d with 'grub-reb\n-0000f190: 6f6f 7427 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f45 4e41 oot'...'GRUB_ENA\n-0000f1a0: 424c 455f 4352 5950 544f 4449 534b 270a BLE_CRYPTODISK'.\n-0000f1b0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7365 7420 746f 2027 If set to '\n-0000f1c0: 7927 2c20 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 y', 'grub-mkconf\n-0000f1d0: 6967 2720 616e 6420 2767 7275 622d 696e ig' and 'grub-in\n-0000f1e0: 7374 616c 6c27 2077 696c 6c20 6368 6563 stall' will chec\n-0000f1f0: 6b20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 k for. encry\n-0000f200: 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2061 6e64 2067 pted disks and g\n-0000f210: 656e 6572 6174 6520 6164 6469 7469 6f6e enerate addition\n-0000f220: 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6e65 6564 al commands need\n-0000f230: 6564 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 ed to access. \n-0000f240: 2020 7468 656d 2064 7572 696e 6720 626f them during bo\n-0000f250: 6f74 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2069 ot. Note that i\n-0000f260: 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 756e 6174 n this case unat\n-0000f270: 7465 6e64 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 206e tended boot is n\n-0000f280: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7373 6962 6c65 ot. possible\n-0000f290: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2047 5255 4220 7769 because GRUB wi\n-0000f2a0: 6c6c 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7061 7373 ll wait for pass\n-0000f2b0: 7068 7261 7365 2074 6f20 756e 6c6f 636b phrase to unlock\n-0000f2c0: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 0a20 2020 2020 encrypted. \n-0000f2d0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 722e 0a0a 2747 5255 container...'GRU\n-0000f2e0: 425f 494e 4954 5f54 554e 4527 0a20 2020 B_INIT_TUNE'. \n-0000f2f0: 2020 506c 6179 2061 2074 756e 6520 6f6e Play a tune on\n-0000f300: 2074 6865 2073 7065 616b 6572 2077 6865 the speaker whe\n-0000f310: 6e20 4752 5542 2073 7461 7274 732e 2020 n GRUB starts. \n-0000f320: 5468 6973 2069 7320 7061 7274 6963 756c This is particul\n-0000f330: 6172 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6566 756c arly. useful\n-0000f340: 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7273 2075 6e61 626c for users unabl\n-0000f350: 6520 746f 2073 6565 2074 6865 2073 6372 e to see the scr\n-0000f360: 6565 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 een. The value \n-0000f370: 6f66 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 206f 7074 of this. opt\n-0000f380: 696f 6e20 6973 2070 6173 7365 6420 6469 ion is passed di\n-0000f390: 7265 6374 6c79 2074 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 rectly to *note \n-0000f3a0: 706c 6179 3a3a 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f42 play::...'GRUB_B\n-0000f3b0: 4144 5241 4d27 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 ADRAM'. If t\n-0000f3c0: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 his option is se\n-0000f3d0: 742c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2069 7373 t, GRUB will iss\n-0000f3e0: 7565 2061 202a 6e6f 7465 2062 6164 7261 ue a *note badra\n-0000f3f0: 6d3a 3a20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 746f 0a20 m:: command to. \n-0000f400: 2020 2020 6669 6c74 6572 206f 7574 2073 filter out s\n-0000f410: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 6567 696f 6e73 pecified regions\n-0000f420: 206f 6620 5241 4d2e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f of RAM...'GRUB_\n-0000f430: 5052 454c 4f41 445f 4d4f 4455 4c45 5327 PRELOAD_MODULES'\n-0000f440: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f . This optio\n-0000f450: 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 n may be set to \n-0000f460: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 4752 5542 206d a list of GRUB m\n-0000f470: 6f64 756c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 7365 7061 odule names sepa\n-0000f480: 7261 7465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 7370 rated by. sp\n-0000f490: 6163 6573 2e20 2045 6163 6820 6d6f 6475 aces. Each modu\n-0000f4a0: 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 le will be loade\n-0000f4b0: 6420 6173 2065 6172 6c79 2061 7320 706f d as early as po\n-0000f4c0: 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 6174 2074 6865 0a20 ssible, at the. \n-0000f4d0: 2020 2020 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2027 6772 start of 'gr\n-0000f4e0: 7562 2e63 6667 272e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f ub.cfg'...'GRUB_\n-0000f4f0: 5245 434f 5244 4641 494c 5f54 494d 454f RECORDFAIL_TIMEO\n-0000f500: 5554 270a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 UT'. If this\n-0000f510: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2c20 option is set, \n-0000f520: 6974 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 it overrides the\n-0000f530: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2072 6563 6f72 6466 default recordf\n-0000f540: 6169 6c20 7365 7474 696e 672e 0a20 2020 ail setting.. \n-0000f550: 2020 4120 7365 7474 696e 6720 6f66 202d A setting of -\n-0000f560: 3120 6361 7573 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f 1 causes GRUB to\n-0000f570: 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7573 6572 2069 wait for user i\n-0000f580: 6e70 7574 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 656c nput indefinitel\n-0000f590: 792e 0a20 2020 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c y.. However,\n-0000f5a0: 2061 2066 616c 7365 2070 6f73 6974 6976 a false positiv\n-0000f5b0: 6520 696e 2074 6865 2072 6563 6f72 6466 e in the recordf\n-0000f5c0: 6169 6c20 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d20 6d61 ail mechanism ma\n-0000f5d0: 7920 6f63 6375 7220 6966 0a20 2020 2020 y occur if. \n-0000f5e0: 706f 7765 7220 6973 206c 6f73 7420 6475 power is lost du\n-0000f5f0: 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 6265 666f 7265 ring boot before\n-0000f600: 2062 6f6f 7420 7375 6363 6573 7320 6973 boot success is\n-0000f610: 2072 6563 6f72 6465 6420 696e 0a20 2020 recorded in. \n-0000f620: 2020 7573 6572 7370 6163 652e 2020 5468 userspace. Th\n-0000f630: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7365 7474 696e e default settin\n-0000f640: 6720 6973 2033 302c 2077 6869 6368 2063 g is 30, which c\n-0000f650: 6175 7365 7320 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7761 auses GRUB to wa\n-0000f660: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 7573 6572 it. for user\n-0000f670: 2069 6e70 7574 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7274 input for thirt\n-0000f680: 7920 7365 636f 6e64 7320 6265 666f 7265 y seconds before\n-0000f690: 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 696e 672e 2020 5468 continuing. Th\n-0000f6a0: 6973 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 is default. \n-0000f6b0: 616c 6c6f 7773 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 allows interacti\n-0000f6c0: 7665 2075 7365 7273 2074 6865 206f 7070 ve users the opp\n-0000f6d0: 6f72 7475 6e69 7479 2074 6f20 7377 6974 ortunity to swit\n-0000f6e0: 6368 2074 6f20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e ch to a differen\n-0000f6f0: 742c 0a20 2020 2020 776f 726b 696e 6720 t,. working \n-0000f700: 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 7768 696c 6520 6176 kernel, while av\n-0000f710: 6f69 6469 6e67 2061 2066 616c 7365 2070 oiding a false p\n-0000f720: 6f73 6974 6976 6520 6361 7573 696e 6720 ositive causing \n-0000f730: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 the boot to. \n-0000f740: 2062 6c6f 636b 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 block indefinit\n-0000f750: 656c 7920 6f6e 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 ely on headless \n-0000f760: 616e 6420 6170 706c 6961 6e63 6520 7379 and appliance sy\n-0000f770: 7374 656d 7320 7768 6572 6520 6163 6365 stems where acce\n-0000f780: 7373 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2061 2063 6f6e ss. to a con\n-0000f790: 736f 6c65 2069 7320 7265 7374 7269 6374 sole is restrict\n-0000f7a0: 6564 206f 7220 6c69 6d69 7465 642e 0a0a ed or limited...\n-0000f7b0: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e This option\n-0000f7c0: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2065 6666 6563 7469 is only effecti\n-0000f7d0: 7665 2077 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 6173 ve when GRUB was\n-0000f7e0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 7769 7468 configured with\n-0000f7f0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 272d 2d65 6e61 the. '--ena\n-0000f800: 626c 652d 7175 6963 6b2d 626f 6f74 2720 ble-quick-boot' \n-0000f810: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f52 option...'GRUB_R\n-0000f820: 4543 4f56 4552 595f 5449 544c 4527 0a20 ECOVERY_TITLE'. \n-0000f830: 2020 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 This option \n-0000f840: 7365 7473 2074 6865 2045 6e67 6c69 7368 sets the English\n-0000f850: 2074 6578 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7472 text of the str\n-0000f860: 696e 6720 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ing that will be\n-0000f870: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 . displayed \n-0000f880: 696e 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 2074 in parentheses t\n-0000f890: 6f20 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 6861 7420 o indicate that \n-0000f8a0: 6120 626f 6f74 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 a boot option is\n-0000f8b0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 640a 2020 2020 2074 provided. t\n-0000f8c0: 6f20 6865 6c70 2075 7365 7273 2072 6563 o help users rec\n-0000f8d0: 6f76 6572 2061 2062 726f 6b65 6e20 7379 over a broken sy\n-0000f8e0: 7374 656d 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 stem. The defau\n-0000f8f0: 6c74 2069 7320 2272 6563 6f76 6572 790a lt is \"recovery.\n-0000f900: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6522 2e0a 0a20 2020 mode\"... \n-0000f910: 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 The following op\n-0000f920: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7374 696c 6c20 tions are still \n-0000f930: 6163 6365 7074 6564 2066 6f72 2063 6f6d accepted for com\n-0000f940: 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2077 6974 680a patibility with.\n-0000f950: 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 existing configu\n-0000f960: 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2062 7574 2068 6176 rations, but hav\n-0000f970: 6520 6265 7474 6572 2072 6570 6c61 6365 e better replace\n-0000f980: 6d65 6e74 733a 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 4849 ments:..'GRUB_HI\n-0000f990: 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 270a 2020 DDEN_TIMEOUT'. \n-0000f9a0: 2020 2057 6169 7420 7468 6973 206d 616e Wait this man\n-0000f9b0: 7920 7365 636f 6e64 7320 6265 666f 7265 y seconds before\n-0000f9c0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 6720 7468 6520 displaying the \n-0000f9d0: 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 6620 3c45 5343 3e20 menu. If \n-0000f9e0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 3c46 343e 2061 7265 or. are\n-0000f9f0: 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6f72 203c 5348 pressed, or is held dow\n-0000fa10: 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7469 n during that ti\n-0000fa20: 6d65 2c20 6469 7370 6c61 790a 2020 2020 me, display. \n-0000fa30: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 7761 the menu and wa\n-0000fa40: 6974 2066 6f72 2069 6e70 7574 2061 6363 it for input acc\n-0000fa50: 6f72 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 2747 5255 425f ording to 'GRUB_\n-0000fa60: 5449 4d45 4f55 5427 2e20 2049 6620 610a TIMEOUT'. If a.\n-0000fa70: 2020 2020 2068 6f74 6b65 7920 6173 736f hotkey asso\n-0000fa80: 6369 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d65 ciated with a me\n-0000fa90: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 7072 6573 nu entry is pres\n-0000faa0: 7365 642c 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6173 sed, boot the as\n-0000fab0: 736f 6369 6174 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 sociated. me\n-0000fac0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 nu entry immedia\n-0000fad0: 7465 6c79 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 7469 tely. If the ti\n-0000fae0: 6d65 6f75 7420 6578 7069 7265 7320 6265 meout expires be\n-0000faf0: 666f 7265 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 0a20 fore either of. \n-0000fb00: 2020 2020 7468 6573 6520 6861 7070 656e these happen\n-0000fb10: 732c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 206d s, display the m\n-0000fb20: 656e 7520 666f 7220 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 enu for the numb\n-0000fb30: 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 7320 7370 er of seconds sp\n-0000fb40: 6563 6966 6965 640a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 ecified. in \n-0000fb50: 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 5427 2062 'GRUB_TIMEOUT' b\n-0000fb60: 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 efore booting th\n-0000fb70: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e e default entry.\n-0000fb80: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7365 .. If you se\n-0000fb90: 7420 2747 5255 425f 4849 4444 454e 5f54 t 'GRUB_HIDDEN_T\n-0000fba0: 494d 454f 5554 272c 2079 6f75 2073 686f IMEOUT', you sho\n-0000fbb0: 756c 6420 616c 736f 2073 6574 0a20 2020 uld also set. \n-0000fbc0: 2020 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 543d 'GRUB_TIMEOUT=\n-0000fbd0: 3027 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2074 6865 206d 0' so that the m\n-0000fbe0: 656e 7520 6973 206e 6f74 2064 6973 706c enu is not displ\n-0000fbf0: 6179 6564 2061 7420 616c 6c20 756e 6c65 ayed at all unle\n-0000fc00: 7373 0a20 2020 2020 3c45 5343 3e20 6f72 ss. or\n-0000fc10: 203c 4634 3e20 6172 6520 7072 6573 7365 are presse\n-0000fc20: 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 3e20 6973 d, or is\n-0000fc30: 2068 656c 6420 646f 776e 2e0a 0a20 2020 held down... \n-0000fc40: 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 This option is\n-0000fc50: 2075 6e73 6574 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c unset by defaul\n-0000fc60: 742c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6465 7072 6563 t, and is deprec\n-0000fc70: 6174 6564 2069 6e20 6661 766f 7572 206f ated in favour o\n-0000fc80: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c 6573 7320 f the. less \n-0000fc90: 636f 6e66 7573 696e 6720 2747 5255 425f confusing 'GRUB_\n-0000fca0: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 453d 636f TIMEOUT_STYLE=co\n-0000fcb0: 756e 7464 6f77 6e27 206f 720a 2020 2020 untdown' or. \n-0000fcc0: 2027 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 'GRUB_TIMEOUT_S\n-0000fcd0: 5459 4c45 3d68 6964 6465 6e27 2e0a 0a27 TYLE=hidden'...'\n-0000fce0: 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIME\n-0000fcf0: 4f55 545f 5155 4945 5427 0a20 2020 2020 OUT_QUIET'. \n-0000fd00: 496e 2063 6f6e 6a75 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 In conjunction w\n-0000fd10: 6974 6820 2747 5255 425f 4849 4444 454e ith 'GRUB_HIDDEN\n-0000fd20: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 272c 2073 6574 2074 _TIMEOUT', set t\n-0000fd30: 6869 7320 746f 2027 7472 7565 2720 746f his to 'true' to\n-0000fd40: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 7265 7373 2074 . suppress t\n-0000fd50: 6865 2076 6572 626f 7365 2063 6f75 6e74 he verbose count\n-0000fd60: 646f 776e 2077 6869 6c65 2077 6169 7469 down while waiti\n-0000fd70: 6e67 2066 6f72 2061 206b 6579 2074 6f20 ng for a key to \n-0000fd80: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6573 7365 6420 be. pressed \n-0000fd90: 6265 666f 7265 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e before displayin\n-0000fda0: 6720 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 g the menu... \n-0000fdb0: 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 This option is\n-0000fdc0: 2075 6e73 6574 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c unset by defaul\n-0000fdd0: 742c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6465 7072 6563 t, and is deprec\n-0000fde0: 6174 6564 2069 6e20 6661 766f 7572 206f ated in favour o\n-0000fdf0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c 6573 7320 f the. less \n-0000fe00: 636f 6e66 7573 696e 6720 2747 5255 425f confusing 'GRUB_\n-0000fe10: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 453d 636f TIMEOUT_STYLE=co\n-0000fe20: 756e 7464 6f77 6e27 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 untdown'...'GRUB\n-0000fe30: 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f _HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_\n-0000fe40: 4255 5454 4f4e 270a 2020 2020 2056 6172 BUTTON'. Var\n-0000fe50: 6961 6e74 206f 6620 2747 5255 425f 4849 iant of 'GRUB_HI\n-0000fe60: 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 272c 2075 DDEN_TIMEOUT', u\n-0000fe70: 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2076 sed to support v\n-0000fe80: 656e 646f 722d 7370 6563 6966 6963 0a20 endor-specific. \n-0000fe90: 2020 2020 706f 7765 7220 6275 7474 6f6e power button\n-0000fea0: 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5665 6e64 6f72 s. *Note Vendor\n-0000feb0: 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 3a3a power-on keys::\n-0000fec0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 ... This opt\n-0000fed0: 696f 6e20 6973 2075 6e73 6574 2062 7920 ion is unset by \n-0000fee0: 6465 6661 756c 742c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 default, and is \n-0000fef0: 6465 7072 6563 6174 6564 2069 6e20 6661 deprecated in fa\n-0000ff00: 766f 7572 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 vour of the. \n-0000ff10: 206c 6573 7320 636f 6e66 7573 696e 6720 less confusing \n-0000ff20: 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 'GRUB_TIMEOUT_ST\n-0000ff30: 594c 453d 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e27 206f YLE=countdown' o\n-0000ff40: 720a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f54 494d r. 'GRUB_TIM\n-0000ff50: 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 3d68 6964 6465 EOUT_STYLE=hidde\n-0000ff60: 6e27 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6d6f 7265 n'... For more\n-0000ff70: 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 6375 7374 6f6d detailed custom\n-0000ff80: 6973 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2027 6772 7562 isation of 'grub\n-0000ff90: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2773 206f 7574 -mkconfig''s out\n-0000ffa0: 7075 742c 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a65 6469 put, you may.edi\n-0000ffb0: 7420 7468 6520 7363 7269 7074 7320 696e t the scripts in\n-0000ffc0: 2027 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e 6427 2064 '/etc/grub.d' d\n-0000ffd0: 6972 6563 746c 792e 2020 272f 6574 632f irectly. '/etc/\n-0000ffe0: 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 6f6d grub.d/40_custom\n-0000fff0: 2720 6973 0a70 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c ' is.particularl\n-00010000: 7920 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2061 6464 y useful for add\n-00010010: 696e 6720 656e 7469 7265 2063 7573 746f ing entire custo\n-00010020: 6d20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 3b20 m menu entries; \n-00010030: 7369 6d70 6c79 2074 7970 650a 7468 6520 simply type.the \n-00010040: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2079 6f75 menu entries you\n-00010050: 2077 616e 7420 746f 2061 6464 2061 7420 want to add at \n-00010060: 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6861 7420 the end of that \n-00010070: 6669 6c65 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 2073 7572 file, making sur\n-00010080: 6520 746f 0a6c 6561 7665 2061 7420 6c65 e to.leave at le\n-00010090: 6173 7420 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7477 ast the first tw\n-000100a0: 6f20 6c69 6e65 7320 696e 7461 6374 2e0a o lines intact..\n-000100b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000100c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6f6f 7420 fo, Node: Root \n-000100d0: 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 4865 Identifcation He\n-000100e0: 7572 6973 7469 6373 2c20 204e 6578 743a uristics, Next:\n-000100f0: 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 Shell-like scri\n-00010100: 7074 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5369 pting, Prev: Si\n-00010110: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple configurati\n-00010120: 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 on, Up: Configu\n-00010130: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3220 526f 6f74 ration..6.2 Root\n-00010140: 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 Identifcation H\n-00010150: 6575 7269 7374 6963 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d euristics.======\n+0000bd30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 ======..The prog\n+0000bd40: 7261 6d20 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 ram 'grub-mkconf\n+0000bd50: 6967 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ig' (*note Invok\n+0000bd60: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n+0000bd70: 673a 3a29 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 0a27 g::) generates.'\n+0000bd80: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 6669 6c65 7320 grub.cfg' files \n+0000bd90: 7375 6974 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 suitable for mos\n+0000bda0: 7420 6361 7365 732e 2020 4974 2069 7320 t cases. It is \n+0000bdb0: 7375 6974 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 suitable for use\n+0000bdc0: 2077 6865 6e0a 7570 6772 6164 696e 6720 when.upgrading \n+0000bdd0: 6120 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 a distribution, \n+0000bde0: 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 636f 7665 and will discove\n+0000bdf0: 7220 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6b65 726e r available kern\n+0000be00: 656c 7320 616e 640a 6174 7465 6d70 7420 els and.attempt \n+0000be10: 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6d65 6e75 to generate menu\n+0000be20: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 entries for the\n+0000be30: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 m... 'grub-mkc\n+0000be40: 6f6e 6669 6727 2064 6f65 7320 6861 7665 onfig' does have\n+0000be50: 2073 6f6d 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e some limitation\n+0000be60: 732e 2020 5768 696c 6520 6164 6469 6e67 s. While adding\n+0000be70: 2065 7874 7261 0a63 7573 746f 6d20 6d65 extra.custom me\n+0000be80: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2074 6f20 7468 nu entries to th\n+0000be90: 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6973 e end of the lis\n+0000bea0: 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 6279 t can be done by\n+0000beb0: 2065 6469 7469 6e67 0a27 2f65 7463 2f67 editing.'/etc/g\n+0000bec0: 7275 622e 642f 3430 5f63 7573 746f 6d27 rub.d/40_custom'\n+0000bed0: 206f 7220 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2027 2f62 or creating '/b\n+0000bee0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f63 7573 746f 6d2e oot/grub/custom.\n+0000bef0: 6366 6727 2c20 6368 616e 6769 6e67 0a74 cfg', changing.t\n+0000bf00: 6865 206f 7264 6572 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 he order of menu\n+0000bf10: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 206f 7220 6368 616e entries or chan\n+0000bf20: 6769 6e67 2074 6865 6972 2074 6974 6c65 ging their title\n+0000bf30: 7320 6d61 7920 7265 7175 6972 6520 6d61 s may require ma\n+0000bf40: 6b69 6e67 0a63 6f6d 706c 6578 2063 6861 king.complex cha\n+0000bf50: 6e67 6573 2074 6f20 7368 656c 6c20 7363 nges to shell sc\n+0000bf60: 7269 7074 7320 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 ripts stored in \n+0000bf70: 272f 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f27 2e20 '/etc/grub.d/'. \n+0000bf80: 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6265 0a69 6d70 This may be.imp\n+0000bf90: 726f 7665 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 roved in the fut\n+0000bfa0: 7572 652e 2020 496e 2074 6865 206d 6561 ure. In the mea\n+0000bfb0: 6e74 696d 652c 2074 686f 7365 2077 686f ntime, those who\n+0000bfc0: 2066 6565 6c20 7468 6174 2069 7420 776f feel that it wo\n+0000bfd0: 756c 640a 6265 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f uld.be easier to\n+0000bfe0: 2077 7269 7465 2027 6772 7562 2e63 6667 write 'grub.cfg\n+0000bff0: 2720 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7265 2065 ' directly are e\n+0000c000: 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 6420 746f 2064 6f20 ncouraged to do \n+0000c010: 736f 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 426f 6f74 696e so (*note.Bootin\n+0000c020: 673a 3a2c 2061 6e64 202a 6e6f 7465 2053 g::, and *note S\n+0000c030: 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 hell-like script\n+0000c040: 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 746f 2064 ing::), and to d\n+0000c050: 6973 6162 6c65 2061 6e79 2073 7973 7465 isable any syste\n+0000c060: 6d0a 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 m.provided by th\n+0000c070: 6569 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e eir distribution\n+0000c080: 2074 6f20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c to automaticall\n+0000c090: 7920 7275 6e20 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f y run 'grub-mkco\n+0000c0a0: 6e66 6967 272e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2066 nfig'... The f\n+0000c0b0: 696c 6520 272f 6574 632f 6465 6661 756c ile '/etc/defaul\n+0000c0c0: 742f 6772 7562 2720 636f 6e74 726f 6c73 t/grub' controls\n+0000c0d0: 2074 6865 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 206f the operation o\n+0000c0e0: 660a 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 f.'grub-mkconfig\n+0000c0f0: 272e 2020 4974 2069 7320 736f 7572 6365 '. It is source\n+0000c100: 6420 6279 2061 2073 6865 6c6c 2073 6372 d by a shell scr\n+0000c110: 6970 742c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6d75 7374 ipt, and so must\n+0000c120: 2062 6520 7661 6c69 640a 504f 5349 5820 be valid.POSIX \n+0000c130: 7368 656c 6c20 696e 7075 743b 206e 6f72 shell input; nor\n+0000c140: 6d61 6c6c 792c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 206a mally, it will j\n+0000c150: 7573 7420 6265 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 ust be a sequenc\n+0000c160: 6520 6f66 2027 4b45 593d 7661 6c75 6527 e of 'KEY=value'\n+0000c170: 0a6c 696e 6573 2c20 6275 7420 6966 2074 .lines, but if t\n+0000c180: 6865 2076 616c 7565 2063 6f6e 7461 696e he value contain\n+0000c190: 7320 7370 6163 6573 206f 7220 6f74 6865 s spaces or othe\n+0000c1a0: 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6368 6172 6163 r special charac\n+0000c1b0: 7465 7273 2074 6865 6e0a 6974 206d 7573 ters then.it mus\n+0000c1c0: 7420 6265 2071 756f 7465 642e 2020 466f t be quoted. Fo\n+0000c1d0: 7220 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 r example:.. \n+0000c1e0: 2047 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f49 GRUB_TERMINAL_I\n+0000c1f0: 4e50 5554 3d22 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 7365 NPUT=\"console se\n+0000c200: 7269 616c 220a 0a20 2020 5661 6c69 6420 rial\".. Valid \n+0000c210: 6b65 7973 2069 6e20 272f 6574 632f 6465 keys in '/etc/de\n+0000c220: 6661 756c 742f 6772 7562 2720 6172 6520 fault/grub' are \n+0000c230: 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a27 4752 as follows:..'GR\n+0000c240: 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 270a 2020 2020 UB_DEFAULT'. \n+0000c250: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e The default men\n+0000c260: 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 5468 6973 206d u entry. This m\n+0000c270: 6179 2062 6520 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 ay be a number, \n+0000c280: 696e 2077 6869 6368 2063 6173 6520 6974 in which case it\n+0000c290: 0a20 2020 2020 6964 656e 7469 6669 6573 . identifies\n+0000c2a0: 2074 6865 204e 7468 2065 6e74 7279 2069 the Nth entry i\n+0000c2b0: 6e20 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 n the generated \n+0000c2c0: 6d65 6e75 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 2066 726f menu counted fro\n+0000c2d0: 6d20 7a65 726f 2c0a 2020 2020 206f 7220 m zero,. or \n+0000c2e0: 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 6f66 2061 206d the title of a m\n+0000c2f0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 206f 7220 7468 enu entry, or th\n+0000c300: 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7374 7269 6e67 e special string\n+0000c310: 2027 7361 7665 6427 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 'saved'. Using\n+0000c320: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6964 206d 6179 . the id may\n+0000c330: 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2069 6620 796f be useful if yo\n+0000c340: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 u want to set a \n+0000c350: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2061 7320 7468 menu entry as th\n+0000c360: 6520 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 2065 e default. e\n+0000c370: 7665 6e20 7468 6f75 6768 2074 6865 7265 ven though there\n+0000c380: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6120 7661 7269 6162 may be a variab\n+0000c390: 6c65 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2065 6e74 le number of ent\n+0000c3a0: 7269 6573 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6974 2e0a ries before it..\n+0000c3b0: 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c . For exampl\n+0000c3c0: 652c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 3a0a e, if you have:.\n+0000c3d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 . menuentry \n+0000c3e0: 2745 7861 6d70 6c65 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 'Example GNU/Lin\n+0000c3f0: 7578 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e27 ux distribution'\n+0000c400: 202d 2d63 6c61 7373 2067 6e75 2d6c 696e --class gnu-lin\n+0000c410: 7578 202d 2d69 6420 6578 616d 706c 652d ux --id example-\n+0000c420: 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 7b0a 2020 2020 gnu-linux {. \n+0000c430: 2009 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 ..... }.. \n+0000c440: 2020 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 then you can \n+0000c450: 6d61 6b65 2074 6869 7320 7468 6520 6465 make this the de\n+0000c460: 6661 756c 7420 7573 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 fault using:.. \n+0000c470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f44 4546 GRUB_DEF\n+0000c480: 4155 4c54 3d65 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 AULT=example-gnu\n+0000c490: 2d6c 696e 7578 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 7265 -linux.. Pre\n+0000c4a0: 7669 6f75 736c 7920 6974 2077 6173 2064 viously it was d\n+0000c4b0: 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 7468 6520 7761 ocumented the wa\n+0000c4c0: 7920 746f 2075 7365 2065 6e74 7279 2074 y to use entry t\n+0000c4d0: 6974 6c65 2e20 2057 6869 6c65 0a20 2020 itle. While. \n+0000c4e0: 2020 7468 6973 2073 7469 6c6c 2077 6f72 this still wor\n+0000c4f0: 6b73 2069 7427 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 636f ks it's not reco\n+0000c500: 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 7369 6e63 6520 7469 mmended since ti\n+0000c510: 746c 6573 206f 6674 656e 2063 6f6e 7461 tles often conta\n+0000c520: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 756e 7374 6162 6c65 in. unstable\n+0000c530: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 616e device names an\n+0000c540: 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 d may be transla\n+0000c550: 7465 640a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ted.. If you\n+0000c560: 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 746f 2027 7361 set this to 'sa\n+0000c570: 7665 6427 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2064 ved', then the d\n+0000c580: 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 efault menu entr\n+0000c590: 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2074 y will be. t\n+0000c5a0: 6861 7420 7361 7665 6420 6279 2027 4752 hat saved by 'GR\n+0000c5b0: 5542 5f53 4156 4544 4546 4155 4c54 2720 UB_SAVEDEFAULT' \n+0000c5c0: 6f72 2027 6772 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 or 'grub-set-def\n+0000c5d0: 6175 6c74 272e 2020 5468 6973 0a20 2020 ault'. This. \n+0000c5e0: 2020 7265 6c69 6573 206f 6e20 7468 6520 relies on the \n+0000c5f0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n+0000c600: 6b2c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 206e 6f74 k, which may not\n+0000c610: 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e be available in\n+0000c620: 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 7475 6174 all. situat\n+0000c630: 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 ions (*note Envi\n+0000c640: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a29 ronment block::)\n+0000c650: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 ... The defa\n+0000c660: 756c 7420 6973 2027 3027 2e0a 0a27 4752 ult is '0'...'GR\n+0000c670: 5542 5f53 4156 4544 4546 4155 4c54 270a UB_SAVEDEFAULT'.\n+0000c680: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 If this opt\n+0000c690: 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2774 ion is set to 't\n+0000c6a0: 7275 6527 2c20 7468 656e 2c20 7768 656e rue', then, when\n+0000c6b0: 2061 6e20 656e 7472 7920 6973 2073 656c an entry is sel\n+0000c6c0: 6563 7465 642c 0a20 2020 2020 7361 7665 ected,. save\n+0000c6d0: 2069 7420 6173 2061 206e 6577 2064 6566 it as a new def\n+0000c6e0: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 2075 ault entry for u\n+0000c6f0: 7365 2062 7920 6675 7475 7265 2072 756e se by future run\n+0000c700: 7320 6f66 2047 5255 422e 2054 6869 730a s of GRUB. This.\n+0000c710: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 is only use\n+0000c720: 6675 6c20 6966 2027 4752 5542 5f44 4546 ful if 'GRUB_DEF\n+0000c730: 4155 4c54 3d73 6176 6564 273b 2069 7420 AULT=saved'; it \n+0000c740: 6973 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 6f70 is a separate op\n+0000c750: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 6361 7573 tion. becaus\n+0000c760: 6520 2747 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d e 'GRUB_DEFAULT=\n+0000c770: 7361 7665 6427 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c saved' is useful\n+0000c780: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 without this op\n+0000c790: 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 636f tion, in. co\n+0000c7a0: 6e6a 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7769 7468 2027 njunction with '\n+0000c7b0: 6772 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 6175 6c74 grub-set-default\n+0000c7c0: 272e 2020 556e 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 '. Unset by def\n+0000c7d0: 6175 6c74 2e20 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 ault. This. \n+0000c7e0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7265 6c69 6573 206f option relies o\n+0000c7f0: 6e20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e n the environmen\n+0000c800: 7420 626c 6f63 6b2c 2077 6869 6368 206d t block, which m\n+0000c810: 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 ay not be availa\n+0000c820: 626c 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 ble. in all \n+0000c830: 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 situations (*not\n+0000c840: 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c e Environment bl\n+0000c850: 6f63 6b3a 3a29 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f54 ock::)...'GRUB_T\n+0000c860: 494d 454f 5554 270a 2020 2020 2042 6f6f IMEOUT'. Boo\n+0000c870: 7420 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e t the default en\n+0000c880: 7472 7920 7468 6973 206d 616e 7920 7365 try this many se\n+0000c890: 636f 6e64 7320 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 conds after the \n+0000c8a0: 6d65 6e75 2069 730a 2020 2020 2064 6973 menu is. dis\n+0000c8b0: 706c 6179 6564 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2061 played, unless a\n+0000c8c0: 206b 6579 2069 7320 7072 6573 7365 642e key is pressed.\n+0000c8d0: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The default is\n+0000c8e0: 2027 3527 2e20 2053 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 '5'. Set to. \n+0000c8f0: 2020 2027 3027 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 '0' to boot i\n+0000c900: 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2077 6974 686f mmediately witho\n+0000c910: 7574 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 6720 7468 ut displaying th\n+0000c920: 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 6f72 2074 6f20 272d e menu, or to '-\n+0000c930: 3127 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2077 6169 7420 1' to. wait \n+0000c940: 696e 6465 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 indefinitely... \n+0000c950: 2020 2020 4966 2027 4752 5542 5f54 494d If 'GRUB_TIM\n+0000c960: 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 2720 6973 2073 EOUT_STYLE' is s\n+0000c970: 6574 2074 6f20 2763 6f75 6e74 646f 776e et to 'countdown\n+0000c980: 2720 6f72 2027 6869 6464 656e 272c 2074 ' or 'hidden', t\n+0000c990: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 he. timeout \n+0000c9a0: 6973 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2063 6f75 6e74 is instead count\n+0000c9b0: 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 6d65 ed before the me\n+0000c9c0: 6e75 2069 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642e nu is displayed.\n+0000c9d0: 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f ..'GRUB_TIMEOUT_\n+0000c9e0: 5354 594c 4527 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 STYLE'. If t\n+0000c9f0: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 756e his option is un\n+0000ca00: 7365 7420 6f72 2073 6574 2074 6f20 276d set or set to 'm\n+0000ca10: 656e 7527 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 enu', then GRUB \n+0000ca20: 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 0a20 2020 will display. \n+0000ca30: 2020 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2074 the menu and t\n+0000ca40: 6865 6e20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2074 6865 hen wait for the\n+0000ca50: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2073 6574 2062 7920 timeout set by \n+0000ca60: 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 5427 2074 'GRUB_TIMEOUT' t\n+0000ca70: 6f0a 2020 2020 2065 7870 6972 6520 6265 o. expire be\n+0000ca80: 666f 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 fore booting the\n+0000ca90: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 default entry. \n+0000caa0: 2050 7265 7373 696e 6720 6120 6b65 7920 Pressing a key \n+0000cab0: 696e 7465 7272 7570 7473 0a20 2020 2020 interrupts. \n+0000cac0: 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 742e 0a0a 2020 the timeout... \n+0000cad0: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f If this optio\n+0000cae0: 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2763 6f75 n is set to 'cou\n+0000caf0: 6e74 646f 776e 2720 6f72 2027 6869 6464 ntdown' or 'hidd\n+0000cb00: 656e 272c 2074 6865 6e2c 2062 6566 6f72 en', then, befor\n+0000cb10: 650a 2020 2020 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e e. displayin\n+0000cb20: 6720 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 4752 5542 g the menu, GRUB\n+0000cb30: 2077 696c 6c20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2074 will wait for t\n+0000cb40: 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2073 6574 2062 he timeout set b\n+0000cb50: 790a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f54 494d y. 'GRUB_TIM\n+0000cb60: 454f 5554 2720 746f 2065 7870 6972 652e EOUT' to expire.\n+0000cb70: 2020 4966 203c 4553 433e 206f 7220 3c46 If or are pressed, \n+0000cb90: 6f72 203c 5348 4946 543e 0a20 2020 2020 or . \n+0000cba0: 6973 2068 656c 6420 646f 776e 2064 7572 is held down dur\n+0000cbb0: 696e 6720 7468 6174 2074 696d 652c 2069 ing that time, i\n+0000cbc0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 t will display t\n+0000cbd0: 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 7761 6974 he menu and wait\n+0000cbe0: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 696e 7075 742e . for input.\n+0000cbf0: 2020 4966 2061 2068 6f74 6b65 7920 6173 If a hotkey as\n+0000cc00: 736f 6369 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 sociated with a \n+0000cc10: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 7072 menu entry is pr\n+0000cc20: 6573 7365 642c 2069 740a 2020 2020 2077 essed, it. w\n+0000cc30: 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2061 7373 ill boot the ass\n+0000cc40: 6f63 6961 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ociated menu ent\n+0000cc50: 7279 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2e20 ry immediately. \n+0000cc60: 2049 6620 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 740a If the timeout.\n+0000cc70: 2020 2020 2065 7870 6972 6573 2062 6566 expires bef\n+0000cc80: 6f72 6520 6569 7468 6572 206f 6620 7468 ore either of th\n+0000cc90: 6573 6520 6861 7070 656e 732c 2069 7420 ese happens, it \n+0000cca0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6465 will boot the de\n+0000ccb0: 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 fault. entry\n+0000ccc0: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 2763 6f75 6e74 . In the 'count\n+0000ccd0: 646f 776e 2720 6361 7365 2c20 6974 2077 down' case, it w\n+0000cce0: 696c 6c20 7368 6f77 2061 206f 6e65 2d6c ill show a one-l\n+0000ccf0: 696e 6520 696e 6469 6361 7469 6f6e 0a20 ine indication. \n+0000cd00: 2020 2020 6f66 2074 6865 2072 656d 6169 of the remai\n+0000cd10: 6e69 6e67 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2747 5255 ning time...'GRU\n+0000cd20: 425f 4445 4641 554c 545f 4255 5454 4f4e B_DEFAULT_BUTTON\n+0000cd30: 270a 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f '.'GRUB_TIMEOUT_\n+0000cd40: 4255 5454 4f4e 270a 2747 5255 425f 5449 BUTTON'.'GRUB_TI\n+0000cd50: 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 455f 4255 5454 MEOUT_STYLE_BUTT\n+0000cd60: 4f4e 270a 2747 5255 425f 4255 5454 4f4e ON'.'GRUB_BUTTON\n+0000cd70: 5f43 4d4f 535f 4144 4452 4553 5327 0a20 _CMOS_ADDRESS'. \n+0000cd80: 2020 2020 5661 7269 616e 7473 206f 6620 Variants of \n+0000cd90: 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e the correspondin\n+0000cda0: 6720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7769 7468 g variables with\n+0000cdb0: 6f75 7420 7468 6520 275f 4255 5454 4f4e out the '_BUTTON\n+0000cdc0: 270a 2020 2020 2073 7566 6669 782c 2075 '. suffix, u\n+0000cdd0: 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2076 sed to support v\n+0000cde0: 656e 646f 722d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2070 endor-specific p\n+0000cdf0: 6f77 6572 2062 7574 746f 6e73 2e20 202a ower buttons. *\n+0000ce00: 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 5665 6e64 6f72 Note. Vendor\n+0000ce10: 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 3a3a power-on keys::\n+0000ce20: 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f44 4953 5452 4942 ...'GRUB_DISTRIB\n+0000ce30: 5554 4f52 270a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2062 UTOR'. Set b\n+0000ce40: 7920 6469 7374 7269 6275 746f 7273 206f y distributors o\n+0000ce50: 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7468 6569 7220 f GRUB to their \n+0000ce60: 6964 656e 7469 6679 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 identifying name\n+0000ce70: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 . This is. \n+0000ce80: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 used to generate\n+0000ce90: 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 6976 more informativ\n+0000cea0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6974 e menu entry tit\n+0000ceb0: 6c65 732e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 5445 524d les...'GRUB_TERM\n+0000cec0: 494e 414c 5f49 4e50 5554 270a 2020 2020 INAL_INPUT'. \n+0000ced0: 2053 656c 6563 7420 7468 6520 7465 726d Select the term\n+0000cee0: 696e 616c 2069 6e70 7574 2064 6576 6963 inal input devic\n+0000cef0: 652e 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 7365 6c65 e. You may sele\n+0000cf00: 6374 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6465 7669 ct multiple devi\n+0000cf10: 6365 730a 2020 2020 2068 6572 652c 2073 ces. here, s\n+0000cf20: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 eparated by spac\n+0000cf30: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5661 6c69 6420 es... Valid \n+0000cf40: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2069 6e70 7574 206e terminal input n\n+0000cf50: 616d 6573 2064 6570 656e 6420 6f6e 2074 ames depend on t\n+0000cf60: 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2062 7574 he platform, but\n+0000cf70: 206d 6179 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 0a20 2020 may include. \n+0000cf80: 2020 2763 6f6e 736f 6c65 2720 286e 6174 'console' (nat\n+0000cf90: 6976 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2063 6f6e ive platform con\n+0000cfa0: 736f 6c65 292c 2027 7365 7269 616c 2720 sole), 'serial' \n+0000cfb0: 2873 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c (serial terminal\n+0000cfc0: 292c 0a20 2020 2020 2773 6572 6961 6c5f ),. 'serial_\n+0000cfd0: 3c70 6f72 743e 2720 2873 6572 6961 6c20 ' (serial \n+0000cfe0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 6974 6820 6578 terminal with ex\n+0000cff0: 706c 6963 6974 2070 6f72 7420 7365 6c65 plicit port sele\n+0000d000: 6374 696f 6e29 2c0a 2020 2020 2027 6174 ction),. 'at\n+0000d010: 5f6b 6579 626f 6172 6427 2028 5043 2041 _keyboard' (PC A\n+0000d020: 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 292c 206f 7220 T keyboard), or \n+0000d030: 2775 7362 5f6b 6579 626f 6172 6427 2028 'usb_keyboard' (\n+0000d040: 5553 4220 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 0a20 2020 USB keyboard. \n+0000d050: 2020 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4849 4420 using the HID \n+0000d060: 426f 6f74 2050 726f 746f 636f 6c2c 2066 Boot Protocol, f\n+0000d070: 6f72 2063 6173 6573 2077 6865 7265 2074 or cases where t\n+0000d080: 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 646f 6573 he firmware does\n+0000d090: 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e64 6c65 not. handle\n+0000d0a0: 2074 6869 7329 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 this)... Th\n+0000d0b0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6f20 e default is to \n+0000d0c0: 7573 6520 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d use the platform\n+0000d0d0: 2773 206e 6174 6976 6520 7465 726d 696e 's native termin\n+0000d0e0: 616c 2069 6e70 7574 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 al input...'GRUB\n+0000d0f0: 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 4f55 5450 5554 _TERMINAL_OUTPUT\n+0000d100: 270a 2020 2020 2053 656c 6563 7420 7468 '. Select th\n+0000d110: 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 e terminal outpu\n+0000d120: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2059 6f75 206d t device. You m\n+0000d130: 6179 2073 656c 6563 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 ay select multip\n+0000d140: 6c65 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 2020 2020 le devices. \n+0000d150: 6865 7265 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 here, separated \n+0000d160: 6279 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 by spaces... \n+0000d170: 2056 616c 6964 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 Valid terminal \n+0000d180: 6f75 7470 7574 206e 616d 6573 2064 6570 output names dep\n+0000d190: 656e 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 end on the platf\n+0000d1a0: 6f72 6d2c 2062 7574 206d 6179 2069 6e63 orm, but may inc\n+0000d1b0: 6c75 6465 0a20 2020 2020 2763 6f6e 736f lude. 'conso\n+0000d1c0: 6c65 2720 286e 6174 6976 6520 706c 6174 le' (native plat\n+0000d1d0: 666f 726d 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 292c 2027 form console), '\n+0000d1e0: 7365 7269 616c 2720 2873 6572 6961 6c20 serial' (serial \n+0000d1f0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 292c 0a20 2020 2020 terminal),. \n+0000d200: 2773 6572 6961 6c5f 3c70 6f72 743e 2720 'serial_' \n+0000d210: 2873 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c (serial terminal\n+0000d220: 2077 6974 6820 6578 706c 6963 6974 2070 with explicit p\n+0000d230: 6f72 7420 7365 6c65 6374 696f 6e29 2c0a ort selection),.\n+0000d240: 2020 2020 2027 6766 7874 6572 6d27 2028 'gfxterm' (\n+0000d250: 6772 6170 6869 6373 2d6d 6f64 6520 6f75 graphics-mode ou\n+0000d260: 7470 7574 292c 2027 7667 615f 7465 7874 tput), 'vga_text\n+0000d270: 2720 2856 4741 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 ' (VGA text outp\n+0000d280: 7574 292c 0a20 2020 2020 276d 6461 5f74 ut),. 'mda_t\n+0000d290: 6578 7427 2028 4d44 4120 7465 7874 206f ext' (MDA text o\n+0000d2a0: 7574 7075 7429 2c20 276d 6f72 7365 2720 utput), 'morse' \n+0000d2b0: 284d 6f72 7365 2d63 6f64 696e 6720 7573 (Morse-coding us\n+0000d2c0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 ing system. \n+0000d2d0: 6265 6570 6572 2920 6f72 2027 7370 6b6d beeper) or 'spkm\n+0000d2e0: 6f64 656d 2720 2873 696d 706c 6520 6461 odem' (simple da\n+0000d2f0: 7461 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c20 7573 696e ta protocol usin\n+0000d300: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2073 7065 616b 6572 g system speaker\n+0000d310: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 7370 6b6d 6f64 )... 'spkmod\n+0000d320: 656d 2720 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7768 em' is useful wh\n+0000d330: 656e 206e 6f20 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 en no serial por\n+0000d340: 7420 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 t is available. \n+0000d350: 2043 6f6e 6e65 6374 2074 6865 0a20 2020 Connect the. \n+0000d360: 2020 6f75 7470 7574 206f 6620 7365 6e64 output of send\n+0000d370: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2028 7768 6572 ing system (wher\n+0000d380: 6520 4752 5542 2069 7320 7275 6e6e 696e e GRUB is runnin\n+0000d390: 6729 2074 6f20 6c69 6e65 2d69 6e20 6f66 g) to line-in of\n+0000d3a0: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6365 6976 696e 6720 . receiving \n+0000d3b0: 7379 7374 656d 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 system (usually \n+0000d3c0: 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 6d61 6368 696e developer machin\n+0000d3d0: 6529 2e20 204f 6e20 7265 6365 6976 696e e). On receivin\n+0000d3e0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 636f g system. co\n+0000d3f0: 6d70 696c 6520 2773 706b 6d6f 6465 6d2d mpile 'spkmodem-\n+0000d400: 7265 6376 2720 6672 6f6d 2027 7574 696c recv' from 'util\n+0000d410: 2f73 706b 6d6f 6465 6d2d 7265 6376 2e63 /spkmodem-recv.c\n+0000d420: 2720 616e 6420 7275 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 ' and run:.. \n+0000d430: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7265 636f 7264 202d parecord -\n+0000d440: 2d63 6861 6e6e 656c 733d 3120 2d2d 7261 -channels=1 --ra\n+0000d450: 7465 3d34 3830 3030 202d 2d66 6f72 6d61 te=48000 --forma\n+0000d460: 743d 7331 366c 6520 7c20 2e2f 7370 6b6d t=s16le | ./spkm\n+0000d470: 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 760a 0a20 2020 2020 odem-recv.. \n+0000d480: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 The default is t\n+0000d490: 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f o use the platfo\n+0000d4a0: 726d 2773 206e 6174 6976 6520 7465 726d rm's native term\n+0000d4b0: 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 2747 inal output...'G\n+0000d4c0: 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 270a 2020 RUB_TERMINAL'. \n+0000d4d0: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f If this optio\n+0000d4e0: 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206f 7665 n is set, it ove\n+0000d4f0: 7272 6964 6573 2062 6f74 6820 2747 5255 rrides both 'GRU\n+0000d500: 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f49 4e50 5554 B_TERMINAL_INPUT\n+0000d510: 2720 616e 640a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 ' and. 'GRUB\n+0000d520: 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 4f55 5450 5554 _TERMINAL_OUTPUT\n+0000d530: 2720 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7661 ' to the same va\n+0000d540: 6c75 652e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 5345 5249 lue...'GRUB_SERI\n+0000d550: 414c 5f43 4f4d 4d41 4e44 270a 2020 2020 AL_COMMAND'. \n+0000d560: 2041 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 636f A command to co\n+0000d570: 6e66 6967 7572 6520 7468 6520 7365 7269 nfigure the seri\n+0000d580: 616c 2070 6f72 7420 7768 656e 2075 7369 al port when usi\n+0000d590: 6e67 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 2020 ng the serial. \n+0000d5a0: 2020 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f console. *No\n+0000d5b0: 7465 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 3a2e 2020 4465 te serial::. De\n+0000d5c0: 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 2773 6572 6961 faults to 'seria\n+0000d5d0: 6c27 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 l'...'GRUB_CMDLI\n+0000d5e0: 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 270a 2020 2020 2043 NE_LINUX'. C\n+0000d5f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6172 6775 ommand-line argu\n+0000d600: 6d65 6e74 7320 746f 2061 6464 2074 6f20 ments to add to \n+0000d610: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2066 6f72 menu entries for\n+0000d620: 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 the Linux kerne\n+0000d630: 6c2e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e l...'GRUB_CMDLIN\n+0000d640: 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 4445 4641 554c 5427 E_LINUX_DEFAULT'\n+0000d650: 0a20 2020 2020 556e 6c65 7373 2027 4752 . Unless 'GR\n+0000d660: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f52 4543 4f56 UB_DISABLE_RECOV\n+0000d670: 4552 5927 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2027 ERY' is set to '\n+0000d680: 7472 7565 272c 2074 776f 206d 656e 7520 true', two menu \n+0000d690: 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 2020 2077 696c entries. wil\n+0000d6a0: 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2066 l be generated f\n+0000d6b0: 6f72 2065 6163 6820 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 or each Linux ke\n+0000d6c0: 726e 656c 3a20 6f6e 6520 6465 6661 756c rnel: one defaul\n+0000d6d0: 7420 656e 7472 7920 616e 6420 6f6e 650a t entry and one.\n+0000d6e0: 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 2072 entry for r\n+0000d6f0: 6563 6f76 6572 7920 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 ecovery mode. T\n+0000d700: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206c 6973 7473 his option lists\n+0000d710: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6172 command-line ar\n+0000d720: 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 guments. to \n+0000d730: 6164 6420 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 6520 add only to the \n+0000d740: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 default menu ent\n+0000d750: 7279 2c20 6166 7465 7220 7468 6f73 6520 ry, after those \n+0000d760: 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2027 listed in. '\n+0000d770: 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e GRUB_CMDLINE_LIN\n+0000d780: 5558 272e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 434d 444c UX'...'GRUB_CMDL\n+0000d790: 494e 455f 4e45 5442 5344 270a 2747 5255 INE_NETBSD'.'GRU\n+0000d7a0: 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4e45 5442 5344 B_CMDLINE_NETBSD\n+0000d7b0: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 270a 2020 2020 2041 _DEFAULT'. A\n+0000d7c0: 7320 2747 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f s 'GRUB_CMDLINE_\n+0000d7d0: 4c49 4e55 5827 2061 6e64 2027 4752 5542 LINUX' and 'GRUB\n+0000d7e0: 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 _CMDLINE_LINUX_D\n+0000d7f0: 4546 4155 4c54 272c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 EFAULT', but for\n+0000d800: 0a20 2020 2020 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a 0a27 . NetBSD...'\n+0000d810: 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f47 4e55 GRUB_CMDLINE_GNU\n+0000d820: 4d41 4348 270a 2020 2020 2041 7320 2747 MACH'. As 'G\n+0000d830: 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_CMDLINE_LINU\n+0000d840: 5827 2c20 6275 7420 666f 7220 474e 5520 X', but for GNU \n+0000d850: 4d61 6368 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 Mach...'GRUB_CMD\n+0000d860: 4c49 4e45 5f58 454e 270a 2747 5255 425f LINE_XEN'.'GRUB_\n+0000d870: 434d 444c 494e 455f 5845 4e5f 4445 4641 CMDLINE_XEN_DEFA\n+0000d880: 554c 5427 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7661 ULT'. The va\n+0000d890: 6c75 6573 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 6f70 lues of these op\n+0000d8a0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 tions are passed\n+0000d8b0: 2074 6f20 5865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 to Xen hypervis\n+0000d8c0: 6f72 2058 656e 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 or Xen menu. \n+0000d8d0: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 666f 7220 616c entries, for al\n+0000d8e0: 6c20 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 206e l respectively n\n+0000d8f0: 6f72 6d61 6c20 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a ormal entries...\n+0000d900: 2747 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 'GRUB_CMDLINE_LI\n+0000d910: 4e55 585f 5845 4e5f 5245 504c 4143 4527 NUX_XEN_REPLACE'\n+0000d920: 0a27 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c .'GRUB_CMDLINE_L\n+0000d930: 494e 5558 5f58 454e 5f52 4550 4c41 4345 INUX_XEN_REPLACE\n+0000d940: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 270a 2020 2020 2054 _DEFAULT'. T\n+0000d950: 6865 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 2074 6865 he values of the\n+0000d960: 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2072 6570 6c61 se options repla\n+0000d970: 6365 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 ce the values of\n+0000d980: 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f 434d 444c . 'GRUB_CMDL\n+0000d990: 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 5827 2061 6e64 2027 INE_LINUX' and '\n+0000d9a0: 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e GRUB_CMDLINE_LIN\n+0000d9b0: 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 2720 666f 7220 UX_DEFAULT' for \n+0000d9c0: 4c69 6e75 7820 616e 640a 2020 2020 2058 Linux and. X\n+0000d9d0: 656e 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e en menu entries.\n+0000d9e0: 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 4541 524c 595f 494e ..'GRUB_EARLY_IN\n+0000d9f0: 4954 5244 5f4c 494e 5558 5f43 5553 544f ITRD_LINUX_CUSTO\n+0000da00: 4d27 0a27 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 M'.'GRUB_EARLY_I\n+0000da10: 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 5354 4f43 NITRD_LINUX_STOC\n+0000da20: 4b27 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 6620 K'. List of \n+0000da30: 7370 6163 652d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 space-separated \n+0000da40: 6561 726c 7920 696e 6974 7264 2069 6d61 early initrd ima\n+0000da50: 6765 7320 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 ges to be loaded\n+0000da60: 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2027 2f62 6f6f from. '/boo\n+0000da70: 7427 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2066 6f72 t'. This is for\n+0000da80: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 6869 6e67 7320 loading things \n+0000da90: 6c69 6b65 2043 5055 206d 6963 726f 636f like CPU microco\n+0000daa0: 6465 2c20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2c0a 2020 de, firmware,. \n+0000dab0: 2020 2041 4350 4920 7461 626c 6573 2c20 ACPI tables, \n+0000dac0: 6372 7970 746f 206b 6579 732c 2061 6e64 crypto keys, and\n+0000dad0: 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 7365 2065 so on. These e\n+0000dae0: 6172 6c79 2069 6d61 6765 7320 7769 6c6c arly images will\n+0000daf0: 2062 650a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6465 6420 be. loaded \n+0000db00: 696e 2074 6865 206f 7264 6572 2064 6563 in the order dec\n+0000db10: 6c61 7265 642c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 2077 lared, and all w\n+0000db20: 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6265 ill be loaded be\n+0000db30: 666f 7265 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6163 fore the. ac\n+0000db40: 7475 616c 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 tual functional \n+0000db50: 696e 6974 7264 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 0a20 initrd image... \n+0000db60: 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f 4541 524c 595f 'GRUB_EARLY_\n+0000db70: 494e 4954 5244 5f4c 494e 5558 5f53 544f INITRD_LINUX_STO\n+0000db80: 434b 2720 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 CK' is for your \n+0000db90: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 distribution to \n+0000dba0: 6465 636c 6172 650a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 declare. ima\n+0000dbb0: 6765 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 2070 726f ges that are pro\n+0000dbc0: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2064 6973 vided by the dis\n+0000dbd0: 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2e 2020 4974 2073 tribution. It s\n+0000dbe0: 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6265 0a20 2020 hould not be. \n+0000dbf0: 2020 6d6f 6469 6669 6564 2077 6974 686f modified witho\n+0000dc00: 7574 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6469 6e67 ut understanding\n+0000dc10: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7365 7175 656e 6365 the consequence\n+0000dc20: 732e 2020 5468 6579 2077 696c 6c20 6265 s. They will be\n+0000dc30: 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 6972 . loaded fir\n+0000dc40: 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f st... 'GRUB_\n+0000dc50: 4541 524c 595f 494e 4954 5244 5f4c 494e EARLY_INITRD_LIN\n+0000dc60: 5558 5f43 5553 544f 4d27 2069 7320 666f UX_CUSTOM' is fo\n+0000dc70: 7220 796f 7572 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6372 r your custom cr\n+0000dc80: 6561 7465 6420 696d 6167 6573 2e0a 0a20 eated images... \n+0000dc90: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 The default \n+0000dca0: 7374 6f63 6b20 696d 6167 6573 2061 7265 stock images are\n+0000dcb0: 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 732c 2074 686f as follows, tho\n+0000dcc0: 7567 6820 7468 6579 206d 6179 2062 650a ugh they may be.\n+0000dcd0: 2020 2020 206f 7665 7272 6964 6465 6e20 overridden \n+0000dce0: 6279 2079 6f75 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 by your distribu\n+0000dcf0: 7469 6f6e 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tion:. \n+0000dd00: 696e 7465 6c2d 7563 2e69 6d67 2069 6e74 intel-uc.img int\n+0000dd10: 656c 2d75 636f 6465 2e69 6d67 2061 6d64 el-ucode.img amd\n+0000dd20: 2d75 632e 696d 6720 616d 642d 7563 6f64 -uc.img amd-ucod\n+0000dd30: 652e 696d 6720 6561 726c 795f 7563 6f64 e.img early_ucod\n+0000dd40: 652e 6370 696f 206d 6963 726f 636f 6465 e.cpio microcode\n+0000dd50: 2e63 7069 6f0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f44 4953 .cpio..'GRUB_DIS\n+0000dd60: 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 5549 4427 ABLE_LINUX_UUID'\n+0000dd70: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 . Normally, \n+0000dd80: 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2720 'grub-mkconfig' \n+0000dd90: 7769 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6d65 will generate me\n+0000dda0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2074 6861 7420 nu entries that \n+0000ddb0: 7573 650a 2020 2020 2075 6e69 7665 7273 use. univers\n+0000ddc0: 616c 6c79 2d75 6e69 7175 6520 6964 656e ally-unique iden\n+0000ddd0: 7469 6669 6572 7320 2855 5549 4473 2920 tifiers (UUIDs) \n+0000dde0: 746f 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7920 7468 6520 to identify the \n+0000ddf0: 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 root. filesy\n+0000de00: 7374 656d 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 stem to the Linu\n+0000de10: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 7573 696e 6720 x kernel, using \n+0000de20: 6120 2772 6f6f 743d 5555 4944 3d2e 2e2e a 'root=UUID=...\n+0000de30: 2720 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 7061 ' kernel. pa\n+0000de40: 7261 6d65 7465 722e 2020 5468 6973 2069 rameter. This i\n+0000de50: 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6d6f 7265 2072 s usually more r\n+0000de60: 656c 6961 626c 652c 2062 7574 2069 6e20 eliable, but in \n+0000de70: 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2069 7420 6d61 some cases it ma\n+0000de80: 790a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6170 y. not be ap\n+0000de90: 7072 6f70 7269 6174 652e 2020 546f 2064 propriate. To d\n+0000dea0: 6973 6162 6c65 2074 6865 2075 7365 206f isable the use o\n+0000deb0: 6620 5555 4944 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 f UUIDs, set thi\n+0000dec0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 746f s option. to\n+0000ded0: 2027 7472 7565 272e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 'true'...'GRUB_\n+0000dee0: 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 DISABLE_LINUX_PA\n+0000def0: 5254 5555 4944 270a 2020 2020 2049 6620 RTUUID'. If \n+0000df00: 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2720 'grub-mkconfig' \n+0000df10: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7920 cannot identify \n+0000df20: 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6573 7973 the root filesys\n+0000df30: 7465 6d20 7669 6120 6974 730a 2020 2020 tem via its. \n+0000df40: 2075 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2d75 6e69 universally-uni\n+0000df50: 7175 6520 696e 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 que indentifier \n+0000df60: 2855 5549 4429 2c20 2767 7275 622d 6d6b (UUID), 'grub-mk\n+0000df70: 636f 6e66 6967 2720 6361 6e20 7573 6520 config' can use \n+0000df80: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2055 5549 4420 6f66 the. UUID of\n+0000df90: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 the partition c\n+0000dfa0: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 ontaining the fi\n+0000dfb0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 6964 656e lesystem to iden\n+0000dfc0: 7469 6679 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 726f tify the. ro\n+0000dfd0: 6f74 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 746f ot filesystem to\n+0000dfe0: 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 the Linux kerne\n+0000dff0: 6c20 7669 6120 6120 2772 6f6f 743d 5041 l via a 'root=PA\n+0000e000: 5254 5555 4944 3d2e 2e2e 270a 2020 2020 RTUUID=...'. \n+0000e010: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 kernel paramete\n+0000e020: 722e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 r. This is not \n+0000e030: 6173 2072 656c 6961 626c 6520 6173 2075 as reliable as u\n+0000e040: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 sing the filesys\n+0000e050: 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2055 5549 442c 2062 tem. UUID, b\n+0000e060: 7574 2069 7320 6d6f 7265 2072 656c 6961 ut is more relia\n+0000e070: 626c 6520 7468 616e 2075 7369 6e67 2074 ble than using t\n+0000e080: 6865 204c 696e 7578 2064 6576 6963 6520 he Linux device \n+0000e090: 6e61 6d65 732e 2020 5768 656e 0a20 2020 names. When. \n+0000e0a0: 2020 2747 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 'GRUB_DISABLE_\n+0000e0b0: 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 2720 LINUX_PARTUUID' \n+0000e0c0: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2766 616c 7365 is set to 'false\n+0000e0d0: 272c 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 ', the Linux ker\n+0000e0e0: 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2076 6572 7369 6f6e nel. version\n+0000e0f0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2032 2e36 2e33 3720 must be 2.6.37 \n+0000e100: 2833 2e31 3020 666f 7220 7379 7374 656d (3.10 for system\n+0000e110: 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4d53 444f s using the MSDO\n+0000e120: 5320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 S partition. \n+0000e130: 2073 6368 656d 6529 206f 7220 6e65 7765 scheme) or newe\n+0000e140: 722e 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 r. This option \n+0000e150: 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 2774 7275 defaults to 'tru\n+0000e160: 6527 2e20 2054 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2074 e'. To enable t\n+0000e170: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 6f66 2070 he. use of p\n+0000e180: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2055 5549 4473 2c20 artition UUIDs, \n+0000e190: 7365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 set this option \n+0000e1a0: 746f 2027 6661 6c73 6527 2e0a 0a27 4752 to 'false'...'GR\n+0000e1b0: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f52 4543 4f56 UB_DISABLE_RECOV\n+0000e1c0: 4552 5927 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 ERY'. If thi\n+0000e1d0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 s option is set \n+0000e1e0: 746f 2027 7472 7565 272c 2064 6973 6162 to 'true', disab\n+0000e1f0: 6c65 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f le the generatio\n+0000e200: 6e20 6f66 2072 6563 6f76 6572 790a 2020 n of recovery. \n+0000e210: 2020 206d 6f64 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 mode menu ent\n+0000e220: 7269 6573 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f44 4953 ries...'GRUB_DIS\n+0000e230: 4142 4c45 5f55 5549 4427 0a20 2020 2020 ABLE_UUID'. \n+0000e240: 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 2767 7275 622d Normally, 'grub-\n+0000e250: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2720 7769 6c6c 2067 mkconfig' will g\n+0000e260: 656e 6572 6174 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 enerate menu ent\n+0000e270: 7269 6573 2074 6861 7420 7573 650a 2020 ries that use. \n+0000e280: 2020 2075 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2d75 universally-u\n+0000e290: 6e69 7175 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 nique identifier\n+0000e2a0: 7320 2855 5549 4473 2920 746f 2069 6465 s (UUIDs) to ide\n+0000e2b0: 6e74 6966 7920 7661 7269 6f75 730a 2020 ntify various. \n+0000e2c0: 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 2074 filesystems t\n+0000e2d0: 6f20 7365 6172 6368 2066 6f72 2066 696c o search for fil\n+0000e2e0: 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2075 7375 es. This is usu\n+0000e2f0: 616c 6c79 206d 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 ally more reliab\n+0000e300: 6c65 2c0a 2020 2020 2062 7574 2069 6e20 le,. but in \n+0000e310: 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2069 7420 6d61 some cases it ma\n+0000e320: 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7070 726f 7072 y not be appropr\n+0000e330: 6961 7465 2e20 2054 6f20 6469 7361 626c iate. To disabl\n+0000e340: 6520 7468 6973 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 e this use. \n+0000e350: 6f66 2055 5549 4473 2c20 7365 7420 7468 of UUIDs, set th\n+0000e360: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 2027 7472 is option to 'tr\n+0000e370: 7565 272e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 ue'. Setting th\n+0000e380: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 0a20 2020 is option to. \n+0000e390: 2020 2774 7275 6527 2c20 7769 6c6c 2061 'true', will a\n+0000e3a0: 6c73 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 6f70 7469 lso set the opti\n+0000e3b0: 6f6e 7320 2747 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c ons 'GRUB_DISABL\n+0000e3c0: 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 2720 616e E_LINUX_UUID' an\n+0000e3d0: 640a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f44 4953 d. 'GRUB_DIS\n+0000e3e0: 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 ABLE_LINUX_PARTU\n+0000e3f0: 5549 4427 2074 6f20 2774 7275 6527 2c20 UID' to 'true', \n+0000e400: 756e 6c65 7373 2074 6865 7920 6861 7665 unless they have\n+0000e410: 2062 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 2065 7870 6c69 been. expli\n+0000e420: 6369 6c74 7920 7365 7420 746f 2027 6661 cilty set to 'fa\n+0000e430: 6c73 6527 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f56 4944 lse'...'GRUB_VID\n+0000e440: 454f 5f42 4143 4b45 4e44 270a 2020 2020 EO_BACKEND'. \n+0000e450: 2049 6620 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7669 If graphical vi\n+0000e460: 6465 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2072 deo support is r\n+0000e470: 6571 7569 7265 642c 2065 6974 6865 7220 equired, either \n+0000e480: 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 because the. \n+0000e490: 2027 6766 7874 6572 6d27 2067 7261 7068 'gfxterm' graph\n+0000e4a0: 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6973 ical terminal is\n+0000e4b0: 2069 6e20 7573 6520 6f72 2062 6563 6175 in use or becau\n+0000e4c0: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f 4746 se. 'GRUB_GF\n+0000e4d0: 5850 4159 4c4f 4144 5f4c 494e 5558 2720 XPAYLOAD_LINUX' \n+0000e4e0: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 7468 656e 2027 6772 is set, then 'gr\n+0000e4f0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2077 696c ub-mkconfig' wil\n+0000e500: 6c20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 l normally. \n+0000e510: 6c6f 6164 2061 6c6c 2061 7661 696c 6162 load all availab\n+0000e520: 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7669 6465 6f20 6472 le GRUB video dr\n+0000e530: 6976 6572 7320 616e 6420 7573 6520 7468 ivers and use th\n+0000e540: 6520 6f6e 6520 6d6f 7374 0a20 2020 2020 e one most. \n+0000e550: 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 666f 7220 appropriate for \n+0000e560: 796f 7572 2068 6172 6477 6172 652e 2020 your hardware. \n+0000e570: 4966 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 206f If you need to o\n+0000e580: 7665 7272 6964 6520 7468 6973 2066 6f72 verride this for\n+0000e590: 0a20 2020 2020 736f 6d65 2072 6561 736f . some reaso\n+0000e5a0: 6e2c 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 n, then you can \n+0000e5b0: 7365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e2e set this option.\n+0000e5c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6674 6572 2027 6772 .. After 'gr\n+0000e5d0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2720 6861 7320 ub-install' has \n+0000e5e0: 6265 656e 2072 756e 2c20 7468 6520 6176 been run, the av\n+0000e5f0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6472 ailable video dr\n+0000e600: 6976 6572 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 206c ivers are. l\n+0000e610: 6973 7465 6420 696e 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f isted in '/boot/\n+0000e620: 6772 7562 2f76 6964 656f 2e6c 7374 272e grub/video.lst'.\n+0000e630: 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 4746 584d 4f44 4527 ..'GRUB_GFXMODE'\n+0000e640: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 7265 . Set the re\n+0000e650: 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 6f6e solution used on\n+0000e660: 2074 6865 2027 6766 7874 6572 6d27 2067 the 'gfxterm' g\n+0000e670: 7261 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 raphical termina\n+0000e680: 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7468 l. Note. th\n+0000e690: 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 at you can only \n+0000e6a0: 7573 6520 6d6f 6465 7320 7768 6963 6820 use modes which \n+0000e6b0: 796f 7572 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 your graphics ca\n+0000e6c0: 7264 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7669 610a rd supports via.\n+0000e6d0: 2020 2020 2056 4553 4120 4249 4f53 2045 VESA BIOS E\n+0000e6e0: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 2856 4245 292c xtensions (VBE),\n+0000e6f0: 2073 6f20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 so for example \n+0000e700: 6e61 7469 7665 204c 4344 2070 616e 656c native LCD panel\n+0000e710: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e . resolution\n+0000e720: 7320 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 s may not be ava\n+0000e730: 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 ilable. The def\n+0000e740: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2761 7574 6f27 2c20 ault is 'auto', \n+0000e750: 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 2074 7269 6573 which. tries\n+0000e760: 2074 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 2061 2070 7265 to select a pre\n+0000e770: 6665 7272 6564 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f ferred resolutio\n+0000e780: 6e2e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 6766 786d 6f64 n. *Note gfxmod\n+0000e790: 653a 3a2e 0a0a 2747 5255 425f 4241 434b e::...'GRUB_BACK\n+0000e7a0: 4752 4f55 4e44 270a 2020 2020 2053 6574 GROUND'. Set\n+0000e7b0: 2061 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 696d a background im\n+0000e7c0: 6167 6520 666f 7220 7573 6520 7769 7468 age for use with\n+0000e7d0: 2074 6865 2027 6766 7874 6572 6d27 2067 the 'gfxterm' g\n+0000e7e0: 7261 7068 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7465 raphical. te\n+0000e7f0: 726d 696e 616c 2e20 2054 6865 2076 616c rminal. The val\n+0000e800: 7565 206f 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f ue of this optio\n+0000e810: 6e20 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 6669 6c65 n must be a file\n+0000e820: 2072 6561 6461 626c 6520 6279 2047 5255 readable by GRU\n+0000e830: 420a 2020 2020 2061 7420 626f 6f74 2074 B. at boot t\n+0000e840: 696d 652c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 6d75 7374 ime, and it must\n+0000e850: 2065 6e64 2077 6974 6820 272e 706e 6727 end with '.png'\n+0000e860: 2c20 272e 7467 6127 2c20 272e 6a70 6727 , '.tga', '.jpg'\n+0000e870: 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 272e 6a70 6567 , or. '.jpeg\n+0000e880: 272e 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 7769 '. The image wi\n+0000e890: 6c6c 2062 6520 7363 616c 6564 2069 6620 ll be scaled if \n+0000e8a0: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f 2066 6974 necessary to fit\n+0000e8b0: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a20 2020 the screen.. \n+0000e8c0: 2020 496d 6167 6520 6865 6967 6874 2061 Image height a\n+0000e8d0: 6e64 2077 6964 7468 2077 696c 6c20 6265 nd width will be\n+0000e8e0: 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 6279 2061 restricted by a\n+0000e8f0: 6e20 6172 7469 6669 6369 616c 206c 696d n artificial lim\n+0000e900: 6974 206f 660a 2020 2020 2031 3633 3834 it of. 16384\n+0000e910: 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f54 4845 4d45 270a ...'GRUB_THEME'.\n+0000e920: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 2074 6865 6d65 Set a theme\n+0000e930: 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2077 6974 6820 7468 for use with th\n+0000e940: 6520 2767 6678 7465 726d 2720 6772 6170 e 'gfxterm' grap\n+0000e950: 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a hical terminal..\n+0000e960: 0a27 4752 5542 5f47 4658 5041 594c 4f41 .'GRUB_GFXPAYLOA\n+0000e970: 445f 4c49 4e55 5827 0a20 2020 2020 5365 D_LINUX'. Se\n+0000e980: 7420 746f 2027 7465 7874 2720 746f 2066 t to 'text' to f\n+0000e990: 6f72 6365 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b orce the Linux k\n+0000e9a0: 6572 6e65 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e ernel to boot in\n+0000e9b0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 0a20 2020 normal text. \n+0000e9c0: 2020 6d6f 6465 2c20 276b 6565 7027 2074 mode, 'keep' t\n+0000e9d0: 6f20 7072 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 2067 o preserve the g\n+0000e9e0: 7261 7068 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 2073 6574 raphics mode set\n+0000e9f0: 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 2747 5255 using. 'GRU\n+0000ea00: 425f 4746 584d 4f44 4527 2c20 2757 4944 B_GFXMODE', 'WID\n+0000ea10: 5448 7848 4549 4748 5427 5b27 7844 4550 THxHEIGHT'['xDEP\n+0000ea20: 5448 275d 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 7061 TH'] to set a pa\n+0000ea30: 7274 6963 756c 6172 0a20 2020 2020 6772 rticular. gr\n+0000ea40: 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 652c 206f 7220 aphics mode, or \n+0000ea50: 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 7468 a sequence of th\n+0000ea60: 6573 6520 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 ese separated by\n+0000ea70: 2063 6f6d 6d61 7320 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 commas or. \n+0000ea80: 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 2074 6f20 7472 semicolons to tr\n+0000ea90: 7920 7365 7665 7261 6c20 6d6f 6465 7320 y several modes \n+0000eaa0: 696e 2073 6571 7565 6e63 652e 2020 2a4e in sequence. *N\n+0000eab0: 6f74 6520 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 3a3a ote gfxpayload::\n+0000eac0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4465 7065 6e64 696e ... Dependin\n+0000ead0: 6720 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c g on your kernel\n+0000eae0: 2c20 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 , your distribut\n+0000eaf0: 696f 6e2c 2079 6f75 7220 6772 6170 6869 ion, your graphi\n+0000eb00: 6373 2063 6172 642c 0a20 2020 2020 616e cs card,. an\n+0000eb10: 6420 7468 6520 7068 6173 6520 6f66 2074 d the phase of t\n+0000eb20: 6865 206d 6f6f 6e2c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 he moon, note th\n+0000eb30: 6174 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6f70 at using this op\n+0000eb40: 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2063 6175 7365 0a20 tion may cause. \n+0000eb50: 2020 2020 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 746f GNU/Linux to\n+0000eb60: 2073 7566 6665 7220 6672 6f6d 2076 6172 suffer from var\n+0000eb70: 696f 7573 2064 6973 706c 6179 2070 726f ious display pro\n+0000eb80: 626c 656d 732c 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 blems, particula\n+0000eb90: 726c 790a 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 rly. during \n+0000eba0: 7468 6520 6561 726c 7920 7061 7274 206f the early part o\n+0000ebb0: 6620 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6571 7565 f the boot seque\n+0000ebc0: 6e63 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 nce. If you hav\n+0000ebd0: 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c0a 2020 2020 e problems,. \n+0000ebe0: 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e set this option\n+0000ebf0: 2074 6f20 2774 6578 7427 2061 6e64 2047 to 'text' and G\n+0000ec00: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2074 656c 6c20 4c69 RUB will tell Li\n+0000ec10: 6e75 7820 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 0a20 nux to boot in. \n+0000ec20: 2020 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 6578 7420 normal text \n+0000ec30: 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f44 4953 mode...'GRUB_DIS\n+0000ec40: 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 270a ABLE_OS_PROBER'.\n+0000ec50: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 6772 7562 2d6d The 'grub-m\n+0000ec60: 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2068 6173 2061 2066 kconfig' has a f\n+0000ec70: 6561 7475 7265 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 eature to use th\n+0000ec80: 6520 6578 7465 726e 616c 2027 6f73 2d70 e external 'os-p\n+0000ec90: 726f 6265 7227 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f67 rober'. prog\n+0000eca0: 7261 6d20 746f 2064 6973 636f 7665 7220 ram to discover \n+0000ecb0: 6f74 6865 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 other operating \n+0000ecc0: 7379 7374 656d 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c65 systems installe\n+0000ecd0: 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d 650a 2020 d on the same. \n+0000ece0: 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2061 6e64 2067 machine and g\n+0000ecf0: 656e 6572 6174 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 enerate appropri\n+0000ed00: 6174 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 ate menu entries\n+0000ed10: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 6d2e 2020 4974 2069 for them. It i\n+0000ed20: 730a 2020 2020 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 s. disabled \n+0000ed30: 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 696e 6365 by default since\n+0000ed40: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2061 6e64 2073 automatic and s\n+0000ed50: 696c 656e 7420 6578 6563 7574 696f 6e20 ilent execution \n+0000ed60: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 276f 732d 7072 6f62 of. 'os-prob\n+0000ed70: 6572 272c 2061 6e64 2063 7265 6174 696e er', and creatin\n+0000ed80: 6720 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2062 g boot entries b\n+0000ed90: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6174 2064 6174 ased on that dat\n+0000eda0: 612c 2069 7320 610a 2020 2020 2070 6f74 a, is a. pot\n+0000edb0: 656e 7469 616c 2061 7474 6163 6b20 7665 ential attack ve\n+0000edc0: 6374 6f72 2e20 2053 6574 2074 6869 7320 ctor. Set this \n+0000edd0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 2766 616c 7365 option to 'false\n+0000ede0: 2720 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 7468 6973 ' to enable this\n+0000edf0: 0a20 2020 2020 6665 6174 7572 6520 696e . feature in\n+0000ee00: 2074 6865 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e the 'grub-mkcon\n+0000ee10: 6669 6727 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a27 fig' command...'\n+0000ee20: 4752 5542 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 5f53 GRUB_OS_PROBER_S\n+0000ee30: 4b49 505f 4c49 5354 270a 2020 2020 204c KIP_LIST'. L\n+0000ee40: 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7061 6365 2d73 6570 ist of space-sep\n+0000ee50: 6172 6174 6564 2046 5320 5555 4944 7320 arated FS UUIDs \n+0000ee60: 6f66 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 2074 of filesystems t\n+0000ee70: 6f20 6265 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2066 726f o be ignored fro\n+0000ee80: 6d0a 2020 2020 206f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 m. os-prober\n+0000ee90: 206f 7574 7075 742e 2020 466f 7220 6566 output. For ef\n+0000eea0: 6920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7273 2069 i chainloaders i\n+0000eeb0: 7427 7320 3c55 5549 443e 403c 4546 4920 t's @..'GRUB_DIS\n+0000eed0: 4142 4c45 5f53 5542 4d45 4e55 270a 2020 ABLE_SUBMENU'. \n+0000eee0: 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2027 6772 Normally, 'gr\n+0000eef0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2077 696c ub-mkconfig' wil\n+0000ef00: 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2074 6f70 206c l generate top l\n+0000ef10: 6576 656c 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 evel menu entry \n+0000ef20: 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206b 6572 for. the ker\n+0000ef30: 6e65 6c20 7769 7468 2068 6967 6865 7374 nel with highest\n+0000ef40: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 version number \n+0000ef50: 616e 6420 7075 7420 616c 6c20 6f74 6865 and put all othe\n+0000ef60: 7220 666f 756e 640a 2020 2020 206b 6572 r found. ker\n+0000ef70: 6e65 6c73 206f 7220 616c 7465 726e 6174 nels or alternat\n+0000ef80: 6976 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 ive menu entries\n+0000ef90: 2066 6f72 2072 6563 6f76 6572 7920 6d6f for recovery mo\n+0000efa0: 6465 2069 6e20 7375 626d 656e 752e 0a20 de in submenu.. \n+0000efb0: 2020 2020 466f 7220 656e 7472 6965 7320 For entries \n+0000efc0: 7265 7475 726e 6564 2062 7920 276f 732d returned by 'os-\n+0000efd0: 7072 6f62 6572 2720 6669 7273 7420 656e prober' first en\n+0000efe0: 7472 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7075 7420 try will be put \n+0000eff0: 6f6e 2074 6f70 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7665 on top. leve\n+0000f000: 6c20 616e 6420 616c 6c20 6f74 6865 7273 l and all others\n+0000f010: 2069 6e20 7375 626d 656e 752e 2020 4966 in submenu. If\n+0000f020: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 this option is \n+0000f030: 7365 7420 746f 2027 7472 7565 272c 0a20 set to 'true',. \n+0000f040: 2020 2020 666c 6174 206d 656e 7520 7769 flat menu wi\n+0000f050: 7468 2061 6c6c 2065 6e74 7269 6573 206f th all entries o\n+0000f060: 6e20 746f 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 7769 6c6c n top level will\n+0000f070: 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 696e be generated in\n+0000f080: 7374 6561 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4368 616e stead.. Chan\n+0000f090: 6769 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e ging this option\n+0000f0a0: 2077 696c 6c20 7265 7175 6972 6520 6368 will require ch\n+0000f0b0: 616e 6769 6e67 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 anging existing \n+0000f0c0: 7661 6c75 6573 206f 660a 2020 2020 2027 values of. '\n+0000f0d0: 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 272c 2027 GRUB_DEFAULT', '\n+0000f0e0: 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 fallback' (*note\n+0000f0f0: 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b3a 3a29 2061 6e64 fallback::) and\n+0000f100: 2027 6465 6661 756c 7427 2028 2a6e 6f74 'default' (*not\n+0000f110: 650a 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 3a3a e. default::\n+0000f120: 2920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 ) environment va\n+0000f130: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6173 2077 656c 6c20 riables as well \n+0000f140: 6173 2073 6176 6564 2064 6566 6175 6c74 as saved default\n+0000f150: 2065 6e74 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7573 696e entry. usin\n+0000f160: 6720 2767 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 g 'grub-set-defa\n+0000f170: 756c 7427 2061 6e64 2076 616c 7565 2075 ult' and value u\n+0000f180: 7365 6420 7769 7468 2027 6772 7562 2d72 sed with 'grub-r\n+0000f190: 6562 6f6f 7427 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 5f45 eboot'...'GRUB_E\n+0000f1a0: 4e41 424c 455f 4352 5950 544f 4449 534b NABLE_CRYPTODISK\n+0000f1b0: 270a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7365 7420 746f '. If set to\n+0000f1c0: 2027 7927 2c20 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 'y', 'grub-mkco\n+0000f1d0: 6e66 6967 2720 616e 6420 2767 7275 622d nfig' and 'grub-\n+0000f1e0: 696e 7374 616c 6c27 2077 696c 6c20 6368 install' will ch\n+0000f1f0: 6563 6b20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 eck for. enc\n+0000f200: 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2061 6e64 rypted disks and\n+0000f210: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6164 6469 7469 generate additi\n+0000f220: 6f6e 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6e65 onal commands ne\n+0000f230: 6564 6564 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 eded to access. \n+0000f240: 2020 2020 7468 656d 2064 7572 696e 6720 them during \n+0000f250: 626f 6f74 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 boot. Note that\n+0000f260: 2069 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 756e in this case un\n+0000f270: 6174 7465 6e64 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 attended boot is\n+0000f280: 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7373 6962 not. possib\n+0000f290: 6c65 2062 6563 6175 7365 2047 5255 4220 le because GRUB \n+0000f2a0: 7769 6c6c 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7061 will wait for pa\n+0000f2b0: 7373 7068 7261 7365 2074 6f20 756e 6c6f ssphrase to unlo\n+0000f2c0: 636b 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 0a20 2020 ck encrypted. \n+0000f2d0: 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 722e 0a0a 2747 container...'G\n+0000f2e0: 5255 425f 494e 4954 5f54 554e 4527 0a20 RUB_INIT_TUNE'. \n+0000f2f0: 2020 2020 506c 6179 2061 2074 756e 6520 Play a tune \n+0000f300: 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 7065 616b 6572 2077 on the speaker w\n+0000f310: 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2073 7461 7274 732e hen GRUB starts.\n+0000f320: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7061 7274 6963 This is partic\n+0000f330: 756c 6172 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6566 ularly. usef\n+0000f340: 756c 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7273 2075 6e61 ul for users una\n+0000f350: 626c 6520 746f 2073 6565 2074 6865 2073 ble to see the s\n+0000f360: 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 creen. The valu\n+0000f370: 6520 6f66 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 206f e of this. o\n+0000f380: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2070 6173 7365 6420 ption is passed \n+0000f390: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2074 6f20 2a6e 6f74 directly to *not\n+0000f3a0: 6520 706c 6179 3a3a 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 e play::...'GRUB\n+0000f3b0: 5f42 4144 5241 4d27 0a20 2020 2020 4966 _BADRAM'. If\n+0000f3c0: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 this option is \n+0000f3d0: 7365 742c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2069 set, GRUB will i\n+0000f3e0: 7373 7565 2061 202a 6e6f 7465 2062 6164 ssue a *note bad\n+0000f3f0: 7261 6d3a 3a20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 746f ram:: command to\n+0000f400: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c74 6572 206f 7574 . filter out\n+0000f410: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 6567 696f specified regio\n+0000f420: 6e73 206f 6620 5241 4d2e 0a0a 2747 5255 ns of RAM...'GRU\n+0000f430: 425f 5052 454c 4f41 445f 4d4f 4455 4c45 B_PRELOAD_MODULE\n+0000f440: 5327 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 S'. This opt\n+0000f450: 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 ion may be set t\n+0000f460: 6f20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 4752 5542 o a list of GRUB\n+0000f470: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 7365 module names se\n+0000f480: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 parated by. \n+0000f490: 7370 6163 6573 2e20 2045 6163 6820 6d6f spaces. Each mo\n+0000f4a0: 6475 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206c 6f61 dule will be loa\n+0000f4b0: 6465 6420 6173 2065 6172 6c79 2061 7320 ded as early as \n+0000f4c0: 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 6174 2074 6865 possible, at the\n+0000f4d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2027 . start of '\n+0000f4e0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 272e 0a0a 2747 5255 grub.cfg'...'GRU\n+0000f4f0: 425f 5245 434f 5244 4641 494c 5f54 494d B_RECORDFAIL_TIM\n+0000f500: 454f 5554 270a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 EOUT'. If th\n+0000f510: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 is option is set\n+0000f520: 2c20 6974 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 , it overrides t\n+0000f530: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2072 6563 6f72 he default recor\n+0000f540: 6466 6169 6c20 7365 7474 696e 672e 0a20 dfail setting.. \n+0000f550: 2020 2020 4120 7365 7474 696e 6720 6f66 A setting of\n+0000f560: 202d 3120 6361 7573 6573 2047 5255 4220 -1 causes GRUB \n+0000f570: 746f 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 7573 6572 to wait for user\n+0000f580: 2069 6e70 7574 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 input indefinit\n+0000f590: 656c 792e 0a20 2020 2020 486f 7765 7665 ely.. Howeve\n+0000f5a0: 722c 2061 2066 616c 7365 2070 6f73 6974 r, a false posit\n+0000f5b0: 6976 6520 696e 2074 6865 2072 6563 6f72 ive in the recor\n+0000f5c0: 6466 6169 6c20 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d20 dfail mechanism \n+0000f5d0: 6d61 7920 6f63 6375 7220 6966 0a20 2020 may occur if. \n+0000f5e0: 2020 706f 7765 7220 6973 206c 6f73 7420 power is lost \n+0000f5f0: 6475 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 6265 666f during boot befo\n+0000f600: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 7375 6363 6573 7320 re boot success \n+0000f610: 6973 2072 6563 6f72 6465 6420 696e 0a20 is recorded in. \n+0000f620: 2020 2020 7573 6572 7370 6163 652e 2020 userspace. \n+0000f630: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7365 7474 The default sett\n+0000f640: 696e 6720 6973 2033 302c 2077 6869 6368 ing is 30, which\n+0000f650: 2063 6175 7365 7320 4752 5542 2074 6f20 causes GRUB to \n+0000f660: 7761 6974 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 7573 wait. for us\n+0000f670: 6572 2069 6e70 7574 2066 6f72 2074 6869 er input for thi\n+0000f680: 7274 7920 7365 636f 6e64 7320 6265 666f rty seconds befo\n+0000f690: 7265 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 696e 672e 2020 re continuing. \n+0000f6a0: 5468 6973 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 This default. \n+0000f6b0: 2020 616c 6c6f 7773 2069 6e74 6572 6163 allows interac\n+0000f6c0: 7469 7665 2075 7365 7273 2074 6865 206f tive users the o\n+0000f6d0: 7070 6f72 7475 6e69 7479 2074 6f20 7377 pportunity to sw\n+0000f6e0: 6974 6368 2074 6f20 6120 6469 6666 6572 itch to a differ\n+0000f6f0: 656e 742c 0a20 2020 2020 776f 726b 696e ent,. workin\n+0000f700: 6720 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 7768 696c 6520 g kernel, while \n+0000f710: 6176 6f69 6469 6e67 2061 2066 616c 7365 avoiding a false\n+0000f720: 2070 6f73 6974 6976 6520 6361 7573 696e positive causin\n+0000f730: 6720 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2074 6f0a 2020 g the boot to. \n+0000f740: 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 2069 6e64 6566 696e block indefin\n+0000f750: 6974 656c 7920 6f6e 2068 6561 646c 6573 itely on headles\n+0000f760: 7320 616e 6420 6170 706c 6961 6e63 6520 s and appliance \n+0000f770: 7379 7374 656d 7320 7768 6572 6520 6163 systems where ac\n+0000f780: 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2061 2063 cess. to a c\n+0000f790: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2069 7320 7265 7374 7269 onsole is restri\n+0000f7a0: 6374 6564 206f 7220 6c69 6d69 7465 642e cted or limited.\n+0000f7b0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 .. This opti\n+0000f7c0: 6f6e 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2065 6666 6563 on is only effec\n+0000f7d0: 7469 7665 2077 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 tive when GRUB w\n+0000f7e0: 6173 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 7769 as configured wi\n+0000f7f0: 7468 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 272d 2d65 th the. '--e\n+0000f800: 6e61 626c 652d 7175 6963 6b2d 626f 6f74 nable-quick-boot\n+0000f810: 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a27 4752 5542 ' option...'GRUB\n+0000f820: 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 595f 5449 544c 4527 _RECOVERY_TITLE'\n+0000f830: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f . This optio\n+0000f840: 6e20 7365 7473 2074 6865 2045 6e67 6c69 n sets the Engli\n+0000f850: 7368 2074 6578 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 sh text of the s\n+0000f860: 7472 696e 6720 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 tring that will \n+0000f870: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7965 be. displaye\n+0000f880: 6420 696e 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 d in parentheses\n+0000f890: 2074 6f20 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 6861 to indicate tha\n+0000f8a0: 7420 6120 626f 6f74 206f 7074 696f 6e20 t a boot option \n+0000f8b0: 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 640a 2020 2020 is provided. \n+0000f8c0: 2074 6f20 6865 6c70 2075 7365 7273 2072 to help users r\n+0000f8d0: 6563 6f76 6572 2061 2062 726f 6b65 6e20 ecover a broken \n+0000f8e0: 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 system. The def\n+0000f8f0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2272 6563 6f76 6572 ault is \"recover\n+0000f900: 790a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6522 2e0a 0a20 y. mode\"... \n+0000f910: 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 The following \n+0000f920: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7374 696c options are stil\n+0000f930: 6c20 6163 6365 7074 6564 2066 6f72 2063 l accepted for c\n+0000f940: 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2077 6974 ompatibility wit\n+0000f950: 680a 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6f6e 6669 h.existing confi\n+0000f960: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2062 7574 2068 gurations, but h\n+0000f970: 6176 6520 6265 7474 6572 2072 6570 6c61 ave better repla\n+0000f980: 6365 6d65 6e74 733a 0a0a 2747 5255 425f cements:..'GRUB_\n+0000f990: 4849 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 270a HIDDEN_TIMEOUT'.\n+0000f9a0: 2020 2020 2057 6169 7420 7468 6973 206d Wait this m\n+0000f9b0: 616e 7920 7365 636f 6e64 7320 6265 666f any seconds befo\n+0000f9c0: 7265 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 6720 7468 re displaying th\n+0000f9d0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 6620 3c45 5343 e menu. If or. a\n+0000f9f0: 7265 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6f72 203c re pressed, or <\n+0000fa00: 5348 4946 543e 2069 7320 6865 6c64 2064 SHIFT> is held d\n+0000fa10: 6f77 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 own during that \n+0000fa20: 7469 6d65 2c20 6469 7370 6c61 790a 2020 time, display. \n+0000fa30: 2020 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 the menu and \n+0000fa40: 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2069 6e70 7574 2061 wait for input a\n+0000fa50: 6363 6f72 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 2747 5255 ccording to 'GRU\n+0000fa60: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 5427 2e20 2049 6620 B_TIMEOUT'. If \n+0000fa70: 610a 2020 2020 2068 6f74 6b65 7920 6173 a. hotkey as\n+0000fa80: 736f 6369 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 sociated with a \n+0000fa90: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 7072 menu entry is pr\n+0000faa0: 6573 7365 642c 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 essed, boot the \n+0000fab0: 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 0a20 2020 2020 associated. \n+0000fac0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6d6d 6564 menu entry immed\n+0000fad0: 6961 7465 6c79 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 iately. If the \n+0000fae0: 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6578 7069 7265 7320 timeout expires \n+0000faf0: 6265 666f 7265 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 before either of\n+0000fb00: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6573 6520 6861 7070 . these happ\n+0000fb10: 656e 732c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 ens, display the\n+0000fb20: 206d 656e 7520 666f 7220 7468 6520 6e75 menu for the nu\n+0000fb30: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 7320 mber of seconds \n+0000fb40: 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a 2020 2020 2069 specified. i\n+0000fb50: 6e20 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 5427 n 'GRUB_TIMEOUT'\n+0000fb60: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 before booting \n+0000fb70: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 the default entr\n+0000fb80: 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 y... If you \n+0000fb90: 7365 7420 2747 5255 425f 4849 4444 454e set 'GRUB_HIDDEN\n+0000fba0: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 272c 2079 6f75 2073 _TIMEOUT', you s\n+0000fbb0: 686f 756c 6420 616c 736f 2073 6574 0a20 hould also set. \n+0000fbc0: 2020 2020 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 'GRUB_TIMEOU\n+0000fbd0: 543d 3027 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2074 6865 T=0' so that the\n+0000fbe0: 206d 656e 7520 6973 206e 6f74 2064 6973 menu is not dis\n+0000fbf0: 706c 6179 6564 2061 7420 616c 6c20 756e played at all un\n+0000fc00: 6c65 7373 0a20 2020 2020 3c45 5343 3e20 less. \n+0000fc10: 6f72 203c 4634 3e20 6172 6520 7072 6573 or are pres\n+0000fc20: 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 3e20 sed, or \n+0000fc30: 6973 2068 656c 6420 646f 776e 2e0a 0a20 is held down... \n+0000fc40: 2020 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 This option \n+0000fc50: 6973 2075 6e73 6574 2062 7920 6465 6661 is unset by defa\n+0000fc60: 756c 742c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6465 7072 ult, and is depr\n+0000fc70: 6563 6174 6564 2069 6e20 6661 766f 7572 ecated in favour\n+0000fc80: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c 6573 of the. les\n+0000fc90: 7320 636f 6e66 7573 696e 6720 2747 5255 s confusing 'GRU\n+0000fca0: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 453d B_TIMEOUT_STYLE=\n+0000fcb0: 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e27 206f 720a 2020 countdown' or. \n+0000fcc0: 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 'GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+0000fcd0: 5f53 5459 4c45 3d68 6964 6465 6e27 2e0a _STYLE=hidden'..\n+0000fce0: 0a27 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 .'GRUB_HIDDEN_TI\n+0000fcf0: 4d45 4f55 545f 5155 4945 5427 0a20 2020 MEOUT_QUIET'. \n+0000fd00: 2020 496e 2063 6f6e 6a75 6e63 7469 6f6e In conjunction\n+0000fd10: 2077 6974 6820 2747 5255 425f 4849 4444 with 'GRUB_HIDD\n+0000fd20: 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 272c 2073 6574 EN_TIMEOUT', set\n+0000fd30: 2074 6869 7320 746f 2027 7472 7565 2720 this to 'true' \n+0000fd40: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 7265 7373 to. suppress\n+0000fd50: 2074 6865 2076 6572 626f 7365 2063 6f75 the verbose cou\n+0000fd60: 6e74 646f 776e 2077 6869 6c65 2077 6169 ntdown while wai\n+0000fd70: 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 2061 206b 6579 2074 ting for a key t\n+0000fd80: 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6573 7365 o be. presse\n+0000fd90: 6420 6265 666f 7265 2064 6973 706c 6179 d before display\n+0000fda0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 ing the menu... \n+0000fdb0: 2020 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 This option \n+0000fdc0: 6973 2075 6e73 6574 2062 7920 6465 6661 is unset by defa\n+0000fdd0: 756c 742c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6465 7072 ult, and is depr\n+0000fde0: 6563 6174 6564 2069 6e20 6661 766f 7572 ecated in favour\n+0000fdf0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c 6573 of the. les\n+0000fe00: 7320 636f 6e66 7573 696e 6720 2747 5255 s confusing 'GRU\n+0000fe10: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 453d B_TIMEOUT_STYLE=\n+0000fe20: 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e27 2e0a 0a27 4752 countdown'...'GR\n+0000fe30: 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 UB_HIDDEN_TIMEOU\n+0000fe40: 545f 4255 5454 4f4e 270a 2020 2020 2056 T_BUTTON'. V\n+0000fe50: 6172 6961 6e74 206f 6620 2747 5255 425f ariant of 'GRUB_\n+0000fe60: 4849 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 272c HIDDEN_TIMEOUT',\n+0000fe70: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 used to support\n+0000fe80: 2076 656e 646f 722d 7370 6563 6966 6963 vendor-specific\n+0000fe90: 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7765 7220 6275 7474 . power butt\n+0000fea0: 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5665 6e64 ons. *Note Vend\n+0000feb0: 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 or power-on keys\n+0000fec0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 206f ::... This o\n+0000fed0: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 6e73 6574 2062 ption is unset b\n+0000fee0: 7920 6465 6661 756c 742c 2061 6e64 2069 y default, and i\n+0000fef0: 7320 6465 7072 6563 6174 6564 2069 6e20 s deprecated in \n+0000ff00: 6661 766f 7572 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 favour of the. \n+0000ff10: 2020 206c 6573 7320 636f 6e66 7573 696e less confusin\n+0000ff20: 6720 2747 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f g 'GRUB_TIMEOUT_\n+0000ff30: 5354 594c 453d 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e27 STYLE=countdown'\n+0000ff40: 206f 720a 2020 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f54 or. 'GRUB_T\n+0000ff50: 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 3d68 6964 IMEOUT_STYLE=hid\n+0000ff60: 6465 6e27 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6d6f den'... For mo\n+0000ff70: 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 6375 7374 re detailed cust\n+0000ff80: 6f6d 6973 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2027 6772 omisation of 'gr\n+0000ff90: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2773 206f ub-mkconfig''s o\n+0000ffa0: 7574 7075 742c 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a65 utput, you may.e\n+0000ffb0: 6469 7420 7468 6520 7363 7269 7074 7320 dit the scripts \n+0000ffc0: 696e 2027 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e 6427 in '/etc/grub.d'\n+0000ffd0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 792e 2020 272f 6574 directly. '/et\n+0000ffe0: 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 c/grub.d/40_cust\n+0000fff0: 6f6d 2720 6973 0a70 6172 7469 6375 6c61 om' is.particula\n+00010000: 726c 7920 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2061 rly useful for a\n+00010010: 6464 696e 6720 656e 7469 7265 2063 7573 dding entire cus\n+00010020: 746f 6d20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 tom menu entries\n+00010030: 3b20 7369 6d70 6c79 2074 7970 650a 7468 ; simply type.th\n+00010040: 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2079 e menu entries y\n+00010050: 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2061 6464 2061 ou want to add a\n+00010060: 7420 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6861 t the end of tha\n+00010070: 7420 6669 6c65 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 2073 t file, making s\n+00010080: 7572 6520 746f 0a6c 6561 7665 2061 7420 ure to.leave at \n+00010090: 6c65 6173 7420 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 least the first \n+000100a0: 7477 6f20 6c69 6e65 7320 696e 7461 6374 two lines intact\n+000100b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000100c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6f6f info, Node: Roo\n+000100d0: 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 t Identifcation \n+000100e0: 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 2c20 204e 6578 Heuristics, Nex\n+000100f0: 743a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 t: Shell-like sc\n+00010100: 7269 7074 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ripting, Prev: \n+00010110: 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple configura\n+00010120: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 tion, Up: Confi\n+00010130: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3220 526f guration..6.2 Ro\n+00010140: 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e ot Identifcation\n+00010150: 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 730a 3d3d 3d3d Heuristics.====\n 00010160: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00010170: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 6620 ===========..If \n-00010180: 7468 6520 7461 7267 6574 206f 7065 7261 the target opera\n-00010190: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7573 6573 ting system uses\n-000101a0: 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 the Linux kerne\n-000101b0: 6c2c 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 l, 'grub-mkconfi\n-000101c0: 6727 0a61 7474 656d 7074 7320 746f 2069 g'.attempts to i\n-000101d0: 6465 6e74 6966 7920 7468 6520 726f 6f74 dentify the root\n-000101e0: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2076 6961 file system via\n-000101f0: 2061 2068 6575 7269 7374 6963 2061 6c67 a heuristic alg\n-00010200: 6f69 7274 686d 2e0a 5468 6973 2061 6c67 oirthm..This alg\n-00010210: 6f72 6974 686d 2073 656c 6563 7473 2074 orithm selects t\n-00010220: 6865 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6963 6174 696f he identificatio\n-00010230: 6e20 6d65 7468 6f64 206f 6620 7468 6520 n method of the \n-00010240: 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d root file system\n-00010250: 0a62 7920 636f 6e73 6964 6572 696e 6720 .by considering \n-00010260: 7468 7265 6520 6661 6374 6f72 732e 2020 three factors. \n-00010270: 5468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6973 2069 6620 The first is if \n-00010280: 616e 2069 6e69 7472 6420 666f 7220 7468 an initrd for th\n-00010290: 6520 7461 7267 6574 0a6f 7065 7261 7469 e target.operati\n-000102a0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6973 2061 6c73 ng system is als\n-000102b0: 6f20 7072 6573 656e 742e 2020 5468 6520 o present. The \n-000102c0: 7365 636f 6e64 2069 730a 2747 5255 425f second is.'GRUB_\n-000102d0: 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 DISABLE_LINUX_UU\n-000102e0: 4944 2720 616e 6420 6966 2073 6574 2074 ID' and if set t\n-000102f0: 6f20 2774 7275 6527 2c20 7072 6576 656e o 'true', preven\n-00010300: 7473 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ts 'grub-mkconfi\n-00010310: 6727 0a66 726f 6d20 6964 656e 7469 6679 g'.from identify\n-00010320: 696e 6720 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c ing the root fil\n-00010330: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2062 7920 6974 7320 e system by its \n-00010340: 5555 4944 2e20 5468 6520 7468 6972 6420 UUID. The third \n-00010350: 6973 0a27 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 is.'GRUB_DISABLE\n-00010360: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 4427 _LINUX_PARTUUID'\n-00010370: 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7365 7420 746f 2027 and if set to '\n-00010380: 7472 7565 272c 2070 7265 7665 6e74 730a true', prevents.\n-00010390: 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2720 'grub-mkconfig' \n-000103a0: 6672 6f6d 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 from identifying\n-000103b0: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 the root file s\n-000103c0: 7973 7465 6d20 7669 6120 7468 6520 5555 ystem via the UU\n-000103d0: 4944 206f 660a 6974 7320 656e 636c 6f73 ID of.its enclos\n-000103e0: 696e 6720 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 ing partition. \n-000103f0: 4966 2074 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 If the variables\n-00010400: 2061 7265 2061 7373 6967 6e65 6420 616e are assigned an\n-00010410: 7920 6f74 6865 7220 7661 6c75 652c 0a74 y other value,.t\n-00010420: 6861 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2063 6f6e hat value is con\n-00010430: 7369 6465 7265 6420 6571 7569 7661 6c65 sidered equivale\n-00010440: 6e74 2074 6f20 2766 616c 7365 272e 2020 nt to 'false'. \n-00010450: 5468 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 The variables ar\n-00010460: 6520 616c 736f 0a63 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 e also.considere\n-00010470: 6420 746f 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2027 d to be set to '\n-00010480: 6661 6c73 6527 2069 6620 7468 6579 2061 false' if they a\n-00010490: 7265 206e 6f74 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 re not set... \n-000104a0: 5768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 7468 When booting, th\n-000104b0: 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2077 e Linux kernel w\n-000104c0: 696c 6c20 6465 6c65 6761 7465 2074 6865 ill delegate the\n-000104d0: 2074 6173 6b20 6f66 206d 6f75 6e74 696e task of mountin\n-000104e0: 6720 7468 650a 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6573 g the.root files\n-000104f0: 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2074 6865 2069 6e69 ystem to the ini\n-00010500: 7472 642e 2020 4d6f 7374 2069 6e69 7472 trd. Most initr\n-00010510: 6420 696d 6167 6573 2064 6574 6572 6d69 d images determi\n-00010520: 6e65 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 6669 6c65 ne the root.file\n-00010530: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6279 2063 6865 636b system by check\n-00010540: 696e 6720 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 ing the Linux ke\n-00010550: 726e 656c 2773 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c rnel's command-l\n-00010560: 696e 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 2772 6f6f ine for the 'roo\n-00010570: 7427 0a6b 6579 2061 6e64 2075 7365 2069 t'.key and use i\n-00010580: 7473 2076 616c 7565 2061 7320 7468 6520 ts value as the \n-00010590: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 206d identification m\n-000105a0: 6574 686f 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f ethod of the roo\n-000105b0: 7420 6669 6c65 0a73 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 t file.system. \n-000105c0: 546f 2069 6d70 726f 7665 2074 6865 2072 To improve the r\n-000105d0: 656c 6961 6269 6c69 7479 206f 6620 626f eliability of bo\n-000105e0: 6f74 696e 672c 206d 6f73 7420 696e 6974 oting, most init\n-000105f0: 7264 2069 6d61 6765 7320 616c 736f 0a61 rd images also.a\n-00010600: 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 llow the root fi\n-00010610: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2062 6520 le system to be \n-00010620: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2062 7920 6974 identified by it\n-00010630: 7320 5555 4944 2e20 4265 6361 7573 6520 s UUID. Because \n-00010640: 6f66 2074 6869 730a 6265 6861 7669 6f72 of this.behavior\n-00010650: 2c20 7468 6520 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f , the 'grub-mkco\n-00010660: 6e66 6967 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 nfig' command wi\n-00010670: 6c6c 2073 6574 2027 726f 6f74 2720 746f ll set 'root' to\n-00010680: 2027 726f 6f74 3d55 5549 443d 2e2e 2e27 'root=UUID=...'\n-00010690: 0a74 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 7468 6520 .to provide the \n-000106a0: 696e 6974 7264 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 initrd with the \n-000106b0: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 5549 4420 filesystem UUID \n-000106c0: 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 of the root file\n-000106d0: 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 system... If \n-000106e0: 6e6f 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6973 2064 6574 no initrd is det\n-000106f0: 6563 7465 6420 6f72 2027 4752 5542 5f44 ected or 'GRUB_D\n-00010700: 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 5549 ISABLE_LINUX_UUI\n-00010710: 4427 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a27 7472 D' is set to.'tr\n-00010720: 7565 2720 7468 656e 2027 6772 7562 2d63 ue' then 'grub-c\n-00010730: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2720 7769 6c6c 2069 6465 ommand' will ide\n-00010740: 6e74 6966 7920 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 ntify the root f\n-00010750: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6279 2073 6574 ilesystem by set\n-00010760: 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 ting.the kernel \n-00010770: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2076 6172 command-line var\n-00010780: 6961 626c 6520 2772 6f6f 7427 2074 6f20 iable 'root' to \n-00010790: 2772 6f6f 743d 5041 5254 5555 4944 3d2e 'root=PARTUUID=.\n-000107a0: 2e2e 2720 756e 6c65 7373 0a27 4752 5542 ..' unless.'GRUB\n-000107b0: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 _DISABLE_LINUX_P\n-000107c0: 4152 5455 5549 4427 2069 7320 616c 736f ARTUUID' is also\n-000107d0: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2774 7275 6527 2e20 set to 'true'. \n-000107e0: 2049 660a 2747 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c If.'GRUB_DISABL\n-000107f0: 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 E_LINUX_PARTUUID\n-00010800: 2720 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 7420 746f ' is also set to\n-00010810: 2027 7472 7565 272c 2027 6772 7562 2d63 'true', 'grub-c\n-00010820: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2720 7769 6c6c 0a69 6465 ommand' will.ide\n-00010830: 6e74 6966 7920 6279 2069 7473 204c 696e ntify by its Lin\n-00010840: 7578 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a ux device name..\n-00010850: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e . The followin\n-00010860: 6720 7461 626c 6520 7375 6d6d 6172 697a g table summariz\n-00010870: 6573 2074 6865 2062 6568 6176 696f 7220 es the behavior \n-00010880: 6f66 2074 6865 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 of the 'grub-mkc\n-00010890: 6f6e 6669 6727 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a onfig'.command..\n-000108a0: 0a49 6e69 7472 6420 2020 2020 4752 5542 .Initrd GRUB\n-000108b0: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 _DISABLE_LINUX_P\n-000108c0: 4152 5455 5549 4420 2020 4752 5542 5f44 ARTUUID GRUB_D\n-000108d0: 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 5549 ISABLE_LINUX_UUI\n-000108e0: 4420 2020 4c69 6e75 7820 526f 6f74 0a64 D Linux Root.d\n-000108f0: 6574 6563 7465 6420 2020 5365 7420 546f etected Set To\n-00010900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00010910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 546f 2020 Set To \n+00010170: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 =============..I\n+00010180: 6620 7468 6520 7461 7267 6574 206f 7065 f the target ope\n+00010190: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7573 rating system us\n+000101a0: 6573 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 es the Linux ker\n+000101b0: 6e65 6c2c 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e nel, 'grub-mkcon\n+000101c0: 6669 6727 0a61 7474 656d 7074 7320 746f fig'.attempts to\n+000101d0: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7920 7468 6520 726f identify the ro\n+000101e0: 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2076 ot file system v\n+000101f0: 6961 2061 2068 6575 7269 7374 6963 2061 ia a heuristic a\n+00010200: 6c67 6f69 7274 686d 2e0a 5468 6973 2061 lgoirthm..This a\n+00010210: 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 2073 656c 6563 7473 lgorithm selects\n+00010220: 2074 6865 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6963 6174 the identificat\n+00010230: 696f 6e20 6d65 7468 6f64 206f 6620 7468 ion method of th\n+00010240: 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 e root file syst\n+00010250: 656d 0a62 7920 636f 6e73 6964 6572 696e em.by considerin\n+00010260: 6720 7468 7265 6520 6661 6374 6f72 732e g three factors.\n+00010270: 2020 5468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6973 2069 The first is i\n+00010280: 6620 616e 2069 6e69 7472 6420 666f 7220 f an initrd for \n+00010290: 7468 6520 7461 7267 6574 0a6f 7065 7261 the target.opera\n+000102a0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6973 2061 ting system is a\n+000102b0: 6c73 6f20 7072 6573 656e 742e 2020 5468 lso present. Th\n+000102c0: 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2069 730a 2747 5255 e second is.'GRU\n+000102d0: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f B_DISABLE_LINUX_\n+000102e0: 5555 4944 2720 616e 6420 6966 2073 6574 UUID' and if set\n+000102f0: 2074 6f20 2774 7275 6527 2c20 7072 6576 to 'true', prev\n+00010300: 656e 7473 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e ents 'grub-mkcon\n+00010310: 6669 6727 0a66 726f 6d20 6964 656e 7469 fig'.from identi\n+00010320: 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 fying the root f\n+00010330: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2062 7920 6974 ile system by it\n+00010340: 7320 5555 4944 2e20 5468 6520 7468 6972 s UUID. The thir\n+00010350: 6420 6973 0a27 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 d is.'GRUB_DISAB\n+00010360: 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 LE_LINUX_PARTUUI\n+00010370: 4427 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7365 7420 746f D' and if set to\n+00010380: 2027 7472 7565 272c 2070 7265 7665 6e74 'true', prevent\n+00010390: 730a 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 s.'grub-mkconfig\n+000103a0: 2720 6672 6f6d 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 ' from identifyi\n+000103b0: 6e67 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 ng the root file\n+000103c0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7669 6120 7468 6520 system via the \n+000103d0: 5555 4944 206f 660a 6974 7320 656e 636c UUID of.its encl\n+000103e0: 6f73 696e 6720 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e osing partition.\n+000103f0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c If the variabl\n+00010400: 6573 2061 7265 2061 7373 6967 6e65 6420 es are assigned \n+00010410: 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 7661 6c75 652c any other value,\n+00010420: 0a74 6861 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2063 .that value is c\n+00010430: 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 6571 7569 7661 onsidered equiva\n+00010440: 6c65 6e74 2074 6f20 2766 616c 7365 272e lent to 'false'.\n+00010450: 2020 5468 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 The variables \n+00010460: 6172 6520 616c 736f 0a63 6f6e 7369 6465 are also.conside\n+00010470: 7265 6420 746f 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f red to be set to\n+00010480: 2027 6661 6c73 6527 2069 6620 7468 6579 'false' if they\n+00010490: 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 are not set... \n+000104a0: 2020 5768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 When booting, \n+000104b0: 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c the Linux kernel\n+000104c0: 2077 696c 6c20 6465 6c65 6761 7465 2074 will delegate t\n+000104d0: 6865 2074 6173 6b20 6f66 206d 6f75 6e74 he task of mount\n+000104e0: 696e 6720 7468 650a 726f 6f74 2066 696c ing the.root fil\n+000104f0: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2074 6865 2069 esystem to the i\n+00010500: 6e69 7472 642e 2020 4d6f 7374 2069 6e69 nitrd. Most ini\n+00010510: 7472 6420 696d 6167 6573 2064 6574 6572 trd images deter\n+00010520: 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 6669 mine the root.fi\n+00010530: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6279 2063 6865 le system by che\n+00010540: 636b 696e 6720 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 cking the Linux \n+00010550: 6b65 726e 656c 2773 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 kernel's command\n+00010560: 2d6c 696e 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 2772 -line for the 'r\n+00010570: 6f6f 7427 0a6b 6579 2061 6e64 2075 7365 oot'.key and use\n+00010580: 2069 7473 2076 616c 7565 2061 7320 7468 its value as th\n+00010590: 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e e identification\n+000105a0: 206d 6574 686f 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2072 method of the r\n+000105b0: 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 0a73 7973 7465 6d2e oot file.system.\n+000105c0: 2020 546f 2069 6d70 726f 7665 2074 6865 To improve the\n+000105d0: 2072 656c 6961 6269 6c69 7479 206f 6620 reliability of \n+000105e0: 626f 6f74 696e 672c 206d 6f73 7420 696e booting, most in\n+000105f0: 6974 7264 2069 6d61 6765 7320 616c 736f itrd images also\n+00010600: 0a61 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 .allow the root \n+00010610: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2062 file system to b\n+00010620: 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2062 7920 e identified by \n+00010630: 6974 7320 5555 4944 2e20 4265 6361 7573 its UUID. Becaus\n+00010640: 6520 6f66 2074 6869 730a 6265 6861 7669 e of this.behavi\n+00010650: 6f72 2c20 7468 6520 2767 7275 622d 6d6b or, the 'grub-mk\n+00010660: 636f 6e66 6967 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 config' command \n+00010670: 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 2027 726f 6f74 2720 will set 'root' \n+00010680: 746f 2027 726f 6f74 3d55 5549 443d 2e2e to 'root=UUID=..\n+00010690: 2e27 0a74 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 7468 .'.to provide th\n+000106a0: 6520 696e 6974 7264 2077 6974 6820 7468 e initrd with th\n+000106b0: 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 5549 e filesystem UUI\n+000106c0: 4420 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 D of the root fi\n+000106d0: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2049 le system... I\n+000106e0: 6620 6e6f 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6973 2064 f no initrd is d\n+000106f0: 6574 6563 7465 6420 6f72 2027 4752 5542 etected or 'GRUB\n+00010700: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 _DISABLE_LINUX_U\n+00010710: 5549 4427 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a27 UID' is set to.'\n+00010720: 7472 7565 2720 7468 656e 2027 6772 7562 true' then 'grub\n+00010730: 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2720 7769 6c6c 2069 -command' will i\n+00010740: 6465 6e74 6966 7920 7468 6520 726f 6f74 dentify the root\n+00010750: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6279 2073 filesystem by s\n+00010760: 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 206b 6572 6e65 etting.the kerne\n+00010770: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2076 l command-line v\n+00010780: 6172 6961 626c 6520 2772 6f6f 7427 2074 ariable 'root' t\n+00010790: 6f20 2772 6f6f 743d 5041 5254 5555 4944 o 'root=PARTUUID\n+000107a0: 3d2e 2e2e 2720 756e 6c65 7373 0a27 4752 =...' unless.'GR\n+000107b0: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_DISABLE_LINUX\n+000107c0: 5f50 4152 5455 5549 4427 2069 7320 616c _PARTUUID' is al\n+000107d0: 736f 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2774 7275 6527 so set to 'true'\n+000107e0: 2e20 2049 660a 2747 5255 425f 4449 5341 . If.'GRUB_DISA\n+000107f0: 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 BLE_LINUX_PARTUU\n+00010800: 4944 2720 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 7420 ID' is also set \n+00010810: 746f 2027 7472 7565 272c 2027 6772 7562 to 'true', 'grub\n+00010820: 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2720 7769 6c6c 0a69 -command' will.i\n+00010830: 6465 6e74 6966 7920 6279 2069 7473 204c dentify by its L\n+00010840: 696e 7578 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 inux device name\n+00010850: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ... The follow\n+00010860: 696e 6720 7461 626c 6520 7375 6d6d 6172 ing table summar\n+00010870: 697a 6573 2074 6865 2062 6568 6176 696f izes the behavio\n+00010880: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2027 6772 7562 2d6d r of the 'grub-m\n+00010890: 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 kconfig'.command\n+000108a0: 2e0a 0a49 6e69 7472 6420 2020 2020 4752 ...Initrd GR\n+000108b0: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_DISABLE_LINUX\n+000108c0: 5f50 4152 5455 5549 4420 2020 4752 5542 _PARTUUID GRUB\n+000108d0: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 _DISABLE_LINUX_U\n+000108e0: 5549 4420 2020 4c69 6e75 7820 526f 6f74 UID Linux Root\n+000108f0: 0a64 6574 6563 7465 6420 2020 5365 7420 .detected Set \n+00010900: 546f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 To \n+00010910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 546f Set To\n 00010920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00010930: 2020 4944 204d 6574 686f 640a 2d2d 2d2d ID Method.----\n+00010930: 2020 2020 4944 204d 6574 686f 640a 2d2d ID Method.--\n 00010940: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00010950: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00010960: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00010970: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00010980: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a66 616c ------------.fal\n-00010990: 7365 2020 2020 2020 6661 6c73 6520 2020 se false \n+00010980: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a66 --------------.f\n+00010990: 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 6661 6c73 6520 alse false \n 000109a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000109b0: 2020 2020 2020 6661 6c73 6520 2020 2020 false \n+000109b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6661 6c73 6520 2020 false \n 000109c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000109d0: 7061 7274 2055 5549 440a 6661 6c73 6520 part UUID.false \n-000109e0: 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 false \n+000109d0: 2020 7061 7274 2055 5549 440a 6661 6c73 part UUID.fals\n+000109e0: 6520 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 e false \n 000109f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00010a00: 2020 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 true \n-00010a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 par\n-00010a20: 7420 5555 4944 0a66 616c 7365 2020 2020 t UUID.false \n-00010a30: 2020 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true \n+00010a00: 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 true \n+00010a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n+00010a20: 6172 7420 5555 4944 0a66 616c 7365 2020 art UUID.false \n+00010a30: 2020 2020 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2020 true \n 00010a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00010a50: 6661 6c73 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 false \n-00010a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 7620 6e61 dev na\n-00010a70: 6d65 0a66 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 7472 me.false tr\n-00010a80: 7565 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ue \n-00010a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 7565 true\n-00010aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00010ab0: 2020 2020 2020 6465 7620 6e61 6d65 0a74 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2020 \n-00010be0: 2020 2020 2064 6576 206e 616d 650a 0a20 dev name.. \n-00010bf0: 2020 5265 6d65 6d62 6572 2c20 2747 5255 Remember, 'GRU\n-00010c00: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f B_DISABLE_LINUX_\n-00010c10: 5041 5254 5555 4944 2720 616e 6420 2747 PARTUUID' and 'G\n-00010c20: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_DISABLE_LINU\n-00010c30: 585f 5555 4944 270a 6172 6520 616c 736f X_UUID'.are also\n-00010c40: 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 746f 2062 considered to b\n-00010c50: 6520 7365 7420 746f 2027 6661 6c73 6527 e set to 'false'\n-00010c60: 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6579 2061 7265 2075 when they are u\n-00010c70: 6e73 6574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 nset.....File: g\n-00010c80: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00010c90: 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 Shell-like scri\n-00010ca0: 7074 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4d75 pting, Next: Mu\n-00010cb0: 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 lti-boot manual \n-00010cc0: 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2052 config, Prev: R\n-00010cd0: 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f oot Identifcatio\n-00010ce0: 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 2c20 2055 n Heuristics, U\n-00010cf0: 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e p: Configuration\n-00010d00: 0a0a 362e 3320 5772 6974 696e 6720 6675 ..6.3 Writing fu\n-00010d10: 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ll configuration\n-00010d20: 2066 696c 6573 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a files directly.\n-00010d30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00010b80: 2020 6661 6c73 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 false \n+00010b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6673 2055 fs U\n+00010ba0: 5549 440a 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2074 UID.true t\n+00010bb0: 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rue \n+00010bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 7275 tru\n+00010bd0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n+00010be0: 2020 2020 2020 2064 6576 206e 616d 650a dev name.\n+00010bf0: 0a20 2020 5265 6d65 6d62 6572 2c20 2747 . Remember, 'G\n+00010c00: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_DISABLE_LINU\n+00010c10: 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 2720 616e 6420 X_PARTUUID' and \n+00010c20: 2747 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 'GRUB_DISABLE_LI\n+00010c30: 4e55 585f 5555 4944 270a 6172 6520 616c NUX_UUID'.are al\n+00010c40: 736f 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 746f so considered to\n+00010c50: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2027 6661 6c73 be set to 'fals\n+00010c60: 6527 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6579 2061 7265 e' when they are\n+00010c70: 2075 6e73 6574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a unset.....File:\n+00010c80: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00010c90: 653a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 e: Shell-like sc\n+00010ca0: 7269 7074 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ripting, Next: \n+00010cb0: 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 Multi-boot manua\n+00010cc0: 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2050 7265 763a l config, Prev:\n+00010cd0: 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 Root Identifcat\n+00010ce0: 696f 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 2c20 ion Heuristics, \n+00010cf0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 Up: Configurati\n+00010d00: 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3320 5772 6974 696e 6720 on..6.3 Writing \n+00010d10: 6675 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 full configurati\n+00010d20: 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2064 6972 6563 746c on files directl\n+00010d30: 790a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d y.==============\n 00010d40: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00010d50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a27 =============..'\n-00010d60: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 6973 2077 7269 grub.cfg' is wri\n-00010d70: 7474 656e 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2773 2062 tten in GRUB's b\n-00010d80: 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 7363 7269 7074 696e uilt-in scriptin\n-00010d90: 6720 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2c20 7768 6963 g language, whic\n-00010da0: 6820 6861 7320 610a 7379 6e74 6178 2071 h has a.syntax q\n-00010db0: 7569 7465 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 uite similar to \n-00010dc0: 7468 6174 206f 6620 474e 5520 4261 7368 that of GNU Bash\n-00010dd0: 2061 6e64 206f 7468 6572 2042 6f75 726e and other Bourn\n-00010de0: 6520 7368 656c 6c0a 6465 7269 7661 7469 e shell.derivati\n-00010df0: 7665 732e 0a0a 576f 7264 730a 3d3d 3d3d ves...Words.====\n-00010e00: 3d0a 0a41 2022 776f 7264 2220 6973 2061 =..A \"word\" is a\n-00010e10: 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2063 6861 sequence of cha\n-00010e20: 7261 6374 6572 7320 636f 6e73 6964 6572 racters consider\n-00010e30: 6564 2061 7320 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2075 ed as a single u\n-00010e40: 6e69 7420 6279 0a47 5255 422e 2057 6f72 nit by.GRUB. Wor\n-00010e50: 6473 2061 7265 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 ds are separated\n-00010e60: 2062 7920 226d 6574 6163 6861 7261 6374 by \"metacharact\n-00010e70: 6572 7322 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 ers\", which are \n-00010e80: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 706c the following.pl\n-00010e90: 7573 2073 7061 6365 2c20 7461 622c 2061 us space, tab, a\n-00010ea0: 6e64 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 3a0a 0a20 2020 nd newline:.. \n-00010eb0: 2020 7b20 7d20 7c20 2620 2420 3b20 3c20 { } | & $ ; < \n-00010ec0: 3e0a 0a20 2020 5175 6f74 696e 6720 6d61 >.. 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The foll\n-00010f60: 6f77 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 650a owing words are.\n-00010f70: 7265 636f 676e 6973 6564 2061 7320 7265 recognised as re\n-00010f80: 7365 7276 6564 2077 6865 6e20 756e 7175 served when unqu\n-00010f90: 6f74 6564 2061 6e64 2065 6974 6865 7220 oted and either \n-00010fa0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 206f the first word o\n-00010fb0: 6620 610a 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 f a.simple comma\n-00010fc0: 6e64 206f 7220 7468 6520 7468 6972 6420 nd or the third \n-00010fd0: 776f 7264 206f 6620 6120 2766 6f72 2720 word of a 'for' \n-00010fe0: 636f 6d6d 616e 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 2021 command:.. !\n-00010ff0: 205b 5b20 5d5d 207b 207d 0a20 2020 2020 [[ ]] { }. \n-00011000: 6361 7365 2064 6f20 646f 6e65 2065 6c69 case do done eli\n-00011010: 6620 656c 7365 2065 7361 6320 6669 2066 f else esac fi f\n-00011020: 6f72 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 or function. \n-00011030: 2069 6620 696e 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 if in menuentry\n-00011040: 2073 656c 6563 7420 7468 656e 2074 696d select then tim\n-00011050: 6520 756e 7469 6c20 7768 696c 650a 0a20 e until while.. \n-00011060: 2020 4e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 Not all of the\n-00011070: 7365 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 se reserved word\n-00011080: 7320 6861 7665 2061 2075 7365 6675 6c20 s have a useful \n-00011090: 7075 7270 6f73 6520 7965 743b 2073 6f6d purpose yet; som\n-000110a0: 6520 6172 650a 7265 7365 7276 6564 2066 e are.reserved f\n-000110b0: 6f72 2066 7574 7572 6520 6578 7061 6e73 or future expans\n-000110c0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5175 6f74 696e 670a 3d3d ion...Quoting.==\n-000110d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a51 756f 7469 6e67 2069 =====..Quoting i\n-000110e0: 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6d6f 7665 s used to remove\n-000110f0: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 the special mea\n-00011100: 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 6365 7274 6169 6e20 ning of certain \n-00011110: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 206f 720a 776f characters or.wo\n-00011120: 7264 732e 2020 4974 2063 616e 2062 6520 rds. 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A d\n-00011580: 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6520 6d61 7920 ouble quote may \n-00011590: 6265 2071 756f 7465 6420 7769 7468 696e be quoted within\n-000115a0: 2064 6f75 626c 650a 7175 6f74 6573 2062 double.quotes b\n-000115b0: 7920 7072 6563 6564 696e 6720 6974 2077 y preceding it w\n-000115c0: 6974 6820 6120 6261 636b 736c 6173 682e ith a backslash.\n-000115d0: 0a0a 5661 7269 6162 6c65 2065 7870 616e ..Variable expan\n-000115e0: 7369 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d sion.===========\n-000115f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2027 2427 =======..The '$'\n-00011600: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2069 6e74 726f character intro\n-00011610: 6475 6365 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2065 duces variable e\n-00011620: 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 xpansion. 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Normal v\n-00011710: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6265 ariable names be\n-00011720: 6769 6e20 7769 7468 2061 6e20 616c 7068 gin with an alph\n-00011730: 6162 6574 6963 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 abetic character\n-00011740: 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 790a 7a65 , followed by.ze\n-00011750: 726f 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2061 6c70 6861 ro or more alpha\n-00011760: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6368 6172 6163 7465 numeric characte\n-00011770: 7273 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206e 616d 6573 rs. These names\n-00011780: 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 656e 7472 6965 refer to entrie\n-00011790: 7320 696e 0a74 6865 2047 5255 4220 656e s in.the GRUB en\n-000117a0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 vironment (*note\n-000117b0: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 3a3a 292e Environment::).\n-000117c0: 0a0a 2020 2050 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 .. Positional \n-000117d0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2063 variable names c\n-000117e0: 6f6e 7369 7374 206f 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 onsist of one or\n-000117f0: 206d 6f72 6520 6469 6769 7473 2e20 2054 more digits. T\n-00011800: 6865 790a 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 7061 hey.represent pa\n-00011810: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2070 6173 7365 6420 rameters passed \n-00011820: 746f 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6361 6c6c to function call\n-00011830: 732c 2077 6974 6820 2724 3127 2072 6570 s, with '$1' rep\n-00011840: 7265 7365 6e74 696e 670a 7468 6520 6669 resenting.the fi\n-00011850: 7273 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 722c 2061 rst parameter, a\n-00011860: 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 nd so on... Th\n-00011870: 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 e special variab\n-00011880: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 273f 2720 6578 7061 le name '?' expa\n-00011890: 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 nds to the exit \n-000118a0: 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f status of the mo\n-000118b0: 7374 0a72 6563 656e 746c 7920 6578 6563 st.recently exec\n-000118c0: 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2057 uted command. W\n-000118d0: 6865 6e20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2076 hen positional v\n-000118e0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 ariable names ar\n-000118f0: 6520 6163 7469 7665 2c0a 6f74 6865 7220 e active,.other \n-00011900: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 special variable\n-00011910: 206e 616d 6573 2027 4027 2c20 272a 2720 names '@', '*' \n-00011920: 616e 6420 2723 2720 6172 6520 6465 6669 and '#' are defi\n-00011930: 6e65 6420 616e 6420 7468 6579 0a65 7870 ned and they.exp\n-00011940: 616e 6420 746f 2061 6c6c 2070 6f73 6974 and to all posit\n-00011950: 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 ional parameters\n-00011960: 2077 6974 6820 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 with necessary \n-00011970: 7175 6f74 696e 672c 2070 6f73 6974 696f quoting, positio\n-00011980: 6e61 6c0a 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 nal.parameters w\n-00011990: 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 2071 756f 7469 ithout any quoti\n-000119a0: 6e67 2c20 616e 6420 706f 7369 7469 6f6e ng, and position\n-000119b0: 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2063 6f75 al parameter cou\n-000119c0: 6e74 0a72 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e nt.respectively.\n-000119d0: 0a0a 436f 6d6d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ..Comments.=====\n-000119e0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2077 6f72 6420 6265 6769 ===..A word begi\n-000119f0: 6e6e 696e 6720 7769 7468 2027 2327 2063 nning with '#' c\n-00011a00: 6175 7365 7320 7468 6174 2077 6f72 6420 auses that word \n-00011a10: 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7265 6d61 696e 696e and all remainin\n-00011a20: 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 0a6f 6e20 g characters.on \n-00011a30: 7468 6174 206c 696e 6520 746f 2062 6520 that line to be \n-00011a40: 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 5369 6d70 6c65 ignored...Simple\n-00011a50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d commands.======\n-00011a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2022 7369 =========..A \"si\n-00011a70: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2220 6973 mple command\" is\n-00011a80: 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2077 a sequence of w\n-00011a90: 6f72 6473 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 ords separated b\n-00011aa0: 7920 7370 6163 6573 206f 7220 7461 6273 y spaces or tabs\n-00011ab0: 0a61 6e64 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7465 6420 .and terminated \n-00011ac0: 6279 2061 2073 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e 206f by a semicolon o\n-00011ad0: 7220 6120 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 5468 r a newline. Th\n-00011ae0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 2073 7065 e first word spe\n-00011af0: 6369 6669 6573 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 cifies.the comma\n-00011b00: 6e64 2074 6f20 6265 2065 7865 6375 7465 nd to be execute\n-00011b10: 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e d. The remainin\n-00011b20: 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 6520 7061 7373 g words are pass\n-00011b30: 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a ed as arguments.\n-00011b40: 746f 2074 6865 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2063 to the invoked c\n-00011b50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 ommand... The \n-00011b60: 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 return value of \n-00011b70: 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 a simple command\n-00011b80: 2069 7320 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 is its exit sta\n-00011b90: 7475 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a72 6573 tus. If the.res\n-00011ba0: 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 2027 2127 2070 erved word '!' p\n-00011bb0: 7265 6365 6465 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d6d recedes the comm\n-00011bc0: 616e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7265 and, then the re\n-00011bd0: 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 696e turn value is in\n-00011be0: 7374 6561 640a 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 stead.the logica\n-00011bf0: 6c20 6e65 6761 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 l negation of th\n-00011c00: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 e command's exit\n-00011c10: 2073 7461 7475 732e 0a0a 436f 6d70 6f75 status...Compou\n-00011c20: 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d nd commands.====\n-00011c30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 =============..A\n-00011c40: 2022 636f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 \"compound comma\n-00011c50: 6e64 2220 6973 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 nd\" is one of th\n-00011c60: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 666f e following:..fo\n-00011c70: 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 6e20 574f 5244 202e r NAME in WORD .\n-00011c80: 2e2e 3b20 646f 204c 4953 543b 2064 6f6e ..; do LIST; don\n-00011c90: 650a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 e. The list \n-00011ca0: 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 of words followi\n-00011cb0: 6e67 2027 696e 2720 6973 2065 7870 616e ng 'in' is expan\n-00011cc0: 6465 642c 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 ded, generating \n-00011cd0: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 2069 a list of. i\n-00011ce0: 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 tems. The varia\n-00011cf0: 626c 6520 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7365 7420 ble NAME is set \n-00011d00: 746f 2065 6163 6820 656c 656d 656e 7420 to each element \n-00011d10: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6c69 7374 2069 6e0a of this list in.\n-00011d20: 2020 2020 2074 7572 6e2c 2061 6e64 204c turn, and L\n-00011d30: 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 IST is executed \n-00011d40: 6561 6368 2074 696d 652e 2020 5468 6520 each time. The \n-00011d50: 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 return value is \n-00011d60: 7468 6520 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 the exit. st\n-00011d70: 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 atus of the last\n-00011d80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6861 7420 6578 command that ex\n-00011d90: 6563 7574 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 ecutes. If the \n-00011da0: 6578 7061 6e73 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 expansion of the\n-00011db0: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 7320 666f 6c6c . items foll\n-00011dc0: 6f77 696e 6720 2769 6e27 2072 6573 756c owing 'in' resul\n-00011dd0: 7473 2069 6e20 616e 2065 6d70 7479 206c ts in an empty l\n-00011de0: 6973 742c 206e 6f20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ist, no commands\n-00011df0: 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6563 7574 are. execut\n-00011e00: 6564 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 7475 ed, and the retu\n-00011e10: 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2030 2e0a rn status is 0..\n-00011e20: 0a69 6620 4c49 5354 3b20 7468 656e 204c .if LIST; then L\n-00011e30: 4953 543b 205b 656c 6966 204c 4953 543b IST; [elif LIST;\n-00011e40: 2074 6865 6e20 4c49 5354 3b5d 202e 2e2e then LIST;] ...\n-00011e50: 205b 656c 7365 204c 4953 543b 5d20 6669 [else LIST;] fi\n-00011e60: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 2769 6627 204c . The 'if' L\n-00011e70: 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e IST is executed.\n-00011e80: 2020 4966 2069 7473 2065 7869 7420 7374 If its exit st\n-00011e90: 6174 7573 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 atus is zero, th\n-00011ea0: 6520 2774 6865 6e27 0a20 2020 2020 4c49 e 'then'. LI\n-00011eb0: 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e20 ST is executed. \n-00011ec0: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 6561 6368 Otherwise, each\n-00011ed0: 2027 656c 6966 2720 4c49 5354 2069 7320 'elif' LIST is \n-00011ee0: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7475 726e executed in turn\n-00011ef0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2069 6620 6974 ,. and if it\n-00011f00: 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 s exit status is\n-00011f10: 207a 6572 6f2c 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 zero, the corre\n-00011f20: 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2027 7468 656e 2720 sponding 'then' \n-00011f30: 4c49 5354 2069 730a 2020 2020 2065 7865 LIST is. exe\n-00011f40: 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 636f cuted and the co\n-00011f50: 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 732e mmand completes.\n-00011f60: 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 Otherwise, the\n-00011f70: 2027 656c 7365 2720 4c49 5354 2069 730a 'else' LIST is.\n-00011f80: 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2069 executed, i\n-00011f90: 6620 7072 6573 656e 742e 2020 5468 6520 f present. The \n-00011fa0: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2074 exit status is t\n-00011fb0: 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f he exit status o\n-00011fc0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c 6173 7420 f the. last \n-00011fd0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 command executed\n-00011fe0: 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 6966 206e 6f20 , or zero if no \n-00011ff0: 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e20 7465 7374 6564 condition tested\n-00012000: 2074 7275 652e 0a0a 7768 696c 6520 434f true...while CO\n-00012010: 4e44 3b20 646f 204c 4953 543b 2064 6f6e ND; do LIST; don\n-00012020: 650a 756e 7469 6c20 434f 4e44 3b20 646f e.until COND; do\n-00012030: 204c 4953 543b 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 LIST; done. \n-00012040: 2054 6865 2027 7768 696c 6527 2063 6f6d The 'while' com\n-00012050: 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 6f75 736c mand continuousl\n-00012060: 7920 6578 6563 7574 6573 2074 6865 2027 y executes the '\n-00012070: 646f 2720 4c49 5354 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 do' LIST as long\n-00012080: 2061 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 6173 as. the las\n-00012090: 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 696e 2043 4f4e t command in CON\n-000120a0: 4420 7265 7475 726e 7320 616e 2065 7869 D returns an exi\n-000120b0: 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7a65 726f t status of zero\n-000120c0: 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2775 6e74 . The. 'unt\n-000120d0: 696c 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2069 il' command is i\n-000120e0: 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2074 6f20 7468 6520 dentical to the \n-000120f0: 2777 6869 6c65 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 'while' command,\n-00012100: 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 6174 0a20 2020 except that. \n-00012110: 2020 7468 6520 7465 7374 2069 7320 6e65 the test is ne\n-00012120: 6761 7465 643b 2074 6865 2027 646f 2720 gated; the 'do' \n-00012130: 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 LIST is executed\n-00012140: 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 as long as the \n-00012150: 6c61 7374 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e last. comman\n-00012160: 6420 696e 2043 4f4e 4420 7265 7475 726e d in COND return\n-00012170: 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2065 7869 s a non-zero exi\n-00012180: 7420 7374 6174 7573 2e20 2054 6865 2065 t status. The e\n-00012190: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 660a 2020 xit status of. \n-000121a0: 2020 2074 6865 2027 7768 696c 6527 2061 the 'while' a\n-000121b0: 6e64 2027 756e 7469 6c27 2063 6f6d 6d61 nd 'until' comma\n-000121c0: 6e64 7320 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 nds is the exit \n-000121d0: 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 status of the la\n-000121e0: 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2764 6f27 204c 4953 st. 'do' LIS\n-000121f0: 5420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 T command execut\n-00012200: 6564 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 6966 206e ed, or zero if n\n-00012210: 6f6e 6520 7761 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 one was executed\n-00012220: 2e0a 0a66 756e 6374 696f 6e20 4e41 4d45 ...function NAME\n-00012230: 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 { COMMAND; ... \n-00012240: 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 }. This defi\n-00012250: 6e65 7320 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206e nes a function n\n-00012260: 616d 6564 204e 414d 452e 2020 5468 6520 amed NAME. The \n-00012270: 2262 6f64 7922 206f 6620 7468 6520 6675 \"body\" of the fu\n-00012280: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2074 nction is. t\n-00012290: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 he list of comma\n-000122a0: 6e64 7320 7769 7468 696e 2062 7261 6365 nds within brace\n-000122b0: 732c 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2077 6869 6368 s, each of which\n-000122c0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7465 must be. te\n-000122d0: 726d 696e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 rminated with a \n-000122e0: 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e20 6f72 2061 206e semicolon or a n\n-000122f0: 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6c69 ewline. This li\n-00012300: 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 st of commands. \n-00012310: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6578 6563 will be exec\n-00012320: 7574 6564 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 4e41 uted whenever NA\n-00012330: 4d45 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 ME is specified \n-00012340: 6173 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2061 as the name of a\n-00012350: 2073 696d 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d simple. com\n-00012360: 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e20 mand. Function \n-00012370: 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 206e definitions do n\n-00012380: 6f74 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 6578 ot affect the ex\n-00012390: 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 696e 0a20 2020 it status in. \n-000123a0: 2020 2724 3f27 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 6578 '$?'. When ex\n-000123b0: 6563 7574 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6578 6974 ecuted, the exit\n-000123c0: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2061 2066 756e status of a fun\n-000123d0: 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 ction is the exi\n-000123e0: 740a 2020 2020 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 t. status of\n-000123f0: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e the last comman\n-00012400: 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7468 d executed in th\n-00012410: 6520 626f 6479 2e0a 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 e body...menuent\n-00012420: 7279 2054 4954 4c45 205b 272d 2d63 6c61 ry TITLE ['--cla\n-00012430: 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 2720 2e2e 2e5d 205b ss=class' ...] [\n-00012440: 272d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 275d '--users=users']\n-00012450: 205b 272d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 ['--unrestricte\n-00012460: 6427 5d20 5b27 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b d'] ['--hotkey=k\n-00012470: 6579 275d 205b 272d 2d69 643d 6964 275d ey'] ['--id=id']\n-00012480: 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 { COMMAND; ... \n-00012490: 7d0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 206d 656e }. *Note men\n-000124a0: 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 7569 6c74 uentry::...Built\n-000124b0: 2d69 6e20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d -in Commands.===\n-000124c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-000124d0: 536f 6d65 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 636f Some built-in co\n-000124e0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 mmands are also \n-000124f0: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 provided by GRUB\n-00012500: 2073 6372 6970 7420 746f 2068 656c 7020 script to help \n-00012510: 7363 7269 7074 0a77 7269 7465 7273 2070 script.writers p\n-00012520: 6572 666f 726d 2061 6374 696f 6e73 2074 erform actions t\n-00012530: 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f74 6865 7277 6973 hat are otherwis\n-00012540: 6520 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2e20 e not possible. \n-00012550: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 7468 For example,.th\n-00012560: 6573 6520 696e 636c 7564 6520 636f 6d6d ese include comm\n-00012570: 616e 6473 2074 6f20 6a75 6d70 206f 7574 ands to jump out\n-00012580: 206f 6620 6120 6c6f 6f70 2077 6974 686f of a loop witho\n-00012590: 7574 2066 756c 6c79 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 ut fully complet\n-000125a0: 696e 670a 6974 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a 6272 ing.it, etc...br\n-000125b0: 6561 6b20 5b27 6e27 5d0a 2020 2020 2045 eak ['n']. E\n-000125c0: 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 xit from within \n-000125d0: 6120 2766 6f72 272c 2027 7768 696c 6527 a 'for', 'while'\n-000125e0: 2c20 6f72 2027 756e 7469 6c27 206c 6f6f , or 'until' loo\n-000125f0: 702e 2020 4966 2027 6e27 2069 730a 2020 p. If 'n' is. \n-00012600: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 6272 specified, br\n-00012610: 6561 6b20 276e 2720 6c65 7665 6c73 2e20 eak 'n' levels. \n-00012620: 2027 6e27 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 'n' must be gre\n-00012630: 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 ater than or equ\n-00012640: 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2031 2e20 2049 al to. 1. I\n-00012650: 6620 276e 2720 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 f 'n' is greater\n-00012660: 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 than the number\n-00012670: 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f of enclosing lo\n-00012680: 6f70 732c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 656e ops, all. en\n-00012690: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 closing loops ar\n-000126a0: 6520 6578 6974 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2072 e exited. The r\n-000126b0: 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2030 eturn value is 0\n-000126c0: 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 276e 2720 6973 0a20 unless 'n' is. \n-000126d0: 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6772 6561 7465 7220 not greater \n-000126e0: 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f than or equal to\n-000126f0: 2031 2e0a 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 6520 5b27 1...continue ['\n-00012700: 6e27 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 756d 6520 n']. Resume \n-00012710: 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2069 7465 7261 7469 the next iterati\n-00012720: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 656e 636c 6f73 on of the enclos\n-00012730: 696e 6720 2766 6f72 272c 2027 7768 696c ing 'for', 'whil\n-00012740: 6527 206f 720a 2020 2020 2027 756e 7469 e' or. 'unti\n-00012750: 6c27 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 2027 6e27 l' loop. If 'n'\n-00012760: 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2072 is specified, r\n-00012770: 6573 756d 6520 6174 2074 6865 2027 6e27 esume at the 'n'\n-00012780: 7468 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 th enclosing. \n-00012790: 2020 6c6f 6f70 2e20 2027 6e27 206d 7573 loop. 'n' mus\n-000127a0: 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 t be greater tha\n-000127b0: 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e n or equal to 1.\n-000127c0: 2020 4966 2027 6e27 2069 7320 6772 6561 If 'n' is grea\n-000127d0: 7465 720a 2020 2020 2074 6861 6e20 7468 ter. than th\n-000127e0: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c e number of encl\n-000127f0: 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2074 6865 osing loops, the\n-00012800: 206c 6173 7420 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 last enclosing \n-00012810: 6c6f 6f70 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 2022 loop (the. \"\n-00012820: 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6c22 206c 6f6f 7029 top-level\" loop)\n-00012830: 2069 7320 7265 7375 6d65 642e 2020 5468 is resumed. Th\n-00012840: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 e return value i\n-00012850: 7320 3020 756e 6c65 7373 2027 6e27 2069 s 0 unless 'n' i\n-00012860: 730a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2067 7265 6174 s. not great\n-00012870: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c er than or equal\n-00012880: 2074 6f20 312e 0a0a 7265 7475 726e 205b to 1...return [\n-00012890: 276e 275d 0a20 2020 2020 4361 7573 6573 'n']. Causes\n-000128a0: 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2065 a function to e\n-000128b0: 7869 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 6574 xit with the ret\n-000128c0: 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 7370 6563 6966 urn value specif\n-000128d0: 6965 6420 6279 2027 6e27 2e0a 2020 2020 ied by 'n'.. \n-000128e0: 2049 6620 276e 2720 6973 206f 6d69 7474 If 'n' is omitt\n-000128f0: 6564 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 ed, the return s\n-00012900: 7461 7475 7320 6973 2074 6861 7420 6f66 tatus is that of\n-00012910: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e the last comman\n-00012920: 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 d. executed \n-00012930: 696e 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 in the function \n-00012940: 626f 6479 2e20 2049 6620 7573 6564 206f body. If used o\n-00012950: 7574 7369 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f utside a functio\n-00012960: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 n the. retur\n-00012970: 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 6661 6c73 n status is fals\n-00012980: 652e 0a0a 7365 7470 6172 616d 7320 5b27 e...setparams ['\n-00012990: 6172 6727 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 arg'] .... R\n-000129a0: 6570 6c61 6365 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 eplace positiona\n-000129b0: 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2073 7461 l parameters sta\n-000129c0: 7274 696e 6720 7769 7468 2027 2431 2720 rting with '$1' \n-000129d0: 7769 7468 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 with arguments t\n-000129e0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 7365 7470 6172 616d o. 'setparam\n-000129f0: 7327 2e0a 0a73 6869 6674 205b 276e 275d s'...shift ['n']\n-00012a00: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 706f 7369 7469 . The positi\n-00012a10: 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 onal parameters \n-00012a20: 6672 6f6d 2027 6e27 2b31 202e 2e2e 2061 from 'n'+1 ... a\n-00012a30: 7265 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 2724 re renamed to '$\n-00012a40: 3127 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5061 7261 1'..... Para\n-00012a50: 6d65 7465 7273 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 meters represent\n-00012a60: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 ed by the number\n-00012a70: 7320 2724 2327 2064 6f77 6e20 746f 2027 s '$#' down to '\n-00012a80: 2423 272d 276e 272b 3120 6172 650a 2020 $#'-'n'+1 are. \n-00012a90: 2020 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 2027 6e27 206d unset. 'n' m\n-00012aa0: 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6e 6567 ust be a non-neg\n-00012ab0: 6174 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206c 6573 ative number les\n-00012ac0: 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 s than or equal \n-00012ad0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2724 2327 2e20 2049 to. '$#'. I\n-00012ae0: 6620 276e 2720 6973 2030 2c20 6e6f 2070 f 'n' is 0, no p\n-00012af0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6368 arameters are ch\n-00012b00: 616e 6765 642e 2020 4966 2027 6e27 2069 anged. If 'n' i\n-00012b10: 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e s not. given\n-00012b20: 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 6420 , it is assumed \n-00012b30: 746f 2062 6520 312e 2020 4966 2027 6e27 to be 1. If 'n'\n-00012b40: 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e is greater than\n-00012b50: 2027 2423 272c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 '$#', the. \n-00012b60: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d positional param\n-00012b70: 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 6368 eters are not ch\n-00012b80: 616e 6765 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 anged. The retu\n-00012b90: 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 0a20 2020 rn status is. \n-00012ba0: 2020 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 207a greater than z\n-00012bb0: 6572 6f20 6966 2027 6e27 2069 7320 6772 ero if 'n' is gr\n-00012bc0: 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 2027 2423 2720 eater than '$#' \n-00012bd0: 6f72 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 207a 6572 or less than zer\n-00012be0: 6f3b 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7277 6973 o;. otherwis\n-00012bf0: 6520 302e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 e 0.....File: gr\n-00012c00: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00012c10: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n-00012c20: 7469 6e67 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 ting-Footnotes, \n-00012c30: 2055 703a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 Up: Shell-like \n-00012c40: 7363 7269 7074 696e 670a 0a20 2020 2831 scripting.. (1\n-00012c50: 2920 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6120 6261 ) Currently a ba\n-00012c60: 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c 696e 6520 ckslash-newline \n-00012c70: 7061 6972 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 7661 pair within a va\n-00012c80: 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6973 206e riable name is n\n-00012c90: 6f74 0a68 616e 646c 6564 2070 726f 7065 ot.handled prope\n-00012ca0: 726c 792c 2073 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6973 rly, so use this\n-00012cb0: 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 6974 6820 736f feature with so\n-00012cc0: 6d65 2063 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 me care.....File\n-00012cd0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00012ce0: 6465 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d de: Multi-boot m\n-00012cf0: 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 204e anual config, N\n-00012d00: 6578 743a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f ext: Embedded co\n-00012d10: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 nfiguration, Pr\n-00012d20: 6576 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 ev: Shell-like s\n-00012d30: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2043 cripting, Up: C\n-00012d40: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e onfiguration..6.\n-00012d50: 3420 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 4 Multi-boot man\n-00012d60: 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ual config.=====\n+00010d50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00010d60: 0a27 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 6973 2077 .'grub.cfg' is w\n+00010d70: 7269 7474 656e 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2773 ritten in GRUB's\n+00010d80: 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 7363 7269 7074 built-in script\n+00010d90: 696e 6720 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2c20 7768 ing language, wh\n+00010da0: 6963 6820 6861 7320 610a 7379 6e74 6178 ich has a.syntax\n+00010db0: 2071 7569 7465 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 quite similar t\n+00010dc0: 6f20 7468 6174 206f 6620 474e 5520 4261 o that of GNU Ba\n+00010dd0: 7368 2061 6e64 206f 7468 6572 2042 6f75 sh and other Bou\n+00010de0: 726e 6520 7368 656c 6c0a 6465 7269 7661 rne shell.deriva\n+00010df0: 7469 7665 732e 0a0a 576f 7264 730a 3d3d tives...Words.==\n+00010e00: 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2022 776f 7264 2220 6973 ===..A \"word\" is\n+00010e10: 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2063 a sequence of c\n+00010e20: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 636f 6e73 6964 haracters consid\n+00010e30: 6572 6564 2061 7320 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 ered as a single\n+00010e40: 2075 6e69 7420 6279 0a47 5255 422e 2057 unit by.GRUB. W\n+00010e50: 6f72 6473 2061 7265 2073 6570 6172 6174 ords are separat\n+00010e60: 6564 2062 7920 226d 6574 6163 6861 7261 ed by \"metachara\n+00010e70: 6374 6572 7322 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 cters\", which ar\n+00010e80: 6520 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a e the following.\n+00010e90: 706c 7573 2073 7061 6365 2c20 7461 622c plus space, tab,\n+00010ea0: 2061 6e64 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 3a0a 0a20 and newline:.. \n+00010eb0: 2020 2020 7b20 7d20 7c20 2620 2420 3b20 { } | & $ ; \n+00010ec0: 3c20 3e0a 0a20 2020 5175 6f74 696e 6720 < >.. Quoting \n+00010ed0: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2069 may be used to i\n+00010ee0: 6e63 6c75 6465 206d 6574 6163 6861 7261 nclude metachara\n+00010ef0: 6374 6572 7320 696e 2077 6f72 6473 3b20 cters in words; \n+00010f00: 7365 6520 6265 6c6f 772e 0a0a 5265 7365 see below...Rese\n+00010f10: 7276 6564 2077 6f72 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d rved words.=====\n+00010f20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a52 6573 6572 =========..Reser\n+00010f30: 7665 6420 776f 7264 7320 6861 7665 2061 ved words have a\n+00010f40: 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 special meaning\n+00010f50: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6520 666f to GRUB. The fo\n+00010f60: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 llowing words ar\n+00010f70: 650a 7265 636f 676e 6973 6564 2061 7320 e.recognised as \n+00010f80: 7265 7365 7276 6564 2077 6865 6e20 756e reserved when un\n+00010f90: 7175 6f74 6564 2061 6e64 2065 6974 6865 quoted and eithe\n+00010fa0: 7220 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 r the first word\n+00010fb0: 206f 6620 610a 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d of a.simple com\n+00010fc0: 6d61 6e64 206f 7220 7468 6520 7468 6972 mand or the thir\n+00010fd0: 6420 776f 7264 206f 6620 6120 2766 6f72 d word of a 'for\n+00010fe0: 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 ' command:.. \n+00010ff0: 2021 205b 5b20 5d5d 207b 207d 0a20 2020 ! [[ ]] { }. \n+00011000: 2020 6361 7365 2064 6f20 646f 6e65 2065 case do done e\n+00011010: 6c69 6620 656c 7365 2065 7361 6320 6669 lif else esac fi\n+00011020: 2066 6f72 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 for function. \n+00011030: 2020 2069 6620 696e 206d 656e 7565 6e74 if in menuent\n+00011040: 7279 2073 656c 6563 7420 7468 656e 2074 ry select then t\n+00011050: 696d 6520 756e 7469 6c20 7768 696c 650a ime until while.\n+00011060: 0a20 2020 4e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 . Not all of t\n+00011070: 6865 7365 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f hese reserved wo\n+00011080: 7264 7320 6861 7665 2061 2075 7365 6675 rds have a usefu\n+00011090: 6c20 7075 7270 6f73 6520 7965 743b 2073 l purpose yet; s\n+000110a0: 6f6d 6520 6172 650a 7265 7365 7276 6564 ome are.reserved\n+000110b0: 2066 6f72 2066 7574 7572 6520 6578 7061 for future expa\n+000110c0: 6e73 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5175 6f74 696e 670a nsion...Quoting.\n+000110d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a51 756f 7469 6e67 =======..Quoting\n+000110e0: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6d6f is used to remo\n+000110f0: 7665 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d ve the special m\n+00011100: 6561 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 6365 7274 6169 eaning of certai\n+00011110: 6e20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 206f 720a n characters or.\n+00011120: 776f 7264 732e 2020 4974 2063 616e 2062 words. It can b\n+00011130: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7472 6561 7420 e used to treat \n+00011140: 6d65 7461 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2061 metacharacters a\n+00011150: 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 6120 776f 7264 s part of a word\n+00011160: 2c20 746f 0a70 7265 7665 6e74 2072 6573 , to.prevent res\n+00011170: 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 7320 6672 6f6d erved words from\n+00011180: 2062 6569 6e67 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 being recognise\n+00011190: 6420 6173 2073 7563 682c 2061 6e64 2074 d as such, and t\n+000111a0: 6f20 7072 6576 656e 740a 7661 7269 6162 o prevent.variab\n+000111b0: 6c65 2065 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 le expansion... \n+000111c0: 2020 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7468 7265 There are thre\n+000111d0: 6520 7175 6f74 696e 6720 6d65 6368 616e e quoting mechan\n+000111e0: 6973 6d73 3a20 7468 6520 6573 6361 7065 isms: the escape\n+000111f0: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2c20 7369 6e67 character, sing\n+00011200: 6c65 0a71 756f 7465 732c 2061 6e64 2064 le.quotes, and d\n+00011210: 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2e0a 0a20 ouble quotes... \n+00011220: 2020 4120 6e6f 6e2d 7175 6f74 6564 2062 A non-quoted b\n+00011230: 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2028 5c29 2069 7320 ackslash (\\) is \n+00011240: 7468 6520 2265 7363 6170 6520 6368 6172 the \"escape char\n+00011250: 6163 7465 7222 2e20 2049 7420 7072 6573 acter\". It pres\n+00011260: 6572 7665 730a 7468 6520 6c69 7465 7261 erves.the litera\n+00011270: 6c20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206e l value of the n\n+00011280: 6578 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 7468 ext character th\n+00011290: 6174 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 2c20 7769 7468 at follows, with\n+000112a0: 2074 6865 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 0a6f the exception.o\n+000112b0: 6620 6e65 776c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2045 f newline... E\n+000112c0: 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 2063 6861 7261 6374 nclosing charact\n+000112d0: 6572 7320 696e 2073 696e 676c 6520 7175 ers in single qu\n+000112e0: 6f74 6573 2070 7265 7365 7276 6573 2074 otes preserves t\n+000112f0: 6865 206c 6974 6572 616c 2076 616c 7565 he literal value\n+00011300: 206f 660a 6561 6368 2063 6861 7261 6374 of.each charact\n+00011310: 6572 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 7175 er within the qu\n+00011320: 6f74 6573 2e20 2041 2073 696e 676c 6520 otes. A single \n+00011330: 7175 6f74 6520 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6f63 quote may not oc\n+00011340: 6375 7220 6265 7477 6565 6e0a 7369 6e67 cur between.sing\n+00011350: 6c65 2071 756f 7465 732c 2065 7665 6e20 le quotes, even \n+00011360: 7768 656e 2070 7265 6365 6465 6420 6279 when preceded by\n+00011370: 2061 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2e0a 0a20 a backslash... \n+00011380: 2020 456e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6368 6172 Enclosing char\n+00011390: 6163 7465 7273 2069 6e20 646f 7562 6c65 acters in double\n+000113a0: 2071 756f 7465 7320 7072 6573 6572 7665 quotes preserve\n+000113b0: 7320 7468 6520 6c69 7465 7261 6c20 7661 s the literal va\n+000113c0: 6c75 6520 6f66 0a61 6c6c 2063 6861 7261 lue of.all chara\n+000113d0: 6374 6572 7320 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 cters within the\n+000113e0: 2071 756f 7465 732c 2077 6974 6820 7468 quotes, with th\n+000113f0: 6520 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 6f66 2027 e exception of '\n+00011400: 2427 2061 6e64 2027 5c27 2e0a 5468 6520 $' and '\\'..The \n+00011410: 2724 2720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 7265 '$' character re\n+00011420: 7461 696e 7320 6974 7320 7370 6563 6961 tains its specia\n+00011430: 6c20 6d65 616e 696e 6720 7769 7468 696e l meaning within\n+00011440: 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2e20 double quotes. \n+00011450: 2054 6865 0a62 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2072 The.backslash r\n+00011460: 6574 6169 6e73 2069 7473 2073 7065 6369 etains its speci\n+00011470: 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 al meaning only \n+00011480: 7768 656e 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 when followed by\n+00011490: 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 650a 666f 6c6c one of the.foll\n+000114a0: 6f77 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 owing characters\n+000114b0: 3a20 2724 272c 2027 2227 2c20 275c 272c : '$', '\"', '\\',\n+000114c0: 206f 7220 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 4120 or newline. A \n+000114d0: 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c 696e backslash-newlin\n+000114e0: 650a 7061 6972 2069 7320 7472 6561 7465 e.pair is treate\n+000114f0: 6420 6173 2061 206c 696e 6520 636f 6e74 d as a line cont\n+00011500: 696e 7561 7469 6f6e 2028 7468 6174 2069 inuation (that i\n+00011510: 732c 2069 7420 6973 2072 656d 6f76 6564 s, it is removed\n+00011520: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 696e 7075 7420 from the.input \n+00011530: 7374 7265 616d 2061 6e64 2065 6666 6563 stream and effec\n+00011540: 7469 7665 6c79 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2831 tively ignored(1\n+00011550: 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c ) (*note Shell-l\n+00011560: 696b 650a 7363 7269 7074 696e 672d 466f ike.scripting-Fo\n+00011570: 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2929 2e20 2041 otnote-1::)). A\n+00011580: 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6520 6d61 double quote ma\n+00011590: 7920 6265 2071 756f 7465 6420 7769 7468 y be quoted with\n+000115a0: 696e 2064 6f75 626c 650a 7175 6f74 6573 in double.quotes\n+000115b0: 2062 7920 7072 6563 6564 696e 6720 6974 by preceding it\n+000115c0: 2077 6974 6820 6120 6261 636b 736c 6173 with a backslas\n+000115d0: 682e 0a0a 5661 7269 6162 6c65 2065 7870 h...Variable exp\n+000115e0: 616e 7369 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ansion.=========\n+000115f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2027 =========..The '\n+00011600: 2427 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2069 6e74 $' character int\n+00011610: 726f 6475 6365 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 roduces variable\n+00011620: 2065 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 expansion. The\n+00011630: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 2074 variable name t\n+00011640: 6f0a 6265 2065 7870 616e 6465 6420 6d61 o.be expanded ma\n+00011650: 7920 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 696e y be enclosed in\n+00011660: 2062 7261 6365 732c 2077 6869 6368 2061 braces, which a\n+00011670: 7265 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 6275 7420 re optional but \n+00011680: 7365 7276 6520 746f 0a70 726f 7465 6374 serve to.protect\n+00011690: 2074 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f the variable to\n+000116a0: 2062 6520 6578 7061 6e64 6564 2066 726f be expanded fro\n+000116b0: 6d20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2069 6d6d m characters imm\n+000116c0: 6564 6961 7465 6c79 0a66 6f6c 6c6f 7769 ediately.followi\n+000116d0: 6e67 2069 7420 7768 6963 6820 636f 756c ng it which coul\n+000116e0: 6420 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 d be interpreted\n+000116f0: 2061 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 as part of the \n+00011700: 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 726d 616c name... Normal\n+00011710: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 variable names \n+00011720: 6265 6769 6e20 7769 7468 2061 6e20 616c begin with an al\n+00011730: 7068 6162 6574 6963 2063 6861 7261 6374 phabetic charact\n+00011740: 6572 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 790a er, followed by.\n+00011750: 7a65 726f 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2061 6c70 zero or more alp\n+00011760: 6861 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6368 6172 6163 hanumeric charac\n+00011770: 7465 7273 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206e 616d ters. These nam\n+00011780: 6573 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 656e 7472 es refer to entr\n+00011790: 6965 7320 696e 0a74 6865 2047 5255 4220 ies in.the GRUB \n+000117a0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 282a 6e6f environment (*no\n+000117b0: 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 3a3a te Environment::\n+000117c0: 292e 0a0a 2020 2050 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 )... Positiona\n+000117d0: 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 l variable names\n+000117e0: 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 206f 6620 6f6e 6520 consist of one \n+000117f0: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6469 6769 7473 2e20 or more digits. \n+00011800: 2054 6865 790a 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 They.represent \n+00011810: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2070 6173 7365 parameters passe\n+00011820: 6420 746f 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6361 d to function ca\n+00011830: 6c6c 732c 2077 6974 6820 2724 3127 2072 lls, with '$1' r\n+00011840: 6570 7265 7365 6e74 696e 670a 7468 6520 epresenting.the \n+00011850: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 722c first parameter,\n+00011860: 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 and so on... \n+00011870: 5468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 The special vari\n+00011880: 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 273f 2720 6578 able name '?' ex\n+00011890: 7061 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 7869 pands to the exi\n+000118a0: 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 t status of the \n+000118b0: 6d6f 7374 0a72 6563 656e 746c 7920 6578 most.recently ex\n+000118c0: 6563 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 ecuted command. \n+000118d0: 2057 6865 6e20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c When positional\n+000118e0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 variable names \n+000118f0: 6172 6520 6163 7469 7665 2c0a 6f74 6865 are active,.othe\n+00011900: 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 r special variab\n+00011910: 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2027 4027 2c20 272a le names '@', '*\n+00011920: 2720 616e 6420 2723 2720 6172 6520 6465 ' and '#' are de\n+00011930: 6669 6e65 6420 616e 6420 7468 6579 0a65 fined and they.e\n+00011940: 7870 616e 6420 746f 2061 6c6c 2070 6f73 xpand to all pos\n+00011950: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 itional paramete\n+00011960: 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e65 6365 7373 6172 rs with necessar\n+00011970: 7920 7175 6f74 696e 672c 2070 6f73 6974 y quoting, posit\n+00011980: 696f 6e61 6c0a 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 ional.parameters\n+00011990: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 2071 756f without any quo\n+000119a0: 7469 6e67 2c20 616e 6420 706f 7369 7469 ting, and positi\n+000119b0: 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2063 onal parameter c\n+000119c0: 6f75 6e74 0a72 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c ount.respectivel\n+000119d0: 792e 0a0a 436f 6d6d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d y...Comments.===\n+000119e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2077 6f72 6420 6265 =====..A word be\n+000119f0: 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 7769 7468 2027 2327 ginning with '#'\n+00011a00: 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6174 2077 6f72 causes that wor\n+00011a10: 6420 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7265 6d61 696e d and all remain\n+00011a20: 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 0a6f ing characters.o\n+00011a30: 6e20 7468 6174 206c 696e 6520 746f 2062 n that line to b\n+00011a40: 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 5369 6d70 e ignored...Simp\n+00011a50: 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d le commands.====\n+00011a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2022 ===========..A \"\n+00011a70: 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2220 simple command\" \n+00011a80: 6973 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 is a sequence of\n+00011a90: 2077 6f72 6473 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 words separated\n+00011aa0: 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 206f 7220 7461 by spaces or ta\n+00011ab0: 6273 0a61 6e64 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7465 bs.and terminate\n+00011ac0: 6420 6279 2061 2073 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e d by a semicolon\n+00011ad0: 206f 7220 6120 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 or a newline. \n+00011ae0: 5468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 2073 The first word s\n+00011af0: 7065 6369 6669 6573 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d pecifies.the com\n+00011b00: 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6265 2065 7865 6375 mand to be execu\n+00011b10: 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 696e ted. The remain\n+00011b20: 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 6520 7061 ing words are pa\n+00011b30: 7373 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 ssed as argument\n+00011b40: 730a 746f 2074 6865 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 s.to the invoked\n+00011b50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 command... Th\n+00011b60: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 206f e return value o\n+00011b70: 6620 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 f a simple comma\n+00011b80: 6e64 2069 7320 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 nd is its exit s\n+00011b90: 7461 7475 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a72 tatus. If the.r\n+00011ba0: 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 2027 2127 eserved word '!'\n+00011bb0: 2070 7265 6365 6465 7320 7468 6520 636f precedes the co\n+00011bc0: 6d6d 616e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 mmand, then the \n+00011bd0: 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 return value is \n+00011be0: 696e 7374 6561 640a 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 instead.the logi\n+00011bf0: 6361 6c20 6e65 6761 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 cal negation of \n+00011c00: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 the command's ex\n+00011c10: 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e 0a0a 436f 6d70 it status...Comp\n+00011c20: 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d ound commands.==\n+00011c30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00011c40: 0a41 2022 636f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d .A \"compound com\n+00011c50: 6d61 6e64 2220 6973 206f 6e65 206f 6620 mand\" is one of \n+00011c60: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a the following:..\n+00011c70: 666f 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 6e20 574f 5244 for NAME in WORD\n+00011c80: 202e 2e2e 3b20 646f 204c 4953 543b 2064 ...; do LIST; d\n+00011c90: 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 one. The lis\n+00011ca0: 7420 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2066 6f6c 6c6f t of words follo\n+00011cb0: 7769 6e67 2027 696e 2720 6973 2065 7870 wing 'in' is exp\n+00011cc0: 616e 6465 642c 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e anded, generatin\n+00011cd0: 6720 6120 6c69 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 g a list of. \n+00011ce0: 2069 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 items. The var\n+00011cf0: 6961 626c 6520 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7365 iable NAME is se\n+00011d00: 7420 746f 2065 6163 6820 656c 656d 656e t to each elemen\n+00011d10: 7420 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6c69 7374 2069 t of this list i\n+00011d20: 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 7572 6e2c 2061 6e64 n. turn, and\n+00011d30: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 LIST is execute\n+00011d40: 6420 6561 6368 2074 696d 652e 2020 5468 d each time. Th\n+00011d50: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 e return value i\n+00011d60: 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 s the exit. \n+00011d70: 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 status of the la\n+00011d80: 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6861 7420 st command that \n+00011d90: 6578 6563 7574 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7468 executes. If th\n+00011da0: 6520 6578 7061 6e73 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 e expansion of t\n+00011db0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 7320 666f he. items fo\n+00011dc0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 2769 6e27 2072 6573 llowing 'in' res\n+00011dd0: 756c 7473 2069 6e20 616e 2065 6d70 7479 ults in an empty\n+00011de0: 206c 6973 742c 206e 6f20 636f 6d6d 616e list, no comman\n+00011df0: 6473 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6563 ds are. exec\n+00011e00: 7574 6564 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 uted, and the re\n+00011e10: 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2030 turn status is 0\n+00011e20: 2e0a 0a69 6620 4c49 5354 3b20 7468 656e ...if LIST; then\n+00011e30: 204c 4953 543b 205b 656c 6966 204c 4953 LIST; [elif LIS\n+00011e40: 543b 2074 6865 6e20 4c49 5354 3b5d 202e T; then LIST;] .\n+00011e50: 2e2e 205b 656c 7365 204c 4953 543b 5d20 .. [else LIST;] \n+00011e60: 6669 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 2769 6627 fi. The 'if'\n+00011e70: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 LIST is execute\n+00011e80: 642e 2020 4966 2069 7473 2065 7869 7420 d. If its exit \n+00011e90: 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 status is zero, \n+00011ea0: 7468 6520 2774 6865 6e27 0a20 2020 2020 the 'then'. \n+00011eb0: 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 LIST is executed\n+00011ec0: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 6561 . Otherwise, ea\n+00011ed0: 6368 2027 656c 6966 2720 4c49 5354 2069 ch 'elif' LIST i\n+00011ee0: 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7475 s executed in tu\n+00011ef0: 726e 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2069 6620 rn,. and if \n+00011f00: 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 its exit status \n+00011f10: 6973 207a 6572 6f2c 2074 6865 2063 6f72 is zero, the cor\n+00011f20: 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2027 7468 656e responding 'then\n+00011f30: 2720 4c49 5354 2069 730a 2020 2020 2065 ' LIST is. e\n+00011f40: 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 xecuted and the \n+00011f50: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 command complete\n+00011f60: 732e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 s. Otherwise, t\n+00011f70: 6865 2027 656c 7365 2720 4c49 5354 2069 he 'else' LIST i\n+00011f80: 730a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c s. executed,\n+00011f90: 2069 6620 7072 6573 656e 742e 2020 5468 if present. Th\n+00011fa0: 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 e exit status is\n+00011fb0: 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 the exit status\n+00011fc0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c 6173 of the. las\n+00011fd0: 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 t command execut\n+00011fe0: 6564 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 6966 206e ed, or zero if n\n+00011ff0: 6f20 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e20 7465 7374 o condition test\n+00012000: 6564 2074 7275 652e 0a0a 7768 696c 6520 ed true...while \n+00012010: 434f 4e44 3b20 646f 204c 4953 543b 2064 COND; do LIST; d\n+00012020: 6f6e 650a 756e 7469 6c20 434f 4e44 3b20 one.until COND; \n+00012030: 646f 204c 4953 543b 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 do LIST; done. \n+00012040: 2020 2054 6865 2027 7768 696c 6527 2063 The 'while' c\n+00012050: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 6f75 ommand continuou\n+00012060: 736c 7920 6578 6563 7574 6573 2074 6865 sly executes the\n+00012070: 2027 646f 2720 4c49 5354 2061 7320 6c6f 'do' LIST as lo\n+00012080: 6e67 2061 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c ng as. the l\n+00012090: 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 696e 2043 ast command in C\n+000120a0: 4f4e 4420 7265 7475 726e 7320 616e 2065 OND returns an e\n+000120b0: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7a65 xit status of ze\n+000120c0: 726f 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2775 ro. The. 'u\n+000120d0: 6e74 696c 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 ntil' command is\n+000120e0: 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2074 6f20 7468 identical to th\n+000120f0: 6520 2777 6869 6c65 2720 636f 6d6d 616e e 'while' comman\n+00012100: 642c 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 6174 0a20 d, except that. \n+00012110: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7465 7374 2069 7320 the test is \n+00012120: 6e65 6761 7465 643b 2074 6865 2027 646f negated; the 'do\n+00012130: 2720 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 ' LIST is execut\n+00012140: 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 ed as long as th\n+00012150: 6520 6c61 7374 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d e last. comm\n+00012160: 616e 6420 696e 2043 4f4e 4420 7265 7475 and in COND retu\n+00012170: 726e 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2065 rns a non-zero e\n+00012180: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2e20 2054 6865 xit status. The\n+00012190: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 660a exit status of.\n+000121a0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2027 7768 696c 6527 the 'while'\n+000121b0: 2061 6e64 2027 756e 7469 6c27 2063 6f6d and 'until' com\n+000121c0: 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 mands is the exi\n+000121d0: 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 t status of the \n+000121e0: 6c61 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2764 6f27 204c last. 'do' L\n+000121f0: 4953 5420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 6563 IST command exec\n+00012200: 7574 6564 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 6966 uted, or zero if\n+00012210: 206e 6f6e 6520 7761 7320 6578 6563 7574 none was execut\n+00012220: 6564 2e0a 0a66 756e 6374 696f 6e20 4e41 ed...function NA\n+00012230: 4d45 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e ME { COMMAND; ..\n+00012240: 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 . }. This de\n+00012250: 6669 6e65 7320 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e fines a function\n+00012260: 206e 616d 6564 204e 414d 452e 2020 5468 named NAME. Th\n+00012270: 6520 2262 6f64 7922 206f 6620 7468 6520 e \"body\" of the \n+00012280: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 function is. \n+00012290: 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d the list of com\n+000122a0: 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 7468 696e 2062 7261 mands within bra\n+000122b0: 6365 732c 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2077 6869 ces, each of whi\n+000122c0: 6368 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 ch must be. \n+000122d0: 7465 726d 696e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 terminated with \n+000122e0: 6120 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e20 6f72 2061 a semicolon or a\n+000122f0: 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 newline. This \n+00012300: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 list of commands\n+00012310: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6578 . will be ex\n+00012320: 6563 7574 6564 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 ecuted whenever \n+00012330: 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 NAME is specifie\n+00012340: 6420 6173 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 d as the name of\n+00012350: 2061 2073 696d 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 a simple. c\n+00012360: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 756e 6374 696f ommand. Functio\n+00012370: 6e20 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 7320 646f n definitions do\n+00012380: 206e 6f74 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 not affect the \n+00012390: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 696e 0a20 exit status in. \n+000123a0: 2020 2020 2724 3f27 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 '$?'. When \n+000123b0: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6578 executed, the ex\n+000123c0: 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2061 2066 it status of a f\n+000123d0: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6865 2065 unction is the e\n+000123e0: 7869 740a 2020 2020 2073 7461 7475 7320 xit. status \n+000123f0: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d of the last comm\n+00012400: 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 and executed in \n+00012410: 7468 6520 626f 6479 2e0a 0a6d 656e 7565 the body...menue\n+00012420: 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 205b 272d 2d63 ntry TITLE ['--c\n+00012430: 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 2720 2e2e 2e5d lass=class' ...]\n+00012440: 205b 272d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 ['--users=users\n+00012450: 275d 205b 272d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 '] ['--unrestric\n+00012460: 7465 6427 5d20 5b27 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 ted'] ['--hotkey\n+00012470: 3d6b 6579 275d 205b 272d 2d69 643d 6964 =key'] ['--id=id\n+00012480: 275d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e '] { COMMAND; ..\n+00012490: 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 206d . }. *Note m\n+000124a0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 7569 enuentry::...Bui\n+000124b0: 6c74 2d69 6e20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d lt-in Commands.=\n+000124c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000124d0: 0a0a 536f 6d65 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 ..Some built-in \n+000124e0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 6c73 commands are als\n+000124f0: 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4752 o provided by GR\n+00012500: 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 746f 2068 656c UB script to hel\n+00012510: 7020 7363 7269 7074 0a77 7269 7465 7273 p script.writers\n+00012520: 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 6374 696f 6e73 perform actions\n+00012530: 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f74 6865 7277 that are otherw\n+00012540: 6973 6520 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 ise not possible\n+00012550: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a . For example,.\n+00012560: 7468 6573 6520 696e 636c 7564 6520 636f these include co\n+00012570: 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6f20 6a75 6d70 206f mmands to jump o\n+00012580: 7574 206f 6620 6120 6c6f 6f70 2077 6974 ut of a loop wit\n+00012590: 686f 7574 2066 756c 6c79 2063 6f6d 706c hout fully compl\n+000125a0: 6574 696e 670a 6974 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a eting.it, etc...\n+000125b0: 6272 6561 6b20 5b27 6e27 5d0a 2020 2020 break ['n']. \n+000125c0: 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 Exit from withi\n+000125d0: 6e20 6120 2766 6f72 272c 2027 7768 696c n a 'for', 'whil\n+000125e0: 6527 2c20 6f72 2027 756e 7469 6c27 206c e', or 'until' l\n+000125f0: 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 2027 6e27 2069 730a oop. If 'n' is.\n+00012600: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 specified, \n+00012610: 6272 6561 6b20 276e 2720 6c65 7665 6c73 break 'n' levels\n+00012620: 2e20 2027 6e27 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 . 'n' must be g\n+00012630: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 reater than or e\n+00012640: 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2031 2e20 qual to. 1. \n+00012650: 2049 6620 276e 2720 6973 2067 7265 6174 If 'n' is great\n+00012660: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 er than the numb\n+00012670: 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 er of enclosing \n+00012680: 6c6f 6f70 732c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 loops, all. \n+00012690: 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 7320 enclosing loops \n+000126a0: 6172 6520 6578 6974 6564 2e20 2054 6865 are exited. The\n+000126b0: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 6973 return value is\n+000126c0: 2030 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 276e 2720 6973 0 unless 'n' is\n+000126d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6772 6561 7465 . not greate\n+000126e0: 7220 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 r than or equal \n+000126f0: 746f 2031 2e0a 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 6520 to 1...continue \n+00012700: 5b27 6e27 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 756d ['n']. Resum\n+00012710: 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2069 7465 7261 e the next itera\n+00012720: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 656e 636c tion of the encl\n+00012730: 6f73 696e 6720 2766 6f72 272c 2027 7768 osing 'for', 'wh\n+00012740: 696c 6527 206f 720a 2020 2020 2027 756e ile' or. 'un\n+00012750: 7469 6c27 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 2027 til' loop. If '\n+00012760: 6e27 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c n' is specified,\n+00012770: 2072 6573 756d 6520 6174 2074 6865 2027 resume at the '\n+00012780: 6e27 7468 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 0a20 n'th enclosing. \n+00012790: 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 2e20 2027 6e27 206d loop. 'n' m\n+000127a0: 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 ust be greater t\n+000127b0: 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 han or equal to \n+000127c0: 312e 2020 4966 2027 6e27 2069 7320 6772 1. If 'n' is gr\n+000127d0: 6561 7465 720a 2020 2020 2074 6861 6e20 eater. than \n+000127e0: 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e the number of en\n+000127f0: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2074 closing loops, t\n+00012800: 6865 206c 6173 7420 656e 636c 6f73 696e he last enclosin\n+00012810: 6720 6c6f 6f70 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 g loop (the. \n+00012820: 2022 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6c22 206c 6f6f \"top-level\" loo\n+00012830: 7029 2069 7320 7265 7375 6d65 642e 2020 p) is resumed. \n+00012840: 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 The return value\n+00012850: 2069 7320 3020 756e 6c65 7373 2027 6e27 is 0 unless 'n'\n+00012860: 2069 730a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2067 7265 is. not gre\n+00012870: 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 ater than or equ\n+00012880: 616c 2074 6f20 312e 0a0a 7265 7475 726e al to 1...return\n+00012890: 205b 276e 275d 0a20 2020 2020 4361 7573 ['n']. Caus\n+000128a0: 6573 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 746f es a function to\n+000128b0: 2065 7869 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 exit with the r\n+000128c0: 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 7370 6563 eturn value spec\n+000128d0: 6966 6965 6420 6279 2027 6e27 2e0a 2020 ified by 'n'.. \n+000128e0: 2020 2049 6620 276e 2720 6973 206f 6d69 If 'n' is omi\n+000128f0: 7474 6564 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e tted, the return\n+00012900: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2074 6861 7420 status is that \n+00012910: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d of the last comm\n+00012920: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 and. execute\n+00012930: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f d in the functio\n+00012940: 6e20 626f 6479 2e20 2049 6620 7573 6564 n body. If used\n+00012950: 206f 7574 7369 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 outside a funct\n+00012960: 696f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6574 ion the. ret\n+00012970: 7572 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 6661 urn status is fa\n+00012980: 6c73 652e 0a0a 7365 7470 6172 616d 7320 lse...setparams \n+00012990: 5b27 6172 6727 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 ['arg'] .... \n+000129a0: 2052 6570 6c61 6365 2070 6f73 6974 696f Replace positio\n+000129b0: 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2073 nal parameters s\n+000129c0: 7461 7274 696e 6720 7769 7468 2027 2431 tarting with '$1\n+000129d0: 2720 7769 7468 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 ' with arguments\n+000129e0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 7365 7470 6172 to. 'setpar\n+000129f0: 616d 7327 2e0a 0a73 6869 6674 205b 276e ams'...shift ['n\n+00012a00: 275d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 706f 7369 ']. The posi\n+00012a10: 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 tional parameter\n+00012a20: 7320 6672 6f6d 2027 6e27 2b31 202e 2e2e s from 'n'+1 ...\n+00012a30: 2061 7265 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 are renamed to \n+00012a40: 2724 3127 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5061 '$1'..... Pa\n+00012a50: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2072 6570 7265 7365 rameters represe\n+00012a60: 6e74 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 nted by the numb\n+00012a70: 6572 7320 2724 2327 2064 6f77 6e20 746f ers '$#' down to\n+00012a80: 2027 2423 272d 276e 272b 3120 6172 650a '$#'-'n'+1 are.\n+00012a90: 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 2027 6e27 unset. 'n'\n+00012aa0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6e must be a non-n\n+00012ab0: 6567 6174 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206c egative number l\n+00012ac0: 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 ess than or equa\n+00012ad0: 6c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2724 2327 2e20 l to. '$#'. \n+00012ae0: 2049 6620 276e 2720 6973 2030 2c20 6e6f If 'n' is 0, no\n+00012af0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 parameters are \n+00012b00: 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 4966 2027 6e27 changed. If 'n'\n+00012b10: 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2067 6976 is not. giv\n+00012b20: 656e 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 en, it is assume\n+00012b30: 6420 746f 2062 6520 312e 2020 4966 2027 d to be 1. If '\n+00012b40: 6e27 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 n' is greater th\n+00012b50: 616e 2027 2423 272c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 an '$#', the. \n+00012b60: 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 positional par\n+00012b70: 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 ameters are not \n+00012b80: 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 changed. The re\n+00012b90: 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 0a20 turn status is. \n+00012ba0: 2020 2020 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e greater than\n+00012bb0: 207a 6572 6f20 6966 2027 6e27 2069 7320 zero if 'n' is \n+00012bc0: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 2027 2423 greater than '$#\n+00012bd0: 2720 6f72 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 207a ' or less than z\n+00012be0: 6572 6f3b 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7277 ero;. otherw\n+00012bf0: 6973 6520 302e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ise 0.....File: \n+00012c00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00012c10: 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 : Shell-like scr\n+00012c20: 6970 7469 6e67 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 ipting-Footnotes\n+00012c30: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b , Up: Shell-lik\n+00012c40: 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 670a 0a20 2020 e scripting.. \n+00012c50: 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6120 (1) Currently a \n+00012c60: 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c 696e backslash-newlin\n+00012c70: 6520 7061 6972 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 e pair within a \n+00012c80: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6973 variable name is\n+00012c90: 206e 6f74 0a68 616e 646c 6564 2070 726f not.handled pro\n+00012ca0: 7065 726c 792c 2073 6f20 7573 6520 7468 perly, so use th\n+00012cb0: 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 6974 6820 is feature with \n+00012cc0: 736f 6d65 2063 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 some care.....Fi\n+00012cd0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00012ce0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 Node: Multi-boot\n+00012cf0: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 manual config, \n+00012d00: 204e 6578 743a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 Next: Embedded \n+00012d10: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 configuration, \n+00012d20: 5072 6576 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 Prev: Shell-like\n+00012d30: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a scripting, Up:\n+00012d40: 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a Configuration..\n+00012d50: 362e 3420 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 6.4 Multi-boot m\n+00012d60: 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d anual config.===\n 00012d70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00012d80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 6e74 =======..Current\n-00012d90: 6c79 2061 7574 6f67 656e 6572 6174 696e ly autogeneratin\n-00012da0: 6720 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6573 2066 g config files f\n-00012db0: 6f72 206d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 656e or multi-boot en\n-00012dc0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 0a64 6570 656e vironments.depen\n-00012dd0: 6473 206f 6e20 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 ds on os-prober \n-00012de0: 616e 6420 6861 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 and has several \n-00012df0: 7368 6f72 7463 6f6d 696e 6773 2e20 2044 shortcomings. D\n-00012e00: 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 ue to that it is\n-00012e10: 0a64 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 .disabled by def\n-00012e20: 6175 6c74 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2061 6476 ault. It is adv\n-00012e30: 6973 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 ised to use the \n-00012e40: 706f 7765 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 7379 power of GRUB sy\n-00012e50: 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 0a64 6f20 6974 2079 ntax and.do it y\n-00012e60: 6f75 7273 656c 662e 2020 4120 706f 7373 ourself. A poss\n-00012e70: 6962 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ible configurati\n-00012e80: 6f6e 2069 7320 6465 7461 696c 6564 2068 on is detailed h\n-00012e90: 6572 652c 2066 6565 6c20 6672 6565 2074 ere, feel free t\n-00012ea0: 6f0a 6164 6a75 7374 2074 6f20 796f 7572 o.adjust to your\n-00012eb0: 206e 6565 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 7273 needs... Firs\n-00012ec0: 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 2073 6570 6172 t create a separ\n-00012ed0: 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 7469 ate GRUB partiti\n-00012ee0: 6f6e 2c20 6269 6720 656e 6f75 6768 2074 on, big enough t\n-00012ef0: 6f20 686f 6c64 2047 5255 422e 2053 6f6d o hold GRUB. Som\n-00012f00: 650a 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 e.of the followi\n-00012f10: 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2073 686f 7720 ng entries show \n-00012f20: 686f 7720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 4f53 2069 how to load OS i\n-00012f30: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2069 6d61 6765 7320 nstaller images \n-00012f40: 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 730a 7361 6d65 2070 from this.same p\n-00012f50: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 666f 7220 7468 artition, for th\n-00012f60: 6174 2079 6f75 206f 6276 696f 7573 6c79 at you obviously\n-00012f70: 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 need to make th\n-00012f80: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6c61 7267 e partition larg\n-00012f90: 650a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 e.enough to hold\n-00012fa0: 2074 686f 7365 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6173 those images as\n-00012fb0: 2077 656c 6c2e 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 7468 well. Mount th\n-00012fc0: 6973 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6e2f is partition on/\n-00012fd0: 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 0a61 6e64 2064 6973 mnt/boot.and dis\n-00012fe0: 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 696e 2061 6c6c able GRUB in all\n-00012ff0: 204f 5365 7320 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 616c OSes and manual\n-00013000: 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2073 656c 662d ly install self-\n-00013010: 636f 6d70 696c 6564 206c 6174 6573 740a compiled latest.\n-00013020: 4752 5542 2077 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 2027 GRUB with:.. '\n-00013030: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 grub-install --b\n-00013040: 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d oot-directory=/m\n-00013050: 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 nt/boot /dev/sda\n-00013060: 270a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 '.. In all the\n-00013070: 204f 5365 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 OSes install GR\n-00013080: 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2062 7574 2064 6973 UB tools but dis\n-00013090: 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 able installing \n-000130a0: 4752 5542 2069 6e0a 626f 6f74 7365 6374 GRUB in.bootsect\n-000130b0: 6f72 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 6861 or, so you'll ha\n-000130c0: 7665 206d 656e 752e 6c73 7420 616e 6420 ve menu.lst and \n-000130d0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2061 7661 696c 6162 grub.cfg availab\n-000130e0: 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2e0a 416c 736f le for use..Also\n-000130f0: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 206f 732d 7072 6f62 disable os-prob\n-00013100: 6572 2075 7365 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e er use by settin\n-00013110: 673a 0a0a 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f44 4953 g:.. 'GRUB_DIS\n-00013120: 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 3d74 ABLE_OS_PROBER=t\n-00013130: 7275 6527 0a0a 2020 2069 6e20 2f65 7463 rue'.. in /etc\n-00013140: 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 /default/grub.. \n-00013150: 2020 5468 656e 2077 7269 7465 2061 2067 Then write a g\n-00013160: 7275 622e 6366 6720 282f 6d6e 742f 626f rub.cfg (/mnt/bo\n-00013170: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n-00013180: 293a 0a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e ):... menuen\n-00013190: 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 try \"OS using gr\n-000131a0: 7562 3222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 ub2\" {. i\n-000131b0: 6e73 6d6f 6420 7866 730a 2020 2020 2020 nsmod xfs. \n-000131c0: 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 search --set=r\n-000131d0: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3120 oot --label OS1 \n-000131e0: 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 --hint hd0,msdos\n-000131f0: 380a 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 8. config\n-00013200: 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f file /boot/grub/\n-00013210: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a grub.cfg. }.\n-00013220: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 . menuentry \n-00013230: 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 322d \"OS using grub2-\n-00013240: 6c65 6761 6379 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 legacy\" {. \n-00013250: 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2065 7874 320a 2020 insmod ext2. \n-00013260: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 search --s\n-00013270: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 et=root --label \n-00013280: 4f53 3220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d OS2 --hint hd0,m\n-00013290: 7364 6f73 360a 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c65 sdos6. le\n-000132a0: 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 gacy_configfile \n-000132b0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6d 656e 752e /boot/grub/menu.\n-000132c0: 6c73 740a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 lst. }.. \n-000132d0: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 menuentry \"Wind\n-000132e0: 6f77 7320 5850 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 ows XP\" {. \n-000132f0: 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e 7466 730a 2020 insmod ntfs. \n-00013300: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 search --s\n-00013310: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 et=root --label \n-00013320: 5749 4e44 4f57 535f 5850 202d 2d68 696e WINDOWS_XP --hin\n-00013330: 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 0a20 2020 t hd0,msdos1. \n-00013340: 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 6e74 6c64 ntldr /ntld\n-00013350: 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d r. }.. m\n-00013360: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 enuentry \"Window\n-00013370: 7320 3722 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 s 7\" {. i\n-00013380: 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a20 2020 2020 nsmod ntfs. \n-00013390: 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d search --set=\n-000133a0: 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2057 494e root --label WIN\n-000133b0: 444f 5753 5f37 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 DOWS_7 --hint hd\n-000133c0: 302c 6d73 646f 7332 0a20 2020 2020 2020 0,msdos2. \n-000133d0: 206e 746c 6472 202f 626f 6f74 6d67 720a ntldr /bootmgr.\n-000133e0: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e }.. men\n-000133f0: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4672 6565 4253 4422 uentry \"FreeBSD\"\n-00013400: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n-00013410: 2020 696e 736d 6f64 207a 6673 0a20 2020 insmod zfs. \n-00013420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 sear\n-00013430: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n-00013440: 6c61 6265 6c20 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 202d label freepool -\n-00013450: 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7337 -hint hd0,msdos7\n-00013460: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00013470: 6b66 7265 6562 7364 202f 6672 6565 6273 kfreebsd /freebs\n-00013480: 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f6b d@/boot/kernel/k\n-00013490: 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ernel. \n-000134a0: 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f kfreebsd_mo\n-000134b0: 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 dule_elf /freebs\n-000134c0: 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f6f d@/boot/kernel/o\n-000134d0: 7065 6e73 6f6c 6172 6973 2e6b 6f0a 2020 pensolaris.ko. \n-000134e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 kfr\n-000134f0: 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 eebsd_module_elf\n-00013500: 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f /freebsd@/boot/\n-00013510: 6b65 726e 656c 2f7a 6673 2e6b 6f0a 2020 kernel/zfs.ko. \n-00013520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 kfr\n-00013530: 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f 6672 eebsd_module /fr\n-00013540: 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 7a66 732f eebsd@/boot/zfs/\n-00013550: 7a70 6f6f 6c2e 6361 6368 6520 7479 7065 zpool.cache type\n-00013560: 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f7a 6673 2f7a 706f 6f6c =/boot/zfs/zpool\n-00013570: 2e63 6163 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .cache. \n-00013580: 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 7265 6542 set kFreeB\n-00013590: 5344 2e76 6673 2e72 6f6f 742e 6d6f 756e SD.vfs.root.moun\n-000135a0: 7466 726f 6d3d 7a66 733a 6672 6565 706f tfrom=zfs:freepo\n-000135b0: 6f6c 2f66 7265 6562 7364 0a20 2020 2020 ol/freebsd. \n-000135c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 set kF\n-000135d0: 7265 6542 5344 2e68 772e 7073 6d2e 7379 reeBSD.hw.psm.sy\n-000135e0: 6e61 7074 6963 735f 7375 7070 6f72 743d naptics_support=\n-000135f0: 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 1. }.. m\n-00013600: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 6578 7065 7269 enuentry \"experi\n-00013610: 6d65 6e74 616c 2047 5255 4222 207b 0a20 mental GRUB\" {. \n-00013620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n-00013630: 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 arch --set=root \n-00013640: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 --label GRUB --h\n-00013650: 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 int hd0,msdos5. \n-00013660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d75 mu\n-00013670: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2f65 7870 6572 696d ltiboot /experim\n-00013680: 656e 7461 6c2f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d ental/grub/i386-\n-00013690: 7063 2f63 6f72 652e 696d 670a 2020 2020 pc/core.img. \n-000136a0: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n-000136b0: 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 2031 3620 696e ry \"Fedora 16 in\n-000136c0: 7374 616c 6c65 7222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 staller\" {. \n-000136d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 search\n-000136e0: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 --set=root --la\n-000136f0: 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 696e 7420 bel GRUB --hint \n-00013700: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 2020 2020 hd0,msdos5. \n-00013710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 6e75 7820 linux \n-00013720: 2f66 6564 6f72 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 /fedora/vmlinuz \n-00013730: 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 lang=en_US keyma\n-00013740: 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d p=sg resolution=\n-00013750: 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 1280x800. \n-00013760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f initrd /\n-00013770: 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d fedora/initrd.im\n-00013780: 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d g. }.. m\n-00013790: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 enuentry \"Fedora\n-000137a0: 2072 6177 6869 6465 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c rawhide install\n-000137b0: 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er\" {. \n-000137c0: 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 search --se\n-000137d0: 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 t=root --label G\n-000137e0: 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d RUB --hint hd0,m\n-000137f0: 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sdos5. \n-00013800: 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f 6665 646f linux /fedo\n-00013810: 7261 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6570 6f3d ra/vmlinuz repo=\n-00013820: 6674 703a 2f2f 6d69 7272 6f72 2e73 7769 ftp://mirror.swi\n-00013830: 7463 682e 6368 2f6d 6972 726f 722f 6665 tch.ch/mirror/fe\n-00013840: 646f 7261 2f6c 696e 7578 2f64 6576 656c dora/linux/devel\n-00013850: 6f70 6d65 6e74 2f72 6177 6869 6465 2f78 opment/rawhide/x\n-00013860: 3836 5f36 3420 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 86_64 lang=en_US\n-00013870: 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c keymap=sg resol\n-00013880: 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 ution=1280x800. \n-00013890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e in\n-000138a0: 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 itrd /fedora/ini\n-000138b0: 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a trd.img. }..\n-000138c0: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n-000138d0: 4465 6269 616e 2073 6964 2069 6e73 7461 Debian sid insta\n-000138e0: 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ller\" {. \n-000138f0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d search --\n-00013900: 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c set=root --label\n-00013910: 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 GRUB --hint hd0\n-00013920: 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,msdos5. \n-00013930: 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f 6465 linux /de\n-00013940: 6269 616e 2f64 6973 7473 2f73 6964 2f6d bian/dists/sid/m\n-00013950: 6169 6e2f 696e 7374 616c 6c65 722d 616d ain/installer-am\n-00013960: 6436 342f 6375 7272 656e 742f 696d 6167 d64/current/imag\n-00013970: 6573 2f68 642d 6d65 6469 612f 766d 6c69 es/hd-media/vmli\n-00013980: 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nuz. \n-00013990: 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2f64 6562 6961 initrd /debia\n-000139a0: 6e2f 6469 7374 732f 7369 642f 6d61 696e n/dists/sid/main\n-000139b0: 2f69 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2d61 6d64 3634 /installer-amd64\n-000139c0: 2f63 7572 7265 6e74 2f69 6d61 6765 732f /current/images/\n-000139d0: 6864 2d6d 6564 6961 2f69 6e69 7472 642e hd-media/initrd.\n-000139e0: 677a 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a0a 2020 204e gz. }... N\n-000139f0: 6f74 6573 3a0a 2020 202a 2041 7267 756d otes:. * Argum\n-00013a00: 656e 7420 746f 2073 6561 7263 6820 6166 ent to search af\n-00013a10: 7465 7220 2d6c 6162 656c 2069 7320 4653 ter -label is FS\n-00013a20: 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 6361 6e20 LABEL. You can \n-00013a30: 616c 736f 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 0a20 also use UUIDs. \n-00013a40: 2020 2020 7769 7468 202d 6673 2d75 7569 with -fs-uui\n-00013a50: 6420 5555 4944 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f d UUID instead o\n-00013a60: 6620 2d6c 6162 656c 204c 4142 454c 2e20 f -label LABEL. \n-00013a70: 596f 7520 636f 756c 6420 616c 736f 2075 You could also u\n-00013a80: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 2027 se. direct '\n-00013a90: 726f 6f74 3d68 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 5827 root=hd0,msdosX'\n-00013aa0: 2062 7574 2074 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 but this is not\n-00013ab0: 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2064 7565 recommended due\n-00013ac0: 2074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 to device. \n-00013ad0: 6e61 6d65 2069 6e73 7461 6269 6c69 7479 name instability\n-00013ae0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00013af0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6d62 info, Node: Emb\n-00013b00: 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 edded configurat\n-00013b10: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d75 6c74 ion, Prev: Mult\n-00013b20: 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f i-boot manual co\n-00013b30: 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 nfig, Up: Confi\n-00013b40: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3520 456d guration..6.5 Em\n-00013b50: 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 bedding a config\n-00013b60: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 uration file int\n-00013b70: 6f20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d o GRUB.=========\n+00012d80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 =========..Curre\n+00012d90: 6e74 6c79 2061 7574 6f67 656e 6572 6174 ntly autogenerat\n+00012da0: 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6573 ing config files\n+00012db0: 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 for multi-boot \n+00012dc0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 0a64 6570 environments.dep\n+00012dd0: 656e 6473 206f 6e20 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 ends on os-probe\n+00012de0: 7220 616e 6420 6861 7320 7365 7665 7261 r and has severa\n+00012df0: 6c20 7368 6f72 7463 6f6d 696e 6773 2e20 l shortcomings. \n+00012e00: 2044 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 Due to that it \n+00012e10: 6973 0a64 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 is.disabled by d\n+00012e20: 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2061 efault. It is a\n+00012e30: 6476 6973 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 dvised to use th\n+00012e40: 6520 706f 7765 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 e power of GRUB \n+00012e50: 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 0a64 6f20 6974 syntax and.do it\n+00012e60: 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662e 2020 4120 706f yourself. A po\n+00012e70: 7373 6962 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ssible configura\n+00012e80: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6465 7461 696c 6564 tion is detailed\n+00012e90: 2068 6572 652c 2066 6565 6c20 6672 6565 here, feel free\n+00012ea0: 2074 6f0a 6164 6a75 7374 2074 6f20 796f to.adjust to yo\n+00012eb0: 7572 206e 6565 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 ur needs... Fi\n+00012ec0: 7273 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 2073 6570 rst create a sep\n+00012ed0: 6172 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 arate GRUB parti\n+00012ee0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6269 6720 656e 6f75 6768 tion, big enough\n+00012ef0: 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2047 5255 422e 2053 to hold GRUB. S\n+00012f00: 6f6d 650a 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ome.of the follo\n+00012f10: 7769 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2073 686f wing entries sho\n+00012f20: 7720 686f 7720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 4f53 w how to load OS\n+00012f30: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2069 6d61 6765 installer image\n+00012f40: 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 730a 7361 6d65 s from this.same\n+00012f50: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 666f 7220 partition, for \n+00012f60: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206f 6276 696f 7573 that you obvious\n+00012f70: 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 ly need to make \n+00012f80: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6c61 the partition la\n+00012f90: 7267 650a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f rge.enough to ho\n+00012fa0: 6c64 2074 686f 7365 2069 6d61 6765 7320 ld those images \n+00012fb0: 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 as well. Mount \n+00012fc0: 7468 6973 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f this partition o\n+00012fd0: 6e2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 0a61 6e64 2064 n/mnt/boot.and d\n+00012fe0: 6973 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 696e 2061 isable GRUB in a\n+00012ff0: 6c6c 204f 5365 7320 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 ll OSes and manu\n+00013000: 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2073 656c ally install sel\n+00013010: 662d 636f 6d70 696c 6564 206c 6174 6573 f-compiled lates\n+00013020: 740a 4752 5542 2077 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 t.GRUB with:.. \n+00013030: 2027 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 'grub-install -\n+00013040: 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d -boot-directory=\n+00013050: 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 /mnt/boot /dev/s\n+00013060: 6461 270a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6c6c 2074 da'.. In all t\n+00013070: 6865 204f 5365 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c20 he OSes install \n+00013080: 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2062 7574 2064 GRUB tools but d\n+00013090: 6973 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e isable installin\n+000130a0: 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e0a 626f 6f74 7365 g GRUB in.bootse\n+000130b0: 6374 6f72 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 ctor, so you'll \n+000130c0: 6861 7665 206d 656e 752e 6c73 7420 616e have menu.lst an\n+000130d0: 6420 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2061 7661 696c d grub.cfg avail\n+000130e0: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2e0a 416c able for use..Al\n+000130f0: 736f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 206f 732d 7072 so disable os-pr\n+00013100: 6f62 6572 2075 7365 2062 7920 7365 7474 ober use by sett\n+00013110: 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2027 4752 5542 5f44 ing:.. 'GRUB_D\n+00013120: 4953 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 ISABLE_OS_PROBER\n+00013130: 3d74 7275 6527 0a0a 2020 2069 6e20 2f65 =true'.. in /e\n+00013140: 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 620a tc/default/grub.\n+00013150: 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2077 7269 7465 2061 . Then write a\n+00013160: 2067 7275 622e 6366 6720 282f 6d6e 742f grub.cfg (/mnt/\n+00013170: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n+00013180: 6667 293a 0a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 fg):... menu\n+00013190: 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 entry \"OS using \n+000131a0: 6772 7562 3222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 grub2\" {. \n+000131b0: 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7866 730a 2020 2020 insmod xfs. \n+000131c0: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 search --set\n+000131d0: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 =root --label OS\n+000131e0: 3120 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 1 --hint hd0,msd\n+000131f0: 6f73 380a 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 os8. conf\n+00013200: 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 igfile /boot/gru\n+00013210: 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 b/grub.cfg. \n+00013220: 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 }.. menuentr\n+00013230: 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 y \"OS using grub\n+00013240: 322d 6c65 6761 6379 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2-legacy\" {. \n+00013250: 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2065 7874 320a insmod ext2.\n+00013260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d search -\n+00013270: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 -set=root --labe\n+00013280: 6c20 4f53 3220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 l OS2 --hint hd0\n+00013290: 2c6d 7364 6f73 360a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,msdos6. \n+000132a0: 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c legacy_configfil\n+000132b0: 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6d 656e e /boot/grub/men\n+000132c0: 752e 6c73 740a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 u.lst. }.. \n+000132d0: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 menuentry \"Wi\n+000132e0: 6e64 6f77 7320 5850 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 ndows XP\" {. \n+000132f0: 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e 7466 730a insmod ntfs.\n+00013300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d search -\n+00013310: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 -set=root --labe\n+00013320: 6c20 5749 4e44 4f57 535f 5850 202d 2d68 l WINDOWS_XP --h\n+00013330: 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 0a20 int hd0,msdos1. \n+00013340: 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 6e74 ntldr /nt\n+00013350: 6c64 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 ldr. }.. \n+00013360: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 menuentry \"Wind\n+00013370: 6f77 7320 3722 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ows 7\" {. \n+00013380: 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a20 2020 insmod ntfs. \n+00013390: 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 search --se\n+000133a0: 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2057 t=root --label W\n+000133b0: 494e 444f 5753 5f37 202d 2d68 696e 7420 INDOWS_7 --hint \n+000133c0: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 0a20 2020 2020 hd0,msdos2. \n+000133d0: 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 626f 6f74 6d67 ntldr /bootmg\n+000133e0: 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d r. }.. m\n+000133f0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4672 6565 4253 enuentry \"FreeBS\n+00013400: 4422 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D\" {. \n+00013410: 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 207a 6673 0a20 insmod zfs. \n+00013420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n+00013430: 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 arch --set=root \n+00013440: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 6672 6565 706f 6f6c --label freepool\n+00013450: 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f --hint hd0,msdo\n+00013460: 7337 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s7. \n+00013470: 2020 6b66 7265 6562 7364 202f 6672 6565 kfreebsd /free\n+00013480: 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c bsd@/boot/kernel\n+00013490: 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 /kernel. \n+000134a0: 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f kfreebsd_\n+000134b0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 module_elf /free\n+000134c0: 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c bsd@/boot/kernel\n+000134d0: 2f6f 7065 6e73 6f6c 6172 6973 2e6b 6f0a /opensolaris.ko.\n+000134e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b k\n+000134f0: 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 freebsd_module_e\n+00013500: 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f lf /freebsd@/boo\n+00013510: 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f7a 6673 2e6b 6f0a t/kernel/zfs.ko.\n+00013520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b k\n+00013530: 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f freebsd_module /\n+00013540: 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 7a66 freebsd@/boot/zf\n+00013550: 732f 7a70 6f6f 6c2e 6361 6368 6520 7479 s/zpool.cache ty\n+00013560: 7065 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f7a 6673 2f7a 706f pe=/boot/zfs/zpo\n+00013570: 6f6c 2e63 6163 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ol.cache. \n+00013580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 7265 set kFre\n+00013590: 6542 5344 2e76 6673 2e72 6f6f 742e 6d6f eBSD.vfs.root.mo\n+000135a0: 756e 7466 726f 6d3d 7a66 733a 6672 6565 untfrom=zfs:free\n+000135b0: 706f 6f6c 2f66 7265 6562 7364 0a20 2020 pool/freebsd. \n+000135c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 set \n+000135d0: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e68 772e 7073 6d2e kFreeBSD.hw.psm.\n+000135e0: 7379 6e61 7074 6963 735f 7375 7070 6f72 synaptics_suppor\n+000135f0: 743d 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 t=1. }.. \n+00013600: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 6578 7065 menuentry \"expe\n+00013610: 7269 6d65 6e74 616c 2047 5255 4222 207b rimental GRUB\" {\n+00013620: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00013630: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n+00013640: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d t --label GRUB -\n+00013650: 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 -hint hd0,msdos5\n+00013660: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00013670: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2f65 7870 6572 multiboot /exper\n+00013680: 696d 656e 7461 6c2f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 imental/grub/i38\n+00013690: 362d 7063 2f63 6f72 652e 696d 670a 2020 6-pc/core.img. \n+000136a0: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 }.. menue\n+000136b0: 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 2031 3620 ntry \"Fedora 16 \n+000136c0: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7222 207b 0a20 2020 installer\" {. \n+000136d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 sear\n+000136e0: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n+000136f0: 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 696e label GRUB --hin\n+00013700: 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 2020 t hd0,msdos5. \n+00013710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 6e75 linu\n+00013720: 7820 2f66 6564 6f72 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 x /fedora/vmlinu\n+00013730: 7a20 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 z lang=en_US key\n+00013740: 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f map=sg resolutio\n+00013750: 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 2020 n=1280x800. \n+00013760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 initrd\n+00013770: 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e /fedora/initrd.\n+00013780: 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 img. }.. \n+00013790: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f menuentry \"Fedo\n+000137a0: 7261 2072 6177 6869 6465 2069 6e73 7461 ra rawhide insta\n+000137b0: 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ller\" {. \n+000137c0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d search --\n+000137d0: 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c set=root --label\n+000137e0: 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 GRUB --hint hd0\n+000137f0: 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,msdos5. \n+00013800: 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f 6665 linux /fe\n+00013810: 646f 7261 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6570 dora/vmlinuz rep\n+00013820: 6f3d 6674 703a 2f2f 6d69 7272 6f72 2e73 o=ftp://mirror.s\n+00013830: 7769 7463 682e 6368 2f6d 6972 726f 722f witch.ch/mirror/\n+00013840: 6665 646f 7261 2f6c 696e 7578 2f64 6576 fedora/linux/dev\n+00013850: 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2f72 6177 6869 6465 elopment/rawhide\n+00013860: 2f78 3836 5f36 3420 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f /x86_64 lang=en_\n+00013870: 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 US keymap=sg res\n+00013880: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 olution=1280x800\n+00013890: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000138a0: 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 initrd /fedora/i\n+000138b0: 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d nitrd.img. }\n+000138c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n+000138d0: 2022 4465 6269 616e 2073 6964 2069 6e73 \"Debian sid ins\n+000138e0: 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 taller\" {. \n+000138f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 search \n+00013900: 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 --set=root --lab\n+00013910: 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 el GRUB --hint h\n+00013920: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 d0,msdos5. \n+00013930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f linux /\n+00013940: 6465 6269 616e 2f64 6973 7473 2f73 6964 debian/dists/sid\n+00013950: 2f6d 6169 6e2f 696e 7374 616c 6c65 722d /main/installer-\n+00013960: 616d 6436 342f 6375 7272 656e 742f 696d amd64/current/im\n+00013970: 6167 6573 2f68 642d 6d65 6469 612f 766d ages/hd-media/vm\n+00013980: 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 linuz. \n+00013990: 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2f64 6562 initrd /deb\n+000139a0: 6961 6e2f 6469 7374 732f 7369 642f 6d61 ian/dists/sid/ma\n+000139b0: 696e 2f69 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2d61 6d64 in/installer-amd\n+000139c0: 3634 2f63 7572 7265 6e74 2f69 6d61 6765 64/current/image\n+000139d0: 732f 6864 2d6d 6564 6961 2f69 6e69 7472 s/hd-media/initr\n+000139e0: 642e 677a 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a0a 2020 d.gz. }... \n+000139f0: 204e 6f74 6573 3a0a 2020 202a 2041 7267 Notes:. * Arg\n+00013a00: 756d 656e 7420 746f 2073 6561 7263 6820 ument to search \n+00013a10: 6166 7465 7220 2d6c 6162 656c 2069 7320 after -label is \n+00013a20: 4653 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 6361 FS LABEL. You ca\n+00013a30: 6e20 616c 736f 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 n also use UUIDs\n+00013a40: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 202d 6673 2d75 . with -fs-u\n+00013a50: 7569 6420 5555 4944 2069 6e73 7465 6164 uid UUID instead\n+00013a60: 206f 6620 2d6c 6162 656c 204c 4142 454c of -label LABEL\n+00013a70: 2e20 596f 7520 636f 756c 6420 616c 736f . You could also\n+00013a80: 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 use. direct\n+00013a90: 2027 726f 6f74 3d68 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 'root=hd0,msdos\n+00013aa0: 5827 2062 7574 2074 6869 7320 6973 206e X' but this is n\n+00013ab0: 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2064 ot recommended d\n+00013ac0: 7565 2074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 ue to device. \n+00013ad0: 2020 6e61 6d65 2069 6e73 7461 6269 6c69 name instabili\n+00013ae0: 7479 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ty.....File: gru\n+00013af0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 b.info, Node: E\n+00013b00: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 mbedded configur\n+00013b10: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d75 ation, Prev: Mu\n+00013b20: 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 lti-boot manual \n+00013b30: 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e config, Up: Con\n+00013b40: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3520 figuration..6.5 \n+00013b50: 456d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 Embedding a conf\n+00013b60: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 iguration file i\n+00013b70: 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nto GRUB.=======\n 00013b80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00013b90: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00013ba0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 ===..GRUB suppor\n-00013bb0: 7473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2061 2063 ts embedding a c\n-00013bc0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00013bd0: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 6f20 e directly into \n-00013be0: 7468 6520 636f 7265 0a69 6d61 6765 2c20 the core.image, \n-00013bf0: 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6c6f so that it is lo\n-00013c00: 6164 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 656e 7465 aded before ente\n-00013c10: 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 ring normal mode\n-00013c20: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a75 7365 6675 . This is.usefu\n-00013c30: 6c2c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 l, for example, \n-00013c40: 7768 656e 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2073 when it is not s\n-00013c50: 7472 6169 6768 7466 6f72 7761 7264 2074 traightforward t\n-00013c60: 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c0a o find the real.\n-00013c70: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-00013c80: 6c65 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 le, or when you \n-00013c90: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6275 6720 7072 need to debug pr\n-00013ca0: 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 6820 6c6f 6164 oblems with load\n-00013cb0: 696e 6720 7468 6174 0a66 696c 652e 2020 ing that.file. \n-00013cc0: 2767 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c27 2075 'grub-install' u\n-00013cd0: 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 ses this feature\n-00013ce0: 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 when it is not \n-00013cf0: 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 2064 6973 6b0a using BIOS disk.\n-00013d00: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 2077 6865 functions or whe\n-00013d10: 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 n installing to \n-00013d20: 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6469 736b a different disk\n-00013d30: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 636f from the one co\n-00013d40: 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 0a27 2f62 6f6f 742f ntaining.'/boot/\n-00013d50: 6772 7562 272c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 grub', in which \n-00013d60: 6361 7365 2069 7420 6e65 6564 7320 746f case it needs to\n-00013d70: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2027 7365 6172 6368 use the 'search\n-00013d80: 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 ' command (*note\n-00013d90: 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 6669 .search::) to fi\n-00013da0: 6e64 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 272e nd '/boot/grub'.\n-00013db0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 656d 6265 6420 6120 .. To embed a \n-00013dc0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-00013dd0: 6c65 2c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 272d 6327 le, use the '-c'\n-00013de0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 2027 6772 7562 option to 'grub\n-00013df0: 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 272e 0a54 6865 2066 -mkimage'..The f\n-00013e00: 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f70 6965 6420 696e ile is copied in\n-00013e10: 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 to the core imag\n-00013e20: 652c 2073 6f20 6974 206d 6179 2072 6573 e, so it may res\n-00013e30: 6964 6520 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f 6e20 ide anywhere on \n-00013e40: 7468 650a 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2c the.file system,\n-00013e50: 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7265 6d6f and may be remo\n-00013e60: 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 7275 6e6e 696e ved after runnin\n-00013e70: 6720 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 6527 g 'grub-mkimage'\n-00013e80: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 7465 7220 7468 6520 ... After the \n-00013e90: 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 embedded configu\n-00013ea0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 2869 6620 ration file (if \n-00013eb0: 616e 7929 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 any) is executed\n-00013ec0: 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 6c6f 6164 , GRUB will.load\n-00013ed0: 2074 6865 2027 6e6f 726d 616c 2720 6d6f the 'normal' mo\n-00013ee0: 6475 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d dule (*note norm\n-00013ef0: 616c 3a3a 292c 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c al::), which wil\n-00013f00: 6c20 7468 656e 2072 6561 6420 7468 6520 l then read the \n-00013f10: 7265 616c 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 real.configurati\n-00013f20: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6672 6f6d 2027 2470 on file from '$p\n-00013f30: 7265 6669 782f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 272e refix/grub.cfg'.\n-00013f40: 2020 4279 2074 6869 7320 706f 696e 742c By this point,\n-00013f50: 2074 6865 2027 726f 6f74 270a 7661 7269 the 'root'.vari\n-00013f60: 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f 2068 able will also h\n-00013f70: 6176 6520 6265 656e 2073 6574 2074 6f20 ave been set to \n-00013f80: 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 the root device \n-00013f90: 6e61 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 name. For examp\n-00013fa0: 6c65 2c0a 2770 7265 6669 7827 206d 6967 le,.'prefix' mig\n-00013fb0: 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2027 2868 ht be set to '(h\n-00013fc0: 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 6227 d0,1)/boot/grub'\n-00013fd0: 2c20 616e 6420 2772 6f6f 7427 206d 6967 , and 'root' mig\n-00013fe0: 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 0a27 6864 ht be set to.'hd\n-00013ff0: 302c 3127 2e20 2054 6875 732c 2069 6e20 0,1'. Thus, in \n-00014000: 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 most cases, the \n-00014010: 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 embedded configu\n-00014020: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6f6e 6c79 ration file only\n-00014030: 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 .needs to set th\n-00014040: 6520 2770 7265 6669 7827 2061 6e64 2027 e 'prefix' and '\n-00014050: 726f 6f74 2720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c root' variables,\n-00014060: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 6472 6f70 2074 and then drop t\n-00014070: 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6f0a 4752 5542 2773 hrough to.GRUB's\n-00014080: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7072 6f63 6573 7369 normal processi\n-00014090: 6e67 2e20 2041 2074 7970 6963 616c 2065 ng. A typical e\n-000140a0: 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 7468 6973 206d xample of this m\n-000140b0: 6967 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 ight look like.t\n-000140c0: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 his:.. searc\n-000140d0: 682e 6673 5f75 7569 6420 3031 3233 3435 h.fs_uuid 012345\n-000140e0: 3637 2d38 3961 622d 6364 6566 2d30 3132 67-89ab-cdef-012\n-000140f0: 332d 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 2072 3-456789abcdef r\n-00014100: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 oot. set pre\n-00014110: 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 fix=($root)/boot\n-00014120: 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 2854 6865 2027 /grub.. (The '\n-00014130: 7365 6172 6368 5f66 735f 7575 6964 2720 search_fs_uuid' \n-00014140: 6d6f 6475 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 module must be i\n-00014150: 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 ncluded in the c\n-00014160: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 666f 720a 7468 ore image for.th\n-00014170: 6973 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 6f20 776f is example to wo\n-00014180: 726b 2e29 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6d6f 7265 rk.).. In more\n-00014190: 2063 6f6d 706c 6578 2063 6173 6573 2c20 complex cases, \n-000141a0: 6974 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c it may be useful\n-000141b0: 2074 6f20 7265 6164 206f 7468 6572 2063 to read other c\n-000141c0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c onfiguration.fil\n-000141d0: 6573 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6672 6f6d es directly from\n-000141e0: 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f the embedded co\n-000141f0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-00014200: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 . This allows s\n-00014210: 7563 680a 7468 696e 6773 2061 7320 7265 uch.things as re\n-00014220: 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 ading files not \n-00014230: 6361 6c6c 6564 2027 6772 7562 2e63 6667 called 'grub.cfg\n-00014240: 272c 206f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 ', or reading fi\n-00014250: 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 0a64 6972 6563 les from a.direc\n-00014260: 746f 7279 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 tory other than \n-00014270: 7468 6174 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4227 that where GRUB'\n-00014280: 7320 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 756c s loadable modul\n-00014290: 6573 2061 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 es are installed\n-000142a0: 2e0a 546f 2064 6f20 7468 6973 2c20 696e ..To do this, in\n-000142b0: 636c 7564 6520 7468 6520 2763 6f6e 6669 clude the 'confi\n-000142c0: 6766 696c 6527 2061 6e64 2027 6e6f 726d gfile' and 'norm\n-000142d0: 616c 2720 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 696e 2074 al' modules in t\n-000142e0: 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 652c 2061 he core.image, a\n-000142f0: 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 nd embed a confi\n-00014300: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7468 guration file th\n-00014310: 6174 2075 7365 7320 7468 6520 2763 6f6e at uses the 'con\n-00014320: 6669 6766 696c 6527 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 figfile' command\n-00014330: 0a74 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 .to load another\n-00014340: 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c file. The foll\n-00014350: 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 owing example of\n-00014360: 2074 6869 7320 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 this also requi\n-00014370: 7265 7320 7468 650a 2765 6368 6f27 2c20 res the.'echo', \n-00014380: 2773 6561 7263 685f 6c61 6265 6c27 2c20 'search_label', \n-00014390: 616e 6420 2774 6573 7427 206d 6f64 756c and 'test' modul\n-000143a0: 6573 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 es to be include\n-000143b0: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d d in the core.im\n-000143c0: 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 age:.. searc\n-000143d0: 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 656c 2067 7275 6220 h.fs_label grub \n-000143e0: 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6966 205b 202d root. if [ -\n-000143f0: 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 e /boot/grub/exa\n-00014400: 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7431 2e63 6667 205d mple/test1.cfg ]\n-00014410: 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ; then. \n-00014420: 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 2472 6f6f set prefix=($roo\n-00014430: 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 t)/boot/grub. \n-00014440: 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 configfile\n-00014450: 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d /boot/grub/exam\n-00014460: 706c 652f 7465 7374 312e 6366 670a 2020 ple/test1.cfg. \n-00014470: 2020 2065 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 else. \n-00014480: 2069 6620 5b20 2d65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 if [ -e /boot/g\n-00014490: 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 rub/example/test\n-000144a0: 322e 6366 6720 5d3b 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2.cfg ]; then. \n-000144b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 set p\n-000144c0: 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f refix=($root)/bo\n-000144d0: 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot/grub. \n-000144e0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 configfile \n-000144f0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 /boot/grub/examp\n-00014500: 6c65 2f74 6573 7432 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 le/test2.cfg. \n-00014510: 2020 2020 2020 656c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 else. \n-00014520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f 2022 436f echo \"Co\n-00014530: 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6669 6e64 2061 6e20 uld not find an \n-00014540: 6578 616d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 example configur\n-00014550: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2122 0a20 2020 ation file!\". \n-00014560: 2020 2020 2020 6669 0a20 2020 2020 6669 fi. fi\n-00014570: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 .. The embedde\n-00014580: 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 d configuration \n-00014590: 6669 6c65 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e file may not con\n-000145a0: 7461 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 tain menu entrie\n-000145b0: 730a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6275 7420 s.directly, but \n-000145c0: 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 2072 6561 6420 7468 may only read th\n-000145d0: 656d 2066 726f 6d20 656c 7365 7768 6572 em from elsewher\n-000145e0: 6520 7573 696e 6720 2763 6f6e 6669 6766 e using 'configf\n-000145f0: 696c 6527 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ile'.....File: g\n-00014600: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00014610: 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d Theme file form\n-00014620: 6174 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204e 6574 776f at, Next: Netwo\n-00014630: 726b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6e 6669 rk, Prev: Confi\n-00014640: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 guration, Up: T\n-00014650: 6f70 0a0a 3720 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 op..7 Theme file\n-00014660: 2066 6f72 6d61 740a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a format.********\n-00014670: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a37 2e31 ***********..7.1\n-00014680: 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 3d3d Introduction.==\n-00014690: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-000146a0: 5468 6520 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 The GRUB graphic\n-000146b0: 616c 206d 656e 7520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 al menu supports\n-000146c0: 2074 6865 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2063 616e themes that can\n-000146d0: 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 2074 6865 206c customize the l\n-000146e0: 6179 6f75 740a 616e 6420 6170 7065 6172 ayout.and appear\n-000146f0: 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6520 4752 5542 ance of the GRUB\n-00014700: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2054 6865 boot menu. The\n-00014710: 2074 6865 6d65 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 theme is config\n-00014720: 7572 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2061 0a70 ured through a.p\n-00014730: 6c61 696e 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 2074 lain text file t\n-00014740: 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 hat specifies th\n-00014750: 6520 6c61 796f 7574 206f 6620 7468 6520 e layout of the \n-00014760: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 4755 4920 636f 6d70 various GUI comp\n-00014770: 6f6e 656e 7473 0a28 696e 636c 7564 696e onents.(includin\n-00014780: 6720 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 752c g the boot menu,\n-00014790: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2070 726f 6772 6573 timeout progres\n-000147a0: 7320 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2074 6578 7420 s bar, and text \n-000147b0: 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2920 6173 0a77 656c messages) as.wel\n-000147c0: 6c20 6173 2074 6865 2061 7070 6561 7261 l as the appeara\n-000147d0: 6e63 6520 7573 696e 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 nce using colors\n-000147e0: 2c20 666f 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6d61 , fonts, and ima\n-000147f0: 6765 732e 2020 4578 616d 706c 6520 6973 ges. Example is\n-00014800: 0a61 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 646f .available in do\n-00014810: 6373 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 5f74 6865 6d65 cs/example_theme\n-00014820: 2e74 7874 0a0a 372e 3220 5468 656d 6520 .txt..7.2 Theme \n-00014830: 456c 656d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Elements.=======\n-00014840: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a37 2e32 ===========..7.2\n-00014850: 2e31 2043 6f6c 6f72 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .1 Colors.------\n-00014860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 436f 6c6f 7273 2063 ------..Colors c\n-00014870: 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 an be specified \n-00014880: 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 733a in several ways:\n-00014890: 0a0a 2020 202a 2048 544d 4c2d 7374 796c .. * HTML-styl\n-000148a0: 6520 2223 5252 4747 4242 2220 6f72 2022 e \"#RRGGBB\" or \"\n-000148b0: 2352 4742 2220 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7768 #RGB\" format, wh\n-000148c0: 6572 6520 2a52 2a2c 202a 472a 2c20 616e ere *R*, *G*, an\n-000148d0: 6420 2a42 2a20 6172 650a 2020 2020 2068 d *B* are. h\n-000148e0: 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 exadecimal digit\n-000148f0: 7320 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 2338 3839 3946 s (e.g., \"#8899F\n-00014900: 4622 290a 2020 202a 2061 7320 636f 6d6d F\"). * as comm\n-00014910: 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6465 6369 a-separated deci\n-00014920: 6d61 6c20 5247 4220 7661 6c75 6573 2028 mal RGB values (\n-00014930: 652e 672e 2c20 2231 3238 2c20 3132 382c e.g., \"128, 128,\n-00014940: 2032 3535 2229 0a20 2020 2a20 7769 7468 255\"). * with\n-00014950: 2022 5356 4720 312e 3020 636f 6c6f 7220 \"SVG 1.0 color \n-00014960: 6e61 6d65 7322 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2263 names\" (e.g., \"c\n-00014970: 6f72 6e66 6c6f 7765 7262 6c75 6522 2920 ornflowerblue\") \n-00014980: 7768 6963 6820 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 which must be. \n-00014990: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 specified in \n-000149a0: 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 652e 0a0a 372e 322e lowercase...7.2.\n-000149b0: 3220 466f 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2 Fonts.--------\n-000149c0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6e 7473 2047 ---..The fonts G\n-000149d0: 5255 4220 7573 6573 2022 5046 4632 2066 RUB uses \"PFF2 f\n-000149e0: 6f6e 7420 666f 726d 6174 2220 6269 746d ont format\" bitm\n-000149f0: 6170 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 2046 6f6e 7473 ap fonts. Fonts\n-00014a00: 2061 7265 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 are.specified w\n-00014a10: 6974 6820 6675 6c6c 2066 6f6e 7420 6e61 ith full font na\n-00014a20: 6d65 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 mes. Currently \n-00014a30: 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7072 6f76 there is no prov\n-00014a40: 6973 696f 6e20 666f 7220 610a 7072 6566 ision for a.pref\n-00014a50: 6572 656e 6365 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 erence list of f\n-00014a60: 6f6e 7473 2c20 6f72 2064 6572 6976 696e onts, or derivin\n-00014a70: 6720 6f6e 6520 666f 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 g one font from \n-00014a80: 616e 6f74 6865 722e 2020 466f 6e74 7320 another. Fonts \n-00014a90: 6172 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2077 6974 6820 are.loaded with \n-00014aa0: 7468 6520 226c 6f61 6466 6f6e 7422 2063 the \"loadfont\" c\n-00014ab0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 ommand in GRUB (\n-00014ac0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 3a3a *note loadfont::\n-00014ad0: 292e 2020 546f 2073 6565 0a74 6865 206c ). To see.the l\n-00014ae0: 6973 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f ist of loaded fo\n-00014af0: 6e74 732c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 nts, execute the\n-00014b00: 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2063 6f6d 6d61 \"lsfonts\" comma\n-00014b10: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 666f 6e74 nd (*note.lsfont\n-00014b20: 733a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 s::). If there \n-00014b30: 6172 6520 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 2066 6f6e are too many fon\n-00014b40: 7473 2074 6f20 6669 7420 6f6e 2073 6372 ts to fit on scr\n-00014b50: 6565 6e2c 2064 6f20 2273 6574 0a70 6167 een, do \"set.pag\n-00014b60: 6572 3d31 2220 6265 666f 7265 2065 7865 er=1\" before exe\n-00014b70: 6375 7469 6e67 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 cuting \"lsfonts\"\n-00014b80: 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e33 2050 726f 6772 6573 ...7.2.3 Progres\n-00014b90: 7320 4261 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s Bar.----------\n-00014ba0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 --------..Figure\n-00014bb0: 2037 2e31 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 2037 2e32 7.1..Figure 7.2\n-00014bc0: 0a0a 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 ..Progress bars \n-00014bd0: 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6469 7370 are used to disp\n-00014be0: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e lay the remainin\n-00014bf0: 6720 7469 6d65 2062 6566 6f72 6520 4752 g time before GR\n-00014c00: 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 0a74 6865 2064 6566 UB boots.the def\n-00014c10: 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e ault menu entry.\n-00014c20: 2020 546f 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 7072 To create a pr\n-00014c30: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2074 6861 7420 ogress bar that \n-00014c40: 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 will display the\n-00014c50: 0a72 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 696d 6520 .remaining time \n-00014c60: 6265 666f 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 before automatic\n-00014c70: 2062 6f6f 742c 2073 696d 706c 7920 6372 boot, simply cr\n-00014c80: 6561 7465 2061 2022 7072 6f67 7265 7373 eate a \"progress\n-00014c90: 5f62 6172 220a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 _bar\".component \n-00014ca0: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6420 225f 5f74 with the id \"__t\n-00014cb0: 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 222e 2020 5468 6973 imeout__\". This\n-00014cc0: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6f20 4752 indicates to GR\n-00014cd0: 5542 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 7072 6f67 UB that the.prog\n-00014ce0: 7265 7373 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 ress bar should \n-00014cf0: 6265 2075 7064 6174 6564 2061 7320 7469 be updated as ti\n-00014d00: 6d65 2070 6173 7365 732c 2061 6e64 2069 me passes, and i\n-00014d10: 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6d61 6465 t should be made\n-00014d20: 0a69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2069 6620 7468 .invisible if th\n-00014d30: 6520 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 746f 2061 e countdown to a\n-00014d40: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 utomatic boot is\n-00014d50: 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 2062 7920 interrupted by \n-00014d60: 7468 6520 7573 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5072 the user... Pr\n-00014d70: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 6d61 7920 ogress bars may \n-00014d80: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2068 6176 6520 optionally have \n-00014d90: 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 206f text displayed o\n-00014da0: 6e20 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7465 n them. This te\n-00014db0: 7874 0a69 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 xt.is controlled\n-00014dc0: 2062 7920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2022 7465 by variable \"te\n-00014dd0: 7874 2220 7768 6963 6820 636f 6e74 6169 xt\" which contai\n-00014de0: 6e73 2061 2070 7269 6e74 6620 7465 6d70 ns a printf temp\n-00014df0: 6c61 7465 2077 6974 680a 7468 6520 6f6e late with.the on\n-00014e00: 6c79 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 2564 2069 ly argument %d i\n-00014e10: 7320 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 s the number of \n-00014e20: 7365 636f 6e64 7320 7265 6d61 696e 696e seconds remainin\n-00014e30: 672e 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 g. Additionally\n-00014e40: 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2076 616c 7565 7320 .special values \n-00014e50: 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIFI\n-00014e60: 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 4022 2c0a CATION_SHORT@\",.\n-00014e70: 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIFI\n-00014e80: 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 222c CATION_MIDDLE@\",\n-00014e90: 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIF\n-00014ea0: 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 4022 2061 ICATION_LONG@\" a\n-00014eb0: 7265 0a72 6570 6c61 6365 6420 7769 7468 re.replaced with\n-00014ec0: 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 616e 6420 7472 standard and tr\n-00014ed0: 616e 736c 6174 6564 2074 656d 706c 6174 anslated templat\n-00014ee0: 6573 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e34 2043 6972 6375 es...7.2.4 Circu\n-00014ef0: 6c61 7220 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2049 6e64 lar Progress Ind\n-00014f00: 6963 6174 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d icator.---------\n+00013ba0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 7375 7070 =====..GRUB supp\n+00013bb0: 6f72 7473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2061 orts embedding a\n+00013bc0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00013bd0: 696c 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 ile directly int\n+00013be0: 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 0a69 6d61 6765 o the core.image\n+00013bf0: 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 , so that it is \n+00013c00: 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 656e loaded before en\n+00013c10: 7465 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f tering normal mo\n+00013c20: 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a75 7365 de. This is.use\n+00013c30: 6675 6c2c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 ful, for example\n+00013c40: 2c20 7768 656e 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 , when it is not\n+00013c50: 2073 7472 6169 6768 7466 6f72 7761 7264 straightforward\n+00013c60: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 2072 6561 to find the rea\n+00013c70: 6c0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 l.configuration \n+00013c80: 6669 6c65 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 796f file, or when yo\n+00013c90: 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6275 6720 u need to debug \n+00013ca0: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 6820 6c6f problems with lo\n+00013cb0: 6164 696e 6720 7468 6174 0a66 696c 652e ading that.file.\n+00013cc0: 2020 2767 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c27 'grub-install'\n+00013cd0: 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 uses this featu\n+00013ce0: 7265 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2069 7320 6e6f re when it is no\n+00013cf0: 7420 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 2064 6973 t using BIOS dis\n+00013d00: 6b0a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 2077 k.functions or w\n+00013d10: 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 hen installing t\n+00013d20: 6f20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6469 o a different di\n+00013d30: 736b 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 sk from the one \n+00013d40: 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 0a27 2f62 6f6f containing.'/boo\n+00013d50: 742f 6772 7562 272c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 t/grub', in whic\n+00013d60: 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 6e65 6564 7320 h case it needs \n+00013d70: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2027 7365 6172 to use the 'sear\n+00013d80: 6368 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ch' command (*no\n+00013d90: 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 te.search::) to \n+00013da0: 6669 6e64 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 find '/boot/grub\n+00013db0: 272e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 656d 6265 6420 '... To embed \n+00013dc0: 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 a configuration \n+00013dd0: 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 272d file, use the '-\n+00013de0: 6327 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 2027 6772 c' option to 'gr\n+00013df0: 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 272e 0a54 6865 ub-mkimage'..The\n+00013e00: 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f70 6965 6420 file is copied \n+00013e10: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d into the core im\n+00013e20: 6167 652c 2073 6f20 6974 206d 6179 2072 age, so it may r\n+00013e30: 6573 6964 6520 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f eside anywhere o\n+00013e40: 6e20 7468 650a 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 n the.file syste\n+00013e50: 6d2c 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7265 m, and may be re\n+00013e60: 6d6f 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 7275 6e6e moved after runn\n+00013e70: 696e 6720 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 ing 'grub-mkimag\n+00013e80: 6527 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 7465 7220 7468 e'... After th\n+00013e90: 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 e embedded confi\n+00013ea0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 2869 guration file (i\n+00013eb0: 6620 616e 7929 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 f any) is execut\n+00013ec0: 6564 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 6c6f ed, GRUB will.lo\n+00013ed0: 6164 2074 6865 2027 6e6f 726d 616c 2720 ad the 'normal' \n+00013ee0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f module (*note no\n+00013ef0: 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2077 6869 6368 2077 rmal::), which w\n+00013f00: 696c 6c20 7468 656e 2072 6561 6420 7468 ill then read th\n+00013f10: 6520 7265 616c 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 e real.configura\n+00013f20: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6672 6f6d 2027 tion file from '\n+00013f30: 2470 7265 6669 782f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 $prefix/grub.cfg\n+00013f40: 272e 2020 4279 2074 6869 7320 706f 696e '. By this poin\n+00013f50: 742c 2074 6865 2027 726f 6f74 270a 7661 t, the 'root'.va\n+00013f60: 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f riable will also\n+00013f70: 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 2073 6574 2074 have been set t\n+00013f80: 6f20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 o the root devic\n+00013f90: 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 e name. For exa\n+00013fa0: 6d70 6c65 2c0a 2770 7265 6669 7827 206d mple,.'prefix' m\n+00013fb0: 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2027 ight be set to '\n+00013fc0: 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 (hd0,1)/boot/gru\n+00013fd0: 6227 2c20 616e 6420 2772 6f6f 7427 206d b', and 'root' m\n+00013fe0: 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 0a27 ight be set to.'\n+00013ff0: 6864 302c 3127 2e20 2054 6875 732c 2069 hd0,1'. Thus, i\n+00014000: 6e20 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 n most cases, th\n+00014010: 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 e embedded confi\n+00014020: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6f6e guration file on\n+00014030: 6c79 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 7365 7420 ly.needs to set \n+00014040: 7468 6520 2770 7265 6669 7827 2061 6e64 the 'prefix' and\n+00014050: 2027 726f 6f74 2720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 'root' variable\n+00014060: 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 6472 6f70 s, and then drop\n+00014070: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6f0a 4752 5542 through to.GRUB\n+00014080: 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7072 6f63 6573 's normal proces\n+00014090: 7369 6e67 2e20 2041 2074 7970 6963 616c sing. A typical\n+000140a0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 7468 6973 example of this\n+000140b0: 206d 6967 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 might look like\n+000140c0: 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 .this:.. sea\n+000140d0: 7263 682e 6673 5f75 7569 6420 3031 3233 rch.fs_uuid 0123\n+000140e0: 3435 3637 2d38 3961 622d 6364 6566 2d30 4567-89ab-cdef-0\n+000140f0: 3132 332d 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 123-456789abcdef\n+00014100: 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 root. set p\n+00014110: 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f refix=($root)/bo\n+00014120: 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 2854 6865 ot/grub.. (The\n+00014130: 2027 7365 6172 6368 5f66 735f 7575 6964 'search_fs_uuid\n+00014140: 2720 6d6f 6475 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 ' module must be\n+00014150: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 included in the\n+00014160: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 666f 720a core image for.\n+00014170: 7468 6973 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 6f20 this example to \n+00014180: 776f 726b 2e29 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6d6f work.).. In mo\n+00014190: 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6578 2063 6173 6573 re complex cases\n+000141a0: 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6566 , it may be usef\n+000141b0: 756c 2074 6f20 7265 6164 206f 7468 6572 ul to read other\n+000141c0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 configuration.f\n+000141d0: 696c 6573 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6672 iles directly fr\n+000141e0: 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 om the embedded \n+000141f0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+00014200: 6c65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 le. This allows\n+00014210: 2073 7563 680a 7468 696e 6773 2061 7320 such.things as \n+00014220: 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f reading files no\n+00014230: 7420 6361 6c6c 6564 2027 6772 7562 2e63 t called 'grub.c\n+00014240: 6667 272c 206f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 fg', or reading \n+00014250: 6669 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 0a64 6972 files from a.dir\n+00014260: 6563 746f 7279 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 ectory other tha\n+00014270: 6e20 7468 6174 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 n that where GRU\n+00014280: 4227 7320 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 B's loadable mod\n+00014290: 756c 6573 2061 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ules are install\n+000142a0: 6564 2e0a 546f 2064 6f20 7468 6973 2c20 ed..To do this, \n+000142b0: 696e 636c 7564 6520 7468 6520 2763 6f6e include the 'con\n+000142c0: 6669 6766 696c 6527 2061 6e64 2027 6e6f figfile' and 'no\n+000142d0: 726d 616c 2720 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 696e rmal' modules in\n+000142e0: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 652c the core.image,\n+000142f0: 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2063 6f6e and embed a con\n+00014300: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n+00014310: 7468 6174 2075 7365 7320 7468 6520 2763 that uses the 'c\n+00014320: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6527 2063 6f6d 6d61 onfigfile' comma\n+00014330: 6e64 0a74 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 nd.to load anoth\n+00014340: 6572 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f er file. The fo\n+00014350: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 llowing example \n+00014360: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 616c 736f 2072 6571 of this also req\n+00014370: 7569 7265 7320 7468 650a 2765 6368 6f27 uires the.'echo'\n+00014380: 2c20 2773 6561 7263 685f 6c61 6265 6c27 , 'search_label'\n+00014390: 2c20 616e 6420 2774 6573 7427 206d 6f64 , and 'test' mod\n+000143a0: 756c 6573 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 ules to be inclu\n+000143b0: 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a ded in the core.\n+000143c0: 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 image:.. sea\n+000143d0: 7263 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 656c 2067 7275 rch.fs_label gru\n+000143e0: 6220 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6966 205b b root. if [\n+000143f0: 202d 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 -e /boot/grub/e\n+00014400: 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7431 2e63 6667 xample/test1.cfg\n+00014410: 205d 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ]; then. \n+00014420: 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 2472 set prefix=($r\n+00014430: 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 oot)/boot/grub. \n+00014440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 configfi\n+00014450: 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 le /boot/grub/ex\n+00014460: 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 312e 6366 670a ample/test1.cfg.\n+00014470: 2020 2020 2065 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2020 else. \n+00014480: 2020 2069 6620 5b20 2d65 202f 626f 6f74 if [ -e /boot\n+00014490: 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 /grub/example/te\n+000144a0: 7374 322e 6366 6720 5d3b 2074 6865 6e0a st2.cfg ]; then.\n+000144b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6574 set\n+000144c0: 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f prefix=($root)/\n+000144d0: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2020 boot/grub. \n+000144e0: 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c configfil\n+000144f0: 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 e /boot/grub/exa\n+00014500: 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7432 2e63 6667 0a20 mple/test2.cfg. \n+00014510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c 7365 0a20 2020 else. \n+00014520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f 2022 echo \"\n+00014530: 436f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6669 6e64 2061 Could not find a\n+00014540: 6e20 6578 616d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 n example config\n+00014550: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2122 0a20 uration file!\". \n+00014560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 0a20 2020 2020 fi. \n+00014570: 6669 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 6d62 6564 fi.. The embed\n+00014580: 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ded configuratio\n+00014590: 6e20 6669 6c65 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2063 n file may not c\n+000145a0: 6f6e 7461 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ontain menu entr\n+000145b0: 6965 730a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6275 ies.directly, bu\n+000145c0: 7420 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 2072 6561 6420 t may only read \n+000145d0: 7468 656d 2066 726f 6d20 656c 7365 7768 them from elsewh\n+000145e0: 6572 6520 7573 696e 6720 2763 6f6e 6669 ere using 'confi\n+000145f0: 6766 696c 6527 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a gfile'.....File:\n+00014600: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00014610: 653a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f e: Theme file fo\n+00014620: 726d 6174 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204e 6574 rmat, Next: Net\n+00014630: 776f 726b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6e work, Prev: Con\n+00014640: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a figuration, Up:\n+00014650: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3720 5468 656d 6520 6669 Top..7 Theme fi\n+00014660: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 740a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a le format.******\n+00014670: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a37 *************..7\n+00014680: 2e31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a .1 Introduction.\n+00014690: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000146a0: 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 ..The GRUB graph\n+000146b0: 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7375 7070 6f72 ical menu suppor\n+000146c0: 7473 2074 6865 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2063 ts themes that c\n+000146d0: 616e 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 2074 6865 an customize the\n+000146e0: 206c 6179 6f75 740a 616e 6420 6170 7065 layout.and appe\n+000146f0: 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6520 4752 arance of the GR\n+00014700: 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2054 UB boot menu. T\n+00014710: 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2069 7320 636f 6e66 he theme is conf\n+00014720: 6967 7572 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2061 igured through a\n+00014730: 0a70 6c61 696e 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 .plain text file\n+00014740: 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 that specifies \n+00014750: 7468 6520 6c61 796f 7574 206f 6620 7468 the layout of th\n+00014760: 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 4755 4920 636f e various GUI co\n+00014770: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a28 696e 636c 7564 mponents.(includ\n+00014780: 696e 6720 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e ing the boot men\n+00014790: 752c 2074 696d 656f 7574 2070 726f 6772 u, timeout progr\n+000147a0: 6573 7320 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2074 6578 ess bar, and tex\n+000147b0: 7420 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2920 6173 0a77 t messages) as.w\n+000147c0: 656c 6c20 6173 2074 6865 2061 7070 6561 ell as the appea\n+000147d0: 7261 6e63 6520 7573 696e 6720 636f 6c6f rance using colo\n+000147e0: 7273 2c20 666f 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2069 rs, fonts, and i\n+000147f0: 6d61 6765 732e 2020 4578 616d 706c 6520 mages. Example \n+00014800: 6973 0a61 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 is.available in \n+00014810: 646f 6373 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 5f74 6865 docs/example_the\n+00014820: 6d65 2e74 7874 0a0a 372e 3220 5468 656d me.txt..7.2 Them\n+00014830: 6520 456c 656d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d e Elements.=====\n+00014840: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a37 =============..7\n+00014850: 2e32 2e31 2043 6f6c 6f72 730a 2d2d 2d2d .2.1 Colors.----\n+00014860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 436f 6c6f 7273 --------..Colors\n+00014870: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 can be specifie\n+00014880: 6420 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 d in several way\n+00014890: 733a 0a0a 2020 202a 2048 544d 4c2d 7374 s:.. * HTML-st\n+000148a0: 796c 6520 2223 5252 4747 4242 2220 6f72 yle \"#RRGGBB\" or\n+000148b0: 2022 2352 4742 2220 666f 726d 6174 2c20 \"#RGB\" format, \n+000148c0: 7768 6572 6520 2a52 2a2c 202a 472a 2c20 where *R*, *G*, \n+000148d0: 616e 6420 2a42 2a20 6172 650a 2020 2020 and *B* are. \n+000148e0: 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 hexadecimal dig\n+000148f0: 6974 7320 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 2338 3839 its (e.g., \"#889\n+00014900: 3946 4622 290a 2020 202a 2061 7320 636f 9FF\"). * as co\n+00014910: 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6465 mma-separated de\n+00014920: 6369 6d61 6c20 5247 4220 7661 6c75 6573 cimal RGB values\n+00014930: 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2231 3238 2c20 3132 (e.g., \"128, 12\n+00014940: 382c 2032 3535 2229 0a20 2020 2a20 7769 8, 255\"). * wi\n+00014950: 7468 2022 5356 4720 312e 3020 636f 6c6f th \"SVG 1.0 colo\n+00014960: 7220 6e61 6d65 7322 2028 652e 672e 2c20 r names\" (e.g., \n+00014970: 2263 6f72 6e66 6c6f 7765 7262 6c75 6522 \"cornflowerblue\"\n+00014980: 2920 7768 6963 6820 6d75 7374 2062 650a ) which must be.\n+00014990: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 specified i\n+000149a0: 6e20 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 652e 0a0a 372e n lowercase...7.\n+000149b0: 322e 3220 466f 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2.2 Fonts.------\n+000149c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6e 7473 -----..The fonts\n+000149d0: 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2022 5046 4632 GRUB uses \"PFF2\n+000149e0: 2066 6f6e 7420 666f 726d 6174 2220 6269 font format\" bi\n+000149f0: 746d 6170 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 2046 6f6e tmap fonts. Fon\n+00014a00: 7473 2061 7265 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 ts are.specified\n+00014a10: 2077 6974 6820 6675 6c6c 2066 6f6e 7420 with full font \n+00014a20: 6e61 6d65 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c names. Currentl\n+00014a30: 7920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7072 y there is no pr\n+00014a40: 6f76 6973 696f 6e20 666f 7220 610a 7072 ovision for a.pr\n+00014a50: 6566 6572 656e 6365 206c 6973 7420 6f66 eference list of\n+00014a60: 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 6f72 2064 6572 6976 fonts, or deriv\n+00014a70: 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 666f 6e74 2066 726f ing one font fro\n+00014a80: 6d20 616e 6f74 6865 722e 2020 466f 6e74 m another. Font\n+00014a90: 7320 6172 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2077 6974 s are.loaded wit\n+00014aa0: 6820 7468 6520 226c 6f61 6466 6f6e 7422 h the \"loadfont\"\n+00014ab0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 4752 5542 command in GRUB\n+00014ac0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 (*note loadfont\n+00014ad0: 3a3a 292e 2020 546f 2073 6565 0a74 6865 ::). To see.the\n+00014ae0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 6465 6420 list of loaded \n+00014af0: 666f 6e74 732c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 fonts, execute t\n+00014b00: 6865 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2063 6f6d he \"lsfonts\" com\n+00014b10: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 666f mand (*note.lsfo\n+00014b20: 6e74 733a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 nts::). If ther\n+00014b30: 6520 6172 6520 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 2066 e are too many f\n+00014b40: 6f6e 7473 2074 6f20 6669 7420 6f6e 2073 onts to fit on s\n+00014b50: 6372 6565 6e2c 2064 6f20 2273 6574 0a70 creen, do \"set.p\n+00014b60: 6167 6572 3d31 2220 6265 666f 7265 2065 ager=1\" before e\n+00014b70: 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 xecuting \"lsfont\n+00014b80: 7322 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e33 2050 726f 6772 s\"...7.2.3 Progr\n+00014b90: 6573 7320 4261 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ess Bar.--------\n+00014ba0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4669 6775 ----------..Figu\n+00014bb0: 7265 2037 2e31 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 2037 re 7.1..Figure 7\n+00014bc0: 2e32 0a0a 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 .2..Progress bar\n+00014bd0: 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6469 s are used to di\n+00014be0: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e splay the remain\n+00014bf0: 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2062 6566 6f72 6520 ing time before \n+00014c00: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 0a74 6865 2064 GRUB boots.the d\n+00014c10: 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 efault menu entr\n+00014c20: 792e 2020 546f 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 y. To create a \n+00014c30: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2074 6861 progress bar tha\n+00014c40: 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 t will display t\n+00014c50: 6865 0a72 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 696d he.remaining tim\n+00014c60: 6520 6265 666f 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 e before automat\n+00014c70: 6963 2062 6f6f 742c 2073 696d 706c 7920 ic boot, simply \n+00014c80: 6372 6561 7465 2061 2022 7072 6f67 7265 create a \"progre\n+00014c90: 7373 5f62 6172 220a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e ss_bar\".componen\n+00014ca0: 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6420 225f t with the id \"_\n+00014cb0: 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 222e 2020 5468 _timeout__\". Th\n+00014cc0: 6973 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6f20 is indicates to \n+00014cd0: 4752 5542 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 7072 GRUB that the.pr\n+00014ce0: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c ogress bar shoul\n+00014cf0: 6420 6265 2075 7064 6174 6564 2061 7320 d be updated as \n+00014d00: 7469 6d65 2070 6173 7365 732c 2061 6e64 time passes, and\n+00014d10: 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6d61 it should be ma\n+00014d20: 6465 0a69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2069 6620 de.invisible if \n+00014d30: 7468 6520 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 746f the countdown to\n+00014d40: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 7420 automatic boot \n+00014d50: 6973 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 2062 is interrupted b\n+00014d60: 7920 7468 6520 7573 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 y the user... \n+00014d70: 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 6d61 Progress bars ma\n+00014d80: 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2068 6176 y optionally hav\n+00014d90: 6520 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 e text displayed\n+00014da0: 206f 6e20 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 on them. This \n+00014db0: 7465 7874 0a69 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c text.is controll\n+00014dc0: 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2022 ed by variable \"\n+00014dd0: 7465 7874 2220 7768 6963 6820 636f 6e74 text\" which cont\n+00014de0: 6169 6e73 2061 2070 7269 6e74 6620 7465 ains a printf te\n+00014df0: 6d70 6c61 7465 2077 6974 680a 7468 6520 mplate with.the \n+00014e00: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 2564 only argument %d\n+00014e10: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f is the number o\n+00014e20: 6620 7365 636f 6e64 7320 7265 6d61 696e f seconds remain\n+00014e30: 696e 672e 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c ing. Additional\n+00014e40: 6c79 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2076 616c 7565 ly.special value\n+00014e50: 7320 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 s \"@TIMEOUT_NOTI\n+00014e60: 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 4022 FICATION_SHORT@\"\n+00014e70: 2c0a 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 ,.\"@TIMEOUT_NOTI\n+00014e80: 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 FICATION_MIDDLE@\n+00014e90: 222c 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 \", \"@TIMEOUT_NOT\n+00014ea0: 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 4022 IFICATION_LONG@\"\n+00014eb0: 2061 7265 0a72 6570 6c61 6365 6420 7769 are.replaced wi\n+00014ec0: 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 616e 6420 th standard and \n+00014ed0: 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2074 656d 706c translated templ\n+00014ee0: 6174 6573 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e34 2043 6972 ates...7.2.4 Cir\n+00014ef0: 6375 6c61 7220 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2049 cular Progress I\n+00014f00: 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ndicator.-------\n 00014f10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00014f20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6369 --------..The ci\n-00014f30: 7263 756c 6172 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 rcular progress \n-00014f40: 696e 6469 6361 746f 7220 6675 6e63 7469 indicator functi\n-00014f50: 6f6e 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 726c 7920 746f ons similarly to\n-00014f60: 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 the progress ba\n-00014f70: 722e 0a57 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 616e r..When given an\n-00014f80: 2069 6420 6f66 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 id of \"__timeou\n-00014f90: 745f 5f22 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7064 6174 t__\", GRUB updat\n-00014fa0: 6573 2074 6865 2063 6972 6375 6c61 7220 es the circular \n-00014fb0: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 progress.indicat\n-00014fc0: 6f72 2773 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 696e or's value to in\n-00014fd0: 6469 6361 7465 2074 6865 2074 696d 6520 dicate the time \n-00014fe0: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 466f 7220 remaining. For \n-00014ff0: 7468 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 0a70 726f the circular.pro\n-00015000: 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 722c gress indicator,\n-00015010: 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f 2069 there are two i\n-00015020: 6d61 6765 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 mages used to re\n-00015030: 6e64 6572 2069 743a 2074 6865 202a 6365 nder it: the *ce\n-00015040: 6e74 6572 2a0a 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 nter*.image, and\n-00015050: 2074 6865 202a 7469 636b 2a20 696d 6167 the *tick* imag\n-00015060: 652e 2020 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2069 e. The center i\n-00015070: 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7265 6e64 6572 6564 mage is rendered\n-00015080: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 0a6f in the center.o\n-00015090: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742c f the component,\n-000150a0: 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 while the tick \n-000150b0: 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 746f image is used to\n-000150c0: 2072 656e 6465 7220 6561 6368 206d 6172 render each mar\n-000150d0: 6b20 616c 6f6e 670a 7468 6520 6369 7263 k along.the circ\n-000150e0: 756d 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 umference of the\n-000150f0: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e0a 0a37 2e32 indicator...7.2\n-00015100: 2e35 204c 6162 656c 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .5 Labels.------\n-00015110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5465 7874 206c 6162 ------..Text lab\n-00015120: 656c 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2070 6c61 6365 els can be place\n-00015130: 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7363 d on the boot sc\n-00015140: 7265 656e 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 742c reen. The font,\n-00015150: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2c20 616e 640a 686f 7269 color, and.hori\n-00015160: 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 zontal alignment\n-00015170: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 can be specifie\n-00015180: 6420 666f 7220 6c61 6265 6c73 2e20 2049 d for labels. 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It is a \n-00015330: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6974 656d 732c 2077 list of items, w\n-00015340: 6865 7265 2065 6163 6820 6974 656d 2068 here each item h\n-00015350: 6173 2061 2074 6974 6c65 2061 6e64 2061 as a title and a\n-00015360: 6e0a 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 636f 6e2e n.optional icon.\n-00015370: 2020 5468 6520 6963 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 The icon is se\n-00015380: 6c65 6374 6564 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 lected based on \n-00015390: 7468 6520 2a63 6c61 7373 6573 2a20 7370 the *classes* sp\n-000153a0: 6563 6966 6965 640a 666f 7220 7468 6520 ecified.for the \n-000153b0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2049 6620 menu entry. 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A styled b\n-000155a0: 6f78 2069 7320 636f 6d70 6f73 6564 206f ox is composed o\n-000155b0: 6620 3920 7265 6374 616e 6775 6c61 7220 f 9 rectangular \n-000155c0: 2861 6e64 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 (and.potentially\n-000155d0: 2065 6d70 7479 2920 7265 6769 6f6e 732c empty) regions,\n-000155e0: 2077 6869 6368 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 which are used \n-000155f0: 746f 2073 6561 6d6c 6573 736c 7920 6472 to seamlessly dr\n-00015600: 6177 2074 6865 2073 7479 6c65 640a 626f aw the styled.bo\n-00015610: 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e3a 0a0a 4e6f x on screen:..No\n-00015620: 7274 6877 6573 7420 286e 7729 2020 2020 rthwest (nw) \n-00015630: 2020 2020 204e 6f72 7468 2028 6e29 2020 North (n) \n-00015640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7274 Nort\n-00015650: 6865 6173 7420 286e 6529 0a57 6573 7420 heast (ne).West \n-00015660: 2877 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (w) \n-00015670: 2020 4365 6e74 6572 2028 6329 2020 2020 Center (c) \n-00015680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6173 7420 2865 East (e\n-00015690: 290a 536f 7574 6877 6573 7420 2873 7729 ).Southwest (sw)\n-000156a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6f75 7468 2028 South (\n-000156b0: 7329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s) \n-000156c0: 536f 7574 6865 6173 7420 2873 6529 0a0a Southeast (se)..\n-000156d0: 2020 2054 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616e To support an\n-000156e0: 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 626f 7820 6f6e y size of box on\n-000156f0: 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2074 6865 2063 656e screen, the cen\n-00015700: 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 616e 6420 7468 ter slice and th\n-00015710: 6520 736c 6963 6573 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 e slices.for the\n-00015720: 2074 6f70 2c20 626f 7474 6f6d 2c20 616e top, bottom, an\n-00015730: 6420 7369 6465 7320 6172 6520 616c 6c20 d sides are all \n-00015740: 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f scaled to the co\n-00015750: 7272 6563 7420 7369 7a65 2066 6f72 0a74 rrect size for.t\n-00015760: 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206f 6e20 he component on \n-00015770: 7363 7265 656e 2c20 7573 696e 6720 7468 screen, using th\n-00015780: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7275 6c65 e following rule\n-00015790: 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2054 6865 2065 6467 s:.. 1. 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A styled\n+000155a0: 2062 6f78 2069 7320 636f 6d70 6f73 6564 box is composed\n+000155b0: 206f 6620 3920 7265 6374 616e 6775 6c61 of 9 rectangula\n+000155c0: 7220 2861 6e64 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 616c r (and.potential\n+000155d0: 6c79 2065 6d70 7479 2920 7265 6769 6f6e ly empty) region\n+000155e0: 732c 2077 6869 6368 2061 7265 2075 7365 s, which are use\n+000155f0: 6420 746f 2073 6561 6d6c 6573 736c 7920 d to seamlessly \n+00015600: 6472 6177 2074 6865 2073 7479 6c65 640a draw the styled.\n+00015610: 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e3a 0a0a box on screen:..\n+00015620: 4e6f 7274 6877 6573 7420 286e 7729 2020 Northwest (nw) \n+00015630: 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f72 7468 2028 6e29 North (n)\n+00015640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f No\n+00015650: 7274 6865 6173 7420 286e 6529 0a57 6573 rtheast (ne).Wes\n+00015660: 7420 2877 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t (w) \n+00015670: 2020 2020 4365 6e74 6572 2028 6329 2020 Center (c) \n+00015680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6173 7420 East \n+00015690: 2865 290a 536f 7574 6877 6573 7420 2873 (e).Southwest (s\n+000156a0: 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6f75 7468 w) South\n+000156b0: 2028 7329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (s) \n+000156c0: 2020 536f 7574 6865 6173 7420 2873 6529 Southeast (se)\n+000156d0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 .. To support \n+000156e0: 616e 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 626f 7820 any size of box \n+000156f0: 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2074 6865 2063 on screen, the c\n+00015700: 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 616e 6420 enter slice and \n+00015710: 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 0a66 6f72 2074 the slices.for t\n+00015720: 6865 2074 6f70 2c20 626f 7474 6f6d 2c20 he top, bottom, \n+00015730: 616e 6420 7369 6465 7320 6172 6520 616c and sides are al\n+00015740: 6c20 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 l scaled to the \n+00015750: 636f 7272 6563 7420 7369 7a65 2066 6f72 correct size for\n+00015760: 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206f .the component o\n+00015770: 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2c20 7573 696e 6720 n screen, using \n+00015780: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7275 the following ru\n+00015790: 6c65 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2054 6865 2065 les:.. 1. The e\n+000157a0: 6467 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 dge slices (nort\n+000157b0: 682c 2073 6f75 7468 2c20 6561 7374 2c20 h, south, east, \n+000157c0: 616e 6420 7765 7374 2920 6172 6520 7363 and west) are sc\n+000157d0: 616c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 aled in the. \n+000157e0: 2064 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 direction of th\n+000157f0: 6520 6564 6765 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 e edge they are \n+00015800: 6164 6a61 6365 6e74 2074 6f2e 2020 466f adjacent to. Fo\n+00015810: 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 7468 6520 r instance, the \n+00015820: 7765 7374 0a20 2020 2020 736c 6963 6520 west. slice \n+00015830: 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 7665 7274 6963 is scaled vertic\n+00015840: 616c 6c79 2e0a 2020 322e 2054 6865 2063 ally.. 2. The c\n+00015850: 6f72 6e65 7220 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f orner slices (no\n+00015860: 7274 6877 6573 742c 206e 6f72 7468 6561 rthwest, northea\n+00015870: 7374 2c20 736f 7574 6865 6173 742c 2061 st, southeast, a\n+00015880: 6e64 2073 6f75 7468 7765 7374 290a 2020 nd southwest). \n+00015890: 2020 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 6361 6c65 are not scale\n+000158a0: 642e 0a20 2033 2e20 5468 6520 6365 6e74 d.. 3. The cent\n+000158b0: 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2069 7320 7363 616c er slice is scal\n+000158c0: 6564 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c 2074 6865 2072 ed to fill the r\n+000158d0: 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 6365 2069 emaining space i\n+000158e0: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 6964 646c n the. middl\n+000158f0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 616e 2065 7861 e... As an exa\n+00015900: 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 686f 7720 616e 2069 mple of how an i\n+00015910: 6d61 6765 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 736c mage might be sl\n+00015920: 6963 6564 2075 702c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 iced up, conside\n+00015930: 7220 7468 6520 7374 796c 6564 0a62 6f78 r the styled.box\n+00015940: 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 7465 726d used for a term\n+00015950: 696e 616c 2076 6965 772e 0a0a 4669 6775 inal view...Figu\n+00015960: 7265 2037 2e33 0a0a 372e 322e 3820 4372 re 7.3..7.2.8 Cr\n+00015970: 6561 7469 6e67 2053 7479 6c65 6420 426f eating Styled Bo\n+00015980: 7820 496d 6167 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d x Images.-------\n 00015990: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000159a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2049 6e6b -------..The Ink\n-000159b0: 7363 6170 655f 2073 6361 6c61 626c 6520 scape_ scalable \n-000159c0: 7665 6374 6f72 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 vector graphics \n-000159d0: 6564 6974 6f72 2069 7320 6120 7665 7279 editor is a very\n-000159e0: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 6f6c 2066 6f72 useful tool for\n-000159f0: 0a63 7265 6174 696e 6720 7374 796c 6564 .creating styled\n-00015a00: 2062 6f78 2069 6d61 6765 732e 2020 4f6e box images. On\n-00015a10: 6520 7072 6f63 6573 7320 7468 6174 2077 e process that w\n-00015a20: 6f72 6b73 2077 656c 6c20 666f 7220 736c orks well for sl\n-00015a30: 6963 696e 6720 610a 6472 6177 696e 6720 icing a.drawing \n-00015a40: 696e 746f 2074 6865 206e 6563 6573 7361 into the necessa\n-00015a50: 7279 2069 6d61 6765 2073 6c69 6365 7320 ry image slices \n-00015a60: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2031 2e20 4372 6561 7465 is:.. 1. Create\n-00015a70: 206f 7220 6f70 656e 2074 6865 2064 7261 or open the dra\n-00015a80: 7769 6e67 2079 6f75 2764 206c 696b 6520 wing you'd like \n-00015a90: 7573 652e 0a20 2032 2e20 4372 6561 7465 use.. 2. Create\n-00015aa0: 2061 206e 6577 206c 6179 6572 206f 6e20 a new layer on \n-00015ab0: 7468 6520 746f 7020 6f66 2074 6865 206c the top of the l\n-00015ac0: 6179 6572 2073 7461 636b 2e20 204d 616b ayer stack. Mak\n-00015ad0: 6520 6974 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2e0a 2020 e it visible.. \n-00015ae0: 2020 2053 656c 6563 7420 7468 6973 206c Select this l\n-00015af0: 6179 6572 2061 7320 7468 6520 6375 7272 ayer as the curr\n-00015b00: 656e 7420 6c61 7965 722e 0a20 2033 2e20 ent layer.. 3. \n-00015b10: 4472 6177 2039 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 Draw 9 rectangle\n-00015b20: 7320 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6177 696e s on your drawin\n-00015b30: 6720 7768 6572 6520 796f 7527 6420 6c69 g where you'd li\n-00015b40: 6b65 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 7320 746f ke the slices to\n-00015b50: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2e20 2043 6c65 6172 . be. Clear\n-00015b60: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e the fill option\n-00015b70: 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 6520 7374 , and set the st\n-00015b80: 726f 6b65 2074 6f20 3120 7069 7865 6c20 roke to 1 pixel \n-00015b90: 7769 6465 0a20 2020 2020 736f 6c69 6420 wide. solid \n-00015ba0: 7374 726f 6b65 2e20 2054 6865 2063 6f72 stroke. The cor\n-00015bb0: 6e65 7273 206f 6620 7468 6520 736c 6963 ners of the slic\n-00015bc0: 6573 206d 7573 7420 6d65 6574 2070 7265 es must meet pre\n-00015bd0: 6369 7365 6c79 3b20 6966 2069 740a 2020 cisely; if it. \n-00015be0: 2020 2069 7320 6f66 6620 6279 2061 2073 is off by a s\n-00015bf0: 696e 676c 6520 7069 7865 6c2c 2069 7420 ingle pixel, it \n-00015c00: 7769 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 626c 7920 6265 will probably be\n-00015c10: 2065 7669 6465 6e74 2077 6865 6e20 7468 evident when th\n-00015c20: 650a 2020 2020 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f e. styled bo\n-00015c30: 7820 6973 2072 656e 6465 7265 6420 696e x is rendered in\n-00015c40: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 6d65 6e75 2e20 the GRUB menu. \n-00015c50: 2059 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 7072 6f62 You should prob\n-00015c60: 6162 6c79 2067 6f20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ably go to. \n-00015c70: 4669 6c65 207c 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 File | Document \n-00015c80: 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 207c 2047 7269 Properties | Gri\n-00015c90: 6473 2061 6e64 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6120 ds and enable a \n-00015ca0: 6772 6964 206f 7220 6372 6561 7465 2061 grid or create a\n-00015cb0: 0a20 2020 2020 6775 6964 6520 2863 6c69 . guide (cli\n-00015cc0: 636b 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f66 2074 6865 ck on one of the\n-00015cd0: 2072 756c 6572 7320 6e65 7874 2074 6f20 rulers next to \n-00015ce0: 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e 6720 616e 6420 the drawing and \n-00015cf0: 6472 6167 206f 7665 720a 2020 2020 2074 drag over. t\n-00015d00: 6865 2064 7261 7769 6e67 3b20 7265 6c65 he drawing; rele\n-00015d10: 6173 6520 7468 6520 6d6f 7573 6520 6275 ase the mouse bu\n-00015d20: 7474 6f6e 2074 6f20 706c 6163 6520 7468 tton to place th\n-00015d30: 6520 6775 6964 6529 2074 6f20 6865 6c70 e guide) to help\n-00015d40: 0a20 2020 2020 706c 6163 6520 7468 6520 . place the \n-00015d50: 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 2070 7265 6369 rectangles preci\n-00015d60: 7365 6c79 2e0a 2020 342e 2052 6967 6874 sely.. 4. 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Repeat. \n-00015df0: 2020 7468 6973 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2072 this for the r\n-00015e00: 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2038 2072 6563 7461 emaining 8 recta\n-00015e10: 6e67 6c65 732c 2067 6976 696e 6720 7468 ngles, giving th\n-00015e20: 656d 2049 6420 7661 6c75 6573 206f 660a em Id values of.\n-00015e30: 2020 2020 2022 736c 6963 655f 6e22 2c20 \"slice_n\", \n-00015e40: 2273 6c69 6365 5f6e 6522 2c20 2273 6c69 \"slice_ne\", \"sli\n-00015e50: 6365 5f65 222c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e ce_e\", and so on\n-00015e60: 2061 6363 6f72 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 according to th\n-00015e70: 650a 2020 2020 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e2e e. location.\n-00015e80: 0a20 2035 2e20 5361 7665 2074 6865 2064 . 5. Save the d\n-00015e90: 7261 7769 6e67 2e0a 2020 362e 2053 656c rawing.. 6. Sel\n-00015ea0: 6563 7420 616c 6c20 7468 6520 736c 6963 ect all the slic\n-00015eb0: 6520 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 2e20 2057 e rectangles. 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Click the lay\n-00015f70: 6572 2068 6964 6520 6963 6f6e 2066 6f72 er hide icon for\n-00015f80: 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 206c 6179 6572 the slice layer\n-00015f90: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6c61 7965 7220 7061 in the layer pa\n-00015fa0: 6c65 7474 652e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 lette.. The \n-00015fb0: 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 2077 696c 6c20 rectangles will \n-00015fc0: 7265 6d61 696e 2073 656c 6563 7465 642c remain selected,\n-00015fd0: 2065 7665 6e20 7468 6f75 6768 2074 6865 even though the\n-00015fe0: 7920 6172 6520 6869 6464 656e 2e0a 2020 y are hidden.. \n-00015ff0: 382e 2043 686f 6f73 6520 4669 6c65 207c 8. Choose File |\n-00016000: 2045 7870 6f72 7420 4269 746d 6170 2061 Export Bitmap a\n-00016010: 6e64 2063 6865 636b 2074 6865 202a 4261 nd check the *Ba\n-00016020: 7463 6820 6578 706f 7274 2039 2073 656c tch export 9 sel\n-00016030: 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 206f 626a 6563 ected. objec\n-00016040: 7473 2a20 626f 782e 2020 4d61 6b65 2073 ts* box. 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It \n-00016680: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7363 616c 6564 2074 will be scaled t\n-00016690: 6f20 6669 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 o fit the. \n+00016670: 2020 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2e20 2049 background. I\n+00016680: 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7363 616c 6564 t will be scaled\n+00016690: 2074 6f20 6669 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 to fit the. \n 000166a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000166b0: 2073 6372 6565 6e20 7369 7a65 206f 7220 screen size or \n-000166c0: 7072 6f70 6f72 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2073 proportionally s\n-000166d0: 6361 6c65 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 caled. \n-000166e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6570 dep\n-000166f0: 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7363 ending on the sc\n-00016700: 616c 6520 6d65 7468 6f64 2e0a 6465 736b ale method..desk\n-00016710: 746f 702d 696d 6167 652d 7363 616c 652d top-image-scale-\n-00016720: 6d65 7468 6f64 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 methodSpecifies \n-00016730: 7468 6520 7363 616c 696e 6720 6d65 7468 the scaling meth\n-00016740: 6f64 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 od for the. \n+000166b0: 2020 2073 6372 6565 6e20 7369 7a65 206f screen size o\n+000166c0: 7220 7072 6f70 6f72 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 r proportionally\n+000166d0: 2073 6361 6c65 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 scaled. \n+000166e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 d\n+000166f0: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 6520 epending on the \n+00016700: 7363 616c 6520 6d65 7468 6f64 2e0a 6465 scale method..de\n+00016710: 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652d 7363 616c sktop-image-scal\n+00016720: 652d 6d65 7468 6f64 5370 6563 6966 6965 e-methodSpecifie\n+00016730: 7320 7468 6520 7363 616c 696e 6720 6d65 s the scaling me\n+00016740: 7468 6f64 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 thod for the. \n 00016750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00016760: 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 *desktop-image\n-00016770: 2a2e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 *. Options are \n-00016780: 2273 7472 6574 6368 222c 0a20 2020 2020 \"stretch\",. \n+00016760: 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 *desktop-ima\n+00016770: 6765 2a2e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 ge*. Options ar\n+00016780: 6520 2273 7472 6574 6368 222c 0a20 2020 e \"stretch\",. \n 00016790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000167a0: 2020 2263 726f 7022 2c20 2270 6164 6469 \"crop\", \"paddi\n-000167b0: 6e67 222c 2022 6669 7477 6964 7468 222c ng\", \"fitwidth\",\n-000167c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000167d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2266 6974 6865 6967 \"fitheig\n-000167e0: 6874 222e 2020 2273 7472 6574 6368 2220 ht\". \"stretch\" \n-000167f0: 666f 7220 6669 7474 696e 6720 7468 650a for fitting the.\n-00016800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00016810: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6565 6e20 7369 screen si\n-00016820: 7a65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2069 ze. Otherwise i\n-00016830: 7420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t is. \n-00016840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f70 prop\n-00016850: 6f72 7469 6f6e 616c 2073 6361 6c69 6e67 ortional scaling\n-00016860: 206f 6620 6120 7061 7274 206f 660a 2020 of a part of. \n+000167a0: 2020 2020 2263 726f 7022 2c20 2270 6164 \"crop\", \"pad\n+000167b0: 6469 6e67 222c 2022 6669 7477 6964 7468 ding\", \"fitwidth\n+000167c0: 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \",. \n+000167d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2266 6974 6865 \"fithe\n+000167e0: 6967 6874 222e 2020 2273 7472 6574 6368 ight\". \"stretch\n+000167f0: 2220 666f 7220 6669 7474 696e 6720 7468 \" for fitting th\n+00016800: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00016810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6565 6e20 screen \n+00016820: 7369 7a65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 size. Otherwise\n+00016830: 2069 7420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 it is. \n+00016840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 pr\n+00016850: 6f70 6f72 7469 6f6e 616c 2073 6361 6c69 oportional scali\n+00016860: 6e67 206f 6620 6120 7061 7274 206f 660a ng of a part of.\n 00016870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00016880: 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d *desktop-im\n-00016890: 6167 652a 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 age* to the part\n-000168a0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n-000168b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-000168c0: 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 2263 726f 7022 2070 creen. \"crop\" p\n-000168d0: 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 art of the. \n+00016880: 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d *desktop-\n+00016890: 696d 6167 652a 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 image* to the pa\n+000168a0: 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 rt of the. \n+000168b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000168c0: 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 2263 726f 7022 screen. \"crop\"\n+000168d0: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 part of the. \n 000168e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000168f0: 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 *desktop-image\n-00016900: 2a20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7072 6f70 6f72 * will be propor\n-00016910: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 2020 tionally. \n+000168f0: 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 *desktop-ima\n+00016900: 6765 2a20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7072 6f70 ge* will be prop\n+00016910: 6f72 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 ortionally. \n 00016920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00016930: 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 6669 7420 7468 scaled to fit th\n-00016940: 6520 7363 7265 656e 2073 697a 6573 2e0a e screen sizes..\n-00016950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00016960: 2020 2020 2020 2022 7061 6464 696e 6722 \"padding\"\n-00016970: 2074 6865 2065 6e74 6972 6520 2a64 6573 the entire *des\n-00016980: 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 7769 6c6c ktop-image* will\n-00016990: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000169a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6265 2063 6f6e 7461 be conta\n-000169b0: 696e 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7363 7265 ined on the scre\n-000169c0: 656e 2e20 2022 6669 7477 6964 7468 220a en. \"fitwidth\".\n-000169d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000169e0: 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2066 6974 7469 for fitti\n-000169f0: 6e67 2074 6865 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d ng the *desktop-\n-00016a00: 696d 6167 652a 2773 2077 6964 7468 0a20 image*'s width. \n-00016a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00016a20: 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 2073 6372 6565 with scree\n-00016a30: 6e20 7769 6474 682e 2020 2266 6974 6865 n width. \"fithe\n-00016a40: 6967 6874 2220 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 ight\" for. \n+00016930: 2020 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 6669 7420 scaled to fit \n+00016940: 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2073 697a 6573 the screen sizes\n+00016950: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n+00016960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7061 6464 696e \"paddin\n+00016970: 6722 2074 6865 2065 6e74 6972 6520 2a64 g\" the entire *d\n+00016980: 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 7769 esktop-image* wi\n+00016990: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ll. \n+000169a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6265 2063 6f6e be con\n+000169b0: 7461 696e 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7363 tained on the sc\n+000169c0: 7265 656e 2e20 2022 6669 7477 6964 7468 reen. \"fitwidth\n+000169d0: 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \". \n+000169e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2066 6974 for fit\n+000169f0: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 202a 6465 736b 746f ting the *deskto\n+00016a00: 702d 696d 6167 652a 2773 2077 6964 7468 p-image*'s width\n+00016a10: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00016a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 2073 6372 with scr\n+00016a30: 6565 6e20 7769 6474 682e 2020 2266 6974 een width. \"fit\n+00016a40: 6865 6967 6874 2220 666f 720a 2020 2020 height\" for. \n 00016a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00016a60: 2066 6974 7469 6e67 2074 6865 202a 6465 fitting the *de\n-00016a70: 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2773 2068 sktop-image*'s h\n-00016a80: 6569 6768 7420 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 eight with. \n+00016a60: 2020 2066 6974 7469 6e67 2074 6865 202a fitting the *\n+00016a70: 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2773 desktop-image*'s\n+00016a80: 2068 6569 6768 7420 7769 7468 0a20 2020 height with. \n 00016a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00016aa0: 2020 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2068 6569 the screen hei\n-00016ab0: 6768 742e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 ght. Default is\n-00016ac0: 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2e0a 6465 736b \"stretch\"..desk\n-00016ad0: 746f 702d 696d 6167 652d 682d 616c 6967 top-image-h-alig\n-00016ae0: 6e20 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 n Specifies the\n-00016af0: 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c20 616c 6967 horizontal alig\n-00016b00: 6e6d 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 nment of the. \n+00016aa0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2068 the screen h\n+00016ab0: 6569 6768 742e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 eight. 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Op\n-00016ba0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 226c 6566 7422 tions are \"left\"\n-00016bb0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,. \n-00016bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6365 6e74 6572 \"center\n-00016bd0: 222c 2022 7269 6768 7422 2e20 2044 6566 \", \"right\". Def\n-00016be0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2263 656e 7465 7222 ault is \"center\"\n-00016bf0: 2e0a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652d ..desktop-image-\n-00016c00: 762d 616c 6967 6e20 2053 7065 6369 6669 v-align Specifi\n-00016c10: 6573 2074 6865 2076 6572 7469 6361 6c20 es the vertical \n-00016c20: 616c 6967 6e6d 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6865 alignment of the\n-00016c30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00016c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 *desktop\n-00016c50: 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 6966 0a20 2020 2020 -image* if. \n+00016b20: 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 *desktop-i\n+00016b30: 6d61 6765 2a20 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 mage* if. \n+00016b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00016b50: 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d73 *desktop-image-s\n+00016b60: 6361 6c65 2d6d 6574 686f 642a 2069 736e cale-method* isn\n+00016b70: 2774 2065 7175 6561 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 't equeal. \n+00016b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00016b90: 2074 6f20 2273 7472 6574 6368 222e 2020 to \"stretch\". \n+00016ba0: 4f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 226c 6566 Options are \"lef\n+00016bb0: 7422 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t\",. \n+00016bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6365 6e74 \"cent\n+00016bd0: 6572 222c 2022 7269 6768 7422 2e20 2044 er\", \"right\". 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Options are \n+00016cd0: 2274 6f70 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 \"top\",. \n+00016ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 \"c\n+00016cf0: 656e 7465 7222 2c20 2262 6f74 746f 6d22 enter\", \"bottom\"\n+00016d00: 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2263 . 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Example:. \n+00017c50: 2020 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 the progress \n+00017c60: 6261 722e 2020 4578 616d 706c 653a 0a20 bar. Example:. \n 00017c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017c80: 2022 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f66 7261 6d65 \"progress_frame\n-00017c90: 5f2a 2e70 6e67 2220 4966 2074 6865 2076 _*.png\" If the v\n-00017ca0: 616c 7565 2069 7320 6571 7561 6c20 746f alue is equal to\n-00017cb0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00017cc0: 2020 2020 2022 6869 6768 6c69 6768 745f \"highlight_\n-00017cd0: 7374 796c 6522 2074 6865 6e20 6e6f 2073 style\" then no s\n-00017ce0: 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 7320 7769 6c6c tyled boxes will\n-00017cf0: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 be. \n-00017d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7368 6f77 6e2e 0a20 shown.. \n-00017d10: 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 745f 7374 highlight_st\n-00017d20: 796c 6554 6865 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f yleThe styled bo\n-00017d30: 7820 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 x specification \n-00017d40: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 for the highligh\n-00017d50: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ted. \n-00017d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 6769 6f6e 206f region o\n-00017d70: 6620 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 f the progress b\n-00017d80: 6172 2e20 2054 6869 7320 626f 7820 7769 ar. This box wi\n-00017d90: 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ll be. \n-00017da0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7573 6564 2074 used t\n-00017db0: 6f20 7061 696e 7420 6a75 7374 2074 6865 o paint just the\n-00017dc0: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 2072 6567 highlighted reg\n-00017dd0: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ion of the. \n-00017de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 b\n-00017df0: 6172 2c20 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ar, and will be \n-00017e00: 696e 6372 6561 7365 6420 696e 2073 697a increased in siz\n-00017e10: 6520 6173 2074 6865 2062 6172 0a20 2020 e as the bar. \n+00017c80: 2020 2022 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f66 7261 \"progress_fra\n+00017c90: 6d65 5f2a 2e70 6e67 2220 4966 2074 6865 me_*.png\" If the\n+00017ca0: 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 6571 7561 6c20 value is equal \n+00017cb0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n+00017cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2022 6869 6768 6c69 6768 \"highligh\n+00017cd0: 745f 7374 796c 6522 2074 6865 6e20 6e6f t_style\" then no\n+00017ce0: 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 7320 7769 styled boxes wi\n+00017cf0: 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ll be. \n+00017d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7368 6f77 6e2e shown.\n+00017d10: 0a20 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 745f . highlight_\n+00017d20: 7374 796c 6554 6865 2073 7479 6c65 6420 styleThe styled \n+00017d30: 626f 7820 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f box specificatio\n+00017d40: 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 n for the highli\n+00017d50: 6768 7465 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ghted. \n+00017d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 6769 6f6e region\n+00017d70: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 of the progress\n+00017d80: 2062 6172 2e20 2054 6869 7320 626f 7820 bar. This box \n+00017d90: 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 will be. \n+00017da0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7573 6564 used\n+00017db0: 2074 6f20 7061 696e 7420 6a75 7374 2074 to paint just t\n+00017dc0: 6865 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 2072 he highlighted r\n+00017dd0: 6567 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 egion of the. \n+00017de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017df0: 2062 6172 2c20 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 bar, and will b\n+00017e00: 6520 696e 6372 6561 7365 6420 696e 2073 e increased in s\n+00017e10: 697a 6520 6173 2074 6865 2062 6172 0a20 ize as the bar. \n 00017e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017e30: 206e 6561 7273 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f nears completio\n-00017e40: 6e2e 2020 4578 616d 706c 653a 2022 7072 n. Example: \"pr\n-00017e50: 6f67 7265 7373 5f68 6c5f 2a2e 706e 6722 ogress_hl_*.png\"\n-00017e60: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n-00017e70: 2020 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2076 616c If the val\n-00017e80: 7565 2069 7320 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2022 ue is equal to \"\n-00017e90: 6261 725f 7374 796c 6522 2074 6865 6e20 bar_style\" then \n-00017ea0: 6e6f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no. \n-00017eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f styled bo\n-00017ec0: 7865 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7368 6f77 xes will be show\n-00017ed0: 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 n.. highligh\n-00017ee0: 745f 6f76 6572 6c61 7949 6620 7468 6973 t_overlayIf this\n-00017ef0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 option is set t\n-00017f00: 6f20 2274 7275 6522 2074 6865 6e20 7468 o \"true\" then th\n-00017f10: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-00017f20: 2020 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 highlight \n-00017f30: 626f 7820 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 7320 box side slices \n-00017f40: 2865 7665 7279 2073 6c69 6365 2065 7863 (every slice exc\n-00017f50: 6570 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ept. \n-00017f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 6365 6e74 the cent\n-00017f70: 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2920 7769 6c6c 206f er slice) will o\n-00017f80: 7665 726c 6179 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 verlay the frame\n-00017f90: 2062 6f78 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 box. \n-00017fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6964 6520 736c side sl\n-00017fb0: 6963 6573 2e20 2041 6e64 2074 6865 2063 ices. And the c\n-00017fc0: 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 enter slice of t\n-00017fd0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n-00017fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 highlight\n-00017ff0: 2062 6f78 2063 616e 206d 6f76 6520 616c box can move al\n-00018000: 6c20 7468 6520 7761 7920 2866 726f 6d20 l the way (from \n-00018010: 746f 7020 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 top to. \n-00018020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f74 746f botto\n-00018030: 6d29 2c20 6265 696e 6720 6472 6177 6e20 m), being drawn \n-00018040: 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c on the center sl\n-00018050: 6963 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ice of the. \n-00018060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 f\n-00018070: 7261 6d65 2062 6f78 2e20 2054 6861 7420 rame box. That \n-00018080: 7761 7920 7765 2063 616e 206d 616b 6520 way we can make \n-00018090: 6120 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 0a20 a progress bar. \n-000180a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000180b0: 2020 2077 6974 6820 726f 756e 642d 7368 with round-sh\n-000180c0: 6170 6564 2065 6467 6573 2073 6f20 7468 aped edges so th\n-000180d0: 6572 6520 776f 6e27 7420 6265 2061 2066 ere won't be a f\n-000180e0: 7265 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ree. \n-000180f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 6672 space fr\n-00018100: 6f6d 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 om the highlight\n-00018110: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6672 616d 6520 696e to the frame in\n-00018120: 2074 6f70 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2020 top and. \n-00018130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f74 bot\n-00018140: 746f 6d20 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 706f tom scrollbar po\n-00018150: 7369 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4465 6661 756c sitions. Defaul\n-00018160: 7420 6973 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 t is \"false\".. \n-00018170: 2020 2066 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 font \n-00018180: 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 The font to us\n-00018190: 6520 666f 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 e for progress b\n-000181a0: 6172 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6578 7420 2020 ar.. text \n-000181b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 7874 The text\n-000181c0: 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 6f6e 2074 to display on t\n-000181d0: 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e he progress bar.\n-000181e0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 If the. \n-000181f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f pro\n-00018200: 6772 6573 7320 6261 7227 7320 4944 2069 gress bar's ID i\n-00018210: 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 s set to \"__time\n-00018220: 6f75 745f 5f22 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 out__\" and. \n-00018230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-00018240: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6973 he value of this\n-00018250: 2070 726f 7065 7274 7920 6973 2073 6574 property is set\n-00018260: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n-00018270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 \"@TIMEOU\n-00018280: 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 T_NOTIFICATION_S\n-00018290: 484f 5254 4022 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 HORT@\",. \n-000182a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 5449 \"@TI\n-000182b0: 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 MEOUT_NOTIFICATI\n-000182c0: 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 2220 6f72 0a20 ON_MIDDLE@\" or. \n-000182d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000182e0: 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 \"@TIMEOUT_NOT\n-000182f0: 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 4022 IFICATION_LONG@\"\n-00018300: 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c , then GRUB will\n-00018310: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00018320: 2020 2020 2075 7064 6174 6520 7468 6973 update this\n-00018330: 2070 726f 7065 7274 7920 7769 7468 2061 property with a\n-00018340: 6e20 696e 666f 726d 6174 6976 6520 6d65 n informative me\n-00018350: 7373 6167 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ssage. \n-00018360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6173 2074 6865 as the\n-00018370: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2061 7070 726f 6163 timeout approac\n-00018380: 6865 732e 0a0a 2020 202a 2063 6972 6375 hes... * circu\n-00018390: 6c61 725f 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2044 6973 lar_progress Dis\n-000183a0: 706c 6179 7320 6120 6369 7263 756c 6172 plays a circular\n-000183b0: 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 progress indica\n-000183c0: 746f 722e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2061 tor. The. a\n-000183d0: 7070 6561 7261 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6869 ppearance of thi\n-000183e0: 7320 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 6973 2064 s component is d\n-000183f0: 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 6420 6279 2074 776f etermined by two\n-00018400: 2069 6d61 6765 733a 2074 6865 0a20 2020 images: the. \n-00018410: 2020 2a63 656e 7465 722a 2069 6d61 6765 *center* image\n-00018420: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 202a 7469 636b 2a20 and the *tick* \n-00018430: 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 6365 6e74 image. The cent\n-00018440: 6572 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6765 6e65 er image is gene\n-00018450: 7261 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 206c 6172 6765 rally. large\n-00018460: 7220 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 r and will be dr\n-00018470: 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 awn in the cente\n-00018480: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 r of the compone\n-00018490: 6e74 2e20 2041 726f 756e 640a 2020 2020 nt. Around. \n-000184a0: 2074 6865 2063 6972 6375 6d66 6572 656e the circumferen\n-000184b0: 6365 206f 6620 6120 6369 7263 6c65 2077 ce of a circle w\n-000184c0: 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e ithin the compon\n-000184d0: 656e 742c 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 696d ent, the tick im\n-000184e0: 6167 650a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 age. will be\n-000184f0: 2064 7261 776e 2061 2063 6572 7461 696e drawn a certain\n-00018500: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2074 696d 6573 number of times\n-00018510: 2c20 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 , depending on t\n-00018520: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f70 6572 7469 he. properti\n-00018530: 6573 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e es of the compon\n-00018540: 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 ent... Prope\n-00018550: 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 6420 rties:.. id \n-00018560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018570: 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 Set to \"__ti\n-00018580: 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2074 6f20 6469 7370 meout__\" to disp\n-00018590: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7469 6d65 0a20 2020 lay the time. \n+00017e30: 2020 206e 6561 7273 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 nears complet\n+00017e40: 696f 6e2e 2020 4578 616d 706c 653a 2022 ion. Example: \"\n+00017e50: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f68 6c5f 2a2e 706e progress_hl_*.pn\n+00017e60: 6722 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g\".. \n+00017e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2076 If the v\n+00017e80: 616c 7565 2069 7320 6571 7561 6c20 746f alue is equal to\n+00017e90: 2022 6261 725f 7374 796c 6522 2074 6865 \"bar_style\" the\n+00017ea0: 6e20 6e6f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n no. \n+00017eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7479 6c65 6420 styled \n+00017ec0: 626f 7865 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7368 boxes will be sh\n+00017ed0: 6f77 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 own.. highli\n+00017ee0: 6768 745f 6f76 6572 6c61 7949 6620 7468 ght_overlayIf th\n+00017ef0: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 is option is set\n+00017f00: 2074 6f20 2274 7275 6522 2074 6865 6e20 to \"true\" then \n+00017f10: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00017f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 highligh\n+00017f30: 7420 626f 7820 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 t box side slice\n+00017f40: 7320 2865 7665 7279 2073 6c69 6365 2065 s (every slice e\n+00017f50: 7863 6570 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xcept. \n+00017f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 6365 the ce\n+00017f70: 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2920 7769 6c6c nter slice) will\n+00017f80: 206f 7665 726c 6179 2074 6865 2066 7261 overlay the fra\n+00017f90: 6d65 2062 6f78 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 me box. \n+00017fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6964 6520 side \n+00017fb0: 736c 6963 6573 2e20 2041 6e64 2074 6865 slices. And the\n+00017fc0: 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 center slice of\n+00017fd0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00017fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 highlig\n+00017ff0: 6874 2062 6f78 2063 616e 206d 6f76 6520 ht box can move \n+00018000: 616c 6c20 7468 6520 7761 7920 2866 726f all the way (fro\n+00018010: 6d20 746f 7020 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 m top to. \n+00018020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f74 bot\n+00018030: 746f 6d29 2c20 6265 696e 6720 6472 6177 tom), being draw\n+00018040: 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 n on the center \n+00018050: 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 slice of the. \n+00018060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018070: 2066 7261 6d65 2062 6f78 2e20 2054 6861 frame box. Tha\n+00018080: 7420 7761 7920 7765 2063 616e 206d 616b t way we can mak\n+00018090: 6520 6120 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 e a progress bar\n+000180a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000180b0: 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 726f 756e 642d with round-\n+000180c0: 7368 6170 6564 2065 6467 6573 2073 6f20 shaped edges so \n+000180d0: 7468 6572 6520 776f 6e27 7420 6265 2061 there won't be a\n+000180e0: 2066 7265 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 free. \n+000180f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 space \n+00018100: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c 6967 from the highlig\n+00018110: 6874 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6672 616d 6520 ht to the frame \n+00018120: 696e 2074 6f70 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 in top and. \n+00018130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 b\n+00018140: 6f74 746f 6d20 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 ottom scrollbar \n+00018150: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4465 6661 positions. Defa\n+00018160: 756c 7420 6973 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a ult is \"false\"..\n+00018170: 2020 2020 2066 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 font \n+00018180: 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 The font to \n+00018190: 7573 6520 666f 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 use for progress\n+000181a0: 2062 6172 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6578 7420 bar.. text \n+000181b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 The te\n+000181c0: 7874 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 6f6e xt to display on\n+000181d0: 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 the progress ba\n+000181e0: 722e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 r. If the. \n+000181f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n+00018200: 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 7227 7320 4944 rogress bar's ID\n+00018210: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 is set to \"__ti\n+00018220: 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 meout__\" and. \n+00018230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018240: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 the value of th\n+00018250: 6973 2070 726f 7065 7274 7920 6973 2073 is property is s\n+00018260: 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 et to. \n+00018270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 5449 4d45 \"@TIME\n+00018280: 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e OUT_NOTIFICATION\n+00018290: 5f53 484f 5254 4022 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 _SHORT@\",. \n+000182a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 \"@\n+000182b0: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 TIMEOUT_NOTIFICA\n+000182c0: 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 2220 6f72 TION_MIDDLE@\" or\n+000182d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000182e0: 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e \"@TIMEOUT_N\n+000182f0: 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 OTIFICATION_LONG\n+00018300: 4022 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 7769 @\", then GRUB wi\n+00018310: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ll. \n+00018320: 2020 2020 2020 2075 7064 6174 6520 7468 update th\n+00018330: 6973 2070 726f 7065 7274 7920 7769 7468 is property with\n+00018340: 2061 6e20 696e 666f 726d 6174 6976 6520 an informative \n+00018350: 6d65 7373 6167 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 message. \n+00018360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6173 2074 as t\n+00018370: 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2061 7070 726f he timeout appro\n+00018380: 6163 6865 732e 0a0a 2020 202a 2063 6972 aches... * cir\n+00018390: 6375 6c61 725f 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2044 cular_progress D\n+000183a0: 6973 706c 6179 7320 6120 6369 7263 756c isplays a circul\n+000183b0: 6172 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 ar progress indi\n+000183c0: 6361 746f 722e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 cator. The. \n+000183d0: 2061 7070 6561 7261 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 appearance of t\n+000183e0: 6869 7320 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 6973 his component is\n+000183f0: 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 6420 6279 2074 determined by t\n+00018400: 776f 2069 6d61 6765 733a 2074 6865 0a20 wo images: the. \n+00018410: 2020 2020 2a63 656e 7465 722a 2069 6d61 *center* ima\n+00018420: 6765 2061 6e64 2074 6865 202a 7469 636b ge and the *tick\n+00018430: 2a20 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 6365 * image. The ce\n+00018440: 6e74 6572 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6765 nter image is ge\n+00018450: 6e65 7261 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 206c 6172 nerally. lar\n+00018460: 6765 7220 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ger and will be \n+00018470: 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2063 656e drawn in the cen\n+00018480: 7465 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f ter of the compo\n+00018490: 6e65 6e74 2e20 2041 726f 756e 640a 2020 nent. Around. \n+000184a0: 2020 2074 6865 2063 6972 6375 6d66 6572 the circumfer\n+000184b0: 656e 6365 206f 6620 6120 6369 7263 6c65 ence of a circle\n+000184c0: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 within the comp\n+000184d0: 6f6e 656e 742c 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 onent, the tick \n+000184e0: 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 image. will \n+000184f0: 6265 2064 7261 776e 2061 2063 6572 7461 be drawn a certa\n+00018500: 696e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2074 696d in number of tim\n+00018510: 6573 2c20 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e es, depending on\n+00018520: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f70 6572 the. proper\n+00018530: 7469 6573 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 ties of the comp\n+00018540: 6f6e 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f onent... Pro\n+00018550: 7065 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 perties:.. i\n+00018560: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d \n+00018570: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 5f5f Set to \"__\n+00018580: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2074 6f20 6469 timeout__\" to di\n+00018590: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7469 6d65 0a20 splay the time. \n 000185a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000185b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6c61 7073 6564 elapsed\n-000185c0: 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 to an automatic\n-000185d0: 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 al boot of the. \n-000185e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000185f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 defau\n-00018600: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 2063 lt entry.. c\n-00018610: 656e 7465 725f 6269 746d 6170 2020 2020 enter_bitmap \n-00018620: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 206e The file n\n-00018630: 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 ame of the image\n-00018640: 2074 6f20 6472 6177 2069 6e20 7468 650a to draw in the.\n-00018650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6365 6e74 cent\n-00018670: 6572 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e er of the compon\n-00018680: 656e 742e 0a20 2020 2020 7469 636b 5f62 ent.. tick_b\n-00018690: 6974 6d61 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 itmap \n-000186a0: 2054 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206f The file name o\n-000186b0: 6620 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2064 f the image to d\n-000186c0: 7261 7720 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 raw for. \n+000185b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6c61 7073 elaps\n+000185c0: 6564 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 ed to an automat\n+000185d0: 6963 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 ical boot of the\n+000185e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000185f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6566 def\n+00018600: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 ault entry.. \n+00018610: 2063 656e 7465 725f 6269 746d 6170 2020 center_bitmap \n+00018620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 The file\n+00018630: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6d61 name of the ima\n+00018640: 6765 2074 6f20 6472 6177 2069 6e20 7468 ge to draw in th\n+00018650: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00018660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6365 ce\n+00018670: 6e74 6572 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 nter of the comp\n+00018680: 6f6e 656e 742e 0a20 2020 2020 7469 636b onent.. tick\n+00018690: 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _bitmap \n+000186a0: 2020 2054 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 The file name\n+000186b0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f of the image to\n+000186c0: 2064 7261 7720 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 draw for. \n 000186d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000186e0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7469 636b 206d 6172 the tick mar\n-000186f0: 6b73 2e0a 2020 2020 206e 756d 5f74 6963 ks.. num_tic\n-00018700: 6b73 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ks \n-00018710: 5468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7469 The number of ti\n-00018720: 636b 7320 7468 6174 206d 616b 6520 7570 cks that make up\n-00018730: 2061 2066 756c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 a full. \n+000186e0: 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7469 636b 206d the tick m\n+000186f0: 6172 6b73 2e0a 2020 2020 206e 756d 5f74 arks.. num_t\n+00018700: 6963 6b73 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 icks \n+00018710: 2020 5468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 The number of \n+00018720: 7469 636b 7320 7468 6174 206d 616b 6520 ticks that make \n+00018730: 7570 2061 2066 756c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 up a full. \n 00018740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018750: 2020 2020 6369 7263 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 circle.. \n-00018760: 2074 6963 6b73 5f64 6973 6170 7065 6172 ticks_disappear\n-00018770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 426f 6f6c 6561 6e20 Boolean \n-00018780: 7661 6c75 6520 696e 6469 6361 7469 6e67 value indicating\n-00018790: 2077 6865 7468 6572 2074 6963 6b0a 2020 whether tick. \n+00018750: 2020 2020 2020 6369 7263 6c65 2e0a 2020 circle.. \n+00018760: 2020 2074 6963 6b73 5f64 6973 6170 7065 ticks_disappe\n+00018770: 6172 2020 2020 2020 2020 426f 6f6c 6561 ar Boolea\n+00018780: 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 696e 6469 6361 7469 n value indicati\n+00018790: 6e67 2077 6865 7468 6572 2074 6963 6b0a ng whether tick.\n 000187a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000187b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d61 726b 7320 marks \n-000187c0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 726f 6772 6573 7369 should progressi\n-000187d0: 7665 6c79 2061 7070 6561 722c 206f 720a vely appear, or.\n-000187e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000187f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f67 prog\n-00018800: 7265 7373 6976 656c 7920 6469 7361 7070 ressively disapp\n-00018810: 6561 7220 6173 202a 7661 6c75 652a 0a20 ear as *value*. \n-00018820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7070 726f appro\n-00018840: 6163 6865 7320 2a65 6e64 2a2e 2020 5370 aches *end*. Sp\n-00018850: 6563 6966 7920 2274 7275 6522 206f 720a ecify \"true\" or.\n-00018860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2266 616c \"fal\n-00018880: 7365 222e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 se\". Default is\n-00018890: 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 \"false\".. s\n-000188a0: 7461 7274 5f61 6e67 6c65 2020 2020 2020 tart_angle \n-000188b0: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 706f 7369 7469 The positi\n-000188c0: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 on of the first \n-000188d0: 7469 636b 206d 6172 6b20 746f 0a20 2020 tick mark to. \n+000187b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d61 726b mark\n+000187c0: 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 726f 6772 6573 s should progres\n+000187d0: 7369 7665 6c79 2061 7070 6561 722c 206f sively appear, o\n+000187e0: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n+000187f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 pr\n+00018800: 6f67 7265 7373 6976 656c 7920 6469 7361 ogressively disa\n+00018810: 7070 6561 7220 6173 202a 7661 6c75 652a ppear as *value*\n+00018820: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7070 app\n+00018840: 726f 6163 6865 7320 2a65 6e64 2a2e 2020 roaches *end*. \n+00018850: 5370 6563 6966 7920 2274 7275 6522 206f Specify \"true\" o\n+00018860: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n+00018870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2266 \"f\n+00018880: 616c 7365 222e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 alse\". Default \n+00018890: 6973 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 2020 is \"false\".. \n+000188a0: 2073 7461 7274 5f61 6e67 6c65 2020 2020 start_angle \n+000188b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 706f 7369 The posi\n+000188c0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 tion of the firs\n+000188d0: 7420 7469 636b 206d 6172 6b20 746f 0a20 t tick mark to. \n 000188e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000188f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7070 6561 7220 appear \n-00018900: 6f72 2064 6973 6170 7065 6172 2e20 204d or disappear. M\n-00018910: 6561 7375 7265 6420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 easured in. \n+000188f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7070 6561 appea\n+00018900: 7220 6f72 2064 6973 6170 7065 6172 2e20 r or disappear. \n+00018910: 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 696e 0a20 2020 Measured in. \n 00018920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018930: 2020 2020 2020 2022 7061 7272 6f74 7322 \"parrots\"\n-00018940: 2c20 3120 2270 6172 726f 7422 203d 2031 , 1 \"parrot\" = 1\n-00018950: 202f 2032 3536 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 / 256 of the. \n+00018930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7061 7272 6f74 \"parrot\n+00018940: 7322 2c20 3120 2270 6172 726f 7422 203d s\", 1 \"parrot\" =\n+00018950: 2031 202f 2032 3536 206f 6620 7468 650a 1 / 256 of the.\n 00018960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6675 6c6c 2063 full c\n-00018980: 6972 636c 652e 2020 5573 6520 7661 6c75 ircle. Use valu\n-00018990: 6573 2022 7878 7820 6465 6722 206f 720a es \"xxx deg\" or.\n-000189a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000189b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2278 7878 \"xxx\n-000189c0: 205c 7863 325c 7862 3022 2074 6f20 7365 \\xc2\\xb0\" to se\n-000189d0: 7420 7468 6520 616e 676c 6520 696e 0a20 t the angle in. \n-000189e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000189f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6567 7265 degre\n-00018a00: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 626f 6f74 5f6d es... * boot_m\n-00018a10: 656e 7520 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2074 6865 enu Displays the\n-00018a20: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 206d 656e 752e GRUB boot menu.\n-00018a30: 2020 4974 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7365 6c65 It allows sele\n-00018a40: 6374 696e 6720 6974 656d 730a 2020 2020 cting items. \n-00018a50: 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2074 and executing t\n-00018a60: 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 hem... Prope\n-00018a70: 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 7465 rties:.. ite\n-00018a80: 6d5f 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m_font \n-00018a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 The f\n-00018aa0: 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 ont to use for t\n-00018ab0: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 0a20 2020 he menu item. \n+00018970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6675 6c6c full\n+00018980: 2063 6972 636c 652e 2020 5573 6520 7661 circle. Use va\n+00018990: 6c75 6573 2022 7878 7820 6465 6722 206f lues \"xxx deg\" o\n+000189a0: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n+000189b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2278 \"x\n+000189c0: 7878 205c 7863 325c 7862 3022 2074 6f20 xx \\xc2\\xb0\" to \n+000189d0: 7365 7420 7468 6520 616e 676c 6520 696e set the angle in\n+000189e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000189f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6567 deg\n+00018a00: 7265 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 626f 6f74 rees... * boot\n+00018a10: 5f6d 656e 7520 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2074 _menu Displays t\n+00018a20: 6865 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 206d 656e he GRUB boot men\n+00018a30: 752e 2020 4974 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7365 u. It allows se\n+00018a40: 6c65 6374 696e 6720 6974 656d 730a 2020 lecting items. \n+00018a50: 2020 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 and executing\n+00018a60: 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f them... Pro\n+00018a70: 7065 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 perties:.. i\n+00018a80: 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 tem_font \n+00018a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n+00018aa0: 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 font to use for\n+00018ab0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 0a20 the menu item. \n 00018ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00018ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018ae0: 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 656c titles.. sel\n-00018af0: 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e 7420 ected_item_font \n-00018b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 The f\n-00018b10: 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 ont to use for t\n-00018b20: 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 he selected. \n+00018ae0: 2020 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 titles.. s\n+00018af0: 656c 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e elected_item_fon\n+00018b00: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 t The\n+00018b10: 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 font to use for\n+00018b20: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 640a 2020 the selected. \n 00018b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d m\n-00018b50: 656e 7520 6974 656d 2c20 6f72 2022 696e enu item, or \"in\n-00018b60: 6865 7269 7422 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 herit\" (the. \n+00018b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018b50: 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2c20 6f72 2022 menu item, or \"\n+00018b60: 696e 6865 7269 7422 2028 7468 650a 2020 inherit\" (the. \n 00018b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 d\n-00018b90: 6566 6175 6c74 2920 746f 2075 7365 2022 efault) to use \"\n-00018ba0: 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e 7422 2066 6f72 0a20 item_font\" for. \n-00018bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018b90: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2920 746f 2075 7365 default) to use\n+00018ba0: 2022 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e 7422 2066 6f72 \"item_font\" for\n+00018bb0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00018bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018bd0: 2020 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 206d the selected m\n-00018be0: 656e 7520 6974 656d 2061 7320 7765 6c6c enu item as well\n-00018bf0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 636f 6c6f .. item_colo\n-00018c00: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n-00018c10: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2074 The color t\n-00018c20: 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 o use for the me\n-00018c30: 6e75 2069 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 nu item. \n+00018bd0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 the selected\n+00018be0: 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2061 7320 7765 menu item as we\n+00018bf0: 6c6c 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 636f ll.. item_co\n+00018c00: 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lor \n+00018c10: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 The color\n+00018c20: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 to use for the \n+00018c30: 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 menu item. \n 00018c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 title\n-00018c60: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 s.. selected\n-00018c70: 5f69 7465 6d5f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 _item_color \n-00018c80: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 The color \n-00018c90: 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2073 to use for the s\n-00018ca0: 656c 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 elected. \n+00018c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6974 tit\n+00018c60: 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 les.. select\n+00018c70: 6564 5f69 7465 6d5f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 ed_item_color \n+00018c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f The colo\n+00018c90: 7220 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6865 r to use for the\n+00018ca0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2020 selected. \n 00018cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 menu \n-00018cd0: 6974 656d 2c20 6f72 2022 696e 6865 7269 item, or \"inheri\n-00018ce0: 7422 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 t\" (the. \n+00018cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e men\n+00018cd0: 7520 6974 656d 2c20 6f72 2022 696e 6865 u item, or \"inhe\n+00018ce0: 7269 7422 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 rit\" (the. \n 00018cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 defau\n-00018d10: 6c74 2920 746f 2075 7365 2022 6974 656d lt) to use \"item\n-00018d20: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2220 666f 720a 2020 2020 _color\" for. \n+00018d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6566 def\n+00018d10: 6175 6c74 2920 746f 2075 7365 2022 6974 ault) to use \"it\n+00018d20: 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2220 666f 720a 2020 em_color\" for. \n 00018d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-00018d50: 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 he selected menu\n-00018d60: 2069 7465 6d20 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a20 item as well.. \n-00018d70: 2020 2020 6963 6f6e 5f77 6964 7468 2020 icon_width \n+00018d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018d50: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6d65 the selected me\n+00018d60: 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6173 2077 656c 6c2e nu item as well.\n+00018d70: 0a20 2020 2020 6963 6f6e 5f77 6964 7468 . icon_width\n 00018d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018d90: 2020 5468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 206d The width of m\n-00018da0: 656e 7520 6974 656d 2069 636f 6e73 2e0a enu item icons..\n-00018db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018d90: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 The width of\n+00018da0: 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2069 636f 6e73 menu item icons\n+00018db0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n 00018dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018dd0: 2020 2049 636f 6e73 2061 7265 2073 6361 Icons are sca\n-00018de0: 6c65 6420 746f 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 led to the speci\n-00018df0: 6669 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fied. \n+00018dd0: 2020 2020 2049 636f 6e73 2061 7265 2073 Icons are s\n+00018de0: 6361 6c65 6420 746f 2074 6865 2073 7065 caled to the spe\n+00018df0: 6369 6669 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 cified. \n 00018e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7369 7a65 2e0a 2020 size.. \n-00018e20: 2020 2069 636f 6e5f 6865 6967 6874 2020 icon_height \n+00018e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7369 7a65 2e0a size..\n+00018e20: 2020 2020 2069 636f 6e5f 6865 6967 6874 icon_height\n 00018e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018e40: 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 206d The height of m\n-00018e50: 656e 7520 6974 656d 2069 636f 6e73 2e0a enu item icons..\n-00018e60: 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 6865 6967 6874 item_height\n-00018e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018e80: 2020 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 The height of\n-00018e90: 2065 6163 6820 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 each menu item \n-00018ea0: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n+00018e40: 2020 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 The height of\n+00018e50: 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2069 636f 6e73 menu item icons\n+00018e60: 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 6865 6967 .. item_heig\n+00018e70: 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ht \n+00018e80: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 The height \n+00018e90: 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 of each menu ite\n+00018ea0: 6d20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m in. \n 00018eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018ec0: 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a 2020 pixels.. \n-00018ed0: 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 7061 6464 696e 6720 item_padding \n-00018ee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018ef0: 2054 6865 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2073 The amount of s\n-00018f00: 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7069 7865 6c73 2074 pace in pixels t\n-00018f10: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n+00018ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a pixels..\n+00018ed0: 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 7061 6464 696e item_paddin\n+00018ee0: 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g \n+00018ef0: 2020 2054 6865 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 The amount of\n+00018f00: 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7069 7865 6c73 space in pixels\n+00018f10: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n 00018f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018f30: 2020 2020 206c 6561 7665 206f 6e20 6561 leave on ea\n-00018f40: 6368 2073 6964 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206d ch side of the m\n-00018f50: 656e 750a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enu. \n+00018f30: 2020 2020 2020 206c 6561 7665 206f 6e20 leave on \n+00018f40: 6561 6368 2073 6964 6520 6f66 2074 6865 each side of the\n+00018f50: 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 menu. \n 00018f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018f70: 2020 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d20 636f 6e74 item cont\n-00018f80: 656e 7473 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f ents.. item_\n-00018f90: 6963 6f6e 5f73 7061 6365 2020 2020 2020 icon_space \n-00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2073 7061 The spa\n-00018fb0: 6365 2062 6574 7765 656e 2061 6e20 6974 ce 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Exa\n+00019110: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mple:. \n 00019120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019130: 2020 2020 2020 2022 6d65 6e75 5f2a 2e70 \"menu_*.p\n-00019140: 6e67 2220 2874 6869 7320 7769 6c6c 2075 ng\" (this will u\n-00019150: 7365 2069 6d61 6765 730a 2020 2020 2020 se images. \n+00019130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6d65 6e75 5f2a \"menu_*\n+00019140: 2e70 6e67 2220 2874 6869 7320 7769 6c6c .png\" (this will\n+00019150: 2075 7365 2069 6d61 6765 730a 2020 2020 use images. \n 00019160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7563 suc\n-00019180: 6820 6173 2022 6d65 6e75 5f63 2e70 6e67 h as \"menu_c.png\n-00019190: 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \",. \n+00019170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+00019180: 7563 6820 6173 2022 6d65 6e75 5f63 2e70 uch as \"menu_c.p\n+00019190: 6e67 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng\",. \n 000191a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000191b0: 2020 2020 2020 226d 656e 755f 772e 706e \"menu_w.pn\n-000191c0: 6722 2c20 276d 656e 755f 6e77 2e70 6e67 g\", 'menu_nw.png\n-000191d0: 222c 2065 7463 2e29 0a20 2020 2020 6974 \", etc.). it\n-000191e0: 656d 5f70 6978 6d61 705f 7374 796c 6520 em_pixmap_style \n-000191f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n-00019200: 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 image file patte\n-00019210: 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 rn for the. \n+000191b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 226d 656e 755f 772e \"menu_w.\n+000191c0: 706e 6722 2c20 276d 656e 755f 6e77 2e70 png\", 'menu_nw.p\n+000191d0: 6e67 222c 2065 7463 2e29 0a20 2020 2020 ng\", etc.). \n+000191e0: 6974 656d 5f70 6978 6d61 705f 7374 796c item_pixmap_styl\n+000191f0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 e Th\n+00019200: 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 e image file pat\n+00019210: 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 tern for the. \n 00019220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6974 it\n-00019240: 656d 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 782e 0a20 em styled box.. \n-00019250: 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 5f69 7465 selected_ite\n-00019260: 6d5f 7069 786d 6170 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 m_pixmap_style \n-00019270: 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 The image file\n-00019280: 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 pattern for the\n-00019290: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019240: 6974 656d 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 782e item styled box.\n+00019250: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 5f69 . selected_i\n+00019260: 7465 6d5f 7069 786d 6170 5f73 7479 6c65 tem_pixmap_style\n+00019270: 2020 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 The image fi\n+00019280: 6c65 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 le pattern for t\n+00019290: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n 000192a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000192b0: 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2069 7465 selected ite\n-000192c0: 6d20 6869 6768 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And. \n 00019740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019760: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 the center slice\n-00019770: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+00019760: 2020 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 the center sli\n+00019770: 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 ce of the. \n 00019780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c scrol\n-000197a0: 6c62 6172 5f74 6875 6d62 2063 616e 206d lbar_thumb can m\n-000197b0: 6f76 6520 616c 6c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ove all the. \n+00019790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 scr\n+000197a0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 6875 6d62 2063 616e ollbar_thumb can\n+000197b0: 206d 6f76 6520 616c 6c20 7468 650a 2020 move all the. \n 000197c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000197d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 w\n-000197e0: 6179 2028 6672 6f6d 2074 6f70 2074 6f20 ay (from top to \n-000197f0: 626f 7474 6f6d 292c 2062 6569 6e67 0a20 bottom), being. \n-00019800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000197d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000197e0: 2077 6179 2028 6672 6f6d 2074 6f70 2074 way (from top t\n+000197f0: 6f20 626f 7474 6f6d 292c 2062 6569 6e67 o bottom), being\n+00019800: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00019810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019820: 2020 6472 6177 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 drawn on the c\n-00019830: 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 enter slice of t\n-00019840: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+00019820: 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 drawn on the\n+00019830: 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 center slice of\n+00019840: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 00019850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019860: 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 scrollbar \n-00019870: 6672 616d 652e 2020 5468 6174 2077 6179 frame. That way\n-00019880: 2077 6520 6361 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 we can. \n+00019860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 scrollba\n+00019870: 7220 6672 616d 652e 2020 5468 6174 2077 r frame. That w\n+00019880: 6179 2077 6520 6361 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 ay we can. \n 00019890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000198a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 make \n-000198b0: 6120 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 7468 a scrollbar with\n-000198c0: 2072 6f75 6e64 2d73 6861 7065 640a 2020 round-shaped. \n+000198a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 616b mak\n+000198b0: 6520 6120 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 e a scrollbar wi\n+000198c0: 7468 2072 6f75 6e64 2d73 6861 7065 640a th round-shaped.\n 000198d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 000198e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000198f0: 2065 6467 6573 2073 6f20 7468 6572 6520 edges so there \n-00019900: 776f 6e27 7420 6265 2061 2066 7265 650a won't be a free.\n-00019910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000198f0: 2020 2065 6467 6573 2073 6f20 7468 6572 edges so ther\n+00019900: 6520 776f 6e27 7420 6265 2061 2066 7265 e won't be a fre\n+00019910: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n 00019920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019930: 2020 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 space from th\n-00019940: 6520 7468 756d 6220 746f 2074 6865 2066 e thumb to the f\n-00019950: 7261 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rame. \n+00019930: 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 space from \n+00019940: 7468 6520 7468 756d 6220 746f 2074 6865 the thumb to the\n+00019950: 2066 7261 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 frame. \n 00019960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 2074 6f70 2061 in top a\n-00019980: 6e64 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 7363 726f 6c6c nd bottom scroll\n-00019990: 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bar. \n+00019970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 2074 6f70 in top\n+00019980: 2061 6e64 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 7363 726f and bottom scro\n+00019990: 6c6c 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 llbar. \n 000199a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000199b0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e73 positions\n-000199c0: 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 . Default is \"f\n-000199d0: 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f alse\".. scro\n-000199e0: 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6520 2020 2020 llbar_slice \n-000199f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6d65 The me\n-00019a00: 6e75 2066 7261 6d65 2073 7479 6c65 6420 nu frame styled \n-00019a10: 626f 7827 7320 736c 6963 650a 2020 2020 box's slice. \n+000199b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6f73 6974 696f positio\n+000199c0: 6e73 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 ns. Default is \n+000199d0: 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 \"false\".. sc\n+000199e0: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6520 2020 rollbar_slice \n+000199f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n+00019a00: 6d65 6e75 2066 7261 6d65 2073 7479 6c65 menu frame style\n+00019a10: 6420 626f 7827 7320 736c 6963 650a 2020 d box's slice. \n 00019a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n-00019a40: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 7363 726f n which the scro\n-00019a50: 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 llbar will be. \n+00019a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019a40: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 7363 in which the sc\n+00019a50: 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 650a rollbar will be.\n 00019a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a80: 2064 7261 776e 2e20 2050 6f73 7369 626c drawn. Possibl\n-00019a90: 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2061 7265 0a20 2020 e values are. \n+00019a80: 2020 2064 7261 776e 2e20 2050 6f73 7369 drawn. Possi\n+00019a90: 626c 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2061 7265 0a20 ble values are. \n 00019aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019ac0: 2277 6573 7422 2c20 2263 656e 7465 7222 \"west\", \"center\"\n-00019ad0: 2c20 2265 6173 7422 0a20 2020 2020 2020 , \"east\". \n+00019ac0: 2020 2277 6573 7422 2c20 2263 656e 7465 \"west\", \"cente\n+00019ad0: 7222 2c20 2265 6173 7422 0a20 2020 2020 r\", \"east\". \n 00019ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2864 6566 (def\n-00019b00: 6175 6c74 292e 2020 2277 6573 7422 202d ault). \"west\" -\n-00019b10: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 0a20 the scrollbar. \n-00019b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2864 (d\n+00019b00: 6566 6175 6c74 292e 2020 2277 6573 7422 efault). \"west\"\n+00019b10: 202d 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 - the scrollbar\n+00019b20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00019b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b40: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 will be drawn \n-00019b50: 696e 2074 6865 2077 6573 7420 736c 6963 in the west slic\n-00019b60: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00019b40: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 will be draw\n+00019b50: 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2077 6573 7420 736c n in the west sl\n+00019b60: 6963 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ice. \n 00019b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b80: 2020 2020 2028 7269 6768 742d 616c 6967 (right-alig\n-00019b90: 6e65 6429 2e20 2022 6561 7374 2220 2d20 ned). \"east\" - \n-00019ba0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00019b80: 2020 2020 2020 2028 7269 6768 742d 616c (right-al\n+00019b90: 6967 6e65 6429 2e20 2022 6561 7374 2220 igned). \"east\" \n+00019ba0: 2d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 - the. \n 00019bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 scrollbar\n-00019bd0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 will be drawn i\n-00019be0: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n the. \n+00019bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 scrollb\n+00019bd0: 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e ar will be drawn\n+00019be0: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 in the. \n 00019bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6173 7420 736c east sl\n-00019c10: 6963 6520 286c 6566 742d 616c 6967 6e65 ice (left-aligne\n-00019c20: 6429 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d).. \n+00019c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6173 7420 east \n+00019c10: 736c 6963 6520 286c 6566 742d 616c 6967 slice (left-alig\n+00019c20: 6e65 6429 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ned).. \n 00019c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019c40: 2020 2020 2020 2022 6365 6e74 6572 2220 \"center\" \n-00019c50: 2d20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 - the scrollbar \n-00019c60: 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 will be. \n+00019c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6365 6e74 6572 \"center\n+00019c50: 2220 2d20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 \" - the scrollba\n+00019c60: 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 r will be. \n 00019c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7261 776e drawn\n-00019c90: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 in the center s\n-00019ca0: 6c69 6365 2e20 204e 6f74 653a 0a20 2020 lice. Note:. \n+00019c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7261 dra\n+00019c90: 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 wn in the center\n+00019ca0: 2073 6c69 6365 2e20 204e 6f74 653a 0a20 slice. Note:. \n 00019cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019cd0: 696e 2063 6173 6520 6f66 2022 6365 6e74 in case of \"cent\n-00019ce0: 6572 2220 736c 6963 653a 2061 2920 4966 er\" slice: a) If\n-00019cf0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019cd0: 2020 696e 2063 6173 6520 6f66 2022 6365 in case of \"ce\n+00019ce0: 6e74 6572 2220 736c 6963 653a 2061 2920 nter\" slice: a) \n+00019cf0: 4966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 If. \n 00019d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019d10: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 the scrollba\n-00019d20: 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6472 6177 r should be draw\n-00019d30: 6e20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 n then. \n+00019d10: 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c the scroll\n+00019d20: 6261 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6472 bar should be dr\n+00019d30: 6177 6e20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 awn then. \n 00019d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206d boot m\n-00019d60: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7927 7320 7769 6474 enu entry's widt\n-00019d70: 6820 6973 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h is. \n+00019d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 6f74 boot\n+00019d60: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7927 7320 7769 menu entry's wi\n+00019d70: 6474 6820 6973 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 dth is. \n 00019d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6372 6561 7365 decrease\n-00019da0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 d by the scrollb\n-00019db0: 6172 2773 2077 6964 7468 0a20 2020 2020 ar's width. \n+00019d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6372 6561 decrea\n+00019da0: 7365 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c sed by the scrol\n+00019db0: 6c62 6172 2773 2077 6964 7468 0a20 2020 lbar's width. \n 00019dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e an\n-00019de0: 6420 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 d the scrollbar \n-00019df0: 6973 2064 7261 776e 2061 7420 7468 650a is drawn at the.\n-00019e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019de0: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 and the scrollba\n+00019df0: 7220 6973 2064 7261 776e 2061 7420 7468 r is drawn at th\n+00019e00: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n 00019e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019e20: 2020 2072 6967 6874 2073 6964 6520 6f66 right side of\n-00019e30: 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 the center slic\n-00019e40: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e.. \n+00019e20: 2020 2020 2072 6967 6874 2073 6964 6520 right side \n+00019e30: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c of the center sl\n+00019e40: 6963 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ice.. \n 00019e50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019e60: 2020 2020 2020 6229 2049 6620 7468 6520 b) If the \n-00019e70: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 776f 6e27 7420 scrollbar won't \n-00019e80: 6265 2064 7261 776e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 be drawn. \n+00019e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6229 2049 6620 7468 b) If th\n+00019e70: 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 776f 6e27 e scrollbar won'\n+00019e80: 7420 6265 2064 7261 776e 0a20 2020 2020 t be drawn. \n 00019e90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 656e then\n-00019eb0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 the boot menu e\n-00019ec0: 6e74 7279 2773 2077 6964 7468 0a20 2020 ntry's width. \n+00019ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 th\n+00019eb0: 656e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 en the boot menu\n+00019ec0: 2065 6e74 7279 2773 2077 6964 7468 0a20 entry's width. \n 00019ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019ee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019ef0: 6973 2074 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 is the width of \n-00019f00: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 the center slice\n-00019f10: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n+00019ef0: 2020 6973 2074 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f is the width o\n+00019f00: 6620 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 f the center sli\n+00019f10: 6365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce.. \n 00019f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019f30: 2020 2020 2063 2920 5765 2064 6f6e 2774 c) We don't\n-00019f40: 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 206e 6565 6420 necessary need \n-00019f50: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00019f30: 2020 2020 2020 2063 2920 5765 2064 6f6e c) We don\n+00019f40: 2774 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 206e 6565 't necessary nee\n+00019f50: 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d the. \n 00019f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019f70: 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 7069 786d menu pixm\n-00019f80: 6170 2062 6f78 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 ap box to displa\n-00019f90: 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y the. \n+00019f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 7069 menu pi\n+00019f80: 786d 6170 2062 6f78 2074 6f20 6469 7370 xmap box to disp\n+00019f90: 6c61 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 lay the. \n 00019fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019fb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 scrollb\n-00019fc0: 6172 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 ar.. scrollb\n-00019fd0: 6172 5f6c 6566 745f 7061 6420 2020 2020 ar_left_pad \n-00019fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6566 7420 The left \n-00019ff0: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e scrollbar paddin\n-0001a000: 6720 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g in. \n+00019fb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c scrol\n+00019fc0: 6c62 6172 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c lbar.. scrol\n+00019fd0: 6c62 6172 5f6c 6566 745f 7061 6420 2020 lbar_left_pad \n+00019fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6566 The lef\n+00019ff0: 7420 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 6464 t scrollbar padd\n+0001a000: 696e 6720 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing in. \n 0001a010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e20 pixels. \n-0001a030: 2055 6e75 7365 6420 6966 0a20 2020 2020 Unused if. \n+0001a020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 pixels\n+0001a030: 2e20 2055 6e75 7365 6420 6966 0a20 2020 . Unused if. \n 0001a040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2273 \"s\n-0001a060: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 2220 crollbar_slice\" \n-0001a070: 6973 2022 7765 7374 222e 0a20 2020 2020 is \"west\".. \n-0001a080: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7269 6768 745f scrollbar_right_\n-0001a090: 7061 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 pad Th\n-0001a0a0: 6520 7269 6768 7420 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 e right scrollba\n-0001a0b0: 7220 7061 6464 696e 6720 696e 0a20 2020 r padding in. \n+0001a050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a060: 2273 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 \"scrollbar_slice\n+0001a070: 2220 6973 2022 7765 7374 222e 0a20 2020 \" is \"west\".. \n+0001a080: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7269 6768 scrollbar_righ\n+0001a090: 745f 7061 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_pad \n+0001a0a0: 5468 6520 7269 6768 7420 7363 726f 6c6c The right scroll\n+0001a0b0: 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e 6720 696e 0a20 bar padding in. \n 0001a0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a0e0: 7069 7865 6c73 2e20 2055 6e75 7365 6420 pixels. Unused \n-0001a0f0: 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 if. \n+0001a0e0: 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e20 2055 6e75 7365 pixels. Unuse\n+0001a0f0: 6420 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d if. \n 0001a100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a110: 2020 2020 2020 2273 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 \"scrollbar\n-0001a120: 5f73 6c69 6365 2220 6973 2022 6561 7374 _slice\" is \"east\n-0001a130: 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 \".. scrollba\n-0001a140: 725f 746f 705f 7061 6420 2020 2020 2020 r_top_pad \n-0001a150: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 746f 7020 7363 The top sc\n-0001a160: 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e 6720 rollbar padding \n-0001a170: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n+0001a110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2273 6372 6f6c 6c62 \"scrollb\n+0001a120: 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 2220 6973 2022 6561 ar_slice\" is \"ea\n+0001a130: 7374 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c st\".. scroll\n+0001a140: 6261 725f 746f 705f 7061 6420 2020 2020 bar_top_pad \n+0001a150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 746f 7020 The top \n+0001a160: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e scrollbar paddin\n+0001a170: 6720 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g in. \n 0001a180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a190: 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a 2020 pixels.. \n-0001a1a0: 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f62 6f74 scrollbar_bot\n-0001a1b0: 746f 6d5f 7061 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 tom_pad \n-0001a1c0: 2054 6865 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 7363 726f The bottom scro\n-0001a1d0: 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e 6720 696e llbar padding in\n-0001a1e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a pixels..\n+0001a1a0: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f62 scrollbar_b\n+0001a1b0: 6f74 746f 6d5f 7061 6420 2020 2020 2020 ottom_pad \n+0001a1c0: 2020 2054 6865 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 7363 The bottom sc\n+0001a1d0: 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e 6720 rollbar padding \n+0001a1e0: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n 0001a1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a200: 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a 2020 2020 pixels.. \n-0001a210: 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 visible \n-0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 S\n-0001a230: 6574 2074 6f20 2266 616c 7365 2220 746f et to \"false\" to\n-0001a240: 2068 6964 6520 7468 6520 626f 6f74 0a20 hide the boot. \n-0001a250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a200: 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a 2020 pixels.. \n+0001a210: 2020 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2020 2020 2020 visible \n+0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a230: 2053 6574 2074 6f20 2266 616c 7365 2220 Set to \"false\" \n+0001a240: 746f 2068 6964 6520 7468 6520 626f 6f74 to hide the boot\n+0001a250: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a270: 2020 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 6361 menu... * ca\n-0001a280: 6e76 6173 2043 616e 7661 7320 6973 2061 nvas Canvas is a\n-0001a290: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2074 6861 7420 container that \n-0001a2a0: 616c 6c6f 7773 206d 616e 7561 6c20 706c allows manual pl\n-0001a2b0: 6163 656d 656e 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 acement of. \n-0001a2c0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2077 6974 6869 components withi\n-0001a2d0: 6e20 6974 2e20 2049 7420 646f 6573 206e n it. It does n\n-0001a2e0: 6f74 2061 6c74 6572 2074 6865 2070 6f73 ot alter the pos\n-0001a2f0: 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6620 6974 7320 6368 itions of its ch\n-0001a300: 696c 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 ild. compone\n-0001a310: 6e74 732e 2020 4974 2061 7373 6967 6e73 nts. It assigns\n-0001a320: 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 2063 6f6d 706f all child compo\n-0001a330: 6e65 6e74 7320 7468 6569 7220 7072 6566 nents their pref\n-0001a340: 6572 7265 6420 7369 7a65 732e 0a0a 2020 erred sizes... \n-0001a350: 202a 2068 626f 7820 5468 6520 2a68 626f * hbox The *hbo\n-0001a360: 782a 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 206c 6179 x* container lay\n-0001a370: 7320 6f75 7420 6974 7320 6368 696c 6472 s out its childr\n-0001a380: 656e 2066 726f 6d20 6c65 6674 2074 6f20 en from left to \n-0001a390: 7269 6768 742c 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7669 right,. givi\n-0001a3a0: 6e67 2065 6163 6820 6f6e 6520 6974 7320 ng each one its \n-0001a3b0: 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 7769 6474 682e preferred width.\n-0001a3c0: 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 The height of \n-0001a3d0: 6561 6368 2063 6869 6c64 2069 730a 2020 each child is. \n-0001a3e0: 2020 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 set to the ma\n-0001a3f0: 7869 6d75 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 7265 ximum of the pre\n-0001a400: 6665 7272 6564 2068 6569 6768 7473 206f ferred heights o\n-0001a410: 6620 616c 6c20 6368 696c 6472 656e 2e0a f all children..\n-0001a420: 0a20 2020 2a20 7662 6f78 2054 6865 202a . * vbox The *\n-0001a430: 7662 6f78 2a20 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 vbox* container \n-0001a440: 6c61 7973 206f 7574 2069 7473 2063 6869 lays out its chi\n-0001a450: 6c64 7265 6e20 6672 6f6d 2074 6f70 2074 ldren from top t\n-0001a460: 6f20 626f 7474 6f6d 2c0a 2020 2020 2067 o bottom,. g\n-0001a470: 6976 696e 6720 6561 6368 206f 6e65 2069 iving each one i\n-0001a480: 7473 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2068 6569 ts preferred hei\n-0001a490: 6768 742e 2020 5468 6520 7769 6474 6820 ght. The width \n-0001a4a0: 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6368 696c 6420 6973 of each child is\n-0001a4b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 746f 2074 6865 . set to the\n-0001a4c0: 206d 6178 696d 756d 206f 6620 7468 6520 maximum of the \n-0001a4d0: 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 7769 6474 6873 preferred widths\n-0001a4e0: 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6368 696c 6472 656e of all children\n-0001a4f0: 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e36 2043 6f6d 6d6f 6e20 ...7.3.6 Common \n-0001a500: 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d properties.-----\n+0001a270: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 menu... * \n+0001a280: 6361 6e76 6173 2043 616e 7661 7320 6973 canvas Canvas is\n+0001a290: 2061 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2074 6861 a container tha\n+0001a2a0: 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 206d 616e 7561 6c20 t allows manual \n+0001a2b0: 706c 6163 656d 656e 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 placement of. \n+0001a2c0: 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2077 6974 components wit\n+0001a2d0: 6869 6e20 6974 2e20 2049 7420 646f 6573 hin it. It does\n+0001a2e0: 206e 6f74 2061 6c74 6572 2074 6865 2070 not alter the p\n+0001a2f0: 6f73 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6620 6974 7320 ositions of its \n+0001a300: 6368 696c 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f child. compo\n+0001a310: 6e65 6e74 732e 2020 4974 2061 7373 6967 nents. It assig\n+0001a320: 6e73 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 2063 6f6d ns all child com\n+0001a330: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7468 6569 7220 7072 ponents their pr\n+0001a340: 6566 6572 7265 6420 7369 7a65 732e 0a0a eferred sizes...\n+0001a350: 2020 202a 2068 626f 7820 5468 6520 2a68 * hbox The *h\n+0001a360: 626f 782a 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 206c box* container l\n+0001a370: 6179 7320 6f75 7420 6974 7320 6368 696c ays out its chil\n+0001a380: 6472 656e 2066 726f 6d20 6c65 6674 2074 dren from left t\n+0001a390: 6f20 7269 6768 742c 0a20 2020 2020 6769 o right,. gi\n+0001a3a0: 7669 6e67 2065 6163 6820 6f6e 6520 6974 ving each one it\n+0001a3b0: 7320 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 7769 6474 s preferred widt\n+0001a3c0: 682e 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f h. 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The widt\n+0001a4a0: 6820 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6368 696c 6420 h of each child \n+0001a4b0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 746f 2074 is. set to t\n+0001a4c0: 6865 206d 6178 696d 756d 206f 6620 7468 he maximum of th\n+0001a4d0: 6520 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 7769 6474 e preferred widt\n+0001a4e0: 6873 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6368 696c 6472 hs of all childr\n+0001a4f0: 656e 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e36 2043 6f6d 6d6f en...7.3.6 Commo\n+0001a500: 6e20 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 0a2d 2d2d n properties.---\n 0001a510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0001a520: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e --..The followin\n-0001a530: 6720 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 2061 7265 g properties are\n-0001a540: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 616c supported by al\n-0001a550: 6c20 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 3a0a 276c l components:.'l\n-0001a560: 6566 7427 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6469 eft'. The di\n-0001a570: 7374 616e 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 stance from the \n-0001a580: 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2063 left border of c\n-0001a590: 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2074 6f20 6c65 6674 ontainer to left\n-0001a5a0: 2062 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 border of. \n-0001a5b0: 7468 6520 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 6569 the object in ei\n-0001a5c0: 7468 6572 206f 6620 7468 7265 6520 666f ther of three fo\n-0001a5d0: 726d 6174 733a 0a20 2020 2020 7820 2020 rmats:. x \n-0001a5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 616c 7565 Value\n-0001a5f0: 2069 6e20 7069 7865 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 in pixels. \n-0001a600: 7025 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 p% P\n-0001a610: 6572 6365 6e74 6167 650a 2020 2020 2070 ercentage. p\n-0001a620: 252b 7820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d69 %+x mi\n-0001a630: 7874 7572 6520 6f66 2062 6f74 680a 2774 xture of both.'t\n-0001a640: 6f70 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6973 op'. The dis\n-0001a650: 7461 6e63 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206c tance from the l\n-0001a660: 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f 6620 636f eft border of co\n-0001a670: 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 746f 206c 6566 7420 ntainer to left \n-0001a680: 626f 7264 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 border of. t\n-0001a690: 6865 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e 2073 616d he object in sam\n-0001a6a0: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 2777 6964 7468 e format..'width\n-0001a6b0: 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 '. The width\n-0001a6c0: 206f 6620 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 7361 of object in sa\n-0001a6d0: 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a27 6865 6967 me format..'heig\n-0001a6e0: 6874 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2068 6569 ht'. The hei\n-0001a6f0: 6768 7420 6f66 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e ght of object in\n-0001a700: 2073 616d 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 2769 same format..'i\n-0001a710: 6427 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6964 656e d'. The iden\n-0001a720: 7469 6669 6572 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2063 tifier for the c\n-0001a730: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 omponent. This \n-0001a740: 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 2061 7262 6974 can be any arbit\n-0001a750: 7261 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7269 6e67 rary. string\n-0001a760: 2e20 2054 6865 2049 4420 6361 6e20 6265 . The ID can be\n-0001a770: 2075 7365 6420 6279 2073 6372 6970 7473 used by scripts\n-0001a780: 2074 6f20 7265 6665 7220 746f 2076 6172 to refer to var\n-0001a790: 696f 7573 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e ious. compon\n-0001a7a0: 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4755 4920 ents in the GUI \n-0001a7b0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7472 6565 2e20 component tree. \n-0001a7c0: 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2c20 7468 6572 Currently, ther\n-0001a7d0: 6520 6973 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 7370 e is one. sp\n-0001a7e0: 6563 6961 6c20 4944 2076 616c 7565 2074 ecial ID value t\n-0001a7f0: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 hat GRUB recogni\n-0001a800: 7a65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2022 5f5f 7469 zes:.. \"__ti\n-0001a810: 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2020 436f 6d70 6f6e meout__\" Compon\n-0001a820: 656e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 4944 ent with this ID\n-0001a830: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2075 7064 6174 6564 will be updated\n-0001a840: 2062 7920 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 2020 by GRUB. \n-0001a850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 and\n-0001a860: 2077 696c 6c20 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 will indicate t\n-0001a870: 696d 6520 656c 6170 7365 6420 746f 2061 ime elapsed to a\n-0001a880: 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c0a 2020 n automatical. \n+0001a520: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ----..The follow\n+0001a530: 696e 6720 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 2061 ing properties a\n+0001a540: 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 re supported by \n+0001a550: 616c 6c20 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 3a0a all components:.\n+0001a560: 276c 6566 7427 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 'left'. The \n+0001a570: 6469 7374 616e 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 distance from th\n+0001a580: 6520 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 e left border of\n+0001a590: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2074 6f20 6c65 container to le\n+0001a5a0: 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 ft border of. \n+0001a5b0: 2020 7468 6520 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 the object in \n+0001a5c0: 6569 7468 6572 206f 6620 7468 7265 6520 either of three \n+0001a5d0: 666f 726d 6174 733a 0a20 2020 2020 7820 formats:. x \n+0001a5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 616c Val\n+0001a5f0: 7565 2069 6e20 7069 7865 6c73 0a20 2020 ue in pixels. \n+0001a600: 2020 7025 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p% \n+0001a610: 2050 6572 6365 6e74 6167 650a 2020 2020 Percentage. \n+0001a620: 2070 252b 7820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p%+x \n+0001a630: 6d69 7874 7572 6520 6f66 2062 6f74 680a mixture of both.\n+0001a640: 2774 6f70 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 'top'. The d\n+0001a650: 6973 7461 6e63 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 istance from the\n+0001a660: 206c 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f 6620 left border of \n+0001a670: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 746f 206c 6566 container to lef\n+0001a680: 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 t border of. \n+0001a690: 2074 6865 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e 2073 the object in s\n+0001a6a0: 616d 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 2777 6964 ame format..'wid\n+0001a6b0: 7468 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2077 6964 th'. The wid\n+0001a6c0: 7468 206f 6620 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 th of object in \n+0001a6d0: 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a27 6865 same format..'he\n+0001a6e0: 6967 6874 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2068 ight'. The h\n+0001a6f0: 6569 6768 7420 6f66 206f 626a 6563 7420 eight of object \n+0001a700: 696e 2073 616d 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a in same format..\n+0001a710: 2769 6427 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6964 'id'. The id\n+0001a720: 656e 7469 6669 6572 2066 6f72 2074 6865 entifier for the\n+0001a730: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e20 2054 6869 component. Thi\n+0001a740: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 2061 7262 s can be any arb\n+0001a750: 6974 7261 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7269 itrary. stri\n+0001a760: 6e67 2e20 2054 6865 2049 4420 6361 6e20 ng. The ID can \n+0001a770: 6265 2075 7365 6420 6279 2073 6372 6970 be used by scrip\n+0001a780: 7473 2074 6f20 7265 6665 7220 746f 2076 ts to refer to v\n+0001a790: 6172 696f 7573 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 arious. comp\n+0001a7a0: 6f6e 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4755 onents in the GU\n+0001a7b0: 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7472 6565 I component tree\n+0001a7c0: 2e20 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2c20 7468 . Currently, th\n+0001a7d0: 6572 6520 6973 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 ere is one. \n+0001a7e0: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 4944 2076 616c 7565 special ID value\n+0001a7f0: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2072 6563 6f67 that GRUB recog\n+0001a800: 6e69 7a65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2022 5f5f nizes:.. \"__\n+0001a810: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2020 436f 6d70 timeout__\" Comp\n+0001a820: 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 onent with this \n+0001a830: 4944 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2075 7064 6174 ID will be updat\n+0001a840: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 ed by GRUB. \n+0001a850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 a\n+0001a860: 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 696e 6469 6361 7465 nd will indicate\n+0001a870: 2074 696d 6520 656c 6170 7365 6420 746f time elapsed to\n+0001a880: 2061 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c0a an automatical.\n 0001a890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a8a0: 2020 626f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 6465 boot of the de\n-0001a8b0: 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 2020 4166 fault entry. Af\n-0001a8c0: 6665 6374 6564 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 fected component\n-0001a8d0: 733a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s:. \n-0001a8e0: 2020 2020 2020 2022 6c61 6265 6c22 2c20 \"label\", \n-0001a8f0: 2263 6972 6375 6c61 725f 7072 6f67 7265 \"circular_progre\n-0001a900: 7373 222c 2022 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f62 ss\", \"progress_b\n-0001a910: 6172 222e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ar\".....File: gr\n-0001a920: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0001a930: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 Network, Next: \n-0001a940: 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c Serial terminal,\n-0001a950: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 Prev: Theme fi\n-0001a960: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 5570 3a20 le format, Up: \n-0001a970: 546f 700a 0a38 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 Top..8 Booting G\n-0001a980: 5255 4220 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206e 6574 RUB from the net\n-0001a990: 776f 726b 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a work.***********\n+0001a8a0: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 boot of the \n+0001a8b0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 2020 default entry. \n+0001a8c0: 4166 6665 6374 6564 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 Affected compone\n+0001a8d0: 6e74 733a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nts:. \n+0001a8e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6c61 6265 6c22 \"label\"\n+0001a8f0: 2c20 2263 6972 6375 6c61 725f 7072 6f67 , \"circular_prog\n+0001a900: 7265 7373 222c 2022 7072 6f67 7265 7373 ress\", \"progress\n+0001a910: 5f62 6172 222e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 _bar\".....File: \n+0001a920: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0001a930: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 : Network, Next\n+0001a940: 3a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 : Serial termina\n+0001a950: 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5468 656d 6520 l, Prev: Theme \n+0001a960: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 5570 file format, Up\n+0001a970: 3a20 546f 700a 0a38 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 : Top..8 Booting\n+0001a980: 2047 5255 4220 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206e GRUB from the n\n+0001a990: 6574 776f 726b 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a etwork.*********\n 0001a9a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001a9b0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ****..The follow\n-0001a9c0: 696e 6720 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e73 ing instructions\n-0001a9d0: 2064 6f6e 2774 2077 6f72 6b20 666f 7220 don't work for \n-0001a9e0: 2a2d 656d 752c 2069 3338 362d 7165 6d75 *-emu, i386-qemu\n-0001a9f0: 2c0a 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c ,.i386-coreboot,\n-0001aa00: 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c i386-multiboot,\n-0001aa10: 206d 6970 735f 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2c20 mips_loongson, \n-0001aa20: 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 2061 6e64 0a6d 6970 mips-arc and.mip\n-0001aa30: 735f 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 730a 0a20 2020 s_qemu_mips.. \n-0001aa40: 546f 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6120 6e65 To generate a ne\n-0001aa50: 7462 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 6469 7265 6374 tbootable direct\n-0001aa60: 6f72 792c 2072 756e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ory, run:.. \n-0001aa70: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 2d2d grub-mknetdir --\n-0001aa80: 6e65 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f73 net-directory=/s\n-0001aa90: 7276 2f74 6674 7020 2d2d 7375 6264 6972 rv/tftp --subdir\n-0001aaa0: 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 6220 2d64 202f =/boot/grub -d /\n-0001aab0: 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f3c 706c usr/lib/grub/.. E.g.\n-0001aad0: 2020 666f 7220 6933 3836 2d70 633a 0a0a for i386-pc:..\n-0001aae0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 grub-mknetd\n-0001aaf0: 6972 202d 2d6e 6574 2d64 6972 6563 746f ir --net-directo\n-0001ab00: 7279 3d2f 7372 762f 7466 7470 202d 2d73 ry=/srv/tftp --s\n-0001ab10: 7562 6469 723d 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ubdir=/boot/grub\n-0001ab20: 202d 6420 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 -d /usr/lib/gru\n-0001ab30: 622f 6933 3836 2d70 630a 0a20 2020 5468 b/i386-pc.. Th\n-0001ab40: 656e 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7720 696e 7374 7275 en follow instru\n-0001ab50: 6374 696f 6e73 2070 7269 6e74 6564 206f ctions printed o\n-0001ab60: 7574 2062 7920 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 ut by grub-mknet\n-0001ab70: 6469 7220 6f6e 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7269 dir on configuri\n-0001ab80: 6e67 0a79 6f75 7220 4448 4350 2073 6572 ng.your DHCP ser\n-0001ab90: 7665 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2067 7275 ver... The gru\n-0001aba0: 622e 6366 6720 6669 6c65 2069 7320 706c b.cfg file is pl\n-0001abb0: 6163 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 aced in the same\n-0001abc0: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 7468 directory as th\n-0001abd0: 6520 7061 7468 206f 7574 7075 740a 6279 e path output.by\n-0001abe0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 2068 grub-mknetdir h\n-0001abf0: 6572 6561 6674 6572 2072 6566 6572 7265 ereafter referre\n-0001ac00: 6420 746f 2061 7320 4657 5041 5448 2e20 d to as FWPATH. \n-0001ac10: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6172 6368 GRUB will search\n-0001ac20: 2066 6f72 0a69 7473 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 for.its configu\n-0001ac30: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 ration files in \n-0001ac40: 6f72 6465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 order using the \n-0001ac50: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7275 6c65 7320 following rules \n-0001ac60: 7768 6572 6520 7468 650a 6170 7065 6e64 where the.append\n-0001ac70: 6564 2076 616c 7565 2063 6f72 7265 7370 ed value corresp\n-0001ac80: 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 6120 7661 6c75 6520 onds to a value \n-0001ac90: 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 6d61 on the client ma\n-0001aca0: 6368 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 2846 chine... '(F\n-0001acb0: 5750 4154 4829 272f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 WPATH)'/grub.cfg\n-0001acc0: 2d27 2855 5549 4420 4f46 204d 4143 4849 -'(UUID OF MACHI\n-0001acd0: 4e45 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2728 4657 5041 NE)'. '(FWPA\n-0001ace0: 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 2728 TH)'/grub.cfg-'(\n-0001acf0: 4d41 4320 4144 4452 4553 5320 4f46 204e MAC ADDRESS OF N\n-0001ad00: 4943 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2728 4657 5041 IC)'. '(FWPA\n-0001ad10: 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 2728 TH)'/grub.cfg-'(\n-0001ad20: 4950 7634 204f 5220 4950 7636 2041 4444 IPv4 OR IPv6 ADD\n-0001ad30: 5245 5353 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2728 4657 RESS)'. '(FW\n-0001ad40: 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e 6366 670a PATH)'/grub.cfg.\n-0001ad50: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 5555 4944 2069 7320 . The UUID is \n-0001ad60: 7468 6520 436c 6965 6e74 204d 6163 6869 the Client Machi\n-0001ad70: 6e65 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 4f70 ne Identifier Op\n-0001ad80: 7469 6f6e 2044 6566 696e 6974 696f 6e20 tion Definition \n-0001ad90: 6173 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 as.specified in \n-0001ada0: 5246 4320 3435 3738 2e20 2054 6865 2063 RFC 4578. The c\n-0001adb0: 6c69 656e 7420 7769 6c6c 206f 6e6c 7920 lient will only \n-0001adc0: 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c 6f6f 756b attempt to loouk\n-0001add0: 2075 7020 6120 5555 4944 0a63 6f6e 6669 up a UUID.confi\n-0001ade0: 6720 6669 6c65 2069 6620 6974 2077 6173 g file if it was\n-0001adf0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 provided by the\n-0001ae00: 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 2e0a 0a20 DHCP server... \n-0001ae10: 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2077 696c The client wil\n-0001ae20: 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 l only attempt t\n-0001ae30: 6f20 6c6f 6f6b 2075 7020 616e 2049 5076 o look up an IPv\n-0001ae40: 3620 6164 6472 6573 7320 636f 6e66 6967 6 address config\n-0001ae50: 206f 6e63 652c 0a68 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 once,.however, \n-0001ae60: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 7468 6520 it will try the \n-0001ae70: 4950 7634 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7469 IPv4 multiple ti\n-0001ae80: 6d65 732e 2020 5468 6520 636f 6e63 7265 mes. The concre\n-0001ae90: 7465 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 0a62 656c 6f77 te example.below\n-0001aea0: 2073 686f 7773 2077 6861 7420 776f 756c shows what woul\n-0001aeb0: 6420 6861 7070 656e 2075 6e64 6572 2074 d happen under t\n-0001aec0: 6865 2049 5076 3420 6361 7365 2e0a 0a20 he IPv4 case... \n-0001aed0: 2020 2020 5555 4944 3a20 3737 3236 6136 UUID: 7726a6\n-0001aee0: 3738 2d37 6663 302d 3438 3533 2d61 3466 78-7fc0-4853-a4f\n-0001aef0: 362d 6338 3561 6333 3661 3132 3061 0a20 6-c85ac36a120a. \n-0001af00: 2020 2020 4d41 433a 2020 3532 3a35 343a MAC: 52:54:\n-0001af10: 3030 3a65 633a 3333 3a38 310a 2020 2020 00:ec:33:81. \n-0001af20: 2049 5056 343a 2031 302e 302e 302e 3133 IPV4: 10.0.0.13\n-0001af30: 3020 2830 4130 3030 3038 3229 0a0a 2020 0 (0A000082).. \n-0001af40: 2020 2027 2846 5750 4154 4829 272f 6772 '(FWPATH)'/gr\n-0001af50: 7562 2e63 6667 2d37 3732 3661 3637 382d ub.cfg-7726a678-\n-0001af60: 3766 6330 2d34 3835 332d 6134 6636 2d63 7fc0-4853-a4f6-c\n-0001af70: 3835 6163 3336 6131 3230 610a 2020 2020 85ac36a120a. \n-0001af80: 2027 2846 5750 4154 4829 272f 6772 7562 '(FWPATH)'/grub\n-0001af90: 2e63 6667 2d35 322d 3534 2d30 302d 6563 .cfg-52-54-00-ec\n-0001afa0: 2d33 332d 3831 0a20 2020 2020 2728 4657 -33-81. '(FW\n-0001afb0: 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d PATH)'/grub.cfg-\n-0001afc0: 3041 3030 3030 3832 0a20 2020 2020 2728 0A000082. '(\n-0001afd0: 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e 6366 FWPATH)'/grub.cf\n-0001afe0: 672d 3041 3030 3030 380a 2020 2020 2027 g-0A00008. '\n-0001aff0: 2846 5750 4154 4829 272f 6772 7562 2e63 (FWPATH)'/grub.c\n-0001b000: 6667 2d30 4130 3030 300a 2020 2020 2027 fg-0A0000. '\n-0001b010: 2846 5750 4154 4829 272f 6772 7562 2e63 (FWPATH)'/grub.c\n-0001b020: 6667 2d30 4130 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2728 fg-0A000. '(\n-0001b030: 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e 6366 FWPATH)'/grub.cf\n-0001b040: 672d 3041 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2728 4657 g-0A00. '(FW\n-0001b050: 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d PATH)'/grub.cfg-\n-0001b060: 3041 300a 2020 2020 2027 2846 5750 4154 0A0. '(FWPAT\n-0001b070: 4829 272f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 410a H)'/grub.cfg-0A.\n-0001b080: 2020 2020 2027 2846 5750 4154 4829 272f '(FWPATH)'/\n-0001b090: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 0a20 2020 2020 grub.cfg-0. \n-0001b0a0: 2728 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e '(FWPATH)'/grub.\n-0001b0b0: 6366 670a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2066 6561 cfg.. This fea\n-0001b0c0: 7475 7265 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 6420 ture is enabled \n-0001b0d0: 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2062 7574 2069 by default but i\n-0001b0e0: 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6973 6162 6c65 t can be disable\n-0001b0f0: 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 d by setting.the\n-0001b100: 2027 6665 6174 7572 655f 6e65 745f 7365 'feature_net_se\n-0001b110: 6172 6368 5f63 6667 2720 746f 2027 6e27 arch_cfg' to 'n'\n-0001b120: 2e20 2053 696e 6365 2074 6869 7320 6861 . Since this ha\n-0001b130: 7070 656e 7320 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 ppens before the\n-0001b140: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 .configuration f\n-0001b150: 696c 6520 6973 2072 6561 6420 6279 2047 ile is read by G\n-0001b160: 5255 422c 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e RUB, this option\n-0001b170: 2068 6173 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6973 6162 has to be disab\n-0001b180: 6c65 6420 696e 2061 6e0a 656d 6265 6464 led in an.embedd\n-0001b190: 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ed configuration\n-0001b1a0: 2066 696c 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6d62 file (*note Emb\n-0001b1b0: 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 edded configurat\n-0001b1c0: 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 7465 ion::)... Afte\n-0001b1d0: 7220 4752 5542 2068 6173 2073 7461 7274 r GRUB has start\n-0001b1e0: 6564 2c20 6669 6c65 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 ed, files on the\n-0001b1f0: 2054 4654 5020 7365 7276 6572 2077 696c TFTP server wil\n-0001b200: 6c20 6265 2061 6363 6573 7369 626c 650a l be accessible.\n-0001b210: 7669 6120 7468 6520 2728 7466 7470 2927 via the '(tftp)'\n-0001b220: 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 device... The\n-0001b230: 2073 6572 7665 7220 4950 2061 6464 7265 server IP addre\n-0001b240: 7373 2063 616e 2062 6520 636f 6e74 726f ss can be contro\n-0001b250: 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 6368 616e 6769 6e67 lled by changing\n-0001b260: 2074 6865 2027 2874 6674 7029 270a 6465 the '(tftp)'.de\n-0001b270: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 746f 2027 2874 vice name to '(t\n-0001b280: 6674 702c 5345 5256 4552 2d49 5029 272e ftp,SERVER-IP)'.\n-0001b290: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 Note that this\n-0001b2a0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2063 6861 6e67 should be chang\n-0001b2b0: 6564 0a62 6f74 6820 696e 2074 6865 2070 ed.both in the p\n-0001b2c0: 7265 6669 7820 616e 6420 696e 2061 6e79 refix and in any\n-0001b2d0: 2072 6566 6572 656e 6365 7320 746f 2074 references to t\n-0001b2e0: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2069 he device name i\n-0001b2f0: 6e20 7468 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 n the.configurat\n-0001b300: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 ion file... GR\n-0001b310: 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 7365 7665 UB provides seve\n-0001b320: 7261 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ral environment \n-0001b330: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7768 6963 6820 variables which \n-0001b340: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 0a69 may be used to.i\n-0001b350: 6e73 7065 6374 206f 7220 6368 616e 6765 nspect or change\n-0001b360: 2074 6865 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f the behaviour o\n-0001b370: 6620 7468 6520 5058 4520 6465 7669 6365 f the PXE device\n-0001b380: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 . In the follow\n-0001b390: 696e 670a 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e20 ing.description \n-0001b3a0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e20 6973 2070 is p\n-0001b3b0: 6c61 6365 686f 6c64 6572 2066 6f72 2074 laceholder for t\n-0001b3c0: 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 206e 6574 776f he name of netwo\n-0001b3d0: 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a28 706c rk interface.(pl\n-0001b3e0: 6174 666f 726d 2064 6570 656e 6465 6e74 atform dependent\n-0001b3f0: 293a 0a0a 276e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ):..'net__ip'. Th\n-0001b410: 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 7266 e network interf\n-0001b420: 6163 6527 7320 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 ace's IP address\n-0001b430: 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0a27 . Read-only...'\n-0001b440: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-0001b450: 6d61 6327 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6e65 mac'. The ne\n-0001b460: 7477 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 twork interface'\n-0001b470: 7320 4d41 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 s MAC address. \n-0001b480: 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a 276e 6574 Read-only...'net\n-0001b490: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 __hos\n-0001b4a0: 746e 616d 6527 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 tname'. The \n-0001b4b0: 636c 6965 6e74 2068 6f73 7420 6e61 6d65 client host name\n-0001b4c0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 provided by DHC\n-0001b4d0: 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0a27 P. Read-only...'\n-0001b4e0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-0001b4f0: 646f 6d61 696e 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 domain'. The\n-0001b500: 2063 6c69 656e 7420 646f 6d61 696e 206e client domain n\n-0001b510: 616d 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 ame provided by \n-0001b520: 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e DHCP. Read-only.\n-0001b530: 0a0a 276e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 ..'net__rootpath'. \n-0001b550: 2020 5468 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 7468 The path to th\n-0001b560: 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 e client's root \n-0001b570: 6469 736b 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 disk provided by\n-0001b580: 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 DHCP. Read-only\n-0001b590: 2e0a 0a27 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ...'net__extensionspa\n-0001b5b0: 7468 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 6174 th'. The pat\n-0001b5c0: 6820 746f 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 h to additional \n-0001b5d0: 4448 4350 2076 656e 646f 7220 6578 7465 DHCP vendor exte\n-0001b5e0: 6e73 696f 6e73 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 nsions provided \n-0001b5f0: 6279 2044 4843 502e 0a20 2020 2020 5265 by DHCP.. Re\n-0001b600: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a 276e 6574 5f3c ad-only...'net_<\n-0001b610: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f 745f INTERFACE>_boot_\n-0001b620: 6669 6c65 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2062 file'. The b\n-0001b630: 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7072 oot file name pr\n-0001b640: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 ovided by DHCP. \n-0001b650: 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a 276e 6574 Read-only...'net\n-0001b660: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6863 __dhc\n-0001b670: 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 6527 0a20 p_server_name'. \n-0001b680: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 The name of \n-0001b690: 7468 6520 4448 4350 2073 6572 7665 7220 the DHCP server \n-0001b6a0: 7265 7370 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f 7220 responsible for \n-0001b6b0: 7468 6573 6520 626f 6f74 2070 6172 616d these boot param\n-0001b6c0: 6574 6572 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 eters.. Read\n-0001b6d0: 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a 276e 6574 5f3c 494e -only...'net__next_se\n-0001b6f0: 7276 6572 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2049 rver'. The I\n-0001b700: 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2074 6865 P address of the\n-0001b710: 206e 6578 7420 2875 7375 616c 6c79 2c20 next (usually, \n-0001b720: 5446 5450 2920 7365 7276 6572 2070 726f TFTP) server pro\n-0001b730: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 0a20 vided by DHCP.. \n-0001b740: 2020 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a Read-only...\n-0001b750: 276e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 'net_default_int\n-0001b760: 6572 6661 6365 270a 2020 2020 2049 6e69 erface'. Ini\n-0001b770: 7469 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6e61 tially set to na\n-0001b780: 6d65 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696e me of network in\n-0001b790: 7465 7266 6163 6520 7468 6174 2077 6173 terface that was\n-0001b7a0: 2075 7365 6420 746f 206c 6f61 640a 2020 used to load. \n-0001b7b0: 2020 2067 7275 622e 2020 5265 6164 2d77 grub. Read-w\n-0001b7c0: 7269 7465 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2073 rite, although s\n-0001b7d0: 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7420 6166 6665 6374 etting it affect\n-0001b7e0: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 s only interpret\n-0001b7f0: 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 276e ation. of 'n\n-0001b800: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 7027 2061 et_default_ip' a\n-0001b810: 6e64 2027 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f nd 'net_default_\n-0001b820: 6d61 6327 0a0a 276e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 mac'..'net_defau\n-0001b830: 6c74 5f69 7027 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 lt_ip'. The \n-0001b840: 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 6465 IP address of de\n-0001b850: 6661 756c 7420 696e 7465 7266 6163 652e fault interface.\n-0001b860: 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 2020 5468 Read-only. Th\n-0001b870: 6973 2069 7320 616c 6961 7320 666f 720a is is alias for.\n-0001b880: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2027 6e65 745f 247b the 'net_${\n-0001b890: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 net_default_inte\n-0001b8a0: 7266 6163 657d 5f69 7027 2e0a 0a27 6e65 rface}_ip'...'ne\n-0001b8b0: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 6327 0a20 t_default_mac'. \n-0001b8c0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 The default \n-0001b8d0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 7320 4d41 4320 interface's MAC \n-0001b8e0: 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 5265 6164 2d6f address. Read-o\n-0001b8f0: 6e6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 616c nly. This is al\n-0001b900: 6961 7320 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 ias for. the\n-0001b910: 2027 6e65 745f 247b 6e65 745f 6465 6661 'net_${net_defa\n-0001b920: 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 657d 5f6d ult_interface}_m\n-0001b930: 6163 272e 0a0a 276e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 ac'...'net_defau\n-0001b940: 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 7227 0a20 2020 2020 lt_server'. \n-0001b950: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7365 7276 The default serv\n-0001b960: 6572 2075 7365 6420 6279 206e 6574 776f er used by netwo\n-0001b970: 726b 2064 7269 7665 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 rk drives (*note\n-0001b980: 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a Device syntax::\n-0001b990: 292e 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2d77 7269 ).. Read-wri\n-0001b9a0: 7465 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2073 6574 te, although set\n-0001b9b0: 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6973 206f 6e6c ting this is onl\n-0001b9c0: 7920 7573 6566 756c 2062 6566 6f72 6520 y useful before \n-0001b9d0: 6f70 656e 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 206e opening a. n\n-0001b9e0: 6574 776f 726b 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a etwork device...\n-0001b9f0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0001ba00: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 7269 616c o, Node: Serial\n-0001ba10: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 terminal, Next\n-0001ba20: 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f : Vendor power-o\n-0001ba30: 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204e n keys, Prev: N\n-0001ba40: 6574 776f 726b 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 etwork, Up: Top\n-0001ba50: 0a0a 3920 5573 696e 6720 4752 5542 2076 ..9 Using GRUB v\n-0001ba60: 6961 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 ia a serial line\n-0001ba70: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n-0001ba80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-0001ba90: 0a54 6869 7320 6368 6170 7465 7220 6465 .This chapter de\n-0001baa0: 7363 7269 6265 7320 686f 7720 746f 2075 scribes how to u\n-0001bab0: 7365 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 7465 se the serial te\n-0001bac0: 726d 696e 616c 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 rminal support i\n-0001bad0: 6e20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 n GRUB... If y\n-0001bae0: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6d61 6e79 2063 6f6d ou have many com\n-0001baf0: 7075 7465 7273 206f 7220 636f 6d70 7574 puters or comput\n-0001bb00: 6572 7320 7769 7468 206e 6f20 6469 7370 ers with no disp\n-0001bb10: 6c61 792f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2c20 6974 lay/keyboard, it\n-0001bb20: 0a63 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7665 7279 2075 .could be very u\n-0001bb30: 7365 6675 6c20 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c seful to control\n-0001bb40: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2074 the computers t\n-0001bb50: 6872 6f75 6768 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 636f hrough serial.co\n-0001bb60: 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 mmunications. T\n-0001bb70: 6f20 636f 6e6e 6563 7420 6f6e 6520 636f o connect one co\n-0001bb80: 6d70 7574 6572 2077 6974 6820 616e 6f74 mputer with anot\n-0001bb90: 6865 7220 7669 6120 6120 7365 7269 616c her via a serial\n-0001bba0: 206c 696e 652c 0a79 6f75 206e 6565 6420 line,.you need \n-0001bbb0: 746f 2070 7265 7061 7265 2061 206e 756c to prepare a nul\n-0001bbc0: 6c2d 6d6f 6465 6d20 2863 726f 7373 2920 l-modem (cross) \n-0001bbd0: 7365 7269 616c 2063 6162 6c65 2c20 616e serial cable, an\n-0001bbe0: 6420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 0a74 d you may need.t\n-0001bbf0: 6f20 6861 7665 206d 756c 7469 706f 7274 o have multiport\n-0001bc00: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 626f 6172 6473 2c20 serial boards, \n-0001bc10: 6966 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 if your computer\n-0001bc20: 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2068 6176 6520 6578 doesn't have ex\n-0001bc30: 7472 610a 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7473 tra.serial ports\n-0001bc40: 2e20 2049 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 2c20 . In addition, \n-0001bc50: 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 a terminal emula\n-0001bc60: 746f 7220 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7265 7175 tor is also requ\n-0001bc70: 6972 6564 2c20 7375 6368 0a61 7320 6d69 ired, such.as mi\n-0001bc80: 6e69 636f 6d2e 2020 5265 6665 7220 746f nicom. Refer to\n-0001bc90: 2061 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6f66 2079 6f75 a manual of you\n-0001bca0: 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 r operating syst\n-0001bcb0: 656d 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a69 6e66 em, for more.inf\n-0001bcc0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4173 ormation... As\n-0001bcd0: 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 2069 for GRUB, the i\n-0001bce0: 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7365 nstruction to se\n-0001bcf0: 7420 7570 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 7465 t up a serial te\n-0001bd00: 726d 696e 616c 2069 7320 7175 6974 650a rminal is quite.\n-0001bd10: 7369 6d70 6c65 2e20 2048 6572 6520 6973 simple. Here is\n-0001bd20: 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 an example:.. \n-0001bd30: 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 6572 6961 6c20 grub> serial \n-0001bd40: 2d2d 756e 6974 3d30 202d 2d73 7065 6564 --unit=0 --speed\n-0001bd50: 3d39 3630 300a 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e =9600. grub>\n-0001bd60: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 terminal_input \n-0001bd70: 7365 7269 616c 3b20 7465 726d 696e 616c serial; terminal\n-0001bd80: 5f6f 7574 7075 7420 7365 7269 616c 0a0a _output serial..\n-0001bd90: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 The command '\n-0001bda0: 7365 7269 616c 2720 696e 6974 6961 6c69 serial' initiali\n-0001bdb0: 7a65 7320 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c 2075 zes the serial u\n-0001bdc0: 6e69 7420 3020 7769 7468 2074 6865 2073 nit 0 with the s\n-0001bdd0: 7065 6564 0a39 3630 3062 7073 2e20 2054 peed.9600bps. T\n-0001bde0: 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 756e 6974 2030 he serial unit 0\n-0001bdf0: 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6361 6c6c is usually call\n-0001be00: 6564 2027 434f 4d31 272c 2073 6f2c 2069 ed 'COM1', so, i\n-0001be10: 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f0a 7573 f you want to.us\n-0001be20: 6520 434f 4d32 2c20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 e COM2, you must\n-0001be30: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2027 2d2d 756e 6974 specify '--unit\n-0001be40: 3d31 2720 696e 7374 6561 642e 2020 5468 =1' instead. Th\n-0001be50: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2061 6363 6570 is command accep\n-0001be60: 7473 0a6d 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6f70 ts.many other op\n-0001be70: 7469 6f6e 732c 2073 6f20 706c 6561 7365 tions, so please\n-0001be80: 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 refer to *note \n-0001be90: 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f serial::, for mo\n-0001bea0: 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 re details... \n-0001beb0: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2027 7465 The commands 'te\n-0001bec0: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2720 282a rminal_input' (*\n-0001bed0: 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e note terminal_in\n-0001bee0: 7075 743a 3a29 2061 6e64 0a27 7465 726d put::) and.'term\n-0001bef0: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 7427 2028 2a6e inal_output' (*n\n-0001bf00: 6f74 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 ote terminal_out\n-0001bf10: 7075 743a 3a29 2063 686f 6f73 6520 7768 put::) choose wh\n-0001bf20: 6963 6820 7479 7065 206f 660a 7465 726d ich type of.term\n-0001bf30: 696e 616c 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f inal you want to\n-0001bf40: 2075 7365 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6361 use. In the ca\n-0001bf50: 7365 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7468 6520 7465 se above, the te\n-0001bf60: 726d 696e 616c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 rminal will be a\n-0001bf70: 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c .serial terminal\n-0001bf80: 2c20 6275 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 616c , but you can al\n-0001bf90: 736f 2070 6173 7320 2763 6f6e 736f 6c65 so pass 'console\n-0001bfa0: 2720 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ' to the command\n-0001bfb0: 2c20 6173 0a27 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 , as.'terminal_i\n-0001bfc0: 6e70 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c20 636f 6e73 nput serial cons\n-0001bfd0: 6f6c 6527 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 ole'. In this c\n-0001bfe0: 6173 652c 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ase, a terminal \n-0001bff0: 696e 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 0a70 7265 in which you.pre\n-0001c000: 7373 2061 6e79 206b 6579 2077 696c 6c20 ss any key will \n-0001c010: 6265 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6173 2061 be selected as a\n-0001c020: 2047 5255 4220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 GRUB terminal. \n-0001c030: 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6578 616d 706c 650a In the example.\n-0001c040: 6162 6f76 652c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 above, note that\n-0001c050: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2070 7574 you need to put\n-0001c060: 2062 6f74 6820 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206f both commands o\n-0001c070: 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2063 6f6d 6d61 n the same comma\n-0001c080: 6e64 206c 696e 652c 0a61 7320 796f 7520 nd line,.as you \n-0001c090: 7769 6c6c 206c 6f73 6520 7468 6520 6162 will lose the ab\n-0001c0a0: 696c 6974 7920 746f 2074 7970 6520 636f ility to type co\n-0001c0b0: 6d6d 616e 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636f mmands on the co\n-0001c0c0: 6e73 6f6c 6520 6166 7465 7220 7468 650a nsole after the.\n-0001c0d0: 6669 7273 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a first command...\n-0001c0e0: 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6e6f 7465 However, note\n-0001c0f0: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d that GRUB assum\n-0001c100: 6573 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 2074 6572 es that your ter\n-0001c110: 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 minal emulator i\n-0001c120: 730a 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 2077 6974 s.compatible wit\n-0001c130: 6820 5654 3130 3020 6279 2064 6566 6175 h VT100 by defau\n-0001c140: 6c74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2074 7275 lt. This is tru\n-0001c150: 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7374 2074 6572 6d69 e for most termi\n-0001c160: 6e61 6c0a 656d 756c 6174 6f72 7320 6e6f nal.emulators no\n-0001c170: 7761 6461 7973 2c20 6275 7420 796f 7520 wadays, but you \n-0001c180: 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 6173 7320 7468 6520 should pass the \n-0001c190: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2027 2d2d 6475 6d62 2720 option '--dumb' \n-0001c1a0: 746f 2074 6865 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 to the.command i\n-0001c1b0: 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 f your terminal \n-0001c1c0: 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 emulator is not \n-0001c1d0: 5654 3130 302d 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 VT100-compatible\n-0001c1e0: 206f 7220 696d 706c 656d 656e 7473 0a66 or implements.f\n-0001c1f0: 6577 2056 5431 3030 2065 7363 6170 6520 ew VT100 escape \n-0001c200: 7365 7175 656e 6365 732e 2020 4966 2079 sequences. If y\n-0001c210: 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6869 7320 ou specify this \n-0001c220: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 option then GRUB\n-0001c230: 0a70 726f 7669 6465 7320 796f 7520 7769 .provides you wi\n-0001c240: 7468 2061 6e20 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 th an alternativ\n-0001c250: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 e menu interface\n-0001c260: 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6520 6e6f , because the no\n-0001c270: 726d 616c 206d 656e 750a 7265 7175 6972 rmal menu.requir\n-0001c280: 6573 2073 6576 6572 616c 2066 616e 6379 es several fancy\n-0001c290: 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 6f66 2079 6f75 features of you\n-0001c2a0: 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 r terminal.....F\n-0001c2b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0001c2c0: 204e 6f64 653a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f Node: Vendor po\n-0001c2d0: 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 4e65 wer-on keys, Ne\n-0001c2e0: 7874 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 2050 7265 xt: Images, Pre\n-0001c2f0: 763a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e v: Serial termin\n-0001c300: 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3130 al, Up: Top..10\n-0001c310: 2055 7369 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7769 7468 Using GRUB with\n-0001c320: 2076 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e vendor power-on\n-0001c330: 206b 6579 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a keys.**********\n+0001a9b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c ******..The foll\n+0001a9c0: 6f77 696e 6720 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f owing instructio\n+0001a9d0: 6e73 2064 6f6e 2774 2077 6f72 6b20 666f ns don't work fo\n+0001a9e0: 7220 2a2d 656d 752c 2069 3338 362d 7165 r *-emu, i386-qe\n+0001a9f0: 6d75 2c0a 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f mu,.i386-coreboo\n+0001aa00: 742c 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f t, i386-multiboo\n+0001aa10: 742c 206d 6970 735f 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e t, mips_loongson\n+0001aa20: 2c20 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 2061 6e64 0a6d , mips-arc and.m\n+0001aa30: 6970 735f 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 730a 0a20 ips_qemu_mips.. \n+0001aa40: 2020 546f 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 6120 To generate a \n+0001aa50: 6e65 7462 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 6469 7265 netbootable dire\n+0001aa60: 6374 6f72 792c 2072 756e 3a0a 0a20 2020 ctory, run:.. \n+0001aa70: 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 grub-mknetdir \n+0001aa80: 2d2d 6e65 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d --net-directory=\n+0001aa90: 2f73 7276 2f74 6674 7020 2d2d 7375 6264 /srv/tftp --subd\n+0001aaa0: 6972 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 6220 2d64 ir=/boot/grub -d\n+0001aab0: 202f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f3c /usr/lib/grub/<\n+0001aac0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 3e0a 0a20 2020 452e platform>.. E.\n+0001aad0: 672e 2020 666f 7220 6933 3836 2d70 633a g. for i386-pc:\n+0001aae0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 .. grub-mkne\n+0001aaf0: 7464 6972 202d 2d6e 6574 2d64 6972 6563 tdir --net-direc\n+0001ab00: 746f 7279 3d2f 7372 762f 7466 7470 202d tory=/srv/tftp -\n+0001ab10: 2d73 7562 6469 723d 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 -subdir=/boot/gr\n+0001ab20: 7562 202d 6420 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 ub -d /usr/lib/g\n+0001ab30: 7275 622f 6933 3836 2d70 630a 0a20 2020 rub/i386-pc.. \n+0001ab40: 5468 656e 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7720 696e 7374 Then follow inst\n+0001ab50: 7275 6374 696f 6e73 2070 7269 6e74 6564 ructions printed\n+0001ab60: 206f 7574 2062 7920 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e out by grub-mkn\n+0001ab70: 6574 6469 7220 6f6e 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 etdir on configu\n+0001ab80: 7269 6e67 0a79 6f75 7220 4448 4350 2073 ring.your DHCP s\n+0001ab90: 6572 7665 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2067 erver... The g\n+0001aba0: 7275 622e 6366 6720 6669 6c65 2069 7320 rub.cfg file is \n+0001abb0: 706c 6163 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 placed in the sa\n+0001abc0: 6d65 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 me directory as \n+0001abd0: 7468 6520 7061 7468 206f 7574 7075 740a the path output.\n+0001abe0: 6279 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 by grub-mknetdir\n+0001abf0: 2068 6572 6561 6674 6572 2072 6566 6572 hereafter refer\n+0001ac00: 7265 6420 746f 2061 7320 4657 5041 5448 red to as FWPATH\n+0001ac10: 2e20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6172 . GRUB will sear\n+0001ac20: 6368 2066 6f72 0a69 7473 2063 6f6e 6669 ch for.its confi\n+0001ac30: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2069 guration files i\n+0001ac40: 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 n order using th\n+0001ac50: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7275 6c65 e following rule\n+0001ac60: 7320 7768 6572 6520 7468 650a 6170 7065 s where the.appe\n+0001ac70: 6e64 6564 2076 616c 7565 2063 6f72 7265 nded value corre\n+0001ac80: 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 6120 7661 6c75 sponds to a valu\n+0001ac90: 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 e on the client \n+0001aca0: 6d61 6368 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 machine... '\n+0001acb0: 2846 5750 4154 4829 272f 6772 7562 2e63 (FWPATH)'/grub.c\n+0001acc0: 6667 2d27 2855 5549 4420 4f46 204d 4143 fg-'(UUID OF MAC\n+0001acd0: 4849 4e45 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2728 4657 HINE)'. '(FW\n+0001ace0: 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d PATH)'/grub.cfg-\n+0001acf0: 2728 4d41 4320 4144 4452 4553 5320 4f46 '(MAC ADDRESS OF\n+0001ad00: 204e 4943 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2728 4657 NIC)'. '(FW\n+0001ad10: 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d PATH)'/grub.cfg-\n+0001ad20: 2728 4950 7634 204f 5220 4950 7636 2041 '(IPv4 OR IPv6 A\n+0001ad30: 4444 5245 5353 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2728 DDRESS)'. '(\n+0001ad40: 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e 6366 FWPATH)'/grub.cf\n+0001ad50: 670a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 5555 4944 2069 g.. The UUID i\n+0001ad60: 7320 7468 6520 436c 6965 6e74 204d 6163 s the Client Mac\n+0001ad70: 6869 6e65 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 hine Identifier \n+0001ad80: 4f70 7469 6f6e 2044 6566 696e 6974 696f Option Definitio\n+0001ad90: 6e20 6173 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 n as.specified i\n+0001ada0: 6e20 5246 4320 3435 3738 2e20 2054 6865 n RFC 4578. The\n+0001adb0: 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7769 6c6c 206f 6e6c client will onl\n+0001adc0: 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c 6f6f y attempt to loo\n+0001add0: 756b 2075 7020 6120 5555 4944 0a63 6f6e uk up a UUID.con\n+0001ade0: 6669 6720 6669 6c65 2069 6620 6974 2077 fig file if it w\n+0001adf0: 6173 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 as provided by t\n+0001ae00: 6865 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 2e0a he DHCP server..\n+0001ae10: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2077 . The client w\n+0001ae20: 696c 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2061 7474 656d 7074 ill only attempt\n+0001ae30: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f6b 2075 7020 616e 2049 to look up an I\n+0001ae40: 5076 3620 6164 6472 6573 7320 636f 6e66 Pv6 address conf\n+0001ae50: 6967 206f 6e63 652c 0a68 6f77 6576 6572 ig once,.however\n+0001ae60: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 7468 , it will try th\n+0001ae70: 6520 4950 7634 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 e IPv4 multiple \n+0001ae80: 7469 6d65 732e 2020 5468 6520 636f 6e63 times. The conc\n+0001ae90: 7265 7465 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 0a62 656c rete example.bel\n+0001aea0: 6f77 2073 686f 7773 2077 6861 7420 776f ow shows what wo\n+0001aeb0: 756c 6420 6861 7070 656e 2075 6e64 6572 uld happen under\n+0001aec0: 2074 6865 2049 5076 3420 6361 7365 2e0a the IPv4 case..\n+0001aed0: 0a20 2020 2020 5555 4944 3a20 3737 3236 . UUID: 7726\n+0001aee0: 6136 3738 2d37 6663 302d 3438 3533 2d61 a678-7fc0-4853-a\n+0001aef0: 3466 362d 6338 3561 6333 3661 3132 3061 4f6-c85ac36a120a\n+0001af00: 0a20 2020 2020 4d41 433a 2020 3532 3a35 . MAC: 52:5\n+0001af10: 343a 3030 3a65 633a 3333 3a38 310a 2020 4:00:ec:33:81. \n+0001af20: 2020 2049 5056 343a 2031 302e 302e 302e IPV4: 10.0.0.\n+0001af30: 3133 3020 2830 4130 3030 3038 3229 0a0a 130 (0A000082)..\n+0001af40: 2020 2020 2027 2846 5750 4154 4829 272f '(FWPATH)'/\n+0001af50: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d37 3732 3661 3637 grub.cfg-7726a67\n+0001af60: 382d 3766 6330 2d34 3835 332d 6134 6636 8-7fc0-4853-a4f6\n+0001af70: 2d63 3835 6163 3336 6131 3230 610a 2020 -c85ac36a120a. \n+0001af80: 2020 2027 2846 5750 4154 4829 272f 6772 '(FWPATH)'/gr\n+0001af90: 7562 2e63 6667 2d35 322d 3534 2d30 302d ub.cfg-52-54-00-\n+0001afa0: 6563 2d33 332d 3831 0a20 2020 2020 2728 ec-33-81. '(\n+0001afb0: 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e 6366 FWPATH)'/grub.cf\n+0001afc0: 672d 3041 3030 3030 3832 0a20 2020 2020 g-0A000082. \n+0001afd0: 2728 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e '(FWPATH)'/grub.\n+0001afe0: 6366 672d 3041 3030 3030 380a 2020 2020 cfg-0A00008. \n+0001aff0: 2027 2846 5750 4154 4829 272f 6772 7562 '(FWPATH)'/grub\n+0001b000: 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 300a 2020 2020 .cfg-0A0000. \n+0001b010: 2027 2846 5750 4154 4829 272f 6772 7562 '(FWPATH)'/grub\n+0001b020: 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 0a20 2020 2020 .cfg-0A000. \n+0001b030: 2728 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e '(FWPATH)'/grub.\n+0001b040: 6366 672d 3041 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2728 cfg-0A00. '(\n+0001b050: 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 622e 6366 FWPATH)'/grub.cf\n+0001b060: 672d 3041 300a 2020 2020 2027 2846 5750 g-0A0. '(FWP\n+0001b070: 4154 4829 272f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 ATH)'/grub.cfg-0\n+0001b080: 410a 2020 2020 2027 2846 5750 4154 4829 A. '(FWPATH)\n+0001b090: 272f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 0a20 2020 '/grub.cfg-0. \n+0001b0a0: 2020 2728 4657 5041 5448 2927 2f67 7275 '(FWPATH)'/gru\n+0001b0b0: 622e 6366 670a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2066 b.cfg.. This f\n+0001b0c0: 6561 7475 7265 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 eature is enable\n+0001b0d0: 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2062 7574 d by default but\n+0001b0e0: 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6973 6162 it can be disab\n+0001b0f0: 6c65 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 led by setting.t\n+0001b100: 6865 2027 6665 6174 7572 655f 6e65 745f he 'feature_net_\n+0001b110: 7365 6172 6368 5f63 6667 2720 746f 2027 search_cfg' to '\n+0001b120: 6e27 2e20 2053 696e 6365 2074 6869 7320 n'. Since this \n+0001b130: 6861 7070 656e 7320 6265 666f 7265 2074 happens before t\n+0001b140: 6865 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e he.configuration\n+0001b150: 2066 696c 6520 6973 2072 6561 6420 6279 file is read by\n+0001b160: 2047 5255 422c 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 GRUB, this opti\n+0001b170: 6f6e 2068 6173 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6973 on has to be dis\n+0001b180: 6162 6c65 6420 696e 2061 6e0a 656d 6265 abled in an.embe\n+0001b190: 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 dded configurati\n+0001b1a0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 on file (*note E\n+0001b1b0: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 mbedded configur\n+0001b1c0: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 ation::)... Af\n+0001b1d0: 7465 7220 4752 5542 2068 6173 2073 7461 ter GRUB has sta\n+0001b1e0: 7274 6564 2c20 6669 6c65 7320 6f6e 2074 rted, files on t\n+0001b1f0: 6865 2054 4654 5020 7365 7276 6572 2077 he TFTP server w\n+0001b200: 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6363 6573 7369 626c ill be accessibl\n+0001b210: 650a 7669 6120 7468 6520 2728 7466 7470 e.via the '(tftp\n+0001b220: 2927 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 )' device... T\n+0001b230: 6865 2073 6572 7665 7220 4950 2061 6464 he server IP add\n+0001b240: 7265 7373 2063 616e 2062 6520 636f 6e74 ress can be cont\n+0001b250: 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 6368 616e 6769 rolled by changi\n+0001b260: 6e67 2074 6865 2027 2874 6674 7029 270a ng the '(tftp)'.\n+0001b270: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 746f 2027 device name to '\n+0001b280: 2874 6674 702c 5345 5256 4552 2d49 5029 (tftp,SERVER-IP)\n+0001b290: 272e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 '. Note that th\n+0001b2a0: 6973 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2063 6861 is should be cha\n+0001b2b0: 6e67 6564 0a62 6f74 6820 696e 2074 6865 nged.both in the\n+0001b2c0: 2070 7265 6669 7820 616e 6420 696e 2061 prefix and in a\n+0001b2d0: 6e79 2072 6566 6572 656e 6365 7320 746f ny references to\n+0001b2e0: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 the device name\n+0001b2f0: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 in the.configur\n+0001b300: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 ation file... \n+0001b310: 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 7365 GRUB provides se\n+0001b320: 7665 7261 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e veral environmen\n+0001b330: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7768 6963 t variables whic\n+0001b340: 6820 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f h may be used to\n+0001b350: 0a69 6e73 7065 6374 206f 7220 6368 616e .inspect or chan\n+0001b360: 6765 2074 6865 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 ge the behaviour\n+0001b370: 206f 6620 7468 6520 5058 4520 6465 7669 of the PXE devi\n+0001b380: 6365 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c ce. In the foll\n+0001b390: 6f77 696e 670a 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f owing.descriptio\n+0001b3a0: 6e20 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e20 6973 n is\n+0001b3b0: 2070 6c61 6365 686f 6c64 6572 2066 6f72 placeholder for\n+0001b3c0: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 206e 6574 the name of net\n+0001b3d0: 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a28 work interface.(\n+0001b3e0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2064 6570 656e 6465 platform depende\n+0001b3f0: 6e74 293a 0a0a 276e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 nt):..'net__ip'. \n+0001b410: 5468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 The network inte\n+0001b420: 7266 6163 6527 7320 4950 2061 6464 7265 rface's IP addre\n+0001b430: 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a ss. Read-only..\n+0001b440: 0a27 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 .'net__mac'. The \n+0001b460: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 7266 6163 network interfac\n+0001b470: 6527 7320 4d41 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e e's MAC address.\n+0001b480: 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a 276e Read-only...'n\n+0001b490: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 et__h\n+0001b4a0: 6f73 746e 616d 6527 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ostname'. Th\n+0001b4b0: 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2068 6f73 7420 6e61 e client host na\n+0001b4c0: 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 me provided by D\n+0001b4d0: 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a HCP. Read-only..\n+0001b4e0: 0a27 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 .'net__domain'. T\n+0001b500: 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 646f 6d61 696e he client domain\n+0001b510: 206e 616d 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 name provided b\n+0001b520: 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c y DHCP. Read-onl\n+0001b530: 792e 0a0a 276e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 y...'net__rootpath'. \n+0001b550: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 The path to \n+0001b560: 7468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2773 2072 6f6f the client's roo\n+0001b570: 7420 6469 736b 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 t disk provided \n+0001b580: 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e by DHCP. Read-on\n+0001b590: 6c79 2e0a 0a27 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ly...'net__extensions\n+0001b5b0: 7061 7468 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 path'. The p\n+0001b5c0: 6174 6820 746f 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 ath to additiona\n+0001b5d0: 6c20 4448 4350 2076 656e 646f 7220 6578 l DHCP vendor ex\n+0001b5e0: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2070 726f 7669 6465 tensions provide\n+0001b5f0: 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 0a20 2020 2020 d by DHCP.. \n+0001b600: 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a 276e 6574 Read-only...'net\n+0001b610: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f __boo\n+0001b620: 745f 6669 6c65 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 t_file'. The\n+0001b630: 2062 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 boot file name \n+0001b640: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 provided by DHCP\n+0001b650: 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a 276e . Read-only...'n\n+0001b660: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n+0001b670: 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 6527 hcp_server_name'\n+0001b680: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f . The name o\n+0001b690: 6620 7468 6520 4448 4350 2073 6572 7665 f the DHCP serve\n+0001b6a0: 7220 7265 7370 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f r responsible fo\n+0001b6b0: 7220 7468 6573 6520 626f 6f74 2070 6172 r these boot par\n+0001b6c0: 616d 6574 6572 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5265 ameters.. Re\n+0001b6d0: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a 276e 6574 5f3c ad-only...'net_<\n+0001b6e0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e 6578 745f INTERFACE>_next_\n+0001b6f0: 7365 7276 6572 270a 2020 2020 2054 6865 server'. The\n+0001b700: 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2074 IP address of t\n+0001b710: 6865 206e 6578 7420 2875 7375 616c 6c79 he next (usually\n+0001b720: 2c20 5446 5450 2920 7365 7276 6572 2070 , TFTP) server p\n+0001b730: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e rovided by DHCP.\n+0001b740: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e . Read-only.\n+0001b750: 0a0a 276e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 ..'net_default_i\n+0001b760: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 270a 2020 2020 2049 nterface'. I\n+0001b770: 6e69 7469 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2074 6f20 nitially set to \n+0001b780: 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 name of network \n+0001b790: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7468 6174 2077 interface that w\n+0001b7a0: 6173 2075 7365 6420 746f 206c 6f61 640a as used to load.\n+0001b7b0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622e 2020 5265 6164 grub. Read\n+0001b7c0: 2d77 7269 7465 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 -write, although\n+0001b7d0: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7420 6166 6665 setting it affe\n+0001b7e0: 6374 7320 6f6e 6c79 2069 6e74 6572 7072 cts only interpr\n+0001b7f0: 6574 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 etation. of \n+0001b800: 276e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 7027 'net_default_ip'\n+0001b810: 2061 6e64 2027 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c and 'net_defaul\n+0001b820: 745f 6d61 6327 0a0a 276e 6574 5f64 6566 t_mac'..'net_def\n+0001b830: 6175 6c74 5f69 7027 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ault_ip'. Th\n+0001b840: 6520 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 e IP address of \n+0001b850: 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e 7465 7266 6163 default interfac\n+0001b860: 652e 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 2020 e. Read-only. \n+0001b870: 5468 6973 2069 7320 616c 6961 7320 666f This is alias fo\n+0001b880: 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2027 6e65 745f r. the 'net_\n+0001b890: 247b 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e ${net_default_in\n+0001b8a0: 7465 7266 6163 657d 5f69 7027 2e0a 0a27 terface}_ip'...'\n+0001b8b0: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 6327 net_default_mac'\n+0001b8c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c . The defaul\n+0001b8d0: 7420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 7320 4d41 t interface's MA\n+0001b8e0: 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 5265 6164 C address. Read\n+0001b8f0: 2d6f 6e6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 -only. This is \n+0001b900: 616c 6961 7320 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 alias for. t\n+0001b910: 6865 2027 6e65 745f 247b 6e65 745f 6465 he 'net_${net_de\n+0001b920: 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 657d fault_interface}\n+0001b930: 5f6d 6163 272e 0a0a 276e 6574 5f64 6566 _mac'...'net_def\n+0001b940: 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 7227 0a20 2020 ault_server'. \n+0001b950: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7365 The default se\n+0001b960: 7276 6572 2075 7365 6420 6279 206e 6574 rver used by net\n+0001b970: 776f 726b 2064 7269 7665 7320 282a 6e6f work drives (*no\n+0001b980: 7465 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 te Device syntax\n+0001b990: 3a3a 292e 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2d77 ::).. Read-w\n+0001b9a0: 7269 7465 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2073 rite, although s\n+0001b9b0: 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6973 206f etting this is o\n+0001b9c0: 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 2062 6566 6f72 nly useful befor\n+0001b9d0: 6520 6f70 656e 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 e opening a. \n+0001b9e0: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2064 6576 6963 652e network device.\n+0001b9f0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0001ba00: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 7269 nfo, Node: Seri\n+0001ba10: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2020 4e65 al terminal, Ne\n+0001ba20: 7874 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 xt: Vendor power\n+0001ba30: 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 2050 7265 763a -on keys, Prev:\n+0001ba40: 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 2055 703a 2054 Network, Up: T\n+0001ba50: 6f70 0a0a 3920 5573 696e 6720 4752 5542 op..9 Using GRUB\n+0001ba60: 2076 6961 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 via a serial li\n+0001ba70: 6e65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ne.*************\n+0001ba80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0001ba90: 2a0a 0a54 6869 7320 6368 6170 7465 7220 *..This chapter \n+0001baa0: 6465 7363 7269 6265 7320 686f 7720 746f describes how to\n+0001bab0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 use the serial \n+0001bac0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2073 7570 706f 7274 terminal support\n+0001bad0: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 in GRUB... If\n+0001bae0: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6d61 6e79 2063 you have many c\n+0001baf0: 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 206f 7220 636f 6d70 omputers or comp\n+0001bb00: 7574 6572 7320 7769 7468 206e 6f20 6469 uters with no di\n+0001bb10: 7370 6c61 792f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2c20 splay/keyboard, \n+0001bb20: 6974 0a63 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7665 7279 it.could be very\n+0001bb30: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 useful to contr\n+0001bb40: 6f6c 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 ol the computers\n+0001bb50: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2073 6572 6961 6c0a through serial.\n+0001bb60: 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 communications. \n+0001bb70: 2054 6f20 636f 6e6e 6563 7420 6f6e 6520 To connect one \n+0001bb80: 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2077 6974 6820 616e computer with an\n+0001bb90: 6f74 6865 7220 7669 6120 6120 7365 7269 other via a seri\n+0001bba0: 616c 206c 696e 652c 0a79 6f75 206e 6565 al line,.you nee\n+0001bbb0: 6420 746f 2070 7265 7061 7265 2061 206e d to prepare a n\n+0001bbc0: 756c 6c2d 6d6f 6465 6d20 2863 726f 7373 ull-modem (cross\n+0001bbd0: 2920 7365 7269 616c 2063 6162 6c65 2c20 ) serial cable, \n+0001bbe0: 616e 6420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 and you may need\n+0001bbf0: 0a74 6f20 6861 7665 206d 756c 7469 706f .to have multipo\n+0001bc00: 7274 2073 6572 6961 6c20 626f 6172 6473 rt serial boards\n+0001bc10: 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 , if your comput\n+0001bc20: 6572 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2068 6176 6520 er doesn't have \n+0001bc30: 6578 7472 610a 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 extra.serial por\n+0001bc40: 7473 2e20 2049 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e ts. In addition\n+0001bc50: 2c20 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 , a terminal emu\n+0001bc60: 6c61 746f 7220 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7265 lator is also re\n+0001bc70: 7175 6972 6564 2c20 7375 6368 0a61 7320 quired, such.as \n+0001bc80: 6d69 6e69 636f 6d2e 2020 5265 6665 7220 minicom. Refer \n+0001bc90: 746f 2061 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6f66 2079 to a manual of y\n+0001bca0: 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 our operating sy\n+0001bcb0: 7374 656d 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a69 stem, for more.i\n+0001bcc0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 nformation... \n+0001bcd0: 4173 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 As for GRUB, the\n+0001bce0: 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 instruction to \n+0001bcf0: 7365 7420 7570 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 set up a serial \n+0001bd00: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2069 7320 7175 6974 terminal is quit\n+0001bd10: 650a 7369 6d70 6c65 2e20 2048 6572 6520 e.simple. Here \n+0001bd20: 6973 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a is an example:..\n+0001bd30: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 6572 6961 grub> seria\n+0001bd40: 6c20 2d2d 756e 6974 3d30 202d 2d73 7065 l --unit=0 --spe\n+0001bd50: 6564 3d39 3630 300a 2020 2020 2067 7275 ed=9600. gru\n+0001bd60: 623e 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 b> terminal_inpu\n+0001bd70: 7420 7365 7269 616c 3b20 7465 726d 696e t serial; termin\n+0001bd80: 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 7420 7365 7269 616c al_output serial\n+0001bd90: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 .. The command\n+0001bda0: 2027 7365 7269 616c 2720 696e 6974 6961 'serial' initia\n+0001bdb0: 6c69 7a65 7320 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c lizes the serial\n+0001bdc0: 2075 6e69 7420 3020 7769 7468 2074 6865 unit 0 with the\n+0001bdd0: 2073 7065 6564 0a39 3630 3062 7073 2e20 speed.9600bps. \n+0001bde0: 2054 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 756e 6974 The serial unit\n+0001bdf0: 2030 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6361 0 is usually ca\n+0001be00: 6c6c 6564 2027 434f 4d31 272c 2073 6f2c lled 'COM1', so,\n+0001be10: 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f0a if you want to.\n+0001be20: 7573 6520 434f 4d32 2c20 796f 7520 6d75 use COM2, you mu\n+0001be30: 7374 2073 7065 6369 6679 2027 2d2d 756e st specify '--un\n+0001be40: 6974 3d31 2720 696e 7374 6561 642e 2020 it=1' instead. \n+0001be50: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2061 6363 This command acc\n+0001be60: 6570 7473 0a6d 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 epts.many other \n+0001be70: 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 2073 6f20 706c 6561 options, so plea\n+0001be80: 7365 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 2a6e 6f74 se refer to *not\n+0001be90: 6520 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 e serial::, for \n+0001bea0: 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a20 more details... \n+0001beb0: 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2027 The commands '\n+0001bec0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2720 terminal_input' \n+0001bed0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f (*note terminal_\n+0001bee0: 696e 7075 743a 3a29 2061 6e64 0a27 7465 input::) and.'te\n+0001bef0: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 7427 2028 rminal_output' (\n+0001bf00: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f *note terminal_o\n+0001bf10: 7574 7075 743a 3a29 2063 686f 6f73 6520 utput::) choose \n+0001bf20: 7768 6963 6820 7479 7065 206f 660a 7465 which type of.te\n+0001bf30: 726d 696e 616c 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 rminal you want \n+0001bf40: 746f 2075 7365 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 to use. In the \n+0001bf50: 6361 7365 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7468 6520 case above, the \n+0001bf60: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 terminal will be\n+0001bf70: 2061 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e a.serial termin\n+0001bf80: 616c 2c20 6275 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 al, but you can \n+0001bf90: 616c 736f 2070 6173 7320 2763 6f6e 736f also pass 'conso\n+0001bfa0: 6c65 2720 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 le' to the comma\n+0001bfb0: 6e64 2c20 6173 0a27 7465 726d 696e 616c nd, as.'terminal\n+0001bfc0: 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c20 636f _input serial co\n+0001bfd0: 6e73 6f6c 6527 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 nsole'. In this\n+0001bfe0: 2063 6173 652c 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 case, a termina\n+0001bff0: 6c20 696e 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 0a70 l in which you.p\n+0001c000: 7265 7373 2061 6e79 206b 6579 2077 696c ress any key wil\n+0001c010: 6c20 6265 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6173 l be selected as\n+0001c020: 2061 2047 5255 4220 7465 726d 696e 616c a GRUB terminal\n+0001c030: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6578 616d 706c . In the exampl\n+0001c040: 650a 6162 6f76 652c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 e.above, note th\n+0001c050: 6174 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2070 at you need to p\n+0001c060: 7574 2062 6f74 6820 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ut both commands\n+0001c070: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2063 6f6d on the same com\n+0001c080: 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652c 0a61 7320 796f mand line,.as yo\n+0001c090: 7520 7769 6c6c 206c 6f73 6520 7468 6520 u will lose the \n+0001c0a0: 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 2074 7970 6520 ability to type \n+0001c0b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 commands on the \n+0001c0c0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6166 7465 7220 7468 console after th\n+0001c0d0: 650a 6669 7273 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 642e e.first command.\n+0001c0e0: 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6e6f .. However, no\n+0001c0f0: 7465 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2061 7373 te that GRUB ass\n+0001c100: 756d 6573 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 2074 umes that your t\n+0001c110: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 erminal emulator\n+0001c120: 2069 730a 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 2077 is.compatible w\n+0001c130: 6974 6820 5654 3130 3020 6279 2064 6566 ith VT100 by def\n+0001c140: 6175 6c74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2074 ault. This is t\n+0001c150: 7275 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7374 2074 6572 rue for most ter\n+0001c160: 6d69 6e61 6c0a 656d 756c 6174 6f72 7320 minal.emulators \n+0001c170: 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 2c20 6275 7420 796f nowadays, but yo\n+0001c180: 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 6173 7320 7468 u should pass th\n+0001c190: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 2027 2d2d 6475 6d62 e option '--dumb\n+0001c1a0: 2720 746f 2074 6865 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ' to the.command\n+0001c1b0: 2069 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 if your termina\n+0001c1c0: 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 7320 6e6f l emulator is no\n+0001c1d0: 7420 5654 3130 302d 636f 6d70 6174 6962 t VT100-compatib\n+0001c1e0: 6c65 206f 7220 696d 706c 656d 656e 7473 le or implements\n+0001c1f0: 0a66 6577 2056 5431 3030 2065 7363 6170 .few VT100 escap\n+0001c200: 6520 7365 7175 656e 6365 732e 2020 4966 e sequences. If\n+0001c210: 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6869 you specify thi\n+0001c220: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 6e20 4752 s option then GR\n+0001c230: 5542 0a70 726f 7669 6465 7320 796f 7520 UB.provides you \n+0001c240: 7769 7468 2061 6e20 616c 7465 726e 6174 with an alternat\n+0001c250: 6976 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 ive menu interfa\n+0001c260: 6365 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6520 ce, because the \n+0001c270: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 656e 750a 7265 7175 normal menu.requ\n+0001c280: 6972 6573 2073 6576 6572 616c 2066 616e ires several fan\n+0001c290: 6379 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 6f66 2079 cy features of y\n+0001c2a0: 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a1f our terminal....\n+0001c2b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0001c2c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2056 656e 646f 7220 , Node: Vendor \n+0001c2d0: 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 power-on keys, \n+0001c2e0: 4e65 7874 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 2050 Next: Images, P\n+0001c2f0: 7265 763a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d rev: Serial term\n+0001c300: 696e 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a inal, Up: Top..\n+0001c310: 3130 2055 7369 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7769 10 Using GRUB wi\n+0001c320: 7468 2076 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d th vendor power-\n+0001c330: 6f6e 206b 6579 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a on keys.********\n 0001c340: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001c350: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a53 *************..S\n-0001c360: 6f6d 6520 6c61 7074 6f70 2076 656e 646f ome laptop vendo\n-0001c370: 7273 2070 726f 7669 6465 2061 6e20 6164 rs provide an ad\n-0001c380: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f ditional power-o\n-0001c390: 6e20 6275 7474 6f6e 2077 6869 6368 2062 n button which b\n-0001c3a0: 6f6f 7473 0a61 6e6f 7468 6572 204f 532e oots.another OS.\n-0001c3b0: 2047 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2073 GRUB supports s\n-0001c3c0: 7563 6820 6275 7474 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 uch buttons with\n-0001c3d0: 2074 6865 2027 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f the 'GRUB_TIMEO\n-0001c3e0: 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4e27 2c0a 2747 5255 UT_BUTTON',.'GRU\n-0001c3f0: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 455f B_TIMEOUT_STYLE_\n-0001c400: 4255 5454 4f4e 272c 2027 4752 5542 5f44 BUTTON', 'GRUB_D\n-0001c410: 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4e27 2c20 EFAULT_BUTTON', \n-0001c420: 616e 640a 2747 5255 425f 4255 5454 4f4e and.'GRUB_BUTTON\n-0001c430: 5f43 4d4f 535f 4144 4452 4553 5327 2076 _CMOS_ADDRESS' v\n-0001c440: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2069 6e20 6465 6661 ariables in defa\n-0001c450: 756c 742f 6772 7562 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ult/grub (*note \n-0001c460: 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple.configura\n-0001c470: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 2747 5255 425f tion::). 'GRUB_\n-0001c480: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 5454 4f4e 272c TIMEOUT_BUTTON',\n-0001c490: 2027 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 'GRUB_TIMEOUT_S\n-0001c4a0: 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4e27 2c0a 616e TYLE_BUTTON',.an\n-0001c4b0: 6420 2747 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 545f d 'GRUB_DEFAULT_\n-0001c4c0: 4255 5454 4f4e 2720 6172 6520 7573 6564 BUTTON' are used\n-0001c4d0: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 6520 instead of the \n-0001c4e0: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 670a 7661 corresponding.va\n-0001c4f0: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7769 7468 6f75 7420 riables without \n-0001c500: 7468 6520 275f 4255 5454 4f4e 2720 7375 the '_BUTTON' su\n-0001c510: 6666 6978 2077 6865 6e20 706f 7765 7265 ffix when powere\n-0001c520: 6420 6f6e 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2073 d on using the s\n-0001c530: 7065 6369 616c 0a62 7574 746f 6e2e 2020 pecial.button. \n-0001c540: 2747 5255 425f 4255 5454 4f4e 5f43 4d4f 'GRUB_BUTTON_CMO\n-0001c550: 535f 4144 4452 4553 5327 2069 7320 7665 S_ADDRESS' is ve\n-0001c560: 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 616e ndor-specific an\n-0001c570: 6420 7061 7274 6961 6c6c 790a 6d6f 6465 d partially.mode\n-0001c580: 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2e20 2056 616c l-specific. Val\n-0001c590: 7565 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2074 6865 ues known to the\n-0001c5a0: 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2061 7265 3a0a GRUB team are:.\n-0001c5b0: 0a3c 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 204d 3133 3330 .. 121:3.. \n-0001c5e0: 2020 2020 3835 3a33 0a3c 4465 6c6c 204c 85:3.. \n-0001c600: 2020 2020 3835 3a33 0a3c 4173 7573 2045 85:3.. \n-0001c620: 2020 3834 3a31 2028 756e 636f 6e66 6972 84:1 (unconfir\n-0001c630: 6d65 6429 0a3c 4c45 4e4f 564f 2054 6869 med).. 101:\n-0001c660: 330a 0a20 2020 546f 2074 616b 6520 6675 3.. To take fu\n-0001c670: 6c6c 2061 6476 616e 7461 6765 206f 6620 ll advantage of \n-0001c680: 7468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2c 2069 this function, i\n-0001c690: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f nstall GRUB into\n-0001c6a0: 2074 6865 204d 4252 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 the MBR.(*note \n-0001c6b0: 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 Installing GRUB \n-0001c6c0: 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 using grub-insta\n-0001c6d0: 6c6c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f ll::)... If yo\n-0001c6e0: 7520 6861 7665 2061 206c 6170 746f 7020 u have a laptop \n-0001c6f0: 7768 6963 6820 6861 7320 6120 7369 6d69 which has a simi\n-0001c700: 6c61 7220 6665 6174 7572 6520 616e 6420 lar feature and \n-0001c710: 6e6f 7420 696e 2074 6865 2061 626f 7665 not in the above\n-0001c720: 0a6c 6973 7420 636f 756c 6420 796f 7520 .list could you \n-0001c730: 6669 6775 7265 2079 6f75 7220 6164 6472 figure your addr\n-0001c740: 6573 7320 616e 6420 636f 6e74 7269 6275 ess and contribu\n-0001c750: 7465 3f20 2054 6f20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 te? To discover\n-0001c760: 2074 6865 0a61 6464 7265 7373 2064 6f20 the.address do \n-0001c770: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a20 the following:. \n-0001c780: 2020 2a20 626f 6f74 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c * boot normall\n-0001c790: 790a 2020 202a 2020 2020 2020 7375 646f y. * sudo\n-0001c7a0: 206d 6f64 7072 6f62 6520 6e76 7261 6d0a modprobe nvram.\n-0001c7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 646f 2063 sudo c\n-0001c7c0: 6174 202f 6465 762f 6e76 7261 6d20 7c20 at /dev/nvram | \n-0001c7d0: 7878 6420 3e20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f62 7574 xxd > normal_but\n-0001c7e0: 746f 6e2e 7478 740a 2020 202a 2062 6f6f ton.txt. * boo\n-0001c7f0: 7420 7573 696e 6720 7665 6e64 6f72 2062 t using vendor b\n-0001c800: 7574 746f 6e0a 2020 202a 2020 2020 2020 utton. * \n-0001c810: 7375 646f 206d 6f64 7072 6f62 6520 6e76 sudo modprobe nv\n-0001c820: 7261 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 ram. su\n-0001c830: 646f 2063 6174 202f 6465 762f 6e76 7261 do cat /dev/nvra\n-0001c840: 6d20 7c20 7878 6420 3e20 6e6f 726d 616c m | xxd > normal\n-0001c850: 5f76 656e 646f 722e 7478 740a 0a20 2020 _vendor.txt.. \n-0001c860: 5468 656e 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 6865 Then compare the\n-0001c870: 7365 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 7320 616e se text files an\n-0001c880: 6420 6669 6e64 2077 6865 7265 2061 2062 d find where a b\n-0001c890: 6974 2077 6173 2074 6f67 676c 6564 2e20 it was toggled. \n-0001c8a0: 2045 2e67 2e0a 696e 2063 6173 6520 6f66 E.g..in case of\n-0001c8b0: 2044 656c 6c20 5850 5320 6974 2077 6173 Dell XPS it was\n-0001c8c0: 3a0a 2020 2020 2062 7974 6520 3078 3437 :. byte 0x47\n-0001c8d0: 3a20 3230 202d 2d3e 2032 380a 2020 2049 : 20 --> 28. I\n-0001c8e0: 7427 7320 6120 6269 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 t's a bit number\n-0001c8f0: 2033 2061 7320 7365 656e 2066 726f 6d20 3 as seen from \n-0001c900: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7461 626c 653a following table:\n-0001c910: 0a30 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .0 \n-0001c920: 3031 0a31 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 01.1 \n-0001c930: 2020 3032 0a32 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 02.2 \n-0001c940: 2020 2020 3034 0a33 2020 2020 2020 2020 04.3 \n-0001c950: 2020 2020 2020 3038 0a34 2020 2020 2020 08.4 \n-0001c960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3130 0a35 2020 2020 10.5 \n-0001c970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3230 0a36 2020 20.6 \n-0001c980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3430 0a37 40.7\n-0001c990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3830 80\n-0001c9a0: 0a0a 2020 2030 7834 3720 6973 2064 6563 .. 0x47 is dec\n-0001c9b0: 696d 616c 2037 312e 2020 4c69 6e75 7820 imal 71. Linux \n-0001c9c0: 6e76 7261 6d20 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 nvram implementa\n-0001c9d0: 7469 6f6e 2063 7574 7320 6669 7273 7420 tion cuts first \n-0001c9e0: 3134 2062 7974 6573 0a6f 6620 434d 4f53 14 bytes.of CMOS\n-0001c9f0: 2e20 536f 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c20 6279 . So the real by\n-0001ca00: 7465 2061 6464 7265 7373 2069 6e20 434d te address in CM\n-0001ca10: 4f53 2069 7320 3731 2b31 343d 3835 2053 OS is 71+14=85 S\n-0001ca20: 6f20 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 0a61 6464 7265 o complete.addre\n-0001ca30: 7373 2069 7320 3835 3a33 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ss is 85:3....Fi\n-0001ca40: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0001ca50: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 204e Node: Images, N\n-0001ca60: 6578 743a 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 ext: Core image \n-0001ca70: 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2c size limitation,\n-0001ca80: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 Prev: Vendor p\n-0001ca90: 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 2055 ower-on keys, U\n-0001caa0: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3131 2047 5255 4220 p: Top..11 GRUB \n-0001cab0: 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 730a 2a2a 2a2a image files.****\n-0001cac0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-0001cad0: 0a47 5255 4220 636f 6e73 6973 7473 206f .GRUB consists o\n-0001cae0: 6620 7365 7665 7261 6c20 696d 6167 6573 f several images\n-0001caf0: 3a20 6120 7661 7269 6574 7920 6f66 2062 : a variety of b\n-0001cb00: 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 2069 6d61 6765 7320 ootstrap images \n-0001cb10: 666f 720a 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2047 5255 for.starting GRU\n-0001cb20: 4220 696e 2076 6172 696f 7573 2077 6179 B in various way\n-0001cb30: 732c 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 s, a kernel imag\n-0001cb40: 652c 2061 6e64 2061 2073 6574 206f 6620 e, and a set of \n-0001cb50: 6d6f 6475 6c65 730a 7768 6963 6820 6172 modules.which ar\n-0001cb60: 6520 636f 6d62 696e 6564 2077 6974 6820 e combined with \n-0001cb70: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 the kernel image\n-0001cb80: 2074 6f20 666f 726d 2061 2063 6f72 6520 to form a core \n-0001cb90: 696d 6167 652e 2020 4865 7265 2069 730a image. Here is.\n-0001cba0: 6120 7368 6f72 7420 6f76 6572 7669 6577 a short overview\n-0001cbb0: 206f 6620 7468 656d 2e0a 0a27 626f 6f74 of them...'boot\n-0001cbc0: 2e69 6d67 270a 2020 2020 204f 6e20 5043 .img'. On PC\n-0001cbd0: 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 732c 2074 BIOS systems, t\n-0001cbe0: 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2074 6865 his image is the\n-0001cbf0: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2047 first part of G\n-0001cc00: 5255 4220 746f 2073 7461 7274 2e0a 2020 RUB to start.. \n-0001cc10: 2020 2049 7420 6973 2077 7269 7474 656e It is written\n-0001cc20: 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 7374 6572 2062 6f6f to a master boo\n-0001cc30: 7420 7265 636f 7264 2028 4d42 5229 206f t record (MBR) o\n-0001cc40: 7220 746f 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 r to the boot se\n-0001cc50: 6374 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2061 2070 ctor. of a p\n-0001cc60: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2042 6563 6175 artition. Becau\n-0001cc70: 7365 2061 2050 4320 626f 6f74 2073 6563 se a PC boot sec\n-0001cc80: 746f 7220 6973 2035 3132 2062 7974 6573 tor is 512 bytes\n-0001cc90: 2c20 7468 6520 7369 7a65 206f 660a 2020 , the size of. \n-0001cca0: 2020 2074 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 this image is\n-0001ccb0: 2065 7861 6374 6c79 2035 3132 2062 7974 exactly 512 byt\n-0001ccc0: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 736f es... The so\n-0001ccd0: 6c65 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 2027 le function of '\n-0001cce0: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 2720 6973 2074 6f20 boot.img' is to \n-0001ccf0: 7265 6164 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 read the first s\n-0001cd00: 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ector of the. \n-0001cd10: 2020 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f core image fro\n-0001cd20: 6d20 6120 6c6f 6361 6c20 6469 736b 2061 m a local disk a\n-0001cd30: 6e64 206a 756d 7020 746f 2069 742e 2020 nd jump to it. \n-0001cd40: 4265 6361 7573 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2073 Because of the s\n-0001cd50: 697a 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 7472 6963 ize. restric\n-0001cd60: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2762 6f6f 742e 696d 6727 tion, 'boot.img'\n-0001cd70: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 756e 6465 7273 7461 cannot understa\n-0001cd80: 6e64 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 nd any file syst\n-0001cd90: 656d 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 em. structur\n-0001cda0: 652c 2073 6f20 2767 7275 622d 696e 7374 e, so 'grub-inst\n-0001cdb0: 616c 6c27 2068 6172 6463 6f64 6573 2074 all' hardcodes t\n-0001cdc0: 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 he location of t\n-0001cdd0: 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a20 2020 2020 7365 he first. se\n-0001cde0: 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 ctor of the core\n-0001cdf0: 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e74 6f20 2762 6f6f image into 'boo\n-0001ce00: 742e 696d 6727 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 t.img' when inst\n-0001ce10: 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2764 alling GRUB...'d\n-0001ce20: 6973 6b62 6f6f 742e 696d 6727 0a20 2020 iskboot.img'. \n-0001ce30: 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 This image is \n-0001ce40: 7573 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 used as the firs\n-0001ce50: 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 t sector of the \n-0001ce60: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 6865 6e0a core image when.\n-0001ce70: 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f booting fro\n-0001ce80: 6d20 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 m a hard disk. \n-0001ce90: 4974 2072 6561 6473 2074 6865 2072 6573 It reads the res\n-0001cea0: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d t of the core im\n-0001ceb0: 6167 6520 696e 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 age into. me\n-0001cec0: 6d6f 7279 2061 6e64 2073 7461 7274 7320 mory and starts \n-0001ced0: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e20 2053 696e the kernel. Sin\n-0001cee0: 6365 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2068 ce file system h\n-0001cef0: 616e 646c 696e 6720 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 andling is not. \n-0001cf00: 2020 2020 7965 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c yet availabl\n-0001cf10: 652c 2069 7420 656e 636f 6465 7320 7468 e, it encodes th\n-0001cf20: 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 e location of th\n-0001cf30: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2075 7369 e core image usi\n-0001cf40: 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 ng a. block \n-0001cf50: 6c69 7374 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a 2763 list format...'c\n-0001cf60: 6462 6f6f 742e 696d 6727 0a20 2020 2020 dboot.img'. \n-0001cf70: 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7573 This image is us\n-0001cf80: 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ed as the first \n-0001cf90: 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f sector of the co\n-0001cfa0: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 6865 6e0a 2020 re image when. \n-0001cfb0: 2020 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 booting from \n-0001cfc0: 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2064 7269 7665 2e20 a CD-ROM drive. \n-0001cfd0: 2049 7420 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 2073 It performs a s\n-0001cfe0: 696d 696c 6172 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 imilar function \n-0001cff0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2764 6973 6b62 6f6f to. 'diskboo\n-0001d000: 742e 696d 6727 2e0a 0a27 7078 6562 6f6f t.img'...'pxeboo\n-0001d010: 742e 696d 6727 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 t.img'. This\n-0001d020: 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7573 6564 2061 image is used a\n-0001d030: 7320 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 s the start of t\n-0001d040: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7768 he core image wh\n-0001d050: 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d0a en booting from.\n-0001d060: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b the network\n-0001d070: 2075 7369 6e67 2050 5845 2e20 2a4e 6f74 using PXE. *Not\n-0001d080: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 276c e Network::...'l\n-0001d090: 6e78 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 270a 2020 2020 nxboot.img'. \n-0001d0a0: 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6d61 7920 This image may \n-0001d0b0: 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 6174 2074 6865 be placed at the\n-0001d0c0: 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f start of the co\n-0001d0d0: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 re image in orde\n-0001d0e0: 7220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2047 r to. make G\n-0001d0f0: 5255 4220 6c6f 6f6b 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 RUB look enough \n-0001d100: 6c69 6b65 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 like a Linux ker\n-0001d110: 6e65 6c20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 6e20 nel that it can \n-0001d120: 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 be booted by. \n-0001d130: 2020 4c49 4c4f 2075 7369 6e67 2061 6e20 LILO using an \n-0001d140: 2769 6d61 6765 3d27 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 'image=' section\n-0001d150: 2e0a 0a27 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 270a ...'kernel.img'.\n-0001d160: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 This image \n-0001d170: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2047 5255 4227 7320 contains GRUB's \n-0001d180: 6261 7369 6320 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 2066 basic run-time f\n-0001d190: 6163 696c 6974 6965 733a 2066 7261 6d65 acilities: frame\n-0001d1a0: 776f 726b 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2064 works. for d\n-0001d1b0: 6576 6963 6520 616e 6420 6669 6c65 2068 evice and file h\n-0001d1c0: 616e 646c 696e 672c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e andling, environ\n-0001d1d0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 ment variables, \n-0001d1e0: 7468 6520 7265 7363 7565 0a20 2020 2020 the rescue. \n-0001d1f0: 6d6f 6465 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e mode command-lin\n-0001d200: 6520 7061 7273 6572 2c20 616e 6420 736f e parser, and so\n-0001d210: 206f 6e2e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7261 7265 on. It is rare\n-0001d220: 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 ly used directly\n-0001d230: 2c0a 2020 2020 2062 7574 2069 7320 6275 ,. but is bu\n-0001d240: 696c 7420 696e 746f 2061 6c6c 2063 6f72 ilt into all cor\n-0001d250: 6520 696d 6167 6573 2e0a 0a27 636f 7265 e images...'core\n-0001d260: 2e69 6d67 270a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 .img'. This \n-0001d270: 6973 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 is the core imag\n-0001d280: 6520 6f66 2047 5255 422e 2049 7420 6973 e of GRUB. It is\n-0001d290: 2062 7569 6c74 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c built dynamical\n-0001d2a0: 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ly from the. \n-0001d2b0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 616e kernel image an\n-0001d2c0: 6420 616e 2061 7262 6974 7261 7279 206c d an arbitrary l\n-0001d2d0: 6973 7420 6f66 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2062 ist of modules b\n-0001d2e0: 7920 7468 6520 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 696d y the 'grub-mkim\n-0001d2f0: 6167 6527 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f67 7261 age'. progra\n-0001d300: 6d2e 2020 5573 7561 6c6c 792c 2069 7420 m. Usually, it \n-0001d310: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 contains enough \n-0001d320: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 746f 2061 6363 6573 modules to acces\n-0001d330: 730a 2020 2020 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 s. '/boot/gr\n-0001d340: 7562 272c 2061 6e64 206c 6f61 6473 2065 ub', and loads e\n-0001d350: 7665 7279 7468 696e 6720 656c 7365 2028 verything else (\n-0001d360: 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6d65 6e75 2068 including menu h\n-0001d370: 616e 646c 696e 672c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 andling,. th\n-0001d380: 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 206c 6f61 e ability to loa\n-0001d390: 6420 7461 7267 6574 206f 7065 7261 7469 d target operati\n-0001d3a0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 616e 6420 ng systems, and \n-0001d3b0: 736f 206f 6e29 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a so on) from the.\n-0001d3c0: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d file system\n-0001d3d0: 2061 7420 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 2e20 2054 at run-time. T\n-0001d3e0: 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6172 2064 6573 6967 he modular desig\n-0001d3f0: 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 2063 6f72 n allows the cor\n-0001d400: 6520 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e image. to \n-0001d410: 6265 206b 6570 7420 736d 616c 6c2c 2073 be kept small, s\n-0001d420: 696e 6365 2074 6865 2061 7265 6173 206f ince the areas o\n-0001d430: 6620 6469 736b 2077 6865 7265 2069 7420 f disk where it \n-0001d440: 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 must be. ins\n-0001d450: 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 7265 206f 6674 656e talled are often\n-0001d460: 2061 7320 736d 616c 6c20 6173 2033 324b as small as 32K\n-0001d470: 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 2042 B... *Note B\n-0001d480: 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e IOS installation\n-0001d490: 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c 7320 ::, for details \n-0001d4a0: 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2063 6f72 on where the cor\n-0001d4b0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e0a 2020 2020 e image can. \n-0001d4c0: 2062 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e be installed on\n-0001d4d0: 2050 4320 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 272a PC systems...'*\n-0001d4e0: 2e6d 6f64 270a 2020 2020 2045 7665 7279 .mod'. Every\n-0001d4f0: 7468 696e 6720 656c 7365 2069 6e20 4752 thing else in GR\n-0001d500: 5542 2072 6573 6964 6573 2069 6e20 6479 UB resides in dy\n-0001d510: 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 6162 namically loadab\n-0001d520: 6c65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 le modules.. \n-0001d530: 2054 6865 7365 2061 7265 206f 6674 656e These are often\n-0001d540: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6175 746f 6d61 7469 loaded automati\n-0001d550: 6361 6c6c 792c 206f 7220 6275 696c 7420 cally, or built \n-0001d560: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d into the core im\n-0001d570: 6167 650a 2020 2020 2069 6620 7468 6579 age. if they\n-0001d580: 2061 7265 2065 7373 656e 7469 616c 2c20 are essential, \n-0001d590: 6275 7420 6d61 7920 616c 736f 2062 6520 but may also be \n-0001d5a0: 6c6f 6164 6564 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 loaded manually \n-0001d5b0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2027 using the. '\n-0001d5c0: 696e 736d 6f64 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 insmod' command \n-0001d5d0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 (*note insmod::)\n-0001d5e0: 2e0a 0a46 6f72 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 ...For GRUB Lega\n-0001d5f0: 6379 2075 7365 7273 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d cy users.=======\n-0001d600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-0001d610: 4752 5542 2032 2068 6173 2061 2064 6966 GRUB 2 has a dif\n-0001d620: 6665 7265 6e74 2064 6573 6967 6e20 6672 ferent design fr\n-0001d630: 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 om GRUB Legacy, \n-0001d640: 616e 6420 736f 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e and so correspon\n-0001d650: 6465 6e63 6573 0a77 6974 6820 7468 6520 dences.with the \n-0001d660: 696d 6167 6573 2069 7420 7573 6564 2063 images it used c\n-0001d670: 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 2065 7861 6374 2e20 annot be exact. \n-0001d680: 204e 6576 6572 7468 656c 6573 732c 2047 Nevertheless, G\n-0001d690: 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 0a75 7365 7273 RUB Legacy.users\n-0001d6a0: 206f 6674 656e 2061 736b 2071 7565 7374 often ask quest\n-0001d6b0: 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7465 726d ions in the term\n-0001d6c0: 7320 7468 6579 2061 7265 2066 616d 696c s they are famil\n-0001d6d0: 6961 7220 7769 7468 2c20 616e 6420 736f iar with, and so\n-0001d6e0: 0a68 6572 6520 6973 2061 2062 7269 6566 .here is a brief\n-0001d6f0: 2067 7569 6465 2074 6f20 686f 7720 4752 guide to how GR\n-0001d700: 5542 2032 2773 2069 6d61 6765 7320 7265 UB 2's images re\n-0001d710: 6c61 7465 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2e0a 0a27 late to that...'\n-0001d720: 7374 6167 6531 270a 2020 2020 2053 7461 stage1'. Sta\n-0001d730: 6765 2031 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c ge 1 from GRUB L\n-0001d740: 6567 6163 7920 7761 7320 7665 7279 2073 egacy was very s\n-0001d750: 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 2762 6f6f 742e imilar to 'boot.\n-0001d760: 696d 6727 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2c0a img' in GRUB 2,.\n-0001d770: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 7920 7365 and they se\n-0001d780: 7276 6520 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2066 756e rve the same fun\n-0001d790: 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a 272a 5f73 7461 6765 ction...'*_stage\n-0001d7a0: 315f 3527 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 5255 1_5'. In GRU\n-0001d7b0: 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 5374 6167 6520 B Legacy, Stage \n-0001d7c0: 312e 3527 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 1.5's function w\n-0001d7d0: 6173 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 656e as to include en\n-0001d7e0: 6f75 6768 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 ough. filesy\n-0001d7f0: 7374 656d 2063 6f64 6520 746f 2061 6c6c stem code to all\n-0001d800: 6f77 2074 6865 206d 7563 6820 6c61 7267 ow the much larg\n-0001d810: 6572 2053 7461 6765 2032 2074 6f20 6265 er Stage 2 to be\n-0001d820: 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e0a 2020 read from an. \n-0001d830: 2020 206f 7264 696e 6172 7920 6669 6c65 ordinary file\n-0001d840: 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 system. In this\n-0001d850: 2072 6573 7065 6374 2c20 6974 7320 6675 respect, its fu\n-0001d860: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 2073 696d 696c nction was simil\n-0001d870: 6172 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 636f 7265 ar to. 'core\n-0001d880: 2e69 6d67 2720 696e 2047 5255 4220 322e .img' in GRUB 2.\n-0001d890: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2027 636f 7265 However, 'core\n-0001d8a0: 2e69 6d67 2720 6973 206d 7563 6820 6d6f .img' is much mo\n-0001d8b0: 7265 2063 6170 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 re capable. \n-0001d8c0: 7468 616e 2053 7461 6765 2031 2e35 2077 than Stage 1.5 w\n-0001d8d0: 6173 3b20 7369 6e63 6520 6974 206f 6666 as; since it off\n-0001d8e0: 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 ers a rescue she\n-0001d8f0: 6c6c 2c20 6974 2069 7320 736f 6d65 7469 ll, it is someti\n-0001d900: 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 7369 626c mes. possibl\n-0001d910: 6520 746f 2072 6563 6f76 6572 206d 616e e to recover man\n-0001d920: 7561 6c6c 7920 696e 2074 6865 2065 7665 ually in the eve\n-0001d930: 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 756e nt that it is un\n-0001d940: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 able to load. \n-0001d950: 2020 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6d6f 6475 any other modu\n-0001d960: 6c65 732c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 les, for example\n-0001d970: 2069 6620 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 if partition nu\n-0001d980: 6d62 6572 7320 6861 7665 2063 6861 6e67 mbers have chang\n-0001d990: 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 636f 7265 2e69 ed.. 'core.i\n-0001d9a0: 6d67 2720 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e20 mg' is built in \n-0001d9b0: 6120 6d6f 7265 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 a more flexible \n-0001d9c0: 7761 792c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 4752 way, allowing GR\n-0001d9d0: 5542 2032 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 UB 2 to. sup\n-0001d9e0: 706f 7274 2072 6561 6469 6e67 206d 6f64 port reading mod\n-0001d9f0: 756c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6164 7661 6e63 ules from advanc\n-0001da00: 6564 2064 6973 6b20 7479 7065 7320 7375 ed disk types su\n-0001da10: 6368 2061 7320 4c56 4d20 616e 640a 2020 ch as LVM and. \n-0001da20: 2020 2052 4149 442e 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 RAID... G\n-0001da30: 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2063 6f75 6c64 RUB Legacy could\n-0001da40: 2072 756e 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 6c79 2053 run with only S\n-0001da50: 7461 6765 2031 2061 6e64 2053 7461 6765 tage 1 and Stage\n-0001da60: 2032 2069 6e20 736f 6d65 206c 696d 6974 2 in some limit\n-0001da70: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ed. configur\n-0001da80: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 7768 696c 6520 4752 ations, while GR\n-0001da90: 5542 2032 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 2763 UB 2 requires 'c\n-0001daa0: 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2061 6e64 2063 616e ore.img' and can\n-0001dab0: 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7769 not work. wi\n-0001dac0: 7468 6f75 7420 6974 2e0a 0a27 7374 6167 thout it...'stag\n-0001dad0: 6532 270a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 3220 e2'. GRUB 2 \n-0001dae0: 6861 7320 6e6f 2073 696e 676c 6520 5374 has no single St\n-0001daf0: 6167 6520 3220 696d 6167 652e 2020 496e age 2 image. In\n-0001db00: 7374 6561 642c 2069 7420 6c6f 6164 7320 stead, it loads \n-0001db10: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 modules from. \n-0001db20: 2020 272f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 6227 2061 '/boot/grub' a\n-0001db30: 7420 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 2e0a 0a27 7374 t run-time...'st\n-0001db40: 6167 6532 5f65 6c74 6f72 6974 6f27 0a20 age2_eltorito'. \n-0001db50: 2020 2020 496e 2047 5255 4220 322c 2069 In GRUB 2, i\n-0001db60: 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 626f 6f74 696e mages for bootin\n-0001db70: 6720 6672 6f6d 2043 442d 524f 4d20 6472 g from CD-ROM dr\n-0001db80: 6976 6573 2061 7265 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 ives are now. \n-0001db90: 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 6420 7573 constructed us\n-0001dba0: 696e 6720 2763 6462 6f6f 742e 696d 6727 ing 'cdboot.img'\n-0001dbb0: 2061 6e64 2027 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 272c and 'core.img',\n-0001dbc0: 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 7265 2074 6861 making sure tha\n-0001dbd0: 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6520 t the. core \n-0001dbe0: 696d 6167 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 image contains t\n-0001dbf0: 6865 2027 6973 6f39 3636 3027 206d 6f64 he 'iso9660' mod\n-0001dc00: 756c 652e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7573 7561 ule. It is usua\n-0001dc10: 6c6c 7920 6265 7374 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 lly best to. \n-0001dc20: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2027 6772 7562 2d6d use the 'grub-m\n-0001dc30: 6b72 6573 6375 6527 2070 726f 6772 616d krescue' program\n-0001dc40: 2066 6f72 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 276e 6267 for this...'nbg\n-0001dc50: 7275 6227 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6572 6520 rub'. There \n-0001dc60: 6973 2061 7320 7965 7420 6e6f 2065 7175 is as yet no equ\n-0001dc70: 6976 616c 656e 7420 666f 7220 276e 6267 ivalent for 'nbg\n-0001dc80: 7275 6227 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 3b20 rub' in GRUB 2; \n-0001dc90: 6974 2077 6173 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 it was used. \n-0001dca0: 2062 7920 4574 6865 7262 6f6f 7420 616e by Etherboot an\n-0001dcb0: 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 206e 6574 d some other net\n-0001dcc0: 776f 726b 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 work boot loader\n-0001dcd0: 732e 0a0a 2770 7865 6772 7562 270a 2020 s...'pxegrub'. \n-0001dce0: 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 696d In GRUB 2, im\n-0001dcf0: 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2050 5845 206e 6574 ages for PXE net\n-0001dd00: 776f 726b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 7265 work booting are\n-0001dd10: 206e 6f77 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 6564 now constructed\n-0001dd20: 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 2770 7865 using. 'pxe\n-0001dd30: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 2720 616e 6420 2763 boot.img' and 'c\n-0001dd40: 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 ore.img', making\n-0001dd50: 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 2063 sure that the c\n-0001dd60: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 2063 ore image. c\n-0001dd70: 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 2770 7865 ontains the 'pxe\n-0001dd80: 2720 616e 6420 2770 7865 636d 6427 206d ' and 'pxecmd' m\n-0001dd90: 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 204e odules. *Note N\n-0001dda0: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n-0001ddb0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0001ddc0: 6f64 653a 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 ode: Core image \n-0001ddd0: 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2c size limitation,\n-0001dde0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 Next: Filesyst\n-0001ddf0: 656d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6d61 6765 em, Prev: Image\n-0001de00: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3220 s, Up: Top..12 \n-0001de10: 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 Core image size \n-0001de20: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a limitation.*****\n+0001c350: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n+0001c360: 0a53 6f6d 6520 6c61 7074 6f70 2076 656e .Some laptop ven\n+0001c370: 646f 7273 2070 726f 7669 6465 2061 6e20 dors provide an \n+0001c380: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6f77 6572 additional power\n+0001c390: 2d6f 6e20 6275 7474 6f6e 2077 6869 6368 -on button which\n+0001c3a0: 2062 6f6f 7473 0a61 6e6f 7468 6572 204f boots.another O\n+0001c3b0: 532e 2047 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 S. GRUB supports\n+0001c3c0: 2073 7563 6820 6275 7474 6f6e 7320 7769 such buttons wi\n+0001c3d0: 7468 2074 6865 2027 4752 5542 5f54 494d th the 'GRUB_TIM\n+0001c3e0: 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4e27 2c0a 2747 EOUT_BUTTON',.'G\n+0001c3f0: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c RUB_TIMEOUT_STYL\n+0001c400: 455f 4255 5454 4f4e 272c 2027 4752 5542 E_BUTTON', 'GRUB\n+0001c410: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4e27 _DEFAULT_BUTTON'\n+0001c420: 2c20 616e 640a 2747 5255 425f 4255 5454 , and.'GRUB_BUTT\n+0001c430: 4f4e 5f43 4d4f 535f 4144 4452 4553 5327 ON_CMOS_ADDRESS'\n+0001c440: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2069 6e20 6465 variables in de\n+0001c450: 6661 756c 742f 6772 7562 2028 2a6e 6f74 fault/grub (*not\n+0001c460: 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 e Simple.configu\n+0001c470: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 2747 5255 ration::). 'GRU\n+0001c480: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 5454 4f4e B_TIMEOUT_BUTTON\n+0001c490: 272c 2027 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ', 'GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+0001c4a0: 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4e27 2c0a _STYLE_BUTTON',.\n+0001c4b0: 616e 6420 2747 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c and 'GRUB_DEFAUL\n+0001c4c0: 545f 4255 5454 4f4e 2720 6172 6520 7573 T_BUTTON' are us\n+0001c4d0: 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 ed instead of th\n+0001c4e0: 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 670a e corresponding.\n+0001c4f0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7769 7468 6f75 variables withou\n+0001c500: 7420 7468 6520 275f 4255 5454 4f4e 2720 t the '_BUTTON' \n+0001c510: 7375 6666 6978 2077 6865 6e20 706f 7765 suffix when powe\n+0001c520: 7265 6420 6f6e 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 red on using the\n+0001c530: 2073 7065 6369 616c 0a62 7574 746f 6e2e special.button.\n+0001c540: 2020 2747 5255 425f 4255 5454 4f4e 5f43 'GRUB_BUTTON_C\n+0001c550: 4d4f 535f 4144 4452 4553 5327 2069 7320 MOS_ADDRESS' is \n+0001c560: 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 vendor-specific \n+0001c570: 616e 6420 7061 7274 6961 6c6c 790a 6d6f and partially.mo\n+0001c580: 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2e20 2056 del-specific. V\n+0001c590: 616c 7565 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2074 alues known to t\n+0001c5a0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2061 7265 he GRUB team are\n+0001c5b0: 3a0a 0a3c 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 204d 3133 :... 121:3.\n+0001c5d0: 3c44 656c 6c20 5850 5320 4d31 3533 303e \n+0001c5e0: 0a20 2020 2020 3835 3a33 0a3c 4465 6c6c . 85:3.\n+0001c600: 0a20 2020 2020 3835 3a33 0a3c 4173 7573 . 85:3.. \n+0001c620: 2020 2020 3834 3a31 2028 756e 636f 6e66 84:1 (unconf\n+0001c630: 6972 6d65 6429 0a3c 4c45 4e4f 564f 2054 irmed).. 10\n+0001c660: 313a 330a 0a20 2020 546f 2074 616b 6520 1:3.. To take \n+0001c670: 6675 6c6c 2061 6476 616e 7461 6765 206f full advantage o\n+0001c680: 6620 7468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2c f this function,\n+0001c690: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e install GRUB in\n+0001c6a0: 746f 2074 6865 204d 4252 0a28 2a6e 6f74 to the MBR.(*not\n+0001c6b0: 6520 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 e Installing GRU\n+0001c6c0: 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 B using grub-ins\n+0001c6d0: 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 tall::)... If \n+0001c6e0: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2061 206c 6170 746f you have a lapto\n+0001c6f0: 7020 7768 6963 6820 6861 7320 6120 7369 p which has a si\n+0001c700: 6d69 6c61 7220 6665 6174 7572 6520 616e milar feature an\n+0001c710: 6420 6e6f 7420 696e 2074 6865 2061 626f d not in the abo\n+0001c720: 7665 0a6c 6973 7420 636f 756c 6420 796f ve.list could yo\n+0001c730: 7520 6669 6775 7265 2079 6f75 7220 6164 u figure your ad\n+0001c740: 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 636f 6e74 7269 dress and contri\n+0001c750: 6275 7465 3f20 2054 6f20 6469 7363 6f76 bute? To discov\n+0001c760: 6572 2074 6865 0a61 6464 7265 7373 2064 er the.address d\n+0001c770: 6f20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a o the following:\n+0001c780: 0a20 2020 2a20 626f 6f74 206e 6f72 6d61 . * boot norma\n+0001c790: 6c6c 790a 2020 202a 2020 2020 2020 7375 lly. * su\n+0001c7a0: 646f 206d 6f64 7072 6f62 6520 6e76 7261 do modprobe nvra\n+0001c7b0: 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 646f m. sudo\n+0001c7c0: 2063 6174 202f 6465 762f 6e76 7261 6d20 cat /dev/nvram \n+0001c7d0: 7c20 7878 6420 3e20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f62 | xxd > normal_b\n+0001c7e0: 7574 746f 6e2e 7478 740a 2020 202a 2062 utton.txt. * b\n+0001c7f0: 6f6f 7420 7573 696e 6720 7665 6e64 6f72 oot using vendor\n+0001c800: 2062 7574 746f 6e0a 2020 202a 2020 2020 button. * \n+0001c810: 2020 7375 646f 206d 6f64 7072 6f62 6520 sudo modprobe \n+0001c820: 6e76 7261 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nvram. \n+0001c830: 7375 646f 2063 6174 202f 6465 762f 6e76 sudo cat /dev/nv\n+0001c840: 7261 6d20 7c20 7878 6420 3e20 6e6f 726d ram | xxd > norm\n+0001c850: 616c 5f76 656e 646f 722e 7478 740a 0a20 al_vendor.txt.. \n+0001c860: 2020 5468 656e 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 Then compare t\n+0001c870: 6865 7365 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 7320 hese text files \n+0001c880: 616e 6420 6669 6e64 2077 6865 7265 2061 and find where a\n+0001c890: 2062 6974 2077 6173 2074 6f67 676c 6564 bit was toggled\n+0001c8a0: 2e20 2045 2e67 2e0a 696e 2063 6173 6520 . E.g..in case \n+0001c8b0: 6f66 2044 656c 6c20 5850 5320 6974 2077 of Dell XPS it w\n+0001c8c0: 6173 3a0a 2020 2020 2062 7974 6520 3078 as:. byte 0x\n+0001c8d0: 3437 3a20 3230 202d 2d3e 2032 380a 2020 47: 20 --> 28. \n+0001c8e0: 2049 7427 7320 6120 6269 7420 6e75 6d62 It's a bit numb\n+0001c8f0: 6572 2033 2061 7320 7365 656e 2066 726f er 3 as seen fro\n+0001c900: 6d20 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7461 626c m following tabl\n+0001c910: 653a 0a30 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:.0 \n+0001c920: 2020 3031 0a31 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 01.1 \n+0001c930: 2020 2020 3032 0a32 2020 2020 2020 2020 02.2 \n+0001c940: 2020 2020 2020 3034 0a33 2020 2020 2020 04.3 \n+0001c950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3038 0a34 2020 2020 08.4 \n+0001c960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3130 0a35 2020 10.5 \n+0001c970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3230 0a36 20.6\n+0001c980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3430 40\n+0001c990: 0a37 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .7 \n+0001c9a0: 3830 0a0a 2020 2030 7834 3720 6973 2064 80.. 0x47 is d\n+0001c9b0: 6563 696d 616c 2037 312e 2020 4c69 6e75 ecimal 71. Linu\n+0001c9c0: 7820 6e76 7261 6d20 696d 706c 656d 656e x nvram implemen\n+0001c9d0: 7461 7469 6f6e 2063 7574 7320 6669 7273 tation cuts firs\n+0001c9e0: 7420 3134 2062 7974 6573 0a6f 6620 434d t 14 bytes.of CM\n+0001c9f0: 4f53 2e20 536f 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c20 OS. So the real \n+0001ca00: 6279 7465 2061 6464 7265 7373 2069 6e20 byte address in \n+0001ca10: 434d 4f53 2069 7320 3731 2b31 343d 3835 CMOS is 71+14=85\n+0001ca20: 2053 6f20 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 0a61 6464 So complete.add\n+0001ca30: 7265 7373 2069 7320 3835 3a33 0a0a 1f0a ress is 85:3....\n+0001ca40: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0001ca50: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 Node: Images, \n+0001ca60: 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 Next: Core imag\n+0001ca70: 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f e size limitatio\n+0001ca80: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 n, Prev: Vendor\n+0001ca90: 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 power-on keys, \n+0001caa0: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3131 2047 5255 Up: Top..11 GRU\n+0001cab0: 4220 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 730a 2a2a B image files.**\n+0001cac0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0001cad0: 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 636f 6e73 6973 7473 *..GRUB consists\n+0001cae0: 206f 6620 7365 7665 7261 6c20 696d 6167 of several imag\n+0001caf0: 6573 3a20 6120 7661 7269 6574 7920 6f66 es: a variety of\n+0001cb00: 2062 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 2069 6d61 6765 bootstrap image\n+0001cb10: 7320 666f 720a 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2047 s for.starting G\n+0001cb20: 5255 4220 696e 2076 6172 696f 7573 2077 RUB in various w\n+0001cb30: 6179 732c 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d ays, a kernel im\n+0001cb40: 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2061 2073 6574 206f age, and a set o\n+0001cb50: 6620 6d6f 6475 6c65 730a 7768 6963 6820 f modules.which \n+0001cb60: 6172 6520 636f 6d62 696e 6564 2077 6974 are combined wit\n+0001cb70: 6820 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 h the kernel ima\n+0001cb80: 6765 2074 6f20 666f 726d 2061 2063 6f72 ge to form a cor\n+0001cb90: 6520 696d 6167 652e 2020 4865 7265 2069 e image. Here i\n+0001cba0: 730a 6120 7368 6f72 7420 6f76 6572 7669 s.a short overvi\n+0001cbb0: 6577 206f 6620 7468 656d 2e0a 0a27 626f ew of them...'bo\n+0001cbc0: 6f74 2e69 6d67 270a 2020 2020 204f 6e20 ot.img'. On \n+0001cbd0: 5043 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 732c PC BIOS systems,\n+0001cbe0: 2074 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2074 this image is t\n+0001cbf0: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7420 6f66 he first part of\n+0001cc00: 2047 5255 4220 746f 2073 7461 7274 2e0a GRUB to start..\n+0001cc10: 2020 2020 2049 7420 6973 2077 7269 7474 It is writt\n+0001cc20: 656e 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 7374 6572 2062 en to a master b\n+0001cc30: 6f6f 7420 7265 636f 7264 2028 4d42 5229 oot record (MBR)\n+0001cc40: 206f 7220 746f 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 or to the boot \n+0001cc50: 7365 6374 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2061 sector. of a\n+0001cc60: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2042 6563 partition. Bec\n+0001cc70: 6175 7365 2061 2050 4320 626f 6f74 2073 ause a PC boot s\n+0001cc80: 6563 746f 7220 6973 2035 3132 2062 7974 ector is 512 byt\n+0001cc90: 6573 2c20 7468 6520 7369 7a65 206f 660a es, the size of.\n+0001cca0: 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 this image \n+0001ccb0: 6973 2065 7861 6374 6c79 2035 3132 2062 is exactly 512 b\n+0001ccc0: 7974 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ytes... The \n+0001ccd0: 736f 6c65 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 sole function of\n+0001cce0: 2027 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 2720 6973 2074 'boot.img' is t\n+0001ccf0: 6f20 7265 6164 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 o read the first\n+0001cd00: 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 sector of the. \n+0001cd10: 2020 2020 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2066 core image f\n+0001cd20: 726f 6d20 6120 6c6f 6361 6c20 6469 736b rom a local disk\n+0001cd30: 2061 6e64 206a 756d 7020 746f 2069 742e and jump to it.\n+0001cd40: 2020 4265 6361 7573 6520 6f66 2074 6865 Because of the\n+0001cd50: 2073 697a 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 7472 size. restr\n+0001cd60: 6963 7469 6f6e 2c20 2762 6f6f 742e 696d iction, 'boot.im\n+0001cd70: 6727 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 756e 6465 7273 g' cannot unders\n+0001cd80: 7461 6e64 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 tand any file sy\n+0001cd90: 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 stem. struct\n+0001cda0: 7572 652c 2073 6f20 2767 7275 622d 696e ure, so 'grub-in\n+0001cdb0: 7374 616c 6c27 2068 6172 6463 6f64 6573 stall' hardcodes\n+0001cdc0: 2074 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 the location of\n+0001cdd0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a20 2020 2020 the first. \n+0001cde0: 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f sector of the co\n+0001cdf0: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e74 6f20 2762 re image into 'b\n+0001ce00: 6f6f 742e 696d 6727 2077 6865 6e20 696e oot.img' when in\n+0001ce10: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 422e 0a0a stalling GRUB...\n+0001ce20: 2764 6973 6b62 6f6f 742e 696d 6727 0a20 'diskboot.img'. \n+0001ce30: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 This image i\n+0001ce40: 7320 7573 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 6669 s used as the fi\n+0001ce50: 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 rst sector of th\n+0001ce60: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 6865 e core image whe\n+0001ce70: 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 n. booting f\n+0001ce80: 726f 6d20 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e rom a hard disk.\n+0001ce90: 2020 4974 2072 6561 6473 2074 6865 2072 It reads the r\n+0001cea0: 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 est of the core \n+0001ceb0: 696d 6167 6520 696e 746f 0a20 2020 2020 image into. \n+0001cec0: 6d65 6d6f 7279 2061 6e64 2073 7461 7274 memory and start\n+0001ced0: 7320 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e20 2053 s the kernel. S\n+0001cee0: 696e 6365 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d ince file system\n+0001cef0: 2068 616e 646c 696e 6720 6973 206e 6f74 handling is not\n+0001cf00: 0a20 2020 2020 7965 7420 6176 6169 6c61 . yet availa\n+0001cf10: 626c 652c 2069 7420 656e 636f 6465 7320 ble, it encodes \n+0001cf20: 7468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 the location of \n+0001cf30: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2075 the core image u\n+0001cf40: 7369 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 sing a. bloc\n+0001cf50: 6b20 6c69 7374 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a k list format...\n+0001cf60: 2763 6462 6f6f 742e 696d 6727 0a20 2020 'cdboot.img'. \n+0001cf70: 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 This image is \n+0001cf80: 7573 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 used as the firs\n+0001cf90: 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 t sector of the \n+0001cfa0: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 6865 6e0a core image when.\n+0001cfb0: 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f booting fro\n+0001cfc0: 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2064 7269 7665 m a CD-ROM drive\n+0001cfd0: 2e20 2049 7420 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 . It performs a\n+0001cfe0: 2073 696d 696c 6172 2066 756e 6374 696f similar functio\n+0001cff0: 6e20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2764 6973 6b62 n to. 'diskb\n+0001d000: 6f6f 742e 696d 6727 2e0a 0a27 7078 6562 oot.img'...'pxeb\n+0001d010: 6f6f 742e 696d 6727 0a20 2020 2020 5468 oot.img'. Th\n+0001d020: 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7573 6564 is image is used\n+0001d030: 2061 7320 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 as the start of\n+0001d040: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n+0001d050: 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f when booting fro\n+0001d060: 6d0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f m. the netwo\n+0001d070: 726b 2075 7369 6e67 2050 5845 2e20 2a4e rk using PXE. *N\n+0001d080: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n+0001d090: 276c 6e78 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 270a 2020 'lnxboot.img'. \n+0001d0a0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6d61 This image ma\n+0001d0b0: 7920 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 6174 2074 y be placed at t\n+0001d0c0: 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 he start of the \n+0001d0d0: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e20 6f72 core image in or\n+0001d0e0: 6465 7220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 der to. make\n+0001d0f0: 2047 5255 4220 6c6f 6f6b 2065 6e6f 7567 GRUB look enoug\n+0001d100: 6820 6c69 6b65 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b h like a Linux k\n+0001d110: 6572 6e65 6c20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 ernel that it ca\n+0001d120: 6e20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 6279 0a20 n be booted by. \n+0001d130: 2020 2020 4c49 4c4f 2075 7369 6e67 2061 LILO using a\n+0001d140: 6e20 2769 6d61 6765 3d27 2073 6563 7469 n 'image=' secti\n+0001d150: 6f6e 2e0a 0a27 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 on...'kernel.img\n+0001d160: 270a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 '. This imag\n+0001d170: 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2047 5255 4227 e contains GRUB'\n+0001d180: 7320 6261 7369 6320 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 s basic run-time\n+0001d190: 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 733a 2066 7261 facilities: fra\n+0001d1a0: 6d65 776f 726b 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 meworks. for\n+0001d1b0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 616e 6420 6669 6c65 device and file\n+0001d1c0: 2068 616e 646c 696e 672c 2065 6e76 6972 handling, envir\n+0001d1d0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+0001d1e0: 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7363 7565 0a20 2020 , the rescue. \n+0001d1f0: 2020 6d6f 6465 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c mode command-l\n+0001d200: 696e 6520 7061 7273 6572 2c20 616e 6420 ine parser, and \n+0001d210: 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7261 so on. It is ra\n+0001d220: 7265 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 rely used direct\n+0001d230: 6c79 2c0a 2020 2020 2062 7574 2069 7320 ly,. but is \n+0001d240: 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f 2061 6c6c 2063 built into all c\n+0001d250: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6573 2e0a 0a27 636f ore images...'co\n+0001d260: 7265 2e69 6d67 270a 2020 2020 2054 6869 re.img'. Thi\n+0001d270: 7320 6973 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d s is the core im\n+0001d280: 6167 6520 6f66 2047 5255 422e 2049 7420 age of GRUB. It \n+0001d290: 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2064 796e 616d 6963 is built dynamic\n+0001d2a0: 616c 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 ally from the. \n+0001d2b0: 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 kernel image \n+0001d2c0: 616e 6420 616e 2061 7262 6974 7261 7279 and an arbitrary\n+0001d2d0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206d 6f64 756c 6573 list of modules\n+0001d2e0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 2767 7275 622d 6d6b by the 'grub-mk\n+0001d2f0: 696d 6167 6527 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f67 image'. prog\n+0001d300: 7261 6d2e 2020 5573 7561 6c6c 792c 2069 ram. Usually, i\n+0001d310: 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2065 6e6f 7567 t contains enoug\n+0001d320: 6820 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 746f 2061 6363 h modules to acc\n+0001d330: 6573 730a 2020 2020 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f ess. '/boot/\n+0001d340: 6772 7562 272c 2061 6e64 206c 6f61 6473 grub', and loads\n+0001d350: 2065 7665 7279 7468 696e 6720 656c 7365 everything else\n+0001d360: 2028 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 6d65 6e75 (including menu\n+0001d370: 2068 616e 646c 696e 672c 0a20 2020 2020 handling,. \n+0001d380: 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 206c the ability to l\n+0001d390: 6f61 6420 7461 7267 6574 206f 7065 7261 oad target opera\n+0001d3a0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 616e ting systems, an\n+0001d3b0: 6420 736f 206f 6e29 2066 726f 6d20 7468 d so on) from th\n+0001d3c0: 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 e. file syst\n+0001d3d0: 656d 2061 7420 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 2e20 em at run-time. \n+0001d3e0: 2054 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6172 2064 6573 The modular des\n+0001d3f0: 6967 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 2063 ign allows the c\n+0001d400: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 2074 ore image. t\n+0001d410: 6f20 6265 206b 6570 7420 736d 616c 6c2c o be kept small,\n+0001d420: 2073 696e 6365 2074 6865 2061 7265 6173 since the areas\n+0001d430: 206f 6620 6469 736b 2077 6865 7265 2069 of disk where i\n+0001d440: 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2069 t must be. i\n+0001d450: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 7265 206f 6674 nstalled are oft\n+0001d460: 656e 2061 7320 736d 616c 6c20 6173 2033 en as small as 3\n+0001d470: 324b 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 2KB... *Note\n+0001d480: 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 BIOS installati\n+0001d490: 6f6e 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c on::, for detail\n+0001d4a0: 7320 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2063 s on where the c\n+0001d4b0: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e0a 2020 ore image can. \n+0001d4c0: 2020 2062 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 be installed \n+0001d4d0: 6f6e 2050 4320 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a on PC systems...\n+0001d4e0: 272a 2e6d 6f64 270a 2020 2020 2045 7665 '*.mod'. Eve\n+0001d4f0: 7279 7468 696e 6720 656c 7365 2069 6e20 rything else in \n+0001d500: 4752 5542 2072 6573 6964 6573 2069 6e20 GRUB resides in \n+0001d510: 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 dynamically load\n+0001d520: 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 2020 able modules.. \n+0001d530: 2020 2054 6865 7365 2061 7265 206f 6674 These are oft\n+0001d540: 656e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6175 746f 6d61 en loaded automa\n+0001d550: 7469 6361 6c6c 792c 206f 7220 6275 696c tically, or buil\n+0001d560: 7420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 t into the core \n+0001d570: 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 2069 6620 7468 image. if th\n+0001d580: 6579 2061 7265 2065 7373 656e 7469 616c ey are essential\n+0001d590: 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 616c 736f 2062 , but may also b\n+0001d5a0: 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 206d 616e 7561 6c6c e loaded manuall\n+0001d5b0: 7920 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 y using the. \n+0001d5c0: 2027 696e 736d 6f64 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 'insmod' comman\n+0001d5d0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a d (*note insmod:\n+0001d5e0: 3a29 2e0a 0a46 6f72 2047 5255 4220 4c65 :)...For GRUB Le\n+0001d5f0: 6761 6379 2075 7365 7273 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d gacy users.=====\n+0001d600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0001d610: 0a0a 4752 5542 2032 2068 6173 2061 2064 ..GRUB 2 has a d\n+0001d620: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2064 6573 6967 6e20 ifferent design \n+0001d630: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 from GRUB Legacy\n+0001d640: 2c20 616e 6420 736f 2063 6f72 7265 7370 , and so corresp\n+0001d650: 6f6e 6465 6e63 6573 0a77 6974 6820 7468 ondences.with th\n+0001d660: 6520 696d 6167 6573 2069 7420 7573 6564 e images it used\n+0001d670: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 2065 7861 6374 cannot be exact\n+0001d680: 2e20 204e 6576 6572 7468 656c 6573 732c . Nevertheless,\n+0001d690: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 0a75 7365 GRUB Legacy.use\n+0001d6a0: 7273 206f 6674 656e 2061 736b 2071 7565 rs often ask que\n+0001d6b0: 7374 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7465 stions in the te\n+0001d6c0: 726d 7320 7468 6579 2061 7265 2066 616d rms they are fam\n+0001d6d0: 696c 6961 7220 7769 7468 2c20 616e 6420 iliar with, and \n+0001d6e0: 736f 0a68 6572 6520 6973 2061 2062 7269 so.here is a bri\n+0001d6f0: 6566 2067 7569 6465 2074 6f20 686f 7720 ef guide to how \n+0001d700: 4752 5542 2032 2773 2069 6d61 6765 7320 GRUB 2's images \n+0001d710: 7265 6c61 7465 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2e0a relate to that..\n+0001d720: 0a27 7374 6167 6531 270a 2020 2020 2053 .'stage1'. S\n+0001d730: 7461 6765 2031 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 tage 1 from GRUB\n+0001d740: 204c 6567 6163 7920 7761 7320 7665 7279 Legacy was very\n+0001d750: 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 2762 6f6f similar to 'boo\n+0001d760: 742e 696d 6727 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 t.img' in GRUB 2\n+0001d770: 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 7920 ,. and they \n+0001d780: 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2066 serve the same f\n+0001d790: 756e 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a 272a 5f73 7461 unction...'*_sta\n+0001d7a0: 6765 315f 3527 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 ge1_5'. In G\n+0001d7b0: 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 5374 6167 RUB Legacy, Stag\n+0001d7c0: 6520 312e 3527 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e e 1.5's function\n+0001d7d0: 2077 6173 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 was to include \n+0001d7e0: 656e 6f75 6768 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 enough. file\n+0001d7f0: 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f64 6520 746f 2061 system code to a\n+0001d800: 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 206d 7563 6820 6c61 llow the much la\n+0001d810: 7267 6572 2053 7461 6765 2032 2074 6f20 rger Stage 2 to \n+0001d820: 6265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e0a be read from an.\n+0001d830: 2020 2020 206f 7264 696e 6172 7920 6669 ordinary fi\n+0001d840: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 lesystem. In th\n+0001d850: 6973 2072 6573 7065 6374 2c20 6974 7320 is respect, its \n+0001d860: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 2073 696d function was sim\n+0001d870: 696c 6172 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 636f ilar to. 'co\n+0001d880: 7265 2e69 6d67 2720 696e 2047 5255 4220 re.img' in GRUB \n+0001d890: 322e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2027 636f 2. However, 'co\n+0001d8a0: 7265 2e69 6d67 2720 6973 206d 7563 6820 re.img' is much \n+0001d8b0: 6d6f 7265 2063 6170 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 more capable. \n+0001d8c0: 2020 7468 616e 2053 7461 6765 2031 2e35 than Stage 1.5\n+0001d8d0: 2077 6173 3b20 7369 6e63 6520 6974 206f was; since it o\n+0001d8e0: 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 ffers a rescue s\n+0001d8f0: 6865 6c6c 2c20 6974 2069 7320 736f 6d65 hell, it is some\n+0001d900: 7469 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 7369 times. possi\n+0001d910: 626c 6520 746f 2072 6563 6f76 6572 206d ble to recover m\n+0001d920: 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 696e 2074 6865 2065 anually in the e\n+0001d930: 7665 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 vent that it is \n+0001d940: 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 unable to load. \n+0001d950: 2020 2020 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6d6f any other mo\n+0001d960: 6475 6c65 732c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 dules, for examp\n+0001d970: 6c65 2069 6620 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 le if partition \n+0001d980: 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6861 7665 2063 6861 numbers have cha\n+0001d990: 6e67 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 636f 7265 nged.. 'core\n+0001d9a0: 2e69 6d67 2720 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2069 .img' is built i\n+0001d9b0: 6e20 6120 6d6f 7265 2066 6c65 7869 626c n a more flexibl\n+0001d9c0: 6520 7761 792c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 e way, allowing \n+0001d9d0: 4752 5542 2032 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 GRUB 2 to. s\n+0001d9e0: 7570 706f 7274 2072 6561 6469 6e67 206d upport reading m\n+0001d9f0: 6f64 756c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6164 7661 odules from adva\n+0001da00: 6e63 6564 2064 6973 6b20 7479 7065 7320 nced disk types \n+0001da10: 7375 6368 2061 7320 4c56 4d20 616e 640a such as LVM and.\n+0001da20: 2020 2020 2052 4149 442e 0a0a 2020 2020 RAID... \n+0001da30: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2063 6f75 GRUB Legacy cou\n+0001da40: 6c64 2072 756e 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 6c79 ld run with only\n+0001da50: 2053 7461 6765 2031 2061 6e64 2053 7461 Stage 1 and Sta\n+0001da60: 6765 2032 2069 6e20 736f 6d65 206c 696d ge 2 in some lim\n+0001da70: 6974 6564 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 ited. config\n+0001da80: 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 7768 696c 6520 urations, while \n+0001da90: 4752 5542 2032 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 GRUB 2 requires \n+0001daa0: 2763 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2061 6e64 2063 'core.img' and c\n+0001dab0: 616e 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 annot work. \n+0001dac0: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6974 2e0a 0a27 7374 without it...'st\n+0001dad0: 6167 6532 270a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 age2'. GRUB \n+0001dae0: 3220 6861 7320 6e6f 2073 696e 676c 6520 2 has no single \n+0001daf0: 5374 6167 6520 3220 696d 6167 652e 2020 Stage 2 image. \n+0001db00: 496e 7374 6561 642c 2069 7420 6c6f 6164 Instead, it load\n+0001db10: 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 0a20 s modules from. \n+0001db20: 2020 2020 272f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 6227 '/boot/grub'\n+0001db30: 2061 7420 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 2e0a 0a27 at run-time...'\n+0001db40: 7374 6167 6532 5f65 6c74 6f72 6974 6f27 stage2_eltorito'\n+0001db50: 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 5255 4220 322c . In GRUB 2,\n+0001db60: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 626f 6f74 images for boot\n+0001db70: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2043 442d 524f 4d20 ing from CD-ROM \n+0001db80: 6472 6976 6573 2061 7265 206e 6f77 0a20 drives are now. \n+0001db90: 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 6420 constructed \n+0001dba0: 7573 696e 6720 2763 6462 6f6f 742e 696d using 'cdboot.im\n+0001dbb0: 6727 2061 6e64 2027 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 g' and 'core.img\n+0001dbc0: 272c 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 7265 2074 ', making sure t\n+0001dbd0: 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 hat the. cor\n+0001dbe0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 e image contains\n+0001dbf0: 2074 6865 2027 6973 6f39 3636 3027 206d the 'iso9660' m\n+0001dc00: 6f64 756c 652e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7573 odule. It is us\n+0001dc10: 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 7374 2074 6f0a 2020 ually best to. \n+0001dc20: 2020 2075 7365 2074 6865 2027 6772 7562 use the 'grub\n+0001dc30: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6527 2070 726f 6772 -mkrescue' progr\n+0001dc40: 616d 2066 6f72 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 276e am for this...'n\n+0001dc50: 6267 7275 6227 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6572 bgrub'. Ther\n+0001dc60: 6520 6973 2061 7320 7965 7420 6e6f 2065 e is as yet no e\n+0001dc70: 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 666f 7220 276e quivalent for 'n\n+0001dc80: 6267 7275 6227 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 bgrub' in GRUB 2\n+0001dc90: 3b20 6974 2077 6173 2075 7365 640a 2020 ; it was used. \n+0001dca0: 2020 2062 7920 4574 6865 7262 6f6f 7420 by Etherboot \n+0001dcb0: 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 206e and some other n\n+0001dcc0: 6574 776f 726b 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 etwork boot load\n+0001dcd0: 6572 732e 0a0a 2770 7865 6772 7562 270a ers...'pxegrub'.\n+0001dce0: 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 In GRUB 2, \n+0001dcf0: 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2050 5845 206e images for PXE n\n+0001dd00: 6574 776f 726b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 etwork booting a\n+0001dd10: 7265 206e 6f77 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 re now construct\n+0001dd20: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 2770 ed using. 'p\n+0001dd30: 7865 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 2720 616e 6420 xeboot.img' and \n+0001dd40: 2763 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2c20 6d61 6b69 'core.img', maki\n+0001dd50: 6e67 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 ng sure that the\n+0001dd60: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 core image. \n+0001dd70: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 2770 contains the 'p\n+0001dd80: 7865 2720 616e 6420 2770 7865 636d 6427 xe' and 'pxecmd'\n+0001dd90: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 modules. *Note\n+0001dda0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n+0001ddb0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0001ddc0: 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 Node: Core imag\n+0001ddd0: 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f e size limitatio\n+0001dde0: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 n, Next: Filesy\n+0001ddf0: 7374 656d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6d61 stem, Prev: Ima\n+0001de00: 6765 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 ges, Up: Top..1\n+0001de10: 3220 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 2 Core image siz\n+0001de20: 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2a2a e limitation.***\n 0001de30: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001de40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4865 6176 696c ********..Heavil\n-0001de50: 7920 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 706c 6174 666f y limited platfo\n-0001de60: 726d 733a 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 3836 2d70 rms:. * i386-p\n-0001de70: 6320 286e 6f72 6d61 6c20 616e 6420 5058 c (normal and PX\n-0001de80: 4529 3a20 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 E): the core ima\n-0001de90: 6765 2073 697a 6520 2863 6f6d 7072 6573 ge size (compres\n-0001dea0: 7365 6429 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d sed) is. lim\n-0001deb0: 6974 6564 2062 7920 3435 3832 3430 2062 ited by 458240 b\n-0001dec0: 7974 6573 2e20 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d ytes. kernel.im\n-0001ded0: 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 g (.text + .data\n-0001dee0: 202b 202e 6273 732c 0a20 2020 2020 756e + .bss,. un\n-0001def0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 206c compressed) is l\n-0001df00: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3339 3237 3034 imited by 392704\n-0001df10: 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206d 6f64 756c 6520 bytes. module \n-0001df20: 7369 7a65 0a20 2020 2020 2875 6e63 6f6d size. (uncom\n-0001df30: 7072 6573 7365 6429 202b 206b 6572 6e65 pressed) + kerne\n-0001df40: 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e l.img (.text + .\n-0001df50: 6461 7461 2c20 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 data, uncompress\n-0001df60: 6564 2920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 ed) is. limi\n-0001df70: 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 697a 6520 ted by the size \n-0001df80: 6f66 2063 6f6e 7469 6775 6f75 7320 6368 of contiguous ch\n-0001df90: 756e 6b20 6174 2031 4d20 6164 6472 6573 unk at 1M addres\n-0001dfa0: 732e 0a20 2020 2a20 7370 6172 6336 342d s.. * sparc64-\n-0001dfb0: 6965 6565 3132 3735 3a20 6b65 726e 656c ieee1275: kernel\n-0001dfc0: 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 .img (.text + .d\n-0001dfd0: 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 2b20 6d6f ata + .bss) + mo\n-0001dfe0: 6475 6c65 7320 2b0a 2020 2020 2032 3536 dules +. 256\n-0001dff0: 4b20 2873 7461 636b 2920 2b20 324d 2028 K (stack) + 2M (\n-0001e000: 6865 6170 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 heap) is limited\n-0001e010: 2062 7920 7370 6163 6520 6176 6169 6c61 by space availa\n-0001e020: 626c 6520 6174 2030 7834 3430 302e 0a20 ble at 0x4400.. \n-0001e030: 2020 2020 4f6e 206d 6f73 7420 706c 6174 On most plat\n-0001e040: 666f 726d 7320 6974 2773 206a 7573 7420 forms it's just \n-0001e050: 3320 6f72 2034 4d20 7369 6e63 6520 6965 3 or 4M since ie\n-0001e060: 6565 3132 3735 206d 6170 7320 6f6e 6c79 ee1275 maps only\n-0001e070: 2073 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 7563 682e 0a20 so. much.. \n-0001e080: 2020 2a20 6933 3836 2d69 6565 6531 3237 * i386-ieee127\n-0001e090: 353a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 5: kernel.img (.\n-0001e0a0: 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e text + .data + .\n-0001e0b0: 6273 7329 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 bss) + modules i\n-0001e0c0: 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 s. limited b\n-0001e0d0: 7920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2061 7661 696c 6162 y memory availab\n-0001e0e0: 6c65 2061 7420 3078 3130 3030 302c 2061 le at 0x10000, a\n-0001e0f0: 7420 6d6f 7374 2035 3936 4b0a 0a20 2020 t most 596K.. \n-0001e100: 4c69 6768 746c 7920 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 Lightly limited \n-0001e110: 706c 6174 666f 726d 733a 0a0a 2020 202a platforms:.. *\n-0001e120: 202a 2d78 656e 3a20 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 *-xen: limited \n-0001e130: 6f6e 6c79 2062 7920 6164 7265 7373 2073 only by adress s\n-0001e140: 7061 6365 2061 6e64 2052 414d 2073 697a pace and RAM siz\n-0001e150: 652e 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 3836 2d71 656d e.. * i386-qem\n-0001e160: 753a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e u: kernel.img (.\n-0001e170: 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e text + .data + .\n-0001e180: 6273 7329 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 bss) is limited \n-0001e190: 6279 2033 3932 3730 340a 2020 2020 2062 by 392704. b\n-0001e1a0: 7974 6573 2e20 2028 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 ytes. (core.img\n-0001e1b0: 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 would be limite\n-0001e1c0: 6420 6279 2052 4f4d 2073 697a 6520 6275 d by ROM size bu\n-0001e1d0: 7420 6974 2773 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 6564 t it's unlimited\n-0001e1e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 2071 656d 750a 2020 . on qemu. \n-0001e1f0: 202a 2041 6c6c 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 * All EFI platf\n-0001e200: 6f72 6d73 3a20 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 orms: limited by\n-0001e210: 2063 6f6e 7469 6775 6f75 7320 5241 4d20 contiguous RAM \n-0001e220: 7369 7a65 2061 6e64 2070 6f73 7369 626c size and possibl\n-0001e230: 790a 2020 2020 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 y. firmware \n-0001e240: 6275 6773 0a20 2020 2a20 436f 7265 626f bugs. * Corebo\n-0001e250: 6f74 2061 6e64 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 ot and multiboot\n-0001e260: 2e20 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e . kernel.img (.\n-0001e270: 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e text + .data + .\n-0001e280: 6273 7329 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d bss) is. lim\n-0001e290: 6974 6564 2062 7920 3339 3237 3034 2062 ited by 392704 b\n-0001e2a0: 7974 6573 2e20 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7369 ytes. module si\n-0001e2b0: 7a65 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 ze is limited by\n-0001e2c0: 2074 6865 2073 697a 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 the size of. \n-0001e2d0: 2020 636f 6e74 6967 756f 7573 2063 6875 contiguous chu\n-0001e2e0: 6e6b 2061 7420 314d 2061 6464 7265 7373 nk at 1M address\n-0001e2f0: 2e0a 2020 202a 206d 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f .. * mipsel-lo\n-0001e300: 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2028 454c 4629 2c20 6d69 ongson (ELF), mi\n-0001e310: 7073 2865 6c29 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 ps(el)-qemu_mips\n-0001e320: 2028 454c 4629 3a20 6966 2075 6e63 6f6d (ELF): if uncom\n-0001e330: 7072 6573 7365 643a 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 pressed:. ke\n-0001e340: 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 rnel.img (.text \n-0001e350: 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 202b 206d 6f64 756c + .data) + modul\n-0001e360: 6573 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 es is limited by\n-0001e370: 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d0a the space from.\n-0001e380: 2020 2020 2038 3032 3030 3030 3020 666f 80200000 fo\n-0001e390: 7277 6172 6420 6966 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 rward if compres\n-0001e3a0: 7365 643a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 sed: kernel.img \n-0001e3b0: 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 2c0a (.text + .data,.\n-0001e3c0: 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 uncompresse\n-0001e3d0: 6429 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2028 756e d) + modules (un\n-0001e3e0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 286d compressed) + (m\n-0001e3f0: 6f64 756c 6573 202b 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e odules + kernel.\n-0001e400: 696d 670a 2020 2020 2028 2e74 6578 7420 img. (.text \n-0001e410: 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 2920 2863 6f6d 7072 + .data)) (compr\n-0001e420: 6573 7365 6429 202b 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 essed) + decompr\n-0001e430: 6573 736f 7220 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 essor is limited\n-0001e440: 2062 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 7061 by the. spa\n-0001e450: 6365 2066 726f 6d20 3830 3230 3030 3030 ce from 80200000\n-0001e460: 2066 6f72 7761 7264 0a20 2020 2a20 6d69 forward. * mi\n-0001e470: 7073 656c 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 2846 psel-loongson (F\n-0001e480: 6c61 7368 292c 206d 6970 7328 656c 292d lash), mips(el)-\n-0001e490: 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 7320 2846 6c61 7368 qemu_mips (Flash\n-0001e4a0: 293a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 670a 2020 ): kernel.img. \n-0001e4b0: 2020 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 (.text + .dat\n-0001e4c0: 6129 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 7320 a) + modules is \n-0001e4d0: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 limited by the s\n-0001e4e0: 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 3830 3230 3030 pace from 802000\n-0001e4f0: 3030 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7277 6172 6420 00. forward \n-0001e500: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2028 6669 6e61 6c29 core.img (final)\n-0001e510: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2066 is limited by f\n-0001e520: 6c61 7368 2073 697a 6520 2835 3132 4b20 lash size (512K \n-0001e530: 6f6e 2079 6565 6c6f 6f6e 670a 2020 2020 on yeeloong. \n-0001e540: 2061 6e64 2066 756c 6f6f 6f6e 6729 0a20 and fulooong). \n-0001e550: 2020 2a20 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 3a20 6966 * mips-arc: if\n-0001e560: 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 643a 206b uncompressed: k\n-0001e570: 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 ernel.img (.text\n-0001e580: 202b 202e 6461 7461 2920 6973 206c 696d + .data) is lim\n-0001e590: 6974 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 ited by. the\n-0001e5a0: 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 3862 6430 space from 8bd0\n-0001e5b0: 3030 3030 2066 6f72 7761 7264 206d 6f64 0000 forward mod\n-0001e5c0: 756c 6573 202b 2064 756d 6d79 2064 6563 ules + dummy dec\n-0001e5d0: 6f6d 7072 6573 736f 7220 6973 0a20 2020 ompressor is. \n-0001e5e0: 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 limited by the\n-0001e5f0: 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 3862 6430 space from 8bd0\n-0001e600: 3030 3030 2062 6163 6b77 6172 6420 6966 0000 backward if\n-0001e610: 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 643a 0a20 2020 compressed:. \n-0001e620: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 kernel.img (.t\n-0001e630: 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 612c 2075 6e63 ext + .data, unc\n-0001e640: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 7320 6c69 ompressed) is li\n-0001e650: 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 7061 mited by the spa\n-0001e660: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6f6d 2038 6264 ce. from 8bd\n-0001e670: 3030 3030 3020 666f 7277 6172 6420 6d6f 00000 forward mo\n-0001e680: 6475 6c65 7320 2875 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 dules (uncompres\n-0001e690: 7365 6429 202b 2028 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 sed) + (modules \n-0001e6a0: 2b0a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d +. kernel.im\n-0001e6b0: 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 g (.text + .data\n-0001e6c0: 2929 2028 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2c20 )) (compressed, \n-0001e6d0: 616c 6967 6e65 6420 746f 2031 4d29 202b aligned to 1M) +\n-0001e6e0: 2031 4d0a 2020 2020 2028 6465 636f 6d70 1M. (decomp\n-0001e6f0: 7265 7373 6f72 202b 2073 6372 6174 6368 ressor + scratch\n-0001e700: 2073 7061 6365 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 space) is limit\n-0001e710: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 ed by the space \n-0001e720: 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 3862 6430 3030 from. 8bd000\n-0001e730: 3030 2062 6163 6b77 6172 640a 2020 202a 00 backward. *\n-0001e740: 2070 6f77 6572 7063 2d69 6565 6531 3237 powerpc-ieee127\n-0001e750: 353a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 5: kernel.img (.\n-0001e760: 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e text + .data + .\n-0001e770: 6273 7329 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 bss) + modules i\n-0001e780: 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 s. limited b\n-0001e790: 7920 7370 6163 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c y space availabl\n-0001e7a0: 6520 6174 2030 7832 3030 3030 300a 0a1f e at 0x200000...\n-0001e7b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0001e7c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 696c 6573 7973 , Node: Filesys\n-0001e7d0: 7465 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 7465 tem, Next: Inte\n-0001e7e0: 7266 6163 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f rface, Prev: Co\n-0001e7f0: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 re image size li\n-0001e800: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 mitation, Up: T\n-0001e810: 6f70 0a0a 3133 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 op..13 Filesyste\n-0001e820: 6d20 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 2073 656d m syntax and sem\n-0001e830: 616e 7469 6373 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a antics.*********\n+0001de40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4865 6176 **********..Heav\n+0001de50: 696c 7920 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 706c 6174 ily limited plat\n+0001de60: 666f 726d 733a 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 3836 forms:. * i386\n+0001de70: 2d70 6320 286e 6f72 6d61 6c20 616e 6420 -pc (normal and \n+0001de80: 5058 4529 3a20 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 PXE): the core i\n+0001de90: 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 2863 6f6d 7072 mage size (compr\n+0001dea0: 6573 7365 6429 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c essed) is. l\n+0001deb0: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3435 3832 3430 imited by 458240\n+0001dec0: 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e bytes. kernel.\n+0001ded0: 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 img (.text + .da\n+0001dee0: 7461 202b 202e 6273 732c 0a20 2020 2020 ta + .bss,. \n+0001def0: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 uncompressed) is\n+0001df00: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3339 3237 limited by 3927\n+0001df10: 3034 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206d 6f64 756c 04 bytes. modul\n+0001df20: 6520 7369 7a65 0a20 2020 2020 2875 6e63 e size. (unc\n+0001df30: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 202b 206b 6572 ompressed) + ker\n+0001df40: 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b nel.img (.text +\n+0001df50: 202e 6461 7461 2c20 756e 636f 6d70 7265 .data, uncompre\n+0001df60: 7373 6564 2920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 ssed) is. li\n+0001df70: 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 697a mited by the siz\n+0001df80: 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 7469 6775 6f75 7320 e of contiguous \n+0001df90: 6368 756e 6b20 6174 2031 4d20 6164 6472 chunk at 1M addr\n+0001dfa0: 6573 732e 0a20 2020 2a20 7370 6172 6336 ess.. * sparc6\n+0001dfb0: 342d 6965 6565 3132 3735 3a20 6b65 726e 4-ieee1275: kern\n+0001dfc0: 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 el.img (.text + \n+0001dfd0: 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 2b20 .data + .bss) + \n+0001dfe0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2b0a 2020 2020 2032 modules +. 2\n+0001dff0: 3536 4b20 2873 7461 636b 2920 2b20 324d 56K (stack) + 2M\n+0001e000: 2028 6865 6170 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 (heap) is limit\n+0001e010: 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6520 6176 6169 ed by space avai\n+0001e020: 6c61 626c 6520 6174 2030 7834 3430 302e lable at 0x4400.\n+0001e030: 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 206d 6f73 7420 706c . On most pl\n+0001e040: 6174 666f 726d 7320 6974 2773 206a 7573 atforms it's jus\n+0001e050: 7420 3320 6f72 2034 4d20 7369 6e63 6520 t 3 or 4M since \n+0001e060: 6965 6565 3132 3735 206d 6170 7320 6f6e ieee1275 maps on\n+0001e070: 6c79 2073 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 7563 682e ly so. much.\n+0001e080: 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 3836 2d69 6565 6531 . * i386-ieee1\n+0001e090: 3237 353a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 275: kernel.img \n+0001e0a0: 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b (.text + .data +\n+0001e0b0: 202e 6273 7329 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 .bss) + modules\n+0001e0c0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 is. limited\n+0001e0d0: 2062 7920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2061 7661 696c by memory avail\n+0001e0e0: 6162 6c65 2061 7420 3078 3130 3030 302c able at 0x10000,\n+0001e0f0: 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 2035 3936 4b0a 0a20 at most 596K.. \n+0001e100: 2020 4c69 6768 746c 7920 6c69 6d69 7465 Lightly limite\n+0001e110: 6420 706c 6174 666f 726d 733a 0a0a 2020 d platforms:.. \n+0001e120: 202a 202a 2d78 656e 3a20 6c69 6d69 7465 * *-xen: limite\n+0001e130: 6420 6f6e 6c79 2062 7920 6164 7265 7373 d only by adress\n+0001e140: 2073 7061 6365 2061 6e64 2052 414d 2073 space and RAM s\n+0001e150: 697a 652e 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 3836 2d71 ize.. * i386-q\n+0001e160: 656d 753a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 emu: kernel.img \n+0001e170: 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b (.text + .data +\n+0001e180: 202e 6273 7329 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 .bss) is limite\n+0001e190: 6420 6279 2033 3932 3730 340a 2020 2020 d by 392704. \n+0001e1a0: 2062 7974 6573 2e20 2028 636f 7265 2e69 bytes. (core.i\n+0001e1b0: 6d67 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6c69 6d69 mg would be limi\n+0001e1c0: 7465 6420 6279 2052 4f4d 2073 697a 6520 ted by ROM size \n+0001e1d0: 6275 7420 6974 2773 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 but it's unlimit\n+0001e1e0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 2071 656d 750a ed. on qemu.\n+0001e1f0: 2020 202a 2041 6c6c 2045 4649 2070 6c61 * All EFI pla\n+0001e200: 7466 6f72 6d73 3a20 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 tforms: limited \n+0001e210: 6279 2063 6f6e 7469 6775 6f75 7320 5241 by contiguous RA\n+0001e220: 4d20 7369 7a65 2061 6e64 2070 6f73 7369 M size and possi\n+0001e230: 626c 790a 2020 2020 2066 6972 6d77 6172 bly. firmwar\n+0001e240: 6520 6275 6773 0a20 2020 2a20 436f 7265 e bugs. * Core\n+0001e250: 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 206d 756c 7469 626f boot and multibo\n+0001e260: 6f74 2e20 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 ot. kernel.img \n+0001e270: 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b (.text + .data +\n+0001e280: 202e 6273 7329 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c .bss) is. l\n+0001e290: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3339 3237 3034 imited by 392704\n+0001e2a0: 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206d 6f64 756c 6520 bytes. module \n+0001e2b0: 7369 7a65 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 size is limited \n+0001e2c0: 6279 2074 6865 2073 697a 6520 6f66 0a20 by the size of. \n+0001e2d0: 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6967 756f 7573 2063 contiguous c\n+0001e2e0: 6875 6e6b 2061 7420 314d 2061 6464 7265 hunk at 1M addre\n+0001e2f0: 7373 2e0a 2020 202a 206d 6970 7365 6c2d ss.. * mipsel-\n+0001e300: 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2028 454c 4629 2c20 loongson (ELF), \n+0001e310: 6d69 7073 2865 6c29 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 mips(el)-qemu_mi\n+0001e320: 7073 2028 454c 4629 3a20 6966 2075 6e63 ps (ELF): if unc\n+0001e330: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 643a 0a20 2020 2020 ompressed:. \n+0001e340: 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 kernel.img (.tex\n+0001e350: 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 202b 206d 6f64 t + .data) + mod\n+0001e360: 756c 6573 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 ules is limited \n+0001e370: 6279 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f by the space fro\n+0001e380: 6d0a 2020 2020 2038 3032 3030 3030 3020 m. 80200000 \n+0001e390: 666f 7277 6172 6420 6966 2063 6f6d 7072 forward if compr\n+0001e3a0: 6573 7365 643a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d essed: kernel.im\n+0001e3b0: 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 g (.text + .data\n+0001e3c0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 ,. uncompres\n+0001e3d0: 7365 6429 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2028 sed) + modules (\n+0001e3e0: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 uncompressed) + \n+0001e3f0: 286d 6f64 756c 6573 202b 206b 6572 6e65 (modules + kerne\n+0001e400: 6c2e 696d 670a 2020 2020 2028 2e74 6578 l.img. (.tex\n+0001e410: 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 2920 2863 6f6d t + .data)) (com\n+0001e420: 7072 6573 7365 6429 202b 2064 6563 6f6d pressed) + decom\n+0001e430: 7072 6573 736f 7220 6973 206c 696d 6974 pressor is limit\n+0001e440: 6564 2062 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 ed by the. s\n+0001e450: 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 3830 3230 3030 pace from 802000\n+0001e460: 3030 2066 6f72 7761 7264 0a20 2020 2a20 00 forward. * \n+0001e470: 6d69 7073 656c 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 mipsel-loongson \n+0001e480: 2846 6c61 7368 292c 206d 6970 7328 656c (Flash), mips(el\n+0001e490: 292d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 7320 2846 6c61 )-qemu_mips (Fla\n+0001e4a0: 7368 293a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 670a sh): kernel.img.\n+0001e4b0: 2020 2020 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 (.text + .d\n+0001e4c0: 6174 6129 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 ata) + modules i\n+0001e4d0: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 s limited by the\n+0001e4e0: 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 3830 3230 space from 8020\n+0001e4f0: 3030 3030 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7277 6172 0000. forwar\n+0001e500: 6420 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2028 6669 6e61 d core.img (fina\n+0001e510: 6c29 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 l) is limited by\n+0001e520: 2066 6c61 7368 2073 697a 6520 2835 3132 flash size (512\n+0001e530: 4b20 6f6e 2079 6565 6c6f 6f6e 670a 2020 K on yeeloong. \n+0001e540: 2020 2061 6e64 2066 756c 6f6f 6f6e 6729 and fulooong)\n+0001e550: 0a20 2020 2a20 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 3a20 . * mips-arc: \n+0001e560: 6966 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 643a if uncompressed:\n+0001e570: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 kernel.img (.te\n+0001e580: 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 2920 6973 206c xt + .data) is l\n+0001e590: 696d 6974 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2074 imited by. t\n+0001e5a0: 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 3862 he space from 8b\n+0001e5b0: 6430 3030 3030 2066 6f72 7761 7264 206d d00000 forward m\n+0001e5c0: 6f64 756c 6573 202b 2064 756d 6d79 2064 odules + dummy d\n+0001e5d0: 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 736f 7220 6973 0a20 ecompressor is. \n+0001e5e0: 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 limited by t\n+0001e5f0: 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 3862 he space from 8b\n+0001e600: 6430 3030 3030 2062 6163 6b77 6172 6420 d00000 backward \n+0001e610: 6966 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 643a 0a20 if compressed:. \n+0001e620: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 kernel.img (\n+0001e630: 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 612c 2075 .text + .data, u\n+0001e640: 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 7320 ncompressed) is \n+0001e650: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 limited by the s\n+0001e660: 7061 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6f6d 2038 pace. from 8\n+0001e670: 6264 3030 3030 3020 666f 7277 6172 6420 bd00000 forward \n+0001e680: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2875 6e63 6f6d 7072 modules (uncompr\n+0001e690: 6573 7365 6429 202b 2028 6d6f 6475 6c65 essed) + (module\n+0001e6a0: 7320 2b0a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e s +. kernel.\n+0001e6b0: 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 img (.text + .da\n+0001e6c0: 7461 2929 2028 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 ta)) (compressed\n+0001e6d0: 2c20 616c 6967 6e65 6420 746f 2031 4d29 , aligned to 1M)\n+0001e6e0: 202b 2031 4d0a 2020 2020 2028 6465 636f + 1M. (deco\n+0001e6f0: 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 202b 2073 6372 6174 mpressor + scrat\n+0001e700: 6368 2073 7061 6365 2920 6973 206c 696d ch space) is lim\n+0001e710: 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 ited by the spac\n+0001e720: 6520 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 3862 6430 e from. 8bd0\n+0001e730: 3030 3030 2062 6163 6b77 6172 640a 2020 0000 backward. \n+0001e740: 202a 2070 6f77 6572 7063 2d69 6565 6531 * powerpc-ieee1\n+0001e750: 3237 353a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 275: kernel.img \n+0001e760: 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b (.text + .data +\n+0001e770: 202e 6273 7329 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 .bss) + modules\n+0001e780: 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 is. limited\n+0001e790: 2062 7920 7370 6163 6520 6176 6169 6c61 by space availa\n+0001e7a0: 626c 6520 6174 2030 7832 3030 3030 300a ble at 0x200000.\n+0001e7b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0001e7c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 696c 6573 fo, Node: Files\n+0001e7d0: 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e ystem, Next: In\n+0001e7e0: 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 terface, Prev: \n+0001e7f0: 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 Core image size \n+0001e800: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a limitation, Up:\n+0001e810: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3133 2046 696c 6573 7973 Top..13 Filesys\n+0001e820: 7465 6d20 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 2073 tem syntax and s\n+0001e830: 656d 616e 7469 6373 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a emantics.*******\n 0001e840: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001e850: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 *********..GRUB \n-0001e860: 7573 6573 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2073 uses a special s\n-0001e870: 796e 7461 7820 666f 7220 7370 6563 6966 yntax for specif\n-0001e880: 7969 6e67 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6573 ying disk drives\n-0001e890: 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 650a 6163 which can be.ac\n-0001e8a0: 6365 7373 6564 2062 7920 4249 4f53 2e20 cessed by BIOS. \n-0001e8b0: 4265 6361 7573 6520 6f66 2042 494f 5320 Because of BIOS \n-0001e8c0: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2047 5255 limitations, GRU\n-0001e8d0: 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2064 6973 7469 6e67 B cannot disting\n-0001e8e0: 7569 7368 0a62 6574 7765 656e 2049 4445 uish.between IDE\n-0001e8f0: 2c20 4553 4449 2c20 5343 5349 2c20 6f72 , ESDI, SCSI, or\n-0001e900: 206f 7468 6572 732e 2020 596f 7520 6d75 others. You mu\n-0001e910: 7374 206b 6e6f 7720 796f 7572 7365 6c66 st know yourself\n-0001e920: 2077 6869 6368 2042 494f 530a 6465 7669 which BIOS.devi\n-0001e930: 6365 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 ce is equivalent\n-0001e940: 2074 6f20 7768 6963 6820 4f53 2064 6576 to which OS dev\n-0001e950: 6963 652e 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 ice. Normally, \n-0001e960: 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6c65 that will be cle\n-0001e970: 6172 0a69 6620 796f 7520 7365 6520 7468 ar.if you see th\n-0001e980: 6520 6669 6c65 7320 696e 2061 2064 6576 e files in a dev\n-0001e990: 6963 6520 6f72 2075 7365 2074 6865 2063 ice or use the c\n-0001e9a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 7365 6172 6368 2720 ommand 'search' \n-0001e9b0: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 (*note.search::)\n-0001e9c0: 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4465 ...* Menu:..* De\n-0001e9d0: 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a20 2020 vice syntax:: \n-0001e9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 How \n-0001e9f0: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2064 6576 6963 to specify devic\n-0001ea00: 6573 0a2a 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 es.* File name s\n-0001ea10: 796e 7461 783a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 yntax:: \n-0001ea20: 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 How to specif\n-0001ea30: 7920 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 426c 6f63 6b20 y files.* Block \n-0001ea40: 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a20 2020 list syntax:: \n-0001ea50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2073 How to s\n-0001ea60: 7065 6369 6679 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 pecify block lis\n-0001ea70: 7473 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ts....File: grub\n-0001ea80: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 .info, Node: De\n-0001ea90: 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 4e65 vice syntax, Ne\n-0001eaa0: 7874 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 xt: File name sy\n-0001eab0: 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 ntax, Up: Files\n-0001eac0: 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3120 486f 7720 ystem..13.1 How \n-0001ead0: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2064 6576 6963 to specify devic\n-0001eae0: 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d es.=============\n-0001eaf0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-0001eb00: 5468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 The device synta\n-0001eb10: 7820 6973 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a x is like this:.\n-0001eb20: 0a20 2020 2020 2844 4556 4943 455b 2c50 . (DEVICE[,P\n-0001eb30: 4152 544d 4150 2d4e 414d 4531 5041 5254 ARTMAP-NAME1PART\n-0001eb40: 2d4e 554d 315b 2c50 4152 544d 4150 2d4e -NUM1[,PARTMAP-N\n-0001eb50: 414d 4532 5041 5254 2d4e 554d 325b 2c2e AME2PART-NUM2[,.\n-0001eb60: 2e2e 5d5d 5d29 0a0a 2020 2027 5b5d 2720 ..]]]).. '[]' \n-0001eb70: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 means the parame\n-0001eb80: 7465 7220 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c2e ter is optional.\n-0001eb90: 2020 4445 5649 4345 2064 6570 656e 6473 DEVICE depends\n-0001eba0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6469 736b 0a64 7269 on the disk.dri\n-0001ebb0: 7665 7220 696e 2075 7365 2e20 2042 494f ver in use. BIO\n-0001ebc0: 5320 616e 6420 4546 4920 6469 736b 7320 S and EFI disks \n-0001ebd0: 7573 6520 6569 7468 6572 2027 6664 2720 use either 'fd' \n-0001ebe0: 6f72 2027 6864 2720 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 or 'hd' followed\n-0001ebf0: 2062 7920 610a 6469 6769 742c 206c 696b by a.digit, lik\n-0001ec00: 6520 2766 6430 272c 206f 7220 2763 6427 e 'fd0', or 'cd'\n-0001ec10: 2e20 2041 4843 492c 2050 4154 4120 2861 . AHCI, PATA (a\n-0001ec20: 7461 292c 2063 7279 7074 6f2c 2055 5342 ta), crypto, USB\n-0001ec30: 2075 7365 2074 6865 206e 616d 650a 6f66 use the name.of\n-0001ec40: 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 driver followed\n-0001ec50: 2062 7920 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2e20 204d by a number. M\n-0001ec60: 656d 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2068 6f73 7420 emdisk and host \n-0001ec70: 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 206f are limited to o\n-0001ec80: 6e65 0a64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 736f 2069 ne.disk and so i\n-0001ec90: 7427 7320 7265 6665 7265 6420 6a75 7374 t's refered just\n-0001eca0: 2062 7920 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 652e by driver name.\n-0001ecb0: 2020 5241 4944 2028 6d64 292c 206f 6664 RAID (md), ofd\n-0001ecc0: 6973 6b0a 2869 6565 6531 3237 3520 616e isk.(ieee1275 an\n-0001ecd0: 6420 6e61 6e64 292c 204c 564d 2028 6c76 d nand), LVM (lv\n-0001ece0: 6d29 2c20 4c44 4d2c 2076 6972 7469 6f20 m), LDM, virtio \n-0001ecf0: 2876 6473 6b29 2061 6e64 2061 7263 6469 (vdsk) and arcdi\n-0001ed00: 736b 2028 6172 6329 2075 7365 0a69 6e74 sk (arc) use.int\n-0001ed10: 7269 6e73 6963 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2064 rinsic name of d\n-0001ed20: 6973 6b20 7072 6566 6978 6564 2062 7920 isk prefixed by \n-0001ed30: 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 652e 2020 4164 driver name. Ad\n-0001ed40: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 206a 7573 740a ditionally just.\n-0001ed50: 226e 616e 6422 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f \"nand\" refers to\n-0001ed60: 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 616c 6961 7365 the disk aliase\n-0001ed70: 6420 6173 2022 6e61 6e64 222e 2020 436f d as \"nand\". Co\n-0001ed80: 6e66 6c69 6374 7320 6172 6520 736f 6c76 nflicts are solv\n-0001ed90: 6564 2062 790a 7375 6666 6978 696e 6720 ed by.suffixing \n-0001eda0: 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6620 6e65 6365 a number if nece\n-0001edb0: 7373 6172 7279 2e20 2043 6f6d 6d61 7320 ssarry. Commas \n-0001edc0: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2065 7363 6170 need to be escap\n-0001edd0: 6564 2e20 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b0a 7573 ed. Loopback.us\n-0001ede0: 6573 2077 6861 7465 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 es whatever name\n-0001edf0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6f20 276c specified to 'l\n-0001ee00: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b27 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 oopback' command\n-0001ee10: 2e20 2048 6f73 7464 6973 6b20 7573 6573 . Hostdisk uses\n-0001ee20: 206e 616d 6573 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 names.specified\n-0001ee30: 2069 6e20 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 2061 in device.map a\n-0001ee40: 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 6974 2773 206f s long as it's o\n-0001ee50: 6620 7468 6520 666f 726d 205b 6668 635d f the form [fhc]\n-0001ee60: 645b 302d 395d 2a20 6f72 0a68 6f73 7464 d[0-9]* or.hostd\n-0001ee70: 6973 6b2f 3c4f 5320 4445 5649 4345 3e2e isk/.\n-0001ee80: 2020 466f 7220 6372 7970 746f 2061 6e64 For crypto and\n-0001ee90: 2052 4149 4420 286d 6429 2061 6464 6974 RAID (md) addit\n-0001eea0: 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ionally you can \n-0001eeb0: 7573 650a 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 203c use.the syntax <\n-0001eec0: 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 653e 7575 6964 driver name>uuid\n-0001eed0: 2f3c 7575 6964 3e2e 2020 466f 7220 4c56 /. For LV\n-0001eee0: 4d20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2079 M additionally y\n-0001eef0: 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a74 6865 2073 ou can use.the s\n-0001ef00: 796e 7461 7820 6c76 6d69 642f 3c76 6f6c yntax lvmid//\n-0001ef20: 3c76 6f6c 756d 652d 7575 6964 3e2e 0a0a ...\n-0001ef30: 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a20 2020 2020 (fd0). \n-0001ef40: 2868 6430 290a 2020 2020 2028 6364 290a (hd0). (cd).\n-0001ef50: 2020 2020 2028 6168 6369 3029 0a20 2020 (ahci0). \n-0001ef60: 2020 2861 7461 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2863 (ata0). (c\n-0001ef70: 7279 7074 6f30 290a 2020 2020 2028 7573 rypto0). (us\n-0001ef80: 6230 290a 2020 2020 2028 6372 7970 746f b0). (crypto\n-0001ef90: 7575 6964 2f31 3233 3435 3637 3839 6162 uuid/123456789ab\n-0001efa0: 6364 6566 3031 3233 3435 3637 3839 6162 cdef0123456789ab\n-0001efb0: 6364 6566 3029 0a20 2020 2020 286d 6475 cdef0). (mdu\n-0001efc0: 7569 642f 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 6263 uid/123456789abc\n-0001efd0: 6465 6630 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 6263 def0123456789abc\n-0001efe0: 6465 6630 290a 2020 2020 2028 6c76 6d2f def0). (lvm/\n-0001eff0: 7379 7374 656d 2d72 6f6f 7429 0a20 2020 system-root). \n-0001f000: 2020 286c 766d 6964 2f46 3169 6b67 442d (lvmid/F1ikgD-\n-0001f010: 3252 4553 2d33 3036 472d 696c 394d 2d37 2RES-306G-il9M-7\n-0001f020: 6977 612d 344e 4b57 2d45 6256 314e 562f iwa-4NKW-EbV1NV/\n-0001f030: 654c 4775 4351 2d4c 344b 612d 5855 6752 eLGuCQ-L4Ka-XUgR\n-0001f040: 2d73 6a74 4a2d 6666 6368 2d62 616a 722d -sjtJ-ffch-bajr-\n-0001f050: 6643 4e66 7a35 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d64 fCNfz5). (md\n-0001f060: 2f6d 7972 6169 6429 0a20 2020 2020 286d /myraid). (m\n-0001f070: 642f 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2869 6565 6531 d/0). (ieee1\n-0001f080: 3237 352f 6469 736b 3229 0a20 2020 2020 275/disk2). \n-0001f090: 2869 6565 6531 3237 352f 2f70 6369 4031 (ieee1275//pci@1\n-0001f0a0: 665c 2c30 2f69 6465 4064 2f64 6973 6b40 f\\,0/ide@d/disk@\n-0001f0b0: 3229 0a20 2020 2020 286e 616e 6429 0a20 2). (nand). \n-0001f0c0: 2020 2020 286d 656d 6469 736b 290a 2020 (memdisk). \n-0001f0d0: 2020 2028 686f 7374 290a 2020 2020 2028 (host). (\n-0001f0e0: 6d79 6c6f 6f70 290a 2020 2020 2028 686f myloop). (ho\n-0001f0f0: 7374 6469 736b 2f2f 6465 762f 7364 6129 stdisk//dev/sda)\n-0001f100: 0a0a 2020 2050 4152 542d 4e55 4d20 7265 .. PART-NUM re\n-0001f110: 7072 6573 656e 7473 2074 6865 2070 6172 presents the par\n-0001f120: 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 tition number of\n-0001f130: 2044 4556 4943 452c 2073 7461 7274 696e DEVICE, startin\n-0001f140: 6720 6672 6f6d 0a6f 6e65 2e20 2050 4152 g from.one. PAR\n-0001f150: 544e 414d 4520 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e61 TNAME is optiona\n-0001f160: 6c20 6275 7420 6973 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 l but is recomme\n-0001f170: 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 2064 6973 6b20 nded since disk \n-0001f180: 6d61 7920 6861 7665 0a73 6576 6572 616c may have.several\n-0001f190: 2074 6f70 2d6c 6576 656c 2070 6172 746d top-level partm\n-0001f1a0: 6170 732e 2020 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 aps. Specifying\n-0001f1b0: 2074 6869 7264 2061 6e64 206c 6174 6572 third and later\n-0001f1c0: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2079 6f75 0a63 component you.c\n-0001f1d0: 616e 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2073 7562 an access to sub\n-0001f1e0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 partitions... \n-0001f1f0: 5468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2027 2868 6430 The syntax '(hd0\n-0001f200: 2927 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 7573 )' represents us\n-0001f210: 696e 6720 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 2064 ing the entire d\n-0001f220: 6973 6b20 286f 7220 7468 6520 4d42 5220 isk (or the MBR \n-0001f230: 7768 656e 0a69 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 when.installing \n-0001f240: 4752 5542 292c 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 GRUB), while the\n-0001f250: 2073 796e 7461 7820 2728 6864 302c 3129 syntax '(hd0,1)\n-0001f260: 2720 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2075 7369 ' represents usi\n-0001f270: 6e67 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a70 6172 ng the first.par\n-0001f280: 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6469 tition of the di\n-0001f290: 736b 2028 6f72 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 sk (or the boot \n-0001f2a0: 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 7061 sector of the pa\n-0001f2b0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7768 656e 0a69 6e73 rtition when.ins\n-0001f2c0: 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 292e 0a0a talling GRUB)...\n-0001f2d0: 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 (hd0,msdos1\n-0001f2e0: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f ). (hd0,msdo\n-0001f2f0: 7331 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 0a20 2020 2020 s1,msdos5). \n-0001f300: 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 312c 6273 6433 (hd0,msdos1,bsd3\n-0001f310: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6e65 7462 ). (hd0,netb\n-0001f320: 7364 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c67 sd1). (hd0,g\n-0001f330: 7074 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c31 pt1). (hd0,1\n-0001f340: 2c33 290a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2065 ,3).. If you e\n-0001f350: 6e61 626c 6564 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f nabled the netwo\n-0001f360: 726b 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 7468 6520 rk support, the \n-0001f370: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6472 6976 6573 0a27 special drives.'\n-0001f380: 2850 524f 544f 434f 4c5b 2c53 4552 5645 (PROTOCOL[,SERVE\n-0001f390: 525d 2927 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 6176 R])' are also av\n-0001f3a0: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 ailable. Suppor\n-0001f3b0: 7465 6420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 7320 6172 ted protocols ar\n-0001f3c0: 650a 2768 7474 7027 2061 6e64 2027 7466 e.'http' and 'tf\n-0001f3d0: 7470 272e 2020 4966 2053 4552 5645 5220 tp'. If SERVER \n-0001f3e0: 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7661 6c75 is omitted, valu\n-0001f3f0: 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 e of environment\n-0001f400: 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 276e 6574 5f64 variable.'net_d\n-0001f410: 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 7227 2069 efault_server' i\n-0001f420: 7320 7573 6564 2e20 2042 6566 6f72 6520 s used. Before \n-0001f430: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 using the networ\n-0001f440: 6b20 6472 6976 652c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 k drive, you mus\n-0001f450: 740a 696e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 2074 6865 t.initialize the\n-0001f460: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 network. *Note\n-0001f470: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 Network::, for \n-0001f480: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e more information\n-0001f490: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2062 6f6f ... If you boo\n-0001f4a0: 7420 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 t GRUB from a CD\n-0001f4b0: 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2728 6364 2927 2069 7320 -ROM, '(cd)' is \n-0001f4c0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 available. *Not\n-0001f4d0: 6520 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 0a47 5255 4220 e Making a.GRUB \n-0001f4e0: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a bootable CD-ROM:\n-0001f4f0: 3a2c 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a :, for details..\n-0001f500: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0001f510: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 696c 6520 fo, Node: File \n-0001f520: 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 4e65 name syntax, Ne\n-0001f530: 7874 3a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 xt: Block list s\n-0001f540: 796e 7461 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4465 yntax, Prev: De\n-0001f550: 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5570 vice syntax, Up\n-0001f560: 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a0a 3133 : Filesystem..13\n-0001f570: 2e32 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 .2 How to specif\n-0001f580: 7920 6669 6c65 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d y files.========\n+0001e850: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 ***********..GRU\n+0001e860: 4220 7573 6573 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c B uses a special\n+0001e870: 2073 796e 7461 7820 666f 7220 7370 6563 syntax for spec\n+0001e880: 6966 7969 6e67 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 ifying disk driv\n+0001e890: 6573 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 650a es which can be.\n+0001e8a0: 6163 6365 7373 6564 2062 7920 4249 4f53 accessed by BIOS\n+0001e8b0: 2e20 4265 6361 7573 6520 6f66 2042 494f . Because of BIO\n+0001e8c0: 5320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2047 S limitations, G\n+0001e8d0: 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2064 6973 7469 RUB cannot disti\n+0001e8e0: 6e67 7569 7368 0a62 6574 7765 656e 2049 nguish.between I\n+0001e8f0: 4445 2c20 4553 4449 2c20 5343 5349 2c20 DE, ESDI, SCSI, \n+0001e900: 6f72 206f 7468 6572 732e 2020 596f 7520 or others. You \n+0001e910: 6d75 7374 206b 6e6f 7720 796f 7572 7365 must know yourse\n+0001e920: 6c66 2077 6869 6368 2042 494f 530a 6465 lf which BIOS.de\n+0001e930: 7669 6365 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 vice is equivale\n+0001e940: 6e74 2074 6f20 7768 6963 6820 4f53 2064 nt to which OS d\n+0001e950: 6576 6963 652e 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 evice. Normally\n+0001e960: 2c20 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 , that will be c\n+0001e970: 6c65 6172 0a69 6620 796f 7520 7365 6520 lear.if you see \n+0001e980: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 696e 2061 2064 the files in a d\n+0001e990: 6576 6963 6520 6f72 2075 7365 2074 6865 evice or use the\n+0001e9a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 7365 6172 6368 command 'search\n+0001e9b0: 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a ' (*note.search:\n+0001e9c0: 3a29 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 :)...* Menu:..* \n+0001e9d0: 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a20 Device syntax:: \n+0001e9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f Ho\n+0001e9f0: 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2064 6576 w to specify dev\n+0001ea00: 6963 6573 0a2a 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 ices.* File name\n+0001ea10: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 syntax:: \n+0001ea20: 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 How to spec\n+0001ea30: 6966 7920 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 426c 6f63 ify files.* Bloc\n+0001ea40: 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a20 k list syntax:: \n+0001ea50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f How to\n+0001ea60: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2062 6c6f 636b 206c specify block l\n+0001ea70: 6973 7473 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ists....File: gr\n+0001ea80: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0001ea90: 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 Device syntax, \n+0001eaa0: 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 Next: File name \n+0001eab0: 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c syntax, Up: Fil\n+0001eac0: 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3120 486f esystem..13.1 Ho\n+0001ead0: 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2064 6576 w to specify dev\n+0001eae0: 6963 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ices.===========\n+0001eaf0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0001eb00: 0a0a 5468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2073 796e ..The device syn\n+0001eb10: 7461 7820 6973 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 tax is like this\n+0001eb20: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2844 4556 4943 455b :.. (DEVICE[\n+0001eb30: 2c50 4152 544d 4150 2d4e 414d 4531 5041 ,PARTMAP-NAME1PA\n+0001eb40: 5254 2d4e 554d 315b 2c50 4152 544d 4150 RT-NUM1[,PARTMAP\n+0001eb50: 2d4e 414d 4532 5041 5254 2d4e 554d 325b -NAME2PART-NUM2[\n+0001eb60: 2c2e 2e2e 5d5d 5d29 0a0a 2020 2027 5b5d ,...]]]).. '[]\n+0001eb70: 2720 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7061 7261 ' means the para\n+0001eb80: 6d65 7465 7220 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e61 meter is optiona\n+0001eb90: 6c2e 2020 4445 5649 4345 2064 6570 656e l. DEVICE depen\n+0001eba0: 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6469 736b 0a64 ds on the disk.d\n+0001ebb0: 7269 7665 7220 696e 2075 7365 2e20 2042 river in use. B\n+0001ebc0: 494f 5320 616e 6420 4546 4920 6469 736b IOS and EFI disk\n+0001ebd0: 7320 7573 6520 6569 7468 6572 2027 6664 s use either 'fd\n+0001ebe0: 2720 6f72 2027 6864 2720 666f 6c6c 6f77 ' or 'hd' follow\n+0001ebf0: 6564 2062 7920 610a 6469 6769 742c 206c ed by a.digit, l\n+0001ec00: 696b 6520 2766 6430 272c 206f 7220 2763 ike 'fd0', or 'c\n+0001ec10: 6427 2e20 2041 4843 492c 2050 4154 4120 d'. AHCI, PATA \n+0001ec20: 2861 7461 292c 2063 7279 7074 6f2c 2055 (ata), crypto, U\n+0001ec30: 5342 2075 7365 2074 6865 206e 616d 650a SB use the name.\n+0001ec40: 6f66 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f 6c6c 6f77 of driver follow\n+0001ec50: 6564 2062 7920 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2e20 ed by a number. \n+0001ec60: 204d 656d 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2068 6f73 Memdisk and hos\n+0001ec70: 7420 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f t are limited to\n+0001ec80: 206f 6e65 0a64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 736f one.disk and so\n+0001ec90: 2069 7427 7320 7265 6665 7265 6420 6a75 it's refered ju\n+0001eca0: 7374 2062 7920 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d st by driver nam\n+0001ecb0: 652e 2020 5241 4944 2028 6d64 292c 206f e. RAID (md), o\n+0001ecc0: 6664 6973 6b0a 2869 6565 6531 3237 3520 fdisk.(ieee1275 \n+0001ecd0: 616e 6420 6e61 6e64 292c 204c 564d 2028 and nand), LVM (\n+0001ece0: 6c76 6d29 2c20 4c44 4d2c 2076 6972 7469 lvm), LDM, virti\n+0001ecf0: 6f20 2876 6473 6b29 2061 6e64 2061 7263 o (vdsk) and arc\n+0001ed00: 6469 736b 2028 6172 6329 2075 7365 0a69 disk (arc) use.i\n+0001ed10: 6e74 7269 6e73 6963 206e 616d 6520 6f66 ntrinsic name of\n+0001ed20: 2064 6973 6b20 7072 6566 6978 6564 2062 disk prefixed b\n+0001ed30: 7920 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 652e 2020 y driver name. \n+0001ed40: 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 206a 7573 Additionally jus\n+0001ed50: 740a 226e 616e 6422 2072 6566 6572 7320 t.\"nand\" refers \n+0001ed60: 746f 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 616c 6961 to the disk alia\n+0001ed70: 7365 6420 6173 2022 6e61 6e64 222e 2020 sed as \"nand\". \n+0001ed80: 436f 6e66 6c69 6374 7320 6172 6520 736f Conflicts are so\n+0001ed90: 6c76 6564 2062 790a 7375 6666 6978 696e lved by.suffixin\n+0001eda0: 6720 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6620 6e65 g a number if ne\n+0001edb0: 6365 7373 6172 7279 2e20 2043 6f6d 6d61 cessarry. Comma\n+0001edc0: 7320 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2065 7363 s need to be esc\n+0001edd0: 6170 6564 2e20 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b0a aped. Loopback.\n+0001ede0: 7573 6573 2077 6861 7465 7665 7220 6e61 uses whatever na\n+0001edf0: 6d65 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6f20 me specified to \n+0001ee00: 276c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b27 2063 6f6d 6d61 'loopback' comma\n+0001ee10: 6e64 2e20 2048 6f73 7464 6973 6b20 7573 nd. Hostdisk us\n+0001ee20: 6573 206e 616d 6573 0a73 7065 6369 6669 es names.specifi\n+0001ee30: 6564 2069 6e20 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 ed in device.map\n+0001ee40: 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 6974 2773 as long as it's\n+0001ee50: 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f 726d 205b 6668 of the form [fh\n+0001ee60: 635d 645b 302d 395d 2a20 6f72 0a68 6f73 c]d[0-9]* or.hos\n+0001ee70: 7464 6973 6b2f 3c4f 5320 4445 5649 4345 tdisk/. For crypto a\n+0001ee90: 6e64 2052 4149 4420 286d 6429 2061 6464 nd RAID (md) add\n+0001eea0: 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 6361 itionally you ca\n+0001eeb0: 6e20 7573 650a 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 n use.the syntax\n+0001eec0: 203c 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 653e 7575 uu\n+0001eed0: 6964 2f3c 7575 6964 3e2e 2020 466f 7220 id/. For \n+0001eee0: 4c56 4d20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 LVM additionally\n+0001eef0: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a74 6865 you can use.the\n+0001ef00: 2073 796e 7461 7820 6c76 6d69 642f 3c76 syntax lvmid//.\n+0001ef30: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a20 2020 .. (fd0). \n+0001ef40: 2020 2868 6430 290a 2020 2020 2028 6364 (hd0). (cd\n+0001ef50: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6168 6369 3029 0a20 ). (ahci0). \n+0001ef60: 2020 2020 2861 7461 3029 0a20 2020 2020 (ata0). \n+0001ef70: 2863 7279 7074 6f30 290a 2020 2020 2028 (crypto0). (\n+0001ef80: 7573 6230 290a 2020 2020 2028 6372 7970 usb0). (cryp\n+0001ef90: 746f 7575 6964 2f31 3233 3435 3637 3839 touuid/123456789\n+0001efa0: 6162 6364 6566 3031 3233 3435 3637 3839 abcdef0123456789\n+0001efb0: 6162 6364 6566 3029 0a20 2020 2020 286d abcdef0). (m\n+0001efc0: 6475 7569 642f 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 duuid/123456789a\n+0001efd0: 6263 6465 6630 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 bcdef0123456789a\n+0001efe0: 6263 6465 6630 290a 2020 2020 2028 6c76 bcdef0). (lv\n+0001eff0: 6d2f 7379 7374 656d 2d72 6f6f 7429 0a20 m/system-root). \n+0001f000: 2020 2020 286c 766d 6964 2f46 3169 6b67 (lvmid/F1ikg\n+0001f010: 442d 3252 4553 2d33 3036 472d 696c 394d D-2RES-306G-il9M\n+0001f020: 2d37 6977 612d 344e 4b57 2d45 6256 314e -7iwa-4NKW-EbV1N\n+0001f030: 562f 654c 4775 4351 2d4c 344b 612d 5855 V/eLGuCQ-L4Ka-XU\n+0001f040: 6752 2d73 6a74 4a2d 6666 6368 2d62 616a gR-sjtJ-ffch-baj\n+0001f050: 722d 6643 4e66 7a35 290a 2020 2020 2028 r-fCNfz5). (\n+0001f060: 6d64 2f6d 7972 6169 6429 0a20 2020 2020 md/myraid). \n+0001f070: 286d 642f 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2869 6565 (md/0). (iee\n+0001f080: 6531 3237 352f 6469 736b 3229 0a20 2020 e1275/disk2). \n+0001f090: 2020 2869 6565 6531 3237 352f 2f70 6369 (ieee1275//pci\n+0001f0a0: 4031 665c 2c30 2f69 6465 4064 2f64 6973 @1f\\,0/ide@d/dis\n+0001f0b0: 6b40 3229 0a20 2020 2020 286e 616e 6429 k@2). (nand)\n+0001f0c0: 0a20 2020 2020 286d 656d 6469 736b 290a . (memdisk).\n+0001f0d0: 2020 2020 2028 686f 7374 290a 2020 2020 (host). \n+0001f0e0: 2028 6d79 6c6f 6f70 290a 2020 2020 2028 (myloop). (\n+0001f0f0: 686f 7374 6469 736b 2f2f 6465 762f 7364 hostdisk//dev/sd\n+0001f100: 6129 0a0a 2020 2050 4152 542d 4e55 4d20 a).. PART-NUM \n+0001f110: 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2074 6865 2070 represents the p\n+0001f120: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 artition number \n+0001f130: 6f66 2044 4556 4943 452c 2073 7461 7274 of DEVICE, start\n+0001f140: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 0a6f 6e65 2e20 2050 ing from.one. P\n+0001f150: 4152 544e 414d 4520 6973 206f 7074 696f ARTNAME is optio\n+0001f160: 6e61 6c20 6275 7420 6973 2072 6563 6f6d nal but is recom\n+0001f170: 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 2064 6973 mended since dis\n+0001f180: 6b20 6d61 7920 6861 7665 0a73 6576 6572 k may have.sever\n+0001f190: 616c 2074 6f70 2d6c 6576 656c 2070 6172 al top-level par\n+0001f1a0: 746d 6170 732e 2020 5370 6563 6966 7969 tmaps. Specifyi\n+0001f1b0: 6e67 2074 6869 7264 2061 6e64 206c 6174 ng third and lat\n+0001f1c0: 6572 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2079 6f75 er component you\n+0001f1d0: 0a63 616e 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2073 .can access to s\n+0001f1e0: 7562 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 ubpartitions... \n+0001f1f0: 2020 5468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2027 2868 The syntax '(h\n+0001f200: 6430 2927 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 d0)' represents \n+0001f210: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 using the entire\n+0001f220: 2064 6973 6b20 286f 7220 7468 6520 4d42 disk (or the MB\n+0001f230: 5220 7768 656e 0a69 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e R when.installin\n+0001f240: 6720 4752 5542 292c 2077 6869 6c65 2074 g GRUB), while t\n+0001f250: 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 2728 6864 302c he syntax '(hd0,\n+0001f260: 3129 2720 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2075 1)' represents u\n+0001f270: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a70 sing the first.p\n+0001f280: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 artition of the \n+0001f290: 6469 736b 2028 6f72 2074 6865 2062 6f6f disk (or the boo\n+0001f2a0: 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 t sector of the \n+0001f2b0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7768 656e 0a69 partition when.i\n+0001f2c0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 292e nstalling GRUB).\n+0001f2d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f .. (hd0,msdo\n+0001f2e0: 7331 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 s1). (hd0,ms\n+0001f2f0: 646f 7331 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 0a20 2020 dos1,msdos5). \n+0001f300: 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 312c 6273 (hd0,msdos1,bs\n+0001f310: 6433 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6e65 d3). (hd0,ne\n+0001f320: 7462 7364 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 tbsd1). (hd0\n+0001f330: 2c67 7074 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 ,gpt1). (hd0\n+0001f340: 2c31 2c33 290a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ,1,3).. If you\n+0001f350: 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2074 6865 206e 6574 enabled the net\n+0001f360: 776f 726b 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 7468 work support, th\n+0001f370: 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6472 6976 6573 e special drives\n+0001f380: 0a27 2850 524f 544f 434f 4c5b 2c53 4552 .'(PROTOCOL[,SER\n+0001f390: 5645 525d 2927 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 VER])' are also \n+0001f3a0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5375 7070 available. Supp\n+0001f3b0: 6f72 7465 6420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 7320 orted protocols \n+0001f3c0: 6172 650a 2768 7474 7027 2061 6e64 2027 are.'http' and '\n+0001f3d0: 7466 7470 272e 2020 4966 2053 4552 5645 tftp'. If SERVE\n+0001f3e0: 5220 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7661 R is omitted, va\n+0001f3f0: 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 lue of environme\n+0001f400: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 276e 6574 nt variable.'net\n+0001f410: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 7227 _default_server'\n+0001f420: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2e20 2042 6566 6f72 is used. Befor\n+0001f430: 6520 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 6e65 7477 e using the netw\n+0001f440: 6f72 6b20 6472 6976 652c 2079 6f75 206d ork drive, you m\n+0001f450: 7573 740a 696e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 2074 ust.initialize t\n+0001f460: 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2e20 202a 4e6f he network. *No\n+0001f470: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2c20 666f te Network::, fo\n+0001f480: 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 r more informati\n+0001f490: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2062 on... If you b\n+0001f4a0: 6f6f 7420 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 6120 oot GRUB from a \n+0001f4b0: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2728 6364 2927 2069 CD-ROM, '(cd)' i\n+0001f4c0: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 2a4e s available. *N\n+0001f4d0: 6f74 6520 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 0a47 5255 ote Making a.GRU\n+0001f4e0: 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f B bootable CD-RO\n+0001f4f0: 4d3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c73 M::, for details\n+0001f500: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0001f510: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 696c info, Node: Fil\n+0001f520: 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 e name syntax, \n+0001f530: 4e65 7874 3a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 Next: Block list\n+0001f540: 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 syntax, Prev: \n+0001f550: 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 Device syntax, \n+0001f560: 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a0a Up: Filesystem..\n+0001f570: 3133 2e32 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 13.2 How to spec\n+0001f580: 6966 7920 6669 6c65 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ify files.======\n 0001f590: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0001f5a0: 3d0a 0a54 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f =..There are two\n-0001f5b0: 2077 6179 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 ways to specify\n-0001f5c0: 2066 696c 6573 2c20 6279 2022 6162 736f files, by \"abso\n-0001f5d0: 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2220 lute file name\" \n-0001f5e0: 616e 6420 6279 0a22 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 and by.\"block li\n-0001f5f0: 7374 222e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e20 6162 736f st\"... An abso\n-0001f600: 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2072 lute file name r\n-0001f610: 6573 656d 626c 6573 2061 2055 6e69 7820 esembles a Unix \n-0001f620: 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 absolute file na\n-0001f630: 6d65 2c20 7573 696e 6720 272f 270a 666f me, using '/'.fo\n-0001f640: 7220 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 r the directory \n-0001f650: 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 286e 6f74 2027 separator (not '\n-0001f660: 5c27 2061 7320 696e 2044 4f53 292e 204f \\' as in DOS). O\n-0001f670: 6e65 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 730a 2728 ne example is.'(\n-0001f680: 6864 302c 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 hd0,1)/boot/grub\n-0001f690: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 6727 2e20 2054 6869 /grub.cfg'. Thi\n-0001f6a0: 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 s means the file\n-0001f6b0: 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 '/boot/grub/gru\n-0001f6c0: 622e 6366 6727 0a69 6e20 7468 6520 6669 b.cfg'.in the fi\n-0001f6d0: 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 rst partition of\n-0001f6e0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 the first hard \n-0001f6f0: 6469 736b 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6f6d disk. If you om\n-0001f700: 6974 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 650a 6e61 it the device.na\n-0001f710: 6d65 2069 6e20 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 me in an absolut\n-0001f720: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2047 5255 e file name, GRU\n-0001f730: 4220 7573 6573 2047 5255 4227 7320 2272 B uses GRUB's \"r\n-0001f740: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 220a 696d 706c oot device\".impl\n-0001f750: 6963 6974 6c79 2e20 2053 6f20 6966 2079 icitly. So if y\n-0001f760: 6f75 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 ou set the root \n-0001f770: 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f2c 2073 6179 2c20 device to, say, \n-0001f780: 2728 6864 312c 3129 2720 6279 2074 6865 '(hd1,1)' by the\n-0001f790: 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 7365 7420 726f .command 'set ro\n-0001f7a0: 6f74 3d28 6864 312c 3129 2720 282a 6e6f ot=(hd1,1)' (*no\n-0001f7b0: 7465 2073 6574 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 6e20 te set::), then \n-0001f7c0: 272f 626f 6f74 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c27 2069 '/boot/kernel' i\n-0001f7d0: 7320 7468 650a 7361 6d65 2061 7320 2728 s the.same as '(\n-0001f7e0: 6864 312c 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e hd1,1)/boot/kern\n-0001f7f0: 656c 272e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 5a46 5320 el'... On ZFS \n-0001f800: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 6865 2066 filesystem the f\n-0001f810: 6972 7374 2070 6174 6820 636f 6d70 6f6e irst path compon\n-0001f820: 656e 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a 564f 4c55 ent must be.VOLU\n-0001f830: 4d45 2740 275b 534e 4150 5348 4f54 5d2e ME'@'[SNAPSHOT].\n-0001f840: 2020 536f 2027 2f72 6f6f 7476 6f6c 4073 So '/rootvol@s\n-0001f850: 6e61 702d 3132 392f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 nap-129/boot/gru\n-0001f860: 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 7265 6665 b/grub.cfg' refe\n-0001f870: 7273 0a74 6f20 6669 6c65 2027 2f62 6f6f rs.to file '/boo\n-0001f880: 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 6727 t/grub/grub.cfg'\n-0001f890: 2069 6e20 736e 6170 7368 6f74 206f 6620 in snapshot of \n-0001f8a0: 766f 6c75 6d65 2027 726f 6f74 766f 6c27 volume 'rootvol'\n-0001f8b0: 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 0a27 736e 6170 with name.'snap\n-0001f8c0: 2d31 3239 272e 2020 5472 6169 6c69 6e67 -129'. Trailing\n-0001f8d0: 2027 4027 2061 6674 6572 2076 6f6c 756d '@' after volum\n-0001f8e0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 6d61 6e64 6174 e name is mandat\n-0001f8f0: 6f72 7920 6576 656e 2069 660a 736e 6170 ory even if.snap\n-0001f900: 7368 6f74 206e 616d 6520 6973 206f 6d69 shot name is omi\n-0001f910: 7474 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tted.....File: g\n-0001f920: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0001f930: 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 Block list synt\n-0001f940: 6178 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 696c 6520 ax, Prev: File \n-0001f950: 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5570 name syntax, Up\n-0001f960: 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a0a 3133 : Filesystem..13\n-0001f970: 2e33 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 .3 How to specif\n-0001f980: 7920 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 730a 3d3d y block lists.==\n+0001f5a0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 ===..There are t\n+0001f5b0: 776f 2077 6179 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 wo ways to speci\n+0001f5c0: 6679 2066 696c 6573 2c20 6279 2022 6162 fy files, by \"ab\n+0001f5d0: 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 solute file name\n+0001f5e0: 2220 616e 6420 6279 0a22 626c 6f63 6b20 \" and by.\"block \n+0001f5f0: 6c69 7374 222e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e20 6162 list\"... An ab\n+0001f600: 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 solute file name\n+0001f610: 2072 6573 656d 626c 6573 2061 2055 6e69 resembles a Uni\n+0001f620: 7820 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 x absolute file \n+0001f630: 6e61 6d65 2c20 7573 696e 6720 272f 270a name, using '/'.\n+0001f640: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 for the director\n+0001f650: 7920 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 286e 6f74 y separator (not\n+0001f660: 2027 5c27 2061 7320 696e 2044 4f53 292e '\\' as in DOS).\n+0001f670: 204f 6e65 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 730a One example is.\n+0001f680: 2728 6864 302c 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 '(hd0,1)/boot/gr\n+0001f690: 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 6727 2e20 2054 ub/grub.cfg'. T\n+0001f6a0: 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 6669 his means the fi\n+0001f6b0: 6c65 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 le '/boot/grub/g\n+0001f6c0: 7275 622e 6366 6727 0a69 6e20 7468 6520 rub.cfg'.in the \n+0001f6d0: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 first partition \n+0001f6e0: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 of the first har\n+0001f6f0: 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 d disk. If you \n+0001f700: 6f6d 6974 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 650a omit the device.\n+0001f710: 6e61 6d65 2069 6e20 616e 2061 6273 6f6c name in an absol\n+0001f720: 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2047 ute file name, G\n+0001f730: 5255 4220 7573 6573 2047 5255 4227 7320 RUB uses GRUB's \n+0001f740: 2272 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 220a 696d \"root device\".im\n+0001f750: 706c 6963 6974 6c79 2e20 2053 6f20 6966 plicitly. So if\n+0001f760: 2079 6f75 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 6f6f you set the roo\n+0001f770: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f2c 2073 6179 t device to, say\n+0001f780: 2c20 2728 6864 312c 3129 2720 6279 2074 , '(hd1,1)' by t\n+0001f790: 6865 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 7365 7420 he.command 'set \n+0001f7a0: 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 312c 3129 2720 282a root=(hd1,1)' (*\n+0001f7b0: 6e6f 7465 2073 6574 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 note set::), the\n+0001f7c0: 6e20 272f 626f 6f74 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c27 n '/boot/kernel'\n+0001f7d0: 2069 7320 7468 650a 7361 6d65 2061 7320 is the.same as \n+0001f7e0: 2728 6864 312c 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 '(hd1,1)/boot/ke\n+0001f7f0: 726e 656c 272e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 5a46 rnel'... On ZF\n+0001f800: 5320 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 6865 S filesystem the\n+0001f810: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6174 6820 636f 6d70 first path comp\n+0001f820: 6f6e 656e 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a 564f onent must be.VO\n+0001f830: 4c55 4d45 2740 275b 534e 4150 5348 4f54 LUME'@'[SNAPSHOT\n+0001f840: 5d2e 2020 536f 2027 2f72 6f6f 7476 6f6c ]. So '/rootvol\n+0001f850: 4073 6e61 702d 3132 392f 626f 6f74 2f67 @snap-129/boot/g\n+0001f860: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 7265 rub/grub.cfg' re\n+0001f870: 6665 7273 0a74 6f20 6669 6c65 2027 2f62 fers.to file '/b\n+0001f880: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 oot/grub/grub.cf\n+0001f890: 6727 2069 6e20 736e 6170 7368 6f74 206f g' in snapshot o\n+0001f8a0: 6620 766f 6c75 6d65 2027 726f 6f74 766f f volume 'rootvo\n+0001f8b0: 6c27 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 0a27 736e l' with name.'sn\n+0001f8c0: 6170 2d31 3239 272e 2020 5472 6169 6c69 ap-129'. Traili\n+0001f8d0: 6e67 2027 4027 2061 6674 6572 2076 6f6c ng '@' after vol\n+0001f8e0: 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 6d61 6e64 ume name is mand\n+0001f8f0: 6174 6f72 7920 6576 656e 2069 660a 736e atory even if.sn\n+0001f900: 6170 7368 6f74 206e 616d 6520 6973 206f apshot name is o\n+0001f910: 6d69 7474 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mitted.....File:\n+0001f920: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0001f930: 653a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 e: Block list sy\n+0001f940: 6e74 6178 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 696c ntax, Prev: Fil\n+0001f950: 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 e name syntax, \n+0001f960: 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a0a Up: Filesystem..\n+0001f970: 3133 2e33 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 13.3 How to spec\n+0001f980: 6966 7920 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 730a ify block lists.\n 0001f990: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0001f9a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 =============..A\n-0001f9b0: 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 6973 2075 block list is u\n-0001f9c0: 7365 6420 666f 7220 7370 6563 6966 7969 sed for specifyi\n-0001f9d0: 6e67 2061 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 2064 ng a file that d\n-0001f9e0: 6f65 736e 2774 2061 7070 6561 7220 696e oesn't appear in\n-0001f9f0: 2074 6865 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c the.filesystem,\n-0001fa00: 206c 696b 6520 6120 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 like a chainloa\n-0001fa10: 6465 722e 2020 5468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 der. The syntax\n-0001fa20: 2069 730a 275b 4f46 4653 4554 5d2b 4c45 is.'[OFFSET]+LE\n-0001fa30: 4e47 5448 5b2c 5b4f 4646 5345 545d 2b4c NGTH[,[OFFSET]+L\n-0001fa40: 454e 4754 485d 2e2e 2e27 2e20 2048 6572 ENGTH]...'. Her\n-0001fa50: 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c 653a e is an example:\n-0001fa60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2030 2b31 3030 2c32 3030 .. 0+100,200\n-0001fa70: 2b31 2c33 3030 2b33 3030 0a0a 2020 2054 +1,300+300.. T\n-0001fa80: 6869 7320 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2074 his represents t\n-0001fa90: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2073 686f 756c 6420 hat GRUB should \n-0001faa0: 7265 6164 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 3020 7468 read blocks 0 th\n-0001fab0: 726f 7567 6820 3939 2c20 626c 6f63 6b20 rough 99, block \n-0001fac0: 3230 302c 0a61 6e64 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 200,.and blocks \n-0001fad0: 3330 3020 7468 726f 7567 6820 3539 392e 300 through 599.\n-0001fae0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206f 6d69 7420 616e If you omit an\n-0001faf0: 206f 6666 7365 742c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 offset, then GR\n-0001fb00: 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 0a74 6865 206f UB assumes.the o\n-0001fb10: 6666 7365 7420 6973 207a 6572 6f2e 0a0a ffset is zero...\n-0001fb20: 2020 204c 696b 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 Like the file\n-0001fb30: 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2028 2a6e name syntax (*n\n-0001fb40: 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 ote File name sy\n-0001fb50: 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2069 6620 6120 626c ntax::), if a bl\n-0001fb60: 6f63 6b6c 6973 740a 646f 6573 206e 6f74 ocklist.does not\n-0001fb70: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 2064 6576 6963 contain a devic\n-0001fb80: 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 e name, then GRU\n-0001fb90: 4220 7573 6573 2047 5255 4227 7320 2272 B uses GRUB's \"r\n-0001fba0: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 222e 2020 536f oot device\". So\n-0001fbb0: 0a27 2868 6430 2c32 292b 3127 2069 7320 .'(hd0,2)+1' is \n-0001fbc0: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 272b 3127 the same as '+1'\n-0001fbd0: 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 when the root d\n-0001fbe0: 6576 6963 6520 6973 2027 2868 6430 2c32 evice is '(hd0,2\n-0001fbf0: 2927 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 )'.....File: gru\n-0001fc00: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 b.info, Node: I\n-0001fc10: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a nterface, Next:\n-0001fc20: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c20 2050 Environment, P\n-0001fc30: 7265 763a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c rev: Filesystem,\n-0001fc40: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3420 4752 Up: Top..14 GR\n-0001fc50: 5542 2773 2075 7365 7220 696e 7465 7266 UB's user interf\n-0001fc60: 6163 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ace.************\n-0001fc70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 ************..GR\n-0001fc80: 5542 2068 6173 2062 6f74 6820 6120 7369 UB has both a si\n-0001fc90: 6d70 6c65 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 mple menu interf\n-0001fca0: 6163 6520 666f 7220 6368 6f6f 7369 6e67 ace for choosing\n-0001fcb0: 2070 7265 7365 7420 656e 7472 6965 7320 preset entries \n-0001fcc0: 6672 6f6d 2061 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 from a.configura\n-0001fcd0: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 6e64 2061 tion file, and a\n-0001fce0: 2068 6967 686c 7920 666c 6578 6962 6c65 highly flexible\n-0001fcf0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 666f command-line fo\n-0001fd00: 7220 7065 7266 6f72 6d69 6e67 0a61 6e79 r performing.any\n-0001fd10: 2064 6573 6972 6564 2063 6f6d 6269 6e61 desired combina\n-0001fd20: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d tion of boot com\n-0001fd30: 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 mands... GRUB \n-0001fd40: 6c6f 6f6b 7320 666f 7220 6974 7320 636f looks for its co\n-0001fd50: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-0001fd60: 2061 7320 736f 6f6e 2061 7320 6974 2069 as soon as it i\n-0001fd70: 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 2049 660a 6f6e s loaded. If.on\n-0001fd80: 6520 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 7468 656e e is found, then\n-0001fd90: 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c20 6d65 6e75 2069 the full menu i\n-0001fda0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2069 7320 6163 7469 nterface is acti\n-0001fdb0: 7661 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7768 6174 vated using what\n-0001fdc0: 6576 6572 0a65 6e74 7269 6573 2077 6572 ever.entries wer\n-0001fdd0: 6520 666f 756e 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 e found in the f\n-0001fde0: 696c 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2063 686f ile. If you cho\n-0001fdf0: 6f73 6520 7468 6520 2263 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ose the \"command\n-0001fe00: 2d6c 696e 6522 206d 656e 750a 6f70 7469 -line\" menu.opti\n-0001fe10: 6f6e 2c20 6f72 2069 6620 7468 6520 636f on, or if the co\n-0001fe20: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-0001fe30: 2077 6173 206e 6f74 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 was not found, \n-0001fe40: 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 6472 6f70 7320 then GRUB drops \n-0001fe50: 746f 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c to.the command-l\n-0001fe60: 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652e 0a0a ine interface...\n-0001fe70: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 * Menu:..* Comma\n-0001fe80: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 nd-line interfac\n-0001fe90: 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 6c65 e:: The fle\n-0001fea0: 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 xible command-li\n-0001feb0: 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 204d ne interface.* M\n-0001fec0: 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a20 enu interface:: \n-0001fed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n-0001fee0: 2073 696d 706c 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 simple menu int\n-0001fef0: 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 204d 656e 7520 656e erface.* Menu en\n-0001ff00: 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 3a3a 2020 2020 try editor:: \n-0001ff10: 2020 2020 2020 2045 6469 7469 6e67 2061 Editing a\n-0001ff20: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 790a 0a1f 0a46 menu entry....F\n-0001ff30: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0001ff40: 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c Node: Command-l\n-0001ff50: 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 ine interface, \n-0001ff60: 4e65 7874 3a20 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 Next: Menu inter\n-0001ff70: 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 6572 face, Up: Inter\n-0001ff80: 6661 6365 0a0a 3134 2e31 2054 6865 2066 face..14.1 The f\n-0001ff90: 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d lexible command-\n-0001ffa0: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a3d line interface.=\n-0001ffb0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0001f9a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+0001f9b0: 0a41 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 6973 .A block list is\n+0001f9c0: 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 7370 6563 6966 used for specif\n+0001f9d0: 7969 6e67 2061 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 ying a file that\n+0001f9e0: 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2061 7070 6561 7220 doesn't appear \n+0001f9f0: 696e 2074 6865 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 in the.filesyste\n+0001fa00: 6d2c 206c 696b 6520 6120 6368 6169 6e6c m, like a chainl\n+0001fa10: 6f61 6465 722e 2020 5468 6520 7379 6e74 oader. The synt\n+0001fa20: 6178 2069 730a 275b 4f46 4653 4554 5d2b ax is.'[OFFSET]+\n+0001fa30: 4c45 4e47 5448 5b2c 5b4f 4646 5345 545d LENGTH[,[OFFSET]\n+0001fa40: 2b4c 454e 4754 485d 2e2e 2e27 2e20 2048 +LENGTH]...'. H\n+0001fa50: 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c ere is an exampl\n+0001fa60: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2030 2b31 3030 2c32 e:.. 0+100,2\n+0001fa70: 3030 2b31 2c33 3030 2b33 3030 0a0a 2020 00+1,300+300.. \n+0001fa80: 2054 6869 7320 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 This represents\n+0001fa90: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2073 686f 756c that GRUB shoul\n+0001faa0: 6420 7265 6164 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 3020 d read blocks 0 \n+0001fab0: 7468 726f 7567 6820 3939 2c20 626c 6f63 through 99, bloc\n+0001fac0: 6b20 3230 302c 0a61 6e64 2062 6c6f 636b k 200,.and block\n+0001fad0: 7320 3330 3020 7468 726f 7567 6820 3539 s 300 through 59\n+0001fae0: 392e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206f 6d69 7420 9. If you omit \n+0001faf0: 616e 206f 6666 7365 742c 2074 6865 6e20 an offset, then \n+0001fb00: 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 0a74 6865 GRUB assumes.the\n+0001fb10: 206f 6666 7365 7420 6973 207a 6572 6f2e offset is zero.\n+0001fb20: 0a0a 2020 204c 696b 6520 7468 6520 6669 .. Like the fi\n+0001fb30: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2028 le name syntax (\n+0001fb40: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 *note File name \n+0001fb50: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2069 6620 6120 syntax::), if a \n+0001fb60: 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 740a 646f 6573 206e blocklist.does n\n+0001fb70: 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 2064 6576 ot contain a dev\n+0001fb80: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 7468 656e 2047 ice name, then G\n+0001fb90: 5255 4220 7573 6573 2047 5255 4227 7320 RUB uses GRUB's \n+0001fba0: 2272 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 222e 2020 \"root device\". \n+0001fbb0: 536f 0a27 2868 6430 2c32 292b 3127 2069 So.'(hd0,2)+1' i\n+0001fbc0: 7320 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 272b s the same as '+\n+0001fbd0: 3127 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 1' when the root\n+0001fbe0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 2027 2868 6430 device is '(hd0\n+0001fbf0: 2c32 2927 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ,2)'.....File: g\n+0001fc00: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0001fc10: 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 Interface, Nex\n+0001fc20: 743a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c20 t: Environment, \n+0001fc30: 2050 7265 763a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 Prev: Filesyste\n+0001fc40: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3420 m, Up: Top..14 \n+0001fc50: 4752 5542 2773 2075 7365 7220 696e 7465 GRUB's user inte\n+0001fc60: 7266 6163 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a rface.**********\n+0001fc70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+0001fc80: 4752 5542 2068 6173 2062 6f74 6820 6120 GRUB has both a \n+0001fc90: 7369 6d70 6c65 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 simple menu inte\n+0001fca0: 7266 6163 6520 666f 7220 6368 6f6f 7369 rface for choosi\n+0001fcb0: 6e67 2070 7265 7365 7420 656e 7472 6965 ng preset entrie\n+0001fcc0: 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 s from a.configu\n+0001fcd0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 6e64 ration file, and\n+0001fce0: 2061 2068 6967 686c 7920 666c 6578 6962 a highly flexib\n+0001fcf0: 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 le command-line \n+0001fd00: 666f 7220 7065 7266 6f72 6d69 6e67 0a61 for performing.a\n+0001fd10: 6e79 2064 6573 6972 6564 2063 6f6d 6269 ny desired combi\n+0001fd20: 6e61 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 626f 6f74 2063 nation of boot c\n+0001fd30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 ommands... GRU\n+0001fd40: 4220 6c6f 6f6b 7320 666f 7220 6974 7320 B looks for its \n+0001fd50: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+0001fd60: 6c65 2061 7320 736f 6f6e 2061 7320 6974 le as soon as it\n+0001fd70: 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 2049 660a is loaded. If.\n+0001fd80: 6f6e 6520 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 7468 one is found, th\n+0001fd90: 656e 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c20 6d65 6e75 en the full menu\n+0001fda0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2069 7320 6163 interface is ac\n+0001fdb0: 7469 7661 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7768 tivated using wh\n+0001fdc0: 6174 6576 6572 0a65 6e74 7269 6573 2077 atever.entries w\n+0001fdd0: 6572 6520 666f 756e 6420 696e 2074 6865 ere found in the\n+0001fde0: 2066 696c 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2063 file. If you c\n+0001fdf0: 686f 6f73 6520 7468 6520 2263 6f6d 6d61 hoose the \"comma\n+0001fe00: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6522 206d 656e 750a 6f70 nd-line\" menu.op\n+0001fe10: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 2069 6620 7468 6520 tion, or if the \n+0001fe20: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+0001fe30: 6c65 2077 6173 206e 6f74 2066 6f75 6e64 le was not found\n+0001fe40: 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 6472 6f70 , then GRUB drop\n+0001fe50: 7320 746f 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s to.the command\n+0001fe60: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652e -line interface.\n+0001fe70: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2043 6f6d ..* Menu:..* Com\n+0001fe80: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n+0001fe90: 6163 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 ace:: The f\n+0001fea0: 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d lexible command-\n+0001feb0: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a line interface.*\n+0001fec0: 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a Menu interface:\n+0001fed0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 : T\n+0001fee0: 6865 2073 696d 706c 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 he simple menu i\n+0001fef0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 204d 656e 7520 nterface.* Menu \n+0001ff00: 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 3a3a 2020 entry editor:: \n+0001ff10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6469 7469 6e67 Editing\n+0001ff20: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 790a 0a1f a menu entry...\n+0001ff30: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0001ff40: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 , Node: Command\n+0001ff50: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c -line interface,\n+0001ff60: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 Next: Menu int\n+0001ff70: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 erface, Up: Int\n+0001ff80: 6572 6661 6365 0a0a 3134 2e31 2054 6865 erface..14.1 The\n+0001ff90: 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e flexible comman\n+0001ffa0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line interface\n+0001ffb0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n 0001ffc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0001ffd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2063 6f6d =======..The com\n-0001ffe0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n-0001fff0: 6163 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 2070 ace provides a p\n-00020000: 726f 6d70 7420 616e 6420 6166 7465 7220 rompt and after \n-00020010: 6974 2061 6e20 6564 6974 6162 6c65 0a74 it an editable.t\n-00020020: 6578 7420 6172 6561 206d 7563 6820 6c69 ext area much li\n-00020030: 6b65 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e ke a command-lin\n-00020040: 6520 696e 2055 6e69 7820 6f72 2044 4f53 e in Unix or DOS\n-00020050: 2e20 4561 6368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 . Each command i\n-00020060: 730a 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 7920 6578 s.immediately ex\n-00020070: 6563 7574 6564 2061 6674 6572 2069 7420 ecuted after it \n-00020080: 6973 2065 6e74 6572 6564 2831 2920 282a is entered(1) (*\n-00020090: 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e note Command-lin\n-000200a0: 650a 696e 7465 7266 6163 652d 466f 6f74 e.interface-Foot\n-000200b0: 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6520 note-1::). The \n-000200c0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 commands (*note \n-000200d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n-000200e0: 206d 656e 750a 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu.entry comm\n-000200f0: 616e 6473 3a3a 2920 6172 6520 6120 7375 ands::) are a su\n-00020100: 6273 6574 206f 6620 7468 6f73 6520 6176 bset of those av\n-00020110: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2074 6865 2063 ailable in the c\n-00020120: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c onfiguration.fil\n-00020130: 652c 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 2065 7861 e, used with exa\n-00020140: 6374 6c79 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7379 ctly the same sy\n-00020150: 6e74 6178 2e0a 0a20 2020 4375 7273 6f72 ntax... Cursor\n-00020160: 206d 6f76 656d 656e 7420 616e 6420 6564 movement and ed\n-00020170: 6974 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 iting of the tex\n-00020180: 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6361 t on the line ca\n-00020190: 6e20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 7669 6120 610a n be done via a.\n-000201a0: 7375 6273 6574 206f 6620 7468 6520 6675 subset of the fu\n-000201b0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c nctions availabl\n-000201c0: 6520 696e 2074 6865 2042 6173 6820 7368 e in the Bash sh\n-000201d0: 656c 6c3a 0a0a 3c43 2d66 3e0a 3c50 4320 ell:.... \n-000201f0: 4d6f 7665 2066 6f72 7761 7264 206f 6e65 Move forward one\n-00020200: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2e0a 0a3c 432d character....\n-00020220: 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 2062 6163 6b20 . Move back \n-00020230: 6f6e 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 722e 0a0a one character...\n-00020240: 3c43 2d61 3e0a 3c48 4f4d 453e 0a20 2020 .. \n-00020250: 2020 4d6f 7665 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7374 Move to the st\n-00020260: 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 652e art of the line.\n-00020270: 0a0a 3c43 2d65 3e0a 3c45 4e44 3e0a 2020 .... \n-00020280: 2020 204d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 7468 6520 Move the the \n-00020290: 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 652e end of the line.\n-000202a0: 0a0a 3c43 2d64 3e0a 3c44 454c 3e0a 2020 .... \n-000202b0: 2020 2044 656c 6574 6520 7468 6520 6368 Delete the ch\n-000202c0: 6172 6163 7465 7220 756e 6465 726e 6561 aracter undernea\n-000202d0: 7468 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 722e 0a0a th the cursor...\n-000202e0: 3c43 2d68 3e0a 3c42 533e 0a20 2020 2020 .. \n-000202f0: 4465 6c65 7465 2074 6865 2063 6861 7261 Delete the chara\n-00020300: 6374 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c65 6674 cter to the left\n-00020310: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2e0a of the cursor..\n-00020320: 0a3c 432d 6b3e 0a20 2020 2020 4b69 6c6c .. Kill\n-00020330: 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 the text from t\n-00020340: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2063 7572 736f he current curso\n-00020350: 7220 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 r position to th\n-00020360: 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 e end of the. \n-00020370: 2020 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 753e 0a20 line.... \n-00020380: 2020 2020 4b69 6c6c 2062 6163 6b77 6172 Kill backwar\n-00020390: 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f d from the curso\n-000203a0: 7220 746f 2074 6865 2062 6567 696e 6e69 r to the beginni\n-000203b0: 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2e0a ng of the line..\n-000203c0: 0a3c 432d 793e 0a20 2020 2020 5961 6e6b .. Yank\n-000203d0: 2074 6865 206b 696c 6c65 6420 7465 7874 the killed text\n-000203e0: 2062 6163 6b20 696e 746f 2074 6865 2062 back into the b\n-000203f0: 7566 6665 7220 6174 2074 6865 2063 7572 uffer at the cur\n-00020400: 736f 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d70 3e0a 3c50 4320 sor..... Mov\n-00020420: 6520 7570 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6865 e up through the\n-00020430: 2068 6973 746f 7279 206c 6973 742e 0a0a history list...\n-00020440: 3c43 2d6e 3e0a 3c50 4320 646f 776e 206b .. Move do\n-00020460: 776e 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6865 2068 wn through the h\n-00020470: 6973 746f 7279 206c 6973 742e 0a0a 2020 istory list... \n-00020480: 2057 6865 6e20 7479 7069 6e67 2063 6f6d When typing com\n-00020490: 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 mands interactiv\n-000204a0: 656c 792c 2069 6620 7468 6520 6375 7273 ely, if the curs\n-000204b0: 6f72 2069 7320 7769 7468 696e 206f 7220 or is within or \n-000204c0: 6265 666f 7265 0a74 6865 2066 6972 7374 before.the first\n-000204d0: 2077 6f72 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d word in the com\n-000204e0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652c 2070 7265 7373 mand-line, press\n-000204f0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 3c54 4142 3e20 6b65 ing the ke\n-00020500: 7920 286f 7220 3c43 2d69 3e29 0a77 696c y (or ).wil\n-00020510: 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 6120 6c69 7374 l display a list\n-00020520: 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c ing of the avail\n-00020530: 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2061 able commands, a\n-00020540: 6e64 2069 6620 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 nd if the cursor\n-00020550: 2069 730a 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 6669 is.after the fi\n-00020560: 7273 7420 776f 7264 2c20 7468 6520 273c rst word, the '<\n-00020570: 5441 423e 2720 7769 6c6c 2070 726f 7669 TAB>' will provi\n-00020580: 6465 2061 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 de a completion \n-00020590: 6c69 7374 696e 6720 6f66 0a64 6973 6b73 listing of.disks\n-000205a0: 2c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2c20 616e , partitions, an\n-000205b0: 6420 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2064 6570 d file names dep\n-000205c0: 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636f ending on the co\n-000205d0: 6e74 6578 742e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 ntext. Note tha\n-000205e0: 740a 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 6120 6c69 t.to obtain a li\n-000205f0: 7374 206f 6620 6472 6976 6573 2c20 6f6e st of drives, on\n-00020600: 6520 6d75 7374 206f 7065 6e20 6120 7061 e must open a pa\n-00020610: 7265 6e74 6865 7369 732c 2061 7320 2772 renthesis, as 'r\n-00020620: 6f6f 7420 2827 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 oot ('... Note\n-00020630: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e6e 6f74 that you cannot\n-00020640: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 use the complet\n-00020650: 696f 6e20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 ion functionalit\n-00020660: 7920 696e 2074 6865 2054 4654 500a 6669 y in the TFTP.fi\n-00020670: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 lesystem. This \n-00020680: 6973 2062 6563 6175 7365 2054 4654 5020 is because TFTP \n-00020690: 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 doesn't support \n-000206a0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6c69 7374 696e file name listin\n-000206b0: 6720 666f 720a 7468 6520 7365 6375 7269 g for.the securi\n-000206c0: 7479 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ty.....File: gru\n-000206d0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 b.info, Node: C\n-000206e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 ommand-line inte\n-000206f0: 7266 6163 652d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c rface-Footnotes,\n-00020700: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00020710: 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a 2020 ne interface.. \n-00020720: 2028 3129 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 (1) However, th\n-00020730: 6973 2062 6568 6176 696f 7220 7769 6c6c is behavior will\n-00020740: 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 6420 696e 2074 be changed in t\n-00020750: 6865 2066 7574 7572 6520 7665 7273 696f he future versio\n-00020760: 6e2c 2069 6e0a 6120 7573 6572 2d69 6e76 n, in.a user-inv\n-00020770: 6973 6962 6c65 2077 6179 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 isible way.....F\n-00020780: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00020790: 204e 6f64 653a 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 Node: Menu inte\n-000207a0: 7266 6163 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4d65 rface, Next: Me\n-000207b0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2065 6469 746f 722c nu entry editor,\n-000207c0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d Prev: Command-\n-000207d0: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 line interface, \n-000207e0: 2055 703a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a Up: Interface..\n-000207f0: 3134 2e32 2054 6865 2073 696d 706c 6520 14.2 The simple \n-00020800: 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a3d menu interface.=\n-00020810: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00020820: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n-00020830: 6865 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 he menu interfac\n-00020840: 6520 6973 2071 7569 7465 2065 6173 7920 e is quite easy \n-00020850: 746f 2075 7365 2e20 2049 7473 2063 6f6d to use. Its com\n-00020860: 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 626f 7468 0a72 mands are both.r\n-00020870: 6561 736f 6e61 626c 7920 696e 7475 6974 easonably intuit\n-00020880: 6976 6520 616e 6420 6465 7363 7269 6265 ive and describe\n-00020890: 6420 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a 2020 d on screen... \n-000208a0: 2042 6173 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 Basically, the \n-000208b0: 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2070 menu interface p\n-000208c0: 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f rovides a list o\n-000208d0: 6620 2262 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 6965 7322 f \"boot entries\"\n-000208e0: 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 7573 6572 2074 6f20 to.the user to \n-000208f0: 6368 6f6f 7365 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 5573 choose from. Us\n-00020900: 6520 7468 6520 6172 726f 7720 6b65 7973 e the arrow keys\n-00020910: 2074 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2065 to select the e\n-00020920: 6e74 7279 206f 660a 6368 6f69 6365 2c20 ntry of.choice, \n-00020930: 7468 656e 2070 7265 7373 203c 5245 543e then press \n-00020940: 2074 6f20 7275 6e20 6974 2e20 2041 6e20 to run it. An \n-00020950: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 696d 656f 7574 optional timeout\n-00020960: 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f is available to\n-00020970: 0a62 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c .boot the defaul\n-00020980: 7420 656e 7472 7920 2874 6865 2066 6972 t entry (the fir\n-00020990: 7374 206f 6e65 2069 6620 6e6f 7420 7365 st one if not se\n-000209a0: 7429 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2061 626f t), which is abo\n-000209b0: 7274 6564 2062 790a 7072 6573 7369 6e67 rted by.pressing\n-000209c0: 2061 6e79 206b 6579 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f any key... Co\n-000209d0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c mmands are avail\n-000209e0: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 656e 7465 7220 6120 able to enter a \n-000209f0: 6261 7265 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e bare command-lin\n-00020a00: 6520 6279 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c63 e by pressing .(which operate\n-00020a20: 7320 6578 6163 746c 7920 6c69 6b65 2074 s exactly like t\n-00020a30: 6865 206e 6f6e 2d63 6f6e 6669 672d 6669 he non-config-fi\n-00020a40: 6c65 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206f 6620 4752 le version of GR\n-00020a50: 5542 2c20 6275 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 206f UB, but.allows o\n-00020a60: 6e65 2074 6f20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6f20 ne to return to \n-00020a70: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6620 6465 7369 the menu if desi\n-00020a80: 7265 6420 6279 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 red by pressing \n-00020a90: 3c45 5343 3e29 206f 7220 746f 0a65 6469 ) or to.edi\n-00020aa0: 7420 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2022 626f t any of the \"bo\n-00020ab0: 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2220 6279 2070 ot entries\" by p\n-00020ac0: 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c65 3e2e 0a0a 2020 ressing ... \n-00020ad0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 7072 6f74 6563 7420 If you protect \n-00020ae0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 the menu interfa\n-00020af0: 6365 2077 6974 6820 6120 7061 7373 776f ce with a passwo\n-00020b00: 7264 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 rd (*note Securi\n-00020b10: 7479 3a3a 292c 0a61 6c6c 2079 6f75 2063 ty::),.all you c\n-00020b20: 616e 2064 6f20 6973 2063 686f 6f73 6520 an do is choose \n-00020b30: 616e 2065 6e74 7279 2062 7920 7072 6573 an entry by pres\n-00020b40: 7369 6e67 203c 5245 543e 2c20 6f72 2070 sing , or p\n-00020b50: 7265 7373 203c 703e 2074 6f0a 656e 7465 ress

to.ente\n-00020b60: 7220 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2e0a r the password..\n-00020b70: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00020b80: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 656e 7520 fo, Node: Menu \n-00020b90: 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 2c20 2050 entry editor, P\n-00020ba0: 7265 763a 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 rev: Menu interf\n-00020bb0: 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7465 7266 ace, Up: Interf\n-00020bc0: 6163 650a 0a31 342e 3320 4564 6974 696e ace..14.3 Editin\n-00020bd0: 6720 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 0a3d g a menu entry.=\n-00020be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00020bf0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 6d65 ========..The me\n-00020c00: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2065 6469 746f 7220 nu entry editor \n-00020c10: 6c6f 6f6b 7320 6d75 6368 206c 696b 6520 looks much like \n-00020c20: 7468 6520 6d61 696e 206d 656e 7520 696e the main menu in\n-00020c30: 7465 7266 6163 652c 2062 7574 2074 6865 terface, but the\n-00020c40: 0a6c 696e 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 .lines in the me\n-00020c50: 6e75 2061 7265 2069 6e64 6976 6964 7561 nu are individua\n-00020c60: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e20 7468 l commands in th\n-00020c70: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2065 6e74 7279 e selected entry\n-00020c80: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 0a6f 6620 656e 7472 instead.of entr\n-00020c90: 7920 6e61 6d65 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 y names... If \n-00020ca0: 616e 203c 4553 433e 2069 7320 7072 6573 an is pres\n-00020cb0: 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2065 6469 746f sed in the edito\n-00020cc0: 722c 2069 7420 6162 6f72 7473 2061 6c6c r, it aborts all\n-00020cd0: 2074 6865 2063 6861 6e67 6573 206d 6164 the changes mad\n-00020ce0: 650a 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 e.to the configu\n-00020cf0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2065 6e74 7279 2061 6e64 ration entry and\n-00020d00: 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2074 6f20 7468 6520 returns to the \n-00020d10: 6d61 696e 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 main menu interf\n-00020d20: 6163 652e 0a0a 2020 2045 6163 6820 6c69 ace... Each li\n-00020d30: 6e65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 ne in the menu e\n-00020d40: 6e74 7279 2063 616e 2062 6520 6564 6974 ntry can be edit\n-00020d50: 6564 2066 7265 656c 792c 2061 6e64 2079 ed freely, and y\n-00020d60: 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6464 206e 6577 0a6c ou can add new.l\n-00020d70: 696e 6573 2062 7920 7072 6573 7369 6e67 ines by pressing\n-00020d80: 203c 5245 543e 2061 7420 7468 6520 656e at the en\n-00020d90: 6420 6f66 2061 206c 696e 652e 2020 546f d of a line. To\n-00020da0: 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6564 6974 6564 boot the edited\n-00020db0: 2065 6e74 7279 2c0a 7072 6573 7320 3c43 entry,.press ... Alth\n-00020dd0: 6f75 6768 2047 5255 4220 756e 666f 7274 ough GRUB unfort\n-00020de0: 756e 6174 656c 7920 646f 6573 206e 6f74 unately does not\n-00020df0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2022 756e 646f 222c support \"undo\",\n-00020e00: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2064 6f0a 616c 6d6f you can do.almo\n-00020e10: 7374 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7468 696e st the same thin\n-00020e20: 6720 6279 206a 7573 7420 7265 7475 726e g by just return\n-00020e30: 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 206d 6169 6e20 ing to the main \n-00020e40: 6d65 6e75 2075 7369 6e67 203c 4553 433e menu using \n-00020e50: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00020e60: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6e76 info, Node: Env\n-00020e70: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a ironment, Next:\n-00020e80: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 Commands, Prev\n-00020e90: 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 : Interface, Up\n-00020ea0: 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3520 4752 5542 2065 : Top..15 GRUB e\n-00020eb0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00020ec0: 626c 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a bles.***********\n+0001ffd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2063 =========..The c\n+0001ffe0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 ommand-line inte\n+0001fff0: 7266 6163 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 rface provides a\n+00020000: 2070 726f 6d70 7420 616e 6420 6166 7465 prompt and afte\n+00020010: 7220 6974 2061 6e20 6564 6974 6162 6c65 r it an editable\n+00020020: 0a74 6578 7420 6172 6561 206d 7563 6820 .text area much \n+00020030: 6c69 6b65 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c like a command-l\n+00020040: 696e 6520 696e 2055 6e69 7820 6f72 2044 ine in Unix or D\n+00020050: 4f53 2e20 4561 6368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 OS. Each command\n+00020060: 2069 730a 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 7920 is.immediately \n+00020070: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 6674 6572 2069 executed after i\n+00020080: 7420 6973 2065 6e74 6572 6564 2831 2920 t is entered(1) \n+00020090: 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c (*note Command-l\n+000200a0: 696e 650a 696e 7465 7266 6163 652d 466f ine.interface-Fo\n+000200b0: 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 otnote-1::). Th\n+000200c0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 e commands (*not\n+000200d0: 6520 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 e Command-line a\n+000200e0: 6e64 206d 656e 750a 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu.entry co\n+000200f0: 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 2920 6172 6520 6120 mmands::) are a \n+00020100: 7375 6273 6574 206f 6620 7468 6f73 6520 subset of those \n+00020110: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2074 6865 available in the\n+00020120: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 configuration.f\n+00020130: 696c 652c 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 2065 ile, used with e\n+00020140: 7861 6374 6c79 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 xactly the same \n+00020150: 7379 6e74 6178 2e0a 0a20 2020 4375 7273 syntax... Curs\n+00020160: 6f72 206d 6f76 656d 656e 7420 616e 6420 or movement and \n+00020170: 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2074 editing of the t\n+00020180: 6578 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 ext on the line \n+00020190: 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 7669 6120 can be done via \n+000201a0: 610a 7375 6273 6574 206f 6620 7468 6520 a.subset of the \n+000201b0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6176 6169 6c61 functions availa\n+000201c0: 626c 6520 696e 2074 6865 2042 6173 6820 ble in the Bash \n+000201d0: 7368 656c 6c3a 0a0a 3c43 2d66 3e0a 3c50 shell:.... \n+000201f0: 2020 4d6f 7665 2066 6f72 7761 7264 206f Move forward o\n+00020200: 6e65 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2e0a 0a3c ne character...<\n+00020210: 432d 623e 0a3c 5043 206c 6566 7420 6b65 C-b>.. Move bac\n+00020230: 6b20 6f6e 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 722e k one character.\n+00020240: 0a0a 3c43 2d61 3e0a 3c48 4f4d 453e 0a20 .... \n+00020250: 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 2074 6f20 7468 6520 Move to the \n+00020260: 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e start of the lin\n+00020270: 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d65 3e0a 3c45 4e44 3e0a e.....\n+00020280: 2020 2020 204d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 7468 Move the th\n+00020290: 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e e end of the lin\n+000202a0: 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d64 3e0a 3c44 454c 3e0a e.....\n+000202b0: 2020 2020 2044 656c 6574 6520 7468 6520 Delete the \n+000202c0: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 756e 6465 726e character undern\n+000202d0: 6561 7468 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 722e eath the cursor.\n+000202e0: 0a0a 3c43 2d68 3e0a 3c42 533e 0a20 2020 .... \n+000202f0: 2020 4465 6c65 7465 2074 6865 2063 6861 Delete the cha\n+00020300: 7261 6374 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c65 racter to the le\n+00020310: 6674 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 ft of the cursor\n+00020320: 2e0a 0a3c 432d 6b3e 0a20 2020 2020 4b69 .... Ki\n+00020330: 6c6c 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 6672 6f6d ll the text from\n+00020340: 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2063 7572 the current cur\n+00020350: 736f 7220 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 sor position to \n+00020360: 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 the end of the. \n+00020370: 2020 2020 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 753e line...\n+00020380: 0a20 2020 2020 4b69 6c6c 2062 6163 6b77 . Kill backw\n+00020390: 6172 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 7572 ard from the cur\n+000203a0: 736f 7220 746f 2074 6865 2062 6567 696e sor to the begin\n+000203b0: 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 ning of the line\n+000203c0: 2e0a 0a3c 432d 793e 0a20 2020 2020 5961 .... Ya\n+000203d0: 6e6b 2074 6865 206b 696c 6c65 6420 7465 nk the killed te\n+000203e0: 7874 2062 6163 6b20 696e 746f 2074 6865 xt back into the\n+000203f0: 2062 7566 6665 7220 6174 2074 6865 2063 buffer at the c\n+00020400: 7572 736f 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d70 3e0a 3c50 ursor..... 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Move \n+00020460: 646f 776e 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6865 down through the\n+00020470: 2068 6973 746f 7279 206c 6973 742e 0a0a history list...\n+00020480: 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7479 7069 6e67 2063 When typing c\n+00020490: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 7465 7261 6374 ommands interact\n+000204a0: 6976 656c 792c 2069 6620 7468 6520 6375 ively, if the cu\n+000204b0: 7273 6f72 2069 7320 7769 7468 696e 206f rsor is within o\n+000204c0: 7220 6265 666f 7265 0a74 6865 2066 6972 r before.the fir\n+000204d0: 7374 2077 6f72 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 st word in the c\n+000204e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652c 2070 7265 ommand-line, pre\n+000204f0: 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 3c54 4142 3e20 ssing the \n+00020500: 6b65 7920 286f 7220 3c43 2d69 3e29 0a77 key (or ).w\n+00020510: 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 6120 6c69 ill display a li\n+00020520: 7374 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2061 7661 sting of the ava\n+00020530: 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c ilable commands,\n+00020540: 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7468 6520 6375 7273 and if the curs\n+00020550: 6f72 2069 730a 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 or is.after the \n+00020560: 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 2c20 7468 6520 first word, the \n+00020570: 273c 5441 423e 2720 7769 6c6c 2070 726f '' will pro\n+00020580: 7669 6465 2061 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f vide a completio\n+00020590: 6e20 6c69 7374 696e 6720 6f66 0a64 6973 n listing of.dis\n+000205a0: 6b73 2c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2c20 ks, partitions, \n+000205b0: 616e 6420 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2064 and file names d\n+000205c0: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 6520 epending on the \n+000205d0: 636f 6e74 6578 742e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 context. Note t\n+000205e0: 6861 740a 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 6120 hat.to obtain a \n+000205f0: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6472 6976 6573 2c20 list of drives, \n+00020600: 6f6e 6520 6d75 7374 206f 7065 6e20 6120 one must open a \n+00020610: 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7369 732c 2061 7320 parenthesis, as \n+00020620: 2772 6f6f 7420 2827 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 'root ('... No\n+00020630: 7465 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e6e te that you cann\n+00020640: 6f74 2075 7365 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706c ot use the compl\n+00020650: 6574 696f 6e20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c etion functional\n+00020660: 6974 7920 696e 2074 6865 2054 4654 500a ity in the TFTP.\n+00020670: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2054 6869 filesystem. Thi\n+00020680: 7320 6973 2062 6563 6175 7365 2054 4654 s is because TFT\n+00020690: 5020 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 P doesn't suppor\n+000206a0: 7420 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6c69 7374 t file name list\n+000206b0: 696e 6720 666f 720a 7468 6520 7365 6375 ing for.the secu\n+000206c0: 7269 7479 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rity.....File: g\n+000206d0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000206e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e Command-line in\n+000206f0: 7465 7266 6163 652d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 terface-Footnote\n+00020700: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d s, Up: Command-\n+00020710: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a line interface..\n+00020720: 2020 2028 3129 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 (1) However, \n+00020730: 7468 6973 2062 6568 6176 696f 7220 7769 this behavior wi\n+00020740: 6c6c 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 6420 696e ll be changed in\n+00020750: 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 6520 7665 7273 the future vers\n+00020760: 696f 6e2c 2069 6e0a 6120 7573 6572 2d69 ion, in.a user-i\n+00020770: 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2077 6179 2e0a 0a1f nvisible way....\n+00020780: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00020790: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 656e 7520 696e , Node: Menu in\n+000207a0: 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 terface, Next: \n+000207b0: 4d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2065 6469 746f Menu entry edito\n+000207c0: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e r, Prev: Comman\n+000207d0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line interface\n+000207e0: 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 , Up: Interface\n+000207f0: 0a0a 3134 2e32 2054 6865 2073 696d 706c ..14.2 The simpl\n+00020800: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 e menu interface\n+00020810: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00020820: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00020830: 0a54 6865 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 .The menu interf\n+00020840: 6163 6520 6973 2071 7569 7465 2065 6173 ace is quite eas\n+00020850: 7920 746f 2075 7365 2e20 2049 7473 2063 y to use. Its c\n+00020860: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 626f 7468 ommands are both\n+00020870: 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c 7920 696e 7475 .reasonably intu\n+00020880: 6974 6976 6520 616e 6420 6465 7363 7269 itive and descri\n+00020890: 6265 6420 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a bed on screen...\n+000208a0: 2020 2042 6173 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 Basically, th\n+000208b0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 e menu interface\n+000208c0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 6c69 7374 provides a list\n+000208d0: 206f 6620 2262 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 6965 of \"boot entrie\n+000208e0: 7322 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 7573 6572 2074 s\" to.the user t\n+000208f0: 6f20 6368 6f6f 7365 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 o choose from. \n+00020900: 5573 6520 7468 6520 6172 726f 7720 6b65 Use the arrow ke\n+00020910: 7973 2074 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 ys to select the\n+00020920: 2065 6e74 7279 206f 660a 6368 6f69 6365 entry of.choice\n+00020930: 2c20 7468 656e 2070 7265 7373 203c 5245 , then press to run it. 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to.en\n+00020b60: 7465 7220 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 ter the password\n+00020b70: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00020b80: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 656e info, Node: Men\n+00020b90: 7520 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 2c20 u entry editor, \n+00020ba0: 2050 7265 763a 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 Prev: Menu inte\n+00020bb0: 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7465 rface, Up: Inte\n+00020bc0: 7266 6163 650a 0a31 342e 3320 4564 6974 rface..14.3 Edit\n+00020bd0: 696e 6720 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 ing a menu entry\n+00020be0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00020bf0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+00020c00: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2065 6469 746f menu entry edito\n+00020c10: 7220 6c6f 6f6b 7320 6d75 6368 206c 696b r looks much lik\n+00020c20: 6520 7468 6520 6d61 696e 206d 656e 7520 e the main menu \n+00020c30: 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2062 7574 2074 interface, but t\n+00020c40: 6865 0a6c 696e 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 he.lines in the \n+00020c50: 6d65 6e75 2061 7265 2069 6e64 6976 6964 menu are individ\n+00020c60: 7561 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e20 ual commands in \n+00020c70: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2065 6e74 the selected ent\n+00020c80: 7279 2069 6e73 7465 6164 0a6f 6620 656e ry instead.of en\n+00020c90: 7472 7920 6e61 6d65 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 try names... 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Each \n+00020d30: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 line in the menu\n+00020d40: 2065 6e74 7279 2063 616e 2062 6520 6564 entry can be ed\n+00020d50: 6974 6564 2066 7265 656c 792c 2061 6e64 ited freely, and\n+00020d60: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6464 206e 6577 you can add new\n+00020d70: 0a6c 696e 6573 2062 7920 7072 6573 7369 .lines by pressi\n+00020d80: 6e67 203c 5245 543e 2061 7420 7468 6520 ng at the \n+00020d90: 656e 6420 6f66 2061 206c 696e 652e 2020 end of a line. \n+00020da0: 546f 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6564 6974 To boot the edit\n+00020db0: 6564 2065 6e74 7279 2c0a 7072 6573 7320 ed entry,.press \n+00020dc0: 3c43 7472 6c2d 783e 2e0a 0a20 2020 416c ... 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They may \n-00020fe0: 6265 2073 6574 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 be set (*note se\n-00020ff0: 743a 3a29 2c20 756e 7365 740a 282a 6e6f t::), unset.(*no\n-00021000: 7465 2075 6e73 6574 3a3a 292c 206f 7220 te unset::), or \n-00021010: 6c6f 6f6b 6564 2075 7020 282a 6e6f 7465 looked up (*note\n-00021020: 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 Shell-like scri\n-00021030: 7074 696e 673a 3a29 2062 7920 6e61 6d65 pting::) by name\n-00021040: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 6e75 6d62 6572 206f ... A number o\n-00021050: 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 f environment va\n-00021060: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6861 7665 2073 7065 riables have spe\n-00021070: 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 7320 746f cial meanings to\n-00021080: 2076 6172 696f 7573 0a70 6172 7473 206f various.parts o\n-00021090: 6620 4752 5542 2e20 4f74 6865 7273 206d f GRUB. Others m\n-000210a0: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2066 7265 656c ay be used freel\n-000210b0: 7920 696e 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 y in GRUB config\n-000210c0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e 0a0a uration files...\n-000210d0: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2053 7065 6369 * Menu:..* Speci\n-000210e0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-000210f0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 3a3a 0a2a 2045 6e76 ariables::.* Env\n-00021100: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a ironment block::\n-00021110: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00021120: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5370 6563 nfo, Node: Spec\n-00021130: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00021140: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2020 4e65 7874 variables, Next\n-00021150: 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c : Environment bl\n-00021160: 6f63 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 456e 7669 726f ock, Up: Enviro\n-00021170: 6e6d 656e 740a 0a31 352e 3120 5370 6563 nment..15.1 Spec\n-00021180: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00021190: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d variables.======\n+00020ee0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f ****..GRUB suppo\n+00020ef0: 7274 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 rts environment \n+00020f00: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7768 6963 6820 variables which \n+00020f10: 6172 6520 7261 7468 6572 206c 696b 6520 are rather like \n+00020f20: 7468 6f73 6520 6f66 6665 7265 640a 6279 those offered.by\n+00020f30: 2061 6c6c 2055 6e69 782d 6c69 6b65 2073 all Unix-like s\n+00020f40: 7973 7465 6d73 2e20 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e ystems. Environ\n+00020f50: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2068 ment variables h\n+00020f60: 6176 6520 6120 6e61 6d65 2c20 7768 6963 ave a name, whic\n+00020f70: 6820 6973 0a75 6e69 7175 6520 616e 6420 h is.unique and \n+00020f80: 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2061 2073 686f is usually a sho\n+00020f90: 7274 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 722c 2061 rt identifier, a\n+00020fa0: 6e64 2061 2076 616c 7565 2c20 7768 6963 nd a value, whic\n+00020fb0: 6820 6973 2061 6e0a 6172 6269 7472 6172 h is an.arbitrar\n+00020fc0: 7920 7374 7269 6e67 206f 6620 6368 6172 y string of char\n+00020fd0: 6163 7465 7273 2e20 2054 6865 7920 6d61 acters. They ma\n+00020fe0: 7920 6265 2073 6574 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 y be set (*note \n+00020ff0: 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 756e 7365 740a 282a set::), unset.(*\n+00021000: 6e6f 7465 2075 6e73 6574 3a3a 292c 206f note unset::), o\n+00021010: 7220 6c6f 6f6b 6564 2075 7020 282a 6e6f r looked up (*no\n+00021020: 7465 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 te Shell-like sc\n+00021030: 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a29 2062 7920 6e61 ripting::) by na\n+00021040: 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 6e75 6d62 6572 me... A number\n+00021050: 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 of environment \n+00021060: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6861 7665 2073 variables have s\n+00021070: 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 7320 pecial meanings \n+00021080: 746f 2076 6172 696f 7573 0a70 6172 7473 to various.parts\n+00021090: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 4f74 6865 7273 of GRUB. Others\n+000210a0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2066 7265 may be used fre\n+000210b0: 656c 7920 696e 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 ely in GRUB conf\n+000210c0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e iguration files.\n+000210d0: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2053 7065 ..* Menu:..* Spe\n+000210e0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+000210f0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 3a3a 0a2a 2045 variables::.* E\n+00021100: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+00021110: 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ::....File: grub\n+00021120: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5370 .info, Node: Sp\n+00021130: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00021140: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2020 4e65 t variables, Ne\n+00021150: 7874 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 xt: Environment \n+00021160: 626c 6f63 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 456e 7669 block, Up: Envi\n+00021170: 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 0a31 352e 3120 5370 ronment..15.1 Sp\n+00021180: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00021190: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 3d3d 3d3d t variables.====\n 000211a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000211b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-000211c0: 6573 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6861 ese variables ha\n-000211d0: 7665 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 ve special meani\n-000211e0: 6e67 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a2a 204d ng to GRUB...* M\n-000211f0: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6269 6f73 6e75 6d3a enu:..* biosnum:\n-00021200: 3a0a 2a20 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 :.* check_signat\n-00021210: 7572 6573 3a3a 0a2a 2063 686f 7365 6e3a ures::.* chosen:\n-00021220: 3a0a 2a20 636d 6470 6174 683a 3a0a 2a20 :.* cmdpath::.* \n-00021230: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 743a color_highlight:\n-00021240: 3a0a 2a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c :.* color_normal\n-00021250: 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 ::.* config_dire\n-00021260: 6374 6f72 793a 3a0a 2a20 636f 6e66 6967 ctory::.* config\n-00021270: 5f66 696c 653a 3a0a 2a20 6465 6275 673a _file::.* debug:\n-00021280: 3a0a 2a20 6465 6661 756c 743a 3a0a 2a20 :.* default::.* \n-00021290: 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 3a3a 0a2a 2067 6678 fallback::.* gfx\n-000212a0: 6d6f 6465 3a3a 0a2a 2067 6678 7061 796c mode::.* gfxpayl\n-000212b0: 6f61 643a 3a0a 2a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f oad::.* gfxterm_\n-000212c0: 666f 6e74 3a3a 0a2a 2067 7275 625f 6370 font::.* grub_cp\n-000212d0: 753a 3a0a 2a20 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 u::.* grub_platf\n-000212e0: 6f72 6d3a 3a0a 2a20 6963 6f6e 6469 723a orm::.* icondir:\n-000212f0: 3a0a 2a20 6c61 6e67 3a3a 0a2a 206c 6f63 :.* lang::.* loc\n-00021300: 616c 655f 6469 723a 3a0a 2a20 6d65 6e75 ale_dir::.* menu\n-00021310: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 _color_highlight\n-00021320: 3a3a 0a2a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f ::.* menu_color_\n-00021330: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c normal::.* net_<\n-00021340: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f 745f INTERFACE>_boot_\n-00021350: 6669 6c65 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e file::.* net__dhcp_se\n-00021370: 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 653a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 rver_name::.* ne\n-00021380: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 646f t__do\n-00021390: 6d61 696e 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e main::.* net__extensi\n-000213b0: 6f6e 7370 6174 683a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f onspath::.* net_\n-000213c0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f 7374 _host\n-000213d0: 6e61 6d65 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e name::.* net__ip::.* \n-000213f0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00021400: 6d61 633a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 mac::.* net__next_ser\n-00021420: 7665 723a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ver::.* net__rootpath\n-00021440: 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ::.* net_default\n-00021450: 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 0a2a 206e _interface::.* n\n-00021460: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 703a 3a0a et_default_ip::.\n-00021470: 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 * net_default_ma\n-00021480: 633a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c c::.* net_defaul\n-00021490: 745f 7365 7276 6572 3a3a 0a2a 2070 6167 t_server::.* pag\n-000214a0: 6572 3a3a 0a2a 2070 7265 6669 783a 3a0a er::.* prefix::.\n-000214b0: 2a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 653a 3a0a * pxe_blksize::.\n-000214c0: 2a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 * pxe_default_ga\n-000214d0: 7465 7761 793a 3a0a 2a20 7078 655f 6465 teway::.* pxe_de\n-000214e0: 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 3a3a 0a2a fault_server::.*\n-000214f0: 2072 6f6f 743a 3a0a 2a20 7375 7065 7275 root::.* superu\n-00021500: 7365 7273 3a3a 0a2a 2074 6865 6d65 3a3a sers::.* theme::\n-00021510: 0a2a 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a 0a2a 2074 .* timeout::.* t\n-00021520: 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 3a3a 0a0a imeout_style::..\n-00021530: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00021540: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6269 6f73 6e75 o, Node: biosnu\n-00021550: 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6368 6563 6b5f m, Next: check_\n-00021560: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a signatures, Up:\n-00021570: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00021580: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00021590: 3135 2e31 2e31 2062 696f 736e 756d 0a2d 15.1.1 biosnum.-\n-000215a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a57 -------------..W\n-000215b0: 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e hen chain-loadin\n-000215c0: 6720 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 206c g another boot l\n-000215d0: 6f61 6465 7220 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6861 oader (*note Cha\n-000215e0: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 3a3a 292c 2047 in-loading::), G\n-000215f0: 5255 4220 6d61 790a 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 RUB may.need to \n-00021600: 6b6e 6f77 2077 6861 7420 4249 4f53 2064 know what BIOS d\n-00021610: 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 7220 636f 7272 rive number corr\n-00021620: 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 2072 esponds to the r\n-00021630: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 0a28 2a6e 6f74 oot device.(*not\n-00021640: 6520 726f 6f74 3a3a 2920 736f 2074 6861 e root::) so tha\n-00021650: 7420 6974 2063 616e 2073 6574 2075 7020 t it can set up \n-00021660: 7265 6769 7374 6572 7320 7072 6f70 6572 registers proper\n-00021670: 6c79 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 4249 4f53 ly. If the BIOS\n-00021680: 4e55 4d0a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 NUM.variable is \n-00021690: 7365 742c 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 6465 set, it override\n-000216a0: 7320 4752 5542 2773 206f 776e 206d 6561 s GRUB's own mea\n-000216b0: 6e73 206f 6620 6775 6573 7369 6e67 2074 ns of guessing t\n-000216c0: 6869 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2061 6e20 his... For an \n-000216d0: 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 6520 6170 7072 alternative appr\n-000216e0: 6f61 6368 2077 6869 6368 2061 6c73 6f20 oach which also \n-000216f0: 6368 616e 6765 7320 4249 4f53 2064 7269 changes BIOS dri\n-00021700: 7665 206d 6170 7069 6e67 730a 666f 7220 ve mappings.for \n-00021710: 7468 6520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6564 the chain-loaded\n-00021720: 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 system, *note d\n-00021730: 7269 7665 6d61 703a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 rivemap::.....Fi\n-00021740: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00021750: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e Node: check_sign\n-00021760: 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 atures, Next: c\n-00021770: 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6269 hosen, Prev: bi\n-00021780: 6f73 6e75 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 osnum, Up: Spec\n-00021790: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-000217a0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-000217b0: 3220 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 2 check_signatur\n-000217c0: 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d es.-------------\n-000217d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 ----------..This\n-000217e0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 726f variable contro\n-000217f0: 6c73 2077 6865 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 ls whether GRUB \n-00021800: 656e 666f 7263 6573 2064 6967 6974 616c enforces digital\n-00021810: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 0a76 616c 6964 signature.valid\n-00021820: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 ation on loaded \n-00021830: 6669 6c65 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 files. *Note Us\n-00021840: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital sign\n-00021850: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c atures::.....Fil\n-00021860: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00021870: 6f64 653a 2063 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 4e65 ode: chosen, Ne\n-00021880: 7874 3a20 636d 6470 6174 682c 2020 5072 xt: cmdpath, Pr\n-00021890: 6576 3a20 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ev: check_signat\n-000218a0: 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 ures, Up: Speci\n-000218b0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-000218c0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 ariables..15.1.3\n-000218d0: 2063 686f 7365 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d chosen.--------\n-000218e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a57 6865 6e20 6578 6563 -----..When exec\n-000218f0: 7574 696e 6720 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 uting a menu ent\n-00021900: 7279 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 7320 7468 ry, GRUB sets th\n-00021910: 6520 4348 4f53 454e 2076 6172 6961 626c e CHOSEN variabl\n-00021920: 6520 746f 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 0a6f e to the title.o\n-00021930: 6620 7468 6520 656e 7472 7920 6265 696e f the entry bein\n-00021940: 6720 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 g executed... \n-00021950: 4966 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 If the menu entr\n-00021960: 7920 6973 2069 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d y is in one or m\n-00021970: 6f72 6520 7375 626d 656e 7573 2c20 7468 ore submenus, th\n-00021980: 656e 2043 484f 5345 4e20 6973 2073 6574 en CHOSEN is set\n-00021990: 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 7469 746c 6573 206f to.the titles o\n-000219a0: 6620 6561 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 7375 f each of the su\n-000219b0: 626d 656e 7573 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 bmenus starting \n-000219c0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206c 6576 from the top lev\n-000219d0: 656c 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 640a 6279 2074 el followed.by t\n-000219e0: 6865 2074 6974 6c65 206f 6620 7468 6520 he title of the \n-000219f0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7473 656c menu entry itsel\n-00021a00: 662c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 f, separated by \n-00021a10: 273e 272e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 '>'.....File: gr\n-00021a20: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00021a30: 636d 6470 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 cmdpath, Next: \n-00021a40: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c color_highlight,\n-00021a50: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 Prev: chosen, \n-00021a60: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00021a70: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00021a80: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 2063 6d64 7061 es..15.1.4 cmdpa\n-00021a90: 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d th.-------------\n-00021aa0: 2d0a 0a54 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 -..The location \n-00021ab0: 6672 6f6d 2077 6869 6368 2027 636f 7265 from which 'core\n-00021ac0: 2e69 6d67 2720 7761 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 .img' was loaded\n-00021ad0: 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 as an absolute \n-00021ae0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 6e61 6d65 2028 directory.name (\n-00021af0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 *note File name \n-00021b00: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 syntax::). This\n-00021b10: 2069 7320 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 is set by GRUB \n-00021b20: 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 6173 6564 at startup based\n-00021b30: 0a6f 6e20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 .on information \n-00021b40: 7265 7475 726e 6564 2062 7920 706c 6174 returned by plat\n-00021b50: 666f 726d 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 form firmware. \n-00021b60: 4e6f 7420 6576 6572 7920 706c 6174 666f Not every platfo\n-00021b70: 726d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 7320 7468 6973 rm.provides this\n-00021b80: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 information and\n-00021b90: 2073 6f6d 6520 6d61 7920 7265 7475 726e some may return\n-00021ba0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6465 7669 6365 2077 6974 only device wit\n-00021bb0: 686f 7574 2070 6174 680a 6e61 6d65 2e0a hout path.name..\n-00021bc0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00021bd0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6c 6f72 fo, Node: color\n-00021be0: 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 204e 6578 _highlight, Nex\n-00021bf0: 743a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c t: color_normal,\n-00021c00: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6470 6174 682c Prev: cmdpath,\n-00021c10: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00021c20: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00021c30: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3520 636f 6c6f les..15.1.5 colo\n-00021c40: 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 740a 2d2d 2d2d r_highlight.----\n+000211b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+000211c0: 5468 6573 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 These variables \n+000211d0: 6861 7665 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 have special mea\n+000211e0: 6e69 6e67 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a2a ning to GRUB...*\n+000211f0: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6269 6f73 6e75 Menu:..* biosnu\n+00021200: 6d3a 3a0a 2a20 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e m::.* check_sign\n+00021210: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 0a2a 2063 686f 7365 atures::.* chose\n+00021220: 6e3a 3a0a 2a20 636d 6470 6174 683a 3a0a n::.* cmdpath::.\n+00021230: 2a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 * color_highligh\n+00021240: 743a 3a0a 2a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d t::.* color_norm\n+00021250: 616c 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 al::.* config_di\n+00021260: 7265 6374 6f72 793a 3a0a 2a20 636f 6e66 rectory::.* conf\n+00021270: 6967 5f66 696c 653a 3a0a 2a20 6465 6275 ig_file::.* debu\n+00021280: 673a 3a0a 2a20 6465 6661 756c 743a 3a0a g::.* default::.\n+00021290: 2a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 3a3a 0a2a 2067 * fallback::.* g\n+000212a0: 6678 6d6f 6465 3a3a 0a2a 2067 6678 7061 fxmode::.* gfxpa\n+000212b0: 796c 6f61 643a 3a0a 2a20 6766 7874 6572 yload::.* gfxter\n+000212c0: 6d5f 666f 6e74 3a3a 0a2a 2067 7275 625f m_font::.* grub_\n+000212d0: 6370 753a 3a0a 2a20 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 cpu::.* grub_pla\n+000212e0: 7466 6f72 6d3a 3a0a 2a20 6963 6f6e 6469 tform::.* icondi\n+000212f0: 723a 3a0a 2a20 6c61 6e67 3a3a 0a2a 206c r::.* lang::.* l\n+00021300: 6f63 616c 655f 6469 723a 3a0a 2a20 6d65 ocale_dir::.* me\n+00021310: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 nu_color_highlig\n+00021320: 6874 3a3a 0a2a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f ht::.* menu_colo\n+00021330: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 r_normal::.* net\n+00021340: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f __boo\n+00021350: 745f 6669 6c65 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c t_file::.* net_<\n+00021360: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6863 705f INTERFACE>_dhcp_\n+00021370: 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 653a 3a0a 2a20 server_name::.* \n+00021380: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00021390: 646f 6d61 696e 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c domain::.* net_<\n+000213a0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 656e INTERFACE>_exten\n+000213b0: 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 683a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 sionspath::.* ne\n+000213c0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f t__ho\n+000213d0: 7374 6e61 6d65 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f3c stname::.* net_<\n+000213e0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f69 703a 3a0a INTERFACE>_ip::.\n+000213f0: 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 * net__mac::.* net__next_s\n+00021420: 6572 7665 723a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 3c49 erver::.* net__rootpa\n+00021440: 7468 3a3a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 th::.* net_defau\n+00021450: 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 0a2a lt_interface::.*\n+00021460: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 703a net_default_ip:\n+00021470: 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f :.* net_default_\n+00021480: 6d61 633a 3a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 mac::.* net_defa\n+00021490: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 3a3a 0a2a 2070 ult_server::.* p\n+000214a0: 6167 6572 3a3a 0a2a 2070 7265 6669 783a ager::.* prefix:\n+000214b0: 3a0a 2a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 653a :.* pxe_blksize:\n+000214c0: 3a0a 2a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f :.* pxe_default_\n+000214d0: 6761 7465 7761 793a 3a0a 2a20 7078 655f gateway::.* pxe_\n+000214e0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 3a3a default_server::\n+000214f0: 0a2a 2072 6f6f 743a 3a0a 2a20 7375 7065 .* root::.* supe\n+00021500: 7275 7365 7273 3a3a 0a2a 2074 6865 6d65 rusers::.* theme\n+00021510: 3a3a 0a2a 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a 0a2a ::.* timeout::.*\n+00021520: 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 3a3a timeout_style::\n+00021530: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00021540: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6269 6f73 nfo, Node: bios\n+00021550: 6e75 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6368 6563 num, Next: chec\n+00021560: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 k_signatures, U\n+00021570: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00021580: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00021590: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 2062 696f 736e 756d ..15.1.1 biosnum\n+000215a0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n+000215b0: 0a57 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 .When chain-load\n+000215c0: 696e 6720 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 ing another boot\n+000215d0: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 loader (*note C\n+000215e0: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 3a3a 292c hain-loading::),\n+000215f0: 2047 5255 4220 6d61 790a 6e65 6564 2074 GRUB may.need t\n+00021600: 6f20 6b6e 6f77 2077 6861 7420 4249 4f53 o know what BIOS\n+00021610: 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 7220 636f drive number co\n+00021620: 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 rresponds to the\n+00021630: 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 0a28 2a6e root device.(*n\n+00021640: 6f74 6520 726f 6f74 3a3a 2920 736f 2074 ote root::) so t\n+00021650: 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e 2073 6574 2075 hat it can set u\n+00021660: 7020 7265 6769 7374 6572 7320 7072 6f70 p registers prop\n+00021670: 6572 6c79 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 4249 erly. If the BI\n+00021680: 4f53 4e55 4d0a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 OSNUM.variable i\n+00021690: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 s set, it overri\n+000216a0: 6465 7320 4752 5542 2773 206f 776e 206d des GRUB's own m\n+000216b0: 6561 6e73 206f 6620 6775 6573 7369 6e67 eans of guessing\n+000216c0: 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2061 this... For a\n+000216d0: 6e20 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 6520 6170 n alternative ap\n+000216e0: 7072 6f61 6368 2077 6869 6368 2061 6c73 proach which als\n+000216f0: 6f20 6368 616e 6765 7320 4249 4f53 2064 o changes BIOS d\n+00021700: 7269 7665 206d 6170 7069 6e67 730a 666f rive mappings.fo\n+00021710: 7220 7468 6520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 r the chain-load\n+00021720: 6564 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 202a 6e6f 7465 ed system, *note\n+00021730: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 703a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a drivemap::.....\n+00021740: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00021750: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 Node: check_si\n+00021760: 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a gnatures, Next:\n+00021770: 2063 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 chosen, Prev: \n+00021780: 6269 6f73 6e75 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 biosnum, Up: Sp\n+00021790: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+000217a0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+000217b0: 312e 3220 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 1.2 check_signat\n+000217c0: 7572 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ures.-----------\n+000217d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+000217e0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 is variable cont\n+000217f0: 726f 6c73 2077 6865 7468 6572 2047 5255 rols whether GRU\n+00021800: 4220 656e 666f 7263 6573 2064 6967 6974 B enforces digit\n+00021810: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 0a76 616c al signature.val\n+00021820: 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 206c 6f61 6465 idation on loade\n+00021830: 6420 6669 6c65 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 d files. *Note \n+00021840: 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 Using digital si\n+00021850: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 gnatures::.....F\n+00021860: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00021870: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 Node: chosen, \n+00021880: 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6470 6174 682c 2020 Next: cmdpath, \n+00021890: 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e Prev: check_sign\n+000218a0: 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 atures, Up: Spe\n+000218b0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+000218c0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+000218d0: 2e33 2063 686f 7365 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .3 chosen.------\n+000218e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a57 6865 6e20 6578 -------..When ex\n+000218f0: 6563 7574 696e 6720 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 ecuting a menu e\n+00021900: 6e74 7279 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 7320 ntry, GRUB sets \n+00021910: 7468 6520 4348 4f53 454e 2076 6172 6961 the CHOSEN varia\n+00021920: 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 ble to the title\n+00021930: 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 656e 7472 7920 6265 .of the entry be\n+00021940: 696e 6720 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a20 ing executed... \n+00021950: 2020 4966 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e If the menu en\n+00021960: 7472 7920 6973 2069 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f72 try is in one or\n+00021970: 206d 6f72 6520 7375 626d 656e 7573 2c20 more submenus, \n+00021980: 7468 656e 2043 484f 5345 4e20 6973 2073 then CHOSEN is s\n+00021990: 6574 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 7469 746c 6573 et to.the titles\n+000219a0: 206f 6620 6561 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 of each of the \n+000219b0: 7375 626d 656e 7573 2073 7461 7274 696e submenus startin\n+000219c0: 6720 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206c g from the top l\n+000219d0: 6576 656c 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 640a 6279 evel followed.by\n+000219e0: 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 206f 6620 7468 the title of th\n+000219f0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7473 e menu entry its\n+00021a00: 656c 662c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 elf, separated b\n+00021a10: 7920 273e 272e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 y '>'.....File: \n+00021a20: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00021a30: 3a20 636d 6470 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 : cmdpath, Next\n+00021a40: 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 : color_highligh\n+00021a50: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6f73 656e t, Prev: chosen\n+00021a60: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00021a70: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00021a80: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 2063 6d64 bles..15.1.4 cmd\n+00021a90: 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d path.-----------\n+00021aa0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f ---..The locatio\n+00021ab0: 6e20 6672 6f6d 2077 6869 6368 2027 636f n from which 'co\n+00021ac0: 7265 2e69 6d67 2720 7761 7320 6c6f 6164 re.img' was load\n+00021ad0: 6564 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 ed as an absolut\n+00021ae0: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 6e61 6d65 e directory.name\n+00021af0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d (*note File nam\n+00021b00: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 e syntax::). Th\n+00021b10: 6973 2069 7320 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 is is set by GRU\n+00021b20: 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 6173 B at startup bas\n+00021b30: 6564 0a6f 6e20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f ed.on informatio\n+00021b40: 6e20 7265 7475 726e 6564 2062 7920 706c n returned by pl\n+00021b50: 6174 666f 726d 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e atform firmware.\n+00021b60: 2020 4e6f 7420 6576 6572 7920 706c 6174 Not every plat\n+00021b70: 666f 726d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 7320 7468 form.provides th\n+00021b80: 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 is information a\n+00021b90: 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6d61 7920 7265 7475 nd some may retu\n+00021ba0: 726e 206f 6e6c 7920 6465 7669 6365 2077 rn only device w\n+00021bb0: 6974 686f 7574 2070 6174 680a 6e61 6d65 ithout path.name\n+00021bc0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00021bd0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6c info, Node: col\n+00021be0: 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 204e or_highlight, N\n+00021bf0: 6578 743a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 ext: color_norma\n+00021c00: 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6470 6174 l, Prev: cmdpat\n+00021c10: 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 h, Up: Special \n+00021c20: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00021c30: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3520 636f ables..15.1.5 co\n+00021c40: 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 740a 2d2d lor_highlight.--\n 00021c50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00021c60: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c --..This variabl\n-00021c70: 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2022 e contains the \"\n-00021c80: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7422 2066 6f72 6567 highlight\" foreg\n-00021c90: 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 round and backgr\n-00021ca0: 6f75 6e64 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 636f ound.terminal co\n-00021cb0: 6c6f 7273 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 lors, separated \n-00021cc0: 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 272f 2729 by a slash ('/')\n-00021cd0: 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 . Setting this \n-00021ce0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a63 6861 6e67 6573 variable.changes\n-00021cf0: 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 those colors. \n-00021d00: 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c For the availabl\n-00021d10: 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 732c 202a e color names, *\n-00021d20: 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 note.color_norma\n-00021d30: 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 l::... The def\n-00021d40: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2762 6c61 636b 2f6c ault is 'black/l\n-00021d50: 6967 6874 2d67 7261 7927 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ight-gray'.....F\n-00021d60: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00021d70: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 Node: color_nor\n-00021d80: 6d61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6e66 mal, Next: conf\n-00021d90: 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 2050 ig_directory, P\n-00021da0: 7265 763a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c rev: color_highl\n-00021db0: 6967 6874 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 ight, Up: Speci\n-00021dc0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00021dd0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e36 ariables..15.1.6\n-00021de0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d color_normal.--\n+00021c60: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ----..This varia\n+00021c70: 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 ble contains the\n+00021c80: 2022 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7422 2066 6f72 \"highlight\" for\n+00021c90: 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b eground and back\n+00021ca0: 6772 6f75 6e64 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ground.terminal \n+00021cb0: 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 colors, separate\n+00021cc0: 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 272f d by a slash ('/\n+00021cd0: 2729 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 '). Setting thi\n+00021ce0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a63 6861 6e67 s variable.chang\n+00021cf0: 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e es those colors.\n+00021d00: 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 For the availa\n+00021d10: 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 732c ble color names,\n+00021d20: 202a 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 *note.color_nor\n+00021d30: 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 mal::... The d\n+00021d40: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2762 6c61 636b efault is 'black\n+00021d50: 2f6c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 7927 2e0a 0a1f /light-gray'....\n+00021d60: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00021d70: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e , Node: color_n\n+00021d80: 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f ormal, Next: co\n+00021d90: 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 nfig_directory, \n+00021da0: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 Prev: color_hig\n+00021db0: 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 hlight, Up: Spe\n+00021dc0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00021dd0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00021de0: 2e36 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c0a .6 color_normal.\n 00021df0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00021e00: 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 -..This variable\n-00021e10: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 226e contains the \"n\n-00021e20: 6f72 6d61 6c22 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e ormal\" foregroun\n-00021e30: 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 d and background\n-00021e40: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 636f 6c6f 7273 terminal.colors\n-00021e50: 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 , separated by a\n-00021e60: 2073 6c61 7368 2028 272f 2729 2e20 2053 slash ('/'). S\n-00021e70: 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 etting this vari\n-00021e80: 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f able changes tho\n-00021e90: 7365 0a63 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 4561 6368 se.colors. Each\n-00021ea0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 color must be a\n-00021eb0: 206e 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 name from the f\n-00021ec0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206c 6973 743a 0a0a ollowing list:..\n-00021ed0: 2020 202a 2062 6c61 636b 0a20 2020 2a20 * black. * \n-00021ee0: 626c 7565 0a20 2020 2a20 6772 6565 6e0a blue. * green.\n-00021ef0: 2020 202a 2063 7961 6e0a 2020 202a 2072 * cyan. * r\n-00021f00: 6564 0a20 2020 2a20 6d61 6765 6e74 610a ed. * magenta.\n-00021f10: 2020 202a 2062 726f 776e 0a20 2020 2a20 * brown. * \n-00021f20: 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6179 0a20 2020 2a20 light-gray. * \n-00021f30: 6461 726b 2d67 7261 790a 2020 202a 206c dark-gray. * l\n-00021f40: 6967 6874 2d62 6c75 650a 2020 202a 206c ight-blue. * l\n-00021f50: 6967 6874 2d67 7265 656e 0a20 2020 2a20 ight-green. * \n-00021f60: 6c69 6768 742d 6379 616e 0a20 2020 2a20 light-cyan. * \n-00021f70: 6c69 6768 742d 7265 640a 2020 202a 206c light-red. * l\n-00021f80: 6967 6874 2d6d 6167 656e 7461 0a20 2020 ight-magenta. \n-00021f90: 2a20 7965 6c6c 6f77 0a20 2020 2a20 7768 * yellow. * wh\n-00021fa0: 6974 650a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 ite.. The defa\n-00021fb0: 756c 7420 6973 2027 6c69 6768 742d 6772 ult is 'light-gr\n-00021fc0: 6179 2f62 6c61 636b 272e 0a0a 2020 2054 ay/black'... T\n-00021fd0: 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 he color support\n-00021fe0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2076 6172 6965 7320 support varies \n-00021ff0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 746f from terminal to\n-00022000: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2027 terminal... '\n-00022010: 6d6f 7273 6527 2068 6173 206e 6f20 636f morse' has no co\n-00022020: 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6174 2061 lor support at a\n-00022030: 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 276d 6461 5f74 6578 ll... 'mda_tex\n-00022040: 7427 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 t' color support\n-00022050: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2068 is limited to h\n-00022060: 6967 686c 6967 6874 696e 6720 6279 2062 ighlighting by b\n-00022070: 6c61 636b 2f77 6869 7465 0a72 6576 6572 lack/white.rever\n-00022080: 7361 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2027 636f 6e73 6f6c sal... 'consol\n-00022090: 6527 206f 6e20 4152 432c 2045 4d55 2061 e' on ARC, EMU a\n-000220a0: 6e64 2049 4545 4531 3237 352c 2027 7365 nd IEEE1275, 'se\n-000220b0: 7269 616c 5f2a 2720 616e 6420 2773 706b rial_*' and 'spk\n-000220c0: 6d6f 6465 6d27 2061 7265 0a67 6f76 6572 modem' are.gover\n-000220d0: 6e65 6420 6279 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 ned by terminfo \n-000220e0: 616e 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6f6e 6c79 and support only\n-000220f0: 2038 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 6966 2069 6e20 8 colors if in \n-00022100: 6d6f 6465 7320 2776 7431 3030 2d63 6f6c modes 'vt100-col\n-00022110: 6f72 270a 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 or'.(default for\n-00022120: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 656d 7529 console on emu)\n-00022130: 2c20 2761 7263 2720 2864 6566 6175 6c74 , 'arc' (default\n-00022140: 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 for console on \n-00022150: 4152 4329 2c0a 2769 6565 6531 3237 3527 ARC),.'ieee1275'\n-00022160: 2028 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 636f (default for co\n-00022170: 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2049 4545 4531 3237 nsole on IEEE127\n-00022180: 3529 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 696e 206d 6f64 5). When in mod\n-00022190: 6520 2776 7431 3030 2720 7468 656e 0a74 e 'vt100' then.t\n-000221a0: 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 he color support\n-000221b0: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2068 is limited to h\n-000221c0: 6967 686c 6967 6874 696e 6720 6279 2062 ighlighting by b\n-000221d0: 6c61 636b 2f77 6869 7465 2072 6576 6572 lack/white rever\n-000221e0: 7361 6c2e 0a57 6865 6e20 696e 206d 6f64 sal..When in mod\n-000221f0: 6520 2764 756d 6227 2074 6865 7265 2069 e 'dumb' there i\n-00022200: 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f s no color suppo\n-00022210: 7274 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 6f6e rt... When con\n-00022220: 736f 6c65 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6e6f sole supports no\n-00022230: 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 7468 6973 2073 6574 colors this set\n-00022240: 7469 6e67 2069 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 642e ting is ignored.\n-00022250: 2020 5768 656e 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 When.console s\n-00022260: 7570 706f 7274 7320 3820 636f 6c6f 7273 upports 8 colors\n-00022270: 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 , then the color\n-00022280: 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e s from the secon\n-00022290: 6420 6861 6c66 206f 6620 7468 650a 7072 d half of the.pr\n-000222a0: 6576 696f 7573 206c 6973 7420 6172 6520 evious list are \n-000222b0: 6d61 7070 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 mapped to the ma\n-000222c0: 7463 6869 6e67 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 6f66 tching colors of\n-000222d0: 2066 6972 7374 2068 616c 662e 0a0a 2020 first half... \n-000222e0: 2027 636f 6e73 6f6c 6527 206f 6e20 4546 'console' on EF\n-000222f0: 4920 616e 6420 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2027 I and BIOS and '\n-00022300: 7667 615f 7465 7874 2720 7375 7070 6f72 vga_text' suppor\n-00022310: 7420 616c 6c20 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e t all 16 colors.\n-00022320: 0a0a 2020 2027 6766 7874 6572 6d27 2073 .. 'gfxterm' s\n-00022330: 7570 706f 7274 7320 616c 6c20 3136 2063 upports all 16 c\n-00022340: 6f6c 6f72 7320 616e 6420 776f 756c 6420 olors and would \n-00022350: 6265 2074 6865 6f72 6574 6963 616c 6c79 be theoretically\n-00022360: 0a65 7874 656e 6461 626c 6520 746f 2073 .extendable to s\n-00022370: 7570 706f 7274 2077 686f 6c65 2072 6762 upport whole rgb\n-00022380: 3234 2070 616c 6574 7465 2062 7574 2063 24 palette but c\n-00022390: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 6865 7265 2069 urrently there i\n-000223a0: 7320 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7065 6c6c 696e 6720 s no.compelling \n-000223b0: 7265 6173 6f6e 2074 6f20 676f 2062 6579 reason to go bey\n-000223c0: 6f6e 6420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 ond the current \n-000223d0: 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 16 colors.....Fi\n-000223e0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000223f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 Node: config_dir\n-00022400: 6563 746f 7279 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 ectory, Next: c\n-00022410: 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 onfig_file, Pre\n-00022420: 763a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c v: color_normal,\n-00022430: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00022440: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00022450: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3720 636f 6e66 les..15.1.7 conf\n-00022460: 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a2d 2d2d ig_directory.---\n+00021e00: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ---..This variab\n+00021e10: 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 le contains the \n+00021e20: 226e 6f72 6d61 6c22 2066 6f72 6567 726f \"normal\" foregro\n+00021e30: 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 und and backgrou\n+00021e40: 6e64 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 636f 6c6f nd terminal.colo\n+00021e50: 7273 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 rs, separated by\n+00021e60: 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 272f 2729 2e20 a slash ('/'). \n+00021e70: 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 7661 Setting this va\n+00021e80: 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 riable changes t\n+00021e90: 686f 7365 0a63 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 4561 hose.colors. Ea\n+00021ea0: 6368 2063 6f6c 6f72 206d 7573 7420 6265 ch color must be\n+00021eb0: 2061 206e 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 a name from the\n+00021ec0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206c 6973 743a following list:\n+00021ed0: 0a0a 2020 202a 2062 6c61 636b 0a20 2020 .. * black. \n+00021ee0: 2a20 626c 7565 0a20 2020 2a20 6772 6565 * blue. * gree\n+00021ef0: 6e0a 2020 202a 2063 7961 6e0a 2020 202a n. * cyan. *\n+00021f00: 2072 6564 0a20 2020 2a20 6d61 6765 6e74 red. * magent\n+00021f10: 610a 2020 202a 2062 726f 776e 0a20 2020 a. * brown. \n+00021f20: 2a20 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6179 0a20 2020 * light-gray. \n+00021f30: 2a20 6461 726b 2d67 7261 790a 2020 202a * dark-gray. *\n+00021f40: 206c 6967 6874 2d62 6c75 650a 2020 202a light-blue. *\n+00021f50: 206c 6967 6874 2d67 7265 656e 0a20 2020 light-green. \n+00021f60: 2a20 6c69 6768 742d 6379 616e 0a20 2020 * light-cyan. \n+00021f70: 2a20 6c69 6768 742d 7265 640a 2020 202a * light-red. *\n+00021f80: 206c 6967 6874 2d6d 6167 656e 7461 0a20 light-magenta. \n+00021f90: 2020 2a20 7965 6c6c 6f77 0a20 2020 2a20 * yellow. * \n+00021fa0: 7768 6974 650a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 white.. The de\n+00021fb0: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2027 6c69 6768 742d fault is 'light-\n+00021fc0: 6772 6179 2f62 6c61 636b 272e 0a0a 2020 gray/black'... \n+00021fd0: 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f The color suppo\n+00021fe0: 7274 2073 7570 706f 7274 2076 6172 6965 rt support varie\n+00021ff0: 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 s from terminal \n+00022000: 746f 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 to terminal... \n+00022010: 2027 6d6f 7273 6527 2068 6173 206e 6f20 'morse' has no \n+00022020: 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6174 color support at\n+00022030: 2061 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 276d 6461 5f74 all... 'mda_t\n+00022040: 6578 7427 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f ext' color suppo\n+00022050: 7274 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f rt is limited to\n+00022060: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 696e 6720 6279 highlighting by\n+00022070: 2062 6c61 636b 2f77 6869 7465 0a72 6576 black/white.rev\n+00022080: 6572 7361 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2027 636f 6e73 ersal... 'cons\n+00022090: 6f6c 6527 206f 6e20 4152 432c 2045 4d55 ole' on ARC, EMU\n+000220a0: 2061 6e64 2049 4545 4531 3237 352c 2027 and IEEE1275, '\n+000220b0: 7365 7269 616c 5f2a 2720 616e 6420 2773 serial_*' and 's\n+000220c0: 706b 6d6f 6465 6d27 2061 7265 0a67 6f76 pkmodem' are.gov\n+000220d0: 6572 6e65 6420 6279 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 erned by terminf\n+000220e0: 6f20 616e 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6f6e o and support on\n+000220f0: 6c79 2038 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 6966 2069 ly 8 colors if i\n+00022100: 6e20 6d6f 6465 7320 2776 7431 3030 2d63 n modes 'vt100-c\n+00022110: 6f6c 6f72 270a 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2066 olor'.(default f\n+00022120: 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 656d or console on em\n+00022130: 7529 2c20 2761 7263 2720 2864 6566 6175 u), 'arc' (defau\n+00022140: 6c74 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f lt for console o\n+00022150: 6e20 4152 4329 2c0a 2769 6565 6531 3237 n ARC),.'ieee127\n+00022160: 3527 2028 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 5' (default for \n+00022170: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2049 4545 4531 console on IEEE1\n+00022180: 3237 3529 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 696e 206d 275). When in m\n+00022190: 6f64 6520 2776 7431 3030 2720 7468 656e ode 'vt100' then\n+000221a0: 0a74 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f .the color suppo\n+000221b0: 7274 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f rt is limited to\n+000221c0: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 696e 6720 6279 highlighting by\n+000221d0: 2062 6c61 636b 2f77 6869 7465 2072 6576 black/white rev\n+000221e0: 6572 7361 6c2e 0a57 6865 6e20 696e 206d ersal..When in m\n+000221f0: 6f64 6520 2764 756d 6227 2074 6865 7265 ode 'dumb' there\n+00022200: 2069 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 is no color sup\n+00022210: 706f 7274 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 port... When c\n+00022220: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 onsole supports \n+00022230: 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 7468 6973 2073 no colors this s\n+00022240: 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 etting is ignore\n+00022250: 642e 2020 5768 656e 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 d. When.console\n+00022260: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 3820 636f 6c6f supports 8 colo\n+00022270: 7273 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2063 6f6c rs, then the col\n+00022280: 6f72 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 6563 ors from the sec\n+00022290: 6f6e 6420 6861 6c66 206f 6620 7468 650a ond half of the.\n+000222a0: 7072 6576 696f 7573 206c 6973 7420 6172 previous list ar\n+000222b0: 6520 6d61 7070 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 e mapped to the \n+000222c0: 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 matching colors \n+000222d0: 6f66 2066 6972 7374 2068 616c 662e 0a0a of first half...\n+000222e0: 2020 2027 636f 6e73 6f6c 6527 206f 6e20 'console' on \n+000222f0: 4546 4920 616e 6420 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 EFI and BIOS and\n+00022300: 2027 7667 615f 7465 7874 2720 7375 7070 'vga_text' supp\n+00022310: 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 ort all 16 color\n+00022320: 732e 0a0a 2020 2027 6766 7874 6572 6d27 s... 'gfxterm'\n+00022330: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 616c 6c20 3136 supports all 16\n+00022340: 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 616e 6420 776f 756c colors and woul\n+00022350: 6420 6265 2074 6865 6f72 6574 6963 616c d be theoretical\n+00022360: 6c79 0a65 7874 656e 6461 626c 6520 746f ly.extendable to\n+00022370: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2077 686f 6c65 2072 support whole r\n+00022380: 6762 3234 2070 616c 6574 7465 2062 7574 gb24 palette but\n+00022390: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 6865 7265 currently there\n+000223a0: 2069 7320 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7065 6c6c 696e is no.compellin\n+000223b0: 6720 7265 6173 6f6e 2074 6f20 676f 2062 g reason to go b\n+000223c0: 6579 6f6e 6420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e eyond the curren\n+000223d0: 7420 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 0a0a 1f0a t 16 colors.....\n+000223e0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000223f0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 Node: config_d\n+00022400: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 204e 6578 743a irectory, Next:\n+00022410: 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 2050 config_file, P\n+00022420: 7265 763a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 rev: color_norma\n+00022430: 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 l, Up: Special \n+00022440: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00022450: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3720 636f ables..15.1.7 co\n+00022460: 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a2d nfig_directory.-\n 00022470: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00022480: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ----..This varia\n-00022490: 626c 6520 6973 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 ble is automatic\n-000224a0: 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 ally set by GRUB\n-000224b0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 to the director\n-000224c0: 7920 7061 7274 206f 660a 6375 7272 656e y part of.curren\n-000224d0: 7420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 t configuration \n-000224e0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 file name (*note\n-000224f0: 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 3a3a 292e config_file::).\n-00022500: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00022510: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 nfo, Node: conf\n-00022520: 6967 5f66 696c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ig_file, Next: \n-00022530: 6465 6275 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f debug, Prev: co\n-00022540: 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 nfig_directory, \n-00022550: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00022560: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00022570: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e38 2063 6f6e 6669 es..15.1.8 confi\n-00022580: 675f 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d g_file.---------\n-00022590: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 ---------..This \n-000225a0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6175 746f variable is auto\n-000225b0: 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 matically set by\n-000225c0: 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 206e 616d GRUB to the nam\n-000225d0: 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 e of configurati\n-000225e0: 6f6e 0a66 696c 6520 7468 6174 2069 7320 on.file that is \n-000225f0: 6265 696e 6720 7072 6f63 6573 7365 6420 being processed \n-00022600: 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 2763 6f6e by commands 'con\n-00022610: 6669 6766 696c 6527 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a figfile' (*note.\n-00022620: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a3a 2920 6f72 configfile::) or\n-00022630: 2027 6e6f 726d 616c 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 'normal' (*note\n-00022640: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2049 7420 normal::). It \n-00022650: 6973 2072 6573 746f 7265 6420 746f 2074 is restored to t\n-00022660: 6865 0a70 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7661 6c75 he.previous valu\n-00022670: 6520 7768 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 e when command c\n-00022680: 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ompletes.....Fil\n-00022690: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000226a0: 6f64 653a 2064 6562 7567 2c20 204e 6578 ode: debug, Nex\n-000226b0: 743a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 2050 7265 t: default, Pre\n-000226c0: 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 v: config_file, \n-000226d0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-000226e0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000226f0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e39 2064 6562 7567 es..15.1.9 debug\n-00022700: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 .------------..T\n-00022710: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 his variable may\n-00022720: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2065 6e61 626c be set to enabl\n-00022730: 6520 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 6f75 7470 e debugging outp\n-00022740: 7574 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 730a ut from various.\n-00022750: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 206f 6620 4752 components of GR\n-00022760: 5542 2e20 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 UB. The value is\n-00022770: 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 6562 7567 a list of debug\n-00022780: 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 730a facility names.\n-00022790: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2077 6869 separated by whi\n-000227a0: 7465 7370 6163 6520 6f72 2027 2c27 2c20 tespace or ',', \n-000227b0: 6f72 2027 616c 6c27 2074 6f20 656e 6162 or 'all' to enab\n-000227c0: 6c65 2061 6c6c 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 le all available\n-000227d0: 0a64 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 7075 .debugging outpu\n-000227e0: 742e 2020 5468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7479 t. The facility\n-000227f0: 206e 616d 6573 2061 7265 2074 6865 2066 names are the f\n-00022800: 6972 7374 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f irst argument to\n-00022810: 0a67 7275 625f 6470 7269 6e74 662e 2020 .grub_dprintf. \n-00022820: 436f 6e73 756c 7420 736f 7572 6365 2066 Consult source f\n-00022830: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e or more details.\n-00022840: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00022850: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 6661 nfo, Node: defa\n-00022860: 756c 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6661 6c6c ult, Next: fall\n-00022870: 6261 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 6562 back, Prev: deb\n-00022880: 7567 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ug, Up: Special\n-00022890: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-000228a0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3020 iables..15.1.10 \n-000228b0: 6465 6661 756c 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d default.--------\n-000228c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n-000228d0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n-000228e0: 2c20 6974 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 , it identifies \n-000228f0: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6861 a menu entry tha\n-00022900: 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 7365 6c65 t should be.sele\n-00022910: 6374 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742c cted by default,\n-00022920: 2070 6f73 7369 626c 7920 6166 7465 7220 possibly after \n-00022930: 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 a timeout (*note\n-00022940: 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 timeout::). Th\n-00022950: 650a 656e 7472 7920 6d61 7920 6265 2069 e.entry may be i\n-00022960: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 206e 756d dentified by num\n-00022970: 6265 7220 2873 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 ber (starting fr\n-00022980: 6f6d 2030 2061 7420 6561 6368 206c 6576 om 0 at each lev\n-00022990: 656c 206f 6620 7468 650a 6869 6572 6172 el of the.hierar\n-000229a0: 6368 7929 2c20 6279 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 chy), by title, \n-000229b0: 6f72 2062 7920 6964 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f or by id... Fo\n-000229c0: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2069 6620 796f r example, if yo\n-000229d0: 7520 6861 7665 3a0a 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 u have:..menuent\n-000229e0: 7279 2027 4578 616d 706c 6520 474e 552f ry 'Example GNU/\n-000229f0: 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 Linux distributi\n-00022a00: 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 676e 752d on' --class gnu-\n-00022a10: 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 7861 6d70 linux --id examp\n-00022a20: 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 207b 0a09 le-gnu-linux {..\n-00022a30: 2e2e 2e0a 7d0a 0a20 2020 7468 656e 2079 ....}.. then y\n-00022a40: 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b 6520 7468 6973 ou can make this\n-00022a50: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2075 7369 the default usi\n-00022a60: 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c ng:.. defaul\n-00022a70: 743d 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 t=example-gnu-li\n-00022a80: 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 4966 2074 6865 2065 nux.. If the e\n-00022a90: 6e74 7279 2069 7320 696e 2061 2073 7562 ntry is in a sub\n-00022aa0: 6d65 6e75 2c20 7468 656e 2069 7420 6d75 menu, then it mu\n-00022ab0: 7374 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 st be identified\n-00022ac0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a6e 756d 6265 using the.numbe\n-00022ad0: 722c 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 6f72 2069 6420 r, title, or id \n-00022ae0: 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2073 of each of the s\n-00022af0: 7562 6d65 6e75 7320 7374 6172 7469 6e67 ubmenus starting\n-00022b00: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 746f 700a 6c65 from the top.le\n-00022b10: 7665 6c2c 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 vel, followed by\n-00022b20: 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6974 the number, tit\n-00022b30: 6c65 2c20 6f72 2069 6420 6f66 2074 6865 le, or id of the\n-00022b40: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6974 7365 menu entry itse\n-00022b50: 6c66 2c0a 7769 7468 2065 6163 6820 656c lf,.with each el\n-00022b60: 656d 656e 7420 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 ement separated \n-00022b70: 6279 2027 3e27 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 by '>'. For exa\n-00022b80: 6d70 6c65 2c20 7461 6b65 2074 6865 2066 mple, take the f\n-00022b90: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 0a6d 656e 7520 7374 ollowing.menu st\n-00022ba0: 7275 6374 7572 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 ructure:.. G\n-00022bb0: 4e55 2f48 7572 6420 2d2d 6964 2067 6e75 NU/Hurd --id gnu\n-00022bc0: 2d68 7572 640a 2020 2020 2020 2053 7461 -hurd. Sta\n-00022bd0: 6e64 6172 6420 426f 6f74 202d 2d69 643d ndard Boot --id=\n-00022be0: 676e 752d 6875 7264 2d73 7464 0a20 2020 gnu-hurd-std. \n-00022bf0: 2020 2020 5265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c Rescue shell\n-00022c00: 202d 2d69 643d 676e 752d 6875 7264 2d72 --id=gnu-hurd-r\n-00022c10: 6573 6375 650a 2020 2020 204f 7468 6572 escue. Other\n-00022c20: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 202d 2d69 643d platforms --id=\n-00022c30: 6f74 6865 720a 2020 2020 2020 204d 696e other. Min\n-00022c40: 6978 202d 2d69 643d 6d69 6e69 780a 2020 ix --id=minix. \n-00022c50: 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 Version 3\n-00022c60: 2e34 2e30 202d 2d69 643d 6d69 6e69 782d .4.0 --id=minix-\n-00022c70: 332e 342e 300a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 3.4.0. V\n-00022c80: 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 2e33 2e30 202d 2d69 ersion 3.3.0 --i\n-00022c90: 643d 6d69 6e69 782d 332e 332e 300a 2020 d=minix-3.3.0. \n-00022ca0: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 496e 7661 6465 GRUB Invade\n-00022cb0: 7273 202d 2d69 643d 6772 7562 2d69 6e76 rs --id=grub-inv\n-00022cc0: 6164 6572 730a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6d6f aders.. The mo\n-00022cd0: 7265 2072 6563 656e 7420 7265 6c65 6173 re recent releas\n-00022ce0: 6520 6f66 204d 696e 6978 2077 6f75 6c64 e of Minix would\n-00022cf0: 2074 6865 6e20 6265 2069 6465 6e74 6966 then be identif\n-00022d00: 6965 6420 6173 2027 4f74 6865 720a 706c ied as 'Other.pl\n-00022d10: 6174 666f 726d 733e 4d69 6e69 783e 5665 atforms>Minix>Ve\n-00022d20: 7273 696f 6e20 332e 342e 3027 2c20 6f72 rsion 3.4.0', or\n-00022d30: 2061 7320 2731 3e30 3e30 272c 206f 7220 as '1>0>0', or \n-00022d40: 6173 0a27 6f74 6865 723e 6d69 6e69 783e as.'other>minix>\n-00022d50: 6d69 6e69 782d 332e 342e 3027 2e0a 0a20 minix-3.4.0'... \n-00022d60: 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 This variable \n-00022d70: 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 is often set by \n-00022d80: 2747 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 5427 2028 'GRUB_DEFAULT' (\n-00022d90: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e *note Simple.con\n-00022da0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2027 figuration::), '\n-00022db0: 6772 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 6175 6c74 grub-set-default\n-00022dc0: 272c 206f 7220 2767 7275 622d 7265 626f ', or 'grub-rebo\n-00022dd0: 6f74 272e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ot'.....File: gr\n-00022de0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00022df0: 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a fallback, Next:\n-00022e00: 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 2050 7265 763a gfxmode, Prev:\n-00022e10: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 2055 703a 2053 default, Up: S\n-00022e20: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00022e30: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00022e40: 2e31 2e31 3120 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 0a2d .1.11 fallback.-\n-00022e50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00022e60: 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c .If this variabl\n-00022e70: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2069 6465 e is set, it ide\n-00022e80: 6e74 6966 6965 7320 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 ntifies a menu e\n-00022e90: 6e74 7279 2074 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 ntry that should\n-00022ea0: 2062 650a 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2069 6620 be.selected if \n-00022eb0: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 the default menu\n-00022ec0: 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6169 6c73 2074 6f20 entry fails to \n-00022ed0: 626f 6f74 2e20 2045 6e74 7269 6573 2061 boot. Entries a\n-00022ee0: 7265 0a69 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 696e re.identified in\n-00022ef0: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7761 7920 6173 the same way as\n-00022f00: 2066 6f72 2027 6465 6661 756c 7427 2028 for 'default' (\n-00022f10: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6465 6661 756c 743a 3a29 *note default::)\n-00022f20: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00022f30: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6678 info, Node: gfx\n-00022f40: 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 6678 mode, Next: gfx\n-00022f50: 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 payload, Prev: \n-00022f60: 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 2055 703a 2053 fallback, Up: S\n-00022f70: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00022f80: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00022f90: 2e31 2e31 3220 6766 786d 6f64 650a 2d2d .1.12 gfxmode.--\n-00022fa0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 -------------..I\n-00022fb0: 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 f this variable \n-00022fc0: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2073 6574 7320 is set, it sets \n-00022fd0: 7468 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2075 the resolution u\n-00022fe0: 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2027 6766 7874 sed on the 'gfxt\n-00022ff0: 6572 6d27 0a67 7261 7068 6963 616c 2074 erm'.graphical t\n-00023000: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 erminal. Note t\n-00023010: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 hat you can only\n-00023020: 2075 7365 206d 6f64 6573 2077 6869 6368 use modes which\n-00023030: 2079 6f75 720a 6772 6170 6869 6373 2063 your.graphics c\n-00023040: 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2076 6961 ard supports via\n-00023050: 2056 4553 4120 4249 4f53 2045 7874 656e VESA BIOS Exten\n-00023060: 7369 6f6e 7320 2856 4245 292c 2073 6f20 sions (VBE), so \n-00023070: 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 650a 6e61 7469 for example.nati\n-00023080: 7665 204c 4344 2070 616e 656c 2072 6573 ve LCD panel res\n-00023090: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e73 206d 6179 206e 6f74 olutions may not\n-000230a0: 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 be available. \n-000230b0: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 0a27 The default is.'\n-000230c0: 6175 746f 272c 2077 6869 6368 2073 656c auto', which sel\n-000230d0: 6563 7473 2061 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d ects a platform-\n-000230e0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2064 6566 6175 6c74 specific default\n-000230f0: 2074 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206c 6f6f that should loo\n-00023100: 6b0a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2e20 2053 k.reasonable. S\n-00023110: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206d 6f64 6573 2063 upported modes c\n-00023120: 616e 2062 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2062 7920 an be listed by \n-00023130: 2776 6964 656f 696e 666f 2720 636f 6d6d 'videoinfo' comm\n-00023140: 616e 6420 696e 0a47 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 and in.GRUB... \n-00023150: 2054 6865 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 The resolution \n-00023160: 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 may be specified\n-00023170: 2061 7320 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f as a sequence o\n-00023180: 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6d6f f one or more mo\n-00023190: 6465 732c 0a73 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 des,.separated b\n-000231a0: 7920 636f 6d6d 6173 2028 272c 2729 206f y commas (',') o\n-000231b0: 7220 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 2028 273b r semicolons (';\n-000231c0: 2729 3b20 6561 6368 2077 696c 6c20 6265 '); each will be\n-000231d0: 2074 7269 6564 2069 6e0a 7475 726e 2075 tried in.turn u\n-000231e0: 6e74 696c 206f 6e65 2069 7320 666f 756e ntil one is foun\n-000231f0: 642e 2020 4561 6368 206d 6f64 6520 7368 d. Each mode sh\n-00023200: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2027 ould be either '\n-00023210: 6175 746f 272c 0a27 5749 4454 4878 4845 auto',.'WIDTHxHE\n-00023220: 4947 4854 272c 206f 7220 2757 4944 5448 IGHT', or 'WIDTH\n-00023230: 7848 4549 4748 5478 4445 5054 4827 2e0a xHEIGHTxDEPTH'..\n-00023240: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00023250: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6678 7061 fo, Node: gfxpa\n-00023260: 796c 6f61 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 yload, Next: gf\n-00023270: 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 xterm_font, Pre\n-00023280: 763a 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 2055 703a v: gfxmode, Up:\n-00023290: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-000232a0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-000232b0: 3135 2e31 2e31 3320 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 15.1.13 gfxpaylo\n-000232c0: 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ad.-------------\n-000232d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 -----..If this v\n-000232e0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 ariable is set, \n-000232f0: 6974 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7468 6520 it controls the \n-00023300: 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2069 6e20 7768 video mode in wh\n-00023310: 6963 6820 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 780a 6b65 ich the Linux.ke\n-00023320: 726e 656c 2073 7461 7274 7320 7570 2c20 rnel starts up, \n-00023330: 7265 706c 6163 696e 6720 7468 6520 2776 replacing the 'v\n-00023340: 6761 3d27 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e ga=' boot option\n-00023350: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 (*note linux::)\n-00023360: 2e20 2049 740a 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 . It.may be set\n-00023370: 2074 6f20 2774 6578 7427 2074 6f20 666f to 'text' to fo\n-00023380: 7263 6520 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 rce the Linux ke\n-00023390: 726e 656c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 rnel to boot in \n-000233a0: 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 6578 740a 6d6f 6465 normal text.mode\n-000233b0: 2c20 276b 6565 7027 2074 6f20 7072 6573 , 'keep' to pres\n-000233c0: 6572 7665 2074 6865 2067 7261 7068 6963 erve the graphic\n-000233d0: 7320 6d6f 6465 2073 6574 2075 7369 6e67 s mode set using\n-000233e0: 2027 6766 786d 6f64 6527 2c20 6f72 2061 'gfxmode', or a\n-000233f0: 6e79 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 7065 726d 6974 ny.of the permit\n-00023400: 7465 6420 7661 6c75 6573 2066 6f72 2027 ted values for '\n-00023410: 6766 786d 6f64 6527 2074 6f20 7365 7420 gfxmode' to set \n-00023420: 6120 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2067 7261 a particular gra\n-00023430: 7068 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 0a28 2a6e 6f74 phics mode.(*not\n-00023440: 6520 6766 786d 6f64 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 e gfxmode::)... \n-00023450: 2020 4465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2079 Depending on y\n-00023460: 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 796f 7572 our kernel, your\n-00023470: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2c 2079 distribution, y\n-00023480: 6f75 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 2063 6172 our graphics car\n-00023490: 642c 2061 6e64 0a74 6865 2070 6861 7365 d, and.the phase\n-000234a0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 6e6f of the moon, no\n-000234b0: 7465 2074 6861 7420 7573 696e 6720 7468 te that using th\n-000234c0: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6361 is option may ca\n-000234d0: 7573 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 780a 746f use GNU/Linux.to\n-000234e0: 2073 7566 6665 7220 6672 6f6d 2076 6172 suffer from var\n-000234f0: 696f 7573 2064 6973 706c 6179 2070 726f ious display pro\n-00023500: 626c 656d 732c 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 blems, particula\n-00023510: 726c 7920 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2065 rly during the e\n-00023520: 6172 6c79 0a70 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 arly.part of the\n-00023530: 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 boot sequence. \n-00023540: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2070 726f If you have pro\n-00023550: 626c 656d 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 blems, set this \n-00023560: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a 2774 6578 variable to.'tex\n-00023570: 7427 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c t' and GRUB will\n-00023580: 2074 656c 6c20 4c69 6e75 7820 746f 2062 tell Linux to b\n-00023590: 6f6f 7420 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 oot in normal te\n-000235a0: 7874 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 xt mode... The\n-000235b0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 706c 6174 default is plat\n-000235c0: 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 632e 2020 form-specific. \n-000235d0: 4f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6974 On platforms wit\n-000235e0: 6820 6120 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6578 740a h a native text.\n-000235f0: 6d6f 6465 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 5043 mode (such as PC\n-00023600: 2042 494f 5320 706c 6174 666f 726d 7329 BIOS platforms)\n-00023610: 2c20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 , the default is\n-00023620: 2027 7465 7874 272e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 'text'. Otherw\n-00023630: 6973 6520 7468 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 ise the.default \n-00023640: 6d61 7920 6265 2027 6175 746f 2720 6f72 may be 'auto' or\n-00023650: 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 7669 6465 a specific vide\n-00023660: 6f20 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 o mode... This\n-00023670: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 variable is oft\n-00023680: 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 2747 5255 425f en set by 'GRUB_\n-00023690: 4746 5850 4159 4c4f 4144 5f4c 494e 5558 GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX\n-000236a0: 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a ' (*note Simple.\n-000236b0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n-000236c0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000236d0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6678 info, Node: gfx\n-000236e0: 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 term_font, Next\n-000236f0: 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 2050 7265 : grub_cpu, Pre\n-00023700: 763a 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 v: gfxpayload, \n-00023710: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00023720: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00023730: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3134 2067 6678 7465 s..15.1.14 gfxte\n-00023740: 726d 5f66 6f6e 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rm_font.--------\n-00023750: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n-00023760: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n-00023770: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 s set, it names \n-00023780: 6120 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f a font to use fo\n-00023790: 7220 7465 7874 206f 6e20 7468 650a 2767 r text on the.'g\n-000237a0: 6678 7465 726d 2720 6772 6170 6869 6361 fxterm' graphica\n-000237b0: 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 204f 7468 l terminal. Oth\n-000237c0: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 2767 6678 7465 726d erwise, 'gfxterm\n-000237d0: 2720 6d61 7920 7573 6520 616e 790a 6176 ' may use any.av\n-000237e0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f 6e74 2e0a 0a1f ailable font....\n-000237f0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00023800: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7275 625f 6370 , Node: grub_cp\n-00023810: 752c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 u, Next: grub_p\n-00023820: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 latform, Prev: \n-00023830: 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 2055 gfxterm_font, U\n-00023840: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00023850: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00023860: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3520 6772 7562 5f63 ..15.1.15 grub_c\n-00023870: 7075 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d pu.-------------\n-00023880: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d ---..In normal m\n-00023890: 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 ode (*note norma\n-000238a0: 6c3a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 7320 l::), GRUB sets \n-000238b0: 7468 6520 2767 7275 625f 6370 7527 2076 the 'grub_cpu' v\n-000238c0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 0a74 6865 2043 ariable to.the C\n-000238d0: 5055 2074 7970 6520 666f 7220 7768 6963 PU type for whic\n-000238e0: 6820 4752 5542 2077 6173 2062 7569 6c74 h GRUB was built\n-000238f0: 2028 652e 672e 2020 2769 3338 3627 206f (e.g. 'i386' o\n-00023900: 7220 2770 6f77 6572 7063 2729 2e0a 0a1f r 'powerpc')....\n-00023910: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00023920: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7275 625f 706c , Node: grub_pl\n-00023930: 6174 666f 726d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 atform, Next: i\n-00023940: 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 condir, Prev: g\n-00023950: 7275 625f 6370 752c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 rub_cpu, Up: Sp\n-00023960: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00023970: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00023980: 312e 3136 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 1.16 grub_platfo\n-00023990: 726d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rm.-------------\n-000239a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 496e 206e 6f72 --------..In nor\n-000239b0: 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 mal mode (*note \n-000239c0: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 4220 normal::), GRUB \n-000239d0: 7365 7473 2074 6865 2027 6772 7562 5f70 sets the 'grub_p\n-000239e0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 2076 6172 6961 626c latform' variabl\n-000239f0: 650a 746f 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 e.to the platfor\n-00023a00: 6d20 666f 7220 7768 6963 6820 4752 5542 m for which GRUB\n-00023a10: 2077 6173 2062 7569 6c74 2028 652e 672e was built (e.g.\n-00023a20: 2020 2770 6327 206f 7220 2765 6669 2729 'pc' or 'efi')\n-00023a30: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00023a40: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2069 636f info, Node: ico\n-00023a50: 6e64 6972 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 616e ndir, Next: lan\n-00023a60: 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 g, Prev: grub_p\n-00023a70: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 latform, Up: Sp\n-00023a80: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00023a90: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00023aa0: 312e 3137 2069 636f 6e64 6972 0a2d 2d2d 1.17 icondir.---\n-00023ab0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n-00023ac0: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n-00023ad0: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 s set, it names \n-00023ae0: 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 696e 2077 a directory in w\n-00023af0: 6869 6368 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a 6772 hich the GRUB.gr\n-00023b00: 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 2073 686f aphical menu sho\n-00023b10: 756c 6420 6c6f 6f6b 2066 6f72 2069 636f uld look for ico\n-00023b20: 6e73 2061 6674 6572 206c 6f6f 6b69 6e67 ns after looking\n-00023b30: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7468 656d 6527 730a in the theme's.\n-00023b40: 2769 636f 6e73 2720 6469 7265 6374 6f72 'icons' director\n-00023b50: 792e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 656d 6520 y. *Note Theme \n-00023b60: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e 0a0a file format::...\n-00023b70: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00023b80: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 o, Node: lang, \n-00023b90: 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 Next: locale_di\n-00023ba0: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 r, Prev: icondi\n-00023bb0: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 r, Up: Special \n-00023bc0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00023bd0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3138 206c ables..15.1.18 l\n-00023be0: 616e 670a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ang.------------\n-00023bf0: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n-00023c00: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 le is set, it na\n-00023c10: 6d65 7320 7468 6520 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 mes the language\n-00023c20: 2063 6f64 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 2027 code that the '\n-00023c30: 6765 7474 6578 7427 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 gettext'.command\n-00023c40: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6765 7474 6578 743a (*note gettext:\n-00023c50: 3a29 2075 7365 7320 746f 2074 7261 6e73 :) uses to trans\n-00023c60: 6c61 7465 2073 7472 696e 6773 2e20 2046 late strings. F\n-00023c70: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 4672 656e or example,.Fren\n-00023c80: 6368 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6e61 6d65 ch would be name\n-00023c90: 6420 6173 2027 6672 272c 2061 6e64 2053 d as 'fr', and S\n-00023ca0: 696d 706c 6966 6965 6420 4368 696e 6573 implified Chines\n-00023cb0: 6520 6173 2027 7a68 5f43 4e27 2e0a 0a20 e as 'zh_CN'... \n-00023cc0: 2020 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 'grub-mkconfig\n-00023cd0: 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 ' (*note Simple \n-00023ce0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n-00023cf0: 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 746f 2073 6574 will try to set\n-00023d00: 2061 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c 6520 6465 a.reasonable de\n-00023d10: 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 7468 6973 2076 fault for this v\n-00023d20: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6261 7365 6420 6f6e ariable based on\n-00023d30: 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6c6f 6361 the system loca\n-00023d40: 6c65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 le.....File: gru\n-00023d50: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c b.info, Node: l\n-00023d60: 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c 2020 4e65 7874 ocale_dir, Next\n-00023d70: 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 : menu_color_hig\n-00023d80: 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c hlight, Prev: l\n-00023d90: 616e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ang, Up: Specia\n-00023da0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00023db0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3139 riables..15.1.19\n-00023dc0: 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 720a 2d2d 2d2d locale_dir.----\n-00023dd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00023de0: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n-00023df0: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 is set, it name\n-00023e00: 7320 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 s the directory \n-00023e10: 7768 6572 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f where translatio\n-00023e20: 6e20 6669 6c65 730a 6d61 7920 6265 2066 n files.may be f\n-00023e30: 6f75 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6765 7474 ound (*note gett\n-00023e40: 6578 743a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 ext::), usually \n-00023e50: 272f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6c6f 6361 '/boot/grub/loca\n-00023e60: 6c65 272e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c le'. Otherwise,\n-00023e70: 0a69 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 697a .internationaliz\n-00023e80: 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2064 6973 6162 6c65 ation is disable\n-00023e90: 642e 0a0a 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 d... 'grub-mkc\n-00023ea0: 6f6e 6669 6727 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 onfig' (*note Si\n-00023eb0: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple configurati\n-00023ec0: 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 2061 on::) will set a\n-00023ed0: 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c 650a 6465 6661 reasonable.defa\n-00023ee0: 756c 7420 666f 7220 7468 6973 2076 6172 ult for this var\n-00023ef0: 6961 626c 6520 6966 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 iable if interna\n-00023f00: 7469 6f6e 616c 697a 6174 696f 6e20 6973 tionalization is\n-00023f10: 206e 6565 6465 6420 616e 6420 616e 790a needed and any.\n-00023f20: 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 translation file\n-00023f30: 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e s are available.\n-00023f40: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00023f50: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d65 6e75 nfo, Node: menu\n-00023f60: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 _color_highlight\n-00023f70: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 656e 755f 636f , Next: menu_co\n-00023f80: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2050 7265 lor_normal, Pre\n-00023f90: 763a 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c 2020 v: locale_dir, \n-00023fa0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00023fb0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00023fc0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3230 206d 656e 755f s..15.1.20 menu_\n-00023fd0: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 740a color_highlight.\n-00023fe0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00023ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n-00024000: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 is variable cont\n-00024010: 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6567 726f ains the foregro\n-00024020: 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 und and backgrou\n-00024030: 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 746f 2062 6520 nd colors to be \n-00024040: 7573 6564 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2068 6967 used.for the hig\n-00024050: 686c 6967 6874 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e hlighted menu en\n-00024060: 7472 792c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 try, separated b\n-00024070: 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 2827 2f27 292e y a slash ('/').\n-00024080: 2020 5365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6973 2076 Setting.this v\n-00024090: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 ariable changes \n-000240a0: 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 those colors. F\n-000240b0: 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 or the available\n-000240c0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c0a 2a6e color names,.*n\n-000240d0: 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c ote color_normal\n-000240e0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 ::... The defa\n-000240f0: 756c 7420 6973 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 ult is the value\n-00024100: 206f 6620 2763 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c of 'color_highl\n-00024110: 6967 6874 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6c ight' (*note.col\n-00024120: 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 3a3a 292e or_highlight::).\n-00024130: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00024140: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d65 6e75 nfo, Node: menu\n-00024150: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 _color_normal, \n-00024160: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Next: net__boot_file,\n-00024180: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c Prev: menu_col\n-00024190: 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2055 or_highlight, U\n-000241a0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-000241b0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-000241c0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3120 6d65 6e75 5f63 ..15.1.21 menu_c\n-000241d0: 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d olor_normal.----\n+00022480: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n+00022490: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 iable is automat\n+000224a0: 6963 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 ically set by GR\n+000224b0: 5542 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 UB to the direct\n+000224c0: 6f72 7920 7061 7274 206f 660a 6375 7272 ory part of.curr\n+000224d0: 656e 7420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ent configuratio\n+000224e0: 6e20 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f n file name (*no\n+000224f0: 7465 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 3a3a te config_file::\n+00022500: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+00022510: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f .info, Node: co\n+00022520: 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 nfig_file, Next\n+00022530: 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : debug, Prev: \n+00022540: 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 config_directory\n+00022550: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00022560: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00022570: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e38 2063 6f6e bles..15.1.8 con\n+00022580: 6669 675f 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fig_file.-------\n+00022590: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n+000225a0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6175 s variable is au\n+000225b0: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 tomatically set \n+000225c0: 6279 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 206e by GRUB to the n\n+000225d0: 616d 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ame of configura\n+000225e0: 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c 6520 7468 6174 2069 tion.file that i\n+000225f0: 7320 6265 696e 6720 7072 6f63 6573 7365 s being processe\n+00022600: 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 2763 d by commands 'c\n+00022610: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6527 2028 2a6e 6f74 onfigfile' (*not\n+00022620: 650a 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a3a 2920 e.configfile::) \n+00022630: 6f72 2027 6e6f 726d 616c 2720 282a 6e6f or 'normal' (*no\n+00022640: 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2049 te normal::). I\n+00022650: 7420 6973 2072 6573 746f 7265 6420 746f t is restored to\n+00022660: 2074 6865 0a70 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7661 the.previous va\n+00022670: 6c75 6520 7768 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 lue when command\n+00022680: 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 completes.....F\n+00022690: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000226a0: 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6562 7567 2c20 204e Node: debug, N\n+000226b0: 6578 743a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 2050 ext: default, P\n+000226c0: 7265 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 rev: config_file\n+000226d0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+000226e0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+000226f0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e39 2064 6562 bles..15.1.9 deb\n+00022700: 7567 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ug.------------.\n+00022710: 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d .This variable m\n+00022720: 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2065 6e61 ay be set to ena\n+00022730: 626c 6520 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 6f75 ble debugging ou\n+00022740: 7470 7574 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 tput from variou\n+00022750: 730a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 206f 6620 s.components of \n+00022760: 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 GRUB. The value \n+00022770: 6973 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 6562 is a list of deb\n+00022780: 7567 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 ug facility name\n+00022790: 730a 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2077 s.separated by w\n+000227a0: 6869 7465 7370 6163 6520 6f72 2027 2c27 hitespace or ','\n+000227b0: 2c20 6f72 2027 616c 6c27 2074 6f20 656e , or 'all' to en\n+000227c0: 6162 6c65 2061 6c6c 2061 7661 696c 6162 able all availab\n+000227d0: 6c65 0a64 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 le.debugging out\n+000227e0: 7075 742e 2020 5468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 put. The facili\n+000227f0: 7479 206e 616d 6573 2061 7265 2074 6865 ty names are the\n+00022800: 2066 6972 7374 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 first argument \n+00022810: 746f 0a67 7275 625f 6470 7269 6e74 662e to.grub_dprintf.\n+00022820: 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 736f 7572 6365 Consult source\n+00022830: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c for more detail\n+00022840: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+00022850: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 .info, Node: de\n+00022860: 6661 756c 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6661 fault, Next: fa\n+00022870: 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 llback, Prev: d\n+00022880: 6562 7567 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 ebug, Up: Speci\n+00022890: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+000228a0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 ariables..15.1.1\n+000228b0: 3020 6465 6661 756c 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0 default.------\n+000228c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 ---------..If th\n+000228d0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 is variable is s\n+000228e0: 6574 2c20 6974 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 et, it identifie\n+000228f0: 7320 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2074 s a menu entry t\n+00022900: 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 7365 hat should be.se\n+00022910: 6c65 6374 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c lected by defaul\n+00022920: 742c 2070 6f73 7369 626c 7920 6166 7465 t, possibly afte\n+00022930: 7220 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 282a 6e6f r a timeout (*no\n+00022940: 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a 292e 2020 te timeout::). \n+00022950: 5468 650a 656e 7472 7920 6d61 7920 6265 The.entry may be\n+00022960: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 206e identified by n\n+00022970: 756d 6265 7220 2873 7461 7274 696e 6720 umber (starting \n+00022980: 6672 6f6d 2030 2061 7420 6561 6368 206c from 0 at each l\n+00022990: 6576 656c 206f 6620 7468 650a 6869 6572 evel of the.hier\n+000229a0: 6172 6368 7929 2c20 6279 2074 6974 6c65 archy), by title\n+000229b0: 2c20 6f72 2062 7920 6964 2e0a 0a20 2020 , or by id... \n+000229c0: 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2069 6620 For example, if \n+000229d0: 796f 7520 6861 7665 3a0a 0a6d 656e 7565 you have:..menue\n+000229e0: 6e74 7279 2027 4578 616d 706c 6520 474e ntry 'Example GN\n+000229f0: 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 U/Linux distribu\n+00022a00: 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 676e tion' --class gn\n+00022a10: 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 7861 u-linux --id exa\n+00022a20: 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 207b mple-gnu-linux {\n+00022a30: 0a09 2e2e 2e0a 7d0a 0a20 2020 7468 656e ......}.. then\n+00022a40: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b 6520 7468 you can make th\n+00022a50: 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2075 is the default u\n+00022a60: 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 sing:.. defa\n+00022a70: 756c 743d 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d ult=example-gnu-\n+00022a80: 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 4966 2074 6865 linux.. If the\n+00022a90: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 696e 2061 2073 entry is in a s\n+00022aa0: 7562 6d65 6e75 2c20 7468 656e 2069 7420 ubmenu, then it \n+00022ab0: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 must be identifi\n+00022ac0: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a6e 756d ed using the.num\n+00022ad0: 6265 722c 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 6f72 2069 ber, title, or i\n+00022ae0: 6420 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2074 6865 d of each of the\n+00022af0: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 7320 7374 6172 7469 submenus starti\n+00022b00: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 746f 700a ng from the top.\n+00022b10: 6c65 7665 6c2c 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 level, followed \n+00022b20: 6279 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 by the number, t\n+00022b30: 6974 6c65 2c20 6f72 2069 6420 6f66 2074 itle, or id of t\n+00022b40: 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6974 he menu entry it\n+00022b50: 7365 6c66 2c0a 7769 7468 2065 6163 6820 self,.with each \n+00022b60: 656c 656d 656e 7420 7365 7061 7261 7465 element separate\n+00022b70: 6420 6279 2027 3e27 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 d by '>'. For e\n+00022b80: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 7461 6b65 2074 6865 xample, take the\n+00022b90: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 0a6d 656e 7520 following.menu \n+00022ba0: 7374 7275 6374 7572 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 structure:.. \n+00022bb0: 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6420 2d2d 6964 2067 GNU/Hurd --id g\n+00022bc0: 6e75 2d68 7572 640a 2020 2020 2020 2053 nu-hurd. S\n+00022bd0: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 426f 6f74 202d 2d69 tandard Boot --i\n+00022be0: 643d 676e 752d 6875 7264 2d73 7464 0a20 d=gnu-hurd-std. \n+00022bf0: 2020 2020 2020 5265 7363 7565 2073 6865 Rescue she\n+00022c00: 6c6c 202d 2d69 643d 676e 752d 6875 7264 ll --id=gnu-hurd\n+00022c10: 2d72 6573 6375 650a 2020 2020 204f 7468 -rescue. Oth\n+00022c20: 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 202d 2d69 er platforms --i\n+00022c30: 643d 6f74 6865 720a 2020 2020 2020 204d d=other. M\n+00022c40: 696e 6978 202d 2d69 643d 6d69 6e69 780a inix --id=minix.\n+00022c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e Version\n+00022c60: 2033 2e34 2e30 202d 2d69 643d 6d69 6e69 3.4.0 --id=mini\n+00022c70: 782d 332e 342e 300a 2020 2020 2020 2020 x-3.4.0. \n+00022c80: 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 2e33 2e30 202d Version 3.3.0 -\n+00022c90: 2d69 643d 6d69 6e69 782d 332e 332e 300a -id=minix-3.3.0.\n+00022ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 496e 7661 GRUB Inva\n+00022cb0: 6465 7273 202d 2d69 643d 6772 7562 2d69 ders --id=grub-i\n+00022cc0: 6e76 6164 6572 730a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 nvaders.. The \n+00022cd0: 6d6f 7265 2072 6563 656e 7420 7265 6c65 more recent rele\n+00022ce0: 6173 6520 6f66 204d 696e 6978 2077 6f75 ase of Minix wou\n+00022cf0: 6c64 2074 6865 6e20 6265 2069 6465 6e74 ld then be ident\n+00022d00: 6966 6965 6420 6173 2027 4f74 6865 720a ified as 'Other.\n+00022d10: 706c 6174 666f 726d 733e 4d69 6e69 783e platforms>Minix>\n+00022d20: 5665 7273 696f 6e20 332e 342e 3027 2c20 Version 3.4.0', \n+00022d30: 6f72 2061 7320 2731 3e30 3e30 272c 206f or as '1>0>0', o\n+00022d40: 7220 6173 0a27 6f74 6865 723e 6d69 6e69 r as.'other>mini\n+00022d50: 783e 6d69 6e69 782d 332e 342e 3027 2e0a x>minix-3.4.0'..\n+00022d60: 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c . This variabl\n+00022d70: 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 e is often set b\n+00022d80: 7920 2747 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 5427 y 'GRUB_DEFAULT'\n+00022d90: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 (*note Simple.c\n+00022da0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c onfiguration::),\n+00022db0: 2027 6772 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 6175 'grub-set-defau\n+00022dc0: 6c74 272c 206f 7220 2767 7275 622d 7265 lt', or 'grub-re\n+00022dd0: 626f 6f74 272e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 boot'.....File: \n+00022de0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00022df0: 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 204e 6578 : fallback, Nex\n+00022e00: 743a 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 2050 7265 t: gfxmode, Pre\n+00022e10: 763a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 2055 703a v: default, Up:\n+00022e20: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00022e30: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00022e40: 3135 2e31 2e31 3120 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 15.1.11 fallback\n+00022e50: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00022e60: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n+00022e70: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2069 ble is set, it i\n+00022e80: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 6120 6d65 6e75 dentifies a menu\n+00022e90: 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6861 7420 7368 6f75 entry that shou\n+00022ea0: 6c64 2062 650a 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2069 ld be.selected i\n+00022eb0: 6620 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 f the default me\n+00022ec0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6169 6c73 2074 nu entry fails t\n+00022ed0: 6f20 626f 6f74 2e20 2045 6e74 7269 6573 o boot. Entries\n+00022ee0: 2061 7265 0a69 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 are.identified \n+00022ef0: 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7761 7920 in the same way \n+00022f00: 6173 2066 6f72 2027 6465 6661 756c 7427 as for 'default'\n+00022f10: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6465 6661 756c 743a (*note default:\n+00022f20: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n+00022f30: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 b.info, Node: g\n+00022f40: 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 fxmode, Next: g\n+00022f50: 6678 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 5072 6576 fxpayload, Prev\n+00022f60: 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 2055 703a : fallback, Up:\n+00022f70: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00022f80: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00022f90: 3135 2e31 2e31 3220 6766 786d 6f64 650a 15.1.12 gfxmode.\n+00022fa0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00022fb0: 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c .If this variabl\n+00022fc0: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2073 6574 e is set, it set\n+00022fd0: 7320 7468 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e s the resolution\n+00022fe0: 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2027 6766 used on the 'gf\n+00022ff0: 7874 6572 6d27 0a67 7261 7068 6963 616c xterm'.graphical\n+00023000: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 terminal. Note\n+00023010: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6f6e that you can on\n+00023020: 6c79 2075 7365 206d 6f64 6573 2077 6869 ly use modes whi\n+00023030: 6368 2079 6f75 720a 6772 6170 6869 6373 ch your.graphics\n+00023040: 2063 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2076 card supports v\n+00023050: 6961 2056 4553 4120 4249 4f53 2045 7874 ia VESA BIOS Ext\n+00023060: 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 2856 4245 292c 2073 ensions (VBE), s\n+00023070: 6f20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 650a 6e61 o for example.na\n+00023080: 7469 7665 204c 4344 2070 616e 656c 2072 tive LCD panel r\n+00023090: 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e73 206d 6179 206e esolutions may n\n+000230a0: 6f74 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e ot be available.\n+000230b0: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The default is\n+000230c0: 0a27 6175 746f 272c 2077 6869 6368 2073 .'auto', which s\n+000230d0: 656c 6563 7473 2061 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 elects a platfor\n+000230e0: 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2064 6566 6175 m-specific defau\n+000230f0: 6c74 2074 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206c lt that should l\n+00023100: 6f6f 6b0a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2e20 ook.reasonable. \n+00023110: 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206d 6f64 6573 Supported modes\n+00023120: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2062 can be listed b\n+00023130: 7920 2776 6964 656f 696e 666f 2720 636f y 'videoinfo' co\n+00023140: 6d6d 616e 6420 696e 0a47 5255 422e 0a0a mmand in.GRUB...\n+00023150: 2020 2054 6865 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f The resolutio\n+00023160: 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 n may be specifi\n+00023170: 6564 2061 7320 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 ed as a sequence\n+00023180: 206f 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 of one or more \n+00023190: 6d6f 6465 732c 0a73 6570 6172 6174 6564 modes,.separated\n+000231a0: 2062 7920 636f 6d6d 6173 2028 272c 2729 by commas (',')\n+000231b0: 206f 7220 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 2028 or semicolons (\n+000231c0: 273b 2729 3b20 6561 6368 2077 696c 6c20 ';'); each will \n+000231d0: 6265 2074 7269 6564 2069 6e0a 7475 726e be tried in.turn\n+000231e0: 2075 6e74 696c 206f 6e65 2069 7320 666f until one is fo\n+000231f0: 756e 642e 2020 4561 6368 206d 6f64 6520 und. Each mode \n+00023200: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 should be either\n+00023210: 2027 6175 746f 272c 0a27 5749 4454 4878 'auto',.'WIDTHx\n+00023220: 4845 4947 4854 272c 206f 7220 2757 4944 HEIGHT', or 'WID\n+00023230: 5448 7848 4549 4748 5478 4445 5054 4827 THxHEIGHTxDEPTH'\n+00023240: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00023250: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6678 info, Node: gfx\n+00023260: 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 payload, Next: \n+00023270: 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 2050 gfxterm_font, P\n+00023280: 7265 763a 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 2055 rev: gfxmode, U\n+00023290: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+000232a0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+000232b0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3320 6766 7870 6179 ..15.1.13 gfxpay\n+000232c0: 6c6f 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d load.-----------\n+000232d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n+000232e0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n+000232f0: 2c20 6974 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7468 , it controls th\n+00023300: 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2069 6e20 e video mode in \n+00023310: 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 780a which the Linux.\n+00023320: 6b65 726e 656c 2073 7461 7274 7320 7570 kernel starts up\n+00023330: 2c20 7265 706c 6163 696e 6720 7468 6520 , replacing the \n+00023340: 2776 6761 3d27 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 'vga=' boot opti\n+00023350: 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a on (*note linux:\n+00023360: 3a29 2e20 2049 740a 6d61 7920 6265 2073 :). It.may be s\n+00023370: 6574 2074 6f20 2774 6578 7427 2074 6f20 et to 'text' to \n+00023380: 666f 7263 6520 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 force the Linux \n+00023390: 6b65 726e 656c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 kernel to boot i\n+000233a0: 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 6578 740a 6d6f n normal text.mo\n+000233b0: 6465 2c20 276b 6565 7027 2074 6f20 7072 de, 'keep' to pr\n+000233c0: 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 2067 7261 7068 eserve the graph\n+000233d0: 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 2073 6574 2075 7369 ics mode set usi\n+000233e0: 6e67 2027 6766 786d 6f64 6527 2c20 6f72 ng 'gfxmode', or\n+000233f0: 2061 6e79 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 7065 726d any.of the perm\n+00023400: 6974 7465 6420 7661 6c75 6573 2066 6f72 itted values for\n+00023410: 2027 6766 786d 6f64 6527 2074 6f20 7365 'gfxmode' to se\n+00023420: 7420 6120 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2067 t a particular g\n+00023430: 7261 7068 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 0a28 2a6e raphics mode.(*n\n+00023440: 6f74 6520 6766 786d 6f64 653a 3a29 2e0a ote gfxmode::)..\n+00023450: 0a20 2020 4465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e . Depending on\n+00023460: 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 796f your kernel, yo\n+00023470: 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2c ur distribution,\n+00023480: 2079 6f75 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 2063 your graphics c\n+00023490: 6172 642c 2061 6e64 0a74 6865 2070 6861 ard, and.the pha\n+000234a0: 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 se of the moon, \n+000234b0: 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7573 696e 6720 note that using \n+000234c0: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 this option may \n+000234d0: 6361 7573 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 780a cause GNU/Linux.\n+000234e0: 746f 2073 7566 6665 7220 6672 6f6d 2076 to suffer from v\n+000234f0: 6172 696f 7573 2064 6973 706c 6179 2070 arious display p\n+00023500: 726f 626c 656d 732c 2070 6172 7469 6375 roblems, particu\n+00023510: 6c61 726c 7920 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6865 larly during the\n+00023520: 2065 6172 6c79 0a70 6172 7420 6f66 2074 early.part of t\n+00023530: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 he boot sequence\n+00023540: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2070 . If you have p\n+00023550: 726f 626c 656d 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 roblems, set thi\n+00023560: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a 2774 s variable to.'t\n+00023570: 6578 7427 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 ext' and GRUB wi\n+00023580: 6c6c 2074 656c 6c20 4c69 6e75 7820 746f ll tell Linux to\n+00023590: 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 boot in normal \n+000235a0: 7465 7874 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 text mode... T\n+000235b0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 706c he default is pl\n+000235c0: 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 632e atform-specific.\n+000235d0: 2020 4f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 On platforms w\n+000235e0: 6974 6820 6120 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6578 ith a native tex\n+000235f0: 740a 6d6f 6465 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 t.mode (such as \n+00023600: 5043 2042 494f 5320 706c 6174 666f 726d PC BIOS platform\n+00023610: 7329 2c20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 s), the default \n+00023620: 6973 2027 7465 7874 272e 2020 4f74 6865 is 'text'. Othe\n+00023630: 7277 6973 6520 7468 650a 6465 6661 756c rwise the.defaul\n+00023640: 7420 6d61 7920 6265 2027 6175 746f 2720 t may be 'auto' \n+00023650: 6f72 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 7669 or a specific vi\n+00023660: 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 deo mode... Th\n+00023670: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f is variable is o\n+00023680: 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 2747 5255 ften set by 'GRU\n+00023690: 425f 4746 5850 4159 4c4f 4144 5f4c 494e B_GFXPAYLOAD_LIN\n+000236a0: 5558 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c UX' (*note Simpl\n+000236b0: 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e.configuration:\n+000236c0: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n+000236d0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 b.info, Node: g\n+000236e0: 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 4e65 fxterm_font, Ne\n+000236f0: 7874 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 2050 xt: grub_cpu, P\n+00023700: 7265 763a 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 642c rev: gfxpayload,\n+00023710: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00023720: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00023730: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3134 2067 6678 les..15.1.14 gfx\n+00023740: 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d term_font.------\n+00023750: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00023760: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n+00023770: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 is set, it name\n+00023780: 7320 6120 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 s a font to use \n+00023790: 666f 7220 7465 7874 206f 6e20 7468 650a for text on the.\n+000237a0: 2767 6678 7465 726d 2720 6772 6170 6869 'gfxterm' graphi\n+000237b0: 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 204f cal terminal. O\n+000237c0: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 2767 6678 7465 therwise, 'gfxte\n+000237d0: 726d 2720 6d61 7920 7573 6520 616e 790a rm' may use any.\n+000237e0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f 6e74 2e0a available font..\n+000237f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00023800: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7275 625f fo, Node: grub_\n+00023810: 6370 752c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6772 7562 cpu, Next: grub\n+00023820: 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 _platform, Prev\n+00023830: 3a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 : gfxterm_font, \n+00023840: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00023850: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00023860: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3520 6772 7562 es..15.1.15 grub\n+00023870: 5f63 7075 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _cpu.-----------\n+00023880: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c -----..In normal\n+00023890: 206d 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 mode (*note nor\n+000238a0: 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 mal::), GRUB set\n+000238b0: 7320 7468 6520 2767 7275 625f 6370 7527 s the 'grub_cpu'\n+000238c0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 0a74 6865 variable to.the\n+000238d0: 2043 5055 2074 7970 6520 666f 7220 7768 CPU type for wh\n+000238e0: 6963 6820 4752 5542 2077 6173 2062 7569 ich GRUB was bui\n+000238f0: 6c74 2028 652e 672e 2020 2769 3338 3627 lt (e.g. 'i386'\n+00023900: 206f 7220 2770 6f77 6572 7063 2729 2e0a or 'powerpc')..\n+00023910: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00023920: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7275 625f fo, Node: grub_\n+00023930: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 204e 6578 743a platform, Next:\n+00023940: 2069 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 2050 7265 763a icondir, Prev:\n+00023950: 2067 7275 625f 6370 752c 2020 5570 3a20 grub_cpu, Up: \n+00023960: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00023970: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00023980: 352e 312e 3136 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 5.1.16 grub_plat\n+00023990: 666f 726d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d form.-----------\n+000239a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 496e 206e ----------..In n\n+000239b0: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 ormal mode (*not\n+000239c0: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 e normal::), GRU\n+000239d0: 4220 7365 7473 2074 6865 2027 6772 7562 B sets the 'grub\n+000239e0: 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 2076 6172 6961 _platform' varia\n+000239f0: 626c 650a 746f 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 ble.to the platf\n+00023a00: 6f72 6d20 666f 7220 7768 6963 6820 4752 orm for which GR\n+00023a10: 5542 2077 6173 2062 7569 6c74 2028 652e UB was built (e.\n+00023a20: 672e 2020 2770 6327 206f 7220 2765 6669 g. 'pc' or 'efi\n+00023a30: 2729 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ').....File: gru\n+00023a40: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2069 b.info, Node: i\n+00023a50: 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c condir, Next: l\n+00023a60: 616e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6772 7562 ang, Prev: grub\n+00023a70: 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 _platform, Up: \n+00023a80: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00023a90: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00023aa0: 352e 312e 3137 2069 636f 6e64 6972 0a2d 5.1.17 icondir.-\n+00023ab0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00023ac0: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n+00023ad0: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 is set, it name\n+00023ae0: 7320 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 696e s a directory in\n+00023af0: 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a which the GRUB.\n+00023b00: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 2073 graphical menu s\n+00023b10: 686f 756c 6420 6c6f 6f6b 2066 6f72 2069 hould look for i\n+00023b20: 636f 6e73 2061 6674 6572 206c 6f6f 6b69 cons after looki\n+00023b30: 6e67 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7468 656d 6527 ng in the theme'\n+00023b40: 730a 2769 636f 6e73 2720 6469 7265 6374 s.'icons' direct\n+00023b50: 6f72 792e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 656d ory. *Note Them\n+00023b60: 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e e file format::.\n+00023b70: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00023b80: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c61 6e67 nfo, Node: lang\n+00023b90: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f63 616c 655f , Next: locale_\n+00023ba0: 6469 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6963 6f6e dir, Prev: icon\n+00023bb0: 6469 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 dir, Up: Specia\n+00023bc0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00023bd0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3138 riables..15.1.18\n+00023be0: 206c 616e 670a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lang.----------\n+00023bf0: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 --..If this vari\n+00023c00: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 able is set, it \n+00023c10: 6e61 6d65 7320 7468 6520 6c61 6e67 7561 names the langua\n+00023c20: 6765 2063 6f64 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 ge code that the\n+00023c30: 2027 6765 7474 6578 7427 0a63 6f6d 6d61 'gettext'.comma\n+00023c40: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6765 7474 6578 nd (*note gettex\n+00023c50: 743a 3a29 2075 7365 7320 746f 2074 7261 t::) uses to tra\n+00023c60: 6e73 6c61 7465 2073 7472 696e 6773 2e20 nslate strings. \n+00023c70: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 4672 For example,.Fr\n+00023c80: 656e 6368 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6e61 ench would be na\n+00023c90: 6d65 6420 6173 2027 6672 272c 2061 6e64 med as 'fr', and\n+00023ca0: 2053 696d 706c 6966 6965 6420 4368 696e Simplified Chin\n+00023cb0: 6573 6520 6173 2027 7a68 5f43 4e27 2e0a ese as 'zh_CN'..\n+00023cc0: 0a20 2020 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 . 'grub-mkconf\n+00023cd0: 6967 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c ig' (*note Simpl\n+00023ce0: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e configuration:\n+00023cf0: 3a29 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 746f 2073 :) will try to s\n+00023d00: 6574 2061 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c 6520 et a.reasonable \n+00023d10: 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 7468 6973 default for this\n+00023d20: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6261 7365 6420 variable based \n+00023d30: 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6c6f on the system lo\n+00023d40: 6361 6c65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 cale.....File: g\n+00023d50: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00023d60: 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c 2020 4e65 locale_dir, Ne\n+00023d70: 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 xt: menu_color_h\n+00023d80: 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2050 7265 763a ighlight, Prev:\n+00023d90: 206c 616e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 lang, Up: Spec\n+00023da0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00023db0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00023dc0: 3139 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 720a 2d2d 19 locale_dir.--\n+00023dd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00023de0: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n+00023df0: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 le is set, it na\n+00023e00: 6d65 7320 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 mes the director\n+00023e10: 7920 7768 6572 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 y where translat\n+00023e20: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 730a 6d61 7920 6265 ion files.may be\n+00023e30: 2066 6f75 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6765 found (*note ge\n+00023e40: 7474 6578 743a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c ttext::), usuall\n+00023e50: 7920 272f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6c6f y '/boot/grub/lo\n+00023e60: 6361 6c65 272e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 cale'. Otherwis\n+00023e70: 652c 0a69 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c e,.international\n+00023e80: 697a 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2064 6973 6162 ization is disab\n+00023e90: 6c65 642e 0a0a 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d6d led... 'grub-m\n+00023ea0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 kconfig' (*note \n+00023eb0: 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple configura\n+00023ec0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 tion::) will set\n+00023ed0: 2061 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c 650a 6465 a reasonable.de\n+00023ee0: 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 7468 6973 2076 fault for this v\n+00023ef0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6966 2069 6e74 6572 ariable if inter\n+00023f00: 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 697a 6174 696f 6e20 nationalization \n+00023f10: 6973 206e 6565 6465 6420 616e 6420 616e is needed and an\n+00023f20: 790a 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6669 y.translation fi\n+00023f30: 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c les are availabl\n+00023f40: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n+00023f50: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d65 .info, Node: me\n+00023f60: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 nu_color_highlig\n+00023f70: 6874 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 656e 755f ht, Next: menu_\n+00023f80: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2050 color_normal, P\n+00023f90: 7265 763a 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c rev: locale_dir,\n+00023fa0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00023fb0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00023fc0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3230 206d 656e les..15.1.20 men\n+00023fd0: 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 u_color_highligh\n+00023fe0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n+00023ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00024000: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f This variable co\n+00024010: 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6567 ntains the foreg\n+00024020: 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 round and backgr\n+00024030: 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 746f 2062 ound colors to b\n+00024040: 6520 7573 6564 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2068 e used.for the h\n+00024050: 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 206d 656e 7520 ighlighted menu \n+00024060: 656e 7472 792c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 entry, separated\n+00024070: 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 2827 2f27 by a slash ('/'\n+00024080: 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6973 ). Setting.this\n+00024090: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 variable change\n+000240a0: 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 s those colors. \n+000240b0: 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 For the availab\n+000240c0: 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c0a le color names,.\n+000240d0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d *note color_norm\n+000240e0: 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 al::... The de\n+000240f0: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6865 2076 616c fault is the val\n+00024100: 7565 206f 6620 2763 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 ue of 'color_hig\n+00024110: 686c 6967 6874 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 0a63 hlight' (*note.c\n+00024120: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 3a3a olor_highlight::\n+00024130: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+00024140: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d65 .info, Node: me\n+00024150: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c nu_color_normal,\n+00024160: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Next: net__boot_fil\n+00024180: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 e, Prev: menu_c\n+00024190: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 olor_highlight, \n+000241a0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+000241b0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+000241c0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3120 6d65 6e75 es..15.1.21 menu\n+000241d0: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d _color_normal.--\n 000241e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000241f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 -----..This vari\n-00024200: 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 able contains th\n-00024210: 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 e foreground and\n-00024220: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f background colo\n-00024230: 7273 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 640a 666f rs to be used.fo\n-00024240: 7220 6e6f 6e2d 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 r non-highlighte\n-00024250: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 d menu entries, \n-00024260: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 separated by a s\n-00024270: 6c61 7368 2028 272f 2729 2e20 2053 6574 lash ('/'). Set\n-00024280: 7469 6e67 0a74 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ting.this variab\n-00024290: 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 le changes those\n-000242a0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 466f 7220 7468 colors. For th\n-000242b0: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6c6f e available colo\n-000242c0: 7220 6e61 6d65 732c 0a2a 6e6f 7465 2063 r names,.*note c\n-000242d0: 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a olor_normal::...\n-000242e0: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 The default i\n-000242f0: 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2027 s the value of '\n-00024300: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2720 282a color_normal' (*\n-00024310: 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 note color_norma\n-00024320: 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 l::).....File: g\n-00024330: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00024340: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00024350: 5f62 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 _boot_file, Nex\n-00024360: 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 t: net__dhcp_server_n\n-00024380: 616d 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 6e75 ame, Prev: menu\n-00024390: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 _color_normal, \n-000243a0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-000243b0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-000243c0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3232 206e 6574 5f3c s..15.1.22 net_<\n-000243d0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f 745f INTERFACE>_boot_\n-000243e0: 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d file.-----------\n+000241f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 -------..This va\n+00024200: 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 riable contains \n+00024210: 7468 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 the foreground a\n+00024220: 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f nd background co\n+00024230: 6c6f 7273 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 640a lors to be used.\n+00024240: 666f 7220 6e6f 6e2d 6869 6768 6c69 6768 for non-highligh\n+00024250: 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 ted menu entries\n+00024260: 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 , separated by a\n+00024270: 2073 6c61 7368 2028 272f 2729 2e20 2053 slash ('/'). S\n+00024280: 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6869 7320 7661 7269 etting.this vari\n+00024290: 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f able changes tho\n+000242a0: 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 466f 7220 se colors. For \n+000242b0: 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f the available co\n+000242c0: 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 732c 0a2a 6e6f 7465 lor names,.*note\n+000242d0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e color_normal::.\n+000242e0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 .. The default\n+000242f0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 is the value of\n+00024300: 2027 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2720 'color_normal' \n+00024310: 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 (*note color_nor\n+00024320: 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mal::).....File:\n+00024330: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00024340: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__boot_file, N\n+00024360: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ext: net__dhcp_server\n+00024380: 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 _name, Prev: me\n+00024390: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c nu_color_normal,\n+000243a0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+000243b0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+000243c0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3232 206e 6574 les..15.1.22 net\n+000243d0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f __boo\n+000243e0: 745f 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_file.---------\n 000243f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024400: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n-00024410: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n-00024420: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00024430: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__dhcp_server_\n-00024450: 6e61 6d65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 name, Next: net\n-00024460: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d __dom\n-00024470: 6169 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ain, Prev: net_\n-00024480: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f 6f74 _boot\n-00024490: 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 _file, Up: Spec\n-000244a0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-000244b0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-000244c0: 3233 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 23 net__dhcp_server_n\n-000244e0: 616d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ame.------------\n+00024400: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n+00024410: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n+00024420: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00024430: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__dhcp_serve\n+00024450: 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e r_name, Next: n\n+00024460: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n+00024470: 6f6d 6169 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 omain, Prev: ne\n+00024480: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f t__bo\n+00024490: 6f74 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ot_file, Up: Sp\n+000244a0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+000244b0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+000244c0: 312e 3233 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 1.23 net__dhcp_server\n+000244e0: 5f6e 616d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _name.----------\n 000244f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024500: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n-00024510: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n-00024520: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00024530: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 o, Node: net__domain\n-00024550: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Next: net__extensi\n-00024570: 6f6e 7370 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 onspath, Prev: \n-00024580: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00024590: 6468 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 dhcp_server_name\n-000245a0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-000245b0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-000245c0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3420 6e65 bles..15.1.24 ne\n-000245d0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 646f t__do\n-000245e0: 6d61 696e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d main.-----------\n+00024500: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00024510: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n+00024520: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00024530: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+00024540: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 646f 6d61 _doma\n+00024550: 696e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c in, Next: net_<\n+00024560: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 656e INTERFACE>_exten\n+00024570: 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 sionspath, Prev\n+00024580: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__dhcp_server_na\n+000245a0: 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c me, Up: Special\n+000245b0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000245c0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3420 iables..15.1.24 \n+000245d0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+000245e0: 646f 6d61 696e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d domain.---------\n 000245f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024600: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n-00024610: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n-00024620: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00024630: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00024640: 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 682c _extensionspath,\n-00024650: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Next: net__hostname\n-00024670: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Prev: net__domain,\n-00024690: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-000246a0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-000246b0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3235 206e 6574 les..15.1.25 net\n-000246c0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 __ext\n-000246d0: 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 680a 2d2d 2d2d ensionspath.----\n+00024600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n+00024610: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n+00024620: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00024630: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__extensionspat\n+00024650: 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 h, Next: net__hostna\n+00024670: 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c me, Prev: net_<\n+00024680: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d 6169 INTERFACE>_domai\n+00024690: 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 n, Up: Special \n+000246a0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+000246b0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3235 206e ables..15.1.25 n\n+000246c0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 et__e\n+000246d0: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 680a 2d2d xtensionspath.--\n 000246e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000246f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024700: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n-00024710: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n-00024720: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00024730: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00024740: 686f 7374 6e61 6d65 2c20 204e 6578 743a hostname, Next:\n-00024750: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00024760: 5f69 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f _ip, Prev: net_\n-00024770: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6578 7465 _exte\n-00024780: 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a nsionspath, Up:\n-00024790: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-000247a0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-000247b0: 3135 2e31 2e32 3620 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 15.1.26 net__hostname\n-000247d0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00024700: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n+00024710: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n+00024720: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00024730: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__hostname, Nex\n+00024750: 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 t: net__ip, Prev: ne\n+00024770: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6578 t__ex\n+00024780: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 2055 tensionspath, U\n+00024790: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+000247a0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+000247b0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3620 6e65 745f 3c49 ..15.1.26 net__hostna\n+000247d0: 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d me.-------------\n 000247e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000247f0: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n-00024800: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00024810: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-00024820: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f69 et__i\n-00024830: 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 p, Next: net__mac, \n-00024850: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Prev: net__hostname, \n-00024870: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00024880: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00024890: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3720 6e65 745f es..15.1.27 net_\n-000248a0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 0a2d _ip.-\n-000248b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000248c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n-000248d0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n-000248e0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000248f0: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Node: net__mac, Nex\n-00024910: 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 t: net__next_server, \n-00024930: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Prev: net__ip, Up: \n-00024950: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00024960: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00024970: 352e 312e 3238 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5.1.28 net__mac.-----\n+000247f0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n+00024800: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n+00024810: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00024820: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00024830: 5f69 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f _ip, Next: net_\n+00024840: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 632c _mac,\n+00024850: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Prev: net__hostname\n+00024870: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00024880: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00024890: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3720 6e65 bles..15.1.27 ne\n+000248a0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 t__ip\n+000248b0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+000248c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n+000248d0: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n+000248e0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000248f0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Node: net__mac, N\n+00024910: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ext: net__next_server\n+00024930: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Prev: net__ip, Up\n+00024950: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00024960: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00024970: 0a31 352e 312e 3238 206e 6574 5f3c 494e .15.1.28 net__mac.---\n 00024990: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000249a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n-000249b0: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n-000249c0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000249d0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__next_server,\n-000249f0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Next: net__rootpath\n-00024a10: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Prev: net__mac, U\n-00024a30: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00024a40: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00024a50: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3920 6e65 745f 3c49 ..15.1.29 net__next_s\n-00024a70: 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d erver.----------\n+000249a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n+000249b0: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n+000249c0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000249d0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__next_serve\n+000249f0: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 r, Next: net__rootpa\n+00024a10: 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c th, Prev: net_<\n+00024a20: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 2c20 INTERFACE>_mac, \n+00024a30: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00024a40: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00024a50: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3920 6e65 745f es..15.1.29 net_\n+00024a60: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6e65 7874 _next\n+00024a70: 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _server.--------\n 00024a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024a90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n-00024aa0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n-00024ab0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00024ac0: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Node: net__rootpath,\n-00024ae0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Next: net_defa\n-00024af0: 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 ult_interface, \n-00024b00: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Prev: net__next_serve\n-00024b20: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 r, Up: Special \n-00024b30: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00024b40: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3330 206e ables..15.1.30 n\n-00024b50: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 et__r\n-00024b60: 6f6f 7470 6174 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ootpath.--------\n+00024a90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n+00024aa0: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n+00024ab0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00024ac0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Node: net__rootpat\n+00024ae0: 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 h, Next: net_de\n+00024af0: 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c fault_interface,\n+00024b00: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Prev: net__next_ser\n+00024b20: 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ver, Up: Specia\n+00024b30: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00024b40: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3330 riables..15.1.30\n+00024b50: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00024b60: 5f72 6f6f 7470 6174 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _rootpath.------\n 00024b70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024b80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n-00024b90: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n-00024ba0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00024bb0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Node: net_defaul\n-00024bc0: 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 4e65 t_interface, Ne\n-00024bd0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f xt: net_default_\n-00024be0: 6970 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c ip, Prev: net_<\n-00024bf0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f 7470 INTERFACE>_rootp\n-00024c00: 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ath, Up: Specia\n-00024c10: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00024c20: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3331 riables..15.1.31\n-00024c30: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 net_default_int\n-00024c40: 6572 6661 6365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d erface.---------\n+00024b80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n+00024b90: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n+00024ba0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00024bb0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Node: net_defa\n+00024bc0: 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 ult_interface, \n+00024bd0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Next: net_defaul\n+00024be0: 745f 6970 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 t_ip, Prev: net\n+00024bf0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f __roo\n+00024c00: 7470 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 tpath, Up: Spec\n+00024c10: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00024c20: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00024c30: 3331 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 31 net_default_i\n+00024c40: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nterface.-------\n 00024c50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024c60: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n-00024c70: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n-00024c80: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00024c90: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 : net_default_ip\n-00024ca0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 , Next: net_def\n-00024cb0: 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 2050 7265 763a ault_mac, Prev:\n-00024cc0: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 net_default_int\n-00024cd0: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 erface, Up: Spe\n-00024ce0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00024cf0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00024d00: 2e33 3220 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f .32 net_default_\n-00024d10: 6970 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ip.-------------\n-00024d20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n-00024d30: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n-00024d40: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00024d50: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 Node: net_defau\n-00024d60: 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e lt_mac, Next: n\n-00024d70: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 et_default_serve\n-00024d80: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 r, Prev: net_de\n-00024d90: 6661 756c 745f 6970 2c20 2055 703a 2053 fault_ip, Up: S\n-00024da0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00024db0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00024dc0: 2e31 2e33 3320 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c .1.33 net_defaul\n-00024dd0: 745f 6d61 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_mac.----------\n-00024de0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n-00024df0: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-00024e00: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00024e10: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 fo, Node: net_d\n-00024e20: 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 efault_server, \n-00024e30: 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 6765 722c 2020 5072 Next: pager, Pr\n-00024e40: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f ev: net_default_\n-00024e50: 6d61 632c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 mac, Up: Specia\n-00024e60: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00024e70: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3334 riables..15.1.34\n-00024e80: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 net_default_ser\n-00024e90: 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ver.------------\n-00024ea0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00024eb0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n-00024ec0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00024ed0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 6765 nfo, Node: page\n-00024ee0: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7072 6566 6978 r, Next: prefix\n-00024ef0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 , Prev: net_def\n-00024f00: 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5570 ault_server, Up\n-00024f10: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00024f20: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00024f30: 0a31 352e 312e 3335 2070 6167 6572 0a2d .15.1.35 pager.-\n-00024f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n-00024f50: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2731 272c 2070 6175 set to '1', pau\n-00024f60: 7365 206f 7574 7075 7420 6166 7465 7220 se output after \n-00024f70: 6561 6368 2073 6372 6565 6e66 756c 2061 each screenful a\n-00024f80: 6e64 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 6b65 7962 nd wait for keyb\n-00024f90: 6f61 7264 0a69 6e70 7574 2e20 2054 6865 oard.input. The\n-00024fa0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 default is not \n-00024fb0: 746f 2070 6175 7365 206f 7574 7075 742e to pause output.\n-00024fc0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00024fd0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 6566 nfo, Node: pref\n-00024fe0: 6978 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 7865 5f62 ix, Next: pxe_b\n-00024ff0: 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 lksize, Prev: p\n-00025000: 6167 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 ager, Up: Speci\n-00025010: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00025020: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 ariables..15.1.3\n-00025030: 3620 7072 6566 6978 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6 prefix.-------\n-00025040: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 206c 6f63 -------..The loc\n-00025050: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2027 2f62 ation of the '/b\n-00025060: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2720 6469 7265 6374 oot/grub' direct\n-00025070: 6f72 7920 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 ory as an absolu\n-00025080: 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 0a28 2a6e te file name.(*n\n-00025090: 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 ote File name sy\n-000250a0: 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2069 ntax::). This i\n-000250b0: 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 s normally set b\n-000250c0: 7920 4752 5542 2061 7420 7374 6172 7475 y GRUB at startu\n-000250d0: 700a 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2069 6e66 6f72 p.based on infor\n-000250e0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 mation provided \n-000250f0: 6279 2027 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c by 'grub-install\n-00025100: 272e 2020 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6573 '. GRUB modules\n-00025110: 2061 7265 0a64 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 are.dynamically\n-00025120: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 loaded from thi\n-00025130: 7320 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2073 6f20 s directory, so \n-00025140: 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 2073 6574 2063 it must be set c\n-00025150: 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e0a 6f72 6465 orrectly in.orde\n-00025160: 7220 666f 7220 6d61 6e79 2070 6172 7473 r for many parts\n-00025170: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 776f 726b of GRUB to work\n-00025180: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00025190: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 info, Node: pxe\n-000251a0: 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 204e 6578 743a _blksize, Next:\n-000251b0: 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 pxe_default_gat\n-000251c0: 6577 6179 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 7265 eway, Prev: pre\n-000251d0: 6669 782c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 fix, Up: Specia\n-000251e0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-000251f0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3337 riables..15.1.37\n-00025200: 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 0a2d 2d2d pxe_blksize.---\n+00024c60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n+00024c70: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n+00024c80: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00024c90: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f de: net_default_\n+00024ca0: 6970 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 ip, Next: net_d\n+00024cb0: 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 2050 7265 efault_mac, Pre\n+00024cc0: 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 v: net_default_i\n+00024cd0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2053 nterface, Up: S\n+00024ce0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00024cf0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00024d00: 2e31 2e33 3220 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c .1.32 net_defaul\n+00024d10: 745f 6970 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_ip.-----------\n+00024d20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n+00024d30: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n+00024d40: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00024d50: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 , Node: net_def\n+00024d60: 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 204e 6578 743a ault_mac, Next:\n+00024d70: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 net_default_ser\n+00024d80: 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ver, Prev: net_\n+00024d90: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 2c20 2055 703a default_ip, Up:\n+00024da0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00024db0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00024dc0: 3135 2e31 2e33 3320 6e65 745f 6465 6661 15.1.33 net_defa\n+00024dd0: 756c 745f 6d61 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ult_mac.--------\n+00024de0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00024df0: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n+00024e00: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00024e10: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+00024e20: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c _default_server,\n+00024e30: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 6765 722c 2020 Next: pager, \n+00024e40: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Prev: net_defaul\n+00024e50: 745f 6d61 632c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 t_mac, Up: Spec\n+00024e60: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00024e70: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00024e80: 3334 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 34 net_default_s\n+00024e90: 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d erver.----------\n+00024ea0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00024eb0: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n+00024ec0: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+00024ed0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 .info, Node: pa\n+00024ee0: 6765 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7072 6566 ger, Next: pref\n+00024ef0: 6978 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 ix, Prev: net_d\n+00024f00: 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 efault_server, \n+00024f10: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00024f20: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00024f30: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3335 2070 6167 6572 s..15.1.35 pager\n+00024f40: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n+00024f50: 4966 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2731 272c 2070 If set to '1', p\n+00024f60: 6175 7365 206f 7574 7075 7420 6166 7465 ause output afte\n+00024f70: 7220 6561 6368 2073 6372 6565 6e66 756c r each screenful\n+00024f80: 2061 6e64 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 6b65 and wait for ke\n+00024f90: 7962 6f61 7264 0a69 6e70 7574 2e20 2054 yboard.input. T\n+00024fa0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 6e6f he default is no\n+00024fb0: 7420 746f 2070 6175 7365 206f 7574 7075 t to pause outpu\n+00024fc0: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n+00024fd0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 .info, Node: pr\n+00024fe0: 6566 6978 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 7865 efix, Next: pxe\n+00024ff0: 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 2050 7265 763a _blksize, Prev:\n+00025000: 2070 6167 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 pager, Up: Spe\n+00025010: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00025020: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00025030: 2e33 3620 7072 6566 6978 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .36 prefix.-----\n+00025040: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 206c ---------..The l\n+00025050: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2027 ocation of the '\n+00025060: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2720 6469 7265 /boot/grub' dire\n+00025070: 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f ctory as an abso\n+00025080: 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 0a28 lute file name.(\n+00025090: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 *note File name \n+000250a0: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 syntax::). This\n+000250b0: 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2073 6574 is normally set\n+000250c0: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2061 7420 7374 6172 by GRUB at star\n+000250d0: 7475 700a 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2069 6e66 tup.based on inf\n+000250e0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2070 726f 7669 6465 ormation provide\n+000250f0: 6420 6279 2027 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 d by 'grub-insta\n+00025100: 6c6c 272e 2020 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c ll'. GRUB modul\n+00025110: 6573 2061 7265 0a64 796e 616d 6963 616c es are.dynamical\n+00025120: 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 ly loaded from t\n+00025130: 6869 7320 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2073 his directory, s\n+00025140: 6f20 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 2073 6574 o it must be set\n+00025150: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e0a 6f72 correctly in.or\n+00025160: 6465 7220 666f 7220 6d61 6e79 2070 6172 der for many par\n+00025170: 7473 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 776f ts of GRUB to wo\n+00025180: 726b 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 rk.....File: gru\n+00025190: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 b.info, Node: p\n+000251a0: 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 204e 6578 xe_blksize, Nex\n+000251b0: 743a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 t: pxe_default_g\n+000251c0: 6174 6577 6179 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 ateway, Prev: p\n+000251d0: 7265 6669 782c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 refix, Up: Spec\n+000251e0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+000251f0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00025200: 3337 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 0a2d 37 pxe_blksize.-\n 00025210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025220: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n-00025230: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n-00025240: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 .info, Node: px\n-00025250: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 e_default_gatewa\n-00025260: 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f 6465 y, Next: pxe_de\n-00025270: 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2050 fault_server, P\n-00025280: 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 rev: pxe_blksize\n-00025290: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-000252a0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-000252b0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3820 7078 bles..15.1.38 px\n-000252c0: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 e_default_gatewa\n-000252d0: 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d y.--------------\n-000252e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n-000252f0: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-00025300: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00025310: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 5f64 fo, Node: pxe_d\n-00025320: 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 efault_server, \n-00025330: 4e65 7874 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 Next: root, Pre\n-00025340: 763a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 v: pxe_default_g\n-00025350: 6174 6577 6179 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 ateway, Up: Spe\n-00025360: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00025370: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00025380: 2e33 3920 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f .39 pxe_default_\n-00025390: 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d server.---------\n+00025220: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n+00025230: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n+00025240: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00025250: 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 pxe_default_gate\n+00025260: 7761 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f way, Next: pxe_\n+00025270: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 default_server, \n+00025280: 2050 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 Prev: pxe_blksi\n+00025290: 7a65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ze, Up: Special\n+000252a0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000252b0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3820 iables..15.1.38 \n+000252c0: 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 pxe_default_gate\n+000252d0: 7761 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d way.------------\n+000252e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+000252f0: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n+00025300: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00025310: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 info, Node: pxe\n+00025320: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c _default_server,\n+00025330: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 2050 Next: root, P\n+00025340: 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 rev: pxe_default\n+00025350: 5f67 6174 6577 6179 2c20 2055 703a 2053 _gateway, Up: S\n+00025360: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00025370: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00025380: 2e31 2e33 3920 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c .1.39 pxe_defaul\n+00025390: 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_server.-------\n 000253a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000253b0: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n-000253c0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-000253d0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 b.info, Node: r\n-000253e0: 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7375 7065 oot, Next: supe\n-000253f0: 7275 7365 7273 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 rusers, Prev: p\n-00025400: 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 xe_default_serve\n-00025410: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 r, Up: Special \n-00025420: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00025430: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3430 2072 ables..15.1.40 r\n-00025440: 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oot.------------\n-00025450: 0a0a 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 ..The root devic\n-00025460: 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 e name (*note De\n-00025470: 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 vice syntax::). \n-00025480: 2041 6e79 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 Any file names \n-00025490: 7468 6174 2064 6f0a 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 that do.not spec\n-000254a0: 6966 7920 616e 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 ify an explicit \n-000254b0: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6172 6520 device name are \n-000254c0: 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6973 2064 read from this d\n-000254d0: 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 650a 6465 6661 evice. The.defa\n-000254e0: 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 ult is normally \n-000254f0: 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6174 2073 set by GRUB at s\n-00025500: 7461 7274 7570 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 tartup based on \n-00025510: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a27 7072 the value of.'pr\n-00025520: 6566 6978 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 7265 efix' (*note pre\n-00025530: 6669 783a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 fix::)... For \n-00025540: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2069 6620 4752 5542 example, if GRUB\n-00025550: 2077 6173 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2074 was installed t\n-00025560: 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 o the first part\n-00025570: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a66 6972 ition of the.fir\n-00025580: 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7468 st hard disk, th\n-00025590: 656e 2027 7072 6566 6978 2720 6d69 6768 en 'prefix' migh\n-000255a0: 7420 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2728 6864 t be set to '(hd\n-000255b0: 302c 6d73 646f 7331 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 0,msdos1)/boot/g\n-000255c0: 7275 6227 0a61 6e64 2027 726f 6f74 2720 rub'.and 'root' \n-000255d0: 746f 2027 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 272e to 'hd0,msdos1'.\n-000255e0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000255f0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 7065 nfo, Node: supe\n-00025600: 7275 7365 7273 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 rusers, Next: t\n-00025610: 6865 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6f6f heme, Prev: roo\n-00025620: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 t, Up: Special \n-00025630: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00025640: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3431 2073 ables..15.1.41 s\n-00025650: 7570 6572 7573 6572 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d uperusers.------\n-00025660: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n-00025670: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 is variable may \n-00025680: 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6c69 7374 be set to a list\n-00025690: 206f 6620 7375 7065 7275 7365 7220 6e61 of superuser na\n-000256a0: 6d65 7320 746f 2065 6e61 626c 650a 6175 mes to enable.au\n-000256b0: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 thentication sup\n-000256c0: 706f 7274 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 port. *Note Sec\n-000256d0: 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 urity::.....File\n-000256e0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000256f0: 6465 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 de: theme, Next\n-00025700: 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 5072 6576 : timeout, Prev\n-00025710: 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 2055 : superusers, U\n-00025720: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00025730: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00025740: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3220 7468 656d 650a ..15.1.42 theme.\n-00025750: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n-00025760: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 his variable may\n-00025770: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 2064 6972 be set to a dir\n-00025780: 6563 746f 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e ectory containin\n-00025790: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 g a GRUB graphic\n-000257a0: 616c 206d 656e 750a 7468 656d 652e 2020 al menu.theme. \n-000257b0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 *Note Theme file\n-000257c0: 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 format::... T\n-000257d0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n-000257e0: 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 2027 4752 often set by 'GR\n-000257f0: 5542 5f54 4845 4d45 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 UB_THEME' (*note\n-00025800: 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple.configur\n-00025810: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ation::).....Fil\n-00025820: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00025830: 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 204e ode: timeout, N\n-00025840: 6578 743a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 ext: timeout_sty\n-00025850: 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6865 6d65 le, Prev: theme\n-00025860: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00025870: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00025880: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3320 7469 bles..15.1.43 ti\n-00025890: 6d65 6f75 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d meout.----------\n-000258a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 -----..If this v\n-000258b0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 ariable is set, \n-000258c0: 6974 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 it specifies the\n-000258d0: 2074 696d 6520 696e 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 time in seconds\n-000258e0: 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 0a6b 6579 to wait for.key\n-000258f0: 626f 6172 6420 696e 7075 7420 6265 666f board input befo\n-00025900: 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 re booting the d\n-00025910: 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 efault menu entr\n-00025920: 792e 2020 4120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 y. A timeout of\n-00025930: 2027 3027 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 626f '0'.means to bo\n-00025940: 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 ot the default e\n-00025950: 6e74 7279 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 ntry immediately\n-00025960: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2064 6973 706c 6179 without display\n-00025970: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3b0a 6120 ing the menu;.a \n-00025980: 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 2027 2d31 2720 timeout of '-1' \n-00025990: 286f 7220 756e 7365 7429 206d 6561 6e73 (or unset) means\n-000259a0: 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2069 6e64 6566 696e to wait indefin\n-000259b0: 6974 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 2774 itely... If 't\n-000259c0: 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 2720 282a imeout_style' (*\n-000259d0: 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 note timeout_sty\n-000259e0: 6c65 3a3a 2920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 le::) is set to \n-000259f0: 2763 6f75 6e74 646f 776e 2720 6f72 0a27 'countdown' or.'\n-00025a00: 6869 6464 656e 272c 2074 6865 2074 696d hidden', the tim\n-00025a10: 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 eout is instead \n-00025a20: 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 2074 counted before t\n-00025a30: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 706c he menu is displ\n-00025a40: 6179 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 ayed... This v\n-00025a50: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e ariable is often\n-00025a60: 2073 6574 2062 7920 2747 5255 425f 5449 set by 'GRUB_TI\n-00025a70: 4d45 4f55 5427 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 MEOUT' (*note Si\n-00025a80: 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple.configurati\n-00025a90: 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 on::).....File: \n-00025aa0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00025ab0: 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 652c : timeout_style,\n-00025ac0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 742c Prev: timeout,\n-00025ad0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00025ae0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00025af0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3434 2074 696d les..15.1.44 tim\n-00025b00: 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d eout_style.-----\n+000253b0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n+000253c0: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n+000253d0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000253e0: 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7375 root, Next: su\n+000253f0: 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 2050 7265 763a perusers, Prev:\n+00025400: 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 pxe_default_ser\n+00025410: 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ver, Up: Specia\n+00025420: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00025430: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3430 riables..15.1.40\n+00025440: 2072 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d root.----------\n+00025450: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 --..The root dev\n+00025460: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ice name (*note \n+00025470: 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 Device syntax::)\n+00025480: 2e20 2041 6e79 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 . Any file name\n+00025490: 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f0a 6e6f 7420 7370 s that do.not sp\n+000254a0: 6563 6966 7920 616e 2065 7870 6c69 6369 ecify an explici\n+000254b0: 7420 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6172 t device name ar\n+000254c0: 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6973 e read from this\n+000254d0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 650a 6465 device. The.de\n+000254e0: 6661 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c fault is normall\n+000254f0: 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6174 y set by GRUB at\n+00025500: 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 6173 6564 206f startup based o\n+00025510: 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a27 n the value of.'\n+00025520: 7072 6566 6978 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 prefix' (*note p\n+00025530: 7265 6669 783a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f refix::)... Fo\n+00025540: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2069 6620 4752 r example, if GR\n+00025550: 5542 2077 6173 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 UB was installed\n+00025560: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 to the first pa\n+00025570: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a66 rtition of the.f\n+00025580: 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 irst hard disk, \n+00025590: 7468 656e 2027 7072 6566 6978 2720 6d69 then 'prefix' mi\n+000255a0: 6768 7420 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2728 ght be set to '(\n+000255b0: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 292f 626f 6f74 hd0,msdos1)/boot\n+000255c0: 2f67 7275 6227 0a61 6e64 2027 726f 6f74 /grub'.and 'root\n+000255d0: 2720 746f 2027 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 ' to 'hd0,msdos1\n+000255e0: 272e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 '.....File: grub\n+000255f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 .info, Node: su\n+00025600: 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 204e 6578 743a perusers, Next:\n+00025610: 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 theme, Prev: r\n+00025620: 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 oot, Up: Specia\n+00025630: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00025640: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3431 riables..15.1.41\n+00025650: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 730a 2d2d 2d2d superusers.----\n+00025660: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00025670: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 This variable ma\n+00025680: 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6c69 y be set to a li\n+00025690: 7374 206f 6620 7375 7065 7275 7365 7220 st of superuser \n+000256a0: 6e61 6d65 7320 746f 2065 6e61 626c 650a names to enable.\n+000256b0: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 authentication s\n+000256c0: 7570 706f 7274 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 upport. *Note S\n+000256d0: 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ecurity::.....Fi\n+000256e0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000256f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 4e65 Node: theme, Ne\n+00025700: 7874 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 5072 xt: timeout, Pr\n+00025710: 6576 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 ev: superusers, \n+00025720: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00025730: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00025740: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3220 7468 656d es..15.1.42 them\n+00025750: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a e.-------------.\n+00025760: 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d .This variable m\n+00025770: 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 2064 ay be set to a d\n+00025780: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 696e irectory contain\n+00025790: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 ing a GRUB graph\n+000257a0: 6963 616c 206d 656e 750a 7468 656d 652e ical menu.theme.\n+000257b0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 656d 6520 6669 *Note Theme fi\n+000257c0: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 le format::... \n+000257d0: 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 This variable i\n+000257e0: 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 2027 s often set by '\n+000257f0: 4752 5542 5f54 4845 4d45 2720 282a 6e6f GRUB_THEME' (*no\n+00025800: 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 te Simple.config\n+00025810: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 uration::).....F\n+00025820: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00025830: 204e 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 Node: timeout, \n+00025840: 204e 6578 743a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 Next: timeout_s\n+00025850: 7479 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6865 tyle, Prev: the\n+00025860: 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c me, Up: Special\n+00025870: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00025880: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3320 iables..15.1.43 \n+00025890: 7469 6d65 6f75 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d timeout.--------\n+000258a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n+000258b0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n+000258c0: 2c20 6974 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 , it specifies t\n+000258d0: 6865 2074 696d 6520 696e 2073 6563 6f6e he time in secon\n+000258e0: 6473 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 0a6b ds to wait for.k\n+000258f0: 6579 626f 6172 6420 696e 7075 7420 6265 eyboard input be\n+00025900: 666f 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 fore booting the\n+00025910: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e default menu en\n+00025920: 7472 792e 2020 4120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 try. A timeout \n+00025930: 6f66 2027 3027 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 of '0'.means to \n+00025940: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 boot the default\n+00025950: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 entry immediate\n+00025960: 6c79 2077 6974 686f 7574 2064 6973 706c ly without displ\n+00025970: 6179 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3b0a aying the menu;.\n+00025980: 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 2027 2d31 a timeout of '-1\n+00025990: 2720 286f 7220 756e 7365 7429 206d 6561 ' (or unset) mea\n+000259a0: 6e73 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2069 6e64 6566 ns to wait indef\n+000259b0: 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 initely... If \n+000259c0: 2774 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 2720 'timeout_style' \n+000259d0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 (*note timeout_s\n+000259e0: 7479 6c65 3a3a 2920 6973 2073 6574 2074 tyle::) is set t\n+000259f0: 6f20 2763 6f75 6e74 646f 776e 2720 6f72 o 'countdown' or\n+00025a00: 0a27 6869 6464 656e 272c 2074 6865 2074 .'hidden', the t\n+00025a10: 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 imeout is instea\n+00025a20: 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 d counted before\n+00025a30: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 the menu is dis\n+00025a40: 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 played... This\n+00025a50: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 variable is oft\n+00025a60: 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 2747 5255 425f en set by 'GRUB_\n+00025a70: 5449 4d45 4f55 5427 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 TIMEOUT' (*note \n+00025a80: 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple.configura\n+00025a90: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 tion::).....File\n+00025aa0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00025ab0: 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c de: timeout_styl\n+00025ac0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 e, Prev: timeou\n+00025ad0: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 t, Up: Special \n+00025ae0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00025af0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3434 2074 ables..15.1.44 t\n+00025b00: 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 0a2d 2d2d imeout_style.---\n 00025b10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025b20: 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ..This variable \n-00025b30: 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 276d may be set to 'm\n-00025b40: 656e 7527 2c20 2763 6f75 6e74 646f 776e enu', 'countdown\n-00025b50: 272c 206f 7220 2768 6964 6465 6e27 2074 ', or 'hidden' t\n-00025b60: 6f20 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 7468 6520 7761 o control.the wa\n-00025b70: 7920 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 2074 y in which the t\n-00025b80: 696d 656f 7574 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7469 imeout (*note ti\n-00025b90: 6d65 6f75 743a 3a29 2069 6e74 6572 6163 meout::) interac\n-00025ba0: 7473 2077 6974 6820 6469 7370 6c61 7969 ts with displayi\n-00025bb0: 6e67 0a74 6865 206d 656e 752e 2020 5365 ng.the menu. Se\n-00025bc0: 6520 7468 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 e the documentat\n-00025bd0: 696f 6e20 6f66 2027 4752 5542 5f54 494d ion of 'GRUB_TIM\n-00025be0: 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 2720 282a 6e6f EOUT_STYLE' (*no\n-00025bf0: 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 te Simple.config\n-00025c00: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2064 uration::) for d\n-00025c10: 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a etails.....File:\n-00025c20: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00025c30: 653a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 e: Environment b\n-00025c40: 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 7065 lock, Prev: Spe\n-00025c50: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00025c60: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 2055 703a variables, Up:\n-00025c70: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a0a 3135 Environment..15\n-00025c80: 2e32 2054 6865 2047 5255 4220 656e 7669 .2 The GRUB envi\n-00025c90: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a 3d3d ronment block.==\n+00025b20: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c --..This variabl\n+00025b30: 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e may be set to \n+00025b40: 276d 656e 7527 2c20 2763 6f75 6e74 646f 'menu', 'countdo\n+00025b50: 776e 272c 206f 7220 2768 6964 6465 6e27 wn', or 'hidden'\n+00025b60: 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 7468 6520 to control.the \n+00025b70: 7761 7920 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 way in which the\n+00025b80: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 timeout (*note \n+00025b90: 7469 6d65 6f75 743a 3a29 2069 6e74 6572 timeout::) inter\n+00025ba0: 6163 7473 2077 6974 6820 6469 7370 6c61 acts with displa\n+00025bb0: 7969 6e67 0a74 6865 206d 656e 752e 2020 ying.the menu. \n+00025bc0: 5365 6520 7468 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 See the document\n+00025bd0: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2027 4752 5542 5f54 ation of 'GRUB_T\n+00025be0: 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 2720 282a IMEOUT_STYLE' (*\n+00025bf0: 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 note Simple.conf\n+00025c00: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2066 6f72 iguration::) for\n+00025c10: 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c details.....Fil\n+00025c20: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00025c30: 6f64 653a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 ode: Environment\n+00025c40: 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 block, Prev: S\n+00025c50: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00025c60: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 2055 nt variables, U\n+00025c70: 703a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a0a p: Environment..\n+00025c80: 3135 2e32 2054 6865 2047 5255 4220 656e 15.2 The GRUB en\n+00025c90: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a vironment block.\n 00025ca0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00025cb0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 =============..I\n-00025cc0: 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e 2075 7365 6675 t is often usefu\n-00025cd0: 6c20 746f 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 l to be able to \n-00025ce0: 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c remember a small\n-00025cf0: 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2069 6e66 6f72 amount of infor\n-00025d00: 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a66 726f 6d20 6f6e 6520 mation.from one \n-00025d10: 626f 6f74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 7874 boot to the next\n-00025d20: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 . For example, \n-00025d30: 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 7761 6e74 2074 you might want t\n-00025d40: 6f20 7365 7420 7468 650a 6465 6661 756c o set the.defaul\n-00025d50: 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2062 6173 t menu entry bas\n-00025d60: 6564 206f 6e20 7768 6174 2077 6173 2073 ed on what was s\n-00025d70: 656c 6563 7465 6420 7468 6520 6c61 7374 elected the last\n-00025d80: 2074 696d 652e 2020 4752 5542 0a64 656c time. GRUB.del\n-00025d90: 6962 6572 6174 656c 7920 646f 6573 206e iberately does n\n-00025da0: 6f74 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 7570 ot implement sup\n-00025db0: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2077 7269 7469 6e67 port for writing\n-00025dc0: 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 files in order \n-00025dd0: 746f 0a6d 696e 696d 6973 6520 7468 6520 to.minimise the \n-00025de0: 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2074 possibility of t\n-00025df0: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2062 he boot loader b\n-00025e00: 6569 6e67 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 eing responsible\n-00025e10: 2066 6f72 2066 696c 650a 7379 7374 656d for file.system\n-00025e20: 2063 6f72 7275 7074 696f 6e2c 2073 6f20 corruption, so \n-00025e30: 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 a GRUB configura\n-00025e40: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 tion file cannot\n-00025e50: 206a 7573 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 0a66 just create a.f\n-00025e60: 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206f 7264 696e ile in the ordin\n-00025e70: 6172 7920 7761 792e 2020 486f 7765 7665 ary way. Howeve\n-00025e80: 722c 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 r, GRUB provides\n-00025e90: 2061 6e20 2265 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 an \"environment\n-00025ea0: 2062 6c6f 636b 220a 7768 6963 6820 6361 block\".which ca\n-00025eb0: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 6176 n be used to sav\n-00025ec0: 6520 6120 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 e a small amount\n-00025ed0: 206f 6620 7374 6174 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 of state... T\n-00025ee0: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 he environment b\n-00025ef0: 6c6f 636b 2069 7320 6120 7072 6561 6c6c lock is a preall\n-00025f00: 6f63 6174 6564 2031 3032 342d 6279 7465 ocated 1024-byte\n-00025f10: 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 0a6e 6f72 file, which.nor\n-00025f20: 6d61 6c6c 7920 6c69 7665 7320 696e 2027 mally lives in '\n-00025f30: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 6265 /boot/grub/grube\n-00025f40: 6e76 2720 2861 6c74 686f 7567 6820 796f nv' (although yo\n-00025f50: 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2061 7373 u should not ass\n-00025f60: 756d 650a 7468 6973 292e 2020 4174 2062 ume.this). At b\n-00025f70: 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6520 276c oot time, the 'l\n-00025f80: 6f61 645f 656e 7627 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 oad_env' command\n-00025f90: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 (*note load_env\n-00025fa0: 3a3a 2920 6c6f 6164 730a 656e 7669 726f ::) loads.enviro\n-00025fb0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 nment variables \n-00025fc0: 6672 6f6d 2069 742c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 from it, and the\n-00025fd0: 2027 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2720 282a 6e6f 'save_env' (*no\n-00025fe0: 7465 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a29 0a63 te save_env::).c\n-00025ff0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 6176 6573 2065 6e76 ommand saves env\n-00026000: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00026010: 6573 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 2046 726f 6d20 es to it. From \n-00026020: 6120 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d a running system\n-00026030: 2c20 7468 650a 2767 7275 622d 6564 6974 , the.'grub-edit\n-00026040: 656e 7627 2075 7469 6c69 7479 2063 616e env' utility can\n-00026050: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6564 6974 be used to edit\n-00026060: 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 the environment\n-00026070: 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 block... For \n-00026080: 7361 6665 7479 2072 6561 736f 6e73 2c20 safety reasons, \n-00026090: 7468 6973 2073 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 this storage is \n-000260a0: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2077 only available w\n-000260b0: 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e hen installed on\n-000260c0: 0a61 2070 6c61 696e 2064 6973 6b20 286e .a plain disk (n\n-000260d0: 6f20 4c56 4d20 6f72 2052 4149 4429 2c20 o LVM or RAID), \n-000260e0: 7573 696e 6720 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6368 6563 using a non-chec\n-000260f0: 6b73 756d 6d69 6e67 2066 696c 6573 7973 ksumming filesys\n-00026100: 7465 6d20 286e 6f0a 5a46 5329 2c20 616e tem (no.ZFS), an\n-00026110: 6420 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 206f 7220 d using BIOS or \n-00026120: 4546 4920 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 286e EFI functions (n\n-00026130: 6f20 4154 412c 2055 5342 206f 7220 4945 o ATA, USB or IE\n-00026140: 4545 3132 3735 292e 0a0a 2020 2027 6772 EE1275)... 'gr\n-00026150: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2075 7365 ub-mkconfig' use\n-00026160: 7320 7468 6973 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 s this facility \n-00026170: 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2027 4752 to implement 'GR\n-00026180: 5542 5f53 4156 4544 4546 4155 4c54 270a UB_SAVEDEFAULT'.\n-00026190: 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f (*note Simple co\n-000261a0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a nfiguration::)..\n-000261b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000261c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 fo, Node: Comma\n-000261d0: 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 7465 nds, Next: Inte\n-000261e0: 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e rnationalisation\n-000261f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e , Prev: Environ\n-00026200: 6d65 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a ment, Up: Top..\n-00026210: 3136 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 16 The list of a\n-00026220: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 vailable command\n-00026230: 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a s.**************\n+00025cb0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00025cc0: 0a49 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e 2075 7365 .It is often use\n+00025cd0: 6675 6c20 746f 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 ful to be able t\n+00025ce0: 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 2061 2073 6d61 o remember a sma\n+00025cf0: 6c6c 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2069 6e66 ll amount of inf\n+00025d00: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a66 726f 6d20 6f6e ormation.from on\n+00025d10: 6520 626f 6f74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 e boot to the ne\n+00025d20: 7874 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 xt. For example\n+00025d30: 2c20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 7761 6e74 , you might want\n+00025d40: 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 650a 6465 6661 to set the.defa\n+00025d50: 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2062 ult menu entry b\n+00025d60: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7768 6174 2077 6173 ased on what was\n+00025d70: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7468 6520 6c61 selected the la\n+00025d80: 7374 2074 696d 652e 2020 4752 5542 0a64 st time. GRUB.d\n+00025d90: 656c 6962 6572 6174 656c 7920 646f 6573 eliberately does\n+00025da0: 206e 6f74 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 not implement s\n+00025db0: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2077 7269 7469 upport for writi\n+00025dc0: 6e67 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 ng files in orde\n+00025dd0: 7220 746f 0a6d 696e 696d 6973 6520 7468 r to.minimise th\n+00025de0: 6520 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 e possibility of\n+00025df0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 the boot loader\n+00025e00: 2062 6569 6e67 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 being responsib\n+00025e10: 6c65 2066 6f72 2066 696c 650a 7379 7374 le for file.syst\n+00025e20: 656d 2063 6f72 7275 7074 696f 6e2c 2073 em corruption, s\n+00025e30: 6f20 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 o a GRUB configu\n+00025e40: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e6e ration file cann\n+00025e50: 6f74 206a 7573 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 ot just create a\n+00025e60: 0a66 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206f 7264 .file in the ord\n+00025e70: 696e 6172 7920 7761 792e 2020 486f 7765 inary way. Howe\n+00025e80: 7665 722c 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 ver, GRUB provid\n+00025e90: 6573 2061 6e20 2265 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 es an \"environme\n+00025ea0: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 220a 7768 6963 6820 nt block\".which \n+00025eb0: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 can be used to s\n+00025ec0: 6176 6520 6120 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 ave a small amou\n+00025ed0: 6e74 206f 6620 7374 6174 652e 0a0a 2020 nt of state... \n+00025ee0: 2054 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 The environment\n+00025ef0: 2062 6c6f 636b 2069 7320 6120 7072 6561 block is a prea\n+00025f00: 6c6c 6f63 6174 6564 2031 3032 342d 6279 llocated 1024-by\n+00025f10: 7465 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 0a6e te file, which.n\n+00025f20: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6c69 7665 7320 696e ormally lives in\n+00025f30: 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 '/boot/grub/gru\n+00025f40: 6265 6e76 2720 2861 6c74 686f 7567 6820 benv' (although \n+00025f50: 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2061 you should not a\n+00025f60: 7373 756d 650a 7468 6973 292e 2020 4174 ssume.this). At\n+00025f70: 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6520 boot time, the \n+00025f80: 276c 6f61 645f 656e 7627 2063 6f6d 6d61 'load_env' comma\n+00025f90: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 nd (*note load_e\n+00025fa0: 6e76 3a3a 2920 6c6f 6164 730a 656e 7669 nv::) loads.envi\n+00025fb0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00025fc0: 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 742c 2061 6e64 2074 s from it, and t\n+00025fd0: 6865 2027 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2720 282a he 'save_env' (*\n+00025fe0: 6e6f 7465 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a29 note save_env::)\n+00025ff0: 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 6176 6573 2065 .command saves e\n+00026000: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00026010: 626c 6573 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 2046 726f bles to it. Fro\n+00026020: 6d20 6120 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7379 7374 m a running syst\n+00026030: 656d 2c20 7468 650a 2767 7275 622d 6564 em, the.'grub-ed\n+00026040: 6974 656e 7627 2075 7469 6c69 7479 2063 itenv' utility c\n+00026050: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6564 an be used to ed\n+00026060: 6974 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 it the environme\n+00026070: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f nt block... Fo\n+00026080: 7220 7361 6665 7479 2072 6561 736f 6e73 r safety reasons\n+00026090: 2c20 7468 6973 2073 746f 7261 6765 2069 , this storage i\n+000260a0: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n+000260b0: 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 when installed \n+000260c0: 6f6e 0a61 2070 6c61 696e 2064 6973 6b20 on.a plain disk \n+000260d0: 286e 6f20 4c56 4d20 6f72 2052 4149 4429 (no LVM or RAID)\n+000260e0: 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6368 , using a non-ch\n+000260f0: 6563 6b73 756d 6d69 6e67 2066 696c 6573 ecksumming files\n+00026100: 7973 7465 6d20 286e 6f0a 5a46 5329 2c20 ystem (no.ZFS), \n+00026110: 616e 6420 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 206f and using BIOS o\n+00026120: 7220 4546 4920 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 r EFI functions \n+00026130: 286e 6f20 4154 412c 2055 5342 206f 7220 (no ATA, USB or \n+00026140: 4945 4545 3132 3735 292e 0a0a 2020 2027 IEEE1275)... '\n+00026150: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2075 grub-mkconfig' u\n+00026160: 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 6163 696c 6974 ses this facilit\n+00026170: 7920 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2027 y to implement '\n+00026180: 4752 5542 5f53 4156 4544 4546 4155 4c54 GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT\n+00026190: 270a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 '.(*note Simple \n+000261a0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n+000261b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000261c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d info, Node: Com\n+000261d0: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e mands, Next: In\n+000261e0: 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 ternationalisati\n+000261f0: 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2045 6e76 6972 on, Prev: Envir\n+00026200: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 onment, Up: Top\n+00026210: 0a0a 3136 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 ..16 The list of\n+00026220: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 available comma\n+00026230: 6e64 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a nds.************\n 00026240: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00026250: 2a2a 2a0a 0a49 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6861 ***..In this cha\n-00026260: 7074 6572 2c20 7765 206c 6973 7420 616c pter, we list al\n-00026270: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 l commands that \n-00026280: 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e are available in\n-00026290: 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 6d61 GRUB... Comma\n-000262a0: 6e64 7320 6265 6c6f 6e67 2074 6f20 6469 nds belong to di\n-000262b0: 6666 6572 656e 7420 6772 6f75 7073 2e20 fferent groups. \n-000262c0: 2041 2066 6577 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 A few can only \n-000262d0: 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a67 be used in the.g\n-000262e0: 6c6f 6261 6c20 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 lobal section of\n-000262f0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 the configurati\n-00026300: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 286f 7220 226d 656e on file (or \"men\n-00026310: 7522 293b 206d 6f73 7420 6f66 2074 6865 u\"); most of the\n-00026320: 6d20 6361 6e0a 6265 2065 6e74 6572 6564 m can.be entered\n-00026330: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d on the command-\n-00026340: 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 line and can be \n-00026350: 7573 6564 2065 6974 6865 7220 616e 7977 used either anyw\n-00026360: 6865 7265 2069 6e20 7468 650a 6d65 6e75 here in the.menu\n-00026370: 206f 7220 7370 6563 6966 6963 616c 6c79 or specifically\n-00026380: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 in the menu ent\n-00026390: 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 2072 6573 ries... In res\n-000263a0: 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2c20 6f6e 6c79 2074 cue mode, only t\n-000263b0: 6865 2027 696e 736d 6f64 2720 282a 6e6f he 'insmod' (*no\n-000263c0: 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2c20 276c te insmod::), 'l\n-000263d0: 7327 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 3a3a 292c s' (*note.ls::),\n-000263e0: 2027 7365 7427 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 'set' (*note se\n-000263f0: 743a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 2775 6e73 6574 t::), and 'unset\n-00026400: 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2075 6e73 6574 3a3a ' (*note unset::\n-00026410: 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 0a6e ) commands are.n\n-00026420: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c ormally availabl\n-00026430: 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2065 6e64 2075 e. If you end u\n-00026440: 7020 696e 2072 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 p in rescue mode\n-00026450: 2061 6e64 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 6b6e 6f77 and do not know\n-00026460: 2077 6861 740a 746f 2064 6f2c 2074 6865 what.to do, the\n-00026470: 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4752 5542 206f 6e6c n *note GRUB onl\n-00026480: 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 y offers a rescu\n-00026490: 6520 7368 656c 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 e shell::...* Me\n-000264a0: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 nu:..* Menu-spec\n-000264b0: 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a ific commands::.\n-000264c0: 2a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e * General comman\n-000264d0: 6473 3a3a 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c ds::.* Command-l\n-000264e0: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n-000264f0: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 ry commands::.* \n-00026500: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n-00026510: 6e64 733a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 nds::....File: g\n-00026520: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00026530: 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 Menu-specific c\n-00026540: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ommands, Next: \n-00026550: 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 General commands\n-00026560: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a , Up: Commands.\n-00026570: 0a31 362e 3120 5468 6520 6c69 7374 206f .16.1 The list o\n-00026580: 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2066 6f72 2074 f commands for t\n-00026590: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6f6e 6c79 0a3d 3d3d he menu only.===\n+00026250: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a49 6e20 7468 6973 2063 *****..In this c\n+00026260: 6861 7074 6572 2c20 7765 206c 6973 7420 hapter, we list \n+00026270: 616c 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 all commands tha\n+00026280: 7420 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 t are available \n+00026290: 696e 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d in GRUB... Com\n+000262a0: 6d61 6e64 7320 6265 6c6f 6e67 2074 6f20 mands belong to \n+000262b0: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6772 6f75 7073 different groups\n+000262c0: 2e20 2041 2066 6577 2063 616e 206f 6e6c . A few can onl\n+000262d0: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 y be used in the\n+000262e0: 0a67 6c6f 6261 6c20 7365 6374 696f 6e20 .global section \n+000262f0: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 of the configura\n+00026300: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 286f 7220 226d tion file (or \"m\n+00026310: 656e 7522 293b 206d 6f73 7420 6f66 2074 enu\"); most of t\n+00026320: 6865 6d20 6361 6e0a 6265 2065 6e74 6572 hem can.be enter\n+00026330: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ed on the comman\n+00026340: 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 2063 616e 2062 d-line and can b\n+00026350: 6520 7573 6564 2065 6974 6865 7220 616e e used either an\n+00026360: 7977 6865 7265 2069 6e20 7468 650a 6d65 ywhere in the.me\n+00026370: 6e75 206f 7220 7370 6563 6966 6963 616c nu or specifical\n+00026380: 6c79 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 ly in the menu e\n+00026390: 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 2072 ntries... In r\n+000263a0: 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2c20 6f6e 6c79 escue mode, only\n+000263b0: 2074 6865 2027 696e 736d 6f64 2720 282a the 'insmod' (*\n+000263c0: 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2c20 note insmod::), \n+000263d0: 276c 7327 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 3a3a 'ls' (*note.ls::\n+000263e0: 292c 2027 7365 7427 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ), 'set' (*note \n+000263f0: 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 2775 6e73 set::), and 'uns\n+00026400: 6574 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2075 6e73 6574 et' (*note unset\n+00026410: 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 ::) commands are\n+00026420: 0a6e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 .normally availa\n+00026430: 626c 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2065 6e64 ble. If you end\n+00026440: 2075 7020 696e 2072 6573 6375 6520 6d6f up in rescue mo\n+00026450: 6465 2061 6e64 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 6b6e de and do not kn\n+00026460: 6f77 2077 6861 740a 746f 2064 6f2c 2074 ow what.to do, t\n+00026470: 6865 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4752 5542 206f hen *note GRUB o\n+00026480: 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 nly offers a res\n+00026490: 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2a20 cue shell::...* \n+000264a0: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 752d 7370 Menu:..* Menu-sp\n+000264b0: 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a ecific commands:\n+000264c0: 3a0a 2a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d :.* General comm\n+000264d0: 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ands::.* Command\n+000264e0: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 -line and menu e\n+000264f0: 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a ntry commands::.\n+00026500: 2a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d * Networking com\n+00026510: 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mands::....File:\n+00026520: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00026530: 653a 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 6963 e: Menu-specific\n+00026540: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 commands, Next\n+00026550: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e : General comman\n+00026560: 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ds, Up: Command\n+00026570: 730a 0a31 362e 3120 5468 6520 6c69 7374 s..16.1 The list\n+00026580: 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2066 6f72 of commands for\n+00026590: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6f6e 6c79 0a3d the menu only.=\n 000265a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000265b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000265c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7365 ========..The se\n-000265d0: 6d61 6e74 6963 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e20 mantics used in \n-000265e0: 7061 7273 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6e66 parsing the conf\n-000265f0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2061 iguration file a\n-00026600: 7265 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 re the following\n-00026610: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 6669 6c65 :.. * The file\n-00026620: 7320 5f6d 7573 745f 2062 6520 696e 2070 s _must_ be in p\n-00026630: 6c61 696e 2d74 6578 7420 666f 726d 6174 lain-text format\n-00026640: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 2723 2720 6174 2074 ... * '#' at t\n-00026650: 6865 2062 6567 696e 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 he beginning of \n-00026660: 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 6e20 6120 636f 6e66 a line in a conf\n-00026670: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206d iguration file m\n-00026680: 6561 6e73 2069 7420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 eans it is. \n-00026690: 6f6e 6c79 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2e0a only a comment..\n-000266a0: 0a20 2020 2a20 4f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 . * Options ar\n-000266b0: 6520 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 e separated by s\n-000266c0: 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 202a 2041 6c6c paces... * All\n-000266d0: 206e 756d 6265 7273 2063 616e 2062 6520 numbers can be \n-000266e0: 6569 7468 6572 2064 6563 696d 616c 206f either decimal o\n-000266f0: 7220 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c2e 2020 r hexadecimal. \n-00026700: 4120 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c0a 2020 A hexadecimal. \n-00026710: 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 6d75 7374 2062 number must b\n-00026720: 6520 7072 6563 6564 6564 2062 7920 2730 e preceded by '0\n-00026730: 7827 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2063 6173 652d x', and is case-\n-00026740: 696e 7365 6e73 6974 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 insensitive... \n-00026750: 2054 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 These commands \n-00026760: 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 can only be used\n-00026770: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a in the menu:..*\n-00026780: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6d65 6e75 656e Menu:..* menuen\n-00026790: 7472 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 try:: \n-000267a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5374 6172 7420 6120 Start a \n-000267b0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a 2073 7562 menu entry.* sub\n-000267c0: 6d65 6e75 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 menu:: \n-000267d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 726f 7570 Group\n-000267e0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 0a1f menu entries...\n-000267f0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00026800: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 , Node: menuent\n-00026810: 7279 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 7562 6d65 ry, Next: subme\n-00026820: 6e75 2c20 2055 703a 204d 656e 752d 7370 nu, Up: Menu-sp\n-00026830: 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a ecific commands.\n-00026840: 0a31 362e 312e 3120 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 .16.1.1 menuentr\n-00026850: 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d y.--------------\n-00026860: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00026870: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 menuentry TITLE\n-00026880: 205b 2d2d 636c 6173 733d 636c 6173 7320 [--class=class \n-00026890: 2e2e 2e5d 205b 2d2d 7573 6572 733d 7573 ...] [--users=us\n-000268a0: 6572 735d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b ers]. [\n-000268b0: 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 5d20 --unrestricted] \n-000268c0: 5b2d 2d68 6f74 6b65 793d 6b65 795d 205b [--hotkey=key] [\n-000268d0: 2d2d 6964 3d69 645d 205b 4152 4720 2e2e --id=id] [ARG ..\n-000268e0: 2e5d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b0a 2020 .] { COMMAND;. \n-000268f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 ... }. \n-00026900: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 This defines \n-00026910: 6120 4752 5542 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 a GRUB menu entr\n-00026920: 7920 6e61 6d65 6420 5449 544c 452e 2020 y named TITLE. \n-00026930: 5768 656e 2074 6869 7320 656e 7472 7920 When this entry \n-00026940: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 is. selected\n-00026950: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 from the menu, \n-00026960: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 7468 GRUB will set th\n-00026970: 6520 4348 4f53 454e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e e CHOSEN environ\n-00026980: 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 ment. variab\n-00026990: 6c65 2074 6f20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2027 le to value of '\n-000269a0: 2d2d 6964 2720 6966 2027 2d2d 6964 2720 --id' if '--id' \n-000269b0: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6578 6563 7574 is given, execut\n-000269c0: 6520 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 660a 2020 e the list of. \n-000269d0: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6769 7665 commands give\n-000269e0: 6e20 7769 7468 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c n within braces,\n-000269f0: 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 and if the last\n-00026a00: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 command in the \n-00026a10: 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7475 726e list. return\n-00026a20: 6564 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 ed successfully \n-00026a30: 616e 6420 6120 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6173 and a kernel was\n-00026a40: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6974 2077 696c 6c20 loaded it will \n-00026a50: 6578 6563 7574 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 execute the. \n-00026a60: 2027 626f 6f74 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 'boot' command.\n-00026a70: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 2d2d 636c .. The '--cl\n-00026a80: 6173 7327 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 ass' option may \n-00026a90: 6265 2075 7365 6420 616e 7920 6e75 6d62 be used any numb\n-00026aa0: 6572 206f 6620 7469 6d65 7320 746f 2067 er of times to g\n-00026ab0: 726f 7570 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 roup menu. e\n-00026ac0: 6e74 7269 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 636c 6173 ntries into clas\n-00026ad0: 7365 732e 2020 4d65 6e75 2074 6865 6d65 ses. Menu theme\n-00026ae0: 7320 6d61 7920 6469 7370 6c61 7920 6469 s may display di\n-00026af0: 6666 6572 656e 7420 636c 6173 7365 730a fferent classes.\n-00026b00: 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2064 6966 6665 using diffe\n-00026b10: 7265 6e74 2073 7479 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 rent styles... \n-00026b20: 2020 2054 6865 2027 2d2d 7573 6572 7327 The '--users'\n-00026b30: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6772 616e 7473 2073 option grants s\n-00026b40: 7065 6369 6669 6320 7573 6572 7320 6163 pecific users ac\n-00026b50: 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 6963 cess to specific\n-00026b60: 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 menu. entri\n-00026b70: 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 es. *Note Secur\n-00026b80: 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ity::... The\n-00026b90: 2027 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 '--unrestricted\n-00026ba0: 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2067 7261 6e74 7320 ' option grants \n-00026bb0: 616c 6c20 7573 6572 7320 6163 6365 7373 all users access\n-00026bc0: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 6963 0a20 2020 to specific. \n-00026bd0: 2020 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 menu entries. \n-00026be0: 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a *Note Security:\n-00026bf0: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 2d2d :... The '--\n-00026c00: 686f 746b 6579 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 hotkey' option a\n-00026c10: 7373 6f63 6961 7465 7320 6120 686f 746b ssociates a hotk\n-00026c20: 6579 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 ey with a menu e\n-00026c30: 6e74 7279 2e20 204b 4559 0a20 2020 2020 ntry. KEY. \n-00026c40: 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 may be a single \n-00026c50: 6c65 7474 6572 2c20 6f72 206f 6e65 206f letter, or one o\n-00026c60: 6620 7468 6520 616c 6961 7365 7320 2762 f the aliases 'b\n-00026c70: 6163 6b73 7061 6365 272c 2027 7461 6227 ackspace', 'tab'\n-00026c80: 2c0a 2020 2020 206f 7220 2764 656c 6574 ,. or 'delet\n-00026c90: 6527 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 272d e'... The '-\n-00026ca0: 2d69 6427 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 -id' may be used\n-00026cb0: 2074 6f20 6173 736f 6369 6174 6520 756e to associate un\n-00026cc0: 6971 7565 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 ique identifier \n-00026cd0: 7769 7468 2061 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 with a menu. \n-00026ce0: 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2049 4420 6973 2073 entry. ID is s\n-00026cf0: 7472 696e 6720 6f66 2041 5343 4949 2061 tring of ASCII a\n-00026d00: 7068 616e 756d 6572 6963 2063 6861 7261 phanumeric chara\n-00026d10: 6374 6572 732c 2075 6e64 6572 7363 6f72 cters, underscor\n-00026d20: 650a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2068 7970 6865 e. and hyphe\n-00026d30: 6e20 616e 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 n and should not\n-00026d40: 2073 7461 7274 2077 6974 6820 6120 6469 start with a di\n-00026d50: 6769 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 206f git... All o\n-00026d60: 7468 6572 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2069 ther arguments i\n-00026d70: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2054 4954 4c45 2061 ncluding TITLE a\n-00026d80: 7265 2070 6173 7365 6420 6173 2070 6f73 re passed as pos\n-00026d90: 6974 696f 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2070 6172 itional. par\n-00026da0: 616d 6574 6572 7320 7768 656e 206c 6973 ameters when lis\n-00026db0: 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 t of commands is\n-00026dc0: 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 7769 7468 2054 executed with T\n-00026dd0: 4954 4c45 2061 6c77 6179 730a 2020 2020 ITLE always. \n-00026de0: 2061 7373 6967 6e65 6420 746f 2027 2431 assigned to '$1\n-00026df0: 272e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 '.....File: grub\n-00026e00: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 .info, Node: su\n-00026e10: 626d 656e 752c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 bmenu, Prev: me\n-00026e20: 6e75 656e 7472 792c 2020 5570 3a20 4d65 nuentry, Up: Me\n-00026e30: 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d nu-specific comm\n-00026e40: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e31 2e32 2073 7562 ands..16.1.2 sub\n-00026e50: 6d65 6e75 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d menu.-----------\n-00026e60: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00026e70: 3a20 7375 626d 656e 7520 5449 544c 4520 : submenu TITLE \n-00026e80: 5b2d 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 202e [--class=class .\n-00026e90: 2e2e 5d20 5b2d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 ..] [--users=use\n-00026ea0: 7273 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d rs]. [-\n-00026eb0: 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 645d 205b -unrestricted] [\n-00026ec0: 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 5d20 5b2d --hotkey=key] [-\n-00026ed0: 2d69 643d 6964 5d20 7b20 4d45 4e55 2045 -id=id] { MENU E\n-00026ee0: 4e54 5249 4553 202e 2e2e 207d 0a20 2020 NTRIES ... }. \n-00026ef0: 2020 5468 6973 2064 6566 696e 6573 2061 This defines a\n-00026f00: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2041 6e20 656e submenu. An en\n-00026f10: 7472 7920 6361 6c6c 6564 2054 4954 4c45 try called TITLE\n-00026f20: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6464 6564 2074 will be added t\n-00026f30: 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 656e 753b o the. menu;\n-00026f40: 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6174 2065 6e74 7279 when that entry\n-00026f50: 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c20 6120 is selected, a \n-00026f60: 6e65 7720 6d65 6e75 2077 696c 6c20 6265 new menu will be\n-00026f70: 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 0a20 2020 2020 displayed. \n-00026f80: 7368 6f77 696e 6720 616c 6c20 7468 6520 showing all the \n-00026f90: 656e 7472 6965 7320 7769 7468 696e 2074 entries within t\n-00026fa0: 6869 7320 7375 626d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 his submenu... \n-00026fb0: 2020 2041 6c6c 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 All options a\n-00026fc0: 7265 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2069 re the same as i\n-00026fd0: 6e20 7468 6520 276d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 n the 'menuentry\n-00026fe0: 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 ' command (*note\n-00026ff0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 793a . menuentry:\n-00027000: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n-00027010: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 b.info, Node: G\n-00027020: 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c eneral commands,\n-00027030: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d Next: Command-\n-00027040: 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e line and menu en\n-00027050: 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 try commands, P\n-00027060: 7265 763a 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 rev: Menu-specif\n-00027070: 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 ic commands, Up\n-00027080: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e32 : Commands..16.2\n-00027090: 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2067 656e The list of gen\n-000270a0: 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d eral commands.==\n+000265c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+000265d0: 7365 6d61 6e74 6963 7320 7573 6564 2069 semantics used i\n+000265e0: 6e20 7061 7273 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f n parsing the co\n+000265f0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00026600: 2061 7265 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 are the followi\n+00026610: 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2a20 5468 6520 6669 ng:.. * The fi\n+00026620: 6c65 7320 5f6d 7573 745f 2062 6520 696e les _must_ be in\n+00026630: 2070 6c61 696e 2d74 6578 7420 666f 726d plain-text form\n+00026640: 6174 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 2723 2720 6174 at... * '#' at\n+00026650: 2074 6865 2062 6567 696e 6e69 6e67 206f the beginning o\n+00026660: 6620 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 6e20 6120 636f f a line in a co\n+00026670: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00026680: 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 6973 0a20 2020 means it is. \n+00026690: 2020 6f6e 6c79 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 only a comment\n+000266a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4f70 7469 6f6e 7320 ... * Options \n+000266b0: 6172 6520 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 are separated by\n+000266c0: 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 202a 2041 spaces... * A\n+000266d0: 6c6c 206e 756d 6265 7273 2063 616e 2062 ll numbers can b\n+000266e0: 6520 6569 7468 6572 2064 6563 696d 616c e either decimal\n+000266f0: 206f 7220 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c2e or hexadecimal.\n+00026700: 2020 4120 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c0a A hexadecimal.\n+00026710: 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 6d75 7374 number must\n+00026720: 2062 6520 7072 6563 6564 6564 2062 7920 be preceded by \n+00026730: 2730 7827 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2063 6173 '0x', and is cas\n+00026740: 652d 696e 7365 6e73 6974 6976 652e 0a0a e-insensitive...\n+00026750: 2020 2054 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 These command\n+00026760: 7320 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 s can only be us\n+00026770: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3a0a ed in the menu:.\n+00026780: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6d65 6e75 .* Menu:..* menu\n+00026790: 656e 7472 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 entry:: \n+000267a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5374 6172 7420 Start \n+000267b0: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a 2073 a menu entry.* s\n+000267c0: 7562 6d65 6e75 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ubmenu:: \n+000267d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 726f Gro\n+000267e0: 7570 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a up menu entries.\n+000267f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00026800: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 7565 fo, Node: menue\n+00026810: 6e74 7279 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 7562 ntry, Next: sub\n+00026820: 6d65 6e75 2c20 2055 703a 204d 656e 752d menu, Up: Menu-\n+00026830: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 specific command\n+00026840: 730a 0a31 362e 312e 3120 6d65 6e75 656e s..16.1.1 menuen\n+00026850: 7472 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d try.------------\n+00026860: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00026870: 643a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 d: menuentry TIT\n+00026880: 4c45 205b 2d2d 636c 6173 733d 636c 6173 LE [--class=clas\n+00026890: 7320 2e2e 2e5d 205b 2d2d 7573 6572 733d s ...] [--users=\n+000268a0: 7573 6572 735d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 users]. \n+000268b0: 205b 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 [--unrestricted\n+000268c0: 5d20 5b2d 2d68 6f74 6b65 793d 6b65 795d ] [--hotkey=key]\n+000268d0: 205b 2d2d 6964 3d69 645d 205b 4152 4720 [--id=id] [ARG \n+000268e0: 2e2e 2e5d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b0a ...] { COMMAND;.\n+000268f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e20 7d0a ... }.\n+00026900: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 This define\n+00026910: 7320 6120 4752 5542 206d 656e 7520 656e s a GRUB menu en\n+00026920: 7472 7920 6e61 6d65 6420 5449 544c 452e try named TITLE.\n+00026930: 2020 5768 656e 2074 6869 7320 656e 7472 When this entr\n+00026940: 7920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 y is. select\n+00026950: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 ed from the menu\n+00026960: 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 , GRUB will set \n+00026970: 7468 6520 4348 4f53 454e 2065 6e76 6972 the CHOSEN envir\n+00026980: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 onment. vari\n+00026990: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 able to value of\n+000269a0: 2027 2d2d 6964 2720 6966 2027 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The '--\n+00026a80: 636c 6173 7327 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 class' option ma\n+00026a90: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 616e 7920 6e75 y be used any nu\n+00026aa0: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7469 6d65 7320 746f mber of times to\n+00026ab0: 2067 726f 7570 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 group menu. \n+00026ac0: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 636c entries into cl\n+00026ad0: 6173 7365 732e 2020 4d65 6e75 2074 6865 asses. Menu the\n+00026ae0: 6d65 7320 6d61 7920 6469 7370 6c61 7920 mes may display \n+00026af0: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 636c 6173 7365 different classe\n+00026b00: 730a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2064 6966 s. using dif\n+00026b10: 6665 7265 6e74 2073 7479 6c65 732e 0a0a ferent styles...\n+00026b20: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 2d2d 7573 6572 The '--user\n+00026b30: 7327 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6772 616e 7473 s' option grants\n+00026b40: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 7573 6572 7320 specific users \n+00026b50: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 access to specif\n+00026b60: 6963 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 ic menu. ent\n+00026b70: 7269 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 ries. *Note Sec\n+00026b80: 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 urity::... T\n+00026b90: 6865 2027 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 he '--unrestrict\n+00026ba0: 6564 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2067 7261 6e74 ed' option grant\n+00026bb0: 7320 616c 6c20 7573 6572 7320 6163 6365 s all users acce\n+00026bc0: 7373 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 6963 0a20 ss to specific. \n+00026bd0: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 menu entries\n+00026be0: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 . *Note Securit\n+00026bf0: 793a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 y::... The '\n+00026c00: 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e --hotkey' option\n+00026c10: 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 7320 6120 686f associates a ho\n+00026c20: 746b 6579 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d65 6e75 tkey with a menu\n+00026c30: 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 204b 4559 0a20 2020 entry. KEY. \n+00026c40: 2020 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2073 696e 676c may be a singl\n+00026c50: 6520 6c65 7474 6572 2c20 6f72 206f 6e65 e letter, or one\n+00026c60: 206f 6620 7468 6520 616c 6961 7365 7320 of the aliases \n+00026c70: 2762 6163 6b73 7061 6365 272c 2027 7461 'backspace', 'ta\n+00026c80: 6227 2c0a 2020 2020 206f 7220 2764 656c b',. or 'del\n+00026c90: 6574 6527 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ete'... The \n+00026ca0: 272d 2d69 6427 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 '--id' may be us\n+00026cb0: 6564 2074 6f20 6173 736f 6369 6174 6520 ed to associate \n+00026cc0: 756e 6971 7565 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 unique identifie\n+00026cd0: 7220 7769 7468 2061 206d 656e 750a 2020 r with a menu. \n+00026ce0: 2020 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2049 4420 6973 entry. ID is\n+00026cf0: 2073 7472 696e 6720 6f66 2041 5343 4949 string of ASCII\n+00026d00: 2061 7068 616e 756d 6572 6963 2063 6861 aphanumeric cha\n+00026d10: 7261 6374 6572 732c 2075 6e64 6572 7363 racters, undersc\n+00026d20: 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2068 7970 ore. and hyp\n+00026d30: 6865 6e20 616e 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 206e hen and should n\n+00026d40: 6f74 2073 7461 7274 2077 6974 6820 6120 ot start with a \n+00026d50: 6469 6769 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c6c digit... All\n+00026d60: 206f 7468 6572 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 other arguments\n+00026d70: 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2054 4954 4c45 including TITLE\n+00026d80: 2061 7265 2070 6173 7365 6420 6173 2070 are passed as p\n+00026d90: 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2070 ositional. p\n+00026da0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 7768 656e 206c arameters when l\n+00026db0: 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 ist of commands \n+00026dc0: 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 7769 7468 is executed with\n+00026dd0: 2054 4954 4c45 2061 6c77 6179 730a 2020 TITLE always. \n+00026de0: 2020 2061 7373 6967 6e65 6420 746f 2027 assigned to '\n+00026df0: 2431 272e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 $1'.....File: gr\n+00026e00: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00026e10: 7375 626d 656e 752c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 submenu, Prev: \n+00026e20: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 792c 2020 5570 3a20 menuentry, Up: \n+00026e30: 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f Menu-specific co\n+00026e40: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e31 2e32 2073 mmands..16.1.2 s\n+00026e50: 7562 6d65 6e75 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ubmenu.---------\n+00026e60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00026e70: 6e64 3a20 7375 626d 656e 7520 5449 544c nd: submenu TITL\n+00026e80: 4520 5b2d 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 E [--class=class\n+00026e90: 202e 2e2e 5d20 5b2d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 ...] [--users=u\n+00026ea0: 7365 7273 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sers]. \n+00026eb0: 5b2d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 645d [--unrestricted]\n+00026ec0: 205b 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 5d20 [--hotkey=key] \n+00026ed0: 5b2d 2d69 643d 6964 5d20 7b20 4d45 4e55 [--id=id] { MENU\n+00026ee0: 2045 4e54 5249 4553 202e 2e2e 207d 0a20 ENTRIES ... }. \n+00026ef0: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2064 6566 696e 6573 This defines\n+00026f00: 2061 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2041 6e20 a submenu. An \n+00026f10: 656e 7472 7920 6361 6c6c 6564 2054 4954 entry called TIT\n+00026f20: 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6464 6564 LE will be added\n+00026f30: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 656e to the. men\n+00026f40: 753b 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6174 2065 6e74 u; when that ent\n+00026f50: 7279 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c20 ry is selected, \n+00026f60: 6120 6e65 7720 6d65 6e75 2077 696c 6c20 a new menu will \n+00026f70: 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 0a20 2020 be displayed. \n+00026f80: 2020 7368 6f77 696e 6720 616c 6c20 7468 showing all th\n+00026f90: 6520 656e 7472 6965 7320 7769 7468 696e e entries within\n+00026fa0: 2074 6869 7320 7375 626d 656e 752e 0a0a this submenu...\n+00026fb0: 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 206f 7074 696f 6e73 All options\n+00026fc0: 2061 7265 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 are the same as\n+00026fd0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 276d 656e 7565 6e74 in the 'menuent\n+00026fe0: 7279 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ry' command (*no\n+00026ff0: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 te. menuentr\n+00027000: 793a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 y::).....File: g\n+00027010: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00027020: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 General command\n+00027030: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e s, Next: Comman\n+00027040: 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 d-line and menu \n+00027050: 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 entry commands, \n+00027060: 2050 7265 763a 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 Prev: Menu-spec\n+00027070: 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 ific commands, \n+00027080: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 Up: Commands..16\n+00027090: 2e32 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2067 .2 The list of g\n+000270a0: 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a eneral commands.\n 000270b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000270c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-000270d0: 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7573 6162 6c65 .Commands usable\n-000270e0: 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 696e 2074 6865 anywhere in the\n-000270f0: 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 696e 2074 6865 menu and in the\n-00027100: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a command-line...\n-00027110: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 * Menu:..* seria\n-00027120: 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l:: \n-00027130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2075 7020 Set up \n-00027140: 6120 7365 7269 616c 2064 6576 6963 650a a serial device.\n-00027150: 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 * terminal_input\n-00027160: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-00027170: 4d61 6e61 6765 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 Manage input ter\n-00027180: 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 minals.* termina\n-00027190: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 l_output:: \n-000271a0: 2020 2020 2020 204d 616e 6167 6520 6f75 Manage ou\n-000271b0: 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a tput terminals.*\n-000271c0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 terminfo:: \n-000271d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 D\n-000271e0: 6566 696e 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 efine terminal t\n-000271f0: 7970 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ype....File: gru\n-00027200: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n-00027210: 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 erial, Next: te\n-00027220: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 2055 rminal_input, U\n-00027230: 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 p: General comma\n-00027240: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 322e 3120 7365 7269 nds..16.2.1 seri\n-00027250: 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d al.-------------\n-00027260: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 .. -- Command: s\n-00027270: 6572 6961 6c20 5b2d 2d75 6e69 743d 756e erial [--unit=un\n-00027280: 6974 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6f72 743d 706f 7274 it] [--port=port\n-00027290: 5d20 5b2d 2d73 7065 6564 3d73 7065 6564 ] [--speed=speed\n-000272a0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d77 ]. [--w\n-000272b0: 6f72 643d 776f 7264 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6172 ord=word] [--par\n-000272c0: 6974 793d 7061 7269 7479 5d20 5b2d 2d73 ity=parity] [--s\n-000272d0: 746f 703d 7374 6f70 5d0a 2020 2020 2049 top=stop]. I\n-000272e0: 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 6120 7365 7269 nitialize a seri\n-000272f0: 616c 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 554e 4954 al device. UNIT\n-00027300: 2069 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6e20 is a number in \n-00027310: 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 302d 330a 2020 the range 0-3. \n-00027320: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7768 specifying wh\n-00027330: 6963 6820 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 ich serial port \n-00027340: 746f 2075 7365 3b20 6465 6661 756c 7420 to use; default \n-00027350: 6973 2030 2c20 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 is 0, which. \n-00027360: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 corresponds to \n-00027370: 7468 6520 706f 7274 206f 6674 656e 2063 the port often c\n-00027380: 616c 6c65 6420 434f 4d31 2e20 2050 4f52 alled COM1. POR\n-00027390: 5420 6973 2074 6865 2049 2f4f 2070 6f72 T is the I/O por\n-000273a0: 740a 2020 2020 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 t. where the\n-000273b0: 2055 4152 5420 6973 2074 6f20 6265 2066 UART is to be f\n-000273c0: 6f75 6e64 3b20 6966 2073 7065 6369 6669 ound; if specifi\n-000273d0: 6564 2069 7420 7461 6b65 7320 7072 6563 ed it takes prec\n-000273e0: 6564 656e 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 6572 edence. over\n-000273f0: 2055 4e49 542e 2020 5350 4545 4420 6973 UNIT. SPEED is\n-00027400: 2074 6865 2074 7261 6e73 6d69 7373 696f the transmissio\n-00027410: 6e20 7370 6565 643b 2064 6566 6175 6c74 n speed; default\n-00027420: 2069 7320 3936 3030 2e20 2057 4f52 440a is 9600. WORD.\n-00027430: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2053 544f 5020 6172 and STOP ar\n-00027440: 6520 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 e the number of \n-00027450: 6461 7461 2062 6974 7320 616e 6420 7374 data bits and st\n-00027460: 6f70 2062 6974 732e 2020 4461 7461 2062 op bits. Data b\n-00027470: 6974 7320 6d75 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6265 its must. be\n-00027480: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 352d in the range 5-\n-00027490: 3820 616e 6420 7374 6f70 2062 6974 7320 8 and stop bits \n-000274a0: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 3120 6f72 2032 2e20 must be 1 or 2. \n-000274b0: 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 380a 2020 Default is 8. \n-000274c0: 2020 2064 6174 6120 6269 7473 2061 6e64 data bits and\n-000274d0: 206f 6e65 2073 746f 7020 6269 742e 2020 one stop bit. \n-000274e0: 5041 5249 5459 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 PARITY is one of\n-000274f0: 2027 6e6f 272c 2027 6f64 6427 2c20 2765 'no', 'odd', 'e\n-00027500: 7665 6e27 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6465 ven'. and de\n-00027510: 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 276e 6f27 2e0a faults to 'no'..\n-00027520: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7365 7269 616c . The serial\n-00027530: 2070 6f72 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2075 7365 port is not use\n-00027540: 6420 6173 2061 2063 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 d as a communica\n-00027550: 7469 6f6e 2063 6861 6e6e 656c 2075 6e6c tion channel unl\n-00027560: 6573 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2027 7465 ess the. 'te\n-00027570: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2720 6f72 rminal_input' or\n-00027580: 2027 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 'terminal_outpu\n-00027590: 7427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7573 t' command is us\n-000275a0: 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 ed (*note. t\n-000275b0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 743a 3a2c erminal_input::,\n-000275c0: 202a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f *note terminal_\n-000275d0: 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 output::)... \n-000275e0: 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 See also *note \n-000275f0: 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3a Serial terminal:\n-00027600: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n-00027610: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 .info, Node: te\n-00027620: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 204e rminal_input, N\n-00027630: 6578 743a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 ext: terminal_ou\n-00027640: 7470 7574 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6572 tput, Prev: ser\n-00027650: 6961 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 ial, Up: Genera\n-00027660: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e32 l commands..16.2\n-00027670: 2e32 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 .2 terminal_inpu\n-00027680: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n-00027690: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-000276a0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 mand: terminal_i\n-000276b0: 6e70 7574 205b 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 7c2d nput [--append|-\n-000276c0: 2d72 656d 6f76 655d 205b 7465 726d 696e -remove] [termin\n-000276d0: 616c 315d 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c 325d al1] [terminal2]\n-000276e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 . .... \n-000276f0: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 7220 7365 6c65 List or sele\n-00027700: 6374 2061 6e20 696e 7075 7420 7465 726d ct an input term\n-00027710: 696e 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 inal... With\n-00027720: 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 206c no arguments, l\n-00027730: 6973 7420 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2061 ist the active a\n-00027740: 6e64 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e70 nd available inp\n-00027750: 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2e0a 0a20 ut terminals... \n-00027760: 2020 2020 5769 7468 2027 2d2d 6170 7065 With '--appe\n-00027770: 6e64 272c 2061 6464 2074 6865 206e 616d nd', add the nam\n-00027780: 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2074 6f20 ed terminals to \n-00027790: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6163 7469 the list of acti\n-000277a0: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7075 7420 7465 ve. input te\n-000277b0: 726d 696e 616c 733b 2061 6e79 206f 6620 rminals; any of \n-000277c0: 7468 6573 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 these may be use\n-000277d0: 6420 746f 2070 726f 7669 6465 2069 6e70 d to provide inp\n-000277e0: 7574 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 ut to GRUB... \n-000277f0: 2020 5769 7468 2027 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 With '--remove\n-00027800: 272c 2072 656d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 6e61 ', remove the na\n-00027810: 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 6672 med terminals fr\n-00027820: 6f6d 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 6c69 om the active li\n-00027830: 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e st... With n\n-00027840: 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 6120 o options but a \n-00027850: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7465 726d 696e 616c list of terminal\n-00027860: 206e 616d 6573 2c20 6d61 6b65 206f 6e6c names, make onl\n-00027870: 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 6564 0a20 2020 y the listed. \n-00027880: 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 terminal names\n-00027890: 2061 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 active.....File\n-000278a0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000278b0: 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 de: terminal_out\n-000278c0: 7075 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 726d put, Next: term\n-000278d0: 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6572 info, Prev: ter\n-000278e0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 5570 minal_input, Up\n-000278f0: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e : General comman\n-00027900: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e32 2e33 2074 6572 6d69 ds..16.2.3 termi\n-00027910: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d nal_output.-----\n+000270c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000270d0: 3d0a 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7573 6162 =..Commands usab\n+000270e0: 6c65 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 696e 2074 le anywhere in t\n+000270f0: 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 696e 2074 he menu and in t\n+00027100: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e he command-line.\n+00027110: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2073 6572 ..* Menu:..* ser\n+00027120: 6961 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ial:: \n+00027130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2075 Set u\n+00027140: 7020 6120 7365 7269 616c 2064 6576 6963 p a serial devic\n+00027150: 650a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 e.* terminal_inp\n+00027160: 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ut:: \n+00027170: 2020 4d61 6e61 6765 2069 6e70 7574 2074 Manage input t\n+00027180: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 erminals.* termi\n+00027190: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 nal_output:: \n+000271a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 616e 6167 6520 Manage \n+000271b0: 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 output terminals\n+000271c0: 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 .* terminfo:: \n+000271d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000271e0: 2044 6566 696e 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c Define terminal\n+000271f0: 2074 7970 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 type....File: g\n+00027200: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00027210: 2073 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 serial, Next: \n+00027220: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 terminal_input, \n+00027230: 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d Up: General com\n+00027240: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 322e 3120 7365 mands..16.2.1 se\n+00027250: 7269 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rial.-----------\n+00027260: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00027270: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 5b2d 2d75 6e69 743d serial [--unit=\n+00027280: 756e 6974 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6f72 743d 706f unit] [--port=po\n+00027290: 7274 5d20 5b2d 2d73 7065 6564 3d73 7065 rt] [--speed=spe\n+000272a0: 6564 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d ed]. [-\n+000272b0: 2d77 6f72 643d 776f 7264 5d20 5b2d 2d70 -word=word] [--p\n+000272c0: 6172 6974 793d 7061 7269 7479 5d20 5b2d arity=parity] [-\n+000272d0: 2d73 746f 703d 7374 6f70 5d0a 2020 2020 -stop=stop]. \n+000272e0: 2049 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 6120 7365 Initialize a se\n+000272f0: 7269 616c 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 554e rial device. UN\n+00027300: 4954 2069 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 IT is a number i\n+00027310: 6e20 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 302d 330a n the range 0-3.\n+00027320: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 specifying \n+00027330: 7768 6963 6820 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 which serial por\n+00027340: 7420 746f 2075 7365 3b20 6465 6661 756c t to use; defaul\n+00027350: 7420 6973 2030 2c20 7768 6963 680a 2020 t is 0, which. \n+00027360: 2020 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 corresponds t\n+00027370: 6f20 7468 6520 706f 7274 206f 6674 656e o the port often\n+00027380: 2063 616c 6c65 6420 434f 4d31 2e20 2050 called COM1. P\n+00027390: 4f52 5420 6973 2074 6865 2049 2f4f 2070 ORT is the I/O p\n+000273a0: 6f72 740a 2020 2020 2077 6865 7265 2074 ort. where t\n+000273b0: 6865 2055 4152 5420 6973 2074 6f20 6265 he UART is to be\n+000273c0: 2066 6f75 6e64 3b20 6966 2073 7065 6369 found; if speci\n+000273d0: 6669 6564 2069 7420 7461 6b65 7320 7072 fied it takes pr\n+000273e0: 6563 6564 656e 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 ecedence. ov\n+000273f0: 6572 2055 4e49 542e 2020 5350 4545 4420 er UNIT. SPEED \n+00027400: 6973 2074 6865 2074 7261 6e73 6d69 7373 is the transmiss\n+00027410: 696f 6e20 7370 6565 643b 2064 6566 6175 ion speed; defau\n+00027420: 6c74 2069 7320 3936 3030 2e20 2057 4f52 lt is 9600. WOR\n+00027430: 440a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2053 544f 5020 D. and STOP \n+00027440: 6172 6520 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f are the number o\n+00027450: 6620 6461 7461 2062 6974 7320 616e 6420 f data bits and \n+00027460: 7374 6f70 2062 6974 732e 2020 4461 7461 stop bits. Data\n+00027470: 2062 6974 7320 6d75 7374 0a20 2020 2020 bits must. \n+00027480: 6265 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 be in the range \n+00027490: 352d 3820 616e 6420 7374 6f70 2062 6974 5-8 and stop bit\n+000274a0: 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 3120 6f72 2032 s must be 1 or 2\n+000274b0: 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 380a . Default is 8.\n+000274c0: 2020 2020 2064 6174 6120 6269 7473 2061 data bits a\n+000274d0: 6e64 206f 6e65 2073 746f 7020 6269 742e nd one stop bit.\n+000274e0: 2020 5041 5249 5459 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 PARITY is one \n+000274f0: 6f66 2027 6e6f 272c 2027 6f64 6427 2c20 of 'no', 'odd', \n+00027500: 2765 7665 6e27 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 'even'. and \n+00027510: 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 276e 6f27 defaults to 'no'\n+00027520: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7365 7269 ... The seri\n+00027530: 616c 2070 6f72 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2075 al port is not u\n+00027540: 7365 6420 6173 2061 2063 6f6d 6d75 6e69 sed as a communi\n+00027550: 6361 7469 6f6e 2063 6861 6e6e 656c 2075 cation channel u\n+00027560: 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2027 nless the. '\n+00027570: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2720 terminal_input' \n+00027580: 6f72 2027 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 or 'terminal_out\n+00027590: 7075 7427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 put' command is \n+000275a0: 7573 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 used (*note. \n+000275b0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 743a terminal_input:\n+000275c0: 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 :, *note termina\n+000275d0: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 l_output::)... \n+000275e0: 2020 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 See also *not\n+000275f0: 6520 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 e Serial termina\n+00027600: 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 l::.....File: gr\n+00027610: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00027620: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 terminal_input, \n+00027630: 204e 6578 743a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f Next: terminal_\n+00027640: 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 output, Prev: s\n+00027650: 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 erial, Up: Gene\n+00027660: 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 ral commands..16\n+00027670: 2e32 2e32 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e .2.2 terminal_in\n+00027680: 7075 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d put.------------\n+00027690: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+000276a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c ommand: terminal\n+000276b0: 5f69 6e70 7574 205b 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 _input [--append\n+000276c0: 7c2d 2d72 656d 6f76 655d 205b 7465 726d |--remove] [term\n+000276d0: 696e 616c 315d 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c inal1] [terminal\n+000276e0: 325d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 2]. ...\n+000276f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 7220 7365 . List or se\n+00027700: 6c65 6374 2061 6e20 696e 7075 7420 7465 lect an input te\n+00027710: 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 rminal... Wi\n+00027720: 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c th no arguments,\n+00027730: 206c 6973 7420 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 list the active\n+00027740: 2061 6e64 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 and available i\n+00027750: 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2e0a nput terminals..\n+00027760: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2027 2d2d 6170 . With '--ap\n+00027770: 7065 6e64 272c 2061 6464 2074 6865 206e pend', add the n\n+00027780: 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2074 amed terminals t\n+00027790: 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6163 o the list of ac\n+000277a0: 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7075 7420 tive. input \n+000277b0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 733b 2061 6e79 206f terminals; any o\n+000277c0: 6620 7468 6573 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2075 f these may be u\n+000277d0: 7365 6420 746f 2070 726f 7669 6465 2069 sed to provide i\n+000277e0: 6e70 7574 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 nput to GRUB... \n+000277f0: 2020 2020 5769 7468 2027 2d2d 7265 6d6f With '--remo\n+00027800: 7665 272c 2072 656d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 ve', remove the \n+00027810: 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 named terminals \n+00027820: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 from the active \n+00027830: 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 list... With\n+00027840: 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 no options but \n+00027850: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7465 726d 696e a list of termin\n+00027860: 616c 206e 616d 6573 2c20 6d61 6b65 206f al names, make o\n+00027870: 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 6564 0a20 nly the listed. \n+00027880: 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d terminal nam\n+00027890: 6573 2061 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 es active.....Fi\n+000278a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000278b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f Node: terminal_o\n+000278c0: 7574 7075 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 utput, Next: te\n+000278d0: 726d 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 rminfo, Prev: t\n+000278e0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 erminal_input, \n+000278f0: 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d Up: General comm\n+00027900: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e32 2e33 2074 6572 ands..16.2.3 ter\n+00027910: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 0a2d 2d2d minal_output.---\n 00027920: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00027930: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00027940: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 7420 terminal_output \n-00027950: 5b2d 2d61 7070 656e 647c 2d2d 7265 6d6f [--append|--remo\n-00027960: 7665 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c31 5d20 ve] [terminal1] \n-00027970: 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c32 5d0a 2020 2020 [terminal2]. \n-00027980: 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c .... L\n-00027990: 6973 7420 6f72 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e ist or select an\n-000279a0: 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c output terminal\n-000279b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 ... With no \n-000279c0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 206c 6973 7420 arguments, list \n-000279d0: 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2061 6e64 2061 the active and a\n-000279e0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7574 7075 7420 vailable output \n-000279f0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 terminals... \n-00027a00: 2057 6974 6820 272d 2d61 7070 656e 6427 With '--append'\n-00027a10: 2c20 6164 6420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 , add the named \n-00027a20: 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 746f 2074 6865 terminals to the\n-00027a30: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6374 6976 650a list of active.\n-00027a40: 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d output term\n-00027a50: 696e 616c 733b 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 7468 inals; all of th\n-00027a60: 6573 6520 7769 6c6c 2072 6563 6569 7665 ese will receive\n-00027a70: 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 output from GRU\n-00027a80: 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 272d B... With '-\n-00027a90: 2d72 656d 6f76 6527 2c20 7265 6d6f 7665 -remove', remove\n-00027aa0: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 the named termi\n-00027ab0: 6e61 6c73 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6163 nals from the ac\n-00027ac0: 7469 7665 206c 6973 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 tive list... \n-00027ad0: 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 206f 7074 696f 6e73 With no options\n-00027ae0: 2062 7574 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 but a list of t\n-00027af0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 732c 206d erminal names, m\n-00027b00: 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 206c 6973 ake only the lis\n-00027b10: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ted. termina\n-00027b20: 6c20 6e61 6d65 7320 6163 7469 7665 2e0a l names active..\n-00027b30: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00027b40: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 fo, Node: termi\n-00027b50: 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7465 726d nfo, Prev: term\n-00027b60: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 742c 2020 5570 inal_output, Up\n-00027b70: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e : General comman\n-00027b80: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e32 2e34 2074 6572 6d69 ds..16.2.4 termi\n-00027b90: 6e66 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nfo.------------\n-00027ba0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00027bb0: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 205b 2d61 7c2d : terminfo [-a|-\n-00027bc0: 757c 2d76 5d20 5b2d 6720 5778 485d 205b u|-v] [-g WxH] [\n-00027bd0: 7465 726d 5d20 5b74 7970 655d 0a20 2020 term] [type]. \n-00027be0: 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2074 6865 2063 6170 Define the cap\n-00027bf0: 6162 696c 6974 6965 7320 6f66 2079 6f75 abilities of you\n-00027c00: 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2062 7920 6769 r terminal by gi\n-00027c10: 7669 6e67 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 ving the name of\n-00027c20: 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 2069 an. entry i\n-00027c30: 6e20 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 666f 2064 n the terminfo d\n-00027c40: 6174 6162 6173 652c 2077 6869 6368 2073 atabase, which s\n-00027c50: 686f 756c 6420 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 hould correspond\n-00027c60: 2072 6f75 6768 6c79 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 roughly to. \n-00027c70: 2061 2027 5445 524d 2720 656e 7669 726f a 'TERM' enviro\n-00027c80: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 nment variable i\n-00027c90: 6e20 556e 6978 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 n Unix... Th\n-00027ca0: 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6176 6169 e currently avai\n-00027cb0: 6c61 626c 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 lable terminal t\n-00027cc0: 7970 6573 2061 7265 2027 7674 3130 3027 ypes are 'vt100'\n-00027cd0: 2c20 2776 7431 3030 2d63 6f6c 6f72 272c , 'vt100-color',\n-00027ce0: 0a20 2020 2020 2769 6565 6531 3237 3527 . 'ieee1275'\n-00027cf0: 2c20 616e 6420 2764 756d 6227 2e20 2049 , and 'dumb'. I\n-00027d00: 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 206f 7468 6572 f you need other\n-00027d10: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 732c terminal types,\n-00027d20: 2070 6c65 6173 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e please. con\n-00027d30: 7461 6374 2075 7320 746f 2064 6973 6375 tact us to discu\n-00027d40: 7373 2074 6865 2062 6573 7420 7761 7920 ss the best way \n-00027d50: 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2073 7570 706f to include suppo\n-00027d60: 7274 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 2069 6e0a rt for these in.\n-00027d70: 2020 2020 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 GRUB... \n-00027d80: 2054 6865 2027 2d61 2720 2827 2d2d 6173 The '-a' ('--as\n-00027d90: 6369 6927 292c 2027 2d75 2720 2827 2d2d cii'), '-u' ('--\n-00027da0: 7574 6638 2729 2c20 616e 6420 272d 7627 utf8'), and '-v'\n-00027db0: 2028 272d 2d76 6973 7561 6c2d 7574 6638 ('--visual-utf8\n-00027dc0: 2729 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 '). options \n-00027dd0: 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 686f 7720 6e6f 6e2d control how non-\n-00027de0: 4153 4349 4920 7465 7874 2069 7320 6469 ASCII text is di\n-00027df0: 7370 6c61 7965 642e 2020 272d 6127 2073 splayed. '-a' s\n-00027e00: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 pecifies an. \n-00027e10: 2041 5343 4949 2d6f 6e6c 7920 7465 726d ASCII-only term\n-00027e20: 696e 616c 3b20 272d 7527 2073 7065 6369 inal; '-u' speci\n-00027e30: 6669 6573 206c 6f67 6963 616c 6c79 2d6f fies logically-o\n-00027e40: 7264 6572 6564 2055 5446 2d38 3b20 616e rdered UTF-8; an\n-00027e50: 640a 2020 2020 2027 2d76 2720 7370 6563 d. '-v' spec\n-00027e60: 6966 6965 7320 2276 6973 7561 6c6c 792d ifies \"visually-\n-00027e70: 6f72 6465 7265 6420 5554 462d 3822 2028 ordered UTF-8\" (\n-00027e80: 696e 206f 7468 6572 2077 6f72 6473 2c20 in other words, \n-00027e90: 6172 7261 6e67 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7375 arranged. su\n-00027ea0: 6368 2074 6861 7420 6120 7465 726d 696e ch that a termin\n-00027eb0: 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 7769 7468 al emulator with\n-00027ec0: 6f75 7420 6269 6469 7265 6374 696f 6e61 out bidirectiona\n-00027ed0: 6c20 7465 7874 2073 7570 706f 7274 0a20 l text support. \n-00027ee0: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 will display\n-00027ef0: 2072 6967 6874 2d74 6f2d 6c65 6674 2074 right-to-left t\n-00027f00: 6578 7420 696e 2074 6865 2070 726f 7065 ext in the prope\n-00027f10: 7220 6f72 6465 723b 2074 6869 7320 6973 r order; this is\n-00027f20: 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7265 616c 6c79 not. really\n-00027f30: 2070 726f 7065 7220 5554 462d 382c 2062 proper UTF-8, b\n-00027f40: 7574 2061 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6429 ut a workaround)\n-00027f50: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 272d 6727 ... The '-g'\n-00027f60: 2028 272d 2d67 656f 6d65 7472 7927 2920 ('--geometry') \n-00027f70: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 can be used to s\n-00027f80: 7065 6369 6679 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 pecify terminal \n-00027f90: 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 geometry... \n-00027fa0: 4966 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 If no option or \n-00027fb0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 6520 6973 terminal type is\n-00027fc0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7468 6520 specified, the \n-00027fd0: 6375 7272 656e 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c current terminal\n-00027fe0: 0a20 2020 2020 7479 7065 2069 7320 7072 . type is pr\n-00027ff0: 696e 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 inted.....File: \n-00028000: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00028010: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n-00028020: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n-00028030: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204e mmands, Next: N\n-00028040: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n-00028050: 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 656e 6572 ds, Prev: Gener\n-00028060: 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 al commands, Up\n-00028070: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 : Commands..16.3\n-00028080: 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d The list of com\n-00028090: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 mand-line and me\n-000280a0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nu entry command\n-000280b0: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n+00027930: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00027940: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 : terminal_outpu\n+00027950: 7420 5b2d 2d61 7070 656e 647c 2d2d 7265 t [--append|--re\n+00027960: 6d6f 7665 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c31 move] [terminal1\n+00027970: 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c32 5d0a 2020 ] [terminal2]. \n+00027980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 .... \n+00027990: 204c 6973 7420 6f72 2073 656c 6563 7420 List or select \n+000279a0: 616e 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e an output termin\n+000279b0: 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e al... With n\n+000279c0: 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 206c 6973 o arguments, lis\n+000279d0: 7420 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2061 6e64 t the active and\n+000279e0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7574 7075 available outpu\n+000279f0: 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 732e 0a0a 2020 t terminals... \n+00027a00: 2020 2057 6974 6820 272d 2d61 7070 656e With '--appen\n+00027a10: 6427 2c20 6164 6420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 d', add the name\n+00027a20: 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 746f 2074 d terminals to t\n+00027a30: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6374 6976 he list of activ\n+00027a40: 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 e. output te\n+00027a50: 726d 696e 616c 733b 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 rminals; all of \n+00027a60: 7468 6573 6520 7769 6c6c 2072 6563 6569 these will recei\n+00027a70: 7665 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2047 ve output from G\n+00027a80: 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 RUB... With \n+00027a90: 272d 2d72 656d 6f76 6527 2c20 7265 6d6f '--remove', remo\n+00027aa0: 7665 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 ve the named ter\n+00027ab0: 6d69 6e61 6c73 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 minals from the \n+00027ac0: 6163 7469 7665 206c 6973 742e 0a0a 2020 active list... \n+00027ad0: 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 206f 7074 696f With no optio\n+00027ae0: 6e73 2062 7574 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 ns but a list of\n+00027af0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 732c terminal names,\n+00027b00: 206d 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 206c make only the l\n+00027b10: 6973 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 isted. termi\n+00027b20: 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 7320 6163 7469 7665 nal names active\n+00027b30: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00027b40: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 info, Node: ter\n+00027b50: 6d69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7465 minfo, Prev: te\n+00027b60: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 742c 2020 rminal_output, \n+00027b70: 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d Up: General comm\n+00027b80: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e32 2e34 2074 6572 ands..16.2.4 ter\n+00027b90: 6d69 6e66 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d minfo.----------\n+00027ba0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00027bb0: 6e64 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 205b 2d61 nd: terminfo [-a\n+00027bc0: 7c2d 757c 2d76 5d20 5b2d 6720 5778 485d |-u|-v] [-g WxH]\n+00027bd0: 205b 7465 726d 5d20 5b74 7970 655d 0a20 [term] [type]. \n+00027be0: 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2074 6865 2063 Define the c\n+00027bf0: 6170 6162 696c 6974 6965 7320 6f66 2079 apabilities of y\n+00027c00: 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2062 7920 our terminal by \n+00027c10: 6769 7669 6e67 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 giving the name \n+00027c20: 6f66 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 of an. entry\n+00027c30: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 666f in the terminfo\n+00027c40: 2064 6174 6162 6173 652c 2077 6869 6368 database, which\n+00027c50: 2073 686f 756c 6420 636f 7272 6573 706f should correspo\n+00027c60: 6e64 2072 6f75 6768 6c79 2074 6f0a 2020 nd roughly to. \n+00027c70: 2020 2061 2027 5445 524d 2720 656e 7669 a 'TERM' envi\n+00027c80: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00027c90: 2069 6e20 556e 6978 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 in Unix... \n+00027ca0: 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6176 The currently av\n+00027cb0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c ailable terminal\n+00027cc0: 2074 7970 6573 2061 7265 2027 7674 3130 types are 'vt10\n+00027cd0: 3027 2c20 2776 7431 3030 2d63 6f6c 6f72 0', 'vt100-color\n+00027ce0: 272c 0a20 2020 2020 2769 6565 6531 3237 ',. 'ieee127\n+00027cf0: 3527 2c20 616e 6420 2764 756d 6227 2e20 5', and 'dumb'. \n+00027d00: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 206f 7468 If you need oth\n+00027d10: 6572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 er terminal type\n+00027d20: 732c 2070 6c65 6173 650a 2020 2020 2063 s, please. c\n+00027d30: 6f6e 7461 6374 2075 7320 746f 2064 6973 ontact us to dis\n+00027d40: 6375 7373 2074 6865 2062 6573 7420 7761 cuss the best wa\n+00027d50: 7920 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2073 7570 y to include sup\n+00027d60: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 2069 port for these i\n+00027d70: 6e0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 n. GRUB... \n+00027d80: 2020 2054 6865 2027 2d61 2720 2827 2d2d The '-a' ('--\n+00027d90: 6173 6369 6927 292c 2027 2d75 2720 2827 ascii'), '-u' ('\n+00027da0: 2d2d 7574 6638 2729 2c20 616e 6420 272d --utf8'), and '-\n+00027db0: 7627 2028 272d 2d76 6973 7561 6c2d 7574 v' ('--visual-ut\n+00027dc0: 6638 2729 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e f8'). option\n+00027dd0: 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 686f 7720 6e6f s control how no\n+00027de0: 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 7465 7874 2069 7320 n-ASCII text is \n+00027df0: 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642e 2020 272d 6127 displayed. '-a'\n+00027e00: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 6e0a 2020 specifies an. \n+00027e10: 2020 2041 5343 4949 2d6f 6e6c 7920 7465 ASCII-only te\n+00027e20: 726d 696e 616c 3b20 272d 7527 2073 7065 rminal; '-u' spe\n+00027e30: 6369 6669 6573 206c 6f67 6963 616c 6c79 cifies logically\n+00027e40: 2d6f 7264 6572 6564 2055 5446 2d38 3b20 -ordered UTF-8; \n+00027e50: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2027 2d76 2720 7370 and. '-v' sp\n+00027e60: 6563 6966 6965 7320 2276 6973 7561 6c6c ecifies \"visuall\n+00027e70: 792d 6f72 6465 7265 6420 5554 462d 3822 y-ordered UTF-8\"\n+00027e80: 2028 696e 206f 7468 6572 2077 6f72 6473 (in other words\n+00027e90: 2c20 6172 7261 6e67 6564 0a20 2020 2020 , arranged. \n+00027ea0: 7375 6368 2074 6861 7420 6120 7465 726d such that a term\n+00027eb0: 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 7769 inal emulator wi\n+00027ec0: 7468 6f75 7420 6269 6469 7265 6374 696f thout bidirectio\n+00027ed0: 6e61 6c20 7465 7874 2073 7570 706f 7274 nal text support\n+00027ee0: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c . will displ\n+00027ef0: 6179 2072 6967 6874 2d74 6f2d 6c65 6674 ay right-to-left\n+00027f00: 2074 6578 7420 696e 2074 6865 2070 726f text in the pro\n+00027f10: 7065 7220 6f72 6465 723b 2074 6869 7320 per order; this \n+00027f20: 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7265 616c is not. real\n+00027f30: 6c79 2070 726f 7065 7220 5554 462d 382c ly proper UTF-8,\n+00027f40: 2062 7574 2061 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e but a workaroun\n+00027f50: 6429 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 272d d)... The '-\n+00027f60: 6727 2028 272d 2d67 656f 6d65 7472 7927 g' ('--geometry'\n+00027f70: 2920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f ) can be used to\n+00027f80: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 specify termina\n+00027f90: 6c20 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 l geometry... \n+00027fa0: 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f If no option o\n+00027fb0: 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 6520 r terminal type \n+00027fc0: 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7468 is specified, th\n+00027fd0: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 7465 726d 696e e current termin\n+00027fe0: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7479 7065 2069 7320 al. type is \n+00027ff0: 7072 696e 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 printed.....File\n+00028000: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00028010: 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 de: Command-line\n+00028020: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n+00028030: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a commands, Next:\n+00028040: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n+00028050: 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 656e ands, Prev: Gen\n+00028060: 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 eral commands, \n+00028070: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 Up: Commands..16\n+00028080: 2e33 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 .3 The list of c\n+00028090: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n+000280a0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n+000280b0: 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nds.============\n 000280c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000280d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000280e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 7365 2063 =======..These c\n-000280f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 7573 6162 ommands are usab\n-00028100: 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e le in the comman\n-00028110: 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 6d65 d-line and in me\n-00028120: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 2049 660a nu entries. If.\n-00028130: 796f 7520 666f 7267 6574 2061 2063 6f6d you forget a com\n-00028140: 6d61 6e64 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7275 mand, you can ru\n-00028150: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 2768 n the command 'h\n-00028160: 656c 7027 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6865 6c70 elp' (*note help\n-00028170: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ::)...* Menu:..*\n-00028180: 205b 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 [:: \n-00028190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 C\n-000281a0: 6865 636b 2066 696c 6520 7479 7065 7320 heck file types \n-000281b0: 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7661 6c75 and compare valu\n-000281c0: 6573 0a2a 2061 6370 693a 3a20 2020 2020 es.* acpi:: \n+000280e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 7365 =========..These\n+000280f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 7573 commands are us\n+00028100: 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d able in the comm\n+00028110: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 and-line and in \n+00028120: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 2049 menu entries. I\n+00028130: 660a 796f 7520 666f 7267 6574 2061 2063 f.you forget a c\n+00028140: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ommand, you can \n+00028150: 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 run the command \n+00028160: 2768 656c 7027 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6865 'help' (*note he\n+00028170: 6c70 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a lp::)...* Menu:.\n+00028180: 0a2a 205b 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* [:: \n+00028190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000281a0: 2043 6865 636b 2066 696c 6520 7479 7065 Check file type\n+000281b0: 7320 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7661 s and compare va\n+000281c0: 6c75 6573 0a2a 2061 6370 693a 3a20 2020 lues.* acpi:: \n 000281d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000281e0: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4143 5049 2074 6162 Load ACPI tab\n-000281f0: 6c65 730a 2a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 les.* authentica\n-00028200: 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te:: \n-00028210: 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 Check whethe\n-00028220: 7220 7573 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2020 2020 2020 4669 6c74 Filt\n+000282f0: 6572 206f 7574 2062 6164 2072 6567 696f er out bad regio\n+00028300: 6e73 206f 6620 5241 4d0a 2a20 626c 6f63 ns of RAM.* bloc\n+00028310: 6b6c 6973 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 klist:: \n+00028320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 Print \n+00028330: 6120 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 0a2a 2062 a block list.* b\n+00028340: 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot:: \n+00028350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7461 Sta\n+00028360: 7274 2075 7020 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 rt up your opera\n+00028370: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2a20 6361 ting system.* ca\n+00028380: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n+00028390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5368 6f77 Show\n+000283a0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n+000283b0: 2061 2066 696c 650a 2a20 6368 6169 6e6c a file.* chainl\n+000283c0: 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader:: \n+000283d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f Chain-lo\n+000283e0: 6164 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6172 6520 7477 6f20 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 are two files.* \n-000284f0: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a3a 2020 2020 configfile:: \n-00028500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f Lo\n-00028510: 6164 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ad a configurati\n-00028520: 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 6370 7569 643a on file.* cpuid:\n-00028530: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-00028540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 666f Check fo\n-00028550: 7220 4350 5520 6665 6174 7572 6573 0a2a r CPU features.*\n-00028560: 2063 7263 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 crc:: \n-00028570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 C\n-00028580: 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 ompute or check \n-00028590: 4352 4333 3220 6368 6563 6b73 756d 730a CRC32 checksums.\n-000285a0: 2a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 743a 3a20 * cryptomount:: \n-000285b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000285c0: 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 6372 7970 746f 2064 Mount a crypto d\n-000285d0: 6576 6963 650a 2a20 6375 746d 656d 3a3a evice.* cutmem::\n-000285e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000285f0: 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 206d 656d Remove mem\n-00028600: 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 730a 2a20 6461 ory regions.* da\n-00028610: 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te:: \n-00028620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4469 7370 Disp\n-00028630: 6c61 7920 6f72 2073 6574 2063 7572 7265 lay or set curre\n-00028640: 6e74 2064 6174 6520 616e 6420 7469 6d65 nt date and time\n-00028650: 0a2a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 653a 3a20 .* devicetree:: \n-00028660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00028670: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 7669 6365 2074 Load a device t\n-00028680: 7265 6520 626c 6f62 0a2a 2064 6973 7472 ree blob.* distr\n-00028690: 7573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ust:: \n-000286a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 Remove \n-000286b0: 6120 7075 626b 6579 2066 726f 6d20 7472 a pubkey from tr\n-000286c0: 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 0a2a 2064 7269 usted keys.* dri\n-000286d0: 7665 6d61 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 vemap:: \n-000286e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 6170 2061 Map a\n-000286f0: 2064 7269 7665 2074 6f20 616e 6f74 6865 drive to anothe\n-00028700: 720a 2a20 6563 686f 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 r.* echo:: \n+00028410: 2020 2020 2020 2043 6c65 6172 2074 6865 Clear the\n+00028420: 2073 6372 6565 6e0a 2a20 636d 6f73 636c screen.* cmoscl\n+00028430: 6561 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ean:: \n+00028440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 436c 6561 7220 6269 Clear bi\n+00028450: 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 530a 2a20 636d 6f73 t in CMOS.* cmos\n+00028460: 6475 6d70 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dump:: \n+00028470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4475 6d70 2043 Dump C\n+00028480: 4d4f 5320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 0a2a 2063 MOS contents.* c\n+00028490: 6d6f 7374 6573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 mostest:: \n+000284a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6573 Tes\n+000284b0: 7420 6269 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 530a 2a20 t bit in CMOS.* \n+000284c0: 636d 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cmp:: \n+000284d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f Co\n+000284e0: 6d70 6172 6520 7477 6f20 6669 6c65 730a mpare two files.\n+000284f0: 2a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a3a 2020 * configfile:: \n+00028500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00028510: 4c6f 6164 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Load a configura\n+00028520: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 6370 7569 tion file.* cpui\n+00028530: 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d:: \n+00028540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 Check \n+00028550: 666f 7220 4350 5520 6665 6174 7572 6573 for CPU features\n+00028560: 0a2a 2063 7263 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* crc:: \n+00028570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00028580: 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 Compute or chec\n+00028590: 6b20 4352 4333 3220 6368 6563 6b73 756d k CRC32 checksum\n+000285a0: 730a 2a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 743a s.* cryptomount:\n+000285b0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+000285c0: 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 6372 7970 746f Mount a crypto\n+000285d0: 2064 6576 6963 650a 2a20 6375 746d 656d device.* cutmem\n+000285e0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+000285f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 206d Remove m\n+00028600: 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 730a 2a20 emory regions.* \n+00028610: 6461 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 date:: \n+00028620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4469 Di\n+00028630: 7370 6c61 7920 6f72 2073 6574 2063 7572 splay or set cur\n+00028640: 7265 6e74 2064 6174 6520 616e 6420 7469 rent date and ti\n+00028650: 6d65 0a2a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 653a me.* devicetree:\n+00028660: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00028670: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 7669 6365 Load a device\n+00028680: 2074 7265 6520 626c 6f62 0a2a 2064 6973 tree blob.* dis\n+00028690: 7472 7573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 trust:: \n+000286a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 Remov\n+000286b0: 6520 6120 7075 626b 6579 2066 726f 6d20 e a pubkey from \n+000286c0: 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 0a2a 2064 trusted keys.* d\n+000286d0: 7269 7665 6d61 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 rivemap:: \n+000286e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 6170 Map\n+000286f0: 2061 2064 7269 7665 2074 6f20 616e 6f74 a drive to anot\n+00028700: 6865 720a 2a20 6563 686f 3a3a 2020 2020 her.* echo:: \n 00028710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00028720: 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 6120 6c69 6e65 Display a line\n-00028730: 206f 6620 7465 7874 0a2a 2065 7661 6c3a of text.* eval:\n-00028740: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-00028750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 7661 6c75 6174 Evaluat\n-00028760: 6520 6167 7275 6d65 6e74 7320 6173 2047 e agruments as G\n-00028770: 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a2a 2065 RUB commands.* e\n-00028780: 7870 6f72 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 xport:: \n-00028790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 7870 Exp\n-000287a0: 6f72 7420 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 ort an environme\n-000287b0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 2a20 6661 nt variable.* fa\n-000287c0: 6c73 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lse:: \n-000287d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 206e Do n\n-000287e0: 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 756e 7375 6363 6573 othing, unsucces\n-000287f0: 7366 756c 6c79 0a2a 2067 6574 7465 7874 sfully.* gettext\n-00028800: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-00028810: 2020 2020 2020 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 Translate\n-00028820: 2061 2073 7472 696e 670a 2a20 6770 7473 a string.* gpts\n-00028830: 796e 633a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ync:: \n-00028840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4669 6c6c 2061 Fill a\n-00028850: 6e20 4d42 5220 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2047 n MBR based on G\n-00028860: 5054 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a2a 2068 616c PT entries.* hal\n-00028870: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n-00028880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6875 7420 Shut \n-00028890: 646f 776e 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 down your comput\n-000288a0: 6572 0a2a 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2020 er.* hashsum:: \n+00028720: 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 6120 6c69 Display a li\n+00028730: 6e65 206f 6620 7465 7874 0a2a 2065 7661 ne of text.* eva\n+00028740: 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l:: \n+00028750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 7661 6c75 Evalu\n+00028760: 6174 6520 6167 7275 6d65 6e74 7320 6173 ate agruments as\n+00028770: 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a2a GRUB commands.*\n+00028780: 2065 7870 6f72 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 export:: \n+00028790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 E\n+000287a0: 7870 6f72 7420 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e xport an environ\n+000287b0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 2a20 ment variable.* \n+000287c0: 6661 6c73 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 false:: \n+000287d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f Do\n+000287e0: 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 756e 7375 6363 nothing, unsucc\n+000287f0: 6573 7366 756c 6c79 0a2a 2067 6574 7465 essfully.* gette\n+00028800: 7874 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xt:: \n+00028810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 Transla\n+00028820: 7465 2061 2073 7472 696e 670a 2a20 6770 te a string.* gp\n+00028830: 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modules.\n-00028c40: 2a20 6d64 3573 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * md5sum:: \n+00028bc0: 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2064 6576 6963 List devic\n+00028bd0: 6573 206f 7220 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 6c73 es or files.* ls\n+00028be0: 666f 6e74 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 fonts:: \n+00028bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 List\n+00028c00: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 730a 2a20 loaded fonts.* \n+00028c10: 6c73 6d6f 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lsmod:: \n+00028c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5368 Sh\n+00028c30: 6f77 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 ow loaded module\n+00028c40: 730a 2a20 6d64 3573 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 s.* md5sum:: \n 00028c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00028c60: 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b Compute or check\n-00028c70: 204d 4435 2068 6173 680a 2a20 6d6f 6475 MD5 hash.* modu\n-00028c80: 6c65 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le:: \n-00028c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 206d Load m\n-00028ca0: 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 6d75 6c74 6962 odule for multib\n-00028cb0: 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206d 756c oot kernel.* mul\n-00028cc0: 7469 626f 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 tiboot:: \n-00028cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 Load \n-00028ce0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 636f 6d70 6c69 multiboot compli\n-00028cf0: 616e 7420 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206e 6174 ant kernel.* nat\n-00028d00: 6976 6564 6973 6b3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ivedisk:: \n-00028d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7769 7463 Switc\n-00028d20: 6820 746f 206e 6174 6976 6520 6469 736b h to native disk\n-00028d30: 2064 7269 7665 7273 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 drivers.* norma\n-00028d40: 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l:: \n-00028d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 206e Enter n\n-00028d60: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a2a 206e 6f72 ormal mode.* nor\n-00028d70: 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 mal_exit:: \n-00028d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 Exit \n-00028d90: 6672 6f6d 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 from normal mode\n-00028da0: 0a2a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c3a 3a20 2020 .* parttool:: \n+00028c60: 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 Compute or che\n+00028c70: 636b 204d 4435 2068 6173 680a 2a20 6d6f ck MD5 hash.* mo\n+00028c80: 6475 6c65 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dule:: \n+00028c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 Load\n+00028ca0: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 6d75 6c74 module for mult\n+00028cb0: 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206d iboot kernel.* m\n+00028cc0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 ultiboot:: \n+00028cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 Loa\n+00028ce0: 6420 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 636f 6d70 d multiboot comp\n+00028cf0: 6c69 616e 7420 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206e liant kernel.* n\n+00028d00: 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b3a 3a20 2020 2020 ativedisk:: \n+00028d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7769 Swi\n+00028d20: 7463 6820 746f 206e 6174 6976 6520 6469 tch to native di\n+00028d30: 736b 2064 7269 7665 7273 0a2a 206e 6f72 sk drivers.* nor\n+00028d40: 6d61 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mal:: \n+00028d50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 Enter\n+00028d60: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a2a 206e normal mode.* n\n+00028d70: 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 3a3a 2020 2020 ormal_exit:: \n+00028d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 7869 Exi\n+00028d90: 7420 6672 6f6d 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f t from normal mo\n+00028da0: 6465 0a2a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c3a 3a20 de.* parttool:: \n 00028db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00028dc0: 204d 6f64 6966 7920 7061 7274 6974 696f Modify partitio\n-00028dd0: 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 6965 730a n table entries.\n-00028de0: 2a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a3a 2020 2020 * password:: \n+00028dc0: 2020 204d 6f64 6966 7920 7061 7274 6974 Modify partit\n+00028dd0: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 6965 ion table entrie\n+00028de0: 730a 2a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a3a 2020 s.* password:: \n 00028df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00028e00: 5365 7420 6120 636c 6561 722d 7465 7874 Set a clear-text\n-00028e10: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2a20 7061 7373 password.* pass\n-00028e20: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 323a 3a20 2020 word_pbkdf2:: \n-00028e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 6120 Set a \n-00028e40: 6861 7368 6564 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a hashed password.\n-00028e50: 2a20 706c 6179 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * play:: \n+00028e00: 2020 5365 7420 6120 636c 6561 722d 7465 Set a clear-te\n+00028e10: 7874 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2a20 7061 xt password.* pa\n+00028e20: 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 323a 3a20 ssword_pbkdf2:: \n+00028e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 Set \n+00028e40: 6120 6861 7368 6564 2070 6173 7377 6f72 a hashed passwor\n+00028e50: 640a 2a20 706c 6179 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 d.* play:: \n 00028e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00028e70: 506c 6179 2061 2074 756e 650a 2a20 7072 Play a tune.* pr\n-00028e80: 6f62 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 obe:: \n-00028e90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 7472 Retr\n-00028ea0: 6965 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f ieve device info\n-00028eb0: 0a2a 2072 646d 7372 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 .* rdmsr:: \n+00028e70: 2020 506c 6179 2061 2074 756e 650a 2a20 Play a tune.* \n+00028e80: 7072 6f62 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 probe:: \n+00028e90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 Re\n+00028ea0: 7472 6965 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e trieve device in\n+00028eb0: 666f 0a2a 2072 646d 7372 3a3a 2020 2020 fo.* rdmsr:: \n 00028ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00028ed0: 2052 6561 6420 7661 6c75 6573 2066 726f Read values fro\n-00028ee0: 6d20 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 m model-specific\n-00028ef0: 2072 6567 6973 7465 7273 0a2a 2072 6561 registers.* rea\n-00028f00: 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d:: \n-00028f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 Read \n-00028f20: 7573 6572 2069 6e70 7574 0a2a 2072 6562 user input.* reb\n-00028f30: 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot:: \n-00028f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6562 6f6f Reboo\n-00028f50: 7420 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 720a t your computer.\n-00028f60: 2a20 7265 6765 7870 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * regexp:: \n+00028ed0: 2020 2052 6561 6420 7661 6c75 6573 2066 Read values f\n+00028ee0: 726f 6d20 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 rom model-specif\n+00028ef0: 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 7273 0a2a 2072 ic registers.* r\n+00028f00: 6561 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ead:: \n+00028f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6561 Rea\n+00028f20: 6420 7573 6572 2069 6e70 7574 0a2a 2072 d user input.* r\n+00028f30: 6562 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 eboot:: \n+00028f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6562 Reb\n+00028f50: 6f6f 7420 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 oot your compute\n+00028f60: 720a 2a20 7265 6765 7870 3a3a 2020 2020 r.* regexp:: \n 00028f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00028f80: 5465 7374 2069 6620 7265 6775 6c61 7220 Test if regular \n-00028f90: 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 206d 6174 6368 expression match\n-00028fa0: 6573 2073 7472 696e 670a 2a20 726d 6d6f es string.* rmmo\n-00028fb0: 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d:: \n-00028fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 Remove\n-00028fd0: 2061 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2a20 7361 7665 a module.* save\n-00028fe0: 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _env:: \n-00028ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5361 7665 2076 Save v\n-00029000: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 656e 7669 ariables to envi\n-00029010: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a 2a20 ronment block.* \n-00029020: 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 search:: \n-00029030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 Se\n-00029040: 6172 6368 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 7920 arch devices by \n-00029050: 6669 6c65 2c20 6c61 6265 6c2c 206f 7220 file, label, or \n-00029060: 5555 4944 0a2a 2073 656e 646b 6579 3a3a UUID.* sendkey::\n-00029070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029080: 2020 2020 2045 6d75 6c61 7465 206b 6579 Emulate key\n-00029090: 7374 726f 6b65 730a 2a20 7365 743a 3a20 strokes.* set:: \n-000290a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000290b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 616e 2065 Set an e\n-000290c0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-000290d0: 626c 650a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 6d3a 3a20 ble.* sha1sum:: \n-000290e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000290f0: 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 Compute or c\n-00029100: 6865 636b 2053 4841 3120 6861 7368 0a2a heck SHA1 hash.*\n-00029110: 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 sha256sum:: \n-00029120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 C\n-00029130: 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 ompute or check \n-00029140: 5348 4132 3536 2068 6173 680a 2a20 7368 SHA256 hash.* sh\n-00029150: 6135 3132 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 a512sum:: \n-00029160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 Comp\n-00029170: 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2053 4841 ute or check SHA\n-00029180: 3531 3220 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 6c65 6570 512 hash.* sleep\n-00029190: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-000291a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6169 7420 666f Wait fo\n-000291b0: 7220 6120 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6e75 r a specified nu\n-000291c0: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 730a mber of seconds.\n-000291d0: 2a20 736d 6269 6f73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * smbios:: \n+00028f80: 2020 5465 7374 2069 6620 7265 6775 6c61 Test if regula\n+00028f90: 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 206d 6174 r expression mat\n+00028fa0: 6368 6573 2073 7472 696e 670a 2a20 726d ches string.* rm\n+00028fb0: 6d6f 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mod:: \n+00028fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f Remo\n+00028fd0: 7665 2061 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2a20 7361 ve a module.* sa\n+00028fe0: 7665 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ve_env:: \n+00028ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5361 7665 Save\n+00029000: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 656e variables to en\n+00029010: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a vironment block.\n+00029020: 2a20 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * search:: \n+00029030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00029040: 5365 6172 6368 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 Search devices b\n+00029050: 7920 6669 6c65 2c20 6c61 6265 6c2c 206f y file, label, o\n+00029060: 7220 5555 4944 0a2a 2073 656e 646b 6579 r UUID.* sendkey\n+00029070: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+00029080: 2020 2020 2020 2045 6d75 6c61 7465 206b Emulate k\n+00029090: 6579 7374 726f 6b65 730a 2a20 7365 743a eystrokes.* set:\n+000290a0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+000290b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 616e Set an\n+000290c0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000290d0: 6961 626c 650a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 6d3a iable.* sha1sum:\n+000290e0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+000290f0: 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 Compute or\n+00029100: 2063 6865 636b 2053 4841 3120 6861 7368 check SHA1 hash\n+00029110: 0a2a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 3a3a 2020 .* sha256sum:: \n+00029120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00029130: 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 Compute or chec\n+00029140: 6b20 5348 4132 3536 2068 6173 680a 2a20 k SHA256 hash.* \n+00029150: 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 sha512sum:: \n+00029160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f Co\n+00029170: 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2053 mpute or check S\n+00029180: 4841 3531 3220 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 6c65 HA512 hash.* sle\n+00029190: 6570 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ep:: \n+000291a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6169 7420 Wait \n+000291b0: 666f 7220 6120 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 for a specified \n+000291c0: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 number of second\n+000291d0: 730a 2a20 736d 6269 6f73 3a3a 2020 2020 s.* smbios:: \n 000291e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000291f0: 5265 7472 6965 7665 2053 4d42 494f 5320 Retrieve SMBIOS \n-00029200: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 736f information.* so\n-00029210: 7572 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 urce:: \n-00029220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6164 Read\n-00029230: 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e a configuration\n-00029240: 2066 696c 6520 696e 2073 616d 6520 636f file in same co\n-00029250: 6e74 6578 740a 2a20 7465 7374 3a3a 2020 ntext.* test:: \n+000291f0: 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2053 4d42 494f Retrieve SMBIO\n+00029200: 5320 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 S information.* \n+00029210: 736f 7572 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 source:: \n+00029220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 Re\n+00029230: 6164 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ad a configurati\n+00029240: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 696e 2073 616d 6520 on file in same \n+00029250: 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2a20 7465 7374 3a3a context.* test::\n 00029260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029270: 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 6669 6c65 Check file\n-00029280: 2074 7970 6573 2061 6e64 2063 6f6d 7061 types and compa\n-00029290: 7265 2076 616c 7565 730a 2a20 7472 7565 re values.* true\n-000292a0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-000292b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 206e 6f74 Do not\n-000292c0: 6869 6e67 2c20 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c hing, successful\n-000292d0: 6c79 0a2a 2074 7275 7374 3a3a 2020 2020 ly.* trust:: \n+00029270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 6669 Check fi\n+00029280: 6c65 2074 7970 6573 2061 6e64 2063 6f6d le types and com\n+00029290: 7061 7265 2076 616c 7565 730a 2a20 7472 pare values.* tr\n+000292a0: 7565 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ue:: \n+000292b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 206e Do n\n+000292c0: 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 7375 6363 6573 7366 othing, successf\n+000292d0: 756c 6c79 0a2a 2074 7275 7374 3a3a 2020 ully.* trust:: \n 000292e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000292f0: 2020 2041 6464 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 Add public ke\n-00029300: 7920 746f 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 7275 y to list of tru\n-00029310: 7374 6564 206b 6579 730a 2a20 756e 7365 sted keys.* unse\n-00029320: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n-00029330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 7365 7420 Unset \n-00029340: 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 an environment v\n-00029350: 6172 6961 626c 650a 2a20 7665 7269 6679 ariable.* verify\n-00029360: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a20 2020 2020 _detached:: \n-00029370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7269 6679 2064 Verify d\n-00029380: 6574 6163 6865 6420 6469 6769 7461 6c20 etached digital \n-00029390: 7369 676e 6174 7572 650a 2a20 7669 6465 signature.* vide\n-000293a0: 6f69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 oinfo:: \n-000293b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 List a\n-000293c0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 656f 206d vailable video m\n-000293d0: 6f64 6573 0a2a 2077 726d 7372 3a3a 2020 odes.* wrmsr:: \n+000292f0: 2020 2020 2041 6464 2070 7562 6c69 6320 Add public \n+00029300: 6b65 7920 746f 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 key to list of t\n+00029310: 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 730a 2a20 756e rusted keys.* un\n+00029320: 7365 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set:: \n+00029330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 7365 Unse\n+00029340: 7420 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 t an environment\n+00029350: 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 2a20 7665 7269 variable.* veri\n+00029360: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a20 2020 fy_detached:: \n+00029370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7269 6679 Verify\n+00029380: 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 6469 6769 7461 detached digita\n+00029390: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 650a 2a20 7669 l signature.* vi\n+000293a0: 6465 6f69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 deoinfo:: \n+000293b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 List\n+000293c0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 656f available video\n+000293d0: 206d 6f64 6573 0a2a 2077 726d 7372 3a3a modes.* wrmsr::\n 000293e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000293f0: 2020 2020 2057 7269 7465 2076 616c 7565 Write value\n-00029400: 7320 746f 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 s to model-speci\n-00029410: 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 730a 2a20 fic registers.* \n-00029420: 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 3a3a xen_hypervisor::\n-00029430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f Lo\n-00029440: 6164 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f ad xen hyperviso\n-00029450: 7220 6269 6e61 7279 2028 6f6e 6c79 206f r binary (only o\n-00029460: 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3429 0a2a 2078 656e n AArch64).* xen\n-00029470: 5f6d 6f64 756c 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 _module:: \n-00029480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 Load \n-00029490: 7865 6e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 666f 7220 xen modules for \n-000294a0: 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2028 xen hypervisor (\n-000294b0: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3429 only on AArch64)\n-000294c0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000294d0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5b2c 2020 nfo, Node: [, \n-000294e0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 2055 703a Next: acpi, Up:\n-000294f0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e Command-line an\n-00029500: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d d menu entry com\n-00029510: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3120 5b0a mands..16.3.1 [.\n-00029520: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00029530: 6d6d 616e 643a 205b 2065 7870 7265 7373 mmand: [ express\n-00029540: 696f 6e20 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 ion ]. Alias\n-00029550: 2066 6f72 2027 7465 7374 2045 5850 5245 for 'test EXPRE\n-00029560: 5353 494f 4e27 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 SSION' (*note te\n-00029570: 7374 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 st::).....File: \n-00029580: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00029590: 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2061 : acpi, Next: a\n-000295a0: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 5072 uthenticate, Pr\n-000295b0: 6576 3a20 5b2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d ev: [, Up: Comm\n-000295c0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e and-line and men\n-000295d0: 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 u entry commands\n-000295e0: 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 2061 6370 690a 2d2d ..16.3.2 acpi.--\n-000295f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00029600: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6163 7069 205b 2d31 ommand: acpi [-1\n-00029610: 7c2d 325d 205b 2d2d 6578 636c 7564 653d |-2] [--exclude=\n-00029620: 7461 626c 6531 2c2e 2e2e 7c2d 2d6c 6f61 table1,...|--loa\n-00029630: 642d 6f6e 6c79 3d74 6162 6c65 312c 2e2e d-only=table1,..\n-00029640: 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d .]. [--\n-00029650: 6f65 6d69 643d 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d6f 656d oemid=id] [--oem\n-00029660: 7461 626c 653d 7461 626c 655d 205b 2d2d table=table] [--\n-00029670: 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 7265 763d 7265 765d oemtablerev=rev]\n-00029680: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 . [--oe\n-00029690: 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 6561 746f 723d 6372 mtablecreator=cr\n-000296a0: 6561 746f 725d 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 eator] [--oemtab\n-000296b0: 6c65 6372 6561 746f 7272 6576 3d72 6576 lecreatorrev=rev\n-000296c0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e ]. [--n\n-000296d0: 6f2d 6562 6461 5d20 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 o-ebda] filename\n-000296e0: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 6465 726e .... Modern\n-000296f0: 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 7320 6e6f BIOS systems no\n-00029700: 726d 616c 6c79 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 rmally implement\n-00029710: 2074 6865 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 436f the Advanced Co\n-00029720: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 nfiguration. \n-00029730: 2061 6e64 2050 6f77 6572 2049 6e74 6572 and Power Inter\n-00029740: 6661 6365 2028 4143 5049 292c 2061 6e64 face (ACPI), and\n-00029750: 2064 6566 696e 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 define various \n-00029760: 7461 626c 6573 2074 6861 7420 6465 7363 tables that desc\n-00029770: 7269 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 696e ribe. the in\n-00029780: 7465 7266 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 terface between \n-00029790: 616e 2041 4350 492d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e an ACPI-complian\n-000297a0: 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 t operating syst\n-000297b0: 656d 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 em and the. \n-000297c0: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 736f firmware. In so\n-000297d0: 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 7461 me cases, the ta\n-000297e0: 626c 6573 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 bles provided by\n-000297f0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206f 6e6c 7920 776f default only wo\n-00029800: 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7765 6c6c 2077 6974 rk. well wit\n-00029810: 6820 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 h certain operat\n-00029820: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 ing systems, and\n-00029830: 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 206e 6563 6573 it may be neces\n-00029840: 7361 7279 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6570 sary to. rep\n-00029850: 6c61 6365 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 lace some of the\n-00029860: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c m... Normall\n-00029870: 792c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 y, this command \n-00029880: 7769 6c6c 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2074 6865 will replace the\n-00029890: 2052 6f6f 7420 5379 7374 656d 2044 6573 Root System Des\n-000298a0: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 506f cription. Po\n-000298b0: 696e 7465 7220 2852 5344 5029 2069 6e20 inter (RSDP) in \n-000298c0: 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e64 6564 2042 494f the Extended BIO\n-000298d0: 5320 4461 7461 2041 7265 6120 746f 2070 S Data Area to p\n-000298e0: 6f69 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 770a oint to the new.\n-000298f0: 2020 2020 2074 6162 6c65 732e 2020 4966 tables. If\n-00029900: 2074 6865 2027 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 6264 6127 the '--no-ebda'\n-00029910: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c option is used,\n-00029920: 2074 6865 206e 6577 2074 6162 6c65 7320 the new tables \n-00029930: 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 206b 6e6f will be. kno\n-00029940: 776e 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2047 5255 422c wn only to GRUB,\n-00029950: 2062 7574 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 but may be used\n-00029960: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2773 2045 4649 2065 by GRUB's EFI e\n-00029970: 6d75 6c61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 mulation... \n-00029980: 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e Note: The comman\n-00029990: 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 d is not allowed\n-000299a0: 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 when lockdown i\n-000299b0: 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 s enforced (*not\n-000299c0: 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a e. Lockdown:\n-000299d0: 3a29 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2061 :). Otherwise a\n-000299e0: 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 2063 616e 2069 n attacker can i\n-000299f0: 6e73 7472 7563 7420 7468 6520 4752 5542 nstruct the GRUB\n-00029a00: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 616e to load. an\n-00029a10: 2053 5344 5420 7461 626c 6520 746f 206f SSDT table to o\n-00029a20: 7665 7277 7269 7465 2074 6865 206b 6572 verwrite the ker\n-00029a30: 6e65 6c20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2063 6f6e nel lockdown con\n-00029a40: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 0a20 figuration and. \n-00029a50: 2020 2020 6c61 7465 7220 6c6f 6164 2061 later load a\n-00029a60: 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 2075 6e73 6967 nd execute unsig\n-00029a70: 6e65 6420 636f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ned code.....Fil\n-00029a80: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00029a90: 6f64 653a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 ode: authenticat\n-00029aa0: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 636b 6772 e, Next: backgr\n-00029ab0: 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 ound_color, Pre\n-00029ac0: 763a 2061 6370 692c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: acpi, Up: Co\n-00029ad0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n-00029ae0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n-00029af0: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 2061 7574 6865 ds..16.3.3 authe\n-00029b00: 6e74 6963 6174 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nticate.--------\n-00029b10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00029b20: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6175 7468 656e Command: authen\n-00029b30: 7469 6361 7465 205b 7573 6572 6c69 7374 ticate [userlist\n-00029b40: 5d0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 2077 6865 ]. Check whe\n-00029b50: 7468 6572 2075 7365 7220 6973 2069 6e20 ther user is in \n-00029b60: 5553 4552 4c49 5354 206f 7220 6c69 7374 USERLIST or list\n-00029b70: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 ed in the value \n-00029b80: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 of. variable\n-00029b90: 2027 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 272e 2020 'superusers'. \n-00029ba0: 5365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 7375 7065 7275 See *note superu\n-00029bb0: 7365 7273 3a3a 2066 6f72 2076 616c 6964 sers:: for valid\n-00029bc0: 2075 7365 7220 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 user list. \n-00029bd0: 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2049 6620 2773 7570 format. If 'sup\n-00029be0: 6572 7573 6572 7327 2069 7320 656d 7074 erusers' is empt\n-00029bf0: 792c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 y, this command \n-00029c00: 7265 7475 726e 7320 7472 7565 2e0a 2020 returns true.. \n-00029c10: 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 *Note Securit\n-00029c20: 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 y::.....File: gr\n-00029c30: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00029c40: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 background_color\n-00029c50: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6163 6b67 726f , Next: backgro\n-00029c60: 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 5072 6576 und_image, Prev\n-00029c70: 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 2c20 : authenticate, \n-00029c80: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00029c90: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n-00029ca0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n-00029cb0: 3420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 4 background_col\n-00029cc0: 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d or.-------------\n-00029cd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00029ce0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6163 6b67 726f Command: backgro\n-00029cf0: 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 7220 636f 6c6f 720a und_color color.\n-00029d00: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2062 6163 6b67 726f Set backgro\n-00029d10: 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 6163 und color for ac\n-00029d20: 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 tive terminal. \n-00029d30: 466f 7220 7661 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f 720a For valid color.\n-00029d40: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 specificati\n-00029d50: 6f6e 7320 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f ons see *note Co\n-00029d60: 6c6f 7273 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 lors: Theme file\n-00029d70: 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4261 636b 6772 format. Backgr\n-00029d80: 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c6f 7220 ound. color \n-00029d90: 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 206f can be changed o\n-00029da0: 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 2027 nly when using '\n-00029db0: 6766 7874 6572 6d27 2066 6f72 2074 6572 gfxterm' for ter\n-00029dc0: 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a20 minal output... \n-00029dd0: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 This command\n-00029de0: 2073 6574 7320 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 2065 sets color of e\n-00029df0: 6d70 7479 2061 7265 6173 2077 6974 686f mpty areas witho\n-00029e00: 7574 2074 6578 742e 2020 5465 7874 0a20 ut text. Text. \n-00029e10: 2020 2020 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 background c\n-00029e20: 6f6c 6f72 2069 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c olor is controll\n-00029e30: 6564 2062 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ed by environmen\n-00029e40: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 2020 2020 t variables. \n-00029e50: 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c 2043 COLOR_NORMAL, C\n-00029e60: 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 2c20 OLOR_HIGHLIGHT, \n-00029e70: 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 MENU_COLOR_NORMA\n-00029e80: 4c2c 0a20 2020 2020 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c L,. MENU_COL\n-00029e90: 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 2e20 202a OR_HIGHLIGHT. *\n-00029ea0: 4e6f 7465 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Note Special env\n-00029eb0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00029ec0: 6573 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 es::.....File: g\n-00029ed0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00029ee0: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 background_imag\n-00029ef0: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 6472 616d e, Next: badram\n-00029f00: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6163 6b67 726f , Prev: backgro\n-00029f10: 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 und_color, Up: \n-00029f20: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n-00029f30: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n-00029f40: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e35 2062 6163 ands..16.3.5 bac\n-00029f50: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 650a 2d2d kground_image.--\n+000293f0: 2020 2020 2020 2057 7269 7465 2076 616c Write val\n+00029400: 7565 7320 746f 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 ues to model-spe\n+00029410: 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 730a cific registers.\n+00029420: 2a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 * xen_hypervisor\n+00029430: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+00029440: 4c6f 6164 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 Load xen hypervi\n+00029450: 736f 7220 6269 6e61 7279 2028 6f6e 6c79 sor binary (only\n+00029460: 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3429 0a2a 2078 on AArch64).* x\n+00029470: 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 653a 3a20 2020 2020 en_module:: \n+00029480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 Loa\n+00029490: 6420 7865 6e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 666f d xen modules fo\n+000294a0: 7220 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 r xen hypervisor\n+000294b0: 2028 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 (only on AArch6\n+000294c0: 3429 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 4)....File: grub\n+000294d0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5b2c .info, Node: [,\n+000294e0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 2055 Next: acpi, U\n+000294f0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00029500: 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 and menu entry c\n+00029510: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3120 ommands..16.3.1 \n+00029520: 5b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 [.--------.. -- \n+00029530: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 205b 2065 7870 7265 Command: [ expre\n+00029540: 7373 696f 6e20 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 ssion ]. Ali\n+00029550: 6173 2066 6f72 2027 7465 7374 2045 5850 as for 'test EXP\n+00029560: 5245 5353 494f 4e27 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 RESSION' (*note \n+00029570: 7465 7374 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 test::).....File\n+00029580: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00029590: 6465 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: acpi, Next:\n+000295a0: 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 authenticate, \n+000295b0: 5072 6576 3a20 5b2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f Prev: [, Up: Co\n+000295c0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n+000295d0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n+000295e0: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 2061 6370 690a ds..16.3.2 acpi.\n+000295f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00029600: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6163 7069 205b Command: acpi [\n+00029610: 2d31 7c2d 325d 205b 2d2d 6578 636c 7564 -1|-2] [--exclud\n+00029620: 653d 7461 626c 6531 2c2e 2e2e 7c2d 2d6c e=table1,...|--l\n+00029630: 6f61 642d 6f6e 6c79 3d74 6162 6c65 312c oad-only=table1,\n+00029640: 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b ...]. [\n+00029650: 2d2d 6f65 6d69 643d 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d6f --oemid=id] [--o\n+00029660: 656d 7461 626c 653d 7461 626c 655d 205b emtable=table] [\n+00029670: 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 7265 763d 7265 --oemtablerev=re\n+00029680: 765d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d v]. [--\n+00029690: 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 6561 746f 723d oemtablecreator=\n+000296a0: 6372 6561 746f 725d 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 creator] [--oemt\n+000296b0: 6162 6c65 6372 6561 746f 7272 6576 3d72 ablecreatorrev=r\n+000296c0: 6576 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d ev]. [-\n+000296d0: 2d6e 6f2d 6562 6461 5d20 6669 6c65 6e61 -no-ebda] filena\n+000296e0: 6d65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 6465 me .... Mode\n+000296f0: 726e 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 7320 rn BIOS systems \n+00029700: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 normally impleme\n+00029710: 6e74 2074 6865 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 nt the Advanced \n+00029720: 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 Configuration. \n+00029730: 2020 2061 6e64 2050 6f77 6572 2049 6e74 and Power Int\n+00029740: 6572 6661 6365 2028 4143 5049 292c 2061 erface (ACPI), a\n+00029750: 6e64 2064 6566 696e 6520 7661 7269 6f75 nd define variou\n+00029760: 7320 7461 626c 6573 2074 6861 7420 6465 s tables that de\n+00029770: 7363 7269 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 scribe. the \n+00029780: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 interface betwee\n+00029790: 6e20 616e 2041 4350 492d 636f 6d70 6c69 n an ACPI-compli\n+000297a0: 616e 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 ant operating sy\n+000297b0: 7374 656d 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 stem and the. \n+000297c0: 2020 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 firmware. In \n+000297d0: 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 some cases, the \n+000297e0: 7461 626c 6573 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 tables provided \n+000297f0: 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206f 6e6c 7920 by default only \n+00029800: 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7765 6c6c 2077 work. well w\n+00029810: 6974 6820 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 ith certain oper\n+00029820: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 ating systems, a\n+00029830: 6e64 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 206e 6563 nd it may be nec\n+00029840: 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 essary to. r\n+00029850: 6570 6c61 6365 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 eplace some of t\n+00029860: 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 hem... Norma\n+00029870: 6c6c 792c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e lly, this comman\n+00029880: 6420 7769 6c6c 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2074 d will replace t\n+00029890: 6865 2052 6f6f 7420 5379 7374 656d 2044 he Root System D\n+000298a0: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 escription. \n+000298b0: 506f 696e 7465 7220 2852 5344 5029 2069 Pointer (RSDP) i\n+000298c0: 6e20 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e64 6564 2042 n the Extended B\n+000298d0: 494f 5320 4461 7461 2041 7265 6120 746f IOS Data Area to\n+000298e0: 2070 6f69 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 point to the ne\n+000298f0: 770a 2020 2020 2074 6162 6c65 732e 2020 w. tables. \n+00029900: 4966 2074 6865 2027 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 6264 If the '--no-ebd\n+00029910: 6127 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 a' option is use\n+00029920: 642c 2074 6865 206e 6577 2074 6162 6c65 d, the new table\n+00029930: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 206b s will be. k\n+00029940: 6e6f 776e 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2047 5255 nown only to GRU\n+00029950: 422c 2062 7574 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 B, but may be us\n+00029960: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2773 2045 4649 ed by GRUB's EFI\n+00029970: 2065 6d75 6c61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 emulation... \n+00029980: 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d Note: The comm\n+00029990: 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 and is not allow\n+000299a0: 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e ed when lockdown\n+000299b0: 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e is enforced (*n\n+000299c0: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 ote. Lockdow\n+000299d0: 6e3a 3a29 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 n::). Otherwise\n+000299e0: 2061 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 2063 616e an attacker can\n+000299f0: 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7420 7468 6520 4752 instruct the GR\n+00029a00: 5542 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 UB to load. \n+00029a10: 616e 2053 5344 5420 7461 626c 6520 746f an SSDT table to\n+00029a20: 206f 7665 7277 7269 7465 2074 6865 206b overwrite the k\n+00029a30: 6572 6e65 6c20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2063 ernel lockdown c\n+00029a40: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 onfiguration and\n+00029a50: 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7465 7220 6c6f 6164 . later load\n+00029a60: 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 2075 6e73 and execute uns\n+00029a70: 6967 6e65 6420 636f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 igned code.....F\n+00029a80: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00029a90: 204e 6f64 653a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 Node: authentic\n+00029aa0: 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 636b ate, Next: back\n+00029ab0: 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2c20 2050 ground_color, P\n+00029ac0: 7265 763a 2061 6370 692c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: acpi, Up: \n+00029ad0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+00029ae0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+00029af0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 2061 7574 ands..16.3.3 aut\n+00029b00: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d henticate.------\n+00029b10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00029b20: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6175 7468 -- Command: auth\n+00029b30: 656e 7469 6361 7465 205b 7573 6572 6c69 enticate [userli\n+00029b40: 7374 5d0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 2077 st]. Check w\n+00029b50: 6865 7468 6572 2075 7365 7220 6973 2069 hether user is i\n+00029b60: 6e20 5553 4552 4c49 5354 206f 7220 6c69 n USERLIST or li\n+00029b70: 7374 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 sted in the valu\n+00029b80: 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 e of. variab\n+00029b90: 6c65 2027 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 272e le 'superusers'.\n+00029ba0: 2020 5365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 7375 7065 See *note supe\n+00029bb0: 7275 7365 7273 3a3a 2066 6f72 2076 616c rusers:: for val\n+00029bc0: 6964 2075 7365 7220 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 id user list. \n+00029bd0: 2020 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2049 6620 2773 format. If 's\n+00029be0: 7570 6572 7573 6572 7327 2069 7320 656d uperusers' is em\n+00029bf0: 7074 792c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e pty, this comman\n+00029c00: 6420 7265 7475 726e 7320 7472 7565 2e0a d returns true..\n+00029c10: 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 *Note Secur\n+00029c20: 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ity::.....File: \n+00029c30: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00029c40: 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c : background_col\n+00029c50: 6f72 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6163 6b67 or, Next: backg\n+00029c60: 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 5072 round_image, Pr\n+00029c70: 6576 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 ev: authenticate\n+00029c80: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00029c90: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n+00029ca0: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n+00029cb0: 332e 3420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 3.4 background_c\n+00029cc0: 6f6c 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d olor.-----------\n+00029cd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00029ce0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6163 6b67 - Command: backg\n+00029cf0: 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 7220 636f 6c6f round_color colo\n+00029d00: 720a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2062 6163 6b67 r. Set backg\n+00029d10: 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 round color for \n+00029d20: 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e active terminal.\n+00029d30: 2020 466f 7220 7661 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f For valid colo\n+00029d40: 720a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 r. specifica\n+00029d50: 7469 6f6e 7320 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 tions see *note \n+00029d60: 436f 6c6f 7273 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 Colors: Theme fi\n+00029d70: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4261 636b le format. Back\n+00029d80: 6772 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c6f ground. colo\n+00029d90: 7220 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 r can be changed\n+00029da0: 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 only when using\n+00029db0: 2027 6766 7874 6572 6d27 2066 6f72 2074 'gfxterm' for t\n+00029dc0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a erminal output..\n+00029dd0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n+00029de0: 6e64 2073 6574 7320 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 nd sets color of\n+00029df0: 2065 6d70 7479 2061 7265 6173 2077 6974 empty areas wit\n+00029e00: 686f 7574 2074 6578 742e 2020 5465 7874 hout text. Text\n+00029e10: 0a20 2020 2020 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 . background\n+00029e20: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2069 7320 636f 6e74 726f color is contro\n+00029e30: 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d lled by environm\n+00029e40: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 2020 ent variables. \n+00029e50: 2020 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c COLOR_NORMAL,\n+00029e60: 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 COLOR_HIGHLIGHT\n+00029e70: 2c20 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 , MENU_COLOR_NOR\n+00029e80: 4d41 4c2c 0a20 2020 2020 4d45 4e55 5f43 MAL,. MENU_C\n+00029e90: 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 2e20 OLOR_HIGHLIGHT. \n+00029ea0: 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 *Note Special e\n+00029eb0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00029ec0: 626c 6573 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a bles::.....File:\n+00029ed0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00029ee0: 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d e: background_im\n+00029ef0: 6167 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 6472 age, Next: badr\n+00029f00: 616d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6163 6b67 am, Prev: backg\n+00029f10: 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 5570 round_color, Up\n+00029f20: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n+00029f30: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n+00029f40: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e35 2062 mmands..16.3.5 b\n+00029f50: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 650a ackground_image.\n 00029f60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00029f70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00029f80: 6e64 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 nd: background_i\n-00029f90: 6d61 6765 205b 5b2d 2d6d 6f64 6520 7374 mage [[--mode st\n-00029fa0: 7265 7463 687c 6e6f 726d 616c 5d20 6669 retch|normal] fi\n-00029fb0: 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6261 le]. Load ba\n-00029fc0: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 2066 ckground image f\n-00029fd0: 6f72 2061 6374 6976 6520 7465 726d 696e or active termin\n-00029fe0: 616c 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2049 al from FILE. I\n-00029ff0: 6d61 6765 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 7472 mage is. str\n-0002a000: 6574 6368 6564 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c 2075 etched to fill u\n-0002a010: 7020 656e 7469 7265 2073 6372 6565 6e20 p entire screen \n-0002a020: 756e 6c65 7373 206f 7074 696f 6e20 272d unless option '-\n-0002a030: 2d6d 6f64 6527 2027 6e6f 726d 616c 270a -mode' 'normal'.\n-0002a040: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 is given. \n-0002a050: 5769 7468 6f75 7420 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 Without argument\n-0002a060: 7320 7265 6d6f 7665 2063 7572 7265 6e74 s remove current\n-0002a070: 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6261 636b 6772 ly loaded backgr\n-0002a080: 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 652e ound. image.\n-0002a090: 2020 4261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 Background ima\n-0002a0a0: 6765 2063 616e 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 ge can be change\n-0002a0b0: 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 7573 696e d only when usin\n-0002a0c0: 6720 2767 6678 7465 726d 270a 2020 2020 g 'gfxterm'. \n-0002a0d0: 2066 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 for terminal ou\n-0002a0e0: 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tput.....File: g\n-0002a0f0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002a100: 2062 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 badram, Next: \n-0002a110: 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 742c 2020 5072 6576 blocklist, Prev\n-0002a120: 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 : background_ima\n-0002a130: 6765 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ge, Up: Command\n-0002a140: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 -line and menu e\n-0002a150: 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ntry commands..1\n-0002a160: 362e 332e 3620 6261 6472 616d 0a2d 2d2d 6.3.6 badram.---\n-0002a170: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002a180: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6164 7261 6d20 Command: badram \n-0002a190: 6164 6472 2c6d 6173 6b5b 2c61 6464 722c addr,mask[,addr,\n-0002a1a0: 6d61 736b 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4669 mask...]. Fi\n-0002a1b0: 6c74 6572 206f 7574 2062 6164 2052 414d lter out bad RAM\n-0002a1c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d ... This com\n-0002a1d0: 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 7468 mand notifies th\n-0002a1e0: 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 6572 e memory manager\n-0002a1f0: 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 that specified \n-0002a200: 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 regions of. \n-0002a210: 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 6520 RAM ought to be \n-0002a220: 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 2028 7573 filtered out (us\n-0002a230: 7561 6c6c 792c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 ually, because t\n-0002a240: 6865 7927 7265 2064 616d 6167 6564 292e hey're damaged).\n-0002a250: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2072 656d 6169 . This remai\n-0002a260: 6e73 2069 6e20 6566 6665 6374 2061 6674 ns in effect aft\n-0002a270: 6572 2061 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 er a payload ker\n-0002a280: 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 nel has been loa\n-0002a290: 6465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 ded by. GRUB\n-0002a2a0: 2c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 , as long as the\n-0002a2b0: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f loaded kernel o\n-0002a2c0: 6274 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 btains its memor\n-0002a2d0: 7920 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 y map from. \n-0002a2e0: 4752 5542 2e20 4b65 726e 656c 7320 7468 GRUB. Kernels th\n-0002a2f0: 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2074 6869 7320 at support this \n-0002a300: 696e 636c 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 782c 2047 include Linux, G\n-0002a310: 4e55 204d 6163 682c 2074 6865 206b 6572 NU Mach, the ker\n-0002a320: 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 4672 6565 nel. of Free\n-0002a330: 4253 4420 616e 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f BSD and Multiboo\n-0002a340: 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2067 656e t kernels in gen\n-0002a350: 6572 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5379 6e74 eral... Synt\n-0002a360: 6178 2069 7320 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 ax is the same a\n-0002a370: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 s provided by th\n-0002a380: 6520 4d65 6d74 6573 7438 362b 2075 7469 e Memtest86+ uti\n-0002a390: 6c69 7479 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 703a lity. (http:\n-0002a3a0: 2f2f 7777 772e 6d65 6d74 6573 742e 6f72 //www.memtest.or\n-0002a3b0: 672f 293a 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 g/): a list of a\n-0002a3c0: 6464 7265 7373 2f6d 6173 6b20 7061 6972 ddress/mask pair\n-0002a3d0: 732e 2020 4769 7665 6e20 610a 2020 2020 s. Given a. \n-0002a3e0: 2070 6167 652d 616c 6967 6e65 6420 6164 page-aligned ad\n-0002a3f0: 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 6120 6261 7365 dress and a base\n-0002a400: 2061 6464 7265 7373 202f 206d 6173 6b20 address / mask \n-0002a410: 7061 6972 2c20 6966 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 pair, if all the\n-0002a420: 0a20 2020 2020 6269 7473 206f 6620 7468 . bits of th\n-0002a430: 6520 7061 6765 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 2061 e page-aligned a\n-0002a440: 6464 7265 7373 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 ddress that are \n-0002a450: 656e 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2074 6865 206d enabled by the m\n-0002a460: 6173 6b20 6d61 7463 680a 2020 2020 2077 ask match. w\n-0002a470: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6261 7365 2061 6464 ith the base add\n-0002a480: 7265 7373 2c20 6974 206d 6561 6e73 2074 ress, it means t\n-0002a490: 6869 7320 7061 6765 2069 7320 746f 2062 his page is to b\n-0002a4a0: 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 2e20 2054 6869 e filtered. Thi\n-0002a4b0: 730a 2020 2020 2073 796e 7461 7820 6d61 s. syntax ma\n-0002a4c0: 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 7920 746f 2072 kes it easy to r\n-0002a4d0: 6570 7265 7365 6e74 2070 6174 7465 726e epresent pattern\n-0002a4e0: 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 206f 6674 656e s that are often\n-0002a4f0: 2072 6573 756c 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 result of. \n-0002a500: 6d65 6d6f 7279 2064 616d 6167 652c 2064 memory damage, d\n-0002a510: 7565 2074 6f20 7068 7973 6963 616c 2064 ue to physical d\n-0002a520: 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 6f66 206d istribution of m\n-0002a530: 656d 6f72 7920 6365 6c6c 732e 0a0a 2020 emory cells... \n-0002a540: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 The command i\n-0002a550: 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2027 6375 s similar to 'cu\n-0002a560: 746d 656d 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a tmem' command...\n-0002a570: 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2063 Note: The c\n-0002a580: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c ommand is not al\n-0002a590: 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 lowed when lockd\n-0002a5a0: 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 own is enforced \n-0002a5b0: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 636b (*note. Lock\n-0002a5c0: 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2070 down::). This p\n-0002a5d0: 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7265 6d6f 7669 6e67 revents removing\n-0002a5e0: 2045 4649 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 EFI memory regi\n-0002a5f0: 6f6e 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7465 ons to. pote\n-0002a600: 6e74 6961 6c6c 7920 7375 6276 6572 7420 ntially subvert \n-0002a610: 7468 6520 7365 6375 7269 7479 206d 6563 the security mec\n-0002a620: 6861 6e69 736d 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 hanisms provided\n-0002a630: 2062 7920 7468 6520 5545 4649 0a20 2020 by the UEFI. \n-0002a640: 2020 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 742e 0a0a secure boot...\n-0002a650: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002a660: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c o, Node: blockl\n-0002a670: 6973 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 626f 6f74 ist, Next: boot\n-0002a680: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6164 7261 6d2c , Prev: badram,\n-0002a690: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0002a6a0: 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ne and menu entr\n-0002a6b0: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 y commands..16.3\n-0002a6c0: 2e37 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 0a2d 2d2d .7 blocklist.---\n-0002a6d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0002a6e0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 626c 6f63 -- Command: bloc\n-0002a6f0: 6b6c 6973 7420 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 klist file. \n-0002a700: 5072 696e 7420 6120 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 Print a block li\n-0002a710: 7374 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 6b20 st (*note Block \n-0002a720: 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2066 list syntax::) f\n-0002a730: 6f72 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 or FILE.....File\n-0002a740: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002a750: 6465 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: boot, Next:\n-0002a760: 2063 6174 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6c6f cat, Prev: blo\n-0002a770: 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d cklist, Up: Com\n-0002a780: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 mand-line and me\n-0002a790: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nu entry command\n-0002a7a0: 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3820 626f 6f74 0a2d s..16.3.8 boot.-\n-0002a7b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002a7c0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 Command: boot. \n-0002a7d0: 2020 2042 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 4f53 206f Boot the OS o\n-0002a7e0: 7220 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6572 2077 r chain-loader w\n-0002a7f0: 6869 6368 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6c6f hich has been lo\n-0002a800: 6164 6564 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 6e65 6365 aded. Only nece\n-0002a810: 7373 6172 790a 2020 2020 2069 6620 7275 ssary. if ru\n-0002a820: 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 6675 6c6c 7920 nning the fully \n-0002a830: 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 6520 636f 6d6d interactive comm\n-0002a840: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 6974 2069 7320 and-line (it is \n-0002a850: 696d 706c 6963 6974 2061 740a 2020 2020 implicit at. \n-0002a860: 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 6120 6d65 the end of a me\n-0002a870: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 nu entry).....Fi\n-0002a880: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002a890: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6361 742c 2020 4e65 7874 Node: cat, Next\n-0002a8a0: 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 : chainloader, \n-0002a8b0: 5072 6576 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a Prev: boot, Up:\n-0002a8c0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e Command-line an\n-0002a8d0: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d d menu entry com\n-0002a8e0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3920 6361 mands..16.3.9 ca\n-0002a8f0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d t.----------.. -\n-0002a900: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6174 205b - Command: cat [\n-0002a910: 2d2d 646f 735d 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 --dos] file. \n-0002a920: 2044 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2063 6f6e Display the con\n-0002a930: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c tents of the fil\n-0002a940: 6520 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f e FILE. This co\n-0002a950: 6d6d 616e 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 mmand may be use\n-0002a960: 6675 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7265 6d69 ful. to remi\n-0002a970: 6e64 2079 6f75 206f 6620 796f 7572 204f nd you of your O\n-0002a980: 5327 7320 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 S's root partiti\n-0002a990: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 on:.. g\n-0002a9a0: 7275 623e 2063 6174 202f 6574 632f 6673 rub> cat /etc/fs\n-0002a9b0: 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 tab.. If the\n-0002a9c0: 2027 2d2d 646f 7327 206f 7074 696f 6e20 '--dos' option \n-0002a9d0: 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 6e20 6361 is used, then ca\n-0002a9e0: 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 6e20 2f20 rriage return / \n-0002a9f0: 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 7061 new line. pa\n-0002aa00: 6972 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6469 7370 irs will be disp\n-0002aa10: 6c61 7965 6420 6173 2061 2073 696d 706c layed as a simpl\n-0002aa20: 6520 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 204f 7468 e new line. Oth\n-0002aa30: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 erwise, the. \n-0002aa40: 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 7475 726e carriage return\n-0002aa50: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 will be display\n-0002aa60: 6564 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 ed as a control \n-0002aa70: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 2827 3c64 3e27 character (''\n-0002aa80: 2920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2069 ) to. make i\n-0002aa90: 7420 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 7365 6520 t easier to see \n-0002aaa0: 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 6f62 6c65 when boot proble\n-0002aab0: 6d73 2061 7265 2063 6175 7365 6420 6279 ms are caused by\n-0002aac0: 2061 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 a file. for\n-0002aad0: 6d61 7474 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4f53 matted using DOS\n-0002aae0: 2d73 7479 6c65 206c 696e 6520 656e 6469 -style line endi\n-0002aaf0: 6e67 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ngs.....File: gr\n-0002ab00: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002ab10: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 4e65 chainloader, Ne\n-0002ab20: 7874 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 5072 6576 xt: clear, Prev\n-0002ab30: 3a20 6361 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d : cat, Up: Comm\n-0002ab40: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e and-line and men\n-0002ab50: 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 u entry commands\n-0002ab60: 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e31 3020 6368 6169 6e6c ..16.3.10 chainl\n-0002ab70: 6f61 6465 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oader.----------\n-0002ab80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0002ab90: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 ommand: chainloa\n-0002aba0: 6465 7220 5b2d 2d66 6f72 6365 5d20 6669 der [--force] fi\n-0002abb0: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2046 494c le. Load FIL\n-0002abc0: 4520 6173 2061 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 E as a chain-loa\n-0002abd0: 6465 722e 2020 4c69 6b65 2061 6e79 206f der. Like any o\n-0002abe0: 7468 6572 2066 696c 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 ther file loaded\n-0002abf0: 2062 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c by the. fil\n-0002ac00: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 636f 6465 2c20 6974 esystem code, it\n-0002ac10: 2063 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 2062 6c6f can use the blo\n-0002ac20: 636b 6c69 7374 206e 6f74 6174 696f 6e20 cklist notation \n-0002ac30: 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b 0a20 2020 (*note Block. \n-0002ac40: 2020 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 list syntax::)\n-0002ac50: 2074 6f20 6772 6162 2074 6865 2066 6972 to grab the fir\n-0002ac60: 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 st sector of the\n-0002ac70: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2070 6172 7469 7469 current partiti\n-0002ac80: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2027 2b31 on. with '+1\n-0002ac90: 272e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 '. If you speci\n-0002aca0: 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 272d fy the option '-\n-0002acb0: 2d66 6f72 6365 272c 2074 6865 6e20 6c6f -force', then lo\n-0002acc0: 6164 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 ad FILE. for\n-0002acd0: 6369 626c 792c 2077 6865 7468 6572 2069 cibly, whether i\n-0002ace0: 7420 6861 7320 6120 636f 7272 6563 7420 t has a correct \n-0002acf0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6f72 206e 6f74 signature or not\n-0002ad00: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 . This is. \n-0002ad10: 7265 7175 6972 6564 2077 6865 6e20 796f required when yo\n-0002ad20: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 u want to load a\n-0002ad30: 2064 6566 6563 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 defective boot \n-0002ad40: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 loader, such as \n-0002ad50: 5343 4f0a 2020 2020 2055 6e69 7857 6172 SCO. UnixWar\n-0002ad60: 6520 372e 312e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 e 7.1.....File: \n-0002ad70: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002ad80: 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : clear, Next: \n-0002ad90: 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 cmosclean, Prev\n-0002ada0: 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 : chainloader, \n-0002adb0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002adc0: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n-0002add0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e31 commands..16.3.1\n-0002ade0: 3120 636c 6561 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 1 clear.--------\n-0002adf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002ae00: 6e64 3a20 636c 6561 720a 2020 2020 2043 nd: clear. C\n-0002ae10: 6c65 6172 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e lear the screen.\n-0002ae20: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002ae30: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 nfo, Node: cmos\n-0002ae40: 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d clean, Next: cm\n-0002ae50: 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 osdump, Prev: c\n-0002ae60: 6c65 6172 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 lear, Up: Comma\n-0002ae70: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 nd-line and menu\n-0002ae80: 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a entry commands.\n-0002ae90: 0a31 362e 332e 3132 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 .16.3.12 cmoscle\n-0002aea0: 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d an.-------------\n-0002aeb0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002aec0: 643a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2062 7974 d: cmosclean byt\n-0002aed0: 653a 6269 740a 2020 2020 2043 6c65 6172 e:bit. Clear\n-0002aee0: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 7420 696e value of bit in\n-0002aef0: 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 6174 696f CMOS at locatio\n-0002af00: 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 2054 6869 n BYTE:BIT. Thi\n-0002af10: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 s command is. \n-0002af20: 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 available only\n-0002af30: 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 on platforms th\n-0002af40: 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e at support CMOS.\n-0002af50: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002af60: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 nfo, Node: cmos\n-0002af70: 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d6f dump, Next: cmo\n-0002af80: 7374 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d stest, Prev: cm\n-0002af90: 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f osclean, Up: Co\n-0002afa0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n-0002afb0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n-0002afc0: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e31 3320 636d 6f73 ds..16.3.13 cmos\n-0002afd0: 6475 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dump.-----------\n-0002afe0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2044 756d 703a -----.. -- Dump:\n-0002aff0: 2043 4d4f 5320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 0a20 CMOS contents. \n-0002b000: 2020 2020 4475 6d70 2066 756c 6c20 434d Dump full CM\n-0002b010: 4f53 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6173 2068 OS contents as h\n-0002b020: 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2076 616c 7565 exadecimal value\n-0002b030: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s. This command\n-0002b040: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 is. availab\n-0002b050: 6c65 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 le only on platf\n-0002b060: 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 orms that suppor\n-0002b070: 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a t CMOS.....File:\n-0002b080: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002b090: 653a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 4e65 e: cmostest, Ne\n-0002b0a0: 7874 3a20 636d 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 xt: cmp, Prev: \n-0002b0b0: 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 cmosdump, Up: C\n-0002b0c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n-0002b0d0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n-0002b0e0: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3134 2063 6d6f nds..16.3.14 cmo\n-0002b0f0: 7374 6573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d stest.----------\n-0002b100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002b110: 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 7420 6279 and: cmostest by\n-0002b120: 7465 3a62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 te:bit. Test\n-0002b130: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 7420 696e value of bit in\n-0002b140: 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 6174 696f CMOS at locatio\n-0002b150: 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 2045 7869 n BYTE:BIT. Exi\n-0002b160: 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 730a 2020 2020 t status is. \n-0002b170: 207a 6572 6f20 6966 2062 6974 2069 7320 zero if bit is \n-0002b180: 7365 742c 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 6f20 6f74 set, non zero ot\n-0002b190: 6865 7277 6973 652e 2020 5468 6973 2063 herwise. This c\n-0002b1a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 ommand is availa\n-0002b1b0: 626c 650a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e ble. only on\n-0002b1c0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 7420 platforms that \n-0002b1d0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f support CMOS....\n-0002b1e0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002b1f0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 2c20 204e , Node: cmp, N\n-0002b200: 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 652c ext: configfile,\n-0002b210: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 Prev: cmostest\n-0002b220: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002b230: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n-0002b240: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n-0002b250: 332e 3135 2063 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 3.15 cmp.-------\n-0002b260: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002b270: 643a 2063 6d70 2066 696c 6531 2066 696c d: cmp file1 fil\n-0002b280: 6532 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d70 6172 6520 e2. Compare \n-0002b290: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c 4531 2077 the file FILE1 w\n-0002b2a0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c ith the file FIL\n-0002b2b0: 4532 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6579 2064 6966 E2. If they dif\n-0002b2c0: 6665 7220 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7369 7a65 fer in. size\n-0002b2d0: 2c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7369 7a65 , print the size\n-0002b2e0: 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 s like this:.. \n-0002b2f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4469 6666 6572 2069 Differ i\n-0002b300: 6e20 7369 7a65 3a20 3078 3132 3334 205b n size: 0x1234 [\n-0002b310: 666f 6f5d 2c20 3078 3433 3231 205b 6261 foo], 0x4321 [ba\n-0002b320: 725d 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 r].. If the \n-0002b330: 7369 7a65 7320 6172 6520 6571 7561 6c20 sizes are equal \n-0002b340: 6275 7420 7468 6520 6279 7465 7320 6174 but the bytes at\n-0002b350: 2061 6e20 6f66 6673 6574 2064 6966 6665 an offset diffe\n-0002b360: 722c 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 7269 r, then. pri\n-0002b370: 6e74 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 206c 696b nt the bytes lik\n-0002b380: 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e this:.. \n-0002b390: 2020 2044 6966 6665 7220 6174 2074 6865 Differ at the\n-0002b3a0: 206f 6666 7365 7420 3737 373a 2030 7862 offset 777: 0xb\n-0002b3b0: 6520 5b66 6f6f 5d2c 2030 7865 6620 5b62 e [foo], 0xef [b\n-0002b3c0: 6172 5d0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 ar].. If the\n-0002b3d0: 7920 6172 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 6c79 y are completely\n-0002b3e0: 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 6e6f 7468 identical, noth\n-0002b3f0: 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7072 696e ing will be prin\n-0002b400: 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ted.....File: gr\n-0002b410: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002b420: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 configfile, Nex\n-0002b430: 743a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: cpuid, Prev:\n-0002b440: 2063 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 cmp, Up: Comma\n-0002b450: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 nd-line and menu\n-0002b460: 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a entry commands.\n-0002b470: 0a31 362e 332e 3136 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 .16.3.16 configf\n-0002b480: 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ile.------------\n-0002b490: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002b4a0: 616e 643a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 and: configfile \n-0002b4b0: 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2046 file. Load F\n-0002b4c0: 494c 4520 6173 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ILE as a configu\n-0002b4d0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652e 2020 4966 ration file. If\n-0002b4e0: 2046 494c 4520 6465 6669 6e65 7320 616e FILE defines an\n-0002b4f0: 7920 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 y menu. entr\n-0002b500: 6965 732c 2074 6865 6e20 7368 6f77 2061 ies, then show a\n-0002b510: 206d 656e 7520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 menu containing\n-0002b520: 2074 6865 6d20 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c them immediatel\n-0002b530: 792e 2020 416e 790a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 y. Any. env\n-0002b540: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-0002b550: 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 6d61 6465 2062 e changes made b\n-0002b560: 7920 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 y the commands i\n-0002b570: 6e20 4649 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 740a n FILE will not.\n-0002b580: 2020 2020 2062 6520 7072 6573 6572 7665 be preserve\n-0002b590: 6420 6166 7465 7220 2763 6f6e 6669 6766 d after 'configf\n-0002b5a0: 696c 6527 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2e0a 0a1f ile' returns....\n-0002b5b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002b5c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 , Node: cpuid, \n-0002b5d0: 204e 6578 743a 2063 7263 2c20 2050 7265 Next: crc, Pre\n-0002b5e0: 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 652c 2020 v: configfile, \n-0002b5f0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002b600: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n-0002b610: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e31 commands..16.3.1\n-0002b620: 3720 6370 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 7 cpuid.--------\n-0002b630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002b640: 6e64 3a20 6370 7569 6420 5b2d 6c5d 205b nd: cpuid [-l] [\n-0002b650: 2d70 5d0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 2066 -p]. Check f\n-0002b660: 6f72 2043 5055 2066 6561 7475 7265 732e or CPU features.\n-0002b670: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 This command i\n-0002b680: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n-0002b690: 206f 6e20 7838 360a 2020 2020 2073 7973 on x86. sys\n-0002b6a0: 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 tems... With\n-0002b6b0: 2074 6865 2027 2d6c 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e the '-l' option\n-0002b6c0: 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 , return true if\n-0002b6d0: 2074 6865 2043 5055 2073 7570 706f 7274 the CPU support\n-0002b6e0: 7320 6c6f 6e67 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 s long mode. \n-0002b6f0: 2028 3634 2d62 6974 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 (64-bit)... \n-0002b700: 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 272d 7027 206f With the '-p' o\n-0002b710: 7074 696f 6e2c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7472 ption, return tr\n-0002b720: 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 4350 5520 7375 ue if the CPU su\n-0002b730: 7070 6f72 7473 2050 6879 7369 6361 6c0a pports Physical.\n-0002b740: 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 2045 7874 Address Ext\n-0002b750: 656e 7369 6f6e 2028 5041 4529 2e0a 0a20 ension (PAE)... \n-0002b760: 2020 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 If invoked w\n-0002b770: 6974 686f 7574 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 ithout options, \n-0002b780: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 7572 this command cur\n-0002b790: 7265 6e74 6c79 2062 6568 6176 6573 2061 rently behaves a\n-0002b7a0: 7320 6966 2069 740a 2020 2020 2068 6164 s if it. had\n-0002b7b0: 2062 6565 6e20 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 been invoked wi\n-0002b7c0: 7468 2027 2d6c 272e 2020 5468 6973 206d th '-l'. This m\n-0002b7d0: 6179 2063 6861 6e67 6520 696e 2074 6865 ay change in the\n-0002b7e0: 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 future.....File\n-0002b7f0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002b800: 6465 3a20 6372 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 de: crc, Next: \n-0002b810: 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 cryptomount, Pr\n-0002b820: 6576 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: cpuid, Up: \n-0002b830: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n-0002b840: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n-0002b850: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e31 3820 6372 ands..16.3.18 cr\n-0002b860: 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 c.-----------.. \n-0002b870: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6372 6320 -- Command: crc \n-0002b880: 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 arg .... Ali\n-0002b890: 6173 2066 6f72 2027 6861 7368 7375 6d20 as for 'hashsum \n-0002b8a0: 2d2d 6861 7368 2063 7263 3332 2061 7267 --hash crc32 arg\n-0002b8b0: 202e 2e2e 272e 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d ...'. See comm\n-0002b8c0: 616e 6420 2768 6173 6873 756d 270a 2020 and 'hashsum'. \n-0002b8d0: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 7368 7375 (*note hashsu\n-0002b8e0: 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 6465 m::) for full de\n-0002b8f0: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 scription.....Fi\n-0002b900: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002b910: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e Node: cryptomoun\n-0002b920: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6375 746d 656d t, Next: cutmem\n-0002b930: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7263 2c20 2055 , Prev: crc, U\n-0002b940: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-0002b950: 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 and menu entry c\n-0002b960: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3139 ommands..16.3.19\n-0002b970: 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 0a2d 2d2d cryptomount.---\n+00029f70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00029f80: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 mand: background\n+00029f90: 5f69 6d61 6765 205b 5b2d 2d6d 6f64 6520 _image [[--mode \n+00029fa0: 7374 7265 7463 687c 6e6f 726d 616c 5d20 stretch|normal] \n+00029fb0: 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 file]. Load \n+00029fc0: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 background image\n+00029fd0: 2066 6f72 2061 6374 6976 6520 7465 726d for active term\n+00029fe0: 696e 616c 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 inal from FILE. \n+00029ff0: 2049 6d61 6765 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 Image is. s\n+0002a000: 7472 6574 6368 6564 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c tretched to fill\n+0002a010: 2075 7020 656e 7469 7265 2073 6372 6565 up entire scree\n+0002a020: 6e20 756e 6c65 7373 206f 7074 696f 6e20 n unless option \n+0002a030: 272d 2d6d 6f64 6527 2027 6e6f 726d 616c '--mode' 'normal\n+0002a040: 270a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2e '. is given.\n+0002a050: 2020 5769 7468 6f75 7420 6172 6775 6d65 Without argume\n+0002a060: 6e74 7320 7265 6d6f 7665 2063 7572 7265 nts remove curre\n+0002a070: 6e74 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6261 636b ntly loaded back\n+0002a080: 6772 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 ground. imag\n+0002a090: 652e 2020 4261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 e. Background i\n+0002a0a0: 6d61 6765 2063 616e 2062 6520 6368 616e mage can be chan\n+0002a0b0: 6765 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 7573 ged only when us\n+0002a0c0: 696e 6720 2767 6678 7465 726d 270a 2020 ing 'gfxterm'. \n+0002a0d0: 2020 2066 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 for terminal \n+0002a0e0: 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a output.....File:\n+0002a0f0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002a100: 653a 2062 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 e: badram, Next\n+0002a110: 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 742c 2020 5072 : blocklist, Pr\n+0002a120: 6576 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 ev: background_i\n+0002a130: 6d61 6765 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 mage, Up: Comma\n+0002a140: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 nd-line and menu\n+0002a150: 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a entry commands.\n+0002a160: 0a31 362e 332e 3620 6261 6472 616d 0a2d .16.3.6 badram.-\n+0002a170: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002a180: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6164 7261 - Command: badra\n+0002a190: 6d20 6164 6472 2c6d 6173 6b5b 2c61 6464 m addr,mask[,add\n+0002a1a0: 722c 6d61 736b 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 r,mask...]. \n+0002a1b0: 4669 6c74 6572 206f 7574 2062 6164 2052 Filter out bad R\n+0002a1c0: 414d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 AM... This c\n+0002a1d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 ommand notifies \n+0002a1e0: 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 the memory manag\n+0002a1f0: 6572 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 er that specifie\n+0002a200: 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 d regions of. \n+0002a210: 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 RAM ought to b\n+0002a220: 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 2028 e filtered out (\n+0002a230: 7573 7561 6c6c 792c 2062 6563 6175 7365 usually, because\n+0002a240: 2074 6865 7927 7265 2064 616d 6167 6564 they're damaged\n+0002a250: 292e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2072 656d ).. This rem\n+0002a260: 6169 6e73 2069 6e20 6566 6665 6374 2061 ains in effect a\n+0002a270: 6674 6572 2061 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b fter a payload k\n+0002a280: 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c ernel has been l\n+0002a290: 6f61 6465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 4752 oaded by. GR\n+0002a2a0: 5542 2c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 UB, as long as t\n+0002a2b0: 6865 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6b65 726e 656c he loaded kernel\n+0002a2c0: 206f 6274 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d obtains its mem\n+0002a2d0: 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 ory map from. \n+0002a2e0: 2020 4752 5542 2e20 4b65 726e 656c 7320 GRUB. Kernels \n+0002a2f0: 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2074 6869 that support thi\n+0002a300: 7320 696e 636c 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 782c s include Linux,\n+0002a310: 2047 4e55 204d 6163 682c 2074 6865 206b GNU Mach, the k\n+0002a320: 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 4672 ernel. of Fr\n+0002a330: 6565 4253 4420 616e 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 eeBSD and Multib\n+0002a340: 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2067 oot kernels in g\n+0002a350: 656e 6572 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5379 eneral... Sy\n+0002a360: 6e74 6178 2069 7320 7468 6520 7361 6d65 ntax is the same\n+0002a370: 2061 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 as provided by \n+0002a380: 7468 6520 4d65 6d74 6573 7438 362b 2075 the Memtest86+ u\n+0002a390: 7469 6c69 7479 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 tility. (htt\n+0002a3a0: 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 6d65 6d74 6573 742e p://www.memtest.\n+0002a3b0: 6f72 672f 293a 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 org/): a list of\n+0002a3c0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2f6d 6173 6b20 7061 address/mask pa\n+0002a3d0: 6972 732e 2020 4769 7665 6e20 610a 2020 irs. Given a. \n+0002a3e0: 2020 2070 6167 652d 616c 6967 6e65 6420 page-aligned \n+0002a3f0: 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 6120 6261 address and a ba\n+0002a400: 7365 2061 6464 7265 7373 202f 206d 6173 se address / mas\n+0002a410: 6b20 7061 6972 2c20 6966 2061 6c6c 2074 k pair, if all t\n+0002a420: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6269 7473 206f 6620 he. bits of \n+0002a430: 7468 6520 7061 6765 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 the page-aligned\n+0002a440: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2074 6861 7420 6172 address that ar\n+0002a450: 6520 656e 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2074 6865 e enabled by the\n+0002a460: 206d 6173 6b20 6d61 7463 680a 2020 2020 mask match. \n+0002a470: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6261 7365 2061 with the base a\n+0002a480: 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 206d 6561 6e73 ddress, it means\n+0002a490: 2074 6869 7320 7061 6765 2069 7320 746f this page is to\n+0002a4a0: 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 2e20 2054 be filtered. T\n+0002a4b0: 6869 730a 2020 2020 2073 796e 7461 7820 his. syntax \n+0002a4c0: 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 6173 7920 746f makes it easy to\n+0002a4d0: 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 2070 6174 7465 represent patte\n+0002a4e0: 726e 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 206f 6674 rns that are oft\n+0002a4f0: 656e 2072 6573 756c 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 en result of. \n+0002a500: 2020 6d65 6d6f 7279 2064 616d 6167 652c memory damage,\n+0002a510: 2064 7565 2074 6f20 7068 7973 6963 616c due to physical\n+0002a520: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 6f66 distribution of\n+0002a530: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6365 6c6c 732e 0a0a memory cells...\n+0002a540: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 The command\n+0002a550: 2069 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2027 is similar to '\n+0002a560: 6375 746d 656d 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 642e cutmem' command.\n+0002a570: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 .. Note: The\n+0002a580: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 command is not \n+0002a590: 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 allowed when loc\n+0002a5a0: 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 kdown is enforce\n+0002a5b0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f d (*note. Lo\n+0002a5c0: 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 ckdown::). This\n+0002a5d0: 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7265 6d6f 7669 prevents removi\n+0002a5e0: 6e67 2045 4649 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 ng EFI memory re\n+0002a5f0: 6769 6f6e 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 706f gions to. po\n+0002a600: 7465 6e74 6961 6c6c 7920 7375 6276 6572 tentially subver\n+0002a610: 7420 7468 6520 7365 6375 7269 7479 206d t the security m\n+0002a620: 6563 6861 6e69 736d 7320 7072 6f76 6964 echanisms provid\n+0002a630: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 5545 4649 0a20 ed by the UEFI. \n+0002a640: 2020 2020 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 742e secure boot.\n+0002a650: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002a660: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 6f63 nfo, Node: bloc\n+0002a670: 6b6c 6973 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 626f klist, Next: bo\n+0002a680: 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6164 7261 ot, Prev: badra\n+0002a690: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d m, Up: Command-\n+0002a6a0: 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e line and menu en\n+0002a6b0: 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 try commands..16\n+0002a6c0: 2e33 2e37 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 0a2d .3.7 blocklist.-\n+0002a6d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0002a6e0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 626c . -- Command: bl\n+0002a6f0: 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 ocklist file. \n+0002a700: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 626c 6f63 6b20 Print a block \n+0002a710: 6c69 7374 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 list (*note Bloc\n+0002a720: 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 k list syntax::)\n+0002a730: 2066 6f72 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 for FILE.....Fi\n+0002a740: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002a750: 4e6f 6465 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 Node: boot, Nex\n+0002a760: 743a 2063 6174 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 t: cat, Prev: b\n+0002a770: 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 locklist, Up: C\n+0002a780: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n+0002a790: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n+0002a7a0: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3820 626f 6f74 nds..16.3.8 boot\n+0002a7b0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d .-----------.. -\n+0002a7c0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6f6f 740a - Command: boot.\n+0002a7d0: 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 4f53 Boot the OS\n+0002a7e0: 206f 7220 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6572 or chain-loader\n+0002a7f0: 2077 6869 6368 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 which has been \n+0002a800: 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 6e65 loaded. Only ne\n+0002a810: 6365 7373 6172 790a 2020 2020 2069 6620 cessary. if \n+0002a820: 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 6675 6c6c running the full\n+0002a830: 7920 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 6520 636f y interactive co\n+0002a840: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 6974 2069 mmand-line (it i\n+0002a850: 7320 696d 706c 6963 6974 2061 740a 2020 s implicit at. \n+0002a860: 2020 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 6120 the end of a \n+0002a870: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 292e 0a0a 1f0a menu entry).....\n+0002a880: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002a890: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6361 742c 2020 4e65 Node: cat, Ne\n+0002a8a0: 7874 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c xt: chainloader,\n+0002a8b0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 2055 Prev: boot, U\n+0002a8c0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0002a8d0: 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 and menu entry c\n+0002a8e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3920 ommands..16.3.9 \n+0002a8f0: 6361 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a cat.----------..\n+0002a900: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6174 -- Command: cat\n+0002a910: 205b 2d2d 646f 735d 2066 696c 650a 2020 [--dos] file. \n+0002a920: 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2063 Display the c\n+0002a930: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2066 ontents of the f\n+0002a940: 696c 6520 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ile FILE. This \n+0002a950: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 command may be u\n+0002a960: 7365 6675 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7265 seful. to re\n+0002a970: 6d69 6e64 2079 6f75 206f 6620 796f 7572 mind you of your\n+0002a980: 204f 5327 7320 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 OS's root parti\n+0002a990: 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tion:.. \n+0002a9a0: 2067 7275 623e 2063 6174 202f 6574 632f grub> cat /etc/\n+0002a9b0: 6673 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 fstab.. If t\n+0002a9c0: 6865 2027 2d2d 646f 7327 206f 7074 696f he '--dos' optio\n+0002a9d0: 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 6e20 n is used, then \n+0002a9e0: 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 6e20 carriage return \n+0002a9f0: 2f20 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 / new line. \n+0002aa00: 7061 6972 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6469 pairs will be di\n+0002aa10: 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6173 2061 2073 696d splayed as a sim\n+0002aa20: 706c 6520 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 204f ple new line. O\n+0002aa30: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 650a 2020 therwise, the. \n+0002aa40: 2020 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 7475 carriage retu\n+0002aa50: 726e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c rn will be displ\n+0002aa60: 6179 6564 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e74 726f ayed as a contro\n+0002aa70: 6c20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 2827 3c64 l character ('') to. make\n+0002aa90: 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 7365 it easier to se\n+0002aaa0: 6520 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 6f62 e when boot prob\n+0002aab0: 6c65 6d73 2061 7265 2063 6175 7365 6420 lems are caused \n+0002aac0: 6279 2061 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2066 by a file. f\n+0002aad0: 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2044 ormatted using D\n+0002aae0: 4f53 2d73 7479 6c65 206c 696e 6520 656e OS-style line en\n+0002aaf0: 6469 6e67 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 dings.....File: \n+0002ab00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002ab10: 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 : chainloader, \n+0002ab20: 4e65 7874 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 5072 Next: clear, Pr\n+0002ab30: 6576 3a20 6361 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ev: cat, Up: Co\n+0002ab40: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n+0002ab50: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n+0002ab60: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e31 3020 6368 6169 ds..16.3.10 chai\n+0002ab70: 6e6c 6f61 6465 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nloader.--------\n+0002ab80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0002ab90: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c Command: chainl\n+0002aba0: 6f61 6465 7220 5b2d 2d66 6f72 6365 5d20 oader [--force] \n+0002abb0: 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2046 file. Load F\n+0002abc0: 494c 4520 6173 2061 2063 6861 696e 2d6c ILE as a chain-l\n+0002abd0: 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4c69 6b65 2061 6e79 oader. Like any\n+0002abe0: 206f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6520 6c6f 6164 other file load\n+0002abf0: 6564 2062 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 ed by the. f\n+0002ac00: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 636f 6465 2c20 ilesystem code, \n+0002ac10: 6974 2063 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 2062 it can use the b\n+0002ac20: 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 206e 6f74 6174 696f locklist notatio\n+0002ac30: 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b 0a20 n (*note Block. \n+0002ac40: 2020 2020 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a list syntax:\n+0002ac50: 3a29 2074 6f20 6772 6162 2074 6865 2066 :) to grab the f\n+0002ac60: 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 irst sector of t\n+0002ac70: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2070 6172 7469 he current parti\n+0002ac80: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2027 tion. with '\n+0002ac90: 2b31 272e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 +1'. If you spe\n+0002aca0: 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 cify the option \n+0002acb0: 272d 2d66 6f72 6365 272c 2074 6865 6e20 '--force', then \n+0002acc0: 6c6f 6164 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 2066 load FILE. f\n+0002acd0: 6f72 6369 626c 792c 2077 6865 7468 6572 orcibly, whether\n+0002ace0: 2069 7420 6861 7320 6120 636f 7272 6563 it has a correc\n+0002acf0: 7420 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6f72 206e t signature or n\n+0002ad00: 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a20 2020 ot. This is. \n+0002ad10: 2020 7265 7175 6972 6564 2077 6865 6e20 required when \n+0002ad20: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 you want to load\n+0002ad30: 2061 2064 6566 6563 7469 7665 2062 6f6f a defective boo\n+0002ad40: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 7375 6368 2061 t loader, such a\n+0002ad50: 7320 5343 4f0a 2020 2020 2055 6e69 7857 s SCO. UnixW\n+0002ad60: 6172 6520 372e 312e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 are 7.1.....File\n+0002ad70: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002ad80: 6465 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 4e65 7874 de: clear, Next\n+0002ad90: 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5072 : cmosclean, Pr\n+0002ada0: 6576 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c ev: chainloader,\n+0002adb0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002adc0: 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ne and menu entr\n+0002add0: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 y commands..16.3\n+0002ade0: 2e31 3120 636c 6561 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .11 clear.------\n+0002adf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002ae00: 6d61 6e64 3a20 636c 6561 720a 2020 2020 mand: clear. \n+0002ae10: 2043 6c65 6172 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 Clear the scree\n+0002ae20: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n+0002ae30: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d .info, Node: cm\n+0002ae40: 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 osclean, Next: \n+0002ae50: 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 763a cmosdump, Prev:\n+0002ae60: 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d clear, Up: Com\n+0002ae70: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 mand-line and me\n+0002ae80: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nu entry command\n+0002ae90: 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3132 2063 6d6f 7363 s..16.3.12 cmosc\n+0002aea0: 6c65 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lean.-----------\n+0002aeb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002aec0: 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2062 and: cmosclean b\n+0002aed0: 7974 653a 6269 740a 2020 2020 2043 6c65 yte:bit. Cle\n+0002aee0: 6172 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 7420 ar value of bit \n+0002aef0: 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 6174 in CMOS at locat\n+0002af00: 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 2054 ion BYTE:BIT. T\n+0002af10: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a20 his command is. \n+0002af20: 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e available on\n+0002af30: 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 ly on platforms \n+0002af40: 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f that support CMO\n+0002af50: 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 S.....File: grub\n+0002af60: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d .info, Node: cm\n+0002af70: 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 osdump, Next: c\n+0002af80: 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 mostest, Prev: \n+0002af90: 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 cmosclean, Up: \n+0002afa0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+0002afb0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+0002afc0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e31 3320 636d ands..16.3.13 cm\n+0002afd0: 6f73 6475 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d osdump.---------\n+0002afe0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2044 756d -------.. -- Dum\n+0002aff0: 703a 2043 4d4f 5320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 p: CMOS contents\n+0002b000: 0a20 2020 2020 4475 6d70 2066 756c 6c20 . Dump full \n+0002b010: 434d 4f53 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6173 CMOS contents as\n+0002b020: 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2076 616c hexadecimal val\n+0002b030: 7565 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 ues. This comma\n+0002b040: 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c nd is. avail\n+0002b050: 6162 6c65 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 able only on pla\n+0002b060: 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 tforms that supp\n+0002b070: 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ort CMOS.....Fil\n+0002b080: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002b090: 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 ode: cmostest, \n+0002b0a0: 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 702c 2020 5072 6576 Next: cmp, Prev\n+0002b0b0: 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 2055 703a : cmosdump, Up:\n+0002b0c0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e Command-line an\n+0002b0d0: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d d menu entry com\n+0002b0e0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3134 2063 mands..16.3.14 c\n+0002b0f0: 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mostest.--------\n+0002b100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002b110: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 7420 mmand: cmostest \n+0002b120: 6279 7465 3a62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 5465 byte:bit. Te\n+0002b130: 7374 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 7420 st value of bit \n+0002b140: 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 6174 in CMOS at locat\n+0002b150: 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 2045 ion BYTE:BIT. E\n+0002b160: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 730a 2020 xit status is. \n+0002b170: 2020 207a 6572 6f20 6966 2062 6974 2069 zero if bit i\n+0002b180: 7320 7365 742c 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 6f20 s set, non zero \n+0002b190: 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652e 2020 5468 6973 otherwise. This\n+0002b1a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6176 6169 command is avai\n+0002b1b0: 6c61 626c 650a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 lable. only \n+0002b1c0: 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 on platforms tha\n+0002b1d0: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a t support CMOS..\n+0002b1e0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002b1f0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 2c20 fo, Node: cmp, \n+0002b200: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c Next: configfil\n+0002b210: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 e, Prev: cmoste\n+0002b220: 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 st, Up: Command\n+0002b230: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 -line and menu e\n+0002b240: 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ntry commands..1\n+0002b250: 362e 332e 3135 2063 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 6.3.15 cmp.-----\n+0002b260: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002b270: 616e 643a 2063 6d70 2066 696c 6531 2066 and: cmp file1 f\n+0002b280: 696c 6532 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d70 6172 ile2. Compar\n+0002b290: 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c 4531 e the file FILE1\n+0002b2a0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 with the file F\n+0002b2b0: 494c 4532 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6579 2064 ILE2. If they d\n+0002b2c0: 6966 6665 7220 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7369 iffer in. si\n+0002b2d0: 7a65 2c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7369 ze, print the si\n+0002b2e0: 7a65 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a zes like this:..\n+0002b2f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4469 6666 6572 Differ\n+0002b300: 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 3a20 3078 3132 3334 in size: 0x1234\n+0002b310: 205b 666f 6f5d 2c20 3078 3433 3231 205b [foo], 0x4321 [\n+0002b320: 6261 725d 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 bar].. If th\n+0002b330: 6520 7369 7a65 7320 6172 6520 6571 7561 e sizes are equa\n+0002b340: 6c20 6275 7420 7468 6520 6279 7465 7320 l but the bytes \n+0002b350: 6174 2061 6e20 6f66 6673 6574 2064 6966 at an offset dif\n+0002b360: 6665 722c 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 fer, then. p\n+0002b370: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 206c rint the bytes l\n+0002b380: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike this:.. \n+0002b390: 2020 2020 2044 6966 6665 7220 6174 2074 Differ at t\n+0002b3a0: 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 3737 373a 2030 he offset 777: 0\n+0002b3b0: 7862 6520 5b66 6f6f 5d2c 2030 7865 6620 xbe [foo], 0xef \n+0002b3c0: 5b62 6172 5d0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 [bar].. If t\n+0002b3d0: 6865 7920 6172 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 hey are complete\n+0002b3e0: 6c79 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 6e6f ly identical, no\n+0002b3f0: 7468 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7072 thing will be pr\n+0002b400: 696e 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 inted.....File: \n+0002b410: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002b420: 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 204e : configfile, N\n+0002b430: 6578 743a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 2050 7265 ext: cpuid, Pre\n+0002b440: 763a 2063 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d v: cmp, Up: Com\n+0002b450: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 mand-line and me\n+0002b460: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nu entry command\n+0002b470: 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3136 2063 6f6e 6669 s..16.3.16 confi\n+0002b480: 6766 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d gfile.----------\n+0002b490: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002b4a0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c mmand: configfil\n+0002b4b0: 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 e file. Load\n+0002b4c0: 2046 494c 4520 6173 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 FILE as a confi\n+0002b4d0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652e 2020 guration file. \n+0002b4e0: 4966 2046 494c 4520 6465 6669 6e65 7320 If FILE defines \n+0002b4f0: 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 656e any menu. en\n+0002b500: 7472 6965 732c 2074 6865 6e20 7368 6f77 tries, then show\n+0002b510: 2061 206d 656e 7520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 a menu containi\n+0002b520: 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 696d 6d65 6469 6174 ng them immediat\n+0002b530: 656c 792e 2020 416e 790a 2020 2020 2065 ely. Any. e\n+0002b540: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+0002b550: 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 6d61 6465 ble changes made\n+0002b560: 2062 7920 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 by the commands\n+0002b570: 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f in FILE will no\n+0002b580: 740a 2020 2020 2062 6520 7072 6573 6572 t. be preser\n+0002b590: 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 2763 6f6e 6669 ved after 'confi\n+0002b5a0: 6766 696c 6527 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2e0a gfile' returns..\n+0002b5b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002b5c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7075 6964 fo, Node: cpuid\n+0002b5d0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 7263 2c20 2050 , Next: crc, P\n+0002b5e0: 7265 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 652c rev: configfile,\n+0002b5f0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002b600: 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ne and menu entr\n+0002b610: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 y commands..16.3\n+0002b620: 2e31 3720 6370 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .17 cpuid.------\n+0002b630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002b640: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6370 7569 6420 5b2d 6c5d mand: cpuid [-l]\n+0002b650: 205b 2d70 5d0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b [-p]. Check\n+0002b660: 2066 6f72 2043 5055 2066 6561 7475 7265 for CPU feature\n+0002b670: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s. This command\n+0002b680: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 is only availab\n+0002b690: 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 360a 2020 2020 2073 le on x86. s\n+0002b6a0: 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 ystems... Wi\n+0002b6b0: 7468 2074 6865 2027 2d6c 2720 6f70 7469 th the '-l' opti\n+0002b6c0: 6f6e 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 on, return true \n+0002b6d0: 6966 2074 6865 2043 5055 2073 7570 706f if the CPU suppo\n+0002b6e0: 7274 7320 6c6f 6e67 206d 6f64 650a 2020 rts long mode. \n+0002b6f0: 2020 2028 3634 2d62 6974 292e 0a0a 2020 (64-bit)... \n+0002b700: 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 272d 7027 With the '-p'\n+0002b710: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 option, return \n+0002b720: 7472 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 4350 5520 true if the CPU \n+0002b730: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2050 6879 7369 6361 supports Physica\n+0002b740: 6c0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 2045 l. Address E\n+0002b750: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2028 5041 4529 2e0a xtension (PAE)..\n+0002b760: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 . If invoked\n+0002b770: 2077 6974 686f 7574 206f 7074 696f 6e73 without options\n+0002b780: 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 , this command c\n+0002b790: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2062 6568 6176 6573 urrently behaves\n+0002b7a0: 2061 7320 6966 2069 740a 2020 2020 2068 as if it. h\n+0002b7b0: 6164 2062 6565 6e20 696e 766f 6b65 6420 ad been invoked \n+0002b7c0: 7769 7468 2027 2d6c 272e 2020 5468 6973 with '-l'. This\n+0002b7d0: 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 6520 696e 2074 may change in t\n+0002b7e0: 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 he future.....Fi\n+0002b7f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002b800: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 632c 2020 4e65 7874 Node: crc, Next\n+0002b810: 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 : cryptomount, \n+0002b820: 5072 6576 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 5570 Prev: cpuid, Up\n+0002b830: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n+0002b840: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n+0002b850: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e31 3820 mmands..16.3.18 \n+0002b860: 6372 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a crc.-----------.\n+0002b870: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6372 . -- Command: cr\n+0002b880: 6320 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 c arg .... A\n+0002b890: 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 2027 6861 7368 7375 lias for 'hashsu\n+0002b8a0: 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2063 7263 3332 2061 m --hash crc32 a\n+0002b8b0: 7267 202e 2e2e 272e 2020 5365 6520 636f rg ...'. See co\n+0002b8c0: 6d6d 616e 6420 2768 6173 6873 756d 270a mmand 'hashsum'.\n+0002b8d0: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 7368 (*note hash\n+0002b8e0: 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 sum::) for full \n+0002b8f0: 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a description.....\n+0002b900: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002b910: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f Node: cryptomo\n+0002b920: 756e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6375 746d unt, Next: cutm\n+0002b930: 656d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7263 2c20 em, Prev: crc, \n+0002b940: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0002b950: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n+0002b960: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n+0002b970: 3139 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 0a2d 19 cryptomount.-\n 0002b980: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002b990: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 .. -- Command: c\n-0002b9a0: 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2064 6576 6963 ryptomount devic\n-0002b9b0: 657c 2d75 2075 7569 647c 2d61 7c2d 620a e|-u uuid|-a|-b.\n-0002b9c0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 6363 6573 Setup acces\n-0002b9d0: 7320 746f 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 s to encrypted d\n-0002b9e0: 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 206e 6563 6573 evice. If neces\n-0002b9f0: 7361 7279 2c20 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 sary, passphrase\n-0002ba00: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2072 6571 7565 7374 is. request\n-0002ba10: 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 6c79 ed interactively\n-0002ba20: 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e20 4445 5649 4345 . Option DEVICE\n-0002ba30: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 7370 6563 configures spec\n-0002ba40: 6966 6963 2067 7275 620a 2020 2020 2064 ific grub. d\n-0002ba50: 6576 6963 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e 616d evice (*note Nam\n-0002ba60: 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a ing convention::\n-0002ba70: 293b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 272d 7527 2055 ); option '-u' U\n-0002ba80: 5549 4420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 0a20 UID configures. \n-0002ba90: 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 2077 6974 6820 device with \n-0002baa0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 5555 4944 3b20 specified UUID; \n-0002bab0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2027 2d61 2720 636f 6e66 option '-a' conf\n-0002bac0: 6967 7572 6573 2061 6c6c 2064 6574 6563 igures all detec\n-0002bad0: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 ted. encrypt\n-0002bae0: 6564 2064 6576 6963 6573 3b20 6f70 7469 ed devices; opti\n-0002baf0: 6f6e 2027 2d62 2720 636f 6e66 6967 7572 on '-b' configur\n-0002bb00: 6573 2061 6c6c 2067 656c 6920 636f 6e74 es all geli cont\n-0002bb10: 6169 6e65 7273 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 ainers that. \n-0002bb20: 2068 6176 6520 626f 6f74 2066 6c61 6720 have boot flag \n-0002bb30: 7365 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 set... GRUB \n-0002bb40: 7375 706f 7274 7320 6465 7669 6365 7320 suports devices \n-0002bb50: 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 encrypted using \n-0002bb60: 4c55 4b53 2c20 4c55 4b53 3220 616e 6420 LUKS, LUKS2 and \n-0002bb70: 6765 6c69 2e20 204e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 geli. Note. \n-0002bb80: 2074 6861 7420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 that necessary \n-0002bb90: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 284c 554b 532c 204c modules (LUKS, L\n-0002bba0: 554b 5332 2061 6e64 2047 454c 4929 2068 UKS2 and GELI) h\n-0002bbb0: 6176 6520 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 ave to be loaded\n-0002bbc0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2062 . manually b\n-0002bbd0: 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 efore this comma\n-0002bbe0: 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2e20 nd can be used. \n-0002bbf0: 2046 6f72 204c 554b 5332 206f 6e6c 7920 For LUKS2 only \n-0002bc00: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2050 424b 4446 3220 the. PBKDF2 \n-0002bc10: 6b65 7920 6465 7269 7661 7469 6f6e 2066 key derivation f\n-0002bc20: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2073 7570 706f unction is suppo\n-0002bc30: 7274 6564 2c20 6173 2041 7267 6f6e 3220 rted, as Argon2 \n-0002bc40: 6973 206e 6f74 2079 6574 0a20 2020 2020 is not yet. \n-0002bc50: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 supported... \n-0002bc60: 2041 6c73 6f2c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 Also, note that\n-0002bc70: 2c20 756e 6c69 6b65 2066 696c 6573 7973 , unlike filesys\n-0002bc80: 7465 6d20 5555 4944 732c 2055 5549 4473 tem UUIDs, UUIDs\n-0002bc90: 2066 6f72 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 0a20 for encrypted. \n-0002bca0: 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 7320 6d75 7374 devices must\n-0002bcb0: 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 be specified wi\n-0002bcc0: 7468 6f75 7420 6461 7368 2073 6570 6172 thout dash separ\n-0002bcd0: 6174 6f72 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ators.....File: \n-0002bce0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002bcf0: 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2c20 204e 6578 743a : cutmem, Next:\n-0002bd00: 2064 6174 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6372 date, Prev: cr\n-0002bd10: 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 yptomount, Up: \n-0002bd20: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n-0002bd30: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n-0002bd40: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 3020 6375 ands..16.3.20 cu\n-0002bd50: 746d 656d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tmem.-----------\n-0002bd60: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002bd70: 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2066 726f 6d5b 4b7c : cutmem from[K|\n-0002bd80: 4d7c 475d 2074 6f5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d 0a20 M|G] to[K|M|G]. \n-0002bd90: 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 6e79 206d Remove any m\n-0002bda0: 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 696e emory regions in\n-0002bdb0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 616e 6765 specified range\n-0002bdc0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d ... This com\n-0002bdd0: 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 7468 mand notifies th\n-0002bde0: 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 6572 e memory manager\n-0002bdf0: 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 that specified \n-0002be00: 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 regions of. \n-0002be10: 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 6520 RAM ought to be \n-0002be20: 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 2e20 2054 filtered out. T\n-0002be30: 6869 7320 7265 6d61 696e 7320 696e 2065 his remains in e\n-0002be40: 6666 6563 7420 6166 7465 7220 610a 2020 ffect after a. \n-0002be50: 2020 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 payload kerne\n-0002be60: 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 l has been loade\n-0002be70: 6420 6279 2047 5255 422c 2061 7320 6c6f d by GRUB, as lo\n-0002be80: 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 ng as the loaded\n-0002be90: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6274 . kernel obt\n-0002bea0: 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 7920 ains its memory \n-0002beb0: 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 204b map from GRUB. K\n-0002bec0: 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 ernels that supp\n-0002bed0: 6f72 7420 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 696e ort this. in\n-0002bee0: 636c 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 782c 2047 4e55 clude Linux, GNU\n-0002bef0: 204d 6163 682c 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 Mach, the kerne\n-0002bf00: 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 2061 6e64 l of FreeBSD and\n-0002bf10: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 Multiboot. \n-0002bf20: 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2067 656e 6572 kernels in gener\n-0002bf30: 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f al... The co\n-0002bf40: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2073 696d 696c 6172 mmand is similar\n-0002bf50: 2074 6f20 2762 6164 7261 6d27 2063 6f6d to 'badram' com\n-0002bf60: 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 mand... Note\n-0002bf70: 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 : The command is\n-0002bf80: 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 not allowed whe\n-0002bf90: 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e n lockdown is en\n-0002bfa0: 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 forced (*note. \n-0002bfb0: 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 Lockdown::). \n-0002bfc0: 2054 6869 7320 7072 6576 656e 7473 2072 This prevents r\n-0002bfd0: 656d 6f76 696e 6720 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f emoving EFI memo\n-0002bfe0: 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a 2020 ry regions to. \n-0002bff0: 2020 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2073 potentially s\n-0002c000: 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2073 6563 7572 ubvert the secur\n-0002c010: 6974 7920 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2070 ity mechanisms p\n-0002c020: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2055 rovided by the U\n-0002c030: 4546 490a 2020 2020 2073 6563 7572 6520 EFI. secure \n-0002c040: 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 boot.....File: g\n-0002c050: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002c060: 2064 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 date, Next: de\n-0002c070: 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 2050 7265 763a vicetree, Prev:\n-0002c080: 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f cutmem, Up: Co\n-0002c090: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n-0002c0a0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n-0002c0b0: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 3120 6461 7465 ds..16.3.21 date\n-0002c0c0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 .------------.. \n-0002c0d0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6461 7465 -- Command: date\n-0002c0e0: 205b 5b79 6561 722d 5d6d 6f6e 7468 2d64 [[year-]month-d\n-0002c0f0: 6179 5d20 5b68 6f75 723a 6d69 6e75 7465 ay] [hour:minute\n-0002c100: 5b3a 7365 636f 6e64 5d5d 0a20 2020 2020 [:second]]. \n-0002c110: 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 With no argument\n-0002c120: 732c 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2063 7572 s, print the cur\n-0002c130: 7265 6e74 2064 6174 6520 616e 6420 7469 rent date and ti\n-0002c140: 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 me... Otherw\n-0002c150: 6973 652c 2074 616b 6520 7468 6520 6375 ise, take the cu\n-0002c160: 7272 656e 7420 6461 7465 2061 6e64 2074 rrent date and t\n-0002c170: 696d 652c 2063 6861 6e67 6520 616e 7920 ime, change any \n-0002c180: 656c 656d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7370 elements. sp\n-0002c190: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2061 7267 756d ecified as argum\n-0002c1a0: 656e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 ents, and set th\n-0002c1b0: 6520 7265 7375 6c74 2061 7320 7468 6520 e result as the \n-0002c1c0: 6e65 7720 6461 7465 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 new date and. \n-0002c1d0: 2020 7469 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 time. For exa\n-0002c1e0: 6d70 6c65 2c20 2764 6174 6520 3031 2d30 mple, 'date 01-0\n-0002c1f0: 3127 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 1' will set the \n-0002c200: 6375 7272 656e 7420 6d6f 6e74 6820 616e current month an\n-0002c210: 6420 6461 790a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 4a61 d day. to Ja\n-0002c220: 6e75 6172 7920 312c 2062 7574 206c 6561 nuary 1, but lea\n-0002c230: 7665 2074 6865 2079 6561 722c 2068 6f75 ve the year, hou\n-0002c240: 722c 206d 696e 7574 652c 2061 6e64 2073 r, minute, and s\n-0002c250: 6563 6f6e 640a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6861 econd. uncha\n-0002c260: 6e67 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 nged.....File: g\n-0002c270: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002c280: 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c 2020 4e65 devicetree, Ne\n-0002c290: 7874 3a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 2c20 2050 xt: distrust, P\n-0002c2a0: 7265 763a 2064 6174 652c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: date, Up: \n-0002c2b0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n-0002c2c0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n-0002c2d0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 3220 6465 ands..16.3.22 de\n-0002c2e0: 7669 6365 7472 6565 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d vicetree.-------\n-0002c2f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0002c300: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6465 7669 6365 Command: device\n-0002c310: 7472 6565 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 204c tree file. L\n-0002c320: 6f61 6420 6120 6465 7669 6365 2074 7265 oad a device tre\n-0002c330: 6520 626c 6f62 2028 2e64 7462 2920 6672 e blob (.dtb) fr\n-0002c340: 6f6d 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c om a filesystem,\n-0002c350: 2066 6f72 206c 6174 6572 2075 7365 2062 for later use b\n-0002c360: 790a 2020 2020 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b y. a Linux k\n-0002c370: 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 446f 6573 206e 6f74 ernel. Does not\n-0002c380: 2070 6572 666f 726d 206d 6572 6769 6e67 perform merging\n-0002c390: 2077 6974 6820 616e 7920 6465 7669 6365 with any device\n-0002c3a0: 2074 7265 650a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706c tree. suppl\n-0002c3b0: 6965 6420 6279 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c ied by firmware,\n-0002c3c0: 2062 7574 2072 6174 6865 7220 7265 706c but rather repl\n-0002c3d0: 6163 6573 2069 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 aces it complete\n-0002c3e0: 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 ly... Note: \n-0002c3f0: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e The command is n\n-0002c400: 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 ot allowed when \n-0002c410: 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f lockdown is enfo\n-0002c420: 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 rced (*note. \n-0002c430: 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 Lockdown::). T\n-0002c440: 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 746f 2070 his is done to p\n-0002c450: 7265 7665 6e74 2073 7562 7665 7274 696e revent subvertin\n-0002c460: 6720 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7365 6375 7269 g various securi\n-0002c470: 7479 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 ty. mechanis\n-0002c480: 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ms.....File: gru\n-0002c490: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 b.info, Node: d\n-0002c4a0: 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 istrust, Next: \n-0002c4b0: 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 2050 7265 763a drivemap, Prev:\n-0002c4c0: 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c 2020 5570 devicetree, Up\n-0002c4d0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n-0002c4e0: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n-0002c4f0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 3320 mmands..16.3.23 \n-0002c500: 6469 7374 7275 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d distrust.-------\n-0002c510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0002c520: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 ommand: distrust\n-0002c530: 2070 7562 6b65 795f 6964 0a20 2020 2020 pubkey_id. \n-0002c540: 5265 6d6f 7665 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 Remove public ke\n-0002c550: 7920 5055 424b 4559 5f49 4420 6672 6f6d y PUBKEY_ID from\n-0002c560: 2047 5255 4227 7320 6b65 7972 696e 6720 GRUB's keyring \n-0002c570: 6f66 2074 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 732e of trusted keys.\n-0002c580: 0a20 2020 2020 5055 424b 4559 5f49 4420 . PUBKEY_ID \n-0002c590: 6973 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 666f 7572 is the last four\n-0002c5a0: 2062 7974 6573 2028 6569 6768 7420 6865 bytes (eight he\n-0002c5b0: 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 xadecimal digits\n-0002c5c0: 2920 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4750 ) of the. GP\n-0002c5d0: 4720 7634 206b 6579 2069 642c 2077 6869 G v4 key id, whi\n-0002c5e0: 6368 2069 7320 616c 736f 2074 6865 206f ch is also the o\n-0002c5f0: 7574 7075 7420 6f66 2027 6c69 7374 5f74 utput of 'list_t\n-0002c600: 7275 7374 6564 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 rusted' (*note. \n-0002c610: 2020 2020 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 list_trusted\n-0002c620: 3a3a 292e 2020 4f75 7473 6964 6520 6f66 ::). Outside of\n-0002c630: 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 206b 6579 2069 GRUB, the key i\n-0002c640: 6420 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6274 6169 6e65 d can be obtaine\n-0002c650: 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 2027 6770 d using. 'gp\n-0002c660: 6720 2d2d 6669 6e67 6572 7072 696e 7427 g --fingerprint'\n-0002c670: 292e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6b65 7973 2061 ). These keys a\n-0002c680: 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2076 616c 6964 re used to valid\n-0002c690: 6174 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 0a20 ate signatures. \n-0002c6a0: 2020 2020 7768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e when environ\n-0002c6b0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 2763 ment variable 'c\n-0002c6c0: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7327 heck_signatures'\n-0002c6d0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2027 656e 666f is set to 'enfo\n-0002c6e0: 7263 6527 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 rce'. (*note\n-0002c6f0: 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 check_signature\n-0002c700: 733a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 6279 2073 6f6d s::), and by som\n-0002c710: 6520 696e 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 e invocations of\n-0002c720: 0a20 2020 2020 2776 6572 6966 795f 6465 . 'verify_de\n-0002c730: 7461 6368 6564 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2076 tached' (*note v\n-0002c740: 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a erify_detached::\n-0002c750: 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 ). *Note Using \n-0002c760: 6469 6769 7461 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6967 digital. sig\n-0002c770: 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d natures::, for m\n-0002c780: 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ore information.\n-0002c790: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002c7a0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6472 6976 nfo, Node: driv\n-0002c7b0: 656d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 6368 emap, Next: ech\n-0002c7c0: 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6469 7374 7275 o, Prev: distru\n-0002c7d0: 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 st, Up: Command\n-0002c7e0: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 -line and menu e\n-0002c7f0: 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ntry commands..1\n-0002c800: 362e 332e 3234 2064 7269 7665 6d61 700a 6.3.24 drivemap.\n-0002c810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002c820: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 .. -- Command: d\n-0002c830: 7269 7665 6d61 7020 2d6c 7c2d 727c 5b2d rivemap -l|-r|[-\n-0002c840: 735d 2066 726f 6d5f 6472 6976 6520 746f s] from_drive to\n-0002c850: 5f64 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 _drive. With\n-0002c860: 6f75 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 206d 6170 out options, map\n-0002c870: 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2046 524f 4d5f the drive FROM_\n-0002c880: 4452 4956 4520 746f 2074 6865 2064 7269 DRIVE to the dri\n-0002c890: 7665 2054 4f5f 4452 4956 452e 0a20 2020 ve TO_DRIVE.. \n-0002c8a0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e65 6365 7373 This is necess\n-0002c8b0: 6172 7920 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2063 6861 ary when you cha\n-0002c8c0: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7065 in-load some ope\n-0002c8d0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 rating systems, \n-0002c8e0: 7375 6368 0a20 2020 2020 6173 2044 4f53 such. as DOS\n-0002c8f0: 2c20 6966 2073 7563 6820 616e 204f 5320 , if such an OS \n-0002c900: 7265 7369 6465 7320 6174 2061 206e 6f6e resides at a non\n-0002c910: 2d66 6972 7374 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2046 -first drive. F\n-0002c920: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e76 656e 6965 or. convenie\n-0002c930: 6e63 652c 2061 6e79 2070 6172 7469 7469 nce, any partiti\n-0002c940: 6f6e 2073 7566 6669 7820 6f6e 2074 6865 on suffix on the\n-0002c950: 2064 7269 7665 2069 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 drive is ignore\n-0002c960: 642c 2073 6f20 796f 750a 2020 2020 2063 d, so you. c\n-0002c970: 616e 2073 6166 656c 7920 7573 6520 247b an safely use ${\n-0002c980: 726f 6f74 7d20 6173 2061 2064 7269 7665 root} as a drive\n-0002c990: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a specification..\n-0002c9a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 2027 . With the '\n-0002c9b0: 2d73 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7065 7266 -s' option, perf\n-0002c9c0: 6f72 6d20 7468 6520 7265 7665 7273 6520 orm the reverse \n-0002c9d0: 6d61 7070 696e 6720 6173 2077 656c 6c2c mapping as well,\n-0002c9e0: 2073 7761 7070 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 swapping. t\n-0002c9f0: 6865 2074 776f 2064 7269 7665 732e 0a0a he two drives...\n-0002ca00: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 272d With the '-\n-0002ca10: 6c27 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206c 6973 7420 l' option, list \n-0002ca20: 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6d61 7070 the current mapp\n-0002ca30: 696e 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 ings... With\n-0002ca40: 2074 6865 2027 2d72 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e the '-r' option\n-0002ca50: 2c20 7265 7365 7420 616c 6c20 6d61 7070 , reset all mapp\n-0002ca60: 696e 6773 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 6661 ings to the defa\n-0002ca70: 756c 7420 7661 6c75 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 ult values... \n-0002ca80: 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a For example:..\n-0002ca90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6976 656d drivem\n-0002caa0: 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 2920 2868 6431 ap -s (hd0) (hd1\n-0002cab0: 290a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e )....File: grub.\n-0002cac0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 6368 info, Node: ech\n-0002cad0: 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6576 616c 2c20 o, Next: eval, \n-0002cae0: 2050 7265 763a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702c Prev: drivemap,\n-0002caf0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0002cb00: 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ne and menu entr\n-0002cb10: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 y commands..16.3\n-0002cb20: 2e32 3520 6563 686f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .25 echo.-------\n-0002cb30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002cb40: 6e64 3a20 6563 686f 205b 2d6e 5d20 5b2d nd: echo [-n] [-\n-0002cb50: 655d 2073 7472 696e 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 e] string .... \n-0002cb60: 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2072 Display the r\n-0002cb70: 6571 7565 7374 6564 2074 6578 7420 616e equested text an\n-0002cb80: 642c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 6520 272d d, unless the '-\n-0002cb90: 6e27 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 n' option is use\n-0002cba0: 642c 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7472 6169 6c69 d, a. traili\n-0002cbb0: 6e67 206e 6577 206c 696e 652e 2020 4966 ng new line. If\n-0002cbc0: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6d6f 7265 2074 there is more t\n-0002cbd0: 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 7374 7269 6e67 2c20 han one string, \n-0002cbe0: 7468 6579 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7365 they are. se\n-0002cbf0: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 parated by space\n-0002cc00: 7320 696e 2074 6865 206f 7574 7075 742e s in the output.\n-0002cc10: 2020 4173 2075 7375 616c 2069 6e20 4752 As usual in GR\n-0002cc20: 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 0a20 2020 UB commands,. \n-0002cc30: 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6d61 7920 variables may \n-0002cc40: 6265 2073 7562 7374 6974 7574 6564 2075 be substituted u\n-0002cc50: 7369 6e67 2027 247b 7661 727d 272e 0a0a sing '${var}'...\n-0002cc60: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 2d65 2720 6f70 The '-e' op\n-0002cc70: 7469 6f6e 2065 6e61 626c 6573 2069 6e74 tion enables int\n-0002cc80: 6572 7072 6574 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2062 erpretation of b\n-0002cc90: 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2065 7363 6170 6573 ackslash escapes\n-0002cca0: 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c . The. foll\n-0002ccb0: 6f77 696e 6720 7365 7175 656e 6365 7320 owing sequences \n-0002ccc0: 6172 6520 7265 636f 676e 6973 6564 3a0a are recognised:.\n-0002ccd0: 0a20 2020 2020 275c 5c27 0a20 2020 2020 . '\\\\'. \n-0002cce0: 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 0a0a backslash..\n-0002ccf0: 2020 2020 2027 5c61 270a 2020 2020 2020 '\\a'. \n-0002cd00: 2020 2020 616c 6572 7420 2842 454c 290a alert (BEL).\n-0002cd10: 0a20 2020 2020 275c 6327 0a20 2020 2020 . '\\c'. \n-0002cd20: 2020 2020 2073 7570 7072 6573 7320 7472 suppress tr\n-0002cd30: 6169 6c69 6e67 206e 6577 206c 696e 650a ailing new line.\n-0002cd40: 0a20 2020 2020 275c 6627 0a20 2020 2020 . '\\f'. \n-0002cd50: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d20 6665 6564 0a0a form feed..\n-0002cd60: 2020 2020 2027 5c6e 270a 2020 2020 2020 '\\n'. \n-0002cd70: 2020 2020 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a0a 2020 new line.. \n-0002cd80: 2020 2027 5c72 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 '\\r'. \n-0002cd90: 2020 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 carriage retur\n-0002cda0: 6e0a 0a20 2020 2020 275c 7427 0a20 2020 n.. '\\t'. \n-0002cdb0: 2020 2020 2020 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 horizonta\n-0002cdc0: 6c20 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 275c 7627 l tab.. '\\v'\n-0002cdd0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2076 6572 7469 . verti\n-0002cde0: 6361 6c20 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 cal tab.. Wh\n-0002cdf0: 656e 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 696e 6720 en interpreting \n-0002ce00: 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 6573 6361 7065 backslash escape\n-0002ce10: 732c 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2066 6f6c s, backslash fol\n-0002ce20: 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 lowed by any. \n-0002ce30: 2020 6f74 6865 7220 6368 6172 6163 7465 other characte\n-0002ce40: 7220 7769 6c6c 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6861 r will print tha\n-0002ce50: 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 722e 0a0a 1f0a t character.....\n-0002ce60: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002ce70: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6576 616c 2c20 204e Node: eval, N\n-0002ce80: 6578 743a 2065 7870 6f72 742c 2020 5072 ext: export, Pr\n-0002ce90: 6576 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ev: echo, Up: C\n-0002cea0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n-0002ceb0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n-0002cec0: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3236 2065 7661 nds..16.3.26 eva\n-0002ced0: 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a l.------------..\n-0002cee0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 7661 -- Command: eva\n-0002cef0: 6c20 7374 7269 6e67 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 l string .... \n-0002cf00: 2020 436f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6520 6172 Concatenate ar\n-0002cf10: 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 746f 6765 7468 6572 guments together\n-0002cf20: 2075 7369 6e67 2073 696e 676c 6520 7370 using single sp\n-0002cf30: 6163 6520 6173 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 ace as separator\n-0002cf40: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6576 616c 7561 and. evalua\n-0002cf50: 7465 2072 6573 756c 7420 6173 2073 6571 te result as seq\n-0002cf60: 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2047 5255 4220 636f uence of GRUB co\n-0002cf70: 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mmands.....File:\n-0002cf80: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002cf90: 653a 2065 7870 6f72 742c 2020 4e65 7874 e: export, Next\n-0002cfa0: 3a20 6661 6c73 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : false, Prev: \n-0002cfb0: 6576 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 eval, Up: Comma\n-0002cfc0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 nd-line and menu\n-0002cfd0: 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a entry commands.\n-0002cfe0: 0a31 362e 332e 3237 2065 7870 6f72 740a .16.3.27 export.\n-0002cff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0002d000: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 7870 -- Command: exp\n-0002d010: 6f72 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 2020 2020 ort envvar. \n-0002d020: 4578 706f 7274 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 Export the envir\n-0002d030: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-0002d040: 454e 5656 4152 2e20 2045 7870 6f72 7465 ENVVAR. Exporte\n-0002d050: 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 650a d variables are.\n-0002d060: 2020 2020 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 visible to \n-0002d070: 7375 6273 6964 6961 7279 2063 6f6e 6669 subsidiary confi\n-0002d080: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 206c guration files l\n-0002d090: 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 oaded using. \n-0002d0a0: 2027 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 272e 0a0a 'configfile'...\n-0002d0b0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002d0c0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c73 652c o, Node: false,\n-0002d0d0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c Next: gettext,\n-0002d0e0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 Prev: export, \n-0002d0f0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0002d100: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n-0002d110: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n-0002d120: 3238 2066 616c 7365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 28 false.-------\n-0002d130: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002d140: 616e 643a 2066 616c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 and: false. \n-0002d150: 446f 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 756e 7375 Do nothing, unsu\n-0002d160: 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 ccessfully. Thi\n-0002d170: 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 s is mainly usef\n-0002d180: 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 2020 ul in control. \n-0002d190: 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 7320 7375 constructs su\n-0002d1a0: 6368 2061 7320 2769 6627 2061 6e64 2027 ch as 'if' and '\n-0002d1b0: 7768 696c 6527 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 while' (*note Sh\n-0002d1c0: 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 ell-like scripti\n-0002d1d0: 6e67 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ng::).....File: \n-0002d1e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002d1f0: 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 4e65 7874 : gettext, Next\n-0002d200: 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 5072 6576 : gptsync, Prev\n-0002d210: 3a20 6661 6c73 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f : false, Up: Co\n-0002d220: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n-0002d230: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n-0002d240: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 3920 6765 7474 ds..16.3.29 gett\n-0002d250: 6578 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ext.------------\n-0002d260: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002d270: 3a20 6765 7474 6578 7420 7374 7269 6e67 : gettext string\n-0002d280: 0a20 2020 2020 5472 616e 736c 6174 6520 . Translate \n-0002d290: 5354 5249 4e47 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 STRING into the \n-0002d2a0: 6375 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 current language\n-0002d2b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 ... The curr\n-0002d2c0: 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6f64 ent language cod\n-0002d2d0: 6520 6973 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 2074 e is stored in t\n-0002d2e0: 6865 2027 6c61 6e67 2720 7661 7269 6162 he 'lang' variab\n-0002d2f0: 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4227 le in. GRUB'\n-0002d300: 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 282a s environment (*\n-0002d310: 6e6f 7465 206c 616e 673a 3a29 2e20 2054 note lang::). T\n-0002d320: 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 ranslation files\n-0002d330: 2069 6e20 4d4f 2066 6f72 6d61 740a 2020 in MO format. \n-0002d340: 2020 2061 7265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d are read from\n-0002d350: 2027 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2720 282a 'locale_dir' (*\n-0002d360: 6e6f 7465 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 723a note locale_dir:\n-0002d370: 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 :), usually. \n-0002d380: 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6c 6f63 '/boot/grub/loc\n-0002d390: 616c 6527 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ale'.....File: g\n-0002d3a0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002d3b0: 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 204e 6578 743a gptsync, Next:\n-0002d3c0: 2068 616c 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6765 halt, Prev: ge\n-0002d3d0: 7474 6578 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d ttext, Up: Comm\n-0002d3e0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e and-line and men\n-0002d3f0: 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 u entry commands\n-0002d400: 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 3020 6770 7473 796e ..16.3.30 gptsyn\n-0002d410: 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d c.--------------\n-0002d420: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002d430: 6770 7473 796e 6320 6465 7669 6365 205b gptsync device [\n-0002d440: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e5b 2b2f 2d5b 7479 partition[+/-[ty\n-0002d450: 7065 5d5d 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2044 pe]]] .... D\n-0002d460: 6973 6b73 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2047 isks using the G\n-0002d470: 5549 4420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 5461 UID Partition Ta\n-0002d480: 626c 6520 2847 5054 2920 616c 736f 2068 ble (GPT) also h\n-0002d490: 6176 6520 6120 6c65 6761 6379 0a20 2020 ave a legacy. \n-0002d4a0: 2020 4d61 7374 6572 2042 6f6f 7420 5265 Master Boot Re\n-0002d4b0: 636f 7264 2028 4d42 5229 2070 6172 7469 cord (MBR) parti\n-0002d4c0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2063 tion table for c\n-0002d4d0: 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2077 6974 ompatibility wit\n-0002d4e0: 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 2042 494f 5320 h the. BIOS \n-0002d4f0: 616e 6420 7769 7468 206f 6c64 6572 206f and with older o\n-0002d500: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n-0002d510: 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6567 6163 7920 4d42 . The legacy MB\n-0002d520: 5220 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 R can only. \n-0002d530: 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 6120 6c69 6d69 represent a limi\n-0002d540: 7465 6420 7375 6273 6574 206f 6620 4750 ted subset of GP\n-0002d550: 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 656e 7472 T partition entr\n-0002d560: 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 ies... This \n-0002d570: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 706f 7075 6c61 7465 command populate\n-0002d580: 7320 7468 6520 6c65 6761 6379 204d 4252 s the legacy MBR\n-0002d590: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 with the specif\n-0002d5a0: 6965 6420 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e0a 2020 ied PARTITION. \n-0002d5b0: 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 206f 6e20 4445 entries on DE\n-0002d5c0: 5649 4345 2e20 2055 7020 746f 2074 6872 VICE. Up to thr\n-0002d5d0: 6565 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 ee partitions ma\n-0002d5e0: 7920 6265 2075 7365 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 y be used... \n-0002d5f0: 2054 5950 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4d42 5220 TYPE is an MBR \n-0002d600: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2063 partition type c\n-0002d610: 6f64 653b 2070 7265 6669 7820 7769 7468 ode; prefix with\n-0002d620: 2027 3078 2720 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e '0x' if you wan\n-0002d630: 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7465 7220 t to. enter \n-0002d640: 7468 6973 2069 6e20 6865 7861 6465 6369 this in hexadeci\n-0002d650: 6d61 6c2e 2020 5468 6520 7365 7061 7261 mal. The separa\n-0002d660: 746f 7220 6265 7477 6565 6e20 5041 5254 tor between PART\n-0002d670: 4954 494f 4e20 616e 640a 2020 2020 2054 ITION and. T\n-0002d680: 5950 4520 6d61 7920 6265 2027 2b27 2074 YPE may be '+' t\n-0002d690: 6f20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 o make the parti\n-0002d6a0: 7469 6f6e 2061 6374 6976 652c 206f 7220 tion active, or \n-0002d6b0: 272d 2720 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 0a20 '-' to make it. \n-0002d6c0: 2020 2020 696e 6163 7469 7665 3b20 6f6e inactive; on\n-0002d6d0: 6c79 206f 6e65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ly one partition\n-0002d6e0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6163 7469 7665 2e20 may be active. \n-0002d6f0: 2049 6620 626f 7468 2074 6865 2073 6570 If both the sep\n-0002d700: 6172 6174 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 arator. and \n-0002d710: 7479 7065 2061 7265 206f 6d69 7474 6564 type are omitted\n-0002d720: 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 , then the parti\n-0002d730: 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e61 tion will be ina\n-0002d740: 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ctive.....File: \n-0002d750: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002d760: 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 : halt, Next: h\n-0002d770: 6173 6873 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 ashsum, Prev: g\n-0002d780: 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d ptsync, Up: Com\n-0002d790: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 mand-line and me\n-0002d7a0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nu entry command\n-0002d7b0: 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3331 2068 616c 740a s..16.3.31 halt.\n-0002d7c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002d7d0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 616c 7420 - Command: halt \n-0002d7e0: 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 706d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 --no-apm. Th\n-0002d7f0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6861 6c74 7320 e command halts \n-0002d800: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e20 2049 the computer. I\n-0002d810: 6620 7468 6520 272d 2d6e 6f2d 6170 6d27 f the '--no-apm'\n-0002d820: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 option is. \n-0002d830: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 206e 6f20 4150 specified, no AP\n-0002d840: 4d20 4249 4f53 2063 616c 6c20 6973 2070 M BIOS call is p\n-0002d850: 6572 666f 726d 6564 2e20 204f 7468 6572 erformed. Other\n-0002d860: 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 wise, the comput\n-0002d870: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2073 6875 7420 er. is shut \n-0002d880: 646f 776e 2075 7369 6e67 2041 504d 2e0a down using APM..\n-0002d890: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002d8a0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 6173 6873 fo, Node: hashs\n-0002d8b0: 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 656c 702c um, Next: help,\n-0002d8c0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 2055 Prev: halt, U\n-0002d8d0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-0002d8e0: 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 and menu entry c\n-0002d8f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3332 ommands..16.3.32\n-0002d900: 2068 6173 6873 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d hashsum.-------\n-0002d910: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002d920: 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 6173 6873 756d 202d mmand: hashsum -\n-0002d930: 2d68 6173 6820 6861 7368 202d 2d6b 6565 -hash hash --kee\n-0002d940: 702d 676f 696e 6720 2d2d 756e 636f 6d70 p-going --uncomp\n-0002d950: 7265 7373 202d 2d63 6865 636b 2066 696c ress --check fil\n-0002d960: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d70 e. [--p\n-0002d970: 7265 6669 7820 6469 725d 7c66 696c 6520 refix dir]|file \n-0002d980: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 .... Compute\n-0002d990: 206f 7220 7665 7269 6679 2066 696c 6520 or verify file \n-0002d9a0: 6861 7368 6573 2e20 2048 6173 6820 7479 hashes. Hash ty\n-0002d9b0: 7065 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2077 pe is selected w\n-0002d9c0: 6974 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 ith option. \n-0002d9d0: 272d 2d68 6173 6827 2e20 2053 7570 706f '--hash'. Suppo\n-0002d9e0: 7274 6564 2068 6173 6865 7320 6172 653a rted hashes are:\n-0002d9f0: 2027 6164 6c65 7233 3227 2c20 2763 7263 'adler32', 'crc\n-0002da00: 3634 272c 2027 6372 6333 3227 2c0a 2020 64', 'crc32',. \n-0002da10: 2020 2027 6372 6333 3272 6663 3135 3130 'crc32rfc1510\n-0002da20: 272c 2027 6372 6332 3472 6663 3234 3430 ', 'crc24rfc2440\n-0002da30: 272c 2027 6d64 3427 2c20 276d 6435 272c ', 'md4', 'md5',\n-0002da40: 2027 7269 7065 6d64 3136 3027 2c20 2773 'ripemd160', 's\n-0002da50: 6861 3127 2c0a 2020 2020 2027 7368 6132 ha1',. 'sha2\n-0002da60: 3234 272c 2027 7368 6132 3536 272c 2027 24', 'sha256', '\n-0002da70: 7368 6135 3132 272c 2027 7368 6133 3834 sha512', 'sha384\n-0002da80: 272c 2027 7469 6765 7231 3932 272c 2027 ', 'tiger192', '\n-0002da90: 7469 6765 7227 2c0a 2020 2020 2027 7469 tiger',. 'ti\n-0002daa0: 6765 7232 272c 2027 7768 6972 6c70 6f6f ger2', 'whirlpoo\n-0002dab0: 6c27 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e20 272d 2d75 l'. Option '--u\n-0002dac0: 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7327 2075 6e63 6f6d ncompress' uncom\n-0002dad0: 7072 6573 7365 7320 6669 6c65 730a 2020 presses files. \n-0002dae0: 2020 2062 6566 6f72 6520 636f 6d70 7574 before comput\n-0002daf0: 696e 6720 6861 7368 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ing hash... \n-0002db00: 5768 656e 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 696c When list of fil\n-0002db10: 6573 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2068 6173 es is given, has\n-0002db20: 6820 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6669 6c65 2069 h of each file i\n-0002db30: 7320 636f 6d70 7574 6564 2061 6e64 0a20 s computed and. \n-0002db40: 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 642c 2066 6f6c printed, fol\n-0002db50: 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2066 696c 6520 6e61 lowed by file na\n-0002db60: 6d65 2c20 6561 6368 2066 696c 6520 6f6e me, each file on\n-0002db70: 2061 206e 6577 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 a new line... \n-0002db80: 2020 2057 6865 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2027 When option '\n-0002db90: 2d2d 6368 6563 6b27 2069 7320 6769 7665 --check' is give\n-0002dba0: 6e2c 2069 7420 706f 696e 7473 2074 6f20 n, it points to \n-0002dbb0: 6120 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 636f 6e74 a file that cont\n-0002dbc0: 6169 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 206f ains. list o\n-0002dbd0: 6620 4841 5348 204e 414d 4520 7061 6972 f HASH NAME pair\n-0002dbe0: 7320 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 666f s in the same fo\n-0002dbf0: 726d 6174 2061 7320 7573 6564 2062 7920 rmat as used by \n-0002dc00: 554e 4958 2027 6d64 3573 756d 270a 2020 UNIX 'md5sum'. \n-0002dc10: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 204f 7074 command. Opt\n-0002dc20: 696f 6e20 272d 2d70 7265 6669 7827 206d ion '--prefix' m\n-0002dc30: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6769 ay be used to gi\n-0002dc40: 7665 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 ve directory whe\n-0002dc50: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7320 6172 re. files ar\n-0002dc60: 6520 6c6f 6361 7465 642e 2020 4861 7368 e located. Hash\n-0002dc70: 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7374 verification st\n-0002dc80: 6f70 7320 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 6669 ops after the fi\n-0002dc90: 7273 740a 2020 2020 206d 6973 6d61 7463 rst. mismatc\n-0002dca0: 6820 7761 7320 666f 756e 6420 756e 6c65 h was found unle\n-0002dcb0: 7373 206f 7074 696f 6e20 272d 2d6b 6565 ss option '--kee\n-0002dcc0: 702d 676f 696e 6727 2077 6173 2067 6976 p-going' was giv\n-0002dcd0: 656e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6578 en. The. ex\n-0002dce0: 6974 2063 6f64 6520 2724 3f27 2069 7320 it code '$?' is \n-0002dcf0: 7365 7420 746f 2030 2069 6620 6861 7368 set to 0 if hash\n-0002dd00: 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6973 verification is\n-0002dd10: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2e 2020 4966 successful. If\n-0002dd20: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 2066 6169 6c73 2c20 . it fails, \n-0002dd30: 2724 3f27 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2061 '$?' is set to a\n-0002dd40: 206e 6f6e 7a65 726f 2076 616c 7565 2e0a nonzero value..\n-0002dd50: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002dd60: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 656c 702c fo, Node: help,\n-0002dd70: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 Next: initrd, \n-0002dd80: 2050 7265 763a 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 Prev: hashsum, \n-0002dd90: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0002dda0: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n-0002ddb0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n-0002ddc0: 3333 2068 656c 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 33 help.--------\n-0002ddd0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002dde0: 643a 2068 656c 7020 5b70 6174 7465 726e d: help [pattern\n-0002ddf0: 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 2044 6973 706c ...]. Displ\n-0002de00: 6179 2068 656c 7066 756c 2069 6e66 6f72 ay helpful infor\n-0002de10: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2062 7569 mation about bui\n-0002de20: 6c74 696e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 2020 ltin commands. \n-0002de30: 4966 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f 740a 2020 If you do not. \n-0002de40: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 2050 4154 5445 specify PATTE\n-0002de50: 524e 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 RN, this command\n-0002de60: 2073 686f 7773 2073 686f 7274 2064 6573 shows short des\n-0002de70: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c criptions of all\n-0002de80: 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 . available \n-0002de90: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 commands... \n-0002dea0: 4966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 If you specify a\n-0002deb0: 6e79 2050 4154 5445 524e 532c 2069 7420 ny PATTERNS, it \n-0002dec0: 6469 7370 6c61 7973 206c 6f6e 6765 7220 displays longer \n-0002ded0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 information abou\n-0002dee0: 740a 2020 2020 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2074 t. each of t\n-0002def0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7768 6f73 he commands whos\n-0002df00: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6265 6769 6e20 7769 e names begin wi\n-0002df10: 7468 2074 686f 7365 2050 4154 5445 524e th those PATTERN\n-0002df20: 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 S.....File: grub\n-0002df30: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e .info, Node: in\n-0002df40: 6974 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e69 itrd, Next: ini\n-0002df50: 7472 6431 362c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6865 trd16, Prev: he\n-0002df60: 6c70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 lp, Up: Command\n-0002df70: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 -line and menu e\n-0002df80: 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ntry commands..1\n-0002df90: 362e 332e 3334 2069 6e69 7472 640a 2d2d 6.3.34 initrd.--\n-0002dfa0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002dfb0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e69 7472 - Command: initr\n-0002dfc0: 6420 6669 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e d file [file ...\n-0002dfd0: 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 ]. Load, in \n-0002dfe0: 6f72 6465 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 7469 order, all initi\n-0002dff0: 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b 7320 666f 7220 al ramdisks for \n-0002e000: 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 a Linux kernel i\n-0002e010: 6d61 6765 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 2073 mage, and. s\n-0002e020: 6574 2074 6865 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 et the appropria\n-0002e030: 7465 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 696e te parameters in\n-0002e040: 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 2073 6574 7570 the Linux setup\n-0002e050: 2061 7265 6120 696e 206d 656d 6f72 792e area in memory.\n-0002e060: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 206f . This may o\n-0002e070: 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6166 7465 nly be used afte\n-0002e080: 7220 7468 6520 276c 696e 7578 2720 636f r the 'linux' co\n-0002e090: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e mmand (*note lin\n-0002e0a0: 7578 3a3a 2920 6861 730a 2020 2020 2062 ux::) has. b\n-0002e0b0: 6565 6e20 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 616c een run. See al\n-0002e0c0: 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e so *note GNU/Lin\n-0002e0d0: 7578 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ux::.....File: g\n-0002e0e0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002e0f0: 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 4e65 7874 initrd16, Next\n-0002e100: 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 763a : insmod, Prev:\n-0002e110: 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f initrd, Up: Co\n-0002e120: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n-0002e130: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n-0002e140: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 3520 696e 6974 ds..16.3.35 init\n-0002e150: 7264 3136 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rd16.-----------\n-0002e160: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002e170: 6e64 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2066 696c nd: initrd16 fil\n-0002e180: 6520 5b66 696c 6520 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 e [file ...]. \n-0002e190: 2020 4c6f 6164 2c20 696e 206f 7264 6572 Load, in order\n-0002e1a0: 2c20 616c 6c20 696e 6974 6961 6c20 7261 , all initial ra\n-0002e1b0: 6d64 6973 6b73 2066 6f72 2061 204c 696e mdisks for a Lin\n-0002e1c0: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 ux kernel image \n-0002e1d0: 746f 2062 650a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7465 to be. boote\n-0002e1e0: 6420 696e 2031 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 d in 16-bit mode\n-0002e1f0: 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 6520 6170 , and set the ap\n-0002e200: 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7061 7261 6d65 propriate parame\n-0002e210: 7465 7273 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ters in the. \n-0002e220: 204c 696e 7578 2073 6574 7570 2061 7265 Linux setup are\n-0002e230: 6120 696e 206d 656d 6f72 792e 2020 5468 a in memory. Th\n-0002e240: 6973 206d 6179 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 is may only be u\n-0002e250: 7365 6420 6166 7465 7220 7468 650a 2020 sed after the. \n-0002e260: 2020 2027 6c69 6e75 7831 3627 2063 6f6d 'linux16' com\n-0002e270: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 mand (*note linu\n-0002e280: 7831 363a 3a29 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 x16::) has been \n-0002e290: 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a run. See also *\n-0002e2a0: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 474e 552f 4c69 note. GNU/Li\n-0002e2b0: 6e75 783a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 nux::... Thi\n-0002e2c0: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c s command is onl\n-0002e2d0: 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2078 y available on x\n-0002e2e0: 3836 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 86 systems.....F\n-0002e2f0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002e300: 204e 6f64 653a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 Node: insmod, \n-0002e310: 4e65 7874 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c Next: keystatus,\n-0002e320: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 Prev: initrd16\n-0002e330: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002e340: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n-0002e350: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n-0002e360: 332e 3336 2069 6e73 6d6f 640a 2d2d 2d2d 3.36 insmod.----\n-0002e370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002e380: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 Command: insmod \n-0002e390: 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 496e 7365 module. Inse\n-0002e3a0: 7274 2074 6865 2064 796e 616d 6963 2047 rt the dynamic G\n-0002e3b0: 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 616c 6c65 RUB module calle\n-0002e3c0: 6420 4d4f 4455 4c45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c d MODULE.....Fil\n-0002e3d0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002e3e0: 6f64 653a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 2c20 ode: keystatus, \n-0002e3f0: 204e 6578 743a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 2050 Next: linux, P\n-0002e400: 7265 763a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 rev: insmod, Up\n-0002e410: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n-0002e420: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n-0002e430: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 3720 mmands..16.3.37 \n-0002e440: 6b65 7973 7461 7475 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d keystatus.------\n-0002e450: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0002e460: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 Command: keysta\n-0002e470: 7475 7320 5b2d 2d73 6869 6674 5d20 5b2d tus [--shift] [-\n-0002e480: 2d63 7472 6c5d 205b 2d2d 616c 745d 0a20 -ctrl] [--alt]. \n-0002e490: 2020 2020 5265 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 Return true \n-0002e4a0: 6966 2074 6865 2053 6869 6674 2c20 436f if the Shift, Co\n-0002e4b0: 6e74 726f 6c2c 206f 7220 416c 7420 6d6f ntrol, or Alt mo\n-0002e4c0: 6469 6669 6572 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 difier keys are \n-0002e4d0: 6865 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 646f 776e 2c20 held. down, \n-0002e4e0: 6173 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 2062 7920 as requested by \n-0002e4f0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 options. This i\n-0002e500: 7320 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 7363 7269 s useful in scri\n-0002e510: 7074 696e 672c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 pting, to. a\n-0002e520: 6c6c 6f77 2073 6f6d 6520 7573 6572 2063 llow some user c\n-0002e530: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 206f 7665 7220 6265 6861 ontrol over beha\n-0002e540: 7669 6f75 7220 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6861 viour without ha\n-0002e550: 7669 6e67 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 ving to wait for\n-0002e560: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7970 7265 7373 a. keypress\n-0002e570: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b69 6e67 ... Checking\n-0002e580: 206b 6579 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 7374 key modifier st\n-0002e590: 6174 7573 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 atus is only sup\n-0002e5a0: 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 2070 ported on some p\n-0002e5b0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 latforms.. I\n-0002e5c0: 6620 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 6f75 f invoked withou\n-0002e5d0: 7420 616e 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 2074 t any options, t\n-0002e5e0: 6865 2027 6b65 7973 7461 7475 7327 2063 he 'keystatus' c\n-0002e5f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 0a20 ommand returns. \n-0002e600: 2020 2020 7472 7565 2069 6620 616e 6420 true if and \n-0002e610: 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 only if checking\n-0002e620: 206b 6579 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 7374 key modifier st\n-0002e630: 6174 7573 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 atus is supporte\n-0002e640: 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 d.....File: grub\n-0002e650: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 .info, Node: li\n-0002e660: 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 6e75 nux, Next: linu\n-0002e670: 7831 362c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6b65 7973 x16, Prev: keys\n-0002e680: 7461 7475 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d tatus, Up: Comm\n-0002e690: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e and-line and men\n-0002e6a0: 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 u entry commands\n-0002e6b0: 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 3820 6c69 6e75 780a ..16.3.38 linux.\n-0002e6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0002e6d0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 6e75 -- Command: linu\n-0002e6e0: 7820 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 x file .... \n-0002e6f0: 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 Load a Linux ker\n-0002e700: 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 nel image from F\n-0002e710: 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f ILE. The rest o\n-0002e720: 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 f the line is. \n-0002e730: 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 passed verbat\n-0002e740: 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 226b 6572 6e65 im as the \"kerne\n-0002e750: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 222e l command-line\".\n-0002e760: 2020 416e 7920 696e 6974 7264 206d 7573 Any initrd mus\n-0002e770: 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c6f 6164 t be. reload\n-0002e780: 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 ed after using t\n-0002e790: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f his command (*no\n-0002e7a0: 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 te initrd::)... \n-0002e7b0: 2020 2020 4f6e 2078 3836 2073 7973 7465 On x86 syste\n-0002e7c0: 6d73 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 ms, the kernel w\n-0002e7d0: 696c 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 7573 ill be booted us\n-0002e7e0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 3332 2d62 6974 2062 ing the 32-bit b\n-0002e7f0: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f oot. protoco\n-0002e800: 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 l. Note that th\n-0002e810: 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 is means that th\n-0002e820: 6520 2776 6761 3d27 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 e 'vga=' boot op\n-0002e830: 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 206e tion will. n\n-0002e840: 6f74 2077 6f72 6b3b 2069 6620 796f 7520 ot work; if you \n-0002e850: 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 7370 want to set a sp\n-0002e860: 6563 6961 6c20 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 ecial video mode\n-0002e870: 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 , you will need \n-0002e880: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 4752 5542 to. use GRUB\n-0002e890: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 2061 commands such a\n-0002e8a0: 7320 2773 6574 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 s 'set gfxpayloa\n-0002e8b0: 643d 3130 3234 7837 3638 2720 6f72 2027 d=1024x768' or '\n-0002e8c0: 7365 740a 2020 2020 2067 6678 7061 796c set. gfxpayl\n-0002e8d0: 6f61 643d 6b65 6570 2720 2874 6f20 6b65 oad=keep' (to ke\n-0002e8e0: 6570 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6d6f 6465 ep the same mode\n-0002e8f0: 2061 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 as used in GRUB\n-0002e900: 2920 696e 7374 6561 642e 0a20 2020 2020 ) instead.. \n-0002e910: 4752 5542 2063 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 GRUB can automat\n-0002e920: 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 736f ically detect so\n-0002e930: 6d65 2075 7365 7320 6f66 2027 7667 613d me uses of 'vga=\n-0002e940: 2720 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 650a ' and translate.\n-0002e950: 2020 2020 2074 6865 6d20 746f 2061 7070 them to app\n-0002e960: 726f 7072 6961 7465 2073 6574 7469 6e67 ropriate setting\n-0002e970: 7320 6f66 2027 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 s of 'gfxpayload\n-0002e980: 272e 2020 5468 6520 276c 696e 7578 3136 '. The 'linux16\n-0002e990: 270a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 '. command (\n-0002e9a0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 *note linux16::)\n-0002e9b0: 2061 766f 6964 7320 7468 6973 2072 6573 avoids this res\n-0002e9c0: 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c triction.....Fil\n-0002e9d0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002e9e0: 6f64 653a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 204e ode: linux16, N\n-0002e9f0: 6578 743a 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 ext: list_env, \n-0002ea00: 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 5570 Prev: linux, Up\n-0002ea10: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n-0002ea20: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n-0002ea30: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 3920 mmands..16.3.39 \n-0002ea40: 6c69 6e75 7831 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d linux16.--------\n-0002ea50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0002ea60: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 3620 6669 mand: linux16 fi\n-0002ea70: 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 le .... Load\n-0002ea80: 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 a Linux kernel \n-0002ea90: 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 4520 image from FILE \n-0002eaa0: 696e 2031 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 2e20 in 16-bit mode. \n-0002eab0: 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 The rest of. \n-0002eac0: 2020 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 7061 the line is pa\n-0002ead0: 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 ssed verbatim as\n-0002eae0: 2074 6865 2022 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d the \"kernel com\n-0002eaf0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6522 2e20 2041 6e79 mand-line\". Any\n-0002eb00: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 206d 7573 . initrd mus\n-0002eb10: 7420 6265 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 t be reloaded af\n-0002eb20: 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 ter using this c\n-0002eb30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 ommand (*note. \n-0002eb40: 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a29 2e0a initrd16::)..\n-0002eb50: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c . The kernel\n-0002eb60: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 will be booted \n-0002eb70: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 7472 6164 6974 using the tradit\n-0002eb80: 696f 6e61 6c20 3136 2d62 6974 2062 6f6f ional 16-bit boo\n-0002eb90: 740a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e t. protocol.\n-0002eba0: 2020 4173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 2062 7970 As well as byp\n-0002ebb0: 6173 7369 6e67 2070 726f 626c 656d 7320 assing problems \n-0002ebc0: 7769 7468 2027 7667 613d 2720 6465 7363 with 'vga=' desc\n-0002ebd0: 7269 6265 6420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2a6e ribed in. *n\n-0002ebe0: 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a2c 2074 6869 ote linux::, thi\n-0002ebf0: 7320 7065 726d 6974 7320 626f 6f74 696e s permits bootin\n-0002ec00: 6720 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2070 726f g some other pro\n-0002ec10: 6772 616d 7320 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 grams that. \n-0002ec20: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 7468 6520 4c69 implement the Li\n-0002ec30: 6e75 7820 626f 6f74 2070 726f 746f 636f nux boot protoco\n-0002ec40: 6c20 666f 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 206f l for the sake o\n-0002ec50: 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652e 0a0a f convenience...\n-0002ec60: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e This comman\n-0002ec70: 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 d is only availa\n-0002ec80: 626c 6520 6f6e 2078 3836 2073 7973 7465 ble on x86 syste\n-0002ec90: 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ms.....File: gru\n-0002eca0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c b.info, Node: l\n-0002ecb0: 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ist_env, Next: \n-0002ecc0: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 2050 list_trusted, P\n-0002ecd0: 7265 763a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 2055 rev: linux16, U\n-0002ece0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-0002ecf0: 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 and menu entry c\n-0002ed00: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3430 ommands..16.3.40\n-0002ed10: 206c 6973 745f 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d list_env.------\n-0002ed20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002ed30: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6973 745f 656e Command: list_en\n-0002ed40: 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 6c65 5d0a v [--file file].\n-0002ed50: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 7661 List all va\n-0002ed60: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 2065 riables in the e\n-0002ed70: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n-0002ed80: 2066 696c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 file. *Note. \n-0002ed90: 2020 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 Environment b\n-0002eda0: 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 lock::... Th\n-0002edb0: 6520 272d 2d66 696c 6527 206f 7074 696f e '--file' optio\n-0002edc0: 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 6520 n overrides the \n-0002edd0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e default location\n-0002ede0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 of the. env\n-0002edf0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a ironment block..\n-0002ee00: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002ee10: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f fo, Node: list_\n-0002ee20: 7472 7573 7465 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 trusted, Next: \n-0002ee30: 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 763a load_env, Prev:\n-0002ee40: 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 5570 3a20 list_env, Up: \n-0002ee50: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n-0002ee60: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n-0002ee70: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e34 3120 6c69 ands..16.3.41 li\n-0002ee80: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d st_trusted.-----\n-0002ee90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0002eea0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 . -- Command: li\n-0002eeb0: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 st_trusted. \n-0002eec0: 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2070 7562 6c69 6320 List all public \n-0002eed0: 6b65 7973 2074 7275 7374 6564 2062 7920 keys trusted by \n-0002eee0: 4752 5542 2066 6f72 2076 616c 6964 6174 GRUB for validat\n-0002eef0: 696e 6720 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2e0a ing signatures..\n-0002ef00: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f 7574 7075 7420 The output \n-0002ef10: 6973 2069 6e20 4750 4727 7320 7634 206b is in GPG's v4 k\n-0002ef20: 6579 2066 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 2066 ey fingerprint f\n-0002ef30: 6f72 6d61 7420 2869 2e65 2e2c 2074 6865 ormat (i.e., the\n-0002ef40: 206f 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 206f 6620 output. of \n-0002ef50: 2767 7067 202d 2d66 696e 6765 7270 7269 'gpg --fingerpri\n-0002ef60: 6e74 2729 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6561 7374 nt'). The least\n-0002ef70: 2073 6967 6e69 6669 6361 6e74 2066 6f75 significant fou\n-0002ef80: 7220 6279 7465 7320 286c 6173 740a 2020 r bytes (last. \n-0002ef90: 2020 2065 6967 6874 2068 6578 6164 6563 eight hexadec\n-0002efa0: 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 2063 616e imal digits) can\n-0002efb0: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 616e 2061 be used as an a\n-0002efc0: 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2027 6469 7374 rgument to 'dist\n-0002efd0: 7275 7374 270a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 rust'. (*not\n-0002efe0: 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 e distrust::). \n-0002eff0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 *Note Using digi\n-0002f000: 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a tal signatures::\n-0002f010: 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 , for more. \n-0002f020: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 information abou\n-0002f030: 7420 7573 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 t uses for these\n-0002f040: 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 keys.....File: \n-0002f050: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002f060: 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 : load_env, Nex\n-0002f070: 743a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c 2020 5072 t: loadfont, Pr\n-0002f080: 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 ev: list_trusted\n-0002f090: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002f0a0: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n-0002f0b0: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n-0002f0c0: 332e 3432 206c 6f61 645f 656e 760a 2d2d 3.42 load_env.--\n-0002f0d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0002f0e0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6f61 -- Command: loa\n-0002f0f0: 645f 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 d_env [--file fi\n-0002f100: 6c65 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 675d le] [--skip-sig]\n-0002f110: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 7768 6974 . [whit\n-0002f120: 656c 6973 7465 645f 7661 7269 6162 6c65 elisted_variable\n-0002f130: 5f6e 616d 655d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 _name] .... \n-0002f140: 4c6f 6164 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 6961 626c Load all variabl\n-0002f150: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 656e 7669 es from the envi\n-0002f160: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 ronment block fi\n-0002f170: 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 le into the. \n-0002f180: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2e20 202a environment. *\n-0002f190: 4e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Note Environment\n-0002f1a0: 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 block::... \n-0002f1b0: 5468 6520 272d 2d66 696c 6527 206f 7074 The '--file' opt\n-0002f1c0: 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 ion overrides th\n-0002f1d0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 e default locati\n-0002f1e0: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 on of the. e\n-0002f1f0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n-0002f200: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 272d 2d73 ... The '--s\n-0002f210: 6b69 702d 7369 6727 206f 7074 696f 6e20 kip-sig' option \n-0002f220: 736b 6970 7320 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 skips signature \n-0002f230: 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2065 7665 6e20 7768 checking even wh\n-0002f240: 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7661 6c75 en the. valu\n-0002f250: 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 e of environment\n-0002f260: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 2763 6865 636b variable 'check\n-0002f270: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7327 2069 7320 _signatures' is \n-0002f280: 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2765 6e66 set to. 'enf\n-0002f290: 6f72 6365 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 orce' (*note che\n-0002f2a0: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a29 ck_signatures::)\n-0002f2b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206f 6e65 206f ... If one o\n-0002f2c0: 7220 6d6f 7265 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 r more variable \n-0002f2d0: 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 7072 6f76 6964 names are provid\n-0002f2e0: 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c ed as arguments,\n-0002f2f0: 2074 6865 7920 6172 650a 2020 2020 2069 they are. i\n-0002f300: 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 6120 nterpreted as a \n-0002f310: 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 6f66 2076 6172 whitelist of var\n-0002f320: 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2066 iables to load f\n-0002f330: 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 rom the. env\n-0002f340: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 ironment block f\n-0002f350: 696c 652e 2020 5661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 ile. Variables \n-0002f360: 7365 7420 696e 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 set in the file \n-0002f370: 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 7072 6573 656e 740a but not present.\n-0002f380: 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7768 6974 in the whit\n-0002f390: 656c 6973 7420 6172 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 elist are ignore\n-0002f3a0: 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 2d2d d... The '--\n-0002f3b0: 736b 6970 2d73 6967 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e skip-sig' option\n-0002f3c0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 7365 6420 should be used \n-0002f3d0: 7769 7468 2063 6172 652c 2061 6e64 2073 with care, and s\n-0002f3e0: 686f 756c 6420 616c 7761 7973 0a20 2020 hould always. \n-0002f3f0: 2020 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2063 6f6e be used in con\n-0002f400: 6365 7274 2077 6974 6820 6120 7768 6974 cert with a whit\n-0002f410: 656c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6363 6570 7461 elist of accepta\n-0002f420: 626c 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7768 ble variables wh\n-0002f430: 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 7320 ose. values \n-0002f440: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7365 742e 2020 should be set. \n-0002f450: 4661 696c 7572 6520 746f 2065 6d70 6c6f Failure to emplo\n-0002f460: 7920 6120 6361 7265 6675 6c6c 7920 636f y a carefully co\n-0002f470: 6e73 7472 7563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2077 nstructed. w\n-0002f480: 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2063 6f75 6c64 2072 hitelist could r\n-0002f490: 6573 756c 7420 696e 2072 6561 6469 6e67 esult in reading\n-0002f4a0: 2061 206d 616c 6963 696f 7573 2076 616c a malicious val\n-0002f4b0: 7565 2069 6e74 6f20 6372 6974 6963 616c ue into critical\n-0002f4c0: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e . environmen\n-0002f4d0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d t variables from\n-0002f4e0: 2074 6865 2066 696c 652c 2073 7563 6820 the file, such \n-0002f4f0: 6173 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 as setting. \n-0002f500: 2763 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 'check_signature\n-0002f510: 733d 6e6f 272c 206d 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 s=no', modifying\n-0002f520: 2027 7072 6566 6978 2720 746f 2062 6f6f 'prefix' to boo\n-0002f530: 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 t from an. u\n-0002f540: 6e65 7870 6563 7465 6420 6c6f 6361 7469 nexpected locati\n-0002f550: 6f6e 206f 7220 6e6f 7420 6174 2061 6c6c on or not at all\n-0002f560: 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 , etc... Whe\n-0002f570: 6e20 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 6361 7265 n used with care\n-0002f580: 2c20 272d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 6727 2061 , '--skip-sig' a\n-0002f590: 6e64 2074 6865 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 nd the whitelist\n-0002f5a0: 2065 6e61 626c 6520 616e 0a20 2020 2020 enable an. \n-0002f5b0: 6164 6d69 6e69 7374 7261 746f 7220 746f administrator to\n-0002f5c0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 2073 7973 configure a sys\n-0002f5d0: 7465 6d20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6f6e 6c79 tem to boot only\n-0002f5e0: 2073 6967 6e65 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e signed. con\n-0002f5f0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2062 7574 figurations, but\n-0002f600: 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 7573 to allow the us\n-0002f610: 6572 2074 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 2066 726f er to select fro\n-0002f620: 6d20 616d 6f6e 6720 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 m among multiple\n-0002f630: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 . configurat\n-0002f640: 696f 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 746f 2065 6e61 ions, and to ena\n-0002f650: 626c 6520 226f 6e65 2d73 686f 7422 2062 ble \"one-shot\" b\n-0002f660: 6f6f 7420 6174 7465 6d70 7473 2061 6e64 oot attempts and\n-0002f670: 0a20 2020 2020 2273 6176 6564 6566 6175 . \"savedefau\n-0002f680: 6c74 2220 6265 6861 7669 6f72 2e20 202a lt\" behavior. *\n-0002f690: 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 Note Using digit\n-0002f6a0: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c al signatures::,\n-0002f6b0: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2069 for more. i\n-0002f6c0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nformation.....F\n-0002f6d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002f6e0: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c Node: loadfont,\n-0002f6f0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b Next: loopback\n-0002f700: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f61 645f 656e , Prev: load_en\n-0002f710: 762c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d v, Up: Command-\n-0002f720: 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e line and menu en\n-0002f730: 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 try commands..16\n-0002f740: 2e33 2e34 3320 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 0a2d .3.43 loadfont.-\n-0002f750: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0002f760: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f . -- Command: lo\n-0002f770: 6164 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a adfont file ....\n-0002f780: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7370 6563 6966 Load specif\n-0002f790: 6965 6420 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6573 2e20 ied font files. \n-0002f7a0: 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 6162 736f 6c75 7465 Unless absolute\n-0002f7b0: 2070 6174 686e 616d 6520 6973 2067 6976 pathname is giv\n-0002f7c0: 656e 2c20 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 6973 en, FILE. is\n-0002f7d0: 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2069 assumed to be i\n-0002f7e0: 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 2724 7072 n directory '$pr\n-0002f7f0: 6566 6978 2f66 6f6e 7473 2720 7769 7468 efix/fonts' with\n-0002f800: 2073 7566 6669 7820 272e 7066 3227 0a20 suffix '.pf2'. \n-0002f810: 2020 2020 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2e20 202a appended. *\n-0002f820: 4e6f 7465 2046 6f6e 7473 3a20 5468 656d Note Fonts: Them\n-0002f830: 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a e file format...\n-0002f840: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002f850: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 o, Node: loopba\n-0002f860: 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 732c 2020 ck, Next: ls, \n-0002f870: 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 Prev: loadfont, \n-0002f880: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0002f890: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n-0002f8a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n-0002f8b0: 3434 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 44 loopback.----\n-0002f8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002f8d0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6f6f 7062 - Command: loopb\n-0002f8e0: 6163 6b20 5b2d 645d 2064 6576 6963 6520 ack [-d] device \n-0002f8f0: 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 2074 file. Make t\n-0002f900: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 he device named \n-0002f910: 4445 5649 4345 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e DEVICE correspon\n-0002f920: 6420 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 d to the content\n-0002f930: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 s of the. fi\n-0002f940: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 2069 lesystem image i\n-0002f950: 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 n FILE. For exa\n-0002f960: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 mple:.. \n-0002f970: 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6c6f 6f70 3020 loopback loop0 \n-0002f980: 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f69 6d61 6765 0a20 /path/to/image. \n-0002f990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 7320 286c 6f6f ls (loo\n-0002f9a0: 7030 292f 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 p0)/.. With \n-0002f9b0: 7468 6520 272d 6427 206f 7074 696f 6e2c the '-d' option,\n-0002f9c0: 2064 656c 6574 6520 6120 6465 7669 6365 delete a device\n-0002f9d0: 2070 7265 7669 6f75 736c 7920 6372 6561 previously crea\n-0002f9e0: 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 0a20 ted using this. \n-0002f9f0: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 1f0a command.....\n-0002fa00: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002fa10: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 Node: ls, Nex\n-0002fa20: 743a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 2050 7265 t: lsfonts, Pre\n-0002fa30: 763a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 5570 v: loopback, Up\n-0002fa40: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n-0002fa50: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n-0002fa60: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e34 3520 mmands..16.3.45 \n-0002fa70: 6c73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 ls.----------.. \n-0002fa80: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 205b -- Command: ls [\n-0002fa90: 6172 6720 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 arg ...]. Li\n-0002faa0: 7374 2064 6576 6963 6573 206f 7220 6669 st devices or fi\n-0002fab0: 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 les... With \n-0002fac0: 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 no arguments, pr\n-0002fad0: 696e 7420 616c 6c20 6465 7669 6365 7320 int all devices \n-0002fae0: 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a known to GRUB...\n-0002faf0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 If the argu\n-0002fb00: 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6465 7669 6365 ment is a device\n-0002fb10: 206e 616d 6520 656e 636c 6f73 6564 2069 name enclosed i\n-0002fb20: 6e20 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 282a n parentheses (*\n-0002fb30: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4465 7669 6365 note. Device\n-0002fb40: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e syntax::), then\n-0002fb50: 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 print the name \n-0002fb60: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 of the filesyste\n-0002fb70: 6d20 6f66 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2064 m of that. d\n-0002fb80: 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 evice... If \n-0002fb90: 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 the argument is \n-0002fba0: 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6769 7665 a directory give\n-0002fbb0: 6e20 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 n as an absolute\n-0002fbc0: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 file name. \n-0002fbd0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 (*note File name\n-0002fbe0: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e syntax::), then\n-0002fbf0: 206c 6973 7420 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e list the conten\n-0002fc00: 7473 206f 6620 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 ts of that. \n-0002fc10: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 directory.....Fi\n-0002fc20: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002fc30: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 732c 2020 Node: lsfonts, \n-0002fc40: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 Next: lsmod, Pr\n-0002fc50: 6576 3a20 6c73 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d ev: ls, Up: Com\n-0002fc60: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 mand-line and me\n-0002fc70: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nu entry command\n-0002fc80: 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3436 206c 7366 6f6e s..16.3.46 lsfon\n-0002fc90: 7473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ts.-------------\n-0002fca0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002fcb0: 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 lsfonts. Li\n-0002fcc0: 7374 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 732e st loaded fonts.\n-0002fcd0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002fce0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 6d6f nfo, Node: lsmo\n-0002fcf0: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d64 3573 756d d, Next: md5sum\n-0002fd00: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 , Prev: lsfonts\n-0002fd10: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002fd20: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n-0002fd30: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n-0002fd40: 332e 3437 206c 736d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 3.47 lsmod.-----\n-0002fd50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002fd60: 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 736d 6f64 0a20 2020 mmand: lsmod. \n-0002fd70: 2020 5368 6f77 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206c Show list of l\n-0002fd80: 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a oaded modules...\n-0002fd90: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002fda0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d64 3573 756d o, Node: md5sum\n-0002fdb0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 6f64 756c 652c , Next: module,\n-0002fdc0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 Prev: lsmod, \n-0002fdd0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002fde0: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n-0002fdf0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e34 commands..16.3.4\n-0002fe00: 3820 6d64 3573 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 8 md5sum.-------\n-0002fe10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0002fe20: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2061 7267 mand: md5sum arg\n-0002fe30: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 .... Alias \n-0002fe40: 666f 7220 2768 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 for 'hashsum --h\n-0002fe50: 6173 6820 6d64 3520 6172 6720 2e2e 2e27 ash md5 arg ...'\n-0002fe60: 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 . See command '\n-0002fe70: 6861 7368 7375 6d27 0a20 2020 2020 282a hashsum'. (*\n-0002fe80: 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 note hashsum::) \n-0002fe90: 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 for full descrip\n-0002fea0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n-0002feb0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002fec0: 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 module, Next: \n-0002fed0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 multiboot, Prev\n-0002fee0: 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : md5sum, Up: C\n-0002fef0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n-0002ff00: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n-0002ff10: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3439 206d 6f64 nds..16.3.49 mod\n-0002ff20: 756c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ule.------------\n-0002ff30: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002ff40: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 5b2d 2d6e 6f75 6e7a module [--nounz\n-0002ff50: 6970 5d20 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 ip] file [argume\n-0002ff60: 6e74 735d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 nts]. Load a\n-0002ff70: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 6d75 6c74 module for mult\n-0002ff80: 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 iboot kernel ima\n-0002ff90: 6765 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 ge. The rest of\n-0002ffa0: 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 the line is. \n-0002ffb0: 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 passed verbati\n-0002ffc0: 6d20 6173 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 m as the module \n-0002ffd0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a1f command line....\n-0002ffe0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002fff0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 756c 7469 626f , Node: multibo\n-00030000: 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6174 6976 ot, Next: nativ\n-00030010: 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d6f edisk, Prev: mo\n-00030020: 6475 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 dule, Up: Comma\n-00030030: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 nd-line and menu\n-00030040: 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a entry commands.\n-00030050: 0a31 362e 332e 3530 206d 756c 7469 626f .16.3.50 multibo\n-00030060: 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ot.-------------\n-00030070: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00030080: 643a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 205b 2d2d d: multiboot [--\n-00030090: 7175 6972 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c 7564 6765 quirk-bad-kludge\n-000300a0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d71 ]. [--q\n-000300b0: 7569 726b 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 2d61 6674 uirk-modules-aft\n-000300c0: 6572 2d6b 6572 6e65 6c5d 2066 696c 6520 er-kernel] file \n-000300d0: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 .... Load a \n-000300e0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c multiboot kernel\n-000300f0: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 image from FILE\n-00030100: 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 . The rest of t\n-00030110: 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 he line is. \n-00030120: 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 passed verbatim \n-00030130: 6173 2074 6865 2022 6b65 726e 656c 2063 as the \"kernel c\n-00030140: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6522 2e20 2041 ommand-line\". A\n-00030150: 6e79 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 ny module must b\n-00030160: 650a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 e. reloaded \n-00030170: 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 after using this\n-00030180: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 command (*note \n-00030190: 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 module::)... \n-000301a0: 2053 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6861 Some kernels ha\n-000301b0: 7665 206b 6e6f 776e 2070 726f 626c 656d ve known problem\n-000301c0: 732e 2020 596f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 s. You need to \n-000301d0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 2d71 7569 726b 2d2a specify -quirk-*\n-000301e0: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6f73 652e for. those.\n-000301f0: 2020 2d71 7569 726b 2d62 6164 2d6b 6c75 -quirk-bad-klu\n-00030200: 6467 6520 6973 2061 2070 726f 626c 656d dge is a problem\n-00030210: 2073 6565 6e20 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c seen in several\n-00030220: 2070 726f 6475 6374 730a 2020 2020 2074 products. t\n-00030230: 6861 7420 7468 6579 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 hat they include\n-00030240: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206b 6c75 6467 6520 loading kludge \n-00030250: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7769 7468 information with\n-00030260: 2069 6e76 616c 6964 2064 6174 6120 696e invalid data in\n-00030270: 0a20 2020 2020 454c 4620 6669 6c65 2e20 . ELF file. \n-00030280: 2047 5255 4220 7072 696f 7220 746f 2030 GRUB prior to 0\n-00030290: 2e39 3720 616e 6420 736f 6d65 2063 7573 .97 and some cus\n-000302a0: 746f 6d20 6275 696c 6473 2070 7265 6665 tom builds prefe\n-000302b0: 7272 6564 2045 4c46 0a20 2020 2020 696e rred ELF. in\n-000302c0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7768 696c 6520 formation while \n-000302d0: 302e 3937 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 3220 0.97 and GRUB 2 \n-000302e0: 7573 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 2055 7365 use kludge. Use\n-000302f0: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a this option to.\n-00030300: 2020 2020 2069 676e 6f72 6520 6b6c 7564 ignore klud\n-00030310: 6765 2e20 204b 6e6f 776e 2061 6666 6563 ge. Known affec\n-00030320: 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a 206f 6c64 ted systems: old\n-00030330: 2053 6f6c 6172 6973 2c20 536b 794f 532e Solaris, SkyOS.\n-00030340: 0a0a 2020 2020 202d 7175 6972 6b2d 6d6f .. -quirk-mo\n-00030350: 6475 6c65 732d 6166 7465 722d 6b65 726e dules-after-kern\n-00030360: 656c 2069 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 el is needed for\n-00030370: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2077 6869 6368 206c kernels which l\n-00030380: 6f61 6420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c61 oad at. rela\n-00030390: 7469 7665 6c79 2068 6967 6820 6164 6472 tively high addr\n-000303a0: 6573 7320 652e 672e 2020 3136 4d69 4220 ess e.g. 16MiB \n-000303b0: 6d61 726b 2061 6e64 2063 616e 2774 2063 mark and can't c\n-000303c0: 6f70 6520 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f ope with. mo\n-000303d0: 6475 6c65 7320 7374 7566 6665 6420 6265 dules stuffed be\n-000303e0: 7477 6565 6e20 314d 6942 206d 6172 6b20 tween 1MiB mark \n-000303f0: 616e 6420 6265 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 and beginning of\n-00030400: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 the kernel.. \n-00030410: 2020 4b6e 6f77 6e20 6166 6674 6563 7465 Known afftecte\n-00030420: 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a 2056 4d57 6172 d systems: VMWar\n-00030430: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-00030440: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e61 .info, Node: na\n-00030450: 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 204e 6578 743a tivedisk, Next:\n-00030460: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 normal, Prev: \n-00030470: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 multiboot, Up: \n-00030480: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n-00030490: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n-000304a0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e35 3120 6e61 ands..16.3.51 na\n-000304b0: 7469 7665 6469 736b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tivedisk.-------\n-000304c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-000304d0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 Command: native\n-000304e0: 6469 736b 0a20 2020 2020 5377 6974 6368 disk. Switch\n-000304f0: 2066 726f 6d20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 from firmware d\n-00030500: 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6572 7320 746f 206e isk drivers to n\n-00030510: 6174 6976 6520 6f6e 6573 2e20 2052 6561 ative ones. Rea\n-00030520: 6c6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 2020 lly useful. \n-00030530: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d only on platform\n-00030540: 7320 7768 6572 6520 626f 7468 2066 6972 s where both fir\n-00030550: 6d77 6172 6520 616e 6420 6e61 7469 7665 mware and native\n-00030560: 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2061 7265 disk drives are\n-00030570: 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e . available.\n-00030580: 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6933 3836 Currently i386\n-00030590: 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d 6566 692c 2069 -pc, i386-efi, i\n-000305a0: 3338 362d 6965 6565 3132 3735 2061 6e64 386-ieee1275 and\n-000305b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 . x86_64-efi\n-000305c0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000305d0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 info, Node: nor\n-000305e0: 6d61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e6f 726d mal, Next: norm\n-000305f0: 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 al_exit, Prev: \n-00030600: 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 2055 703a nativedisk, Up:\n-00030610: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e Command-line an\n-00030620: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d d menu entry com\n-00030630: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3532 206e mands..16.3.52 n\n-00030640: 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ormal.----------\n-00030650: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00030660: 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 5b66 696c 655d d: normal [file]\n-00030670: 0a20 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d . Enter norm\n-00030680: 616c 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 6469 7370 al mode and disp\n-00030690: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d 656e lay the GRUB men\n-000306a0: 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 6e6f 726d u... In norm\n-000306b0: 616c 206d 6f64 652c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 al mode, command\n-000306c0: 732c 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f s, filesystem mo\n-000306d0: 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2063 7279 7074 dules, and crypt\n-000306e0: 6f67 7261 7068 790a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 ography. mod\n-000306f0: 756c 6573 2061 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 ules are automat\n-00030700: 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 642c 2061 ically loaded, a\n-00030710: 6e64 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c20 4752 5542 nd the full GRUB\n-00030720: 2073 6372 6970 7420 7061 7273 6572 0a20 script parser. \n-00030730: 2020 2020 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 is available\n-00030740: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 756c 6573 . Other modules\n-00030750: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6578 706c 6963 6974 may be explicit\n-00030760: 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e 670a ly loaded using.\n-00030770: 2020 2020 2027 696e 736d 6f64 2720 282a 'insmod' (*\n-00030780: 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2e0a note insmod::)..\n-00030790: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 2046 494c 4520 . If a FILE \n-000307a0: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e 2063 is given, then c\n-000307b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ommands will be \n-000307c0: 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6174 2066 read from that f\n-000307d0: 696c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 ile.. Otherw\n-000307e0: 6973 652c 2074 6865 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 ise, they will b\n-000307f0: 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 2724 7072 e read from '$pr\n-00030800: 6566 6978 2f67 7275 622e 6366 6727 2069 efix/grub.cfg' i\n-00030810: 6620 6974 2065 7869 7374 732e 0a0a 2020 f it exists... \n-00030820: 2020 2027 6e6f 726d 616c 2720 6d61 7920 'normal' may \n-00030830: 6265 2063 616c 6c65 6420 6672 6f6d 2077 be called from w\n-00030840: 6974 6869 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 ithin normal mod\n-00030850: 652c 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 6e65 e, creating a ne\n-00030860: 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f sted. enviro\n-00030870: 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6d6f nment. It is mo\n-00030880: 7265 2075 7375 616c 2074 6f20 7573 6520 re usual to use \n-00030890: 2763 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6527 2028 2a6e 'configfile' (*n\n-000308a0: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 ote. configf\n-000308b0: 696c 653a 3a29 2066 6f72 2074 6869 732e ile::) for this.\n-000308c0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000308d0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d nfo, Node: norm\n-000308e0: 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 al_exit, Next: \n-000308f0: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 2050 7265 763a parttool, Prev:\n-00030900: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f normal, Up: Co\n-00030910: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n-00030920: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n-00030930: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e35 3320 6e6f 726d ds..16.3.53 norm\n-00030940: 616c 5f65 7869 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d al_exit.--------\n-00030950: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00030960: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c Command: normal\n-00030970: 5f65 7869 740a 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 _exit. Exit \n-00030980: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f normal mode (*no\n-00030990: 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2049 te normal::). I\n-000309a0: 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 6520 f this instance \n-000309b0: 6f66 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a20 of normal mode. \n-000309c0: 2020 2020 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 6e65 7374 was not nest\n-000309d0: 6564 2077 6974 6869 6e20 616e 6f74 6865 ed within anothe\n-000309e0: 7220 6f6e 652c 2074 6865 6e20 7265 7475 r one, then retu\n-000309f0: 726e 2074 6f20 7265 7363 7565 206d 6f64 rn to rescue mod\n-00030a00: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-00030a10: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 .info, Node: pa\n-00030a20: 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 rttool, Next: p\n-00030a30: 6173 7377 6f72 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 assword, Prev: \n-00030a40: 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 5570 normal_exit, Up\n-00030a50: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n-00030a60: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n-00030a70: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e35 3420 mmands..16.3.54 \n-00030a80: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d parttool.-------\n-00030a90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00030aa0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c ommand: parttool\n-00030ab0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 partition comma\n-00030ac0: 6e64 730a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 7661 nds. Make va\n-00030ad0: 7269 6f75 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 rious modificati\n-00030ae0: 6f6e 7320 746f 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ons to partition\n-00030af0: 2074 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a table entries..\n-00030b00: 0a20 2020 2020 4561 6368 2043 4f4d 4d41 . Each COMMA\n-00030b10: 4e44 2069 7320 6569 7468 6572 2061 2062 ND is either a b\n-00030b20: 6f6f 6c65 616e 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 oolean option, i\n-00030b30: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 n which case it \n-00030b40: 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c must be. fol\n-00030b50: 6c6f 7765 6420 7769 7468 2027 2b27 206f lowed with '+' o\n-00030b60: 7220 272d 2720 2877 6974 6820 6e6f 2069 r '-' (with no i\n-00030b70: 6e74 6572 7665 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 6365 ntervening space\n-00030b80: 2920 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6f72 0a20 ) to enable or. \n-00030b90: 2020 2020 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6174 disable that\n-00030ba0: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 656c 7365 option, or else\n-00030bb0: 2069 7420 7461 6b65 7320 6120 7661 6c75 it takes a valu\n-00030bc0: 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d0a 2020 e in the form. \n-00030bd0: 2020 2027 434f 4d4d 414e 443d 5641 4c55 'COMMAND=VALU\n-00030be0: 4527 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4375 7272 656e E'... Curren\n-00030bf0: 746c 792c 2027 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2720 tly, 'parttool' \n-00030c00: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 206f is only useful o\n-00030c10: 6e20 444f 5320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 n DOS partition \n-00030c20: 7461 626c 6573 2028 616c 736f 0a20 2020 tables (also. \n-00030c30: 2020 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6173 204d 6173 7465 known as Maste\n-00030c40: 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 642c 206f r Boot Record, o\n-00030c50: 7220 4d42 5229 2e20 4f6e 2074 6865 7365 r MBR). On these\n-00030c60: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 partition table\n-00030c70: 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 666f 6c6c s,. the foll\n-00030c80: 6f77 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 owing commands a\n-00030c90: 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 3a0a 0a20 re available:.. \n-00030ca0: 2020 2020 2762 6f6f 7427 2028 626f 6f6c 'boot' (bool\n-00030cb0: 6561 6e29 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 ean). W\n-00030cc0: 6865 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 642c 2074 6869 hen enabled, thi\n-00030cd0: 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7365 6c65 s makes the sele\n-00030ce0: 6374 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 cted partition b\n-00030cf0: 6520 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 e the active. \n-00030d00: 2020 2020 2020 2028 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 (bootable\n-00030d10: 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2069 ) partition on i\n-00030d20: 7473 2064 6973 6b2c 2063 6c65 6172 696e ts disk, clearin\n-00030d30: 6720 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2066 6c61 g the active fla\n-00030d40: 6720 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 g on. a\n-00030d50: 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2070 6172 7469 7469 ll other partiti\n-00030d60: 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 ons. This comma\n-00030d70: 6e64 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f nd is limited to\n-00030d80: 205f 7072 696d 6172 795f 0a20 2020 2020 _primary_. \n-00030d90: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e partitions.\n-00030da0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 7479 7065 2720 2876 .. 'type' (v\n-00030db0: 616c 7565 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 alue). \n-00030dc0: 4368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2074 7970 6520 Change the type \n-00030dd0: 6f66 2061 6e20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2070 of an existing p\n-00030de0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 artition. The v\n-00030df0: 616c 7565 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 0a20 alue must be a. \n-00030e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 number \n-00030e10: 696e 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 2030 2d30 in the range 0-0\n-00030e20: 7846 4620 2870 7265 6669 7820 7769 7468 xFF (prefix with\n-00030e30: 2027 3078 2720 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2069 '0x' to enter i\n-00030e40: 7420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 t in. h\n-00030e50: 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 292e 0a0a 2020 exadecimal)... \n-00030e60: 2020 2027 6869 6464 656e 2720 2862 6f6f 'hidden' (boo\n-00030e70: 6c65 616e 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lean). \n-00030e80: 5768 656e 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2c20 7468 When enabled, th\n-00030e90: 6973 2068 6964 6573 2074 6865 2073 656c is hides the sel\n-00030ea0: 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 ected partition \n-00030eb0: 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 by setting the. \n-00030ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6869 6464 656e \"hidden\n-00030ed0: 2220 6269 7420 696e 2069 7473 2070 6172 \" bit in its par\n-00030ee0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 tition type code\n-00030ef0: 3b20 7768 656e 2064 6973 6162 6c65 642c ; when disabled,\n-00030f00: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e68 6964 . unhid\n-00030f10: 6573 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 es the selected \n-00030f20: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6279 2063 6c65 partition by cle\n-00030f30: 6172 696e 6720 7468 6973 2062 6974 2e20 aring this bit. \n-00030f40: 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 2020 This is. \n-00030f50: 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2077 useful only w\n-00030f60: 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 444f 5320 hen booting DOS \n-00030f70: 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2061 6e64 206d or Windows and m\n-00030f80: 756c 7469 706c 6520 7072 696d 6172 790a ultiple primary.\n-00030f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4641 5420 7061 FAT pa\n-00030fa0: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2065 7869 7374 2069 rtitions exist i\n-00030fb0: 6e20 6f6e 6520 6469 736b 2e20 2053 6565 n one disk. See\n-00030fc0: 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 also *note. \n-00030fd0: 2020 2020 2020 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 DOS/Window\n-00030fe0: 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 s::.....File: gr\n-00030ff0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00031000: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a password, Next:\n-00031010: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 password_pbkdf2\n-00031020: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f , Prev: parttoo\n-00031030: 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d l, Up: Command-\n-00031040: 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e line and menu en\n-00031050: 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 try commands..16\n-00031060: 2e33 2e35 3520 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a2d .3.55 password.-\n-00031070: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00031080: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 . -- Command: pa\n-00031090: 7373 776f 7264 2075 7365 7220 636c 6561 ssword user clea\n-000310a0: 722d 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a20 2020 2020 r-password. \n-000310b0: 4465 6669 6e65 2061 2075 7365 7220 6e61 Define a user na\n-000310c0: 6d65 6420 5553 4552 2077 6974 6820 7061 med USER with pa\n-000310d0: 7373 776f 7264 2043 4c45 4152 2d50 4153 ssword CLEAR-PAS\n-000310e0: 5357 4f52 442e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 SWORD. *Note. \n-000310f0: 2020 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a Security::...\n-00031100: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00031110: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f o, Node: passwo\n-00031120: 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322c 2020 4e65 7874 rd_pbkdf2, Next\n-00031130: 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 : play, Prev: p\n-00031140: 6173 7377 6f72 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f assword, Up: Co\n-00031150: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n-00031160: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n-00031170: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e35 3620 7061 7373 ds..16.3.56 pass\n-00031180: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 320a 2d2d 2d2d word_pbkdf2.----\n+0002b990: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002b9a0: 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2064 6576 cryptomount dev\n+0002b9b0: 6963 657c 2d75 2075 7569 647c 2d61 7c2d ice|-u uuid|-a|-\n+0002b9c0: 620a 2020 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 6363 b. Setup acc\n+0002b9d0: 6573 7320 746f 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 ess to encrypted\n+0002b9e0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 206e 6563 device. If nec\n+0002b9f0: 6573 7361 7279 2c20 7061 7373 7068 7261 essary, passphra\n+0002ba00: 7365 2069 730a 2020 2020 2072 6571 7565 se is. reque\n+0002ba10: 7374 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 sted interactive\n+0002ba20: 6c79 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e20 4445 5649 ly. Option DEVI\n+0002ba30: 4345 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 7370 CE configures sp\n+0002ba40: 6563 6966 6963 2067 7275 620a 2020 2020 ecific grub. \n+0002ba50: 2064 6576 6963 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e device (*note N\n+0002ba60: 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e aming convention\n+0002ba70: 3a3a 293b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 272d 7527 ::); option '-u'\n+0002ba80: 2055 5549 4420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 UUID configures\n+0002ba90: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 2077 6974 . device wit\n+0002baa0: 6820 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 5555 4944 h specified UUID\n+0002bab0: 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2027 2d61 2720 636f ; option '-a' co\n+0002bac0: 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2061 6c6c 2064 6574 nfigures all det\n+0002bad0: 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 ected. encry\n+0002bae0: 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6573 3b20 6f70 pted devices; op\n+0002baf0: 7469 6f6e 2027 2d62 2720 636f 6e66 6967 tion '-b' config\n+0002bb00: 7572 6573 2061 6c6c 2067 656c 6920 636f ures all geli co\n+0002bb10: 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2074 6861 740a 2020 ntainers that. \n+0002bb20: 2020 2068 6176 6520 626f 6f74 2066 6c61 have boot fla\n+0002bb30: 6720 7365 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 g set... GRU\n+0002bb40: 4220 7375 706f 7274 7320 6465 7669 6365 B suports device\n+0002bb50: 7320 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 7573 696e s encrypted usin\n+0002bb60: 6720 4c55 4b53 2c20 4c55 4b53 3220 616e g LUKS, LUKS2 an\n+0002bb70: 6420 6765 6c69 2e20 204e 6f74 650a 2020 d geli. Note. \n+0002bb80: 2020 2074 6861 7420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 that necessar\n+0002bb90: 7920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 284c 554b 532c y modules (LUKS,\n+0002bba0: 204c 554b 5332 2061 6e64 2047 454c 4929 LUKS2 and GELI)\n+0002bbb0: 2068 6176 6520 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 have to be load\n+0002bbc0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 ed. manually\n+0002bbd0: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6973 2063 6f6d before this com\n+0002bbe0: 6d61 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 mand can be used\n+0002bbf0: 2e20 2046 6f72 204c 554b 5332 206f 6e6c . For LUKS2 onl\n+0002bc00: 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2050 424b 4446 y the. PBKDF\n+0002bc10: 3220 6b65 7920 6465 7269 7661 7469 6f6e 2 key derivation\n+0002bc20: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2073 7570 function is sup\n+0002bc30: 706f 7274 6564 2c20 6173 2041 7267 6f6e ported, as Argon\n+0002bc40: 3220 6973 206e 6f74 2079 6574 0a20 2020 2 is not yet. \n+0002bc50: 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 supported... \n+0002bc60: 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 Also, note th\n+0002bc70: 6174 2c20 756e 6c69 6b65 2066 696c 6573 at, unlike files\n+0002bc80: 7973 7465 6d20 5555 4944 732c 2055 5549 ystem UUIDs, UUI\n+0002bc90: 4473 2066 6f72 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 Ds for encrypted\n+0002bca0: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 7320 6d75 . devices mu\n+0002bcb0: 7374 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 st be specified \n+0002bcc0: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6461 7368 2073 6570 without dash sep\n+0002bcd0: 6172 6174 6f72 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 arators.....File\n+0002bce0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002bcf0: 6465 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2c20 204e 6578 de: cutmem, Nex\n+0002bd00: 743a 2064 6174 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: date, Prev: \n+0002bd10: 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5570 cryptomount, Up\n+0002bd20: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n+0002bd30: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n+0002bd40: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 3020 mmands..16.3.20 \n+0002bd50: 6375 746d 656d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cutmem.---------\n+0002bd60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0002bd70: 6e64 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2066 726f 6d5b nd: cutmem from[\n+0002bd80: 4b7c 4d7c 475d 2074 6f5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d K|M|G] to[K|M|G]\n+0002bd90: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 6e79 . Remove any\n+0002bda0: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 memory regions \n+0002bdb0: 696e 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 616e in specified ran\n+0002bdc0: 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 ge... This c\n+0002bdd0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 ommand notifies \n+0002bde0: 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 the memory manag\n+0002bdf0: 6572 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 er that specifie\n+0002be00: 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 d regions of. \n+0002be10: 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 RAM ought to b\n+0002be20: 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 2e20 e filtered out. \n+0002be30: 2054 6869 7320 7265 6d61 696e 7320 696e This remains in\n+0002be40: 2065 6666 6563 7420 6166 7465 7220 610a effect after a.\n+0002be50: 2020 2020 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 payload ker\n+0002be60: 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 nel has been loa\n+0002be70: 6465 6420 6279 2047 5255 422c 2061 7320 ded by GRUB, as \n+0002be80: 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 long as the load\n+0002be90: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 206f ed. kernel o\n+0002bea0: 6274 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 btains its memor\n+0002beb0: 7920 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422e y map from GRUB.\n+0002bec0: 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 7375 Kernels that su\n+0002bed0: 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 pport this. \n+0002bee0: 696e 636c 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 782c 2047 include Linux, G\n+0002bef0: 4e55 204d 6163 682c 2074 6865 206b 6572 NU Mach, the ker\n+0002bf00: 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 2061 nel of FreeBSD a\n+0002bf10: 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 nd Multiboot. \n+0002bf20: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2067 656e kernels in gen\n+0002bf30: 6572 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 eral... The \n+0002bf40: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2073 696d 696c command is simil\n+0002bf50: 6172 2074 6f20 2762 6164 7261 6d27 2063 ar to 'badram' c\n+0002bf60: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f ommand... No\n+0002bf70: 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 te: The command \n+0002bf80: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 is not allowed w\n+0002bf90: 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 hen lockdown is \n+0002bfa0: 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a enforced (*note.\n+0002bfb0: 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 Lockdown::)\n+0002bfc0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7072 6576 656e 7473 . This prevents\n+0002bfd0: 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 4546 4920 6d65 removing EFI me\n+0002bfe0: 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a mory regions to.\n+0002bff0: 2020 2020 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 potentially\n+0002c000: 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2073 6563 subvert the sec\n+0002c010: 7572 6974 7920 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 urity mechanisms\n+0002c020: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 provided by the\n+0002c030: 2055 4546 490a 2020 2020 2073 6563 7572 UEFI. secur\n+0002c040: 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a e boot.....File:\n+0002c050: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002c060: 653a 2064 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: date, Next: \n+0002c070: 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 2050 7265 devicetree, Pre\n+0002c080: 763a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 v: cutmem, Up: \n+0002c090: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+0002c0a0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+0002c0b0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 3120 6461 ands..16.3.21 da\n+0002c0c0: 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a te.------------.\n+0002c0d0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6461 . -- Command: da\n+0002c0e0: 7465 205b 5b79 6561 722d 5d6d 6f6e 7468 te [[year-]month\n+0002c0f0: 2d64 6179 5d20 5b68 6f75 723a 6d69 6e75 -day] [hour:minu\n+0002c100: 7465 5b3a 7365 636f 6e64 5d5d 0a20 2020 te[:second]]. \n+0002c110: 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 With no argume\n+0002c120: 6e74 732c 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2063 nts, print the c\n+0002c130: 7572 7265 6e74 2064 6174 6520 616e 6420 urrent date and \n+0002c140: 7469 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 time... Othe\n+0002c150: 7277 6973 652c 2074 616b 6520 7468 6520 rwise, take the \n+0002c160: 6375 7272 656e 7420 6461 7465 2061 6e64 current date and\n+0002c170: 2074 696d 652c 2063 6861 6e67 6520 616e time, change an\n+0002c180: 7920 656c 656d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 y elements. \n+0002c190: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2061 7267 specified as arg\n+0002c1a0: 756d 656e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 uments, and set \n+0002c1b0: 7468 6520 7265 7375 6c74 2061 7320 7468 the result as th\n+0002c1c0: 6520 6e65 7720 6461 7465 2061 6e64 0a20 e new date and. \n+0002c1d0: 2020 2020 7469 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 time. For e\n+0002c1e0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 2764 6174 6520 3031 xample, 'date 01\n+0002c1f0: 2d30 3127 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 7468 -01' will set th\n+0002c200: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6d6f 6e74 6820 e current month \n+0002c210: 616e 6420 6461 790a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 and day. to \n+0002c220: 4a61 6e75 6172 7920 312c 2062 7574 206c January 1, but l\n+0002c230: 6561 7665 2074 6865 2079 6561 722c 2068 eave the year, h\n+0002c240: 6f75 722c 206d 696e 7574 652c 2061 6e64 our, minute, and\n+0002c250: 2073 6563 6f6e 640a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 second. unc\n+0002c260: 6861 6e67 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a hanged.....File:\n+0002c270: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002c280: 653a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c 2020 e: devicetree, \n+0002c290: 4e65 7874 3a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 2c20 Next: distrust, \n+0002c2a0: 2050 7265 763a 2064 6174 652c 2020 5570 Prev: date, Up\n+0002c2b0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n+0002c2c0: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n+0002c2d0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 3220 mmands..16.3.22 \n+0002c2e0: 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d devicetree.-----\n+0002c2f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0002c300: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6465 7669 -- Command: devi\n+0002c310: 6365 7472 6565 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 cetree file. \n+0002c320: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 7669 6365 2074 Load a device t\n+0002c330: 7265 6520 626c 6f62 2028 2e64 7462 2920 ree blob (.dtb) \n+0002c340: 6672 6f6d 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 from a filesyste\n+0002c350: 6d2c 2066 6f72 206c 6174 6572 2075 7365 m, for later use\n+0002c360: 2062 790a 2020 2020 2061 204c 696e 7578 by. a Linux\n+0002c370: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 446f 6573 206e kernel. Does n\n+0002c380: 6f74 2070 6572 666f 726d 206d 6572 6769 ot perform mergi\n+0002c390: 6e67 2077 6974 6820 616e 7920 6465 7669 ng with any devi\n+0002c3a0: 6365 2074 7265 650a 2020 2020 2073 7570 ce tree. sup\n+0002c3b0: 706c 6965 6420 6279 2066 6972 6d77 6172 plied by firmwar\n+0002c3c0: 652c 2062 7574 2072 6174 6865 7220 7265 e, but rather re\n+0002c3d0: 706c 6163 6573 2069 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 places it comple\n+0002c3e0: 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 tely... Note\n+0002c3f0: 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 : The command is\n+0002c400: 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 not allowed whe\n+0002c410: 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e n lockdown is en\n+0002c420: 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 forced (*note. \n+0002c430: 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 Lockdown::). \n+0002c440: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 746f This is done to\n+0002c450: 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 7562 7665 7274 prevent subvert\n+0002c460: 696e 6720 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7365 6375 ing various secu\n+0002c470: 7269 7479 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e rity. mechan\n+0002c480: 6973 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 isms.....File: g\n+0002c490: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002c4a0: 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 4e65 7874 distrust, Next\n+0002c4b0: 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 2050 7265 : drivemap, Pre\n+0002c4c0: 763a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c 2020 v: devicetree, \n+0002c4d0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0002c4e0: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n+0002c4f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 commands..16.3.2\n+0002c500: 3320 6469 7374 7275 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 3 distrust.-----\n+0002c510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0002c520: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6469 7374 7275 Command: distru\n+0002c530: 7374 2070 7562 6b65 795f 6964 0a20 2020 st pubkey_id. \n+0002c540: 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2070 7562 6c69 6320 Remove public \n+0002c550: 6b65 7920 5055 424b 4559 5f49 4420 6672 key PUBKEY_ID fr\n+0002c560: 6f6d 2047 5255 4227 7320 6b65 7972 696e om GRUB's keyrin\n+0002c570: 6720 6f66 2074 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 g of trusted key\n+0002c580: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5055 424b 4559 5f49 s.. PUBKEY_I\n+0002c590: 4420 6973 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 666f D is the last fo\n+0002c5a0: 7572 2062 7974 6573 2028 6569 6768 7420 ur bytes (eight \n+0002c5b0: 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 hexadecimal digi\n+0002c5c0: 7473 2920 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ts) of the. \n+0002c5d0: 4750 4720 7634 206b 6579 2069 642c 2077 GPG v4 key id, w\n+0002c5e0: 6869 6368 2069 7320 616c 736f 2074 6865 hich is also the\n+0002c5f0: 206f 7574 7075 7420 6f66 2027 6c69 7374 output of 'list\n+0002c600: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 _trusted' (*note\n+0002c610: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 . list_trust\n+0002c620: 6564 3a3a 292e 2020 4f75 7473 6964 6520 ed::). Outside \n+0002c630: 6f66 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 206b 6579 of GRUB, the key\n+0002c640: 2069 6420 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6274 6169 id can be obtai\n+0002c650: 6e65 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 2027 ned using. '\n+0002c660: 6770 6720 2d2d 6669 6e67 6572 7072 696e gpg --fingerprin\n+0002c670: 7427 292e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6b65 7973 t'). These keys\n+0002c680: 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2076 616c are used to val\n+0002c690: 6964 6174 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 idate signatures\n+0002c6a0: 0a20 2020 2020 7768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 . when envir\n+0002c6b0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n+0002c6c0: 2763 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 'check_signature\n+0002c6d0: 7327 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2027 656e s' is set to 'en\n+0002c6e0: 666f 7263 6527 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f force'. (*no\n+0002c6f0: 7465 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 te check_signatu\n+0002c700: 7265 733a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 6279 2073 res::), and by s\n+0002c710: 6f6d 6520 696e 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 ome invocations \n+0002c720: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2776 6572 6966 795f of. 'verify_\n+0002c730: 6465 7461 6368 6564 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 detached' (*note\n+0002c740: 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 verify_detached\n+0002c750: 3a3a 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e ::). *Note Usin\n+0002c760: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 g digital. s\n+0002c770: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 ignatures::, for\n+0002c780: 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f more informatio\n+0002c790: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n+0002c7a0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6472 .info, Node: dr\n+0002c7b0: 6976 656d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 ivemap, Next: e\n+0002c7c0: 6368 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6469 7374 cho, Prev: dist\n+0002c7d0: 7275 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 rust, Up: Comma\n+0002c7e0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 nd-line and menu\n+0002c7f0: 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a entry commands.\n+0002c800: 0a31 362e 332e 3234 2064 7269 7665 6d61 .16.3.24 drivema\n+0002c810: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p.--------------\n+0002c820: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002c830: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 7020 2d6c 7c2d 727c drivemap -l|-r|\n+0002c840: 5b2d 735d 2066 726f 6d5f 6472 6976 6520 [-s] from_drive \n+0002c850: 746f 5f64 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 5769 to_drive. Wi\n+0002c860: 7468 6f75 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 206d thout options, m\n+0002c870: 6170 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2046 524f ap the drive FRO\n+0002c880: 4d5f 4452 4956 4520 746f 2074 6865 2064 M_DRIVE to the d\n+0002c890: 7269 7665 2054 4f5f 4452 4956 452e 0a20 rive TO_DRIVE.. \n+0002c8a0: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e65 6365 This is nece\n+0002c8b0: 7373 6172 7920 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2063 ssary when you c\n+0002c8c0: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 206f hain-load some o\n+0002c8d0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n+0002c8e0: 2c20 7375 6368 0a20 2020 2020 6173 2044 , such. as D\n+0002c8f0: 4f53 2c20 6966 2073 7563 6820 616e 204f OS, if such an O\n+0002c900: 5320 7265 7369 6465 7320 6174 2061 206e S resides at a n\n+0002c910: 6f6e 2d66 6972 7374 2064 7269 7665 2e20 on-first drive. \n+0002c920: 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e76 656e For. conven\n+0002c930: 6965 6e63 652c 2061 6e79 2070 6172 7469 ience, any parti\n+0002c940: 7469 6f6e 2073 7566 6669 7820 6f6e 2074 tion suffix on t\n+0002c950: 6865 2064 7269 7665 2069 7320 6967 6e6f he drive is igno\n+0002c960: 7265 642c 2073 6f20 796f 750a 2020 2020 red, so you. \n+0002c970: 2063 616e 2073 6166 656c 7920 7573 6520 can safely use \n+0002c980: 247b 726f 6f74 7d20 6173 2061 2064 7269 ${root} as a dri\n+0002c990: 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ve specification\n+0002c9a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 ... With the\n+0002c9b0: 2027 2d73 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7065 '-s' option, pe\n+0002c9c0: 7266 6f72 6d20 7468 6520 7265 7665 7273 rform the revers\n+0002c9d0: 6520 6d61 7070 696e 6720 6173 2077 656c e mapping as wel\n+0002c9e0: 6c2c 2073 7761 7070 696e 670a 2020 2020 l, swapping. \n+0002c9f0: 2074 6865 2074 776f 2064 7269 7665 732e the two drives.\n+0002ca00: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 .. With the \n+0002ca10: 272d 6c27 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206c 6973 '-l' option, lis\n+0002ca20: 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6d61 t the current ma\n+0002ca30: 7070 696e 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 ppings... Wi\n+0002ca40: 7468 2074 6865 2027 2d72 2720 6f70 7469 th the '-r' opti\n+0002ca50: 6f6e 2c20 7265 7365 7420 616c 6c20 6d61 on, reset all ma\n+0002ca60: 7070 696e 6773 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 ppings to the de\n+0002ca70: 6661 756c 7420 7661 6c75 6573 2e0a 0a20 fault values... \n+0002ca80: 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 653a For example:\n+0002ca90: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6976 .. driv\n+0002caa0: 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 2920 2868 emap -s (hd0) (h\n+0002cab0: 6431 290a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 d1)....File: gru\n+0002cac0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 b.info, Node: e\n+0002cad0: 6368 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6576 616c cho, Next: eval\n+0002cae0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 , Prev: drivema\n+0002caf0: 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d p, Up: Command-\n+0002cb00: 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e line and menu en\n+0002cb10: 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 try commands..16\n+0002cb20: 2e33 2e32 3520 6563 686f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .3.25 echo.-----\n+0002cb30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002cb40: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6563 686f 205b 2d6e 5d20 mand: echo [-n] \n+0002cb50: 5b2d 655d 2073 7472 696e 6720 2e2e 2e0a [-e] string ....\n+0002cb60: 2020 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 Display the\n+0002cb70: 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 2074 6578 7420 requested text \n+0002cb80: 616e 642c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 6520 and, unless the \n+0002cb90: 272d 6e27 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 '-n' option is u\n+0002cba0: 7365 642c 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7472 6169 sed, a. trai\n+0002cbb0: 6c69 6e67 206e 6577 206c 696e 652e 2020 ling new line. \n+0002cbc0: 4966 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6d6f 7265 If there is more\n+0002cbd0: 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 7374 7269 6e67 than one string\n+0002cbe0: 2c20 7468 6579 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 , they are. \n+0002cbf0: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 separated by spa\n+0002cc00: 6365 7320 696e 2074 6865 206f 7574 7075 ces in the outpu\n+0002cc10: 742e 2020 4173 2075 7375 616c 2069 6e20 t. As usual in \n+0002cc20: 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 0a20 GRUB commands,. \n+0002cc30: 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6d61 variables ma\n+0002cc40: 7920 6265 2073 7562 7374 6974 7574 6564 y be substituted\n+0002cc50: 2075 7369 6e67 2027 247b 7661 727d 272e using '${var}'.\n+0002cc60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 2d65 2720 .. The '-e' \n+0002cc70: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2065 6e61 626c 6573 2069 option enables i\n+0002cc80: 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 nterpretation of\n+0002cc90: 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2065 7363 6170 backslash escap\n+0002cca0: 6573 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 666f es. The. fo\n+0002ccb0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7365 7175 656e 6365 llowing sequence\n+0002ccc0: 7320 6172 6520 7265 636f 676e 6973 6564 s are recognised\n+0002ccd0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 275c 5c27 0a20 2020 :.. '\\\\'. \n+0002cce0: 2020 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 backslash\n+0002ccf0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 5c61 270a 2020 2020 .. '\\a'. \n+0002cd00: 2020 2020 2020 616c 6572 7420 2842 454c alert (BEL\n+0002cd10: 290a 0a20 2020 2020 275c 6327 0a20 2020 ).. '\\c'. \n+0002cd20: 2020 2020 2020 2073 7570 7072 6573 7320 suppress \n+0002cd30: 7472 6169 6c69 6e67 206e 6577 206c 696e trailing new lin\n+0002cd40: 650a 0a20 2020 2020 275c 6627 0a20 2020 e.. '\\f'. \n+0002cd50: 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d20 6665 6564 form feed\n+0002cd60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 5c6e 270a 2020 2020 .. '\\n'. \n+0002cd70: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a0a new line..\n+0002cd80: 2020 2020 2027 5c72 270a 2020 2020 2020 '\\r'. \n+0002cd90: 2020 2020 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 carriage ret\n+0002cda0: 7572 6e0a 0a20 2020 2020 275c 7427 0a20 urn.. '\\t'. \n+0002cdb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e horizon\n+0002cdc0: 7461 6c20 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 275c tal tab.. '\\\n+0002cdd0: 7627 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2076 6572 v'. ver\n+0002cde0: 7469 6361 6c20 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 tical tab.. \n+0002cdf0: 5768 656e 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 696e When interpretin\n+0002ce00: 6720 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 6573 6361 g backslash esca\n+0002ce10: 7065 732c 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2066 pes, backslash f\n+0002ce20: 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2061 6e79 0a20 ollowed by any. \n+0002ce30: 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7220 6368 6172 6163 other charac\n+0002ce40: 7465 7220 7769 6c6c 2070 7269 6e74 2074 ter will print t\n+0002ce50: 6861 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 722e 0a0a hat character...\n+0002ce60: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002ce70: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6576 616c 2c20 o, Node: eval, \n+0002ce80: 204e 6578 743a 2065 7870 6f72 742c 2020 Next: export, \n+0002ce90: 5072 6576 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 2055 703a Prev: echo, Up:\n+0002cea0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e Command-line an\n+0002ceb0: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d d menu entry com\n+0002cec0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3236 2065 mands..16.3.26 e\n+0002ced0: 7661 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d val.------------\n+0002cee0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 .. -- Command: e\n+0002cef0: 7661 6c20 7374 7269 6e67 202e 2e2e 0a20 val string .... \n+0002cf00: 2020 2020 436f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6520 Concatenate \n+0002cf10: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 746f 6765 7468 arguments togeth\n+0002cf20: 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2073 696e 676c 6520 er using single \n+0002cf30: 7370 6163 6520 6173 2073 6570 6172 6174 space as separat\n+0002cf40: 6f72 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6576 616c or and. eval\n+0002cf50: 7561 7465 2072 6573 756c 7420 6173 2073 uate result as s\n+0002cf60: 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2047 5255 4220 equence of GRUB \n+0002cf70: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c commands.....Fil\n+0002cf80: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002cf90: 6f64 653a 2065 7870 6f72 742c 2020 4e65 ode: export, Ne\n+0002cfa0: 7874 3a20 6661 6c73 652c 2020 5072 6576 xt: false, Prev\n+0002cfb0: 3a20 6576 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d : eval, Up: Com\n+0002cfc0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 mand-line and me\n+0002cfd0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nu entry command\n+0002cfe0: 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3237 2065 7870 6f72 s..16.3.27 expor\n+0002cff0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n+0002d000: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 .. -- Command: e\n+0002d010: 7870 6f72 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 2020 xport envvar. \n+0002d020: 2020 4578 706f 7274 2074 6865 2065 6e76 Export the env\n+0002d030: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+0002d040: 6520 454e 5656 4152 2e20 2045 7870 6f72 e ENVVAR. Expor\n+0002d050: 7465 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 ted variables ar\n+0002d060: 650a 2020 2020 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2074 e. visible t\n+0002d070: 6f20 7375 6273 6964 6961 7279 2063 6f6e o subsidiary con\n+0002d080: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 figuration files\n+0002d090: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 loaded using. \n+0002d0a0: 2020 2027 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 272e 'configfile'.\n+0002d0b0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002d0c0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c73 nfo, Node: fals\n+0002d0d0: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6765 7474 6578 e, Next: gettex\n+0002d0e0: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6578 706f 7274 t, Prev: export\n+0002d0f0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0002d100: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n+0002d110: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n+0002d120: 332e 3238 2066 616c 7365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 3.28 false.-----\n+0002d130: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002d140: 6d6d 616e 643a 2066 616c 7365 0a20 2020 mmand: false. \n+0002d150: 2020 446f 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 756e Do nothing, un\n+0002d160: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2e20 2054 successfully. T\n+0002d170: 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 7573 his is mainly us\n+0002d180: 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a eful in control.\n+0002d190: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 7320 constructs \n+0002d1a0: 7375 6368 2061 7320 2769 6627 2061 6e64 such as 'if' and\n+0002d1b0: 2027 7768 696c 6527 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 'while' (*note \n+0002d1c0: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n+0002d1d0: 7469 6e67 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ting::).....File\n+0002d1e0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002d1f0: 6465 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 4e65 de: gettext, Ne\n+0002d200: 7874 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 5072 xt: gptsync, Pr\n+0002d210: 6576 3a20 6661 6c73 652c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: false, Up: \n+0002d220: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+0002d230: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+0002d240: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e32 3920 6765 ands..16.3.29 ge\n+0002d250: 7474 6578 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ttext.----------\n+0002d260: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0002d270: 6e64 3a20 6765 7474 6578 7420 7374 7269 nd: gettext stri\n+0002d280: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5472 616e 736c 6174 ng. Translat\n+0002d290: 6520 5354 5249 4e47 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 e STRING into th\n+0002d2a0: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 e current langua\n+0002d2b0: 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6375 ge... The cu\n+0002d2c0: 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 rrent language c\n+0002d2d0: 6f64 6520 6973 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e ode is stored in\n+0002d2e0: 2074 6865 2027 6c61 6e67 2720 7661 7269 the 'lang' vari\n+0002d2f0: 6162 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 able in. GRU\n+0002d300: 4227 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 B's environment \n+0002d310: 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 616e 673a 3a29 2e20 (*note lang::). \n+0002d320: 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c Translation fil\n+0002d330: 6573 2069 6e20 4d4f 2066 6f72 6d61 740a es in MO format.\n+0002d340: 2020 2020 2061 7265 2072 6561 6420 6672 are read fr\n+0002d350: 6f6d 2027 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2720 om 'locale_dir' \n+0002d360: 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 (*note locale_di\n+0002d370: 723a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 r::), usually. \n+0002d380: 2020 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6c '/boot/grub/l\n+0002d390: 6f63 616c 6527 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ocale'.....File:\n+0002d3a0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002d3b0: 653a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 204e 6578 e: gptsync, Nex\n+0002d3c0: 743a 2068 616c 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: halt, Prev: \n+0002d3d0: 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f gettext, Up: Co\n+0002d3e0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n+0002d3f0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n+0002d400: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 3020 6770 7473 ds..16.3.30 gpts\n+0002d410: 796e 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ync.------------\n+0002d420: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0002d430: 3a20 6770 7473 796e 6320 6465 7669 6365 : gptsync device\n+0002d440: 205b 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e5b 2b2f 2d5b [partition[+/-[\n+0002d450: 7479 7065 5d5d 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 type]]] .... \n+0002d460: 2044 6973 6b73 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 Disks using the\n+0002d470: 2047 5549 4420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 GUID Partition \n+0002d480: 5461 626c 6520 2847 5054 2920 616c 736f Table (GPT) also\n+0002d490: 2068 6176 6520 6120 6c65 6761 6379 0a20 have a legacy. \n+0002d4a0: 2020 2020 4d61 7374 6572 2042 6f6f 7420 Master Boot \n+0002d4b0: 5265 636f 7264 2028 4d42 5229 2070 6172 Record (MBR) par\n+0002d4c0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 tition table for\n+0002d4d0: 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2077 compatibility w\n+0002d4e0: 6974 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 2042 494f ith the. BIO\n+0002d4f0: 5320 616e 6420 7769 7468 206f 6c64 6572 S and with older\n+0002d500: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+0002d510: 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6567 6163 7920 ms. The legacy \n+0002d520: 4d42 5220 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 MBR can only. \n+0002d530: 2020 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 6120 6c69 represent a li\n+0002d540: 6d69 7465 6420 7375 6273 6574 206f 6620 mited subset of \n+0002d550: 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 656e GPT partition en\n+0002d560: 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 tries... Thi\n+0002d570: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 706f 7075 6c61 s command popula\n+0002d580: 7465 7320 7468 6520 6c65 6761 6379 204d tes the legacy M\n+0002d590: 4252 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7370 6563 BR with the spec\n+0002d5a0: 6966 6965 6420 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e0a ified PARTITION.\n+0002d5b0: 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 206f 6e20 entries on \n+0002d5c0: 4445 5649 4345 2e20 2055 7020 746f 2074 DEVICE. Up to t\n+0002d5d0: 6872 6565 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 hree partitions \n+0002d5e0: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 642e 0a0a 2020 may be used... \n+0002d5f0: 2020 2054 5950 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4d42 TYPE is an MB\n+0002d600: 5220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 R partition type\n+0002d610: 2063 6f64 653b 2070 7265 6669 7820 7769 code; prefix wi\n+0002d620: 7468 2027 3078 2720 6966 2079 6f75 2077 th '0x' if you w\n+0002d630: 616e 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7465 ant to. ente\n+0002d640: 7220 7468 6973 2069 6e20 6865 7861 6465 r this in hexade\n+0002d650: 6369 6d61 6c2e 2020 5468 6520 7365 7061 cimal. The sepa\n+0002d660: 7261 746f 7220 6265 7477 6565 6e20 5041 rator between PA\n+0002d670: 5254 4954 494f 4e20 616e 640a 2020 2020 RTITION and. \n+0002d680: 2054 5950 4520 6d61 7920 6265 2027 2b27 TYPE may be '+'\n+0002d690: 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2070 6172 to make the par\n+0002d6a0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2061 6374 6976 652c 206f tition active, o\n+0002d6b0: 7220 272d 2720 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 r '-' to make it\n+0002d6c0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6163 7469 7665 3b20 . inactive; \n+0002d6d0: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 2070 6172 7469 7469 only one partiti\n+0002d6e0: 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 6163 7469 7665 on may be active\n+0002d6f0: 2e20 2049 6620 626f 7468 2074 6865 2073 . If both the s\n+0002d700: 6570 6172 6174 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 616e eparator. an\n+0002d710: 6420 7479 7065 2061 7265 206f 6d69 7474 d type are omitt\n+0002d720: 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2070 6172 ed, then the par\n+0002d730: 7469 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 tition will be i\n+0002d740: 6e61 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 nactive.....File\n+0002d750: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002d760: 6465 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: halt, Next:\n+0002d770: 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a hashsum, Prev:\n+0002d780: 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 2055 703a 2043 gptsync, Up: C\n+0002d790: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n+0002d7a0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n+0002d7b0: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3331 2068 616c nds..16.3.31 hal\n+0002d7c0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a t.------------..\n+0002d7d0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 616c -- Command: hal\n+0002d7e0: 7420 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 706d 0a20 2020 2020 t --no-apm. \n+0002d7f0: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6861 6c74 The command halt\n+0002d800: 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e20 s the computer. \n+0002d810: 2049 6620 7468 6520 272d 2d6e 6f2d 6170 If the '--no-ap\n+0002d820: 6d27 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 0a20 2020 m' option is. \n+0002d830: 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 206e 6f20 specified, no \n+0002d840: 4150 4d20 4249 4f53 2063 616c 6c20 6973 APM BIOS call is\n+0002d850: 2070 6572 666f 726d 6564 2e20 204f 7468 performed. Oth\n+0002d860: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 erwise, the comp\n+0002d870: 7574 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2073 6875 uter. is shu\n+0002d880: 7420 646f 776e 2075 7369 6e67 2041 504d t down using APM\n+0002d890: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002d8a0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 6173 info, Node: has\n+0002d8b0: 6873 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 656c hsum, Next: hel\n+0002d8c0: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 p, Prev: halt, \n+0002d8d0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0002d8e0: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n+0002d8f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n+0002d900: 3332 2068 6173 6873 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 32 hashsum.-----\n+0002d910: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002d920: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 6173 6873 756d Command: hashsum\n+0002d930: 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6861 7368 202d 2d6b --hash hash --k\n+0002d940: 6565 702d 676f 696e 6720 2d2d 756e 636f eep-going --unco\n+0002d950: 6d70 7265 7373 202d 2d63 6865 636b 2066 mpress --check f\n+0002d960: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d ile. [-\n+0002d970: 2d70 7265 6669 7820 6469 725d 7c66 696c -prefix dir]|fil\n+0002d980: 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 e .... Compu\n+0002d990: 7465 206f 7220 7665 7269 6679 2066 696c te or verify fil\n+0002d9a0: 6520 6861 7368 6573 2e20 2048 6173 6820 e hashes. Hash \n+0002d9b0: 7479 7065 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 type is selected\n+0002d9c0: 2077 6974 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 with option. \n+0002d9d0: 2020 272d 2d68 6173 6827 2e20 2053 7570 '--hash'. Sup\n+0002d9e0: 706f 7274 6564 2068 6173 6865 7320 6172 ported hashes ar\n+0002d9f0: 653a 2027 6164 6c65 7233 3227 2c20 2763 e: 'adler32', 'c\n+0002da00: 7263 3634 272c 2027 6372 6333 3227 2c0a rc64', 'crc32',.\n+0002da10: 2020 2020 2027 6372 6333 3272 6663 3135 'crc32rfc15\n+0002da20: 3130 272c 2027 6372 6332 3472 6663 3234 10', 'crc24rfc24\n+0002da30: 3430 272c 2027 6d64 3427 2c20 276d 6435 40', 'md4', 'md5\n+0002da40: 272c 2027 7269 7065 6d64 3136 3027 2c20 ', 'ripemd160', \n+0002da50: 2773 6861 3127 2c0a 2020 2020 2027 7368 'sha1',. 'sh\n+0002da60: 6132 3234 272c 2027 7368 6132 3536 272c a224', 'sha256',\n+0002da70: 2027 7368 6135 3132 272c 2027 7368 6133 'sha512', 'sha3\n+0002da80: 3834 272c 2027 7469 6765 7231 3932 272c 84', 'tiger192',\n+0002da90: 2027 7469 6765 7227 2c0a 2020 2020 2027 'tiger',. '\n+0002daa0: 7469 6765 7232 272c 2027 7768 6972 6c70 tiger2', 'whirlp\n+0002dab0: 6f6f 6c27 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e20 272d ool'. Option '-\n+0002dac0: 2d75 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7327 2075 6e63 -uncompress' unc\n+0002dad0: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 7320 6669 6c65 730a ompresses files.\n+0002dae0: 2020 2020 2062 6566 6f72 6520 636f 6d70 before comp\n+0002daf0: 7574 696e 6720 6861 7368 2e0a 0a20 2020 uting hash... \n+0002db00: 2020 5768 656e 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 When list of f\n+0002db10: 696c 6573 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2068 iles is given, h\n+0002db20: 6173 6820 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6669 6c65 ash of each file\n+0002db30: 2069 7320 636f 6d70 7574 6564 2061 6e64 is computed and\n+0002db40: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 642c 2066 . printed, f\n+0002db50: 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2066 696c 6520 ollowed by file \n+0002db60: 6e61 6d65 2c20 6561 6368 2066 696c 6520 name, each file \n+0002db70: 6f6e 2061 206e 6577 206c 696e 652e 0a0a on a new line...\n+0002db80: 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e When option\n+0002db90: 2027 2d2d 6368 6563 6b27 2069 7320 6769 '--check' is gi\n+0002dba0: 7665 6e2c 2069 7420 706f 696e 7473 2074 ven, it points t\n+0002dbb0: 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 636f o a file that co\n+0002dbc0: 6e74 6169 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 ntains. list\n+0002dbd0: 206f 6620 4841 5348 204e 414d 4520 7061 of HASH NAME pa\n+0002dbe0: 6972 7320 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 irs in the same \n+0002dbf0: 666f 726d 6174 2061 7320 7573 6564 2062 format as used b\n+0002dc00: 7920 554e 4958 2027 6d64 3573 756d 270a y UNIX 'md5sum'.\n+0002dc10: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 204f command. O\n+0002dc20: 7074 696f 6e20 272d 2d70 7265 6669 7827 ption '--prefix'\n+0002dc30: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 may be used to \n+0002dc40: 6769 7665 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 give directory w\n+0002dc50: 6865 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7320 here. files \n+0002dc60: 6172 6520 6c6f 6361 7465 642e 2020 4861 are located. Ha\n+0002dc70: 7368 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 sh verification \n+0002dc80: 7374 6f70 7320 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 stops after the \n+0002dc90: 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 206d 6973 6d61 first. misma\n+0002dca0: 7463 6820 7761 7320 666f 756e 6420 756e tch was found un\n+0002dcb0: 6c65 7373 206f 7074 696f 6e20 272d 2d6b less option '--k\n+0002dcc0: 6565 702d 676f 696e 6727 2077 6173 2067 eep-going' was g\n+0002dcd0: 6976 656e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 iven. The. \n+0002dce0: 6578 6974 2063 6f64 6520 2724 3f27 2069 exit code '$?' i\n+0002dcf0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 2030 2069 6620 6861 s set to 0 if ha\n+0002dd00: 7368 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 sh verification \n+0002dd10: 6973 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2e 2020 is successful. \n+0002dd20: 4966 0a20 2020 2020 6974 2066 6169 6c73 If. it fails\n+0002dd30: 2c20 2724 3f27 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f , '$?' is set to\n+0002dd40: 2061 206e 6f6e 7a65 726f 2076 616c 7565 a nonzero value\n+0002dd50: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002dd60: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 656c info, Node: hel\n+0002dd70: 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 696e 6974 7264 p, Next: initrd\n+0002dd80: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 6173 6873 756d , Prev: hashsum\n+0002dd90: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0002dda0: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n+0002ddb0: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n+0002ddc0: 332e 3333 2068 656c 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 3.33 help.------\n+0002ddd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002dde0: 616e 643a 2068 656c 7020 5b70 6174 7465 and: help [patte\n+0002ddf0: 726e 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 2044 6973 rn ...]. Dis\n+0002de00: 706c 6179 2068 656c 7066 756c 2069 6e66 play helpful inf\n+0002de10: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2062 ormation about b\n+0002de20: 7569 6c74 696e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e uiltin commands.\n+0002de30: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f 740a If you do not.\n+0002de40: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 2050 4154 specify PAT\n+0002de50: 5445 524e 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 TERN, this comma\n+0002de60: 6e64 2073 686f 7773 2073 686f 7274 2064 nd shows short d\n+0002de70: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2061 escriptions of a\n+0002de80: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c ll. availabl\n+0002de90: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 e commands... \n+0002dea0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 If you specify\n+0002deb0: 2061 6e79 2050 4154 5445 524e 532c 2069 any PATTERNS, i\n+0002dec0: 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7973 206c 6f6e 6765 t displays longe\n+0002ded0: 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 r information ab\n+0002dee0: 6f75 740a 2020 2020 2065 6163 6820 6f66 out. each of\n+0002def0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7768 the commands wh\n+0002df00: 6f73 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6265 6769 6e20 ose names begin \n+0002df10: 7769 7468 2074 686f 7365 2050 4154 5445 with those PATTE\n+0002df20: 524e 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 RNS.....File: gr\n+0002df30: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0002df40: 696e 6974 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 initrd, Next: i\n+0002df50: 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 nitrd16, Prev: \n+0002df60: 6865 6c70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 help, Up: Comma\n+0002df70: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 nd-line and menu\n+0002df80: 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a entry commands.\n+0002df90: 0a31 362e 332e 3334 2069 6e69 7472 640a .16.3.34 initrd.\n+0002dfa0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0002dfb0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e69 -- Command: ini\n+0002dfc0: 7472 6420 6669 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 202e trd file [file .\n+0002dfd0: 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 642c 2069 ..]. Load, i\n+0002dfe0: 6e20 6f72 6465 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 n order, all ini\n+0002dff0: 7469 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b 7320 666f tial ramdisks fo\n+0002e000: 7220 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c r a Linux kernel\n+0002e010: 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 image, and. \n+0002e020: 2073 6574 2074 6865 2061 7070 726f 7072 set the appropr\n+0002e030: 6961 7465 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 iate parameters \n+0002e040: 696e 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 2073 6574 in the Linux set\n+0002e050: 7570 2061 7265 6120 696e 206d 656d 6f72 up area in memor\n+0002e060: 792e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 y.. This may\n+0002e070: 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6166 only be used af\n+0002e080: 7465 7220 7468 6520 276c 696e 7578 2720 ter the 'linux' \n+0002e090: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c command (*note l\n+0002e0a0: 696e 7578 3a3a 2920 6861 730a 2020 2020 inux::) has. \n+0002e0b0: 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 been run. See \n+0002e0c0: 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 2047 4e55 2f4c also *note GNU/L\n+0002e0d0: 696e 7578 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a inux::.....File:\n+0002e0e0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002e0f0: 653a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 4e65 e: initrd16, Ne\n+0002e100: 7874 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 xt: insmod, Pre\n+0002e110: 763a 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 5570 3a20 v: initrd, Up: \n+0002e120: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+0002e130: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+0002e140: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 3520 696e ands..16.3.35 in\n+0002e150: 6974 7264 3136 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d itrd16.---------\n+0002e160: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002e170: 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2066 mand: initrd16 f\n+0002e180: 696c 6520 5b66 696c 6520 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 ile [file ...]. \n+0002e190: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2c20 696e 206f 7264 Load, in ord\n+0002e1a0: 6572 2c20 616c 6c20 696e 6974 6961 6c20 er, all initial \n+0002e1b0: 7261 6d64 6973 6b73 2066 6f72 2061 204c ramdisks for a L\n+0002e1c0: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 inux kernel imag\n+0002e1d0: 6520 746f 2062 650a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f e to be. boo\n+0002e1e0: 7465 6420 696e 2031 362d 6269 7420 6d6f ted in 16-bit mo\n+0002e1f0: 6465 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 6520 de, and set the \n+0002e200: 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7061 7261 appropriate para\n+0002e210: 6d65 7465 7273 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 meters in the. \n+0002e220: 2020 204c 696e 7578 2073 6574 7570 2061 Linux setup a\n+0002e230: 7265 6120 696e 206d 656d 6f72 792e 2020 rea in memory. \n+0002e240: 5468 6973 206d 6179 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 This may only be\n+0002e250: 2075 7365 6420 6166 7465 7220 7468 650a used after the.\n+0002e260: 2020 2020 2027 6c69 6e75 7831 3627 2063 'linux16' c\n+0002e270: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 ommand (*note li\n+0002e280: 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 2068 6173 2062 6565 nux16::) has bee\n+0002e290: 6e20 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f n run. See also\n+0002e2a0: 202a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 474e 552f *note. GNU/\n+0002e2b0: 4c69 6e75 783a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 Linux::... T\n+0002e2c0: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f his command is o\n+0002e2d0: 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e nly available on\n+0002e2e0: 2078 3836 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f x86 systems....\n+0002e2f0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002e300: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c , Node: insmod,\n+0002e310: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 Next: keystatu\n+0002e320: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 696e 6974 7264 s, Prev: initrd\n+0002e330: 3136 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 16, Up: Command\n+0002e340: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 -line and menu e\n+0002e350: 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ntry commands..1\n+0002e360: 362e 332e 3336 2069 6e73 6d6f 640a 2d2d 6.3.36 insmod.--\n+0002e370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002e380: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e73 6d6f - Command: insmo\n+0002e390: 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 496e d module. In\n+0002e3a0: 7365 7274 2074 6865 2064 796e 616d 6963 sert the dynamic\n+0002e3b0: 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 616c GRUB module cal\n+0002e3c0: 6c65 6420 4d4f 4455 4c45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 led MODULE.....F\n+0002e3d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002e3e0: 204e 6f64 653a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 Node: keystatus\n+0002e3f0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 , Next: linux, \n+0002e400: 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 Prev: insmod, \n+0002e410: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0002e420: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n+0002e430: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 commands..16.3.3\n+0002e440: 3720 6b65 7973 7461 7475 730a 2d2d 2d2d 7 keystatus.----\n+0002e450: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0002e460: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6b65 7973 -- Command: keys\n+0002e470: 7461 7475 7320 5b2d 2d73 6869 6674 5d20 tatus [--shift] \n+0002e480: 5b2d 2d63 7472 6c5d 205b 2d2d 616c 745d [--ctrl] [--alt]\n+0002e490: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7475 726e 2074 7275 . Return tru\n+0002e4a0: 6520 6966 2074 6865 2053 6869 6674 2c20 e if the Shift, \n+0002e4b0: 436f 6e74 726f 6c2c 206f 7220 416c 7420 Control, or Alt \n+0002e4c0: 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 206b 6579 7320 6172 modifier keys ar\n+0002e4d0: 6520 6865 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 646f 776e e held. down\n+0002e4e0: 2c20 6173 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 2062 , as requested b\n+0002e4f0: 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 6973 y options. This\n+0002e500: 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 7363 is useful in sc\n+0002e510: 7269 7074 696e 672c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 ripting, to. \n+0002e520: 2061 6c6c 6f77 2073 6f6d 6520 7573 6572 allow some user\n+0002e530: 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 206f 7665 7220 6265 control over be\n+0002e540: 6861 7669 6f75 7220 7769 7468 6f75 7420 haviour without \n+0002e550: 6861 7669 6e67 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 having to wait f\n+0002e560: 6f72 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7970 7265 or a. keypre\n+0002e570: 7373 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b69 ss... Checki\n+0002e580: 6e67 206b 6579 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 ng key modifier \n+0002e590: 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2073 status is only s\n+0002e5a0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 upported on some\n+0002e5b0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 2020 2020 platforms.. \n+0002e5c0: 2049 6620 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 If invoked with\n+0002e5d0: 6f75 7420 616e 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c out any options,\n+0002e5e0: 2074 6865 2027 6b65 7973 7461 7475 7327 the 'keystatus'\n+0002e5f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 command returns\n+0002e600: 0a20 2020 2020 7472 7565 2069 6620 616e . true if an\n+0002e610: 6420 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 6368 6563 6b69 d only if checki\n+0002e620: 6e67 206b 6579 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 ng key modifier \n+0002e630: 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 status is suppor\n+0002e640: 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ted.....File: gr\n+0002e650: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0002e660: 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 linux, Next: li\n+0002e670: 6e75 7831 362c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6b65 nux16, Prev: ke\n+0002e680: 7973 7461 7475 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ystatus, Up: Co\n+0002e690: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n+0002e6a0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n+0002e6b0: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 3820 6c69 6e75 ds..16.3.38 linu\n+0002e6c0: 780a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a x.-------------.\n+0002e6d0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 . -- Command: li\n+0002e6e0: 6e75 7820 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 nux file .... \n+0002e6f0: 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b Load a Linux k\n+0002e700: 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d ernel image from\n+0002e710: 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 FILE. The rest\n+0002e720: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a of the line is.\n+0002e730: 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 passed verb\n+0002e740: 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 226b 6572 atim as the \"ker\n+0002e750: 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 nel command-line\n+0002e760: 222e 2020 416e 7920 696e 6974 7264 206d \". Any initrd m\n+0002e770: 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c6f ust be. relo\n+0002e780: 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 aded after using\n+0002e790: 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a this command (*\n+0002e7a0: 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 2e0a note initrd::)..\n+0002e7b0: 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 2078 3836 2073 7973 . On x86 sys\n+0002e7c0: 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c tems, the kernel\n+0002e7d0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 will be booted \n+0002e7e0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 3332 2d62 6974 using the 32-bit\n+0002e7f0: 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f boot. proto\n+0002e800: 636f 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 col. Note that \n+0002e810: 7468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 this means that \n+0002e820: 7468 6520 2776 6761 3d27 2062 6f6f 7420 the 'vga=' boot \n+0002e830: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 option will. \n+0002e840: 206e 6f74 2077 6f72 6b3b 2069 6620 796f not work; if yo\n+0002e850: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 u want to set a \n+0002e860: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f special video mo\n+0002e870: 6465 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206e 6565 de, you will nee\n+0002e880: 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 4752 d to. use GR\n+0002e890: 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 UB commands such\n+0002e8a0: 2061 7320 2773 6574 2067 6678 7061 796c as 'set gfxpayl\n+0002e8b0: 6f61 643d 3130 3234 7837 3638 2720 6f72 oad=1024x768' or\n+0002e8c0: 2027 7365 740a 2020 2020 2067 6678 7061 'set. gfxpa\n+0002e8d0: 796c 6f61 643d 6b65 6570 2720 2874 6f20 yload=keep' (to \n+0002e8e0: 6b65 6570 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6d6f keep the same mo\n+0002e8f0: 6465 2061 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 de as used in GR\n+0002e900: 5542 2920 696e 7374 6561 642e 0a20 2020 UB) instead.. \n+0002e910: 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e 2061 7574 6f6d GRUB can autom\n+0002e920: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 atically detect \n+0002e930: 736f 6d65 2075 7365 7320 6f66 2027 7667 some uses of 'vg\n+0002e940: 613d 2720 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 a=' and translat\n+0002e950: 650a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6d20 746f 2061 e. them to a\n+0002e960: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2073 6574 7469 ppropriate setti\n+0002e970: 6e67 7320 6f66 2027 6766 7870 6179 6c6f ngs of 'gfxpaylo\n+0002e980: 6164 272e 2020 5468 6520 276c 696e 7578 ad'. The 'linux\n+0002e990: 3136 270a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 16'. command\n+0002e9a0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 363a (*note linux16:\n+0002e9b0: 3a29 2061 766f 6964 7320 7468 6973 2072 :) avoids this r\n+0002e9c0: 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 estriction.....F\n+0002e9d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002e9e0: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 Node: linux16, \n+0002e9f0: 204e 6578 743a 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c Next: list_env,\n+0002ea00: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 Prev: linux, \n+0002ea10: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0002ea20: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n+0002ea30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e33 commands..16.3.3\n+0002ea40: 3920 6c69 6e75 7831 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 9 linux16.------\n+0002ea50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0002ea60: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 3620 ommand: linux16 \n+0002ea70: 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f file .... Lo\n+0002ea80: 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 ad a Linux kerne\n+0002ea90: 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 494c l image from FIL\n+0002eaa0: 4520 696e 2031 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 E in 16-bit mode\n+0002eab0: 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 0a20 . The rest of. \n+0002eac0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 the line is \n+0002ead0: 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 passed verbatim \n+0002eae0: 6173 2074 6865 2022 6b65 726e 656c 2063 as the \"kernel c\n+0002eaf0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6522 2e20 2041 ommand-line\". A\n+0002eb00: 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 206d ny. initrd m\n+0002eb10: 7573 7420 6265 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 ust be reloaded \n+0002eb20: 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 after using this\n+0002eb30: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a command (*note.\n+0002eb40: 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a29 initrd16::)\n+0002eb50: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6b65 726e ... The kern\n+0002eb60: 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 el will be boote\n+0002eb70: 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 7472 6164 d using the trad\n+0002eb80: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 3136 2d62 6974 2062 itional 16-bit b\n+0002eb90: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f oot. protoco\n+0002eba0: 6c2e 2020 4173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 2062 l. As well as b\n+0002ebb0: 7970 6173 7369 6e67 2070 726f 626c 656d ypassing problem\n+0002ebc0: 7320 7769 7468 2027 7667 613d 2720 6465 s with 'vga=' de\n+0002ebd0: 7363 7269 6265 6420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 scribed in. \n+0002ebe0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a2c 2074 *note linux::, t\n+0002ebf0: 6869 7320 7065 726d 6974 7320 626f 6f74 his permits boot\n+0002ec00: 696e 6720 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2070 ing some other p\n+0002ec10: 726f 6772 616d 7320 7468 6174 0a20 2020 rograms that. \n+0002ec20: 2020 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 7468 6520 implement the \n+0002ec30: 4c69 6e75 7820 626f 6f74 2070 726f 746f Linux boot proto\n+0002ec40: 636f 6c20 666f 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 col for the sake\n+0002ec50: 206f 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652e of convenience.\n+0002ec60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d .. This comm\n+0002ec70: 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 and is only avai\n+0002ec80: 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2078 3836 2073 7973 lable on x86 sys\n+0002ec90: 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tems.....File: g\n+0002eca0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002ecb0: 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 7874 list_env, Next\n+0002ecc0: 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 : list_trusted, \n+0002ecd0: 2050 7265 763a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 Prev: linux16, \n+0002ece0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0002ecf0: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n+0002ed00: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n+0002ed10: 3430 206c 6973 745f 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 40 list_env.----\n+0002ed20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002ed30: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6973 745f - Command: list_\n+0002ed40: 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 6c65 env [--file file\n+0002ed50: 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 ]. List all \n+0002ed60: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 variables in the\n+0002ed70: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n+0002ed80: 636b 2066 696c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a ck file. *Note.\n+0002ed90: 2020 2020 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Environment\n+0002eda0: 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 block::... \n+0002edb0: 5468 6520 272d 2d66 696c 6527 206f 7074 The '--file' opt\n+0002edc0: 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 ion overrides th\n+0002edd0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 e default locati\n+0002ede0: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 on of the. e\n+0002edf0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+0002ee00: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002ee10: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 info, Node: lis\n+0002ee20: 745f 7472 7573 7465 642c 2020 4e65 7874 t_trusted, Next\n+0002ee30: 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 : load_env, Pre\n+0002ee40: 763a 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 5570 v: list_env, Up\n+0002ee50: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n+0002ee60: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n+0002ee70: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e34 3120 mmands..16.3.41 \n+0002ee80: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a2d 2d2d list_trusted.---\n+0002ee90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002eea0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0002eeb0: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a20 2020 list_trusted. \n+0002eec0: 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2070 7562 6c69 List all publi\n+0002eed0: 6320 6b65 7973 2074 7275 7374 6564 2062 c keys trusted b\n+0002eee0: 7920 4752 5542 2066 6f72 2076 616c 6964 y GRUB for valid\n+0002eef0: 6174 696e 6720 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 ating signatures\n+0002ef00: 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f 7574 7075 .. The outpu\n+0002ef10: 7420 6973 2069 6e20 4750 4727 7320 7634 t is in GPG's v4\n+0002ef20: 206b 6579 2066 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 key fingerprint\n+0002ef30: 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 2869 2e65 2e2c 2074 format (i.e., t\n+0002ef40: 6865 206f 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 206f he output. o\n+0002ef50: 6620 2767 7067 202d 2d66 696e 6765 7270 f 'gpg --fingerp\n+0002ef60: 7269 6e74 2729 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6561 rint'). The lea\n+0002ef70: 7374 2073 6967 6e69 6669 6361 6e74 2066 st significant f\n+0002ef80: 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 286c 6173 740a our bytes (last.\n+0002ef90: 2020 2020 2065 6967 6874 2068 6578 6164 eight hexad\n+0002efa0: 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 2063 ecimal digits) c\n+0002efb0: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 616e an be used as an\n+0002efc0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2027 6469 argument to 'di\n+0002efd0: 7374 7275 7374 270a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e strust'. (*n\n+0002efe0: 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 292e ote distrust::).\n+0002eff0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 *Note Using di\n+0002f000: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 gital signatures\n+0002f010: 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 ::, for more. \n+0002f020: 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 information ab\n+0002f030: 6f75 7420 7573 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 out uses for the\n+0002f040: 7365 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 se keys.....File\n+0002f050: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0002f060: 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e de: load_env, N\n+0002f070: 6578 743a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c 2020 ext: loadfont, \n+0002f080: 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 Prev: list_trust\n+0002f090: 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ed, Up: Command\n+0002f0a0: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 -line and menu e\n+0002f0b0: 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ntry commands..1\n+0002f0c0: 362e 332e 3432 206c 6f61 645f 656e 760a 6.3.42 load_env.\n+0002f0d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002f0e0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c .. -- Command: l\n+0002f0f0: 6f61 645f 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 oad_env [--file \n+0002f100: 6669 6c65 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 file] [--skip-si\n+0002f110: 675d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 7768 g]. [wh\n+0002f120: 6974 656c 6973 7465 645f 7661 7269 6162 itelisted_variab\n+0002f130: 6c65 5f6e 616d 655d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 le_name] .... \n+0002f140: 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 6961 Load all varia\n+0002f150: 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 656e bles from the en\n+0002f160: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 vironment block \n+0002f170: 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 650a 2020 file into the. \n+0002f180: 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2e20 environment. \n+0002f190: 202a 4e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 *Note Environme\n+0002f1a0: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 nt block::... \n+0002f1b0: 2020 5468 6520 272d 2d66 696c 6527 206f The '--file' o\n+0002f1c0: 7074 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 ption overrides \n+0002f1d0: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 the default loca\n+0002f1e0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 tion of the. \n+0002f1f0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n+0002f200: 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 272d ck... The '-\n+0002f210: 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 6727 206f 7074 696f -skip-sig' optio\n+0002f220: 6e20 736b 6970 7320 7369 676e 6174 7572 n skips signatur\n+0002f230: 6520 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2065 7665 6e20 e checking even \n+0002f240: 7768 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7661 when the. va\n+0002f250: 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 lue of environme\n+0002f260: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 2763 6865 nt variable 'che\n+0002f270: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7327 2069 ck_signatures' i\n+0002f280: 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2765 s set to. 'e\n+0002f290: 6e66 6f72 6365 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 nforce' (*note c\n+0002f2a0: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a heck_signatures:\n+0002f2b0: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206f 6e65 :)... If one\n+0002f2c0: 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2076 6172 6961 626c or more variabl\n+0002f2d0: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 7072 6f76 e names are prov\n+0002f2e0: 6964 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 ided as argument\n+0002f2f0: 732c 2074 6865 7920 6172 650a 2020 2020 s, they are. \n+0002f300: 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 interpreted as \n+0002f310: 6120 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 6f66 2076 a whitelist of v\n+0002f320: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 ariables to load\n+0002f330: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 from the. e\n+0002f340: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+0002f350: 2066 696c 652e 2020 5661 7269 6162 6c65 file. Variable\n+0002f360: 7320 7365 7420 696e 2074 6865 2066 696c s set in the fil\n+0002f370: 6520 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 7072 6573 656e e but not presen\n+0002f380: 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7768 t. in the wh\n+0002f390: 6974 656c 6973 7420 6172 6520 6967 6e6f itelist are igno\n+0002f3a0: 7265 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 red... The '\n+0002f3b0: 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 2720 6f70 7469 --skip-sig' opti\n+0002f3c0: 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 7365 on should be use\n+0002f3d0: 6420 7769 7468 2063 6172 652c 2061 6e64 d with care, and\n+0002f3e0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 616c 7761 7973 0a20 should always. \n+0002f3f0: 2020 2020 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2063 be used in c\n+0002f400: 6f6e 6365 7274 2077 6974 6820 6120 7768 oncert with a wh\n+0002f410: 6974 656c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6363 6570 itelist of accep\n+0002f420: 7461 626c 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 table variables \n+0002f430: 7768 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 whose. value\n+0002f440: 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7365 742e s should be set.\n+0002f450: 2020 4661 696c 7572 6520 746f 2065 6d70 Failure to emp\n+0002f460: 6c6f 7920 6120 6361 7265 6675 6c6c 7920 loy a carefully \n+0002f470: 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 640a 2020 2020 constructed. \n+0002f480: 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2063 6f75 6c64 whitelist could\n+0002f490: 2072 6573 756c 7420 696e 2072 6561 6469 result in readi\n+0002f4a0: 6e67 2061 206d 616c 6963 696f 7573 2076 ng a malicious v\n+0002f4b0: 616c 7565 2069 6e74 6f20 6372 6974 6963 alue into critic\n+0002f4c0: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d al. environm\n+0002f4d0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 ent variables fr\n+0002f4e0: 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 696c 652c 2073 7563 om the file, suc\n+0002f4f0: 6820 6173 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a20 2020 h as setting. \n+0002f500: 2020 2763 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 'check_signatu\n+0002f510: 7265 733d 6e6f 272c 206d 6f64 6966 7969 res=no', modifyi\n+0002f520: 6e67 2027 7072 6566 6978 2720 746f 2062 ng 'prefix' to b\n+0002f530: 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 oot from an. \n+0002f540: 2075 6e65 7870 6563 7465 6420 6c6f 6361 unexpected loca\n+0002f550: 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 6e6f 7420 6174 2061 tion or not at a\n+0002f560: 6c6c 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 ll, etc... W\n+0002f570: 6865 6e20 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 6361 hen used with ca\n+0002f580: 7265 2c20 272d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 6727 re, '--skip-sig'\n+0002f590: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2077 6869 7465 6c69 and the whiteli\n+0002f5a0: 7374 2065 6e61 626c 6520 616e 0a20 2020 st enable an. \n+0002f5b0: 2020 6164 6d69 6e69 7374 7261 746f 7220 administrator \n+0002f5c0: 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 2073 to configure a s\n+0002f5d0: 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6f6e ystem to boot on\n+0002f5e0: 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 640a 2020 2020 2063 ly signed. c\n+0002f5f0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2062 onfigurations, b\n+0002f600: 7574 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 ut to allow the \n+0002f610: 7573 6572 2074 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 2066 user to select f\n+0002f620: 726f 6d20 616d 6f6e 6720 6d75 6c74 6970 rom among multip\n+0002f630: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 le. configur\n+0002f640: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 746f 2065 ations, and to e\n+0002f650: 6e61 626c 6520 226f 6e65 2d73 686f 7422 nable \"one-shot\"\n+0002f660: 2062 6f6f 7420 6174 7465 6d70 7473 2061 boot attempts a\n+0002f670: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2273 6176 6564 6566 nd. \"savedef\n+0002f680: 6175 6c74 2220 6265 6861 7669 6f72 2e20 ault\" behavior. \n+0002f690: 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 *Note Using dig\n+0002f6a0: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a ital signatures:\n+0002f6b0: 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 :, for more. \n+0002f6c0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f information....\n+0002f6d0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002f6e0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e , Node: loadfon\n+0002f6f0: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 t, Next: loopba\n+0002f700: 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f61 645f ck, Prev: load_\n+0002f710: 656e 762c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e env, Up: Comman\n+0002f720: 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 d-line and menu \n+0002f730: 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a entry commands..\n+0002f740: 3136 2e33 2e34 3320 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 16.3.43 loadfont\n+0002f750: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0002f760: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0002f770: 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6520 2e2e loadfont file ..\n+0002f780: 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7370 6563 .. Load spec\n+0002f790: 6966 6965 6420 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6573 ified font files\n+0002f7a0: 2e20 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 6162 736f 6c75 . Unless absolu\n+0002f7b0: 7465 2070 6174 686e 616d 6520 6973 2067 te pathname is g\n+0002f7c0: 6976 656e 2c20 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 iven, FILE. \n+0002f7d0: 6973 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 6265 is assumed to be\n+0002f7e0: 2069 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 2724 in directory '$\n+0002f7f0: 7072 6566 6978 2f66 6f6e 7473 2720 7769 prefix/fonts' wi\n+0002f800: 7468 2073 7566 6669 7820 272e 7066 3227 th suffix '.pf2'\n+0002f810: 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2e20 . appended. \n+0002f820: 202a 4e6f 7465 2046 6f6e 7473 3a20 5468 *Note Fonts: Th\n+0002f830: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e eme file format.\n+0002f840: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002f850: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 nfo, Node: loop\n+0002f860: 6261 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 732c back, Next: ls,\n+0002f870: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 Prev: loadfont\n+0002f880: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0002f890: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n+0002f8a0: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n+0002f8b0: 332e 3434 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b0a 2d2d 3.44 loopback.--\n+0002f8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0002f8d0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6f6f -- Command: loo\n+0002f8e0: 7062 6163 6b20 5b2d 645d 2064 6576 6963 pback [-d] devic\n+0002f8f0: 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 e file. Make\n+0002f900: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 the device name\n+0002f910: 6420 4445 5649 4345 2063 6f72 7265 7370 d DEVICE corresp\n+0002f920: 6f6e 6420 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 ond to the conte\n+0002f930: 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 nts of the. \n+0002f940: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 filesystem image\n+0002f950: 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 in FILE. For e\n+0002f960: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 xample:.. \n+0002f970: 2020 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6c6f 6f70 loopback loop\n+0002f980: 3020 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f69 6d61 6765 0 /path/to/image\n+0002f990: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 7320 286c . ls (l\n+0002f9a0: 6f6f 7030 292f 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 oop0)/.. Wit\n+0002f9b0: 6820 7468 6520 272d 6427 206f 7074 696f h the '-d' optio\n+0002f9c0: 6e2c 2064 656c 6574 6520 6120 6465 7669 n, delete a devi\n+0002f9d0: 6365 2070 7265 7669 6f75 736c 7920 6372 ce previously cr\n+0002f9e0: 6561 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 eated using this\n+0002f9f0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a . command...\n+0002fa00: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002fa10: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 2c20 204e o, Node: ls, N\n+0002fa20: 6578 743a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 2050 ext: lsfonts, P\n+0002fa30: 7265 763a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 rev: loopback, \n+0002fa40: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0002fa50: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n+0002fa60: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e34 commands..16.3.4\n+0002fa70: 3520 6c73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 5 ls.----------.\n+0002fa80: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 . -- Command: ls\n+0002fa90: 205b 6172 6720 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 [arg ...]. \n+0002faa0: 4c69 7374 2064 6576 6963 6573 206f 7220 List devices or \n+0002fab0: 6669 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 files... Wit\n+0002fac0: 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 h no arguments, \n+0002fad0: 7072 696e 7420 616c 6c20 6465 7669 6365 print all device\n+0002fae0: 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2047 5255 422e s known to GRUB.\n+0002faf0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 .. If the ar\n+0002fb00: 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6465 7669 gument is a devi\n+0002fb10: 6365 206e 616d 6520 656e 636c 6f73 6564 ce name enclosed\n+0002fb20: 2069 6e20 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 in parentheses \n+0002fb30: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4465 7669 (*note. Devi\n+0002fb40: 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 7468 ce syntax::), th\n+0002fb50: 656e 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 206e 616d en print the nam\n+0002fb60: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 e of the filesys\n+0002fb70: 7465 6d20 6f66 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 tem of that. \n+0002fb80: 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 device... I\n+0002fb90: 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 f the argument i\n+0002fba0: 7320 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6769 s a directory gi\n+0002fbb0: 7665 6e20 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 ven as an absolu\n+0002fbc0: 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 te file name. \n+0002fbd0: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 (*note File na\n+0002fbe0: 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 7468 me syntax::), th\n+0002fbf0: 656e 206c 6973 7420 7468 6520 636f 6e74 en list the cont\n+0002fc00: 656e 7473 206f 6620 7468 6174 0a20 2020 ents of that. \n+0002fc10: 2020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 0a0a 1f0a directory.....\n+0002fc20: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002fc30: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 732c Node: lsfonts,\n+0002fc40: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 Next: lsmod, \n+0002fc50: 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 2c20 2055 703a 2043 Prev: ls, Up: C\n+0002fc60: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n+0002fc70: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n+0002fc80: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3436 206c 7366 nds..16.3.46 lsf\n+0002fc90: 6f6e 7473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d onts.-----------\n+0002fca0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002fcb0: 643a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 d: lsfonts. \n+0002fcc0: 4c69 7374 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 List loaded font\n+0002fcd0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+0002fce0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 .info, Node: ls\n+0002fcf0: 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d64 3573 mod, Next: md5s\n+0002fd00: 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 7366 6f6e um, Prev: lsfon\n+0002fd10: 7473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ts, Up: Command\n+0002fd20: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 -line and menu e\n+0002fd30: 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ntry commands..1\n+0002fd40: 362e 332e 3437 206c 736d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 6.3.47 lsmod.---\n+0002fd50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002fd60: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 736d 6f64 0a20 Command: lsmod. \n+0002fd70: 2020 2020 5368 6f77 206c 6973 7420 6f66 Show list of\n+0002fd80: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e loaded modules.\n+0002fd90: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002fda0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d64 3573 nfo, Node: md5s\n+0002fdb0: 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 6f64 756c um, Next: modul\n+0002fdc0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c e, Prev: lsmod,\n+0002fdd0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0002fde0: 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ne and menu entr\n+0002fdf0: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 y commands..16.3\n+0002fe00: 2e34 3820 6d64 3573 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .48 md5sum.-----\n+0002fe10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0002fe20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2061 ommand: md5sum a\n+0002fe30: 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 rg .... Alia\n+0002fe40: 7320 666f 7220 2768 6173 6873 756d 202d s for 'hashsum -\n+0002fe50: 2d68 6173 6820 6d64 3520 6172 6720 2e2e -hash md5 arg ..\n+0002fe60: 2e27 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 .'. See command\n+0002fe70: 2027 6861 7368 7375 6d27 0a20 2020 2020 'hashsum'. \n+0002fe80: 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a (*note hashsum::\n+0002fe90: 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 ) for full descr\n+0002fea0: 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a iption.....File:\n+0002feb0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002fec0: 653a 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 e: module, Next\n+0002fed0: 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 : multiboot, Pr\n+0002fee0: 6576 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 2055 703a ev: md5sum, Up:\n+0002fef0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e Command-line an\n+0002ff00: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d d menu entry com\n+0002ff10: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3439 206d mands..16.3.49 m\n+0002ff20: 6f64 756c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d odule.----------\n+0002ff30: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002ff40: 643a 206d 6f64 756c 6520 5b2d 2d6e 6f75 d: module [--nou\n+0002ff50: 6e7a 6970 5d20 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 nzip] file [argu\n+0002ff60: 6d65 6e74 735d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 ments]. Load\n+0002ff70: 2061 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 6d75 a module for mu\n+0002ff80: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 ltiboot kernel i\n+0002ff90: 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 mage. The rest \n+0002ffa0: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 of the line is. \n+0002ffb0: 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 passed verba\n+0002ffc0: 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c tim as the modul\n+0002ffd0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2e0a e command line..\n+0002ffe0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002fff0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 756c 7469 fo, Node: multi\n+00030000: 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6174 boot, Next: nat\n+00030010: 6976 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ivedisk, Prev: \n+00030020: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d module, Up: Com\n+00030030: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 mand-line and me\n+00030040: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nu entry command\n+00030050: 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3530 206d 756c 7469 s..16.3.50 multi\n+00030060: 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d boot.-----------\n+00030070: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00030080: 616e 643a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 205b and: multiboot [\n+00030090: 2d2d 7175 6972 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c 7564 --quirk-bad-klud\n+000300a0: 6765 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d ge]. [-\n+000300b0: 2d71 7569 726b 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 2d61 -quirk-modules-a\n+000300c0: 6674 6572 2d6b 6572 6e65 6c5d 2066 696c fter-kernel] fil\n+000300d0: 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 e .... Load \n+000300e0: 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e a multiboot kern\n+000300f0: 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 el image from FI\n+00030100: 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 LE. The rest of\n+00030110: 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 the line is. \n+00030120: 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 passed verbati\n+00030130: 6d20 6173 2074 6865 2022 6b65 726e 656c m as the \"kernel\n+00030140: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6522 2e20 command-line\". \n+00030150: 2041 6e79 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6d75 7374 Any module must\n+00030160: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6f61 6465 be. reloade\n+00030170: 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 d after using th\n+00030180: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 is command (*not\n+00030190: 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 e module::)... \n+000301a0: 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c 7320 Some kernels \n+000301b0: 6861 7665 206b 6e6f 776e 2070 726f 626c have known probl\n+000301c0: 656d 732e 2020 596f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 ems. You need t\n+000301d0: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 2d71 7569 726b o specify -quirk\n+000301e0: 2d2a 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6f73 -* for. thos\n+000301f0: 652e 2020 2d71 7569 726b 2d62 6164 2d6b e. -quirk-bad-k\n+00030200: 6c75 6467 6520 6973 2061 2070 726f 626c ludge is a probl\n+00030210: 656d 2073 6565 6e20 696e 2073 6576 6572 em seen in sever\n+00030220: 616c 2070 726f 6475 6374 730a 2020 2020 al products. \n+00030230: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6579 2069 6e63 6c75 that they inclu\n+00030240: 6465 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206b 6c75 6467 de loading kludg\n+00030250: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7769 e information wi\n+00030260: 7468 2069 6e76 616c 6964 2064 6174 6120 th invalid data \n+00030270: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 454c 4620 6669 6c65 in. ELF file\n+00030280: 2e20 2047 5255 4220 7072 696f 7220 746f . GRUB prior to\n+00030290: 2030 2e39 3720 616e 6420 736f 6d65 2063 0.97 and some c\n+000302a0: 7573 746f 6d20 6275 696c 6473 2070 7265 ustom builds pre\n+000302b0: 6665 7272 6564 2045 4c46 0a20 2020 2020 ferred ELF. \n+000302c0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7768 696c information whil\n+000302d0: 6520 302e 3937 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 e 0.97 and GRUB \n+000302e0: 3220 7573 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 2055 2 use kludge. U\n+000302f0: 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 se this option t\n+00030300: 6f0a 2020 2020 2069 676e 6f72 6520 6b6c o. ignore kl\n+00030310: 7564 6765 2e20 204b 6e6f 776e 2061 6666 udge. Known aff\n+00030320: 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a 206f ected systems: o\n+00030330: 6c64 2053 6f6c 6172 6973 2c20 536b 794f ld Solaris, SkyO\n+00030340: 532e 0a0a 2020 2020 202d 7175 6972 6b2d S... -quirk-\n+00030350: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732d 6166 7465 722d 6b65 modules-after-ke\n+00030360: 726e 656c 2069 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2066 rnel is needed f\n+00030370: 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2077 6869 6368 or kernels which\n+00030380: 206c 6f61 6420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7265 load at. re\n+00030390: 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2068 6967 6820 6164 latively high ad\n+000303a0: 6472 6573 7320 652e 672e 2020 3136 4d69 dress e.g. 16Mi\n+000303b0: 4220 6d61 726b 2061 6e64 2063 616e 2774 B mark and can't\n+000303c0: 2063 6f70 6520 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 cope with. \n+000303d0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7374 7566 6665 6420 modules stuffed \n+000303e0: 6265 7477 6565 6e20 314d 6942 206d 6172 between 1MiB mar\n+000303f0: 6b20 616e 6420 6265 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 k and beginning \n+00030400: 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 of the kernel.. \n+00030410: 2020 2020 4b6e 6f77 6e20 6166 6674 6563 Known afftec\n+00030420: 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a 2056 4d57 ted systems: VMW\n+00030430: 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 are.....File: gr\n+00030440: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00030450: 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 204e 6578 nativedisk, Nex\n+00030460: 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 t: normal, Prev\n+00030470: 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 : multiboot, Up\n+00030480: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n+00030490: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n+000304a0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e35 3120 mmands..16.3.51 \n+000304b0: 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d nativedisk.-----\n+000304c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+000304d0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e61 7469 -- Command: nati\n+000304e0: 7665 6469 736b 0a20 2020 2020 5377 6974 vedisk. Swit\n+000304f0: 6368 2066 726f 6d20 6669 726d 7761 7265 ch from firmware\n+00030500: 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6572 7320 746f disk drivers to\n+00030510: 206e 6174 6976 6520 6f6e 6573 2e20 2052 native ones. R\n+00030520: 6561 6c6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 eally useful. \n+00030530: 2020 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f only on platfo\n+00030540: 726d 7320 7768 6572 6520 626f 7468 2066 rms where both f\n+00030550: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 616e 6420 6e61 7469 irmware and nati\n+00030560: 7665 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2061 ve disk drives a\n+00030570: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c re. availabl\n+00030580: 652e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6933 e. Currently i3\n+00030590: 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d 6566 692c 86-pc, i386-efi,\n+000305a0: 2069 3338 362d 6965 6565 3132 3735 2061 i386-ieee1275 a\n+000305b0: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7838 365f 3634 2d65 nd. x86_64-e\n+000305c0: 6669 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 fi.....File: gru\n+000305d0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+000305e0: 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e6f ormal, Next: no\n+000305f0: 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 5072 6576 rmal_exit, Prev\n+00030600: 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 2055 : nativedisk, U\n+00030610: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00030620: 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 and menu entry c\n+00030630: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3532 ommands..16.3.52\n+00030640: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d normal.--------\n+00030650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00030660: 616e 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 5b66 696c and: normal [fil\n+00030670: 655d 0a20 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 6e6f e]. Enter no\n+00030680: 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 6469 rmal mode and di\n+00030690: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d splay the GRUB m\n+000306a0: 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 6e6f enu... In no\n+000306b0: 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652c 2063 6f6d 6d61 rmal mode, comma\n+000306c0: 6e64 732c 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 nds, filesystem \n+000306d0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2063 7279 modules, and cry\n+000306e0: 7074 6f67 7261 7068 790a 2020 2020 206d ptography. m\n+000306f0: 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 2061 7574 6f6d odules are autom\n+00030700: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 642c atically loaded,\n+00030710: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c20 4752 and the full GR\n+00030720: 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 7061 7273 6572 UB script parser\n+00030730: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 . is availab\n+00030740: 6c65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 756c le. Other modul\n+00030750: 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 6578 706c 6963 es may be explic\n+00030760: 6974 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e itly loaded usin\n+00030770: 670a 2020 2020 2027 696e 736d 6f64 2720 g. 'insmod' \n+00030780: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 (*note insmod::)\n+00030790: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 2046 494c ... If a FIL\n+000307a0: 4520 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e E is given, then\n+000307b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 commands will b\n+000307c0: 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6174 e read from that\n+000307d0: 2066 696c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 file.. Othe\n+000307e0: 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 7920 7769 6c6c rwise, they will\n+000307f0: 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 2724 be read from '$\n+00030800: 7072 6566 6978 2f67 7275 622e 6366 6727 prefix/grub.cfg'\n+00030810: 2069 6620 6974 2065 7869 7374 732e 0a0a if it exists...\n+00030820: 2020 2020 2027 6e6f 726d 616c 2720 6d61 'normal' ma\n+00030830: 7920 6265 2063 616c 6c65 6420 6672 6f6d y be called from\n+00030840: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d within normal m\n+00030850: 6f64 652c 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 ode, creating a \n+00030860: 6e65 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 nested. envi\n+00030870: 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 4974 2069 7320 ronment. It is \n+00030880: 6d6f 7265 2075 7375 616c 2074 6f20 7573 more usual to us\n+00030890: 6520 2763 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6527 2028 e 'configfile' (\n+000308a0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 *note. confi\n+000308b0: 6766 696c 653a 3a29 2066 6f72 2074 6869 gfile::) for thi\n+000308c0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+000308d0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f .info, Node: no\n+000308e0: 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 4e65 7874 rmal_exit, Next\n+000308f0: 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 2050 7265 : parttool, Pre\n+00030900: 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 v: normal, Up: \n+00030910: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+00030920: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+00030930: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e35 3320 6e6f ands..16.3.53 no\n+00030940: 726d 616c 5f65 7869 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rmal_exit.------\n+00030950: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00030960: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e6f 726d -- Command: norm\n+00030970: 616c 5f65 7869 740a 2020 2020 2045 7869 al_exit. Exi\n+00030980: 7420 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 282a t normal mode (*\n+00030990: 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 note normal::). \n+000309a0: 2049 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 If this instanc\n+000309b0: 6520 6f66 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 e of normal mode\n+000309c0: 0a20 2020 2020 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 6e65 . was not ne\n+000309d0: 7374 6564 2077 6974 6869 6e20 616e 6f74 sted within anot\n+000309e0: 6865 7220 6f6e 652c 2074 6865 6e20 7265 her one, then re\n+000309f0: 7475 726e 2074 6f20 7265 7363 7565 206d turn to rescue m\n+00030a00: 6f64 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ode.....File: gr\n+00030a10: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00030a20: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a parttool, Next:\n+00030a30: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642c 2020 5072 6576 password, Prev\n+00030a40: 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 : normal_exit, \n+00030a50: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+00030a60: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n+00030a70: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e35 commands..16.3.5\n+00030a80: 3420 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4 parttool.-----\n+00030a90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00030aa0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7274 746f Command: partto\n+00030ab0: 6f6c 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6d ol partition com\n+00030ac0: 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 mands. Make \n+00030ad0: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 various modifica\n+00030ae0: 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2070 6172 7469 7469 tions to partiti\n+00030af0: 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 6573 on table entries\n+00030b00: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4561 6368 2043 4f4d ... Each COM\n+00030b10: 4d41 4e44 2069 7320 6569 7468 6572 2061 MAND is either a\n+00030b20: 2062 6f6f 6c65 616e 206f 7074 696f 6e2c boolean option,\n+00030b30: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 in which case i\n+00030b40: 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2066 t must be. f\n+00030b50: 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 7769 7468 2027 2b27 ollowed with '+'\n+00030b60: 206f 7220 272d 2720 2877 6974 6820 6e6f or '-' (with no\n+00030b70: 2069 6e74 6572 7665 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 intervening spa\n+00030b80: 6365 2920 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6f72 ce) to enable or\n+00030b90: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 . disable th\n+00030ba0: 6174 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 656c at option, or el\n+00030bb0: 7365 2069 7420 7461 6b65 7320 6120 7661 se it takes a va\n+00030bc0: 6c75 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d0a lue in the form.\n+00030bd0: 2020 2020 2027 434f 4d4d 414e 443d 5641 'COMMAND=VA\n+00030be0: 4c55 4527 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4375 7272 LUE'... Curr\n+00030bf0: 656e 746c 792c 2027 7061 7274 746f 6f6c ently, 'parttool\n+00030c00: 2720 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c ' is only useful\n+00030c10: 206f 6e20 444f 5320 7061 7274 6974 696f on DOS partitio\n+00030c20: 6e20 7461 626c 6573 2028 616c 736f 0a20 n tables (also. \n+00030c30: 2020 2020 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6173 204d 6173 known as Mas\n+00030c40: 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 642c ter Boot Record,\n+00030c50: 206f 7220 4d42 5229 2e20 4f6e 2074 6865 or MBR). On the\n+00030c60: 7365 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 se partition tab\n+00030c70: 6c65 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 666f les,. the fo\n+00030c80: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 llowing commands\n+00030c90: 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 3a0a are available:.\n+00030ca0: 0a20 2020 2020 2762 6f6f 7427 2028 626f . 'boot' (bo\n+00030cb0: 6f6c 6561 6e29 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 olean). \n+00030cc0: 2057 6865 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 642c 2074 When enabled, t\n+00030cd0: 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7365 his makes the se\n+00030ce0: 6c65 6374 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e lected partition\n+00030cf0: 2062 6520 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 0a20 be the active. \n+00030d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 626f 6f74 6162 (bootab\n+00030d10: 6c65 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e le) partition on\n+00030d20: 2069 7473 2064 6973 6b2c 2063 6c65 6172 its disk, clear\n+00030d30: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2066 ing the active f\n+00030d40: 6c61 6720 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lag on. \n+00030d50: 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2070 6172 7469 all other parti\n+00030d60: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d tions. This com\n+00030d70: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 mand is limited \n+00030d80: 746f 205f 7072 696d 6172 795f 0a20 2020 to _primary_. \n+00030d90: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e partition\n+00030da0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 7479 7065 2720 s... 'type' \n+00030db0: 2876 616c 7565 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 (value). \n+00030dc0: 2020 4368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2074 7970 Change the typ\n+00030dd0: 6520 6f66 2061 6e20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 e of an existing\n+00030de0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 partition. The\n+00030df0: 2076 616c 7565 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 value must be a\n+00030e00: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 . numbe\n+00030e10: 7220 696e 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 2030 r in the range 0\n+00030e20: 2d30 7846 4620 2870 7265 6669 7820 7769 -0xFF (prefix wi\n+00030e30: 7468 2027 3078 2720 746f 2065 6e74 6572 th '0x' to enter\n+00030e40: 2069 7420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 it in. \n+00030e50: 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 292e 0a0a hexadecimal)...\n+00030e60: 2020 2020 2027 6869 6464 656e 2720 2862 'hidden' (b\n+00030e70: 6f6f 6c65 616e 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 oolean). \n+00030e80: 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2c20 When enabled, \n+00030e90: 7468 6973 2068 6964 6573 2074 6865 2073 this hides the s\n+00030ea0: 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f elected partitio\n+00030eb0: 6e20 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 n by setting the\n+00030ec0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6869 6464 . \"hidd\n+00030ed0: 656e 2220 6269 7420 696e 2069 7473 2070 en\" bit in its p\n+00030ee0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f artition type co\n+00030ef0: 6465 3b20 7768 656e 2064 6973 6162 6c65 de; when disable\n+00030f00: 642c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e68 d,. unh\n+00030f10: 6964 6573 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 ides the selecte\n+00030f20: 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6279 2063 d partition by c\n+00030f30: 6c65 6172 696e 6720 7468 6973 2062 6974 learing this bit\n+00030f40: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 . This is. \n+00030f50: 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6f6e 6c79 useful only\n+00030f60: 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 444f when booting DO\n+00030f70: 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2061 6e64 S or Windows and\n+00030f80: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7072 696d 6172 multiple primar\n+00030f90: 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4641 5420 y. FAT \n+00030fa0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2065 7869 7374 partitions exist\n+00030fb0: 2069 6e20 6f6e 6520 6469 736b 2e20 2053 in one disk. S\n+00030fc0: 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 ee also *note. \n+00030fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 444f 532f 5769 6e64 DOS/Wind\n+00030fe0: 6f77 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ows::.....File: \n+00030ff0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00031000: 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 204e 6578 : password, Nex\n+00031010: 743a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 t: password_pbkd\n+00031020: 6632 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6172 7474 f2, Prev: partt\n+00031030: 6f6f 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ool, Up: Comman\n+00031040: 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 d-line and menu \n+00031050: 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a entry commands..\n+00031060: 3136 2e33 2e35 3520 7061 7373 776f 7264 16.3.55 password\n+00031070: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00031080: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00031090: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2075 7365 7220 636c password user cl\n+000310a0: 6561 722d 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a20 2020 ear-password. \n+000310b0: 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2061 2075 7365 7220 Define a user \n+000310c0: 6e61 6d65 6420 5553 4552 2077 6974 6820 named USER with \n+000310d0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2043 4c45 4152 2d50 password CLEAR-P\n+000310e0: 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a ASSWORD. *Note.\n+000310f0: 2020 2020 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e Security::.\n+00031100: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00031110: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 nfo, Node: pass\n+00031120: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322c 2020 4e65 word_pbkdf2, Ne\n+00031130: 7874 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 2050 7265 763a xt: play, Prev:\n+00031140: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642c 2020 5570 3a20 password, Up: \n+00031150: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+00031160: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+00031170: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e35 3620 7061 ands..16.3.56 pa\n+00031180: 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 320a 2d2d ssword_pbkdf2.--\n 00031190: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000311a0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-000311b0: 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 : password_pbkdf\n-000311c0: 3220 7573 6572 2068 6173 6865 642d 7061 2 user hashed-pa\n-000311d0: 7373 776f 7264 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6669 ssword. Defi\n-000311e0: 6e65 2061 2075 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 6420 ne a user named \n-000311f0: 5553 4552 2077 6974 6820 7061 7373 776f USER with passwo\n-00031200: 7264 2068 6173 6820 4841 5348 4544 2d50 rd hash HASHED-P\n-00031210: 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 5573 650a 2020 ASSWORD. Use. \n-00031220: 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 'grub-mkpassw\n-00031230: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 d-pbkdf2' (*note\n-00031240: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n-00031250: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a kpasswd-pbkdf2::\n-00031260: 2920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6765 6e65 7261 ) to. genera\n-00031270: 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 te password hash\n-00031280: 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 es. *Note Secur\n-00031290: 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ity::.....File: \n-000312a0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000312b0: 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 : play, Next: p\n-000312c0: 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6173 robe, Prev: pas\n-000312d0: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2055 sword_pbkdf2, U\n-000312e0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-000312f0: 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 and menu entry c\n-00031300: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3537 ommands..16.3.57\n-00031310: 2070 6c61 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d play.----------\n-00031320: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00031330: 2070 6c61 7920 6669 6c65 207c 2074 656d play file | tem\n-00031340: 706f 205b 7069 7463 6831 2064 7572 6174 po [pitch1 durat\n-00031350: 696f 6e31 5d20 5b70 6974 6368 3220 6475 ion1] [pitch2 du\n-00031360: 7261 7469 6f6e 325d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 ration2] .... \n-00031370: 2020 506c 6179 7320 6120 7475 6e65 0a0a Plays a tune..\n-00031380: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 If the argu\n-00031390: 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6669 6c65 206e ment is a file n\n-000313a0: 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 ame (*note File \n-000313b0: 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 name syntax::), \n-000313c0: 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7475 play the. tu\n-000313d0: 6e65 2072 6563 6f72 6465 6420 696e 2069 ne recorded in i\n-000313e0: 742e 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 t. The file for\n-000313f0: 6d61 7420 6973 2066 6972 7374 2074 6865 mat is first the\n-00031400: 2074 656d 706f 2061 7320 616e 0a20 2020 tempo as an. \n-00031410: 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2033 3262 6974 unsigned 32bit\n-00031420: 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e 206e little-endian n\n-00031430: 756d 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 7061 6972 umber, then pair\n-00031440: 7320 6f66 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 3136 s of unsigned 16\n-00031450: 6269 740a 2020 2020 206c 6974 746c 652d bit. little-\n-00031460: 656e 6469 616e 206e 756d 6265 7273 2066 endian numbers f\n-00031470: 6f72 2070 6974 6368 2061 6e64 2064 7572 or pitch and dur\n-00031480: 6174 696f 6e20 7061 6972 732e 0a0a 2020 ation pairs... \n-00031490: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 If the argume\n-000314a0: 6e74 7320 6172 6520 6120 7365 7269 6573 nts are a series\n-000314b0: 206f 6620 6e75 6d62 6572 732c 2070 6c61 of numbers, pla\n-000314c0: 7920 7468 6520 696e 6c69 6e65 2074 756e y the inline tun\n-000314d0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 656d e... The tem\n-000314e0: 706f 2069 7320 7468 6520 6261 7365 2066 po is the base f\n-000314f0: 6f72 2061 6c6c 206e 6f74 6520 6475 7261 or all note dura\n-00031500: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 3630 2067 6976 6573 tions. 60 gives\n-00031510: 2061 2031 2d73 6563 6f6e 640a 2020 2020 a 1-second. \n-00031520: 2062 6173 652c 2031 3230 2067 6976 6573 base, 120 gives\n-00031530: 2061 2068 616c 662d 7365 636f 6e64 2062 a half-second b\n-00031540: 6173 652c 2065 7463 2e20 2050 6974 6368 ase, etc. Pitch\n-00031550: 6573 2061 7265 2048 7a2e 2020 5365 740a es are Hz. Set.\n-00031560: 2020 2020 2070 6974 6368 2074 6f20 3020 pitch to 0 \n-00031570: 746f 2070 726f 6475 6365 2061 2072 6573 to produce a res\n-00031580: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n-00031590: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 .info, Node: pr\n-000315a0: 6f62 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7264 6d73 obe, Next: rdms\n-000315b0: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 r, Prev: play, \n-000315c0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-000315d0: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n-000315e0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n-000315f0: 3538 2070 726f 6265 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 58 probe.-------\n-00031600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00031610: 616e 643a 2070 726f 6265 205b 2d2d 7365 and: probe [--se\n-00031620: 7420 7661 725d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t var]. \n-00031630: 202d 2d64 7269 7665 727c 2d2d 7061 7274 --driver|--part\n-00031640: 6d61 707c 2d2d 6673 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 map|--fs|--fs-uu\n-00031650: 6964 7c2d 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d 2d70 6172 id|--label|--par\n-00031660: 742d 7575 6964 2064 6576 6963 650a 2020 t-uuid device. \n-00031670: 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 6465 7669 Retrieve devi\n-00031680: 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e20 ce information. \n-00031690: 2049 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2027 2d2d 7365 If option '--se\n-000316a0: 7427 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2061 7373 t' is given, ass\n-000316b0: 6967 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 6573 756c 7420 ign. result \n-000316c0: 746f 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 522c to variable VAR,\n-000316d0: 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2070 7269 6e74 otherwise print\n-000316e0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 information on \n-000316f0: 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 0a20 2020 the screen... \n-00031700: 2020 5468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 2027 2d2d The option '--\n-00031710: 7061 7274 2d75 7569 6427 2069 7320 6375 part-uuid' is cu\n-00031720: 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2069 6d70 rrently only imp\n-00031730: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2066 6f72 204d 5344 lemented for MSD\n-00031740: 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 4750 5420 OS. and GPT \n-00031750: 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6469 736b 732e formatted disks.\n-00031760: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00031770: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7264 6d73 nfo, Node: rdms\n-00031780: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 6164 2c20 r, Next: read, \n-00031790: 2050 7265 763a 2070 726f 6265 2c20 2055 Prev: probe, U\n-000317a0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-000317b0: 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 and menu entry c\n-000317c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3539 ommands..16.3.59\n-000317d0: 2072 646d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rdmsr.---------\n-000317e0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-000317f0: 643a 3a20 7264 6d73 7220 3078 4144 4452 d:: rdmsr 0xADDR\n-00031800: 205b 2d76 2056 4152 4e41 4d45 5d0a 2020 [-v VARNAME]. \n-00031810: 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 6d6f 6465 6c2d Read a model-\n-00031820: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 specific registe\n-00031830: 7220 6174 2061 6464 7265 7373 2030 7841 r at address 0xA\n-00031840: 4444 522e 2049 6620 7468 6520 7061 7261 DDR. If the para\n-00031850: 6d65 7465 720a 2020 2020 2027 2d76 2720 meter. '-v' \n-00031860: 6973 2075 7365 6420 616e 6420 616e 2065 is used and an e\n-00031870: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00031880: 626c 6520 5641 524e 414d 4520 6973 2067 ble VARNAME is g\n-00031890: 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 0a20 iven, set that. \n-000318a0: 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 environment \n-000318b0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 6520 variable to the \n-000318c0: 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2077 6173 2072 value that was r\n-000318d0: 6561 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 6173 ead... Pleas\n-000318e0: 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 2053 e note that on S\n-000318f0: 4d50 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7265 6164 MP systems, read\n-00031900: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 204d 5352 2074 ing from a MSR t\n-00031910: 6861 7420 6861 7320 610a 2020 2020 2073 hat has a. s\n-00031920: 636f 7065 2070 6572 2068 6172 6477 6172 cope per hardwar\n-00031930: 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 696d 706c 6965 e thread, implie\n-00031940: 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 s that the value\n-00031950: 2074 6861 7420 6973 2072 6574 7572 6e65 that is returne\n-00031960: 640a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6170 706c d. only appl\n-00031970: 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 ies to the parti\n-00031980: 6375 6c61 7220 6370 752f 636f 7265 2f74 cular cpu/core/t\n-00031990: 6872 6561 6420 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 hread that runs \n-000319a0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the. command\n-000319b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 6966 ... Also, if\n-000319c0: 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2072 you specify a r\n-000319d0: 6573 6572 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 6d70 eserved or unimp\n-000319e0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 6464 lemented MSR add\n-000319f0: 7265 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 ress, it. wi\n-00031a00: 6c6c 2063 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e 6572 ll cause a gener\n-00031a10: 616c 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6578 al protection ex\n-00031a20: 6365 7074 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 2069 ception (which i\n-00031a30: 7320 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a s not currently.\n-00031a40: 2020 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e 646c being handl\n-00031a50: 6564 2920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 7374 ed) and the syst\n-00031a60: 656d 2077 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 2e0a em will reboot..\n-00031a70: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00031a80: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6561 642c fo, Node: read,\n-00031a90: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 Next: reboot, \n-00031aa0: 2050 7265 763a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 2055 Prev: rdmsr, U\n-00031ab0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00031ac0: 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 and menu entry c\n-00031ad0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3630 ommands..16.3.60\n-00031ae0: 2072 6561 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d read.----------\n-00031af0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00031b00: 2072 6561 6420 5b76 6172 5d0a 2020 2020 read [var]. \n-00031b10: 2052 6561 6420 6120 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 Read a line of \n-00031b20: 696e 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2075 input from the u\n-00031b30: 7365 722e 2020 4966 2061 6e20 656e 7669 ser. If an envi\n-00031b40: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00031b50: 2056 4152 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2067 6976 VAR. is giv\n-00031b60: 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 2065 6e76 en, set that env\n-00031b70: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00031b80: 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6f66 e to the line of\n-00031b90: 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 input that. \n-00031ba0: 2077 6173 2072 6561 642c 2077 6974 6820 was read, with \n-00031bb0: 6e6f 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7469 6e67 206e no terminating n\n-00031bc0: 6577 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ewline.....File:\n-00031bd0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00031be0: 653a 2072 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 e: reboot, Next\n-00031bf0: 3a20 7265 6765 7870 2c20 2050 7265 763a : regexp, Prev:\n-00031c00: 2072 6561 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d read, Up: Comm\n-00031c10: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e and-line and men\n-00031c20: 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 u entry commands\n-00031c30: 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e36 3120 7265 626f 6f74 ..16.3.61 reboot\n-00031c40: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n-00031c50: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 . -- Command: re\n-00031c60: 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 boot. Reboot\n-00031c70: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e 0a0a the computer...\n-00031c80: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00031c90: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6765 7870 o, Node: regexp\n-00031ca0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6d6d 6f64 2c20 , Next: rmmod, \n-00031cb0: 2050 7265 763a 2072 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 Prev: reboot, \n-00031cc0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00031cd0: 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 and menu entry \n-00031ce0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e36 commands..16.3.6\n-00031cf0: 3220 7265 6765 7870 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2 regexp.-------\n-00031d00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00031d10: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 6765 7870 205b 2d2d mand: regexp [--\n-00031d20: 7365 7420 5b6e 756d 6265 723a 5d76 6172 set [number:]var\n-00031d30: 5d20 7265 6765 7870 2073 7472 696e 670a ] regexp string.\n-00031d40: 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 6966 2072 6567 Test if reg\n-00031d50: 756c 6172 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 ular expression \n-00031d60: 5245 4745 5850 206d 6174 6368 6573 2053 REGEXP matches S\n-00031d70: 5452 494e 472e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 TRING. Supporte\n-00031d80: 640a 2020 2020 2072 6567 756c 6172 2065 d. regular e\n-00031d90: 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2050 xpressions are P\n-00031da0: 4f53 4958 2e32 2045 7874 656e 6465 6420 OSIX.2 Extended \n-00031db0: 5265 6775 6c61 7220 4578 7072 6573 7369 Regular Expressi\n-00031dc0: 6f6e 732e 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 ons. If. op\n-00031dd0: 7469 6f6e 2027 2d2d 7365 7427 2069 7320 tion '--set' is \n-00031de0: 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 746f 7265 204e 554d given, store NUM\n-00031df0: 4245 5274 6820 6d61 7463 6865 6420 7375 BERth matched su\n-00031e00: 6265 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 696e 0a20 bexpression in. \n-00031e10: 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 variable VAR\n-00031e20: 2e20 2053 7562 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e . Subexpression\n-00031e30: 7320 6172 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 6564 2069 s are numbered i\n-00031e40: 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2074 6865 6972 n order of their\n-00031e50: 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 656e 696e 6720 7061 . opening pa\n-00031e60: 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 7374 6172 7469 rentheses starti\n-00031e70: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 2731 272e 2020 4e55 ng from '1'. NU\n-00031e80: 4d42 4552 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f MBER defaults to\n-00031e90: 2027 3127 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 '1'.....File: g\n-00031ea0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00031eb0: 2072 6d6d 6f64 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 rmmod, Next: s\n-00031ec0: 6176 655f 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ave_env, Prev: \n-00031ed0: 7265 6765 7870 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d regexp, Up: Com\n-00031ee0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 mand-line and me\n-00031ef0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nu entry command\n-00031f00: 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3633 2072 6d6d 6f64 s..16.3.63 rmmod\n-00031f10: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n-00031f20: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6d6d -- Command: rmm\n-00031f30: 6f64 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 2020 2052 od module. R\n-00031f40: 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6c6f 6164 6564 204d emove a loaded M\n-00031f50: 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ODULE.....File: \n-00031f60: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00031f70: 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 : save_env, Nex\n-00031f80: 743a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 5072 6576 t: search, Prev\n-00031f90: 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f : rmmod, Up: Co\n-00031fa0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n-00031fb0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n-00031fc0: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e36 3420 7361 7665 ds..16.3.64 save\n-00031fd0: 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _env.-----------\n-00031fe0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00031ff0: 6e64 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d nd: save_env [--\n-00032000: 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d 2076 6172 202e file file] var .\n-00032010: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5361 7665 2074 6865 ... Save the\n-00032020: 206e 616d 6564 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 named variables\n-00032030: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f from the enviro\n-00032040: 6e6d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e76 nment to the env\n-00032050: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 626c ironment. bl\n-00032060: 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 ock file. *Note\n-00032070: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f Environment blo\n-00032080: 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ck::... The \n-00032090: 272d 2d66 696c 6527 206f 7074 696f 6e20 '--file' option \n-000320a0: 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 overrides the de\n-000320b0: 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f fault location o\n-000320c0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 f the. envir\n-000320d0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 onment block... \n-000320e0: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 This command\n-000320f0: 2077 696c 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 6520 7375 will operate su\n-00032100: 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2065 7665 6e20 ccessfully even \n-00032110: 7768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 when environment\n-00032120: 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2027 . variable '\n-00032130: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n-00032140: 2720 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2765 6e66 ' is set to 'enf\n-00032150: 6f72 6365 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 orce' (*note. \n-00032160: 2020 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 check_signatur\n-00032170: 6573 3a3a 292c 2073 696e 6365 2069 7420 es::), since it \n-00032180: 7772 6974 6573 2074 6f20 6469 736b 2061 writes to disk a\n-00032190: 6e64 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 7465 nd does not alte\n-000321a0: 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 6568 6176 r the. behav\n-000321b0: 696f 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 6261 7365 ior of GRUB base\n-000321c0: 6420 6f6e 2061 6e79 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 d on any content\n-000321d0: 7320 6f66 2064 6973 6b20 7468 6174 2068 s of disk that h\n-000321e0: 6176 6520 6265 656e 2072 6561 642e 0a20 ave been read.. \n-000321f0: 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 706f 7373 6962 It is possib\n-00032200: 6c65 2074 6f20 6d6f 6469 6679 2061 2064 le to modify a d\n-00032210: 6967 6974 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 igitally signed \n-00032220: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n-00032230: 6b20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6f6d k file. from\n-00032240: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 4752 5542 2075 7369 within GRUB usi\n-00032250: 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642c ng this command,\n-00032260: 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 2069 7473 2073 such that its s\n-00032270: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 ignature will. \n-00032280: 2020 206e 6f20 6c6f 6e67 6572 2062 6520 no longer be \n-00032290: 7661 6c69 6420 6f6e 2073 7562 7365 7175 valid on subsequ\n-000322a0: 656e 7420 626f 6f74 732e 2020 4361 7265 ent boots. Care\n-000322b0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2074 616b 656e should be taken\n-000322c0: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2073 7563 6820 6164 in. such ad\n-000322d0: 7661 6e63 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 vanced configura\n-000322e0: 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2061 766f 6964 2072 tions to avoid r\n-000322f0: 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2073 7973 endering the sys\n-00032300: 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2075 6e62 6f6f 7461 tem. unboota\n-00032310: 626c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e ble. *Note Usin\n-00032320: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 g digital signat\n-00032330: 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 ures::, for more\n-00032340: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f . informatio\n-00032350: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n-00032360: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 .info, Node: se\n-00032370: 6172 6368 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 656e arch, Next: sen\n-00032380: 646b 6579 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6176 dkey, Prev: sav\n-00032390: 655f 656e 762c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d e_env, Up: Comm\n-000323a0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e and-line and men\n-000323b0: 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 u entry commands\n-000323c0: 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e36 3520 7365 6172 6368 ..16.3.65 search\n-000323d0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n-000323e0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 . -- Command: se\n-000323f0: 6172 6368 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 7c2d 2d6c arch [--file|--l\n-00032400: 6162 656c 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 5d20 abel|--fs-uuid] \n-00032410: 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 7661 725d 5d0a 2020 [--set [var]]. \n-00032420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 666c [--no-fl\n-00032430: 6f70 7079 5d20 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 oppy] name. \n-00032440: 5365 6172 6368 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 Search devices b\n-00032450: 7920 6669 6c65 2028 272d 6627 2c20 272d y file ('-f', '-\n-00032460: 2d66 696c 6527 292c 2066 696c 6573 7973 -file'), filesys\n-00032470: 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 6c20 2827 2d6c 272c tem label ('-l',\n-00032480: 0a20 2020 2020 272d 2d6c 6162 656c 2729 . '--label')\n-00032490: 2c20 6f72 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 , or filesystem \n-000324a0: 5555 4944 2028 272d 7527 2c20 272d 2d66 UUID ('-u', '--f\n-000324b0: 732d 7575 6964 2729 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 s-uuid')... \n-000324c0: 4966 2074 6865 2027 2d2d 7365 7427 206f If the '--set' o\n-000324d0: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 ption is used, t\n-000324e0: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2064 6576 6963 6520 he first device \n-000324f0: 666f 756e 6420 6973 2073 6574 2061 7320 found is set as \n-00032500: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 206f the. value o\n-00032510: 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 f environment va\n-00032520: 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2e20 2054 6865 riable VAR. The\n-00032530: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2076 6172 6961 626c default variabl\n-00032540: 6520 6973 2027 726f 6f74 272e 0a0a 2020 e is 'root'... \n-00032550: 2020 2054 6865 2027 2d2d 6e6f 2d66 6c6f The '--no-flo\n-00032560: 7070 7927 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7072 6576 ppy' option prev\n-00032570: 656e 7473 2073 6561 7263 6869 6e67 2066 ents searching f\n-00032580: 6c6f 7070 7920 6465 7669 6365 732c 2077 loppy devices, w\n-00032590: 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6e20 6265 hich. can be\n-000325a0: 2073 6c6f 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 slow... The\n-000325b0: 2027 7365 6172 6368 2e66 696c 6527 2c20 'search.file', \n-000325c0: 2773 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 656c 'search.fs_label\n-000325d0: 272c 2061 6e64 2027 7365 6172 6368 2e66 ', and 'search.f\n-000325e0: 735f 7575 6964 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 s_uuid' commands\n-000325f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 616c 6961 7365 . are aliase\n-00032600: 7320 666f 7220 2773 6561 7263 6820 2d2d s for 'search --\n-00032610: 6669 6c65 272c 2027 7365 6172 6368 202d file', 'search -\n-00032620: 2d6c 6162 656c 272c 2061 6e64 2027 7365 -label', and 'se\n-00032630: 6172 6368 0a20 2020 2020 2d2d 6673 2d75 arch. --fs-u\n-00032640: 7569 6427 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c uid' respectivel\n-00032650: 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 y.....File: grub\n-00032660: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 .info, Node: se\n-00032670: 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7365 ndkey, Next: se\n-00032680: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 6172 6368 t, Prev: search\n-00032690: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-000326a0: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n-000326b0: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n-000326c0: 332e 3636 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a2d 2d2d 3.66 sendkey.---\n-000326d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-000326e0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 656e 646b - Command: sendk\n-000326f0: 6579 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d ey. [--\n-00032700: 6e75 6d7c 2d2d 6361 7073 7c2d 2d73 6372 num|--caps|--scr\n-00032710: 6f6c 6c7c 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 7c2d 2d70 oll|--insert|--p\n-00032720: 6175 7365 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 7368 6966 ause|--left-shif\n-00032730: 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 7368 6966 747c t|--right-shift|\n-00032740: 2d2d 7379 7372 717c 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 --sysrq|--numkey\n-00032750: 7c2d 2d63 6170 736b 6579 7c2d 2d73 6372 |--capskey|--scr\n-00032760: 6f6c 6c6b 6579 7c2d 2d69 6e73 6572 746b ollkey|--insertk\n-00032770: 6579 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 616c 747c 2d2d ey|--left-alt|--\n-00032780: 7269 6768 742d 616c 747c 2d2d 6c65 6674 right-alt|--left\n-00032790: 2d63 7472 6c7c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 6374 -ctrl|--right-ct\n-000327a0: 726c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 6e7c rl. on|\n-000327b0: 6f66 665d 2e2e 2e20 5b6e 6f2d 6c65 645d off]... [no-led]\n-000327c0: 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 keystroke. \n-000327d0: 496e 7365 7274 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 Insert keystroke\n-000327e0: 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 206b 6579 626f s into the keybo\n-000327f0: 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 2077 6865 6e20 ard buffer when \n-00032800: 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 536f 6d65 7469 booting. Someti\n-00032810: 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 mes. an oper\n-00032820: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206f 7220 ating system or \n-00032830: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 6420 626f 6f74 chainloaded boot\n-00032840: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7265 7175 6972 6573 loader requires\n-00032850: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 720a 2020 2020 particular. \n-00032860: 206b 6579 7320 746f 2062 6520 7072 6573 keys to be pres\n-00032870: 7365 643a 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 sed: for example\n-00032880: 2c20 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 6e65 6564 , one might need\n-00032890: 2074 6f20 7072 6573 7320 610a 2020 2020 to press a. \n-000328a0: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6b65 7920 particular key \n-000328b0: 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2022 7361 6665 206d to enter \"safe m\n-000328c0: 6f64 6522 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 6368 ode\", or when ch\n-000328d0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 ainloading anoth\n-000328e0: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 er. boot loa\n-000328f0: 6465 7220 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 7365 der one might se\n-00032900: 6e64 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 746f nd keystrokes to\n-00032910: 2069 7420 746f 206e 6176 6967 6174 6520 it to navigate \n-00032920: 6974 7320 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 its menu... \n-00032930: 596f 7520 6d61 7920 7072 6f76 6964 6520 You may provide \n-00032940: 7570 2074 6f20 3136 206b 6579 7374 726f up to 16 keystro\n-00032950: 6b65 7320 2874 6865 206c 656e 6774 6820 kes (the length \n-00032960: 6f66 2074 6865 2042 494f 530a 2020 2020 of the BIOS. \n-00032970: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 keyboard buffer\n-00032980: 292e 2020 4b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6520 6e61 ). Keystroke na\n-00032990: 6d65 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7070 6572 mes may be upper\n-000329a0: 2d63 6173 6520 6f72 206c 6f77 6572 2d63 -case or lower-c\n-000329b0: 6173 650a 2020 2020 206c 6574 7465 7273 ase. letters\n-000329c0: 2c20 6469 6769 7473 2c20 6f72 2074 616b , digits, or tak\n-000329d0: 656e 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c en from the foll\n-000329e0: 6f77 696e 6720 7461 626c 653a 0a0a 2020 owing table:.. \n-000329f0: 2020 204e 616d 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 Name \n+000311a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+000311b0: 6e64 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b nd: password_pbk\n+000311c0: 6466 3220 7573 6572 2068 6173 6865 642d df2 user hashed-\n+000311d0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a20 2020 2020 4465 password. De\n+000311e0: 6669 6e65 2061 2075 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 fine a user name\n+000311f0: 6420 5553 4552 2077 6974 6820 7061 7373 d USER with pass\n+00031200: 776f 7264 2068 6173 6820 4841 5348 4544 word hash HASHED\n+00031210: 2d50 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 5573 650a -PASSWORD. Use.\n+00031220: 2020 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 'grub-mkpas\n+00031230: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2720 282a 6e6f swd-pbkdf2' (*no\n+00031240: 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 te Invoking grub\n+00031250: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n+00031260: 3a3a 2920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6765 6e65 ::) to. gene\n+00031270: 7261 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 rate password ha\n+00031280: 7368 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 shes. *Note Sec\n+00031290: 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 urity::.....File\n+000312a0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000312b0: 6465 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: play, Next:\n+000312c0: 2070 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 probe, Prev: p\n+000312d0: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 assword_pbkdf2, \n+000312e0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+000312f0: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n+00031300: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n+00031310: 3537 2070 6c61 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 57 play.--------\n+00031320: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00031330: 643a 2070 6c61 7920 6669 6c65 207c 2074 d: play file | t\n+00031340: 656d 706f 205b 7069 7463 6831 2064 7572 empo [pitch1 dur\n+00031350: 6174 696f 6e31 5d20 5b70 6974 6368 3220 ation1] [pitch2 \n+00031360: 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 325d 202e 2e2e 0a20 duration2] .... \n+00031370: 2020 2020 506c 6179 7320 6120 7475 6e65 Plays a tune\n+00031380: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 .. If the ar\n+00031390: 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6669 6c65 gument is a file\n+000313a0: 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c name (*note Fil\n+000313b0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 e name syntax::)\n+000313c0: 2c20 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 , play the. \n+000313d0: 7475 6e65 2072 6563 6f72 6465 6420 696e tune recorded in\n+000313e0: 2069 742e 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 2066 it. The file f\n+000313f0: 6f72 6d61 7420 6973 2066 6972 7374 2074 ormat is first t\n+00031400: 6865 2074 656d 706f 2061 7320 616e 0a20 he tempo as an. \n+00031410: 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2033 3262 unsigned 32b\n+00031420: 6974 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e it little-endian\n+00031430: 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 7061 number, then pa\n+00031440: 6972 7320 6f66 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 irs of unsigned \n+00031450: 3136 6269 740a 2020 2020 206c 6974 746c 16bit. littl\n+00031460: 652d 656e 6469 616e 206e 756d 6265 7273 e-endian numbers\n+00031470: 2066 6f72 2070 6974 6368 2061 6e64 2064 for pitch and d\n+00031480: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 7061 6972 732e 0a0a uration pairs...\n+00031490: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 If the argu\n+000314a0: 6d65 6e74 7320 6172 6520 6120 7365 7269 ments are a seri\n+000314b0: 6573 206f 6620 6e75 6d62 6572 732c 2070 es of numbers, p\n+000314c0: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 696e 6c69 6e65 2074 lay the inline t\n+000314d0: 756e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 une... The t\n+000314e0: 656d 706f 2069 7320 7468 6520 6261 7365 empo is the base\n+000314f0: 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 206e 6f74 6520 6475 for all note du\n+00031500: 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 3630 2067 6976 rations. 60 giv\n+00031510: 6573 2061 2031 2d73 6563 6f6e 640a 2020 es a 1-second. \n+00031520: 2020 2062 6173 652c 2031 3230 2067 6976 base, 120 giv\n+00031530: 6573 2061 2068 616c 662d 7365 636f 6e64 es a half-second\n+00031540: 2062 6173 652c 2065 7463 2e20 2050 6974 base, etc. Pit\n+00031550: 6368 6573 2061 7265 2048 7a2e 2020 5365 ches are Hz. Se\n+00031560: 740a 2020 2020 2070 6974 6368 2074 6f20 t. pitch to \n+00031570: 3020 746f 2070 726f 6475 6365 2061 2072 0 to produce a r\n+00031580: 6573 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 est.....File: gr\n+00031590: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000315a0: 7072 6f62 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7264 probe, Next: rd\n+000315b0: 6d73 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 706c 6179 msr, Prev: play\n+000315c0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+000315d0: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n+000315e0: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n+000315f0: 332e 3538 2070 726f 6265 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 3.58 probe.-----\n+00031600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00031610: 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 726f 6265 205b 2d2d mmand: probe [--\n+00031620: 7365 7420 7661 725d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 set var]. \n+00031630: 2020 202d 2d64 7269 7665 727c 2d2d 7061 --driver|--pa\n+00031640: 7274 6d61 707c 2d2d 6673 7c2d 2d66 732d rtmap|--fs|--fs-\n+00031650: 7575 6964 7c2d 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d 2d70 uuid|--label|--p\n+00031660: 6172 742d 7575 6964 2064 6576 6963 650a art-uuid device.\n+00031670: 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 6465 Retrieve de\n+00031680: 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e vice information\n+00031690: 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2027 2d2d . If option '--\n+000316a0: 7365 7427 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2061 set' is given, a\n+000316b0: 7373 6967 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 6573 756c ssign. resul\n+000316c0: 7420 746f 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 t to variable VA\n+000316d0: 522c 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2070 7269 R, otherwise pri\n+000316e0: 6e74 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f nt information o\n+000316f0: 6e20 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 0a20 n the screen... \n+00031700: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 2027 The option '\n+00031710: 2d2d 7061 7274 2d75 7569 6427 2069 7320 --part-uuid' is \n+00031720: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2069 currently only i\n+00031730: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2066 6f72 204d mplemented for M\n+00031740: 5344 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 4750 SDOS. and GP\n+00031750: 5420 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6469 736b T formatted disk\n+00031760: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+00031770: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7264 .info, Node: rd\n+00031780: 6d73 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 6164 msr, Next: read\n+00031790: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 726f 6265 2c20 , Prev: probe, \n+000317a0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+000317b0: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n+000317c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n+000317d0: 3539 2072 646d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 59 rdmsr.-------\n+000317e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+000317f0: 616e 643a 3a20 7264 6d73 7220 3078 4144 and:: rdmsr 0xAD\n+00031800: 4452 205b 2d76 2056 4152 4e41 4d45 5d0a DR [-v VARNAME].\n+00031810: 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 6d6f 6465 Read a mode\n+00031820: 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 l-specific regis\n+00031830: 7465 7220 6174 2061 6464 7265 7373 2030 ter at address 0\n+00031840: 7841 4444 522e 2049 6620 7468 6520 7061 xADDR. If the pa\n+00031850: 7261 6d65 7465 720a 2020 2020 2027 2d76 rameter. '-v\n+00031860: 2720 6973 2075 7365 6420 616e 6420 616e ' is used and an\n+00031870: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00031880: 6961 626c 6520 5641 524e 414d 4520 6973 iable VARNAME is\n+00031890: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 given, set that\n+000318a0: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e . environmen\n+000318b0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 t variable to th\n+000318c0: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2077 6173 e value that was\n+000318d0: 2072 6561 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 read... Ple\n+000318e0: 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6f6e ase note that on\n+000318f0: 2053 4d50 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7265 SMP systems, re\n+00031900: 6164 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 204d 5352 ading from a MSR\n+00031910: 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 610a 2020 2020 that has a. \n+00031920: 2073 636f 7065 2070 6572 2068 6172 6477 scope per hardw\n+00031930: 6172 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 696d 706c are thread, impl\n+00031940: 6965 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2076 616c ies that the val\n+00031950: 7565 2074 6861 7420 6973 2072 6574 7572 ue that is retur\n+00031960: 6e65 640a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6170 ned. only ap\n+00031970: 706c 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 plies to the par\n+00031980: 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6370 752f 636f 7265 ticular cpu/core\n+00031990: 2f74 6872 6561 6420 7468 6174 2072 756e /thread that run\n+000319a0: 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 s the. comma\n+000319b0: 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 nd... Also, \n+000319c0: 6966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 if you specify a\n+000319d0: 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 reserved or uni\n+000319e0: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 mplemented MSR a\n+000319f0: 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 ddress, it. \n+00031a00: 7769 6c6c 2063 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e will cause a gen\n+00031a10: 6572 616c 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 eral protection \n+00031a20: 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 exception (which\n+00031a30: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c is not currentl\n+00031a40: 790a 2020 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e y. being han\n+00031a50: 646c 6564 2920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 dled) and the sy\n+00031a60: 7374 656d 2077 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 stem will reboot\n+00031a70: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00031a80: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6561 info, Node: rea\n+00031a90: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 d, Next: reboot\n+00031aa0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 , Prev: rdmsr, \n+00031ab0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00031ac0: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n+00031ad0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n+00031ae0: 3630 2072 6561 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 60 read.--------\n+00031af0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00031b00: 643a 2072 6561 6420 5b76 6172 5d0a 2020 d: read [var]. \n+00031b10: 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 6c69 6e65 206f Read a line o\n+00031b20: 6620 696e 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 f input from the\n+00031b30: 2075 7365 722e 2020 4966 2061 6e20 656e user. If an en\n+00031b40: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00031b50: 6c65 2056 4152 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2067 le VAR. is g\n+00031b60: 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 2065 iven, set that e\n+00031b70: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00031b80: 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 ble to the line \n+00031b90: 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6861 740a 2020 of input that. \n+00031ba0: 2020 2077 6173 2072 6561 642c 2077 6974 was read, wit\n+00031bb0: 6820 6e6f 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7469 6e67 h no terminating\n+00031bc0: 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c newline.....Fil\n+00031bd0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00031be0: 6f64 653a 2072 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 ode: reboot, Ne\n+00031bf0: 7874 3a20 7265 6765 7870 2c20 2050 7265 xt: regexp, Pre\n+00031c00: 763a 2072 6561 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: read, Up: Co\n+00031c10: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n+00031c20: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n+00031c30: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e36 3120 7265 626f ds..16.3.61 rebo\n+00031c40: 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ot.-------------\n+00031c50: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00031c60: 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 5265 626f reboot. Rebo\n+00031c70: 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e ot the computer.\n+00031c80: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00031c90: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6765 nfo, Node: rege\n+00031ca0: 7870 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6d6d 6f64 xp, Next: rmmod\n+00031cb0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6562 6f6f 742c , Prev: reboot,\n+00031cc0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00031cd0: 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ne and menu entr\n+00031ce0: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 y commands..16.3\n+00031cf0: 2e36 3220 7265 6765 7870 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .62 regexp.-----\n+00031d00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00031d10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 6765 7870 205b ommand: regexp [\n+00031d20: 2d2d 7365 7420 5b6e 756d 6265 723a 5d76 --set [number:]v\n+00031d30: 6172 5d20 7265 6765 7870 2073 7472 696e ar] regexp strin\n+00031d40: 670a 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 6966 2072 g. Test if r\n+00031d50: 6567 756c 6172 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f egular expressio\n+00031d60: 6e20 5245 4745 5850 206d 6174 6368 6573 n REGEXP matches\n+00031d70: 2053 5452 494e 472e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 STRING. Suppor\n+00031d80: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2072 6567 756c 6172 ted. regular\n+00031d90: 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2061 7265 expressions are\n+00031da0: 2050 4f53 4958 2e32 2045 7874 656e 6465 POSIX.2 Extende\n+00031db0: 6420 5265 6775 6c61 7220 4578 7072 6573 d Regular Expres\n+00031dc0: 7369 6f6e 732e 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 sions. If. \n+00031dd0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2027 2d2d 7365 7427 2069 option '--set' i\n+00031de0: 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 746f 7265 204e s given, store N\n+00031df0: 554d 4245 5274 6820 6d61 7463 6865 6420 UMBERth matched \n+00031e00: 7375 6265 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 696e subexpression in\n+00031e10: 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 . variable V\n+00031e20: 4152 2e20 2053 7562 6578 7072 6573 7369 AR. Subexpressi\n+00031e30: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 6564 ons are numbered\n+00031e40: 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2074 6865 in order of the\n+00031e50: 6972 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 656e 696e 6720 ir. opening \n+00031e60: 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 7374 6172 parentheses star\n+00031e70: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 2731 272e 2020 ting from '1'. \n+00031e80: 4e55 4d42 4552 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 NUMBER defaults \n+00031e90: 746f 2027 3127 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a to '1'.....File:\n+00031ea0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00031eb0: 653a 2072 6d6d 6f64 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: rmmod, Next:\n+00031ec0: 2073 6176 655f 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 save_env, Prev\n+00031ed0: 3a20 7265 6765 7870 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : regexp, Up: C\n+00031ee0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n+00031ef0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n+00031f00: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3633 2072 6d6d nds..16.3.63 rmm\n+00031f10: 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d od.-------------\n+00031f20: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 .. -- Command: r\n+00031f30: 6d6d 6f64 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 2020 mmod module. \n+00031f40: 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6c6f 6164 6564 Remove a loaded\n+00031f50: 204d 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 MODULE.....File\n+00031f60: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00031f70: 6465 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e de: save_env, N\n+00031f80: 6578 743a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 5072 ext: search, Pr\n+00031f90: 6576 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: rmmod, Up: \n+00031fa0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+00031fb0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+00031fc0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e36 3420 7361 ands..16.3.64 sa\n+00031fd0: 7665 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ve_env.---------\n+00031fe0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00031ff0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 205b mand: save_env [\n+00032000: 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d 2076 6172 --file file] var\n+00032010: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5361 7665 2074 .... Save t\n+00032020: 6865 206e 616d 6564 2076 6172 6961 626c he named variabl\n+00032030: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 656e 7669 es from the envi\n+00032040: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2065 ronment to the e\n+00032050: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 nvironment. \n+00032060: 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f block file. *No\n+00032070: 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 te Environment b\n+00032080: 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 lock::... Th\n+00032090: 6520 272d 2d66 696c 6527 206f 7074 696f e '--file' optio\n+000320a0: 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 6520 n overrides the \n+000320b0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e default location\n+000320c0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 of the. env\n+000320d0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a ironment block..\n+000320e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n+000320f0: 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 6520 nd will operate \n+00032100: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2065 7665 successfully eve\n+00032110: 6e20 7768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 n when environme\n+00032120: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 nt. variable\n+00032130: 2027 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 'check_signatur\n+00032140: 6573 2720 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2765 es' is set to 'e\n+00032150: 6e66 6f72 6365 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 nforce' (*note. \n+00032160: 2020 2020 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 check_signat\n+00032170: 7572 6573 3a3a 292c 2073 696e 6365 2069 ures::), since i\n+00032180: 7420 7772 6974 6573 2074 6f20 6469 736b t writes to disk\n+00032190: 2061 6e64 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 616c and does not al\n+000321a0: 7465 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 6568 ter the. beh\n+000321b0: 6176 696f 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 6261 avior of GRUB ba\n+000321c0: 7365 6420 6f6e 2061 6e79 2063 6f6e 7465 sed on any conte\n+000321d0: 6e74 7320 6f66 2064 6973 6b20 7468 6174 nts of disk that\n+000321e0: 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 2072 6561 642e have been read.\n+000321f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 706f 7373 . It is poss\n+00032200: 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 6d6f 6469 6679 2061 ible to modify a\n+00032210: 2064 6967 6974 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 digitally signe\n+00032220: 6420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c d environment bl\n+00032230: 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 6672 ock file. fr\n+00032240: 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 4752 5542 2075 om within GRUB u\n+00032250: 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e sing this comman\n+00032260: 642c 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 2069 7473 d, such that its\n+00032270: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2077 696c 6c0a signature will.\n+00032280: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 6c6f 6e67 6572 2062 no longer b\n+00032290: 6520 7661 6c69 6420 6f6e 2073 7562 7365 e valid on subse\n+000322a0: 7175 656e 7420 626f 6f74 732e 2020 4361 quent boots. Ca\n+000322b0: 7265 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2074 616b re should be tak\n+000322c0: 656e 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2073 7563 6820 en in. such \n+000322d0: 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 advanced configu\n+000322e0: 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2061 766f 6964 rations to avoid\n+000322f0: 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2073 rendering the s\n+00032300: 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2075 6e62 6f6f ystem. unboo\n+00032310: 7461 626c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 table. *Note Us\n+00032320: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital sign\n+00032330: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f atures::, for mo\n+00032340: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 re. informat\n+00032350: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n+00032360: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00032370: 7365 6172 6368 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 search, Next: s\n+00032380: 656e 646b 6579 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 endkey, Prev: s\n+00032390: 6176 655f 656e 762c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ave_env, Up: Co\n+000323a0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n+000323b0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n+000323c0: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e36 3520 7365 6172 ds..16.3.65 sear\n+000323d0: 6368 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ch.-------------\n+000323e0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+000323f0: 7365 6172 6368 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 7c2d search [--file|-\n+00032400: 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 -label|--fs-uuid\n+00032410: 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 7661 725d 5d0a ] [--set [var]].\n+00032420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d [--no-\n+00032430: 666c 6f70 7079 5d20 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 floppy] name. \n+00032440: 2020 5365 6172 6368 2064 6576 6963 6573 Search devices\n+00032450: 2062 7920 6669 6c65 2028 272d 6627 2c20 by file ('-f', \n+00032460: 272d 2d66 696c 6527 292c 2066 696c 6573 '--file'), files\n+00032470: 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 6c20 2827 2d6c ystem label ('-l\n+00032480: 272c 0a20 2020 2020 272d 2d6c 6162 656c ',. '--label\n+00032490: 2729 2c20 6f72 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 '), or filesyste\n+000324a0: 6d20 5555 4944 2028 272d 7527 2c20 272d m UUID ('-u', '-\n+000324b0: 2d66 732d 7575 6964 2729 2e0a 0a20 2020 -fs-uuid')... \n+000324c0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2027 2d2d 7365 7427 If the '--set'\n+000324d0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c option is used,\n+000324e0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2064 6576 6963 the first devic\n+000324f0: 6520 666f 756e 6420 6973 2073 6574 2061 e found is set a\n+00032500: 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 s the. value\n+00032510: 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 of environment \n+00032520: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2e20 2054 variable VAR. T\n+00032530: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2076 6172 6961 he default varia\n+00032540: 626c 6520 6973 2027 726f 6f74 272e 0a0a ble is 'root'...\n+00032550: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2027 2d2d 6e6f 2d66 The '--no-f\n+00032560: 6c6f 7070 7927 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7072 loppy' option pr\n+00032570: 6576 656e 7473 2073 6561 7263 6869 6e67 events searching\n+00032580: 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 6465 7669 6365 732c floppy devices,\n+00032590: 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6e20 which. can \n+000325a0: 6265 2073 6c6f 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 be slow... T\n+000325b0: 6865 2027 7365 6172 6368 2e66 696c 6527 he 'search.file'\n+000325c0: 2c20 2773 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 , 'search.fs_lab\n+000325d0: 656c 272c 2061 6e64 2027 7365 6172 6368 el', and 'search\n+000325e0: 2e66 735f 7575 6964 2720 636f 6d6d 616e .fs_uuid' comman\n+000325f0: 6473 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 616c 6961 ds. are alia\n+00032600: 7365 7320 666f 7220 2773 6561 7263 6820 ses for 'search \n+00032610: 2d2d 6669 6c65 272c 2027 7365 6172 6368 --file', 'search\n+00032620: 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 272c 2061 6e64 2027 --label', and '\n+00032630: 7365 6172 6368 0a20 2020 2020 2d2d 6673 search. --fs\n+00032640: 2d75 7569 6427 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 -uuid' respectiv\n+00032650: 656c 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ely.....File: gr\n+00032660: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00032670: 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 sendkey, Next: \n+00032680: 7365 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 6172 set, Prev: sear\n+00032690: 6368 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ch, Up: Command\n+000326a0: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 -line and menu e\n+000326b0: 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ntry commands..1\n+000326c0: 362e 332e 3636 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a2d 6.3.66 sendkey.-\n+000326d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+000326e0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 656e -- Command: sen\n+000326f0: 646b 6579 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b dkey. [\n+00032700: 2d2d 6e75 6d7c 2d2d 6361 7073 7c2d 2d73 --num|--caps|--s\n+00032710: 6372 6f6c 6c7c 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 7c2d croll|--insert|-\n+00032720: 2d70 6175 7365 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 7368 -pause|--left-sh\n+00032730: 6966 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 7368 6966 ift|--right-shif\n+00032740: 747c 2d2d 7379 7372 717c 2d2d 6e75 6d6b t|--sysrq|--numk\n+00032750: 6579 7c2d 2d63 6170 736b 6579 7c2d 2d73 ey|--capskey|--s\n+00032760: 6372 6f6c 6c6b 6579 7c2d 2d69 6e73 6572 crollkey|--inser\n+00032770: 746b 6579 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 616c 747c tkey|--left-alt|\n+00032780: 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 616c 747c 2d2d 6c65 --right-alt|--le\n+00032790: 6674 2d63 7472 6c7c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d ft-ctrl|--right-\n+000327a0: 6374 726c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f ctrl. o\n+000327b0: 6e7c 6f66 665d 2e2e 2e20 5b6e 6f2d 6c65 n|off]... [no-le\n+000327c0: 645d 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 0a20 2020 d] keystroke. \n+000327d0: 2020 496e 7365 7274 206b 6579 7374 726f Insert keystro\n+000327e0: 6b65 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 206b 6579 kes into the key\n+000327f0: 626f 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 2077 6865 board buffer whe\n+00032800: 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 536f 6d65 n booting. 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*.\n-00032bb0: 2020 2020 2070 6172 656e 6c65 6674 2020 parenleft \n+00032b60: 2020 2020 2020 5e0a 2020 2020 2061 6d70 ^. amp\n+00032b70: 6572 7361 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ersand \n+00032b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2026 0a20 2020 &. \n+00032b90: 2020 6173 7465 7269 736b 2020 2020 2020 asterisk \n+00032ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00032bb0: 2a0a 2020 2020 2070 6172 656e 6c65 6674 *. parenleft\n 00032bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00032bd0: 2020 2028 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7265 6e72 (. parenr\n-00032be0: 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ight \n-00032bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 290a 2020 2020 206d ). m\n-00032c00: 696e 7573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 inus \n-00032c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 0a20 -. \n-00032c20: 2020 2020 756e 6465 7273 636f 7265 2020 underscore \n+00032bd0: 2020 2020 2028 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7265 (. pare\n+00032be0: 6e72 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nright \n+00032bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 290a 2020 2020 ). \n+00032c00: 206d 696e 7573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 minus \n+00032c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d -\n+00032c20: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6465 7273 636f 7265 . underscore\n 00032c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00032c40: 2020 5f0a 2020 2020 2065 7175 616c 2020 _. equal \n+00032c40: 2020 2020 5f0a 2020 2020 2065 7175 616c _. equal\n 00032c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00032c60: 2020 2020 2020 203d 0a20 2020 2020 706c =. pl\n-00032c70: 7573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 us \n-00032c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2b0a 2020 +. \n-00032c90: 2020 2062 6163 6b73 7061 6365 2020 2020 backspace \n+00032c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203d 0a20 2020 2020 =. \n+00032c70: 706c 7573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 plus \n+00032c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2b0a +.\n+00032c90: 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b73 7061 6365 2020 backspace \n 00032ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00032cb0: 2042 6163 6b73 7061 6365 0a20 2020 2020 Backspace. \n-00032cc0: 7461 6220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tab \n-00032cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5461 Ta\n-00032ce0: 620a 2020 2020 2062 7261 636b 6574 6c65 b. bracketle\n-00032cf0: 6674 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ft \n-00032d00: 2020 2020 205b 0a20 2020 2020 6272 6163 [. brac\n-00032d10: 656c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eleft \n-00032d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 2020 {. \n-00032d30: 2062 7261 636b 6574 7269 6768 7420 2020 bracketright \n-00032d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 205d ]\n-00032d50: 0a20 2020 2020 6272 6163 6572 6967 6874 . braceright\n-00032d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00032d70: 2020 2020 7d0a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6572 }. enter\n-00032d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00032d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 0a20 Enter. \n-00032da0: 2020 2020 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 2020 2020 control \n+00032cb0: 2020 2042 6163 6b73 7061 6365 0a20 2020 Backspace. \n+00032cc0: 2020 7461 6220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tab \n+00032cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00032ce0: 5461 620a 2020 2020 2062 7261 636b 6574 Tab. bracket\n+00032cf0: 6c65 6674 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 left \n+00032d00: 2020 2020 2020 205b 0a20 2020 2020 6272 [. br\n+00032d10: 6163 656c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 aceleft \n+00032d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7b0a 2020 {. \n+00032d30: 2020 2062 7261 636b 6574 7269 6768 7420 bracketright \n+00032d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00032d50: 205d 0a20 2020 2020 6272 6163 6572 6967 ]. bracerig\n+00032d60: 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ht \n+00032d70: 2020 2020 2020 7d0a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 }. ent\n+00032d80: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n+00032d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 Enter\n+00032da0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 2020 . control \n 00032db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00032dc0: 2020 7072 6573 7320 616e 6420 7265 6c65 press and rele\n-00032dd0: 6173 6520 436f 6e74 726f 6c0a 2020 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2020 2020 \n-00033020: 3f0a 2020 2020 2072 7368 6966 7420 2020 ?. rshift \n+00033020: 2020 3f0a 2020 2020 2072 7368 6966 7420 ?. rshift \n 00033030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033040: 2020 2020 2070 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2072 press and r\n-00033050: 656c 6561 7365 2072 6967 6874 2053 6869 elease right Shi\n-00033060: 6674 0a20 2020 2020 616c 7420 2020 2020 ft. alt \n+00033040: 2020 2020 2020 2070 7265 7373 2061 6e64 press and\n+00033050: 2072 656c 6561 7365 2072 6967 6874 2053 release right S\n+00033060: 6869 6674 0a20 2020 2020 616c 7420 2020 hift. alt \n 00033070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033080: 2020 2020 2020 7072 6573 7320 616e 6420 press and \n-00033090: 7265 6c65 6173 6520 416c 740a 2020 2020 release Alt. \n-000330a0: 2073 7061 6365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 space \n-000330b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-000330c0: 7061 6365 2062 6172 0a20 2020 2020 6361 pace bar. ca\n-000330d0: 7073 6c6f 636b 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 pslock 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F1 \n+00033080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6573 7320 616e press an\n+00033090: 6420 7265 6c65 6173 6520 416c 740a 2020 d release Alt. \n+000330a0: 2020 2073 7061 6365 2020 2020 2020 2020 space \n+000330b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000330c0: 2073 7061 6365 2062 6172 0a20 2020 2020 space bar. \n+000330d0: 6361 7073 6c6f 636b 2020 2020 2020 2020 capslock \n+000330e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4361 Ca\n+000330f0: 7073 204c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2046 3120 ps Lock. F1 \n 00033100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 310a 2020 2020 F1. \n-00033120: 2046 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F2 \n-00033130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 F\n-00033140: 320a 2020 2020 2046 3320 2020 2020 2020 2. F3 \n+00033110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 310a 2020 F1. \n+00033120: 2020 2046 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F2 \n+00033130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00033140: 2046 320a 2020 2020 2046 3320 2020 2020 F2. F3 \n 00033150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033160: 2020 2020 2046 330a 2020 2020 2046 3420 F3. F4 \n-00033170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 340a 2020 F4. \n-00033190: 2020 2046 3520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F5 \n+00033160: 2020 2020 2020 2046 330a 2020 2020 2046 F3. F\n+00033170: 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4 \n+00033180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 340a F4.\n+00033190: 2020 2020 2046 3520 2020 2020 2020 2020 F5 \n 000331a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000331b0: 2046 350a 2020 2020 2046 3620 2020 2020 F5. F6 \n+000331b0: 2020 2046 350a 2020 2020 2046 3620 2020 F5. F6 \n 000331c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000331d0: 2020 2020 2020 2046 360a 2020 2020 2046 F6. F\n-000331e0: 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7 \n-000331f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 370a F7.\n-00033200: 2020 2020 2046 3820 2020 2020 2020 2020 F8 \n+000331d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 360a 2020 2020 F6. \n+000331e0: 2046 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F7 \n+000331f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 F\n+00033200: 370a 2020 2020 2046 3820 2020 2020 2020 7. F8 \n 00033210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033220: 2020 2046 380a 2020 2020 2046 3920 2020 F8. F9 \n+00033220: 2020 2020 2046 380a 2020 2020 2046 3920 F8. F9 \n 00033230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 390a 2020 2020 F9. \n-00033250: 2046 3130 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F10 \n-00033260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 F\n-00033270: 3130 0a20 2020 2020 4631 3120 2020 2020 10. F11 \n+00033240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 390a 2020 F9. \n+00033250: 2020 2046 3130 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F10 \n+00033260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00033270: 2046 3130 0a20 2020 2020 4631 3120 2020 F10. F11 \n 00033280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033290: 2020 2020 2020 4631 310a 2020 2020 2046 F11. F\n-000332a0: 3132 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 12 \n-000332b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 3132 F12\n-000332c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d31 2020 2020 2020 . num1 \n+00033290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 310a 2020 2020 F11. \n+000332a0: 2046 3132 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F12 \n+000332b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 F\n+000332c0: 3132 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d31 2020 2020 12. num1 \n 000332d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000332e0: 2020 2020 3120 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 1 (numeric k\n-000332f0: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d32 eypad). num2\n-00033300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3220 286e 756d 2 (num\n-00033320: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-00033330: 2020 6e75 6d33 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num3 \n+000332e0: 2020 2020 2020 3120 286e 756d 6572 6963 1 (numeric\n+000332f0: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+00033300: 6d32 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m2 \n+00033310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3220 286e 2 (n\n+00033320: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+00033330: 2020 2020 6e75 6d33 2020 2020 2020 2020 num3 \n 00033340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033350: 3320 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 3 (numeric keypa\n-00033360: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d34 2020 2020 d). num4 \n+00033350: 2020 3320 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 3 (numeric key\n+00033360: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d34 2020 pad). num4 \n 00033370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033380: 2020 2020 2020 3420 286e 756d 6572 6963 4 (numeric\n-00033390: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-000333a0: 6d35 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m5 \n-000333b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3520 286e 5 (n\n-000333c0: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-000333d0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d36 2020 2020 2020 2020 num6 \n+00033380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3420 286e 756d 6572 4 (numer\n+00033390: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n+000333a0: 6e75 6d35 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num5 \n+000333b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3520 5 \n+000333c0: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+000333d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d36 2020 2020 2020 . num6 \n 000333e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000333f0: 2020 3620 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 6 (numeric key\n-00033400: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d37 2020 pad). num7 \n+000333f0: 2020 2020 3620 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6 (numeric k\n+00033400: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d37 eypad). num7\n 00033410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3720 286e 756d 6572 7 (numer\n-00033430: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-00033440: 6e75 6d38 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num8 \n-00033450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3820 8 \n-00033460: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n-00033470: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d39 2020 2020 2020 . num9 \n+00033420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3720 286e 756d 7 (num\n+00033430: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+00033440: 2020 6e75 6d38 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num8 \n+00033450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00033460: 3820 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 8 (numeric keypa\n+00033470: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d39 2020 2020 d). num9 \n 00033480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033490: 2020 2020 3920 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 9 (numeric k\n-000334a0: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d30 eypad). num0\n-000334b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000334c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3020 286e 756d 0 (num\n-000334d0: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-000334e0: 2020 6e75 6d70 6572 696f 6420 2020 2020 numperiod \n+00033490: 2020 2020 2020 3920 286e 756d 6572 6963 9 (numeric\n+000334a0: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+000334b0: 6d30 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m0 \n+000334c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3020 286e 0 (n\n+000334d0: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+000334e0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6572 696f 6420 2020 numperiod \n 000334f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033500: 2e20 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 . (numeric keyp\n-00033510: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 656e 6420 ad). numend \n-00033520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033530: 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e64 2028 6e75 6d65 End (nume\n-00033540: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-00033550: 206e 756d 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 numdown \n-00033560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 D\n-00033570: 6f77 6e20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 own (numeric key\n-00033580: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6764 pad). numpgd\n-00033590: 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 own \n-000335a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2044 6f77 Page Dow\n-000335b0: 6e20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 n (numeric keypa\n-000335c0: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d6c 6566 7420 d). numleft \n-000335d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000335e0: 2020 2020 2020 4c65 6674 2028 6e75 6d65 Left (nume\n-000335f0: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-00033600: 206e 756d 6365 6e74 6572 2020 2020 2020 numcenter \n-00033610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2035 5\n-00033620: 2077 6974 6820 4e75 6d20 4c6f 636b 2069 with Num Lock i\n-00033630: 6e61 6374 6976 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 nactive (numeric\n-00033640: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00033500: 2020 2e20 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 . (numeric ke\n+00033510: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 656e ypad). numen\n+00033520: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d \n+00033530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e64 2028 6e75 End (nu\n+00033540: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+00033550: 2020 206e 756d 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 numdown \n+00033560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00033570: 2044 6f77 6e20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b Down (numeric k\n+00033580: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 eypad). nump\n+00033590: 6764 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 gdown \n+000335a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2044 Page D\n+000335b0: 6f77 6e20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 own (numeric key\n+000335c0: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d6c 6566 pad). numlef\n+000335d0: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n+000335e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c65 6674 2028 6e75 Left (nu\n+000335f0: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+00033600: 2020 206e 756d 6365 6e74 6572 2020 2020 numcenter \n+00033610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00033620: 2035 2077 6974 6820 4e75 6d20 4c6f 636b 5 with Num Lock\n+00033630: 2069 6e61 6374 6976 6520 286e 756d 6572 inactive (numer\n+00033640: 6963 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ic. \n 00033650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033660: 2020 2020 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 keypad). \n-00033670: 206e 756d 7269 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 numright \n-00033680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n-00033690: 6967 6874 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 ight (numeric ke\n-000336a0: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 686f ypad). numho\n-000336b0: 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 me \n-000336c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f6d 6520 286e Home (n\n-000336d0: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-000336e0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d75 7020 2020 2020 2020 numup \n+00033660: 2020 2020 2020 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 keypad). \n+00033670: 2020 206e 756d 7269 6768 7420 2020 2020 numright \n+00033680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00033690: 2052 6967 6874 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 Right (numeric \n+000336a0: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+000336b0: 686f 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 home \n+000336c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f6d 6520 Home \n+000336d0: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+000336e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d75 7020 2020 2020 . numup \n 000336f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033700: 2020 5570 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 Up (numeric ke\n-00033710: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7067 ypad). numpg\n-00033720: 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up \n-00033730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 5570 Page Up\n-00033740: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-00033750: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 696e 7365 7274 ). numinsert\n-00033760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033770: 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 7420 286e 756d Insert (num\n-00033780: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-00033790: 2020 6e75 6d64 656c 6574 6520 2020 2020 numdelete \n+00033700: 2020 2020 5570 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 Up (numeric \n+00033710: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+00033720: 7067 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 pgup \n+00033730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 Page \n+00033740: 5570 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 Up (numeric keyp\n+00033750: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 696e 7365 ad). numinse\n+00033760: 7274 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rt \n+00033770: 2020 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 7420 286e Insert (n\n+00033780: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+00033790: 2020 2020 6e75 6d64 656c 6574 6520 2020 numdelete \n 000337a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000337b0: 4465 6c65 7465 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 Delete (numeric \n-000337c0: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n-000337d0: 6173 7465 7269 736b 2020 2020 2020 2020 asterisk \n-000337e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 2028 6e75 * (nu\n-000337f0: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-00033800: 2020 206e 756d 6d69 6e75 7320 2020 2020 numminus \n+000337b0: 2020 4465 6c65 7465 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 Delete (numeri\n+000337c0: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n+000337d0: 756d 6173 7465 7269 736b 2020 2020 2020 umasterisk \n+000337e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 2028 * (\n+000337f0: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+00033800: 2020 2020 206e 756d 6d69 6e75 7320 2020 numminus \n 00033810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033820: 202d 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 - (numeric keyp\n-00033830: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 706c 7573 ad). numplus\n-00033840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033850: 2020 2020 2020 202b 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 + (numeri\n-00033860: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-00033870: 756d 736c 6173 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 umslash \n-00033880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 2028 / (\n-00033890: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-000338a0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 656e 7465 7220 2020 numenter \n+00033820: 2020 202d 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 - (numeric ke\n+00033830: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 706c ypad). numpl\n+00033840: 7573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 us \n+00033850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202b 2028 6e75 6d65 + (nume\n+00033860: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+00033870: 206e 756d 736c 6173 6820 2020 2020 2020 numslash \n+00033880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f /\n+00033890: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n+000338a0: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 656e 7465 7220 ). numenter \n 000338b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000338c0: 2020 2045 6e74 6572 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 Enter (numeri\n-000338d0: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 2064 c keypad). d\n-000338e0: 656c 6574 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 elete \n-000338f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 656c Del\n-00033900: 6574 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6572 7420 ete. insert \n-00033910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033920: 2020 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 740a 2020 Insert. \n-00033930: 2020 2068 6f6d 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 home \n+000338c0: 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 2028 6e75 6d65 Enter (nume\n+000338d0: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+000338e0: 2064 656c 6574 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 delete \n+000338f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 D\n+00033900: 656c 6574 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6572 elete. inser\n+00033910: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n+00033920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 740a Insert.\n+00033930: 2020 2020 2068 6f6d 6520 2020 2020 2020 home \n 00033940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033950: 2048 6f6d 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e64 2020 Home. end \n+00033950: 2020 2048 6f6d 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e64 Home. end\n 00033960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e64 0a20 2020 End. \n-00033980: 2020 7067 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 pgdown \n+00033970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e64 0a20 End. \n+00033980: 2020 2020 7067 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 pgdown \n 00033990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000339a0: 5061 6765 2044 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 Page Down. p\n-000339b0: 6775 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 gup \n-000339c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 Pag\n-000339d0: 6520 5570 0a20 2020 2020 646f 776e 2020 e Up. down \n+000339a0: 2020 5061 6765 2044 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 Page Down. \n+000339b0: 2070 6775 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 pgup \n+000339c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 P\n+000339d0: 6167 6520 5570 0a20 2020 2020 646f 776e age Up. down\n 000339e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000339f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 776e 0a20 2020 Down. \n-00033a00: 2020 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up \n+000339f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 776e 0a20 Down. \n+00033a00: 2020 2020 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up \n 00033a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033a20: 5570 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 6674 2020 2020 Up. left \n+00033a20: 2020 5570 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 6674 2020 Up. left \n 00033a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00033a40: 2020 2020 2020 4c65 6674 0a20 2020 2020 Left. \n-00033a50: 7269 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 right \n-00033a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5269 Ri\n-00033a70: 6768 740a 0a20 2020 2020 4173 2077 656c ght.. As wel\n-00033a80: 6c20 6173 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 732c l as keystrokes,\n-00033a90: 2074 6865 2027 7365 6e64 6b65 7927 2063 the 'sendkey' c\n-00033aa0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 616b 6573 2076 6172 ommand takes var\n-00033ab0: 696f 7573 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a20 2020 ious options. \n-00033ac0: 2020 7468 6174 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 that affect th\n-00033ad0: 6520 4249 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 e BIOS keyboard \n-00033ae0: 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6773 2e20 2054 status flags. T\n-00033af0: 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 616b hese options tak\n-00033b00: 6520 616e 0a20 2020 2020 276f 6e27 206f e an. 'on' o\n-00033b10: 7220 276f 6666 2720 7061 7261 6d65 7465 r 'off' paramete\n-00033b20: 722c 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 r, specifying th\n-00033b30: 6174 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e at the correspon\n-00033b40: 6469 6e67 2073 7461 7475 730a 2020 2020 ding status. \n-00033b50: 2066 6c61 6720 6265 2073 6574 206f 7220 flag be set or \n-00033b60: 756e 7365 743b 206f 6d69 7474 696e 6720 unset; omitting \n-00033b70: 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 the option for a\n-00033b80: 2067 6976 656e 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c given status fl\n-00033b90: 6167 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 ag. will lea\n-00033ba0: 7665 2074 6861 7420 666c 6167 2061 7420 ve that flag at \n-00033bb0: 6974 7320 696e 6974 6961 6c20 7374 6174 its initial stat\n-00033bc0: 6520 6174 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 5468 6520 e at boot. The \n-00033bd0: 272d 2d6e 756d 272c 0a20 2020 2020 272d '--num',. '-\n-00033be0: 2d63 6170 7327 2c20 272d 2d73 6372 6f6c -caps', '--scrol\n-00033bf0: 6c27 2c20 616e 6420 272d 2d69 6e73 6572 l', and '--inser\n-00033c00: 7427 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2065 6d75 6c61 t' options emula\n-00033c10: 7465 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 te setting the. \n-00033c20: 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e correspondin\n-00033c30: 6720 6d6f 6465 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 g mode, while th\n-00033c40: 6520 272d 2d6e 756d 6b65 7927 2c20 272d e '--numkey', '-\n-00033c50: 2d63 6170 736b 6579 272c 0a20 2020 2020 -capskey',. \n-00033c60: 272d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c6b 6579 272c 2061 '--scrollkey', a\n-00033c70: 6e64 2027 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 6b65 7927 nd '--insertkey'\n-00033c80: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2065 6d75 6c61 7465 options emulate\n-00033c90: 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 616e 640a 2020 pressing and. \n-00033ca0: 2020 2068 6f6c 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2063 holding the c\n-00033cb0: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 206b 6579 orresponding key\n-00033cc0: 2e20 2054 6865 206f 7468 6572 2073 7461 . The other sta\n-00033cd0: 7475 7320 666c 6167 206f 7074 696f 6e73 tus flag options\n-00033ce0: 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c66 2d65 are. self-e\n-00033cf0: 7870 6c61 6e61 746f 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 xplanatory... \n-00033d00: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2027 2d2d 6e6f 2d6c If the '--no-l\n-00033d10: 6564 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 ed' option is gi\n-00033d20: 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 2073 7461 7475 7320 ven, the status \n-00033d30: 666c 6167 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2077 696c flag options wil\n-00033d40: 6c0a 2020 2020 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 l. have no e\n-00033d50: 6666 6563 7420 6f6e 206b 6579 626f 6172 ffect on keyboar\n-00033d60: 6420 4c45 4473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 d LEDs... If\n-00033d70: 2074 6865 2027 7365 6e64 6b65 7927 2063 the 'sendkey' c\n-00033d80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 ommand is given \n-00033d90: 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2074 696d 6573 2c20 multiple times, \n-00033da0: 7468 656e 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 650a 2020 then only the. \n-00033db0: 2020 206c 6173 7420 696e 766f 6361 7469 last invocati\n-00033dc0: 6f6e 2068 6173 2061 6e79 2065 6666 6563 on has any effec\n-00033dd0: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 696e 6365 2027 t... Since '\n-00033de0: 7365 6e64 6b65 7927 206d 616e 6970 756c sendkey' manipul\n-00033df0: 6174 6573 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 ates the BIOS ke\n-00033e00: 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 722c 2069 yboard buffer, i\n-00033e10: 7420 6d61 7920 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 t may cause. \n-00033e20: 2068 616e 6773 2c20 7265 626f 6f74 732c hangs, reboots,\n-00033e30: 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7220 6d69 7362 6568 or other misbeh\n-00033e40: 6176 696f 7572 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 2073 aviour on some s\n-00033e50: 7973 7465 6d73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a ystems. If the.\n-00033e60: 2020 2020 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 operating s\n-00033e70: 7973 7465 6d20 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ystem or boot lo\n-00033e80: 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 7275 6e73 2061 ader that runs a\n-00033e90: 6674 6572 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2069 fter GRUB uses i\n-00033ea0: 7473 206f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7962 ts own. keyb\n-00033eb0: 6f61 7264 2064 7269 7665 7220 7261 7468 oard driver rath\n-00033ec0: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 4249 4f53 er than the BIOS\n-00033ed0: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6675 6e63 7469 keyboard functi\n-00033ee0: 6f6e 732c 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2027 ons, then. '\n-00033ef0: 7365 6e64 6b65 7927 2077 696c 6c20 6861 sendkey' will ha\n-00033f00: 7665 206e 6f20 6566 6665 6374 2e0a 0a20 ve no effect... \n-00033f10: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 This command\n-00033f20: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 is only availab\n-00033f30: 6c65 206f 6e20 5043 2042 494f 5320 7379 le on PC BIOS sy\n-00033f40: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 stems.....File: \n-00033f50: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00033f60: 3a20 7365 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7368 : set, Next: sh\n-00033f70: 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 a1sum, Prev: se\n-00033f80: 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d ndkey, Up: Comm\n-00033f90: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e and-line and men\n-00033fa0: 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 u entry commands\n-00033fb0: 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e36 3720 7365 740a 2d2d ..16.3.67 set.--\n-00033fc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00033fd0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 7420 5b65 6e76 ommand: set [env\n-00033fe0: 7661 723d 7661 6c75 655d 0a20 2020 2020 var=value]. \n-00033ff0: 5365 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Set the environm\n-00034000: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 4e56 ent variable ENV\n-00034010: 5641 5220 746f 2056 414c 5545 2e20 2049 VAR to VALUE. I\n-00034020: 6620 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 206e f invoked with n\n-00034030: 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 o. arguments\n-00034040: 2c20 7072 696e 7420 616c 6c20 656e 7669 , print all envi\n-00034050: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00034060: 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 2076 616c s with their val\n-00034070: 7565 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ues.....File: gr\n-00034080: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00034090: 7368 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 sha1sum, Next: \n-000340a0: 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 sha256sum, Prev\n-000340b0: 3a20 7365 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d : set, Up: Comm\n-000340c0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e and-line and men\n-000340d0: 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 u entry commands\n-000340e0: 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e36 3820 7368 6131 7375 ..16.3.68 sha1su\n-000340f0: 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d m.--------------\n-00034100: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00034110: 7368 6131 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a sha1sum arg ....\n-00034120: 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 2027 Alias for '\n-00034130: 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 hashsum --hash s\n-00034140: 6861 3120 6172 6720 2e2e 2e27 2e20 2053 ha1 arg ...'. S\n-00034150: 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 6861 7368 ee command 'hash\n-00034160: 7375 6d27 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 sum'. (*note\n-00034170: 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 hashsum::) for \n-00034180: 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e full description\n-00034190: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000341a0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 info, Node: sha\n-000341b0: 3235 3673 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 256sum, Next: s\n-000341c0: 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a ha512sum, Prev:\n-000341d0: 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 sha1sum, Up: C\n-000341e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n-000341f0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n-00034200: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3639 2073 6861 nds..16.3.69 sha\n-00034210: 3235 3673 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 256sum.---------\n-00034220: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00034230: 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d mmand: sha256sum\n-00034240: 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c arg .... Al\n-00034250: 6961 7320 666f 7220 2768 6173 6873 756d ias for 'hashsum\n-00034260: 202d 2d68 6173 6820 7368 6132 3536 2061 --hash sha256 a\n-00034270: 7267 202e 2e2e 272e 2020 5365 6520 636f rg ...'. See co\n-00034280: 6d6d 616e 6420 2768 6173 6873 756d 270a mmand 'hashsum'.\n-00034290: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 7368 (*note hash\n-000342a0: 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 sum::) for full \n-000342b0: 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a description.....\n-000342c0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000342d0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 Node: sha512su\n-000342e0: 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736c 6565 702c m, Next: sleep,\n-000342f0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 Prev: sha256su\n-00034300: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d m, Up: Command-\n-00034310: 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e line and menu en\n-00034320: 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 try commands..16\n-00034330: 2e33 2e37 3020 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d0a .3.70 sha512sum.\n-00034340: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00034350: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00034360: 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e sha512sum arg ..\n-00034370: 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 .. Alias for\n-00034380: 2027 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 'hashsum --hash\n-00034390: 2073 6861 3531 3220 6172 6720 2e2e 2e27 sha512 arg ...'\n-000343a0: 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 . See command '\n-000343b0: 6861 7368 7375 6d27 0a20 2020 2020 282a hashsum'. (*\n-000343c0: 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 note hashsum::) \n-000343d0: 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 for full descrip\n-000343e0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n-000343f0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00034400: 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 sleep, Next: s\n-00034410: 6d62 696f 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 mbios, Prev: sh\n-00034420: 6135 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f a512sum, Up: Co\n-00034430: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n-00034440: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n-00034450: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e37 3120 736c 6565 ds..16.3.71 slee\n-00034460: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a p.-------------.\n-00034470: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 736c . -- Command: sl\n-00034480: 6565 7020 5b2d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 5d20 eep [--verbose] \n-00034490: 5b2d 2d69 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6962 6c65 [--interruptible\n-000344a0: 5d20 636f 756e 740a 2020 2020 2053 6c65 ] count. Sle\n-000344b0: 6570 2066 6f72 2043 4f55 4e54 2073 6563 ep for COUNT sec\n-000344c0: 6f6e 6473 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e onds. If option\n-000344d0: 2027 2d2d 696e 7465 7272 7570 7469 626c '--interruptibl\n-000344e0: 6527 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 0a20 2020 e' is given,. \n-000344f0: 2020 616c 6c6f 7720 7072 6573 7369 6e67 allow pressing\n-00034500: 203c 4553 433e 2c20 3c46 343e 206f 7220 , or \n-00034510: 686f 6c64 696e 6720 646f 776e 203c 5348 holding down to interrup\n-00034530: 740a 2020 2020 2073 6c65 6570 2e20 2057 t. sleep. W\n-00034540: 6974 6820 272d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 2720 ith '--verbose' \n-00034550: 7368 6f77 2063 6f75 6e74 646f 776e 206f show countdown o\n-00034560: 6620 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7365 636f f remaining seco\n-00034570: 6e64 732e 2020 4578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 nds. Exit. \n-00034580: 636f 6465 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2030 code is set to 0\n-00034590: 2069 6620 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6578 7069 if timeout expi\n-000345a0: 7265 6420 616e 6420 746f 2031 2069 6620 red and to 1 if \n-000345b0: 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7761 730a 2020 2020 timeout was. \n-000345c0: 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 2075 7369 interrupted usi\n-000345d0: 6e67 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d65 ng any of the me\n-000345e0: 6e74 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 7973 2e0a 0a1f ntioned keys....\n-000345f0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00034600: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6d62 696f 732c , Node: smbios,\n-00034610: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736f 7572 6365 2c20 Next: source, \n-00034620: 2050 7265 763a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 2055 Prev: sleep, U\n-00034630: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00034640: 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 and menu entry c\n-00034650: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3732 ommands..16.3.72\n-00034660: 2073 6d62 696f 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d smbios.--------\n-00034670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00034680: 616e 643a 2073 6d62 696f 7320 5b2d 2d74 and: smbios [--t\n-00034690: 7970 6520 5459 5045 5d20 5b2d 2d68 616e ype TYPE] [--han\n-000346a0: 646c 6520 4841 4e44 4c45 5d20 5b2d 2d6d dle HANDLE] [--m\n-000346b0: 6174 6368 204d 4154 4348 5d0a 2020 2020 atch MATCH]. \n-000346c0: 2020 2020 2020 282d 2d67 6574 2d62 7974 (--get-byt\n-000346d0: 6520 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 776f 7264 207c e | --get-word |\n-000346e0: 202d 2d67 6574 2d64 776f 7264 207c 202d --get-dword | -\n-000346f0: 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 207c 0a20 2020 -get-qword |. \n-00034700: 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 --get-str\n-00034710: 696e 6720 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 7575 6964 ing | --get-uuid\n-00034720: 2920 4f46 4653 4554 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 ) OFFSET [--set \n-00034730: 5641 5249 4142 4c45 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 VARIABLE]. R\n-00034740: 6574 7269 6576 6520 534d 4249 4f53 2069 etrieve SMBIOS i\n-00034750: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 nformation... \n-00034760: 2020 5468 6520 2773 6d62 696f 7327 2063 The 'smbios' c\n-00034770: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2074 ommand returns t\n-00034780: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6120 6669 he value of a fi\n-00034790: 656c 6420 696e 2061 6e20 534d 4249 4f53 eld in an SMBIOS\n-000347a0: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e . structure.\n-000347b0: 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 The following \n-000347c0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e options determin\n-000347d0: 6520 7768 6963 6820 7374 7275 6374 7572 e which structur\n-000347e0: 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 e to. select\n-000347f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 202a 2053 7065 ... * Spe\n-00034800: 6369 6679 696e 6720 272d 2d74 7970 6527 cifying '--type'\n-00034810: 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2073 7472 will select str\n-00034820: 7563 7475 7265 7320 7769 7468 2061 206d uctures with a m\n-00034830: 6174 6368 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 atching. \n-00034840: 2020 5459 5045 2e20 2054 6865 2074 7970 TYPE. The typ\n-00034850: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 2069 6e74 e can be any int\n-00034860: 6567 6572 2066 726f 6d20 3020 746f 2032 eger from 0 to 2\n-00034870: 3535 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a20 5370 55.. * Sp\n-00034880: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2027 2d2d 6861 6e64 ecifying '--hand\n-00034890: 6c65 2720 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 le' will select \n-000348a0: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2077 6974 6820 structures with \n-000348b0: 6120 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 a matching. \n-000348c0: 2020 2020 2048 414e 444c 452e 2020 5468 HANDLE. Th\n-000348d0: 6520 6861 6e64 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 e handle can be \n-000348e0: 616e 7920 696e 7465 6765 7220 6672 6f6d any integer from\n-000348f0: 2030 2074 6f20 3635 3533 352e 0a20 2020 0 to 65535.. \n-00034900: 2020 2020 202a 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e * Specifyin\n-00034910: 6720 272d 2d6d 6174 6368 2720 7769 6c6c g '--match' will\n-00034920: 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 select structur\n-00034930: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 204d 4154 4348 2069 e number MATCH i\n-00034940: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n the. \n-00034950: 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206c 6973 7420 6f66 filtered list of\n-00034960: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 733b 2065 2e67 structures; e.g\n-00034970: 2e20 2027 736d 6269 6f73 202d 2d74 7970 . 'smbios --typ\n-00034980: 6520 3420 2d2d 6d61 7463 6820 3227 0a20 e 4 --match 2'. \n-00034990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 7365 will se\n-000349a0: 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 lect the second \n-000349b0: 5072 6f63 6573 7320 496e 666f 726d 6174 Process Informat\n-000349c0: 696f 6e20 2854 7970 6520 3429 2073 7472 ion (Type 4) str\n-000349d0: 7563 7475 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ucture.. \n-000349e0: 2020 5468 6520 6c69 7374 2069 7320 616c The list is al\n-000349f0: 7761 7973 206f 7264 6572 6564 2074 6865 ways ordered the\n-00034a00: 2073 616d 6520 6173 2074 6865 2068 6172 same as the har\n-00034a10: 6477 6172 6527 7320 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 dware's SMBIOS. \n-00034a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6162 6c65 2e20 table. \n-00034a30: 2054 6865 206d 6174 6368 206e 756d 6265 The match numbe\n-00034a40: 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 706f 7369 r must be a posi\n-00034a50: 7469 7665 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e20 2049 tive integer. I\n-00034a60: 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 7370 f. unsp\n-00034a70: 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 2066 6972 ecified, the fir\n-00034a80: 7374 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 7374 7275 st matching stru\n-00034a90: 6374 7572 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 cture will be se\n-00034aa0: 6c65 6374 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 lected... Th\n-00034ab0: 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 6f70 7469 e remaining opti\n-00034ac0: 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 ons determine wh\n-00034ad0: 6963 6820 6669 656c 6420 696e 2074 6865 ich field in the\n-00034ae0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 selected SMBIOS\n-00034af0: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 . structure \n-00034b00: 746f 2072 6574 7572 6e2e 2020 4f6e 6c79 to return. Only\n-00034b10: 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 6f70 one of these op\n-00034b20: 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7065 tions may be spe\n-00034b30: 6369 6669 6564 2061 740a 2020 2020 2061 cified at. a\n-00034b40: 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 time... \n-00034b50: 2a20 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 2027 2d2d * When given '--\n-00034b60: 6765 742d 6279 7465 272c 2072 6574 7572 get-byte', retur\n-00034b70: 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 n the value of t\n-00034b80: 6865 2062 7974 6520 6174 0a20 2020 2020 he byte at. \n-00034b90: 2020 2020 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 OFFSET byte\n-00034ba0: 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 s into the selec\n-00034bb0: 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 ted SMBIOS struc\n-00034bc0: 7475 7265 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 ture. It will b\n-00034bd0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 726d e. form\n-00034be0: 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 atted as an unsi\n-00034bf0: 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 gned decimal int\n-00034c00: 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a20 eger.. * \n-00034c10: 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 2027 2d2d 6765 When given '--ge\n-00034c20: 742d 776f 7264 272c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 t-word', return \n-00034c30: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 the value of the\n-00034c40: 2077 6f72 6420 2874 776f 0a20 2020 2020 word (two. \n-00034c50: 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 6174 204f bytes) at O\n-00034c60: 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f FFSET bytes into\n-00034c70: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d the selected SM\n-00034c80: 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 BIOS structure. \n-00034c90: 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 It. wi\n-00034ca0: 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 ll be formatted \n-00034cb0: 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 as an unsigned d\n-00034cc0: 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a ecimal integer..\n-00034cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a20 5768 656e 2067 * When g\n-00034ce0: 6976 656e 2027 2d2d 6765 742d 6477 6f72 iven '--get-dwor\n-00034cf0: 6427 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 d', return the v\n-00034d00: 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 6477 6f72 alue of the dwor\n-00034d10: 6420 2866 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 d (four. \n-00034d20: 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 bytes) at OFFS\n-00034d30: 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 ET bytes into th\n-00034d40: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f e selected SMBIO\n-00034d50: 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 S structure. It\n-00034d60: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 . will \n-00034d70: 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 be formatted as \n-00034d80: 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 an unsigned deci\n-00034d90: 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 mal integer.. \n-00034da0: 2020 2020 202a 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 * When give\n-00034db0: 6e20 272d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 272c n '--get-qword',\n-00034dc0: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 return the valu\n-00034dd0: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2071 776f 7264 2028 e of the qword (\n-00034de0: 6569 6768 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eight. \n-00034df0: 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 bytes) at OFFSET\n-00034e00: 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 bytes into the \n-00034e10: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 selected SMBIOS \n-00034e20: 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 structure. It. \n-00034e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 will be\n-00034e40: 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e formatted as an\n-00034e50: 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 unsigned decima\n-00034e60: 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 l integer.. \n-00034e70: 2020 202a 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 * When given \n-00034e80: 272d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e 6727 2c20 '--get-string', \n-00034e90: 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e return the strin\n-00034ea0: 6720 7769 7468 2069 7473 2069 6e64 6578 g with its index\n-00034eb0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f75 6e64 . found\n-00034ec0: 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 at OFFSET bytes\n-00034ed0: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 into the select\n-00034ee0: 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 ed SMBIOS struct\n-00034ef0: 7572 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 202a 2057 ure.. * W\n-00034f00: 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 272d 2d67 6574 hen given '--get\n-00034f10: 2d75 7569 6427 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 -uuid', return t\n-00034f20: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 he value of the \n-00034f30: 5555 4944 2028 7369 7874 6565 6e0a 2020 UUID (sixteen. \n-00034f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 bytes) a\n-00034f50: 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 t OFFSET bytes i\n-00034f60: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 nto the selected\n-00034f70: 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 SMBIOS structur\n-00034f80: 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. It. \n-00034f90: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 will be formatt\n-00034fa0: 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 7765 722d 6361 7365 ed as lower-case\n-00034fb0: 2068 7970 6865 6e61 7465 6420 6865 7861 hyphenated hexa\n-00034fc0: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 2c0a decimal digits,.\n-00034fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 with t\n-00034fe0: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 6872 6565 2066 he first three f\n-00034ff0: 6965 6c64 7320 6173 206c 6974 746c 652d ields as little-\n-00035000: 656e 6469 616e 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 endian, and the \n-00035010: 7265 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 rest. p\n-00035020: 7269 6e74 6564 2062 7974 652d 6279 2d62 rinted byte-by-b\n-00035030: 7974 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 yte... The d\n-00035040: 6566 6175 6c74 2061 6374 696f 6e20 6973 efault action is\n-00035050: 2074 6f20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7661 to print the va\n-00035060: 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6571 7565 lue of the reque\n-00035070: 7374 6564 2066 6965 6c64 2074 6f0a 2020 sted field to. \n-00035080: 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 the console, \n-00035090: 6275 7420 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e but a variable n\n-000350a0: 616d 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 ame can be speci\n-000350b0: 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 272d 2d73 6574 fied with '--set\n-000350c0: 2720 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6f72 6520 ' to. store \n-000350d0: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 696e 7374 6561 the value instea\n-000350e0: 6420 6f66 2070 7269 6e74 696e 6720 6974 d of printing it\n-000350f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d ... For exam\n-00035100: 706c 652c 2074 6869 7320 7769 6c6c 2073 ple, this will s\n-00035110: 746f 7265 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 6469 tore and then di\n-00035120: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d splay the system\n-00035130: 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 7572 . manufactur\n-00035140: 6572 2773 206e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 er's name... \n-00035150: 2020 2020 2020 736d 6269 6f73 202d 2d74 smbios --t\n-00035160: 7970 6520 3120 2d2d 6765 742d 7374 7269 ype 1 --get-stri\n-00035170: 6e67 2034 202d 2d73 6574 2073 7973 7465 ng 4 --set syste\n-00035180: 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 7572 6572 0a20 m_manufacturer. \n-00035190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6368 6f20 2473 echo $s\n-000351a0: 7973 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 7572 ystem_manufactur\n-000351b0: 6572 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 er....File: grub\n-000351c0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 736f .info, Node: so\n-000351d0: 7572 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 6573 urce, Next: tes\n-000351e0: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 t, Prev: smbios\n-000351f0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00035200: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ine and menu ent\n-00035210: 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ry commands..16.\n-00035220: 332e 3733 2073 6f75 7263 650a 2d2d 2d2d 3.73 source.----\n-00035230: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00035240: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6f75 7263 6520 Command: source \n-00035250: 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2046 file. Read F\n-00035260: 494c 4520 6173 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ILE as a configu\n-00035270: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 7320 ration file, as \n-00035280: 6966 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 if its contents \n-00035290: 6861 6420 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 696e had been. in\n-000352a0: 636f 7270 6f72 6174 6564 2064 6972 6563 corporated direc\n-000352b0: 746c 7920 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 6f75 tly into the sou\n-000352c0: 7263 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2e20 2055 6e6c rcing file. Unl\n-000352d0: 696b 6520 2763 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6527 ike 'configfile'\n-000352e0: 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6e . (*note con\n-000352f0: 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 2c20 7468 6973 figfile::), this\n-00035300: 2065 7865 6375 7465 7320 7468 6520 636f executes the co\n-00035310: 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 4649 4c45 2077 ntents of FILE w\n-00035320: 6974 686f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6368 616e ithout. chan\n-00035330: 6769 6e67 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 3a20 616e ging context: an\n-00035340: 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 y environment va\n-00035350: 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 206d riable changes m\n-00035360: 6164 6520 6279 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ade by the. \n-00035370: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 commands in FILE\n-00035380: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 7265 7365 7276 will be preserv\n-00035390: 6564 2061 6674 6572 2027 736f 7572 6365 ed after 'source\n-000353a0: 2720 7265 7475 726e 732c 2061 6e64 2074 ' returns, and t\n-000353b0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2077 696c he. menu wil\n-000353c0: 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2073 686f 776e 2069 l not be shown i\n-000353d0: 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 mmediately.....F\n-000353e0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000353f0: 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6573 742c 2020 4e65 Node: test, Ne\n-00035400: 7874 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 2050 7265 763a xt: true, Prev:\n-00035410: 2073 6f75 7263 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f source, Up: Co\n-00035420: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n-00035430: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n-00035440: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e37 3420 7465 7374 ds..16.3.74 test\n-00035450: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 .------------.. \n-00035460: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 7374 -- Command: test\n-00035470: 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 expression. \n-00035480: 2045 7661 6c75 6174 6520 4558 5052 4553 Evaluate EXPRES\n-00035490: 5349 4f4e 2061 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e20 SION and return \n-000354a0: 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 zero exit status\n-000354b0: 2069 6620 7265 7375 6c74 2069 7320 7472 if result is tr\n-000354c0: 7565 2c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 ue,. non zer\n-000354d0: 6f20 7374 6174 7573 206f 7468 6572 7769 o status otherwi\n-000354e0: 7365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 se... EXPRES\n-000354f0: 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 3a0a SION is one of:.\n-00035500: 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 273d . STRING1 '=\n-00035510: 3d27 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 =' STRING2. \n-00035520: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 the strings\n-00035530: 2061 7265 2065 7175 616c 0a20 2020 2020 are equal. \n-00035540: 5354 5249 4e47 3120 2721 3d27 2053 5452 STRING1 '!=' STR\n-00035550: 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 ING2. t\n-00035560: 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 7265 206e he strings are n\n-00035570: 6f74 2065 7175 616c 0a20 2020 2020 5354 ot equal. ST\n-00035580: 5249 4e47 3120 273c 2720 5354 5249 4e47 RING1 '<' STRING\n-00035590: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 2. STRI\n-000355a0: 4e47 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 NG1 is lexicogra\n-000355b0: 7068 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6573 7320 7468 phically less th\n-000355c0: 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 an STRING2. \n-000355d0: 5354 5249 4e47 3120 273c 3d27 2053 5452 STRING1 '<=' STR\n-000355e0: 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 ING2. S\n-000355f0: 5452 494e 4731 2069 7320 6c65 7869 636f TRING1 is lexico\n-00035600: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 6c65 7373 graphically less\n-00035610: 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 7468 616e 2053 or equal than S\n-00035620: 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 TRING2. STRI\n-00035630: 4e47 3120 273e 2720 5354 5249 4e47 320a NG1 '>' STRING2.\n-00035640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 STRING\n-00035650: 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 1 is lexicograph\n-00035660: 6963 616c 6c79 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 ically greater t\n-00035670: 6861 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 han STRING2. \n-00035680: 2053 5452 494e 4731 2027 3e3d 2720 5354 STRING1 '>=' ST\n-00035690: 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 RING2. \n-000356a0: 5354 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 STRING1 is lexic\n-000356b0: 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 2067 7265 ographically gre\n-000356c0: 6174 6572 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 7468 ater or equal th\n-000356d0: 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 an STRING2. \n-000356e0: 494e 5445 4745 5231 2027 2d65 7127 2049 INTEGER1 '-eq' I\n-000356f0: 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 NTEGER2. \n-00035700: 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6571 INTEGER1 is eq\n-00035710: 7561 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a ual to INTEGER2.\n-00035720: 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 272d INTEGER1 '-\n-00035730: 6765 2720 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 ge' INTEGER2. \n-00035740: 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 INTEGER1 \n-00035750: 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 is greater than \n-00035760: 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e 5445 or equal to INTE\n-00035770: 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 GER2. 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INTEG\n-00035860: 4552 3120 272d 6e65 2720 494e 5445 4745 ER1 '-ne' INTEGE\n-00035870: 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 R2. INT\n-00035880: 4547 4552 3120 6973 206e 6f74 2065 7175 EGER1 is not equ\n-00035890: 616c 2074 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 al to INTEGER2. \n-000358a0: 2020 2020 5052 4546 4958 494e 5445 4745 PREFIXINTEGE\n-000358b0: 5231 2027 2d70 6774 2720 5052 4546 4958 R1 '-pgt' PREFIX\n-000358c0: 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n-000358d0: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 2067 INTEGER1 is g\n-000358e0: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 494e 5445 reater than INTE\n-000358f0: 4745 5232 2061 6674 6572 2073 7472 6970 GER2 after strip\n-00035900: 7069 6e67 206f 6666 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e0a ping off common.\n-00035910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6e75 non-nu\n-00035920: 6d65 7269 6320 5052 4546 4958 2e0a 2020 meric PREFIX.. \n-00035930: 2020 2050 5245 4649 5849 4e54 4547 4552 PREFIXINTEGER\n-00035940: 3120 272d 706c 7427 2050 5245 4649 5849 1 '-plt' PREFIXI\n-00035950: 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 NTEGER2. \n-00035960: 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6c65 INTEGER1 is le\n-00035970: 7373 2074 6861 6e20 494e 5445 4745 5232 ss than INTEGER2\n-00035980: 2061 6674 6572 2073 7472 6970 7069 6e67 after stripping\n-00035990: 206f 6666 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 off common. \n-000359a0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6e75 6d65 7269 non-numeri\n-000359b0: 6320 5052 4546 4958 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 c PREFIX.. F\n-000359c0: 494c 4531 2027 2d6e 7427 2046 494c 4532 ILE1 '-nt' FILE2\n-000359d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4531 . FILE1\n-000359e0: 2069 7320 6e65 7765 7220 7468 616e 2046 is newer than F\n-000359f0: 494c 4532 2028 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 ILE2 (modificati\n-00035a00: 6f6e 2074 696d 6529 2e20 204f 7074 696f on time). Optio\n-00035a10: 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nally. \n-00035a20: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 4249 4153 206d 6179 numeric BIAS may\n-00035a30: 2062 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7070 be directly app\n-00035a40: 656e 6465 6420 746f 2027 2d6e 7427 2069 ended to '-nt' i\n-00035a50: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 0a20 2020 n which case. \n-00035a60: 2020 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 2061 6464 it is add\n-00035a70: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ed to the first \n-00035a80: 6669 6c65 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f file modificatio\n-00035a90: 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 494c n time.. FIL\n-00035aa0: 4531 2027 2d6f 7427 2046 494c 4532 0a20 E1 '-ot' FILE2. \n-00035ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4531 2069 FILE1 i\n-00035ac0: 7320 6f6c 6465 7220 7468 616e 2046 494c s older than FIL\n-00035ad0: 4532 2028 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e E2 (modification\n-00035ae0: 2074 696d 6529 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e61 time). Optiona\n-00035af0: 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e75 lly. nu\n-00035b00: 6d65 7269 6320 4249 4153 206d 6179 2062 meric BIAS may b\n-00035b10: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7070 656e e directly appen\n-00035b20: 6465 6420 746f 2027 2d6f 7427 2069 6e20 ded to '-ot' in \n-00035b30: 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 0a20 2020 2020 which case. \n-00035b40: 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 2061 6464 6564 it is added\n-00035b50: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6669 to the first fi\n-00035b60: 6c65 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 le modification \n-00035b70: 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 2d64 2720 time.. '-d' \n-00035b80: 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 FILE. F\n-00035b90: 494c 4520 6578 6973 7473 2061 6e64 2069 ILE exists and i\n-00035ba0: 7320 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2020 s a directory. \n-00035bb0: 2020 2027 2d65 2720 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 '-e' FILE. \n-00035bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 FILE exis\n-00035bd0: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 272d 6627 2046 494c ts. '-f' FIL\n-00035be0: 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 E. FILE\n-00035bf0: 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 6973 206e exists and is n\n-00035c00: 6f74 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a20 ot a directory. \n-00035c10: 2020 2020 272d 7327 2046 494c 450a 2020 '-s' FILE. \n-00035c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 2065 7869 FILE exi\n-00035c30: 7374 7320 616e 6420 6861 7320 6120 7369 sts and has a si\n-00035c40: 7a65 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 ze greater than \n-00035c50: 7a65 726f 0a20 2020 2020 272d 6e27 2053 zero. '-n' S\n-00035c60: 5452 494e 470a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 TRING. \n-00035c70: 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 5354 the length of ST\n-00035c80: 5249 4e47 2069 7320 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f0a RING is nonzero.\n-00035c90: 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 470a 2020 2020 STRING. \n-00035ca0: 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 2069 7320 STRING is \n-00035cb0: 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 6f20 272d equivalent to '-\n-00035cc0: 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 270a 2020 2020 2027 n STRING'. '\n-00035cd0: 2d7a 2720 5354 5249 4e47 0a20 2020 2020 -z' STRING. \n-00035ce0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 656e 6774 6820 the length \n-00035cf0: 6f66 2053 5452 494e 4720 6973 207a 6572 of STRING is zer\n-00035d00: 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 2827 2045 5850 5245 o. '(' EXPRE\n-00035d10: 5353 494f 4e20 2729 270a 2020 2020 2020 SSION ')'. \n-00035d20: 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 2069 EXPRESSION i\n-00035d30: 7320 7472 7565 0a20 2020 2020 2721 2720 s true. '!' \n-00035d40: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 0a20 2020 2020 EXPRESSION. \n-00035d50: 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 EXPRESSION \n-00035d60: 6973 2066 616c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 4558 is false. EX\n-00035d70: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 272d 6127 2045 PRESSION1 '-a' E\n-00035d80: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 XPRESSION2. \n-00035d90: 2020 2020 2062 6f74 6820 4558 5052 4553 both EXPRES\n-00035da0: 5349 4f4e 3120 616e 6420 4558 5052 4553 SION1 and EXPRES\n-00035db0: 5349 4f4e 3220 6172 6520 7472 7565 0a20 SION2 are true. \n-00035dc0: 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 EXPRESSION1 \n-00035dd0: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 320a 2020 2020 EXPRESSION2. \n-00035de0: 2020 2020 2020 626f 7468 2045 5850 5245 both EXPRE\n-00035df0: 5353 494f 4e31 2061 6e64 2045 5850 5245 SSION1 and EXPRE\n-00035e00: 5353 494f 4e32 2061 7265 2074 7275 652e SSION2 are true.\n-00035e10: 2020 5468 6973 2073 796e 7461 7820 6973 This syntax is\n-00035e20: 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 not. P\n-00035e30: 4f53 4958 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2061 OSIX-compliant a\n-00035e40: 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 636f 6d6d nd is not recomm\n-00035e50: 656e 6465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 ended.. EXPR\n-00035e60: 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 272d 6f27 2045 5850 ESSION1 '-o' EXP\n-00035e70: 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 2020 RESSION2. \n-00035e80: 2020 2065 6974 6865 7220 4558 5052 4553 either EXPRES\n-00035e90: 5349 4f4e 3120 6f72 2045 5850 5245 5353 SION1 or EXPRESS\n-00035ea0: 494f 4e32 2069 7320 7472 7565 0a0a 1f0a ION2 is true....\n-00035eb0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00035ec0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 204e Node: true, N\n-00035ed0: 6578 743a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 2050 7265 ext: trust, Pre\n-00035ee0: 763a 2074 6573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: test, Up: Co\n-00035ef0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n-00035f00: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n-00035f10: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e37 3520 7472 7565 ds..16.3.75 true\n-00035f20: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 .------------.. \n-00035f30: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7472 7565 -- Command: true\n-00035f40: 0a20 2020 2020 446f 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 . Do nothing\n-00035f50: 2c20 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2e20 , successfully. \n-00035f60: 2054 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 This is mainly \n-00035f70: 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e74 726f useful in contro\n-00035f80: 6c0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 l. construct\n-00035f90: 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 2769 6627 2061 s such as 'if' a\n-00035fa0: 6e64 2027 7768 696c 6527 2028 2a6e 6f74 nd 'while' (*not\n-00035fb0: 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 e Shell-like scr\n-00035fc0: 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ipting::).....Fi\n-00035fd0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00035fe0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7573 742c 2020 4e65 Node: trust, Ne\n-00035ff0: 7874 3a20 756e 7365 742c 2020 5072 6576 xt: unset, Prev\n-00036000: 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d : true, Up: Com\n-00036010: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 mand-line and me\n-00036020: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nu entry command\n-00036030: 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3736 2074 7275 7374 s..16.3.76 trust\n-00036040: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n-00036050: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 7275 -- Command: tru\n-00036060: 7374 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d20 st [--skip-sig] \n-00036070: 7075 626b 6579 5f66 696c 650a 2020 2020 pubkey_file. \n-00036080: 2052 6561 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 Read public key\n-00036090: 2066 726f 6d20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c from PUBKEY_FIL\n-000360a0: 4520 616e 6420 6164 6420 6974 2074 6f20 E and add it to \n-000360b0: 4752 5542 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c20 GRUB's internal \n-000360c0: 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 7275 list. of tru\n-000360d0: 7374 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 sted public keys\n-000360e0: 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206b 6579 7320 6172 . These keys ar\n-000360f0: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 e used to valida\n-00036100: 7465 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a20 2020 2020 te digital. \n-00036110: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2077 6865 6e20 signatures when \n-00036120: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00036130: 6162 6c65 2027 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e able 'check_sign\n-00036140: 6174 7572 6573 2720 6973 2073 6574 2074 atures' is set t\n-00036150: 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 656e 666f 7263 6527 o. 'enforce'\n-00036160: 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2069 6620 . Note that if \n-00036170: 2763 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 'check_signature\n-00036180: 7327 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2027 656e s' is set to 'en\n-00036190: 666f 7263 6527 0a20 2020 2020 7768 656e force'. when\n-000361a0: 2027 7472 7573 7427 2065 7865 6375 7465 'trust' execute\n-000361b0: 732c 2074 6865 6e20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 s, then PUBKEY_F\n-000361c0: 494c 4520 6d75 7374 2069 7473 656c 6620 ILE must itself \n-000361d0: 6265 2070 726f 7065 726c 790a 2020 2020 be properly. \n-000361e0: 2073 6967 6e65 642e 2020 5468 6520 272d signed. The '-\n-000361f0: 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 6727 206f 7074 696f -skip-sig' optio\n-00036200: 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f n can be used to\n-00036210: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7369 disable. si\n-00036220: 676e 6174 7572 652d 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 gnature-checking\n-00036230: 2077 6865 6e20 7265 6164 696e 6720 5055 when reading PU\n-00036240: 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6974 7365 6c66 BKEY_FILE itself\n-00036250: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2065 7870 6563 7465 . It is expecte\n-00036260: 640a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 272d 2d73 d. that '--s\n-00036270: 6b69 702d 7369 6727 2069 7320 7573 6566 kip-sig' is usef\n-00036280: 756c 2066 6f72 2074 6573 7469 6e67 2061 ul for testing a\n-00036290: 6e64 206d 616e 7561 6c20 626f 6f74 696e nd manual bootin\n-000362a0: 672e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2055 g. *Note. U\n-000362b0: 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 sing digital sig\n-000362c0: 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d natures::, for m\n-000362d0: 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ore information.\n-000362e0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000362f0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 756e 7365 nfo, Node: unse\n-00036300: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7665 7269 6679 t, Next: verify\n-00036310: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642c 2020 5072 6576 _detached, Prev\n-00036320: 3a20 7472 7573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f : trust, Up: Co\n-00036330: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n-00036340: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n-00036350: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e37 3720 756e 7365 ds..16.3.77 unse\n-00036360: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a t.-------------.\n-00036370: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 756e . -- Command: un\n-00036380: 7365 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 2020 2020 set envvar. \n-00036390: 556e 7365 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f Unset the enviro\n-000363a0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 nment variable E\n-000363b0: 4e56 5641 522e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 NVVAR.....File: \n-000363c0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000363d0: 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 : verify_detache\n-000363e0: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 d, Next: videoi\n-000363f0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 756e 7365 nfo, Prev: unse\n-00036400: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n-00036410: 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e line and menu en\n-00036420: 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 try commands..16\n-00036430: 2e33 2e37 3820 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 .3.78 verify_det\n-00036440: 6163 6865 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ached.----------\n-00036450: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00036460: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7665 7269 -- Command: veri\n-00036470: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 6420 5b2d 2d73 fy_detached [--s\n-00036480: 6b69 702d 7369 675d 2066 696c 6520 7369 kip-sig] file si\n-00036490: 676e 6174 7572 655f 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 gnature_file. \n-000364a0: 2020 2020 2020 205b 7075 626b 6579 5f66 [pubkey_f\n-000364b0: 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7269 6669 ile]. Verifi\n-000364c0: 6573 2061 2047 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 2064 es a GPG-style d\n-000364d0: 6574 6163 6865 6420 7369 676e 6174 7572 etached signatur\n-000364e0: 652c 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2073 6967 e, where the sig\n-000364f0: 6e65 6420 6669 6c65 2069 730a 2020 2020 ned file is. \n-00036500: 2046 494c 452c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 FILE, and the s\n-00036510: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2069 7473 656c 6620 ignature itself \n-00036520: 6973 2069 6e20 6669 6c65 2053 4947 4e41 is in file SIGNA\n-00036530: 5455 5245 5f46 494c 452e 0a20 2020 2020 TURE_FILE.. \n-00036540: 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 6120 7370 Optionally, a sp\n-00036550: 6563 6966 6963 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 ecific public ke\n-00036560: 7920 746f 2075 7365 2063 616e 2062 6520 y to use can be \n-00036570: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7573 696e 670a specified using.\n-00036580: 2020 2020 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 PUBKEY_FILE\n-00036590: 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d . When environm\n-000365a0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2027 6368 ent variable 'ch\n-000365b0: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2720 eck_signatures' \n-000365c0: 6973 2073 6574 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2027 is set. to '\n-000365d0: 656e 666f 7263 6527 2c20 7468 656e 2050 enforce', then P\n-000365e0: 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 206d 7573 7420 UBKEY_FILE must \n-000365f0: 6974 7365 6c66 2062 6520 7072 6f70 6572 itself be proper\n-00036600: 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6279 2061 6e0a ly signed by an.\n-00036610: 2020 2020 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2d74 7275 already-tru\n-00036620: 7374 6564 206b 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 756e sted key. An un\n-00036630: 7369 676e 6564 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 signed PUBKEY_FI\n-00036640: 4c45 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 LE can be loaded\n-00036650: 2062 790a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 by. specify\n-00036660: 696e 6720 272d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 6727 ing '--skip-sig'\n-00036670: 2e20 2049 6620 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c . If PUBKEY_FIL\n-00036680: 4520 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 E is omitted, th\n-00036690: 656e 2070 7562 6c69 630a 2020 2020 206b en public. k\n-000366a0: 6579 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4227 7320 eys from GRUB's \n-000366b0: 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 2028 2a6e trusted keys (*n\n-000366c0: 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 ote list_trusted\n-000366d0: 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7472 7573 743a ::, *note trust:\n-000366e0: 3a2c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 :,. and *not\n-000366f0: 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 2920 6172 e distrust::) ar\n-00036700: 6520 7472 6965 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 e tried... E\n-00036710: 7869 7420 636f 6465 2027 243f 2720 6973 xit code '$?' is\n-00036720: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2074 6865 set to 0 if the\n-00036730: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2076 616c 6964 signature valid\n-00036740: 6174 6573 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c ates successfull\n-00036750: 792e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2076 616c 6964 y.. If valid\n-00036760: 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c 732c 2069 7420 ation fails, it \n-00036770: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e2d is set to a non-\n-00036780: 7a65 726f 2076 616c 7565 2e20 202a 4e6f zero value. *No\n-00036790: 7465 2055 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6469 te Using. di\n-000367a0: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 gital signatures\n-000367b0: 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 ::, for more inf\n-000367c0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ormation.....Fil\n-000367d0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000367e0: 6f64 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 ode: videoinfo, \n-000367f0: 204e 6578 743a 2077 726d 7372 2c20 2050 Next: wrmsr, P\n-00036800: 7265 763a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 rev: verify_deta\n-00036810: 6368 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 ched, Up: Comma\n-00036820: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 nd-line and menu\n-00036830: 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a entry commands.\n-00036840: 0a31 362e 332e 3739 2076 6964 656f 696e .16.3.79 videoin\n-00036850: 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fo.-------------\n-00036860: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00036870: 643a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 205b 5b57 d: videoinfo [[W\n-00036880: 7848 5d78 445d 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 xH]xD]. List\n-00036890: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 656f available video\n-000368a0: 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7265 736f modes. If reso\n-000368b0: 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c lution is given,\n-000368c0: 2073 686f 7720 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 show only. \n-000368d0: 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 206d 6f64 6573 2e0a matching modes..\n-000368e0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000368f0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2077 726d 7372 fo, Node: wrmsr\n-00036900: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 , Next: xen_hyp\n-00036910: 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ervisor, Prev: \n-00036920: 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5570 3a20 videoinfo, Up: \n-00036930: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n-00036940: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n-00036950: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e38 3020 7772 ands..16.3.80 wr\n-00036960: 6d73 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d msr.------------\n-00036970: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a3a -.. -- Command::\n-00036980: 2077 726d 7372 2030 7841 4444 5220 3078 wrmsr 0xADDR 0x\n-00036990: 5641 4c55 450a 2020 2020 2057 7269 7465 VALUE. Write\n-000369a0: 2061 2030 7856 414c 5545 2074 6f20 6120 a 0xVALUE to a \n-000369b0: 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 model-specific r\n-000369c0: 6567 6973 7465 7220 6174 2061 6464 7265 egister at addre\n-000369d0: 7373 2030 7841 4444 522e 0a0a 2020 2020 ss 0xADDR... \n-000369e0: 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 Please note tha\n-000369f0: 7420 6f6e 2053 4d50 2073 7973 7465 6d73 t on SMP systems\n-00036a00: 2c20 7772 6974 696e 6720 746f 2061 204d , writing to a M\n-00036a10: 5352 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 6120 7363 SR that has a sc\n-00036a20: 6f70 650a 2020 2020 2070 6572 2068 6172 ope. per har\n-00036a30: 6477 6172 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 696d dware thread, im\n-00036a40: 706c 6965 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2076 plies that the v\n-00036a50: 616c 7565 2074 6861 7420 6973 2077 7269 alue that is wri\n-00036a60: 7474 656e 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 tten only. a\n-00036a70: 7070 6c69 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 pplies to the pa\n-00036a80: 7274 6963 756c 6172 2063 7075 2f63 6f72 rticular cpu/cor\n-00036a90: 652f 7468 7265 6164 2074 6861 7420 7275 e/thread that ru\n-00036aa0: 6e73 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a ns the command..\n-00036ab0: 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 6966 2079 . Also, if y\n-00036ac0: 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2072 6573 ou specify a res\n-00036ad0: 6572 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 6d70 6c65 erved or unimple\n-00036ae0: 6d65 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 6464 7265 mented MSR addre\n-00036af0: 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c ss, it. will\n-00036b00: 2063 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e 6572 616c cause a general\n-00036b10: 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6578 6365 protection exce\n-00036b20: 7074 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 2069 7320 ption (which is \n-00036b30: 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a 2020 not currently. \n-00036b40: 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e 646c 6564 being handled\n-00036b50: 2920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d ) and the system\n-00036b60: 2077 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a20 will reboot... \n-00036b70: 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f Note: The co\n-00036b80: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c mmand is not all\n-00036b90: 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f owed when lockdo\n-00036ba0: 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 wn is enforced (\n-00036bb0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 *note. Lockd\n-00036bc0: 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 own::). This is\n-00036bd0: 2064 6f6e 6520 746f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 done to prevent\n-00036be0: 2073 7562 7665 7274 696e 6720 7661 7269 subverting vari\n-00036bf0: 6f75 7320 7365 6375 7269 7479 0a20 2020 ous security. \n-00036c00: 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a 0a1f mechanisms....\n-00036c10: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00036c20: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 , Node: xen_hyp\n-00036c30: 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ervisor, Next: \n-00036c40: 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 xen_module, Pre\n-00036c50: 763a 2077 726d 7372 2c20 2055 703a 2043 v: wrmsr, Up: C\n-00036c60: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n-00036c70: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n-00036c80: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3831 2078 656e nds..16.3.81 xen\n-00036c90: 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 720a 2d2d 2d2d _hypervisor.----\n+00033a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c65 6674 0a20 2020 Left. \n+00033a50: 2020 7269 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 right \n+00033a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00033a70: 5269 6768 740a 0a20 2020 2020 4173 2077 Right.. As w\n+00033a80: 656c 6c20 6173 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 ell as keystroke\n+00033a90: 732c 2074 6865 2027 7365 6e64 6b65 7927 s, the 'sendkey'\n+00033aa0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 616b 6573 2076 command takes v\n+00033ab0: 6172 696f 7573 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a20 arious options. \n+00033ac0: 2020 2020 7468 6174 2061 6666 6563 7420 that affect \n+00033ad0: 7468 6520 4249 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 the BIOS keyboar\n+00033ae0: 6420 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6773 2e20 d status flags. \n+00033af0: 2054 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 These options t\n+00033b00: 616b 6520 616e 0a20 2020 2020 276f 6e27 ake an. 'on'\n+00033b10: 206f 7220 276f 6666 2720 7061 7261 6d65 or 'off' parame\n+00033b20: 7465 722c 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 ter, specifying \n+00033b30: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 that the corresp\n+00033b40: 6f6e 6469 6e67 2073 7461 7475 730a 2020 onding status. \n+00033b50: 2020 2066 6c61 6720 6265 2073 6574 206f flag be set o\n+00033b60: 7220 756e 7365 743b 206f 6d69 7474 696e r unset; omittin\n+00033b70: 6720 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 g the option for\n+00033b80: 2061 2067 6976 656e 2073 7461 7475 7320 a given status \n+00033b90: 666c 6167 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 206c flag. will l\n+00033ba0: 6561 7665 2074 6861 7420 666c 6167 2061 eave that flag a\n+00033bb0: 7420 6974 7320 696e 6974 6961 6c20 7374 t its initial st\n+00033bc0: 6174 6520 6174 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 5468 ate at boot. Th\n+00033bd0: 6520 272d 2d6e 756d 272c 0a20 2020 2020 e '--num',. \n+00033be0: 272d 2d63 6170 7327 2c20 272d 2d73 6372 '--caps', '--scr\n+00033bf0: 6f6c 6c27 2c20 616e 6420 272d 2d69 6e73 oll', and '--ins\n+00033c00: 6572 7427 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2065 6d75 ert' options emu\n+00033c10: 6c61 7465 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 late setting the\n+00033c20: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 . correspond\n+00033c30: 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 2c20 7768 696c 6520 ing mode, while \n+00033c40: 7468 6520 272d 2d6e 756d 6b65 7927 2c20 the '--numkey', \n+00033c50: 272d 2d63 6170 736b 6579 272c 0a20 2020 '--capskey',. \n+00033c60: 2020 272d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c6b 6579 272c '--scrollkey',\n+00033c70: 2061 6e64 2027 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 6b65 and '--insertke\n+00033c80: 7927 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2065 6d75 6c61 y' options emula\n+00033c90: 7465 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 616e 640a te pressing and.\n+00033ca0: 2020 2020 2068 6f6c 6469 6e67 2074 6865 holding the\n+00033cb0: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 206b corresponding k\n+00033cc0: 6579 2e20 2054 6865 206f 7468 6572 2073 ey. The other s\n+00033cd0: 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 206f 7074 696f tatus flag optio\n+00033ce0: 6e73 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c66 ns are. self\n+00033cf0: 2d65 7870 6c61 6e61 746f 7279 2e0a 0a20 -explanatory... \n+00033d00: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2027 2d2d 6e6f If the '--no\n+00033d10: 2d6c 6564 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 -led' option is \n+00033d20: 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 2073 7461 7475 given, the statu\n+00033d30: 7320 666c 6167 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2077 s flag options w\n+00033d40: 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2068 6176 6520 6e6f ill. have no\n+00033d50: 2065 6666 6563 7420 6f6e 206b 6579 626f effect on keybo\n+00033d60: 6172 6420 4c45 4473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ard LEDs... \n+00033d70: 4966 2074 6865 2027 7365 6e64 6b65 7927 If the 'sendkey'\n+00033d80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6769 7665 command is give\n+00033d90: 6e20 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2074 696d 6573 n multiple times\n+00033da0: 2c20 7468 656e 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 650a , then only the.\n+00033db0: 2020 2020 206c 6173 7420 696e 766f 6361 last invoca\n+00033dc0: 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 2061 6e79 2065 6666 tion has any eff\n+00033dd0: 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 696e 6365 ect... Since\n+00033de0: 2027 7365 6e64 6b65 7927 206d 616e 6970 'sendkey' manip\n+00033df0: 756c 6174 6573 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 ulates the BIOS \n+00033e00: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 722c keyboard buffer,\n+00033e10: 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6361 7573 650a 2020 it may cause. \n+00033e20: 2020 2068 616e 6773 2c20 7265 626f 6f74 hangs, reboot\n+00033e30: 732c 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7220 6d69 7362 s, or other misb\n+00033e40: 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 ehaviour on some\n+00033e50: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 systems. If th\n+00033e60: 650a 2020 2020 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 e. operating\n+00033e70: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 system or boot \n+00033e80: 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 7275 6e73 loader that runs\n+00033e90: 2061 6674 6572 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 after GRUB uses\n+00033ea0: 2069 7473 206f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 its own. ke\n+00033eb0: 7962 6f61 7264 2064 7269 7665 7220 7261 yboard driver ra\n+00033ec0: 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 4249 ther than the BI\n+00033ed0: 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6675 6e63 OS keyboard func\n+00033ee0: 7469 6f6e 732c 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 tions, then. \n+00033ef0: 2027 7365 6e64 6b65 7927 2077 696c 6c20 'sendkey' will \n+00033f00: 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6566 6665 6374 2e0a have no effect..\n+00033f10: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n+00033f20: 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c nd is only avail\n+00033f30: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 5043 2042 494f 5320 able on PC BIOS \n+00033f40: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 systems.....File\n+00033f50: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00033f60: 6465 3a20 7365 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 de: set, Next: \n+00033f70: 7368 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 sha1sum, Prev: \n+00033f80: 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 5570 3a20 436f sendkey, Up: Co\n+00033f90: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n+00033fa0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n+00033fb0: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e36 3720 7365 740a ds..16.3.67 set.\n+00033fc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00033fd0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 7420 5b65 Command: set [e\n+00033fe0: 6e76 7661 723d 7661 6c75 655d 0a20 2020 nvvar=value]. \n+00033ff0: 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f Set the enviro\n+00034000: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 nment variable E\n+00034010: 4e56 5641 5220 746f 2056 414c 5545 2e20 NVVAR to VALUE. \n+00034020: 2049 6620 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 If invoked with\n+00034030: 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e no. argumen\n+00034040: 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 616c 6c20 656e ts, print all en\n+00034050: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00034060: 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 2076 les with their v\n+00034070: 616c 7565 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 alues.....File: \n+00034080: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00034090: 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 : sha1sum, Next\n+000340a0: 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 : sha256sum, Pr\n+000340b0: 6576 3a20 7365 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ev: set, Up: Co\n+000340c0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n+000340d0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n+000340e0: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e36 3820 7368 6131 ds..16.3.68 sha1\n+000340f0: 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sum.------------\n+00034100: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00034110: 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e : sha1sum arg ..\n+00034120: 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 .. Alias for\n+00034130: 2027 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 'hashsum --hash\n+00034140: 2073 6861 3120 6172 6720 2e2e 2e27 2e20 sha1 arg ...'. \n+00034150: 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2027 6861 See command 'ha\n+00034160: 7368 7375 6d27 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f shsum'. (*no\n+00034170: 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f te hashsum::) fo\n+00034180: 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 r full descripti\n+00034190: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n+000341a0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n+000341b0: 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a ha256sum, Next:\n+000341c0: 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 2050 7265 sha512sum, Pre\n+000341d0: 763a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 2055 703a v: sha1sum, Up:\n+000341e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e Command-line an\n+000341f0: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d d menu entry com\n+00034200: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3639 2073 mands..16.3.69 s\n+00034210: 6861 3235 3673 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ha256sum.-------\n+00034220: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00034230: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6861 3235 3673 Command: sha256s\n+00034240: 756d 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 um arg .... \n+00034250: 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 2768 6173 6873 Alias for 'hashs\n+00034260: 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 7368 6132 3536 um --hash sha256\n+00034270: 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 272e 2020 5365 6520 arg ...'. See \n+00034280: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 2768 6173 6873 756d command 'hashsum\n+00034290: 270a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 '. (*note ha\n+000342a0: 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c shsum::) for ful\n+000342b0: 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a l description...\n+000342c0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+000342d0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6135 3132 o, Node: sha512\n+000342e0: 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736c 6565 sum, Next: slee\n+000342f0: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 6132 3536 p, Prev: sha256\n+00034300: 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e sum, Up: Comman\n+00034310: 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 d-line and menu \n+00034320: 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a entry commands..\n+00034330: 3136 2e33 2e37 3020 7368 6135 3132 7375 16.3.70 sha512su\n+00034340: 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d m.--------------\n+00034350: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00034360: 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d20 6172 6720 : sha512sum arg \n+00034370: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 .... Alias f\n+00034380: 6f72 2027 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 or 'hashsum --ha\n+00034390: 7368 2073 6861 3531 3220 6172 6720 2e2e sh sha512 arg ..\n+000343a0: 2e27 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 .'. See command\n+000343b0: 2027 6861 7368 7375 6d27 0a20 2020 2020 'hashsum'. \n+000343c0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a (*note hashsum::\n+000343d0: 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 ) for full descr\n+000343e0: 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a iption.....File:\n+000343f0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00034400: 653a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: sleep, Next:\n+00034410: 2073 6d62 696f 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 smbios, Prev: \n+00034420: 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 sha512sum, Up: \n+00034430: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+00034440: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+00034450: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e37 3120 736c ands..16.3.71 sl\n+00034460: 6565 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eep.------------\n+00034470: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00034480: 736c 6565 7020 5b2d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 sleep [--verbose\n+00034490: 5d20 5b2d 2d69 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6962 ] [--interruptib\n+000344a0: 6c65 5d20 636f 756e 740a 2020 2020 2053 le] count. S\n+000344b0: 6c65 6570 2066 6f72 2043 4f55 4e54 2073 leep for COUNT s\n+000344c0: 6563 6f6e 6473 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 7469 econds. If opti\n+000344d0: 6f6e 2027 2d2d 696e 7465 7272 7570 7469 on '--interrupti\n+000344e0: 626c 6527 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 0a20 ble' is given,. \n+000344f0: 2020 2020 616c 6c6f 7720 7072 6573 7369 allow pressi\n+00034500: 6e67 203c 4553 433e 2c20 3c46 343e 206f ng , o\n+00034510: 7220 686f 6c64 696e 6720 646f 776e 203c r holding down <\n+00034520: 5348 4946 543e 2074 6f20 696e 7465 7272 SHIFT> to interr\n+00034530: 7570 740a 2020 2020 2073 6c65 6570 2e20 upt. sleep. \n+00034540: 2057 6974 6820 272d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 With '--verbose\n+00034550: 2720 7368 6f77 2063 6f75 6e74 646f 776e ' show countdown\n+00034560: 206f 6620 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7365 of remaining se\n+00034570: 636f 6e64 732e 2020 4578 6974 0a20 2020 conds. Exit. \n+00034580: 2020 636f 6465 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f code is set to\n+00034590: 2030 2069 6620 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6578 0 if timeout ex\n+000345a0: 7069 7265 6420 616e 6420 746f 2031 2069 pired and to 1 i\n+000345b0: 6620 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7761 730a 2020 f timeout was. \n+000345c0: 2020 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 2075 interrupted u\n+000345d0: 7369 6e67 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 6520 sing any of the \n+000345e0: 6d65 6e74 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 7973 2e0a mentioned keys..\n+000345f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00034600: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6d62 696f fo, Node: smbio\n+00034610: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736f 7572 6365 s, Next: source\n+00034620: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 , Prev: sleep, \n+00034630: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00034640: 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 e and menu entry\n+00034650: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e commands..16.3.\n+00034660: 3732 2073 6d62 696f 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 72 smbios.------\n+00034670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00034680: 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6d62 696f 7320 5b2d mmand: smbios [-\n+00034690: 2d74 7970 6520 5459 5045 5d20 5b2d 2d68 -type TYPE] [--h\n+000346a0: 616e 646c 6520 4841 4e44 4c45 5d20 5b2d andle HANDLE] [-\n+000346b0: 2d6d 6174 6368 204d 4154 4348 5d0a 2020 -match MATCH]. \n+000346c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 282d 2d67 6574 2d62 (--get-b\n+000346d0: 7974 6520 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 776f 7264 yte | --get-word\n+000346e0: 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d64 776f 7264 207c | --get-dword |\n+000346f0: 202d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 207c 0a20 --get-qword |. \n+00034700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d67 6574 2d73 --get-s\n+00034710: 7472 696e 6720 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 7575 tring | --get-uu\n+00034720: 6964 2920 4f46 4653 4554 205b 2d2d 7365 id) OFFSET [--se\n+00034730: 7420 5641 5249 4142 4c45 5d0a 2020 2020 t VARIABLE]. \n+00034740: 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 534d 4249 4f53 Retrieve SMBIOS\n+00034750: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 information... \n+00034760: 2020 2020 5468 6520 2773 6d62 696f 7327 The 'smbios'\n+00034770: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 command returns\n+00034780: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6120 the value of a \n+00034790: 6669 656c 6420 696e 2061 6e20 534d 4249 field in an SMBI\n+000347a0: 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 OS. structur\n+000347b0: 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e e. The followin\n+000347c0: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d g options determ\n+000347d0: 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 7374 7275 6374 ine which struct\n+000347e0: 7572 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 ure to. sele\n+000347f0: 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 202a 2053 ct... * S\n+00034800: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 272d 2d74 7970 pecifying '--typ\n+00034810: 6527 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2073 e' will select s\n+00034820: 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 7769 7468 2061 tructures with a\n+00034830: 206d 6174 6368 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 matching. \n+00034840: 2020 2020 5459 5045 2e20 2054 6865 2074 TYPE. The t\n+00034850: 7970 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 2069 ype can be any i\n+00034860: 6e74 6567 6572 2066 726f 6d20 3020 746f nteger from 0 to\n+00034870: 2032 3535 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a20 255.. * \n+00034880: 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2027 2d2d 6861 Specifying '--ha\n+00034890: 6e64 6c65 2720 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 ndle' will selec\n+000348a0: 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2077 6974 t structures wit\n+000348b0: 6820 6120 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 0a20 2020 h a matching. \n+000348c0: 2020 2020 2020 2048 414e 444c 452e 2020 HANDLE. \n+000348d0: 5468 6520 6861 6e64 6c65 2063 616e 2062 The handle can b\n+000348e0: 6520 616e 7920 696e 7465 6765 7220 6672 e any integer fr\n+000348f0: 6f6d 2030 2074 6f20 3635 3533 352e 0a20 om 0 to 65535.. \n+00034900: 2020 2020 2020 202a 2053 7065 6369 6679 * Specify\n+00034910: 696e 6720 272d 2d6d 6174 6368 2720 7769 ing '--match' wi\n+00034920: 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 6374 ll select struct\n+00034930: 7572 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 204d 4154 4348 ure number MATCH\n+00034940: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 in the. \n+00034950: 2020 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206c 6973 7420 filtered list \n+00034960: 6f66 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 733b 2065 of structures; e\n+00034970: 2e67 2e20 2027 736d 6269 6f73 202d 2d74 .g. 'smbios --t\n+00034980: 7970 6520 3420 2d2d 6d61 7463 6820 3227 ype 4 --match 2'\n+00034990: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 . will \n+000349a0: 7365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e select the secon\n+000349b0: 6420 5072 6f63 6573 7320 496e 666f 726d d Process Inform\n+000349c0: 6174 696f 6e20 2854 7970 6520 3429 2073 ation (Type 4) s\n+000349d0: 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 tructure.. \n+000349e0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6c69 7374 2069 7320 The list is \n+000349f0: 616c 7761 7973 206f 7264 6572 6564 2074 always ordered t\n+00034a00: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2074 6865 2068 he same as the h\n+00034a10: 6172 6477 6172 6527 7320 534d 4249 4f53 ardware's SMBIOS\n+00034a20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6162 6c65 . table\n+00034a30: 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6174 6368 206e 756d . The match num\n+00034a40: 6265 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 706f ber must be a po\n+00034a50: 7369 7469 7665 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e20 sitive integer. \n+00034a60: 2049 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e If. un\n+00034a70: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 2066 specified, the f\n+00034a80: 6972 7374 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 7374 irst matching st\n+00034a90: 7275 6374 7572 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ructure will be \n+00034aa0: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 selected... \n+00034ab0: 5468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 6f70 The remaining op\n+00034ac0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 tions determine \n+00034ad0: 7768 6963 6820 6669 656c 6420 696e 2074 which field in t\n+00034ae0: 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 he selected SMBI\n+00034af0: 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 OS. structur\n+00034b00: 6520 746f 2072 6574 7572 6e2e 2020 4f6e e to return. On\n+00034b10: 6c79 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 ly one of these \n+00034b20: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2073 options may be s\n+00034b30: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 740a 2020 2020 pecified at. \n+00034b40: 2061 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 a time... \n+00034b50: 2020 2a20 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 2027 * When given '\n+00034b60: 2d2d 6765 742d 6279 7465 272c 2072 6574 --get-byte', ret\n+00034b70: 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 urn the value of\n+00034b80: 2074 6865 2062 7974 6520 6174 0a20 2020 the byte at. \n+00034b90: 2020 2020 2020 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 OFFSET by\n+00034ba0: 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c tes into the sel\n+00034bb0: 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 ected SMBIOS str\n+00034bc0: 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c ucture. It will\n+00034bd0: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f be. fo\n+00034be0: 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e rmatted as an un\n+00034bf0: 7369 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 signed decimal i\n+00034c00: 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 nteger.. \n+00034c10: 2a20 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 2027 2d2d * When given '--\n+00034c20: 6765 742d 776f 7264 272c 2072 6574 7572 get-word', retur\n+00034c30: 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 n the value of t\n+00034c40: 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2874 776f 0a20 2020 he word (two. \n+00034c50: 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 6174 bytes) at\n+00034c60: 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e OFFSET bytes in\n+00034c70: 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 to the selected \n+00034c80: 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 SMBIOS structure\n+00034c90: 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . It. \n+00034ca0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 7465 will be formatte\n+00034cb0: 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 d as an unsigned\n+00034cc0: 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 decimal integer\n+00034cd0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a20 5768 656e .. * When\n+00034ce0: 2067 6976 656e 2027 2d2d 6765 742d 6477 given '--get-dw\n+00034cf0: 6f72 6427 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 ord', return the\n+00034d00: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 6477 value of the dw\n+00034d10: 6f72 6420 2866 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2020 ord (four. \n+00034d20: 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 bytes) at OF\n+00034d30: 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 FSET bytes into \n+00034d40: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 the selected SMB\n+00034d50: 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 IOS structure. \n+00034d60: 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c It. wil\n+00034d70: 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 l be formatted a\n+00034d80: 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 s an unsigned de\n+00034d90: 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 cimal integer.. \n+00034da0: 2020 2020 2020 202a 2057 6865 6e20 6769 * When gi\n+00034db0: 7665 6e20 272d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 ven '--get-qword\n+00034dc0: 272c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 ', return the va\n+00034dd0: 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2071 776f 7264 lue of the qword\n+00034de0: 2028 6569 6768 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 (eight. \n+00034df0: 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 bytes) at OFFS\n+00034e00: 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 ET bytes into th\n+00034e10: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f e selected SMBIO\n+00034e20: 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 S structure. It\n+00034e30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 . will \n+00034e40: 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 be formatted as \n+00034e50: 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 an unsigned deci\n+00034e60: 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 mal integer.. \n+00034e70: 2020 2020 202a 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 * When give\n+00034e80: 6e20 272d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e 6727 n '--get-string'\n+00034e90: 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2073 7472 , return the str\n+00034ea0: 696e 6720 7769 7468 2069 7473 2069 6e64 ing with its ind\n+00034eb0: 6578 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f75 ex. fou\n+00034ec0: 6e64 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 nd at OFFSET byt\n+00034ed0: 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 es into the sele\n+00034ee0: 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 cted SMBIOS stru\n+00034ef0: 6374 7572 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 202a cture.. *\n+00034f00: 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 272d 2d67 When given '--g\n+00034f10: 6574 2d75 7569 6427 2c20 7265 7475 726e et-uuid', return\n+00034f20: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 the value of th\n+00034f30: 6520 5555 4944 2028 7369 7874 6565 6e0a e UUID (sixteen.\n+00034f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 bytes)\n+00034f50: 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 at OFFSET bytes\n+00034f60: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 into the select\n+00034f70: 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 ed SMBIOS struct\n+00034f80: 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ure. It. \n+00034f90: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 will be forma\n+00034fa0: 7474 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 7765 722d 6361 tted as lower-ca\n+00034fb0: 7365 2068 7970 6865 6e61 7465 6420 6865 se hyphenated he\n+00034fc0: 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 xadecimal digits\n+00034fd0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 ,. with\n+00034fe0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 6872 6565 the first three\n+00034ff0: 2066 6965 6c64 7320 6173 206c 6974 746c fields as littl\n+00035000: 652d 656e 6469 616e 2c20 616e 6420 7468 e-endian, and th\n+00035010: 6520 7265 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e rest. \n+00035020: 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 7974 652d 6279 printed byte-by\n+00035030: 2d62 7974 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 -byte... The\n+00035040: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2061 6374 696f 6e20 default action \n+00035050: 6973 2074 6f20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 is to print the \n+00035060: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6571 value of the req\n+00035070: 7565 7374 6564 2066 6965 6c64 2074 6f0a uested field to.\n+00035080: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 the console\n+00035090: 2c20 6275 7420 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 , but a variable\n+000350a0: 206e 616d 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 name can be spe\n+000350b0: 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 272d 2d73 cified with '--s\n+000350c0: 6574 2720 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6f72 et' to. stor\n+000350d0: 6520 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 696e 7374 e the value inst\n+000350e0: 6561 6420 6f66 2070 7269 6e74 696e 6720 ead of printing \n+000350f0: 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 it... For ex\n+00035100: 616d 706c 652c 2074 6869 7320 7769 6c6c ample, this will\n+00035110: 2073 746f 7265 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 store and then \n+00035120: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7379 7374 display the syst\n+00035130: 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 em. manufact\n+00035140: 7572 6572 2773 206e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 urer's name... \n+00035150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 736d 6269 6f73 202d smbios -\n+00035160: 2d74 7970 6520 3120 2d2d 6765 742d 7374 -type 1 --get-st\n+00035170: 7269 6e67 2034 202d 2d73 6574 2073 7973 ring 4 --set sys\n+00035180: 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 7572 6572 tem_manufacturer\n+00035190: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6368 6f20 . echo \n+000351a0: 2473 7973 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 $system_manufact\n+000351b0: 7572 6572 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 urer....File: gr\n+000351c0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000351d0: 736f 7572 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 source, Next: t\n+000351e0: 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 736d 6269 est, Prev: smbi\n+000351f0: 6f73 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 os, Up: Command\n+00035200: 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 -line and menu e\n+00035210: 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ntry commands..1\n+00035220: 362e 332e 3733 2073 6f75 7263 650a 2d2d 6.3.73 source.--\n+00035230: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00035240: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6f75 7263 - Command: sourc\n+00035250: 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 e file. 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(*note c\n+000352f0: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 2c20 7468 onfigfile::), th\n+00035300: 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 7320 7468 6520 is executes the \n+00035310: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 4649 4c45 contents of FILE\n+00035320: 2077 6974 686f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6368 without. ch\n+00035330: 616e 6769 6e67 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 3a20 anging context: \n+00035340: 616e 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 any environment \n+00035350: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 variable changes\n+00035360: 206d 6164 6520 6279 2074 6865 0a20 2020 made by the. \n+00035370: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e20 4649 commands in FI\n+00035380: 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 7265 7365 LE will be prese\n+00035390: 7276 6564 2061 6674 6572 2027 736f 7572 rved after 'sour\n+000353a0: 6365 2720 7265 7475 726e 732c 2061 6e64 ce' returns, and\n+000353b0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2077 the. menu w\n+000353c0: 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2073 686f 776e ill not be shown\n+000353d0: 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a1f immediately....\n+000353e0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000353f0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6573 742c 2020 , Node: test, \n+00035400: 4e65 7874 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 2050 7265 Next: true, Pre\n+00035410: 763a 2073 6f75 7263 652c 2020 5570 3a20 v: source, Up: \n+00035420: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+00035430: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+00035440: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e37 3420 7465 ands..16.3.74 te\n+00035450: 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a st.------------.\n+00035460: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 . -- Command: te\n+00035470: 7374 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 st expression. \n+00035480: 2020 2045 7661 6c75 6174 6520 4558 5052 Evaluate EXPR\n+00035490: 4553 5349 4f4e 2061 6e64 2072 6574 7572 ESSION and retur\n+000354a0: 6e20 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 n zero exit stat\n+000354b0: 7573 2069 6620 7265 7375 6c74 2069 7320 us if result is \n+000354c0: 7472 7565 2c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 207a true,. non z\n+000354d0: 6572 6f20 7374 6174 7573 206f 7468 6572 ero status other\n+000354e0: 7769 7365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 wise... EXPR\n+000354f0: 4553 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 ESSION is one of\n+00035500: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 :.. STRING1 \n+00035510: 273d 3d27 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 '==' STRING2. \n+00035520: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e the strin\n+00035530: 6773 2061 7265 2065 7175 616c 0a20 2020 gs are equal. \n+00035540: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 2721 3d27 2053 STRING1 '!=' S\n+00035550: 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 TRING2. \n+00035560: 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 7265 the strings are\n+00035570: 206e 6f74 2065 7175 616c 0a20 2020 2020 not equal. \n+00035580: 5354 5249 4e47 3120 273c 2720 5354 5249 STRING1 '<' STRI\n+00035590: 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 NG2. ST\n+000355a0: 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 RING1 is lexicog\n+000355b0: 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6573 7320 raphically less \n+000355c0: 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 than STRING2. \n+000355d0: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 273c 3d27 2053 STRING1 '<=' S\n+000355e0: 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 TRING2. \n+000355f0: 2053 5452 494e 4731 2069 7320 6c65 7869 STRING1 is lexi\n+00035600: 636f 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 6c65 cographically le\n+00035610: 7373 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 7468 616e ss or equal than\n+00035620: 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 5354 STRING2. ST\n+00035630: 5249 4e47 3120 273e 2720 5354 5249 4e47 RING1 '>' STRING\n+00035640: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 2. STRI\n+00035650: 4e47 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 NG1 is lexicogra\n+00035660: 7068 6963 616c 6c79 2067 7265 6174 6572 phically greater\n+00035670: 2074 6861 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 than STRING2. \n+00035680: 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 2027 3e3d 2720 STRING1 '>=' \n+00035690: 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 STRING2. \n+000356a0: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c 6578 STRING1 is lex\n+000356b0: 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 2067 icographically g\n+000356c0: 7265 6174 6572 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 reater or equal \n+000356d0: 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 than STRING2. \n+000356e0: 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2027 2d65 7127 INTEGER1 '-eq'\n+000356f0: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n+00035700: 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 INTEGER1 is \n+00035710: 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 4547 4552 equal to INTEGER\n+00035720: 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 2. INTEGER1 \n+00035730: 272d 6765 2720 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 '-ge' INTEGER2. \n+00035740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 INTEGER\n+00035750: 3120 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 1 is greater tha\n+00035760: 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e n or equal to IN\n+00035770: 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 TEGER2. INTE\n+00035780: 4745 5231 2027 2d67 7427 2049 4e54 4547 GER1 '-gt' INTEG\n+00035790: 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e ER2. IN\n+000357a0: 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 TEGER1 is greate\n+000357b0: 7220 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a r than INTEGER2.\n+000357c0: 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 272d INTEGER1 '-\n+000357d0: 6c65 2720 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 le' INTEGER2. \n+000357e0: 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 INTEGER1 \n+000357f0: 6973 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 is less than or \n+00035800: 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 4547 4552 equal to INTEGER\n+00035810: 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 2. INTEGER1 \n+00035820: 272d 6c74 2720 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 '-lt' INTEGER2. \n+00035830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 INTEGER\n+00035840: 3120 6973 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 2049 1 is less than I\n+00035850: 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 NTEGER2. INT\n+00035860: 4547 4552 3120 272d 6e65 2720 494e 5445 EGER1 '-ne' INTE\n+00035870: 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 GER2. I\n+00035880: 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 206e 6f74 2065 NTEGER1 is not e\n+00035890: 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 qual to INTEGER2\n+000358a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5052 4546 4958 494e 5445 . PREFIXINTE\n+000358b0: 4745 5231 2027 2d70 6774 2720 5052 4546 GER1 '-pgt' PREF\n+000358c0: 4958 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 IXINTEGER2. \n+000358d0: 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 INTEGER1 is\n+000358e0: 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 494e greater than IN\n+000358f0: 5445 4745 5232 2061 6674 6572 2073 7472 TEGER2 after str\n+00035900: 6970 7069 6e67 206f 6666 2063 6f6d 6d6f ipping off commo\n+00035910: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d n. non-\n+00035920: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 5052 4546 4958 2e0a numeric PREFIX..\n+00035930: 2020 2020 2050 5245 4649 5849 4e54 4547 PREFIXINTEG\n+00035940: 4552 3120 272d 706c 7427 2050 5245 4649 ER1 '-plt' PREFI\n+00035950: 5849 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 XINTEGER2. \n+00035960: 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 INTEGER1 is \n+00035970: 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 494e 5445 4745 less than INTEGE\n+00035980: 5232 2061 6674 6572 2073 7472 6970 7069 R2 after strippi\n+00035990: 6e67 206f 6666 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e0a 2020 ng off common. \n+000359a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6e75 6d65 non-nume\n+000359b0: 7269 6320 5052 4546 4958 2e0a 2020 2020 ric PREFIX.. \n+000359c0: 2046 494c 4531 2027 2d6e 7427 2046 494c FILE1 '-nt' FIL\n+000359d0: 4532 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c E2. FIL\n+000359e0: 4531 2069 7320 6e65 7765 7220 7468 616e E1 is newer than\n+000359f0: 2046 494c 4532 2028 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 FILE2 (modifica\n+00035a00: 7469 6f6e 2074 696d 6529 2e20 204f 7074 tion time). Opt\n+00035a10: 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ionally. \n+00035a20: 2020 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 4249 4153 206d numeric BIAS m\n+00035a30: 6179 2062 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 ay be directly a\n+00035a40: 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f 2027 2d6e 7427 ppended to '-nt'\n+00035a50: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 0a20 in which case. \n+00035a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 2061 it is a\n+00035a70: 6464 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 dded to the firs\n+00035a80: 7420 6669 6c65 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 t file modificat\n+00035a90: 696f 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 ion time.. F\n+00035aa0: 494c 4531 2027 2d6f 7427 2046 494c 4532 ILE1 '-ot' FILE2\n+00035ab0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4531 . FILE1\n+00035ac0: 2069 7320 6f6c 6465 7220 7468 616e 2046 is older than F\n+00035ad0: 494c 4532 2028 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 ILE2 (modificati\n+00035ae0: 6f6e 2074 696d 6529 2e20 204f 7074 696f on time). Optio\n+00035af0: 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nally. \n+00035b00: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 4249 4153 206d 6179 numeric BIAS may\n+00035b10: 2062 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7070 be directly app\n+00035b20: 656e 6465 6420 746f 2027 2d6f 7427 2069 ended to '-ot' i\n+00035b30: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 0a20 2020 n which case. \n+00035b40: 2020 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 2061 6464 it is add\n+00035b50: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ed to the first \n+00035b60: 6669 6c65 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f file modificatio\n+00035b70: 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 2d64 n time.. '-d\n+00035b80: 2720 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ' FILE. \n+00035b90: 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 7473 2061 6e64 FILE exists and\n+00035ba0: 2069 7320 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a is a directory.\n+00035bb0: 2020 2020 2027 2d65 2720 4649 4c45 0a20 '-e' FILE. \n+00035bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 6578 FILE ex\n+00035bd0: 6973 7473 0a20 2020 2020 272d 6627 2046 ists. '-f' F\n+00035be0: 494c 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 ILE. FI\n+00035bf0: 4c45 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 6973 LE exists and is\n+00035c00: 206e 6f74 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 not a directory\n+00035c10: 0a20 2020 2020 272d 7327 2046 494c 450a . '-s' FILE.\n+00035c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 2065 FILE e\n+00035c30: 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 6861 7320 6120 xists and has a \n+00035c40: 7369 7a65 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 size greater tha\n+00035c50: 6e20 7a65 726f 0a20 2020 2020 272d 6e27 n zero. '-n'\n+00035c60: 2053 5452 494e 470a 2020 2020 2020 2020 STRING. \n+00035c70: 2020 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 the length of \n+00035c80: 5354 5249 4e47 2069 7320 6e6f 6e7a 6572 STRING is nonzer\n+00035c90: 6f0a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 470a 2020 o. STRING. \n+00035ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 2069 STRING i\n+00035cb0: 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 6f20 s equivalent to \n+00035cc0: 272d 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 270a 2020 2020 '-n STRING'. \n+00035cd0: 2027 2d7a 2720 5354 5249 4e47 0a20 2020 '-z' STRING. \n+00035ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 656e 6774 the lengt\n+00035cf0: 6820 6f66 2053 5452 494e 4720 6973 207a h of STRING is z\n+00035d00: 6572 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 2827 2045 5850 ero. '(' EXP\n+00035d10: 5245 5353 494f 4e20 2729 270a 2020 2020 RESSION ')'. \n+00035d20: 2020 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e EXPRESSION\n+00035d30: 2069 7320 7472 7565 0a20 2020 2020 2721 is true. '!\n+00035d40: 2720 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 0a20 2020 ' EXPRESSION. \n+00035d50: 2020 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f EXPRESSIO\n+00035d60: 4e20 6973 2066 616c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 N is false. \n+00035d70: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 272d 6127 EXPRESSION1 '-a'\n+00035d80: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 EXPRESSION2. \n+00035d90: 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f74 6820 4558 5052 both EXPR\n+00035da0: 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 616e 6420 4558 5052 ESSION1 and EXPR\n+00035db0: 4553 5349 4f4e 3220 6172 6520 7472 7565 ESSION2 are true\n+00035dc0: 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e . EXPRESSION\n+00035dd0: 3120 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 320a 2020 1 EXPRESSION2. \n+00035de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7468 2045 5850 both EXP\n+00035df0: 5245 5353 494f 4e31 2061 6e64 2045 5850 RESSION1 and EXP\n+00035e00: 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2061 7265 2074 7275 RESSION2 are tru\n+00035e10: 652e 2020 5468 6973 2073 796e 7461 7820 e. This syntax \n+00035e20: 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 is not. \n+00035e30: 2050 4f53 4958 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 POSIX-compliant\n+00035e40: 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 636f and is not reco\n+00035e50: 6d6d 656e 6465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4558 mmended.. EX\n+00035e60: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 272d 6f27 2045 PRESSION1 '-o' E\n+00035e70: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 XPRESSION2. \n+00035e80: 2020 2020 2065 6974 6865 7220 4558 5052 either EXPR\n+00035e90: 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 6f72 2045 5850 5245 ESSION1 or EXPRE\n+00035ea0: 5353 494f 4e32 2069 7320 7472 7565 0a0a SSION2 is true..\n+00035eb0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00035ec0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 o, Node: true, \n+00035ed0: 204e 6578 743a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 2050 Next: trust, P\n+00035ee0: 7265 763a 2074 6573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: test, Up: \n+00035ef0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+00035f00: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+00035f10: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e37 3520 7472 ands..16.3.75 tr\n+00035f20: 7565 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ue.------------.\n+00035f30: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7472 . -- Command: tr\n+00035f40: 7565 0a20 2020 2020 446f 206e 6f74 6869 ue. Do nothi\n+00035f50: 6e67 2c20 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 ng, successfully\n+00035f60: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c . This is mainl\n+00035f70: 7920 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e74 y useful in cont\n+00035f80: 726f 6c0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 rol. constru\n+00035f90: 6374 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 2769 6627 cts such as 'if'\n+00035fa0: 2061 6e64 2027 7768 696c 6527 2028 2a6e and 'while' (*n\n+00035fb0: 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 ote Shell-like s\n+00035fc0: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a cripting::).....\n+00035fd0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00035fe0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7573 742c 2020 Node: trust, \n+00035ff0: 4e65 7874 3a20 756e 7365 742c 2020 5072 Next: unset, Pr\n+00036000: 6576 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ev: true, Up: C\n+00036010: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n+00036020: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 menu entry comma\n+00036030: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3736 2074 7275 nds..16.3.76 tru\n+00036040: 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d st.-------------\n+00036050: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 .. -- Command: t\n+00036060: 7275 7374 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 rust [--skip-sig\n+00036070: 5d20 7075 626b 6579 5f66 696c 650a 2020 ] pubkey_file. \n+00036080: 2020 2052 6561 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b Read public k\n+00036090: 6579 2066 726f 6d20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 ey from PUBKEY_F\n+000360a0: 494c 4520 616e 6420 6164 6420 6974 2074 ILE and add it t\n+000360b0: 6f20 4752 5542 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 o GRUB's interna\n+000360c0: 6c20 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 l list. of t\n+000360d0: 7275 7374 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 rusted public ke\n+000360e0: 7973 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206b 6579 7320 ys. These keys \n+000360f0: 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 are used to vali\n+00036100: 6461 7465 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a20 2020 date digital. \n+00036110: 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2077 6865 signatures whe\n+00036120: 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 n environment va\n+00036130: 7269 6162 6c65 2027 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 riable 'check_si\n+00036140: 676e 6174 7572 6573 2720 6973 2073 6574 gnatures' is set\n+00036150: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2027 656e 666f 7263 to. 'enforc\n+00036160: 6527 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2069 e'. Note that i\n+00036170: 6620 2763 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 f 'check_signatu\n+00036180: 7265 7327 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2027 res' is set to '\n+00036190: 656e 666f 7263 6527 0a20 2020 2020 7768 enforce'. wh\n+000361a0: 656e 2027 7472 7573 7427 2065 7865 6375 en 'trust' execu\n+000361b0: 7465 732c 2074 6865 6e20 5055 424b 4559 tes, then PUBKEY\n+000361c0: 5f46 494c 4520 6d75 7374 2069 7473 656c _FILE must itsel\n+000361d0: 6620 6265 2070 726f 7065 726c 790a 2020 f be properly. \n+000361e0: 2020 2073 6967 6e65 642e 2020 5468 6520 signed. The \n+000361f0: 272d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 6727 206f 7074 '--skip-sig' opt\n+00036200: 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ion can be used \n+00036210: 746f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 to disable. \n+00036220: 7369 676e 6174 7572 652d 6368 6563 6b69 signature-checki\n+00036230: 6e67 2077 6865 6e20 7265 6164 696e 6720 ng when reading \n+00036240: 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6974 7365 PUBKEY_FILE itse\n+00036250: 6c66 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2065 7870 6563 lf. It is expec\n+00036260: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 272d ted. that '-\n+00036270: 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 6727 2069 7320 7573 -skip-sig' is us\n+00036280: 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2074 6573 7469 6e67 eful for testing\n+00036290: 2061 6e64 206d 616e 7561 6c20 626f 6f74 and manual boot\n+000362a0: 696e 672e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 ing. *Note. \n+000362b0: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n+000362c0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 ignatures::, for\n+000362d0: 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f more informatio\n+000362e0: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n+000362f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 756e .info, Node: un\n+00036300: 7365 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7665 7269 set, Next: veri\n+00036310: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642c 2020 5072 fy_detached, Pr\n+00036320: 6576 3a20 7472 7573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: trust, Up: \n+00036330: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+00036340: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+00036350: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e37 3720 756e ands..16.3.77 un\n+00036360: 7365 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d set.------------\n+00036370: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00036380: 756e 7365 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 2020 unset envvar. \n+00036390: 2020 556e 7365 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 Unset the envi\n+000363a0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+000363b0: 2045 4e56 5641 522e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ENVVAR.....File\n+000363c0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000363d0: 6465 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 de: verify_detac\n+000363e0: 6865 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7669 6465 hed, Next: vide\n+000363f0: 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 756e oinfo, Prev: un\n+00036400: 7365 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e set, Up: Comman\n+00036410: 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d 656e 7520 d-line and menu \n+00036420: 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a entry commands..\n+00036430: 3136 2e33 2e37 3820 7665 7269 6679 5f64 16.3.78 verify_d\n+00036440: 6574 6163 6865 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d etached.--------\n+00036450: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00036460: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7665 . -- Command: ve\n+00036470: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 6420 5b2d rify_detached [-\n+00036480: 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 675d 2066 696c 6520 -skip-sig] file \n+00036490: 7369 676e 6174 7572 655f 6669 6c65 0a20 signature_file. \n+000364a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 7075 626b 6579 [pubkey\n+000364b0: 5f66 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7269 _file]. Veri\n+000364c0: 6669 6573 2061 2047 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 fies a GPG-style\n+000364d0: 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 7369 676e 6174 detached signat\n+000364e0: 7572 652c 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2073 ure, where the s\n+000364f0: 6967 6e65 6420 6669 6c65 2069 730a 2020 igned file is. \n+00036500: 2020 2046 494c 452c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 FILE, and the\n+00036510: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2069 7473 656c signature itsel\n+00036520: 6620 6973 2069 6e20 6669 6c65 2053 4947 f is in file SIG\n+00036530: 4e41 5455 5245 5f46 494c 452e 0a20 2020 NATURE_FILE.. \n+00036540: 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 6120 Optionally, a \n+00036550: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2070 7562 6c69 6320 specific public \n+00036560: 6b65 7920 746f 2075 7365 2063 616e 2062 key to use can b\n+00036570: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7573 696e e specified usin\n+00036580: 670a 2020 2020 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 g. PUBKEY_FI\n+00036590: 4c45 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f LE. When enviro\n+000365a0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2027 nment variable '\n+000365b0: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+000365c0: 2720 6973 2073 6574 0a20 2020 2020 746f ' is set. to\n+000365d0: 2027 656e 666f 7263 6527 2c20 7468 656e 'enforce', then\n+000365e0: 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 206d 7573 PUBKEY_FILE mus\n+000365f0: 7420 6974 7365 6c66 2062 6520 7072 6f70 t itself be prop\n+00036600: 6572 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6279 2061 erly signed by a\n+00036610: 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2d74 n. already-t\n+00036620: 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 rusted key. An \n+00036630: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2050 5542 4b45 595f unsigned PUBKEY_\n+00036640: 4649 4c45 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 FILE can be load\n+00036650: 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 ed by. speci\n+00036660: 6679 696e 6720 272d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 fying '--skip-si\n+00036670: 6727 2e20 2049 6620 5055 424b 4559 5f46 g'. If PUBKEY_F\n+00036680: 494c 4520 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 ILE is omitted, \n+00036690: 7468 656e 2070 7562 6c69 630a 2020 2020 then public. \n+000366a0: 206b 6579 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4227 keys from GRUB'\n+000366b0: 7320 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 2028 s trusted keys (\n+000366c0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 *note list_trust\n+000366d0: 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7472 7573 ed::, *note trus\n+000366e0: 743a 3a2c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 2a6e t::,. and *n\n+000366f0: 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 2920 ote distrust::) \n+00036700: 6172 6520 7472 6965 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 are tried... \n+00036710: 2045 7869 7420 636f 6465 2027 243f 2720 Exit code '$?' \n+00036720: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2074 is set to 0 if t\n+00036730: 6865 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2076 616c he signature val\n+00036740: 6964 6174 6573 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 idates successfu\n+00036750: 6c6c 792e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2076 616c lly.. If val\n+00036760: 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c 732c 2069 idation fails, i\n+00036770: 7420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f t is set to a no\n+00036780: 6e2d 7a65 726f 2076 616c 7565 2e20 202a n-zero value. *\n+00036790: 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 Note Using. \n+000367a0: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n+000367b0: 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 es::, for more i\n+000367c0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nformation.....F\n+000367d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000367e0: 204e 6f64 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f Node: videoinfo\n+000367f0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2077 726d 7372 2c20 , Next: wrmsr, \n+00036800: 2050 7265 763a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 Prev: verify_de\n+00036810: 7461 6368 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d tached, Up: Com\n+00036820: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6d65 mand-line and me\n+00036830: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nu entry command\n+00036840: 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3739 2076 6964 656f s..16.3.79 video\n+00036850: 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d info.-----------\n+00036860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00036870: 616e 643a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 205b and: videoinfo [\n+00036880: 5b57 7848 5d78 445d 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 [WxH]xD]. Li\n+00036890: 7374 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 st available vid\n+000368a0: 656f 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7265 eo modes. If re\n+000368b0: 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 solution is give\n+000368c0: 6e2c 2073 686f 7720 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 n, show only. \n+000368d0: 2020 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 206d 6f64 6573 matching modes\n+000368e0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000368f0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2077 726d info, Node: wrm\n+00036900: 7372 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2078 656e 5f68 sr, Next: xen_h\n+00036910: 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 5072 6576 ypervisor, Prev\n+00036920: 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5570 : videoinfo, Up\n+00036930: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 : Command-line a\n+00036940: 6e64 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f nd menu entry co\n+00036950: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e38 3020 mmands..16.3.80 \n+00036960: 7772 6d73 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d wrmsr.----------\n+00036970: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00036980: 3a3a 2077 726d 7372 2030 7841 4444 5220 :: wrmsr 0xADDR \n+00036990: 3078 5641 4c55 450a 2020 2020 2057 7269 0xVALUE. Wri\n+000369a0: 7465 2061 2030 7856 414c 5545 2074 6f20 te a 0xVALUE to \n+000369b0: 6120 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 a model-specific\n+000369c0: 2072 6567 6973 7465 7220 6174 2061 6464 register at add\n+000369d0: 7265 7373 2030 7841 4444 522e 0a0a 2020 ress 0xADDR... \n+000369e0: 2020 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 Please note t\n+000369f0: 6861 7420 6f6e 2053 4d50 2073 7973 7465 hat on SMP syste\n+00036a00: 6d73 2c20 7772 6974 696e 6720 746f 2061 ms, writing to a\n+00036a10: 204d 5352 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 6120 MSR that has a \n+00036a20: 7363 6f70 650a 2020 2020 2070 6572 2068 scope. per h\n+00036a30: 6172 6477 6172 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 ardware thread, \n+00036a40: 696d 706c 6965 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 implies that the\n+00036a50: 2076 616c 7565 2074 6861 7420 6973 2077 value that is w\n+00036a60: 7269 7474 656e 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 ritten only. \n+00036a70: 2061 7070 6c69 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 applies to the \n+00036a80: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2063 7075 2f63 particular cpu/c\n+00036a90: 6f72 652f 7468 7265 6164 2074 6861 7420 ore/thread that \n+00036aa0: 7275 6e73 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 runs the command\n+00036ab0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 6966 ... Also, if\n+00036ac0: 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2072 you specify a r\n+00036ad0: 6573 6572 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 6d70 eserved or unimp\n+00036ae0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 6464 lemented MSR add\n+00036af0: 7265 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 ress, it. wi\n+00036b00: 6c6c 2063 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e 6572 ll cause a gener\n+00036b10: 616c 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6578 al protection ex\n+00036b20: 6365 7074 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 2069 ception (which i\n+00036b30: 7320 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a s not currently.\n+00036b40: 2020 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e 646c being handl\n+00036b50: 6564 2920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 7374 ed) and the syst\n+00036b60: 656d 2077 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 2e0a em will reboot..\n+00036b70: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 . Note: The \n+00036b80: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 command is not a\n+00036b90: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b llowed when lock\n+00036ba0: 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 down is enforced\n+00036bb0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 (*note. Loc\n+00036bc0: 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 kdown::). This \n+00036bd0: 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 746f 2070 7265 7665 is done to preve\n+00036be0: 6e74 2073 7562 7665 7274 696e 6720 7661 nt subverting va\n+00036bf0: 7269 6f75 7320 7365 6375 7269 7479 0a20 rious security. \n+00036c00: 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a mechanisms..\n+00036c10: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00036c20: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2078 656e 5f68 fo, Node: xen_h\n+00036c30: 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 4e65 7874 ypervisor, Next\n+00036c40: 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 : xen_module, P\n+00036c50: 7265 763a 2077 726d 7372 2c20 2055 703a rev: wrmsr, Up:\n+00036c60: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e Command-line an\n+00036c70: 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 6f6d d menu entry com\n+00036c80: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 332e 3831 2078 mands..16.3.81 x\n+00036c90: 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 720a 2d2d en_hypervisor.--\n 00036ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00036cb0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00036cc0: 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 xen_hypervisor \n-00036cd0: 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d file [arguments]\n-00036ce0: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 .... Load a\n-00036cf0: 2058 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 Xen hypervisor \n-00036d00: 6269 6e61 7279 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 binary from FILE\n-00036d10: 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 . The rest of t\n-00036d20: 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 he line is. \n-00036d30: 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 passed verbatim \n-00036d40: 6173 2074 6865 2022 6b65 726e 656c 2063 as the \"kernel c\n-00036d50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6522 2e20 2041 ommand-line\". A\n-00036d60: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 696e 6172 6965 ny other binarie\n-00036d70: 730a 2020 2020 206d 7573 7420 6265 2072 s. must be r\n-00036d80: 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 eloaded after us\n-00036d90: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ing this command\n-00036da0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 . This command \n-00036db0: 6973 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 7661 is only. ava\n-00036dc0: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 ilable on AArch6\n-00036dd0: 3420 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 4 systems.....Fi\n-00036de0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00036df0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 Node: xen_module\n-00036e00: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 , Prev: xen_hyp\n-00036e10: 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ervisor, Up: Co\n-00036e20: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n-00036e30: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n-00036e40: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e38 3220 7865 6e5f ds..16.3.82 xen_\n-00036e50: 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d module.---------\n-00036e60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00036e70: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 ommand: xen_modu\n-00036e80: 6c65 205b 2d2d 6e6f 756e 7a69 705d 2066 le [--nounzip] f\n-00036e90: 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e 7473 5d0a ile [arguments].\n-00036ea0: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d6f 6475 Load a modu\n-00036eb0: 6c65 2066 6f72 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 le for xen hyper\n-00036ec0: 7669 736f 7220 6174 2074 6865 2062 6f6f visor at the boo\n-00036ed0: 7469 6e67 2070 726f 6365 7373 206f 6620 ting process of \n-00036ee0: 7865 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7265 xen.. The re\n-00036ef0: 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 st of the line i\n-00036f00: 7320 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 s passed verbati\n-00036f10: 6d20 6173 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 m as the module \n-00036f20: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2e0a 2020 command line.. \n-00036f30: 2020 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c Modules shoul\n-00036f40: 6420 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2074 d be loaded in t\n-00036f50: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7264 he following ord\n-00036f60: 6572 3a20 2d20 646f 6d30 206b 6572 6e65 er: - dom0 kerne\n-00036f70: 6c0a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 202d 2064 l. image - d\n-00036f80: 6f6d 3020 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 6966 2070 om0 ramdisk if p\n-00036f90: 7265 7365 6e74 202d 2058 534d 2070 6f6c resent - XSM pol\n-00036fa0: 6963 7920 6966 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2054 icy if present T\n-00036fb0: 6869 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 his. command\n-00036fc0: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 is only availab\n-00036fd0: 6c65 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3420 7379 le on AArch64 sy\n-00036fe0: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 stems.....File: \n-00036ff0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00037000: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n-00037010: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f mands, Prev: Co\n-00037020: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 206d mmand-line and m\n-00037030: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d 616e enu entry comman\n-00037040: 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ds, Up: Command\n-00037050: 730a 0a31 362e 3420 5468 6520 6c69 7374 s..16.4 The list\n-00037060: 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 of networking c\n-00037070: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ommands.========\n+00036cb0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00036cc0: 643a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f d: xen_hyperviso\n+00036cd0: 7220 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 r file [argument\n+00036ce0: 735d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 s] .... Load\n+00036cf0: 2061 2058 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f a Xen hyperviso\n+00036d00: 7220 6269 6e61 7279 2066 726f 6d20 4649 r binary from FI\n+00036d10: 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 LE. The rest of\n+00036d20: 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 the line is. \n+00036d30: 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 passed verbati\n+00036d40: 6d20 6173 2074 6865 2022 6b65 726e 656c m as the \"kernel\n+00036d50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6522 2e20 command-line\". \n+00036d60: 2041 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 696e 6172 Any other binar\n+00036d70: 6965 730a 2020 2020 206d 7573 7420 6265 ies. must be\n+00036d80: 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 reloaded after \n+00036d90: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 using this comma\n+00036da0: 6e64 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e nd. This comman\n+00036db0: 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 d is only. a\n+00036dc0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 4141 7263 vailable on AArc\n+00036dd0: 6836 3420 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a h64 systems.....\n+00036de0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00036df0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 Node: xen_modu\n+00036e00: 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2078 656e 5f68 le, Prev: xen_h\n+00036e10: 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 ypervisor, Up: \n+00036e20: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+00036e30: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+00036e40: 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e33 2e38 3220 7865 ands..16.3.82 xe\n+00036e50: 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d n_module.-------\n+00036e60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00036e70: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f Command: xen_mo\n+00036e80: 6475 6c65 205b 2d2d 6e6f 756e 7a69 705d dule [--nounzip]\n+00036e90: 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e 7473 file [arguments\n+00036ea0: 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d6f ]. Load a mo\n+00036eb0: 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 2078 656e 2068 7970 dule for xen hyp\n+00036ec0: 6572 7669 736f 7220 6174 2074 6865 2062 ervisor at the b\n+00036ed0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2070 726f 6365 7373 206f ooting process o\n+00036ee0: 6620 7865 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 f xen.. The \n+00036ef0: 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 rest of the line\n+00036f00: 2069 7320 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 is passed verba\n+00036f10: 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c tim as the modul\n+00036f20: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2e0a e command line..\n+00036f30: 2020 2020 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 686f Modules sho\n+00036f40: 756c 6420 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696e uld be loaded in\n+00036f50: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f the following o\n+00036f60: 7264 6572 3a20 2d20 646f 6d30 206b 6572 rder: - dom0 ker\n+00036f70: 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 202d nel. image -\n+00036f80: 2064 6f6d 3020 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 6966 dom0 ramdisk if\n+00036f90: 2070 7265 7365 6e74 202d 2058 534d 2070 present - XSM p\n+00036fa0: 6f6c 6963 7920 6966 2070 7265 7365 6e74 olicy if present\n+00036fb0: 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 This. comma\n+00036fc0: 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c nd is only avail\n+00036fd0: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3420 able on AArch64 \n+00036fe0: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 systems.....File\n+00036ff0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00037000: 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 de: Networking c\n+00037010: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ommands, Prev: \n+00037020: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n+00037030: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n+00037040: 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 ands, Up: Comma\n+00037050: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 3420 5468 6520 6c69 nds..16.4 The li\n+00037060: 7374 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 st of networking\n+00037070: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d commands.======\n 00037080: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00037090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 2a20 ============..* \n-000370a0: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 Menu:..* net_add\n-000370b0: 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _addr:: \n-000370c0: 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 2061 206e 6574 Add a net\n-000370d0: 776f 726b 2061 6464 7265 7373 0a2a 206e work address.* n\n-000370e0: 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 et_add_dns:: \n-000370f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 Add\n-00037100: 2061 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 720a 2a20 a DNS server.* \n-00037110: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 653a 3a20 net_add_route:: \n-00037120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 Ad\n-00037130: 6420 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 790a d routing entry.\n-00037140: 2a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 703a 3a20 2020 * net_bootp:: \n+00037090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+000370a0: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 * Menu:..* net_a\n+000370b0: 6464 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 dd_addr:: \n+000370c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 2061 206e Add a n\n+000370d0: 6574 776f 726b 2061 6464 7265 7373 0a2a etwork address.*\n+000370e0: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 net_add_dns:: \n+000370f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 A\n+00037100: 6464 2061 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 720a dd a DNS server.\n+00037110: 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 653a * net_add_route:\n+00037120: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00037130: 4164 6420 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 Add routing entr\n+00037140: 790a 2a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 703a 3a20 y.* net_bootp:: \n 00037150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00037160: 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 626f 6f74 702f Perform a bootp/\n-00037170: 4448 4350 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 DHCP autoconfigu\n-00037180: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c ration.* net_del\n-00037190: 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _addr:: \n-000371a0: 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 4950 Remove IP\n-000371b0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2066 726f 6d20 696e address from in\n-000371c0: 7465 7266 6163 650a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 terface.* net_de\n-000371d0: 6c5f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 l_dns:: \n-000371e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 Remove a\n-000371f0: 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 720a 2a20 6e65 DNS server.* ne\n-00037200: 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 653a 3a20 2020 t_del_route:: \n-00037210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f Remo\n-00037220: 7665 2061 2072 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 ve a route entry\n-00037230: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a 3a20 2020 .* net_dhcp:: \n+00037160: 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 626f 6f74 Perform a boot\n+00037170: 702f 4448 4350 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 p/DHCP autoconfi\n+00037180: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 guration.* net_d\n+00037190: 656c 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 el_addr:: \n+000371a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 Remove \n+000371b0: 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 2066 726f 6d20 IP address from \n+000371c0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2a20 6e65 745f interface.* net_\n+000371d0: 6465 6c5f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 del_dns:: \n+000371e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 Remove\n+000371f0: 2061 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 720a 2a20 a DNS server.* \n+00037200: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 653a 3a20 net_del_route:: \n+00037210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 Re\n+00037220: 6d6f 7665 2061 2072 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 move a route ent\n+00037230: 7279 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a 3a20 ry.* net_dhcp:: \n 00037240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00037250: 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2044 4843 5020 Perform a DHCP \n-00037260: 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f autoconfiguratio\n-00037270: 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 n.* net_get_dhcp\n-00037280: 5f6f 7074 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 _option:: \n-00037290: 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2044 4843 5020 Retrieve DHCP \n-000372a0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6970 options.* net_ip\n-000372b0: 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 663a 3a20 2020 v6_autoconf:: \n-000372c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 Perform \n-000372d0: 4950 7636 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 IPv6 autoconfigu\n-000372e0: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f ration.* net_ls_\n-000372f0: 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 addr:: \n-00037300: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 696e 7465 List inte\n-00037310: 7266 6163 6573 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f rfaces.* net_ls_\n-00037320: 6361 7264 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 cards:: \n-00037330: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6e65 7477 List netw\n-00037340: 6f72 6b20 6361 7264 730a 2a20 6e65 745f ork cards.* net_\n-00037350: 6c73 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ls_dns:: \n-00037360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2044 List D\n-00037370: 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7273 0a2a 206e 6574 NS servers.* net\n-00037380: 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 _ls_routes:: \n-00037390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 List \n-000373a0: 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 6965 730a routing entries.\n-000373b0: 2a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 3a3a * net_nslookup::\n-000373c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000373d0: 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 444e 5320 6c6f Perform a DNS lo\n-000373e0: 6f6b 7570 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 okup....File: gr\n-000373f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00037400: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 2c20 204e net_add_addr, N\n-00037410: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 ext: net_add_dns\n-00037420: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n-00037430: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e34 g commands..16.4\n-00037440: 2e31 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 720a .1 net_add_addr.\n-00037450: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00037460: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00037470: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 2049 : net_add_addr I\n-00037480: 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2043 4152 4420 4144 NTERFACE CARD AD\n-00037490: 4452 4553 530a 2020 2020 2043 6f6e 6669 DRESS. Confi\n-000374a0: 6775 7265 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 gure additional \n-000374b0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 494e 5445 5246 4143 network INTERFAC\n-000374c0: 4520 7769 7468 2041 4444 5245 5353 206f E with ADDRESS o\n-000374d0: 6e20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 n a network. \n-000374e0: 2043 4152 442e 2020 4144 4452 4553 5320 CARD. ADDRESS \n-000374f0: 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6974 6865 7220 4950 can be either IP\n-00037500: 2069 6e20 646f 7474 6564 2064 6563 696d in dotted decim\n-00037510: 616c 206e 6f74 6174 696f 6e2c 206f 720a al notation, or.\n-00037520: 2020 2020 2073 796d 626f 6c69 6320 6e61 symbolic na\n-00037530: 6d65 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 7265 736f me which is reso\n-00037540: 6c76 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 206c lved using DNS l\n-00037550: 6f6f 6b75 702e 2020 4966 2073 7563 6365 ookup. If succe\n-00037560: 7373 6675 6c2c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6973 ssful,. this\n-00037570: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6164 command also ad\n-00037580: 6473 206c 6f63 616c 206c 696e 6b20 726f ds local link ro\n-00037590: 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 7920 746f 2074 uting entry to t\n-000375a0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 he default. \n-000375b0: 7375 626e 6574 206f 6620 4144 4452 4553 subnet of ADDRES\n-000375c0: 5320 7769 7468 206e 616d 6520 494e 5445 S with name INTE\n-000375d0: 5246 4143 4527 3a6c 6f63 616c 2720 7669 RFACE':local' vi\n-000375e0: 6120 494e 5445 5246 4143 452e 0a0a 1f0a a INTERFACE.....\n-000375f0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00037600: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f Node: net_add_\n-00037610: 646e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f dns, Next: net_\n-00037620: 6164 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5072 6576 add_route, Prev\n-00037630: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 2c20 : net_add_addr, \n-00037640: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n-00037650: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e34 2e32 commands..16.4.2\n-00037660: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d net_add_dns.---\n-00037670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00037680: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n-00037690: 745f 6164 645f 646e 7320 5345 5256 4552 t_add_dns SERVER\n-000376a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 736f 6c76 6520 5345 . Resolve SE\n-000376b0: 5256 4552 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 RVER IP address \n-000376c0: 616e 6420 6164 6420 746f 2074 6865 206c and add to the l\n-000376d0: 6973 7420 6f66 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 ist of DNS serve\n-000376e0: 7273 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 2064 7572 rs used. dur\n-000376f0: 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e ing name lookup.\n-00037700: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00037710: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-00037720: 6164 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 4e65 7874 add_route, Next\n-00037730: 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702c 2020 5072 : net_bootp, Pr\n-00037740: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732c ev: net_add_dns,\n-00037750: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n-00037760: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 342e commands..16.4.\n-00037770: 3320 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 650a 3 net_add_route.\n-00037780: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00037790: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-000377a0: 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 d: net_add_route\n-000377b0: 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2049 505b 2f50 SHORTNAME IP[/P\n-000377c0: 5245 4649 585d 205b 494e 5445 5246 4143 REFIX] [INTERFAC\n-000377d0: 4520 7c20 6777 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 E | gw. \n-000377e0: 2047 4154 4557 4159 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 GATEWAY]. A\n-000377f0: 6464 2072 6f75 7465 2074 6f20 6e65 7477 dd route to netw\n-00037800: 6f72 6b20 7769 7468 2061 6464 7265 7373 ork with address\n-00037810: 2049 5020 6173 206d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 IP as modified \n-00037820: 6279 2050 5245 4649 5820 7669 610a 2020 by PREFIX via. \n-00037830: 2020 2065 6974 6865 7220 6c6f 6361 6c20 either local \n-00037840: 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 6f72 2047 4154 INTERFACE or GAT\n-00037850: 4557 4159 2e20 2050 5245 4649 5820 6973 EWAY. PREFIX is\n-00037860: 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 6465 optional and de\n-00037870: 6661 756c 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2033 faults. to 3\n-00037880: 3220 666f 7220 4950 7634 2061 6464 7265 2 for IPv4 addre\n-00037890: 7373 2061 6e64 2031 3238 2066 6f72 2049 ss and 128 for I\n-000378a0: 5076 3620 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 526f Pv6 address. Ro\n-000378b0: 7574 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6964 656e ute is. iden\n-000378c0: 7469 6669 6564 2062 7920 5348 4f52 544e tified by SHORTN\n-000378d0: 414d 4520 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 AME which can be\n-000378e0: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2072 656d 6f76 6520 used to remove \n-000378f0: 6974 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 206e it (*note. n\n-00037900: 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a 292e et_del_route::).\n-00037910: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00037920: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-00037930: 626f 6f74 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 bootp, Next: ne\n-00037940: 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 2050 7265 t_del_addr, Pre\n-00037950: 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 v: net_add_route\n-00037960: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n-00037970: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e34 g commands..16.4\n-00037980: 2e34 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 0a2d 2d2d .4 net_bootp.---\n-00037990: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-000379a0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n-000379b0: 626f 6f74 7020 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 bootp [CARD]. \n-000379c0: 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 6e65 745f Alias for net_\n-000379d0: 6468 6370 2c20 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 dhcp, for compat\n-000379e0: 6962 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 206f 6c64 ibility with old\n-000379f0: 6572 2047 7275 6220 7665 7273 696f 6e73 er Grub versions\n-00037a00: 2e0a 2020 2020 2057 696c 6c20 7065 7266 .. Will perf\n-00037a10: 6f72 6d20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2044 4843 orm the same DHC\n-00037a20: 5020 6861 6e64 7368 616b 6520 7769 7468 P handshake with\n-00037a30: 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c 2066 616c 6c62 potential fallb\n-00037a40: 6163 6b20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 424f 4f54 ack to. BOOT\n-00037a50: 5020 6173 2074 6865 206e 6574 5f64 6863 P as the net_dhc\n-00037a60: 7020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 p command (*note\n-00037a70: 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f net_dhcp::)....\n-00037a80: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00037a90: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c , Node: net_del\n-00037aa0: 5f61 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 _addr, Next: ne\n-00037ab0: 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 5072 6576 t_del_dns, Prev\n-00037ac0: 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702c 2020 5570 : net_bootp, Up\n-00037ad0: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n-00037ae0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 342e 3520 6e65 mands..16.4.5 ne\n-00037af0: 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d t_del_addr.-----\n-00037b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00037b10: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n-00037b20: 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 7220 494e 5445 5246 _del_addr INTERF\n-00037b30: 4143 450a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 ACE. Remove \n-00037b40: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2049 4e54 4552 configured INTER\n-00037b50: 4641 4345 2077 6974 6820 6173 736f 6369 FACE with associ\n-00037b60: 6174 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e0a 0a1f ated address....\n-00037b70: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00037b80: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c , Node: net_del\n-00037b90: 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 _dns, Next: net\n-00037ba0: 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2050 7265 _del_route, Pre\n-00037bb0: 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722c v: net_del_addr,\n-00037bc0: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n-00037bd0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 342e commands..16.4.\n-00037be0: 3620 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 730a 2d2d 6 net_del_dns.--\n+00037250: 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2044 4843 Perform a DHC\n+00037260: 5020 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 P autoconfigurat\n+00037270: 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 ion.* net_get_dh\n+00037280: 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 cp_option:: \n+00037290: 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2044 4843 Retrieve DHC\n+000372a0: 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 6e65 745f P options.* net_\n+000372b0: 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 663a 3a20 ipv6_autoconf:: \n+000372c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 Perfor\n+000372d0: 6d20 4950 7636 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 m IPv6 autoconfi\n+000372e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c guration.* net_l\n+000372f0: 735f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 s_addr:: \n+00037300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 696e List in\n+00037310: 7465 7266 6163 6573 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c terfaces.* net_l\n+00037320: 735f 6361 7264 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 s_cards:: \n+00037330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6e65 List ne\n+00037340: 7477 6f72 6b20 6361 7264 730a 2a20 6e65 twork cards.* ne\n+00037350: 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 t_ls_dns:: \n+00037360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 List\n+00037370: 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7273 0a2a 206e DNS servers.* n\n+00037380: 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 3a3a 2020 et_ls_routes:: \n+00037390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 Lis\n+000373a0: 7420 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 6965 t routing entrie\n+000373b0: 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 s.* net_nslookup\n+000373c0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+000373d0: 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 444e 5320 Perform a DNS \n+000373e0: 6c6f 6f6b 7570 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 lookup....File: \n+000373f0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00037400: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 2c20 : net_add_addr, \n+00037410: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 Next: net_add_d\n+00037420: 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b ns, Up: Network\n+00037430: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 ing commands..16\n+00037440: 2e34 2e31 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 .4.1 net_add_add\n+00037450: 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r.--------------\n+00037460: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00037470: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 nd: net_add_addr\n+00037480: 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2043 4152 4420 INTERFACE CARD \n+00037490: 4144 4452 4553 530a 2020 2020 2043 6f6e ADDRESS. Con\n+000374a0: 6669 6775 7265 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 figure additiona\n+000374b0: 6c20 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 494e 5445 5246 l network INTERF\n+000374c0: 4143 4520 7769 7468 2041 4444 5245 5353 ACE with ADDRESS\n+000374d0: 206f 6e20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a 2020 on a network. \n+000374e0: 2020 2043 4152 442e 2020 4144 4452 4553 CARD. ADDRES\n+000374f0: 5320 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6974 6865 7220 S can be either \n+00037500: 4950 2069 6e20 646f 7474 6564 2064 6563 IP in dotted dec\n+00037510: 696d 616c 206e 6f74 6174 696f 6e2c 206f imal notation, o\n+00037520: 720a 2020 2020 2073 796d 626f 6c69 6320 r. symbolic \n+00037530: 6e61 6d65 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 7265 name which is re\n+00037540: 736f 6c76 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 solved using DNS\n+00037550: 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 2020 4966 2073 7563 lookup. If suc\n+00037560: 6365 7373 6675 6c2c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 cessful,. th\n+00037570: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 is command also \n+00037580: 6164 6473 206c 6f63 616c 206c 696e 6b20 adds local link \n+00037590: 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 7920 746f routing entry to\n+000375a0: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 the default. \n+000375b0: 2020 7375 626e 6574 206f 6620 4144 4452 subnet of ADDR\n+000375c0: 4553 5320 7769 7468 206e 616d 6520 494e ESS with name IN\n+000375d0: 5445 5246 4143 4527 3a6c 6f63 616c 2720 TERFACE':local' \n+000375e0: 7669 6120 494e 5445 5246 4143 452e 0a0a via INTERFACE...\n+000375f0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00037600: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 o, Node: net_ad\n+00037610: 645f 646e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 d_dns, Next: ne\n+00037620: 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5072 t_add_route, Pr\n+00037630: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 ev: net_add_addr\n+00037640: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n+00037650: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 2e34 g commands..16.4\n+00037660: 2e32 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 0a2d .2 net_add_dns.-\n+00037670: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00037680: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00037690: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 7320 5345 5256 net_add_dns SERV\n+000376a0: 4552 0a20 2020 2020 5265 736f 6c76 6520 ER. Resolve \n+000376b0: 5345 5256 4552 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 SERVER IP addres\n+000376c0: 7320 616e 6420 6164 6420 746f 2074 6865 s and add to the\n+000376d0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2044 4e53 2073 6572 list of DNS ser\n+000376e0: 7665 7273 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 2064 vers used. d\n+000376f0: 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 uring name looku\n+00037700: 702e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 p.....File: grub\n+00037710: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+00037720: 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 4e65 t_add_route, Ne\n+00037730: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702c 2020 xt: net_bootp, \n+00037740: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e Prev: net_add_dn\n+00037750: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 s, Up: Networki\n+00037760: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ng commands..16.\n+00037770: 342e 3320 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 4.3 net_add_rout\n+00037780: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n+00037790: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+000377a0: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 and: net_add_rou\n+000377b0: 7465 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2049 505b te SHORTNAME IP[\n+000377c0: 2f50 5245 4649 585d 205b 494e 5445 5246 /PREFIX] [INTERF\n+000377d0: 4143 4520 7c20 6777 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ACE | gw. \n+000377e0: 2020 2047 4154 4557 4159 5d0a 2020 2020 GATEWAY]. \n+000377f0: 2041 6464 2072 6f75 7465 2074 6f20 6e65 Add route to ne\n+00037800: 7477 6f72 6b20 7769 7468 2061 6464 7265 twork with addre\n+00037810: 7373 2049 5020 6173 206d 6f64 6966 6965 ss IP as modifie\n+00037820: 6420 6279 2050 5245 4649 5820 7669 610a d by PREFIX via.\n+00037830: 2020 2020 2065 6974 6865 7220 6c6f 6361 either loca\n+00037840: 6c20 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 6f72 2047 l INTERFACE or G\n+00037850: 4154 4557 4159 2e20 2050 5245 4649 5820 ATEWAY. PREFIX \n+00037860: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 is optional and \n+00037870: 6465 6661 756c 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f defaults. to\n+00037880: 2033 3220 666f 7220 4950 7634 2061 6464 32 for IPv4 add\n+00037890: 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2031 3238 2066 6f72 ress and 128 for\n+000378a0: 2049 5076 3620 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 IPv6 address. \n+000378b0: 526f 7574 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6964 Route is. id\n+000378c0: 656e 7469 6669 6564 2062 7920 5348 4f52 entified by SHOR\n+000378d0: 544e 414d 4520 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 TNAME which can \n+000378e0: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2072 656d 6f76 be used to remov\n+000378f0: 6520 6974 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 e it (*note. \n+00037900: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a net_del_route::\n+00037910: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+00037920: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+00037930: 745f 626f 6f74 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 t_bootp, Next: \n+00037940: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 2050 net_del_addr, P\n+00037950: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 rev: net_add_rou\n+00037960: 7465 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b te, Up: Network\n+00037970: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 ing commands..16\n+00037980: 2e34 2e34 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 0a2d .4.4 net_bootp.-\n+00037990: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+000379a0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n+000379b0: 745f 626f 6f74 7020 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 t_bootp [CARD]. \n+000379c0: 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 6e65 Alias for ne\n+000379d0: 745f 6468 6370 2c20 666f 7220 636f 6d70 t_dhcp, for comp\n+000379e0: 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 206f atibility with o\n+000379f0: 6c64 6572 2047 7275 6220 7665 7273 696f lder Grub versio\n+00037a00: 6e73 2e0a 2020 2020 2057 696c 6c20 7065 ns.. Will pe\n+00037a10: 7266 6f72 6d20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2044 rform the same D\n+00037a20: 4843 5020 6861 6e64 7368 616b 6520 7769 HCP handshake wi\n+00037a30: 7468 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c 2066 616c th potential fal\n+00037a40: 6c62 6163 6b20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 424f lback to. BO\n+00037a50: 4f54 5020 6173 2074 6865 206e 6574 5f64 OTP as the net_d\n+00037a60: 6863 7020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f hcp command (*no\n+00037a70: 7465 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a 3a29 2e0a te net_dhcp::)..\n+00037a80: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00037a90: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 fo, Node: net_d\n+00037aa0: 656c 5f61 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 el_addr, Next: \n+00037ab0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 5072 net_del_dns, Pr\n+00037ac0: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702c 2020 ev: net_bootp, \n+00037ad0: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n+00037ae0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 342e 3520 ommands..16.4.5 \n+00037af0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d net_del_addr.---\n+00037b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00037b10: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n+00037b20: 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 7220 494e 5445 et_del_addr INTE\n+00037b30: 5246 4143 450a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 RFACE. Remov\n+00037b40: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2049 4e54 e configured INT\n+00037b50: 4552 4641 4345 2077 6974 6820 6173 736f ERFACE with asso\n+00037b60: 6369 6174 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e0a ciated address..\n+00037b70: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00037b80: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 fo, Node: net_d\n+00037b90: 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e el_dns, Next: n\n+00037ba0: 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2050 et_del_route, P\n+00037bb0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 rev: net_del_add\n+00037bc0: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 r, Up: Networki\n+00037bd0: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e ng commands..16.\n+00037be0: 342e 3620 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 730a 4.6 net_del_dns.\n 00037bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00037c00: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-00037c10: 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2041 4444 5245 et_del_dns ADDRE\n-00037c20: 5353 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2041 SS. Remove A\n-00037c30: 4444 5245 5353 2066 726f 6d20 6c69 7374 DDRESS from list\n-00037c40: 206f 6620 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 of servers used\n-00037c50: 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f during name loo\n-00037c60: 6b75 702e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 kup.....File: gr\n-00037c70: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00037c80: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 net_del_route, \n-00037c90: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 Next: net_dhcp, \n-00037ca0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 Prev: net_del_d\n-00037cb0: 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b ns, Up: Network\n-00037cc0: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3136 ing commands..16\n-00037cd0: 2e34 2e37 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 .4.7 net_del_rou\n-00037ce0: 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d te.-------------\n-00037cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00037d00: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f mand: net_del_ro\n-00037d10: 7574 6520 5348 4f52 544e 414d 450a 2020 ute SHORTNAME. \n-00037d20: 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 726f 7574 6520 Remove route \n-00037d30: 656e 7472 7920 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 entry identified\n-00037d40: 2062 7920 5348 4f52 544e 414d 452e 0a0a by SHORTNAME...\n-00037d50: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00037d60: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 o, Node: net_dh\n-00037d70: 6370 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f67 cp, Next: net_g\n-00037d80: 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 et_dhcp_option, \n-00037d90: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 Prev: net_del_r\n-00037da0: 6f75 7465 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f oute, Up: Netwo\n-00037db0: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n-00037dc0: 3136 2e34 2e38 206e 6574 5f64 6863 700a 16.4.8 net_dhcp.\n-00037dd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00037de0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n-00037df0: 745f 6468 6370 205b 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 t_dhcp [CARD]. \n-00037e00: 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2063 6f6e 6669 Perform confi\n-00037e10: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 4341 5244 guration of CARD\n-00037e20: 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4843 5020 7072 6f74 using DHCP prot\n-00037e30: 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 6172 ocol. If no car\n-00037e40: 6420 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2073 d name. is s\n-00037e50: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7472 7920 746f pecified, try to\n-00037e60: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 6c6c 2065 configure all e\n-00037e70: 7869 7374 696e 6720 6361 7264 732e 2020 xisting cards. \n-00037e80: 4661 6c6c 7320 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 Falls back to. \n-00037e90: 2020 2074 6865 2042 4f4f 5450 2070 726f the BOOTP pro\n-00037ea0: 746f 636f 6c2c 2069 6620 6e65 6564 6564 tocol, if needed\n-00037eb0: 2e20 2049 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 . If configurat\n-00037ec0: 696f 6e20 7761 7320 7375 6363 6573 7366 ion was successf\n-00037ed0: 756c 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6572 6661 ul,. interfa\n-00037ee0: 6365 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 2043 4152 ce with name CAR\n-00037ef0: 4427 3a64 6863 7027 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e D':dhcp' and con\n-00037f00: 6669 6775 7265 6420 6164 6472 6573 7320 figured address \n-00037f10: 6973 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 is added to. \n-00037f20: 2043 4152 442e 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e CARD. Addition\n-00037f30: 616c 6c79 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 ally the followi\n-00037f40: 6e67 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 ng DHCP options \n-00037f50: 6172 6520 7265 636f 676e 697a 6564 2061 are recognized a\n-00037f60: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f63 6573 7365 nd. processe\n-00037f70: 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 3120 2853 7562 d:.. '1 (Sub\n-00037f80: 6e65 7420 4d61 736b 2927 0a20 2020 2020 net Mask)'. \n-00037f90: 2020 2020 2055 7365 6420 746f 2063 616c Used to cal\n-00037fa0: 6375 6c61 7465 206e 6574 776f 726b 206c culate network l\n-00037fb0: 6f63 616c 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 ocal routing ent\n-00037fc0: 7279 2066 6f72 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 ry for interface\n-00037fd0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 4152 4427 . CARD'\n-00037fe0: 3a64 6863 7027 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 3320 :dhcp'.. '3 \n-00037ff0: 2852 6f75 7465 7229 270a 2020 2020 2020 (Router)'. \n-00038000: 2020 2020 4164 6473 2064 6566 6175 6c74 Adds default\n-00038010: 2072 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 2077 6974 route entry wit\n-00038020: 6820 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 2043 4152 4427 h the name CARD'\n-00038030: 3a64 6863 703a 6465 6661 756c 7427 2076 :dhcp:default' v\n-00038040: 6961 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6174 ia. gat\n-00038050: 6577 6179 2066 726f 6d20 4448 4350 206f eway from DHCP o\n-00038060: 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 ption. Note tha\n-00038070: 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 t only option wi\n-00038080: 7468 2073 696e 676c 650a 2020 2020 2020 th single. \n-00038090: 2020 2020 726f 7574 6520 6973 2061 6363 route is acc\n-000380a0: 6570 7465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 2736 2028 epted.. '6 (\n-000380b0: 446f 6d61 696e 204e 616d 6520 5365 7276 Domain Name Serv\n-000380c0: 6572 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 er)'. A\n-000380d0: 6464 7320 616c 6c20 7365 7276 6572 7320 dds all servers \n-000380e0: 6672 6f6d 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7661 6c75 from option valu\n-000380f0: 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 e to the list of\n-00038100: 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 640a 2020 servers used. \n-00038110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 206e during n\n-00038120: 616d 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2e0a ame resolution..\n-00038130: 2020 2020 2027 3132 2028 486f 7374 204e '12 (Host N\n-00038140: 616d 6529 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ame)'. \n-00038150: 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Sets environment\n-00038160: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 276e 6574 5f27 variable 'net_'\n-00038170: 3c43 4152 443e 275f 6468 6370 5f68 6f73 '_dhcp_hos\n-00038180: 746e 616d 6527 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 tname' (*note. \n-00038190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 net__hostname\n-000381b0: 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 ::) to the value\n-000381c0: 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 of option.. \n-000381d0: 2027 3135 2028 446f 6d61 696e 204e 616d '15 (Domain Nam\n-000381e0: 6529 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 e)'. Se\n-000381f0: 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 ts environment v\n-00038200: 6172 6961 626c 6520 276e 6574 5f27 3c43 ariable 'net_''_dhcp_domai\n-00038220: 6e27 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 n' (*note. \n-00038230: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 net__domain::) to\n-00038250: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6f70 the value of op\n-00038260: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 3137 2028 tion.. '17 (\n-00038270: 526f 6f74 2050 6174 6829 270a 2020 2020 Root Path)'. \n-00038280: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 Sets envir\n-00038290: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-000382a0: 276e 6574 5f27 3c43 4152 443e 275f 6468 'net_''_dh\n-000382b0: 6370 5f72 6f6f 7470 6174 6827 2028 2a6e cp_rootpath' (*n\n-000382c0: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ote. ne\n-000382d0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f t__ro\n-000382e0: 6f74 7061 7468 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 otpath::) to the\n-000382f0: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e value of option\n-00038300: 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 3138 2028 4578 7465 .. '18 (Exte\n-00038310: 6e73 696f 6e73 2050 6174 6829 270a 2020 nsions Path)'. \n-00038320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 Sets env\n-00038330: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00038340: 6520 276e 6574 5f27 3c43 4152 443e 275f e 'net_''_\n-00038350: 6468 6370 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 dhcp_extensionsp\n-00038360: 6174 6827 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 ath'. (\n-00038370: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 *note net__extensions\n-00038390: 7061 7468 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 path::) to the v\n-000383a0: 616c 7565 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 alue of. \n-000383b0: 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 option.. '\n-000383c0: 3636 2028 5446 5450 2053 6572 7665 7220 66 (TFTP Server \n-000383d0: 4e61 6d65 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 Name)'. \n-000383e0: 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e Sets environmen\n-000383f0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2027 6e65 745f t variable 'net_\n-00038400: 273c 4341 5244 3e27 5f64 6863 705f 7365 ''_dhcp_se\n-00038410: 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 6527 0a20 2020 2020 rver_name'. \n-00038420: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f (*note net_\n-00038430: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 6370 _dhcp\n-00038440: 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 3a3a 2920 _server_name::) \n-00038450: 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a to the value of.\n-00038460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e option\n-00038470: 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 3637 2028 4669 6c65 .. '67 (File\n-00038480: 6e61 6d65 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 name)'. \n-00038490: 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e Sets environmen\n-000384a0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2027 6e65 745f t variable 'net_\n-000384b0: 273c 4341 5244 3e27 5f62 6f6f 745f 6669 ''_boot_fi\n-000384c0: 6c65 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 le' (*note. \n-000384d0: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 net__boot_file::\n-000384f0: 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f ) to the value o\n-00038500: 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c f option.....Fil\n-00038510: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00038520: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 ode: net_get_dhc\n-00038530: 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a p_option, Next:\n-00038540: 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f net_ipv6_autoco\n-00038550: 6e66 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 nf, Prev: net_d\n-00038560: 6863 702c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 hcp, Up: Networ\n-00038570: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n-00038580: 362e 342e 3920 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6.4.9 net_get_dh\n-00038590: 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cp_option.------\n+00037c00: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00037c10: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2041 4444 net_del_dns ADD\n+00037c20: 5245 5353 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 RESS. Remove\n+00037c30: 2041 4444 5245 5353 2066 726f 6d20 6c69 ADDRESS from li\n+00037c40: 7374 206f 6620 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 st of servers us\n+00037c50: 6564 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 206c ed during name l\n+00037c60: 6f6f 6b75 702e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ookup.....File: \n+00037c70: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00037c80: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c : net_del_route,\n+00037c90: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 Next: net_dhcp\n+00037ca0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c , Prev: net_del\n+00037cb0: 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f _dns, Up: Netwo\n+00037cc0: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n+00037cd0: 3136 2e34 2e37 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 16.4.7 net_del_r\n+00037ce0: 6f75 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oute.-----------\n+00037cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00037d00: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f ommand: net_del_\n+00037d10: 726f 7574 6520 5348 4f52 544e 414d 450a route SHORTNAME.\n+00037d20: 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 726f 7574 Remove rout\n+00037d30: 6520 656e 7472 7920 6964 656e 7469 6669 e entry identifi\n+00037d40: 6564 2062 7920 5348 4f52 544e 414d 452e ed by SHORTNAME.\n+00037d50: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00037d60: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+00037d70: 6468 6370 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 dhcp, Next: net\n+00037d80: 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e _get_dhcp_option\n+00037d90: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c , Prev: net_del\n+00037da0: 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 _route, Up: Net\n+00037db0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n+00037dc0: 0a0a 3136 2e34 2e38 206e 6574 5f64 6863 ..16.4.8 net_dhc\n+00037dd0: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p.--------------\n+00037de0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00037df0: 6e65 745f 6468 6370 205b 4341 5244 5d0a net_dhcp [CARD].\n+00037e00: 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2063 6f6e Perform con\n+00037e10: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 4341 figuration of CA\n+00037e20: 5244 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4843 5020 7072 RD using DHCP pr\n+00037e30: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 otocol. If no c\n+00037e40: 6172 6420 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6973 ard name. is\n+00037e50: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7472 7920 specified, try \n+00037e60: 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 6c6c to configure all\n+00037e70: 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 6361 7264 732e existing cards.\n+00037e80: 2020 4661 6c6c 7320 6261 636b 2074 6f0a Falls back to.\n+00037e90: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2042 4f4f 5450 2070 the BOOTP p\n+00037ea0: 726f 746f 636f 6c2c 2069 6620 6e65 6564 rotocol, if need\n+00037eb0: 6564 2e20 2049 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ed. If configur\n+00037ec0: 6174 696f 6e20 7761 7320 7375 6363 6573 ation was succes\n+00037ed0: 7366 756c 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6572 sful,. inter\n+00037ee0: 6661 6365 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 2043 face with name C\n+00037ef0: 4152 4427 3a64 6863 7027 2061 6e64 2063 ARD':dhcp' and c\n+00037f00: 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 6164 6472 6573 onfigured addres\n+00037f10: 7320 6973 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 s is added to. \n+00037f20: 2020 2043 4152 442e 2020 4164 6469 7469 CARD. Additi\n+00037f30: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f onally the follo\n+00037f40: 7769 6e67 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e wing DHCP option\n+00037f50: 7320 6172 6520 7265 636f 676e 697a 6564 s are recognized\n+00037f60: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f63 6573 and. proces\n+00037f70: 7365 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 2027 3120 2853 sed:.. '1 (S\n+00037f80: 7562 6e65 7420 4d61 736b 2927 0a20 2020 ubnet Mask)'. \n+00037f90: 2020 2020 2020 2055 7365 6420 746f 2063 Used to c\n+00037fa0: 616c 6375 6c61 7465 206e 6574 776f 726b alculate network\n+00037fb0: 206c 6f63 616c 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 local routing e\n+00037fc0: 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 2069 6e74 6572 6661 ntry for interfa\n+00037fd0: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 4152 ce. CAR\n+00037fe0: 4427 3a64 6863 7027 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 D':dhcp'.. '\n+00037ff0: 3320 2852 6f75 7465 7229 270a 2020 2020 3 (Router)'. \n+00038000: 2020 2020 2020 4164 6473 2064 6566 6175 Adds defau\n+00038010: 6c74 2072 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 2077 lt route entry w\n+00038020: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 2043 4152 ith the name CAR\n+00038030: 4427 3a64 6863 703a 6465 6661 756c 7427 D':dhcp:default'\n+00038040: 2076 6961 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 via. g\n+00038050: 6174 6577 6179 2066 726f 6d20 4448 4350 ateway from DHCP\n+00038060: 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 option. Note t\n+00038070: 6861 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 7074 696f 6e20 hat only option \n+00038080: 7769 7468 2073 696e 676c 650a 2020 2020 with single. \n+00038090: 2020 2020 2020 726f 7574 6520 6973 2061 route is a\n+000380a0: 6363 6570 7465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 2736 ccepted.. '6\n+000380b0: 2028 446f 6d61 696e 204e 616d 6520 5365 (Domain Name Se\n+000380c0: 7276 6572 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rver)'. \n+000380d0: 2041 6464 7320 616c 6c20 7365 7276 6572 Adds all server\n+000380e0: 7320 6672 6f6d 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7661 s from option va\n+000380f0: 6c75 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 lue to the list \n+00038100: 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 640a of servers used.\n+00038110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 during\n+00038120: 206e 616d 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e name resolution\n+00038130: 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 3132 2028 486f 7374 .. '12 (Host\n+00038140: 204e 616d 6529 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 Name)'. \n+00038150: 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 Sets environme\n+00038160: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 276e 6574 nt variable 'net\n+00038170: 5f27 3c43 4152 443e 275f 6468 6370 5f68 _''_dhcp_h\n+00038180: 6f73 746e 616d 6527 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a ostname' (*note.\n+00038190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 net__hostna\n+000381b0: 6d65 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c me::) to the val\n+000381c0: 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 ue of option.. \n+000381d0: 2020 2027 3135 2028 446f 6d61 696e 204e '15 (Domain N\n+000381e0: 616d 6529 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ame)'. \n+000381f0: 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Sets environment\n+00038200: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 276e 6574 5f27 variable 'net_'\n+00038210: 3c43 4152 443e 275f 6468 6370 5f64 6f6d '_dhcp_dom\n+00038220: 6169 6e27 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 ain' (*note. \n+00038230: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 net__domain::) \n+00038250: 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 to the value of \n+00038260: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 3137 option.. '17\n+00038270: 2028 526f 6f74 2050 6174 6829 270a 2020 (Root Path)'. \n+00038280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 Sets env\n+00038290: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+000382a0: 6520 276e 6574 5f27 3c43 4152 443e 275f e 'net_''_\n+000382b0: 6468 6370 5f72 6f6f 7470 6174 6827 2028 dhcp_rootpath' (\n+000382c0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 *note. \n+000382d0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+000382e0: 726f 6f74 7061 7468 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 rootpath::) to t\n+000382f0: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 he value of opti\n+00038300: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 3138 2028 4578 on.. '18 (Ex\n+00038310: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2050 6174 6829 270a tensions Path)'.\n+00038320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 Sets e\n+00038330: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00038340: 626c 6520 276e 6574 5f27 3c43 4152 443e ble 'net_'\n+00038350: 275f 6468 6370 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e '_dhcp_extension\n+00038360: 7370 6174 6827 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 spath'. \n+00038370: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 (*note net__extensio\n+00038390: 6e73 7061 7468 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 nspath::) to the\n+000383a0: 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 value of. \n+000383b0: 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 option.. \n+000383c0: 2027 3636 2028 5446 5450 2053 6572 7665 '66 (TFTP Serve\n+000383d0: 7220 4e61 6d65 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2020 r Name)'. \n+000383e0: 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Sets environm\n+000383f0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2027 6e65 ent variable 'ne\n+00038400: 745f 273c 4341 5244 3e27 5f64 6863 705f t_''_dhcp_\n+00038410: 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 6527 0a20 2020 server_name'. \n+00038420: 2020 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 (*note ne\n+00038430: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 t__dh\n+00038440: 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 3a3a cp_server_name::\n+00038450: 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f ) to the value o\n+00038460: 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6f70 7469 f. opti\n+00038470: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 3637 2028 4669 on.. '67 (Fi\n+00038480: 6c65 6e61 6d65 2927 0a20 2020 2020 2020 lename)'. \n+00038490: 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Sets environm\n+000384a0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2027 6e65 ent variable 'ne\n+000384b0: 745f 273c 4341 5244 3e27 5f62 6f6f 745f t_''_boot_\n+000384c0: 6669 6c65 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 file' (*note. \n+000384d0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 net__boot_file\n+000384f0: 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 ::) to the value\n+00038500: 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 of option.....F\n+00038510: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00038520: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 Node: net_get_d\n+00038530: 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 hcp_option, Nex\n+00038540: 743a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f t: net_ipv6_auto\n+00038550: 636f 6e66 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 conf, Prev: net\n+00038560: 5f64 6863 702c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 _dhcp, Up: Netw\n+00038570: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n+00038580: 0a31 362e 342e 3920 6e65 745f 6765 745f .16.4.9 net_get_\n+00038590: 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d dhcp_option.----\n 000385a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000385b0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-000385c0: 643a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f d: net_get_dhcp_\n-000385d0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2056 4152 2049 4e54 4552 option VAR INTER\n-000385e0: 4641 4345 204e 554d 4245 5220 5459 5045 FACE NUMBER TYPE\n-000385f0: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7175 6573 7420 4448 . Request DH\n-00038600: 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e20 4e55 4d42 4552 CP option NUMBER\n-00038610: 206f 6620 5459 5045 2076 6961 2049 4e54 of TYPE via INT\n-00038620: 4552 4641 4345 2e20 2054 5950 4520 6361 ERFACE. TYPE ca\n-00038630: 6e20 6265 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 n be one. of\n-00038640: 2027 7374 7269 6e67 272c 2027 6e75 6d62 'string', 'numb\n-00038650: 6572 2720 6f72 2027 6865 7827 2e20 2049 er' or 'hex'. I\n-00038660: 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 666f 756e f option is foun\n-00038670: 642c 2061 7373 6967 6e20 6974 730a 2020 d, assign its. \n-00038680: 2020 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 7661 7269 value to vari\n-00038690: 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2e20 2056 616c 7565 able VAR. Value\n-000386a0: 7320 6f66 2074 7970 6573 2027 6e75 6d62 s of types 'numb\n-000386b0: 6572 2720 616e 6420 2768 6578 2720 6172 er' and 'hex' ar\n-000386c0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7665 7274 6564 e. converted\n-000386d0: 2074 6f20 7374 7269 6e67 2072 6570 7265 to string repre\n-000386e0: 7365 6e74 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 sentation.....Fi\n-000386f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00038700: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 Node: net_ipv6_a\n-00038710: 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 utoconf, Next: \n-00038720: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5072 net_ls_addr, Pr\n-00038730: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 ev: net_get_dhcp\n-00038740: 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 _option, Up: Ne\n-00038750: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-00038760: 730a 0a31 362e 342e 3130 206e 6574 5f69 s..16.4.10 net_i\n-00038770: 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 0a2d 2d2d pv6_autoconf.---\n+000385b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+000385c0: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 and: net_get_dhc\n+000385d0: 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2056 4152 2049 4e54 p_option VAR INT\n+000385e0: 4552 4641 4345 204e 554d 4245 5220 5459 ERFACE NUMBER TY\n+000385f0: 5045 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7175 6573 7420 PE. Request \n+00038600: 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e20 4e55 4d42 DHCP option NUMB\n+00038610: 4552 206f 6620 5459 5045 2076 6961 2049 ER of TYPE via I\n+00038620: 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2e20 2054 5950 4520 NTERFACE. TYPE \n+00038630: 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 can be one. \n+00038640: 6f66 2027 7374 7269 6e67 272c 2027 6e75 of 'string', 'nu\n+00038650: 6d62 6572 2720 6f72 2027 6865 7827 2e20 mber' or 'hex'. \n+00038660: 2049 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 666f If option is fo\n+00038670: 756e 642c 2061 7373 6967 6e20 6974 730a und, assign its.\n+00038680: 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 7661 value to va\n+00038690: 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2e20 2056 616c riable VAR. Val\n+000386a0: 7565 7320 6f66 2074 7970 6573 2027 6e75 ues of types 'nu\n+000386b0: 6d62 6572 2720 616e 6420 2768 6578 2720 mber' and 'hex' \n+000386c0: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7665 7274 are. convert\n+000386d0: 6564 2074 6f20 7374 7269 6e67 2072 6570 ed to string rep\n+000386e0: 7265 7365 6e74 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a resentation.....\n+000386f0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00038700: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 Node: net_ipv6\n+00038710: 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 4e65 7874 _autoconf, Next\n+00038720: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 : net_ls_addr, \n+00038730: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 Prev: net_get_dh\n+00038740: 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 cp_option, Up: \n+00038750: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+00038760: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 342e 3130 206e 6574 nds..16.4.10 net\n+00038770: 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 0a2d _ipv6_autoconf.-\n 00038780: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00038790: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-000387a0: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 and: net_ipv6_au\n-000387b0: 746f 636f 6e66 205b 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 toconf [CARD]. \n-000387c0: 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2049 5076 3620 Perform IPv6 \n-000387d0: 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f autoconfiguratio\n-000387e0: 6e20 6279 2061 6464 696e 6720 746f 2074 n by adding to t\n-000387f0: 6865 2043 4152 4420 696e 7465 7266 6163 he CARD interfac\n-00038800: 6520 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 6d65 e with. name\n-00038810: 2043 4152 4427 3a6c 696e 6b27 2061 6e64 CARD':link' and\n-00038820: 206c 696e 6b20 6c6f 6361 6c20 4d41 432d link local MAC-\n-00038830: 6261 7365 6420 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 based address. \n-00038840: 4966 206e 6f20 6361 7264 2069 730a 2020 If no card is. \n-00038850: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7065 specified, pe\n-00038860: 7266 6f72 6d20 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 rform autoconfig\n-00038870: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 616c 6c20 uration for all \n-00038880: 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6172 6473 2e0a existing cards..\n-00038890: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000388a0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c fo, Node: net_l\n-000388b0: 735f 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e s_addr, Next: n\n-000388c0: 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732c 2020 5072 et_ls_cards, Pr\n-000388d0: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 ev: net_ipv6_aut\n-000388e0: 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 oconf, Up: Netw\n-000388f0: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n-00038900: 0a31 362e 342e 3131 206e 6574 5f6c 735f .16.4.11 net_ls_\n-00038910: 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d addr.-----------\n-00038920: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00038930: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 mmand: net_ls_ad\n-00038940: 6472 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c dr. List all\n-00038950: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 696e 7465 configured inte\n-00038960: 7266 6163 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 6569 rfaces with thei\n-00038970: 7220 4d41 4320 616e 6420 4950 2061 6464 r MAC and IP add\n-00038980: 7265 7373 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a resses.....File:\n-00038990: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000389a0: 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732c e: net_ls_cards,\n-000389b0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 Next: net_ls_d\n-000389c0: 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6c ns, Prev: net_l\n-000389d0: 735f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 s_addr, Up: Net\n-000389e0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n-000389f0: 0a0a 3136 2e34 2e31 3220 6e65 745f 6c73 ..16.4.12 net_ls\n-00038a00: 5f63 6172 6473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _cards.---------\n-00038a10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00038a20: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 Command: net_ls\n-00038a30: 5f63 6172 6473 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 _cards. List\n-00038a40: 2061 6c6c 2064 6574 6563 7465 6420 6e65 all detected ne\n-00038a50: 7477 6f72 6b20 6361 7264 7320 7769 7468 twork cards with\n-00038a60: 2074 6865 6972 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 their MAC addre\n-00038a70: 7373 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ss.....File: gru\n-00038a80: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-00038a90: 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 et_ls_dns, Next\n-00038aa0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732c : net_ls_routes,\n-00038ab0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 Prev: net_ls_c\n-00038ac0: 6172 6473 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f ards, Up: Netwo\n-00038ad0: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n-00038ae0: 3136 2e34 2e31 3320 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 16.4.13 net_ls_d\n-00038af0: 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ns.-------------\n-00038b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00038b10: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 0a20 nd: net_ls_dns. \n-00038b20: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6464 7265 7373 List address\n-00038b30: 6573 206f 6620 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 es of DNS server\n-00038b40: 7320 7573 6564 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 s used during na\n-00038b50: 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 me lookup.....Fi\n-00038b60: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00038b70: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 Node: net_ls_rou\n-00038b80: 7465 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f tes, Next: net_\n-00038b90: 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 2050 7265 763a nslookup, Prev:\n-00038ba0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 5570 net_ls_dns, Up\n-00038bb0: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n-00038bc0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 342e 3134 206e mands..16.4.14 n\n-00038bd0: 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 0a2d 2d2d et_ls_routes.---\n+00038790: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+000387a0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f mmand: net_ipv6_\n+000387b0: 6175 746f 636f 6e66 205b 4341 5244 5d0a autoconf [CARD].\n+000387c0: 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2049 5076 Perform IPv\n+000387d0: 3620 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 6 autoconfigurat\n+000387e0: 696f 6e20 6279 2061 6464 696e 6720 746f ion by adding to\n+000387f0: 2074 6865 2043 4152 4420 696e 7465 7266 the CARD interf\n+00038800: 6163 6520 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 ace with. na\n+00038810: 6d65 2043 4152 4427 3a6c 696e 6b27 2061 me CARD':link' a\n+00038820: 6e64 206c 696e 6b20 6c6f 6361 6c20 4d41 nd link local MA\n+00038830: 432d 6261 7365 6420 6164 6472 6573 732e C-based address.\n+00038840: 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6361 7264 2069 730a If no card is.\n+00038850: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 specified, \n+00038860: 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 6175 746f 636f 6e66 perform autoconf\n+00038870: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 616c iguration for al\n+00038880: 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6172 6473 l existing cards\n+00038890: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000388a0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+000388b0: 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 743a _ls_addr, Next:\n+000388c0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732c 2020 net_ls_cards, \n+000388d0: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 Prev: net_ipv6_a\n+000388e0: 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 utoconf, Up: Ne\n+000388f0: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n+00038900: 730a 0a31 362e 342e 3131 206e 6574 5f6c s..16.4.11 net_l\n+00038910: 735f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s_addr.---------\n+00038920: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00038930: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f Command: net_ls_\n+00038940: 6164 6472 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 addr. List a\n+00038950: 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 696e ll configured in\n+00038960: 7465 7266 6163 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 terfaces with th\n+00038970: 6569 7220 4d41 4320 616e 6420 4950 2061 eir MAC and IP a\n+00038980: 6464 7265 7373 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ddresses.....Fil\n+00038990: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000389a0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 ode: net_ls_card\n+000389b0: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 s, Next: net_ls\n+000389c0: 5f64 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 _dns, Prev: net\n+000389d0: 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 703a 204e _ls_addr, Up: N\n+000389e0: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n+000389f0: 6473 0a0a 3136 2e34 2e31 3220 6e65 745f ds..16.4.12 net_\n+00038a00: 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ls_cards.-------\n+00038a10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00038a20: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n+00038a30: 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 ls_cards. Li\n+00038a40: 7374 2061 6c6c 2064 6574 6563 7465 6420 st all detected \n+00038a50: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6361 7264 7320 7769 network cards wi\n+00038a60: 7468 2074 6865 6972 204d 4143 2061 6464 th their MAC add\n+00038a70: 7265 7373 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ress.....File: g\n+00038a80: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00038a90: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 4e65 net_ls_dns, Ne\n+00038aa0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 xt: net_ls_route\n+00038ab0: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 s, Prev: net_ls\n+00038ac0: 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 _cards, Up: Net\n+00038ad0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n+00038ae0: 0a0a 3136 2e34 2e31 3320 6e65 745f 6c73 ..16.4.13 net_ls\n+00038af0: 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _dns.-----------\n+00038b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00038b10: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 mand: net_ls_dns\n+00038b20: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6464 7265 . List addre\n+00038b30: 7373 6573 206f 6620 444e 5320 7365 7276 sses of DNS serv\n+00038b40: 6572 7320 7573 6564 2064 7572 696e 6720 ers used during \n+00038b50: 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 0a0a 1f0a name lookup.....\n+00038b60: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00038b70: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 Node: net_ls_r\n+00038b80: 6f75 7465 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 outes, Next: ne\n+00038b90: 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 2050 7265 t_nslookup, Pre\n+00038ba0: 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 v: net_ls_dns, \n+00038bb0: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n+00038bc0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 342e 3134 ommands..16.4.14\n+00038bd0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 0a2d net_ls_routes.-\n 00038be0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00038bf0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00038c00: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 0a20 net_ls_routes. \n-00038c10: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 List routing\n-00038c20: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c entries.....Fil\n-00038c30: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00038c40: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 ode: net_nslooku\n-00038c50: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 p, Prev: net_ls\n-00038c60: 5f72 6f75 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 _routes, Up: Ne\n-00038c70: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-00038c80: 730a 0a31 362e 342e 3135 206e 6574 5f6e s..16.4.15 net_n\n-00038c90: 736c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d slookup.--------\n-00038ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00038cb0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6e - Command: net_n\n-00038cc0: 736c 6f6f 6b75 7020 4e41 4d45 205b 5345 slookup NAME [SE\n-00038cd0: 5256 4552 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 6f6c RVER]. Resol\n-00038ce0: 7665 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 4e41 ve address of NA\n-00038cf0: 4d45 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 2073 6572 ME using DNS ser\n-00038d00: 7665 7220 5345 5256 4552 2e20 2049 6620 ver SERVER. If \n-00038d10: 6e6f 2073 6572 7665 7220 6973 0a20 2020 no server is. \n-00038d20: 2020 6769 7665 6e2c 2075 7365 2064 6566 given, use def\n-00038d30: 6175 6c74 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 ault list of ser\n-00038d40: 7665 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 vers.....File: g\n-00038d50: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00038d60: 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 Internationalis\n-00038d70: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5365 ation, Next: Se\n-00038d80: 6375 7269 7479 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 curity, Prev: C\n-00038d90: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f ommands, Up: To\n-00038da0: 700a 0a31 3720 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f p..17 Internatio\n-00038db0: 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a nalisation.*****\n+00038bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00038c00: 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 d: net_ls_routes\n+00038c10: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2072 6f75 7469 . List routi\n+00038c20: 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ng entries.....F\n+00038c30: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00038c40: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f Node: net_nsloo\n+00038c50: 6b75 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f kup, Prev: net_\n+00038c60: 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 ls_routes, Up: \n+00038c70: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+00038c80: 6e64 730a 0a31 362e 342e 3135 206e 6574 nds..16.4.15 net\n+00038c90: 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _nslookup.------\n+00038ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00038cb0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n+00038cc0: 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 7020 4e41 4d45 205b _nslookup NAME [\n+00038cd0: 5345 5256 4552 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 SERVER]. Res\n+00038ce0: 6f6c 7665 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 olve address of \n+00038cf0: 4e41 4d45 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 2073 NAME using DNS s\n+00038d00: 6572 7665 7220 5345 5256 4552 2e20 2049 erver SERVER. I\n+00038d10: 6620 6e6f 2073 6572 7665 7220 6973 0a20 f no server is. \n+00038d20: 2020 2020 6769 7665 6e2c 2075 7365 2064 given, use d\n+00038d30: 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 efault list of s\n+00038d40: 6572 7665 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ervers.....File:\n+00038d50: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00038d60: 653a 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c e: International\n+00038d70: 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 isation, Next: \n+00038d80: 5365 6375 7269 7479 2c20 2050 7265 763a Security, Prev:\n+00038d90: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 Commands, Up: \n+00038da0: 546f 700a 0a31 3720 496e 7465 726e 6174 Top..17 Internat\n+00038db0: 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2a2a ionalisation.***\n 00038dc0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00038dd0: 2a2a 0a0a 3137 2e31 2043 6861 7273 6574 **..17.1 Charset\n-00038de0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 .============..G\n-00038df0: 5255 4220 7573 6573 2055 5446 2d38 2069 RUB uses UTF-8 i\n-00038e00: 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 6f74 6865 7220 nternally other \n-00038e10: 7468 616e 2069 6e20 7265 6e64 6572 696e than in renderin\n-00038e20: 6720 7768 6572 6520 736f 6d65 0a47 5255 g where some.GRU\n-00038e30: 422d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2061 7070 726f B-specific appro\n-00038e40: 7072 6961 7465 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 priate represent\n-00038e50: 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642e 2020 ation is used. \n-00038e60: 416c 6c20 7465 7874 2066 696c 6573 0a28 All text files.(\n-00038e70: 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 including config\n-00038e80: 2920 6172 6520 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f ) are assumed to\n-00038e90: 2062 6520 656e 636f 6465 6420 696e 2055 be encoded in U\n-00038ea0: 5446 2d38 2e0a 0a31 372e 3220 4669 6c65 TF-8...17.2 File\n-00038eb0: 7379 7374 656d 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d systems.========\n-00038ec0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4e54 4653 2c20 ========..NTFS, \n-00038ed0: 4a46 532c 2055 4446 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 JFS, UDF, HFS+, \n-00038ee0: 6578 4641 542c 206c 6f6e 6720 6669 6c65 exFAT, long file\n-00038ef0: 6e61 6d65 7320 696e 2046 4154 2c20 4a6f names in FAT, Jo\n-00038f00: 6c69 6574 2070 6172 7420 6f66 0a49 534f liet part of.ISO\n-00038f10: 3936 3630 2061 7265 2074 7265 6174 6564 9660 are treated\n-00038f20: 2061 7320 5554 462d 3136 2061 7320 7065 as UTF-16 as pe\n-00038f30: 7220 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e2e r specification.\n-00038f40: 2020 4146 5320 616e 6420 4246 5320 6172 AFS and BFS ar\n-00038f50: 650a 7265 6164 2061 7320 5554 462d 382c e.read as UTF-8,\n-00038f60: 2061 6761 696e 2061 6363 6f72 6469 6e67 again according\n-00038f70: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f to specificatio\n-00038f80: 6e2e 2020 4274 7246 532c 2063 7069 6f2c n. BtrFS, cpio,\n-00038f90: 2074 6172 2c0a 7371 7561 7368 342c 206d tar,.squash4, m\n-00038fa0: 696e 6978 2c20 6d69 6e69 7832 2c20 6d69 inix, minix2, mi\n-00038fb0: 6e69 7833 2c20 524f 4d46 532c 2052 6569 nix3, ROMFS, Rei\n-00038fc0: 7365 7246 532c 2058 4653 2c20 6578 7432 serFS, XFS, ext2\n-00038fd0: 2c20 6578 7433 2c20 6578 7434 2c0a 4641 , ext3, ext4,.FA\n-00038fe0: 5420 2873 686f 7274 206e 616d 6573 292c T (short names),\n-00038ff0: 2046 3246 532c 2052 6f63 6b52 6964 6765 F2FS, RockRidge\n-00039000: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2049 534f 3936 3630 part of ISO9660\n-00039010: 2c20 6e69 6c66 7332 2c20 5546 5331 2c20 , nilfs2, UFS1, \n-00039020: 5546 5332 0a61 6e64 205a 4653 2061 7265 UFS2.and ZFS are\n-00039030: 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2055 assumed to be U\n-00039040: 5446 2d38 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d69 6768 TF-8. This migh\n-00039050: 7420 6265 2066 616c 7365 206f 6e20 7379 t be false on sy\n-00039060: 7374 656d 730a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 stems.configured\n-00039070: 2077 6974 6820 6c65 6761 6379 2063 6861 with legacy cha\n-00039080: 7273 6574 2062 7574 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 rset but as long\n-00039090: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6368 6172 7365 7420 as the charset \n-000390a0: 7573 6564 2069 730a 7375 7065 7273 6574 used is.superset\n-000390b0: 206f 6620 4153 4349 4920 796f 7520 7368 of ASCII you sh\n-000390c0: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 ould be able to \n-000390d0: 6163 6365 7373 2041 5343 4949 2d6e 616d access ASCII-nam\n-000390e0: 6564 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2041 6e64 0a69 ed files. And.i\n-000390f0: 7427 7320 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 t's recommended \n-00039100: 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2079 6f75 to configure you\n-00039110: 7220 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 7573 6520 r system to use \n-00039120: 5554 462d 3820 746f 2061 6363 6573 7320 UTF-8 to access \n-00039130: 7468 650a 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 the.filesystem, \n-00039140: 636f 6e76 6d76 206d 6179 2068 656c 7020 convmv may help \n-00039150: 7769 7468 206d 6967 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 with migration. \n-00039160: 2049 534f 3936 3630 2028 706c 6169 6e29 ISO9660 (plain)\n-00039170: 2066 696c 656e 616d 6573 0a61 7265 2073 filenames.are s\n-00039180: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 6265 696e pecified as bein\n-00039190: 6720 4153 4349 4920 6f72 2062 6569 6e67 g ASCII or being\n-000391a0: 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2077 6974 6820 described with \n-000391b0: 756e 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6573 6361 unspecified esca\n-000391c0: 7065 0a73 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2e20 2047 pe.sequences. G\n-000391d0: 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 7320 7468 6174 RUB assumes that\n-000391e0: 2074 6865 2049 534f 3936 3630 206e 616d the ISO9660 nam\n-000391f0: 6573 2061 7265 2055 5446 2d38 2028 7369 es are UTF-8 (si\n-00039200: 6e63 6520 616e 790a 4153 4349 4920 6973 nce any.ASCII is\n-00039210: 2076 616c 6964 2055 5446 2d38 292e 2020 valid UTF-8). \n-00039220: 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 736f 6d65 206f There are some o\n-00039230: 6c64 2043 442d 524f 4d73 2077 6869 6368 ld CD-ROMs which\n-00039240: 2075 7365 2043 5034 3337 2069 6e0a 6e6f use CP437 in.no\n-00039250: 6e2d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 7761 792e n-compliant way.\n-00039260: 2020 596f 7527 7265 2073 7469 6c6c 2061 You're still a\n-00039270: 626c 6520 746f 2061 6363 6573 7320 6669 ble to access fi\n-00039280: 6c65 7320 7769 7468 206e 616d 6573 0a63 les with names.c\n-00039290: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 2041 ontaining only A\n-000392a0: 5343 4949 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 SCII characters \n-000392b0: 6f6e 2073 7563 6820 6669 6c65 7379 7374 on such filesyst\n-000392c0: 656d 7320 7468 6f75 6768 2e20 2059 6f75 ems though. You\n-000392d0: 2772 650a 616c 736f 2061 626c 6520 746f 're.also able to\n-000392e0: 2061 6363 6573 7320 616e 7920 6669 6c65 access any file\n-000392f0: 2069 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 if the filesyst\n-00039300: 656d 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7661 6c69 em contains vali\n-00039310: 6420 4a6f 6c69 6574 0a28 5554 462d 3136 d Joliet.(UTF-16\n-00039320: 2920 6f72 2052 6f63 6b52 6964 6765 2028 ) or RockRidge (\n-00039330: 5554 462d 3829 2e20 2041 4646 532c 2053 UTF-8). AFFS, S\n-00039340: 4653 2061 6e64 2048 4653 206e 6576 6572 FS and HFS never\n-00039350: 2075 7365 2075 6e69 636f 6465 2061 6e64 use unicode and\n-00039360: 0a47 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 7320 7468 .GRUB assumes th\n-00039370: 656d 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e20 4c61 7469 em to be in Lati\n-00039380: 6e31 2c20 4c61 7469 6e31 2061 6e64 204d n1, Latin1 and M\n-00039390: 6163 526f 6d61 6e20 7265 7370 6563 7469 acRoman respecti\n-000393a0: 7665 6c79 2e0a 4752 5542 2068 616e 646c vely..GRUB handl\n-000393b0: 6573 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6361 es filesystem ca\n-000393c0: 7365 2d69 6e73 656e 7369 7469 7669 7479 se-insensitivity\n-000393d0: 2068 6f77 6576 6572 206e 6f20 6174 7465 however no atte\n-000393e0: 6d70 7420 6973 0a70 6572 666f 726d 6564 mpt is.performed\n-000393f0: 2061 7420 6361 7365 2063 6f6e 7665 7273 at case convers\n-00039400: 696f 6e20 6f66 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 ion of internati\n-00039410: 6f6e 616c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 onal characters \n-00039420: 736f 2065 2e67 2e20 2061 2066 696c 650a so e.g. a file.\n-00039430: 6e61 6d65 6420 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 6520 named lowercase \n-00039440: 6772 6565 6b20 616c 7068 6120 6973 2074 greek alpha is t\n-00039450: 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 6469 6666 6572 reated as differ\n-00039460: 656e 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206f 6e65 ent from the one\n-00039470: 206e 616d 6564 0a61 7320 7570 7065 7263 named.as upperc\n-00039480: 6173 6520 616c 7068 612e 2020 5468 6520 ase alpha. The \n-00039490: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 696e 2071 filesystems in q\n-000394a0: 7565 7374 696f 6e73 2061 7265 204e 5446 uestions are NTF\n-000394b0: 5320 2865 7863 6570 7420 504f 5349 580a S (except POSIX.\n-000394c0: 6e61 6d65 7370 6163 6529 2c20 4846 532b namespace), HFS+\n-000394d0: 2028 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2061 (configurable a\n-000394e0: 7420 6d6b 6673 2074 696d 652c 2064 6566 t mkfs time, def\n-000394f0: 6175 6c74 2069 6e73 656e 7369 7469 7665 ault insensitive\n-00039500: 292c 2053 4653 0a28 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ), SFS.(configur\n-00039510: 6162 6c65 2061 7420 6d6b 6673 2074 696d able at mkfs tim\n-00039520: 652c 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e73 656e e, default insen\n-00039530: 7369 7469 7665 292c 204a 4653 2028 636f sitive), JFS (co\n-00039540: 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2061 740a 6d6b nfigurable at.mk\n-00039550: 6673 2074 696d 652c 2064 6566 6175 6c74 fs time, default\n-00039560: 2073 656e 7369 7469 7665 292c 2048 4653 sensitive), HFS\n-00039570: 2c20 4146 4653 2c20 4641 542c 2065 7846 , AFFS, FAT, exF\n-00039580: 4154 2061 6e64 205a 4653 0a28 636f 6e66 AT and ZFS.(conf\n-00039590: 6967 7572 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7065 722d igurable on per-\n-000395a0: 7375 6276 6f6c 756d 6520 6261 7369 7320 subvolume basis \n-000395b0: 6279 2070 726f 7065 7274 7920 2263 6173 by property \"cas\n-000395c0: 6573 656e 7369 7469 7669 7479 222c 0a64 esensitivity\",.d\n-000395d0: 6566 6175 6c74 2073 656e 7369 7469 7665 efault sensitive\n-000395e0: 292e 2020 4f6e 205a 4653 2073 7562 766f ). On ZFS subvo\n-000395f0: 6c75 6d65 7320 6d61 726b 6564 2061 7320 lumes marked as \n-00039600: 6361 7365 2069 6e73 656e 7369 7469 7665 case insensitive\n-00039610: 2066 696c 6573 0a63 6f6e 7461 696e 696e files.containin\n-00039620: 6720 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 6520 696e 7465 g lowercase inte\n-00039630: 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c20 6368 6172 6163 rnational charac\n-00039640: 7465 7273 2061 7265 2069 6e61 6363 6573 ters are inacces\n-00039650: 7369 626c 652e 2020 416c 736f 0a6c 696b sible. 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Sin\n-0003a4a0: 6365 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 616c 6961 ce IEEE1275 alia\n-0003a4b0: 7365 7320 616e 640a 4f53 4275 6e64 6c65 ses and.OSBundle\n-0003a4c0: 5265 7175 6972 6564 2064 6f6e 2774 2063 Required don't c\n-0003a4d0: 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 6e79 206e 6f6e 2d41 ontain any non-A\n-0003a4e0: 5343 4949 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206e SCII it should n\n-0003a4f0: 6576 6572 2062 6520 610a 7072 6f62 6c65 ever be a.proble\n-0003a500: 6d20 696e 2070 7261 6374 6963 652e 2020 m in practice. \n-0003a510: 4361 7365 2d73 656e 7369 7469 7665 2069 Case-sensitive i\n-0003a520: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2061 7265 206d dentifiers are m\n-0003a530: 6174 6368 6564 2061 7320 7261 770a 7374 atched as raw.st\n-0003a540: 7269 6e67 732c 206e 6f20 6361 6e6f 6e69 rings, no canoni\n-0003a550: 6361 6c20 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e63 6520 cal equivalence \n-0003a560: 6368 6563 6b20 6973 2070 6572 666f 726d check is perform\n-0003a570: 6564 2e20 2043 6173 652d 696e 7365 6e73 ed. Case-insens\n-0003a580: 7469 7665 0a69 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 tive.identifiers\n-0003a590: 2061 7265 206d 6174 6368 6564 2061 7320 are matched as \n-0003a5a0: 5241 5720 6275 7420 6164 6469 7469 6f6e RAW but addition\n-0003a5b0: 616c 6c79 205b 612d 7a5d 2069 7320 6571 ally [a-z] is eq\n-0003a5c0: 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 6f0a 5b41 2d5a uivalent to.[A-Z\n-0003a5d0: 5d2e 2047 5255 422d 6465 6669 6e65 6420 ]. GRUB-defined \n-0003a5e0: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 7573 6520 identifiers use \n-0003a5f0: 6f6e 6c79 2041 5343 4949 2061 6e64 2073 only ASCII and s\n-0003a600: 6f20 7368 6f75 6c64 0a75 7365 722d 6465 o should.user-de\n-0003a610: 6669 6e65 6420 6f6e 6573 2e20 2049 6465 fined ones. Ide\n-0003a620: 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2063 6f6e 7461 696e ntifiers contain\n-0003a630: 696e 6720 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 6d61 ing non-ASCII ma\n-0003a640: 7920 776f 726b 2062 7574 2061 7265 6e27 y work but aren'\n-0003a650: 740a 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 2020 4f6e t.supported. On\n-0003a660: 6c79 2074 6865 2041 5343 4949 2073 7061 ly the ASCII spa\n-0003a670: 6365 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 2873 ce characters (s\n-0003a680: 7061 6365 2055 2b30 3032 302c 2074 6162 pace U+0020, tab\n-0003a690: 2055 2b30 3030 622c 0a43 5220 552b 3030 U+000b,.CR U+00\n-0003a6a0: 3064 2061 6e64 204c 4620 552b 3030 3061 0d and LF U+000a\n-0003a6b0: 2920 6172 6520 7265 636f 676e 6973 6564 ) are recognised\n-0003a6c0: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 2075 6e69 636f 6465 . Other unicode\n-0003a6d0: 2073 7061 6365 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 space character\n-0003a6e0: 730a 6172 656e 2774 2061 2076 616c 6964 s.aren't a valid\n-0003a6f0: 2066 6965 6c64 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 field separator\n-0003a700: 2e20 2027 7465 7374 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 . 'test' (*note\n-0003a710: 2074 6573 743a 3a29 2074 6573 7473 203c test::) tests <\n-0003a720: 2c20 3e2c 203c 3d2c 0a3e 3d2c 202d 7067 , >, <=,.>=, -pg\n-0003a730: 7420 616e 6420 2d70 6c74 2063 6f6d 7061 t and -plt compa\n-0003a740: 7265 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 2069 re the strings i\n-0003a750: 6e20 7468 6520 6c65 7869 636f 6772 6170 n the lexicograp\n-0003a760: 6869 6361 6c20 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 0a75 hical order of.u\n-0003a770: 6e69 636f 6465 2063 6f64 6570 6f69 6e74 nicode codepoint\n-0003a780: 732c 2072 6570 6c69 6361 7469 6e67 2074 s, replicating t\n-0003a790: 6865 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6620 he behaviour of \n-0003a7a0: 7465 7374 2066 726f 6d20 636f 7265 7574 test from coreut\n-0003a7b0: 696c 732e 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 ils..environment\n-0003a7c0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 6e64 2063 variables and c\n-0003a7d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 6c69 7374 ommands are list\n-0003a7e0: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 206f ed in the same o\n-0003a7f0: 7264 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rder.....File: g\n-0003a800: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003a810: 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 4e65 7874 Security, Next\n-0003a820: 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 : Platform limit\n-0003a830: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 ations, Prev: I\n-0003a840: 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 nternationalisat\n-0003a850: 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 ion, Up: Top..1\n-0003a860: 3820 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 8 Security.*****\n-0003a870: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a ******..* Menu:.\n-0003a880: 0a2a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f .* Authenticatio\n-0003a890: 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 n and authorisat\n-0003a8a0: 696f 6e3a 3a20 5573 6572 7320 616e 6420 ion:: Users and \n-0003a8b0: 6163 6365 7373 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a2a access control.*\n-0003a8c0: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n-0003a8d0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a20 2020 2020 ignatures:: \n-0003a8e0: 2020 2020 426f 6f74 696e 6720 6469 6769 Booting digi\n-0003a8f0: 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 2063 6f64 tally signed cod\n-0003a900: 650a 2a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 e.* UEFI secure \n-0003a910: 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d3a 3a20 boot and shim:: \n-0003a920: 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 Booting d\n-0003a930: 6967 6974 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 igitally signed \n-0003a940: 5045 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2053 6563 7572 PE files.* Secur\n-0003a950: 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 e Boot Advanced \n-0003a960: 5461 7267 6574 696e 673a 3a20 2020 456d Targeting:: Em\n-0003a970: 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 bedded informati\n-0003a980: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f on for generatio\n-0003a990: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2062 6173 6564 2072 n number based r\n-0003a9a0: 6576 6f63 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 4d65 6173 evocation.* Meas\n-0003a9b0: 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 2020 ured Boot:: \n-0003a9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d M\n-0003a9d0: 6561 7375 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 636f easuring boot co\n-0003a9e0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a2a 204c 6f63 6b64 mponents.* Lockd\n-0003a9f0: 6f77 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 own:: \n-0003aa00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f Lo\n-0003aa10: 636b 646f 776e 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 ckdown when boot\n-0003aa20: 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 ing on a secure \n-0003aa30: 7365 7475 700a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 setup....File: g\n-0003aa40: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003aa50: 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 Authentication \n-0003aa60: 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f and authorisatio\n-0003aa70: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5573 696e 6720 n, Next: Using \n-0003aa80: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n-0003aa90: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 es, Up: Securit\n-0003aaa0: 790a 0a31 382e 3120 4175 7468 656e 7469 y..18.1 Authenti\n-0003aab0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f cation and autho\n-0003aac0: 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 4752 5542 risation in GRUB\n-0003aad0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00038dd0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 3137 2e31 2043 6861 7273 ****..17.1 Chars\n+00038de0: 6574 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a et.============.\n+00038df0: 0a47 5255 4220 7573 6573 2055 5446 2d38 .GRUB uses UTF-8\n+00038e00: 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 6f74 6865 internally othe\n+00038e10: 7220 7468 616e 2069 6e20 7265 6e64 6572 r than in render\n+00038e20: 696e 6720 7768 6572 6520 736f 6d65 0a47 ing where some.G\n+00038e30: 5255 422d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2061 7070 RUB-specific app\n+00038e40: 726f 7072 6961 7465 2072 6570 7265 7365 ropriate represe\n+00038e50: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642e ntation is used.\n+00038e60: 2020 416c 6c20 7465 7874 2066 696c 6573 All text files\n+00038e70: 0a28 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 636f 6e66 .(including conf\n+00038e80: 6967 2920 6172 6520 6173 7375 6d65 6420 ig) are assumed 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You're still\n+00039270: 2061 626c 6520 746f 2061 6363 6573 7320 able to access \n+00039280: 6669 6c65 7320 7769 7468 206e 616d 6573 files with names\n+00039290: 0a63 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 .containing only\n+000392a0: 2041 5343 4949 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 ASCII character\n+000392b0: 7320 6f6e 2073 7563 6820 6669 6c65 7379 s on such filesy\n+000392c0: 7374 656d 7320 7468 6f75 6768 2e20 2059 stems though. Y\n+000392d0: 6f75 2772 650a 616c 736f 2061 626c 6520 ou're.also able \n+000392e0: 746f 2061 6363 6573 7320 616e 7920 6669 to access any fi\n+000392f0: 6c65 2069 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 le if the filesy\n+00039300: 7374 656d 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7661 stem contains va\n+00039310: 6c69 6420 4a6f 6c69 6574 0a28 5554 462d lid Joliet.(UTF-\n+00039320: 3136 2920 6f72 2052 6f63 6b52 6964 6765 16) or RockRidge\n+00039330: 2028 5554 462d 3829 2e20 2041 4646 532c (UTF-8). AFFS,\n+00039340: 2053 4653 2061 6e64 2048 4653 206e 6576 SFS and HFS nev\n+00039350: 6572 2075 7365 2075 6e69 636f 6465 2061 er use unicode a\n+00039360: 6e64 0a47 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 7320 nd.GRUB assumes \n+00039370: 7468 656d 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e20 4c61 them to be in La\n+00039380: 7469 6e31 2c20 4c61 7469 6e31 2061 6e64 tin1, Latin1 and\n+00039390: 204d 6163 526f 6d61 6e20 7265 7370 6563 MacRoman respec\n+000393a0: 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 4752 5542 2068 616e tively..GRUB han\n+000393b0: 646c 6573 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 dles filesystem \n+000393c0: 6361 7365 2d69 6e73 656e 7369 7469 7669 case-insensitivi\n+000393d0: 7479 2068 6f77 6576 6572 206e 6f20 6174 ty however no at\n+000393e0: 7465 6d70 7420 6973 0a70 6572 666f 726d tempt is.perform\n+000393f0: 6564 2061 7420 6361 7365 2063 6f6e 7665 ed at case conve\n+00039400: 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 rsion of interna\n+00039410: 7469 6f6e 616c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 tional character\n+00039420: 7320 736f 2065 2e67 2e20 2061 2066 696c s so e.g. a fil\n+00039430: 650a 6e61 6d65 6420 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 e.named lowercas\n+00039440: 6520 6772 6565 6b20 616c 7068 6120 6973 e greek alpha is\n+00039450: 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 6469 6666 treated as diff\n+00039460: 6572 656e 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206f erent from the o\n+00039470: 6e65 206e 616d 6564 0a61 7320 7570 7065 ne named.as uppe\n+00039480: 7263 6173 6520 616c 7068 612e 2020 5468 rcase alpha. Th\n+00039490: 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 696e e filesystems in\n+000394a0: 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e73 2061 7265 204e questions are N\n+000394b0: 5446 5320 2865 7863 6570 7420 504f 5349 TFS (except POSI\n+000394c0: 580a 6e61 6d65 7370 6163 6529 2c20 4846 X.namespace), HF\n+000394d0: 532b 2028 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 S+ (configurable\n+000394e0: 2061 7420 6d6b 6673 2074 696d 652c 2064 at mkfs time, d\n+000394f0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e73 656e 7369 7469 efault insensiti\n+00039500: 7665 292c 2053 4653 0a28 636f 6e66 6967 ve), SFS.(config\n+00039510: 7572 6162 6c65 2061 7420 6d6b 6673 2074 urable at mkfs t\n+00039520: 696d 652c 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e73 ime, default ins\n+00039530: 656e 7369 7469 7665 292c 204a 4653 2028 ensitive), JFS (\n+00039540: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2061 740a configurable at.\n+00039550: 6d6b 6673 2074 696d 652c 2064 6566 6175 mkfs time, defau\n+00039560: 6c74 2073 656e 7369 7469 7665 292c 2048 lt sensitive), H\n+00039570: 4653 2c20 4146 4653 2c20 4641 542c 2065 FS, AFFS, FAT, e\n+00039580: 7846 4154 2061 6e64 205a 4653 0a28 636f xFAT and ZFS.(co\n+00039590: 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7065 nfigurable on pe\n+000395a0: 722d 7375 6276 6f6c 756d 6520 6261 7369 r-subvolume basi\n+000395b0: 7320 6279 2070 726f 7065 7274 7920 2263 s by property \"c\n+000395c0: 6173 6573 656e 7369 7469 7669 7479 222c asesensitivity\",\n+000395d0: 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 2073 656e 7369 7469 .default sensiti\n+000395e0: 7665 292e 2020 4f6e 205a 4653 2073 7562 ve). 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Also.l\n+00039660: 696b 6520 616c 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7465 ike all supporte\n+00039670: 6420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 6578 d filesystems ex\n+00039680: 6365 7074 2048 4653 2b20 616e 6420 5a46 cept HFS+ and ZF\n+00039690: 5320 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 S (configurable \n+000396a0: 6f6e 0a70 6572 2d73 7562 766f 6c75 6d65 on.per-subvolume\n+000396b0: 2062 6173 6973 2062 7920 7072 6f70 6572 basis by proper\n+000396c0: 7479 2022 6e6f 726d 616c 697a 6174 696f ty \"normalizatio\n+000396d0: 6e22 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6e6f 6e65 n\", default none\n+000396e0: 2920 4752 5542 0a6d 616b 6573 206e 6f20 ) GRUB.makes no \n+000396f0: 6174 7465 6d70 7420 6174 2063 6865 636b attempt at check\n+00039700: 206f 6620 6361 6e6f 6e69 6361 6c20 6571 of canonical eq\n+00039710: 7569 7661 6c65 6e63 6520 736f 2061 2066 uivalence so a f\n+00039720: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 0a75 2d64 6961 7265 ile name.u-diare\n+00039730: 7369 7320 6973 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 sis is treated a\n+00039740: 7320 6469 7374 696e 6374 2066 726f 6d20 s distinct from \n+00039750: 752b 636f 6d62 696e 696e 6720 6469 6172 u+combining diar\n+00039760: 6573 6973 2e20 2054 6869 730a 686f 7765 esis. This.howe\n+00039770: 7665 7220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2069 ver means that i\n+00039780: 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2061 6363 6573 n order to acces\n+00039790: 7320 6669 6c65 206f 6e20 4846 532b 2069 s file on HFS+ i\n+000397a0: 7473 206e 616d 6520 6d75 7374 2062 650a ts name must be.\n+000397b0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 206e 6f72 specified in nor\n+000397c0: 6d61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 6d20 malisation form \n+000397d0: 442e 204f 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 697a 6564 D. On normalized\n+000397e0: 205a 4653 2073 7562 766f 6c75 6d65 730a ZFS subvolumes.\n+000397f0: 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 7320 6f75 7420 6f66 filenames out of\n+00039800: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2061 normalisation a\n+00039810: 7265 2069 6e61 6363 6573 7369 626c 652e re inaccessible.\n+00039820: 0a0a 3137 2e33 204f 7574 7075 7420 7465 ..17.3 Output te\n+00039830: 726d 696e 616c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d rminal.=========\n+00039840: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a46 6972 ===========..Fir\n+00039850: 6d77 6172 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2063 6f6e mware output con\n+00039860: 736f 6c65 2022 636f 6e73 6f6c 6522 206f sole \"console\" o\n+00039870: 6e20 4152 4320 616e 6420 4945 4545 3132 n ARC and IEEE12\n+00039880: 3735 2061 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 75 are limited t\n+00039890: 6f0a 4153 4349 492e 0a0a 2020 2042 494f o.ASCII... BIO\n+000398a0: 5320 6669 726d 7761 7265 2063 6f6e 736f S firmware conso\n+000398b0: 6c65 2061 6e64 2056 4741 2074 6578 7420 le and VGA text \n+000398c0: 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2041 are limited to A\n+000398d0: 5343 4949 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 650a 7073 SCII and some.ps\n+000398e0: 6575 646f 6772 6170 6869 6373 2e0a 0a20 eudographics... \n+000398f0: 2020 4e6f 6e65 206f 6620 6162 6f76 6520 None of above \n+00039900: 6d65 6e74 696f 6e65 6420 6973 2061 7070 mentioned is app\n+00039910: 726f 7072 6961 7465 2066 6f72 2064 6973 ropriate for dis\n+00039920: 706c 6179 696e 6720 696e 7465 726e 6174 playing internat\n+00039930: 696f 6e61 6c0a 616e 6420 616e 7920 756e ional.and any un\n+00039940: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6368 6172 6163 supported charac\n+00039950: 7465 7220 6973 2072 6570 6c61 6365 6420 ter is replaced \n+00039960: 7769 7468 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 6d61 with question ma\n+00039970: 726b 2065 7863 6570 740a 7073 6575 646f rk except.pseudo\n+00039980: 6772 6170 6869 6373 2077 6869 6368 2077 graphics which w\n+00039990: 6520 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 2061 7070 e attempt to app\n+000399a0: 726f 7869 6d61 7465 2077 6974 6820 4153 roximate with AS\n+000399b0: 4349 492e 0a0a 2020 2045 4649 2063 6f6e CII... EFI con\n+000399c0: 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6f74 6865 sole on the othe\n+000399d0: 7220 6861 6e64 206e 6f6d 696e 616c 6c79 r hand nominally\n+000399e0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 5554 462d 3136 supports UTF-16\n+000399f0: 2062 7574 2061 6374 7561 6c0a 6c61 6e67 but actual.lang\n+00039a00: 7561 6765 2063 6f76 6572 6167 6520 6465 uage coverage de\n+00039a10: 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2066 6972 6d77 6172 pends on firmwar\n+00039a20: 6520 616e 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2076 6572 e and may be ver\n+00039a30: 7920 6c69 6d69 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2054 y limited... T\n+00039a40: 6865 2065 6e63 6f64 696e 6720 7573 6564 he encoding used\n+00039a50: 206f 6e20 7365 7269 616c 2063 616e 2062 on serial can b\n+00039a60: 6520 6368 6f73 656e 2077 6974 6820 2774 e chosen with 't\n+00039a70: 6572 6d69 6e66 6f27 2061 7320 6569 7468 erminfo' as eith\n+00039a80: 6572 0a41 5343 4949 2c20 5554 462d 3820 er.ASCII, UTF-8 \n+00039a90: 6f72 2022 7669 7375 616c 2055 5446 2d38 or \"visual UTF-8\n+00039aa0: 222e 2020 4c61 7374 206f 6e65 2069 7320 \". Last one is \n+00039ab0: 6167 6169 6e73 7420 7468 6520 7370 6563 against the spec\n+00039ac0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e0a 6275 7420 7265 ification.but re\n+00039ad0: 7375 6c74 7320 696e 2063 6f72 7265 6374 sults in correct\n+00039ae0: 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 206f 6620 7269 rendering of ri\n+00039af0: 6768 742d 746f 2d6c 6566 7420 6f6e 2073 ght-to-left on s\n+00039b00: 6f6d 6520 7265 6164 6572 7320 7768 6963 ome readers whic\n+00039b10: 680a 646f 6e27 7420 6861 7665 206f 776e h.don't have own\n+00039b20: 2062 6964 6920 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 bidi implementa\n+00039b30: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2065 6d75 tion... On emu\n+00039b40: 2047 5255 4220 6368 6563 6b73 2069 6620 GRUB checks if \n+00039b50: 6368 6172 7365 7420 6973 2055 5446 2d38 charset is UTF-8\n+00039b60: 2061 6e64 2075 7365 7320 6974 2069 6620 and uses it if \n+00039b70: 736f 2061 6e64 2075 7365 730a 4153 4349 so and uses.ASCI\n+00039b80: 4920 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652e 0a0a 2020 I otherwise... \n+00039b90: 2057 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 6766 7874 When using gfxt\n+00039ba0: 6572 6d20 6f72 2067 6678 6d65 6e75 2047 erm or gfxmenu G\n+00039bb0: 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 2069 7320 7265 RUB itself is re\n+00039bc0: 7370 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f 720a 7265 sponsible for.re\n+00039bd0: 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7468 6520 7465 7874 ndering the text\n+00039be0: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 . In this case \n+00039bf0: 4752 5542 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 GRUB is limited \n+00039c00: 6279 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 732e by loaded fonts.\n+00039c10: 2020 4966 0a66 6f6e 7473 2063 6f6e 7461 If.fonts conta\n+00039c20: 696e 2061 6c6c 2072 6571 7569 7265 6420 in all required \n+00039c30: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2074 6865 6e20 characters then \n+00039c40: 6269 6469 7265 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 7465 bidirectional te\n+00039c50: 7874 2c20 6375 7273 6976 650a 7661 7269 xt, cursive.vari\n+00039c60: 616e 7473 2061 6e64 2063 6f6d 6269 6e69 ants and combini\n+00039c70: 6e67 206d 6172 6b73 206f 7468 6572 2074 ng marks other t\n+00039c80: 6861 6e20 656e 636c 6f73 696e 672c 2068 han enclosing, h\n+00039c90: 616c 6620 2865 2e67 2e20 206c 6566 7420 alf (e.g. left \n+00039ca0: 6861 6c66 0a74 696c 6465 206f 7220 636f half.tilde or co\n+00039cb0: 6d62 696e 696e 6720 6f76 6572 6c69 6e65 mbining overline\n+00039cc0: 2920 616e 6420 646f 7562 6c65 206f 6e65 ) and double one\n+00039cd0: 732e 2020 4c69 6761 7475 7265 7320 6172 s. Ligatures ar\n+00039ce0: 656e 2774 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2074 en't.supported t\n+00039cf0: 686f 7567 682e 2020 5468 6973 2073 686f hough. This sho\n+00039d00: 756c 6420 636f 7665 7220 4575 726f 7065 uld cover Europe\n+00039d10: 616e 2c20 4d69 6464 6c65 2045 6173 7465 an, Middle Easte\n+00039d20: 726e 2028 6966 2079 6f75 0a64 6f6e 2774 rn (if you.don't\n+00039d30: 206d 696e 6420 6c61 636b 206f 6620 6c61 mind lack of la\n+00039d40: 6d2d 616c 6966 206c 6967 6174 7572 6520 m-alif ligature \n+00039d50: 696e 2041 7261 6269 6329 2061 6e64 2045 in Arabic) and E\n+00039d60: 6173 7420 4173 6961 6e20 7363 7269 7074 ast Asian script\n+00039d70: 732e 0a4e 6f74 6162 6c65 2075 6e73 7570 s..Notable unsup\n+00039d80: 706f 7274 6564 2073 6372 6970 7473 2061 ported scripts a\n+00039d90: 7265 2042 7261 686d 6963 2066 616d 696c re Brahmic famil\n+00039da0: 7920 616e 6420 6465 7269 7665 6420 6173 y and derived as\n+00039db0: 2077 656c 6c20 6173 0a4d 6f6e 676f 6c69 well as.Mongoli\n+00039dc0: 616e 2c20 5469 6669 6e61 6768 2c20 4b6f an, Tifinagh, Ko\n+00039dd0: 7265 616e 204a 616d 6f20 2870 7265 636f rean Jamo (preco\n+00039de0: 6d70 6f73 6564 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 mposed character\n+00039df0: 7320 6861 7665 206e 6f0a 7072 6f62 6c65 s have no.proble\n+00039e00: 6d29 2061 6e64 2074 6f6e 616c 2077 7269 m) and tonal wri\n+00039e10: 7469 6e67 2028 3265 352d 3265 3929 2e20 ting (2e5-2e9). \n+00039e20: 2047 5255 4220 616c 736f 2069 676e 6f72 GRUB also ignor\n+00039e30: 6573 2064 6570 7265 6361 7465 6420 2861 es deprecated (a\n+00039e40: 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2055 s.specified in U\n+00039e50: 6e69 636f 6465 2920 6368 6172 6163 7465 nicode) characte\n+00039e60: 7273 2028 652e 672e 2020 7461 6773 292e rs (e.g. tags).\n+00039e70: 2020 4752 5542 2061 6c73 6f20 646f 6573 GRUB also does\n+00039e80: 6e27 7420 6861 6e64 6c65 0a73 6f20 6361 n't handle.so ca\n+00039e90: 6c6c 6564 2022 616e 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e lled \"annotation\n+00039ea0: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7322 2049 6620 characters\" If \n+00039eb0: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 you can complete\n+00039ec0: 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 776f 0a6c either of two.l\n+00039ed0: 6973 7473 206f 722c 2062 6574 7465 722c ists or, better,\n+00039ee0: 2070 726f 706f 7365 2061 2070 6174 6368 propose a patch\n+00039ef0: 2074 6f20 696d 7072 6f76 6520 7265 6e64 to improve rend\n+00039f00: 6572 696e 672c 2070 6c65 6173 6520 636f ering, please co\n+00039f10: 6e74 6163 740a 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 ntact.developer \n+00039f20: 7465 616d 2e0a 0a31 372e 3420 496e 7075 team...17.4 Inpu\n+00039f30: 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d t terminal.=====\n+00039f40: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00039f50: 4669 726d 7761 7265 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 Firmware console\n+00039f60: 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2c20 4945 4545 3132 on BIOS, IEEE12\n+00039f70: 3735 2061 6e64 2041 5243 2064 6f65 736e 75 and ARC doesn\n+00039f80: 2774 2061 6c6c 6f77 2079 6f75 2074 6f20 't allow you to \n+00039f90: 656e 7465 720a 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 enter.non-ASCII \n+00039fa0: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2e20 2045 4649 characters. EFI\n+00039fb0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 specification a\n+00039fc0: 6c6c 6f77 7320 666f 7220 7375 6368 2062 llows for such b\n+00039fd0: 7574 2061 7574 686f 7220 6973 0a75 6e61 ut author is.una\n+00039fe0: 7761 7265 206f 6620 616e 7920 6163 7475 ware of any actu\n+00039ff0: 616c 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f al implementatio\n+0003a000: 6e73 2e20 2053 6572 6961 6c20 696e 7075 ns. Serial inpu\n+0003a010: 7420 6973 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 0a6c t is currently.l\n+0003a020: 696d 6974 6564 2066 6f72 206c 6174 696e imited for latin\n+0003a030: 3120 2875 6e6c 696b 656c 7920 746f 2063 1 (unlikely to c\n+0003a040: 6861 6e67 6529 2e20 204f 776e 206b 6579 hange). Own key\n+0003a050: 626f 6172 6420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 board implementa\n+0003a060: 7469 6f6e 730a 2861 745f 6b65 7962 6f61 tions.(at_keyboa\n+0003a070: 7264 2061 6e64 2075 7362 5f6b 6579 626f rd and usb_keybo\n+0003a080: 6172 6429 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 616e ard) supports an\n+0003a090: 7920 6b65 7920 6275 7420 776f 726b 206f y key but work o\n+0003a0a0: 6e0a 6f6e 652d 6368 6172 2d70 6572 2d6b n.one-char-per-k\n+0003a0b0: 6579 7374 726f 6b65 2e20 2053 6f20 6e6f eystroke. So no\n+0003a0c0: 2064 6561 6420 6b65 7973 206f 7220 6164 dead keys or ad\n+0003a0d0: 7661 6e63 6564 2069 6e70 7574 206d 6574 vanced input met\n+0003a0e0: 686f 642e 2020 416c 736f 0a74 6865 7265 hod. Also.there\n+0003a0f0: 2069 7320 6e6f 206b 6579 6d61 7020 6368 is no keymap ch\n+0003a100: 616e 6765 2068 6f74 6b65 792e 2020 496e ange hotkey. In\n+0003a110: 2070 7261 6374 6963 6520 6974 206d 616b practice it mak\n+0003a120: 6573 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2074 6f0a es difficult to.\n+0003a130: 656e 7465 7220 616e 7920 7465 7874 2075 enter any text u\n+0003a140: 7369 6e67 206e 6f6e 2d4c 6174 696e 2061 sing non-Latin a\n+0003a150: 6c70 6861 6265 742e 2020 4d6f 7265 6f76 lphabet. Moreov\n+0003a160: 6572 2061 6c6c 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2069 er all current i\n+0003a170: 6e70 7574 0a63 6f6e 7375 6d65 7273 2061 nput.consumers a\n+0003a180: 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 4153 re limited to AS\n+0003a190: 4349 492e 0a0a 3137 2e35 2047 6574 7465 CII...17.5 Gette\n+0003a1a0: 7874 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a xt.============.\n+0003a1b0: 0a47 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2062 .GRUB supports b\n+0003a1c0: 6569 6e67 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 642e eing translated.\n+0003a1d0: 2020 466f 7220 7468 6973 2079 6f75 206e For this you n\n+0003a1e0: 6565 6420 746f 2068 6176 6520 6c61 6e67 eed to have lang\n+0003a1f0: 7561 6765 202a 2e6d 6f0a 6669 6c65 7320 uage *.mo.files \n+0003a200: 696e 2024 7072 6566 6978 2f6c 6f63 616c in $prefix/local\n+0003a210: 652c 206c 6f61 6420 6765 7474 6578 7420 e, load gettext \n+0003a220: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2022 module and set \"\n+0003a230: 6c61 6e67 2220 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2e0a lang\" variable..\n+0003a240: 0a31 372e 3620 5265 6765 7870 0a3d 3d3d .17.6 Regexp.===\n+0003a250: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5265 6765 7870 ========..Regexp\n+0003a260: 7320 776f 726b 206f 6e20 756e 6963 6f64 s work on unicod\n+0003a270: 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2c20 686f e characters, ho\n+0003a280: 7765 7665 7220 6e6f 2061 7474 656d 7074 wever no attempt\n+0003a290: 2061 7420 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 0a63 616e at checking.can\n+0003a2a0: 6e6f 6e69 6361 6c20 6571 7569 7661 6c65 nonical equivale\n+0003a2b0: 6e63 6520 6861 7320 6265 656e 206d 6164 nce has been mad\n+0003a2c0: 652e 2020 4d6f 7265 6f76 6572 2074 6865 e. Moreover the\n+0003a2d0: 2063 6c61 7373 6573 206c 696b 650a 5b3a classes like.[:\n+0003a2e0: 616c 7068 613a 5d20 6d61 7463 6820 6f6e alpha:] match on\n+0003a2f0: 6c79 2041 5343 4949 2073 7562 7365 742e ly ASCII subset.\n+0003a300: 0a0a 3137 2e37 204f 7468 6572 0a3d 3d3d ..17.7 Other.===\n+0003a310: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 6e74 =======..Current\n+0003a320: 6c79 2047 5255 4220 616c 7761 7973 2075 ly GRUB always u\n+0003a330: 7365 7320 5945 4152 2d4d 4f4e 5448 2d44 ses YEAR-MONTH-D\n+0003a340: 4159 2048 4f55 523a 4d49 4e55 5445 3a53 AY HOUR:MINUTE:S\n+0003a350: 4543 4f4e 4420 5b57 4545 4b44 4159 5d0a ECOND [WEEKDAY].\n+0003a360: 3234 2d68 6f75 7220 6461 7465 7469 6d65 24-hour datetime\n+0003a370: 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6275 7420 7765 656b format but week\n+0003a380: 6461 7973 2061 7265 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 days are transla\n+0003a390: 7465 642e 2020 4752 5542 2061 6c77 6179 ted. 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Simila\n+0003a470: 720a 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6973 2066 r.behaviour is f\n+0003a480: 6f72 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 4f53 4275 or matching OSBu\n+0003a490: 6e64 6c65 5265 7175 6972 6564 2e20 2053 ndleRequired. S\n+0003a4a0: 696e 6365 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 616c ince IEEE1275 al\n+0003a4b0: 6961 7365 7320 616e 640a 4f53 4275 6e64 iases and.OSBund\n+0003a4c0: 6c65 5265 7175 6972 6564 2064 6f6e 2774 leRequired don't\n+0003a4d0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 6e79 206e 6f6e contain any non\n+0003a4e0: 2d41 5343 4949 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 -ASCII it should\n+0003a4f0: 206e 6576 6572 2062 6520 610a 7072 6f62 never be a.prob\n+0003a500: 6c65 6d20 696e 2070 7261 6374 6963 652e lem in practice.\n+0003a510: 2020 4361 7365 2d73 656e 7369 7469 7665 Case-sensitive\n+0003a520: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2061 7265 identifiers are\n+0003a530: 206d 6174 6368 6564 2061 7320 7261 770a matched as raw.\n+0003a540: 7374 7269 6e67 732c 206e 6f20 6361 6e6f strings, no cano\n+0003a550: 6e69 6361 6c20 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e63 nical equivalenc\n+0003a560: 6520 6368 6563 6b20 6973 2070 6572 666f e check is perfo\n+0003a570: 726d 6564 2e20 2043 6173 652d 696e 7365 rmed. Case-inse\n+0003a580: 6e73 7469 7665 0a69 6465 6e74 6966 6965 nstive.identifie\n+0003a590: 7273 2061 7265 206d 6174 6368 6564 2061 rs are matched a\n+0003a5a0: 7320 5241 5720 6275 7420 6164 6469 7469 s RAW but additi\n+0003a5b0: 6f6e 616c 6c79 205b 612d 7a5d 2069 7320 onally [a-z] is \n+0003a5c0: 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 6f0a 5b41 equivalent to.[A\n+0003a5d0: 2d5a 5d2e 2047 5255 422d 6465 6669 6e65 -Z]. GRUB-define\n+0003a5e0: 6420 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 7573 d identifiers us\n+0003a5f0: 6520 6f6e 6c79 2041 5343 4949 2061 6e64 e only ASCII and\n+0003a600: 2073 6f20 7368 6f75 6c64 0a75 7365 722d so should.user-\n+0003a610: 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6f6e 6573 2e20 2049 defined ones. I\n+0003a620: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2063 6f6e 7461 dentifiers conta\n+0003a630: 696e 696e 6720 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 ining non-ASCII \n+0003a640: 6d61 7920 776f 726b 2062 7574 2061 7265 may work but are\n+0003a650: 6e27 740a 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 2020 n't.supported. \n+0003a660: 4f6e 6c79 2074 6865 2041 5343 4949 2073 Only the ASCII s\n+0003a670: 7061 6365 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 pace characters \n+0003a680: 2873 7061 6365 2055 2b30 3032 302c 2074 (space U+0020, t\n+0003a690: 6162 2055 2b30 3030 622c 0a43 5220 552b ab U+000b,.CR U+\n+0003a6a0: 3030 3064 2061 6e64 204c 4620 552b 3030 000d and LF U+00\n+0003a6b0: 3061 2920 6172 6520 7265 636f 676e 6973 0a) are recognis\n+0003a6c0: 6564 2e20 204f 7468 6572 2075 6e69 636f ed. Other unico\n+0003a6d0: 6465 2073 7061 6365 2063 6861 7261 6374 de space charact\n+0003a6e0: 6572 730a 6172 656e 2774 2061 2076 616c ers.aren't a val\n+0003a6f0: 6964 2066 6965 6c64 2073 6570 6172 6174 id field separat\n+0003a700: 6f72 2e20 2027 7465 7374 2720 282a 6e6f or. 'test' (*no\n+0003a710: 7465 2074 6573 743a 3a29 2074 6573 7473 te test::) tests\n+0003a720: 203c 2c20 3e2c 203c 3d2c 0a3e 3d2c 202d <, >, <=,.>=, -\n+0003a730: 7067 7420 616e 6420 2d70 6c74 2063 6f6d pgt and -plt com\n+0003a740: 7061 7265 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 pare the strings\n+0003a750: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6c65 7869 636f 6772 in the lexicogr\n+0003a760: 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 aphical order of\n+0003a770: 0a75 6e69 636f 6465 2063 6f64 6570 6f69 .unicode codepoi\n+0003a780: 6e74 732c 2072 6570 6c69 6361 7469 6e67 nts, replicating\n+0003a790: 2074 6865 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f the behaviour o\n+0003a7a0: 6620 7465 7374 2066 726f 6d20 636f 7265 f test from core\n+0003a7b0: 7574 696c 732e 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 utils..environme\n+0003a7c0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 6e64 nt variables and\n+0003a7d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 6c69 commands are li\n+0003a7e0: 7374 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 sted in the same\n+0003a7f0: 206f 7264 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a order.....File:\n+0003a800: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003a810: 653a 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 4e65 e: Security, Ne\n+0003a820: 7874 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d xt: Platform lim\n+0003a830: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a itations, Prev:\n+0003a840: 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 Internationalis\n+0003a850: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a ation, Up: Top.\n+0003a860: 0a31 3820 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a2a 2a2a .18 Security.***\n+0003a870: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 ********..* Menu\n+0003a880: 3a0a 0a2a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 :..* Authenticat\n+0003a890: 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 ion and authoris\n+0003a8a0: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 5573 6572 7320 616e ation:: Users an\n+0003a8b0: 6420 6163 6365 7373 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c d access control\n+0003a8c0: 0a2a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c .* Using digital\n+0003a8d0: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a20 2020 signatures:: \n+0003a8e0: 2020 2020 2020 426f 6f74 696e 6720 6469 Booting di\n+0003a8f0: 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 2063 gitally signed c\n+0003a900: 6f64 650a 2a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 ode.* UEFI secur\n+0003a910: 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d3a e boot and shim:\n+0003a920: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 : Booting\n+0003a930: 2064 6967 6974 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 digitally signe\n+0003a940: 6420 5045 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2053 6563 d PE files.* Sec\n+0003a950: 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 ure Boot Advance\n+0003a960: 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 673a 3a20 2020 d Targeting:: \n+0003a970: 456d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 Embedded informa\n+0003a980: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6174 tion for generat\n+0003a990: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2062 6173 6564 ion number based\n+0003a9a0: 2072 6576 6f63 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 4d65 revocation.* Me\n+0003a9b0: 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 asured Boot:: \n+0003a9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0003a9d0: 204d 6561 7375 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 Measuring boot \n+0003a9e0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a2a 204c 6f63 components.* Loc\n+0003a9f0: 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 kdown:: \n+0003aa00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0003aa10: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2077 6865 6e20 626f Lockdown when bo\n+0003aa20: 6f74 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 oting on a secur\n+0003aa30: 6520 7365 7475 700a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a e setup....File:\n+0003aa40: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003aa50: 653a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f e: Authenticatio\n+0003aa60: 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 n and authorisat\n+0003aa70: 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5573 696e ion, Next: Usin\n+0003aa80: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 g digital signat\n+0003aa90: 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 ures, Up: Secur\n+0003aaa0: 6974 790a 0a31 382e 3120 4175 7468 656e ity..18.1 Authen\n+0003aab0: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 tication and aut\n+0003aac0: 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 4752 horisation in GR\n+0003aad0: 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d UB.=============\n 0003aae0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003aaf0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-0003ab00: 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 7468 6520 By default, the \n-0003ab10: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 696e 7465 boot loader inte\n-0003ab20: 7266 6163 6520 6973 2061 6363 6573 7369 rface is accessi\n-0003ab30: 626c 6520 746f 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 7769 ble to anyone wi\n-0003ab40: 7468 0a70 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6163 6365 th.physical acce\n-0003ab50: 7373 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c ss to the consol\n-0003ab60: 653a 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 7365 e: anyone can se\n-0003ab70: 6c65 6374 2061 6e64 2065 6469 7420 616e lect and edit an\n-0003ab80: 7920 6d65 6e75 0a65 6e74 7279 2c20 616e y menu.entry, an\n-0003ab90: 6420 616e 796f 6e65 2063 616e 2067 6574 d anyone can get\n-0003aba0: 2064 6972 6563 7420 6163 6365 7373 2074 direct access t\n-0003abb0: 6f20 6120 4752 5542 2073 6865 6c6c 2070 o a GRUB shell p\n-0003abc0: 726f 6d70 742e 2020 466f 720a 6d6f 7374 rompt. For.most\n-0003abd0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6973 2069 systems, this i\n-0003abe0: 7320 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2073 696e s reasonable sin\n-0003abf0: 6365 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 2064 ce anyone with d\n-0003ac00: 6972 6563 7420 7068 7973 6963 616c 0a61 irect physical.a\n-0003ac10: 6363 6573 7320 6861 7320 6120 7661 7269 ccess has a vari\n-0003ac20: 6574 7920 6f66 206f 7468 6572 2077 6179 ety of other way\n-0003ac30: 7320 746f 2067 6169 6e20 6675 6c6c 2061 s to gain full a\n-0003ac40: 6363 6573 732c 2061 6e64 2072 6571 7569 ccess, and requi\n-0003ac50: 7269 6e67 0a61 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 ring.authenticat\n-0003ac60: 696f 6e20 6174 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 ion at the boot \n-0003ac70: 6c6f 6164 6572 206c 6576 656c 2077 6f75 loader level wou\n-0003ac80: 6c64 206f 6e6c 7920 7365 7276 6520 746f ld only serve to\n-0003ac90: 206d 616b 6520 6974 0a64 6966 6669 6375 make it.difficu\n-0003aca0: 6c74 2074 6f20 7265 636f 7665 7220 6272 lt to recover br\n-0003acb0: 6f6b 656e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 oken systems... \n-0003acc0: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2069 6e20 736f However, in so\n-0003acd0: 6d65 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 732c me environments,\n-0003ace0: 2073 7563 6820 6173 206b 696f 736b 732c such as kiosks,\n-0003acf0: 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 2061 7070 726f it may be appro\n-0003ad00: 7072 6961 7465 0a74 6f20 6c6f 636b 2064 priate.to lock d\n-0003ad10: 6f77 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 own the boot loa\n-0003ad20: 6465 7220 746f 2072 6571 7569 7265 2061 der to require a\n-0003ad30: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6265 uthentication be\n-0003ad40: 666f 7265 2070 6572 666f 726d 696e 670a fore performing.\n-0003ad50: 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696f certain operatio\n-0003ad60: 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 2770 6173 ns... The 'pas\n-0003ad70: 7377 6f72 6427 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 sword' (*note pa\n-0003ad80: 7373 776f 7264 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 2770 ssword::) and 'p\n-0003ad90: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2720 assword_pbkdf2' \n-0003ada0: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a70 6173 7377 6f72 645f (*note.password_\n-0003adb0: 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e pbkdf2::) comman\n-0003adc0: 6473 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 ds can be used t\n-0003add0: 6f20 6465 6669 6e65 2075 7365 7273 2c20 o define users, \n-0003ade0: 6561 6368 206f 6620 7768 6963 680a 6861 each of which.ha\n-0003adf0: 7320 616e 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 s an associated \n-0003ae00: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2e20 2027 7061 7373 password. 'pass\n-0003ae10: 776f 7264 2720 7365 7473 2074 6865 2070 word' sets the p\n-0003ae20: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 696e 2070 6c61 696e assword in plain\n-0003ae30: 2074 6578 742c 0a72 6571 7569 7269 6e67 text,.requiring\n-0003ae40: 2027 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 746f 2062 'grub.cfg' to b\n-0003ae50: 6520 7365 6375 7265 3b20 2770 6173 7377 e secure; 'passw\n-0003ae60: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2720 7365 7473 ord_pbkdf2' sets\n-0003ae70: 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 6861 the password.ha\n-0003ae80: 7368 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2050 shed using the P\n-0003ae90: 6173 7377 6f72 642d 4261 7365 6420 4b65 assword-Based Ke\n-0003aea0: 7920 4465 7269 7661 7469 6f6e 2046 756e y Derivation Fun\n-0003aeb0: 6374 696f 6e20 2852 4643 2032 3839 3829 ction (RFC 2898)\n-0003aec0: 2c0a 7265 7175 6972 696e 6720 7468 6520 ,.requiring the \n-0003aed0: 7573 6520 6f66 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 use of 'grub-mkp\n-0003aee0: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2720 282a asswd-pbkdf2' (*\n-0003aef0: 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 note Invoking.gr\n-0003af00: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n-0003af10: 6632 3a3a 2920 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 f2::) to generat\n-0003af20: 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 6865 e password hashe\n-0003af30: 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 s... In order \n-0003af40: 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6175 7468 656e to enable authen\n-0003af50: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 706f 7274 tication support\n-0003af60: 2c20 7468 6520 2773 7570 6572 7573 6572 , the 'superuser\n-0003af70: 7327 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 s'.environment v\n-0003af80: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 6520 ariable must be \n-0003af90: 7365 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 set to a list of\n-0003afa0: 2075 7365 726e 616d 6573 2c20 7365 7061 usernames, sepa\n-0003afb0: 7261 7465 6420 6279 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 rated by.any of \n-0003afc0: 7370 6163 6573 2c20 636f 6d6d 6173 2c20 spaces, commas, \n-0003afd0: 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 2c20 7069 7065 semicolons, pipe\n-0003afe0: 732c 206f 7220 616d 7065 7273 616e 6473 s, or ampersands\n-0003aff0: 2e20 2053 7570 6572 7573 6572 7320 6172 . Superusers ar\n-0003b000: 650a 7065 726d 6974 7465 6420 746f 2075 e.permitted to u\n-0003b010: 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d se the GRUB comm\n-0003b020: 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2c20 6564 6974 206d and line, edit m\n-0003b030: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732c 2061 6e64 enu entries, and\n-0003b040: 2065 7865 6375 7465 0a61 6e79 206d 656e execute.any men\n-0003b050: 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 4966 2027 7375 u entry. If 'su\n-0003b060: 7065 7275 7365 7273 2720 6973 2073 6574 perusers' is set\n-0003b070: 2c20 7468 656e 2075 7365 206f 6620 7468 , then use of th\n-0003b080: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 0a61 e command line.a\n-0003b090: 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f 6620 6d65 nd editing of me\n-0003b0a0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2061 7265 2061 nu entries are a\n-0003b0b0: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2072 6573 utomatically res\n-0003b0c0: 7472 6963 7465 6420 746f 2073 7570 6572 tricted to super\n-0003b0d0: 7573 6572 732e 0a53 6574 7469 6e67 2027 users..Setting '\n-0003b0e0: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2720 746f 2065 superusers' to e\n-0003b0f0: 6d70 7479 2073 7472 696e 6720 6566 6665 mpty string effe\n-0003b100: 6374 6976 656c 7920 6469 7361 626c 6573 ctively disables\n-0003b110: 2062 6f74 6820 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f0a both access to.\n-0003b120: 434c 4920 616e 6420 6564 6974 696e 6720 CLI and editing \n-0003b130: 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e of menu entries.\n-0003b140: 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 656e 7669 Note: The envi\n-0003b150: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-0003b160: 206e 6565 6473 0a74 6f20 6265 2065 7870 needs.to be exp\n-0003b170: 6f72 7465 6420 746f 2061 6c73 6f20 6166 orted to also af\n-0003b180: 6665 6374 2074 6865 2073 6563 7469 6f6e fect the section\n-0003b190: 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 defined by the \n-0003b1a0: 2773 7562 6d65 6e75 270a 636f 6d6d 616e 'submenu'.comman\n-0003b1b0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 d (*note submenu\n-0003b1c0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 2075 ::)... Other u\n-0003b1d0: 7365 7273 206d 6179 2062 6520 616c 6c6f sers may be allo\n-0003b1e0: 7765 6420 746f 2065 7865 6375 7465 2073 wed to execute s\n-0003b1f0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 pecific menu ent\n-0003b200: 7269 6573 2062 7920 6769 7669 6e67 0a61 ries by giving.a\n-0003b210: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2075 7365 726e 616d list of usernam\n-0003b220: 6573 2028 6173 2061 626f 7665 2920 7573 es (as above) us\n-0003b230: 696e 6720 7468 6520 272d 2d75 7365 7273 ing the '--users\n-0003b240: 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 650a ' option to the.\n-0003b250: 276d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2720 636f 6d6d 'menuentry' comm\n-0003b260: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206d 656e 7565 and (*note menue\n-0003b270: 6e74 7279 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2074 6865 ntry::). If the\n-0003b280: 2027 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 '--unrestricted\n-0003b290: 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a69 7320 7573 6564 ' option.is used\n-0003b2a0: 2066 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 for a menu entr\n-0003b2b0: 792c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6174 2065 6e74 y, then that ent\n-0003b2c0: 7279 2069 7320 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 ry is unrestrict\n-0003b2d0: 6564 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 272d 2d75 ed. If the.'--u\n-0003b2e0: 7365 7273 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 sers' option is \n-0003b2f0: 6e6f 7420 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 206d not used for a m\n-0003b300: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2074 6865 6e20 enu entry, then \n-0003b310: 7468 6174 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7065 7275 that only superu\n-0003b320: 7365 7273 0a61 7265 2061 626c 6520 746f sers.are able to\n-0003b330: 2075 7365 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 2050 7574 use it... Put\n-0003b340: 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 746f 6765 7468 ting this togeth\n-0003b350: 6572 2c20 6120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 2767 er, a typical 'g\n-0003b360: 7275 622e 6366 6727 2066 7261 676d 656e rub.cfg' fragmen\n-0003b370: 7420 6d69 6768 7420 6c6f 6f6b 206c 696b t might look lik\n-0003b380: 650a 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 e.this:.. se\n-0003b390: 7420 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 3d22 726f t superusers=\"ro\n-0003b3a0: 6f74 220a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 ot\". passwor\n-0003b3b0: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2072 6f6f 7420 6772 d_pbkdf2 root gr\n-0003b3c0: 7562 2e70 626b 6466 322e 7368 6135 3132 ub.pbkdf2.sha512\n-0003b3d0: 2e31 3030 3030 2e62 6967 6c6f 6e67 7374 .10000.biglongst\n-0003b3e0: 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f ring. passwo\n-0003b3f0: 7264 2075 7365 7231 2069 6e73 6563 7572 rd user1 insecur\n-0003b400: 650a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 e.. menuentr\n-0003b410: 7920 224d 6179 2062 6520 7275 6e20 6279 y \"May be run by\n-0003b420: 2061 6e79 2075 7365 7222 202d 2d75 6e72 any user\" --unr\n-0003b430: 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 7b0a 2020 2020 estricted {. \n-0003b440: 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c .set root=(hd0,\n-0003b450: 3129 0a20 2020 2020 096c 696e 7578 202f 1). .linux /\n-0003b460: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a vmlinuz. }..\n-0003b470: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n-0003b480: 5375 7065 7275 7365 7273 206f 6e6c 7922 Superusers only\"\n-0003b490: 202d 2d75 7365 7273 2022 2220 7b0a 2020 --users \"\" {. \n-0003b4a0: 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 .set root=(hd\n-0003b4b0: 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 096c 696e 7578 0,1). .linux\n-0003b4c0: 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 7369 6e67 6c65 /vmlinuz single\n-0003b4d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 . }.. me\n-0003b4e0: 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224d 6179 2062 6520 nuentry \"May be \n-0003b4f0: 7275 6e20 6279 2075 7365 7231 206f 7220 run by user1 or \n-0003b500: 6120 7375 7065 7275 7365 7222 202d 2d75 a superuser\" --u\n-0003b510: 7365 7273 2075 7365 7231 207b 0a20 2020 sers user1 {. \n-0003b520: 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 .set root=(hd0\n-0003b530: 2c32 290a 2020 2020 2009 6368 6169 6e6c ,2). .chainl\n-0003b540: 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a oader +1. }.\n-0003b550: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 2767 7275 622d 6d6b . The 'grub-mk\n-0003b560: 636f 6e66 6967 2720 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 config' program \n-0003b570: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2079 6574 2068 6176 does not yet hav\n-0003b580: 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 2073 7570 706f e built-in suppo\n-0003b590: 7274 2066 6f72 0a67 656e 6572 6174 696e rt for.generatin\n-0003b5a0: 6720 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 g configuration \n-0003b5b0: 6669 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2061 7574 6865 files with authe\n-0003b5c0: 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 596f 7520 ntication. You \n-0003b5d0: 6361 6e20 7573 650a 272f 6574 632f 6772 can use.'/etc/gr\n-0003b5e0: 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 6f6d 2720 ub.d/40_custom' \n-0003b5f0: 746f 2061 6464 2073 696d 706c 6520 7375 to add simple su\n-0003b600: 7065 7275 7365 7220 6175 7468 656e 7469 peruser authenti\n-0003b610: 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 6279 0a61 6464 696e cation, by.addin\n-0003b620: 6720 2773 6574 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 g 'set superuser\n-0003b630: 733d 2720 616e 6420 2770 6173 7377 6f72 s=' and 'passwor\n-0003b640: 6427 206f 7220 2770 6173 7377 6f72 645f d' or 'password_\n-0003b650: 7062 6b64 6632 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 pbkdf2' commands\n-0003b660: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003b670: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 7369 info, Node: Usi\n-0003b680: 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 ng digital signa\n-0003b690: 7475 7265 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5545 tures, Next: UE\n-0003b6a0: 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 FI secure boot a\n-0003b6b0: 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 nd shim, Prev: \n-0003b6c0: 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 Authentication a\n-0003b6d0: 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e nd authorisation\n-0003b6e0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a , Up: Security.\n-0003b6f0: 0a31 382e 3220 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 .18.2 Using digi\n-0003b700: 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2069 tal signatures i\n-0003b710: 6e20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d n GRUB.=========\n+0003aaf0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0003ab00: 0a0a 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 7468 ..By default, th\n+0003ab10: 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 696e e boot loader in\n+0003ab20: 7465 7266 6163 6520 6973 2061 6363 6573 terface is acces\n+0003ab30: 7369 626c 6520 746f 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 sible to anyone \n+0003ab40: 7769 7468 0a70 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6163 with.physical ac\n+0003ab50: 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e73 cess to the cons\n+0003ab60: 6f6c 653a 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 ole: anyone can \n+0003ab70: 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e64 2065 6469 7420 select and edit \n+0003ab80: 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 0a65 6e74 7279 2c20 any menu.entry, \n+0003ab90: 616e 6420 616e 796f 6e65 2063 616e 2067 and anyone can g\n+0003aba0: 6574 2064 6972 6563 7420 6163 6365 7373 et direct access\n+0003abb0: 2074 6f20 6120 4752 5542 2073 6865 6c6c to a GRUB shell\n+0003abc0: 2070 726f 6d70 742e 2020 466f 720a 6d6f prompt. For.mo\n+0003abd0: 7374 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6973 st systems, this\n+0003abe0: 2069 7320 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2073 is reasonable s\n+0003abf0: 696e 6365 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 ince anyone with\n+0003ac00: 2064 6972 6563 7420 7068 7973 6963 616c direct physical\n+0003ac10: 0a61 6363 6573 7320 6861 7320 6120 7661 .access has a va\n+0003ac20: 7269 6574 7920 6f66 206f 7468 6572 2077 riety of other w\n+0003ac30: 6179 7320 746f 2067 6169 6e20 6675 6c6c ays to gain full\n+0003ac40: 2061 6363 6573 732c 2061 6e64 2072 6571 access, and req\n+0003ac50: 7569 7269 6e67 0a61 7574 6865 6e74 6963 uiring.authentic\n+0003ac60: 6174 696f 6e20 6174 2074 6865 2062 6f6f ation at the boo\n+0003ac70: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206c 6576 656c 2077 t loader level w\n+0003ac80: 6f75 6c64 206f 6e6c 7920 7365 7276 6520 ould only serve \n+0003ac90: 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 0a64 6966 6669 to make it.diffi\n+0003aca0: 6375 6c74 2074 6f20 7265 636f 7665 7220 cult to recover \n+0003acb0: 6272 6f6b 656e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a broken systems..\n+0003acc0: 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2069 6e20 . However, in \n+0003acd0: 736f 6d65 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 some environment\n+0003ace0: 732c 2073 7563 6820 6173 206b 696f 736b s, such as kiosk\n+0003acf0: 732c 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 2061 7070 s, it may be app\n+0003ad00: 726f 7072 6961 7465 0a74 6f20 6c6f 636b ropriate.to lock\n+0003ad10: 2064 6f77 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c down the boot l\n+0003ad20: 6f61 6465 7220 746f 2072 6571 7569 7265 oader to require\n+0003ad30: 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 authentication \n+0003ad40: 6265 666f 7265 2070 6572 666f 726d 696e before performin\n+0003ad50: 670a 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 g.certain operat\n+0003ad60: 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 2770 ions... The 'p\n+0003ad70: 6173 7377 6f72 6427 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 assword' (*note \n+0003ad80: 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 password::) and \n+0003ad90: 2770 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 'password_pbkdf2\n+0003ada0: 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 0a70 6173 7377 6f72 ' (*note.passwor\n+0003adb0: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d d_pbkdf2::) comm\n+0003adc0: 616e 6473 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 ands can be used\n+0003add0: 2074 6f20 6465 6669 6e65 2075 7365 7273 to define users\n+0003ade0: 2c20 6561 6368 206f 6620 7768 6963 680a , each of which.\n+0003adf0: 6861 7320 616e 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 has an associate\n+0003ae00: 6420 7061 7373 776f 7264 2e20 2027 7061 d password. 'pa\n+0003ae10: 7373 776f 7264 2720 7365 7473 2074 6865 ssword' sets the\n+0003ae20: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 696e 2070 6c61 password in pla\n+0003ae30: 696e 2074 6578 742c 0a72 6571 7569 7269 in text,.requiri\n+0003ae40: 6e67 2027 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2720 746f ng 'grub.cfg' to\n+0003ae50: 2062 6520 7365 6375 7265 3b20 2770 6173 be secure; 'pas\n+0003ae60: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2720 7365 sword_pbkdf2' se\n+0003ae70: 7473 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a ts the password.\n+0003ae80: 6861 7368 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 hashed using the\n+0003ae90: 2050 6173 7377 6f72 642d 4261 7365 6420 Password-Based \n+0003aea0: 4b65 7920 4465 7269 7661 7469 6f6e 2046 Key Derivation F\n+0003aeb0: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 2852 4643 2032 3839 unction (RFC 289\n+0003aec0: 3829 2c0a 7265 7175 6972 696e 6720 7468 8),.requiring th\n+0003aed0: 6520 7573 6520 6f66 2027 6772 7562 2d6d e use of 'grub-m\n+0003aee0: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2720 kpasswd-pbkdf2' \n+0003aef0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a (*note Invoking.\n+0003af00: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n+0003af10: 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 746f 2067 656e 6572 kdf2::) to gener\n+0003af20: 6174 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 ate password has\n+0003af30: 6865 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 hes... In orde\n+0003af40: 7220 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6175 7468 r to enable auth\n+0003af50: 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 706f entication suppo\n+0003af60: 7274 2c20 7468 6520 2773 7570 6572 7573 rt, the 'superus\n+0003af70: 6572 7327 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 ers'.environment\n+0003af80: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 variable must b\n+0003af90: 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 7420 e set to a list \n+0003afa0: 6f66 2075 7365 726e 616d 6573 2c20 7365 of usernames, se\n+0003afb0: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 0a61 6e79 206f parated by.any o\n+0003afc0: 6620 7370 6163 6573 2c20 636f 6d6d 6173 f spaces, commas\n+0003afd0: 2c20 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 2c20 7069 , semicolons, pi\n+0003afe0: 7065 732c 206f 7220 616d 7065 7273 616e pes, or ampersan\n+0003aff0: 6473 2e20 2053 7570 6572 7573 6572 7320 ds. Superusers \n+0003b000: 6172 650a 7065 726d 6974 7465 6420 746f are.permitted to\n+0003b010: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f use the GRUB co\n+0003b020: 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2c20 6564 6974 mmand line, edit\n+0003b030: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732c 2061 menu entries, a\n+0003b040: 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 0a61 6e79 206d nd execute.any m\n+0003b050: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 4966 2027 enu entry. If '\n+0003b060: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2720 6973 2073 superusers' is s\n+0003b070: 6574 2c20 7468 656e 2075 7365 206f 6620 et, then use of \n+0003b080: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 the command line\n+0003b090: 0a61 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f 6620 .and editing of \n+0003b0a0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2061 7265 menu entries are\n+0003b0b0: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2072 automatically r\n+0003b0c0: 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 746f 2073 7570 estricted to sup\n+0003b0d0: 6572 7573 6572 732e 0a53 6574 7469 6e67 erusers..Setting\n+0003b0e0: 2027 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2720 746f 'superusers' to\n+0003b0f0: 2065 6d70 7479 2073 7472 696e 6720 6566 empty string ef\n+0003b100: 6665 6374 6976 656c 7920 6469 7361 626c fectively disabl\n+0003b110: 6573 2062 6f74 6820 6163 6365 7373 2074 es both access t\n+0003b120: 6f0a 434c 4920 616e 6420 6564 6974 696e o.CLI and editin\n+0003b130: 6720 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 g of menu entrie\n+0003b140: 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 656e s. Note: The en\n+0003b150: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+0003b160: 6c65 206e 6565 6473 0a74 6f20 6265 2065 le needs.to be e\n+0003b170: 7870 6f72 7465 6420 746f 2061 6c73 6f20 xported to also \n+0003b180: 6166 6665 6374 2074 6865 2073 6563 7469 affect the secti\n+0003b190: 6f6e 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 7920 7468 on defined by th\n+0003b1a0: 6520 2773 7562 6d65 6e75 270a 636f 6d6d e 'submenu'.comm\n+0003b1b0: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 7562 6d65 and (*note subme\n+0003b1c0: 6e75 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 nu::)... Other\n+0003b1d0: 2075 7365 7273 206d 6179 2062 6520 616c users may be al\n+0003b1e0: 6c6f 7765 6420 746f 2065 7865 6375 7465 lowed to execute\n+0003b1f0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 6d65 6e75 2065 specific menu e\n+0003b200: 6e74 7269 6573 2062 7920 6769 7669 6e67 ntries by giving\n+0003b210: 0a61 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2075 7365 726e .a list of usern\n+0003b220: 616d 6573 2028 6173 2061 626f 7665 2920 ames (as above) \n+0003b230: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 272d 2d75 7365 using the '--use\n+0003b240: 7273 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 rs' option to th\n+0003b250: 650a 276d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2720 636f e.'menuentry' co\n+0003b260: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206d 656e mmand (*note men\n+0003b270: 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2074 uentry::). If t\n+0003b280: 6865 2027 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 he '--unrestrict\n+0003b290: 6564 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a69 7320 7573 ed' option.is us\n+0003b2a0: 6564 2066 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e ed for a menu en\n+0003b2b0: 7472 792c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6174 2065 try, then that e\n+0003b2c0: 6e74 7279 2069 7320 756e 7265 7374 7269 ntry is unrestri\n+0003b2d0: 6374 6564 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 272d cted. If the.'-\n+0003b2e0: 2d75 7365 7273 2720 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 -users' option i\n+0003b2f0: 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 s not used for a\n+0003b300: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2074 6865 menu entry, the\n+0003b310: 6e20 7468 6174 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7065 n that only supe\n+0003b320: 7275 7365 7273 0a61 7265 2061 626c 6520 rusers.are able \n+0003b330: 746f 2075 7365 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 2050 to use it... P\n+0003b340: 7574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 746f 6765 utting this toge\n+0003b350: 7468 6572 2c20 6120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 ther, a typical \n+0003b360: 2767 7275 622e 6366 6727 2066 7261 676d 'grub.cfg' fragm\n+0003b370: 656e 7420 6d69 6768 7420 6c6f 6f6b 206c ent might look l\n+0003b380: 696b 650a 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike.this:.. \n+0003b390: 7365 7420 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 3d22 set superusers=\"\n+0003b3a0: 726f 6f74 220a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 root\". passw\n+0003b3b0: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2072 6f6f 7420 ord_pbkdf2 root \n+0003b3c0: 6772 7562 2e70 626b 6466 322e 7368 6135 grub.pbkdf2.sha5\n+0003b3d0: 3132 2e31 3030 3030 2e62 6967 6c6f 6e67 12.10000.biglong\n+0003b3e0: 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 string. pass\n+0003b3f0: 776f 7264 2075 7365 7231 2069 6e73 6563 word user1 insec\n+0003b400: 7572 650a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e ure.. menuen\n+0003b410: 7472 7920 224d 6179 2062 6520 7275 6e20 try \"May be run \n+0003b420: 6279 2061 6e79 2075 7365 7222 202d 2d75 by any user\" --u\n+0003b430: 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 7b0a 2020 nrestricted {. \n+0003b440: 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 .set root=(hd\n+0003b450: 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 096c 696e 7578 0,1). .linux\n+0003b460: 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 207d /vmlinuz. }\n+0003b470: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n+0003b480: 2022 5375 7065 7275 7365 7273 206f 6e6c \"Superusers onl\n+0003b490: 7922 202d 2d75 7365 7273 2022 2220 7b0a y\" --users \"\" {.\n+0003b4a0: 2020 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 .set root=(\n+0003b4b0: 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 096c 696e hd0,1). .lin\n+0003b4c0: 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 7369 6e67 ux /vmlinuz sing\n+0003b4d0: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 le. }.. \n+0003b4e0: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224d 6179 2062 menuentry \"May b\n+0003b4f0: 6520 7275 6e20 6279 2075 7365 7231 206f e run by user1 o\n+0003b500: 7220 6120 7375 7065 7275 7365 7222 202d r a superuser\" -\n+0003b510: 2d75 7365 7273 2075 7365 7231 207b 0a20 -users user1 {. \n+0003b520: 2020 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 .set root=(h\n+0003b530: 6430 2c32 290a 2020 2020 2009 6368 6169 d0,2). .chai\n+0003b540: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 nloader +1. \n+0003b550: 7d0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 2767 7275 622d }.. The 'grub-\n+0003b560: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2720 7072 6f67 7261 mkconfig' progra\n+0003b570: 6d20 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2079 6574 2068 m does not yet h\n+0003b580: 6176 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 2073 7570 ave built-in sup\n+0003b590: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 0a67 656e 6572 6174 port for.generat\n+0003b5a0: 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ing configuratio\n+0003b5b0: 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2061 7574 n files with aut\n+0003b5c0: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 596f hentication. Yo\n+0003b5d0: 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a 272f 6574 632f u can use.'/etc/\n+0003b5e0: 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 6f6d grub.d/40_custom\n+0003b5f0: 2720 746f 2061 6464 2073 696d 706c 6520 ' to add simple \n+0003b600: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7220 6175 7468 656e superuser authen\n+0003b610: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 6279 0a61 6464 tication, by.add\n+0003b620: 696e 6720 2773 6574 2073 7570 6572 7573 ing 'set superus\n+0003b630: 6572 733d 2720 616e 6420 2770 6173 7377 ers=' and 'passw\n+0003b640: 6f72 6427 206f 7220 2770 6173 7377 6f72 ord' or 'passwor\n+0003b650: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2720 636f 6d6d 616e d_pbkdf2' comman\n+0003b660: 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ds.....File: gru\n+0003b670: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 b.info, Node: U\n+0003b680: 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 sing digital sig\n+0003b690: 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 natures, Next: \n+0003b6a0: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 UEFI secure boot\n+0003b6b0: 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 and shim, Prev\n+0003b6c0: 3a20 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e : Authentication\n+0003b6d0: 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 and authorisati\n+0003b6e0: 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 on, Up: Securit\n+0003b6f0: 790a 0a31 382e 3220 5573 696e 6720 6469 y..18.2 Using di\n+0003b700: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 gital signatures\n+0003b710: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d in GRUB.=======\n 0003b720: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003b730: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 ============..GR\n-0003b740: 5542 2773 2027 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2720 UB's 'core.img' \n-0003b750: 6361 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2070 can optionally p\n-0003b760: 726f 7669 6465 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6d65 rovide enforceme\n-0003b770: 6e74 2074 6861 7420 616c 6c20 6669 6c65 nt that all file\n-0003b780: 730a 7375 6273 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2072 s.subsequently r\n-0003b790: 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2064 6973 6b20 6172 ead from disk ar\n-0003b7a0: 6520 636f 7665 7265 6420 6279 2061 2076 e covered by a v\n-0003b7b0: 616c 6964 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 alid digital sig\n-0003b7c0: 6e61 7475 7265 2e0a 5468 6973 2064 6f63 nature..This doc\n-0003b7d0: 756d 656e 7420 646f 6573 202a 6e6f 742a ument does *not*\n-0003b7e0: 2063 6f76 6572 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 656e cover how to en\n-0003b7f0: 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 2070 sure that your p\n-0003b800: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 730a 6669 726d 7761 latform's.firmwa\n-0003b810: 7265 2028 652e 672e 2c20 436f 7265 626f re (e.g., Corebo\n-0003b820: 6f74 2920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 7320 2763 ot) validates 'c\n-0003b830: 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 ore.img'... If\n-0003b840: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-0003b850: 6961 626c 6520 2763 6865 636b 5f73 6967 iable 'check_sig\n-0003b860: 6e61 7475 7265 7327 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 natures' (*note \n-0003b870: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n-0003b880: 3a3a 290a 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2765 ::).is set to 'e\n-0003b890: 6e66 6f72 6365 272c 2074 6865 6e20 6576 nforce', then ev\n-0003b8a0: 6572 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 6279 2074 ery attempt by t\n-0003b8b0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 2763 6f72 652e 696d he GRUB 'core.im\n-0003b8c0: 6727 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a61 6e6f 7468 g' to load.anoth\n-0003b8d0: 6572 2066 696c 6520 2766 6f6f 2720 696d er file 'foo' im\n-0003b8e0: 706c 6963 6974 6c79 2069 6e76 6f6b 6573 plicitly invokes\n-0003b8f0: 2027 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 'verify_detache\n-0003b900: 6420 666f 6f20 666f 6f2e 7369 6727 0a28 d foo foo.sig'.(\n-0003b910: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 *note verify_det\n-0003b920: 6163 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 2027 666f 6f2e ached::). 'foo.\n-0003b930: 7369 6727 206d 7573 7420 636f 6e74 6169 sig' must contai\n-0003b940: 6e20 6120 7661 6c69 6420 6469 6769 7461 n a valid digita\n-0003b950: 6c0a 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6f76 6572 l.signature over\n-0003b960: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n-0003b970: 2027 666f 6f27 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 'foo', which ca\n-0003b980: 6e20 6265 2076 6572 6966 6965 6420 7769 n be verified wi\n-0003b990: 7468 2061 0a70 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 th a.public key \n-0003b9a0: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7472 7573 7465 currently truste\n-0003b9b0: 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 282a 6e6f 7465 d by GRUB (*note\n-0003b9c0: 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a2c list_trusted::,\n-0003b9d0: 202a 6e6f 7465 0a74 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 *note.trust::, \n-0003b9e0: 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 and *note distru\n-0003b9f0: 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2076 616c 6964 st::). If valid\n-0003ba00: 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c 732c 2074 6865 ation fails, the\n-0003ba10: 6e20 6669 6c65 2027 666f 6f27 0a63 616e n file 'foo'.can\n-0003ba20: 6e6f 7420 6265 206f 7065 6e65 642e 2020 not be opened. \n-0003ba30: 5468 6973 2066 6169 6c75 7265 206d 6179 This failure may\n-0003ba40: 2068 616c 7420 6f72 206f 7468 6572 7769 halt or otherwi\n-0003ba50: 7365 2069 6d70 6163 7420 7468 6520 626f se impact the bo\n-0003ba60: 6f74 0a70 726f 6365 7373 2e0a 0a20 2020 ot.process... \n-0003ba70: 416e 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2074 7275 7374 An initial trust\n-0003ba80: 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 6361 ed public key ca\n-0003ba90: 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 7769 n be embedded wi\n-0003baa0: 7468 696e 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a 2763 thin the GRUB.'c\n-0003bab0: 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2075 7369 6e67 2074 ore.img' using t\n-0003bac0: 6865 2027 2d2d 7075 626b 6579 2720 6f70 he '--pubkey' op\n-0003bad0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 2767 7275 622d 696e tion to 'grub-in\n-0003bae0: 7374 616c 6c27 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e stall' (*note In\n-0003baf0: 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 622d 696e 7374 voking.grub-inst\n-0003bb00: 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 all::)... GRUB\n-0003bb10: 2075 7365 7320 4750 472d 7374 796c 6520 uses GPG-style \n-0003bb20: 6465 7461 6368 6564 2073 6967 6e61 7475 detached signatu\n-0003bb30: 7265 7320 286d 6561 6e69 6e67 2074 6861 res (meaning tha\n-0003bb40: 7420 6120 6669 6c65 0a27 666f 6f2e 7369 t a file.'foo.si\n-0003bb50: 6727 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 726f 6475 g' will be produ\n-0003bb60: 6365 6420 7768 656e 2066 696c 6520 2766 ced when file 'f\n-0003bb70: 6f6f 2720 6973 2073 6967 6e65 6429 2c20 oo' is signed), \n-0003bb80: 616e 6420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a 7375 and currently.su\n-0003bb90: 7070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 2044 5341 2061 pports the DSA a\n-0003bba0: 6e64 2052 5341 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 2061 nd RSA signing a\n-0003bbb0: 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 732e 2020 4120 7369 lgorithms. A si\n-0003bbc0: 676e 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6361 6e20 6265 gning key can be\n-0003bbd0: 0a67 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 7320 666f .generated as fo\n-0003bbe0: 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7067 llows:.. gpg\n-0003bbf0: 202d 2d67 656e 2d6b 6579 0a0a 2020 2041 --gen-key.. A\n-0003bc00: 6e20 696e 6469 7669 6475 616c 2066 696c n individual fil\n-0003bc10: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 6420 e can be signed \n-0003bc20: 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 as follows:.. \n-0003bc30: 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 2d73 gpg --detach-s\n-0003bc40: 6967 6e20 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f66 696c ign /path/to/fil\n-0003bc50: 650a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 7375 6363 6573 e.. For succes\n-0003bc60: 7366 756c 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 sful validation \n-0003bc70: 6f66 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 4752 5542 2773 of all of GRUB's\n-0003bc80: 2073 7562 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2061 subcomponents a\n-0003bc90: 6e64 2074 6865 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 4f53 nd the.loaded OS\n-0003bca0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2074 6865 7920 6d75 kernel, they mu\n-0003bcb0: 7374 2061 6c6c 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 st all be signed\n-0003bcc0: 2e20 204f 6e65 2077 6179 2074 6f20 6163 . One way to ac\n-0003bcd0: 636f 6d70 6c69 7368 2074 6869 730a 6973 complish this.is\n-0003bce0: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2028 the following (\n-0003bcf0: 6166 7465 7220 6861 7669 6e67 2061 6c72 after having alr\n-0003bd00: 6561 6479 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 7468 eady produced th\n-0003bd10: 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 2767 7275 622e e desired 'grub.\n-0003bd20: 6366 6727 0a66 696c 652c 2065 2e67 2e2c cfg'.file, e.g.,\n-0003bd30: 2062 7920 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 2767 7275 by running 'gru\n-0003bd40: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2720 282a 6e6f b-mkconfig' (*no\n-0003bd50: 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 te Invoking grub\n-0003bd60: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 -mkconfig::):.. \n-0003bd70: 2020 2020 2320 4564 6974 202f 6465 762f # Edit /dev/\n-0003bd80: 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e74 shm/passphrase.t\n-0003bd90: 7874 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 796f xt to contain yo\n-0003bda0: 7572 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 206b 6579 2773 ur signing key's\n-0003bdb0: 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 650a 2020 2020 passphrase. \n-0003bdc0: 2066 6f72 2069 2069 6e20 6066 696e 6420 for i in `find \n-0003bdd0: 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d6e 616d 6520 222a 2e63 /boot -name \"*.c\n-0003bde0: 6667 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 222a fg\" -or -name \"*\n-0003bdf0: 2e6c 7374 2220 2d6f 7220 5c0a 2020 2020 .lst\" -or \\. \n-0003be00: 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e 6d6f 6422 -name \"*.mod\"\n-0003be10: 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 766d 6c69 -or -name \"vmli\n-0003be20: 6e75 7a2a 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 nuz*\" -or -name \n-0003be30: 2269 6e69 7472 642a 2220 2d6f 7220 5c0a \"initrd*\" -or \\.\n-0003be40: 2020 2020 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 6772 -name \"gr\n-0003be50: 7562 656e 7622 603b 0a20 2020 2020 646f ubenv\"`;. do\n-0003be60: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6261 . gpg --ba\n-0003be70: 7463 6820 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 2d73 6967 tch --detach-sig\n-0003be80: 6e20 2d2d 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2d66 n --passphrase-f\n-0003be90: 6420 3020 2469 203c 205c 0a20 2020 2020 d 0 $i < \\. \n-0003bea0: 2020 2020 2f64 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 /dev/shm/pas\n-0003beb0: 7370 6872 6173 652e 7478 740a 2020 2020 sphrase.txt. \n-0003bec0: 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2073 6872 6564 done. shred\n-0003bed0: 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 /dev/shm/passph\n-0003bee0: 7261 7365 2e74 7874 0a0a 2020 2053 6565 rase.txt.. See\n-0003bef0: 2061 6c73 6f3a 202a 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 also: *note che\n-0003bf00: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c ck_signatures::,\n-0003bf10: 202a 6e6f 7465 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 *note verify_de\n-0003bf20: 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a tached::, *note.\n-0003bf30: 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 206c trust::, *note l\n-0003bf40: 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a2c 202a ist_trusted::, *\n-0003bf50: 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a2c note distrust::,\n-0003bf60: 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f61 645f 656e 763a *note load_env:\n-0003bf70: 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6176 655f 656e :, *note.save_en\n-0003bf80: 763a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 v::... Note th\n-0003bf90: 6174 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 7369 at internally si\n-0003bfa0: 676e 6174 7572 6520 656e 666f 7263 656d gnature enforcem\n-0003bfb0: 656e 7420 6973 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 ent is controlle\n-0003bfc0: 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 d by setting.the\n-0003bfd0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-0003bfe0: 6961 626c 6520 2763 6865 636b 5f73 6967 iable 'check_sig\n-0003bff0: 6e61 7475 7265 7327 2065 7175 616c 2074 natures' equal t\n-0003c000: 6f20 2765 6e66 6f72 6365 272e 2020 5061 o 'enforce'. Pa\n-0003c010: 7373 696e 670a 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 ssing.one or mor\n-0003c020: 6520 272d 2d70 7562 6b65 7927 206f 7074 e '--pubkey' opt\n-0003c030: 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 2767 7275 622d 6d6b ions to 'grub-mk\n-0003c040: 696d 6167 6527 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 746c image' implicitl\n-0003c050: 7920 6465 6669 6e65 730a 2763 6865 636b y defines.'check\n-0003c060: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7327 2065 7175 _signatures' equ\n-0003c070: 616c 2074 6f20 2765 6e66 6f72 6365 2720 al to 'enforce' \n-0003c080: 696e 2027 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2720 7072 in 'core.img' pr\n-0003c090: 696f 7220 746f 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e ior to processin\n-0003c0a0: 670a 616e 7920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 g.any configurat\n-0003c0b0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 204e ion files... N\n-0003c0c0: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2073 6967 6e61 7475 ote that signatu\n-0003c0d0: 7265 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 646f 6573 re checking does\n-0003c0e0: 202a 6e6f 742a 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2061 *not* prevent a\n-0003c0f0: 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 2077 6974 680a n attacker with.\n-0003c100: 2873 6572 6961 6c2c 2070 6879 7369 6361 (serial, physica\n-0003c110: 6c2c 202e 2e2e 2920 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 l, ...) console\n-0003c120: 2061 6363 6573 7320 6672 6f6d 2064 726f access from dro\n-0003c130: 7070 696e 6720 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2074 pping manually t\n-0003c140: 6f20 7468 650a 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 736f o the.GRUB conso\n-0003c150: 6c65 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 le and executing\n-0003c160: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 6368 6563 :.. set chec\n-0003c170: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3d6e 6f0a k_signatures=no.\n-0003c180: 0a20 2020 546f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2074 . To prevent t\n-0003c190: 6869 732c 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642d 7072 his, password-pr\n-0003c1a0: 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 otection (*note \n-0003c1b0: 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 Authentication a\n-0003c1c0: 6e64 0a61 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e nd.authorisation\n-0003c1d0: 3a3a 2920 6973 2065 7373 656e 7469 616c ::) is essential\n-0003c1e0: 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2065 7665 . Note that eve\n-0003c1f0: 6e20 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 7061 7373 n with GRUB pass\n-0003c200: 776f 7264 0a70 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e2c word.protection,\n-0003c210: 2047 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 2063 616e GRUB itself can\n-0003c220: 6e6f 7420 7072 6576 656e 7420 736f 6d65 not prevent some\n-0003c230: 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 2070 6879 7369 6361 one with physica\n-0003c240: 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 l access to.the \n-0003c250: 6d61 6368 696e 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 6c74 machine from alt\n-0003c260: 6572 696e 6720 7468 6174 206d 6163 6869 ering that machi\n-0003c270: 6e65 2773 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 2865 ne's firmware (e\n-0003c280: 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 6f72 .g., Coreboot or\n-0003c290: 0a42 494f 5329 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 .BIOS) configura\n-0003c2a0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 6361 7573 6520 7468 tion to cause th\n-0003c2b0: 6520 6d61 6368 696e 6520 746f 2062 6f6f e machine to boo\n-0003c2c0: 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 t from a differe\n-0003c2d0: 6e74 0a28 6174 7461 636b 6572 2d63 6f6e nt.(attacker-con\n-0003c2e0: 7472 6f6c 6c65 6429 2064 6576 6963 652e trolled) device.\n-0003c2f0: 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 6174 2062 6573 GRUB is at bes\n-0003c300: 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206c 696e 6b20 t only one link \n-0003c310: 696e 2061 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 in a secure.boot\n-0003c320: 2063 6861 696e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a chain.....File:\n-0003c330: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003c340: 653a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 e: UEFI secure b\n-0003c350: 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 2c20 204e oot and shim, N\n-0003c360: 6578 743a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 ext: Secure Boot\n-0003c370: 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 Advanced Target\n-0003c380: 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5573 696e ing, Prev: Usin\n-0003c390: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 g digital signat\n-0003c3a0: 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 ures, Up: Secur\n-0003c3b0: 6974 790a 0a31 382e 3320 5545 4649 2073 ity..18.3 UEFI s\n-0003c3c0: 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 ecure boot and s\n-0003c3d0: 6869 6d20 7375 7070 6f72 740a 3d3d 3d3d him support.====\n+0003b730: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+0003b740: 4752 5542 2773 2027 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 GRUB's 'core.img\n+0003b750: 2720 6361 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 ' can optionally\n+0003b760: 2070 726f 7669 6465 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 provide enforce\n+0003b770: 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 616c 6c20 6669 ment that all fi\n+0003b780: 6c65 730a 7375 6273 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 les.subsequently\n+0003b790: 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2064 6973 6b20 read from disk \n+0003b7a0: 6172 6520 636f 7665 7265 6420 6279 2061 are covered by a\n+0003b7b0: 2076 616c 6964 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 valid digital s\n+0003b7c0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2e0a 5468 6973 2064 ignature..This d\n+0003b7d0: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 646f 6573 202a 6e6f ocument does *no\n+0003b7e0: 742a 2063 6f76 6572 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 t* cover how to \n+0003b7f0: 656e 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 ensure that your\n+0003b800: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 730a 6669 726d platform's.firm\n+0003b810: 7761 7265 2028 652e 672e 2c20 436f 7265 ware (e.g., Core\n+0003b820: 626f 6f74 2920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 7320 boot) validates \n+0003b830: 2763 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2e0a 0a20 2020 'core.img'... \n+0003b840: 4966 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 If environment v\n+0003b850: 6172 6961 626c 6520 2763 6865 636b 5f73 ariable 'check_s\n+0003b860: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7327 2028 2a6e 6f74 ignatures' (*not\n+0003b870: 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 e check_signatur\n+0003b880: 6573 3a3a 290a 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 es::).is set to \n+0003b890: 2765 6e66 6f72 6365 272c 2074 6865 6e20 'enforce', then \n+0003b8a0: 6576 6572 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 6279 every attempt by\n+0003b8b0: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 2763 6f72 652e the GRUB 'core.\n+0003b8c0: 696d 6727 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a61 6e6f img' to load.ano\n+0003b8d0: 7468 6572 2066 696c 6520 2766 6f6f 2720 ther file 'foo' \n+0003b8e0: 696d 706c 6963 6974 6c79 2069 6e76 6f6b implicitly invok\n+0003b8f0: 6573 2027 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 es 'verify_detac\n+0003b900: 6865 6420 666f 6f20 666f 6f2e 7369 6727 hed foo foo.sig'\n+0003b910: 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 .(*note verify_d\n+0003b920: 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 2027 666f etached::). 'fo\n+0003b930: 6f2e 7369 6727 206d 7573 7420 636f 6e74 o.sig' must cont\n+0003b940: 6169 6e20 6120 7661 6c69 6420 6469 6769 ain a valid digi\n+0003b950: 7461 6c0a 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6f76 tal.signature ov\n+0003b960: 6572 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 er the contents \n+0003b970: 6f66 2027 666f 6f27 2c20 7768 6963 6820 of 'foo', which \n+0003b980: 6361 6e20 6265 2076 6572 6966 6965 6420 can be verified \n+0003b990: 7769 7468 2061 0a70 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 with a.public ke\n+0003b9a0: 7920 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7472 7573 y currently trus\n+0003b9b0: 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 282a 6e6f ted by GRUB (*no\n+0003b9c0: 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a te list_trusted:\n+0003b9d0: 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a74 7275 7374 3a3a :, *note.trust::\n+0003b9e0: 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 , and *note dist\n+0003b9f0: 7275 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2076 616c rust::). If val\n+0003ba00: 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c 732c 2074 idation fails, t\n+0003ba10: 6865 6e20 6669 6c65 2027 666f 6f27 0a63 hen file 'foo'.c\n+0003ba20: 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 206f 7065 6e65 642e annot be opened.\n+0003ba30: 2020 5468 6973 2066 6169 6c75 7265 206d This failure m\n+0003ba40: 6179 2068 616c 7420 6f72 206f 7468 6572 ay halt or other\n+0003ba50: 7769 7365 2069 6d70 6163 7420 7468 6520 wise impact the \n+0003ba60: 626f 6f74 0a70 726f 6365 7373 2e0a 0a20 boot.process... \n+0003ba70: 2020 416e 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2074 7275 An initial tru\n+0003ba80: 7374 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 sted public key \n+0003ba90: 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 can be embedded \n+0003baa0: 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a within the GRUB.\n+0003bab0: 2763 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2075 7369 6e67 'core.img' using\n+0003bac0: 2074 6865 2027 2d2d 7075 626b 6579 2720 the '--pubkey' \n+0003bad0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 2767 7275 622d option to 'grub-\n+0003bae0: 696e 7374 616c 6c27 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 install' (*note \n+0003baf0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 622d 696e Invoking.grub-in\n+0003bb00: 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 stall::)... GR\n+0003bb10: 5542 2075 7365 7320 4750 472d 7374 796c UB uses GPG-styl\n+0003bb20: 6520 6465 7461 6368 6564 2073 6967 6e61 e detached signa\n+0003bb30: 7475 7265 7320 286d 6561 6e69 6e67 2074 tures (meaning t\n+0003bb40: 6861 7420 6120 6669 6c65 0a27 666f 6f2e hat a file.'foo.\n+0003bb50: 7369 6727 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 726f sig' will be pro\n+0003bb60: 6475 6365 6420 7768 656e 2066 696c 6520 duced when file \n+0003bb70: 2766 6f6f 2720 6973 2073 6967 6e65 6429 'foo' is signed)\n+0003bb80: 2c20 616e 6420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a , and currently.\n+0003bb90: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 2044 5341 supports the DSA\n+0003bba0: 2061 6e64 2052 5341 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 and RSA signing\n+0003bbb0: 2061 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 732e 2020 4120 algorithms. A \n+0003bbc0: 7369 676e 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6361 6e20 signing key can \n+0003bbd0: 6265 0a67 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 7320 be.generated as \n+0003bbe0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 follows:.. g\n+0003bbf0: 7067 202d 2d67 656e 2d6b 6579 0a0a 2020 pg --gen-key.. \n+0003bc00: 2041 6e20 696e 6469 7669 6475 616c 2066 An individual f\n+0003bc10: 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 ile can be signe\n+0003bc20: 6420 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 d as follows:.. \n+0003bc30: 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 gpg --detach\n+0003bc40: 2d73 6967 6e20 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f66 -sign /path/to/f\n+0003bc50: 696c 650a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 7375 6363 ile.. For succ\n+0003bc60: 6573 7366 756c 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f essful validatio\n+0003bc70: 6e20 6f66 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 4752 5542 n of all of GRUB\n+0003bc80: 2773 2073 7562 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 's subcomponents\n+0003bc90: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 and the.loaded \n+0003bca0: 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2074 6865 7920 OS kernel, they \n+0003bcb0: 6d75 7374 2061 6c6c 2062 6520 7369 676e must all be sign\n+0003bcc0: 6564 2e20 204f 6e65 2077 6179 2074 6f20 ed. One way to \n+0003bcd0: 6163 636f 6d70 6c69 7368 2074 6869 730a accomplish this.\n+0003bce0: 6973 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 is the following\n+0003bcf0: 2028 6166 7465 7220 6861 7669 6e67 2061 (after having a\n+0003bd00: 6c72 6561 6479 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 lready produced \n+0003bd10: 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 2767 7275 the desired 'gru\n+0003bd20: 622e 6366 6727 0a66 696c 652c 2065 2e67 b.cfg'.file, e.g\n+0003bd30: 2e2c 2062 7920 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 2767 ., by running 'g\n+0003bd40: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2720 282a rub-mkconfig' (*\n+0003bd50: 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 note Invoking gr\n+0003bd60: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 3a29 3a0a ub-mkconfig::):.\n+0003bd70: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 4564 6974 202f 6465 . # Edit /de\n+0003bd80: 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 v/shm/passphrase\n+0003bd90: 2e74 7874 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 .txt to contain \n+0003bda0: 796f 7572 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 206b 6579 your signing key\n+0003bdb0: 2773 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 650a 2020 's passphrase. \n+0003bdc0: 2020 2066 6f72 2069 2069 6e20 6066 696e for i in `fin\n+0003bdd0: 6420 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d6e 616d 6520 222a d /boot -name \"*\n+0003bde0: 2e63 6667 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 .cfg\" -or -name \n+0003bdf0: 222a 2e6c 7374 2220 2d6f 7220 5c0a 2020 \"*.lst\" -or \\. \n+0003be00: 2020 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e 6d6f -name \"*.mo\n+0003be10: 6422 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 766d d\" -or -name \"vm\n+0003be20: 6c69 6e75 7a2a 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d linuz*\" -or -nam\n+0003be30: 6520 2269 6e69 7472 642a 2220 2d6f 7220 e \"initrd*\" -or \n+0003be40: 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 \\. -name \"\n+0003be50: 6772 7562 656e 7622 603b 0a20 2020 2020 grubenv\"`;. \n+0003be60: 646f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d do. gpg --\n+0003be70: 6261 7463 6820 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 2d73 batch --detach-s\n+0003be80: 6967 6e20 2d2d 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 ign --passphrase\n+0003be90: 2d66 6420 3020 2469 203c 205c 0a20 2020 -fd 0 $i < \\. \n+0003bea0: 2020 2020 2020 2f64 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 /dev/shm/p\n+0003beb0: 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 7478 740a 2020 assphrase.txt. \n+0003bec0: 2020 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2073 6872 done. shr\n+0003bed0: 6564 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 ed /dev/shm/pass\n+0003bee0: 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 0a0a 2020 2053 phrase.txt.. S\n+0003bef0: 6565 2061 6c73 6f3a 202a 6e6f 7465 2063 ee also: *note c\n+0003bf00: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a heck_signatures:\n+0003bf10: 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2076 6572 6966 795f :, *note verify_\n+0003bf20: 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 detached::, *not\n+0003bf30: 650a 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 e.trust::, *note\n+0003bf40: 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a2c list_trusted::,\n+0003bf50: 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a *note distrust:\n+0003bf60: 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f61 645f 656e :, *note load_en\n+0003bf70: 763a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6176 655f v::, *note.save_\n+0003bf80: 656e 763a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 env::... Note \n+0003bf90: 7468 6174 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 that internally \n+0003bfa0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 656e 666f 7263 signature enforc\n+0003bfb0: 656d 656e 7420 6973 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c ement is control\n+0003bfc0: 6c65 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 led by setting.t\n+0003bfd0: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 he environment v\n+0003bfe0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 2763 6865 636b 5f73 ariable 'check_s\n+0003bff0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7327 2065 7175 616c ignatures' equal\n+0003c000: 2074 6f20 2765 6e66 6f72 6365 272e 2020 to 'enforce'. \n+0003c010: 5061 7373 696e 670a 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d Passing.one or m\n+0003c020: 6f72 6520 272d 2d70 7562 6b65 7927 206f ore '--pubkey' o\n+0003c030: 7074 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 2767 7275 622d ptions to 'grub-\n+0003c040: 6d6b 696d 6167 6527 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 mkimage' implici\n+0003c050: 746c 7920 6465 6669 6e65 730a 2763 6865 tly defines.'che\n+0003c060: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7327 2065 ck_signatures' e\n+0003c070: 7175 616c 2074 6f20 2765 6e66 6f72 6365 qual to 'enforce\n+0003c080: 2720 696e 2027 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2720 ' in 'core.img' \n+0003c090: 7072 696f 7220 746f 2070 726f 6365 7373 prior to process\n+0003c0a0: 696e 670a 616e 7920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ing.any configur\n+0003c0b0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 ation files... \n+0003c0c0: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2073 6967 6e61 Note that signa\n+0003c0d0: 7475 7265 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 646f ture checking do\n+0003c0e0: 6573 202a 6e6f 742a 2070 7265 7665 6e74 es *not* prevent\n+0003c0f0: 2061 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 2077 6974 an attacker wit\n+0003c100: 680a 2873 6572 6961 6c2c 2070 6879 7369 h.(serial, physi\n+0003c110: 6361 6c2c 202e 2e2e 2920 2063 6f6e 736f cal, ...) conso\n+0003c120: 6c65 2061 6363 6573 7320 6672 6f6d 2064 le access from d\n+0003c130: 726f 7070 696e 6720 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 ropping manually\n+0003c140: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 4752 5542 2063 6f6e to the.GRUB con\n+0003c150: 736f 6c65 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7469 sole and executi\n+0003c160: 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 6368 ng:.. set ch\n+0003c170: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3d6e eck_signatures=n\n+0003c180: 6f0a 0a20 2020 546f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 o.. To prevent\n+0003c190: 2074 6869 732c 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642d this, password-\n+0003c1a0: 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 protection (*not\n+0003c1b0: 6520 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e e Authentication\n+0003c1c0: 2061 6e64 0a61 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 and.authorisati\n+0003c1d0: 6f6e 3a3a 2920 6973 2065 7373 656e 7469 on::) is essenti\n+0003c1e0: 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2065 al. Note that e\n+0003c1f0: 7665 6e20 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 7061 ven with GRUB pa\n+0003c200: 7373 776f 7264 0a70 726f 7465 6374 696f ssword.protectio\n+0003c210: 6e2c 2047 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 2063 n, GRUB itself c\n+0003c220: 616e 6e6f 7420 7072 6576 656e 7420 736f annot prevent so\n+0003c230: 6d65 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 2070 6879 7369 meone with physi\n+0003c240: 6361 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f0a 7468 cal access to.th\n+0003c250: 6520 6d61 6368 696e 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 e machine from a\n+0003c260: 6c74 6572 696e 6720 7468 6174 206d 6163 ltering that mac\n+0003c270: 6869 6e65 2773 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 hine's firmware \n+0003c280: 2865 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 (e.g., Coreboot \n+0003c290: 6f72 0a42 494f 5329 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 or.BIOS) configu\n+0003c2a0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 6361 7573 6520 ration to cause \n+0003c2b0: 7468 6520 6d61 6368 696e 6520 746f 2062 the machine to b\n+0003c2c0: 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 2064 6966 6665 oot from a diffe\n+0003c2d0: 7265 6e74 0a28 6174 7461 636b 6572 2d63 rent.(attacker-c\n+0003c2e0: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6429 2064 6576 6963 ontrolled) devic\n+0003c2f0: 652e 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 6174 2062 e. GRUB is at b\n+0003c300: 6573 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206c 696e est only one lin\n+0003c310: 6b20 696e 2061 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f k in a secure.bo\n+0003c320: 6f74 2063 6861 696e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ot chain.....Fil\n+0003c330: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003c340: 6f64 653a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 ode: UEFI secure\n+0003c350: 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 2c20 boot and shim, \n+0003c360: 204e 6578 743a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f Next: Secure Bo\n+0003c370: 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 ot Advanced Targ\n+0003c380: 6574 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5573 eting, Prev: Us\n+0003c390: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital sign\n+0003c3a0: 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 atures, Up: Sec\n+0003c3b0: 7572 6974 790a 0a31 382e 3320 5545 4649 urity..18.3 UEFI\n+0003c3c0: 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 secure boot and\n+0003c3d0: 2073 6869 6d20 7375 7070 6f72 740a 3d3d shim support.==\n 0003c3e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0003c3f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003c400: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2c20 6578 ==..The GRUB, ex\n-0003c410: 6365 7074 2074 6865 2027 6368 6169 6e6c cept the 'chainl\n-0003c420: 6f61 6465 7227 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 oader' command, \n-0003c430: 776f 726b 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 2055 works with the U\n-0003c440: 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 EFI secure.boot \n-0003c450: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7368 696d 2e20 2054 and the shim. T\n-0003c460: 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 his functionalit\n-0003c470: 7920 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 y is provided by\n-0003c480: 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 0a76 the shim_lock.v\n-0003c490: 6572 6966 6965 722e 2020 4974 2069 7320 erifier. It is \n-0003c4a0: 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2027 built into the '\n-0003c4b0: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2720 616e 6420 6973 core.img' and is\n-0003c4c0: 2072 6567 6973 7465 7265 6420 6966 2074 registered if t\n-0003c4d0: 6865 2055 4546 490a 7365 6375 7265 2062 he UEFI.secure b\n-0003c4e0: 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 oot is enabled. \n-0003c4f0: 2054 6865 2027 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b27 The 'shim_lock'\n-0003c500: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n-0003c510: 2074 6f20 2779 2720 7768 656e 0a73 6869 to 'y' when.shi\n-0003c520: 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2076 6572 6966 6965 7220 m_lock verifier \n-0003c530: 6973 2072 6567 6973 7465 7265 642e 2020 is registered. \n-0003c540: 4966 2069 7420 6973 2064 6573 6972 6564 If it is desired\n-0003c550: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 to use UEFI sec\n-0003c560: 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2077 6974 686f 7574 ure.boot without\n-0003c570: 2073 6869 6d2c 206f 6e65 2063 616e 2064 shim, one can d\n-0003c580: 6973 6162 6c65 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b isable shim_lock\n-0003c590: 2062 7920 6469 7361 626c 696e 6720 7368 by disabling sh\n-0003c5a0: 696d 0a76 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 im.verification \n-0003c5b0: 7769 7468 204d 6f6b 5362 5374 6174 6520 with MokSbState \n-0003c5c0: 5545 4649 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6f72 UEFI variable or\n-0003c5d0: 2062 7920 6275 696c 6469 6e67 2067 7275 by building gru\n-0003c5e0: 6220 696d 6167 650a 7769 7468 2027 2d2d b image.with '--\n-0003c5f0: 6469 7361 626c 652d 7368 696d 2d6c 6f63 disable-shim-loc\n-0003c600: 6b27 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2041 k' option... A\n-0003c610: 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 ll GRUB modules \n-0003c620: 6e6f 7420 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 7468 not stored in th\n-0003c630: 6520 2763 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2c20 4f53 e 'core.img', OS\n-0003c640: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 4143 5049 0a74 kernels, ACPI.t\n-0003c650: 6162 6c65 732c 2044 6576 6963 6520 5472 ables, Device Tr\n-0003c660: 6565 732c 2065 7463 2e20 2068 6176 6520 ees, etc. have \n-0003c670: 746f 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 2c20 652e to be signed, e.\n-0003c680: 672c 2075 7369 6e67 2050 4750 2e0a 4164 g, using PGP..Ad\n-0003c690: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 ditionally, the \n-0003c6a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 6361 commands that ca\n-0003c6b0: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7562 n be used to sub\n-0003c6c0: 7665 7274 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 vert the UEFI se\n-0003c6d0: 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 6d65 6368 616e cure.boot mechan\n-0003c6e0: 6973 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2027 696f ism, such as 'io\n-0003c6f0: 7277 2720 616e 6420 276d 656d 7277 2720 rw' and 'memrw' \n-0003c700: 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 6169 will not be avai\n-0003c710: 6c61 626c 6520 7768 656e 0a74 6865 2055 lable when.the U\n-0003c720: 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 EFI secure boot \n-0003c730: 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2054 6869 is enabled. Thi\n-0003c740: 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 666f 7220 7365 s is done for se\n-0003c750: 6375 7269 7479 2072 6561 736f 6e73 2061 curity reasons a\n-0003c760: 6e64 0a61 7265 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 nd.are enforced \n-0003c770: 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 4c6f 636b by the GRUB Lock\n-0003c780: 646f 776e 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2028 down mechanism (\n-0003c790: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a *note Lockdown::\n-0003c7a0: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-0003c7b0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 .info, Node: Se\n-0003c7c0: 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 cure Boot Advanc\n-0003c7d0: 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 204e ed Targeting, N\n-0003c7e0: 6578 743a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f ext: Measured Bo\n-0003c7f0: 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2055 4546 4920 ot, Prev: UEFI \n-0003c800: 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 secure boot and \n-0003c810: 7368 696d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 shim, Up: Secur\n-0003c820: 6974 790a 0a31 382e 3420 456d 6265 6464 ity..18.4 Embedd\n-0003c830: 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 ed information f\n-0003c840: 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 or generation nu\n-0003c850: 6d62 6572 2062 6173 6564 2072 6576 6f63 mber based revoc\n-0003c860: 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ation.==========\n+0003c400: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2c20 ====..The GRUB, \n+0003c410: 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 2027 6368 6169 except the 'chai\n+0003c420: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7227 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nloader' command\n+0003c430: 2c20 776f 726b 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 , works with the\n+0003c440: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f UEFI secure.boo\n+0003c450: 7420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7368 696d 2e20 t and the shim. \n+0003c460: 2054 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c This functional\n+0003c470: 6974 7920 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 ity is provided \n+0003c480: 6279 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b by the shim_lock\n+0003c490: 0a76 6572 6966 6965 722e 2020 4974 2069 .verifier. It i\n+0003c4a0: 7320 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f 2074 6865 s built into the\n+0003c4b0: 2027 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2720 616e 6420 'core.img' and \n+0003c4c0: 6973 2072 6567 6973 7465 7265 6420 6966 is registered if\n+0003c4d0: 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a 7365 6375 7265 the UEFI.secure\n+0003c4e0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 boot is enabled\n+0003c4f0: 2e20 2054 6865 2027 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 . The 'shim_loc\n+0003c500: 6b27 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 k' variable is s\n+0003c510: 6574 2074 6f20 2779 2720 7768 656e 0a73 et to 'y' when.s\n+0003c520: 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2076 6572 6966 6965 him_lock verifie\n+0003c530: 7220 6973 2072 6567 6973 7465 7265 642e r is registered.\n+0003c540: 2020 4966 2069 7420 6973 2064 6573 6972 If it is desir\n+0003c550: 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 5545 4649 2073 ed to use UEFI s\n+0003c560: 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2077 6974 686f ecure.boot witho\n+0003c570: 7574 2073 6869 6d2c 206f 6e65 2063 616e ut shim, one can\n+0003c580: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f disable shim_lo\n+0003c590: 636b 2062 7920 6469 7361 626c 696e 6720 ck by disabling \n+0003c5a0: 7368 696d 0a76 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f shim.verificatio\n+0003c5b0: 6e20 7769 7468 204d 6f6b 5362 5374 6174 n with MokSbStat\n+0003c5c0: 6520 5545 4649 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e UEFI variable \n+0003c5d0: 6f72 2062 7920 6275 696c 6469 6e67 2067 or by building g\n+0003c5e0: 7275 6220 696d 6167 650a 7769 7468 2027 rub image.with '\n+0003c5f0: 2d2d 6469 7361 626c 652d 7368 696d 2d6c --disable-shim-l\n+0003c600: 6f63 6b27 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 ock' option... \n+0003c610: 2041 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 All GRUB module\n+0003c620: 7320 6e6f 7420 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 s not stored in \n+0003c630: 7468 6520 2763 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2c20 the 'core.img', \n+0003c640: 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 4143 5049 OS kernels, ACPI\n+0003c650: 0a74 6162 6c65 732c 2044 6576 6963 6520 .tables, Device \n+0003c660: 5472 6565 732c 2065 7463 2e20 2068 6176 Trees, etc. hav\n+0003c670: 6520 746f 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 2c20 e to be signed, \n+0003c680: 652e 672c 2075 7369 6e67 2050 4750 2e0a e.g, using PGP..\n+0003c690: 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 Additionally, th\n+0003c6a0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 e commands that \n+0003c6b0: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 can be used to s\n+0003c6c0: 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 ubvert the UEFI \n+0003c6d0: 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 6d65 6368 secure.boot mech\n+0003c6e0: 616e 6973 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2027 anism, such as '\n+0003c6f0: 696f 7277 2720 616e 6420 276d 656d 7277 iorw' and 'memrw\n+0003c700: 2720 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 ' will not be av\n+0003c710: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7768 656e 0a74 6865 ailable when.the\n+0003c720: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f UEFI secure boo\n+0003c730: 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2054 t is enabled. T\n+0003c740: 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 666f 7220 his is done for \n+0003c750: 7365 6375 7269 7479 2072 6561 736f 6e73 security reasons\n+0003c760: 2061 6e64 0a61 7265 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 and.are enforce\n+0003c770: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 4c6f d by the GRUB Lo\n+0003c780: 636b 646f 776e 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d ckdown mechanism\n+0003c790: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4c6f 636b 646f 776e (*note Lockdown\n+0003c7a0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n+0003c7b0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003c7c0: 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 Secure Boot Adva\n+0003c7d0: 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 nced Targeting, \n+0003c7e0: 204e 6578 743a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 Next: Measured \n+0003c7f0: 426f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2055 4546 Boot, Prev: UEF\n+0003c800: 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e I secure boot an\n+0003c810: 6420 7368 696d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 d shim, Up: Sec\n+0003c820: 7572 6974 790a 0a31 382e 3420 456d 6265 urity..18.4 Embe\n+0003c830: 6464 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e dded information\n+0003c840: 2066 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 for generation \n+0003c850: 6e75 6d62 6572 2062 6173 6564 2072 6576 number based rev\n+0003c860: 6f63 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ocation.========\n 0003c870: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0003c880: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0003c890: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003c8a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 5365 6375 ======..The Secu\n-0003c8b0: 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 re Boot Advanced\n-0003c8c0: 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2028 5342 4154 Targeting (SBAT\n-0003c8d0: 2920 6973 2061 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d ) is a mechanism\n-0003c8e0: 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 650a 7265 to allow the.re\n-0003c8f0: 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 636f 6d70 vocation of comp\n-0003c900: 6f6e 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f onents in the bo\n-0003c910: 6f74 2070 6174 6820 6279 2075 7369 6e67 ot path by using\n-0003c920: 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 generation numb\n-0003c930: 6572 730a 656d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e74 ers.embedded int\n-0003c940: 6f20 7468 6520 4546 4920 6269 6e61 7269 o the EFI binari\n-0003c950: 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2053 4241 5420 6d65 es. The SBAT me\n-0003c960: 7461 6461 7461 2069 7320 6c6f 6361 7465 tadata is locate\n-0003c970: 6420 696e 2061 6e0a 2e73 6261 7420 6461 d in an..sbat da\n-0003c980: 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 ta section that \n-0003c990: 6861 7320 7365 7420 6f66 2055 5446 2d38 has set of UTF-8\n-0003c9a0: 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 7320 636f 6d6d strings as comm\n-0003c9b0: 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 640a 7661 6c75 a-separated.valu\n-0003c9c0: 6573 2028 4353 5629 2e20 5365 6520 3c68 es (CSV). See \n-0003ca00: 2066 6f72 0a6d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c for.more detail\n-0003ca10: 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6164 6420 6120 s... To add a \n-0003ca20: 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6e data section con\n-0003ca30: 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 5342 4154 taining the SBAT\n-0003ca40: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 6e74 information int\n-0003ca50: 6f20 7468 650a 6269 6e61 7279 2c20 7468 o the.binary, th\n-0003ca60: 6520 272d 2d73 6261 7427 206f 7074 696f e '--sbat' optio\n-0003ca70: 6e20 6f66 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 n of 'grub-mkima\n-0003ca80: 6765 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7368 6f75 ge' command shou\n-0003ca90: 6c64 2062 6520 7573 6564 2e0a 5468 6520 ld be used..The \n-0003caa0: 636f 6e74 656e 7420 6f66 2061 2043 5356 content of a CSV\n-0003cab0: 2066 696c 652c 2065 6e63 6f64 6564 2077 file, encoded w\n-0003cac0: 6974 6820 5554 462d 382c 2069 7320 636f ith UTF-8, is co\n-0003cad0: 7069 6564 2061 7320 6973 2074 6f20 7468 pied as is to th\n-0003cae0: 650a 2e73 6261 7420 6461 7461 2073 6563 e..sbat data sec\n-0003caf0: 7469 6f6e 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6765 tion into the ge\n-0003cb00: 6e65 7261 7465 6420 4546 4920 6269 6e61 nerated EFI bina\n-0003cb10: 7279 2e20 2054 6865 2043 5356 2066 696c ry. The CSV fil\n-0003cb20: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 0a73 746f 7265 6420 e can be.stored \n-0003cb30: 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f 6e20 7468 6520 anywhere on the \n-0003cb40: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 file system... \n-0003cb50: 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 6520 grub-mkimage \n-0003cb60: 2d4f 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6920 2d6f -O x86_64-efi -o\n-0003cb70: 2067 7275 6278 3634 2e65 6669 202d 7020 grubx64.efi -p \n-0003cb80: 2728 7466 7470 292f 6772 7562 2720 2d2d '(tftp)/grub' --\n-0003cb90: 7362 6174 2073 6261 742e 6373 7620 6566 sbat sbat.csv ef\n-0003cba0: 696e 6574 2074 6674 700a 0a1f 0a46 696c inet tftp....Fil\n-0003cbb0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003cbc0: 6f64 653a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f ode: Measured Bo\n-0003cbd0: 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f63 6b64 ot, Next: Lockd\n-0003cbe0: 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 6375 own, Prev: Secu\n-0003cbf0: 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 re Boot Advanced\n-0003cc00: 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a Targeting, Up:\n-0003cc10: 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 382e 3520 Security..18.5 \n-0003cc20: 4d65 6173 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 2063 Measuring boot c\n-0003cc30: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d omponents.======\n+0003c8a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 5365 ========..The Se\n+0003c8b0: 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 cure Boot Advanc\n+0003c8c0: 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2028 5342 ed Targeting (SB\n+0003c8d0: 4154 2920 6973 2061 206d 6563 6861 6e69 AT) is a mechani\n+0003c8e0: 736d 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 650a sm to allow the.\n+0003c8f0: 7265 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 636f revocation of co\n+0003c900: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 mponents in the \n+0003c910: 626f 6f74 2070 6174 6820 6279 2075 7369 boot path by usi\n+0003c920: 6e67 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 ng generation nu\n+0003c930: 6d62 6572 730a 656d 6265 6464 6564 2069 mbers.embedded i\n+0003c940: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 4546 4920 6269 6e61 nto the EFI bina\n+0003c950: 7269 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2053 4241 5420 ries. The SBAT \n+0003c960: 6d65 7461 6461 7461 2069 7320 6c6f 6361 metadata is loca\n+0003c970: 7465 6420 696e 2061 6e0a 2e73 6261 7420 ted in an..sbat \n+0003c980: 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2074 6861 data section tha\n+0003c990: 7420 6861 7320 7365 7420 6f66 2055 5446 t has set of UTF\n+0003c9a0: 2d38 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 7320 636f -8 strings as co\n+0003c9b0: 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 640a 7661 mma-separated.va\n+0003c9c0: 6c75 6573 2028 4353 5629 2e20 5365 6520 lues (CSV). See \n+0003c9d0: 3c68 7474 7073 3a2f 2f67 6974 6875 622e for.more deta\n+0003ca10: 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6164 6420 ils... To add \n+0003ca20: 6120 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2063 a data section c\n+0003ca30: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 5342 ontaining the SB\n+0003ca40: 4154 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 AT information i\n+0003ca50: 6e74 6f20 7468 650a 6269 6e61 7279 2c20 nto the.binary, \n+0003ca60: 7468 6520 272d 2d73 6261 7427 206f 7074 the '--sbat' opt\n+0003ca70: 696f 6e20 6f66 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 ion of 'grub-mki\n+0003ca80: 6d61 6765 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7368 mage' command sh\n+0003ca90: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7573 6564 2e0a 5468 ould be used..Th\n+0003caa0: 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7420 6f66 2061 2043 e content of a C\n+0003cab0: 5356 2066 696c 652c 2065 6e63 6f64 6564 SV file, encoded\n+0003cac0: 2077 6974 6820 5554 462d 382c 2069 7320 with UTF-8, is \n+0003cad0: 636f 7069 6564 2061 7320 6973 2074 6f20 copied as is to \n+0003cae0: 7468 650a 2e73 6261 7420 6461 7461 2073 the..sbat data s\n+0003caf0: 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 ection into the \n+0003cb00: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 4546 4920 6269 generated EFI bi\n+0003cb10: 6e61 7279 2e20 2054 6865 2043 5356 2066 nary. The CSV f\n+0003cb20: 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 0a73 746f 7265 ile can be.store\n+0003cb30: 6420 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f 6e20 7468 d anywhere on th\n+0003cb40: 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a e file system...\n+0003cb50: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 grub-mkimag\n+0003cb60: 6520 2d4f 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6920 e -O x86_64-efi \n+0003cb70: 2d6f 2067 7275 6278 3634 2e65 6669 202d -o grubx64.efi -\n+0003cb80: 7020 2728 7466 7470 292f 6772 7562 2720 p '(tftp)/grub' \n+0003cb90: 2d2d 7362 6174 2073 6261 742e 6373 7620 --sbat sbat.csv \n+0003cba0: 6566 696e 6574 2074 6674 700a 0a1f 0a46 efinet tftp....F\n+0003cbb0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003cbc0: 204e 6f64 653a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 Node: Measured \n+0003cbd0: 426f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f63 Boot, Next: Loc\n+0003cbe0: 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 kdown, Prev: Se\n+0003cbf0: 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 cure Boot Advanc\n+0003cc00: 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 ed Targeting, U\n+0003cc10: 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 382e p: Security..18.\n+0003cc20: 3520 4d65 6173 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 5 Measuring boot\n+0003cc30: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 730a 3d3d 3d3d components.====\n 0003cc40: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003cc50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 ========..If the\n-0003cc60: 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206c tpm module is l\n-0003cc70: 6f61 6465 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 706c oaded and the pl\n-0003cc80: 6174 666f 726d 2068 6173 2061 2054 7275 atform has a Tru\n-0003cc90: 7374 6564 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 4d6f sted Platform.Mo\n-0003cca0: 6475 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2c20 dule installed, \n-0003ccb0: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6c6f 6720 6561 GRUB will log ea\n-0003ccc0: 6368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2065 7865 6375 ch command execu\n-0003ccd0: 7465 6420 616e 6420 6561 6368 2066 696c ted and each fil\n-0003cce0: 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 e.loaded into th\n-0003ccf0: 6520 5450 4d20 6576 656e 7420 6c6f 6720 e TPM event log \n-0003cd00: 616e 6420 6578 7465 6e64 2074 6865 2050 and extend the P\n-0003cd10: 4352 2076 616c 7565 7320 696e 2074 6865 CR values in the\n-0003cd20: 2054 504d 0a63 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 TPM.correspondi\n-0003cd30: 6e67 6c79 2e20 2041 6c6c 2065 7665 6e74 ngly. All event\n-0003cd40: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 s will be logged\n-0003cd50: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 5043 5220 6465 into the PCR de\n-0003cd60: 7363 7269 6265 6420 6265 6c6f 770a 7769 scribed below.wi\n-0003cd70: 7468 2061 2074 7970 6520 6f66 2045 565f th a type of EV_\n-0003cd80: 4950 4c20 616e 6420 616e 2065 7665 6e74 IPL and an event\n-0003cd90: 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2061 7320 description as \n-0003cda0: 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 6265 6c6f 772e described below.\n-0003cdb0: 0a0a 4576 656e 7420 7479 7065 2020 2020 ..Event type \n-0003cdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 4352 2020 2020 PCR \n-0003cdd0: 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d Description.---\n+0003cc50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 ==========..If t\n+0003cc60: 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 he tpm module is\n+0003cc70: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 loaded and the \n+0003cc80: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2068 6173 2061 2054 platform has a T\n+0003cc90: 7275 7374 6564 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a rusted Platform.\n+0003cca0: 4d6f 6475 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 Module installed\n+0003ccb0: 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6c6f 6720 , GRUB will log \n+0003ccc0: 6561 6368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2065 7865 each command exe\n+0003ccd0: 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 6561 6368 2066 cuted and each f\n+0003cce0: 696c 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 ile.loaded into \n+0003ccf0: 7468 6520 5450 4d20 6576 656e 7420 6c6f the TPM event lo\n+0003cd00: 6720 616e 6420 6578 7465 6e64 2074 6865 g and extend the\n+0003cd10: 2050 4352 2076 616c 7565 7320 696e 2074 PCR values in t\n+0003cd20: 6865 2054 504d 0a63 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e he TPM.correspon\n+0003cd30: 6469 6e67 6c79 2e20 2041 6c6c 2065 7665 dingly. All eve\n+0003cd40: 6e74 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 nts will be logg\n+0003cd50: 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 5043 5220 ed into the PCR \n+0003cd60: 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 6265 6c6f 770a described below.\n+0003cd70: 7769 7468 2061 2074 7970 6520 6f66 2045 with a type of E\n+0003cd80: 565f 4950 4c20 616e 6420 616e 2065 7665 V_IPL and an eve\n+0003cd90: 6e74 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2061 nt description a\n+0003cda0: 7320 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 6265 6c6f s described belo\n+0003cdb0: 772e 0a0a 4576 656e 7420 7479 7065 2020 w...Event type \n+0003cdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 4352 2020 PCR \n+0003cdd0: 2020 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 0a2d Description.-\n 0003cde0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0003cdf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0003ce00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 0003ce10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003ce20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 --------.Command\n-0003ce30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003ce40: 3820 2020 2020 2020 416c 6c20 6578 6563 8 All exec\n-0003ce50: 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 2869 uted commands (i\n-0003ce60: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 686f 7365 0a20 ncluding those. \n-0003ce70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003ce80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6672 fr\n-0003ce90: 6f6d 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e om configuration\n-0003cea0: 2066 696c 6573 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 files) will be \n-0003ceb0: 6c6f 6767 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 logged. \n+0003ce20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a43 6f6d 6d61 ----------.Comma\n+0003ce30: 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nd \n+0003ce40: 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 416c 6c20 6578 8 All ex\n+0003ce50: 6563 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 ecuted commands \n+0003ce60: 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 686f 7365 (including those\n+0003ce70: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0003ce80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0003ce90: 6672 6f6d 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 from configurati\n+0003cea0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 on files) will b\n+0003ceb0: 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e logged. \n 0003cec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003ced0: 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 6d65 6173 7572 and measur\n-0003cee0: 6564 2061 7320 656e 7465 7265 6420 7769 ed as entered wi\n-0003cef0: 7468 2061 2070 7265 6669 7820 6f66 0a20 th a prefix of. \n-0003cf00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003cf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2267 \"g\n-0003cf20: 7275 625f 636d 643a 2022 0a4b 6572 6e65 rub_cmd: \".Kerne\n-0003cf30: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2020 l command line \n-0003cf40: 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 416e 7920 636f 8 Any co\n-0003cf50: 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2070 6173 7365 mmand line passe\n-0003cf60: 6420 746f 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 d to a kernel wi\n-0003cf70: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ll. \n+0003ced0: 2020 2020 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an\n+0003cfa0: 6420 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2061 7320 656e d measured as en\n+0003cfb0: 7465 7265 6420 7769 7468 2061 0a20 2020 tered with a. \n 0003cfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003cfd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6566 6978 prefix\n-0003cfe0: 206f 6620 226b 6572 6e65 6c5f 636d 646c of \"kernel_cmdl\n-0003cff0: 696e 653a 2022 0a4d 6f64 756c 6520 636f ine: \".Module co\n-0003d000: 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2020 2020 3820 mmand line 8 \n-0003d010: 2020 2020 2020 416e 7920 636f 6d6d 616e Any comman\n-0003d020: 6420 6c69 6e65 2070 6173 7365 6420 746f d line passed to\n-0003d030: 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 a kernel. \n+0003cfd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6566 pref\n+0003cfe0: 6978 206f 6620 226b 6572 6e65 6c5f 636d ix of \"kernel_cm\n+0003cff0: 646c 696e 653a 2022 0a4d 6f64 756c 6520 dline: \".Module \n+0003d000: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2020 2020 command line \n+0003d010: 3820 2020 2020 2020 416e 7920 636f 6d6d 8 Any comm\n+0003d020: 616e 6420 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6c73 6f20 GRUB will also \n-0003d220: 6e6f 7420 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 616e 790a not perform any.\n-0003d230: 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 2075 6e74 measurements unt\n-0003d240: 696c 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c il the tpm modul\n-0003d250: 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 4173 e is loaded. As\n-0003d260: 2073 7563 6820 6974 2069 7320 7265 636f such it is reco\n-0003d270: 6d6d 656e 6465 640a 7468 6174 2074 6865 mmended.that the\n-0003d280: 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6265 2062 tpm module be b\n-0003d290: 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 2763 6f72 652e uilt into 'core.\n-0003d2a0: 696d 6727 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f img' in order to\n-0003d2b0: 2061 766f 6964 2061 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 avoid a.potenti\n-0003d2c0: 616c 2067 6170 2069 6e20 6d65 6173 7572 al gap in measur\n-0003d2d0: 656d 656e 7420 6265 7477 6565 6e20 2763 ement between 'c\n-0003d2e0: 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2062 6569 6e67 206c ore.img' being l\n-0003d2f0: 6f61 6465 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7470 oaded and the tp\n-0003d300: 6d0a 6d6f 6475 6c65 2062 6569 6e67 206c m.module being l\n-0003d310: 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 204d 6561 7375 oaded... Measu\n-0003d320: 7265 6420 626f 6f74 2069 7320 6375 7272 red boot is curr\n-0003d330: 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 706f ently only suppo\n-0003d340: 7274 6564 206f 6e20 4546 4920 706c 6174 rted on EFI plat\n-0003d350: 666f 726d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 forms.....File: \n-0003d360: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0003d370: 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2050 7265 : Lockdown, Pre\n-0003d380: 763a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 v: Measured Boot\n-0003d390: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a , Up: Security.\n-0003d3a0: 0a31 382e 3620 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2077 .18.6 Lockdown w\n-0003d3b0: 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 hen booting on a\n-0003d3c0: 2073 6563 7572 6520 7365 7475 700a 3d3d secure setup.==\n+0003d190: 2020 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 corresponding \n+0003d1a0: 746f 2074 6865 2066 696c 656e 616d 652e to the filename.\n+0003d1b0: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 206e .. GRUB will n\n+0003d1c0: 6f74 206d 6561 7375 7265 2069 7473 206f ot measure its o\n+0003d1d0: 776e 2027 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2720 2d20 wn 'core.img' - \n+0003d1e0: 6974 2069 7320 6578 7065 6374 6564 2074 it is expected t\n+0003d1f0: 6861 740a 6669 726d 7761 7265 2077 696c hat.firmware wil\n+0003d200: 6c20 6361 7272 7920 7468 6973 206f 7574 l carry this out\n+0003d210: 2e20 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2061 6c73 . GRUB will als\n+0003d220: 6f20 6e6f 7420 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 616e o not perform an\n+0003d230: 790a 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 2075 y.measurements u\n+0003d240: 6e74 696c 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 ntil the tpm mod\n+0003d250: 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 ule is loaded. \n+0003d260: 4173 2073 7563 6820 6974 2069 7320 7265 As such it is re\n+0003d270: 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 640a 7468 6174 2074 commended.that t\n+0003d280: 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6265 he tpm module be\n+0003d290: 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 2763 6f72 built into 'cor\n+0003d2a0: 652e 696d 6727 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 e.img' in order \n+0003d2b0: 746f 2061 766f 6964 2061 0a70 6f74 656e to avoid a.poten\n+0003d2c0: 7469 616c 2067 6170 2069 6e20 6d65 6173 tial gap in meas\n+0003d2d0: 7572 656d 656e 7420 6265 7477 6565 6e20 urement between \n+0003d2e0: 2763 6f72 652e 696d 6727 2062 6569 6e67 'core.img' being\n+0003d2f0: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 loaded and the \n+0003d300: 7470 6d0a 6d6f 6475 6c65 2062 6569 6e67 tpm.module being\n+0003d310: 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 204d 6561 loaded... Mea\n+0003d320: 7375 7265 6420 626f 6f74 2069 7320 6375 sured boot is cu\n+0003d330: 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 rrently only sup\n+0003d340: 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e20 4546 4920 706c ported on EFI pl\n+0003d350: 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 atforms.....File\n+0003d360: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0003d370: 6465 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2050 de: Lockdown, P\n+0003d380: 7265 763a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f rev: Measured Bo\n+0003d390: 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 ot, Up: Securit\n+0003d3a0: 790a 0a31 382e 3620 4c6f 636b 646f 776e y..18.6 Lockdown\n+0003d3b0: 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6f6e when booting on\n+0003d3c0: 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 7365 7475 700a a secure setup.\n 0003d3d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0003d3e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003d3f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-0003d400: 4752 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 636b GRUB can be lock\n-0003d410: 6564 2064 6f77 6e20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f ed down when boo\n-0003d420: 7465 6420 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 ted on a secure \n-0003d430: 626f 6f74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 boot environment\n-0003d440: 2c0a 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 6966 ,.for example if\n-0003d450: 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 the UEFI secure\n-0003d460: 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 boot is enabled\n-0003d470: 2e20 204f 6e20 6120 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 . On a locked d\n-0003d480: 6f77 6e0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f own.configuratio\n-0003d490: 6e2c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c n, the GRUB will\n-0003d4a0: 2062 6520 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 2061 be restricted a\n-0003d4b0: 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696f nd some operatio\n-0003d4c0: 6e73 2f63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 6361 6e6e ns/commands.cann\n-0003d4d0: 6f74 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a ot be executed..\n-0003d4e0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 276c 6f63 6b64 6f77 . The 'lockdow\n-0003d4f0: 6e27 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 n' variable is s\n-0003d500: 6574 2074 6f20 2779 2720 7768 656e 2074 et to 'y' when t\n-0003d510: 6865 2047 5255 4220 6973 206c 6f63 6b65 he GRUB is locke\n-0003d520: 6420 646f 776e 2e0a 4f74 6865 7277 6973 d down..Otherwis\n-0003d530: 6520 6974 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6578 e it does not ex\n-0003d540: 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 it.....File: gru\n-0003d550: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2050 b.info, Node: P\n-0003d560: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 latform limitati\n-0003d570: 6f6e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 506c 6174 ons, Next: Plat\n-0003d580: 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 form-specific op\n-0003d590: 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a erations, Prev:\n-0003d5a0: 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 5570 3a20 Security, Up: \n-0003d5b0: 546f 700a 0a31 3920 506c 6174 666f 726d Top..19 Platform\n-0003d5c0: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 0a2a 2a2a limitations.***\n+0003d3f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n+0003d400: 6520 4752 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f e GRUB can be lo\n+0003d410: 636b 6564 2064 6f77 6e20 7768 656e 2062 cked down when b\n+0003d420: 6f6f 7465 6420 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 ooted on a secur\n+0003d430: 6520 626f 6f74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 e boot environme\n+0003d440: 6e74 2c0a 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 nt,.for example \n+0003d450: 6966 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 if the UEFI secu\n+0003d460: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c re boot is enabl\n+0003d470: 6564 2e20 204f 6e20 6120 6c6f 636b 6564 ed. On a locked\n+0003d480: 2064 6f77 6e0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 down.configurat\n+0003d490: 696f 6e2c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7769 ion, the GRUB wi\n+0003d4a0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 ll be restricted\n+0003d4b0: 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f70 6572 6174 and some operat\n+0003d4c0: 696f 6e73 2f63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 6361 ions/commands.ca\n+0003d4d0: 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 6564 nnot be executed\n+0003d4e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 276c 6f63 6b64 ... The 'lockd\n+0003d4f0: 6f77 6e27 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 own' variable is\n+0003d500: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2779 2720 7768 656e set to 'y' when\n+0003d510: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 6973 206c 6f63 the GRUB is loc\n+0003d520: 6b65 6420 646f 776e 2e0a 4f74 6865 7277 ked down..Otherw\n+0003d530: 6973 6520 6974 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 ise it does not \n+0003d540: 6578 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 exit.....File: g\n+0003d550: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003d560: 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 Platform limita\n+0003d570: 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 506c tions, Next: Pl\n+0003d580: 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 atform-specific \n+0003d590: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 operations, Pre\n+0003d5a0: 763a 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 5570 v: Security, Up\n+0003d5b0: 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3920 506c 6174 666f : Top..19 Platfo\n+0003d5c0: 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 0a2a rm limitations.*\n 0003d5d0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0003d5e0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 3220 6973 2064 ****..GRUB2 is d\n-0003d5f0: 6573 6967 6e65 6420 746f 2062 6520 706f esigned to be po\n-0003d600: 7274 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6163 rtable and is ac\n-0003d610: 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6f72 7465 6420 6163 tually ported ac\n-0003d620: 726f 7373 0a70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 ross.platforms. \n-0003d630: 2057 6520 7472 7920 746f 206b 6565 7020 We try to keep \n-0003d640: 616c 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6174 all platforms at\n-0003d650: 2074 6865 206c 6576 656c 2e20 2055 6e66 the level. Unf\n-0003d660: 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 0a73 6f6d 6520 ortunately.some \n-0003d670: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6172 6520 6265 platforms are be\n-0003d680: 7474 6572 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2074 tter supported t\n-0003d690: 6861 6e20 6f74 6865 7273 2e20 2054 6869 han others. Thi\n-0003d6a0: 7320 6973 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 696e s is detailed in\n-0003d6b0: 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 2061 6e64 2032 2066 .current and 2 f\n-0003d6c0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 6563 7469 6f6e ollowing section\n-0003d6d0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c 2070 6c61 7466 s... All platf\n-0003d6e0: 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 6520 616e 2061 7274 orms have an art\n-0003d6f0: 6966 6963 6961 6c6c 7920 4752 5542 2069 ificially GRUB i\n-0003d700: 6d70 6f73 6564 2064 6973 6b20 7369 7a65 mposed disk size\n-0003d710: 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 restriction.of \n-0003d720: 3120 4569 422e 2049 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 1 EiB. In some c\n-0003d730: 6173 6573 2c20 6c61 7267 6572 2064 6973 ases, larger dis\n-0003d740: 6b20 7369 7a65 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2075 k sizes can be u\n-0003d750: 7365 642c 2062 7574 2061 6363 6573 7320 sed, but access \n-0003d760: 7769 6c6c 0a6e 6f74 2062 6520 616c 6c6f will.not be allo\n-0003d770: 7765 6420 6265 796f 6e64 2031 2045 6942 wed beyond 1 EiB\n-0003d780: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c55 4b53 3220 6465 7669 ... LUKS2 devi\n-0003d790: 6365 7320 7769 7468 2073 697a 6520 6c61 ces with size la\n-0003d7a0: 7267 6572 2074 6861 6e20 3136 2045 6942 rger than 16 EiB\n-0003d7b0: 2061 7265 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206e are currently n\n-0003d7c0: 6f74 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e20 2054 ot.supported. T\n-0003d7d0: 6865 7920 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 2063 hey can not be c\n-0003d7e0: 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 6372 7970 746f reated as crypto\n-0003d7f0: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 7920 6372 7970 devices by cryp\n-0003d800: 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2073 6f0a 6361 6e20 tomount, so.can \n-0003d810: 6e6f 7420 6576 656e 2062 6520 7061 7274 not even be part\n-0003d820: 6961 6c6c 7920 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d2e ially read from.\n-0003d830: 2020 4c55 4b53 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 206c LUKS have no l\n-0003d840: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 206f 7468 6572 imitations other\n-0003d850: 0a74 6861 6e20 7468 6f73 6520 696d 706f .than those impo\n-0003d860: 7365 6420 6279 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d61 sed by the forma\n-0003d870: 742e 0a0a 2020 2041 5243 2070 6c61 7466 t... ARC platf\n-0003d880: 6f72 6d20 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f orm is unable to\n-0003d890: 2063 6861 6e67 6520 6461 7465 7469 6d65 change datetime\n-0003d8a0: 2028 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 6f65 736e (firmware doesn\n-0003d8b0: 2774 2073 6565 6d20 746f 0a70 726f 7669 't seem to.provi\n-0003d8c0: 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 666f de a function fo\n-0003d8d0: 7220 6974 292e 2020 454d 5520 6861 7320 r it). EMU has \n-0003d8e0: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 similar limitati\n-0003d8f0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2045 4d55 2070 on... On EMU p\n-0003d900: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6e6f 2073 6572 6961 latform no seria\n-0003d910: 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 l port is availa\n-0003d920: 626c 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6e 736f 6c65 ble... Console\n-0003d930: 2063 6861 7273 6574 2072 6566 6572 7320 charset refers \n-0003d940: 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 6669 726d 7761 7265 only to firmware\n-0003d950: 2d61 7373 6973 7465 6420 636f 6e73 6f6c -assisted consol\n-0003d960: 652e 2020 6766 7874 6572 6d20 6973 0a61 e. gfxterm is.a\n-0003d970: 6c77 6179 7320 556e 6963 6f64 6520 2873 lways Unicode (s\n-0003d980: 6565 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c ee International\n-0003d990: 6973 6174 696f 6e20 7365 6374 696f 6e20 isation section \n-0003d9a0: 666f 7220 6974 7320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 for its limitati\n-0003d9b0: 6f6e 7329 2e0a 5365 7269 616c 2069 7320 ons)..Serial is \n-0003d9c0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 configurable to \n-0003d9d0: 5554 462d 3820 6f72 2041 5343 4949 2028 UTF-8 or ASCII (\n-0003d9e0: 7365 6520 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 see Internationa\n-0003d9f0: 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 496e 0a63 lisation). In.c\n-0003da00: 6173 6520 6f66 2071 656d 7520 616e 6420 ase of qemu and \n-0003da10: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6f72 7473 2074 coreboot ports t\n-0003da20: 6865 2072 6566 6572 6564 2063 6f6e 736f he refered conso\n-0003da30: 6c65 2069 7320 7667 615f 7465 7874 2e0a le is vga_text..\n-0003da40: 4c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2061 6c77 6179 7320 Loongson always \n-0003da50: 7573 6573 2067 6678 7465 726d 2e0a 0a20 uses gfxterm... \n-0003da60: 2020 4d6f 7374 206c 696d 6974 6564 206f Most limited o\n-0003da70: 6e65 2069 7320 4153 4349 492e 2043 5034 ne is ASCII. CP4\n-0003da80: 3337 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6164 6469 37 provides addi\n-0003da90: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a70 7365 7564 6f67 tionally.pseudog\n-0003daa0: 7261 7068 6963 732e 2020 4752 5542 3220 raphics. GRUB2 \n-0003dab0: 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7573 6520 616e 7920 doesn't use any \n-0003dac0: 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6861 7261 6374 language charact\n-0003dad0: 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 2043 5034 3337 2061 ers from CP437 a\n-0003dae0: 730a 6f66 7465 6e20 4350 3433 3720 6973 s.often CP437 is\n-0003daf0: 2072 6570 6c61 6365 6420 6279 206e 6174 replaced by nat\n-0003db00: 696f 6e61 6c20 656e 636f 6469 6e67 2063 ional encoding c\n-0003db10: 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 ompatible only i\n-0003db20: 6e0a 7073 6575 646f 6772 6170 6869 6373 n.pseudographics\n-0003db30: 2e20 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2069 7320 7468 . Unicode is th\n-0003db40: 6520 6d6f 7374 2076 6572 7361 7469 6c65 e most versatile\n-0003db50: 2063 6861 7273 6574 2077 6869 6368 2073 charset which s\n-0003db60: 7570 706f 7274 730a 6d61 6e79 206c 616e upports.many lan\n-0003db70: 6775 6167 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 guages. However\n-0003db80: 2074 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c20 636f 6e73 the actual cons\n-0003db90: 6f6c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 206d 7563 6820 ole may be much \n-0003dba0: 6d6f 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 0a64 6570 more limited.dep\n-0003dbb0: 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 6669 726d 7761 ending on firmwa\n-0003dbc0: 7265 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4249 4f53 2c20 re.. On BIOS, \n-0003dbd0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6973 2073 7570 706f network is suppo\n-0003dbe0: 7274 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2074 6865 rted only if the\n-0003dbf0: 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 image is loaded\n-0003dc00: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 0a6e 6574 776f 726b through.network\n-0003dc10: 2e20 204f 6e20 7370 6172 6336 342c 2047 . On sparc64, G\n-0003dc20: 5255 4220 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f RUB is unable to\n-0003dc30: 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 6869 6368 determine which\n-0003dc40: 2073 6572 7665 7220 6974 2077 6173 0a62 server it was.b\n-0003dc50: 6f6f 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 2e0a 0a20 2020 ooted from... \n-0003dc60: 4469 7265 6374 2041 5441 2f41 4843 4920 Direct ATA/AHCI \n-0003dc70: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 support allows t\n-0003dc80: 6f20 6369 7263 756d 7665 6e74 2076 6172 o circumvent var\n-0003dc90: 696f 7573 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 6c69 ious firmware.li\n-0003dca0: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 6973 mitations but is\n-0003dcb0: 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 206e n't needed for n\n-0003dcc0: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 ormal operation \n-0003dcd0: 6578 6365 7074 206f 6e20 6261 7265 6d65 except on bareme\n-0003dce0: 7461 6c0a 706f 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 tal.ports... A\n-0003dcf0: 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2073 7570 706f T keyboard suppo\n-0003dd00: 7274 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6b65 7962 6f61 rt allows keyboa\n-0003dd10: 7264 206c 6179 6f75 7420 7265 6d61 7070 rd layout remapp\n-0003dd20: 696e 6720 616e 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 ing and support \n-0003dd30: 666f 720a 6b65 7973 206e 6f74 2061 7661 for.keys not ava\n-0003dd40: 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2066 ilable through f\n-0003dd50: 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 4974 2069 736e irmware. It isn\n-0003dd60: 2774 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f 7220 6e6f 't needed for no\n-0003dd70: 726d 616c 0a6f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2065 rmal.operation e\n-0003dd80: 7863 6570 7420 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6c20 xcept baremetal \n-0003dd90: 706f 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 2053 7065 616b ports... Speak\n-0003dda0: 6572 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d6f 7273 6520 er allows morse \n-0003ddb0: 616e 6420 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2063 6f6d and spkmodem com\n-0003ddc0: 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 munication... \n-0003ddd0: 5553 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7072 6f76 USB support prov\n-0003dde0: 6964 6573 2062 656e 6566 6974 7320 7369 ides benefits si\n-0003ddf0: 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2041 5441 2028 666f milar to ATA (fo\n-0003de00: 7220 5553 4220 6469 736b 7329 206f 7220 r USB disks) or \n-0003de10: 4154 0a28 666f 7220 5553 4220 6b65 7962 AT.(for USB keyb\n-0003de20: 6f61 7264 7329 2e20 2049 6e20 6164 6469 oards). In addi\n-0003de30: 7469 6f6e 2069 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2055 tion it allows U\n-0003de40: 5342 7365 7269 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 SBserial... Ch\n-0003de50: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2072 6566 6572 ainloading refer\n-0003de60: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 s to the ability\n-0003de70: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 to load another\n-0003de80: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 7468 726f bootloader thro\n-0003de90: 7567 680a 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2070 726f ugh.the same pro\n-0003dea0: 746f 636f 6c0a 0a20 2020 4869 6e74 7320 tocol.. Hints \n-0003deb0: 616c 6c6f 7720 6661 7374 6572 2064 6973 allow faster dis\n-0003dec0: 6b20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 7920 6279 2061 k discovery by a\n-0003ded0: 6c72 6561 6479 206b 6e6f 7769 6e67 2069 lready knowing i\n-0003dee0: 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6520 7768 6963 680a n advance which.\n-0003def0: 6973 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 696e 2071 is the disk in q\n-0003df00: 7565 7374 696f 6e2e 2020 4f6e 2073 6f6d uestion. On som\n-0003df10: 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6869 6e74 e platforms hint\n-0003df20: 7320 6172 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 756e s are correct un\n-0003df30: 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 0a6d 6f76 6520 7468 less you.move th\n-0003df40: 6520 6469 736b 2062 6574 7765 656e 2062 e disk between b\n-0003df50: 6f6f 7473 2e20 204f 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 oots. On other \n-0003df60: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6974 2773 206a platforms it's j\n-0003df70: 7573 7420 616e 2065 6475 6361 7465 640a ust an educated.\n-0003df80: 6775 6573 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 guess. Note tha\n-0003df90: 7420 6869 6e74 2066 6169 6c75 7265 2072 t hint failure r\n-0003dfa0: 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 6a75 7374 2072 esults in just r\n-0003dfb0: 6564 7563 6564 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e educed performan\n-0003dfc0: 6365 2c20 6e6f 740a 6120 6661 696c 7572 ce, not.a failur\n-0003dfd0: 650a 0a20 2020 4261 6452 414d 2069 7320 e.. BadRAM is \n-0003dfe0: 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 206d the ability to m\n-0003dff0: 6172 6b20 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 ark some of the \n-0003e000: 5241 4d20 6173 2022 6261 6422 2e20 204e RAM as \"bad\". N\n-0003e010: 6f74 653a 2064 7565 2074 6f0a 7072 6f74 ote: due to.prot\n-0003e020: 6f63 6f6c 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 ocol limitations\n-0003e030: 206d 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2028 mips-loongson (\n-0003e040: 7769 7468 204c 696e 7578 2070 726f 746f with Linux proto\n-0003e050: 636f 6c29 2061 6e64 0a6d 6970 732d 7165 col) and.mips-qe\n-0003e060: 6d75 5f6d 6970 7320 6361 6e20 7573 6520 mu_mips can use \n-0003e070: 6f6e 6c79 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7570 2074 only memory up t\n-0003e080: 6f20 6669 7273 7420 686f 6c65 2e0a 0a20 o first hole... \n-0003e090: 2020 426f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 Bootlocation i\n-0003e0a0: 7320 6162 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2047 5255 s ability of GRU\n-0003e0b0: 4220 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c B to automatical\n-0003e0c0: 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 7768 6572 6520 ly detect where \n-0003e0d0: 6974 0a62 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 it.boots from. \n-0003e0e0: 2264 6973 6b22 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 \"disk\" means the\n-0003e0f0: 2064 6574 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6c69 detection is li\n-0003e100: 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2064 6574 6563 7469 mited to detecti\n-0003e110: 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b0a 7769 7468 ng the disk.with\n-0003e120: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 6569 6e67 partition being\n-0003e130: 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 6420 6f6e 2069 discovered on i\n-0003e140: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 696d 652e 2020 2270 nstall time. \"p\n-0003e150: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2220 6d65 616e 7320 artition\" means \n-0003e160: 7468 6174 0a64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 7061 that.disk and pa\n-0003e170: 7274 6974 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6175 rtiton can be au\n-0003e180: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6469 7363 tomatically disc\n-0003e190: 6f76 6572 6564 2e20 2022 6669 6c65 2220 overed. \"file\" \n-0003e1a0: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 0a62 6f6f 7420 means that.boot \n-0003e1b0: 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 image file name \n-0003e1c0: 6173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 2064 6973 6b20 as well as disk \n-0003e1d0: 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6361 and partition ca\n-0003e1e0: 6e20 6265 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e n be discovered.\n-0003e1f0: 0a46 6f72 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 656e 6379 .For consistency\n-0003e200: 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e 7374 616c , default instal\n-0003e210: 6c20 6967 6e6f 7265 7320 7061 7274 6974 l ignores partit\n-0003e220: 696f 6e20 616e 6420 7265 6c69 6573 2073 ion and relies s\n-0003e230: 6f6c 656c 7920 6f6e 0a64 6973 6b20 6465 olely on.disk de\n-0003e240: 7465 6374 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 tection. If no \n-0003e250: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2064 6973 bootlocation dis\n-0003e260: 636f 7665 7279 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 covery is availa\n-0003e270: 626c 6520 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 640a ble or boot and.\n-0003e280: 6772 7562 2d72 6f6f 7420 6469 736b 7320 grub-root disks \n-0003e290: 6172 6520 6469 6666 6572 656e 742c 2055 are different, U\n-0003e2a0: 5549 4420 6973 2075 7365 6420 696e 7374 UID is used inst\n-0003e2b0: 6561 642e 2020 4f6e 2041 5243 2069 6620 ead. On ARC if \n-0003e2c0: 6e6f 0a64 6576 6963 6520 746f 2069 6e73 no.device to ins\n-0003e2d0: 7461 6c6c 2074 6f20 6973 2073 7065 6369 tall to is speci\n-0003e2e0: 6669 6564 2c20 5555 4944 2069 7320 7573 fied, UUID is us\n-0003e2f0: 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2061 7320 7765 ed instead as we\n-0003e300: 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ll... \n-0003e310: 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 BIOS \n-0003e320: 2020 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 Coreboot \n-0003e330: 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 Multiboot \n-0003e340: 2051 656d 750a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 Qemu.video \n-0003e350: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003e360: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003e370: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003e380: 2020 7965 730a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 yes.console \n-0003e390: 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n-0003e3a0: 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n-0003e3b0: 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n-0003e3c0: 2020 4350 3433 370a 6368 6172 7365 740a CP437.charset.\n-0003e3d0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2079 network y\n-0003e3e0: 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es (*) no\n-0003e3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-0003e400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 no.A\n-0003e410: 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 TA/AHCI ye\n-0003e420: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-0003e430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-0003e440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a41 yes.A\n-0003e450: 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 T keyboard ye\n-0003e460: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-0003e470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-0003e480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a53 yes.S\n-0003e490: 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 peaker ye\n-0003e4a0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-0003e4b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-0003e4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a55 yes.U\n-0003e4d0: 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 SB ye\n-0003e4e0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-0003e4f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-0003e500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 yes.c\n-0003e510: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 6c6f hainloader lo\n-0003e520: 6361 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 cal yes\n-0003e530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-0003e540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6370 no.cp\n-0003e550: 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 uid par\n-0003e560: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 tial part\n-0003e570: 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 ial parti\n-0003e580: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 al partia\n-0003e590: 6c0a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 l.rdmsr \n-0003e5a0: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-0003e5b0: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n-0003e5c0: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n-0003e5d0: 7274 6961 6c0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 rtial.wrmsr \n-0003e5e0: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n-0003e5f0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n-0003e600: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-0003e610: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c0a 6869 6e74 7320 partial.hints \n-0003e620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 guess \n-0003e630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 guess \n-0003e640: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 guess \n-0003e650: 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 730a 5043 4920 guess.PCI \n-0003e660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-0003e670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-0003e680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-0003e690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6261 6472 yes.badr\n-0003e6a0: 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 am yes \n-0003e6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-0003e6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-0003e6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 636f 6d70 yes.comp\n-0003e6e0: 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2061 6c77 6179 ression alway\n-0003e6f0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f 696e 746c s pointl\n-0003e700: 6573 7320 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 ess no \n-0003e710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 7869 7420 no.exit \n-0003e720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-0003e730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-0003e740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-0003e750: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 626f 6f74 6c6f no.bootlo\n-0003e760: 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 2064 6973 6b20 2020 cation disk \n-0003e770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-0003e780: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-0003e790: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 no.. \n-0003e7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 4546 ia32 EF\n-0003e7b0: 4920 2020 2020 2020 616d 6436 3420 4546 I amd64 EF\n-0003e7c0: 4920 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 2020 2020 I ia32 \n-0003e7d0: 2020 2020 2020 4974 616e 6975 6d0a 2020 Itanium. \n+0003d5e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 3220 6973 ******..GRUB2 is\n+0003d5f0: 2064 6573 6967 6e65 6420 746f 2062 6520 designed to be \n+0003d600: 706f 7274 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2069 7320 portable and is \n+0003d610: 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6f72 7465 6420 actually ported \n+0003d620: 6163 726f 7373 0a70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 across.platforms\n+0003d630: 2e20 2057 6520 7472 7920 746f 206b 6565 . We try to kee\n+0003d640: 7020 616c 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 p all platforms \n+0003d650: 6174 2074 6865 206c 6576 656c 2e20 2055 at the level. U\n+0003d660: 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 0a73 6f6d nfortunately.som\n+0003d670: 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6172 6520 e platforms are \n+0003d680: 6265 7474 6572 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 better supported\n+0003d690: 2074 6861 6e20 6f74 6865 7273 2e20 2054 than others. T\n+0003d6a0: 6869 7320 6973 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 his is detailed \n+0003d6b0: 696e 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 2061 6e64 2032 in.current and 2\n+0003d6c0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 6563 7469 following secti\n+0003d6d0: 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c 2070 6c61 ons... All pla\n+0003d6e0: 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 6520 616e 2061 tforms have an a\n+0003d6f0: 7274 6966 6963 6961 6c6c 7920 4752 5542 rtificially GRUB\n+0003d700: 2069 6d70 6f73 6564 2064 6973 6b20 7369 imposed disk si\n+0003d710: 7a65 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 0a6f ze restriction.o\n+0003d720: 6620 3120 4569 422e 2049 6e20 736f 6d65 f 1 EiB. In some\n+0003d730: 2063 6173 6573 2c20 6c61 7267 6572 2064 cases, larger d\n+0003d740: 6973 6b20 7369 7a65 7320 6361 6e20 6265 isk sizes can be\n+0003d750: 2075 7365 642c 2062 7574 2061 6363 6573 used, but acces\n+0003d760: 7320 7769 6c6c 0a6e 6f74 2062 6520 616c s will.not be al\n+0003d770: 6c6f 7765 6420 6265 796f 6e64 2031 2045 lowed beyond 1 E\n+0003d780: 6942 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c55 4b53 3220 6465 iB... LUKS2 de\n+0003d790: 7669 6365 7320 7769 7468 2073 697a 6520 vices with size \n+0003d7a0: 6c61 7267 6572 2074 6861 6e20 3136 2045 larger than 16 E\n+0003d7b0: 6942 2061 7265 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 iB are currently\n+0003d7c0: 206e 6f74 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e20 not.supported. \n+0003d7d0: 2054 6865 7920 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 They can not be\n+0003d7e0: 2063 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 6372 7970 created as cryp\n+0003d7f0: 746f 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 7920 6372 to devices by cr\n+0003d800: 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2073 6f0a 6361 yptomount, so.ca\n+0003d810: 6e20 6e6f 7420 6576 656e 2062 6520 7061 n not even be pa\n+0003d820: 7274 6961 6c6c 7920 7265 6164 2066 726f rtially read fro\n+0003d830: 6d2e 2020 4c55 4b53 2068 6176 6520 6e6f m. LUKS have no\n+0003d840: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 206f 7468 limitations oth\n+0003d850: 6572 0a74 6861 6e20 7468 6f73 6520 696d er.than those im\n+0003d860: 706f 7365 6420 6279 2074 6865 2066 6f72 posed by the for\n+0003d870: 6d61 742e 0a0a 2020 2041 5243 2070 6c61 mat... ARC pla\n+0003d880: 7466 6f72 6d20 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 tform is unable \n+0003d890: 746f 2063 6861 6e67 6520 6461 7465 7469 to change dateti\n+0003d8a0: 6d65 2028 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 6f65 me (firmware doe\n+0003d8b0: 736e 2774 2073 6565 6d20 746f 0a70 726f sn't seem to.pro\n+0003d8c0: 7669 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 vide a function \n+0003d8d0: 666f 7220 6974 292e 2020 454d 5520 6861 for it). EMU ha\n+0003d8e0: 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6c69 6d69 7461 s similar limita\n+0003d8f0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2045 4d55 tion... On EMU\n+0003d900: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6e6f 2073 6572 platform no ser\n+0003d910: 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 ial port is avai\n+0003d920: 6c61 626c 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6e 736f lable... Conso\n+0003d930: 6c65 2063 6861 7273 6574 2072 6566 6572 le charset refer\n+0003d940: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 6669 726d 7761 s only to firmwa\n+0003d950: 7265 2d61 7373 6973 7465 6420 636f 6e73 re-assisted cons\n+0003d960: 6f6c 652e 2020 6766 7874 6572 6d20 6973 ole. gfxterm is\n+0003d970: 0a61 6c77 6179 7320 556e 6963 6f64 6520 .always Unicode \n+0003d980: 2873 6565 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e (see Internation\n+0003d990: 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e20 7365 6374 696f alisation sectio\n+0003d9a0: 6e20 666f 7220 6974 7320 6c69 6d69 7461 n for its limita\n+0003d9b0: 7469 6f6e 7329 2e0a 5365 7269 616c 2069 tions)..Serial i\n+0003d9c0: 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2074 s configurable t\n+0003d9d0: 6f20 5554 462d 3820 6f72 2041 5343 4949 o UTF-8 or ASCII\n+0003d9e0: 2028 7365 6520 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f (see Internatio\n+0003d9f0: 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 496e nalisation). In\n+0003da00: 0a63 6173 6520 6f66 2071 656d 7520 616e .case of qemu an\n+0003da10: 6420 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6f72 7473 d coreboot ports\n+0003da20: 2074 6865 2072 6566 6572 6564 2063 6f6e the refered con\n+0003da30: 736f 6c65 2069 7320 7667 615f 7465 7874 sole is vga_text\n+0003da40: 2e0a 4c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2061 6c77 6179 ..Loongson alway\n+0003da50: 7320 7573 6573 2067 6678 7465 726d 2e0a s uses gfxterm..\n+0003da60: 0a20 2020 4d6f 7374 206c 696d 6974 6564 . Most limited\n+0003da70: 206f 6e65 2069 7320 4153 4349 492e 2043 one is ASCII. C\n+0003da80: 5034 3337 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6164 P437 provides ad\n+0003da90: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a70 7365 7564 ditionally.pseud\n+0003daa0: 6f67 7261 7068 6963 732e 2020 4752 5542 ographics. GRUB\n+0003dab0: 3220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7573 6520 616e 2 doesn't use an\n+0003dac0: 7920 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6861 7261 y language chara\n+0003dad0: 6374 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 2043 5034 3337 cters from CP437\n+0003dae0: 2061 730a 6f66 7465 6e20 4350 3433 3720 as.often CP437 \n+0003daf0: 6973 2072 6570 6c61 6365 6420 6279 206e is replaced by n\n+0003db00: 6174 696f 6e61 6c20 656e 636f 6469 6e67 ational encoding\n+0003db10: 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 compatible only\n+0003db20: 2069 6e0a 7073 6575 646f 6772 6170 6869 in.pseudographi\n+0003db30: 6373 2e20 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2069 7320 cs. Unicode is \n+0003db40: 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2076 6572 7361 7469 the most versati\n+0003db50: 6c65 2063 6861 7273 6574 2077 6869 6368 le charset which\n+0003db60: 2073 7570 706f 7274 730a 6d61 6e79 206c supports.many l\n+0003db70: 616e 6775 6167 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 anguages. Howev\n+0003db80: 6572 2074 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c20 636f er the actual co\n+0003db90: 6e73 6f6c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 206d 7563 nsole may be muc\n+0003dba0: 6820 6d6f 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 0a64 h more limited.d\n+0003dbb0: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 6669 726d epending on firm\n+0003dbc0: 7761 7265 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4249 4f53 ware.. On BIOS\n+0003dbd0: 2c20 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6973 2073 7570 , network is sup\n+0003dbe0: 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2074 ported only if t\n+0003dbf0: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 he image is load\n+0003dc00: 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 0a6e 6574 776f ed through.netwo\n+0003dc10: 726b 2e20 204f 6e20 7370 6172 6336 342c rk. On sparc64,\n+0003dc20: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 GRUB is unable \n+0003dc30: 746f 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 6869 to determine whi\n+0003dc40: 6368 2073 6572 7665 7220 6974 2077 6173 ch server it was\n+0003dc50: 0a62 6f6f 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 2e0a 0a20 .booted from... \n+0003dc60: 2020 4469 7265 6374 2041 5441 2f41 4843 Direct ATA/AHC\n+0003dc70: 4920 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 I support allows\n+0003dc80: 2074 6f20 6369 7263 756d 7665 6e74 2076 to circumvent v\n+0003dc90: 6172 696f 7573 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a arious firmware.\n+0003dca0: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 limitations but \n+0003dcb0: 6973 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 isn't needed for\n+0003dcc0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 696f normal operatio\n+0003dcd0: 6e20 6578 6365 7074 206f 6e20 6261 7265 n except on bare\n+0003dce0: 6d65 7461 6c0a 706f 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 metal.ports... \n+0003dcf0: 2041 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2073 7570 AT keyboard sup\n+0003dd00: 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6b65 7962 port allows keyb\n+0003dd10: 6f61 7264 206c 6179 6f75 7420 7265 6d61 oard layout rema\n+0003dd20: 7070 696e 6720 616e 6420 7375 7070 6f72 pping and suppor\n+0003dd30: 7420 666f 720a 6b65 7973 206e 6f74 2061 t for.keys not a\n+0003dd40: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6872 6f75 6768 vailable through\n+0003dd50: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 4974 2069 firmware. It i\n+0003dd60: 736e 2774 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f 7220 sn't needed for \n+0003dd70: 6e6f 726d 616c 0a6f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e normal.operation\n+0003dd80: 2065 7863 6570 7420 6261 7265 6d65 7461 except baremeta\n+0003dd90: 6c20 706f 7274 732e 0a0a 2020 2053 7065 l ports... Spe\n+0003dda0: 616b 6572 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d6f 7273 aker allows mors\n+0003ddb0: 6520 616e 6420 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2063 e and spkmodem c\n+0003ddc0: 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 ommunication... \n+0003ddd0: 2020 5553 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7072 USB support pr\n+0003dde0: 6f76 6964 6573 2062 656e 6566 6974 7320 ovides benefits \n+0003ddf0: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2041 5441 2028 similar to ATA (\n+0003de00: 666f 7220 5553 4220 6469 736b 7329 206f for USB disks) o\n+0003de10: 7220 4154 0a28 666f 7220 5553 4220 6b65 r AT.(for USB ke\n+0003de20: 7962 6f61 7264 7329 2e20 2049 6e20 6164 yboards). In ad\n+0003de30: 6469 7469 6f6e 2069 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 dition it allows\n+0003de40: 2055 5342 7365 7269 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 USBserial... \n+0003de50: 4368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2072 6566 Chainloading ref\n+0003de60: 6572 7320 746f 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 ers to the abili\n+0003de70: 7479 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 ty to load anoth\n+0003de80: 6572 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 7468 er bootloader th\n+0003de90: 726f 7567 680a 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2070 rough.the same p\n+0003dea0: 726f 746f 636f 6c0a 0a20 2020 4869 6e74 rotocol.. Hint\n+0003deb0: 7320 616c 6c6f 7720 6661 7374 6572 2064 s allow faster d\n+0003dec0: 6973 6b20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 7920 6279 isk discovery by\n+0003ded0: 2061 6c72 6561 6479 206b 6e6f 7769 6e67 already knowing\n+0003dee0: 2069 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6520 7768 6963 in advance whic\n+0003def0: 680a 6973 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 696e h.is the disk in\n+0003df00: 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e2e 2020 4f6e 2073 question. On s\n+0003df10: 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6869 ome platforms hi\n+0003df20: 6e74 7320 6172 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 nts are correct \n+0003df30: 756e 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 0a6d 6f76 6520 unless you.move \n+0003df40: 7468 6520 6469 736b 2062 6574 7765 656e the disk between\n+0003df50: 2062 6f6f 7473 2e20 204f 6e20 6f74 6865 boots. On othe\n+0003df60: 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6974 2773 r platforms it's\n+0003df70: 206a 7573 7420 616e 2065 6475 6361 7465 just an educate\n+0003df80: 640a 6775 6573 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 d.guess. Note t\n+0003df90: 6861 7420 6869 6e74 2066 6169 6c75 7265 hat hint failure\n+0003dfa0: 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 6a75 7374 results in just\n+0003dfb0: 2072 6564 7563 6564 2070 6572 666f 726d reduced perform\n+0003dfc0: 616e 6365 2c20 6e6f 740a 6120 6661 696c ance, not.a fail\n+0003dfd0: 7572 650a 0a20 2020 4261 6452 414d 2069 ure.. BadRAM i\n+0003dfe0: 7320 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f s the ability to\n+0003dff0: 206d 6172 6b20 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 mark some of th\n+0003e000: 6520 5241 4d20 6173 2022 6261 6422 2e20 e RAM as \"bad\". \n+0003e010: 204e 6f74 653a 2064 7565 2074 6f0a 7072 Note: due to.pr\n+0003e020: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f otocol limitatio\n+0003e030: 6e73 206d 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e ns mips-loongson\n+0003e040: 2028 7769 7468 204c 696e 7578 2070 726f (with Linux pro\n+0003e050: 746f 636f 6c29 2061 6e64 0a6d 6970 732d tocol) and.mips-\n+0003e060: 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 7320 6361 6e20 7573 qemu_mips can us\n+0003e070: 6520 6f6e 6c79 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7570 e only memory up\n+0003e080: 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 686f 6c65 2e0a to first hole..\n+0003e090: 0a20 2020 426f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e . Bootlocation\n+0003e0a0: 2069 7320 6162 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2047 is ability of G\n+0003e0b0: 5255 4220 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 RUB to automatic\n+0003e0c0: 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 7768 6572 ally detect wher\n+0003e0d0: 6520 6974 0a62 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2e e it.boots from.\n+0003e0e0: 2020 2264 6973 6b22 206d 6561 6e73 2074 \"disk\" means t\n+0003e0f0: 6865 2064 6574 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 he detection is \n+0003e100: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2064 6574 6563 limited to detec\n+0003e110: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b0a 7769 ting the disk.wi\n+0003e120: 7468 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 6569 th partition bei\n+0003e130: 6e67 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 6420 6f6e ng discovered on\n+0003e140: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 696d 652e 2020 install time. \n+0003e150: 2270 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2220 6d65 616e \"partition\" mean\n+0003e160: 7320 7468 6174 0a64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 s that.disk and \n+0003e170: 7061 7274 6974 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 partiton can be \n+0003e180: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6469 automatically di\n+0003e190: 7363 6f76 6572 6564 2e20 2022 6669 6c65 scovered. \"file\n+0003e1a0: 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 0a62 6f6f \" means that.boo\n+0003e1b0: 7420 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d t image file nam\n+0003e1c0: 6520 6173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 2064 6973 e as well as dis\n+0003e1d0: 6b20 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 k and partition \n+0003e1e0: 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 can be discovere\n+0003e1f0: 642e 0a46 6f72 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 656e d..For consisten\n+0003e200: 6379 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e 7374 cy, default inst\n+0003e210: 616c 6c20 6967 6e6f 7265 7320 7061 7274 all ignores part\n+0003e220: 6974 696f 6e20 616e 6420 7265 6c69 6573 ition and relies\n+0003e230: 2073 6f6c 656c 7920 6f6e 0a64 6973 6b20 solely on.disk \n+0003e240: 6465 7465 6374 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 206e detection. If n\n+0003e250: 6f20 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2064 o bootlocation d\n+0003e260: 6973 636f 7665 7279 2069 7320 6176 6169 iscovery is avai\n+0003e270: 6c61 626c 6520 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 616e lable or boot an\n+0003e280: 640a 6772 7562 2d72 6f6f 7420 6469 736b d.grub-root disk\n+0003e290: 7320 6172 6520 6469 6666 6572 656e 742c s are different,\n+0003e2a0: 2055 5549 4420 6973 2075 7365 6420 696e UUID is used in\n+0003e2b0: 7374 6561 642e 2020 4f6e 2041 5243 2069 stead. On ARC i\n+0003e2c0: 6620 6e6f 0a64 6576 6963 6520 746f 2069 f no.device to i\n+0003e2d0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6f20 6973 2073 7065 nstall to is spe\n+0003e2e0: 6369 6669 6564 2c20 5555 4944 2069 7320 cified, UUID is \n+0003e2f0: 7573 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2061 7320 used instead as \n+0003e300: 7765 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 well... \n+0003e310: 2020 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2020 2020 2020 BIOS \n+0003e320: 2020 2020 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 2020 Coreboot \n+0003e330: 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 Multiboot \n+0003e340: 2020 2051 656d 750a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 Qemu.video \n+0003e350: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003e360: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003e370: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003e380: 2020 2020 7965 730a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 yes.console \n+0003e390: 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 CP437 \n+0003e3a0: 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 CP437 \n+0003e3b0: 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n+0003e3c0: 2020 2020 4350 3433 370a 6368 6172 7365 CP437.charse\n+0003e3d0: 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 t.network \n+0003e3e0: 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes (*) \n+0003e3f0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+0003e400: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+0003e410: 0a41 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 .ATA/AHCI \n+0003e420: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+0003e430: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n+0003e440: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+0003e450: 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 .AT keyboard \n+0003e460: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+0003e470: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n+0003e480: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+0003e490: 0a53 7065 616b 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 .Speaker \n+0003e4a0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+0003e4b0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n+0003e4c0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+0003e4d0: 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .USB \n+0003e4e0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+0003e4f0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n+0003e500: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+0003e510: 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 .chainloader \n+0003e520: 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 local y\n+0003e530: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n+0003e540: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a s no.\n+0003e550: 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 cpuid p\n+0003e560: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n+0003e570: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 rtial par\n+0003e580: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 tial part\n+0003e590: 6961 6c0a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 ial.rdmsr \n+0003e5a0: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+0003e5b0: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+0003e5c0: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+0003e5d0: 7061 7274 6961 6c0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 partial.wrmsr \n+0003e5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n+0003e5f0: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n+0003e600: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n+0003e610: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c0a 6869 6e74 partial.hint\n+0003e620: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 s guess\n+0003e630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 guess \n+0003e640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 guess \n+0003e650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 730a 5043 guess.PC\n+0003e660: 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 I yes\n+0003e670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+0003e680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+0003e690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6261 yes.ba\n+0003e6a0: 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 dram yes\n+0003e6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+0003e6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+0003e6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 636f yes.co\n+0003e6e0: 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2061 6c77 mpression alw\n+0003e6f0: 6179 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f 696e ays poin\n+0003e700: 746c 6573 7320 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 tless no \n+0003e710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 7869 no.exi\n+0003e720: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 t yes \n+0003e730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+0003e740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+0003e750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 626f 6f74 no.boot\n+0003e760: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 2064 6973 6b20 location disk \n+0003e770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+0003e780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+0003e790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a 2020 2020 no.. \n+0003e7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 ia32 \n+0003e7b0: 4546 4920 2020 2020 2020 616d 6436 3420 EFI amd64 \n+0003e7c0: 4546 4920 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 2020 EFI ia32 \n+0003e7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4974 616e 6975 6d0a Itanium.\n 0003e7e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0003e7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003e800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4545 4531 IEEE1\n-0003e810: 3237 350a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 275.video \n-0003e820: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003e830: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003e840: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-0003e850: 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 no.console \n-0003e860: 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 2020 2020 2020 Unicode \n-0003e870: 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2020 2020 2020 2020 Unicode \n-0003e880: 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 ASCII U\n-0003e890: 6e69 636f 6465 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e nicode.charset.n\n-0003e8a0: 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 etwork ye\n-0003e8b0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-0003e8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-0003e8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a41 yes.A\n-0003e8e0: 5441 2f41 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 TA/AHCI 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2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 good \n-0003eb10: 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 730a 5043 4920 guess.PCI \n-0003eb20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-0003eb30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-0003eb40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-0003eb50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6164 7261 no.badra\n-0003eb60: 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 m yes \n-0003eb70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-0003eb80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-0003eb90: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6f6d 7072 yes.compr\n-0003eba0: 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 ession no \n-0003ebb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-0003ebc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-0003ebd0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 no.exit \n-0003ebe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-0003ebf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-0003ec00: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003ec10: 2020 2020 2020 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2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6f6f no.boo\n-0003f460: 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6e6f 2020 tlocation no \n-0003f470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 file \n-0003f480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a 1f0a no....\n-0003f490: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003f4a0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d Node: Platform\n-0003f4b0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 -specific operat\n-0003f4c0: 696f 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 7570 ions, Next: Sup\n-0003f4d0: 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 ported kernels, \n-0003f4e0: 2050 7265 763a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 Prev: Platform \n-0003f4f0: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5570 limitations, Up\n-0003f500: 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3020 4f75 746c 696e : Top..20 Outlin\n-0003f510: 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 536f e.**********..So\n-0003f520: 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 me platforms hav\n-0003f530: 6520 6665 6174 7572 6573 2077 6869 6368 e features which\n-0003f540: 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 allows to imple\n-0003f550: 6d65 6e74 2073 6f6d 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ment some comman\n-0003f560: 6473 0a75 7365 6c65 7373 206f 7220 6e6f ds.useless or no\n-0003f570: 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 626c 6520 t implementable \n-0003f580: 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 2051 on others... Q\n-0003f590: 7569 636b 2073 756d 6d61 7279 3a0a 0a20 uick summary:.. \n-0003f5a0: 2020 496e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7265 Information re\n-0003f5b0: 7472 6965 7661 6c3a 0a0a 2020 202a 206d trieval:.. * m\n-0003f5c0: 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 3a20 ipsel-loongson: \n-0003f5d0: 6c73 7370 640a 2020 202a 206d 6970 732d lsspd. * mips-\n-0003f5e0: 6172 633a 206c 7364 6576 0a20 2020 2a20 arc: lsdev. * \n-0003f5f0: 6566 693a 206c 7365 6669 7379 7374 6162 efi: lsefisystab\n-0003f600: 2c20 6c73 7361 6c2c 206c 7365 6669 6d6d , lssal, lsefimm\n-0003f610: 6170 2c20 6c73 6566 690a 2020 202a 2069 ap, lsefi. * i\n-0003f620: 3338 362d 7063 3a20 6c73 6170 6d0a 2020 386-pc: lsapm. \n-0003f630: 202a 2069 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 * i386-coreboot\n-0003f640: 3a20 6c73 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 636f : lscoreboot, co\n-0003f650: 7265 626f 6f74 5f62 6f6f 7474 696d 652c reboot_boottime,\n-0003f660: 2063 626d 656d 630a 2020 202a 2061 6370 cbmemc. * acp\n-0003f670: 692d 656e 6162 6c65 6420 2869 3338 362d i-enabled (i386-\n-0003f680: 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f pc, i386-coreboo\n-0003f690: 742c 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f t, i386-multiboo\n-0003f6a0: 742c 202a 2d65 6669 293a 0a20 2020 2020 t, *-efi):. \n-0003f6b0: 6c73 6163 7069 0a0a 2020 2057 6f72 6b61 lsacpi.. Worka\n-0003f6c0: 726f 756e 6473 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 7466 rounds for platf\n-0003f6d0: 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2069 7373 orm-specific iss\n-0003f6e0: 7565 733a 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 3836 2d65 ues:. * i386-e\n-0003f6f0: 6669 2f78 3836 5f36 342d 6566 693a 206c fi/x86_64-efi: l\n-0003f700: 6f61 6462 696f 732c 2066 616b 6562 696f oadbios, fakebio\n-0003f710: 732c 2066 6978 5f76 6964 656f 0a20 2020 s, fix_video. \n-0003f720: 2a20 6163 7069 2d65 6e61 626c 6564 2028 * acpi-enabled (\n-0003f730: 6933 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d 636f i386-pc, i386-co\n-0003f740: 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c reboot, i386-mul\n-0003f750: 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 6929 3a20 tiboot, *-efi): \n-0003f760: 6163 7069 0a20 2020 2020 286f 7665 7272 acpi. (overr\n-0003f770: 6964 6520 4143 5049 2074 6162 6c65 7329 ide ACPI tables)\n-0003f780: 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 3836 2d70 633a 2064 . * i386-pc: d\n-0003f790: 7269 7665 6d61 700a 2020 202a 2069 3338 rivemap. * i38\n-0003f7a0: 362d 7063 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 790a 0a20 6-pc: sendkey.. \n-0003f7b0: 2020 4164 7661 6e63 6564 206f 7065 7261 Advanced opera\n-0003f7c0: 7469 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 706f 7765 7220 tions for power \n-0003f7d0: 7573 6572 733a 0a20 2020 2a20 7838 363a users:. * x86:\n-0003f7e0: 2069 6f72 7720 2864 6972 6563 7420 6163 iorw (direct ac\n-0003f7f0: 6365 7373 2074 6f20 492f 4f20 706f 7274 cess to I/O port\n-0003f800: 7329 0a0a 2020 204d 6973 6365 6c61 6e65 s).. Miscelane\n-0003f810: 6f75 733a 0a20 2020 2a20 636d 6f73 2028 ous:. * cmos (\n-0003f820: 7838 362d 2a2c 2069 6565 6531 3237 352c x86-*, ieee1275,\n-0003f830: 206d 6970 732d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 732c mips-qemu_mips,\n-0003f840: 206d 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 293a mips-loongson):\n-0003f850: 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 2020 2020 2028 cmostest. (\n-0003f860: 7573 6564 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 206c 6170 used on some lap\n-0003f870: 746f 7073 2074 6f20 6368 6563 6b20 666f tops to check fo\n-0003f880: 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 706f 7765 722d r special power-\n-0003f890: 6f6e 206b 6579 292c 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 on key), cmoscle\n-0003f8a0: 616e 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 3836 2d70 633a an. * i386-pc:\n-0003f8b0: 2070 6c61 790a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 play....File: g\n-0003f8c0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003f8d0: 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 Supported kerne\n-0003f8e0: 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2054 726f 7562 ls, Next: Troub\n-0003f8f0: 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 leshooting, Pre\n-0003f900: 763a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 v: Platform-spec\n-0003f910: 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732c ific operations,\n-0003f920: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3120 5375 Up: Top..21 Su\n-0003f930: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 626f 6f74 2074 6172 pported boot tar\n-0003f940: 6765 7473 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a gets.***********\n-0003f950: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n-0003f960: 5838 3620 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2073 X86 support is s\n-0003f970: 756d 6d61 7269 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 ummarised in the\n-0003f980: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 following table\n-0003f990: 2e20 2022 5965 7322 206d 6561 6e73 2074 . \"Yes\" means t\n-0003f9a0: 6861 7420 7468 650a 6b65 726e 656c 2077 hat the.kernel w\n-0003f9b0: 6f72 6b73 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6769 7665 orks on the give\n-0003f9c0: 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2263 7261 n platform, \"cra\n-0003f9d0: 7368 6573 2220 6d65 616e 7320 616e 2065 shes\" means an e\n-0003f9e0: 6172 6c79 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 6372 6173 arly kernel.cras\n-0003f9f0: 6820 7768 6963 6820 7765 2068 6f70 6520 h which we hope \n-0003fa00: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6669 7865 6420 6279 will be fixed by\n-0003fa10: 2063 6f6e 6365 726e 6564 206b 6572 6e65 concerned kerne\n-0003fa20: 6c20 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7273 2e20 2022 l developers. \"\n-0003fa30: 6e6f 220a 6d65 616e 7320 4752 5542 2064 no\".means GRUB d\n-0003fa40: 6f65 736e 2774 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 oesn't load the \n-0003fa50: 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6e20 given kernel on \n-0003fa60: 6120 6769 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d a given platform\n-0003fa70: 2e0a 2268 6561 646c 6573 7322 206d 6561 ..\"headless\" mea\n-0003fa80: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6b65 726e ns that the kern\n-0003fa90: 656c 2077 6f72 6b73 2062 7574 206c 6163 el works but lac\n-0003faa0: 6b73 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2064 7269 7665 ks console drive\n-0003fab0: 7273 2028 796f 750a 6361 6e20 7374 696c rs (you.can stil\n-0003fac0: 6c20 7573 6520 7365 7269 616c 206f 7220 l use serial or \n-0003fad0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 network console)\n-0003fae0: 2e20 2049 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 226e . In case of \"n\n-0003faf0: 6f22 2061 6e64 2022 6372 6173 6865 7322 o\" and \"crashes\"\n-0003fb00: 0a74 6865 2072 6561 736f 6e20 6973 2067 .the reason is g\n-0003fb10: 6976 656e 2069 6e20 666f 6f74 6e6f 7465 iven in footnote\n-0003fb20: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n+0003ec80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6967 6e6f 7265 ignore\n+0003ec90: 640a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d.. \n+0003eca0: 2020 4c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2020 2020 2020 Loongson \n+0003ecb0: 2073 7061 7263 3634 2020 2020 2020 2020 sparc64 \n+0003ecc0: 506f 7765 7270 6320 2020 2020 2020 2041 Powerpc A\n+0003ecd0: 5243 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 RC.video \n+0003ece0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003ecf0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ed00: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+0003ed10: 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 o.console \n+0003ed20: 204e 2f41 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n+0003ed30: 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 ASCII A\n+0003ed40: 5343 4949 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 SCII AS\n+0003ed50: 4349 490a 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 CII.charset.netw\n+0003ed60: 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 ork no \n+0003ed70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a yes (*\n+0003ed80: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 ) yes \n+0003ed90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 no.ATA/A\n+0003eda0: 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 HCI yes \n+0003edb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+0003edc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003edd0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 no.AT key\n+0003ede0: 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 board yes \n+0003edf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ee00: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ee10: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b 6572 no.Speaker\n+0003ee20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ee30: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ee40: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ee50: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 2020 no.USB \n+0003ee60: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003ee70: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ee80: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ee90: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 no.chainload\n+0003eea0: 6572 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 er yes \n+0003eeb0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003eec0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003eed0: 2020 206e 6f0a 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 no.cpuid \n+0003eee0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003eef0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ef00: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ef10: 2020 6e6f 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 no.rdmsr \n+0003ef20: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ef30: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ef40: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003ef50: 206e 6f0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 no.wrmsr 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onfigurable no\n+0003f070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+0003f080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 conf\n+0003f090: 6967 7572 6162 6c65 0a65 7869 7420 2020 igurable.exit \n+0003f0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+0003f0b0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003f0c0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003f0d0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 yes.bootloc\n+0003f0e0: 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 ation no \n+0003f0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e partition\n+0003f100: 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 file \n+0003f110: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 282a 290a 0a20 file (*).. \n+0003f120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d49 MI\n+0003f130: 5053 2071 656d 7520 2020 2020 2065 6d75 PS qemu emu\n+0003f140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7865 6e0a xen.\n+0003f150: 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e video n\n+0003f160: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 o ye\n+0003f170: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a s no.\n+0003f180: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2043 console C\n+0003f190: 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e P437 Un\n+0003f1a0: 6963 6f64 6520 282a 2920 2020 2041 5343 icode (*) ASC\n+0003f1b0: 4949 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f II.charset.netwo\n+0003f1c0: 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 rk no \n+0003f1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+0003f1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5441 2f41 no.ATA/A\n+0003f1f0: 4843 4920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 HCI yes \n+0003f200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+0003f210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 no.AT ke\n+0003f220: 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yboard yes \n+0003f230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+0003f240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a53 7065 616b no.Speak\n+0003f250: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 er no \n+0003f260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+0003f270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 no.USB \n+0003f280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e2f 4120 2020 N/A \n+0003f290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+0003f2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6861 696e no.chain\n+0003f2b0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 loader yes \n+0003f2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+0003f2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6370 7569 yes.cpui\n+0003f2e0: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 d no \n+0003f2f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+0003f300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a72 646d yes.rdm\n+0003f310: 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 sr no \n+0003f320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+0003f330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 7772 yes.wr\n+0003f340: 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 msr no \n+0003f350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+0003f360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a68 yes.h\n+0003f370: 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 ints gu\n+0003f380: 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 ess no \n+0003f390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a50 no.P\n+0003f3a0: 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f CI no\n+0003f3b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+0003f3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 no.b\n+0003f3d0: 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 adram ye\n+0003f3e0: 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s (*) no \n+0003f3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 no.c\n+0003f400: 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 636f ompression co\n+0003f410: 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2020 206e 6f20 nfigurable no \n+0003f420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 no.e\n+0003f430: 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f xit no\n+0003f440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+0003f450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 no.b\n+0003f460: 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6e6f ootlocation no\n+0003f470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c fil\n+0003f480: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a0a e no..\n+0003f490: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003f4a0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f o, Node: Platfo\n+0003f4b0: 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 rm-specific oper\n+0003f4c0: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 ations, Next: S\n+0003f4d0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 upported kernels\n+0003f4e0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 , Prev: Platfor\n+0003f4f0: 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 m limitations, \n+0003f500: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3020 4f75 746c Up: Top..20 Outl\n+0003f510: 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a ine.**********..\n+0003f520: 536f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 Some platforms h\n+0003f530: 6176 6520 6665 6174 7572 6573 2077 6869 ave features whi\n+0003f540: 6368 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 746f 2069 6d70 ch allows to imp\n+0003f550: 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 6f6d 6520 636f 6d6d lement some comm\n+0003f560: 616e 6473 0a75 7365 6c65 7373 206f 7220 ands.useless or \n+0003f570: 6e6f 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 626c not implementabl\n+0003f580: 6520 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 e on others... \n+0003f590: 2051 7569 636b 2073 756d 6d61 7279 3a0a Quick summary:.\n+0003f5a0: 0a20 2020 496e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 . Information \n+0003f5b0: 7265 7472 6965 7661 6c3a 0a0a 2020 202a retrieval:.. *\n+0003f5c0: 206d 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e mipsel-loongson\n+0003f5d0: 3a20 6c73 7370 640a 2020 202a 206d 6970 : lsspd. * mip\n+0003f5e0: 732d 6172 633a 206c 7364 6576 0a20 2020 s-arc: lsdev. \n+0003f5f0: 2a20 6566 693a 206c 7365 6669 7379 7374 * efi: lsefisyst\n+0003f600: 6162 2c20 6c73 7361 6c2c 206c 7365 6669 ab, lssal, lsefi\n+0003f610: 6d6d 6170 2c20 6c73 6566 690a 2020 202a mmap, lsefi. *\n+0003f620: 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 6c73 6170 6d0a i386-pc: lsapm.\n+0003f630: 2020 202a 2069 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f * i386-corebo\n+0003f640: 6f74 3a20 6c73 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 ot: lscoreboot, \n+0003f650: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 5f62 6f6f 7474 696d coreboot_boottim\n+0003f660: 652c 2063 626d 656d 630a 2020 202a 2061 e, cbmemc. * a\n+0003f670: 6370 692d 656e 6162 6c65 6420 2869 3338 cpi-enabled (i38\n+0003f680: 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6-pc, i386-coreb\n+0003f690: 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 oot, i386-multib\n+0003f6a0: 6f6f 742c 202a 2d65 6669 293a 0a20 2020 oot, *-efi):. \n+0003f6b0: 2020 6c73 6163 7069 0a0a 2020 2057 6f72 lsacpi.. Wor\n+0003f6c0: 6b61 726f 756e 6473 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 karounds for pla\n+0003f6d0: 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2069 tform-specific i\n+0003f6e0: 7373 7565 733a 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 3836 ssues:. * i386\n+0003f6f0: 2d65 6669 2f78 3836 5f36 342d 6566 693a -efi/x86_64-efi:\n+0003f700: 206c 6f61 6462 696f 732c 2066 616b 6562 loadbios, fakeb\n+0003f710: 696f 732c 2066 6978 5f76 6964 656f 0a20 ios, fix_video. \n+0003f720: 2020 2a20 6163 7069 2d65 6e61 626c 6564 * acpi-enabled\n+0003f730: 2028 6933 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d (i386-pc, i386-\n+0003f740: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d coreboot, i386-m\n+0003f750: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 6929 ultiboot, *-efi)\n+0003f760: 3a20 6163 7069 0a20 2020 2020 286f 7665 : acpi. (ove\n+0003f770: 7272 6964 6520 4143 5049 2074 6162 6c65 rride ACPI table\n+0003f780: 7329 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 3836 2d70 633a s). * i386-pc:\n+0003f790: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 700a 2020 202a 2069 drivemap. * i\n+0003f7a0: 3338 362d 7063 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 790a 386-pc: sendkey.\n+0003f7b0: 0a20 2020 4164 7661 6e63 6564 206f 7065 . Advanced ope\n+0003f7c0: 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 706f 7765 rations for powe\n+0003f7d0: 7220 7573 6572 733a 0a20 2020 2a20 7838 r users:. * x8\n+0003f7e0: 363a 2069 6f72 7720 2864 6972 6563 7420 6: iorw (direct \n+0003f7f0: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 492f 4f20 706f access to I/O po\n+0003f800: 7274 7329 0a0a 2020 204d 6973 6365 6c61 rts).. Miscela\n+0003f810: 6e65 6f75 733a 0a20 2020 2a20 636d 6f73 neous:. * cmos\n+0003f820: 2028 7838 362d 2a2c 2069 6565 6531 3237 (x86-*, ieee127\n+0003f830: 352c 206d 6970 732d 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 5, mips-qemu_mip\n+0003f840: 732c 206d 6970 732d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e s, mips-loongson\n+0003f850: 293a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 2020 2020 ): cmostest. \n+0003f860: 2028 7573 6564 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 206c (used on some l\n+0003f870: 6170 746f 7073 2074 6f20 6368 6563 6b20 aptops to check \n+0003f880: 666f 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 706f 7765 for special powe\n+0003f890: 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 292c 2063 6d6f 7363 r-on key), cmosc\n+0003f8a0: 6c65 616e 0a20 2020 2a20 6933 3836 2d70 lean. * i386-p\n+0003f8b0: 633a 2070 6c61 790a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a c: play....File:\n+0003f8c0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003f8d0: 653a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 e: Supported ker\n+0003f8e0: 6e65 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2054 726f nels, Next: Tro\n+0003f8f0: 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 ubleshooting, P\n+0003f900: 7265 763a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 rev: Platform-sp\n+0003f910: 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e ecific operation\n+0003f920: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3120 s, Up: Top..21 \n+0003f930: 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 626f 6f74 2074 Supported boot t\n+0003f940: 6172 6765 7473 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a argets.*********\n+0003f950: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0003f960: 0a0a 5838 3620 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 ..X86 support is\n+0003f970: 2073 756d 6d61 7269 7365 6420 696e 2074 summarised in t\n+0003f980: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 he following tab\n+0003f990: 6c65 2e20 2022 5965 7322 206d 6561 6e73 le. \"Yes\" means\n+0003f9a0: 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 6b65 726e 656c that the.kernel\n+0003f9b0: 2077 6f72 6b73 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6769 works on the gi\n+0003f9c0: 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2263 ven platform, \"c\n+0003f9d0: 7261 7368 6573 2220 6d65 616e 7320 616e rashes\" means an\n+0003f9e0: 2065 6172 6c79 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 6372 early kernel.cr\n+0003f9f0: 6173 6820 7768 6963 6820 7765 2068 6f70 ash which we hop\n+0003fa00: 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6669 7865 6420 e will be fixed \n+0003fa10: 6279 2063 6f6e 6365 726e 6564 206b 6572 by concerned ker\n+0003fa20: 6e65 6c20 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7273 2e20 nel developers. \n+0003fa30: 2022 6e6f 220a 6d65 616e 7320 4752 5542 \"no\".means GRUB\n+0003fa40: 2064 6f65 736e 2774 206c 6f61 6420 7468 doesn't load th\n+0003fa50: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 726e 656c 206f e given kernel o\n+0003fa60: 6e20 6120 6769 7665 6e20 706c 6174 666f n a given platfo\n+0003fa70: 726d 2e0a 2268 6561 646c 6573 7322 206d rm..\"headless\" m\n+0003fa80: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6b65 eans that the ke\n+0003fa90: 726e 656c 2077 6f72 6b73 2062 7574 206c rnel works but l\n+0003faa0: 6163 6b73 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2064 7269 acks console dri\n+0003fab0: 7665 7273 2028 796f 750a 6361 6e20 7374 vers (you.can st\n+0003fac0: 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7365 7269 616c 206f ill use serial o\n+0003fad0: 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 636f 6e73 6f6c r network consol\n+0003fae0: 6529 2e20 2049 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 e). In case of \n+0003faf0: 226e 6f22 2061 6e64 2022 6372 6173 6865 \"no\" and \"crashe\n+0003fb00: 7322 0a74 6865 2072 6561 736f 6e20 6973 s\".the reason is\n+0003fb10: 2067 6976 656e 2069 6e20 666f 6f74 6e6f given in footno\n+0003fb20: 7465 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te.. \n 0003fb30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003fb40: 2020 2020 2020 2042 494f 5320 2020 2020 BIOS \n-0003fb50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 7265 626f 6f74 Coreboot\n-0003fb60: 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 .BIOS chainloadi\n-0003fb70: 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng \n-0003fb80: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003fb90: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 no (1).NT\n-0003fba0: 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 LDR \n+0003fb40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 494f 5320 2020 BIOS \n+0003fb50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 7265 626f Corebo\n+0003fb60: 6f74 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 ot.BIOS chainloa\n+0003fb70: 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding \n+0003fb80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+0003fb90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+0003fba0: 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NTLDR \n 0003fbb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003fbc0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003fbd0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 no (1).Plan9\n-0003fbe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0003fbc0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003fbd0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 no (1).Pla\n+0003fbe0: 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n9 \n 0003fbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003fc00: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003fc10: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 646f 7320 no (1).Freedos \n-0003fc20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003fc30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-0003fc40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-0003fc50: 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f (1).FreeBSD boo\n-0003fc60: 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 tloader \n-0003fc70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-0003fc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n-0003fc90: 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 es (1).32-bit kF\n-0003fca0: 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 reeBSD \n-0003fcb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-0003fcc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n-0003fcd0: 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 7420 shes (5).64-bit \n-0003fce0: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n-0003fcf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-0003fd00: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 s c\n-0003fd10: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a33 322d 6269 rashes (5).32-bi\n-0003fd20: 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 t kNetBSD \n+0003fc00: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003fc10: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 646f no (1).Freedo\n+0003fc20: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s \n+0003fc30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n+0003fc40: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+0003fc50: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 no (1).FreeBSD b\n+0003fc60: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ootloader \n+0003fc70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+0003fc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n+0003fc90: 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 shes (1).32-bit \n+0003fca0: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n+0003fcb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+0003fcc0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 s c\n+0003fcd0: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 rashes (5).64-bi\n+0003fce0: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kFreeBSD \n+0003fcf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0003fd00: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003fd10: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a33 322d crashes (5).32-\n+0003fd20: 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 bit kNetBSD \n 0003fd30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003fd40: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003fd50: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d crashes (1).64-\n-0003fd60: 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 bit kNetBSD \n+0003fd40: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003fd50: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 crashes (1).6\n+0003fd60: 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 4-bit kNetBSD \n 0003fd70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003fd80: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003fd90: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 0a33 322d 6269 crashes.32-bi\n-0003fda0: 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kOpenBSD \n+0003fd80: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003fd90: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 0a33 322d crashes.32-\n+0003fda0: 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 bit kOpenBSD \n 0003fdb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003fdc0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003fdd0: 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 yes.64-bit kOpe\n-0003fde0: 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nBSD \n-0003fdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-0003fe00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d yes.M\n-0003fe10: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 ultiboot \n+0003fdc0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003fdd0: 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f yes.64-bit kO\n+0003fde0: 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 penBSD \n+0003fdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+0003fe00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+0003fe10: 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 .Multiboot \n 0003fe20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003fe30: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003fe40: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f yes.Multibo\n-0003fe50: 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot2 \n-0003fe60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-0003fe70: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n-0003fe80: 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 es.32-bit Linux \n-0003fe90: 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (legacy protocol\n-0003fea0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 ) yes \n-0003feb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n-0003fec0: 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 64-bit Linux (le\n-0003fed0: 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 gacy protocol) \n-0003fee0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003fef0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d no (1).32-\n-0003ff00: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 bit Linux (moder\n-0003ff10: 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 n protocol) \n-0003ff20: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003ff30: 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 yes.64-bit Li\n-0003ff40: 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 nux (modern prot\n-0003ff50: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 ocol) yes \n-0003ff60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-0003ff70: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 .32-bit XNU \n+0003fe30: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003fe40: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 yes.Multi\n+0003fe50: 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot2 \n+0003fe60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0003fe70: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003fe80: 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 yes.32-bit Linu\n+0003fe90: 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 x (legacy protoc\n+0003fea0: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 ol) yes \n+0003feb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+0003fec0: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 ).64-bit Linux (\n+0003fed0: 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 legacy protocol)\n+0003fee0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003fef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 no (1).3\n+0003ff00: 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 2-bit Linux (mod\n+0003ff10: 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 ern protocol) \n+0003ff20: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003ff30: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 yes.64-bit \n+0003ff40: 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 Linux (modern pr\n+0003ff50: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 otocol) ye\n+0003ff60: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n+0003ff70: 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 es.32-bit XNU \n 0003ff80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003ff90: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-0003ffa0: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 ?.64-bit \n-0003ffb0: 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n-0003ffc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-0003ffd0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f s ?\n-0003ffe0: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 .32-bit EFI chai\n-0003fff0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 nloader \n-00040000: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00040010: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 no (2).64\n-00040020: 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f -bit EFI chainlo\n-00040030: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n-00040040: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00040050: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 no (2).Apple\n-00040060: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+0003ff90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+0003ffa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 ?.64-bi\n+0003ffb0: 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t XNU \n+0003ffc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0003ffd0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+0003ffe0: 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 ?.32-bit EFI ch\n+0003fff0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ainloader \n+00040000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 no (2) \n+00040010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a no (2).\n+00040020: 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 64-bit EFI chain\n+00040030: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+00040040: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00040050: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 no (2).App\n+00040060: 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 leloader \n 00040070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040080: 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00040090: 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 no (2).. \n+00040080: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00040090: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 no (2).. \n 000400a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000400b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d75 Mu\n-000400c0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2051 ltiboot Q\n-000400d0: 656d 750a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f emu.BIOS chainlo\n-000400e0: 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ading \n-000400f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 no (1) \n-00040100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00040110: 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .NTLDR \n+000400b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000400c0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot \n+000400d0: 2051 656d 750a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e Qemu.BIOS chain\n+000400e0: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 loading \n+000400f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00040100: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n+00040110: 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 1).NTLDR \n 00040120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040130: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00040140: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c no (1).Pl\n-00040150: 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 an9 \n+00040130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 no (1) \n+00040140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+00040150: 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 Plan9 \n 00040160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040170: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00040180: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 no (1).FreeD\n-00040190: 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 OS \n+00040170: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00040180: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 no (1).Fre\n+00040190: 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eDOS \n 000401a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000401b0: 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-000401c0: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 no (1).FreeBSD \n-000401d0: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 bootloader \n-000401e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n-000401f0: 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 6372 shes (1) cr\n-00040200: 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 ashes (1).32-bit\n-00040210: 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n-00040220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n-00040230: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 2020 2020 2020 rashes (5) \n-00040240: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3634 2d62 crashes (5).64-b\n-00040250: 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kFreeBSD \n+000401b0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+000401c0: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 no (1).FreeBS\n+000401d0: 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 D bootloader \n+000401e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n+000401f0: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 rashes (1) \n+00040200: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 crashes (1).32-b\n+00040210: 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kFreeBSD \n+00040220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00040230: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 2020 2020 crashes (5) \n+00040240: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3634 crashes (5).64\n+00040250: 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 -bit kFreeBSD \n 00040260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040270: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 2020 2020 crashes (5) \n-00040280: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3332 crashes (5).32\n-00040290: 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 -bit kNetBSD \n+00040270: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 2020 crashes (5) \n+00040280: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a crashes (5).\n+00040290: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 32-bit kNetBSD \n 000402a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000402b0: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 crashes (1) \n-000402c0: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a crashes (1).\n-000402d0: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 64-bit kNetBSD \n+000402b0: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n+000402c0: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 crashes (1\n+000402d0: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 ).64-bit kNetBSD\n 000402e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000402f0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00040300: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 yes.32-bit\n-00040310: 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n-00040320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00040330: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00040340: 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e yes.64-bit kOpen\n-00040350: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n-00040360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00040370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 yes.Mu\n-00040380: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 ltiboot \n+000402f0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00040300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 yes.32-b\n+00040310: 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kOpenBSD \n+00040320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00040330: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00040340: 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 yes.64-bit kOp\n+00040350: 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enBSD \n+00040360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00040370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00040380: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot \n 00040390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000403a0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000403b0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f yes.Multiboo\n-000403c0: 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t2 \n-000403d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-000403e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-000403f0: 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 s.32-bit Linux (\n-00040400: 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 legacy protocol)\n-00040410: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 no (1) \n-00040420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 no (1).6\n-00040430: 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 4-bit Linux (leg\n-00040440: 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 acy protocol) \n-00040450: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00040460: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 no (1).32-b\n-00040470: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e it Linux (modern\n-00040480: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-00040490: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000404a0: 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e yes.64-bit Lin\n-000404b0: 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f ux (modern proto\n-000404c0: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 col) yes \n-000404d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n-000404e0: 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 32-bit XNU \n+000403a0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000403b0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 yes.Multib\n+000403c0: 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot2 \n+000403d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n+000403e0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+000403f0: 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 yes.32-bit Linux\n+00040400: 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f (legacy protoco\n+00040410: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 l) no (1) \n+00040420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+00040430: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c .64-bit Linux (l\n+00040440: 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 egacy protocol) \n+00040450: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00040460: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 no (1).32\n+00040470: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 -bit Linux (mode\n+00040480: 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 rn protocol) \n+00040490: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000404a0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c yes.64-bit L\n+000404b0: 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f inux (modern pro\n+000404c0: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 tocol) yes\n+000404d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+000404e0: 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 s.32-bit XNU \n 000404f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040500: 2020 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n-00040510: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 ?.64-bit X\n-00040520: 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NU \n-00040530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 2020 ? \n-00040540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a ?.\n-00040550: 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 32-bit EFI chain\n-00040560: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n-00040570: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00040580: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 342d no (2).64-\n-00040590: 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 bit EFI chainloa\n-000405a0: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n-000405b0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-000405c0: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c 656c no (2).Applel\n-000405d0: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n-000405e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-000405f0: 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (2) \n-00040600: 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2).. \n+00040500: 2020 2020 2020 203f 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n+00040510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 ?.64-bit\n+00040520: 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n+00040530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f ?\n+00040540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00040550: 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 ?.32-bit EFI cha\n+00040560: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 inloader \n+00040570: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 no (2) \n+00040580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 no (2).6\n+00040590: 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 4-bit EFI chainl\n+000405a0: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n+000405b0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+000405c0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c no (2).Appl\n+000405d0: 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 eloader \n+000405e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000405f0: 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00040600: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 no (2).. \n 00040610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6133 ia3\n-00040630: 3220 4546 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 616d 2 EFI am\n-00040640: 6436 3420 4546 490a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 d64 EFI.BIOS cha\n-00040650: 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 inloading \n-00040660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00040670: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (1) no\n-00040680: 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 (1).NTLDR \n+00040620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n+00040630: 6133 3220 4546 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 a32 EFI \n+00040640: 616d 6436 3420 4546 490a 4249 4f53 2063 amd64 EFI.BIOS c\n+00040650: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 hainloading \n+00040660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+00040670: 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (1) \n+00040680: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 no (1).NTLDR \n 00040690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000406a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-000406b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-000406c0: 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 ).Plan9 \n+000406a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+000406b0: 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 1) no \n+000406c0: 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 (1).Plan9 \n 000406d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000406e0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 no (1) \n-000406f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 no (1).F\n-00040700: 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 reeDOS \n+000406e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 no (1) \n+000406f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+00040700: 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 .FreeDOS \n 00040710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040720: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00040730: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 no (1).Free\n-00040740: 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 BSD bootloader \n+00040720: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00040730: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 no (1).Fr\n+00040740: 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 eeBSD bootloader\n 00040750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040760: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 crashes (1) \n-00040770: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 crashes (1).32\n-00040780: 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 -bit kFreeBSD \n+00040760: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 crashes (1) \n+00040770: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a crashes (1).\n+00040780: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 32-bit kFreeBSD \n 00040790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000407a0: 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 headless \n-000407b0: 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a36 342d headless.64-\n-000407c0: 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 bit kFreeBSD \n+000407a0: 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 headless \n+000407b0: 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a36 headless.6\n+000407c0: 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 4-bit kFreeBSD \n 000407d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000407e0: 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 headless \n-000407f0: 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 3332 2d62 headless.32-b\n-00040800: 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 it kNetBSD \n+000407e0: 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 headless \n+000407f0: 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 3332 headless.32\n+00040800: 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 -bit kNetBSD \n 00040810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040820: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 2020 crashes (1) \n-00040830: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 crashes (1).64\n-00040840: 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 -bit kNetBSD \n+00040820: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 2020 crashes (1) \n+00040830: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a crashes (1).\n+00040840: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 64-bit kNetBSD \n 00040850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040860: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00040870: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b yes.32-bit k\n-00040880: 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 OpenBSD \n-00040890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 hea\n-000408a0: 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 dless he\n-000408b0: 6164 6c65 7373 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f adless.64-bit kO\n-000408c0: 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 penBSD \n-000408d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 head\n-000408e0: 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 less hea\n-000408f0: 646c 6573 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 dless.Multiboot \n-00040900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00040920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n-00040930: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot2 \n+00040860: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00040870: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 yes.32-bit\n+00040880: 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n+00040890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 h\n+000408a0: 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 eadless \n+000408b0: 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a36 342d 6269 7420 headless.64-bit \n+000408c0: 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n+000408d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 he\n+000408e0: 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 adless h\n+000408f0: 6561 646c 6573 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f eadless.Multiboo\n+00040900: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n+00040910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00040920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00040930: 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 s.Multiboot2 \n 00040940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040950: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00040960: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 yes.32-bit\n-00040970: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 Linux (legacy p\n-00040980: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e rotocol) n\n-00040990: 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (1) \n-000409a0: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 no (1).64-bit Li\n-000409b0: 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 nux (legacy prot\n-000409c0: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ocol) no (\n-000409d0: 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 1) no \n-000409e0: 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 (1).32-bit Linux\n-000409f0: 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f (modern protoco\n-00040a00: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 l) yes \n-00040a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 yes.64\n-00040a20: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 -bit Linux (mode\n-00040a30: 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 rn protocol) \n-00040a40: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00040a50: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 yes.32-bit X\n-00040a60: 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NU \n-00040a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00040a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00040a90: 730a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 s.64-bit XNU \n+00040950: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00040960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 yes.32-b\n+00040970: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 it Linux (legacy\n+00040980: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+00040990: 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+000409a0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 no (1).64-bit \n+000409b0: 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 Linux (legacy pr\n+000409c0: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f otocol) no\n+000409d0: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (1) n\n+000409e0: 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e o (1).32-bit Lin\n+000409f0: 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f ux (modern proto\n+00040a00: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 col) yes \n+00040a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00040a20: 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 64-bit Linux (mo\n+00040a30: 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 dern protocol) \n+00040a40: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00040a50: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 yes.32-bit\n+00040a60: 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n+00040a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n+00040a80: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+00040a90: 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 yes.64-bit XNU \n 00040aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 3429 2020 yes (4) \n-00040ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 yes.32-b\n-00040ad0: 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 it EFI chainload\n-00040ae0: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n-00040af0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00040b00: 2020 6e6f 2028 3329 0a36 342d 6269 7420 no (3).64-bit \n-00040b10: 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 EFI chainloader \n-00040b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-00040b30: 2028 3329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 (3) y\n-00040b40: 6573 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 es.Appleloader \n+00040ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 3429 yes (4)\n+00040ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 yes.32\n+00040ad0: 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f -bit EFI chainlo\n+00040ae0: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n+00040af0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00040b00: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3329 0a36 342d 6269 no (3).64-bi\n+00040b10: 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 t EFI chainloade\n+00040b20: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+00040b30: 6e6f 2028 3329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (3) \n+00040b40: 2079 6573 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 yes.Appleloader\n 00040b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00040b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a0a 2020 yes.. \n+00040b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00040b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a0a yes..\n 00040b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00040b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040ba0: 2020 2069 6133 3220 4945 4545 3132 3735 ia32 IEEE1275\n-00040bb0: 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 .BIOS chainloadi\n-00040bc0: 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng \n-00040bd0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c no (1).NTL\n-00040be0: 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 DR \n+00040ba0: 2020 2020 2069 6133 3220 4945 4545 3132 ia32 IEEE12\n+00040bb0: 3735 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 75.BIOS chainloa\n+00040bc0: 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding \n+00040bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e no (1).N\n+00040be0: 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 TLDR \n 00040bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040c00: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 no (1).Plan9 \n+00040c00: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 no (1).Plan9\n 00040c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-00040c30: 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 2020 (1).FreeDOS \n+00040c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00040c30: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6544 4f53 2020 no (1).FreeDOS \n 00040c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00040c60: 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 .FreeBSD bootloa\n-00040c70: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n-00040c80: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 crashes (1\n-00040c90: 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 ).32-bit kFreeBS\n-00040ca0: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n-00040cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n-00040cc0: 3529 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5).64-bit kFreeB\n-00040cd0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-00040ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n-00040cf0: 2835 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 (5).32-bit kNetB\n-00040d00: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-00040d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n-00040d20: 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 (1).64-bit kNet\n-00040d30: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n-00040d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 ?.32-b\n-00040d50: 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kOpenBSD \n+00040c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+00040c60: 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 1).FreeBSD bootl\n+00040c70: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n+00040c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n+00040c90: 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 (1).32-bit kFree\n+00040ca0: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n+00040cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n+00040cc0: 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 (5).64-bit kFre\n+00040cd0: 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eBSD \n+00040ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 crashe\n+00040cf0: 7320 2835 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 s (5).32-bit kNe\n+00040d00: 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tBSD \n+00040d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n+00040d20: 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e es (1).64-bit kN\n+00040d30: 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 etBSD \n+00040d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 ?.32\n+00040d50: 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 -bit kOpenBSD \n 00040d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040d70: 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 ?.64-bit kOpenB\n-00040d80: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-00040d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 4d75 6c74 6962 ?.Multib\n-00040da0: 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot \n-00040db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f ?\n-00040dc0: 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 .Multiboot2 \n+00040d70: 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 ?.64-bit kOpe\n+00040d80: 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nBSD \n+00040d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 4d75 6c74 ?.Mult\n+00040da0: 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iboot \n+00040db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00040dc0: 203f 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 ?.Multiboot2 \n 00040dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040de0: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 204c ?.32-bit L\n-00040df0: 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f inux (legacy pro\n-00040e00: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 tocol) no \n-00040e10: 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 (1).64-bit Linux\n-00040e20: 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f (legacy protoco\n-00040e30: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a l) no (1).\n-00040e40: 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 32-bit Linux (mo\n-00040e50: 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 dern protocol) \n-00040e60: 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 ?.64-bit Li\n-00040e70: 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 nux (modern prot\n-00040e80: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 ocol) ?.32\n-00040e90: 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 -bit XNU \n+00040de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 ?.32-bit\n+00040df0: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 Linux (legacy p\n+00040e00: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e rotocol) n\n+00040e10: 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e o (1).64-bit Lin\n+00040e20: 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f ux (legacy proto\n+00040e30: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 col) no (1\n+00040e40: 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 ).32-bit Linux (\n+00040e50: 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 modern protocol)\n+00040e60: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 ?.64-bit \n+00040e70: 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 Linux (modern pr\n+00040e80: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 3f0a otocol) ?.\n+00040e90: 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 32-bit XNU \n 00040ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040eb0: 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 ?.64-bit XNU \n-00040ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 ?.32-b\n-00040ee0: 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 it EFI chainload\n-00040ef0: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n-00040f00: 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 no (2).64-bit E\n-00040f10: 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 FI chainloader \n-00040f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00040f30: 2832 290a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 (2).Appleloader \n-00040f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00040f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a no (2).\n-00040f60: 0a20 2031 2e20 5265 7175 6972 6573 2042 . 1. Requires B\n-00040f70: 494f 530a 2020 322e 2045 4649 206f 6e6c IOS. 2. EFI onl\n-00040f80: 790a 2020 332e 2033 322d 6269 7420 616e y. 3. 32-bit an\n-00040f90: 6420 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2068 6176 d 64-bit EFI hav\n-00040fa0: 6520 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 7374 7275 e different stru\n-00040fb0: 6374 7572 6573 2061 6e64 2077 6f72 6b20 ctures and work \n-00040fc0: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6666 6572 656e in. differen\n-00040fd0: 7420 4350 5520 6d6f 6465 7320 736f 2069 t CPU modes so i\n-00040fe0: 7427 7320 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 t's not possible\n-00040ff0: 2074 6f20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6420 3332 to chainload 32\n-00041000: 2d62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 6c6f -bit. bootlo\n-00041010: 6164 6572 206f 6e20 3634 2d62 6974 2070 ader on 64-bit p\n-00041020: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 616e 6420 7669 6365 latform and vice\n-00041030: 2d76 6572 7361 0a20 2034 2e20 536f 6d65 -versa. 4. Some\n-00041040: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206d 6179 206e 6565 modules may nee\n-00041050: 6420 746f 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 d to be disabled\n-00041060: 0a20 2035 2e20 5265 7175 6972 6573 2041 . 5. Requires A\n-00041070: 4350 490a 0a20 2020 506f 7765 7250 432c CPI.. PowerPC,\n-00041080: 2049 4136 3420 616e 6420 5370 6172 6336 IA64 and Sparc6\n-00041090: 3420 706f 7274 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7420 4 ports support \n-000410a0: 6f6e 6c79 204c 696e 7578 2e20 204d 4950 only Linux. MIP\n-000410b0: 5320 706f 7274 0a73 7570 706f 7274 7320 S port.supports \n-000410c0: 4c69 6e75 7820 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 6962 Linux and multib\n-000410d0: 6f6f 7432 2e0a 0a32 312e 3120 426f 6f74 oot2...21.1 Boot\n-000410e0: 2074 6573 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d tests.=========\n-000410f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4173 2079 6f75 2068 ======..As you h\n-00041100: 6176 6520 7365 656e 2069 6e20 7072 6576 ave seen in prev\n-00041110: 696f 7573 2063 6861 7074 6572 2074 6865 ious chapter the\n-00041120: 2073 7570 706f 7274 206d 6174 7269 7820 support matrix \n-00041130: 6973 2070 7265 7474 7920 6269 670a 616e is pretty big.an\n-00041140: 6420 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f d some of the co\n-00041150: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2061 7265 nfigurations are\n-00041160: 206f 6e6c 7920 7261 7265 6c79 2075 7365 only rarely use\n-00041170: 642e 2020 546f 2065 6e73 7572 6520 7468 d. To ensure th\n-00041180: 650a 7175 616c 6974 7920 626f 6f74 6368 e.quality bootch\n-00041190: 6563 6b73 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 ecks are availab\n-000411a0: 6c65 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 2078 3836 2074 le for all x86 t\n-000411b0: 6172 6765 7473 2065 7863 6570 7420 4546 argets except EF\n-000411c0: 490a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2041 I.chainloader, A\n-000411d0: 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 2058 ppleloader and X\n-000411e0: 4e55 2e20 416c 6c20 7838 3620 706c 6174 NU. All x86 plat\n-000411f0: 666f 726d 7320 6861 7665 2062 6f6f 7463 forms have bootc\n-00041200: 6865 636b 0a66 6163 696c 6974 7920 6578 heck.facility ex\n-00041210: 6365 7074 2069 6565 6531 3237 352e 2020 cept ieee1275. \n-00041220: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 206d 756c 7469 Multiboot, multi\n-00041230: 626f 6f74 322c 2042 494f 5320 6368 6169 boot2, BIOS chai\n-00041240: 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 0a6e 746c 6472 2061 nloader,.ntldr a\n-00041250: 6e64 2066 7265 6562 7364 2d62 6f6f 746c nd freebsd-bootl\n-00041260: 6f61 6465 7220 626f 6f74 2074 6172 6765 oader boot targe\n-00041270: 7473 2061 7265 2074 6573 7465 6420 6f6e ts are tested on\n-00041280: 6c79 2077 6974 6820 6120 6661 6b65 0a6b ly with a fake.k\n-00041290: 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6573 2e20 204f ernel images. O\n-000412a0: 6e6c 7920 4c69 6e75 7820 6973 2074 6573 nly Linux is tes\n-000412b0: 7465 6420 616d 6f6e 6720 7468 6520 7061 ted among the pa\n-000412c0: 796c 6f61 6473 2075 7369 6e67 204c 696e yloads using Lin\n-000412d0: 7578 0a70 726f 746f 636f 6c73 2e0a 0a20 ux.protocols... \n-000412e0: 2020 466f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7661 7269 Following vari\n-000412f0: 6162 6c65 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6465 ables must be de\n-00041300: 6669 6e65 643a 0a0a 4752 5542 5f50 4159 fined:..GRUB_PAY\n-00041310: 4c4f 4144 535f 4449 5220 2020 2020 2064 LOADS_DIR d\n-00041320: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 696e irectory contain\n-00041330: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 ing the required\n-00041340: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 0a47 5255 425f 4342 kernels.GRUB_CB\n-00041350: 4653 544f 4f4c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 FSTOOL \n-00041360: 6362 6673 746f 6f6c 2066 726f 6d20 436f cbfstool from Co\n-00041370: 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6163 6b61 6765 2028 reboot package (\n-00041380: 666f 7220 636f 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 for coreboot. \n+00040eb0: 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e ?.64-bit XN\n+00040ec0: 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 U \n+00040ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 ?.32\n+00040ee0: 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f -bit EFI chainlo\n+00040ef0: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n+00040f00: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 2d62 6974 no (2).64-bit\n+00040f10: 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 EFI chainloader\n+00040f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+00040f30: 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 o (2).Appleloade\n+00040f40: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+00040f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n+00040f60: 290a 0a20 2031 2e20 5265 7175 6972 6573 ).. 1. Requires\n+00040f70: 2042 494f 530a 2020 322e 2045 4649 206f BIOS. 2. EFI o\n+00040f80: 6e6c 790a 2020 332e 2033 322d 6269 7420 nly. 3. 32-bit \n+00040f90: 616e 6420 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2068 and 64-bit EFI h\n+00040fa0: 6176 6520 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 7374 ave different st\n+00040fb0: 7275 6374 7572 6573 2061 6e64 2077 6f72 ructures and wor\n+00040fc0: 6b20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6666 6572 k in. differ\n+00040fd0: 656e 7420 4350 5520 6d6f 6465 7320 736f ent CPU modes so\n+00040fe0: 2069 7427 7320 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 it's not possib\n+00040ff0: 6c65 2074 6f20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6420 le to chainload \n+00041000: 3332 2d62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 32-bit. boot\n+00041010: 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 3634 2d62 6974 loader on 64-bit\n+00041020: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 616e 6420 7669 platform and vi\n+00041030: 6365 2d76 6572 7361 0a20 2034 2e20 536f ce-versa. 4. So\n+00041040: 6d65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206d 6179 206e me modules may n\n+00041050: 6565 6420 746f 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c eed to be disabl\n+00041060: 6564 0a20 2035 2e20 5265 7175 6972 6573 ed. 5. Requires\n+00041070: 2041 4350 490a 0a20 2020 506f 7765 7250 ACPI.. PowerP\n+00041080: 432c 2049 4136 3420 616e 6420 5370 6172 C, IA64 and Spar\n+00041090: 6336 3420 706f 7274 7320 7375 7070 6f72 c64 ports suppor\n+000410a0: 7420 6f6e 6c79 204c 696e 7578 2e20 204d t only Linux. M\n+000410b0: 4950 5320 706f 7274 0a73 7570 706f 7274 IPS port.support\n+000410c0: 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 s Linux and mult\n+000410d0: 6962 6f6f 7432 2e0a 0a32 312e 3120 426f iboot2...21.1 Bo\n+000410e0: 6f74 2074 6573 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ot tests.=======\n+000410f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4173 2079 6f75 ========..As you\n+00041100: 2068 6176 6520 7365 656e 2069 6e20 7072 have seen in pr\n+00041110: 6576 696f 7573 2063 6861 7074 6572 2074 evious chapter t\n+00041120: 6865 2073 7570 706f 7274 206d 6174 7269 he support matri\n+00041130: 7820 6973 2070 7265 7474 7920 6269 670a x is pretty big.\n+00041140: 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 and some of the \n+00041150: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2061 configurations a\n+00041160: 7265 206f 6e6c 7920 7261 7265 6c79 2075 re only rarely u\n+00041170: 7365 642e 2020 546f 2065 6e73 7572 6520 sed. To ensure \n+00041180: 7468 650a 7175 616c 6974 7920 626f 6f74 the.quality boot\n+00041190: 6368 6563 6b73 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c checks are avail\n+000411a0: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 2078 3836 able for all x86\n+000411b0: 2074 6172 6765 7473 2065 7863 6570 7420 targets except \n+000411c0: 4546 490a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c EFI.chainloader,\n+000411d0: 2041 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 Appleloader and\n+000411e0: 2058 4e55 2e20 416c 6c20 7838 3620 706c XNU. All x86 pl\n+000411f0: 6174 666f 726d 7320 6861 7665 2062 6f6f atforms have boo\n+00041200: 7463 6865 636b 0a66 6163 696c 6974 7920 tcheck.facility \n+00041210: 6578 6365 7074 2069 6565 6531 3237 352e except ieee1275.\n+00041220: 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 206d 756c Multiboot, mul\n+00041230: 7469 626f 6f74 322c 2042 494f 5320 6368 tiboot2, BIOS ch\n+00041240: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 0a6e 746c 6472 ainloader,.ntldr\n+00041250: 2061 6e64 2066 7265 6562 7364 2d62 6f6f and freebsd-boo\n+00041260: 746c 6f61 6465 7220 626f 6f74 2074 6172 tloader boot tar\n+00041270: 6765 7473 2061 7265 2074 6573 7465 6420 gets are tested \n+00041280: 6f6e 6c79 2077 6974 6820 6120 6661 6b65 only with a fake\n+00041290: 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6573 2e20 .kernel images. \n+000412a0: 204f 6e6c 7920 4c69 6e75 7820 6973 2074 Only Linux is t\n+000412b0: 6573 7465 6420 616d 6f6e 6720 7468 6520 ested among the \n+000412c0: 7061 796c 6f61 6473 2075 7369 6e67 204c payloads using L\n+000412d0: 696e 7578 0a70 726f 746f 636f 6c73 2e0a inux.protocols..\n+000412e0: 0a20 2020 466f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7661 . Following va\n+000412f0: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 riables must be \n+00041300: 6465 6669 6e65 643a 0a0a 4752 5542 5f50 defined:..GRUB_P\n+00041310: 4159 4c4f 4144 535f 4449 5220 2020 2020 AYLOADS_DIR \n+00041320: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 directory conta\n+00041330: 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 6972 ining the requir\n+00041340: 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 0a47 5255 425f ed kernels.GRUB_\n+00041350: 4342 4653 544f 4f4c 2020 2020 2020 2020 CBFSTOOL \n+00041360: 2020 6362 6673 746f 6f6c 2066 726f 6d20 cbfstool from \n+00041370: 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6163 6b61 6765 Coreboot package\n+00041380: 2028 666f 7220 636f 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 (for coreboot. \n 00041390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000413a0: 2020 2020 706c 6174 666f 726d 206f 6e6c platform onl\n-000413b0: 7929 0a47 5255 425f 434f 5245 424f 4f54 y).GRUB_COREBOOT\n-000413c0: 5f52 4f4d 2020 2020 2020 656d 7074 7920 _ROM empty \n-000413d0: 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2052 4f4d 0a47 5255 Coreboot ROM.GRU\n-000413e0: 425f 5145 4d55 5f4f 5054 5320 2020 2020 B_QEMU_OPTS \n-000413f0: 2020 2020 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206f additional o\n-00041400: 7074 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 6265 2073 7570 ptions to be sup\n-00041410: 706c 6965 6420 746f 2051 454d 550a 0a20 plied to QEMU.. \n-00041420: 2020 5265 7175 6972 6564 2066 696c 6573 Required files\n-00041430: 2061 7265 3a0a 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 645f are:..kfreebsd_\n-00041440: 656e 762e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 env.i386 \n-00041450: 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 32-bit kFre\n-00041460: 6542 5344 2064 6576 6963 6520 6869 6e74 eBSD device hint\n-00041470: 730a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 2e69 3338 3620 s.kfreebsd.i386 \n-00041480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00041490: 3332 2d62 6974 2046 7265 6542 5344 206b 32-bit FreeBSD k\n-000414a0: 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 650a 6b66 7265 ernel image.kfre\n-000414b0: 6562 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 342c 2020 2020 ebsd.x86_64, \n-000414c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7361 6d65 2066 same f\n-000414d0: 726f 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 rom 64-bit kFree\n-000414e0: 4253 440a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f65 6e76 BSD.kfreebsd_env\n-000414f0: 2e78 3836 5f36 340a 6b6e 6574 6273 642e .x86_64.knetbsd.\n-00041500: 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 i386 \n-00041510: 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 204e 6574 32-bit Net\n-00041520: 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 BSD kernel image\n-00041530: 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 2e6d 696e 6972 6f6f .knetbsd.miniroo\n-00041540: 742e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 t.i386 3\n-00041550: 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 6d69 2-bit kNetBSD mi\n-00041560: 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 642e 0a6b 6e65 niroot.kmod..kne\n-00041570: 7462 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 342c 2020 2020 tbsd.x86_64, \n-00041580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 616d 6520 same \n-00041590: 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 from 64-bit kNet\n-000415a0: 4253 440a 6b6e 6574 6273 642e 6d69 6e69 BSD.knetbsd.mini\n-000415b0: 726f 6f74 2e78 3836 5f36 340a 6b6f 7065 root.x86_64.kope\n-000415c0: 6e62 7364 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 nbsd.i386 \n-000415d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 32-bit\n-000415e0: 204f 7065 6e42 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 OpenBSD kernel \n-000415f0: 6273 642e 7264 2069 6d61 6765 0a6b 6f70 bsd.rd image.kop\n-00041600: 656e 6273 642e 7838 365f 3634 2020 2020 enbsd.x86_64 \n-00041610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 616d 6520 same \n-00041620: 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 from 64-bit kOpe\n-00041630: 6e42 5344 0a6c 696e 7578 2e69 3338 3620 nBSD.linux.i386 \n-00041640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00041650: 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 780a 32-bit Linux.\n-00041660: 6c69 6e75 782e 7838 365f 3634 2020 2020 linux.x86_64 \n-00041670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3634 64\n-00041680: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 0a0a 1f0a 4669 -bit Linux....Fi\n-00041690: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000416a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f Node: Troublesho\n-000416b0: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e oting, Next: In\n-000416c0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 voking grub-inst\n-000416d0: 616c 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5375 7070 all, Prev: Supp\n-000416e0: 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2020 orted kernels, \n-000416f0: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3220 4572 726f Up: Top..22 Erro\n-00041700: 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2070 726f 6475 r messages produ\n-00041710: 6365 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a ced by GRUB.****\n+000413a0: 2020 2020 2020 706c 6174 666f 726d 206f platform o\n+000413b0: 6e6c 7929 0a47 5255 425f 434f 5245 424f nly).GRUB_COREBO\n+000413c0: 4f54 5f52 4f4d 2020 2020 2020 656d 7074 OT_ROM empt\n+000413d0: 7920 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2052 4f4d 0a47 y Coreboot ROM.G\n+000413e0: 5255 425f 5145 4d55 5f4f 5054 5320 2020 RUB_QEMU_OPTS \n+000413f0: 2020 2020 2020 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c additional\n+00041400: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 6265 2073 options to be s\n+00041410: 7570 706c 6965 6420 746f 2051 454d 550a upplied to QEMU.\n+00041420: 0a20 2020 5265 7175 6972 6564 2066 696c . Required fil\n+00041430: 6573 2061 7265 3a0a 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 es are:..kfreebs\n+00041440: 645f 656e 762e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 d_env.i386 \n+00041450: 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 6b46 32-bit kF\n+00041460: 7265 6542 5344 2064 6576 6963 6520 6869 reeBSD device hi\n+00041470: 6e74 730a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 2e69 3338 nts.kfreebsd.i38\n+00041480: 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6 \n+00041490: 2020 3332 2d62 6974 2046 7265 6542 5344 32-bit FreeBSD\n+000414a0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 650a 6b66 kernel image.kf\n+000414b0: 7265 6562 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 342c 2020 reebsd.x86_64, \n+000414c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7361 6d65 same\n+000414d0: 2066 726f 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 from 64-bit kFr\n+000414e0: 6565 4253 440a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f65 eeBSD.kfreebsd_e\n+000414f0: 6e76 2e78 3836 5f36 340a 6b6e 6574 6273 nv.x86_64.knetbs\n+00041500: 642e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d.i386 \n+00041510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 204e 32-bit N\n+00041520: 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 etBSD kernel ima\n+00041530: 6765 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 2e6d 696e 6972 ge.knetbsd.minir\n+00041540: 6f6f 742e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot.i386 \n+00041550: 2033 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 32-bit kNetBSD \n+00041560: 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 642e 0a6b miniroot.kmod..k\n+00041570: 6e65 7462 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 342c 2020 netbsd.x86_64, \n+00041580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 616d sam\n+00041590: 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 7420 6b4e e from 64-bit kN\n+000415a0: 6574 4253 440a 6b6e 6574 6273 642e 6d69 etBSD.knetbsd.mi\n+000415b0: 6e69 726f 6f74 2e78 3836 5f36 340a 6b6f niroot.x86_64.ko\n+000415c0: 7065 6e62 7364 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 penbsd.i386 \n+000415d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 32-b\n+000415e0: 6974 204f 7065 6e42 5344 206b 6572 6e65 it OpenBSD kerne\n+000415f0: 6c20 6273 642e 7264 2069 6d61 6765 0a6b l bsd.rd image.k\n+00041600: 6f70 656e 6273 642e 7838 365f 3634 2020 openbsd.x86_64 \n+00041610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 616d sam\n+00041620: 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 7420 6b4f e from 64-bit kO\n+00041630: 7065 6e42 5344 0a6c 696e 7578 2e69 3338 penBSD.linux.i38\n+00041640: 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6 \n+00041650: 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 32-bit Linu\n+00041660: 780a 6c69 6e75 782e 7838 365f 3634 2020 x.linux.x86_64 \n+00041670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00041680: 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 0a0a 1f0a 64-bit Linux....\n+00041690: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000416a0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 Node: Troubles\n+000416b0: 686f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 hooting, Next: \n+000416c0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e Invoking grub-in\n+000416d0: 7374 616c 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5375 stall, Prev: Su\n+000416e0: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 732c pported kernels,\n+000416f0: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3220 4572 Up: Top..22 Er\n+00041700: 726f 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2070 726f ror messages pro\n+00041710: 6475 6365 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2a2a duced by GRUB.**\n 00041720: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00041730: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n-00041740: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 5255 4220 * Menu:..* GRUB \n-00041750: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 only offers a re\n-00041760: 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 3a3a 0a2a 2046 scue shell::.* F\n-00041770: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 irmware stalls i\n-00041780: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e nstead of bootin\n-00041790: 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 g GRUB::....File\n-000417a0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000417b0: 6465 3a20 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 de: GRUB only of\n-000417c0: 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 fers a rescue sh\n-000417d0: 656c 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 726d ell, Next: Firm\n-000417e0: 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 ware stalls inst\n-000417f0: 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 ead of booting G\n-00041800: 5255 422c 2020 5570 3a20 5472 6f75 626c RUB, Up: Troubl\n-00041810: 6573 686f 6f74 696e 670a 0a32 322e 3120 eshooting..22.1 \n-00041820: 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 GRUB only offers\n-00041830: 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c0a a rescue shell.\n-00041840: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00041730: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00041740: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 5255 ..* Menu:..* GRU\n+00041750: 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 B only offers a \n+00041760: 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 3a3a 0a2a rescue shell::.*\n+00041770: 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 Firmware stalls\n+00041780: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 instead of boot\n+00041790: 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ing GRUB::....Fi\n+000417a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000417b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 Node: GRUB only \n+000417c0: 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 offers a rescue \n+000417d0: 7368 656c 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 shell, Next: Fi\n+000417e0: 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e rmware stalls in\n+000417f0: 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 stead of booting\n+00041800: 2047 5255 422c 2020 5570 3a20 5472 6f75 GRUB, Up: Trou\n+00041810: 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 670a 0a32 322e bleshooting..22.\n+00041820: 3120 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 1 GRUB only offe\n+00041830: 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c rs a rescue shel\n+00041840: 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d l.==============\n 00041850: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00041860: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2773 206e 6f72 ====..GRUB's nor\n-00041870: 6d61 6c20 7374 6172 742d 7570 2070 726f mal start-up pro\n-00041880: 6365 6475 7265 2069 6e76 6f6c 7665 7320 cedure involves \n-00041890: 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 2770 7265 setting the 'pre\n-000418a0: 6669 7827 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 fix'.environment\n-000418b0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2061 2076 variable to a v\n-000418c0: 616c 7565 2073 6574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 alue set in the \n-000418d0: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2062 7920 2767 core image by 'g\n-000418e0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c27 2c0a 7365 rub-install',.se\n-000418f0: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 2772 6f6f 7427 tting the 'root'\n-00041900: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 206d 6174 variable to mat\n-00041910: 6368 2c20 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 6520 ch, loading the \n-00041920: 276e 6f72 6d61 6c27 206d 6f64 756c 6520 'normal' module \n-00041930: 6672 6f6d 0a74 6865 2070 7265 6669 782c from.the prefix,\n-00041940: 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 and running the\n-00041950: 2027 6e6f 726d 616c 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 'normal' comman\n-00041960: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a d (*note normal:\n-00041970: 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 730a 636f 6d6d 616e :). This.comman\n-00041980: 6420 6973 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 d is responsible\n-00041990: 2066 6f72 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2027 2f62 for reading '/b\n-000419a0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 oot/grub/grub.cf\n-000419b0: 6727 2c20 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 650a g', running the.\n-000419c0: 6d65 6e75 2c20 616e 6420 646f 696e 6720 menu, and doing \n-000419d0: 616c 6c20 7468 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 all the useful t\n-000419e0: 6869 6e67 7320 4752 5542 2069 7320 7375 hings GRUB is su\n-000419f0: 7070 6f73 6564 2074 6f20 646f 2e0a 0a20 pposed to do... \n-00041a00: 2020 4966 2c20 696e 7374 6561 642c 2079 If, instead, y\n-00041a10: 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 6765 7420 6120 7265 ou only get a re\n-00041a20: 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 7468 6973 scue shell, this\n-00041a30: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206d 6561 6e73 2074 usually means t\n-00041a40: 6861 740a 4752 5542 2066 6169 6c65 6420 hat.GRUB failed \n-00041a50: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 276e 6f72 to load the 'nor\n-00041a60: 6d61 6c27 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 mal' module for \n-00041a70: 736f 6d65 2072 6561 736f 6e2e 2020 4974 some reason. It\n-00041a80: 206d 6179 2062 650a 706f 7373 6962 6c65 may be.possible\n-00041a90: 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2061 726f 756e 6420 to work around \n-00041aa0: 7468 6973 2074 656d 706f 7261 7269 6c79 this temporarily\n-00041ab0: 3a20 666f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 : for instance, \n-00041ac0: 6966 2074 6865 2072 6561 736f 6e0a 666f if the reason.fo\n-00041ad0: 7220 7468 6520 6661 696c 7572 6520 6973 r the failure is\n-00041ae0: 2074 6861 7420 2770 7265 6669 7827 2069 that 'prefix' i\n-00041af0: 7320 7772 6f6e 6720 2870 6572 6861 7073 s wrong (perhaps\n-00041b00: 2069 7420 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 7468 it refers to th\n-00041b10: 650a 7772 6f6e 6720 6465 7669 6365 2c20 e.wrong device, \n-00041b20: 6f72 2070 6572 6861 7073 2074 6865 2070 or perhaps the p\n-00041b30: 6174 6820 746f 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 ath to '/boot/gr\n-00041b40: 7562 2720 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 7272 ub' was not corr\n-00041b50: 6563 746c 7920 6d61 6465 0a72 656c 6174 ectly made.relat\n-00041b60: 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 ive to the devic\n-00041b70: 6529 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e e), then you can\n-00041b80: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2074 6869 7320 616e correct this an\n-00041b90: 6420 656e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d d enter normal m\n-00041ba0: 6f64 650a 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 3a0a 0a20 ode.manually:.. \n-00041bb0: 2020 2020 2320 496e 7370 6563 7420 7468 # Inspect th\n-00041bc0: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 7072 6566 6978 e current prefix\n-00041bd0: 2028 616e 6420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 6573 (and other pres\n-00041be0: 6574 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 293a 0a20 et variables):. \n-00041bf0: 2020 2020 7365 740a 2020 2020 2023 2046 set. # F\n-00041c00: 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 6820 6465 ind out which de\n-00041c10: 7669 6365 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 vices are availa\n-00041c20: 626c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 6c73 0a20 2020 ble:. ls. \n-00041c30: 2020 2320 5365 7420 746f 2074 6865 2063 # Set to the c\n-00041c40: 6f72 7265 6374 2076 616c 7565 2c20 7768 orrect value, wh\n-00041c50: 6963 6820 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2073 6f6d ich might be som\n-00041c60: 6574 6869 6e67 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 ething like this\n-00041c70: 3a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 :. set prefi\n-00041c80: 783d 2868 6430 2c31 292f 6772 7562 0a20 x=(hd0,1)/grub. \n-00041c90: 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 set root=(hd\n-00041ca0: 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 0,1). insmod\n-00041cb0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f72 normal. nor\n-00041cc0: 6d61 6c0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c mal.. However,\n-00041cd0: 2061 6e79 2070 726f 626c 656d 2074 6861 any problem tha\n-00041ce0: 7420 6c65 6176 6573 2079 6f75 2069 6e20 t leaves you in \n-00041cf0: 7468 6520 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c the rescue shell\n-00041d00: 2070 726f 6261 626c 790a 6d65 616e 7320 probably.means \n-00041d10: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 6e6f that GRUB was no\n-00041d20: 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 696e 7374 t correctly inst\n-00041d30: 616c 6c65 642e 2020 4974 206d 6179 2062 alled. It may b\n-00041d40: 6520 6d6f 7265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f e more useful to\n-00041d50: 0a74 7279 2074 6f20 7265 696e 7374 616c .try to reinstal\n-00041d60: 6c20 6974 2070 726f 7065 726c 7920 7573 l it properly us\n-00041d70: 696e 6720 2767 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c ing 'grub-instal\n-00041d80: 6c20 4445 5649 4345 2720 282a 6e6f 7465 l DEVICE' (*note\n-00041d90: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 7562 2d69 Invoking.grub-i\n-00041da0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 2020 5768 656e nstall::). When\n-00041db0: 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 732c 2074 6865 doing this, the\n-00041dc0: 7265 2061 7265 2061 2066 6577 2074 6869 re are a few thi\n-00041dd0: 6e67 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 723a ngs to remember:\n-00041de0: 0a0a 2020 202a 2044 7269 7665 206f 7264 .. * Drive ord\n-00041df0: 6572 696e 6720 696e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 ering in your op\n-00041e00: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206d erating system m\n-00041e10: 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 7468 6520 7361 ay not be the sa\n-00041e20: 6d65 2061 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 me as the. b\n-00041e30: 6f6f 7420 6472 6976 6520 6f72 6465 7269 oot drive orderi\n-00041e40: 6e67 2075 7365 6420 6279 2079 6f75 7220 ng used by your \n-00041e50: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2044 6f20 6e6f firmware. Do no\n-00041e60: 7420 6173 7375 6d65 2074 6861 7420 796f t assume that yo\n-00041e70: 7572 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 6861 ur. first ha\n-00041e80: 7264 2064 7269 7665 2028 652e 672e 2020 rd drive (e.g. \n-00041e90: 272f 6465 762f 7364 6127 2920 6973 2074 '/dev/sda') is t\n-00041ea0: 6865 206f 6e65 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 he one that your\n-00041eb0: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 2020 2020 2077 firmware. w\n-00041ec0: 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 ill boot from. \n-00041ed0: 2764 6576 6963 652e 6d61 7027 2028 2a6e 'device.map' (*n\n-00041ee0: 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a ote Device map::\n-00041ef0: 2920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f ) can be used to\n-00041f00: 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 6572 7269 6465 2074 . override t\n-00041f10: 6869 732c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6973 2075 his, but it is u\n-00041f20: 7375 616c 6c79 2062 6574 7465 7220 746f sually better to\n-00041f30: 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 206f 7220 6669 use UUIDs or fi\n-00041f40: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 206c le system. l\n-00041f50: 6162 656c 7320 616e 6420 6176 6f69 6420 abels and avoid \n-00041f60: 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2064 7269 depending on dri\n-00041f70: 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 656e 7469 ve ordering enti\n-00041f80: 7265 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4174 206c rely... * At l\n-00041f90: 6561 7374 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2073 7973 east on BIOS sys\n-00041fa0: 7465 6d73 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2074 656c tems, if you tel\n-00041fb0: 6c20 2767 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c27 l 'grub-install'\n-00041fc0: 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 to install. \n-00041fd0: 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 2070 6172 7469 GRUB to a parti\n-00041fe0: 7469 6f6e 2062 7574 2047 5255 4220 6861 tion but GRUB ha\n-00041ff0: 7320 616c 7265 6164 7920 6265 656e 2069 s already been i\n-00042000: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a nstalled in the.\n-00042010: 2020 2020 206d 6173 7465 7220 626f 6f74 master boot\n-00042020: 2072 6563 6f72 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 record, then th\n-00042030: 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 e GRUB installat\n-00042040: 696f 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 ion in the parti\n-00042050: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 tion. will b\n-00042060: 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 2020 202a e ignored... *\n-00042070: 2049 6620 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 6974 If possible, it\n-00042080: 2069 7320 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6265 is generally be\n-00042090: 7374 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 696e 7374 st to avoid inst\n-000420a0: 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 alling GRUB to a\n-000420b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 . partition \n-000420c0: 2875 6e6c 6573 7320 6974 2069 7320 6120 (unless it is a \n-000420d0: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f special partitio\n-000420e0: 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 n for the use of\n-000420f0: 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2061 6c6f 6e65 GRUB. alone\n-00042100: 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 7468 6520 4249 , such as the BI\n-00042110: 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f OS Boot Partitio\n-00042120: 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4750 5429 2e20 n used on GPT). \n-00042130: 446f 696e 6720 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 Doing this. \n-00042140: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 means that GRUB \n-00042150: 6d61 7920 7374 6f70 2062 6569 6e67 2061 may stop being a\n-00042160: 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 6974 7320 ble to read its \n-00042170: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2064 7565 2074 core image due t\n-00042180: 6f20 610a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 o a. file sy\n-00042190: 7374 656d 206d 6f76 696e 6720 626c 6f63 stem moving bloc\n-000421a0: 6b73 2061 726f 756e 642c 2073 7563 6820 ks around, such \n-000421b0: 6173 2077 6869 6c65 2064 6566 7261 676d as while defragm\n-000421c0: 656e 7469 6e67 2c0a 2020 2020 2072 756e enting,. run\n-000421d0: 6e69 6e67 2063 6865 636b 732c 206f 7220 ning checks, or \n-000421e0: 6576 656e 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e6f 726d even during norm\n-000421f0: 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 al operation. I\n-00042200: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 nstalling to the\n-00042210: 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b . whole disk\n-00042220: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 device is norma\n-00042230: 6c6c 7920 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 7573 742e lly more robust.\n-00042240: 0a0a 2020 202a 2043 6865 636b 2074 6861 .. * Check tha\n-00042250: 7420 4752 5542 2061 6374 7561 6c6c 7920 t GRUB actually \n-00042260: 6b6e 6f77 7320 686f 7720 746f 2072 6561 knows how to rea\n-00042270: 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 d from the devic\n-00042280: 6520 616e 6420 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 e and file. \n-00042290: 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e system containin\n-000422a0: 6720 272f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 6227 2e20 g '/boot/grub'. \n-000422b0: 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 It will not be \n-000422c0: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2066 726f able to read fro\n-000422d0: 6d0a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 m. encrypted\n-000422e0: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 6974 6820 756e devices with un\n-000422f0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 656e 6372 7970 supported encryp\n-00042300: 7469 6f6e 2073 6368 656d 652c 206e 6f72 tion scheme, nor\n-00042310: 2066 726f 6d20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 from file. \n-00042320: 7379 7374 656d 7320 666f 7220 7768 6963 systems for whic\n-00042330: 6820 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6861 7320 6e6f h support has no\n-00042340: 7420 7965 7420 6265 656e 2061 6464 6564 t yet been added\n-00042350: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c to GRUB.....Fil\n-00042360: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00042370: 6f64 653a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 ode: Firmware st\n-00042380: 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 alls instead of \n-00042390: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2050 booting GRUB, P\n-000423a0: 7265 763a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f rev: GRUB only o\n-000423b0: 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 ffers a rescue s\n-000423c0: 6865 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2054 726f 7562 hell, Up: Troub\n-000423d0: 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 3232 2e32 leshooting..22.2\n-000423e0: 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 Firmware stalls\n-000423f0: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 instead of boot\n-00042400: 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ing GRUB.=======\n+00041860: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2773 206e ======..GRUB's n\n+00041870: 6f72 6d61 6c20 7374 6172 742d 7570 2070 ormal start-up p\n+00041880: 726f 6365 6475 7265 2069 6e76 6f6c 7665 rocedure involve\n+00041890: 7320 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 2770 s setting the 'p\n+000418a0: 7265 6669 7827 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 refix'.environme\n+000418b0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2061 nt variable to a\n+000418c0: 2076 616c 7565 2073 6574 2069 6e20 7468 value set in th\n+000418d0: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2062 7920 e core image by \n+000418e0: 2767 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c27 2c0a 'grub-install',.\n+000418f0: 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 2772 6f6f setting the 'roo\n+00041900: 7427 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 206d t' variable to m\n+00041910: 6174 6368 2c20 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 atch, loading th\n+00041920: 6520 276e 6f72 6d61 6c27 206d 6f64 756c e 'normal' modul\n+00041930: 6520 6672 6f6d 0a74 6865 2070 7265 6669 e from.the prefi\n+00041940: 782c 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 x, and running t\n+00041950: 6865 2027 6e6f 726d 616c 2720 636f 6d6d he 'normal' comm\n+00041960: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 and (*note norma\n+00041970: 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 730a 636f 6d6d l::). This.comm\n+00041980: 616e 6420 6973 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 and is responsib\n+00041990: 6c65 2066 6f72 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2027 le for reading '\n+000419a0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e /boot/grub/grub.\n+000419b0: 6366 6727 2c20 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 cfg', running th\n+000419c0: 650a 6d65 6e75 2c20 616e 6420 646f 696e e.menu, and doin\n+000419d0: 6720 616c 6c20 7468 6520 7573 6566 756c g all the useful\n+000419e0: 2074 6869 6e67 7320 4752 5542 2069 7320 things GRUB is \n+000419f0: 7375 7070 6f73 6564 2074 6f20 646f 2e0a supposed to do..\n+00041a00: 0a20 2020 4966 2c20 696e 7374 6561 642c . If, instead,\n+00041a10: 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 6765 7420 6120 you only get a \n+00041a20: 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 7468 rescue shell, th\n+00041a30: 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206d 6561 6e73 is usually means\n+00041a40: 2074 6861 740a 4752 5542 2066 6169 6c65 that.GRUB faile\n+00041a50: 6420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 276e d to load the 'n\n+00041a60: 6f72 6d61 6c27 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f ormal' module fo\n+00041a70: 7220 736f 6d65 2072 6561 736f 6e2e 2020 r some reason. \n+00041a80: 4974 206d 6179 2062 650a 706f 7373 6962 It may be.possib\n+00041a90: 6c65 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2061 726f 756e le to work aroun\n+00041aa0: 6420 7468 6973 2074 656d 706f 7261 7269 d this temporari\n+00041ab0: 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 ly: for instance\n+00041ac0: 2c20 6966 2074 6865 2072 6561 736f 6e0a , if the reason.\n+00041ad0: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6661 696c 7572 6520 for the failure \n+00041ae0: 6973 2074 6861 7420 2770 7265 6669 7827 is that 'prefix'\n+00041af0: 2069 7320 7772 6f6e 6720 2870 6572 6861 is wrong (perha\n+00041b00: 7073 2069 7420 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 ps it refers to \n+00041b10: 7468 650a 7772 6f6e 6720 6465 7669 6365 the.wrong device\n+00041b20: 2c20 6f72 2070 6572 6861 7073 2074 6865 , or perhaps the\n+00041b30: 2070 6174 6820 746f 2027 2f62 6f6f 742f path to '/boot/\n+00041b40: 6772 7562 2720 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 636f grub' was not co\n+00041b50: 7272 6563 746c 7920 6d61 6465 0a72 656c rrectly made.rel\n+00041b60: 6174 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 2064 6576 ative to the dev\n+00041b70: 6963 6529 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 ice), then you c\n+00041b80: 616e 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2074 6869 7320 an correct this \n+00041b90: 616e 6420 656e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c and enter normal\n+00041ba0: 206d 6f64 650a 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 3a0a mode.manually:.\n+00041bb0: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 496e 7370 6563 7420 . # Inspect \n+00041bc0: 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 7072 6566 the current pref\n+00041bd0: 6978 2028 616e 6420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 ix (and other pr\n+00041be0: 6573 6574 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 293a eset variables):\n+00041bf0: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 740a 2020 2020 2023 . set. #\n+00041c00: 2046 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 6820 Find out which \n+00041c10: 6465 7669 6365 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 devices are avai\n+00041c20: 6c61 626c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 6c73 0a20 lable:. ls. \n+00041c30: 2020 2020 2320 5365 7420 746f 2074 6865 # Set to the\n+00041c40: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2076 616c 7565 2c20 correct value, \n+00041c50: 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2073 which might be s\n+00041c60: 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 206c 696b 6520 7468 omething like th\n+00041c70: 6973 3a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 is:. set pre\n+00041c80: 6669 783d 2868 6430 2c31 292f 6772 7562 fix=(hd0,1)/grub\n+00041c90: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 . set root=(\n+00041ca0: 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 696e 736d hd0,1). insm\n+00041cb0: 6f64 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2020 2020 206e od normal. n\n+00041cc0: 6f72 6d61 6c0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 ormal.. Howeve\n+00041cd0: 722c 2061 6e79 2070 726f 626c 656d 2074 r, any problem t\n+00041ce0: 6861 7420 6c65 6176 6573 2079 6f75 2069 hat leaves you i\n+00041cf0: 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 n the rescue she\n+00041d00: 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 626c 790a 6d65 616e ll probably.mean\n+00041d10: 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 s that GRUB was \n+00041d20: 6e6f 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 696e not correctly in\n+00041d30: 7374 616c 6c65 642e 2020 4974 206d 6179 stalled. It may\n+00041d40: 2062 6520 6d6f 7265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 be more useful \n+00041d50: 746f 0a74 7279 2074 6f20 7265 696e 7374 to.try to reinst\n+00041d60: 616c 6c20 6974 2070 726f 7065 726c 7920 all it properly \n+00041d70: 7573 696e 6720 2767 7275 622d 696e 7374 using 'grub-inst\n+00041d80: 616c 6c20 4445 5649 4345 2720 282a 6e6f all DEVICE' (*no\n+00041d90: 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 7562 te Invoking.grub\n+00041da0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 2020 5768 -install::). Wh\n+00041db0: 656e 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 732c 2074 en doing this, t\n+00041dc0: 6865 7265 2061 7265 2061 2066 6577 2074 here are a few t\n+00041dd0: 6869 6e67 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 hings to remembe\n+00041de0: 723a 0a0a 2020 202a 2044 7269 7665 206f r:.. * Drive o\n+00041df0: 7264 6572 696e 6720 696e 2079 6f75 7220 rdering in your \n+00041e00: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00041e10: 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 7468 6520 may not be the \n+00041e20: 7361 6d65 2061 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 same as the. \n+00041e30: 2062 6f6f 7420 6472 6976 6520 6f72 6465 boot drive orde\n+00041e40: 7269 6e67 2075 7365 6420 6279 2079 6f75 ring used by you\n+00041e50: 7220 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2044 6f20 r firmware. Do \n+00041e60: 6e6f 7420 6173 7375 6d65 2074 6861 7420 not assume that \n+00041e70: 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 your. first \n+00041e80: 6861 7264 2064 7269 7665 2028 652e 672e hard drive (e.g.\n+00041e90: 2020 272f 6465 762f 7364 6127 2920 6973 '/dev/sda') is\n+00041ea0: 2074 6865 206f 6e65 2074 6861 7420 796f the one that yo\n+00041eb0: 7572 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 2020 2020 ur firmware. \n+00041ec0: 2077 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d2e will boot from.\n+00041ed0: 2020 2764 6576 6963 652e 6d61 7027 2028 'device.map' (\n+00041ee0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 *note Device map\n+00041ef0: 3a3a 2920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ::) can be used \n+00041f00: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 6572 7269 6465 to. override\n+00041f10: 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6973 this, but it is\n+00041f20: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2062 6574 7465 7220 usually better \n+00041f30: 746f 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 206f 7220 to use UUIDs or \n+00041f40: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 file system. \n+00041f50: 206c 6162 656c 7320 616e 6420 6176 6f69 labels and avoi\n+00041f60: 6420 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2064 d depending on d\n+00041f70: 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 656e rive ordering en\n+00041f80: 7469 7265 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4174 tirely... * At\n+00041f90: 206c 6561 7374 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2073 least on BIOS s\n+00041fa0: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2074 ystems, if you t\n+00041fb0: 656c 6c20 2767 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c ell 'grub-instal\n+00041fc0: 6c27 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 2020 l' to install. \n+00041fd0: 2020 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 2070 6172 GRUB to a par\n+00041fe0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 7574 2047 5255 4220 tition but GRUB \n+00041ff0: 6861 7320 616c 7265 6164 7920 6265 656e has already been\n+00042000: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 installed in th\n+00042010: 650a 2020 2020 206d 6173 7465 7220 626f e. master bo\n+00042020: 6f74 2072 6563 6f72 642c 2074 6865 6e20 ot record, then \n+00042030: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c the GRUB install\n+00042040: 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2070 6172 ation in the par\n+00042050: 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c tition. will\n+00042060: 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 2020 be ignored... \n+00042070: 202a 2049 6620 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 * If possible, \n+00042080: 6974 2069 7320 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 it is generally \n+00042090: 6265 7374 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 696e best to avoid in\n+000420a0: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 746f stalling GRUB to\n+000420b0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 6974 696f a. partitio\n+000420c0: 6e20 2875 6e6c 6573 7320 6974 2069 7320 n (unless it is \n+000420d0: 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7061 7274 6974 a special partit\n+000420e0: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 7573 6520 ion for the use \n+000420f0: 6f66 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2061 6c6f of GRUB. alo\n+00042100: 6e65 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 7468 6520 ne, such as the \n+00042110: 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 BIOS Boot Partit\n+00042120: 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4750 5429 ion used on GPT)\n+00042130: 2e20 446f 696e 6720 7468 6973 0a20 2020 . Doing this. \n+00042140: 2020 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 means that GRU\n+00042150: 4220 6d61 7920 7374 6f70 2062 6569 6e67 B may stop being\n+00042160: 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 6974 able to read it\n+00042170: 7320 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2064 7565 s core image due\n+00042180: 2074 6f20 610a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 to a. file \n+00042190: 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f76 696e 6720 626c system moving bl\n+000421a0: 6f63 6b73 2061 726f 756e 642c 2073 7563 ocks around, suc\n+000421b0: 6820 6173 2077 6869 6c65 2064 6566 7261 h as while defra\n+000421c0: 676d 656e 7469 6e67 2c0a 2020 2020 2072 gmenting,. r\n+000421d0: 756e 6e69 6e67 2063 6865 636b 732c 206f unning checks, o\n+000421e0: 7220 6576 656e 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e6f r even during no\n+000421f0: 726d 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 rmal operation. \n+00042200: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 746f 2074 Installing to t\n+00042210: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 he. whole di\n+00042220: 736b 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 206e 6f72 sk device is nor\n+00042230: 6d61 6c6c 7920 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 7573 mally more robus\n+00042240: 742e 0a0a 2020 202a 2043 6865 636b 2074 t... * Check t\n+00042250: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2061 6374 7561 6c6c hat GRUB actuall\n+00042260: 7920 6b6e 6f77 7320 686f 7720 746f 2072 y knows how to r\n+00042270: 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2064 6576 ead from the dev\n+00042280: 6963 6520 616e 6420 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 ice and file. \n+00042290: 2020 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f6e 7461 696e system contain\n+000422a0: 696e 6720 272f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 6227 ing '/boot/grub'\n+000422b0: 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 . It will not b\n+000422c0: 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2066 e able to read f\n+000422d0: 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 rom. encrypt\n+000422e0: 6564 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 6974 6820 ed devices with \n+000422f0: 756e 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 656e 6372 unsupported encr\n+00042300: 7970 7469 6f6e 2073 6368 656d 652c 206e yption scheme, n\n+00042310: 6f72 2066 726f 6d20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 or from file. \n+00042320: 2020 7379 7374 656d 7320 666f 7220 7768 systems for wh\n+00042330: 6963 6820 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6861 7320 ich support has \n+00042340: 6e6f 7420 7965 7420 6265 656e 2061 6464 not yet been add\n+00042350: 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ed to GRUB.....F\n+00042360: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00042370: 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 Node: Firmware \n+00042380: 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f stalls instead o\n+00042390: 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 f booting GRUB, \n+000423a0: 2050 7265 763a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 Prev: GRUB only\n+000423b0: 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 offers a rescue\n+000423c0: 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2054 726f shell, Up: Tro\n+000423d0: 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 3232 ubleshooting..22\n+000423e0: 2e32 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c .2 Firmware stal\n+000423f0: 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f ls instead of bo\n+00042400: 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d oting GRUB.=====\n 00042410: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00042420: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00042430: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2045 4649 2069 =====..The EFI i\n-00042440: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 mplementation of\n-00042450: 2073 6f6d 6520 6f6c 6465 7220 4d61 6342 some older MacB\n-00042460: 6f6f 6b20 6c61 7074 6f70 7320 7374 616c ook laptops stal\n-00042470: 6c73 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2067 6574 730a ls when it gets.\n-00042480: 7072 6573 656e 7465 6420 6120 6772 7562 presented a grub\n-00042490: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 4953 4f20 696d -mkrescue ISO im\n-000424a0: 6167 6520 666f 7220 7838 365f 3634 2d65 age for x86_64-e\n-000424b0: 6669 2074 6172 6765 7420 6f6e 2061 6e20 fi target on an \n-000424c0: 5553 420a 7374 6963 6b2e 2020 4166 6665 USB.stick. Affe\n-000424d0: 6374 6564 2061 7265 206d 6f64 656c 7320 cted are models \n-000424e0: 6f66 2079 6561 7220 3230 3130 206f 7220 of year 2010 or \n-000424f0: 6561 726c 6965 722e 2020 576f 726b 6172 earlier. Workar\n-00042500: 6f75 6e64 2069 7320 746f 0a7a 6572 6f69 ound is to.zeroi\n-00042510: 7a65 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 2034 3436 ze the bytes 446\n-00042520: 2074 6f20 3436 3120 6f66 2074 6865 2045 to 461 of the E\n-00042530: 4649 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 7768 FI partition, wh\n-00042540: 6572 6520 6d66 6f72 6d61 7420 6861 7320 ere mformat has \n-00042550: 7075 740a 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 put.a partition \n-00042560: 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 7920 7768 6963 table entry whic\n-00042570: 6820 636c 6169 6d73 2070 6172 7469 7469 h claims partiti\n-00042580: 6f6e 2073 7461 7274 2061 7420 626c 6f63 on start at bloc\n-00042590: 6b20 302e 2020 5468 6973 0a63 6861 6e67 k 0. This.chang\n-000425a0: 6520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2068 616d 7065 e will not hampe\n-000425b0: 7220 626f 6f74 6162 696c 6974 7920 6f6e r bootability on\n-000425c0: 206f 7468 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 732e other machines.\n-000425d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000425e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f nfo, Node: Invo\n-000425f0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c king grub-instal\n-00042600: 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 l, Next: Invoki\n-00042610: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n-00042620: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 , Prev: Trouble\n-00042630: 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2054 shooting, Up: T\n-00042640: 6f70 0a0a 3233 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 op..23 Invoking \n-00042650: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a2a 2a2a grub-install.***\n+00042430: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2045 4649 =======..The EFI\n+00042440: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 implementation \n+00042450: 6f66 2073 6f6d 6520 6f6c 6465 7220 4d61 of some older Ma\n+00042460: 6342 6f6f 6b20 6c61 7074 6f70 7320 7374 cBook laptops st\n+00042470: 616c 6c73 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2067 6574 alls when it get\n+00042480: 730a 7072 6573 656e 7465 6420 6120 6772 s.presented a gr\n+00042490: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 4953 4f20 ub-mkrescue ISO \n+000424a0: 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 7838 365f 3634 image for x86_64\n+000424b0: 2d65 6669 2074 6172 6765 7420 6f6e 2061 -efi target on a\n+000424c0: 6e20 5553 420a 7374 6963 6b2e 2020 4166 n USB.stick. Af\n+000424d0: 6665 6374 6564 2061 7265 206d 6f64 656c fected are model\n+000424e0: 7320 6f66 2079 6561 7220 3230 3130 206f s of year 2010 o\n+000424f0: 7220 6561 726c 6965 722e 2020 576f 726b r earlier. Work\n+00042500: 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7320 746f 0a7a 6572 around is to.zer\n+00042510: 6f69 7a65 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 2034 oize the bytes 4\n+00042520: 3436 2074 6f20 3436 3120 6f66 2074 6865 46 to 461 of the\n+00042530: 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 EFI partition, \n+00042540: 7768 6572 6520 6d66 6f72 6d61 7420 6861 where mformat ha\n+00042550: 7320 7075 740a 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f s put.a partitio\n+00042560: 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 7920 7768 n table entry wh\n+00042570: 6963 6820 636c 6169 6d73 2070 6172 7469 ich claims parti\n+00042580: 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 7274 2061 7420 626c tion start at bl\n+00042590: 6f63 6b20 302e 2020 5468 6973 0a63 6861 ock 0. This.cha\n+000425a0: 6e67 6520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2068 616d nge will not ham\n+000425b0: 7065 7220 626f 6f74 6162 696c 6974 7920 per bootability \n+000425c0: 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 on other machine\n+000425d0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+000425e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .info, Node: In\n+000425f0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 voking grub-inst\n+00042600: 616c 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f all, Next: Invo\n+00042610: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n+00042620: 6967 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2054 726f 7562 ig, Prev: Troub\n+00042630: 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a leshooting, Up:\n+00042640: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3233 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e Top..23 Invokin\n+00042650: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a2a g grub-install.*\n 00042660: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00042670: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 *****..The progr\n-00042680: 616d 2027 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c am 'grub-install\n-00042690: 2720 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 4752 ' generates a GR\n-000426a0: 5542 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7573 UB core image us\n-000426b0: 696e 670a 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 ing.'grub-mkimag\n-000426c0: 6527 2061 6e64 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 e' and installs \n-000426d0: 6974 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2073 7973 7465 it on your syste\n-000426e0: 6d2e 2020 596f 7520 6d75 7374 2073 7065 m. You must spe\n-000426f0: 6369 6679 2074 6865 0a64 6576 6963 6520 cify the.device \n-00042700: 6e61 6d65 206f 6e20 7768 6963 6820 796f name on which yo\n-00042710: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c u want to instal\n-00042720: 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 l GRUB, like thi\n-00042730: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e s:.. grub-in\n-00042740: 7374 616c 6c20 494e 5354 414c 4c5f 4445 stall INSTALL_DE\n-00042750: 5649 4345 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6576 VICE.. The dev\n-00042760: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2049 4e53 5441 4c4c ice name INSTALL\n-00042770: 5f44 4556 4943 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 _DEVICE is an OS\n-00042780: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 7220 device name or \n-00042790: 6120 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 650a 6e61 a GRUB device.na\n-000427a0: 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2767 7275 622d 696e me... 'grub-in\n-000427b0: 7374 616c 6c27 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 stall' accepts t\n-000427c0: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 he following opt\n-000427d0: 696f 6e73 3a0a 0a27 2d2d 6865 6c70 270a ions:..'--help'.\n-000427e0: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d Print a sum\n-000427f0: 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d mary of the comm\n-00042800: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 and-line options\n-00042810: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 272d 2d76 and exit...'--v\n-00042820: 6572 7369 6f6e 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 ersion'. Pri\n-00042830: 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e nt the version n\n-00042840: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e umber of GRUB an\n-00042850: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a27 2d2d 626f 6f74 d exit...'--boot\n-00042860: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d44 4952 270a -directory=DIR'.\n-00042870: 2020 2020 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 Install GRU\n-00042880: 4220 696d 6167 6573 2075 6e64 6572 2074 B images under t\n-00042890: 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2027 4449 he directory 'DI\n-000428a0: 522f 6772 7562 2f27 2054 6869 7320 6f70 R/grub/' This op\n-000428b0: 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 tion is. use\n-000428c0: 6675 6c20 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2077 616e ful when you wan\n-000428d0: 7420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 t to install GRU\n-000428e0: 4220 696e 746f 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 B into a separat\n-000428f0: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 2061 e partition or a\n-00042900: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 6520 . removable \n-00042910: 6469 736b 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f disk. If this o\n-00042920: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 2073 7065 ption is not spe\n-00042930: 6369 6669 6564 2074 6865 6e20 6974 2064 cified then it d\n-00042940: 6566 6175 6c74 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 efaults. to \n-00042950: 272f 626f 6f74 272c 2073 6f0a 0a20 2020 '/boot', so.. \n-00042960: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 grub-inst\n-00042970: 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 2020 all /dev/sda.. \n-00042980: 2020 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 is equivalent\n-00042990: 2074 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 to.. g\n-000429a0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f rub-install --bo\n-000429b0: 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 626f ot-directory=/bo\n-000429c0: 6f74 2f20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 2020 ot/ /dev/sda.. \n-000429d0: 2020 2048 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6578 Here is an ex\n-000429e0: 616d 706c 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 2079 ample in which y\n-000429f0: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6120 7365 7061 7261 ou have a separa\n-00042a00: 7465 2022 626f 6f74 2220 7061 7274 6974 te \"boot\" partit\n-00042a10: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 6869 6368 2069 ion. which i\n-00042a20: 7320 6d6f 756e 7465 6420 6f6e 2027 2f6d s mounted on '/m\n-00042a30: 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7427 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 nt/boot':.. \n-00042a40: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c grub-instal\n-00042a50: 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f l --boot-directo\n-00042a60: 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 202f 6465 ry=/mnt/boot /de\n-00042a70: 762f 7364 620a 0a27 2d2d 7265 6368 6563 v/sdb..'--rechec\n-00042a80: 6b27 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6368 6563 6b20 k'. Recheck \n-00042a90: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 the device map, \n-00042aa0: 6576 656e 2069 6620 272f 626f 6f74 2f67 even if '/boot/g\n-00042ab0: 7275 622f 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 2720 rub/device.map' \n-00042ac0: 616c 7265 6164 790a 2020 2020 2065 7869 already. exi\n-00042ad0: 7374 732e 2020 596f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 sts. You should\n-00042ae0: 2075 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e use this option\n-00042af0: 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 796f 7520 6164 whenever you ad\n-00042b00: 642f 7265 6d6f 7665 2061 2064 6973 6b0a d/remove a disk.\n-00042b10: 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6f2f 6672 6f6d 2079 into/from y\n-00042b20: 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e0a 0a27 our computer...'\n-00042b30: 2d2d 6e6f 2d72 732d 636f 6465 7327 0a20 --no-rs-codes'. \n-00042b40: 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206f By default o\n-00042b50: 6e20 7838 3620 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 n x86 BIOS syste\n-00042b60: 6d73 2c20 2767 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c ms, 'grub-instal\n-00042b70: 6c27 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 736f 6d65 l' will use some\n-00042b80: 2065 7874 7261 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6163 extra. spac\n-00042b90: 6520 696e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 e in the bootloa\n-00042ba0: 6465 7220 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6172 der embedding ar\n-00042bb0: 6561 2066 6f72 2052 6565 642d 536f 6c6f ea for Reed-Solo\n-00042bc0: 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2065 7272 6f72 2d63 mon. error-c\n-00042bd0: 6f72 7265 6374 696e 6720 636f 6465 732e orrecting codes.\n-00042be0: 2020 5468 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6573 2047 This enables G\n-00042bf0: 5255 4220 746f 2073 7469 6c6c 2062 6f6f RUB to still boo\n-00042c00: 740a 2020 2020 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 t. successfu\n-00042c10: 6c6c 7920 6966 2073 6f6d 6520 626c 6f63 lly if some bloc\n-00042c20: 6b73 2061 7265 2063 6f72 7275 7074 6564 ks are corrupted\n-00042c30: 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7861 6374 2061 6d6f . The exact amo\n-00042c40: 756e 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f74 unt of. prot\n-00042c50: 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6666 6572 6564 2069 ection offered i\n-00042c60: 7320 6465 7065 6e64 656e 7420 6f6e 2061 s dependent on a\n-00042c70: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 vailable space i\n-00042c80: 6e20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 696e 670a n the embedding.\n-00042c90: 2020 2020 2061 7265 612e 2020 5220 7365 area. R se\n-00042ca0: 6374 6f72 7320 6f66 2072 6564 756e 6461 ctors of redunda\n-00042cb0: 6e63 7920 6361 6e20 746f 6c65 7261 7465 ncy can tolerate\n-00042cc0: 2075 7020 746f 2052 2f32 2063 6f72 7275 up to R/2 corru\n-00042cd0: 7074 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6374 6f72 pted. sector\n-00042ce0: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2072 6564 756e 6461 s. This redunda\n-00042cf0: 6e63 7920 6d61 7920 6265 2063 756d 6265 ncy may be cumbe\n-00042d00: 7273 6f6d 6520 6966 2061 7474 656d 7074 rsome if attempt\n-00042d10: 696e 6720 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6372 7970 ing to. cryp\n-00042d20: 746f 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 7661 tographically va\n-00042d30: 6c69 6461 7465 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 lidate the conte\n-00042d40: 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 746c nts of the bootl\n-00042d50: 6f61 6465 7220 656d 6265 6464 696e 670a oader embedding.\n-00042d60: 2020 2020 2061 7265 612c 206f 7220 696e area, or in\n-00042d70: 206d 6f72 6520 6d6f 6465 726e 2073 7973 more modern sys\n-00042d80: 7465 6d73 2077 6974 6820 4750 542d 7374 tems with GPT-st\n-00042d90: 796c 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 yle partition ta\n-00042da0: 626c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 bles. (*note\n-00042db0: 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 BIOS installati\n-00042dc0: 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 on::) where GRUB\n-00042dd0: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 7369 6465 does not reside\n-00042de0: 2069 6e20 616e 790a 2020 2020 2075 6e70 in any. unp\n-00042df0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 6564 2073 7061 6365 artitioned space\n-00042e00: 206f 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 outside of the \n-00042e10: 4d42 522e 2044 6973 6162 6c65 2074 6865 MBR. Disable the\n-00042e20: 2052 6565 642d 536f 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 Reed-Solomon. \n-00042e30: 2020 2063 6f64 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 codes with th\n-00042e40: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 is option.....Fi\n-00042e50: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00042e60: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n-00042e70: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 204e rub-mkconfig, N\n-00042e80: 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ext: Invoking gr\n-00042e90: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n-00042ea0: 6632 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b f2, Prev: Invok\n-00042eb0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n-00042ec0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3234 2049 , Up: Top..24 I\n-00042ed0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 nvoking grub-mkc\n-00042ee0: 6f6e 6669 670a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a onfig.**********\n-00042ef0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-00042f00: 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 2027 6772 .The program 'gr\n-00042f10: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2067 656e ub-mkconfig' gen\n-00042f20: 6572 6174 6573 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 erates a configu\n-00042f30: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 666f 7220 ration file for \n-00042f40: 4752 5542 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 GRUB.(*note Simp\n-00042f50: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n-00042f60: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d ::)... grub-\n-00042f70: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 202d 6f20 2f62 6f6f mkconfig -o /boo\n-00042f80: 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 670a t/grub/grub.cfg.\n-00042f90: 0a20 2020 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 . 'grub-mkconf\n-00042fa0: 6967 2720 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 ig' accepts the \n-00042fb0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e following option\n-00042fc0: 733a 0a0a 272d 2d68 656c 7027 0a20 2020 s:..'--help'. \n-00042fd0: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 Print a summar\n-00042fe0: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 y of the command\n-00042ff0: 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e -line options an\n-00043000: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a27 2d2d 7665 7273 d exit...'--vers\n-00043010: 696f 6e27 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 ion'. Print \n-00043020: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 the version numb\n-00043030: 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 er of GRUB and e\n-00043040: 7869 742e 0a0a 272d 6f20 4649 4c45 270a xit...'-o FILE'.\n-00043050: 272d 2d6f 7574 7075 743d 4649 4c45 270a '--output=FILE'.\n-00043060: 2020 2020 2053 656e 6420 7468 6520 6765 Send the ge\n-00043070: 6e65 7261 7465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 nerated configur\n-00043080: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 4649 ation file to FI\n-00043090: 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 LE. The default\n-000430a0: 2069 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6e64 is to. send\n-000430b0: 2069 7420 746f 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 it to standard \n-000430c0: 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a output.....File:\n-000430d0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000430e0: 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 e: Invoking grub\n-000430f0: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n-00043100: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Next: Invokin\n-00043110: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 g grub-mkrelpath\n-00043120: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Prev: Invokin\n-00043130: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 672c g grub-mkconfig,\n-00043140: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3520 496e Up: Top..25 In\n-00043150: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 voking grub-mkpa\n-00043160: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 320a 2a2a 2a2a sswd-pbkdf2.****\n+00042670: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f *******..The pro\n+00042680: 6772 616d 2027 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 gram 'grub-insta\n+00042690: 6c6c 2720 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 ll' generates a \n+000426a0: 4752 5542 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 GRUB core image \n+000426b0: 7573 696e 670a 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 696d using.'grub-mkim\n+000426c0: 6167 6527 2061 6e64 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c age' and install\n+000426d0: 7320 6974 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2073 7973 s it on your sys\n+000426e0: 7465 6d2e 2020 596f 7520 6d75 7374 2073 tem. You must s\n+000426f0: 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 0a64 6576 6963 pecify the.devic\n+00042700: 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6e20 7768 6963 6820 e name on which \n+00042710: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 696e 7374 you want to inst\n+00042720: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 6c69 6b65 2074 all GRUB, like t\n+00042730: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d his:.. grub-\n+00042740: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 494e 5354 414c 4c5f install INSTALL_\n+00042750: 4445 5649 4345 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 DEVICE.. The d\n+00042760: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2049 4e53 5441 evice name INSTA\n+00042770: 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 4520 6973 2061 6e20 LL_DEVICE is an \n+00042780: 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 206f OS device name o\n+00042790: 7220 6120 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 650a r a GRUB device.\n+000427a0: 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2767 7275 622d name... 'grub-\n+000427b0: 696e 7374 616c 6c27 2061 6363 6570 7473 install' accepts\n+000427c0: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f the following o\n+000427d0: 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0a27 2d2d 6865 6c70 ptions:..'--help\n+000427e0: 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 '. Print a s\n+000427f0: 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f ummary of the co\n+00042800: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f mmand-line optio\n+00042810: 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 272d ns and exit...'-\n+00042820: 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e 270a 2020 2020 2050 -version'. P\n+00042830: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e rint the version\n+00042840: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 number of GRUB \n+00042850: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a27 2d2d 626f and exit...'--bo\n+00042860: 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d44 4952 ot-directory=DIR\n+00042870: 270a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 '. Install G\n+00042880: 5255 4220 696d 6167 6573 2075 6e64 6572 RUB images under\n+00042890: 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2027 the directory '\n+000428a0: 4449 522f 6772 7562 2f27 2054 6869 7320 DIR/grub/' This \n+000428b0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 option is. u\n+000428c0: 7365 6675 6c20 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2077 seful when you w\n+000428d0: 616e 7420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 ant to install G\n+000428e0: 5255 4220 696e 746f 2061 2073 6570 6172 RUB into a separ\n+000428f0: 6174 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 ate partition or\n+00042900: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6d6f 7661 626c a. removabl\n+00042910: 6520 6469 736b 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 e disk. If this\n+00042920: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 2073 option is not s\n+00042930: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6865 6e20 6974 pecified then it\n+00042940: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 730a 2020 2020 2074 defaults. t\n+00042950: 6f20 272f 626f 6f74 272c 2073 6f0a 0a20 o '/boot', so.. \n+00042960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e grub-in\n+00042970: 7374 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a stall /dev/sda..\n+00042980: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 is equivale\n+00042990: 6e74 2074 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nt to.. \n+000429a0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d grub-install --\n+000429b0: 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f boot-directory=/\n+000429c0: 626f 6f74 2f20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a boot/ /dev/sda..\n+000429d0: 2020 2020 2048 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 Here is an \n+000429e0: 6578 616d 706c 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 example in which\n+000429f0: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6120 7365 7061 you have a sepa\n+00042a00: 7261 7465 2022 626f 6f74 2220 7061 7274 rate \"boot\" part\n+00042a10: 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 6869 6368 ition. which\n+00042a20: 2069 7320 6d6f 756e 7465 6420 6f6e 2027 is mounted on '\n+00042a30: 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7427 3a0a 0a20 2020 /mnt/boot':.. \n+00042a40: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 grub-inst\n+00042a50: 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 all --boot-direc\n+00042a60: 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 202f tory=/mnt/boot /\n+00042a70: 6465 762f 7364 620a 0a27 2d2d 7265 6368 dev/sdb..'--rech\n+00042a80: 6563 6b27 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6368 6563 eck'. Rechec\n+00042a90: 6b20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 k the device map\n+00042aa0: 2c20 6576 656e 2069 6620 272f 626f 6f74 , even if '/boot\n+00042ab0: 2f67 7275 622f 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 /grub/device.map\n+00042ac0: 2720 616c 7265 6164 790a 2020 2020 2065 ' already. e\n+00042ad0: 7869 7374 732e 2020 596f 7520 7368 6f75 xists. You shou\n+00042ae0: 6c64 2075 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 ld use this opti\n+00042af0: 6f6e 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 796f 7520 on whenever you \n+00042b00: 6164 642f 7265 6d6f 7665 2061 2064 6973 add/remove a dis\n+00042b10: 6b0a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6f2f 6672 6f6d k. into/from\n+00042b20: 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e0a your computer..\n+00042b30: 0a27 2d2d 6e6f 2d72 732d 636f 6465 7327 .'--no-rs-codes'\n+00042b40: 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 . By default\n+00042b50: 206f 6e20 7838 3620 4249 4f53 2073 7973 on x86 BIOS sys\n+00042b60: 7465 6d73 2c20 2767 7275 622d 696e 7374 tems, 'grub-inst\n+00042b70: 616c 6c27 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 736f all' will use so\n+00042b80: 6d65 2065 7874 7261 0a20 2020 2020 7370 me extra. sp\n+00042b90: 6163 6520 696e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 746c ace in the bootl\n+00042ba0: 6f61 6465 7220 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 oader embedding \n+00042bb0: 6172 6561 2066 6f72 2052 6565 642d 536f area for Reed-So\n+00042bc0: 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2065 7272 6f72 lomon. error\n+00042bd0: 2d63 6f72 7265 6374 696e 6720 636f 6465 -correcting code\n+00042be0: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6573 s. This enables\n+00042bf0: 2047 5255 4220 746f 2073 7469 6c6c 2062 GRUB to still b\n+00042c00: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 7563 6365 7373 oot. success\n+00042c10: 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 2073 6f6d 6520 626c fully if some bl\n+00042c20: 6f63 6b73 2061 7265 2063 6f72 7275 7074 ocks are corrupt\n+00042c30: 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7861 6374 2061 ed. The exact a\n+00042c40: 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7072 mount of. pr\n+00042c50: 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6666 6572 6564 otection offered\n+00042c60: 2069 7320 6465 7065 6e64 656e 7420 6f6e is dependent on\n+00042c70: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2073 7061 6365 available space\n+00042c80: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 696e in the embeddin\n+00042c90: 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 612e 2020 5220 g. area. R \n+00042ca0: 7365 6374 6f72 7320 6f66 2072 6564 756e sectors of redun\n+00042cb0: 6461 6e63 7920 6361 6e20 746f 6c65 7261 dancy can tolera\n+00042cc0: 7465 2075 7020 746f 2052 2f32 2063 6f72 te up to R/2 cor\n+00042cd0: 7275 7074 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6374 rupted. sect\n+00042ce0: 6f72 732e 2020 5468 6973 2072 6564 756e ors. This redun\n+00042cf0: 6461 6e63 7920 6d61 7920 6265 2063 756d dancy may be cum\n+00042d00: 6265 7273 6f6d 6520 6966 2061 7474 656d bersome if attem\n+00042d10: 7074 696e 6720 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6372 pting to. cr\n+00042d20: 7970 746f 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 yptographically \n+00042d30: 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2074 6865 2063 6f6e validate the con\n+00042d40: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f tents of the boo\n+00042d50: 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d 6265 6464 696e tloader embeddin\n+00042d60: 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 612c 206f 7220 g. area, or \n+00042d70: 696e 206d 6f72 6520 6d6f 6465 726e 2073 in more modern s\n+00042d80: 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6974 6820 4750 542d ystems with GPT-\n+00042d90: 7374 796c 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 style partition \n+00042da0: 7461 626c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f tables. (*no\n+00042db0: 7465 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 te BIOS installa\n+00042dc0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7768 6572 6520 4752 tion::) where GR\n+00042dd0: 5542 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 7369 UB does not resi\n+00042de0: 6465 2069 6e20 616e 790a 2020 2020 2075 de in any. u\n+00042df0: 6e70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 6564 2073 7061 npartitioned spa\n+00042e00: 6365 206f 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 7468 ce outside of th\n+00042e10: 6520 4d42 522e 2044 6973 6162 6c65 2074 e MBR. Disable t\n+00042e20: 6865 2052 6565 642d 536f 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a he Reed-Solomon.\n+00042e30: 2020 2020 2063 6f64 6573 2077 6974 6820 codes with \n+00042e40: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a this option.....\n+00042e50: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00042e60: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Node: Invoking\n+00042e70: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 grub-mkconfig, \n+00042e80: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Next: Invoking \n+00042e90: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n+00042ea0: 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 kdf2, Prev: Inv\n+00042eb0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 oking grub-insta\n+00042ec0: 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3234 ll, Up: Top..24\n+00042ed0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+00042ee0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 670a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a kconfig.********\n+00042ef0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00042f00: 2a0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 2027 *..The program '\n+00042f10: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6727 2067 grub-mkconfig' g\n+00042f20: 656e 6572 6174 6573 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 enerates a confi\n+00042f30: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 666f guration file fo\n+00042f40: 7220 4752 5542 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 r GRUB.(*note Si\n+00042f50: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple configurati\n+00042f60: 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 on::)... gru\n+00042f70: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 202d 6f20 2f62 b-mkconfig -o /b\n+00042f80: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 oot/grub/grub.cf\n+00042f90: 670a 0a20 2020 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 636f g.. 'grub-mkco\n+00042fa0: 6e66 6967 2720 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 nfig' accepts th\n+00042fb0: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 e following opti\n+00042fc0: 6f6e 733a 0a0a 272d 2d68 656c 7027 0a20 ons:..'--help'. \n+00042fd0: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d Print a summ\n+00042fe0: 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ary of the comma\n+00042ff0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 nd-line options \n+00043000: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a27 2d2d 7665 and exit...'--ve\n+00043010: 7273 696f 6e27 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e rsion'. Prin\n+00043020: 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 t the version nu\n+00043030: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 mber of GRUB and\n+00043040: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 272d 6f20 4649 4c45 exit...'-o FILE\n+00043050: 270a 272d 2d6f 7574 7075 743d 4649 4c45 '.'--output=FILE\n+00043060: 270a 2020 2020 2053 656e 6420 7468 6520 '. Send the \n+00043070: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 generated config\n+00043080: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 uration file to \n+00043090: 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 FILE. The defau\n+000430a0: 6c74 2069 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 lt is to. se\n+000430b0: 6e64 2069 7420 746f 2073 7461 6e64 6172 nd it to standar\n+000430c0: 6420 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c d output.....Fil\n+000430d0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000430e0: 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ode: Invoking gr\n+000430f0: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n+00043100: 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b f2, Next: Invok\n+00043110: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ing grub-mkrelpa\n+00043120: 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b th, Prev: Invok\n+00043130: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n+00043140: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3520 g, Up: Top..25 \n+00043150: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+00043160: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 320a 2a2a passwd-pbkdf2.**\n 00043170: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00043180: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 ************..Th\n-00043190: 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 2767 7275 622d e program 'grub-\n-000431a0: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 3227 mkpasswd-pbkdf2'\n-000431b0: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 2070 6173 7377 generates passw\n-000431c0: 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 2066 6f72 2047 ord hashes for G\n-000431d0: 5255 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 RUB.(*note Secur\n-000431e0: 6974 793a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 ity::)... gr\n-000431f0: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n-00043200: 6632 0a0a 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 f2.. 'grub-mkp\n-00043210: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2720 6163 asswd-pbkdf2' ac\n-00043220: 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 cepts the follow\n-00043230: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a 272d ing options:..'-\n-00043240: 6320 4e55 4d42 4552 270a 272d 2d69 7465 c NUMBER'.'--ite\n-00043250: 7261 7469 6f6e 2d63 6f75 6e74 3d4e 554d ration-count=NUM\n-00043260: 4245 5227 0a20 2020 2020 4e75 6d62 6572 BER'. Number\n-00043270: 206f 6620 6974 6572 6174 696f 6e73 206f of iterations o\n-00043280: 6620 7468 6520 756e 6465 726c 7969 6e67 f the underlying\n-00043290: 2070 7365 7564 6f2d 7261 6e64 6f6d 2066 pseudo-random f\n-000432a0: 756e 6374 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4465 unction.. De\n-000432b0: 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 3130 3030 302e faults to 10000.\n-000432c0: 0a0a 272d 6c20 4e55 4d42 4552 270a 272d ..'-l NUMBER'.'-\n-000432d0: 2d62 7566 6c65 6e3d 4e55 4d42 4552 270a -buflen=NUMBER'.\n-000432e0: 2020 2020 204c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2074 Length of t\n-000432f0: 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2068 6173 he generated has\n-00043300: 682e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 h. Defaults to \n-00043310: 3634 2e0a 0a27 2d73 204e 554d 4245 5227 64...'-s NUMBER'\n-00043320: 0a27 2d2d 7361 6c74 3d4e 554d 4245 5227 .'--salt=NUMBER'\n-00043330: 0a20 2020 2020 4c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 . Length of \n-00043340: 7468 6520 7361 6c74 2e20 2044 6566 6175 the salt. Defau\n-00043350: 6c74 7320 746f 2036 342e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 lts to 64.....Fi\n-00043360: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00043370: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n-00043380: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 682c 2020 rub-mkrelpath, \n-00043390: 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Next: Invoking g\n-000433a0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 2050 rub-mkrescue, P\n-000433b0: 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 rev: Invoking gr\n-000433c0: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n-000433d0: 6632 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3236 f2, Up: Top..26\n-000433e0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n-000433f0: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a krelpath.*******\n+00043180: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+00043190: 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 2767 7275 The program 'gru\n+000431a0: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n+000431b0: 3227 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 2070 6173 2' generates pas\n+000431c0: 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 2066 6f72 sword hashes for\n+000431d0: 2047 5255 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 GRUB.(*note Sec\n+000431e0: 7572 6974 793a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 urity::)... \n+000431f0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n+00043200: 6b64 6632 0a0a 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d6d kdf2.. 'grub-m\n+00043210: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2720 kpasswd-pbkdf2' \n+00043220: 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c accepts the foll\n+00043230: 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a owing options:..\n+00043240: 272d 6320 4e55 4d42 4552 270a 272d 2d69 '-c NUMBER'.'--i\n+00043250: 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 2d63 6f75 6e74 3d4e teration-count=N\n+00043260: 554d 4245 5227 0a20 2020 2020 4e75 6d62 UMBER'. Numb\n+00043270: 6572 206f 6620 6974 6572 6174 696f 6e73 er of iterations\n+00043280: 206f 6620 7468 6520 756e 6465 726c 7969 of the underlyi\n+00043290: 6e67 2070 7365 7564 6f2d 7261 6e64 6f6d ng pseudo-random\n+000432a0: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 function.. \n+000432b0: 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 3130 3030 Defaults to 1000\n+000432c0: 302e 0a0a 272d 6c20 4e55 4d42 4552 270a 0...'-l NUMBER'.\n+000432d0: 272d 2d62 7566 6c65 6e3d 4e55 4d42 4552 '--buflen=NUMBER\n+000432e0: 270a 2020 2020 204c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 '. Length of\n+000432f0: 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2068 the generated h\n+00043300: 6173 682e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 ash. Defaults t\n+00043310: 6f20 3634 2e0a 0a27 2d73 204e 554d 4245 o 64...'-s NUMBE\n+00043320: 5227 0a27 2d2d 7361 6c74 3d4e 554d 4245 R'.'--salt=NUMBE\n+00043330: 5227 0a20 2020 2020 4c65 6e67 7468 206f R'. Length o\n+00043340: 6620 7468 6520 7361 6c74 2e20 2044 6566 f the salt. Def\n+00043350: 6175 6c74 7320 746f 2036 342e 0a0a 1f0a aults to 64.....\n+00043360: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00043370: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Node: Invoking\n+00043380: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 682c grub-mkrelpath,\n+00043390: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Next: Invoking\n+000433a0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 grub-mkrescue, \n+000433b0: 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Prev: Invoking \n+000433c0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n+000433d0: 6b64 6632 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a kdf2, Up: Top..\n+000433e0: 3236 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 26 Invoking grub\n+000433f0: 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a -mkrelpath.*****\n 00043400: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00043410: 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d ***..The program\n-00043420: 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 'grub-mkrelpath\n-00043430: 2720 6d61 6b65 7320 6120 6669 6c65 2073 ' makes a file s\n-00043440: 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 656c 6174 ystem path relat\n-00043450: 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 0a72 6f6f 7420 ive to the.root \n-00043460: 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e of its containin\n-00043470: 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 g file system. \n-00043480: 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 6966 For instance, if\n-00043490: 2027 2f75 7372 2720 6973 2061 206d 6f75 '/usr' is a mou\n-000434a0: 6e74 0a70 6f69 6e74 2c20 7468 656e 3a0a nt.point, then:.\n-000434b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 . $ grub-mkr\n-000434c0: 656c 7061 7468 202f 7573 722f 7368 6172 elpath /usr/shar\n-000434d0: 652f 6772 7562 2f75 6e69 636f 6465 2e70 e/grub/unicode.p\n-000434e0: 6632 0a20 2020 2020 272f 7368 6172 652f f2. '/share/\n-000434f0: 6772 7562 2f75 6e69 636f 6465 2e70 6632 grub/unicode.pf2\n-00043500: 270a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 '.. This is ma\n-00043510: 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6420 696e 7465 726e inly used intern\n-00043520: 616c 6c79 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7220 4752 ally by other GR\n-00043530: 5542 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2073 7563 UB utilities suc\n-00043540: 6820 6173 0a27 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e h as.'grub-mkcon\n-00043550: 6669 6727 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f fig' (*note Invo\n-00043560: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n-00043570: 6967 3a3a 292c 2062 7574 206d 6179 206f ig::), but may o\n-00043580: 6363 6173 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 616c 736f ccasionally.also\n-00043590: 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2064 be useful for d\n-000435a0: 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 2767 ebugging... 'g\n-000435b0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 6827 2061 rub-mkrelpath' a\n-000435c0: 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ccepts the follo\n-000435d0: 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0a27 wing options:..'\n-000435e0: 2d2d 6865 6c70 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 --help'. Pri\n-000435f0: 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 nt a summary of \n-00043600: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 the command-line\n-00043610: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 options and exi\n-00043620: 742e 0a0a 272d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e 270a t...'--version'.\n-00043630: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 Print the v\n-00043640: 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 ersion number of\n-00043650: 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a GRUB and exit..\n-00043660: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00043670: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b fo, Node: Invok\n-00043680: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ing grub-mkrescu\n-00043690: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 e, Next: Invoki\n-000436a0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 ng grub-mount, \n-000436b0: 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Prev: Invoking g\n-000436c0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 682c 2020 rub-mkrelpath, \n-000436d0: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3720 496e 766f Up: Top..27 Invo\n-000436e0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n-000436f0: 7565 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ue.*************\n-00043700: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 ************..Th\n-00043710: 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 2767 7275 622d e program 'grub-\n-00043720: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2720 6765 6e65 7261 mkrescue' genera\n-00043730: 7465 7320 6120 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2047 tes a bootable G\n-00043740: 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 RUB rescue image\n-00043750: 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 .(*note Making a\n-00043760: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 GRUB bootable C\n-00043770: 442d 524f 4d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 D-ROM::)... \n-00043780: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f grub-mkrescue -o\n-00043790: 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 416c grub.iso.. Al\n-000437a0: 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6e6f 7420 l arguments not \n-000437b0: 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c 6973 7465 explicitly liste\n-000437c0: 6420 6173 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 d as 'grub-mkres\n-000437d0: 6375 6527 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 cue' options are\n-000437e0: 0a70 6173 7365 6420 6f6e 2064 6972 6563 .passed on direc\n-000437f0: 746c 7920 746f 2027 786f 7272 6973 6f27 tly to 'xorriso'\n-00043800: 2069 6e20 276d 6b69 736f 6673 2720 656d in 'mkisofs' em\n-00043810: 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2e20 204f ulation mode. O\n-00043820: 7074 696f 6e73 0a70 6173 7365 6420 746f ptions.passed to\n-00043830: 2027 786f 7272 6973 6f27 2077 696c 6c20 'xorriso' will \n-00043840: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2062 6520 696e 7465 normally be inte\n-00043850: 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 2027 6d6b 6973 rpreted as 'mkis\n-00043860: 6f66 7327 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3b0a 6966 ofs' options;.if\n-00043870: 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 272d 2d27 the option '--'\n-00043880: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2061 is used, then a\n-00043890: 6e79 7468 696e 6720 6166 7465 7220 7468 nything after th\n-000438a0: 6174 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e74 6572 at will be inter\n-000438b0: 7072 6574 6564 0a61 7320 6e61 7469 7665 preted.as native\n-000438c0: 2027 786f 7272 6973 6f27 206f 7074 696f 'xorriso' optio\n-000438d0: 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 ns... Non-opti\n-000438e0: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2073 7065 on arguments spe\n-000438f0: 6369 6679 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 cify additional \n-00043900: 736f 7572 6365 2064 6972 6563 746f 7269 source directori\n-00043910: 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a63 6f6d es. This is.com\n-00043920: 6d6f 6e6c 7920 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6164 monly used to ad\n-00043930: 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 746f d extra files to\n-00043940: 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 3a0a 0a20 2020 the image:.. \n-00043950: 2020 6d6b 6469 7220 2d70 2064 6973 6b2f mkdir -p disk/\n-00043960: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2028 boot/grub. (\n-00043970: 6164 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 add extra files \n-00043980: 746f 2027 6469 736b 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 to 'disk/boot/gr\n-00043990: 7562 2729 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d ub'). grub-m\n-000439a0: 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e krescue -o grub.\n-000439b0: 6973 6f20 6469 736b 0a0a 2020 2027 6772 iso disk.. 'gr\n-000439c0: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6527 2061 6363 ub-mkrescue' acc\n-000439d0: 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 epts the followi\n-000439e0: 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0a27 2d2d ng options:..'--\n-000439f0: 6865 6c70 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 help'. Print\n-00043a00: 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 a summary of th\n-00043a10: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f e command-line o\n-00043a20: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e ptions and exit.\n-00043a30: 0a0a 272d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e 270a 2020 ..'--version'. \n-00043a40: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 Print the ver\n-00043a50: 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 sion number of G\n-00043a60: 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a27 RUB and exit...'\n-00043a70: 2d6f 2046 494c 4527 0a27 2d2d 6f75 7470 -o FILE'.'--outp\n-00043a80: 7574 3d46 494c 4527 0a20 2020 2020 5361 ut=FILE'. Sa\n-00043a90: 7665 206f 7574 7075 7420 696e 2046 494c ve output in FIL\n-00043aa0: 452e 2020 5468 6973 2022 6f70 7469 6f6e E. This \"option\n-00043ab0: 2220 6973 2072 6571 7569 7265 642e 0a0a \" is required...\n-00043ac0: 272d 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 3d4d 4f44 554c '--modules=MODUL\n-00043ad0: 4553 270a 2020 2020 2050 7265 2d6c 6f61 ES'. Pre-loa\n-00043ae0: 6420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 4752 5542 d the named GRUB\n-00043af0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 modules in the \n-00043b00: 696d 6167 652e 2020 4d75 6c74 6970 6c65 image. Multiple\n-00043b10: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 entries in. \n-00043b20: 204d 4f44 554c 4553 2073 686f 756c 6420 MODULES should \n-00043b30: 6265 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 be separated by \n-00043b40: 7768 6974 6573 7061 6365 2028 736f 2079 whitespace (so y\n-00043b50: 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 ou will probably\n-00043b60: 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7175 . need to qu\n-00043b70: 6f74 6520 7468 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 ote this for you\n-00043b80: 7220 7368 656c 6c29 2e0a 0a27 2d2d 726f r shell)...'--ro\n-00043b90: 6d2d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 4449 5227 m-directory=DIR'\n-00043ba0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 656e 6572 6174 . If generat\n-00043bb0: 696e 6720 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2074 ing images for t\n-00043bc0: 6865 2051 454d 5520 6f72 2043 6f72 6562 he QEMU or Coreb\n-00043bd0: 6f6f 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c 2063 oot platforms, c\n-00043be0: 6f70 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 opy the. res\n-00043bf0: 756c 7469 6e67 2027 7165 6d75 2e69 6d67 ulting 'qemu.img\n-00043c00: 2720 6f72 2027 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2e65 ' or 'coreboot.e\n-00043c10: 6c66 2720 6669 6c65 7320 7265 7370 6563 lf' files respec\n-00043c20: 7469 7665 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 tively to the. \n-00043c30: 2020 2044 4952 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 DIR directory\n-00043c40: 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 696e 636c as well as incl\n-00043c50: 7564 696e 6720 7468 656d 2069 6e20 7468 uding them in th\n-00043c60: 6520 696d 6167 652e 0a0a 272d 2d78 6f72 e image...'--xor\n-00043c70: 7269 736f 3d46 494c 4527 0a20 2020 2020 riso=FILE'. \n-00043c80: 5573 6520 4649 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 Use FILE as the \n-00043c90: 2778 6f72 7269 736f 2720 7072 6f67 7261 'xorriso' progra\n-00043ca0: 6d2c 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 m, rather than t\n-00043cb0: 6865 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a 2020 2020 he built-in. \n-00043cc0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0a27 2d2d 6772 default...'--gr\n-00043cd0: 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 3d46 494c 4527 ub-mkimage=FILE'\n-00043ce0: 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 4c45 2061 . Use FILE a\n-00043cf0: 7320 7468 6520 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 696d s the 'grub-mkim\n-00043d00: 6167 6527 2070 726f 6772 616d 2c20 7261 age' program, ra\n-00043d10: 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6275 ther than the bu\n-00043d20: 696c 742d 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 ilt-in. defa\n-00043d30: 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ult.....File: gr\n-00043d40: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00043d50: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f Invoking grub-mo\n-00043d60: 756e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f unt, Next: Invo\n-00043d70: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c king grub-probe,\n-00043d80: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Prev: Invoking\n-00043d90: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 grub-mkrescue, \n-00043da0: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3238 2049 6e76 Up: Top..28 Inv\n-00043db0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 oking grub-mount\n-00043dc0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n-00043dd0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f *******..The pro\n-00043de0: 6772 616d 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 gram 'grub-mount\n-00043df0: 2720 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 2072 6561 ' performs a rea\n-00043e00: 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 d-only mount of \n-00043e10: 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a any file system.\n-00043e20: 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 or file system i\n-00043e30: 6d61 6765 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 mage that GRUB u\n-00043e40: 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 2c20 7573 696e nderstands, usin\n-00043e50: 6720 4752 5542 2773 2066 696c 6520 7379 g GRUB's file sy\n-00043e60: 7374 656d 0a64 7269 7665 7273 2076 6961 stem.drivers via\n-00043e70: 2046 5553 452e 2028 4974 2069 7320 6f6e FUSE. (It is on\n-00043e80: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6620 ly available if \n-00043e90: 4655 5345 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 FUSE development\n-00043ea0: 2066 696c 6573 2077 6572 650a 7072 6573 files were.pres\n-00043eb0: 656e 7420 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 7761 ent when GRUB wa\n-00043ec0: 7320 6275 696c 742e 2920 2054 6869 7320 s built.) This \n-00043ed0: 6861 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 has a number of \n-00043ee0: 7573 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4974 2070 uses:.. * It p\n-00043ef0: 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 636f 6e76 656e rovides a conven\n-00043f00: 6965 6e74 2077 6179 2074 6f20 6368 6563 ient way to chec\n-00043f10: 6b20 686f 7720 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 k how GRUB will \n-00043f20: 7669 6577 2061 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 view a file. \n-00043f30: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 system at boot \n-00043f40: 7469 6d65 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2075 time. You can u\n-00043f50: 7365 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e se normal comman\n-00043f60: 642d 6c69 6e65 2074 6f6f 6c73 2074 6f0a d-line tools to.\n-00043f70: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 6861 compare tha\n-00043f80: 7420 7669 6577 2077 6974 6820 7468 6174 t view with that\n-00043f90: 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 of your operati\n-00043fa0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 206d 616b 696e ng system, makin\n-00043fb0: 6720 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6561 7379 2074 g it. easy t\n-00043fc0: 6f20 6669 6e64 2062 7567 732e 0a0a 2020 o find bugs... \n-00043fd0: 202a 2049 7420 6f66 6665 7273 2074 7275 * It offers tru\n-00043fe0: 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e e read-only moun\n-00043ff0: 7473 2e20 204c 696e 7578 2064 6f65 7320 ts. Linux does \n-00044000: 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 2074 6865 7365 2066 not have these f\n-00044010: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6a6f 7572 6e61 6c6c or. journall\n-00044020: 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 ing file systems\n-00044030: 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 6974 2077 696c , because it wil\n-00044040: 6c20 616c 7761 7973 2061 7474 656d 7074 l always attempt\n-00044050: 2074 6f20 7265 706c 6179 0a20 2020 2020 to replay. \n-00044060: 7468 6520 6a6f 7572 6e61 6c20 6174 206d the journal at m\n-00044070: 6f75 6e74 2074 696d 653b 2077 6869 6c65 ount time; while\n-00044080: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2074 656d 706f 7261 you can tempora\n-00044090: 7269 6c79 206d 6172 6b20 7468 6520 626c rily mark the bl\n-000440a0: 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 6520 ock. device \n-000440b0: 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 746f 2061 766f read-only to avo\n-000440c0: 6964 2074 6869 732c 2074 6861 7420 6361 id this, that ca\n-000440d0: 7573 6573 2074 6865 206d 6f75 6e74 2074 uses the mount t\n-000440e0: 6f20 6661 696c 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 696e o fail.. Sin\n-000440f0: 6365 2047 5255 4220 696e 7465 6e74 696f ce GRUB intentio\n-00044100: 6e61 6c6c 7920 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 206e nally contains n\n-00044110: 6f20 636f 6465 2066 6f72 2077 7269 7469 o code for writi\n-00044120: 6e67 2074 6f20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 ng to file. \n-00044130: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2069 7420 6361 6e20 systems, it can \n-00044140: 6561 7369 6c79 2070 726f 7669 6465 2061 easily provide a\n-00044150: 2067 7561 7261 6e74 6565 6420 7265 6164 guaranteed read\n-00044160: 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 740a 2020 2020 -only mount. \n-00044170: 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2e0a 0a20 2020 mechanism... \n-00044180: 2a20 4974 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 796f 7520 * It allows you \n-00044190: 746f 2065 7861 6d69 6e65 2061 6e79 2066 to examine any f\n-000441a0: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2074 6861 7420 ile system that \n-000441b0: 4752 5542 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 GRUB understands\n-000441c0: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 . without ne\n-000441d0: 6564 696e 6720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6164 eding to load ad\n-000441e0: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 ditional modules\n-000441f0: 2069 6e74 6f20 796f 7572 2072 756e 6e69 into your runni\n-00044200: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 ng. kernel, \n-00044210: 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 which may be use\n-00044220: 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e 7374 7261 696e ful in constrain\n-00044230: 6564 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 7320 ed environments \n-00044240: 7375 6368 2061 730a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 such as. ins\n-00044250: 7461 6c6c 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 202a 2053 tallers... * S\n-00044260: 696e 6365 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6578 616d ince it can exam\n-00044270: 696e 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 ine file system \n-00044280: 696d 6167 6573 2028 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 images (containe\n-00044290: 6420 696e 2072 6567 756c 6172 0a20 2020 d in regular. \n-000442a0: 2020 6669 6c65 7329 206a 7573 7420 6173 files) just as\n-000442b0: 2065 6173 696c 7920 6173 2066 696c 6520 easily as file \n-000442c0: 7379 7374 656d 7320 6f6e 2062 6c6f 636b systems on block\n-000442d0: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c20 796f 7520 6361 devices, you ca\n-000442e0: 6e20 7573 650a 2020 2020 2069 7420 746f n use. it to\n-000442f0: 2069 6e73 7065 6374 2061 6e79 2066 696c inspect any fil\n-00044300: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 2074 e system image t\n-00044310: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 6e64 6572 7374 hat GRUB underst\n-00044320: 616e 6473 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 6c79 0a20 ands with only. \n-00044330: 2020 2020 656e 6f75 6768 2070 7269 7669 enough privi\n-00044340: 6c65 6765 7320 746f 2075 7365 2046 5553 leges to use FUS\n-00044350: 452c 2065 7665 6e20 6966 206e 6f62 6f64 E, even if nobod\n-00044360: 7920 6861 7320 7965 7420 7772 6974 7465 y has yet writte\n-00044370: 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2046 5553 4520 6d6f n a. FUSE mo\n-00044380: 6475 6c65 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 6c6c dule specificall\n-00044390: 7920 666f 7220 7468 6174 2066 696c 6520 y for that file \n-000443a0: 7379 7374 656d 2074 7970 652e 0a0a 2020 system type... \n-000443b0: 2055 7369 6e67 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 Using 'grub-mou\n-000443c0: 6e74 2720 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 nt' is normally \n-000443d0: 6173 2073 696d 706c 6520 6173 3a0a 0a20 as simple as:.. \n-000443e0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202f grub-mount /\n-000443f0: 6465 762f 7364 6131 202f 6d6e 740a 0a20 dev/sda1 /mnt.. \n-00044400: 2020 2767 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7427 206d 'grub-mount' m\n-00044410: 7573 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e 206f 6e65 ust be given one\n-00044420: 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 7320 or more images \n-00044430: 616e 6420 6120 6d6f 756e 7420 706f 696e and a mount poin\n-00044440: 7420 6173 0a6e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 t as.non-option \n-00044450: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 2869 6620 6974 arguments (if it\n-00044460: 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6d6f 7265 2074 is given more t\n-00044470: 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 696d 6167 652c 2069 han one image, i\n-00044480: 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7265 6174 0a74 6865 t will treat.the\n-00044490: 6d20 6173 2061 2052 4149 4420 7365 7429 m as a RAID set)\n-000444a0: 2c20 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 6363 6570 , and also accep\n-000444b0: 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 ts the following\n-000444c0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0a27 2d2d 6865 options:..'--he\n-000444d0: 6c70 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 lp'. Print a\n-000444e0: 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 summary of the \n-000444f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 command-line opt\n-00044500: 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a ions and exit...\n-00044510: 272d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e 270a 2020 2020 '--version'. \n-00044520: 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 Print the versi\n-00044530: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 on number of GRU\n-00044540: 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a27 2d43 B and exit...'-C\n-00044550: 270a 272d 2d63 7279 7074 6f27 0a20 2020 '.'--crypto'. \n-00044560: 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 656e 6372 7970 7465 Mount encrypte\n-00044570: 6420 6465 7669 6365 732c 2070 726f 6d70 d devices, promp\n-00044580: 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 2061 2070 6173 7370 ting for a passp\n-00044590: 6872 6173 6520 6966 206e 6563 6573 7361 hrase if necessa\n-000445a0: 7279 2e0a 0a27 2d64 2053 5452 494e 4727 ry...'-d STRING'\n-000445b0: 0a27 2d2d 6465 6275 673d 5354 5249 4e47 .'--debug=STRING\n-000445c0: 270a 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 6465 6275 '. Show debu\n-000445d0: 6767 696e 6720 6f75 7470 7574 2066 6f72 gging output for\n-000445e0: 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7463 conditions matc\n-000445f0: 6869 6e67 2053 5452 494e 472e 0a0a 272d hing STRING...'-\n-00044600: 4b20 7072 6f6d 7074 7c46 494c 4527 0a27 K prompt|FILE'.'\n-00044610: 2d2d 7a66 732d 6b65 793d 7072 6f6d 7074 --zfs-key=prompt\n-00044620: 7c46 494c 4527 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 |FILE'. Load\n-00044630: 2061 205a 4653 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f a ZFS encryptio\n-00044640: 6e20 6b65 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2075 n key. If you u\n-00044650: 7365 2027 7072 6f6d 7074 2720 6173 2074 se 'prompt' as t\n-00044660: 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 742c 0a20 2020 he argument,. \n-00044670: 2020 2767 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7427 2077 'grub-mount' w\n-00044680: 696c 6c20 7265 6164 2061 2070 6173 7370 ill read a passp\n-00044690: 6872 6173 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 hrase from the t\n-000446a0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3b 206f 7468 6572 7769 erminal; otherwi\n-000446b0: 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 7420 7769 6c6c se,. it will\n-000446c0: 2072 6561 6420 6b65 7920 6d61 7465 7269 read key materi\n-000446d0: 616c 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7370 6563 al from the spec\n-000446e0: 6966 6965 6420 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a27 2d72 ified file...'-r\n-000446f0: 2044 4556 4943 4527 0a27 2d2d 726f 6f74 DEVICE'.'--root\n-00044700: 3d44 4556 4943 4527 0a20 2020 2020 5365 =DEVICE'. Se\n-00044710: 7420 7468 6520 4752 5542 2072 6f6f 7420 t the GRUB root \n-00044720: 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 4445 5649 4345 device to DEVICE\n-00044730: 2e20 2059 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 6e6f . You do not no\n-00044740: 726d 616c 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 0a20 rmally need to. \n-00044750: 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 3b20 2767 set this; 'g\n-00044760: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7427 2077 696c 6c20 rub-mount' will \n-00044770: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 automatically se\n-00044780: 7420 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 t the root devic\n-00044790: 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 726f e to. the ro\n-000447a0: 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7375 7070 6c69 ot of the suppli\n-000447b0: 6564 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e0a ed file system..\n-000447c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2044 4556 4943 4520 . If DEVICE \n-000447d0: 6973 206a 7573 7420 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 is just a number\n-000447e0: 2c20 7468 656e 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 , then it will b\n-000447f0: 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2061 2070 e treated as a p\n-00044800: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 artition. nu\n-00044810: 6d62 6572 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 mber within the \n-00044820: 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 supplied image. \n-00044830: 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 This means that\n-00044840: 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 616e , if you have an\n-00044850: 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 6f66 2061 . image of a\n-00044860: 6e20 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 6b20 696e n entire disk in\n-00044870: 2027 6469 736b 2e69 6d67 272c 2074 6865 'disk.img', the\n-00044880: 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 n you can use th\n-00044890: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 is. command \n-000448a0: 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7473 2073 6563 to mount its sec\n-000448b0: 6f6e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e3a 0a0a ond partition:..\n-000448c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d grub-m\n-000448d0: 6f75 6e74 202d 7220 3220 6469 736b 2e69 ount -r 2 disk.i\n-000448e0: 6d67 206d 6f75 6e74 2d70 6f69 6e74 0a0a mg mount-point..\n-000448f0: 272d 7627 0a27 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 6527 '-v'.'--verbose'\n-00044900: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7665 7262 . Print verb\n-00044910: 6f73 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2e0a 0a1f ose messages....\n-00044920: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00044930: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Node: Invokin\n-00044940: 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 204e g grub-probe, N\n-00044950: 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ext: Invoking gr\n-00044960: 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2c ub-script-check,\n-00044970: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Prev: Invoking\n-00044980: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5570 grub-mount, Up\n-00044990: 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3920 496e 766f 6b69 : Top..29 Invoki\n-000449a0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 650a 2a2a ng grub-probe.**\n+00043410: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 *****..The progr\n+00043420: 616d 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 am 'grub-mkrelpa\n+00043430: 7468 2720 6d61 6b65 7320 6120 6669 6c65 th' makes a file\n+00043440: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 656c system path rel\n+00043450: 6174 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 0a72 6f6f ative to the.roo\n+00043460: 7420 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 7461 696e t of its contain\n+00043470: 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e ing file system.\n+00043480: 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 For instance, \n+00043490: 6966 2027 2f75 7372 2720 6973 2061 206d if '/usr' is a m\n+000434a0: 6f75 6e74 0a70 6f69 6e74 2c20 7468 656e ount.point, then\n+000434b0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 7562 2d6d :.. $ grub-m\n+000434c0: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 202f 7573 722f 7368 krelpath /usr/sh\n+000434d0: 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f75 6e69 636f 6465 are/grub/unicode\n+000434e0: 2e70 6632 0a20 2020 2020 272f 7368 6172 .pf2. '/shar\n+000434f0: 652f 6772 7562 2f75 6e69 636f 6465 2e70 e/grub/unicode.p\n+00043500: 6632 270a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 f2'.. This is \n+00043510: 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6420 696e 7465 mainly used inte\n+00043520: 726e 616c 6c79 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7220 rnally by other \n+00043530: 4752 5542 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2073 GRUB utilities s\n+00043540: 7563 6820 6173 0a27 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 uch as.'grub-mkc\n+00043550: 6f6e 6669 6727 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e onfig' (*note In\n+00043560: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n+00043570: 6e66 6967 3a3a 292c 2062 7574 206d 6179 nfig::), but may\n+00043580: 206f 6363 6173 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 616c occasionally.al\n+00043590: 736f 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 so be useful for\n+000435a0: 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 debugging... \n+000435b0: 2767 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 6827 'grub-mkrelpath'\n+000435c0: 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c accepts the fol\n+000435d0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a lowing options:.\n+000435e0: 0a27 2d2d 6865 6c70 270a 2020 2020 2050 .'--help'. P\n+000435f0: 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f rint a summary o\n+00043600: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 f the command-li\n+00043610: 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 ne options and e\n+00043620: 7869 742e 0a0a 272d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e xit...'--version\n+00043630: 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 '. Print the\n+00043640: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 version number \n+00043650: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 of GRUB and exit\n+00043660: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00043670: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 info, Node: Inv\n+00043680: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 oking grub-mkres\n+00043690: 6375 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f cue, Next: Invo\n+000436a0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c king grub-mount,\n+000436b0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Prev: Invoking\n+000436c0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 682c grub-mkrelpath,\n+000436d0: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3720 496e Up: Top..27 In\n+000436e0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n+000436f0: 7363 7565 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a scue.***********\n+00043700: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+00043710: 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 2767 7275 The program 'gru\n+00043720: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2720 6765 6e65 b-mkrescue' gene\n+00043730: 7261 7465 7320 6120 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 rates a bootable\n+00043740: 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 GRUB rescue ima\n+00043750: 6765 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d61 6b69 6e67 ge.(*note Making\n+00043760: 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 a GRUB bootable\n+00043770: 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 CD-ROM::)... \n+00043780: 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 grub-mkrescue \n+00043790: 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 -o grub.iso.. \n+000437a0: 416c 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6e6f All arguments no\n+000437b0: 7420 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c 6973 t explicitly lis\n+000437c0: 7465 6420 6173 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 ted as 'grub-mkr\n+000437d0: 6573 6375 6527 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 escue' options a\n+000437e0: 7265 0a70 6173 7365 6420 6f6e 2064 6972 re.passed on dir\n+000437f0: 6563 746c 7920 746f 2027 786f 7272 6973 ectly to 'xorris\n+00043800: 6f27 2069 6e20 276d 6b69 736f 6673 2720 o' in 'mkisofs' \n+00043810: 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2e20 emulation mode. \n+00043820: 204f 7074 696f 6e73 0a70 6173 7365 6420 Options.passed \n+00043830: 746f 2027 786f 7272 6973 6f27 2077 696c to 'xorriso' wil\n+00043840: 6c20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2062 6520 696e l normally be in\n+00043850: 7465 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 2027 6d6b terpreted as 'mk\n+00043860: 6973 6f66 7327 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3b0a isofs' options;.\n+00043870: 6966 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 272d if the option '-\n+00043880: 2d27 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 656e -' is used, then\n+00043890: 2061 6e79 7468 696e 6720 6166 7465 7220 anything after \n+000438a0: 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e74 that will be int\n+000438b0: 6572 7072 6574 6564 0a61 7320 6e61 7469 erpreted.as nati\n+000438c0: 7665 2027 786f 7272 6973 6f27 206f 7074 ve 'xorriso' opt\n+000438d0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 6e2d 6f70 ions... Non-op\n+000438e0: 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2073 tion arguments s\n+000438f0: 7065 6369 6679 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 pecify additiona\n+00043900: 6c20 736f 7572 6365 2064 6972 6563 746f l source directo\n+00043910: 7269 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a63 ries. This is.c\n+00043920: 6f6d 6d6f 6e6c 7920 7573 6564 2074 6f20 ommonly used to \n+00043930: 6164 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 add extra files \n+00043940: 746f 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 3a0a 0a20 to the image:.. \n+00043950: 2020 2020 6d6b 6469 7220 2d70 2064 6973 mkdir -p dis\n+00043960: 6b2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 k/boot/grub. \n+00043970: 2028 6164 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 (add extra file\n+00043980: 7320 746f 2027 6469 736b 2f62 6f6f 742f s to 'disk/boot/\n+00043990: 6772 7562 2729 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 grub'). grub\n+000439a0: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 -mkrescue -o gru\n+000439b0: 622e 6973 6f20 6469 736b 0a0a 2020 2027 b.iso disk.. '\n+000439c0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6527 2061 grub-mkrescue' a\n+000439d0: 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ccepts the follo\n+000439e0: 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0a27 wing options:..'\n+000439f0: 2d2d 6865 6c70 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 --help'. Pri\n+00043a00: 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 nt a summary of \n+00043a10: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 the command-line\n+00043a20: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 options and exi\n+00043a30: 742e 0a0a 272d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e 270a t...'--version'.\n+00043a40: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 Print the v\n+00043a50: 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 ersion number of\n+00043a60: 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a GRUB and exit..\n+00043a70: 0a27 2d6f 2046 494c 4527 0a27 2d2d 6f75 .'-o FILE'.'--ou\n+00043a80: 7470 7574 3d46 494c 4527 0a20 2020 2020 tput=FILE'. \n+00043a90: 5361 7665 206f 7574 7075 7420 696e 2046 Save output in F\n+00043aa0: 494c 452e 2020 5468 6973 2022 6f70 7469 ILE. This \"opti\n+00043ab0: 6f6e 2220 6973 2072 6571 7569 7265 642e on\" is required.\n+00043ac0: 0a0a 272d 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 3d4d 4f44 ..'--modules=MOD\n+00043ad0: 554c 4553 270a 2020 2020 2050 7265 2d6c ULES'. Pre-l\n+00043ae0: 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 4752 oad the named GR\n+00043af0: 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 6e20 7468 UB modules in th\n+00043b00: 6520 696d 6167 652e 2020 4d75 6c74 6970 e image. Multip\n+00043b10: 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2069 6e0a 2020 le entries in. \n+00043b20: 2020 204d 4f44 554c 4553 2073 686f 756c MODULES shoul\n+00043b30: 6420 6265 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 d be separated b\n+00043b40: 7920 7768 6974 6573 7061 6365 2028 736f y whitespace (so\n+00043b50: 2079 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 you will probab\n+00043b60: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 ly. need to \n+00043b70: 7175 6f74 6520 7468 6973 2066 6f72 2079 quote this for y\n+00043b80: 6f75 7220 7368 656c 6c29 2e0a 0a27 2d2d our shell)...'--\n+00043b90: 726f 6d2d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 4449 rom-directory=DI\n+00043ba0: 5227 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 656e 6572 R'. If gener\n+00043bb0: 6174 696e 6720 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 ating images for\n+00043bc0: 2074 6865 2051 454d 5520 6f72 2043 6f72 the QEMU or Cor\n+00043bd0: 6562 6f6f 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c eboot platforms,\n+00043be0: 2063 6f70 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 copy the. r\n+00043bf0: 6573 756c 7469 6e67 2027 7165 6d75 2e69 esulting 'qemu.i\n+00043c00: 6d67 2720 6f72 2027 636f 7265 626f 6f74 mg' or 'coreboot\n+00043c10: 2e65 6c66 2720 6669 6c65 7320 7265 7370 .elf' files resp\n+00043c20: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 650a ectively to the.\n+00043c30: 2020 2020 2044 4952 2064 6972 6563 746f DIR directo\n+00043c40: 7279 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 696e ry as well as in\n+00043c50: 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 656d 2069 6e20 cluding them in \n+00043c60: 7468 6520 696d 6167 652e 0a0a 272d 2d78 the image...'--x\n+00043c70: 6f72 7269 736f 3d46 494c 4527 0a20 2020 orriso=FILE'. \n+00043c80: 2020 5573 6520 4649 4c45 2061 7320 7468 Use FILE as th\n+00043c90: 6520 2778 6f72 7269 736f 2720 7072 6f67 e 'xorriso' prog\n+00043ca0: 7261 6d2c 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e ram, rather than\n+00043cb0: 2074 6865 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a 2020 the built-in. \n+00043cc0: 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0a27 2d2d default...'--\n+00043cd0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 3d46 494c grub-mkimage=FIL\n+00043ce0: 4527 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 4c45 E'. Use FILE\n+00043cf0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 2767 7275 622d 6d6b as the 'grub-mk\n+00043d00: 696d 6167 6527 2070 726f 6772 616d 2c20 image' program, \n+00043d10: 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 rather than the \n+00043d20: 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 2020 2020 6465 built-in. de\n+00043d30: 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 fault.....File: \n+00043d40: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00043d50: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+00043d60: 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e mount, Next: In\n+00043d70: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 voking grub-prob\n+00043d80: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 e, Prev: Invoki\n+00043d90: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 ng grub-mkrescue\n+00043da0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3238 2049 , Up: Top..28 I\n+00043db0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 nvoking grub-mou\n+00043dc0: 6e74 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a nt.*************\n+00043dd0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2070 *********..The p\n+00043de0: 726f 6772 616d 2027 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 rogram 'grub-mou\n+00043df0: 6e74 2720 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 2072 nt' performs a r\n+00043e00: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 206f ead-only mount o\n+00043e10: 6620 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 f any file syste\n+00043e20: 6d0a 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d m.or file system\n+00043e30: 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 image that GRUB\n+00043e40: 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 2c20 7573 understands, us\n+00043e50: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2773 2066 696c 6520 ing GRUB's file \n+00043e60: 7379 7374 656d 0a64 7269 7665 7273 2076 system.drivers v\n+00043e70: 6961 2046 5553 452e 2028 4974 2069 7320 ia FUSE. (It is \n+00043e80: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 only available i\n+00043e90: 6620 4655 5345 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 f FUSE developme\n+00043ea0: 6e74 2066 696c 6573 2077 6572 650a 7072 nt files were.pr\n+00043eb0: 6573 656e 7420 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 esent when GRUB \n+00043ec0: 7761 7320 6275 696c 742e 2920 2054 6869 was built.) Thi\n+00043ed0: 7320 6861 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 206f s has a number o\n+00043ee0: 6620 7573 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2a20 4974 f uses:.. * It\n+00043ef0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 636f 6e76 provides a conv\n+00043f00: 656e 6965 6e74 2077 6179 2074 6f20 6368 enient way to ch\n+00043f10: 6563 6b20 686f 7720 4752 5542 2077 696c eck how GRUB wil\n+00043f20: 6c20 7669 6577 2061 2066 696c 650a 2020 l view a file. \n+00043f30: 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 2062 6f6f system at boo\n+00043f40: 7420 7469 6d65 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e t time. You can\n+00043f50: 2075 7365 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 636f 6d6d use normal comm\n+00043f60: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2074 6f6f 6c73 2074 and-line tools t\n+00043f70: 6f0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 o. compare t\n+00043f80: 6861 7420 7669 6577 2077 6974 6820 7468 hat view with th\n+00043f90: 6174 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 at of your opera\n+00043fa0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 206d 616b ting system, mak\n+00043fb0: 696e 6720 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6561 7379 ing it. easy\n+00043fc0: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2062 7567 732e 0a0a to find bugs...\n+00043fd0: 2020 202a 2049 7420 6f66 6665 7273 2074 * It offers t\n+00043fe0: 7275 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f rue read-only mo\n+00043ff0: 756e 7473 2e20 204c 696e 7578 2064 6f65 unts. Linux doe\n+00044000: 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 2074 6865 7365 s not have these\n+00044010: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6a6f 7572 6e61 for. journa\n+00044020: 6c6c 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 lling file syste\n+00044030: 6d73 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 6974 2077 ms, because it w\n+00044040: 696c 6c20 616c 7761 7973 2061 7474 656d ill always attem\n+00044050: 7074 2074 6f20 7265 706c 6179 0a20 2020 pt to replay. \n+00044060: 2020 7468 6520 6a6f 7572 6e61 6c20 6174 the journal at\n+00044070: 206d 6f75 6e74 2074 696d 653b 2077 6869 mount time; whi\n+00044080: 6c65 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2074 656d 706f le you can tempo\n+00044090: 7261 7269 6c79 206d 6172 6b20 7468 6520 rarily mark the \n+000440a0: 626c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 block. devic\n+000440b0: 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 746f 2061 e read-only to a\n+000440c0: 766f 6964 2074 6869 732c 2074 6861 7420 void this, that \n+000440d0: 6361 7573 6573 2074 6865 206d 6f75 6e74 causes the mount\n+000440e0: 2074 6f20 6661 696c 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 to fail.. S\n+000440f0: 696e 6365 2047 5255 4220 696e 7465 6e74 ince GRUB intent\n+00044100: 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 ionally contains\n+00044110: 206e 6f20 636f 6465 2066 6f72 2077 7269 no code for wri\n+00044120: 7469 6e67 2074 6f20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 ting to file. \n+00044130: 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2069 7420 6361 systems, it ca\n+00044140: 6e20 6561 7369 6c79 2070 726f 7669 6465 n easily provide\n+00044150: 2061 2067 7561 7261 6e74 6565 6420 7265 a guaranteed re\n+00044160: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 740a 2020 ad-only mount. \n+00044170: 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2e0a 0a20 mechanism... \n+00044180: 2020 2a20 4974 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 796f * It allows yo\n+00044190: 7520 746f 2065 7861 6d69 6e65 2061 6e79 u to examine any\n+000441a0: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2074 6861 file system tha\n+000441b0: 7420 4752 5542 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e t GRUB understan\n+000441c0: 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 6f75 7420 ds. without \n+000441d0: 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 needing to load \n+000441e0: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206d 6f64 756c additional modul\n+000441f0: 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 796f 7572 2072 756e es into your run\n+00044200: 6e69 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c ning. kernel\n+00044210: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6265 2075 , which may be u\n+00044220: 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e 7374 7261 seful in constra\n+00044230: 696e 6564 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 ined environment\n+00044240: 7320 7375 6368 2061 730a 2020 2020 2069 s such as. i\n+00044250: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 202a nstallers... *\n+00044260: 2053 696e 6365 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6578 Since it can ex\n+00044270: 616d 696e 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 amine file syste\n+00044280: 6d20 696d 6167 6573 2028 636f 6e74 6169 m images (contai\n+00044290: 6e65 6420 696e 2072 6567 756c 6172 0a20 ned in regular. \n+000442a0: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7329 206a 7573 7420 files) just \n+000442b0: 6173 2065 6173 696c 7920 6173 2066 696c as easily as fil\n+000442c0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 6f6e 2062 6c6f e systems on blo\n+000442d0: 636b 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c20 796f 7520 ck devices, you \n+000442e0: 6361 6e20 7573 650a 2020 2020 2069 7420 can use. it \n+000442f0: 746f 2069 6e73 7065 6374 2061 6e79 2066 to inspect any f\n+00044300: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 ile system image\n+00044310: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 6e64 6572 that GRUB under\n+00044320: 7374 616e 6473 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 6c79 stands with only\n+00044330: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6f75 6768 2070 7269 . enough pri\n+00044340: 7669 6c65 6765 7320 746f 2075 7365 2046 vileges to use F\n+00044350: 5553 452c 2065 7665 6e20 6966 206e 6f62 USE, even if nob\n+00044360: 6f64 7920 6861 7320 7965 7420 7772 6974 ody has yet writ\n+00044370: 7465 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2046 5553 4520 ten a. FUSE \n+00044380: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 module specifica\n+00044390: 6c6c 7920 666f 7220 7468 6174 2066 696c lly for that fil\n+000443a0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2074 7970 652e 0a0a e system type...\n+000443b0: 2020 2055 7369 6e67 2027 6772 7562 2d6d Using 'grub-m\n+000443c0: 6f75 6e74 2720 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c ount' is normall\n+000443d0: 7920 6173 2073 696d 706c 6520 6173 3a0a y as simple as:.\n+000443e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 . grub-mount\n+000443f0: 202f 6465 762f 7364 6131 202f 6d6e 740a /dev/sda1 /mnt.\n+00044400: 0a20 2020 2767 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7427 . 'grub-mount'\n+00044410: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e 206f must be given o\n+00044420: 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 ne or more image\n+00044430: 7320 616e 6420 6120 6d6f 756e 7420 706f s and a mount po\n+00044440: 696e 7420 6173 0a6e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f int as.non-optio\n+00044450: 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 2869 6620 n arguments (if \n+00044460: 6974 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6d6f 7265 it is given more\n+00044470: 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 696d 6167 652c than one image,\n+00044480: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7265 6174 0a74 it will treat.t\n+00044490: 6865 6d20 6173 2061 2052 4149 4420 7365 hem as a RAID se\n+000444a0: 7429 2c20 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 6363 t), and also acc\n+000444b0: 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 epts the followi\n+000444c0: 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0a27 2d2d ng options:..'--\n+000444d0: 6865 6c70 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 help'. Print\n+000444e0: 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 a summary of th\n+000444f0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f e command-line o\n+00044500: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e ptions and exit.\n+00044510: 0a0a 272d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e 270a 2020 ..'--version'. \n+00044520: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 Print the ver\n+00044530: 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 sion number of G\n+00044540: 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a27 RUB and exit...'\n+00044550: 2d43 270a 272d 2d63 7279 7074 6f27 0a20 -C'.'--crypto'. \n+00044560: 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 656e 6372 7970 Mount encryp\n+00044570: 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 732c 2070 726f ted devices, pro\n+00044580: 6d70 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 2061 2070 6173 mpting for a pas\n+00044590: 7370 6872 6173 6520 6966 206e 6563 6573 sphrase if neces\n+000445a0: 7361 7279 2e0a 0a27 2d64 2053 5452 494e sary...'-d STRIN\n+000445b0: 4727 0a27 2d2d 6465 6275 673d 5354 5249 G'.'--debug=STRI\n+000445c0: 4e47 270a 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 6465 NG'. Show de\n+000445d0: 6275 6767 696e 6720 6f75 7470 7574 2066 bugging output f\n+000445e0: 6f72 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 or conditions ma\n+000445f0: 7463 6869 6e67 2053 5452 494e 472e 0a0a tching STRING...\n+00044600: 272d 4b20 7072 6f6d 7074 7c46 494c 4527 '-K prompt|FILE'\n+00044610: 0a27 2d2d 7a66 732d 6b65 793d 7072 6f6d .'--zfs-key=prom\n+00044620: 7074 7c46 494c 4527 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f pt|FILE'. Lo\n+00044630: 6164 2061 205a 4653 2065 6e63 7279 7074 ad a ZFS encrypt\n+00044640: 696f 6e20 6b65 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ion key. If you\n+00044650: 2075 7365 2027 7072 6f6d 7074 2720 6173 use 'prompt' as\n+00044660: 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 742c 0a20 the argument,. \n+00044670: 2020 2020 2767 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7427 'grub-mount'\n+00044680: 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 2061 2070 6173 will read a pas\n+00044690: 7370 6872 6173 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 sphrase from the\n+000446a0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3b 206f 7468 6572 terminal; other\n+000446b0: 7769 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 7420 7769 wise,. it wi\n+000446c0: 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 6b65 7920 6d61 7465 ll read key mate\n+000446d0: 7269 616c 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7370 rial from the sp\n+000446e0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a27 ecified file...'\n+000446f0: 2d72 2044 4556 4943 4527 0a27 2d2d 726f -r DEVICE'.'--ro\n+00044700: 6f74 3d44 4556 4943 4527 0a20 2020 2020 ot=DEVICE'. \n+00044710: 5365 7420 7468 6520 4752 5542 2072 6f6f Set the GRUB roo\n+00044720: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 4445 5649 t device to DEVI\n+00044730: 4345 2e20 2059 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 CE. You do not \n+00044740: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f normally need to\n+00044750: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 3b20 . set this; \n+00044760: 2767 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7427 2077 696c 'grub-mount' wil\n+00044770: 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 l automatically \n+00044780: 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 set the root dev\n+00044790: 6963 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 ice to. the \n+000447a0: 726f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7375 7070 root of the supp\n+000447b0: 6c69 6564 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d lied file system\n+000447c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2044 4556 4943 ... If DEVIC\n+000447d0: 4520 6973 206a 7573 7420 6120 6e75 6d62 E is just a numb\n+000447e0: 6572 2c20 7468 656e 2069 7420 7769 6c6c er, then it will\n+000447f0: 2062 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2061 be treated as a\n+00044800: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 partition. \n+00044810: 6e75 6d62 6572 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 number within th\n+00044820: 6520 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2069 6d61 6765 e supplied image\n+00044830: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 . This means th\n+00044840: 6174 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 at, if you have \n+00044850: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 6f66 an. image of\n+00044860: 2061 6e20 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 6b20 an entire disk \n+00044870: 696e 2027 6469 736b 2e69 6d67 272c 2074 in 'disk.img', t\n+00044880: 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 hen you can use \n+00044890: 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e this. comman\n+000448a0: 6420 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7473 2073 d to mount its s\n+000448b0: 6563 6f6e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e3a econd partition:\n+000448c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n+000448d0: 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202d 7220 3220 6469 736b -mount -r 2 disk\n+000448e0: 2e69 6d67 206d 6f75 6e74 2d70 6f69 6e74 .img mount-point\n+000448f0: 0a0a 272d 7627 0a27 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 ..'-v'.'--verbos\n+00044900: 6527 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7665 e'. Print ve\n+00044910: 7262 6f73 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2e0a rbose messages..\n+00044920: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00044930: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b fo, Node: Invok\n+00044940: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 ing grub-probe, \n+00044950: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Next: Invoking \n+00044960: 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 grub-script-chec\n+00044970: 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 k, Prev: Invoki\n+00044980: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 ng grub-mount, \n+00044990: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3920 496e 766f Up: Top..29 Invo\n+000449a0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 650a king grub-probe.\n 000449b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000449c0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 ****..The progra\n-000449d0: 6d20 2767 7275 622d 7072 6f62 6527 2070 m 'grub-probe' p\n-000449e0: 726f 6265 7320 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 robes device inf\n-000449f0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 2067 ormation for a g\n-00044a00: 6976 656e 2070 6174 6820 6f72 0a64 6576 iven path or.dev\n-00044a10: 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d ice... grub-\n-00044a20: 7072 6f62 6520 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d66 probe --target=f\n-00044a30: 7320 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 s /boot/grub. \n-00044a40: 2020 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 202d 2d74 grub-probe --t\n-00044a50: 6172 6765 743d 6472 6976 6520 2d2d 6465 arget=drive --de\n-00044a60: 7669 6365 202f 6465 762f 7364 6131 0a0a vice /dev/sda1..\n-00044a70: 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2720 'grub-probe' \n-00044a80: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6120 must be given a \n-00044a90: 7061 7468 206f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 path or device a\n-00044aa0: 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 s a non-option a\n-00044ab0: 7267 756d 656e 742c 0a61 6e64 2061 6c73 rgument,.and als\n-00044ac0: 6f20 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f o accepts the fo\n-00044ad0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a llowing options:\n-00044ae0: 0a0a 272d 2d68 656c 7027 0a20 2020 2020 ..'--help'. \n-00044af0: 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 Print a summary \n-00044b00: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c of the command-l\n-00044b10: 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 ine options and \n-00044b20: 6578 6974 2e0a 0a27 2d2d 7665 7273 696f exit...'--versio\n-00044b30: 6e27 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 n'. Print th\n-00044b40: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 e version number\n-00044b50: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 of GRUB and exi\n-00044b60: 742e 0a0a 272d 6427 0a27 2d2d 6465 7669 t...'-d'.'--devi\n-00044b70: 6365 270a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 ce'. If this\n-00044b80: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e option is given\n-00044b90: 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 206e 6f6e 2d6f , then the non-o\n-00044ba0: 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 ption argument i\n-00044bb0: 7320 6120 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 s a system. \n-00044bc0: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 2873 7563 device name (suc\n-00044bd0: 6820 6173 2027 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3127 h as '/dev/sda1'\n-00044be0: 292c 2061 6e64 2027 6772 7562 2d70 726f ), and 'grub-pro\n-00044bf0: 6265 2720 7769 6c6c 2070 7269 6e74 0a20 be' will print. \n-00044c00: 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 information \n-00044c10: 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6174 2064 6576 6963 about that devic\n-00044c20: 652e 2020 4966 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 e. If it is not\n-00044c30: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 given, then the\n-00044c40: 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e . non-option\n-00044c50: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 2066 argument is a f\n-00044c60: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2028 ilesystem path (\n-00044c70: 7375 6368 2061 7320 272f 626f 6f74 2f67 such as '/boot/g\n-00044c80: 7275 6227 292c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 rub'),. and \n-00044c90: 2767 7275 622d 7072 6f62 6527 2077 696c 'grub-probe' wil\n-00044ca0: 6c20 7072 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 l print informat\n-00044cb0: 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6465 ion about the de\n-00044cc0: 7669 6365 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 670a vice containing.\n-00044cd0: 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 7061 7274 206f that part o\n-00044ce0: 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d f the filesystem\n-00044cf0: 2e0a 0a27 2d6d 2046 494c 4527 0a27 2d2d ...'-m FILE'.'--\n-00044d00: 6465 7669 6365 2d6d 6170 3d46 494c 4527 device-map=FILE'\n-00044d10: 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 4c45 2061 . Use FILE a\n-00044d20: 7320 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 s the device map\n-00044d30: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 206d (*note Device m\n-00044d40: 6170 3a3a 2920 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 ap::) rather tha\n-00044d50: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 n the. defau\n-00044d60: 6c74 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 272f 626f lt, usually '/bo\n-00044d70: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6465 7669 6365 2e6d ot/grub/device.m\n-00044d80: 6170 272e 0a0a 272d 7420 5441 5247 4554 ap'...'-t TARGET\n-00044d90: 270a 272d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 5441 5247 '.'--target=TARG\n-00044da0: 4554 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2069 ET'. Print i\n-00044db0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 nformation about\n-00044dc0: 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 6820 the given path \n-00044dd0: 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 2064 6566 or device as def\n-00044de0: 696e 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2054 4152 ined by. TAR\n-00044df0: 4745 542e 2020 5468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 GET. The availa\n-00044e00: 626c 6520 7461 7267 6574 7320 616e 6420 ble targets and \n-00044e10: 7468 6569 7220 6d65 616e 696e 6773 2061 their meanings a\n-00044e20: 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2766 7327 0a20 re:.. 'fs'. \n-00044e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6669 GRUB fi\n-00044e40: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f64 756c 652e lesystem module.\n-00044e50: 0a20 2020 2020 2766 735f 7575 6964 270a . 'fs_uuid'.\n-00044e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4669 6c65 7379 Filesy\n-00044e70: 7374 656d 2055 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 stem Universally\n-00044e80: 2055 6e69 7175 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 Unique Identifi\n-00044e90: 6572 2028 5555 4944 292e 0a20 2020 2020 er (UUID).. \n-00044ea0: 2766 735f 6c61 6265 6c27 0a20 2020 2020 'fs_label'. \n-00044eb0: 2020 2020 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 Filesystem \n-00044ec0: 6c61 6265 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 2764 7269 label.. 'dri\n-00044ed0: 7665 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 ve'. GR\n-00044ee0: 5542 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a UB device name..\n-00044ef0: 2020 2020 2027 6465 7669 6365 270a 2020 'device'. \n-00044f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 656d 2064 System d\n-00044f10: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 evice name.. \n-00044f20: 2027 7061 7274 6d61 7027 0a20 2020 2020 'partmap'. \n-00044f30: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 7061 7274 6974 GRUB partit\n-00044f40: 696f 6e20 6d61 7020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a ion map module..\n-00044f50: 2020 2020 2027 6162 7374 7261 6374 696f 'abstractio\n-00044f60: 6e27 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 n'. GRU\n-00044f70: 4220 6162 7374 7261 6374 696f 6e20 6d6f B abstraction mo\n-00044f80: 6475 6c65 2028 652e 672e 2020 276c 766d dule (e.g. 'lvm\n-00044f90: 2729 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6372 7970 746f ').. 'crypto\n-00044fa0: 6469 736b 5f75 7569 6427 0a20 2020 2020 disk_uuid'. \n-00044fb0: 2020 2020 2043 7279 7074 6f20 6465 7669 Crypto devi\n-00044fc0: 6365 2055 5549 442e 0a20 2020 2020 276d ce UUID.. 'm\n-00044fd0: 7364 6f73 5f70 6172 7474 7970 6527 0a20 sdos_parttype'. \n-00044fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 4252 2070 6172 MBR par\n-00044ff0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 tition type code\n-00045000: 2028 7477 6f20 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 (two hexadecima\n-00045010: 6c20 6469 6769 7473 292e 0a20 2020 2020 l digits).. \n-00045020: 2768 696e 7473 5f73 7472 696e 6727 0a20 'hints_string'. \n-00045030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 2073 7472 696e A strin\n-00045040: 6720 6f66 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 7365 g of platform se\n-00045050: 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2073 7569 7461 arch hints suita\n-00045060: 626c 6520 666f 7220 7061 7373 696e 6720 ble for passing \n-00045070: 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 to the. \n-00045080: 2027 7365 6172 6368 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 'search' comman\n-00045090: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 683a d (*note search:\n-000450a0: 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6269 6f73 5f68 :).. 'bios_h\n-000450b0: 696e 7473 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ints'. \n-000450c0: 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 Search hints for\n-000450d0: 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 the PC BIOS pla\n-000450e0: 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 2769 6565 tform.. 'iee\n-000450f0: 6531 3237 355f 6869 6e74 7327 0a20 2020 e1275_hints'. \n-00045100: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 6869 Search hi\n-00045110: 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 4945 4545 nts for the IEEE\n-00045120: 3132 3735 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 1275 platform.. \n-00045130: 2020 2020 2762 6172 656d 6574 616c 5f68 'baremetal_h\n-00045140: 696e 7473 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ints'. \n-00045150: 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 Search hints for\n-00045160: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 7265 platforms where\n-00045170: 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 2061 6464 7265 disks are addre\n-00045180: 7373 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a 2020 ssed directly. \n-00045190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7261 7468 6572 2074 rather t\n-000451a0: 6861 6e20 7669 6120 6669 726d 7761 7265 han via firmware\n-000451b0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6566 695f 6869 6e74 .. 'efi_hint\n-000451c0: 7327 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 s'. Sea\n-000451d0: 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 rch hints for th\n-000451e0: 6520 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a e EFI platform..\n-000451f0: 2020 2020 2027 6172 635f 6869 6e74 7327 'arc_hints'\n-00045200: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 . Searc\n-00045210: 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 h hints for the \n-00045220: 4152 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2020 ARC platform.. \n-00045230: 2020 2027 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 'compatibilit\n-00045240: 795f 6869 6e74 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 y_hint'. \n-00045250: 2020 4120 6775 6573 7320 6174 2061 2072 A guess at a r\n-00045260: 6561 736f 6e61 626c 6520 4752 5542 2064 easonable GRUB d\n-00045270: 7269 7665 206e 616d 6520 666f 7220 7468 rive name for th\n-00045280: 6973 2064 6576 6963 652c 2077 6869 6368 is device, which\n-00045290: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6179 2062 . may b\n-000452a0: 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 6120 6661 6c6c e used as a fall\n-000452b0: 6261 636b 2069 6620 7468 6520 2773 6561 back if the 'sea\n-000452c0: 7263 6827 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2066 6169 rch' command fai\n-000452d0: 6c73 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6469 736b 270a ls.. 'disk'.\n-000452e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 656d System\n-000452f0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2066 6f72 device name for\n-00045300: 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2064 6973 6b2e the whole disk.\n-00045310: 0a0a 272d 7627 0a27 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 ..'-v'.'--verbos\n-00045320: 6527 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7665 e'. Print ve\n-00045330: 7262 6f73 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2e0a rbose messages..\n-00045340: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00045350: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b fo, Node: Invok\n-00045360: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d ing grub-script-\n-00045370: 6368 6563 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4f62 check, Next: Ob\n-00045380: 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c taining and Buil\n-00045390: 6469 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5072 6576 ding GRUB, Prev\n-000453a0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-000453b0: 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a probe, Up: Top.\n-000453c0: 0a33 3020 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 .30 Invoking gru\n-000453d0: 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 0a2a b-script-check.*\n-000453e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000453f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 ************..Th\n-00045400: 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 2767 7275 622d e program 'grub-\n-00045410: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2720 7461 script-check' ta\n-00045420: 6b65 7320 6120 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 kes a GRUB scrip\n-00045430: 7420 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 5368 t file (*note.Sh\n-00045440: 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 ell-like scripti\n-00045450: 6e67 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 6368 6563 6b73 ng::) and checks\n-00045460: 2069 7420 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 it for syntax e\n-00045470: 7272 6f72 732c 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 rrors, similar t\n-00045480: 6f0a 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2073 7563 6820 o.commands such \n-00045490: 6173 2027 7368 202d 6e27 2e20 2049 7420 as 'sh -n'. It \n-000454a0: 6d61 7920 7461 6b65 2061 2050 4154 4820 may take a PATH \n-000454b0: 6173 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 as a non-option \n-000454c0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 3b0a 6966 206e 6f6e argument;.if non\n-000454d0: 6520 6973 2073 7570 706c 6965 642c 2069 e is supplied, i\n-000454e0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d t will read from\n-000454f0: 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7075 742e standard input.\n-00045500: 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 .. grub-scri\n-00045510: 7074 2d63 6865 636b 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 pt-check /boot/g\n-00045520: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 rub/grub.cfg.. \n-00045530: 2027 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 'grub-script-ch\n-00045540: 6563 6b27 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 eck' accepts the\n-00045550: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f following optio\n-00045560: 6e73 3a0a 0a27 2d2d 6865 6c70 270a 2020 ns:..'--help'. \n-00045570: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 Print a summa\n-00045580: 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ry of the comman\n-00045590: 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 d-line options a\n-000455a0: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 272d 2d76 6572 nd exit...'--ver\n-000455b0: 7369 6f6e 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 sion'. Print\n-000455c0: 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d the version num\n-000455d0: 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 ber of GRUB and \n-000455e0: 6578 6974 2e0a 0a27 2d76 270a 272d 2d76 exit...'-v'.'--v\n-000455f0: 6572 626f 7365 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 erbose'. Pri\n-00045600: 6e74 2065 6163 6820 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 nt each line of \n-00045610: 696e 7075 7420 6166 7465 7220 7265 6164 input after read\n-00045620: 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ing it.....File:\n-00045630: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00045640: 653a 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 e: Obtaining and\n-00045650: 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 Building GRUB, \n-00045660: 204e 6578 743a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 Next: Reporting\n-00045670: 2062 7567 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e bugs, Prev: In\n-00045680: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 voking grub-scri\n-00045690: 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2c20 2055 703a 2054 pt-check, Up: T\n-000456a0: 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2041 2048 op..Appendix A H\n-000456b0: 6f77 2074 6f20 6f62 7461 696e 2061 6e64 ow to obtain and\n-000456c0: 2062 7569 6c64 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a build GRUB.****\n+000449c0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 ******..The prog\n+000449d0: 7261 6d20 2767 7275 622d 7072 6f62 6527 ram 'grub-probe'\n+000449e0: 2070 726f 6265 7320 6465 7669 6365 2069 probes device i\n+000449f0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 nformation for a\n+00044a00: 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 6820 6f72 0a64 given path or.d\n+00044a10: 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 evice... gru\n+00044a20: 622d 7072 6f62 6520 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 b-probe --target\n+00044a30: 3d66 7320 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 =fs /boot/grub. \n+00044a40: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 202d grub-probe -\n+00044a50: 2d74 6172 6765 743d 6472 6976 6520 2d2d -target=drive --\n+00044a60: 6465 7669 6365 202f 6465 762f 7364 6131 device /dev/sda1\n+00044a70: 0a0a 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 .. 'grub-probe\n+00044a80: 2720 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 ' must be given \n+00044a90: 6120 7061 7468 206f 7220 6465 7669 6365 a path or device\n+00044aa0: 2061 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e as a non-option\n+00044ab0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 742c 0a61 6e64 2061 argument,.and a\n+00044ac0: 6c73 6f20 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 lso accepts the \n+00044ad0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e following option\n+00044ae0: 733a 0a0a 272d 2d68 656c 7027 0a20 2020 s:..'--help'. \n+00044af0: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 Print a summar\n+00044b00: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 y of the command\n+00044b10: 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e -line options an\n+00044b20: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a27 2d2d 7665 7273 d exit...'--vers\n+00044b30: 696f 6e27 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 ion'. Print \n+00044b40: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 the version numb\n+00044b50: 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 er of GRUB and e\n+00044b60: 7869 742e 0a0a 272d 6427 0a27 2d2d 6465 xit...'-d'.'--de\n+00044b70: 7669 6365 270a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 vice'. If th\n+00044b80: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 is option is giv\n+00044b90: 656e 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 206e 6f6e en, then the non\n+00044ba0: 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 -option argument\n+00044bb0: 2069 7320 6120 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 is a system. \n+00044bc0: 2020 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 2873 device name (s\n+00044bd0: 7563 6820 6173 2027 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 uch as '/dev/sda\n+00044be0: 3127 292c 2061 6e64 2027 6772 7562 2d70 1'), and 'grub-p\n+00044bf0: 726f 6265 2720 7769 6c6c 2070 7269 6e74 robe' will print\n+00044c00: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f . informatio\n+00044c10: 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6174 2064 6576 n about that dev\n+00044c20: 6963 652e 2020 4966 2069 7420 6973 206e ice. If it is n\n+00044c30: 6f74 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e 2074 ot given, then t\n+00044c40: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 he. non-opti\n+00044c50: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 on argument is a\n+00044c60: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 filesystem path\n+00044c70: 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 272f 626f 6f74 (such as '/boot\n+00044c80: 2f67 7275 6227 292c 0a20 2020 2020 616e /grub'),. an\n+00044c90: 6420 2767 7275 622d 7072 6f62 6527 2077 d 'grub-probe' w\n+00044ca0: 696c 6c20 7072 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d ill print inform\n+00044cb0: 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6520 ation about the \n+00044cc0: 6465 7669 6365 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e device containin\n+00044cd0: 670a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 7061 7274 g. that part\n+00044ce0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 of the filesyst\n+00044cf0: 656d 2e0a 0a27 2d6d 2046 494c 4527 0a27 em...'-m FILE'.'\n+00044d00: 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 2d6d 6170 3d46 494c --device-map=FIL\n+00044d10: 4527 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 4c45 E'. Use FILE\n+00044d20: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d as the device m\n+00044d30: 6170 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 ap (*note Device\n+00044d40: 206d 6170 3a3a 2920 7261 7468 6572 2074 map::) rather t\n+00044d50: 6861 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 6566 han the. def\n+00044d60: 6175 6c74 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 272f ault, usually '/\n+00044d70: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6465 7669 6365 boot/grub/device\n+00044d80: 2e6d 6170 272e 0a0a 272d 7420 5441 5247 .map'...'-t TARG\n+00044d90: 4554 270a 272d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 5441 ET'.'--target=TA\n+00044da0: 5247 4554 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 RGET'. Print\n+00044db0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f information abo\n+00044dc0: 7574 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 ut the given pat\n+00044dd0: 6820 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 2064 h or device as d\n+00044de0: 6566 696e 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2054 efined by. T\n+00044df0: 4152 4745 542e 2020 5468 6520 6176 6169 ARGET. The avai\n+00044e00: 6c61 626c 6520 7461 7267 6574 7320 616e lable targets an\n+00044e10: 6420 7468 6569 7220 6d65 616e 696e 6773 d their meanings\n+00044e20: 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2766 7327 are:.. 'fs'\n+00044e30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 . GRUB \n+00044e40: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f64 756c filesystem modul\n+00044e50: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2766 735f 7575 6964 e.. 'fs_uuid\n+00044e60: 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4669 6c65 '. File\n+00044e70: 7379 7374 656d 2055 6e69 7665 7273 616c system Universal\n+00044e80: 6c79 2055 6e69 7175 6520 4964 656e 7469 ly Unique Identi\n+00044e90: 6669 6572 2028 5555 4944 292e 0a20 2020 fier (UUID).. \n+00044ea0: 2020 2766 735f 6c61 6265 6c27 0a20 2020 'fs_label'. \n+00044eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 Filesyste\n+00044ec0: 6d20 6c61 6265 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 2764 m label.. 'd\n+00044ed0: 7269 7665 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rive'. \n+00044ee0: 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 GRUB device name\n+00044ef0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6465 7669 6365 270a .. 'device'.\n+00044f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 656d System\n+00044f10: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a 2020 device name.. \n+00044f20: 2020 2027 7061 7274 6d61 7027 0a20 2020 'partmap'. \n+00044f30: 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 7061 7274 GRUB part\n+00044f40: 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7020 6d6f 6475 6c65 ition map module\n+00044f50: 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6162 7374 7261 6374 .. 'abstract\n+00044f60: 696f 6e27 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 ion'. G\n+00044f70: 5255 4220 6162 7374 7261 6374 696f 6e20 RUB abstraction \n+00044f80: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 652e 672e 2020 276c module (e.g. 'l\n+00044f90: 766d 2729 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6372 7970 vm').. 'cryp\n+00044fa0: 746f 6469 736b 5f75 7569 6427 0a20 2020 todisk_uuid'. \n+00044fb0: 2020 2020 2020 2043 7279 7074 6f20 6465 Crypto de\n+00044fc0: 7669 6365 2055 5549 442e 0a20 2020 2020 vice UUID.. \n+00044fd0: 276d 7364 6f73 5f70 6172 7474 7970 6527 'msdos_parttype'\n+00044fe0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 4252 2070 . MBR p\n+00044ff0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f artition type co\n+00045000: 6465 2028 7477 6f20 6865 7861 6465 6369 de (two hexadeci\n+00045010: 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 292e 0a20 2020 mal digits).. \n+00045020: 2020 2768 696e 7473 5f73 7472 696e 6727 'hints_string'\n+00045030: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 2073 7472 . A str\n+00045040: 696e 6720 6f66 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 ing of platform \n+00045050: 7365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2073 7569 search hints sui\n+00045060: 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 7061 7373 696e table for passin\n+00045070: 6720 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 g to the. \n+00045080: 2020 2027 7365 6172 6368 2720 636f 6d6d 'search' comm\n+00045090: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 and (*note searc\n+000450a0: 683a 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6269 6f73 h::).. 'bios\n+000450b0: 5f68 696e 7473 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _hints'. \n+000450c0: 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 Search hints f\n+000450d0: 6f72 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 or the PC BIOS p\n+000450e0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 2769 latform.. 'i\n+000450f0: 6565 6531 3237 355f 6869 6e74 7327 0a20 eee1275_hints'. \n+00045100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 Search \n+00045110: 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 4945 hints for the IE\n+00045120: 4545 3132 3735 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e EE1275 platform.\n+00045130: 0a20 2020 2020 2762 6172 656d 6574 616c . 'baremetal\n+00045140: 5f68 696e 7473 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _hints'. \n+00045150: 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 Search hints f\n+00045160: 6f72 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 or platforms whe\n+00045170: 7265 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 2061 6464 re disks are add\n+00045180: 7265 7373 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a ressed directly.\n+00045190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7261 7468 6572 rather\n+000451a0: 2074 6861 6e20 7669 6120 6669 726d 7761 than via firmwa\n+000451b0: 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6566 695f 6869 re.. 'efi_hi\n+000451c0: 6e74 7327 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 nts'. S\n+000451d0: 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 earch hints for \n+000451e0: 7468 6520 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d the EFI platform\n+000451f0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6172 635f 6869 6e74 .. 'arc_hint\n+00045200: 7327 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 s'. Sea\n+00045210: 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 rch hints for th\n+00045220: 6520 4152 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a e ARC platform..\n+00045230: 2020 2020 2027 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 'compatibil\n+00045240: 6974 795f 6869 6e74 270a 2020 2020 2020 ity_hint'. \n+00045250: 2020 2020 4120 6775 6573 7320 6174 2061 A guess at a\n+00045260: 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c 6520 4752 5542 reasonable GRUB\n+00045270: 2064 7269 7665 206e 616d 6520 666f 7220 drive name for \n+00045280: 7468 6973 2064 6576 6963 652c 2077 6869 this device, whi\n+00045290: 6368 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6179 ch. may\n+000452a0: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 6120 6661 be used as a fa\n+000452b0: 6c6c 6261 636b 2069 6620 7468 6520 2773 llback if the 's\n+000452c0: 6561 7263 6827 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2066 earch' command f\n+000452d0: 6169 6c73 2e0a 2020 2020 2027 6469 736b ails.. 'disk\n+000452e0: 270a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 '. Syst\n+000452f0: 656d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2066 em device name f\n+00045300: 6f72 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2064 6973 or the whole dis\n+00045310: 6b2e 0a0a 272d 7627 0a27 2d2d 7665 7262 k...'-v'.'--verb\n+00045320: 6f73 6527 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 ose'. Print \n+00045330: 7665 7262 6f73 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 verbose messages\n+00045340: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00045350: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 info, Node: Inv\n+00045360: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 oking grub-scrip\n+00045370: 742d 6368 6563 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 t-check, Next: \n+00045380: 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 Obtaining and Bu\n+00045390: 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5072 ilding GRUB, Pr\n+000453a0: 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 ev: Invoking gru\n+000453b0: 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 3a20 546f b-probe, Up: To\n+000453c0: 700a 0a33 3020 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 p..30 Invoking g\n+000453d0: 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b rub-script-check\n+000453e0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n+000453f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+00045400: 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 2767 7275 The program 'gru\n+00045410: 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2720 b-script-check' \n+00045420: 7461 6b65 7320 6120 4752 5542 2073 6372 takes a GRUB scr\n+00045430: 6970 7420 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a ipt file (*note.\n+00045440: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n+00045450: 7469 6e67 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 6368 6563 ting::) and chec\n+00045460: 6b73 2069 7420 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 ks it for syntax\n+00045470: 2065 7272 6f72 732c 2073 696d 696c 6172 errors, similar\n+00045480: 2074 6f0a 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2073 7563 to.commands suc\n+00045490: 6820 6173 2027 7368 202d 6e27 2e20 2049 h as 'sh -n'. I\n+000454a0: 7420 6d61 7920 7461 6b65 2061 2050 4154 t may take a PAT\n+000454b0: 4820 6173 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f H as a non-optio\n+000454c0: 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 3b0a 6966 206e n argument;.if n\n+000454d0: 6f6e 6520 6973 2073 7570 706c 6965 642c one is supplied,\n+000454e0: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 6672 it will read fr\n+000454f0: 6f6d 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7075 om standard inpu\n+00045500: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 7363 t... grub-sc\n+00045510: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 202f 626f 6f74 ript-check /boot\n+00045520: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a /grub/grub.cfg..\n+00045530: 2020 2027 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 'grub-script-\n+00045540: 6368 6563 6b27 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 check' accepts t\n+00045550: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 he following opt\n+00045560: 696f 6e73 3a0a 0a27 2d2d 6865 6c70 270a ions:..'--help'.\n+00045570: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d Print a sum\n+00045580: 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d mary of the comm\n+00045590: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 and-line options\n+000455a0: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 272d 2d76 and exit...'--v\n+000455b0: 6572 7369 6f6e 270a 2020 2020 2050 7269 ersion'. Pri\n+000455c0: 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e nt the version n\n+000455d0: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e umber of GRUB an\n+000455e0: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a27 2d76 270a 272d d exit...'-v'.'-\n+000455f0: 2d76 6572 626f 7365 270a 2020 2020 2050 -verbose'. P\n+00045600: 7269 6e74 2065 6163 6820 6c69 6e65 206f rint each line o\n+00045610: 6620 696e 7075 7420 6166 7465 7220 7265 f input after re\n+00045620: 6164 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ading it.....Fil\n+00045630: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00045640: 6f64 653a 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 ode: Obtaining a\n+00045650: 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 nd Building GRUB\n+00045660: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 , Next: Reporti\n+00045670: 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ng bugs, Prev: \n+00045680: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 Invoking grub-sc\n+00045690: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2c20 2055 703a ript-check, Up:\n+000456a0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2041 Top..Appendix A\n+000456b0: 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 6f62 7461 696e 2061 How to obtain a\n+000456c0: 6e64 2062 7569 6c64 2047 5255 420a 2a2a nd build GRUB.**\n 000456d0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 000456e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000456f0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2a43 6175 7469 ***.. *Cauti\n-00045700: 6f6e 3a2a 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 6972 on:* GRUB requir\n-00045710: 6573 2062 696e 7574 696c 732d 322e 392e es binutils-2.9.\n-00045720: 312e 302e 3233 206f 7220 6c61 7465 7220 1.0.23 or later \n-00045730: 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 because the. \n-00045740: 2047 4e55 2061 7373 656d 626c 6572 2068 GNU assembler h\n-00045750: 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6368 616e 6765 6420 as been changed \n-00045760: 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e 2070 so that it can p\n-00045770: 726f 6475 6365 2072 6561 6c20 3136 6269 roduce real 16bi\n-00045780: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 696e 6520 ts. machine \n-00045790: 636f 6465 2062 6574 7765 656e 2032 2e39 code between 2.9\n-000457a0: 2e31 2061 6e64 2032 2e39 2e31 2e30 2e78 .1 and 2.9.1.0.x\n-000457b0: 2e20 2053 6565 0a20 2020 2020 3c68 7474 . See. , to obtain inf\n-000457f0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 686f 770a ormation on how.\n-00045800: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6765 7420 7468 6520 to get the \n-00045810: 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a latest version..\n-00045820: 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 6176 6169 . GRUB is avai\n-00045830: 6c61 626c 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2047 lable from the G\n-00045840: 4e55 2061 6c70 6861 2061 7263 6869 7665 NU alpha archive\n-00045850: 2073 6974 650a 3c66 7470 3a2f 2f66 7470 site. or any of its\n-00045880: 206d 6972 726f 7273 2e20 2054 6865 2066 mirrors. The f\n-00045890: 696c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 6e61 6d65 ile will be.name\n-000458a0: 6420 6772 7562 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e 2e74 d grub-version.t\n-000458b0: 6172 2e67 7a2e 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 ar.gz. The curr\n-000458c0: 656e 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6973 2032 ent version is 2\n-000458d0: 2e30 362c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 .06, so the file\n-000458e0: 2079 6f75 0a73 686f 756c 6420 6772 6162 you.should grab\n-000458f0: 2069 733a 0a0a 2020 203c 6674 703a 2f2f is:.. .. To un\n-00045930: 6275 6e64 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7573 6520 bundle GRUB use \n-00045940: 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e3a the instruction:\n-00045950: 0a0a 2020 2020 207a 6361 7420 6772 7562 .. zcat grub\n-00045960: 2d32 2e30 362e 7461 722e 677a 207c 2074 -2.06.tar.gz | t\n-00045970: 6172 2078 7666 202d 0a0a 2020 2077 6869 ar xvf -.. whi\n-00045980: 6368 2077 696c 6c20 6372 6561 7465 2061 ch will create a\n-00045990: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 616c 6c65 directory calle\n-000459a0: 6420 2767 7275 622d 322e 3036 2720 7769 d 'grub-2.06' wi\n-000459b0: 7468 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 0a73 6f75 7263 th all the.sourc\n-000459c0: 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 206c 6f6f es. You can loo\n-000459d0: 6b20 6174 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 2749 k at the file 'I\n-000459e0: 4e53 5441 4c4c 2720 666f 7220 6465 7461 NSTALL' for deta\n-000459f0: 696c 6564 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e iled instruction\n-00045a00: 730a 6f6e 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 6275 696c s.on how to buil\n-00045a10: 6420 616e 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 d and install GR\n-00045a20: 5542 2c20 6275 7420 796f 7520 7368 6f75 UB, but you shou\n-00045a30: 6c64 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6a75 ld be able to ju\n-00045a40: 7374 2064 6f3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2063 6420 st do:.. cd \n-00045a50: 6772 7562 2d32 2e30 360a 2020 2020 202e grub-2.06. .\n-00045a60: 2f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 0a20 2020 2020 /configure. \n-00045a70: 6d61 6b65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 make install.. \n-00045a80: 2041 6c73 6f2c 2074 6865 206c 6174 6573 Also, the lates\n-00045a90: 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6973 2061 7661 t version is ava\n-00045aa0: 696c 6162 6c65 2075 7369 6e67 2047 6974 ilable using Git\n-00045ab0: 2e20 2053 6565 0a3c 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 . See. for\n-00045af0: 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f more.informatio\n-00045b00: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n-00045b10: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5265 .info, Node: Re\n-00045b20: 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 204e porting bugs, N\n-00045b30: 6578 743a 2046 7574 7572 652c 2020 5072 ext: Future, Pr\n-00045b40: 6576 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e ev: Obtaining an\n-00045b50: 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 422c d Building GRUB,\n-00045b60: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e Up: Top..Appen\n-00045b70: 6469 7820 4220 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 dix B Reporting \n-00045b80: 6275 6773 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a bugs.***********\n-00045b90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n-00045ba0: 5468 6573 6520 6172 6520 7468 6520 6775 These are the gu\n-00045bb0: 6964 656c 696e 6520 666f 7220 686f 7720 ideline for how \n-00045bc0: 746f 2072 6570 6f72 7420 6275 6773 2e20 to report bugs. \n-00045bd0: 2054 616b 6520 6120 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 Take a look at \n-00045be0: 7468 6973 0a6c 6973 7420 6265 6c6f 7720 this.list below \n-00045bf0: 6265 666f 7265 2079 6f75 2073 7562 6d69 before you submi\n-00045c00: 7420 6275 6773 3a0a 0a20 2031 2e20 4265 t bugs:.. 1. Be\n-00045c10: 666f 7265 2067 6574 7469 6e67 2075 6e73 fore getting uns\n-00045c20: 6574 746c 6564 2c20 7265 6164 2074 6869 ettled, read thi\n-00045c30: 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2074 6872 6f75 6768 s manual through\n-00045c40: 2061 6e64 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2e0a 2020 and through.. \n-00045c50: 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2073 6565 2074 6865 Also, see the\n-00045c60: 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 4641 510a 2020 GNU GRUB FAQ. \n-00045c70: 2020 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 (http://www.g\n-00045c80: 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f73 6f66 7477 6172 652f nu.org/software/\n-00045c90: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622d 6661 712e 6874 grub/grub-faq.ht\n-00045ca0: 6d6c 292e 0a0a 2020 322e 2041 6c77 6179 ml)... 2. Alway\n-00045cb0: 7320 6d65 6e74 696f 6e20 7468 6520 696e s mention the in\n-00045cc0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 formation on you\n-00045cd0: 7220 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6520 7665 7273 r GRUB. The vers\n-00045ce0: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2061 6e64 0a20 ion number and. \n-00045cf0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 the configur\n-00045d00: 6174 696f 6e20 6172 6520 7175 6974 6520 ation are quite \n-00045d10: 696d 706f 7274 616e 742e 2020 4966 2079 important. If y\n-00045d20: 6f75 2062 7569 6c64 2069 7420 796f 7572 ou build it your\n-00045d30: 7365 6c66 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 7269 7465 self,. write\n-00045d40: 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2073 7065 the options spe\n-00045d50: 6369 6669 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f cified to the co\n-00045d60: 6e66 6967 7572 6520 7363 7269 7074 2061 nfigure script a\n-00045d70: 6e64 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 206f 7065 nd your. ope\n-00045d80: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2069 rating system, i\n-00045d90: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2076 6572 ncluding the ver\n-00045da0: 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2067 6363 2061 6e64 sions of gcc and\n-00045db0: 2062 696e 7574 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 332e binutils... 3.\n-00045dc0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2074 726f If you have tro\n-00045dd0: 7562 6c65 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 696e uble with the in\n-00045de0: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e 666f stallation, info\n-00045df0: 726d 2075 7320 6f66 2068 6f77 2079 6f75 rm us of how you\n-00045e00: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 . installed \n-00045e10: 4752 5542 2e20 446f 6e27 7420 6f6d 6974 GRUB. Don't omit\n-00045e20: 2065 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 732c error messages,\n-00045e30: 2069 6620 616e 792e 2020 4a75 7374 2027 if any. Just '\n-00045e40: 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e67 7320 GRUB. hangs \n-00045e50: 7570 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2062 6f6f 7473 up when it boots\n-00045e60: 2720 6973 206e 6f74 2065 6e6f 7567 682e ' is not enough.\n-00045e70: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 .. The infor\n-00045e80: 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2068 mation on your h\n-00045e90: 6172 6477 6172 6520 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 ardware is also \n-00045ea0: 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2e 2020 5468 6573 essential. Thes\n-00045eb0: 6520 6172 650a 2020 2020 2065 7370 6563 e are. espec\n-00045ec0: 6961 6c6c 7920 696d 706f 7274 616e 743a ially important:\n-00045ed0: 2074 6865 2067 656f 6d65 7472 6965 7320 the geometries \n-00045ee0: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f and the partitio\n-00045ef0: 6e20 7461 626c 6573 206f 660a 2020 2020 n tables of. \n-00045f00: 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 your hard disk \n-00045f10: 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 drives and your \n-00045f20: 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2034 2e20 4966 2047 BIOS... 4. If G\n-00045f30: 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 RUB cannot boot \n-00045f40: 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 your operating s\n-00045f50: 7973 7465 6d2c 2077 7269 7465 2064 6f77 ystem, write dow\n-00045f60: 6e20 5f65 7665 7279 7468 696e 675f 0a20 n _everything_. \n-00045f70: 2020 2020 796f 7520 7365 6520 6f6e 2074 you see on t\n-00045f80: 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 446f 6e27 he screen. Don'\n-00045f90: 7420 7061 7261 7068 7261 7365 2074 6865 t paraphrase the\n-00045fa0: 6d2c 206c 696b 6520 2754 6865 2066 6f6f m, like 'The foo\n-00045fb0: 204f 530a 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 OS. crashes\n-00045fc0: 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 2c20 6576 656e with GRUB, even\n-00045fd0: 2074 686f 7567 6820 6974 2063 616e 2062 though it can b\n-00045fe0: 6f6f 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2062 6172 oot with the bar\n-00045ff0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a20 2020 boot loader. \n-00046000: 2020 6a75 7374 2066 696e 6527 2e20 204d just fine'. M\n-00046010: 656e 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ention the comma\n-00046020: 6e64 7320 796f 7520 6578 6563 7574 6564 nds you executed\n-00046030: 2c20 7468 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 0a20 , the messages. \n-00046040: 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 6420 6279 2074 printed by t\n-00046050: 6865 6d2c 2061 6e64 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 hem, and informa\n-00046060: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206f 7065 tion on your ope\n-00046070: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696e rating system in\n-00046080: 636c 7564 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 cluding. the\n-00046090: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 722e version number.\n-000460a0: 0a0a 2020 352e 2045 7870 6c61 696e 2077 .. 5. Explain w\n-000460b0: 6861 7420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 6564 2074 hat you wanted t\n-000460c0: 6f20 646f 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2076 6572 o do. It is ver\n-000460d0: 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 6b6e 6f77 y useful to know\n-000460e0: 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 7572 706f your. purpo\n-000460f0: 7365 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 7769 7368 se and your wish\n-00046100: 2c20 616e 6420 686f 7720 4752 5542 2064 , and how GRUB d\n-00046110: 6964 6e27 7420 7361 7469 7366 7920 796f idn't satisfy yo\n-00046120: 752e 0a0a 2020 362e 2049 6620 796f 7520 u... 6. If you \n-00046130: 6361 6e20 696e 7665 7374 6967 6174 6520 can investigate \n-00046140: 7468 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 796f 7572 the problem your\n-00046150: 7365 6c66 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2064 6f2e self, please do.\n-00046160: 2020 5468 6174 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 That will. \n-00046170: 2067 6976 6520 796f 7520 616e 6420 7573 give you and us\n-00046180: 206d 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 much more infor\n-00046190: 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7072 mation on the pr\n-000461a0: 6f62 6c65 6d2e 2020 4174 7461 6368 696e oblem. Attachin\n-000461b0: 6720 610a 2020 2020 2070 6174 6368 2069 g a. patch i\n-000461c0: 7320 6576 656e 2062 6574 7465 722e 0a0a s even better...\n-000461d0: 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6174 When you at\n-000461e0: 7461 6368 2061 2070 6174 6368 2c20 6d61 tach a patch, ma\n-000461f0: 6b65 2074 6865 2070 6174 6368 2069 6e20 ke the patch in \n-00046200: 756e 6966 6965 6420 6469 6666 2066 6f72 unified diff for\n-00046210: 6d61 742c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7772 mat, and. wr\n-00046220: 6974 6520 4368 616e 6765 4c6f 6720 656e ite ChangeLog en\n-00046230: 7472 6965 732e 2020 4275 742c 2065 7665 tries. But, eve\n-00046240: 6e20 7768 656e 2079 6f75 206d 616b 6520 n when you make \n-00046250: 6120 7061 7463 682c 2064 6f6e 2774 0a20 a patch, don't. \n-00046260: 2020 2020 666f 7267 6574 2074 6f20 6578 forget to ex\n-00046270: 706c 6169 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 plain the proble\n-00046280: 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2077 6520 6361 m, so that we ca\n-00046290: 6e20 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2077 6861 n understand wha\n-000462a0: 7420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 t your. patc\n-000462b0: 6820 6973 2066 6f72 2e0a 0a20 2037 2e20 h is for... 7. \n-000462c0: 5772 6974 6520 646f 776e 2061 6e79 7468 Write down anyth\n-000462d0: 696e 6720 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2074 6869 ing that you thi\n-000462e0: 6e6b 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7265 6c61 nk might be rela\n-000462f0: 7465 642e 2020 506c 6561 7365 0a20 2020 ted. Please. \n-00046300: 2020 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2074 6861 understand tha\n-00046310: 7420 7765 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 t we often need \n-00046320: 746f 2072 6570 726f 6475 6365 2074 6865 to reproduce the\n-00046330: 2073 616d 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 796f same problem yo\n-00046340: 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 6f75 6e74 6572 u. encounter\n-00046350: 6564 2069 6e20 6f75 7220 656e 7669 726f ed in our enviro\n-00046360: 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 536f 2079 6f75 7220 nment. So your \n-00046370: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7368 6f75 information shou\n-00046380: 6c64 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 7566 6669 ld be. suffi\n-00046390: 6369 656e 7420 666f 7220 7573 2074 6f20 cient for us to \n-000463a0: 646f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7468 696e do the same thin\n-000463b0: 672d 2d44 6f6e 2774 2066 6f72 6765 7420 g--Don't forget \n-000463c0: 7468 6174 2077 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 0a20 that we cannot. \n-000463d0: 2020 2020 7365 6520 796f 7572 2063 6f6d see your com\n-000463e0: 7075 7465 7220 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2e20 puter directly. \n-000463f0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 If you are not \n-00046400: 7375 7265 2077 6865 7468 6572 2074 6f20 sure whether to \n-00046410: 7374 6174 6520 610a 2020 2020 2066 6163 state a. fac\n-00046420: 7420 6f72 206c 6561 7665 2069 7420 6f75 t or leave it ou\n-00046430: 742c 2073 7461 7465 2069 7421 2020 5265 t, state it! Re\n-00046440: 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 porting too many\n-00046450: 2074 6869 6e67 7320 6973 206d 7563 680a things is much.\n-00046460: 2020 2020 2062 6574 7465 7220 7468 616e better than\n-00046470: 206f 6d69 7474 696e 6720 736f 6d65 7468 omitting someth\n-00046480: 696e 6720 696d 706f 7274 616e 742e 0a0a ing important...\n-00046490: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 666f 6c6c 6f77 If you follow\n-000464a0: 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 6e65 2061 the guideline a\n-000464b0: 626f 7665 2c20 7375 626d 6974 2061 2072 bove, submit a r\n-000464c0: 6570 6f72 7420 746f 2074 6865 2042 7567 eport to the Bug\n-000464d0: 0a54 7261 636b 696e 6720 5379 7374 656d .Tracking System\n-000464e0: 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f73 6176 616e 6e61 (http://savanna\n-000464f0: 682e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 6275 6773 2f3f h.gnu.org/bugs/?\n-00046500: 6772 6f75 703d 6772 7562 292e 0a41 6c74 group=grub)..Alt\n-00046510: 6572 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 796f 7520 ernatively, you \n-00046520: 6361 6e20 7375 626d 6974 2061 2072 6570 can submit a rep\n-00046530: 6f72 7420 7669 6120 656c 6563 7472 6f6e ort via electron\n-00046540: 6963 206d 6169 6c20 746f 0a3c 6275 672d ic mail to., b\n-00046560: 7574 2077 6520 7374 726f 6e67 6c79 2072 ut we strongly r\n-00046570: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 6861 7420 796f ecommend that yo\n-00046580: 7520 7573 6520 7468 6520 4275 670a 5472 u use the Bug.Tr\n-00046590: 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 6d2c 2062 acking System, b\n-000465a0: 6563 6175 7365 2065 2d6d 6169 6c20 6361 ecause e-mail ca\n-000465b0: 6e20 6265 2070 6173 7365 6420 6f76 6572 n be passed over\n-000465c0: 2065 6173 696c 792e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e63 easily... Onc\n-000465d0: 6520 7765 2067 6574 2079 6f75 7220 7265 e we get your re\n-000465e0: 706f 7274 2c20 7765 2077 696c 6c20 7472 port, we will tr\n-000465f0: 7920 746f 2066 6978 2074 6865 2062 7567 y to fix the bug\n-00046600: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-00046610: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4675 .info, Node: Fu\n-00046620: 7475 7265 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f70 ture, Next: Cop\n-00046630: 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c ying This Manual\n-00046640: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 , Prev: Reporti\n-00046650: 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f ng bugs, Up: To\n-00046660: 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4320 5768 p..Appendix C Wh\n-00046670: 6572 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 676f ere GRUB will go\n-00046680: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n-00046690: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n-000466a0: 4752 5542 2032 2069 7320 6e6f 7720 7175 GRUB 2 is now qu\n-000466b0: 6974 6520 7374 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 ite stable and u\n-000466c0: 7365 6420 696e 206d 616e 7920 7072 6f64 sed in many prod\n-000466d0: 7563 7469 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e20 uction systems. \n-000466e0: 2057 6520 6172 650a 6375 7272 656e 746c We are.currentl\n-000466f0: 7920 776f 726b 696e 6720 746f 7761 7264 y working toward\n-00046700: 7320 6120 322e 3020 7265 6c65 6173 652e s a 2.0 release.\n-00046710: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 6520 .. If you are \n-00046720: 696e 7465 7265 7374 6564 2069 6e20 7468 interested in th\n-00046730: 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 6f66 e development of\n-00046740: 2047 5255 4220 322c 2074 616b 6520 6120 GRUB 2, take a \n-00046750: 6c6f 6f6b 2061 740a 7468 6520 686f 6d65 look at.the home\n-00046760: 7061 6765 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 page (http://www\n-00046770: 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f73 6f66 7477 6172 .gnu.org/softwar\n-00046780: 652f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6874 6d6c e/grub/grub.html\n-00046790: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-000467a0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f .info, Node: Co\n-000467b0: 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 pying This Manua\n-000467c0: 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 6465 782c l, Next: Index,\n-000467d0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4675 7475 7265 2c20 Prev: Future, \n-000467e0: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 Up: Top..Append\n-000467f0: 6978 2044 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 ix D Copying Thi\n-00046800: 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a s Manual.*******\n+000456f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2a43 6175 *****.. *Cau\n+00045700: 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 tion:* GRUB requ\n+00045710: 6972 6573 2062 696e 7574 696c 732d 322e ires binutils-2.\n+00045720: 392e 312e 302e 3233 206f 7220 6c61 7465 9.1.0.23 or late\n+00045730: 7220 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 650a 2020 r because the. \n+00045740: 2020 2047 4e55 2061 7373 656d 626c 6572 GNU assembler\n+00045750: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6368 616e 6765 has been change\n+00045760: 6420 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e d so that it can\n+00045770: 2070 726f 6475 6365 2072 6561 6c20 3136 produce real 16\n+00045780: 6269 7473 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 696e bits. machin\n+00045790: 6520 636f 6465 2062 6574 7765 656e 2032 e code between 2\n+000457a0: 2e39 2e31 2061 6e64 2032 2e39 2e31 2e30 .9.1 and 2.9.1.0\n+000457b0: 2e78 2e20 2053 6565 0a20 2020 2020 3c68 .x. See. , to obtain i\n+000457f0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 686f nformation on ho\n+00045800: 770a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6765 7420 7468 w. to get th\n+00045810: 6520 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 6f6e e latest version\n+00045820: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 6176 ... GRUB is av\n+00045830: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 ailable from the\n+00045840: 2047 4e55 2061 6c70 6861 2061 7263 6869 GNU alpha archi\n+00045850: 7665 2073 6974 650a 3c66 7470 3a2f 2f66 ve site. or any of i\n+00045880: 7473 206d 6972 726f 7273 2e20 2054 6865 ts mirrors. The\n+00045890: 2066 696c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 6e61 file will be.na\n+000458a0: 6d65 6420 6772 7562 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e med grub-version\n+000458b0: 2e74 6172 2e67 7a2e 2020 5468 6520 6375 .tar.gz. The cu\n+000458c0: 7272 656e 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6973 rrent version is\n+000458d0: 2032 2e30 362c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6669 2.06, so the fi\n+000458e0: 6c65 2079 6f75 0a73 686f 756c 6420 6772 le you.should gr\n+000458f0: 6162 2069 733a 0a0a 2020 203c 6674 703a ab is:.. .. To \n+00045930: 756e 6275 6e64 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7573 unbundle GRUB us\n+00045940: 6520 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f e the instructio\n+00045950: 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 207a 6361 7420 6772 n:.. zcat gr\n+00045960: 7562 2d32 2e30 362e 7461 722e 677a 207c ub-2.06.tar.gz |\n+00045970: 2074 6172 2078 7666 202d 0a0a 2020 2077 tar xvf -.. w\n+00045980: 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 6372 6561 7465 hich will create\n+00045990: 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 616c a directory cal\n+000459a0: 6c65 6420 2767 7275 622d 322e 3036 2720 led 'grub-2.06' \n+000459b0: 7769 7468 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 0a73 6f75 with all the.sou\n+000459c0: 7263 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 206c rces. You can l\n+000459d0: 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 ook at the file \n+000459e0: 2749 4e53 5441 4c4c 2720 666f 7220 6465 'INSTALL' for de\n+000459f0: 7461 696c 6564 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 tailed instructi\n+00045a00: 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 6275 ons.on how to bu\n+00045a10: 696c 6420 616e 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 ild and install \n+00045a20: 4752 5542 2c20 6275 7420 796f 7520 7368 GRUB, but you sh\n+00045a30: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 ould be able to \n+00045a40: 6a75 7374 2064 6f3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2063 just do:.. c\n+00045a50: 6420 6772 7562 2d32 2e30 360a 2020 2020 d grub-2.06. \n+00045a60: 202e 2f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 0a20 2020 ./configure. \n+00045a70: 2020 6d61 6b65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a make install..\n+00045a80: 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2074 6865 206c 6174 Also, the lat\n+00045a90: 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6973 2061 est version is a\n+00045aa0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2075 7369 6e67 2047 vailable using G\n+00045ab0: 6974 2e20 2053 6565 0a3c 6874 7470 3a2f it. See. f\n+00045af0: 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 or more.informat\n+00045b00: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n+00045b10: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00045b20: 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 Reporting bugs, \n+00045b30: 204e 6578 743a 2046 7574 7572 652c 2020 Next: Future, \n+00045b40: 5072 6576 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 Prev: Obtaining \n+00045b50: 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 and Building GRU\n+00045b60: 422c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 B, Up: Top..App\n+00045b70: 656e 6469 7820 4220 5265 706f 7274 696e endix B Reportin\n+00045b80: 6720 6275 6773 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a g bugs.*********\n+00045b90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00045ba0: 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 6172 6520 7468 6520 ..These are the \n+00045bb0: 6775 6964 656c 696e 6520 666f 7220 686f guideline for ho\n+00045bc0: 7720 746f 2072 6570 6f72 7420 6275 6773 w to report bugs\n+00045bd0: 2e20 2054 616b 6520 6120 6c6f 6f6b 2061 . Take a look a\n+00045be0: 7420 7468 6973 0a6c 6973 7420 6265 6c6f t this.list belo\n+00045bf0: 7720 6265 666f 7265 2079 6f75 2073 7562 w before you sub\n+00045c00: 6d69 7420 6275 6773 3a0a 0a20 2031 2e20 mit bugs:.. 1. \n+00045c10: 4265 666f 7265 2067 6574 7469 6e67 2075 Before getting u\n+00045c20: 6e73 6574 746c 6564 2c20 7265 6164 2074 nsettled, read t\n+00045c30: 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2074 6872 6f75 his manual throu\n+00045c40: 6768 2061 6e64 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2e0a gh and through..\n+00045c50: 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2073 6565 2074 Also, see t\n+00045c60: 6865 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 4641 510a he GNU GRUB FAQ.\n+00045c70: 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 (http://www\n+00045c80: 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f73 6f66 7477 6172 .gnu.org/softwar\n+00045c90: 652f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622d 6661 712e e/grub/grub-faq.\n+00045ca0: 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a 2020 322e 2041 6c77 html)... 2. Alw\n+00045cb0: 6179 7320 6d65 6e74 696f 6e20 7468 6520 ays mention the \n+00045cc0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 information on y\n+00045cd0: 6f75 7220 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6520 7665 our GRUB. The ve\n+00045ce0: 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2061 6e64 rsion number and\n+00045cf0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 . the config\n+00045d00: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6172 6520 7175 6974 uration are quit\n+00045d10: 6520 696d 706f 7274 616e 742e 2020 4966 e important. If\n+00045d20: 2079 6f75 2062 7569 6c64 2069 7420 796f you build it yo\n+00045d30: 7572 7365 6c66 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 7269 urself,. wri\n+00045d40: 7465 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2073 te the options s\n+00045d50: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 pecified to the \n+00045d60: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 7363 7269 7074 configure script\n+00045d70: 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 206f and your. o\n+00045d80: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c perating system,\n+00045d90: 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2076 including the v\n+00045da0: 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2067 6363 2061 ersions of gcc a\n+00045db0: 6e64 2062 696e 7574 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 nd binutils... \n+00045dc0: 332e 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2074 3. If you have t\n+00045dd0: 726f 7562 6c65 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 rouble with the \n+00045de0: 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e installation, in\n+00045df0: 666f 726d 2075 7320 6f66 2068 6f77 2079 form us of how y\n+00045e00: 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 ou. installe\n+00045e10: 6420 4752 5542 2e20 446f 6e27 7420 6f6d d GRUB. Don't om\n+00045e20: 6974 2065 7272 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 it error message\n+00045e30: 732c 2069 6620 616e 792e 2020 4a75 7374 s, if any. Just\n+00045e40: 2027 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e67 'GRUB. hang\n+00045e50: 7320 7570 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2062 6f6f s up when it boo\n+00045e60: 7473 2720 6973 206e 6f74 2065 6e6f 7567 ts' is not enoug\n+00045e70: 682e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6e66 h... The inf\n+00045e80: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 ormation on your\n+00045e90: 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 6973 2061 6c73 hardware is als\n+00045ea0: 6f20 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2e 2020 5468 o essential. Th\n+00045eb0: 6573 6520 6172 650a 2020 2020 2065 7370 ese are. esp\n+00045ec0: 6563 6961 6c6c 7920 696d 706f 7274 616e ecially importan\n+00045ed0: 743a 2074 6865 2067 656f 6d65 7472 6965 t: the geometrie\n+00045ee0: 7320 616e 6420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 s and the partit\n+00045ef0: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 206f 660a 2020 ion tables of. \n+00045f00: 2020 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 your hard dis\n+00045f10: 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 k drives and you\n+00045f20: 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2034 2e20 4966 r BIOS... 4. If\n+00045f30: 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f GRUB cannot boo\n+00045f40: 7420 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 t your operating\n+00045f50: 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2077 7269 7465 2064 system, write d\n+00045f60: 6f77 6e20 5f65 7665 7279 7468 696e 675f own _everything_\n+00045f70: 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7520 7365 6520 6f6e . you see on\n+00045f80: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 446f the screen. Do\n+00045f90: 6e27 7420 7061 7261 7068 7261 7365 2074 n't paraphrase t\n+00045fa0: 6865 6d2c 206c 696b 6520 2754 6865 2066 hem, like 'The f\n+00045fb0: 6f6f 204f 530a 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 oo OS. crash\n+00045fc0: 6573 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 2c20 6576 es with GRUB, ev\n+00045fd0: 656e 2074 686f 7567 6820 6974 2063 616e en though it can\n+00045fe0: 2062 6f6f 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2062 boot with the b\n+00045ff0: 6172 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a20 ar boot loader. \n+00046000: 2020 2020 6a75 7374 2066 696e 6527 2e20 just fine'. \n+00046010: 204d 656e 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d Mention the com\n+00046020: 6d61 6e64 7320 796f 7520 6578 6563 7574 mands you execut\n+00046030: 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 ed, the messages\n+00046040: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 6420 6279 . printed by\n+00046050: 2074 6865 6d2c 2061 6e64 2069 6e66 6f72 them, and infor\n+00046060: 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206f mation on your o\n+00046070: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 perating system \n+00046080: 696e 636c 7564 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 including. t\n+00046090: 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 he version numbe\n+000460a0: 722e 0a0a 2020 352e 2045 7870 6c61 696e r... 5. Explain\n+000460b0: 2077 6861 7420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 6564 what you wanted\n+000460c0: 2074 6f20 646f 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2076 to do. It is v\n+000460d0: 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 6b6e ery useful to kn\n+000460e0: 6f77 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 7572 ow your. pur\n+000460f0: 706f 7365 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 7769 pose and your wi\n+00046100: 7368 2c20 616e 6420 686f 7720 4752 5542 sh, and how GRUB\n+00046110: 2064 6964 6e27 7420 7361 7469 7366 7920 didn't satisfy \n+00046120: 796f 752e 0a0a 2020 362e 2049 6620 796f you... 6. If yo\n+00046130: 7520 6361 6e20 696e 7665 7374 6967 6174 u can investigat\n+00046140: 6520 7468 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 796f e the problem yo\n+00046150: 7572 7365 6c66 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2064 urself, please d\n+00046160: 6f2e 2020 5468 6174 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 o. That will. \n+00046170: 2020 2067 6976 6520 796f 7520 616e 6420 give you and \n+00046180: 7573 206d 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 us much more inf\n+00046190: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 ormation on the \n+000461a0: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2e 2020 4174 7461 6368 problem. Attach\n+000461b0: 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 2070 6174 6368 ing a. patch\n+000461c0: 2069 7320 6576 656e 2062 6574 7465 722e is even better.\n+000461d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 796f 7520 .. When you \n+000461e0: 6174 7461 6368 2061 2070 6174 6368 2c20 attach a patch, \n+000461f0: 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2070 6174 6368 2069 make the patch i\n+00046200: 6e20 756e 6966 6965 6420 6469 6666 2066 n unified diff f\n+00046210: 6f72 6d61 742c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 ormat, and. \n+00046220: 7772 6974 6520 4368 616e 6765 4c6f 6720 write ChangeLog \n+00046230: 656e 7472 6965 732e 2020 4275 742c 2065 entries. But, e\n+00046240: 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2079 6f75 206d 616b ven when you mak\n+00046250: 6520 6120 7061 7463 682c 2064 6f6e 2774 e a patch, don't\n+00046260: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7267 6574 2074 6f20 . forget to \n+00046270: 6578 706c 6169 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f62 explain the prob\n+00046280: 6c65 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2077 6520 lem, so that we \n+00046290: 6361 6e20 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2077 can understand w\n+000462a0: 6861 7420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7061 hat your. pa\n+000462b0: 7463 6820 6973 2066 6f72 2e0a 0a20 2037 tch is for... 7\n+000462c0: 2e20 5772 6974 6520 646f 776e 2061 6e79 . Write down any\n+000462d0: 7468 696e 6720 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2074 thing that you t\n+000462e0: 6869 6e6b 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7265 hink might be re\n+000462f0: 6c61 7465 642e 2020 506c 6561 7365 0a20 lated. Please. \n+00046300: 2020 2020 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2074 understand t\n+00046310: 6861 7420 7765 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 hat we often nee\n+00046320: 6420 746f 2072 6570 726f 6475 6365 2074 d to reproduce t\n+00046330: 6865 2073 616d 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 he same problem \n+00046340: 796f 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 6f75 6e74 you. encount\n+00046350: 6572 6564 2069 6e20 6f75 7220 656e 7669 ered in our envi\n+00046360: 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 536f 2079 6f75 ronment. So you\n+00046370: 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7368 r information sh\n+00046380: 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 7566 ould be. suf\n+00046390: 6669 6369 656e 7420 666f 7220 7573 2074 ficient for us t\n+000463a0: 6f20 646f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7468 o do the same th\n+000463b0: 696e 672d 2d44 6f6e 2774 2066 6f72 6765 ing--Don't forge\n+000463c0: 7420 7468 6174 2077 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 t that we cannot\n+000463d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6520 796f 7572 2063 . see your c\n+000463e0: 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 6469 7265 6374 6c79 omputer directly\n+000463f0: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 6520 6e6f . If you are no\n+00046400: 7420 7375 7265 2077 6865 7468 6572 2074 t sure whether t\n+00046410: 6f20 7374 6174 6520 610a 2020 2020 2066 o state a. f\n+00046420: 6163 7420 6f72 206c 6561 7665 2069 7420 act or leave it \n+00046430: 6f75 742c 2073 7461 7465 2069 7421 2020 out, state it! \n+00046440: 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 6f20 6d61 Reporting too ma\n+00046450: 6e79 2074 6869 6e67 7320 6973 206d 7563 ny things is muc\n+00046460: 680a 2020 2020 2062 6574 7465 7220 7468 h. better th\n+00046470: 616e 206f 6d69 7474 696e 6720 736f 6d65 an omitting some\n+00046480: 7468 696e 6720 696d 706f 7274 616e 742e thing important.\n+00046490: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 666f 6c6c .. If you foll\n+000464a0: 6f77 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 6e65 ow the guideline\n+000464b0: 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7375 626d 6974 2061 above, submit a\n+000464c0: 2072 6570 6f72 7420 746f 2074 6865 2042 report to the B\n+000464d0: 7567 0a54 7261 636b 696e 6720 5379 7374 ug.Tracking Syst\n+000464e0: 656d 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f73 6176 616e em (http://savan\n+000464f0: 6e61 682e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 6275 6773 nah.gnu.org/bugs\n+00046500: 2f3f 6772 6f75 703d 6772 7562 292e 0a41 /?group=grub)..A\n+00046510: 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 796f lternatively, yo\n+00046520: 7520 6361 6e20 7375 626d 6974 2061 2072 u can submit a r\n+00046530: 6570 6f72 7420 7669 6120 656c 6563 7472 eport via electr\n+00046540: 6f6e 6963 206d 6169 6c20 746f 0a3c 6275 onic mail to.,\n+00046560: 2062 7574 2077 6520 7374 726f 6e67 6c79 but we strongly\n+00046570: 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 6861 7420 recommend that \n+00046580: 796f 7520 7573 6520 7468 6520 4275 670a you use the Bug.\n+00046590: 5472 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 6d2c Tracking System,\n+000465a0: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2065 2d6d 6169 6c20 because e-mail \n+000465b0: 6361 6e20 6265 2070 6173 7365 6420 6f76 can be passed ov\n+000465c0: 6572 2065 6173 696c 792e 0a0a 2020 204f er easily... O\n+000465d0: 6e63 6520 7765 2067 6574 2079 6f75 7220 nce we get your \n+000465e0: 7265 706f 7274 2c20 7765 2077 696c 6c20 report, we will \n+000465f0: 7472 7920 746f 2066 6978 2074 6865 2062 try to fix the b\n+00046600: 7567 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ugs.....File: gr\n+00046610: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00046620: 4675 7475 7265 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 Future, Next: C\n+00046630: 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 opying This Manu\n+00046640: 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2052 6570 6f72 al, Prev: Repor\n+00046650: 7469 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 5570 3a20 ting bugs, Up: \n+00046660: 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4320 Top..Appendix C \n+00046670: 5768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 Where GRUB will \n+00046680: 676f 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a go.*************\n+00046690: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+000466a0: 0a0a 4752 5542 2032 2069 7320 6e6f 7720 ..GRUB 2 is now \n+000466b0: 7175 6974 6520 7374 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 quite stable and\n+000466c0: 2075 7365 6420 696e 206d 616e 7920 7072 used in many pr\n+000466d0: 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 oduction systems\n+000466e0: 2e20 2057 6520 6172 650a 6375 7272 656e . We are.curren\n+000466f0: 746c 7920 776f 726b 696e 6720 746f 7761 tly working towa\n+00046700: 7264 7320 6120 322e 3020 7265 6c65 6173 rds a 2.0 releas\n+00046710: 652e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 e... If you ar\n+00046720: 6520 696e 7465 7265 7374 6564 2069 6e20 e interested in \n+00046730: 7468 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 the development \n+00046740: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 322c 2074 616b 6520 of GRUB 2, take \n+00046750: 6120 6c6f 6f6b 2061 740a 7468 6520 686f a look at.the ho\n+00046760: 6d65 7061 6765 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 mepage (http://w\n+00046770: 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f73 6f66 7477 ww.gnu.org/softw\n+00046780: 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6874 are/grub/grub.ht\n+00046790: 6d6c 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ml).....File: gr\n+000467a0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000467b0: 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e Copying This Man\n+000467c0: 7561 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 6465 ual, Next: Inde\n+000467d0: 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4675 7475 7265 x, Prev: Future\n+000467e0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 , Up: Top..Appe\n+000467f0: 6e64 6978 2044 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 ndix D Copying T\n+00046800: 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a his Manual.*****\n 00046810: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00046820: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a *******..* Menu:\n-00046830: 0a0a 2a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 ..* GNU Free Doc\n-00046840: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n-00046850: 7365 3a3a 2020 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 666f se:: License fo\n-00046860: 7220 636f 7079 696e 6720 7468 6973 206d r copying this m\n-00046870: 616e 7561 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 anual.....File: \n-00046880: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00046890: 3a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d : GNU Free Docum\n-000468a0: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 entation License\n-000468b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 , Up: Copying T\n-000468c0: 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a0a 442e 3120 his Manual..D.1 \n-000468d0: 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e GNU Free Documen\n-000468e0: 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 0a3d tation License.=\n-000468f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00046820: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e *********..* Men\n+00046830: 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 u:..* GNU Free D\n+00046840: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n+00046850: 656e 7365 3a3a 2020 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 ense:: License \n+00046860: 666f 7220 636f 7079 696e 6720 7468 6973 for copying this\n+00046870: 206d 616e 7561 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 manual.....File\n+00046880: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00046890: 6465 3a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 de: GNU Free Doc\n+000468a0: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n+000468b0: 7365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 se, Up: Copying\n+000468c0: 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a0a 442e This Manual..D.\n+000468d0: 3120 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 1 GNU Free Docum\n+000468e0: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 entation License\n+000468f0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n 00046900: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00046910: 3d0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 =.. \n-00046920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e Version\n-00046930: 2031 2e32 2c20 4e6f 7665 6d62 6572 2032 1.2, November 2\n-00046940: 3030 320a 0a20 2020 2020 436f 7079 7269 002.. 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Thi\n-00046c40: 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6973 2061 206b s License is a k\n-00046c50: 696e 6420 6f66 2022 636f 7079 6c65 6674 ind of \"copyleft\n-00046c60: 222c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6561 6e73 2074 \", which means t\n-00046c70: 6861 7420 6465 7269 7661 7469 7665 0a20 hat derivative. \n-00046c80: 2020 2020 776f 726b 7320 6f66 2074 6865 works of the\n-00046c90: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d75 7374 2074 document must t\n-00046ca0: 6865 6d73 656c 7665 7320 6265 2066 7265 hemselves be fre\n-00046cb0: 6520 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7365 e in the same se\n-00046cc0: 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2063 6f6d nse.. 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But this\n-00046e30: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 License is not \n-00046e40: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 limited to. \n-00046e50: 736f 6674 7761 7265 206d 616e 7561 6c73 software manuals\n-00046e60: 3b20 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 ; it can be used\n-00046e70: 2066 6f72 2061 6e79 2074 6578 7475 616c for any textual\n-00046e80: 2077 6f72 6b2c 2072 6567 6172 646c 6573 work, regardles\n-00046e90: 730a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7375 626a 6563 s. of subjec\n-00046ea0: 7420 6d61 7474 6572 206f 7220 7768 6574 t matter or whet\n-00046eb0: 6865 7220 6974 2069 7320 7075 626c 6973 her it is publis\n-00046ec0: 6865 6420 6173 2061 2070 7269 6e74 6564 hed as a printed\n-00046ed0: 2062 6f6f 6b2e 2020 5765 0a20 2020 2020 book. We. \n-00046ee0: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6973 204c recommend this L\n-00046ef0: 6963 656e 7365 2070 7269 6e63 6970 616c icense principal\n-00046f00: 6c79 2066 6f72 2077 6f72 6b73 2077 686f ly for works who\n-00046f10: 7365 2070 7572 706f 7365 2069 730a 2020 se purpose is. \n-00046f20: 2020 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 206f instruction o\n-00046f30: 7220 7265 6665 7265 6e63 652e 0a0a 2020 r reference... \n-00046f40: 312e 2041 5050 4c49 4341 4249 4c49 5459 1. APPLICABILITY\n-00046f50: 2041 4e44 2044 4546 494e 4954 494f 4e53 AND DEFINITIONS\n-00046f60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 4c69 6365 .. 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Such a no\n-00047030: 7469 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6772 616e 7473 tice. grants\n-00047040: 2061 2077 6f72 6c64 2d77 6964 652c 2072 a world-wide, r\n-00047050: 6f79 616c 7479 2d66 7265 6520 6c69 6365 oyalty-free lice\n-00047060: 6e73 652c 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 6564 2069 nse, unlimited i\n-00047070: 6e20 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 2c0a 2020 2020 n duration,. \n-00047080: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6174 2077 6f72 to use that wor\n-00047090: 6b20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 636f 6e64 k under the cond\n-000470a0: 6974 696f 6e73 2073 7461 7465 6420 6865 itions stated he\n-000470b0: 7265 696e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 rein. The. \n-000470c0: 2244 6f63 756d 656e 7422 2c20 6265 6c6f \"Document\", belo\n-000470d0: 772c 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f 2061 6e79 w, refers to any\n-000470e0: 2073 7563 6820 6d61 6e75 616c 206f 7220 such manual or \n-000470f0: 776f 726b 2e20 2041 6e79 206d 656d 6265 work. Any membe\n-00047100: 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 7075 r. of the pu\n-00047110: 626c 6963 2069 7320 6120 6c69 6365 6e73 blic is a licens\n-00047120: 6565 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2061 6464 7265 ee, and is addre\n-00047130: 7373 6564 2061 7320 2279 6f75 222e 2020 ssed as \"you\". \n-00047140: 596f 7520 6163 6365 7074 0a20 2020 2020 You accept. \n-00047150: 7468 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6966 2079 the license if y\n-00047160: 6f75 2063 6f70 792c 206d 6f64 6966 7920 ou copy, modify \n-00047170: 6f72 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 7468 or distribute th\n-00047180: 6520 776f 726b 2069 6e20 6120 7761 790a e work in a way.\n-00047190: 2020 2020 2072 6571 7569 7269 6e67 2070 requiring p\n-000471a0: 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 756e 6465 7220 ermission under \n-000471b0: 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 6c61 772e 0a0a copyright law...\n-000471c0: 2020 2020 2041 2022 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 A \"Modified\n-000471d0: 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2220 6f66 2074 6865 Version\" of the\n-000471e0: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d65 616e 7320 Document means \n-000471f0: 616e 7920 776f 726b 2063 6f6e 7461 696e any work contain\n-00047200: 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f63 ing the. 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For. \n-00047f10: 2020 776f 726b 7320 696e 2066 6f72 6d61 works in forma\n-00047f20: 7473 2077 6869 6368 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 ts which do not \n-00047f30: 6861 7665 2061 6e79 2074 6974 6c65 2070 have any title p\n-00047f40: 6167 6520 6173 2073 7563 682c 2022 5469 age as such, \"Ti\n-00047f50: 746c 650a 2020 2020 2050 6167 6522 206d tle. 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A\n-0004b560: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6174 ny other. at\n-0004b570: 7465 6d70 7420 746f 2063 6f70 792c 206d tempt to copy, m\n-0004b580: 6f64 6966 792c 2073 7562 6c69 6365 6e73 odify, sublicens\n-0004b590: 6520 6f72 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 e or distribute \n-0004b5a0: 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2069 730a the Document is.\n-0004b5b0: 2020 2020 2076 6f69 642c 2061 6e64 2077 void, and w\n-0004b5c0: 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c ill automaticall\n-0004b5d0: 7920 7465 726d 696e 6174 6520 796f 7572 y terminate your\n-0004b5e0: 2072 6967 6874 7320 756e 6465 7220 7468 rights under th\n-0004b5f0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 6365 6e73 652e is. License.\n-0004b600: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2070 6172 7469 However, parti\n-0004b610: 6573 2077 686f 2068 6176 6520 7265 6365 es who have rece\n-0004b620: 6976 6564 2063 6f70 6965 732c 206f 7220 ived copies, or \n-0004b630: 7269 6768 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 2066 726f rights,. fro\n-0004b640: 6d20 796f 7520 756e 6465 7220 7468 6973 m you under this\n-0004b650: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f License will no\n-0004b660: 7420 6861 7665 2074 6865 6972 206c 6963 t have their lic\n-0004b670: 656e 7365 7320 7465 726d 696e 6174 6564 enses terminated\n-0004b680: 0a20 2020 2020 736f 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 . so long as\n-0004b690: 2073 7563 6820 7061 7274 6965 7320 7265 such parties re\n-0004b6a0: 6d61 696e 2069 6e20 6675 6c6c 2063 6f6d main in full com\n-0004b6b0: 706c 6961 6e63 652e 0a0a 2020 3130 2e20 pliance... 10. \n-0004b6c0: 4655 5455 5245 2052 4556 4953 494f 4e53 FUTURE REVISIONS\n-0004b6d0: 204f 4620 5448 4953 204c 4943 454e 5345 OF THIS LICENSE\n-0004b6e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2046 7265 6520 .. The Free \n-0004b6f0: 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 Software Foundat\n-0004b700: 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 7075 626c 6973 6820 ion may publish \n-0004b710: 6e65 772c 2072 6576 6973 6564 2076 6572 new, revised ver\n-0004b720: 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 sions of. th\n-0004b730: 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d e GNU Free Docum\n-0004b740: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 entation License\n-0004b750: 2066 726f 6d20 7469 6d65 2074 6f20 7469 from time to ti\n-0004b760: 6d65 2e20 2053 7563 6820 6e65 770a 2020 me. Such new. \n-0004b770: 2020 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 7769 6c6c versions will\n-0004b780: 2062 6520 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 696e 2073 be similar in s\n-0004b790: 7069 7269 7420 746f 2074 6865 2070 7265 pirit to the pre\n-0004b7a0: 7365 6e74 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2c20 6275 sent version, bu\n-0004b7b0: 7420 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2064 6966 6665 t may. diffe\n-0004b7c0: 7220 696e 2064 6574 6169 6c20 746f 2061 r in detail to a\n-0004b7d0: 6464 7265 7373 206e 6577 2070 726f 626c ddress new probl\n-0004b7e0: 656d 7320 6f72 2063 6f6e 6365 726e 732e ems or concerns.\n-0004b7f0: 2020 5365 650a 2020 2020 203c 6874 7470 See. ... \n-0004b820: 2045 6163 6820 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 Each version of\n-0004b830: 2074 6865 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 7320 the License is \n-0004b840: 6769 7665 6e20 6120 6469 7374 696e 6775 given a distingu\n-0004b850: 6973 6869 6e67 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 0a20 ishing version. \n-0004b860: 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2e20 2049 6620 number. If \n-0004b870: 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2073 7065 the Document spe\n-0004b880: 6369 6669 6573 2074 6861 7420 6120 7061 cifies that a pa\n-0004b890: 7274 6963 756c 6172 206e 756d 6265 7265 rticular numbere\n-0004b8a0: 640a 2020 2020 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206f d. version o\n-0004b8b0: 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2022 f this License \"\n-0004b8c0: 6f72 2061 6e79 206c 6174 6572 2076 6572 or any later ver\n-0004b8d0: 7369 6f6e 2220 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f sion\" applies to\n-0004b8e0: 2069 742c 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 6861 it, you. ha\n-0004b8f0: 7665 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f66 ve the option of\n-0004b900: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6865 2074 following the t\n-0004b910: 6572 6d73 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 erms and conditi\n-0004b920: 6f6e 7320 6569 7468 6572 206f 660a 2020 ons either of. \n-0004b930: 2020 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 that specifie\n-0004b940: 6420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f72 206f 6620 d version or of \n-0004b950: 616e 7920 6c61 7465 7220 7665 7273 696f any later versio\n-0004b960: 6e20 7468 6174 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e0a n that has been.\n-0004b970: 2020 2020 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6564 2028 published (\n-0004b980: 6e6f 7420 6173 2061 2064 7261 6674 2920 not as a draft) \n-0004b990: 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 6520 536f 6674 by the Free Soft\n-0004b9a0: 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e2e ware Foundation.\n-0004b9b0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 446f If the. Do\n-0004b9c0: 6375 6d65 6e74 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 cument does not \n-0004b9d0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 7665 7273 696f specify a versio\n-0004b9e0: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7468 6973 n number of this\n-0004b9f0: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 796f 7520 6d61 License, you ma\n-0004ba00: 790a 2020 2020 2063 686f 6f73 6520 616e y. choose an\n-0004ba10: 7920 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6576 6572 2070 y version ever p\n-0004ba20: 7562 6c69 7368 6564 2028 6e6f 7420 6173 ublished (not as\n-0004ba30: 2061 2064 7261 6674 2920 6279 2074 6865 a draft) by the\n-0004ba40: 2046 7265 650a 2020 2020 2053 6f66 7477 Free. Softw\n-0004ba50: 6172 6520 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 2e0a are Foundation..\n-0004ba60: 0a44 2e31 2e31 2041 4444 454e 4455 4d3a .D.1.1 ADDENDUM:\n-0004ba70: 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6973 How to use this\n-0004ba80: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 License for you\n-0004ba90: 7220 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d r documents.----\n+00046910: 3d3d 3d0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ===.. \n+00046920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 Versi\n+00046930: 6f6e 2031 2e32 2c20 4e6f 7665 6d62 6572 on 1.2, November\n+00046940: 2032 3030 320a 0a20 2020 2020 436f 7079 2002.. Copy\n+00046950: 7269 6768 7420 2843 2920 3230 3030 2c32 right (C) 2000,2\n+00046960: 3030 312c 3230 3032 2046 7265 6520 536f 001,2002 Free So\n+00046970: 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f ftware Foundatio\n+00046980: 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 2020 2020 2035 3120 n, Inc.. 51 \n+00046990: 4672 616e 6b6c 696e 2053 742c 2046 6966 Franklin St, Fif\n+000469a0: 7468 2046 6c6f 6f72 2c20 426f 7374 6f6e th Floor, Boston\n+000469b0: 2c20 4d41 2020 3032 3131 302d 3133 3031 , MA 02110-1301\n+000469c0: 2c20 5553 410a 0a20 2020 2020 4576 6572 , USA.. 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It c\n+00046cd0: 6f6d 706c 656d 656e 7473 2074 6865 2047 omplements the G\n+00046ce0: 4e55 2047 656e 6572 616c 2050 7562 6c69 NU General Publi\n+00046cf0: 6320 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 2077 6869 6368 c License, which\n+00046d00: 2069 7320 6120 636f 7079 6c65 6674 0a20 is a copyleft. \n+00046d10: 2020 2020 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6465 7369 license desi\n+00046d20: 676e 6564 2066 6f72 2066 7265 6520 736f gned for free so\n+00046d30: 6674 7761 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5765 ftware... 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We. \n+00046ee0: 2020 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6973 recommend this\n+00046ef0: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2070 7269 6e63 6970 License princip\n+00046f00: 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2077 6f72 6b73 2077 ally for works w\n+00046f10: 686f 7365 2070 7572 706f 7365 2069 730a hose purpose is.\n+00046f20: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e instruction\n+00046f30: 206f 7220 7265 6665 7265 6e63 652e 0a0a or reference...\n+00046f40: 2020 312e 2041 5050 4c49 4341 4249 4c49 1. APPLICABILI\n+00046f50: 5459 2041 4e44 2044 4546 494e 4954 494f TY AND DEFINITIO\n+00046f60: 4e53 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 4c69 NS.. 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Such a \n+00047030: 6e6f 7469 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6772 616e notice. gran\n+00047040: 7473 2061 2077 6f72 6c64 2d77 6964 652c ts a world-wide,\n+00047050: 2072 6f79 616c 7479 2d66 7265 6520 6c69 royalty-free li\n+00047060: 6365 6e73 652c 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 6564 cense, unlimited\n+00047070: 2069 6e20 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 2c0a 2020 in duration,. \n+00047080: 2020 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6174 2077 to use that w\n+00047090: 6f72 6b20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 636f ork under the co\n+000470a0: 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 2073 7461 7465 6420 nditions stated \n+000470b0: 6865 7265 696e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 herein. The. \n+000470c0: 2020 2244 6f63 756d 656e 7422 2c20 6265 \"Document\", be\n+000470d0: 6c6f 772c 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f 2061 low, refers to a\n+000470e0: 6e79 2073 7563 6820 6d61 6e75 616c 206f ny such manual o\n+000470f0: 7220 776f 726b 2e20 2041 6e79 206d 656d r work. Any mem\n+00047100: 6265 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 ber. of the \n+00047110: 7075 626c 6963 2069 7320 6120 6c69 6365 public is a lice\n+00047120: 6e73 6565 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2061 6464 nsee, and is add\n+00047130: 7265 7373 6564 2061 7320 2279 6f75 222e ressed as \"you\".\n+00047140: 2020 596f 7520 6163 6365 7074 0a20 2020 You accept. \n+00047150: 2020 7468 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6966 the license if\n+00047160: 2079 6f75 2063 6f70 792c 206d 6f64 6966 you copy, modif\n+00047170: 7920 6f72 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 y or distribute \n+00047180: 7468 6520 776f 726b 2069 6e20 6120 7761 the work in a wa\n+00047190: 790a 2020 2020 2072 6571 7569 7269 6e67 y. requiring\n+000471a0: 2070 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 756e 6465 permission unde\n+000471b0: 7220 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 6c61 772e r copyright law.\n+000471c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 2022 4d6f 6469 6669 .. A \"Modifi\n+000471d0: 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2220 6f66 2074 ed Version\" of t\n+000471e0: 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d65 616e he Document mean\n+000471f0: 7320 616e 7920 776f 726b 2063 6f6e 7461 s any work conta\n+00047200: 696e 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 ining the. D\n+00047210: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6f72 2061 2070 6f72 ocument or a por\n+00047220: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6974 2c20 6569 7468 tion of it, eith\n+00047230: 6572 2063 6f70 6965 6420 7665 7262 6174 er copied verbat\n+00047240: 696d 2c20 6f72 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 im, or with. \n+00047250: 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 2061 modifications a\n+00047260: 6e64 2f6f 7220 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 nd/or translated\n+00047270: 2069 6e74 6f20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6c61 into another la\n+00047280: 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4120 nguage... A \n+00047290: 2253 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 \"Secondary Secti\n+000472a0: 6f6e 2220 6973 2061 206e 616d 6564 2061 on\" is a named a\n+000472b0: 7070 656e 6469 7820 6f72 2061 2066 726f ppendix or a fro\n+000472c0: 6e74 2d6d 6174 7465 7220 7365 6374 696f nt-matter sectio\n+000472d0: 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f n. of the Do\n+000472e0: 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6465 616c cument that deal\n+000472f0: 7320 6578 636c 7573 6976 656c 7920 7769 s exclusively wi\n+00047300: 7468 2074 6865 2072 656c 6174 696f 6e73 th the relations\n+00047310: 6869 7020 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 hip of the. \n+00047320: 7075 626c 6973 6865 7273 206f 7220 6175 publishers or au\n+00047330: 7468 6f72 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 thors of the Doc\n+00047340: 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2044 6f63 ument to the Doc\n+00047350: 756d 656e 7427 7320 6f76 6572 616c 6c0a ument's overall.\n+00047360: 2020 2020 2073 7562 6a65 6374 2028 6f72 subject (or\n+00047370: 2074 6f20 7265 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 7474 to related matt\n+00047380: 6572 7329 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 7461 696e ers) and contain\n+00047390: 7320 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7468 6174 2063 s nothing that c\n+000473a0: 6f75 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 6661 6c6c 2064 ould. fall d\n+000473b0: 6972 6563 746c 7920 7769 7468 696e 2074 irectly within t\n+000473c0: 6861 7420 6f76 6572 616c 6c20 7375 626a hat overall subj\n+000473d0: 6563 742e 2020 2854 6875 732c 2069 6620 ect. (Thus, if \n+000473e0: 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 the Document. \n+000473f0: 2020 6973 2069 6e20 7061 7274 2061 2074 is in part a t\n+00047400: 6578 7462 6f6f 6b20 6f66 206d 6174 6865 extbook of mathe\n+00047410: 6d61 7469 6373 2c20 6120 5365 636f 6e64 matics, a Second\n+00047420: 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 ary Section may \n+00047430: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2065 7870 6c61 696e not. explain\n+00047440: 2061 6e79 206d 6174 6865 6d61 7469 6373 any mathematics\n+00047450: 2e29 2020 5468 6520 7265 6c61 7469 6f6e .) The relation\n+00047460: 7368 6970 2063 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6120 ship could be a \n+00047470: 6d61 7474 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 2068 matter of. h\n+00047480: 6973 746f 7269 6361 6c20 636f 6e6e 6563 istorical connec\n+00047490: 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7375 tion with the su\n+000474a0: 626a 6563 7420 6f72 2077 6974 6820 7265 bject or with re\n+000474b0: 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 7474 6572 732c 206f lated matters, o\n+000474c0: 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 6c65 6761 6c2c r. of legal,\n+000474d0: 2063 6f6d 6d65 7263 6961 6c2c 2070 6869 commercial, phi\n+000474e0: 6c6f 736f 7068 6963 616c 2c20 6574 6869 losophical, ethi\n+000474f0: 6361 6c20 6f72 2070 6f6c 6974 6963 616c cal or political\n+00047500: 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 position. r\n+00047510: 6567 6172 6469 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a egarding them...\n+00047520: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2022 496e 7661 7269 The \"Invari\n+00047530: 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2220 6172 ant Sections\" ar\n+00047540: 6520 6365 7274 6169 6e20 5365 636f 6e64 e certain Second\n+00047550: 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2077 686f ary Sections who\n+00047560: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7469 746c 6573 2061 se. titles a\n+00047570: 7265 2064 6573 6967 6e61 7465 642c 2061 re designated, a\n+00047580: 7320 6265 696e 6720 7468 6f73 6520 6f66 s being those of\n+00047590: 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 Invariant Secti\n+000475a0: 6f6e 732c 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ons, in the. \n+000475b0: 206e 6f74 6963 6520 7468 6174 2073 6179 notice that say\n+000475c0: 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d s that the Docum\n+000475d0: 656e 7420 6973 2072 656c 6561 7365 6420 ent is released \n+000475e0: 756e 6465 7220 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e under this Licen\n+000475f0: 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6120 7365 se.. 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For. \n+00047f10: 2020 2020 776f 726b 7320 696e 2066 6f72 works in for\n+00047f20: 6d61 7473 2077 6869 6368 2064 6f20 6e6f mats which do no\n+00047f30: 7420 6861 7665 2061 6e79 2074 6974 6c65 t have any title\n+00047f40: 2070 6167 6520 6173 2073 7563 682c 2022 page as such, \"\n+00047f50: 5469 746c 650a 2020 2020 2050 6167 6522 Title. Page\"\n+00047f60: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 means the text \n+00047f70: 6e65 6172 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7072 near the most pr\n+00047f80: 6f6d 696e 656e 7420 6170 7065 6172 616e ominent appearan\n+00047f90: 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2077 ce of the. w\n+00047fa0: 6f72 6b27 7320 7469 746c 652c 2070 7265 ork's title, pre\n+00047fb0: 6365 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6567 696e ceding the begin\n+00047fc0: 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f 6479 ning of the body\n+00047fd0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 2e0a 0a20 of the text... \n+00047fe0: 2020 2020 4120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 2245 A section \"E\n+00047ff0: 6e74 6974 6c65 6420 5859 5a22 206d 6561 ntitled XYZ\" mea\n+00048000: 6e73 2061 206e 616d 6564 2073 7562 756e ns a named subun\n+00048010: 6974 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 it of the Docume\n+00048020: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6f73 6520 7469 nt. whose ti\n+00048030: 746c 6520 6569 7468 6572 2069 7320 7072 tle either is pr\n+00048040: 6563 6973 656c 7920 5859 5a20 6f72 2063 ecisely XYZ or c\n+00048050: 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 5859 5a20 696e 2070 ontains XYZ in p\n+00048060: 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 0a20 2020 2020 arentheses. \n+00048070: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7465 7874 2074 following text t\n+00048080: 6861 7420 7472 616e 736c 6174 6573 2058 hat translates X\n+00048090: 595a 2069 6e20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6c61 YZ in another la\n+000480a0: 6e67 7561 6765 2e20 2028 4865 7265 2058 nguage. (Here X\n+000480b0: 595a 0a20 2020 2020 7374 616e 6473 2066 YZ. stands f\n+000480c0: 6f72 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 7365 or a specific se\n+000480d0: 6374 696f 6e20 6e61 6d65 206d 656e 7469 ction name menti\n+000480e0: 6f6e 6564 2062 656c 6f77 2c20 7375 6368 oned below, such\n+000480f0: 2061 730a 2020 2020 2022 4163 6b6e 6f77 as. \"Acknow\n+00048100: 6c65 6467 656d 656e 7473 222c 2022 4465 ledgements\", \"De\n+00048110: 6469 6361 7469 6f6e 7322 2c20 2245 6e64 dications\", \"End\n+00048120: 6f72 7365 6d65 6e74 7322 2c20 6f72 2022 orsements\", or \"\n+00048130: 4869 7374 6f72 7922 2e29 0a20 2020 2020 History\".). \n+00048140: 546f 2022 5072 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 To \"Preserve the\n+00048150: 2054 6974 6c65 2220 6f66 2073 7563 6820 Title\" of such \n+00048160: 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 7768 656e 2079 a section when y\n+00048170: 6f75 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 650a 2020 ou modify the. \n+00048180: 2020 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d65 616e Document mean\n+00048190: 7320 7468 6174 2069 7420 7265 6d61 696e s that it remain\n+000481a0: 7320 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 2245 6e74 s a section \"Ent\n+000481b0: 6974 6c65 6420 5859 5a22 2061 6363 6f72 itled XYZ\" accor\n+000481c0: 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6869 ding. to thi\n+000481d0: 7320 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 s definition... \n+000481e0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 The Document\n+000481f0: 206d 6179 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2057 6172 may include War\n+00048200: 7261 6e74 7920 4469 7363 6c61 696d 6572 ranty Disclaimer\n+00048210: 7320 6e65 7874 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e6f s next to the no\n+00048220: 7469 6365 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6963 6820 tice. which \n+00048230: 7374 6174 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 states that this\n+00048240: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2061 7070 6c69 6573 License applies\n+00048250: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 to the Document\n+00048260: 2e20 2054 6865 7365 0a20 2020 2020 5761 . 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J. 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If the\n+00049e20: 204d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f Modified Versio\n+00049e30: 6e20 696e 636c 7564 6573 206e 6577 2066 n includes new f\n+00049e40: 726f 6e74 2d6d 6174 7465 7220 7365 6374 ront-matter sect\n+00049e50: 696f 6e73 206f 720a 2020 2020 2061 7070 ions or. app\n+00049e60: 656e 6469 6365 7320 7468 6174 2071 7561 endices that qua\n+00049e70: 6c69 6679 2061 7320 5365 636f 6e64 6172 lify as Secondar\n+00049e80: 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2063 y Sections and c\n+00049e90: 6f6e 7461 696e 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 206d ontain no. m\n+00049ea0: 6174 6572 6961 6c20 636f 7069 6564 2066 aterial copied f\n+00049eb0: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 rom the Document\n+00049ec0: 2c20 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6174 2079 6f75 , you may at you\n+00049ed0: 7220 6f70 7469 6f6e 2064 6573 6967 6e61 r option designa\n+00049ee0: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 736f 6d65 206f 7220 te. some or \n+00049ef0: 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2073 6563 all of these sec\n+00049f00: 7469 6f6e 7320 6173 2069 6e76 6172 6961 tions as invaria\n+00049f10: 6e74 2e20 2054 6f20 646f 2074 6869 732c nt. 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When the Doc\n+0004ae20: 756d 656e 7420 6973 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 ument is include\n+0004ae30: 6420 696e 2061 6e20 6167 6772 6567 6174 d in an aggregat\n+0004ae40: 652c 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 204c 6963 e, this. Lic\n+0004ae50: 656e 7365 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6170 ense does not ap\n+0004ae60: 706c 7920 746f 2074 6865 206f 7468 6572 ply to the other\n+0004ae70: 2077 6f72 6b73 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6167 works in the ag\n+0004ae80: 6772 6567 6174 6520 7768 6963 680a 2020 gregate which. \n+0004ae90: 2020 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2074 6865 6d73 are not thems\n+0004aea0: 656c 7665 7320 6465 7269 7661 7469 7665 elves derivative\n+0004aeb0: 2077 6f72 6b73 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f works of the Do\n+0004aec0: 6375 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 cument... If\n+0004aed0: 2074 6865 2043 6f76 6572 2054 6578 7420 the Cover Text \n+0004aee0: 7265 7175 6972 656d 656e 7420 6f66 2073 requirement of s\n+0004aef0: 6563 7469 6f6e 2033 2069 7320 6170 706c ection 3 is appl\n+0004af00: 6963 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 6573 650a icable to these.\n+0004af10: 2020 2020 2063 6f70 6965 7320 6f66 2074 copies of t\n+0004af20: 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 742c 2074 6865 he Document, the\n+0004af30: 6e20 6966 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e n if the Documen\n+0004af40: 7420 6973 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f t is less than o\n+0004af50: 6e65 2068 616c 660a 2020 2020 206f 6620 ne half. of \n+0004af60: 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 2061 6767 7265 the entire aggre\n+0004af70: 6761 7465 2c20 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 gate, the Docume\n+0004af80: 6e74 2773 2043 6f76 6572 2054 6578 7473 nt's Cover Texts\n+0004af90: 206d 6179 2062 6520 706c 6163 6564 0a20 may be placed. \n+0004afa0: 2020 2020 6f6e 2063 6f76 6572 7320 7468 on covers th\n+0004afb0: 6174 2062 7261 636b 6574 2074 6865 2044 at bracket the D\n+0004afc0: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 7769 7468 696e 2074 ocument within t\n+0004afd0: 6865 2061 6767 7265 6761 7465 2c20 6f72 he aggregate, or\n+0004afe0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656c 6563 7472 the. electr\n+0004aff0: 6f6e 6963 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 onic equivalent \n+0004b000: 6f66 2063 6f76 6572 7320 6966 2074 6865 of covers if the\n+0004b010: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6973 2069 6e20 Document is in \n+0004b020: 656c 6563 7472 6f6e 6963 0a20 2020 2020 electronic. \n+0004b030: 666f 726d 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 form. 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Gen\n-000002d0: 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 erate GRUB confi\n-000002e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d guration.* grub-\n-000002f0: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a mkpasswd-pbkdf2:\n-00000300: 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (grub)Invoking \n-00000310: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n-00000320: 6b64 6632 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 kdf2..* grub-mkr\n-00000330: 656c 7061 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e elpath: (grub)In\n-00000340: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00000350: 6c70 6174 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b lpath..* grub-mk\n-00000360: 7265 7363 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e rescue: (grub)In\n-00000370: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00000380: 7363 7565 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 scue. Make a GR\n-00000390: 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a UB rescue image.\n-000003a0: 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2867 * grub-mount: (g\n-000003b0: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n-000003c0: 622d 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 b-mount. \n-000003d0: 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 Mount a file sys\n-000003e0: 7465 6d20 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a tem using GRUB.*\n-000003f0: 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a 2028 6772 grub-probe: (gr\n-00000400: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000410: 2d70 726f 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2050 -probe. P\n-00000420: 726f 6265 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f robe device info\n-00000430: 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d73 rmation.* grub-s\n-00000440: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 6772 cript-check: (gr\n-00000450: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000460: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e 0a45 -script-check..E\n-00000470: 4e44 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 ND-INFO-DIR-ENTR\n-00000480: 590a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e Y....File: grub.\n-00000490: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e64 info, Node: Ind\n-000004a0: 6578 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f70 7969 ex, Prev: Copyi\n-000004b0: 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 2c20 ng This Manual, \n-000004c0: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 496e 6465 780a Up: Top..Index.\n-000004d0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a00 085b 696e 6465 7800 *****....[index.\n-000004e0: 085d 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 5b3a .].* Menu:..* [:\n-000004f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000070: 3920 4665 6272 7561 7279 2032 3032 3529 9 February 2025)\n+00000080: 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 ... 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Vers\n+00000180: 696f 6e20 312e 3220 6f72 2061 6e79 206c ion 1.2 or any l\n+00000190: 6174 6572 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2070 7562 ater version pub\n+000001a0: 6c69 7368 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4672 lished by the Fr\n+000001b0: 6565 2053 6f66 7477 6172 650a 2020 2020 ee Software. \n+000001c0: 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e3b 2077 6974 Foundation; wit\n+000001d0: 6820 6e6f 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 h no Invariant S\n+000001e0: 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 0a49 4e46 4f2d 4449 ections..INFO-DI\n+000001f0: 522d 5345 4354 494f 4e20 4b65 726e 656c R-SECTION Kernel\n+00000200: 0a53 5441 5254 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d .START-INFO-DIR-\n+00000210: 454e 5452 590a 2a20 4752 5542 3a20 2867 ENTRY.* GRUB: (g\n+00000220: 7275 6229 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rub). \n+00000230: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 4752 616e 6420 The GRand \n+00000240: 556e 6966 6965 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f 6164 Unified Bootload\n+00000250: 6572 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c er.* grub-instal\n+00000260: 6c3a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e l: (grub)Invokin\n+00000270: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2e20 g grub-install. \n+00000280: 2020 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 Install GRUB \n+00000290: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a 2a20 on your drive.* \n+000002a0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 2028 grub-mkconfig: (\n+000002b0: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n+000002c0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 672e 2020 4765 ub-mkconfig. Ge\n+000002d0: 6e65 7261 7465 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 nerate GRUB conf\n+000002e0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 iguration.* grub\n+000002f0: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n+00000300: 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 : (grub)Invoking\n+00000310: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 grub-mkpasswd-p\n+00000320: 626b 6466 322e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b bkdf2..* grub-mk\n+00000330: 7265 6c70 6174 683a 2028 6772 7562 2949 relpath: (grub)I\n+00000340: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+00000350: 656c 7061 7468 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d elpath..* grub-m\n+00000360: 6b72 6573 6375 653a 2028 6772 7562 2949 krescue: (grub)I\n+00000370: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+00000380: 6573 6375 652e 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2047 escue. Make a G\n+00000390: 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 RUB rescue image\n+000003a0: 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a 2028 .* grub-mount: (\n+000003b0: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n+000003c0: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 ub-mount. \n+000003d0: 204d 6f75 6e74 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 Mount a file sy\n+000003e0: 7374 656d 2075 7369 6e67 2047 5255 420a stem using GRUB.\n+000003f0: 2a20 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a20 2867 * grub-probe: (g\n+00000400: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n+00000410: 622d 7072 6f62 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 b-probe. \n+00000420: 5072 6f62 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 Probe device inf\n+00000430: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d ormation.* grub-\n+00000440: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 3a20 2867 script-check: (g\n+00000450: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n+00000460: 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2e0a b-script-check..\n+00000470: 454e 442d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 END-INFO-DIR-ENT\n+00000480: 5259 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 RY....File: grub\n+00000490: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .info, Node: In\n+000004a0: 6465 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 7079 dex, Prev: Copy\n+000004b0: 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c2c ing This Manual,\n+000004c0: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a49 6e64 6578 Up: Top..Index\n+000004d0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 0008 5b69 6e64 6578 .*****....[index\n+000004e0: 0008 5d0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 205b ..].* Menu:..* [\n+000004f0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 00000500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000510: 2020 2020 205b 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 [. \n-00000520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-00000530: 6520 3629 0a2a 2061 6370 693a 2020 2020 e 6).* acpi: \n+00000510: 2020 2020 2020 5b2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 [. \n+00000520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+00000530: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6163 7069 3a20 2020 ne 6).* acpi: \n 00000540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6163 ac\n-00000560: 7069 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 pi. \n-00000570: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-00000580: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 3a20 2020 authenticate: \n+00000550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 a\n+00000560: 6370 692e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cpi. \n+00000570: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+00000580: 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 653a 2020 authenticate: \n 00000590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000005a0: 2020 2020 2020 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 authentic\n-000005b0: 6174 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c ate. 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(l\n-00001370: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206d 6f64 756c 653a ine 6).* module:\n-00001380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00001350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 menuentr\n+00001360: 792e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 y. (\n+00001370: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 line 6).* module\n+00001380: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 00001390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000013a0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 module. \n-000013b0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-000013c0: 2a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 743a 2020 2020 * multiboot: \n+000013a0: 206d 6f64 756c 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 module. \n+000013b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+000013c0: 0a2a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3a20 2020 .* multiboot: \n 000013d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000013e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 756c 7469 626f multibo\n-000013f0: 6f74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot. \n-00001400: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6174 6976 (line 6).* nativ\n-00001410: 6564 6973 6b3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 edisk: \n+000013e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 multib\n+000013f0: 6f6f 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot. \n+00001400: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e61 7469 (line 6).* nati\n+00001410: 7665 6469 736b 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 vedisk: \n 00001420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001430: 2020 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2e20 2020 nativedisk. \n-00001440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-00001450: 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 ).* net_add_addr\n-00001460: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-00001470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f61 net_a\n-00001480: 6464 5f61 6464 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 dd_addr. \n-00001490: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 (line 6).* net\n-000014a0: 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 2020 2020 _add_dns: \n+00001430: 2020 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2e 2020 nativedisk. \n+00001440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+00001450: 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 6).* net_add_add\n+00001460: 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r: \n+00001470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f net_\n+00001480: 6164 645f 6164 6472 2e20 2020 2020 2020 add_addr. \n+00001490: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 (line 6).* ne\n+000014a0: 745f 6164 645f 646e 733a 2020 2020 2020 t_add_dns: \n 000014b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000014c0: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732e net_add_dns.\n-000014d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-000014e0: 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 6).* net_add_ro\n-000014f0: 7574 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ute: \n-00001500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 net\n-00001510: 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2e20 2020 2020 _add_route. \n-00001520: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e (line 6).* n\n-00001530: 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 3a20 2020 2020 2020 et_bootp: \n+000014c0: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 net_add_dns\n+000014d0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e . (lin\n+000014e0: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 e 6).* net_add_r\n+000014f0: 6f75 7465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oute: \n+00001500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n+00001510: 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 652e 2020 2020 t_add_route. \n+00001520: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+00001530: 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 703a 2020 2020 2020 net_bootp: \n 00001540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001550: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702e net_bootp.\n-00001560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-00001570: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f ne 6).* net_del_\n-00001580: 6164 6472 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 addr: \n-00001590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-000015a0: 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722e 2020 2020 et_del_addr. \n-000015b0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-000015c0: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 net_del_dns: \n+00001550: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 net_bootp\n+00001560: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c . (l\n+00001570: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c ine 6).* net_del\n+00001580: 5f61 6464 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _addr: \n+00001590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000015a0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2e20 2020 net_del_addr. \n+000015b0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+000015c0: 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 733a 2020 * net_del_dns: \n 000015d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000015e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f net_del_\n-000015f0: 646e 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 dns. (\n-00001600: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 line 6).* net_de\n-00001610: 6c5f 726f 7574 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 l_route: \n+000015e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f64 656c net_del\n+000015f0: 5f64 6e73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _dns. \n+00001600: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 (line 6).* net_d\n+00001610: 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 el_route: \n 00001620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001630: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2e20 net_del_route. \n-00001640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-00001650: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a 2020 2020 .* net_dhcp: \n+00001630: 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652e net_del_route.\n+00001640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+00001650: 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a20 2020 ).* net_dhcp: \n 00001660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6468 net_dh\n-00001680: 6370 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cp. \n-00001690: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f (line 6).* net_\n-000016a0: 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e3a get_dhcp_option:\n-000016b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000016c0: 2020 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f net_get_dhcp_\n-000016d0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2020 286c 696e 6520 option. (line \n-000016e0: 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 6).* net_ipv6_au\n-000016f0: 746f 636f 6e66 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 toconf: \n-00001700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f net_\n-00001710: 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662e 2020 ipv6_autoconf. \n-00001720: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 (line 6).* ne\n-00001730: 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 723a 2020 2020 2020 t_ls_addr: \n+00001670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f64 net_d\n+00001680: 6863 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hcp. \n+00001690: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 (line 6).* net\n+000016a0: 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e _get_dhcp_option\n+000016b0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+000016c0: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 net_get_dhcp\n+000016d0: 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 _option. (line\n+000016e0: 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 6).* net_ipv6_a\n+000016f0: 7574 6f63 6f6e 663a 2020 2020 2020 2020 utoconf: \n+00001700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 net\n+00001710: 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2e20 _ipv6_autoconf. \n+00001720: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e (line 6).* n\n+00001730: 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 3a20 2020 2020 et_ls_addr: \n 00001740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001750: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 net_ls_addr\n-00001760: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e . (lin\n-00001770: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 e 6).* net_ls_ca\n-00001780: 7264 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rds: \n-00001790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n-000017a0: 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2e20 2020 2020 t_ls_cards. \n-000017b0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-000017c0: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 2020 net_ls_dns: \n+00001750: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 net_ls_add\n+00001760: 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 r. (li\n+00001770: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 ne 6).* net_ls_c\n+00001780: 6172 6473 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ards: \n+00001790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+000017a0: 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732e 2020 2020 et_ls_cards. \n+000017b0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+000017c0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 733a 2020 2020 net_ls_dns: \n 000017d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000017e0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e net_ls_dn\n-000017f0: 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c s. (l\n-00001800: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f ine 6).* net_ls_\n-00001810: 726f 7574 6573 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 routes: \n+000017e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 net_ls_d\n+000017f0: 6e73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 ns. (\n+00001800: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 line 6).* net_ls\n+00001810: 5f72 6f75 7465 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _routes: \n 00001820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001830: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732e 2020 net_ls_routes. \n-00001840: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-00001850: 2a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 3a20 * net_nslookup: \n+00001830: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 2e20 net_ls_routes. \n+00001840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+00001850: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 703a .* net_nslookup:\n 00001860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6e 736c net_nsl\n-00001880: 6f6f 6b75 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ookup. \n-00001890: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 (line 6).* norma\n-000018a0: 6c3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l: \n+00001870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6e73 net_ns\n+00001880: 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lookup. \n+00001890: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e6f 726d (line 6).* norm\n+000018a0: 616c 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 al: \n 000018b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000018c0: 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 normal. \n-000018d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-000018e0: 290a 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 743a ).* normal_exit:\n-000018f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 norma\n-00001910: 6c5f 6578 6974 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 l_exit. \n-00001920: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6172 (line 6).* par\n-00001930: 7474 6f6f 6c3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ttool: \n+000018c0: 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 normal. \n+000018d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+000018e0: 3629 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 6).* normal_exit\n+000018f0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00001900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 726d norm\n+00001910: 616c 5f65 7869 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 al_exit. \n+00001920: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7061 (line 6).* pa\n+00001930: 7274 746f 6f6c 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rttool: \n 00001940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001950: 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2e20 2020 parttool. \n-00001960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-00001970: 2036 290a 2a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a20 6).* password: \n+00001950: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2e 2020 parttool. \n+00001960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+00001970: 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a e 6).* password:\n 00001980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6173 pas\n-000019a0: 7377 6f72 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sword. \n-000019b0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 (line 6).* p\n-000019c0: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 3a20 assword_pbkdf2: \n+00001990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 pa\n+000019a0: 7373 776f 7264 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ssword. \n+000019b0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+000019c0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 323a password_pbkdf2:\n 000019d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000019e0: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 password_p\n-000019f0: 626b 6466 322e 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 bkdf2. (li\n-00001a00: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 706c 6179 3a20 2020 ne 6).* play: \n+000019e0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f password_\n+000019f0: 7062 6b64 6632 2e20 2020 2020 2020 286c pbkdf2. (l\n+00001a00: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6c61 793a 2020 ine 6).* play: \n 00001a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n-00001a30: 6c61 792e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lay. \n-00001a40: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-00001a50: 2070 726f 6265 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 probe: \n+00001a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00001a30: 706c 6179 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 play. \n+00001a40: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+00001a50: 2a20 7072 6f62 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * probe: \n 00001a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f62 652e 2020 probe. \n-00001a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-00001a90: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7264 6d73 723a line 6).* rdmsr:\n-00001aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00001a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f 6265 2e20 probe. \n+00001a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 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2020 2020 oot: \n 00001b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001b50: 2020 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 2020 2020 2020 reboot. \n-00001b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-00001b70: 3629 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 703a 2020 2020 6).* regexp: \n+00001b50: 2020 2020 7265 626f 6f74 2e20 2020 2020 reboot. \n+00001b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+00001b70: 2036 290a 2a20 7265 6765 7870 3a20 2020 6).* regexp: \n 00001b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 6765 rege\n-00001ba0: 7870 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xp. \n-00001bb0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 726d (line 6).* rm\n-00001bc0: 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mod: \n+00001b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6567 reg\n+00001ba0: 6578 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 exp. \n+00001bb0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 (line 6).* r\n+00001bc0: 6d6d 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mmod: \n 00001bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001be0: 2020 2020 2072 6d6d 6f64 2e20 2020 2020 rmmod. \n-00001bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-00001c00: 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a e 6).* save_env:\n-00001c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7361 sa\n-00001c30: 7665 5f65 6e76 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ve_env. \n-00001c40: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-00001c50: 7365 6172 6368 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 search: \n+00001be0: 2020 2020 2020 726d 6d6f 642e 2020 2020 rmmod. \n+00001bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+00001c00: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 ne 6).* save_env\n+00001c10: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00001c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+00001c30: 6176 655f 656e 762e 2020 2020 2020 2020 ave_env. \n+00001c40: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+00001c50: 2073 6561 7263 683a 2020 2020 2020 2020 search: \n 00001c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001c70: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e 2020 search. \n-00001c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-00001c90: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 656e 646b 6579 ine 6).* sendkey\n-00001ca0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00001c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 2e20 search. \n+00001c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+00001c90: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7365 6e64 6b65 line 6).* sendke\n+00001ca0: 793a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y: \n 00001cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001cc0: 7365 6e64 6b65 792e 2020 2020 2020 2020 sendkey. \n-00001cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-00001ce0: 2a20 7365 7269 616c 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * serial: \n+00001cc0: 2073 656e 646b 6579 2e20 2020 2020 2020 sendkey. \n+00001cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+00001ce0: 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 2020 2020 2020 .* serial: \n 00001cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c2e serial.\n-00001d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001d20: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6574 3a20 (line 6).* set: \n+00001d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c serial\n+00001d10: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00001d20: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7365 743a (line 6).* set:\n 00001d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00001d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001d50: 2020 7365 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set. \n-00001d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-00001d70: 290a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 ).* sha1sum: \n+00001d50: 2020 2073 6574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 set. \n+00001d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+00001d70: 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 3173 756d 3a20 2020 6).* sha1sum: \n 00001d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6861 3173 sha1s\n-00001da0: 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um. \n-00001db0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 (line 6).* sha\n-00001dc0: 3235 3673 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 256sum: \n+00001d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7368 6131 sha1\n+00001da0: 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sum. \n+00001db0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7368 (line 6).* sh\n+00001dc0: 6132 3536 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 a256sum: \n 00001dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001de0: 2020 2020 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2e 2020 sha256sum. \n-00001df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-00001e00: 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d3a 6).* sha512sum:\n-00001e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6861 sha\n-00001e30: 3531 3273 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 512sum. \n-00001e40: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 (line 6).* s\n-00001e50: 6c65 6570 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 leep: \n+00001de0: 2020 2020 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2e20 sha256sum. \n+00001df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+00001e00: 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d e 6).* sha512sum\n+00001e10: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00001e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7368 sh\n+00001e30: 6135 3132 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 a512sum. \n+00001e40: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+00001e50: 736c 6565 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sleep: \n 00001e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001e70: 2020 2020 2020 736c 6565 702e 2020 2020 sleep. \n-00001e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-00001e90: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 736d 6269 6f73 3a20 ne 6).* smbios: \n+00001e70: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6c65 6570 2e20 2020 sleep. \n+00001e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+00001e90: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6d62 696f 733a ine 6).* smbios:\n 00001ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-00001ec0: 6d62 696f 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mbios. \n-00001ed0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-00001ee0: 2073 6f75 7263 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 source: \n+00001eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00001ec0: 736d 6269 6f73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 smbios. \n+00001ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+00001ee0: 2a20 736f 7572 6365 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * source: \n 00001ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 736f 7572 6365 2e20 source. \n-00001f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-00001f20: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7375 626d 656e line 6).* submen\n-00001f30: 753a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 u: \n+00001f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6f75 7263 652e source.\n+00001f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00001f20: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 7562 6d65 (line 6).* subme\n+00001f30: 6e75 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nu: \n 00001f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001f50: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2020 2020 2020 submenu. \n-00001f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-00001f70: 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 .* terminal_inpu\n-00001f80: 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t: \n-00001f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e termin\n-00001fa0: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 al_input. \n-00001fb0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 726d (line 6).* term\n-00001fc0: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 2020 2020 inal_output: \n+00001f50: 2020 7375 626d 656e 752e 2020 2020 2020 submenu. \n+00001f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+00001f70: 290a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 ).* terminal_inp\n+00001f80: 7574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ut: \n+00001f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 termi\n+00001fa0: 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742e 2020 2020 2020 nal_input. \n+00001fb0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 (line 6).* ter\n+00001fc0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a20 2020 minal_output: \n 00001fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 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(line\n+00002000: 2036 290a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 3a20 6).* terminfo: \n 00002010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00002020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d term\n-00002030: 696e 666f 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 info. \n-00002040: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 (line 6).* te\n-00002050: 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 st: \n+00002020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 ter\n+00002030: 6d69 6e66 6f2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 minfo. \n+00002040: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 (line 6).* t\n+00002050: 6573 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 est: \n 00002060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00002070: 2020 2020 2074 6573 742e 2020 2020 2020 test. \n-00002080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-00002090: 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 7275 653a 2020 2020 e 6).* true: \n+00002070: 2020 2020 2020 7465 7374 2e20 2020 2020 test. \n+00002080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+00002090: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7472 7565 3a20 2020 ne 6).* true: \n 000020a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000020b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 tr\n-000020c0: 7565 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ue. \n-000020d0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-000020e0: 7472 7573 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 trust: \n+000020b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+000020c0: 7275 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rue. \n+000020d0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+000020e0: 2074 7275 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 trust: \n 000020f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00002100: 2020 2020 2020 2074 7275 7374 2e20 2020 trust. \n-00002110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-00002120: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2075 6e73 6574 3a20 ine 6).* unset: \n+00002100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 7573 742e 2020 trust. \n+00002110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+00002120: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 756e 7365 743a line 6).* unset:\n 00002130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00002140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00002150: 756e 7365 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 unset. \n-00002160: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-00002170: 2a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 * verify_detache\n-00002180: 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d: \n-00002190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2076 6572 6966 795f verify_\n-000021a0: 6465 7461 6368 6564 2e20 2020 2020 2020 detached. \n-000021b0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2076 6964 656f (line 6).* video\n-000021c0: 696e 666f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 info: \n+00002150: 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 unset. \n+00002160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+00002170: 0a2a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 .* verify_detach\n+00002180: 6564 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed: \n+00002190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 7269 6679 verify\n+000021a0: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642e 2020 2020 2020 _detached. \n+000021b0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7669 6465 (line 6).* vide\n+000021c0: 6f69 6e66 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oinfo: \n 000021d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000021e0: 2020 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2e 2020 2020 videoinfo. \n-000021f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-00002200: 290a 2a20 7772 6d73 723a 2020 2020 2020 ).* wrmsr: \n+000021e0: 2020 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2e20 2020 videoinfo. \n+000021f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+00002200: 3629 0a2a 2077 726d 7372 3a20 2020 2020 6).* wrmsr: \n 00002210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00002220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 726d 7372 wrmsr\n-00002230: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00002240: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2078 656e (line 6).* xen\n-00002250: 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 723a 2020 2020 _hypervisor: \n+00002220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7772 6d73 wrms\n+00002230: 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n+00002240: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7865 (line 6).* xe\n+00002250: 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 3a20 2020 n_hypervisor: \n 00002260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00002270: 2020 2020 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 xen_hypervis\n-00002280: 6f72 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 or. 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(lin\n+00002290: 6520 3629 0a2a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c e 6).* xen_modul\n+000022a0: 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e: \n+000022b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7865 xe\n+000022c0: 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2020 2020 2020 n_module. \n+000022d0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 0a (line 6)..\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info", "source2": "grub.info", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,510 +1,510 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 362e 3820 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7465 6.8 from grub.te\n 00000040: 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c xi...This manual\n 00000050: 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 5542 is for GNU GRUB\n 00000060: 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3036 2c20 (version 2.06, \n-00000070: 3720 4a61 6e75 6172 7920 3230 3234 292e 7 January 2024).\n-00000080: 0a0a 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 6874 2028 .. Copyright (\n-00000090: 4329 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 C).1999,2000,200\n-000000a0: 312c 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 1,2002,2004,2006\n-000000b0: 2c32 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c ,2008,2009,2010,\n-000000c0: 3230 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 2011,2012,2013 F\n-000000d0: 7265 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 ree.Software Fou\n-000000e0: 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 ndation, Inc... \n-000000f0: 2020 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 Permission i\n-00000100: 7320 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 s granted to cop\n-00000110: 792c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e y, distribute an\n-00000120: 642f 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 d/or modify this\n-00000130: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 . document u\n-00000140: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f nder the terms o\n-00000150: 6620 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 f the GNU Free D\n-00000160: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n-00000170: 656e 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 ense,. Versi\n-00000180: 6f6e 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 on 1.2 or any la\n-00000190: 7465 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c ter version publ\n-000001a0: 6973 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 ished by the Fre\n-000001b0: 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 e Software. \n-000001c0: 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 Foundation; with\n-000001d0: 206e 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 no Invariant Se\n-000001e0: 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 ctions..INFO-DIR\n-000001f0: 2d53 4543 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a -SECTION Kernel.\n-00000200: 5354 4152 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 START-INFO-DIR-E\n-00000210: 4e54 5259 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 NTRY.* GRUB: (gr\n-00000220: 7562 292e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ub). \n-00000230: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 The GRand U\n-00000240: 6e69 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 nified Bootloade\n-00000250: 720a 2a20 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c r.* grub-install\n-00000260: 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 : (grub)Invoking\n-00000270: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 grub-install. \n-00000280: 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f Install GRUB o\n-00000290: 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 n your drive.* g\n-000002a0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 rub-mkconfig: (g\n-000002b0: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n-000002c0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e b-mkconfig. 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7f31 3530 3138 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 th.150189.Node: \n-000010c0: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 net_default_inte\n-000010d0: 7266 6163 657f 3135 3034 3238 0a4e 6f64 rface.150428.Nod\n-000010e0: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 e: net_default_i\n-000010f0: 707f 3135 3036 3438 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e p.150648.Node: n\n-00001100: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 7f31 et_default_mac.1\n-00001110: 3530 3834 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 50845.Node: net_\n-00001120: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 7f31 default_server.1\n-00001130: 3531 3034 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 6765 51041.Node: page\n-00001140: 727f 3135 3132 3334 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 r.151234.Node: p\n-00001150: 7265 6669 787f 3135 3134 3930 0a4e 6f64 refix.151490.Nod\n-00001160: 653a 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 7f31 e: pxe_blksize.1\n-00001170: 3531 3933 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f 51939.Node: pxe_\n-00001180: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 797f default_gateway.\n-00001190: 3135 3231 3136 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 152116.Node: pxe\n-000011a0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 727f _default_server.\n-000011b0: 3135 3233 3231 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6f6f 152321.Node: roo\n-000011c0: 747f 3135 3235 3137 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 t.152517.Node: s\n-000011d0: 7570 6572 7573 6572 737f 3135 3330 3538 uperusers.153058\n-000011e0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 6865 6d65 7f31 3533 .Node: theme.153\n-000011f0: 3330 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 306.Node: timeou\n-00001200: 747f 3135 3336 3237 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 t.153627.Node: t\n-00001210: 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 7f31 3534 imeout_style.154\n-00001220: 3236 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 456e 7669 726f 264.Node: Enviro\n-00001230: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b7f 3135 3436 nment block.1546\n-00001240: 3439 0a4e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 49.Node: Command\n-00001250: 737f 3135 3630 3831 0a4e 6f64 653a 204d s.156081.Node: M\n-00001260: 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d enu-specific com\n-00001270: 6d61 6e64 737f 3135 3639 3531 0a4e 6f64 mands.156951.Nod\n-00001280: 653a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 7f31 3537 e: menuentry.157\n-00001290: 3637 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 626d 656e 679.Node: submen\n-000012a0: 757f 3135 3932 3230 0a4e 6f64 653a 2047 u.159220.Node: G\n-000012b0: 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f eneral commands.\n-000012c0: 3135 3937 3439 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6572 159749.Node: ser\n-000012d0: 6961 6c7f 3136 3032 3435 0a4e 6f64 653a ial.160245.Node:\n-000012e0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 747f terminal_input.\n-000012f0: 3136 3132 3834 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 161284.Node: ter\n-00001300: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 7f31 3631 minal_output.161\n-00001310: 3934 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 946.Node: termin\n-00001320: 666f 7f31 3632 3630 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 fo.162609.Node: \n-00001330: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 Command-line and\n-00001340: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 636f 6d6d menu entry comm\n-00001350: 616e 6473 7f31 3633 3833 320a 4e6f 6465 ands.163832.Node\n-00001360: 3a20 5b7f 3136 3931 3534 0a4e 6f64 653a : [.169154.Node:\n-00001370: 2061 6370 697f 3136 3933 3336 0a4e 6f64 acpi.169336.Nod\n-00001380: 653a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 657f e: authenticate.\n-00001390: 3137 3036 3139 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 170619.Node: bac\n-000013a0: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 727f 3137 kground_color.17\n-000013b0: 3130 3436 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 1046.Node: backg\n-000013c0: 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 657f 3137 3137 round_image.1717\n-000013d0: 3139 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6164 7261 6d7f 19.Node: badram.\n-000013e0: 3137 3232 3633 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6c6f 172263.Node: blo\n-000013f0: 636b 6c69 7374 7f31 3733 3634 380a 4e6f cklist.173648.No\n-00001400: 6465 3a20 626f 6f74 7f31 3733 3838 320a de: boot.173882.\n-00001410: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6361 747f 3137 3432 3034 Node: cat.174204\n-00001420: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 .Node: chainload\n-00001430: 6572 7f31 3734 3833 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 er.174838.Node: \n-00001440: 636c 6561 727f 3137 3534 3634 0a4e 6f64 clear.175464.Nod\n-00001450: 653a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 7f31 3735 e: cmosclean.175\n-00001460: 3635 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 650.Node: cmosdu\n-00001470: 6d70 7f31 3735 3935 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 mp.175954.Node: \n-00001480: 636d 6f73 7465 7374 7f31 3736 3234 390a cmostest.176249.\n-00001490: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 707f 3137 3636 3037 Node: cmp.176607\n-000014a0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c .Node: configfil\n-000014b0: 657f 3137 3731 3538 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 e.177158.Node: c\n-000014c0: 7075 6964 7f31 3737 3538 330a 4e6f 6465 puid.177583.Node\n-000014d0: 3a20 6372 637f 3137 3831 3534 0a4e 6f64 : crc.178154.Nod\n-000014e0: 653a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 7f31 e: cryptomount.1\n-000014f0: 3738 3432 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6375 746d 78428.Node: cutm\n-00001500: 656d 7f31 3739 3431 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 em.179416.Node: \n-00001510: 6461 7465 7f31 3830 3239 350a 4e6f 6465 date.180295.Node\n-00001520: 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 7f31 3830 : devicetree.180\n-00001530: 3833 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6469 7374 7275 839.Node: distru\n-00001540: 7374 7f31 3831 3338 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 st.181381.Node: \n-00001550: 6472 6976 656d 6170 7f31 3832 3136 320a drivemap.182162.\n-00001560: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6563 686f 7f31 3832 3936 Node: echo.18296\n-00001570: 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6576 616c 7f31 3833 3.Node: eval.183\n-00001580: 3930 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6578 706f 7274 902.Node: export\n-00001590: 7f31 3834 3138 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 .184185.Node: fa\n-000015a0: 6c73 657f 3138 3434 3936 0a4e 6f64 653a lse.184496.Node:\n-000015b0: 2067 6574 7465 7874 7f31 3834 3739 320a gettext.184792.\n-000015c0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6770 7473 796e 637f 3138 Node: gptsync.18\n-000015d0: 3532 3339 0a4e 6f64 653a 2068 616c 747f 5239.Node: halt.\n-000015e0: 3138 3631 3834 0a4e 6f64 653a 2068 6173 186184.Node: has\n-000015f0: 6873 756d 7f31 3836 3531 330a 4e6f 6465 hsum.186513.Node\n-00001600: 3a20 6865 6c70 7f31 3837 3732 390a 4e6f : help.187729.No\n-00001610: 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 7f31 3838 3139 de: initrd.18819\n-00001620: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 6.Node: initrd16\n-00001630: 7f31 3838 3633 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e .188631.Node: in\n-00001640: 736d 6f64 7f31 3839 3136 350a 4e6f 6465 smod.189165.Node\n-00001650: 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 737f 3138 3933 : keystatus.1893\n-00001660: 3837 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 696e 7578 7f31 87.Node: linux.1\n-00001670: 3930 3032 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 6e75 90020.Node: linu\n-00001680: 7831 367f 3139 3039 3233 0a4e 6f64 653a x16.190923.Node:\n-00001690: 206c 6973 745f 656e 767f 3139 3136 3337 list_env.191637\n-000016a0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 .Node: list_trus\n-000016b0: 7465 647f 3139 3230 3031 0a4e 6f64 653a ted.192001.Node:\n-000016c0: 206c 6f61 645f 656e 767f 3139 3235 3834 load_env.192584\n-000016d0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 747f .Node: loadfont.\n-000016e0: 3139 3432 3533 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f6f 194253.Node: loo\n-000016f0: 7062 6163 6b7f 3139 3436 3234 0a4e 6f64 pback.194624.Nod\n-00001700: 653a 206c 737f 3139 3530 3730 0a4e 6f64 e: ls.195070.Nod\n-00001710: 653a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 7f31 3935 3631 e: lsfonts.19561\n-00001720: 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 6d6f 647f 3139 2.Node: lsmod.19\n-00001730: 3537 3934 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 6435 7375 5794.Node: md5su\n-00001740: 6d7f 3139 3539 3834 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d m.195984.Node: m\n-00001750: 6f64 756c 657f 3139 3632 3633 0a4e 6f64 odule.196263.Nod\n-00001760: 653a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 7f31 3936 e: multiboot.196\n-00001770: 3537 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 575.Node: native\n-00001780: 6469 736b 7f31 3937 3638 340a 4e6f 6465 disk.197684.Node\n-00001790: 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 7f31 3938 3038 330a : normal.198083.\n-000017a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 Node: normal_exi\n-000017b0: 747f 3139 3838 3530 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 t.198850.Node: p\n-000017c0: 6172 7474 6f6f 6c7f 3139 3931 3732 0a4e arttool.199172.N\n-000017d0: 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 647f 3230 ode: password.20\n-000017e0: 3036 3738 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 0678.Node: passw\n-000017f0: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 7f32 3030 3936 ord_pbkdf2.20096\n-00001800: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6179 7f32 3031 0.Node: play.201\n-00001810: 3336 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 6f62 657f 368.Node: probe.\n-00001820: 3230 3231 3136 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 646d 202116.Node: rdm\n-00001830: 7372 7f32 3032 3539 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 sr.202594.Node: \n-00001840: 7265 6164 7f32 3033 3337 370a 4e6f 6465 read.203377.Node\n-00001850: 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 7f32 3033 3732 310a : reboot.203721.\n-00001860: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6765 7870 7f32 3033 Node: regexp.203\n-00001870: 3930 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 726d 6d6f 647f 904.Node: rmmod.\n-00001880: 3230 3434 3339 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6176 204439.Node: sav\n-00001890: 655f 656e 767f 3230 3436 3332 0a4e 6f64 e_env.204632.Nod\n-000018a0: 653a 2073 6561 7263 687f 3230 3536 3532 e: search.205652\n-000018b0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 656e 646b 6579 7f32 .Node: sendkey.2\n-000018c0: 3036 3432 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 747f 06420.Node: set.\n-000018d0: 3231 3238 3038 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 212808.Node: sha\n-000018e0: 3173 756d 7f32 3133 3131 300a 4e6f 6465 1sum.213110.Node\n-000018f0: 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d7f 3231 3333 : sha256sum.2133\n-00001900: 3935 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3531 3273 95.Node: sha512s\n-00001910: 756d 7f32 3133 3639 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 um.213694.Node: \n-00001920: 736c 6565 707f 3231 3339 3931 0a4e 6f64 sleep.213991.Nod\n-00001930: 653a 2073 6d62 696f 737f 3231 3435 3131 e: smbios.214511\n-00001940: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6f75 7263 657f 3231 .Node: source.21\n-00001950: 3735 3234 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 6573 747f 7524.Node: test.\n-00001960: 3231 3830 3737 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 7275 218077.Node: tru\n-00001970: 657f 3232 3038 3436 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 e.220846.Node: t\n-00001980: 7275 7374 7f32 3231 3133 320a 4e6f 6465 rust.221132.Node\n-00001990: 3a20 756e 7365 747f 3232 3139 3232 0a4e : unset.221922.N\n-000019a0: 6f64 653a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 ode: verify_deta\n-000019b0: 6368 6564 7f32 3232 3133 360a 4e6f 6465 ched.222136.Node\n-000019c0: 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f7f 3232 3331 : videoinfo.2231\n-000019d0: 3739 0a4e 6f64 653a 2077 726d 7372 7f32 79.Node: wrmsr.2\n-000019e0: 3233 3435 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 23457.Node: xen_\n-000019f0: 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 7f32 3234 3237 hypervisor.22427\n-00001a00: 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 1.Node: xen_modu\n-00001a10: 6c65 7f32 3234 3733 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 le.224732.Node: \n-00001a20: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n-00001a30: 6e64 737f 3232 3532 3536 0a4e 6f64 653a nds.225256.Node:\n-00001a40: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 727f 3232 net_add_addr.22\n-00001a50: 3632 3738 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6278.Node: net_a\n-00001a60: 6464 5f64 6e73 7f32 3236 3739 380a 4e6f dd_dns.226798.No\n-00001a70: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 de: net_add_rout\n-00001a80: 657f 3232 3730 3734 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e e.227074.Node: n\n-00001a90: 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 7f32 3237 3630 320a et_bootp.227602.\n-00001aa0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 Node: net_del_ad\n-00001ab0: 6472 7f32 3237 3936 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 dr.227967.Node: \n-00001ac0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 737f 3232 3832 net_del_dns.2282\n-00001ad0: 3037 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 07.Node: net_del\n-00001ae0: 5f72 6f75 7465 7f32 3238 3435 340a 4e6f _route.228454.No\n-00001af0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 7f32 3238 de: net_dhcp.228\n-00001b00: 3638 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 688.Node: net_ge\n-00001b10: 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e7f 3233 t_dhcp_option.23\n-00001b20: 3036 3637 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f69 0667.Node: net_i\n-00001b30: 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 7f32 3331 pv6_autoconf.231\n-00001b40: 3134 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 148.Node: net_ls\n-00001b50: 5f61 6464 727f 3233 3135 3639 0a4e 6f64 _addr.231569.Nod\n-00001b60: 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 737f e: net_ls_cards.\n-00001b70: 3233 3138 3137 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 231817.Node: net\n-00001b80: 5f6c 735f 646e 737f 3233 3230 3533 0a4e _ls_dns.232053.N\n-00001b90: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 ode: net_ls_rout\n-00001ba0: 6573 7f32 3332 3238 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 es.232284.Node: \n-00001bb0: 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 7f32 3332 net_nslookup.232\n-00001bc0: 3439 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7465 726e 491.Node: Intern\n-00001bd0: 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 7f32 ationalisation.2\n-00001be0: 3332 3737 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 6375 32775.Node: Secu\n-00001bf0: 7269 7479 7f32 3339 3630 370a 4e6f 6465 rity.239607.Node\n-00001c00: 3a20 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e : Authentication\n-00001c10: 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 and authorisati\n-00001c20: 6f6e 7f32 3430 3138 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 on.240183.Node: \n-00001c30: 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 Using digital si\n-00001c40: 676e 6174 7572 6573 7f32 3433 3239 390a gnatures.243299.\n-00001c50: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 Node: UEFI secur\n-00001c60: 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d7f e boot and shim.\n-00001c70: 3234 3635 3639 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 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727f 3137 3438 3430 0a4e 6f64 653a der.174840.Node:\n+00001440: 2063 6c65 6172 7f31 3735 3436 360a 4e6f clear.175466.No\n+00001450: 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e7f 3137 de: cmosclean.17\n+00001460: 3536 3532 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7364 5652.Node: cmosd\n+00001470: 756d 707f 3137 3539 3536 0a4e 6f64 653a ump.175956.Node:\n+00001480: 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 747f 3137 3632 3531 cmostest.176251\n+00001490: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 7f31 3736 3630 .Node: cmp.17660\n+000014a0: 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 9.Node: configfi\n+000014b0: 6c65 7f31 3737 3136 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 le.177160.Node: \n+000014c0: 6370 7569 647f 3137 3735 3835 0a4e 6f64 cpuid.177585.Nod\n+000014d0: 653a 2063 7263 7f31 3738 3135 360a 4e6f e: crc.178156.No\n+000014e0: 6465 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 747f de: cryptomount.\n+000014f0: 3137 3834 3330 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 7574 178430.Node: cut\n+00001500: 6d65 6d7f 3137 3934 3138 0a4e 6f64 653a mem.179418.Node:\n+00001510: 2064 6174 657f 3138 3032 3937 0a4e 6f64 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2068 656c 707f 3138 3737 3331 0a4e e: help.187731.N\n+00001610: 6f64 653a 2069 6e69 7472 647f 3138 3831 ode: initrd.1881\n+00001620: 3938 0a4e 6f64 653a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 98.Node: initrd1\n+00001630: 367f 3138 3836 3333 0a4e 6f64 653a 2069 6.188633.Node: i\n+00001640: 6e73 6d6f 647f 3138 3931 3637 0a4e 6f64 nsmod.189167.Nod\n+00001650: 653a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 7f31 3839 e: keystatus.189\n+00001660: 3338 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 6e75 787f 389.Node: linux.\n+00001670: 3139 3030 3232 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 696e 190022.Node: lin\n+00001680: 7578 3136 7f31 3930 3932 350a 4e6f 6465 ux16.190925.Node\n+00001690: 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 7f31 3931 3633 : list_env.19163\n+000016a0: 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 9.Node: list_tru\n+000016b0: 7374 6564 7f31 3932 3030 330a 4e6f 6465 sted.192003.Node\n+000016c0: 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 7f31 3932 3538 : load_env.19258\n+000016d0: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 6.Node: loadfont\n+000016e0: 7f31 3934 3235 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 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6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 7f32 Node: password.2\n+000017e0: 3030 3638 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 00680.Node: pass\n+000017f0: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 327f 3230 3039 word_pbkdf2.2009\n+00001800: 3632 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 797f 3230 62.Node: play.20\n+00001810: 3133 3730 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 726f 6265 1370.Node: probe\n+00001820: 7f32 3032 3131 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7264 .202118.Node: rd\n+00001830: 6d73 727f 3230 3235 3936 0a4e 6f64 653a msr.202596.Node:\n+00001840: 2072 6561 647f 3230 3333 3739 0a4e 6f64 read.203379.Nod\n+00001850: 653a 2072 6562 6f6f 747f 3230 3337 3233 e: reboot.203723\n+00001860: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6567 6578 707f 3230 .Node: regexp.20\n+00001870: 3339 3036 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6d6d 6f64 3906.Node: rmmod\n+00001880: 7f32 3034 3434 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7361 .204441.Node: sa\n+00001890: 7665 5f65 6e76 7f32 3034 3633 340a 4e6f ve_env.204634.No\n+000018a0: 6465 3a20 7365 6172 6368 7f32 3035 3635 de: search.20565\n+000018b0: 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 797f 4.Node: sendkey.\n+000018c0: 3230 3634 3232 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6574 206422.Node: set\n+000018d0: 7f32 3132 3831 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 .212810.Node: sh\n+000018e0: 6131 7375 6d7f 3231 3331 3132 0a4e 6f64 a1sum.213112.Nod\n+000018f0: 653a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 7f32 3133 e: sha256sum.213\n+00001900: 3339 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6135 3132 397.Node: sha512\n+00001910: 7375 6d7f 3231 3336 3936 0a4e 6f64 653a sum.213696.Node:\n+00001920: 2073 6c65 6570 7f32 3133 3939 330a 4e6f sleep.213993.No\n+00001930: 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 7f32 3134 3531 de: smbios.21451\n+00001940: 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736f 7572 6365 7f32 3.Node: source.2\n+00001950: 3137 3532 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 7374 17526.Node: test\n+00001960: 7f32 3138 3037 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 .218079.Node: tr\n+00001970: 7565 7f32 3230 3834 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ue.220848.Node: \n+00001980: 7472 7573 747f 3232 3131 3334 0a4e 6f64 trust.221134.Nod\n+00001990: 653a 2075 6e73 6574 7f32 3231 3932 340a e: unset.221924.\n+000019a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 Node: verify_det\n+000019b0: 6163 6865 647f 3232 3231 3338 0a4e 6f64 ached.222138.Nod\n+000019c0: 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 7f32 3233 e: videoinfo.223\n+000019d0: 3138 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7772 6d73 727f 181.Node: wrmsr.\n+000019e0: 3232 3334 3539 0a4e 6f64 653a 2078 656e 223459.Node: xen\n+000019f0: 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 727f 3232 3432 _hypervisor.2242\n+00001a00: 3733 0a4e 6f64 653a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 73.Node: xen_mod\n+00001a10: 756c 657f 3232 3437 3334 0a4e 6f64 653a ule.224734.Node:\n+00001a20: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n+00001a30: 616e 6473 7f32 3235 3235 380a 4e6f 6465 ands.225258.Node\n+00001a40: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 7f32 : net_add_addr.2\n+00001a50: 3236 3238 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 26280.Node: net_\n+00001a60: 6164 645f 646e 737f 3232 3638 3030 0a4e add_dns.226800.N\n+00001a70: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 ode: net_add_rou\n+00001a80: 7465 7f32 3237 3037 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 te.227076.Node: \n+00001a90: 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 707f 3232 3736 3034 net_bootp.227604\n+00001aa0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 .Node: net_del_a\n+00001ab0: 6464 727f 3232 3739 3639 0a4e 6f64 653a ddr.227969.Node:\n+00001ac0: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 7f32 3238 net_del_dns.228\n+00001ad0: 3230 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 209.Node: net_de\n+00001ae0: 6c5f 726f 7574 657f 3232 3834 3536 0a4e l_route.228456.N\n+00001af0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 707f 3232 ode: net_dhcp.22\n+00001b00: 3836 3930 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f67 8690.Node: net_g\n+00001b10: 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 7f32 et_dhcp_option.2\n+00001b20: 3330 3636 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 30669.Node: net_\n+00001b30: 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 667f 3233 ipv6_autoconf.23\n+00001b40: 3131 3530 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 1150.Node: net_l\n+00001b50: 735f 6164 6472 7f32 3331 3537 310a 4e6f s_addr.231571.No\n+00001b60: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 de: net_ls_cards\n+00001b70: 7f32 3331 3831 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .231819.Node: ne\n+00001b80: 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 7f32 3332 3035 350a t_ls_dns.232055.\n+00001b90: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 Node: net_ls_rou\n+00001ba0: 7465 737f 3233 3232 3836 0a4e 6f64 653a tes.232286.Node:\n+00001bb0: 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 707f 3233 net_nslookup.23\n+00001bc0: 3234 3933 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 2493.Node: Inter\n+00001bd0: 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e7f nationalisation.\n+00001be0: 3233 3237 3737 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 232777.Node: Sec\n+00001bf0: 7572 6974 797f 3233 3936 3039 0a4e 6f64 urity.239609.Nod\n+00001c00: 653a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f e: Authenticatio\n+00001c10: 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 n and authorisat\n+00001c20: 696f 6e7f 3234 3031 3835 0a4e 6f64 653a ion.240185.Node:\n+00001c30: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n+00001c40: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 737f 3234 3333 3031 ignatures.243301\n+00001c50: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 .Node: UEFI secu\n+00001c60: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d re boot and shim\n+00001c70: 7f32 3436 3537 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 .246571.Node: Se\n+00001c80: 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 cure Boot Advanc\n+00001c90: 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 7f32 3437 ed Targeting.247\n+00001ca0: 3731 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 718.Node: Measur\n+00001cb0: 6564 2042 6f6f 747f 3234 3837 3439 0a4e ed Boot.248749.N\n+00001cc0: 6f64 653a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e7f 3235 ode: Lockdown.25\n+00001cd0: 3037 3134 0a4e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 0714.Node: Platf\n+00001ce0: 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 737f orm limitations.\n+00001cf0: 3235 3132 3037 0a4e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 251207.Node: Pla\n+00001d00: 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f tform-specific o\n+00001d10: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 737f 3235 3932 3136 perations.259216\n+00001d20: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 .Node: Supported\n+00001d30: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 7f32 3630 3238 310a kernels.260281.\n+00001d40: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f Node: Troublesho\n+00001d50: 6f74 696e 677f 3236 3739 3138 0a4e 6f64 oting.267918.Nod\n+00001d60: 653a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 e: GRUB only off\n+00001d70: 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 ers a rescue she\n+00001d80: 6c6c 7f32 3638 3138 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ll.268188.Node: \n+00001d90: 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 Firmware stalls \n+00001da0: 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 instead of booti\n+00001db0: 6e67 2047 5255 427f 3237 3131 3937 0a4e ng GRUB.271197.N\n+00001dc0: 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ode: Invoking gr\n+00001dd0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 7f32 3731 3832 ub-install.27182\n+00001de0: 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 8.Node: Invoking\n+00001df0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 7f32 grub-mkconfig.2\n+00001e00: 3733 3939 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 73998.Node: Invo\n+00001e10: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 king grub-mkpass\n+00001e20: 7764 2d70 626b 6466 327f 3237 3436 3335 wd-pbkdf2.274635\n+00001e30: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 .Node: Invoking \n+00001e40: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 7f32 grub-mkrelpath.2\n+00001e50: 3735 3239 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 75294.Node: Invo\n+00001e60: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n+00001e70: 7565 7f32 3736 3036 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ue.276067.Node: \n+00001e80: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f Invoking grub-mo\n+00001e90: 756e 747f 3237 3738 3136 0a4e 6f64 653a unt.277816.Node:\n+00001ea0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 Invoking grub-p\n+00001eb0: 726f 6265 7f32 3830 3836 350a 4e6f 6465 robe.280865.Node\n+00001ec0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+00001ed0: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 7f32 3833 script-check.283\n+00001ee0: 3435 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 459.Node: Obtain\n+00001ef0: 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 ing and Building\n+00001f00: 2047 5255 427f 3238 3432 3033 0a4e 6f64 GRUB.284203.Nod\n+00001f10: 653a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 e: Reporting bug\n+00001f20: 737f 3238 3534 3436 0a4e 6f64 653a 2046 s.285446.Node: F\n+00001f30: 7574 7572 657f 3238 3832 3632 0a4e 6f64 uture.288262.Nod\n+00001f40: 653a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 e: Copying This \n+00001f50: 4d61 6e75 616c 7f32 3838 3636 320a 4e6f Manual.288662.No\n+00001f60: 6465 3a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 de: GNU Free Doc\n+00001f70: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n+00001f80: 7365 7f32 3838 3839 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 se.288890.Node: \n+00001f90: 496e 6465 787f 3331 3234 3335 0a1f 0a45 Index.312435...E\n+00001fa0: 6e64 2054 6167 2054 6162 6c65 0a0a 1f0a nd Tag Table....\n+00001fb0: 4c6f 6361 6c20 5661 7269 6162 6c65 733a Local Variables:\n+00001fc0: 0a63 6f64 696e 673a 2075 7466 2d38 0a45 .coding: utf-8.E\n+00001fd0: 6e64 3a0a nd:.\n"}]}]}]}]}]}