{"diffoscope-json-version": 1, "source1": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.z7ejpNtr/b1/grub2_2.12-9_amd64.changes", "source2": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.z7ejpNtr/b2/grub2_2.12-9_amd64.changes", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "Files", "source2": "Files", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,38 +1,38 @@\n \n 1e7240098438ee23231e0b449aed1ea6 11818112 debug optional grub-common-dbgsym_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 3515f2c07ace1955db907bbd5299b6aa 2899676 admin optional grub-common_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- 102d534d092f049805d1b50d127ccdfd 648392 admin optional grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ ec4d480aed73001d0500bd5ec048e3e2 648208 admin optional grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 9cc67cb678338c40106211ba517765b1 3114592 debug optional grub-coreboot-dbg_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 403484f23cf2d445e880bf197ffd5f7a 46660 admin optional grub-coreboot_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- 18001f80bc4763504cf9388fd37efb10 1053444 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ 4423d7c9dcc3dbd927d6bdd796b99208 1053468 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 3fce07793492c6fbbad81f79dd8a2e84 3700644 debug optional grub-efi-amd64-dbg_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n cdd3937488bfbfb754dc33fc17896f96 317348 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-signed-template_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- a702ff6d7c4f475dafb85f4f6aae9a72 1361560 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ b7a0ed82ecce0ee955567ed23709d917 1361560 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 8e7a8ac6dc6930beee8373e567f5ecaa 46660 admin optional grub-efi-amd64_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- b930951f9bb60ece74434b71834394b6 691568 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ 7438b33a688d6669c602910fa6cb1489 691548 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 28d6527755e90311266b976c63f010be 3350876 debug optional grub-efi-ia32-dbg_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- 2c066aba5c4e32cb556bea2f4c382f57 1323840 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ ae24c97f309d5ecaab4204e00beb4b4c 1323888 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n a6859c5a96700e7c64c68c842f5eab49 46676 admin optional grub-efi-ia32_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n c9c63d61e42b180db83718b7e9c27064 2372 admin optional grub-efi_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 6e9797911e954cb3b3e3e93e429c88a6 2818044 debug optional grub-emu-dbg_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 197f5e51595fab4532e03989ef3684a4 34580 debug optional grub-emu-dbgsym_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- 30d7d00d4fb92e134debad5ec22e85c4 3070592 admin optional grub-emu_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- 1a5b6e6f8fa465ee8243275d148b6300 926888 admin optional grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- bbee426f4dd93ba89a1fae5009e423b5 635816 admin optional grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ 7a985bd6dcd9b69e82ef0a77d0dd08aa 3071252 admin optional grub-emu_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ 3e7e4352eda784bf9a2822699ca55754 926888 admin optional grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ 8295c443789e1709baa2644a684eb67b 635884 admin optional grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 324fce08e9cb7d24c43cb3aac310fa51 3046916 debug optional grub-ieee1275-dbg_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 423478547767f5d7450dd2ded2f49896 46656 admin optional grub-ieee1275_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 3bc77d988d59b884868bd36322f067ff 2360 oldlibs optional grub-linuxbios_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n be541e2c0eef8909901ea8dc00ab35e2 438260 debian-installer optional grub-mount-udeb_2.12-9_amd64.udeb\n c65daf9c1deadb6fbe571ab01e66bf61 1232208 debug optional grub-pc-bin-dbgsym_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- b008f08118f19681e9e21574d75f4473 1021104 admin optional grub-pc-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ 3351a93b93f5475c264bc8999352ecf8 1021332 admin optional grub-pc-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 9fbe4b91faae1819dc48cfa8abd2d283 3275688 debug optional grub-pc-dbg_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 5354f339eda066077f224fd3f6b6cade 128460 admin optional grub-pc_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- 417190745df8b19ccd7653097a3ca0a2 2647992 admin optional grub-rescue-pc_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ 8cbcf828df90320500e34a426a283d52 2647796 admin optional grub-rescue-pc_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 5d3585bd1f30ae86c0a5dff71af7cbaf 2156800 admin optional grub-theme-starfield_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- e822637fe2d638a0555e810b2b447f9e 1040564 admin optional grub-xen-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ f8162fd3459919635d053ab1a8c5a2ab 1040704 admin optional grub-xen-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 5fa143e8a5ae3d877dd9b6e87d109d75 7890184 debug optional grub-xen-dbg_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- 405b23f30e88615d4572a05c62b24196 1336828 admin optional grub-xen-host_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ 3503922f216662206dc82e9636803c31 1337004 admin optional grub-xen-host_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n cb13d1d621fb193e6148839aa78c2636 46592 admin optional grub-xen_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 7bac03e52850ae4e5057c08314761b98 1598012 debug optional grub2-common-dbgsym_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- f6ab92b9fafd49ba53da8e9a9607128e 641064 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ 28a3b1730b835381b614ba18a89feedb 641060 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 344e43c089955b55ead1edd60a7ba4a8 2360 oldlibs optional grub2_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n"}, {"source1": "grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7428 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 640772 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 640588 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -146,15 +146,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3728 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3868 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3648 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3816 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3736 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5808 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4910 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2636 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2634 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2316 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27480 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13872 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 15092 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4152 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=coreboot\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 8120 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1045132 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1045156 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -158,15 +158,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5856 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5944 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5920 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6008 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5832 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 9128 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5318 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2560 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2558 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3128 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44056 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3592 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2368 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 22016 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 24960 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6624 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1232 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1360136 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1236 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1360132 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/gcdx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/gcdx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -766763,16 +766763,16 @@\n 234bf8:\tlods (%rsi),%al\n 234bf9:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 234bfb:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 234bfd:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 234bff:\tadd %dh,0xcd3(%rsi)\n 234c05:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 234c07:\tadd %al,(%rax,%rax,4)\n- 234c0a:\tpush %rdi\n- 234c0b:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 234c0a:\tscas (%rdi),%al\n+ 234c0b:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 234c0d:\tadd %ah,%al\n 234c0f:\trorl %cl,(%rax,%rax,1)\n \t...\n 235826:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 235828:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 23582a:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23582c:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64-installer.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -772185,16 +772185,16 @@\n 239257:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239259:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23925b:\tadd %ch,-0x2d(%rdx)\n 23925e:\tor $0x0,%al\n 239260:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239262:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239264:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 239266:\tpush %rdi\n- 239267:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 239266:\tscas (%rdi),%al\n+ 239267:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 239269:\tadd %dl,0xc(%rbx,%rdx,8)\n \t...\n 239ed0:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 239ed2:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239ed4:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n 239ed6:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239ed8:\toutsb (%rsi),(%dx)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -772185,16 +772185,16 @@\n 239257:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239259:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23925b:\tadd %ch,-0x2d(%rdx)\n 23925e:\tor $0x0,%al\n 239260:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239262:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239264:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 239266:\tpush %rdi\n- 239267:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 239266:\tscas (%rdi),%al\n+ 239267:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 239269:\tadd %dl,0xc(%rbx,%rdx,8)\n \t...\n 239ed0:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 239ed2:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239ed4:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n 239ed6:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239ed8:\toutsb (%rsi),(%dx)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -878334,16 +878334,16 @@\n 28b7ba:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28b7bc:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28b7be:\txchg %eax,%esp\n 28b7bf:\trorb %cl,(%rax,%rax,1)\n 28b7c2:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28b7c4:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28b7c6:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 28b7c8:\tpush %rdi\n- 28b7c9:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 28b7c8:\tscas (%rdi),%al\n+ 28b7c9:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 28b7cb:\tadd %dh,0xcd2(%rsi)\n \t...\n 28c50d:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28c50f:\tadd %al,(%rbx)\n 28c511:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28c513:\tadd %bl,(%rax)\n 28c515:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n"}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7872 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 683504 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 683484 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -159,15 +159,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3840 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4000 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3800 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3932 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3868 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6800 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5340 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2603 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2601 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2320 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 28660 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2404 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1996 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14404 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 16104 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4292 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1236 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1322412 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1322460 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/gcdia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/gcdia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -115876,15 +115876,15 @@\n 001c4a30: 7066 3201 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 006c pf2............l\n 001c4a40: 0000 0001 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 8c00 0200 .......fonts....\n 001c4a50: 0200 0700 6772 7562 2e63 6667 1080 acd1 ....grub.cfg....\n 001c4a60: 0c00 0000 0000 ec00 0000 0000 0000 9cd3 ................\n 001c4a70: 0c00 0000 0000 2080 6c00 0000 0000 0000 ...... .l.......\n 001c4a80: 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c4a90: ac00 0000 0000 0000 b6d3 0c00 0000 0000 ................\n-001c4aa0: 0480 5704 0000 e0d3 0c00 0000 0000 0000 ..W.............\n+001c4aa0: 0480 ae08 0000 e0d3 0c00 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c4ab0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c4ac0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c4ad0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c4ae0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c4af0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c4b00: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c4b10: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -135563,15 +135563,15 @@\n 002118a0: 6668 0300 0000 0000 0000 0300 0000 1c00 fh..............\n 002118b0: 1f00 0400 0000 3880 0000 0000 0000 0000 ......8.........\n 002118c0: 0200 0000 0000 0000 0200 0a00 756e 6963 ............unic\n 002118d0: 6f64 652e 7066 3200 0000 0000 0000 0001 ode.pf2.........\n 002118e0: 0000 006c 0000 0001 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 ...l.......fonts\n 002118f0: 1880 6c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ..l.............\n 00211900: 0000 8c00 0000 0000 0000 94d2 0c00 0000 ................\n-00211910: 0000 0480 5704 0000 b6d2 0c00 0000 0000 ....W...........\n+00211910: 0000 0480 ae08 0000 b6d2 0c00 0000 0000 ................\n 00211920: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00211930: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00211940: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00211950: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00211960: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00211970: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00211980: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32-installer.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -116598,15 +116598,15 @@\n 001c7750: 6f64 652e 7066 3201 0000 0000 0000 0001 ode.pf2.........\n 001c7760: 0000 006c 0000 0001 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 ...l.......fonts\n 001c7770: 8c00 0200 0200 0700 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ........grub.cfg\n 001c7780: 1080 acd1 0c00 0000 0000 9c00 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7790: 0000 4cd3 0c00 0000 0000 2080 6c00 0000 ..L....... .l...\n 001c77a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 0000 ................\n 001c77b0: 0000 0000 ac00 0000 0000 0000 66d3 0c00 ............f...\n-001c77c0: 0000 0000 0480 5704 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 ......W.........\n+001c77c0: 0000 0000 0480 ae08 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 ................\n 001c77d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c77e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c77f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7800: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7810: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7820: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7830: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -116598,15 +116598,15 @@\n 001c7750: 6f64 652e 7066 3201 0000 0000 0000 0001 ode.pf2.........\n 001c7760: 0000 006c 0000 0001 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 ...l.......fonts\n 001c7770: 8c00 0200 0200 0700 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ........grub.cfg\n 001c7780: 1080 acd1 0c00 0000 0000 9c00 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7790: 0000 4cd3 0c00 0000 0000 2080 6c00 0000 ..L....... .l...\n 001c77a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 0000 ................\n 001c77b0: 0000 0000 ac00 0000 0000 0000 66d3 0c00 ............f...\n-001c77c0: 0000 0000 0480 5704 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 ......W.........\n+001c77c0: 0000 0000 0480 ae08 0000 90d3 0c00 0000 ................\n 001c77d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c77e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c77f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7800: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7810: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7820: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7830: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-emu_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-emu_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 6244 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 3064156 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 3064816 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -126,15 +126,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 39688 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 40272 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 45352 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 40120 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44672 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44584 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3750 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2374 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2372 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 329656 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 23248 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 11768 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 601304 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 32552 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 74584 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1043944 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/normal.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=emu\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/share/qemu/grub.bin", "source2": "./usr/share/qemu/grub.bin", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -112107,27 +112107,27 @@\n 001b5ea0: 0000 0001 0000 0008 2800 0062 6f6f 742f ........(..boot/\n 001b5eb0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5ec0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5ed0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5ee0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5ef0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5f00: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0030 ...............0\n-001b5f10: 3030 3037 3535 0030 3030 3231 3237 0030 000755.0002127.0\n-001b5f20: 3030 3231 3237 0030 3030 3030 3030 3030 002127.000000000\n-001b5f30: 3030 0031 3532 3633 3233 3636 3737 0030 00.15263236677.0\n-001b5f40: 3132 3430 3000 2035 0000 0000 0000 0000 12400. 5........\n+001b5f10: 3030 3037 3535 0030 3030 3432 3536 0030 000755.0004256.0\n+001b5f20: 3030 3432 3536 0030 3030 3030 3030 3030 004256.000000000\n+001b5f30: 3030 0031 3530 3630 3033 3234 3331 0030 00.15060032431.0\n+001b5f40: 3132 3336 3500 2035 0000 0000 0000 0000 12365. 5........\n 001b5f50: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5f60: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5f70: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5f80: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5f90: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5fa0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 7573 7461 ............usta\n-001b5fb0: 7220 2000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3100 0000 r .pbuilder1...\n+001b5fb0: 7220 2000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3200 0000 r .pbuilder2...\n 001b5fc0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n-001b5fd0: 0000 0000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3100 0000 ....pbuilder1...\n+001b5fd0: 0000 0000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3200 0000 ....pbuilder2...\n 001b5fe0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5ff0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6010: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6020: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6030: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6040: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n@@ -112139,27 +112139,27 @@\n 001b60a0: 0000 0000 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13324. 5........\n 001b6150: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6160: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6170: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6180: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6190: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b61a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 7573 7461 ............usta\n-001b61b0: 7220 2000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3100 0000 r .pbuilder1...\n+001b61b0: 7220 2000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3200 0000 r .pbuilder2...\n 001b61c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n-001b61d0: 0000 0000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3100 0000 ....pbuilder1...\n+001b61d0: 0000 0000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3200 0000 ....pbuilder2...\n 001b61e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b61f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6200: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6210: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6220: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6230: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6240: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n@@ -112171,27 +112171,27 @@\n 001b62a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0062 6f6f 742f ...........boot/\n 001b62b0: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 6700 0000 grub/grub.cfg...\n 001b62c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b62d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b62e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b62f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6300: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0030 ...............0\n-001b6310: 3030 3036 3434 0030 3030 3231 3237 0030 000644.0002127.0\n-001b6320: 3030 3231 3237 0030 3030 3030 3030 3132 002127.000000012\n-001b6330: 3432 0031 3532 3633 3233 3636 3737 0030 42.15263236677.0\n-001b6340: 3134 3735 3600 2030 0000 0000 0000 0000 14756. 0........\n+001b6310: 3030 3036 3434 0030 3030 3432 3536 0030 000644.0004256.0\n+001b6320: 3030 3432 3536 0030 3030 3030 3030 3132 004256.000000012\n+001b6330: 3432 0031 3530 3630 3033 3234 3331 0030 42.15060032431.0\n+001b6340: 3134 3734 3300 2030 0000 0000 0000 0000 14743. 0........\n 001b6350: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6360: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6370: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6380: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6390: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b63a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 7573 7461 ............usta\n-001b63b0: 7220 2000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3100 0000 r .pbuilder1...\n+001b63b0: 7220 2000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3200 0000 r .pbuilder2...\n 001b63c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n-001b63d0: 0000 0000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3100 0000 ....pbuilder1...\n+001b63d0: 0000 0000 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3200 0000 ....pbuilder2...\n 001b63e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b63f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6400: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6410: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6420: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6430: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6440: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7400 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 628224 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 628292 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -145,15 +145,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3728 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3868 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3648 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3816 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3736 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5788 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4708 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2636 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2634 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2316 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27480 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13704 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14696 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2696 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/nand.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=ieee1275\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-pc-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-pc-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 8440 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1012472 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1012700 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -171,15 +171,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3728 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3868 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3648 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3816 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3736 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 8484 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5791 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2622 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2620 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2316 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27480 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14904 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 15928 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4148 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-rescue-pc_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-rescue-pc_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1024 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 2646776 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 2646580 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-cdrom.iso", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-cdrom.iso", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,325 +1,325 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 19 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 21 02] boot \n----------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 19 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n+---------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 21 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] grub \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 21 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 21 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 23 02] fonts \n----------- 0 0 0 1705 Oct 12 2026 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg;1 \n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Oct 12 2026 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 43 02] locale \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 44 02] roms \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 22 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n+---------- 0 0 0 1705 Sep 9 2025 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Sep 9 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 23 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 2411806 Oct 12 2026 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 23 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 2411806 Sep 9 2025 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Oct 12 2026 [ 24 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 7820 Oct 12 2026 [ 1228 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10576 Oct 12 2026 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1200 Oct 12 2026 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5644 Oct 12 2026 [ 1239 00] affs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6052 Oct 12 2026 [ 1242 00] afs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1508 Oct 12 2026 [ 1245 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15608 Oct 12 2026 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 492 Oct 12 2026 [ 1254 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 956 Oct 12 2026 [ 1255 00] aout.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3024 Oct 12 2026 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4116 Oct 12 2026 [ 1258 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5544 Oct 12 2026 [ 1261 00] ata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1576 Oct 12 2026 [ 1264 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6768 Oct 12 2026 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4616 Oct 12 2026 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2188 Oct 12 2026 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3596 Oct 12 2026 [ 1274 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2004 Oct 12 2026 [ 1276 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2628 Oct 12 2026 [ 1277 00] boot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 31272 Oct 12 2026 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2280 Oct 12 2026 [ 1295 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 20048 Oct 12 2026 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2096 Oct 12 2026 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2816 Oct 12 2026 [ 1309 00] cat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3876 Oct 12 2026 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3336 Oct 12 2026 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2440 Oct 12 2026 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1048 Oct 12 2026 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2752 Oct 12 2026 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3396 Oct 12 2026 [ 1320 00] chain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2944 Oct 12 2026 [ 1322 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1164 Oct 12 2026 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1824 Oct 12 2026 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2208 Oct 12 2026 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4580 Oct 12 2026 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3931 Oct 12 2026 [ 1331 00] command.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2204 Oct 12 2026 [ 1333 00] configfi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2744 Oct 12 2026 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2980 Oct 12 2026 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1652 Oct 12 2026 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1552 Oct 12 2026 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 936 Oct 12 2026 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4896 Oct 12 2026 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14720 Oct 12 2026 [ 1345 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3584 Oct 12 2026 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1684 Oct 12 2026 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2096 Oct 12 2026 [ 1356 00] date.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1720 Oct 12 2026 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2148 Oct 12 2026 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2368 Oct 12 2026 [ 1361 00] disk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9816 Oct 12 2026 [ 1363 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 956 Oct 12 2026 [ 1368 00] div.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5504 Oct 12 2026 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1768 Oct 12 2026 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5296 Oct 12 2026 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1896 Oct 12 2026 [ 1376 00] echo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 23632 Oct 12 2026 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7644 Oct 12 2026 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11048 Oct 12 2026 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 16128 Oct 12 2026 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5844 Oct 12 2026 [ 1407 00] elf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 31313 Oct 12 2026 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1368 Oct 12 2026 [ 1426 00] eval.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5988 Oct 12 2026 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1380 Oct 12 2026 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6124 Oct 12 2026 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4620 Oct 12 2026 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6632 Oct 12 2026 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6140 Oct 12 2026 [ 1441 00] fat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17104 Oct 12 2026 [ 1444 00] file.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 13836 Oct 12 2026 [ 1453 00] font.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2612 Oct 12 2026 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 219 Oct 12 2026 [ 1462 00] fs.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2924 Oct 12 2026 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 34148 Oct 12 2026 [ 1465 00] function.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1580 Oct 12 2026 [ 1482 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7976 Oct 12 2026 [ 1483 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 33532 Oct 12 2026 [ 1487 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 16304 Oct 12 2026 [ 1504 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10516 Oct 12 2026 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19088 Oct 12 2026 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2180 Oct 12 2026 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2872 Oct 12 2026 [ 1530 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3024 Oct 12 2026 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3632 Oct 12 2026 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2260 Oct 12 2026 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19300 Oct 12 2026 [ 1538 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8200 Oct 12 2026 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1960 Oct 12 2026 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14772 Oct 12 2026 [ 1554 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17740 Oct 12 2026 [ 1562 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8536 Oct 12 2026 [ 1571 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4324 Oct 12 2026 [ 1576 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7724 Oct 12 2026 [ 1579 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 13472 Oct 12 2026 [ 1583 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 36800 Oct 12 2026 [ 1590 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 24504 Oct 12 2026 [ 1608 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 25100 Oct 12 2026 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5600 Oct 12 2026 [ 1633 00] geli.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4892 Oct 12 2026 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 39032 Oct 12 2026 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9872 Oct 12 2026 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2796 Oct 12 2026 [ 1664 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4888 Oct 12 2026 [ 1666 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3740 Oct 12 2026 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8756 Oct 12 2026 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4620 Oct 12 2026 [ 1676 00] halt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5164 Oct 12 2026 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6516 Oct 12 2026 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1140 Oct 12 2026 [ 1686 00] hello.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2584 Oct 12 2026 [ 1687 00] help.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3052 Oct 12 2026 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6856 Oct 12 2026 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8124 Oct 12 2026 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2976 Oct 12 2026 [ 1699 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5820 Oct 12 2026 [ 1701 00] http.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2452 Oct 12 2026 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2780 Oct 12 2026 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9252 Oct 12 2026 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6408 Oct 12 2026 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7804 Oct 12 2026 [ 1717 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4268 Oct 12 2026 [ 1721 00] json.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4968 Oct 12 2026 [ 1724 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1832 Oct 12 2026 [ 1727 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6232 Oct 12 2026 [ 1728 00] ldm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14396 Oct 12 2026 [ 1732 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 30080 Oct 12 2026 [ 1740 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 13508 Oct 12 2026 [ 1755 00] linux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5520 Oct 12 2026 [ 1762 00] linux16.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5744 Oct 12 2026 [ 1765 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3312 Oct 12 2026 [ 1768 00] loopback.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3868 Oct 12 2026 [ 1770 00] ls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4740 Oct 12 2026 [ 1772 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2236 Oct 12 2026 [ 1775 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1792 Oct 12 2026 [ 1777 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4768 Oct 12 2026 [ 1778 00] lspci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3924 Oct 12 2026 [ 1781 00] luks.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14300 Oct 12 2026 [ 1783 00] luks2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8512 Oct 12 2026 [ 1790 00] lvm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4820 Oct 12 2026 [ 1795 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3212 Oct 12 2026 [ 1798 00] macbless.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7376 Oct 12 2026 [ 1800 00] macho.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2020 Oct 12 2026 [ 1804 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2104 Oct 12 2026 [ 1805 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1964 Oct 12 2026 [ 1807 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1880 Oct 12 2026 [ 1808 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2096 Oct 12 2026 [ 1809 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2796 Oct 12 2026 [ 1811 00] memrw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3568 Oct 12 2026 [ 1813 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3600 Oct 12 2026 [ 1815 00] minix.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3728 Oct 12 2026 [ 1817 00] minix2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3868 Oct 12 2026 [ 1819 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3648 Oct 12 2026 [ 1821 00] minix3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3816 Oct 12 2026 [ 1823 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3736 Oct 12 2026 [ 1825 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8484 Oct 12 2026 [ 1827 00] mmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5791 Oct 12 2026 [ 1832 00] moddep.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2622 Oct 12 2026 [ 1835 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2316 Oct 12 2026 [ 1837 00] morse.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 27480 Oct 12 2026 [ 1839 00] mpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2392 Oct 12 2026 [ 1853 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1972 Oct 12 2026 [ 1855 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14904 Oct 12 2026 [ 1856 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15928 Oct 12 2026 [ 1864 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4148 Oct 12 2026 [ 1872 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 59440 Oct 12 2026 [ 1875 00] net.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3156 Oct 12 2026 [ 1905 00] newc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6740 Oct 12 2026 [ 1907 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 115148 Oct 12 2026 [ 1911 00] normal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10636 Oct 12 2026 [ 1968 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4308 Oct 12 2026 [ 1974 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2504 Oct 12 2026 [ 1977 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2968 Oct 12 2026 [ 1979 00] odc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1444 Oct 12 2026 [ 1981 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10296 Oct 12 2026 [ 1982 00] ohci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1588 Oct 12 2026 [ 1988 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1812 Oct 12 2026 [ 1989 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2052 Oct 12 2026 [ 1990 00] part_app.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2680 Oct 12 2026 [ 1992 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1712 Oct 12 2026 [ 1994 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1424 Oct 12 2026 [ 1995 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2300 Oct 12 2026 [ 1996 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2284 Oct 12 2026 [ 1998 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1732 Oct 12 2026 [ 2000 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1436 Oct 12 2026 [ 2001 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1588 Oct 12 2026 [ 2002 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 111 Oct 12 2026 [ 2003 00] partmap.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17 Oct 12 2026 [ 2004 00] parttool.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4636 Oct 12 2026 [ 2005 00] parttool.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1820 Oct 12 2026 [ 2008 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2732 Oct 12 2026 [ 2009 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4808 Oct 12 2026 [ 2011 00] pata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1312 Oct 12 2026 [ 2014 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2088 Oct 12 2026 [ 2015 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1316 Oct 12 2026 [ 2017 00] pci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2364 Oct 12 2026 [ 2018 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11388 Oct 12 2026 [ 2020 00] pgp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7260 Oct 12 2026 [ 2026 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6268 Oct 12 2026 [ 2030 00] plan9.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2448 Oct 12 2026 [ 2034 00] play.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7984 Oct 12 2026 [ 2036 00] png.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1512 Oct 12 2026 [ 2040 00] priority.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3500 Oct 12 2026 [ 2041 00] probe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2272 Oct 12 2026 [ 2043 00] procfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2144 Oct 12 2026 [ 2045 00] progress.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3672 Oct 12 2026 [ 2047 00] pxe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2608 Oct 12 2026 [ 2049 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1288 Oct 12 2026 [ 2051 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2192 Oct 12 2026 [ 2052 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3668 Oct 12 2026 [ 2054 00] random.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1832 Oct 12 2026 [ 2056 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1764 Oct 12 2026 [ 2057 00] read.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1628 Oct 12 2026 [ 2058 00] reboot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 50916 Oct 12 2026 [ 2059 00] regexp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8680 Oct 12 2026 [ 2084 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15036 Oct 12 2026 [ 2089 00] relocato.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4104 Oct 12 2026 [ 2097 00] romfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4612 Oct 12 2026 [ 2100 00] scsi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3688 Oct 12 2026 [ 2103 00] search.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3128 Oct 12 2026 [ 2105 00] search_0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3192 Oct 12 2026 [ 2107 00] search_1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3124 Oct 12 2026 [ 2109 00] search_l.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6996 Oct 12 2026 [ 2111 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9952 Oct 12 2026 [ 2115 00] serial.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 628 Oct 12 2026 [ 2120 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1624 Oct 12 2026 [ 2121 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5208 Oct 12 2026 [ 2122 00] setpci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5100 Oct 12 2026 [ 2125 00] sfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2424 Oct 12 2026 [ 2128 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6360 Oct 12 2026 [ 2130 00] signatur.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2116 Oct 12 2026 [ 2134 00] sleep.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2312 Oct 12 2026 [ 2136 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5508 Oct 12 2026 [ 2138 00] smbios.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2012 Oct 12 2026 [ 2141 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7208 Oct 12 2026 [ 2142 00] squash4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2112 Oct 12 2026 [ 2146 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17348 Oct 12 2026 [ 2148 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3504 Oct 12 2026 [ 2157 00] tar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 202 Oct 12 2026 [ 2159 00] terminal.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4432 Oct 12 2026 [ 2160 00] terminal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12216 Oct 12 2026 [ 2163 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5208 Oct 12 2026 [ 2169 00] test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1272 Oct 12 2026 [ 2172 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2712 Oct 12 2026 [ 2173 00] testload.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2244 Oct 12 2026 [ 2175 00] testspee.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5360 Oct 12 2026 [ 2177 00] tftp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4592 Oct 12 2026 [ 2180 00] tga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1456 Oct 12 2026 [ 2183 00] time.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2320 Oct 12 2026 [ 2184 00] tr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1656 Oct 12 2026 [ 2186 00] trig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1152 Oct 12 2026 [ 2187 00] true.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3556 Oct 12 2026 [ 2188 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8784 Oct 12 2026 [ 2190 00] udf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5240 Oct 12 2026 [ 2195 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5652 Oct 12 2026 [ 2198 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5352 Oct 12 2026 [ 2201 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6492 Oct 12 2026 [ 2204 00] uhci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10368 Oct 12 2026 [ 2208 00] usb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3740 Oct 12 2026 [ 2214 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6936 Oct 12 2026 [ 2216 00] usbms.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1952 Oct 12 2026 [ 2220 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2272 Oct 12 2026 [ 2221 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2632 Oct 12 2026 [ 2223 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1460 Oct 12 2026 [ 2225 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3560 Oct 12 2026 [ 2226 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9688 Oct 12 2026 [ 2228 00] vbe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2608 Oct 12 2026 [ 2233 00] verifier.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4940 Oct 12 2026 [ 2235 00] vga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2128 Oct 12 2026 [ 2238 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 33 Oct 12 2026 [ 2240 00] video.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5928 Oct 12 2026 [ 2241 00] video.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5548 Oct 12 2026 [ 2244 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6020 Oct 12 2026 [ 2247 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5612 Oct 12 2026 [ 2250 00] video_co.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 21312 Oct 12 2026 [ 2253 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3976 Oct 12 2026 [ 2264 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4216 Oct 12 2026 [ 2266 00] videote0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2280 Oct 12 2026 [ 2269 00] videote1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1448 Oct 12 2026 [ 2271 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8196 Oct 12 2026 [ 2272 00] xfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 27292 Oct 12 2026 [ 2277 00] xnu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2084 Oct 12 2026 [ 2291 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1924 Oct 12 2026 [ 2293 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14948 Oct 12 2026 [ 2294 00] xzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 40888 Oct 12 2026 [ 2302 00] zfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5468 Oct 12 2026 [ 2322 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6484 Oct 12 2026 [ 2325 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 45772 Oct 12 2026 [ 2329 00] zstd.mod;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Sep 9 2025 [ 24 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 7820 Sep 9 2025 [ 1228 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10576 Sep 9 2025 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1200 Sep 9 2025 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5644 Sep 9 2025 [ 1239 00] affs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6052 Sep 9 2025 [ 1242 00] afs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1508 Sep 9 2025 [ 1245 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15608 Sep 9 2025 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 492 Sep 9 2025 [ 1254 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 Sep 9 2025 [ 1255 00] aout.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3024 Sep 9 2025 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4116 Sep 9 2025 [ 1258 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5544 Sep 9 2025 [ 1261 00] ata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1576 Sep 9 2025 [ 1264 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6768 Sep 9 2025 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4616 Sep 9 2025 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2188 Sep 9 2025 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3596 Sep 9 2025 [ 1274 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2004 Sep 9 2025 [ 1276 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2628 Sep 9 2025 [ 1277 00] boot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 31272 Sep 9 2025 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2280 Sep 9 2025 [ 1295 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 20048 Sep 9 2025 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2096 Sep 9 2025 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2816 Sep 9 2025 [ 1309 00] cat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3876 Sep 9 2025 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3336 Sep 9 2025 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2440 Sep 9 2025 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1048 Sep 9 2025 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2752 Sep 9 2025 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3396 Sep 9 2025 [ 1320 00] chain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2944 Sep 9 2025 [ 1322 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1164 Sep 9 2025 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1824 Sep 9 2025 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2208 Sep 9 2025 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4580 Sep 9 2025 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3931 Sep 9 2025 [ 1331 00] command.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2204 Sep 9 2025 [ 1333 00] configfi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2744 Sep 9 2025 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2980 Sep 9 2025 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1652 Sep 9 2025 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1552 Sep 9 2025 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 936 Sep 9 2025 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4896 Sep 9 2025 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14720 Sep 9 2025 [ 1345 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3584 Sep 9 2025 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1684 Sep 9 2025 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2096 Sep 9 2025 [ 1356 00] date.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1720 Sep 9 2025 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2148 Sep 9 2025 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2368 Sep 9 2025 [ 1361 00] disk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9816 Sep 9 2025 [ 1363 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 Sep 9 2025 [ 1368 00] div.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5504 Sep 9 2025 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1768 Sep 9 2025 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5296 Sep 9 2025 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1896 Sep 9 2025 [ 1376 00] echo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 23632 Sep 9 2025 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7644 Sep 9 2025 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11048 Sep 9 2025 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 16128 Sep 9 2025 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5844 Sep 9 2025 [ 1407 00] elf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 31313 Sep 9 2025 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1368 Sep 9 2025 [ 1426 00] eval.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5988 Sep 9 2025 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1380 Sep 9 2025 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6124 Sep 9 2025 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4620 Sep 9 2025 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6632 Sep 9 2025 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6140 Sep 9 2025 [ 1441 00] fat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17104 Sep 9 2025 [ 1444 00] file.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13836 Sep 9 2025 [ 1453 00] font.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2612 Sep 9 2025 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 219 Sep 9 2025 [ 1462 00] fs.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2924 Sep 9 2025 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 34148 Sep 9 2025 [ 1465 00] function.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1580 Sep 9 2025 [ 1482 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7976 Sep 9 2025 [ 1483 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 33532 Sep 9 2025 [ 1487 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 16304 Sep 9 2025 [ 1504 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10516 Sep 9 2025 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19088 Sep 9 2025 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2180 Sep 9 2025 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2872 Sep 9 2025 [ 1530 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3024 Sep 9 2025 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3632 Sep 9 2025 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2260 Sep 9 2025 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19300 Sep 9 2025 [ 1538 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8200 Sep 9 2025 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1960 Sep 9 2025 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14772 Sep 9 2025 [ 1554 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17740 Sep 9 2025 [ 1562 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8536 Sep 9 2025 [ 1571 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4324 Sep 9 2025 [ 1576 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7724 Sep 9 2025 [ 1579 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13472 Sep 9 2025 [ 1583 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 36800 Sep 9 2025 [ 1590 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 24504 Sep 9 2025 [ 1608 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 25100 Sep 9 2025 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5600 Sep 9 2025 [ 1633 00] geli.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4892 Sep 9 2025 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 39032 Sep 9 2025 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9872 Sep 9 2025 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2796 Sep 9 2025 [ 1664 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4888 Sep 9 2025 [ 1666 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3740 Sep 9 2025 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8756 Sep 9 2025 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4620 Sep 9 2025 [ 1676 00] halt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5164 Sep 9 2025 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6516 Sep 9 2025 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1140 Sep 9 2025 [ 1686 00] hello.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2584 Sep 9 2025 [ 1687 00] help.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3052 Sep 9 2025 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6856 Sep 9 2025 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8124 Sep 9 2025 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2976 Sep 9 2025 [ 1699 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5820 Sep 9 2025 [ 1701 00] http.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2452 Sep 9 2025 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2780 Sep 9 2025 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9252 Sep 9 2025 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6408 Sep 9 2025 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7804 Sep 9 2025 [ 1717 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4268 Sep 9 2025 [ 1721 00] json.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4968 Sep 9 2025 [ 1724 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1832 Sep 9 2025 [ 1727 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6232 Sep 9 2025 [ 1728 00] ldm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14396 Sep 9 2025 [ 1732 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 30080 Sep 9 2025 [ 1740 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13508 Sep 9 2025 [ 1755 00] linux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5520 Sep 9 2025 [ 1762 00] linux16.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5744 Sep 9 2025 [ 1765 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3312 Sep 9 2025 [ 1768 00] loopback.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3868 Sep 9 2025 [ 1770 00] ls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4740 Sep 9 2025 [ 1772 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2236 Sep 9 2025 [ 1775 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1792 Sep 9 2025 [ 1777 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4768 Sep 9 2025 [ 1778 00] lspci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3924 Sep 9 2025 [ 1781 00] luks.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14300 Sep 9 2025 [ 1783 00] luks2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8512 Sep 9 2025 [ 1790 00] lvm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4820 Sep 9 2025 [ 1795 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3212 Sep 9 2025 [ 1798 00] macbless.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7376 Sep 9 2025 [ 1800 00] macho.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2020 Sep 9 2025 [ 1804 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2104 Sep 9 2025 [ 1805 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1964 Sep 9 2025 [ 1807 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1880 Sep 9 2025 [ 1808 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2096 Sep 9 2025 [ 1809 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2796 Sep 9 2025 [ 1811 00] memrw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3568 Sep 9 2025 [ 1813 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3600 Sep 9 2025 [ 1815 00] minix.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3728 Sep 9 2025 [ 1817 00] minix2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3868 Sep 9 2025 [ 1819 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3648 Sep 9 2025 [ 1821 00] minix3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3816 Sep 9 2025 [ 1823 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3736 Sep 9 2025 [ 1825 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8484 Sep 9 2025 [ 1827 00] mmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5791 Sep 9 2025 [ 1832 00] moddep.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2620 Sep 9 2025 [ 1835 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2316 Sep 9 2025 [ 1837 00] morse.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 27480 Sep 9 2025 [ 1839 00] mpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2392 Sep 9 2025 [ 1853 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1972 Sep 9 2025 [ 1855 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14904 Sep 9 2025 [ 1856 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15928 Sep 9 2025 [ 1864 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4148 Sep 9 2025 [ 1872 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 59440 Sep 9 2025 [ 1875 00] net.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3156 Sep 9 2025 [ 1905 00] newc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6740 Sep 9 2025 [ 1907 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 115148 Sep 9 2025 [ 1911 00] normal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10636 Sep 9 2025 [ 1968 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4308 Sep 9 2025 [ 1974 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2504 Sep 9 2025 [ 1977 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2968 Sep 9 2025 [ 1979 00] odc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1444 Sep 9 2025 [ 1981 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10296 Sep 9 2025 [ 1982 00] ohci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1588 Sep 9 2025 [ 1988 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1812 Sep 9 2025 [ 1989 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2052 Sep 9 2025 [ 1990 00] part_app.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2680 Sep 9 2025 [ 1992 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1712 Sep 9 2025 [ 1994 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1424 Sep 9 2025 [ 1995 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2300 Sep 9 2025 [ 1996 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2284 Sep 9 2025 [ 1998 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1732 Sep 9 2025 [ 2000 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1436 Sep 9 2025 [ 2001 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1588 Sep 9 2025 [ 2002 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 111 Sep 9 2025 [ 2003 00] partmap.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17 Sep 9 2025 [ 2004 00] parttool.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4636 Sep 9 2025 [ 2005 00] parttool.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1820 Sep 9 2025 [ 2008 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2732 Sep 9 2025 [ 2009 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4808 Sep 9 2025 [ 2011 00] pata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1312 Sep 9 2025 [ 2014 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2088 Sep 9 2025 [ 2015 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1316 Sep 9 2025 [ 2017 00] pci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2364 Sep 9 2025 [ 2018 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11388 Sep 9 2025 [ 2020 00] pgp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7260 Sep 9 2025 [ 2026 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6268 Sep 9 2025 [ 2030 00] plan9.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2448 Sep 9 2025 [ 2034 00] play.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7984 Sep 9 2025 [ 2036 00] png.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1512 Sep 9 2025 [ 2040 00] priority.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3500 Sep 9 2025 [ 2041 00] probe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2272 Sep 9 2025 [ 2043 00] procfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2144 Sep 9 2025 [ 2045 00] progress.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3672 Sep 9 2025 [ 2047 00] pxe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2608 Sep 9 2025 [ 2049 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1288 Sep 9 2025 [ 2051 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2192 Sep 9 2025 [ 2052 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3668 Sep 9 2025 [ 2054 00] random.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1832 Sep 9 2025 [ 2056 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1764 Sep 9 2025 [ 2057 00] read.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1628 Sep 9 2025 [ 2058 00] reboot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 50916 Sep 9 2025 [ 2059 00] regexp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8680 Sep 9 2025 [ 2084 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15036 Sep 9 2025 [ 2089 00] relocato.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4104 Sep 9 2025 [ 2097 00] romfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4612 Sep 9 2025 [ 2100 00] scsi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3688 Sep 9 2025 [ 2103 00] search.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3128 Sep 9 2025 [ 2105 00] search_0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3192 Sep 9 2025 [ 2107 00] search_1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3124 Sep 9 2025 [ 2109 00] search_l.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6996 Sep 9 2025 [ 2111 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9952 Sep 9 2025 [ 2115 00] serial.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 628 Sep 9 2025 [ 2120 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1624 Sep 9 2025 [ 2121 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5208 Sep 9 2025 [ 2122 00] setpci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5100 Sep 9 2025 [ 2125 00] sfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2424 Sep 9 2025 [ 2128 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6360 Sep 9 2025 [ 2130 00] signatur.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2116 Sep 9 2025 [ 2134 00] sleep.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2312 Sep 9 2025 [ 2136 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5508 Sep 9 2025 [ 2138 00] smbios.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2012 Sep 9 2025 [ 2141 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7208 Sep 9 2025 [ 2142 00] squash4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2112 Sep 9 2025 [ 2146 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17348 Sep 9 2025 [ 2148 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3504 Sep 9 2025 [ 2157 00] tar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 202 Sep 9 2025 [ 2159 00] terminal.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4432 Sep 9 2025 [ 2160 00] terminal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12216 Sep 9 2025 [ 2163 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5208 Sep 9 2025 [ 2169 00] test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1272 Sep 9 2025 [ 2172 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2712 Sep 9 2025 [ 2173 00] testload.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2244 Sep 9 2025 [ 2175 00] testspee.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5360 Sep 9 2025 [ 2177 00] tftp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4592 Sep 9 2025 [ 2180 00] tga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1456 Sep 9 2025 [ 2183 00] time.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2320 Sep 9 2025 [ 2184 00] tr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1656 Sep 9 2025 [ 2186 00] trig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1152 Sep 9 2025 [ 2187 00] true.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3556 Sep 9 2025 [ 2188 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8784 Sep 9 2025 [ 2190 00] udf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5240 Sep 9 2025 [ 2195 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5652 Sep 9 2025 [ 2198 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5352 Sep 9 2025 [ 2201 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6492 Sep 9 2025 [ 2204 00] uhci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10368 Sep 9 2025 [ 2208 00] usb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3740 Sep 9 2025 [ 2214 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6936 Sep 9 2025 [ 2216 00] usbms.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1952 Sep 9 2025 [ 2220 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2272 Sep 9 2025 [ 2221 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2632 Sep 9 2025 [ 2223 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1460 Sep 9 2025 [ 2225 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3560 Sep 9 2025 [ 2226 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9688 Sep 9 2025 [ 2228 00] vbe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2608 Sep 9 2025 [ 2233 00] verifier.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4940 Sep 9 2025 [ 2235 00] vga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2128 Sep 9 2025 [ 2238 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 33 Sep 9 2025 [ 2240 00] video.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5928 Sep 9 2025 [ 2241 00] video.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5548 Sep 9 2025 [ 2244 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6020 Sep 9 2025 [ 2247 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5612 Sep 9 2025 [ 2250 00] video_co.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 21312 Sep 9 2025 [ 2253 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3976 Sep 9 2025 [ 2264 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4216 Sep 9 2025 [ 2266 00] videote0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2280 Sep 9 2025 [ 2269 00] videote1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1448 Sep 9 2025 [ 2271 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8196 Sep 9 2025 [ 2272 00] xfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 27292 Sep 9 2025 [ 2277 00] xnu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2084 Sep 9 2025 [ 2291 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1924 Sep 9 2025 [ 2293 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14948 Sep 9 2025 [ 2294 00] xzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 40888 Sep 9 2025 [ 2302 00] zfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5468 Sep 9 2025 [ 2322 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6484 Sep 9 2025 [ 2325 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 45772 Sep 9 2025 [ 2329 00] zstd.mod;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 43 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 43 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 44 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 44 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,325 +1,325 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 19 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 21 02] boot \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 19 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 21 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] grub \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 21 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 21 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 23 02] fonts \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Oct 12 2026 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Oct 12 2026 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 43 02] locale \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 44 02] roms \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 22 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Sep 9 2025 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Sep 9 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 23 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2411806 Oct 12 2026 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2 \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 23 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2411806 Sep 9 2025 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Oct 12 2026 [ 24 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7820 Oct 12 2026 [ 1228 00] 915resolution.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10576 Oct 12 2026 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1200 Oct 12 2026 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5644 Oct 12 2026 [ 1239 00] affs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6052 Oct 12 2026 [ 1242 00] afs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1508 Oct 12 2026 [ 1245 00] afsplitter.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15608 Oct 12 2026 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 492 Oct 12 2026 [ 1254 00] all_video.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Oct 12 2026 [ 1255 00] aout.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3024 Oct 12 2026 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4116 Oct 12 2026 [ 1258 00] at_keyboard.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5544 Oct 12 2026 [ 1261 00] ata.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1576 Oct 12 2026 [ 1264 00] backtrace.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6768 Oct 12 2026 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4616 Oct 12 2026 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Oct 12 2026 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3596 Oct 12 2026 [ 1274 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2004 Oct 12 2026 [ 1276 00] blocklist.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2628 Oct 12 2026 [ 1277 00] boot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31272 Oct 12 2026 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 Oct 12 2026 [ 1295 00] bswap_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 20048 Oct 12 2026 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 Oct 12 2026 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2816 Oct 12 2026 [ 1309 00] cat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3876 Oct 12 2026 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3336 Oct 12 2026 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2440 Oct 12 2026 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1048 Oct 12 2026 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2752 Oct 12 2026 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3396 Oct 12 2026 [ 1320 00] chain.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2944 Oct 12 2026 [ 1322 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1164 Oct 12 2026 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1824 Oct 12 2026 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2208 Oct 12 2026 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4580 Oct 12 2026 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3931 Oct 12 2026 [ 1331 00] command.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 Oct 12 2026 [ 1333 00] configfile.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2744 Oct 12 2026 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2980 Oct 12 2026 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1652 Oct 12 2026 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1552 Oct 12 2026 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 936 Oct 12 2026 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4896 Oct 12 2026 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14720 Oct 12 2026 [ 1345 00] cryptodisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3584 Oct 12 2026 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1684 Oct 12 2026 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 Oct 12 2026 [ 1356 00] date.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1720 Oct 12 2026 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2148 Oct 12 2026 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2368 Oct 12 2026 [ 1361 00] disk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9816 Oct 12 2026 [ 1363 00] diskfilter.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Oct 12 2026 [ 1368 00] div.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5504 Oct 12 2026 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1768 Oct 12 2026 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5296 Oct 12 2026 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1896 Oct 12 2026 [ 1376 00] echo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 23632 Oct 12 2026 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7644 Oct 12 2026 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11048 Oct 12 2026 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16128 Oct 12 2026 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5844 Oct 12 2026 [ 1407 00] elf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31313 Oct 12 2026 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1368 Oct 12 2026 [ 1426 00] eval.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5988 Oct 12 2026 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1380 Oct 12 2026 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6124 Oct 12 2026 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4620 Oct 12 2026 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6632 Oct 12 2026 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6140 Oct 12 2026 [ 1441 00] fat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17104 Oct 12 2026 [ 1444 00] file.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13836 Oct 12 2026 [ 1453 00] font.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 Oct 12 2026 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 219 Oct 12 2026 [ 1462 00] fs.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2924 Oct 12 2026 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 34148 Oct 12 2026 [ 1465 00] functional_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1580 Oct 12 2026 [ 1482 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7976 Oct 12 2026 [ 1483 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33532 Oct 12 2026 [ 1487 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16304 Oct 12 2026 [ 1504 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10516 Oct 12 2026 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19088 Oct 12 2026 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2180 Oct 12 2026 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2872 Oct 12 2026 [ 1530 00] gcry_idea.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3024 Oct 12 2026 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3632 Oct 12 2026 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2260 Oct 12 2026 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19300 Oct 12 2026 [ 1538 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8200 Oct 12 2026 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1960 Oct 12 2026 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14772 Oct 12 2026 [ 1554 00] gcry_seed.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17740 Oct 12 2026 [ 1562 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8536 Oct 12 2026 [ 1571 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4324 Oct 12 2026 [ 1576 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7724 Oct 12 2026 [ 1579 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13472 Oct 12 2026 [ 1583 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 36800 Oct 12 2026 [ 1590 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 24504 Oct 12 2026 [ 1608 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 25100 Oct 12 2026 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5600 Oct 12 2026 [ 1633 00] geli.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4892 Oct 12 2026 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 39032 Oct 12 2026 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9872 Oct 12 2026 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 Oct 12 2026 [ 1664 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4888 Oct 12 2026 [ 1666 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 Oct 12 2026 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8756 Oct 12 2026 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4620 Oct 12 2026 [ 1676 00] halt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5164 Oct 12 2026 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6516 Oct 12 2026 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1140 Oct 12 2026 [ 1686 00] hello.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2584 Oct 12 2026 [ 1687 00] help.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3052 Oct 12 2026 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6856 Oct 12 2026 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8124 Oct 12 2026 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2976 Oct 12 2026 [ 1699 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5820 Oct 12 2026 [ 1701 00] http.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2452 Oct 12 2026 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2780 Oct 12 2026 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9252 Oct 12 2026 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6408 Oct 12 2026 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7804 Oct 12 2026 [ 1717 00] jpeg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4268 Oct 12 2026 [ 1721 00] json.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4968 Oct 12 2026 [ 1724 00] keylayouts.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1832 Oct 12 2026 [ 1727 00] keystatus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6232 Oct 12 2026 [ 1728 00] ldm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14396 Oct 12 2026 [ 1732 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30080 Oct 12 2026 [ 1740 00] legacycfg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13508 Oct 12 2026 [ 1755 00] linux.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5520 Oct 12 2026 [ 1762 00] linux16.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5744 Oct 12 2026 [ 1765 00] loadenv.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3312 Oct 12 2026 [ 1768 00] loopback.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3868 Oct 12 2026 [ 1770 00] ls.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4740 Oct 12 2026 [ 1772 00] lsacpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2236 Oct 12 2026 [ 1775 00] lsapm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1792 Oct 12 2026 [ 1777 00] lsmmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4768 Oct 12 2026 [ 1778 00] lspci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3924 Oct 12 2026 [ 1781 00] luks.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14300 Oct 12 2026 [ 1783 00] luks2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8512 Oct 12 2026 [ 1790 00] lvm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4820 Oct 12 2026 [ 1795 00] lzopio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3212 Oct 12 2026 [ 1798 00] macbless.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7376 Oct 12 2026 [ 1800 00] macho.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2020 Oct 12 2026 [ 1804 00] mda_text.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2104 Oct 12 2026 [ 1805 00] mdraid09.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1964 Oct 12 2026 [ 1807 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1880 Oct 12 2026 [ 1808 00] mdraid1x.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 Oct 12 2026 [ 1809 00] memdisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 Oct 12 2026 [ 1811 00] memrw.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3568 Oct 12 2026 [ 1813 00] minicmd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3600 Oct 12 2026 [ 1815 00] minix.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3728 Oct 12 2026 [ 1817 00] minix2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3868 Oct 12 2026 [ 1819 00] minix2_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3648 Oct 12 2026 [ 1821 00] minix3.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3816 Oct 12 2026 [ 1823 00] minix3_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3736 Oct 12 2026 [ 1825 00] minix_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8484 Oct 12 2026 [ 1827 00] mmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5791 Oct 12 2026 [ 1832 00] moddep.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2622 Oct 12 2026 [ 1835 00] modinfo.sh \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2316 Oct 12 2026 [ 1837 00] morse.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27480 Oct 12 2026 [ 1839 00] mpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2392 Oct 12 2026 [ 1853 00] msdospart.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1972 Oct 12 2026 [ 1855 00] mul_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14904 Oct 12 2026 [ 1856 00] multiboot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15928 Oct 12 2026 [ 1864 00] multiboot2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4148 Oct 12 2026 [ 1872 00] nativedisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 59440 Oct 12 2026 [ 1875 00] net.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3156 Oct 12 2026 [ 1905 00] newc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6740 Oct 12 2026 [ 1907 00] nilfs2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 115148 Oct 12 2026 [ 1911 00] normal.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10636 Oct 12 2026 [ 1968 00] ntfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4308 Oct 12 2026 [ 1974 00] ntfscomp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2504 Oct 12 2026 [ 1977 00] ntldr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2968 Oct 12 2026 [ 1979 00] odc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1444 Oct 12 2026 [ 1981 00] offsetio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10296 Oct 12 2026 [ 1982 00] ohci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 Oct 12 2026 [ 1988 00] part_acorn.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1812 Oct 12 2026 [ 1989 00] part_amiga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2052 Oct 12 2026 [ 1990 00] part_apple.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 Oct 12 2026 [ 1992 00] part_bsd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1712 Oct 12 2026 [ 1994 00] part_dfly.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1424 Oct 12 2026 [ 1995 00] part_dvh.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 Oct 12 2026 [ 1996 00] part_gpt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 Oct 12 2026 [ 1998 00] part_msdos.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1732 Oct 12 2026 [ 2000 00] part_plan.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1436 Oct 12 2026 [ 2001 00] part_sun.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 Oct 12 2026 [ 2002 00] part_sunpc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 111 Oct 12 2026 [ 2003 00] partmap.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17 Oct 12 2026 [ 2004 00] parttool.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4636 Oct 12 2026 [ 2005 00] parttool.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 Oct 12 2026 [ 2008 00] password.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2732 Oct 12 2026 [ 2009 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4808 Oct 12 2026 [ 2011 00] pata.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1312 Oct 12 2026 [ 2014 00] pbkdf2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2088 Oct 12 2026 [ 2015 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1316 Oct 12 2026 [ 2017 00] pci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2364 Oct 12 2026 [ 2018 00] pcidump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11388 Oct 12 2026 [ 2020 00] pgp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7260 Oct 12 2026 [ 2026 00] plainmount.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6268 Oct 12 2026 [ 2030 00] plan9.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 Oct 12 2026 [ 2034 00] play.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7984 Oct 12 2026 [ 2036 00] png.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1512 Oct 12 2026 [ 2040 00] priority_queue.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3500 Oct 12 2026 [ 2041 00] probe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2272 Oct 12 2026 [ 2043 00] procfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 Oct 12 2026 [ 2045 00] progress.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3672 Oct 12 2026 [ 2047 00] pxe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 Oct 12 2026 [ 2049 00] pxechain.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1288 Oct 12 2026 [ 2051 00] raid5rec.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2192 Oct 12 2026 [ 2052 00] raid6rec.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 Oct 12 2026 [ 2054 00] random.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1832 Oct 12 2026 [ 2056 00] rdmsr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1764 Oct 12 2026 [ 2057 00] read.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1628 Oct 12 2026 [ 2058 00] reboot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 50916 Oct 12 2026 [ 2059 00] regexp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8680 Oct 12 2026 [ 2084 00] reiserfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15036 Oct 12 2026 [ 2089 00] relocator.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4104 Oct 12 2026 [ 2097 00] romfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 Oct 12 2026 [ 2100 00] scsi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3688 Oct 12 2026 [ 2103 00] search.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3128 Oct 12 2026 [ 2105 00] search_fs_file.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3192 Oct 12 2026 [ 2107 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3124 Oct 12 2026 [ 2109 00] search_label.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6996 Oct 12 2026 [ 2111 00] sendkey.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9952 Oct 12 2026 [ 2115 00] serial.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 Oct 12 2026 [ 2120 00] setjmp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 Oct 12 2026 [ 2121 00] setjmp_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5208 Oct 12 2026 [ 2122 00] setpci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5100 Oct 12 2026 [ 2125 00] sfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2424 Oct 12 2026 [ 2128 00] shift_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6360 Oct 12 2026 [ 2130 00] signature_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2116 Oct 12 2026 [ 2134 00] sleep.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2312 Oct 12 2026 [ 2136 00] sleep_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5508 Oct 12 2026 [ 2138 00] smbios.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2012 Oct 12 2026 [ 2141 00] spkmodem.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7208 Oct 12 2026 [ 2142 00] squash4.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 Oct 12 2026 [ 2146 00] strtoull_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17348 Oct 12 2026 [ 2148 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3504 Oct 12 2026 [ 2157 00] tar.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 Oct 12 2026 [ 2159 00] terminal.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4432 Oct 12 2026 [ 2160 00] terminal.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12216 Oct 12 2026 [ 2163 00] terminfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5208 Oct 12 2026 [ 2169 00] test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 Oct 12 2026 [ 2172 00] test_blockarg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2712 Oct 12 2026 [ 2173 00] testload.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2244 Oct 12 2026 [ 2175 00] testspeed.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5360 Oct 12 2026 [ 2177 00] tftp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 Oct 12 2026 [ 2180 00] tga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 Oct 12 2026 [ 2183 00] time.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2320 Oct 12 2026 [ 2184 00] tr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1656 Oct 12 2026 [ 2186 00] trig.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 Oct 12 2026 [ 2187 00] true.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3556 Oct 12 2026 [ 2188 00] truecrypt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8784 Oct 12 2026 [ 2190 00] udf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5240 Oct 12 2026 [ 2195 00] ufs1.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5652 Oct 12 2026 [ 2198 00] ufs1_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5352 Oct 12 2026 [ 2201 00] ufs2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6492 Oct 12 2026 [ 2204 00] uhci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10368 Oct 12 2026 [ 2208 00] usb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 Oct 12 2026 [ 2214 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6936 Oct 12 2026 [ 2216 00] usbms.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1952 Oct 12 2026 [ 2220 00] usbserial_common.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2272 Oct 12 2026 [ 2221 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 Oct 12 2026 [ 2223 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 Oct 12 2026 [ 2225 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3560 Oct 12 2026 [ 2226 00] usbtest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9688 Oct 12 2026 [ 2228 00] vbe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 Oct 12 2026 [ 2233 00] verifiers.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4940 Oct 12 2026 [ 2235 00] vga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2128 Oct 12 2026 [ 2238 00] vga_text.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 Oct 12 2026 [ 2240 00] video.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5928 Oct 12 2026 [ 2241 00] video.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5548 Oct 12 2026 [ 2244 00] video_bochs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6020 Oct 12 2026 [ 2247 00] video_cirrus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5612 Oct 12 2026 [ 2250 00] video_colors.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 21312 Oct 12 2026 [ 2253 00] video_fb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3976 Oct 12 2026 [ 2264 00] videoinfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 Oct 12 2026 [ 2266 00] videotest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 Oct 12 2026 [ 2269 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 Oct 12 2026 [ 2271 00] wrmsr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8196 Oct 12 2026 [ 2272 00] xfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27292 Oct 12 2026 [ 2277 00] xnu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 Oct 12 2026 [ 2291 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 Oct 12 2026 [ 2293 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14948 Oct 12 2026 [ 2294 00] xzio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40888 Oct 12 2026 [ 2302 00] zfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5468 Oct 12 2026 [ 2322 00] zfscrypt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6484 Oct 12 2026 [ 2325 00] zfsinfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45772 Oct 12 2026 [ 2329 00] zstd.mod \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Sep 9 2025 [ 24 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7820 Sep 9 2025 [ 1228 00] 915resolution.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10576 Sep 9 2025 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1200 Sep 9 2025 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5644 Sep 9 2025 [ 1239 00] affs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6052 Sep 9 2025 [ 1242 00] afs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1508 Sep 9 2025 [ 1245 00] afsplitter.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15608 Sep 9 2025 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 492 Sep 9 2025 [ 1254 00] all_video.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Sep 9 2025 [ 1255 00] aout.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3024 Sep 9 2025 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4116 Sep 9 2025 [ 1258 00] at_keyboard.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5544 Sep 9 2025 [ 1261 00] ata.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1576 Sep 9 2025 [ 1264 00] backtrace.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6768 Sep 9 2025 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4616 Sep 9 2025 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Sep 9 2025 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3596 Sep 9 2025 [ 1274 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2004 Sep 9 2025 [ 1276 00] blocklist.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2628 Sep 9 2025 [ 1277 00] boot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31272 Sep 9 2025 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 Sep 9 2025 [ 1295 00] bswap_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 20048 Sep 9 2025 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 Sep 9 2025 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2816 Sep 9 2025 [ 1309 00] cat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3876 Sep 9 2025 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3336 Sep 9 2025 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2440 Sep 9 2025 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1048 Sep 9 2025 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2752 Sep 9 2025 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3396 Sep 9 2025 [ 1320 00] chain.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2944 Sep 9 2025 [ 1322 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1164 Sep 9 2025 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1824 Sep 9 2025 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2208 Sep 9 2025 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4580 Sep 9 2025 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3931 Sep 9 2025 [ 1331 00] command.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 Sep 9 2025 [ 1333 00] configfile.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2744 Sep 9 2025 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2980 Sep 9 2025 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1652 Sep 9 2025 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1552 Sep 9 2025 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 936 Sep 9 2025 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4896 Sep 9 2025 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14720 Sep 9 2025 [ 1345 00] cryptodisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3584 Sep 9 2025 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1684 Sep 9 2025 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 Sep 9 2025 [ 1356 00] date.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1720 Sep 9 2025 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2148 Sep 9 2025 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2368 Sep 9 2025 [ 1361 00] disk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9816 Sep 9 2025 [ 1363 00] diskfilter.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Sep 9 2025 [ 1368 00] div.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5504 Sep 9 2025 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1768 Sep 9 2025 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5296 Sep 9 2025 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1896 Sep 9 2025 [ 1376 00] echo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 23632 Sep 9 2025 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7644 Sep 9 2025 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11048 Sep 9 2025 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16128 Sep 9 2025 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5844 Sep 9 2025 [ 1407 00] elf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31313 Sep 9 2025 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1368 Sep 9 2025 [ 1426 00] eval.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5988 Sep 9 2025 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1380 Sep 9 2025 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6124 Sep 9 2025 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4620 Sep 9 2025 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6632 Sep 9 2025 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6140 Sep 9 2025 [ 1441 00] fat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17104 Sep 9 2025 [ 1444 00] file.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13836 Sep 9 2025 [ 1453 00] font.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 Sep 9 2025 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 219 Sep 9 2025 [ 1462 00] fs.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2924 Sep 9 2025 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 34148 Sep 9 2025 [ 1465 00] functional_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1580 Sep 9 2025 [ 1482 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7976 Sep 9 2025 [ 1483 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33532 Sep 9 2025 [ 1487 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16304 Sep 9 2025 [ 1504 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10516 Sep 9 2025 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19088 Sep 9 2025 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2180 Sep 9 2025 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2872 Sep 9 2025 [ 1530 00] gcry_idea.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3024 Sep 9 2025 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3632 Sep 9 2025 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2260 Sep 9 2025 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19300 Sep 9 2025 [ 1538 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8200 Sep 9 2025 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1960 Sep 9 2025 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14772 Sep 9 2025 [ 1554 00] gcry_seed.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17740 Sep 9 2025 [ 1562 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8536 Sep 9 2025 [ 1571 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4324 Sep 9 2025 [ 1576 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7724 Sep 9 2025 [ 1579 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13472 Sep 9 2025 [ 1583 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 36800 Sep 9 2025 [ 1590 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 24504 Sep 9 2025 [ 1608 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 25100 Sep 9 2025 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5600 Sep 9 2025 [ 1633 00] geli.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4892 Sep 9 2025 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 39032 Sep 9 2025 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9872 Sep 9 2025 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 Sep 9 2025 [ 1664 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4888 Sep 9 2025 [ 1666 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 Sep 9 2025 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8756 Sep 9 2025 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4620 Sep 9 2025 [ 1676 00] halt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5164 Sep 9 2025 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6516 Sep 9 2025 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1140 Sep 9 2025 [ 1686 00] hello.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2584 Sep 9 2025 [ 1687 00] help.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3052 Sep 9 2025 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6856 Sep 9 2025 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8124 Sep 9 2025 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2976 Sep 9 2025 [ 1699 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5820 Sep 9 2025 [ 1701 00] http.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2452 Sep 9 2025 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2780 Sep 9 2025 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9252 Sep 9 2025 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6408 Sep 9 2025 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7804 Sep 9 2025 [ 1717 00] jpeg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4268 Sep 9 2025 [ 1721 00] json.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4968 Sep 9 2025 [ 1724 00] keylayouts.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1832 Sep 9 2025 [ 1727 00] keystatus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6232 Sep 9 2025 [ 1728 00] ldm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14396 Sep 9 2025 [ 1732 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30080 Sep 9 2025 [ 1740 00] legacycfg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13508 Sep 9 2025 [ 1755 00] linux.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5520 Sep 9 2025 [ 1762 00] linux16.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5744 Sep 9 2025 [ 1765 00] loadenv.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3312 Sep 9 2025 [ 1768 00] loopback.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3868 Sep 9 2025 [ 1770 00] ls.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4740 Sep 9 2025 [ 1772 00] lsacpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2236 Sep 9 2025 [ 1775 00] lsapm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1792 Sep 9 2025 [ 1777 00] lsmmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4768 Sep 9 2025 [ 1778 00] lspci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3924 Sep 9 2025 [ 1781 00] luks.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14300 Sep 9 2025 [ 1783 00] luks2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8512 Sep 9 2025 [ 1790 00] lvm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4820 Sep 9 2025 [ 1795 00] lzopio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3212 Sep 9 2025 [ 1798 00] macbless.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7376 Sep 9 2025 [ 1800 00] macho.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2020 Sep 9 2025 [ 1804 00] mda_text.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2104 Sep 9 2025 [ 1805 00] mdraid09.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1964 Sep 9 2025 [ 1807 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1880 Sep 9 2025 [ 1808 00] mdraid1x.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 Sep 9 2025 [ 1809 00] memdisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 Sep 9 2025 [ 1811 00] memrw.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3568 Sep 9 2025 [ 1813 00] minicmd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3600 Sep 9 2025 [ 1815 00] minix.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3728 Sep 9 2025 [ 1817 00] minix2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3868 Sep 9 2025 [ 1819 00] minix2_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3648 Sep 9 2025 [ 1821 00] minix3.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3816 Sep 9 2025 [ 1823 00] minix3_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3736 Sep 9 2025 [ 1825 00] minix_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8484 Sep 9 2025 [ 1827 00] mmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5791 Sep 9 2025 [ 1832 00] moddep.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2620 Sep 9 2025 [ 1835 00] modinfo.sh \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2316 Sep 9 2025 [ 1837 00] morse.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27480 Sep 9 2025 [ 1839 00] mpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2392 Sep 9 2025 [ 1853 00] msdospart.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1972 Sep 9 2025 [ 1855 00] mul_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14904 Sep 9 2025 [ 1856 00] multiboot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15928 Sep 9 2025 [ 1864 00] multiboot2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4148 Sep 9 2025 [ 1872 00] nativedisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 59440 Sep 9 2025 [ 1875 00] net.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3156 Sep 9 2025 [ 1905 00] newc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6740 Sep 9 2025 [ 1907 00] nilfs2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 115148 Sep 9 2025 [ 1911 00] normal.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10636 Sep 9 2025 [ 1968 00] ntfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4308 Sep 9 2025 [ 1974 00] ntfscomp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2504 Sep 9 2025 [ 1977 00] ntldr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2968 Sep 9 2025 [ 1979 00] odc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1444 Sep 9 2025 [ 1981 00] offsetio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10296 Sep 9 2025 [ 1982 00] ohci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 Sep 9 2025 [ 1988 00] part_acorn.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1812 Sep 9 2025 [ 1989 00] part_amiga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2052 Sep 9 2025 [ 1990 00] part_apple.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 Sep 9 2025 [ 1992 00] part_bsd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1712 Sep 9 2025 [ 1994 00] part_dfly.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1424 Sep 9 2025 [ 1995 00] part_dvh.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 Sep 9 2025 [ 1996 00] part_gpt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 Sep 9 2025 [ 1998 00] part_msdos.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1732 Sep 9 2025 [ 2000 00] part_plan.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1436 Sep 9 2025 [ 2001 00] part_sun.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 Sep 9 2025 [ 2002 00] part_sunpc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 111 Sep 9 2025 [ 2003 00] partmap.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17 Sep 9 2025 [ 2004 00] parttool.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4636 Sep 9 2025 [ 2005 00] parttool.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 Sep 9 2025 [ 2008 00] password.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2732 Sep 9 2025 [ 2009 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4808 Sep 9 2025 [ 2011 00] pata.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1312 Sep 9 2025 [ 2014 00] pbkdf2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2088 Sep 9 2025 [ 2015 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1316 Sep 9 2025 [ 2017 00] pci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2364 Sep 9 2025 [ 2018 00] pcidump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11388 Sep 9 2025 [ 2020 00] pgp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7260 Sep 9 2025 [ 2026 00] plainmount.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6268 Sep 9 2025 [ 2030 00] plan9.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 Sep 9 2025 [ 2034 00] play.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7984 Sep 9 2025 [ 2036 00] png.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1512 Sep 9 2025 [ 2040 00] priority_queue.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3500 Sep 9 2025 [ 2041 00] probe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2272 Sep 9 2025 [ 2043 00] procfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 Sep 9 2025 [ 2045 00] progress.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3672 Sep 9 2025 [ 2047 00] pxe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 Sep 9 2025 [ 2049 00] pxechain.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1288 Sep 9 2025 [ 2051 00] raid5rec.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2192 Sep 9 2025 [ 2052 00] raid6rec.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 Sep 9 2025 [ 2054 00] random.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1832 Sep 9 2025 [ 2056 00] rdmsr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1764 Sep 9 2025 [ 2057 00] read.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1628 Sep 9 2025 [ 2058 00] reboot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 50916 Sep 9 2025 [ 2059 00] regexp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8680 Sep 9 2025 [ 2084 00] reiserfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15036 Sep 9 2025 [ 2089 00] relocator.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4104 Sep 9 2025 [ 2097 00] romfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 Sep 9 2025 [ 2100 00] scsi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3688 Sep 9 2025 [ 2103 00] search.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3128 Sep 9 2025 [ 2105 00] search_fs_file.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3192 Sep 9 2025 [ 2107 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3124 Sep 9 2025 [ 2109 00] search_label.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6996 Sep 9 2025 [ 2111 00] sendkey.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9952 Sep 9 2025 [ 2115 00] serial.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 Sep 9 2025 [ 2120 00] setjmp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 Sep 9 2025 [ 2121 00] setjmp_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5208 Sep 9 2025 [ 2122 00] setpci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5100 Sep 9 2025 [ 2125 00] sfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2424 Sep 9 2025 [ 2128 00] shift_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6360 Sep 9 2025 [ 2130 00] signature_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2116 Sep 9 2025 [ 2134 00] sleep.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2312 Sep 9 2025 [ 2136 00] sleep_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5508 Sep 9 2025 [ 2138 00] smbios.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2012 Sep 9 2025 [ 2141 00] spkmodem.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7208 Sep 9 2025 [ 2142 00] squash4.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 Sep 9 2025 [ 2146 00] strtoull_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17348 Sep 9 2025 [ 2148 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3504 Sep 9 2025 [ 2157 00] tar.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 Sep 9 2025 [ 2159 00] terminal.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4432 Sep 9 2025 [ 2160 00] terminal.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12216 Sep 9 2025 [ 2163 00] terminfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5208 Sep 9 2025 [ 2169 00] test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 Sep 9 2025 [ 2172 00] test_blockarg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2712 Sep 9 2025 [ 2173 00] testload.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2244 Sep 9 2025 [ 2175 00] testspeed.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5360 Sep 9 2025 [ 2177 00] tftp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 Sep 9 2025 [ 2180 00] tga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 Sep 9 2025 [ 2183 00] time.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2320 Sep 9 2025 [ 2184 00] tr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1656 Sep 9 2025 [ 2186 00] trig.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 Sep 9 2025 [ 2187 00] true.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3556 Sep 9 2025 [ 2188 00] truecrypt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8784 Sep 9 2025 [ 2190 00] udf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5240 Sep 9 2025 [ 2195 00] ufs1.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5652 Sep 9 2025 [ 2198 00] ufs1_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5352 Sep 9 2025 [ 2201 00] ufs2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6492 Sep 9 2025 [ 2204 00] uhci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10368 Sep 9 2025 [ 2208 00] usb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 Sep 9 2025 [ 2214 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6936 Sep 9 2025 [ 2216 00] usbms.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1952 Sep 9 2025 [ 2220 00] usbserial_common.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2272 Sep 9 2025 [ 2221 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 Sep 9 2025 [ 2223 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 Sep 9 2025 [ 2225 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3560 Sep 9 2025 [ 2226 00] usbtest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9688 Sep 9 2025 [ 2228 00] vbe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 Sep 9 2025 [ 2233 00] verifiers.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4940 Sep 9 2025 [ 2235 00] vga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2128 Sep 9 2025 [ 2238 00] vga_text.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 Sep 9 2025 [ 2240 00] video.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5928 Sep 9 2025 [ 2241 00] video.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5548 Sep 9 2025 [ 2244 00] video_bochs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6020 Sep 9 2025 [ 2247 00] video_cirrus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5612 Sep 9 2025 [ 2250 00] video_colors.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 21312 Sep 9 2025 [ 2253 00] video_fb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3976 Sep 9 2025 [ 2264 00] videoinfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 Sep 9 2025 [ 2266 00] videotest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 Sep 9 2025 [ 2269 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 Sep 9 2025 [ 2271 00] wrmsr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8196 Sep 9 2025 [ 2272 00] xfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27292 Sep 9 2025 [ 2277 00] xnu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 Sep 9 2025 [ 2291 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 Sep 9 2025 [ 2293 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14948 Sep 9 2025 [ 2294 00] xzio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40888 Sep 9 2025 [ 2302 00] zfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5468 Sep 9 2025 [ 2322 00] zfscrypt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6484 Sep 9 2025 [ 2325 00] zfsinfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45772 Sep 9 2025 [ 2329 00] zstd.mod \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 43 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 43 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 44 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] .. 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boot/grub/i386-pc/priority_queue.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3500 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/probe.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2272 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/procfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/progress.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3672 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pxe.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pxechain.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1288 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/raid5rec.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2192 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/raid6rec.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/random.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1832 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/rdmsr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1764 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/read.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1628 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/reboot.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 50916 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/regexp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8680 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/reiserfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15036 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/relocator.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4104 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/romfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/scsi.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3688 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3128 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_fs_file.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3192 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_fs_uuid.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3124 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_label.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6996 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sendkey.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9952 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/serial.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setjmp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setjmp_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5208 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setpci.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5100 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2424 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/shift_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6360 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/signature_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2116 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sleep.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2312 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sleep_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5508 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/smbios.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2012 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/spkmodem.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7208 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/squash4.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/strtoull_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17348 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/syslinuxcfg.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3504 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tar.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminal.lst\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4432 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminal.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12216 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5208 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/test_blockarg.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2712 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/testload.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2244 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/testspeed.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5360 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tftp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tga.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/time.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2320 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1656 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/trig.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/true.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3556 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/truecrypt.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8784 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/udf.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5240 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs1.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5652 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs1_be.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5352 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs2.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6492 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/uhci.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10368 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usb.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usb_keyboard.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6936 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbms.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1952 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_common.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2272 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_ftdi.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_pl2303.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_usbdebug.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3560 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbtest.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9688 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vbe.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/verifiers.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4940 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2128 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga_text.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.lst\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5928 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5548 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_bochs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6020 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_cirrus.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5612 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_colors.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 21312 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_fb.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3976 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videoinfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest_checksum.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/wrmsr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8196 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27292 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14948 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xzio.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40888 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5468 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfscrypt.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6484 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfsinfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45772 2025-09-09 14:07:19.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zstd.mod\n"}, {"source1": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-floppy.img", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-floppy.img", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,324 +1,324 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 19 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 21 02] boot \n----------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 19 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n+---------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 21 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] grub \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 21 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 21 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 23 02] fonts \n----------- 0 0 0 1705 Oct 12 2026 [ 49 00] grub.cfg;1 \n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Oct 12 2026 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 43 02] locale \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 44 02] roms \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 22 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n+---------- 0 0 0 1705 Sep 9 2025 [ 49 00] grub.cfg;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Sep 9 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 23 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 23 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Oct 12 2026 [ 24 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 3588 Oct 12 2026 [ 50 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4328 Oct 12 2026 [ 52 00] acpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 552 Oct 12 2026 [ 55 00] adler32.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2664 Oct 12 2026 [ 56 00] affs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3200 Oct 12 2026 [ 58 00] afs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 836 Oct 12 2026 [ 60 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5056 Oct 12 2026 [ 61 00] ahci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 240 Oct 12 2026 [ 64 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 500 Oct 12 2026 [ 65 00] aout.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1664 Oct 12 2026 [ 66 00] archelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2024 Oct 12 2026 [ 67 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2708 Oct 12 2026 [ 68 00] ata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 756 Oct 12 2026 [ 70 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3616 Oct 12 2026 [ 71 00] bfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2532 Oct 12 2026 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1156 Oct 12 2026 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2024 Oct 12 2026 [ 76 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1084 Oct 12 2026 [ 77 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1180 Oct 12 2026 [ 78 00] boot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12580 Oct 12 2026 [ 79 00] bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1064 Oct 12 2026 [ 86 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9248 Oct 12 2026 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1112 Oct 12 2026 [ 92 00] bufio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1364 Oct 12 2026 [ 93 00] cat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1860 Oct 12 2026 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1184 Oct 12 2026 [ 95 00] cbls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 980 Oct 12 2026 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 544 Oct 12 2026 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1116 Oct 12 2026 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1576 Oct 12 2026 [ 99 00] chain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1164 Oct 12 2026 [ 100 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 568 Oct 12 2026 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 860 Oct 12 2026 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1016 Oct 12 2026 [ 103 00] cmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1788 Oct 12 2026 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1476 Oct 12 2026 [ 105 00] command.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 852 Oct 12 2026 [ 106 00] configfi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1332 Oct 12 2026 [ 107 00] cpio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1484 Oct 12 2026 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 724 Oct 12 2026 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 784 Oct 12 2026 [ 110 00] crc64.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 420 Oct 12 2026 [ 111 00] crypto.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2320 Oct 12 2026 [ 112 00] crypto.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6792 Oct 12 2026 [ 114 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1480 Oct 12 2026 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 816 Oct 12 2026 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1028 Oct 12 2026 [ 120 00] date.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 716 Oct 12 2026 [ 121 00] datehook.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1100 Oct 12 2026 [ 122 00] datetime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1304 Oct 12 2026 [ 123 00] disk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5284 Oct 12 2026 [ 124 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 508 Oct 12 2026 [ 127 00] div.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2236 Oct 12 2026 [ 128 00] div_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 844 Oct 12 2026 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2420 Oct 12 2026 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 892 Oct 12 2026 [ 133 00] echo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9392 Oct 12 2026 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3188 Oct 12 2026 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3736 Oct 12 2026 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6056 Oct 12 2026 [ 143 00] ehci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2468 Oct 12 2026 [ 146 00] elf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 48383 Oct 12 2026 [ 148 00] eltorito.img;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 656 Oct 12 2026 [ 172 00] eval.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3380 Oct 12 2026 [ 173 00] exfat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 560 Oct 12 2026 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3232 Oct 12 2026 [ 176 00] ext2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2440 Oct 12 2026 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3480 Oct 12 2026 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3588 Oct 12 2026 [ 182 00] fat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5852 Oct 12 2026 [ 184 00] file.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6588 Oct 12 2026 [ 187 00] font.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1164 Oct 12 2026 [ 191 00] freedos.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 208 Oct 12 2026 [ 192 00] fs.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1772 Oct 12 2026 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8504 Oct 12 2026 [ 194 00] function.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 792 Oct 12 2026 [ 199 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5516 Oct 12 2026 [ 200 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8428 Oct 12 2026 [ 203 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10644 Oct 12 2026 [ 208 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8612 Oct 12 2026 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4084 Oct 12 2026 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 944 Oct 12 2026 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1512 Oct 12 2026 [ 222 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1440 Oct 12 2026 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1820 Oct 12 2026 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1308 Oct 12 2026 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7600 Oct 12 2026 [ 226 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2732 Oct 12 2026 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 892 Oct 12 2026 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4508 Oct 12 2026 [ 233 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5336 Oct 12 2026 [ 236 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3156 Oct 12 2026 [ 239 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2088 Oct 12 2026 [ 241 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2956 Oct 12 2026 [ 243 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10688 Oct 12 2026 [ 245 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9848 Oct 12 2026 [ 251 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6056 Oct 12 2026 [ 256 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3780 Oct 12 2026 [ 259 00] gdb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2552 Oct 12 2026 [ 261 00] geli.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2132 Oct 12 2026 [ 263 00] gettext.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15616 Oct 12 2026 [ 265 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3880 Oct 12 2026 [ 273 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 Oct 12 2026 [ 275 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1852 Oct 12 2026 [ 276 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1816 Oct 12 2026 [ 277 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4500 Oct 12 2026 [ 278 00] gzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2200 Oct 12 2026 [ 281 00] halt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2136 Oct 12 2026 [ 283 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2892 Oct 12 2026 [ 285 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 496 Oct 12 2026 [ 287 00] hello.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1264 Oct 12 2026 [ 288 00] help.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1452 Oct 12 2026 [ 289 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3744 Oct 12 2026 [ 290 00] hfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4156 Oct 12 2026 [ 292 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1532 Oct 12 2026 [ 295 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2728 Oct 12 2026 [ 296 00] http.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1168 Oct 12 2026 [ 298 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1132 Oct 12 2026 [ 299 00] iorw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4748 Oct 12 2026 [ 300 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3456 Oct 12 2026 [ 303 00] jfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4004 Oct 12 2026 [ 305 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2532 Oct 12 2026 [ 307 00] json.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1404 Oct 12 2026 [ 309 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 772 Oct 12 2026 [ 310 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2852 Oct 12 2026 [ 311 00] ldm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 908 Oct 12 2026 [ 313 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11100 Oct 12 2026 [ 314 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6156 Oct 12 2026 [ 320 00] linux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2608 Oct 12 2026 [ 324 00] linux16.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2828 Oct 12 2026 [ 326 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1516 Oct 12 2026 [ 328 00] loopback.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1688 Oct 12 2026 [ 329 00] ls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2072 Oct 12 2026 [ 330 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 980 Oct 12 2026 [ 332 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 812 Oct 12 2026 [ 333 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1772 Oct 12 2026 [ 334 00] lspci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1828 Oct 12 2026 [ 335 00] luks.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6016 Oct 12 2026 [ 336 00] luks2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3964 Oct 12 2026 [ 339 00] lvm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2716 Oct 12 2026 [ 341 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1600 Oct 12 2026 [ 343 00] macbless.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3240 Oct 12 2026 [ 344 00] macho.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 976 Oct 12 2026 [ 346 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 940 Oct 12 2026 [ 347 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 964 Oct 12 2026 [ 348 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 916 Oct 12 2026 [ 349 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 980 Oct 12 2026 [ 350 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1136 Oct 12 2026 [ 351 00] memrw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1568 Oct 12 2026 [ 352 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2012 Oct 12 2026 [ 353 00] minix.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2108 Oct 12 2026 [ 354 00] minix2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2172 Oct 12 2026 [ 356 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2060 Oct 12 2026 [ 358 00] minix3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2136 Oct 12 2026 [ 360 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2080 Oct 12 2026 [ 362 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4140 Oct 12 2026 [ 364 00] mmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2124 Oct 12 2026 [ 367 00] moddep.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1288 Oct 12 2026 [ 369 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 716 Oct 12 2026 [ 370 00] morse.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12648 Oct 12 2026 [ 371 00] mpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1080 Oct 12 2026 [ 378 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 948 Oct 12 2026 [ 379 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6708 Oct 12 2026 [ 380 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7080 Oct 12 2026 [ 384 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1924 Oct 12 2026 [ 388 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 25544 Oct 12 2026 [ 389 00] net.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1552 Oct 12 2026 [ 402 00] newc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3360 Oct 12 2026 [ 403 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 44868 Oct 12 2026 [ 405 00] normal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5784 Oct 12 2026 [ 427 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2480 Oct 12 2026 [ 430 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1076 Oct 12 2026 [ 432 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1460 Oct 12 2026 [ 433 00] odc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 692 Oct 12 2026 [ 434 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4448 Oct 12 2026 [ 435 00] ohci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 816 Oct 12 2026 [ 438 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 900 Oct 12 2026 [ 439 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 980 Oct 12 2026 [ 440 00] part_app.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1276 Oct 12 2026 [ 441 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 860 Oct 12 2026 [ 442 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 708 Oct 12 2026 [ 443 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1104 Oct 12 2026 [ 444 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1204 Oct 12 2026 [ 445 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 852 Oct 12 2026 [ 446 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 732 Oct 12 2026 [ 447 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 776 Oct 12 2026 [ 448 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 120 Oct 12 2026 [ 449 00] partmap.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 72 Oct 12 2026 [ 450 00] parttool.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2088 Oct 12 2026 [ 451 00] parttool.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 836 Oct 12 2026 [ 453 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1304 Oct 12 2026 [ 454 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2340 Oct 12 2026 [ 455 00] pata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 688 Oct 12 2026 [ 457 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 928 Oct 12 2026 [ 458 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 724 Oct 12 2026 [ 459 00] pci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 Oct 12 2026 [ 460 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4752 Oct 12 2026 [ 461 00] pgp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3132 Oct 12 2026 [ 464 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3028 Oct 12 2026 [ 466 00] plan9.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1224 Oct 12 2026 [ 468 00] play.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4096 Oct 12 2026 [ 469 00] png.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 800 Oct 12 2026 [ 471 00] priority.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1472 Oct 12 2026 [ 472 00] probe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 964 Oct 12 2026 [ 473 00] procfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1104 Oct 12 2026 [ 474 00] progress.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1552 Oct 12 2026 [ 475 00] pxe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1136 Oct 12 2026 [ 476 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 700 Oct 12 2026 [ 477 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1228 Oct 12 2026 [ 478 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1752 Oct 12 2026 [ 479 00] random.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 852 Oct 12 2026 [ 480 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 780 Oct 12 2026 [ 481 00] read.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 740 Oct 12 2026 [ 482 00] reboot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 26996 Oct 12 2026 [ 483 00] regexp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4288 Oct 12 2026 [ 497 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6716 Oct 12 2026 [ 500 00] relocato.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2156 Oct 12 2026 [ 504 00] romfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2280 Oct 12 2026 [ 506 00] scsi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1424 Oct 12 2026 [ 508 00] search.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1520 Oct 12 2026 [ 509 00] search_0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1616 Oct 12 2026 [ 510 00] search_1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1524 Oct 12 2026 [ 511 00] search_l.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2584 Oct 12 2026 [ 512 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4240 Oct 12 2026 [ 514 00] serial.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 304 Oct 12 2026 [ 517 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 680 Oct 12 2026 [ 518 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2212 Oct 12 2026 [ 519 00] setpci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2612 Oct 12 2026 [ 521 00] sfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1124 Oct 12 2026 [ 523 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4272 Oct 12 2026 [ 524 00] signatur.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 916 Oct 12 2026 [ 527 00] sleep.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1152 Oct 12 2026 [ 528 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2340 Oct 12 2026 [ 529 00] smbios.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 804 Oct 12 2026 [ 531 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3796 Oct 12 2026 [ 532 00] squash4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 920 Oct 12 2026 [ 534 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7212 Oct 12 2026 [ 535 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1724 Oct 12 2026 [ 539 00] tar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 168 Oct 12 2026 [ 540 00] terminal.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1784 Oct 12 2026 [ 541 00] terminal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5156 Oct 12 2026 [ 542 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2320 Oct 12 2026 [ 545 00] test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 580 Oct 12 2026 [ 547 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1252 Oct 12 2026 [ 548 00] testload.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1024 Oct 12 2026 [ 549 00] testspee.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2324 Oct 12 2026 [ 550 00] tftp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1804 Oct 12 2026 [ 552 00] tga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 688 Oct 12 2026 [ 553 00] time.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1084 Oct 12 2026 [ 554 00] tr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 788 Oct 12 2026 [ 555 00] trig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 504 Oct 12 2026 [ 556 00] true.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1556 Oct 12 2026 [ 557 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4532 Oct 12 2026 [ 558 00] udf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2660 Oct 12 2026 [ 561 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2880 Oct 12 2026 [ 563 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2756 Oct 12 2026 [ 565 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2976 Oct 12 2026 [ 567 00] uhci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5164 Oct 12 2026 [ 569 00] usb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1812 Oct 12 2026 [ 572 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2808 Oct 12 2026 [ 573 00] usbms.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 960 Oct 12 2026 [ 575 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1008 Oct 12 2026 [ 576 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1064 Oct 12 2026 [ 577 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 620 Oct 12 2026 [ 578 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1788 Oct 12 2026 [ 579 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4092 Oct 12 2026 [ 580 00] vbe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1288 Oct 12 2026 [ 582 00] verifier.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1892 Oct 12 2026 [ 583 00] vga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1016 Oct 12 2026 [ 584 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 88 Oct 12 2026 [ 585 00] video.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2312 Oct 12 2026 [ 586 00] video.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2128 Oct 12 2026 [ 588 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2328 Oct 12 2026 [ 590 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2276 Oct 12 2026 [ 592 00] video_co.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9336 Oct 12 2026 [ 594 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1708 Oct 12 2026 [ 599 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1656 Oct 12 2026 [ 600 00] videote0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 888 Oct 12 2026 [ 601 00] videote1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 728 Oct 12 2026 [ 602 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4088 Oct 12 2026 [ 603 00] xfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11300 Oct 12 2026 [ 605 00] xnu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 972 Oct 12 2026 [ 611 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 812 Oct 12 2026 [ 612 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8072 Oct 12 2026 [ 613 00] xzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19096 Oct 12 2026 [ 617 00] zfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2728 Oct 12 2026 [ 627 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2540 Oct 12 2026 [ 629 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19312 Oct 12 2026 [ 631 00] zstd.mod;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Sep 9 2025 [ 24 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 3588 Sep 9 2025 [ 50 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4328 Sep 9 2025 [ 52 00] acpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 552 Sep 9 2025 [ 55 00] adler32.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2664 Sep 9 2025 [ 56 00] affs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3200 Sep 9 2025 [ 58 00] afs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 836 Sep 9 2025 [ 60 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5056 Sep 9 2025 [ 61 00] ahci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 240 Sep 9 2025 [ 64 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 500 Sep 9 2025 [ 65 00] aout.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1664 Sep 9 2025 [ 66 00] archelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2024 Sep 9 2025 [ 67 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2708 Sep 9 2025 [ 68 00] ata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 756 Sep 9 2025 [ 70 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3616 Sep 9 2025 [ 71 00] bfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2532 Sep 9 2025 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1156 Sep 9 2025 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2024 Sep 9 2025 [ 76 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1084 Sep 9 2025 [ 77 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1180 Sep 9 2025 [ 78 00] boot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12580 Sep 9 2025 [ 79 00] bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1064 Sep 9 2025 [ 86 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9248 Sep 9 2025 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1112 Sep 9 2025 [ 92 00] bufio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1364 Sep 9 2025 [ 93 00] cat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1860 Sep 9 2025 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1184 Sep 9 2025 [ 95 00] cbls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 980 Sep 9 2025 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 544 Sep 9 2025 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1116 Sep 9 2025 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1576 Sep 9 2025 [ 99 00] chain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1164 Sep 9 2025 [ 100 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 568 Sep 9 2025 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 860 Sep 9 2025 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1016 Sep 9 2025 [ 103 00] cmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1788 Sep 9 2025 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1476 Sep 9 2025 [ 105 00] command.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 852 Sep 9 2025 [ 106 00] configfi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1332 Sep 9 2025 [ 107 00] cpio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1484 Sep 9 2025 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 724 Sep 9 2025 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 784 Sep 9 2025 [ 110 00] crc64.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 420 Sep 9 2025 [ 111 00] crypto.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2320 Sep 9 2025 [ 112 00] crypto.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6792 Sep 9 2025 [ 114 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1480 Sep 9 2025 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 816 Sep 9 2025 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1028 Sep 9 2025 [ 120 00] date.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 716 Sep 9 2025 [ 121 00] datehook.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1100 Sep 9 2025 [ 122 00] datetime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1304 Sep 9 2025 [ 123 00] disk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5284 Sep 9 2025 [ 124 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 508 Sep 9 2025 [ 127 00] div.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2236 Sep 9 2025 [ 128 00] div_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 844 Sep 9 2025 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2420 Sep 9 2025 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 892 Sep 9 2025 [ 133 00] echo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9392 Sep 9 2025 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3188 Sep 9 2025 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3736 Sep 9 2025 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6056 Sep 9 2025 [ 143 00] ehci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2468 Sep 9 2025 [ 146 00] elf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 48383 Sep 9 2025 [ 148 00] eltorito.img;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 656 Sep 9 2025 [ 172 00] eval.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3380 Sep 9 2025 [ 173 00] exfat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 560 Sep 9 2025 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3232 Sep 9 2025 [ 176 00] ext2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2440 Sep 9 2025 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3480 Sep 9 2025 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3588 Sep 9 2025 [ 182 00] fat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5852 Sep 9 2025 [ 184 00] file.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6588 Sep 9 2025 [ 187 00] font.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1164 Sep 9 2025 [ 191 00] freedos.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 208 Sep 9 2025 [ 192 00] fs.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1772 Sep 9 2025 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8504 Sep 9 2025 [ 194 00] function.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 792 Sep 9 2025 [ 199 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5516 Sep 9 2025 [ 200 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8428 Sep 9 2025 [ 203 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10644 Sep 9 2025 [ 208 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8612 Sep 9 2025 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4084 Sep 9 2025 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 944 Sep 9 2025 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1512 Sep 9 2025 [ 222 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1440 Sep 9 2025 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1820 Sep 9 2025 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1308 Sep 9 2025 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7600 Sep 9 2025 [ 226 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2732 Sep 9 2025 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 892 Sep 9 2025 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4508 Sep 9 2025 [ 233 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5336 Sep 9 2025 [ 236 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3156 Sep 9 2025 [ 239 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2088 Sep 9 2025 [ 241 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2956 Sep 9 2025 [ 243 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10688 Sep 9 2025 [ 245 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9848 Sep 9 2025 [ 251 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6056 Sep 9 2025 [ 256 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3780 Sep 9 2025 [ 259 00] gdb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2552 Sep 9 2025 [ 261 00] geli.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2132 Sep 9 2025 [ 263 00] gettext.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15616 Sep 9 2025 [ 265 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3880 Sep 9 2025 [ 273 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Sep 9 2025 [ 275 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1852 Sep 9 2025 [ 276 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1816 Sep 9 2025 [ 277 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4500 Sep 9 2025 [ 278 00] gzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2200 Sep 9 2025 [ 281 00] halt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2136 Sep 9 2025 [ 283 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2892 Sep 9 2025 [ 285 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 496 Sep 9 2025 [ 287 00] hello.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1264 Sep 9 2025 [ 288 00] help.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1452 Sep 9 2025 [ 289 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3744 Sep 9 2025 [ 290 00] hfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4156 Sep 9 2025 [ 292 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1532 Sep 9 2025 [ 295 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2728 Sep 9 2025 [ 296 00] http.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1168 Sep 9 2025 [ 298 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1132 Sep 9 2025 [ 299 00] iorw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4748 Sep 9 2025 [ 300 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3456 Sep 9 2025 [ 303 00] jfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4004 Sep 9 2025 [ 305 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2532 Sep 9 2025 [ 307 00] json.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1404 Sep 9 2025 [ 309 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 772 Sep 9 2025 [ 310 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2852 Sep 9 2025 [ 311 00] ldm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 908 Sep 9 2025 [ 313 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11100 Sep 9 2025 [ 314 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6156 Sep 9 2025 [ 320 00] linux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2608 Sep 9 2025 [ 324 00] linux16.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2828 Sep 9 2025 [ 326 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1516 Sep 9 2025 [ 328 00] loopback.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1688 Sep 9 2025 [ 329 00] ls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2072 Sep 9 2025 [ 330 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 980 Sep 9 2025 [ 332 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 812 Sep 9 2025 [ 333 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1772 Sep 9 2025 [ 334 00] lspci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1828 Sep 9 2025 [ 335 00] luks.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6016 Sep 9 2025 [ 336 00] luks2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3964 Sep 9 2025 [ 339 00] lvm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2716 Sep 9 2025 [ 341 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1600 Sep 9 2025 [ 343 00] macbless.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3240 Sep 9 2025 [ 344 00] macho.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 976 Sep 9 2025 [ 346 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 940 Sep 9 2025 [ 347 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 964 Sep 9 2025 [ 348 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 916 Sep 9 2025 [ 349 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 980 Sep 9 2025 [ 350 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1136 Sep 9 2025 [ 351 00] memrw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1568 Sep 9 2025 [ 352 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2012 Sep 9 2025 [ 353 00] minix.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2108 Sep 9 2025 [ 354 00] minix2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2172 Sep 9 2025 [ 356 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2060 Sep 9 2025 [ 358 00] minix3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2136 Sep 9 2025 [ 360 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2080 Sep 9 2025 [ 362 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4140 Sep 9 2025 [ 364 00] mmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2124 Sep 9 2025 [ 367 00] moddep.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1288 Sep 9 2025 [ 369 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 716 Sep 9 2025 [ 370 00] morse.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12648 Sep 9 2025 [ 371 00] mpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1080 Sep 9 2025 [ 378 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 948 Sep 9 2025 [ 379 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6708 Sep 9 2025 [ 380 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7080 Sep 9 2025 [ 384 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1924 Sep 9 2025 [ 388 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 25544 Sep 9 2025 [ 389 00] net.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1552 Sep 9 2025 [ 402 00] newc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3360 Sep 9 2025 [ 403 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 44868 Sep 9 2025 [ 405 00] normal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5784 Sep 9 2025 [ 427 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2480 Sep 9 2025 [ 430 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1076 Sep 9 2025 [ 432 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1460 Sep 9 2025 [ 433 00] odc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 692 Sep 9 2025 [ 434 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4448 Sep 9 2025 [ 435 00] ohci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 816 Sep 9 2025 [ 438 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 900 Sep 9 2025 [ 439 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 980 Sep 9 2025 [ 440 00] part_app.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1276 Sep 9 2025 [ 441 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 860 Sep 9 2025 [ 442 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 708 Sep 9 2025 [ 443 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1104 Sep 9 2025 [ 444 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1204 Sep 9 2025 [ 445 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 852 Sep 9 2025 [ 446 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 732 Sep 9 2025 [ 447 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 776 Sep 9 2025 [ 448 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 120 Sep 9 2025 [ 449 00] partmap.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 72 Sep 9 2025 [ 450 00] parttool.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2088 Sep 9 2025 [ 451 00] parttool.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 836 Sep 9 2025 [ 453 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1304 Sep 9 2025 [ 454 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2340 Sep 9 2025 [ 455 00] pata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 688 Sep 9 2025 [ 457 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 928 Sep 9 2025 [ 458 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 724 Sep 9 2025 [ 459 00] pci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Sep 9 2025 [ 460 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4752 Sep 9 2025 [ 461 00] pgp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3132 Sep 9 2025 [ 464 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3028 Sep 9 2025 [ 466 00] plan9.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1224 Sep 9 2025 [ 468 00] play.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4096 Sep 9 2025 [ 469 00] png.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 800 Sep 9 2025 [ 471 00] priority.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1472 Sep 9 2025 [ 472 00] probe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 964 Sep 9 2025 [ 473 00] procfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1104 Sep 9 2025 [ 474 00] progress.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1552 Sep 9 2025 [ 475 00] pxe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1136 Sep 9 2025 [ 476 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 700 Sep 9 2025 [ 477 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1228 Sep 9 2025 [ 478 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1752 Sep 9 2025 [ 479 00] random.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 852 Sep 9 2025 [ 480 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 780 Sep 9 2025 [ 481 00] read.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 740 Sep 9 2025 [ 482 00] reboot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 26996 Sep 9 2025 [ 483 00] regexp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4288 Sep 9 2025 [ 497 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6716 Sep 9 2025 [ 500 00] relocato.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2156 Sep 9 2025 [ 504 00] romfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2280 Sep 9 2025 [ 506 00] scsi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1424 Sep 9 2025 [ 508 00] search.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1520 Sep 9 2025 [ 509 00] search_0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1616 Sep 9 2025 [ 510 00] search_1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1524 Sep 9 2025 [ 511 00] search_l.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2584 Sep 9 2025 [ 512 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4240 Sep 9 2025 [ 514 00] serial.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 304 Sep 9 2025 [ 517 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 680 Sep 9 2025 [ 518 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2212 Sep 9 2025 [ 519 00] setpci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2612 Sep 9 2025 [ 521 00] sfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1124 Sep 9 2025 [ 523 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4272 Sep 9 2025 [ 524 00] signatur.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 916 Sep 9 2025 [ 527 00] sleep.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1152 Sep 9 2025 [ 528 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2340 Sep 9 2025 [ 529 00] smbios.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 804 Sep 9 2025 [ 531 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3796 Sep 9 2025 [ 532 00] squash4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 920 Sep 9 2025 [ 534 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7212 Sep 9 2025 [ 535 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1724 Sep 9 2025 [ 539 00] tar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 168 Sep 9 2025 [ 540 00] terminal.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1784 Sep 9 2025 [ 541 00] terminal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5156 Sep 9 2025 [ 542 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2320 Sep 9 2025 [ 545 00] test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 580 Sep 9 2025 [ 547 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1252 Sep 9 2025 [ 548 00] testload.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1024 Sep 9 2025 [ 549 00] testspee.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2324 Sep 9 2025 [ 550 00] tftp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1804 Sep 9 2025 [ 552 00] tga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 688 Sep 9 2025 [ 553 00] time.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1084 Sep 9 2025 [ 554 00] tr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 788 Sep 9 2025 [ 555 00] trig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 504 Sep 9 2025 [ 556 00] true.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1556 Sep 9 2025 [ 557 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4532 Sep 9 2025 [ 558 00] udf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2660 Sep 9 2025 [ 561 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2880 Sep 9 2025 [ 563 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2756 Sep 9 2025 [ 565 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2976 Sep 9 2025 [ 567 00] uhci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5164 Sep 9 2025 [ 569 00] usb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1812 Sep 9 2025 [ 572 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2808 Sep 9 2025 [ 573 00] usbms.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 960 Sep 9 2025 [ 575 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1008 Sep 9 2025 [ 576 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1064 Sep 9 2025 [ 577 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 620 Sep 9 2025 [ 578 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1788 Sep 9 2025 [ 579 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4092 Sep 9 2025 [ 580 00] vbe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1288 Sep 9 2025 [ 582 00] verifier.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1892 Sep 9 2025 [ 583 00] vga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1016 Sep 9 2025 [ 584 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 88 Sep 9 2025 [ 585 00] video.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2312 Sep 9 2025 [ 586 00] video.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2128 Sep 9 2025 [ 588 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2328 Sep 9 2025 [ 590 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2276 Sep 9 2025 [ 592 00] video_co.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9336 Sep 9 2025 [ 594 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1708 Sep 9 2025 [ 599 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1656 Sep 9 2025 [ 600 00] videote0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 888 Sep 9 2025 [ 601 00] videote1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 728 Sep 9 2025 [ 602 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4088 Sep 9 2025 [ 603 00] xfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11300 Sep 9 2025 [ 605 00] xnu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 972 Sep 9 2025 [ 611 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 812 Sep 9 2025 [ 612 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8072 Sep 9 2025 [ 613 00] xzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19096 Sep 9 2025 [ 617 00] zfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2728 Sep 9 2025 [ 627 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2540 Sep 9 2025 [ 629 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19312 Sep 9 2025 [ 631 00] zstd.mod;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 43 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 43 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 44 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 44 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,324 +1,324 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 19 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 21 02] boot \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 19 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 21 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] grub \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 21 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 21 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 23 02] fonts \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Oct 12 2026 [ 49 00] grub.cfg \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Oct 12 2026 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 43 02] locale \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 44 02] roms \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 22 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Sep 9 2025 [ 49 00] grub.cfg \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Sep 9 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 23 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 23 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Oct 12 2026 [ 24 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Oct 12 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3588 Oct 12 2026 [ 50 00] 915resolution.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4328 Oct 12 2026 [ 52 00] acpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 552 Oct 12 2026 [ 55 00] adler32.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2664 Oct 12 2026 [ 56 00] affs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3200 Oct 12 2026 [ 58 00] afs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 836 Oct 12 2026 [ 60 00] afsplitter.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5056 Oct 12 2026 [ 61 00] ahci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 240 Oct 12 2026 [ 64 00] all_video.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 500 Oct 12 2026 [ 65 00] aout.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1664 Oct 12 2026 [ 66 00] archelp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2024 Oct 12 2026 [ 67 00] at_keyboard.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2708 Oct 12 2026 [ 68 00] ata.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 756 Oct 12 2026 [ 70 00] backtrace.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3616 Oct 12 2026 [ 71 00] bfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2532 Oct 12 2026 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1156 Oct 12 2026 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2024 Oct 12 2026 [ 76 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1084 Oct 12 2026 [ 77 00] blocklist.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1180 Oct 12 2026 [ 78 00] boot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12580 Oct 12 2026 [ 79 00] bsd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1064 Oct 12 2026 [ 86 00] bswap_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9248 Oct 12 2026 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1112 Oct 12 2026 [ 92 00] bufio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1364 Oct 12 2026 [ 93 00] cat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1860 Oct 12 2026 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1184 Oct 12 2026 [ 95 00] cbls.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Oct 12 2026 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 544 Oct 12 2026 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1116 Oct 12 2026 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1576 Oct 12 2026 [ 99 00] chain.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1164 Oct 12 2026 [ 100 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 568 Oct 12 2026 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 Oct 12 2026 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 Oct 12 2026 [ 103 00] cmp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1788 Oct 12 2026 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1476 Oct 12 2026 [ 105 00] command.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Oct 12 2026 [ 106 00] configfile.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1332 Oct 12 2026 [ 107 00] cpio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1484 Oct 12 2026 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 Oct 12 2026 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 784 Oct 12 2026 [ 110 00] crc64.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 420 Oct 12 2026 [ 111 00] crypto.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2320 Oct 12 2026 [ 112 00] crypto.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6792 Oct 12 2026 [ 114 00] cryptodisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1480 Oct 12 2026 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Oct 12 2026 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1028 Oct 12 2026 [ 120 00] date.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 716 Oct 12 2026 [ 121 00] datehook.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1100 Oct 12 2026 [ 122 00] datetime.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1304 Oct 12 2026 [ 123 00] disk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5284 Oct 12 2026 [ 124 00] diskfilter.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 508 Oct 12 2026 [ 127 00] div.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2236 Oct 12 2026 [ 128 00] div_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 844 Oct 12 2026 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2420 Oct 12 2026 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 Oct 12 2026 [ 133 00] echo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9392 Oct 12 2026 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3188 Oct 12 2026 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3736 Oct 12 2026 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6056 Oct 12 2026 [ 143 00] ehci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2468 Oct 12 2026 [ 146 00] elf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 48383 Oct 12 2026 [ 148 00] eltorito.img \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 656 Oct 12 2026 [ 172 00] eval.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3380 Oct 12 2026 [ 173 00] exfat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 560 Oct 12 2026 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3232 Oct 12 2026 [ 176 00] ext2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2440 Oct 12 2026 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3480 Oct 12 2026 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3588 Oct 12 2026 [ 182 00] fat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5852 Oct 12 2026 [ 184 00] file.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6588 Oct 12 2026 [ 187 00] font.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1164 Oct 12 2026 [ 191 00] freedos.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 208 Oct 12 2026 [ 192 00] fs.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Oct 12 2026 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8504 Oct 12 2026 [ 194 00] functional_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 792 Oct 12 2026 [ 199 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5516 Oct 12 2026 [ 200 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8428 Oct 12 2026 [ 203 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10644 Oct 12 2026 [ 208 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8612 Oct 12 2026 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4084 Oct 12 2026 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 944 Oct 12 2026 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1512 Oct 12 2026 [ 222 00] gcry_idea.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1440 Oct 12 2026 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1820 Oct 12 2026 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1308 Oct 12 2026 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7600 Oct 12 2026 [ 226 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2732 Oct 12 2026 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 Oct 12 2026 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4508 Oct 12 2026 [ 233 00] gcry_seed.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5336 Oct 12 2026 [ 236 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3156 Oct 12 2026 [ 239 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2088 Oct 12 2026 [ 241 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2956 Oct 12 2026 [ 243 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10688 Oct 12 2026 [ 245 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9848 Oct 12 2026 [ 251 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6056 Oct 12 2026 [ 256 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3780 Oct 12 2026 [ 259 00] gdb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2552 Oct 12 2026 [ 261 00] geli.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2132 Oct 12 2026 [ 263 00] gettext.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 15616 Oct 12 2026 [ 265 00] gfxmenu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3880 Oct 12 2026 [ 273 00] gfxterm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Oct 12 2026 [ 275 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1852 Oct 12 2026 [ 276 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1816 Oct 12 2026 [ 277 00] gptsync.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4500 Oct 12 2026 [ 278 00] gzio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2200 Oct 12 2026 [ 281 00] halt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2136 Oct 12 2026 [ 283 00] hashsum.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2892 Oct 12 2026 [ 285 00] hdparm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 496 Oct 12 2026 [ 287 00] hello.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1264 Oct 12 2026 [ 288 00] help.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1452 Oct 12 2026 [ 289 00] hexdump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3744 Oct 12 2026 [ 290 00] hfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4156 Oct 12 2026 [ 292 00] hfsplus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1532 Oct 12 2026 [ 295 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2728 Oct 12 2026 [ 296 00] http.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1168 Oct 12 2026 [ 298 00] hwmatch.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1132 Oct 12 2026 [ 299 00] iorw.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4748 Oct 12 2026 [ 300 00] iso9660.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3456 Oct 12 2026 [ 303 00] jfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4004 Oct 12 2026 [ 305 00] jpeg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2532 Oct 12 2026 [ 307 00] json.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1404 Oct 12 2026 [ 309 00] keylayouts.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 772 Oct 12 2026 [ 310 00] keystatus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2852 Oct 12 2026 [ 311 00] ldm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 908 Oct 12 2026 [ 313 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11100 Oct 12 2026 [ 314 00] legacycfg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6156 Oct 12 2026 [ 320 00] linux.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2608 Oct 12 2026 [ 324 00] linux16.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2828 Oct 12 2026 [ 326 00] loadenv.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1516 Oct 12 2026 [ 328 00] loopback.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1688 Oct 12 2026 [ 329 00] ls.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2072 Oct 12 2026 [ 330 00] lsacpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Oct 12 2026 [ 332 00] lsapm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 Oct 12 2026 [ 333 00] lsmmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Oct 12 2026 [ 334 00] lspci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1828 Oct 12 2026 [ 335 00] luks.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6016 Oct 12 2026 [ 336 00] luks2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3964 Oct 12 2026 [ 339 00] lvm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2716 Oct 12 2026 [ 341 00] lzopio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1600 Oct 12 2026 [ 343 00] macbless.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3240 Oct 12 2026 [ 344 00] macho.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 Oct 12 2026 [ 346 00] mda_text.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 940 Oct 12 2026 [ 347 00] mdraid09.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 964 Oct 12 2026 [ 348 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 Oct 12 2026 [ 349 00] mdraid1x.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Oct 12 2026 [ 350 00] memdisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1136 Oct 12 2026 [ 351 00] memrw.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1568 Oct 12 2026 [ 352 00] minicmd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2012 Oct 12 2026 [ 353 00] minix.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2108 Oct 12 2026 [ 354 00] minix2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2172 Oct 12 2026 [ 356 00] minix2_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2060 Oct 12 2026 [ 358 00] minix3.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2136 Oct 12 2026 [ 360 00] minix3_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2080 Oct 12 2026 [ 362 00] minix_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4140 Oct 12 2026 [ 364 00] mmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2124 Oct 12 2026 [ 367 00] moddep.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1288 Oct 12 2026 [ 369 00] modinfo.sh \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 716 Oct 12 2026 [ 370 00] morse.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12648 Oct 12 2026 [ 371 00] mpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 Oct 12 2026 [ 378 00] msdospart.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 948 Oct 12 2026 [ 379 00] mul_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6708 Oct 12 2026 [ 380 00] multiboot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7080 Oct 12 2026 [ 384 00] multiboot2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1924 Oct 12 2026 [ 388 00] nativedisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 25544 Oct 12 2026 [ 389 00] net.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1552 Oct 12 2026 [ 402 00] newc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3360 Oct 12 2026 [ 403 00] nilfs2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 44868 Oct 12 2026 [ 405 00] normal.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5784 Oct 12 2026 [ 427 00] ntfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2480 Oct 12 2026 [ 430 00] ntfscomp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1076 Oct 12 2026 [ 432 00] ntldr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1460 Oct 12 2026 [ 433 00] odc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 692 Oct 12 2026 [ 434 00] offsetio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4448 Oct 12 2026 [ 435 00] ohci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Oct 12 2026 [ 438 00] part_acorn.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 900 Oct 12 2026 [ 439 00] part_amiga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Oct 12 2026 [ 440 00] part_apple.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1276 Oct 12 2026 [ 441 00] part_bsd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 Oct 12 2026 [ 442 00] part_dfly.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 708 Oct 12 2026 [ 443 00] part_dvh.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Oct 12 2026 [ 444 00] part_gpt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1204 Oct 12 2026 [ 445 00] part_msdos.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Oct 12 2026 [ 446 00] part_plan.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 732 Oct 12 2026 [ 447 00] part_sun.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 776 Oct 12 2026 [ 448 00] part_sunpc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 120 Oct 12 2026 [ 449 00] partmap.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 72 Oct 12 2026 [ 450 00] parttool.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2088 Oct 12 2026 [ 451 00] parttool.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 836 Oct 12 2026 [ 453 00] password.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1304 Oct 12 2026 [ 454 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2340 Oct 12 2026 [ 455 00] pata.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 688 Oct 12 2026 [ 457 00] pbkdf2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 928 Oct 12 2026 [ 458 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 Oct 12 2026 [ 459 00] pci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Oct 12 2026 [ 460 00] pcidump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4752 Oct 12 2026 [ 461 00] pgp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3132 Oct 12 2026 [ 464 00] plainmount.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3028 Oct 12 2026 [ 466 00] plan9.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1224 Oct 12 2026 [ 468 00] play.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4096 Oct 12 2026 [ 469 00] png.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 Oct 12 2026 [ 471 00] priority_queue.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1472 Oct 12 2026 [ 472 00] probe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 964 Oct 12 2026 [ 473 00] procfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Oct 12 2026 [ 474 00] progress.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1552 Oct 12 2026 [ 475 00] pxe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1136 Oct 12 2026 [ 476 00] pxechain.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 700 Oct 12 2026 [ 477 00] raid5rec.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1228 Oct 12 2026 [ 478 00] raid6rec.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1752 Oct 12 2026 [ 479 00] random.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Oct 12 2026 [ 480 00] rdmsr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 780 Oct 12 2026 [ 481 00] read.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 740 Oct 12 2026 [ 482 00] reboot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 26996 Oct 12 2026 [ 483 00] regexp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4288 Oct 12 2026 [ 497 00] reiserfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6716 Oct 12 2026 [ 500 00] relocator.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2156 Oct 12 2026 [ 504 00] romfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2280 Oct 12 2026 [ 506 00] scsi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1424 Oct 12 2026 [ 508 00] search.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1520 Oct 12 2026 [ 509 00] search_fs_file.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1616 Oct 12 2026 [ 510 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1524 Oct 12 2026 [ 511 00] search_label.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2584 Oct 12 2026 [ 512 00] sendkey.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4240 Oct 12 2026 [ 514 00] serial.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 304 Oct 12 2026 [ 517 00] setjmp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 680 Oct 12 2026 [ 518 00] setjmp_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2212 Oct 12 2026 [ 519 00] setpci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2612 Oct 12 2026 [ 521 00] sfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1124 Oct 12 2026 [ 523 00] shift_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4272 Oct 12 2026 [ 524 00] signature_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 Oct 12 2026 [ 527 00] sleep.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1152 Oct 12 2026 [ 528 00] sleep_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2340 Oct 12 2026 [ 529 00] smbios.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 804 Oct 12 2026 [ 531 00] spkmodem.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3796 Oct 12 2026 [ 532 00] squash4.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 920 Oct 12 2026 [ 534 00] strtoull_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7212 Oct 12 2026 [ 535 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1724 Oct 12 2026 [ 539 00] tar.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 168 Oct 12 2026 [ 540 00] terminal.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1784 Oct 12 2026 [ 541 00] terminal.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5156 Oct 12 2026 [ 542 00] terminfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2320 Oct 12 2026 [ 545 00] test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 580 Oct 12 2026 [ 547 00] test_blockarg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1252 Oct 12 2026 [ 548 00] testload.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1024 Oct 12 2026 [ 549 00] testspeed.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2324 Oct 12 2026 [ 550 00] tftp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1804 Oct 12 2026 [ 552 00] tga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 688 Oct 12 2026 [ 553 00] time.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1084 Oct 12 2026 [ 554 00] tr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 788 Oct 12 2026 [ 555 00] trig.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 504 Oct 12 2026 [ 556 00] true.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1556 Oct 12 2026 [ 557 00] truecrypt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4532 Oct 12 2026 [ 558 00] udf.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2660 Oct 12 2026 [ 561 00] ufs1.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2880 Oct 12 2026 [ 563 00] ufs1_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2756 Oct 12 2026 [ 565 00] ufs2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2976 Oct 12 2026 [ 567 00] uhci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5164 Oct 12 2026 [ 569 00] usb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1812 Oct 12 2026 [ 572 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2808 Oct 12 2026 [ 573 00] usbms.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 960 Oct 12 2026 [ 575 00] usbserial_common.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1008 Oct 12 2026 [ 576 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1064 Oct 12 2026 [ 577 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 620 Oct 12 2026 [ 578 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1788 Oct 12 2026 [ 579 00] usbtest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4092 Oct 12 2026 [ 580 00] vbe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1288 Oct 12 2026 [ 582 00] verifiers.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1892 Oct 12 2026 [ 583 00] vga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 Oct 12 2026 [ 584 00] vga_text.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 88 Oct 12 2026 [ 585 00] video.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2312 Oct 12 2026 [ 586 00] video.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 Oct 12 2026 [ 588 00] video_bochs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 Oct 12 2026 [ 590 00] video_cirrus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2276 Oct 12 2026 [ 592 00] video_colors.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9336 Oct 12 2026 [ 594 00] video_fb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1708 Oct 12 2026 [ 599 00] videoinfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1656 Oct 12 2026 [ 600 00] videotest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 Oct 12 2026 [ 601 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 728 Oct 12 2026 [ 602 00] wrmsr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4088 Oct 12 2026 [ 603 00] xfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11300 Oct 12 2026 [ 605 00] xnu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 Oct 12 2026 [ 611 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 Oct 12 2026 [ 612 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8072 Oct 12 2026 [ 613 00] xzio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19096 Oct 12 2026 [ 617 00] zfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2728 Oct 12 2026 [ 627 00] zfscrypt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2540 Oct 12 2026 [ 629 00] zfsinfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19312 Oct 12 2026 [ 631 00] zstd.mod \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Sep 9 2025 [ 24 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 9 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3588 Sep 9 2025 [ 50 00] 915resolution.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4328 Sep 9 2025 [ 52 00] acpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 552 Sep 9 2025 [ 55 00] adler32.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2664 Sep 9 2025 [ 56 00] affs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3200 Sep 9 2025 [ 58 00] afs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 836 Sep 9 2025 [ 60 00] afsplitter.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5056 Sep 9 2025 [ 61 00] ahci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 240 Sep 9 2025 [ 64 00] all_video.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 500 Sep 9 2025 [ 65 00] aout.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1664 Sep 9 2025 [ 66 00] archelp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2024 Sep 9 2025 [ 67 00] at_keyboard.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2708 Sep 9 2025 [ 68 00] ata.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 756 Sep 9 2025 [ 70 00] backtrace.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3616 Sep 9 2025 [ 71 00] bfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2532 Sep 9 2025 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1156 Sep 9 2025 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2024 Sep 9 2025 [ 76 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1084 Sep 9 2025 [ 77 00] blocklist.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1180 Sep 9 2025 [ 78 00] boot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12580 Sep 9 2025 [ 79 00] bsd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1064 Sep 9 2025 [ 86 00] bswap_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9248 Sep 9 2025 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1112 Sep 9 2025 [ 92 00] bufio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1364 Sep 9 2025 [ 93 00] cat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1860 Sep 9 2025 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1184 Sep 9 2025 [ 95 00] cbls.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Sep 9 2025 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 544 Sep 9 2025 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1116 Sep 9 2025 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1576 Sep 9 2025 [ 99 00] chain.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1164 Sep 9 2025 [ 100 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 568 Sep 9 2025 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 Sep 9 2025 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 Sep 9 2025 [ 103 00] cmp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1788 Sep 9 2025 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1476 Sep 9 2025 [ 105 00] command.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Sep 9 2025 [ 106 00] configfile.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1332 Sep 9 2025 [ 107 00] cpio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1484 Sep 9 2025 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 Sep 9 2025 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 784 Sep 9 2025 [ 110 00] crc64.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 420 Sep 9 2025 [ 111 00] crypto.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2320 Sep 9 2025 [ 112 00] crypto.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6792 Sep 9 2025 [ 114 00] cryptodisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1480 Sep 9 2025 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Sep 9 2025 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1028 Sep 9 2025 [ 120 00] date.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 716 Sep 9 2025 [ 121 00] datehook.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1100 Sep 9 2025 [ 122 00] datetime.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1304 Sep 9 2025 [ 123 00] disk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5284 Sep 9 2025 [ 124 00] diskfilter.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 508 Sep 9 2025 [ 127 00] div.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2236 Sep 9 2025 [ 128 00] div_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 844 Sep 9 2025 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2420 Sep 9 2025 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 Sep 9 2025 [ 133 00] echo.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9392 Sep 9 2025 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3188 Sep 9 2025 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3736 Sep 9 2025 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6056 Sep 9 2025 [ 143 00] ehci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2468 Sep 9 2025 [ 146 00] elf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 48383 Sep 9 2025 [ 148 00] eltorito.img \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 656 Sep 9 2025 [ 172 00] eval.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3380 Sep 9 2025 [ 173 00] exfat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 560 Sep 9 2025 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3232 Sep 9 2025 [ 176 00] ext2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2440 Sep 9 2025 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3480 Sep 9 2025 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3588 Sep 9 2025 [ 182 00] fat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5852 Sep 9 2025 [ 184 00] file.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6588 Sep 9 2025 [ 187 00] font.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1164 Sep 9 2025 [ 191 00] freedos.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 208 Sep 9 2025 [ 192 00] fs.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Sep 9 2025 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8504 Sep 9 2025 [ 194 00] functional_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 792 Sep 9 2025 [ 199 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5516 Sep 9 2025 [ 200 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8428 Sep 9 2025 [ 203 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10644 Sep 9 2025 [ 208 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8612 Sep 9 2025 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4084 Sep 9 2025 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 944 Sep 9 2025 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1512 Sep 9 2025 [ 222 00] gcry_idea.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1440 Sep 9 2025 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1820 Sep 9 2025 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1308 Sep 9 2025 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7600 Sep 9 2025 [ 226 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2732 Sep 9 2025 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 Sep 9 2025 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4508 Sep 9 2025 [ 233 00] gcry_seed.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5336 Sep 9 2025 [ 236 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3156 Sep 9 2025 [ 239 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2088 Sep 9 2025 [ 241 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2956 Sep 9 2025 [ 243 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10688 Sep 9 2025 [ 245 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9848 Sep 9 2025 [ 251 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6056 Sep 9 2025 [ 256 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3780 Sep 9 2025 [ 259 00] gdb.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2552 Sep 9 2025 [ 261 00] geli.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2132 Sep 9 2025 [ 263 00] gettext.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 15616 Sep 9 2025 [ 265 00] gfxmenu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3880 Sep 9 2025 [ 273 00] gfxterm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Sep 9 2025 [ 275 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1852 Sep 9 2025 [ 276 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1816 Sep 9 2025 [ 277 00] gptsync.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4500 Sep 9 2025 [ 278 00] gzio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2200 Sep 9 2025 [ 281 00] halt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2136 Sep 9 2025 [ 283 00] hashsum.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2892 Sep 9 2025 [ 285 00] hdparm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 496 Sep 9 2025 [ 287 00] hello.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1264 Sep 9 2025 [ 288 00] help.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1452 Sep 9 2025 [ 289 00] hexdump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3744 Sep 9 2025 [ 290 00] hfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4156 Sep 9 2025 [ 292 00] hfsplus.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1532 Sep 9 2025 [ 295 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2728 Sep 9 2025 [ 296 00] http.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1168 Sep 9 2025 [ 298 00] hwmatch.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1132 Sep 9 2025 [ 299 00] iorw.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4748 Sep 9 2025 [ 300 00] iso9660.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3456 Sep 9 2025 [ 303 00] jfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4004 Sep 9 2025 [ 305 00] jpeg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2532 Sep 9 2025 [ 307 00] json.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1404 Sep 9 2025 [ 309 00] keylayouts.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 772 Sep 9 2025 [ 310 00] keystatus.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2852 Sep 9 2025 [ 311 00] ldm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 908 Sep 9 2025 [ 313 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11100 Sep 9 2025 [ 314 00] legacycfg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6156 Sep 9 2025 [ 320 00] linux.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2608 Sep 9 2025 [ 324 00] linux16.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2828 Sep 9 2025 [ 326 00] loadenv.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1516 Sep 9 2025 [ 328 00] loopback.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1688 Sep 9 2025 [ 329 00] ls.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2072 Sep 9 2025 [ 330 00] lsacpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Sep 9 2025 [ 332 00] lsapm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 Sep 9 2025 [ 333 00] lsmmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Sep 9 2025 [ 334 00] lspci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1828 Sep 9 2025 [ 335 00] luks.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6016 Sep 9 2025 [ 336 00] luks2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3964 Sep 9 2025 [ 339 00] lvm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2716 Sep 9 2025 [ 341 00] lzopio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1600 Sep 9 2025 [ 343 00] macbless.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3240 Sep 9 2025 [ 344 00] macho.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 Sep 9 2025 [ 346 00] mda_text.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 940 Sep 9 2025 [ 347 00] mdraid09.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 964 Sep 9 2025 [ 348 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 Sep 9 2025 [ 349 00] mdraid1x.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Sep 9 2025 [ 350 00] memdisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1136 Sep 9 2025 [ 351 00] memrw.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1568 Sep 9 2025 [ 352 00] minicmd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2012 Sep 9 2025 [ 353 00] minix.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2108 Sep 9 2025 [ 354 00] minix2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2172 Sep 9 2025 [ 356 00] minix2_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2060 Sep 9 2025 [ 358 00] minix3.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2136 Sep 9 2025 [ 360 00] minix3_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2080 Sep 9 2025 [ 362 00] minix_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4140 Sep 9 2025 [ 364 00] mmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2124 Sep 9 2025 [ 367 00] moddep.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1288 Sep 9 2025 [ 369 00] modinfo.sh \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 716 Sep 9 2025 [ 370 00] morse.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12648 Sep 9 2025 [ 371 00] mpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 Sep 9 2025 [ 378 00] msdospart.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 948 Sep 9 2025 [ 379 00] mul_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6708 Sep 9 2025 [ 380 00] multiboot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7080 Sep 9 2025 [ 384 00] multiboot2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1924 Sep 9 2025 [ 388 00] nativedisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 25544 Sep 9 2025 [ 389 00] net.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1552 Sep 9 2025 [ 402 00] newc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3360 Sep 9 2025 [ 403 00] nilfs2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 44868 Sep 9 2025 [ 405 00] normal.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5784 Sep 9 2025 [ 427 00] ntfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2480 Sep 9 2025 [ 430 00] ntfscomp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1076 Sep 9 2025 [ 432 00] ntldr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1460 Sep 9 2025 [ 433 00] odc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 692 Sep 9 2025 [ 434 00] offsetio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4448 Sep 9 2025 [ 435 00] ohci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Sep 9 2025 [ 438 00] part_acorn.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 900 Sep 9 2025 [ 439 00] part_amiga.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Sep 9 2025 [ 440 00] part_apple.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1276 Sep 9 2025 [ 441 00] part_bsd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 Sep 9 2025 [ 442 00] part_dfly.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 708 Sep 9 2025 [ 443 00] part_dvh.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Sep 9 2025 [ 444 00] part_gpt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1204 Sep 9 2025 [ 445 00] part_msdos.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Sep 9 2025 [ 446 00] part_plan.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 732 Sep 9 2025 [ 447 00] part_sun.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 776 Sep 9 2025 [ 448 00] part_sunpc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 120 Sep 9 2025 [ 449 00] partmap.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 72 Sep 9 2025 [ 450 00] parttool.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2088 Sep 9 2025 [ 451 00] parttool.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 836 Sep 9 2025 [ 453 00] password.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1304 Sep 9 2025 [ 454 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2340 Sep 9 2025 [ 455 00] pata.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 688 Sep 9 2025 [ 457 00] pbkdf2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 928 Sep 9 2025 [ 458 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 Sep 9 2025 [ 459 00] pci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Sep 9 2025 [ 460 00] pcidump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4752 Sep 9 2025 [ 461 00] pgp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3132 Sep 9 2025 [ 464 00] plainmount.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3028 Sep 9 2025 [ 466 00] plan9.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1224 Sep 9 2025 [ 468 00] play.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4096 Sep 9 2025 [ 469 00] png.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 Sep 9 2025 [ 471 00] priority_queue.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1472 Sep 9 2025 [ 472 00] probe.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 964 Sep 9 2025 [ 473 00] procfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Sep 9 2025 [ 474 00] progress.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1552 Sep 9 2025 [ 475 00] pxe.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1136 Sep 9 2025 [ 476 00] pxechain.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 700 Sep 9 2025 [ 477 00] raid5rec.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1228 Sep 9 2025 [ 478 00] raid6rec.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1752 Sep 9 2025 [ 479 00] random.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Sep 9 2025 [ 480 00] rdmsr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 780 Sep 9 2025 [ 481 00] read.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 740 Sep 9 2025 [ 482 00] reboot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 26996 Sep 9 2025 [ 483 00] regexp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4288 Sep 9 2025 [ 497 00] reiserfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6716 Sep 9 2025 [ 500 00] relocator.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2156 Sep 9 2025 [ 504 00] romfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2280 Sep 9 2025 [ 506 00] scsi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1424 Sep 9 2025 [ 508 00] search.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1520 Sep 9 2025 [ 509 00] search_fs_file.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1616 Sep 9 2025 [ 510 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1524 Sep 9 2025 [ 511 00] search_label.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2584 Sep 9 2025 [ 512 00] sendkey.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4240 Sep 9 2025 [ 514 00] serial.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 304 Sep 9 2025 [ 517 00] setjmp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 680 Sep 9 2025 [ 518 00] setjmp_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2212 Sep 9 2025 [ 519 00] setpci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2612 Sep 9 2025 [ 521 00] sfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1124 Sep 9 2025 [ 523 00] shift_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4272 Sep 9 2025 [ 524 00] signature_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 Sep 9 2025 [ 527 00] sleep.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1152 Sep 9 2025 [ 528 00] sleep_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2340 Sep 9 2025 [ 529 00] smbios.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 804 Sep 9 2025 [ 531 00] spkmodem.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3796 Sep 9 2025 [ 532 00] squash4.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 920 Sep 9 2025 [ 534 00] strtoull_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7212 Sep 9 2025 [ 535 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1724 Sep 9 2025 [ 539 00] tar.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 168 Sep 9 2025 [ 540 00] terminal.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1784 Sep 9 2025 [ 541 00] terminal.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5156 Sep 9 2025 [ 542 00] terminfo.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2320 Sep 9 2025 [ 545 00] test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 580 Sep 9 2025 [ 547 00] test_blockarg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1252 Sep 9 2025 [ 548 00] testload.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1024 Sep 9 2025 [ 549 00] testspeed.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2324 Sep 9 2025 [ 550 00] tftp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1804 Sep 9 2025 [ 552 00] tga.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 688 Sep 9 2025 [ 553 00] time.mod 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14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usb_keyboard.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2808 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbms.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 960 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_common.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1008 2025-09-09 14:07:21.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_ftdi.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1064 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_pl2303.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 620 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_usbdebug.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1788 2025-09-09 14:07:21.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbtest.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4092 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vbe.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1288 2025-09-09 14:07:21.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/verifiers.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1892 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga_text.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 88 2025-09-09 14:07:21.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.lst\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2312 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_bochs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_cirrus.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2276 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_colors.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9336 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_fb.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1708 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videoinfo.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1656 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest_checksum.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 728 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/wrmsr.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4088 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xfs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11300 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid_test.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8072 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xzio.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19096 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2728 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfscrypt.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2540 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfsinfo.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19312 2025-09-09 14:07:20.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zstd.mod\n"}, {"source1": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "modinfo.sh-content", "source2": "modinfo.sh-content", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 11668 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1028704 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1028844 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -124,15 +124,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3600 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3728 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3868 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3648 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3816 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3736 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3766 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2621 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2619 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27480 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 59436 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3156 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6740 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 115132 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/normal.mod\n@@ -342,15 +342,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3728 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3868 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3648 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3816 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3736 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5788 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3871 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2633 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2631 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27480 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13700 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14692 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 59436 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3156 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/newc.mod\n@@ -562,15 +562,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5568 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5680 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5768 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5744 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5832 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5656 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3766 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2546 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2544 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44048 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3592 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2368 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 96936 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4736 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 10032 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 177408 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/normal.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen_pvh\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-host_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-host_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1300 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1335336 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1335512 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -9311,17 +9311,17 @@\n .rel.rodata\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000001140\n-15263236767\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+15060032545\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n # First search for a suitable grub to chainload\n if search -s -f /boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n if search -s -f /xen/pvboot-i386.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -92948,28 +92948,28 @@\n 0x001778f3 01000000 00000000 01000000 08280000 .............(..\n 0x00177903 67727562 2e636667 00000000 00000000 grub.cfg........\n 0x00177913 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177923 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177933 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177943 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177953 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x00177963 00000000 30303030 36343400 30303032 ....0000644.0002\n- 0x00177973 31323700 30303032 31323700 30303030 127.0002127.0000\n- 0x00177983 30303031 31343000 31353236 33323336 0001140.15263236\n- 0x00177993 37363700 30313330 35310020 30000000 767.013051. 0...\n+ 0x00177963 00000000 30303030 36343400 30303034 ....0000644.0004\n+ 0x00177973 32353600 30303034 32353600 30303030 256.0004256.0000\n+ 0x00177983 30303031 31343000 31353036 30303332 0001140.15060032\n+ 0x00177993 35343500 30313330 34340020 30000000 545.013044. 0...\n 0x001779a3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001779b3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001779c3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001779d3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001779e3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001779f3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177a03 00757374 61722020 00706275 696c6465 .ustar .pbuilde\n- 0x00177a13 72310000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r1..............\n+ 0x00177a13 72320000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r2..............\n 0x00177a23 00000000 00000000 00706275 696c6465 .........pbuilde\n- 0x00177a33 72310000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r1..............\n+ 0x00177a33 72320000 00000000 00000000 00000000 r2..............\n 0x00177a43 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177a53 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177a63 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177a73 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177a83 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177a93 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177aa3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen_pvh.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen_pvh.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -9616,16 +9616,16 @@\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000000350\n 15031530547\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n if search -s -f /boot/grub/grub.cfg ; then\n \techo \"Reading (${root})/boot/grub/grub.cfg\"\n \tconfigfile /boot/grub/grub.cfg\n if search -s -f /grub/grub.cfg ; then\n \techo \"Reading (${root})/grub/grub.cfg\"\n \tconfigfile /grub/grub.cfg\n normal (memdisk)/grub.cfg\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -94934,27 +94934,27 @@\n 0x0027f3cb 01000000 08280000 67727562 2e636667 .....(..grub.cfg\n 0x0027f3db 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f3eb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f3fb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f40b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f41b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f42b 00000000 00000000 00000000 30303030 ............0000\n- 0x0027f43b 36343400 30303032 31323700 30303032 644.0002127.0002\n- 0x0027f44b 31323700 30303030 30303030 33353000 127.00000000350.\n+ 0x0027f43b 36363400 30303034 32353600 30303034 664.0004256.0004\n+ 0x0027f44b 32353600 30303030 30303030 33353000 256.00000000350.\n 0x0027f45b 31353033 31353330 35343700 30313330 15031530547.0130\n- 0x0027f46b 33350020 30000000 00000000 00000000 35. 0...........\n+ 0x0027f46b 35330020 30000000 00000000 00000000 53. 0...........\n 0x0027f47b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f48b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f49b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f4ab 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f4bb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f4cb 00000000 00000000 00757374 61722020 .........ustar \n- 0x0027f4db 00706275 696c6465 72310000 00000000 .pbuilder1......\n+ 0x0027f4db 00706275 696c6465 72320000 00000000 .pbuilder2......\n 0x0027f4eb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x0027f4fb 00706275 696c6465 72310000 00000000 .pbuilder1......\n+ 0x0027f4fb 00706275 696c6465 72320000 00000000 .pbuilder2......\n 0x0027f50b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f51b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f52b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f53b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f54b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f55b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f56b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-x86_64-xen.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-x86_64-xen.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -10869,17 +10869,17 @@\n .rela.rodata\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000001154\n-15263236767\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+15060032545\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n # First search for a suitable grub to chainload\n if search -s -f /boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n if search -s -f /xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -131350,27 +131350,27 @@\n 0x00210e9f 01000000 08280000 67727562 2e636667 .....(..grub.cfg\n 0x00210eaf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210ebf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210ecf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210edf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210eef 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210eff 00000000 00000000 00000000 30303030 ............0000\n- 0x00210f0f 36343400 30303032 31323700 30303032 644.0002127.0002\n- 0x00210f1f 31323700 30303030 30303031 31353400 127.00000001154.\n- 0x00210f2f 31353236 33323336 37363700 30313330 15263236767.0130\n- 0x00210f3f 35360020 30000000 00000000 00000000 56. 0...........\n+ 0x00210f0f 36343400 30303034 32353600 30303034 644.0004256.0004\n+ 0x00210f1f 32353600 30303030 30303031 31353400 256.00000001154.\n+ 0x00210f2f 31353036 30303332 35343500 30313330 15060032545.0130\n+ 0x00210f3f 35310020 30000000 00000000 00000000 51. 0...........\n 0x00210f4f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210f5f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210f6f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210f7f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210f8f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210f9f 00000000 00000000 00757374 61722020 .........ustar \n- 0x00210faf 00706275 696c6465 72310000 00000000 .pbuilder1......\n+ 0x00210faf 00706275 696c6465 72320000 00000000 .pbuilder2......\n 0x00210fbf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x00210fcf 00706275 696c6465 72310000 00000000 .pbuilder1......\n+ 0x00210fcf 00706275 696c6465 72320000 00000000 .pbuilder2......\n 0x00210fdf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210fef 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210fff 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0021100f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0021101f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0021102f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0021103f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub2-common_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub2-common_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1376 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 639496 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 639492 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -21,17 +21,17 @@\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/doc/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/grub/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1532 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 186 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub.md5sum\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/info/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 37887 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub-dev.info.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 87404 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14851 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3573 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 87403 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14848 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3568 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/man/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1958 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-install.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 921 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-reboot.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 655 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-set-default.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 248 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/update-grub.8.gz\n lrwxrwxrwx 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/sbin/update-grub2 -> update-grub\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info-1", "source2": "grub.info-1", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,18915 +1,18916 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 3220 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7465 7.2 from grub.te\n 00000040: 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c xi...This manual\n 00000050: 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 5542 is for GNU GRUB\n 00000060: 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 2c20 (version 2.12, \n-00000070: 3132 204f 6374 6f62 6572 2032 3032 3629 12 October 2026)\n-00000080: 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 ... Copyright \n-00000090: c2a9 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 ...1999,2000,200\n-000000a0: 312c 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 1,2002,2004,2006\n-000000b0: 2c32 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c ,2008,2009,2010,\n-000000c0: 3230 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 2011,2012,2013 F\n-000000d0: 7265 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 ree.Software Fou\n-000000e0: 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 ndation, Inc... \n-000000f0: 2020 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 Permission i\n-00000100: 7320 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 s granted to cop\n-00000110: 792c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e y, distribute an\n-00000120: 642f 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 d/or modify this\n-00000130: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 . document u\n-00000140: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f nder the terms o\n-00000150: 6620 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 f the GNU Free D\n-00000160: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n-00000170: 656e 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 ense,. Versi\n-00000180: 6f6e 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 on 1.2 or any la\n-00000190: 7465 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c ter version publ\n-000001a0: 6973 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 ished by the Fre\n-000001b0: 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 e Software. \n-000001c0: 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 Foundation; with\n-000001d0: 206e 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 no Invariant Se\n-000001e0: 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 ctions..INFO-DIR\n-000001f0: 2d53 4543 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a -SECTION Kernel.\n-00000200: 5354 4152 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 START-INFO-DIR-E\n-00000210: 4e54 5259 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 NTRY.* GRUB: (gr\n-00000220: 7562 292e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ub). \n-00000230: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 The GRand U\n-00000240: 6e69 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 nified Bootloade\n-00000250: 720a 2a20 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c r.* grub-install\n-00000260: 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 : (grub)Invoking\n-00000270: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 grub-install. \n-00000280: 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f Install GRUB o\n-00000290: 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 n your drive.* g\n-000002a0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 rub-mkconfig: (g\n-000002b0: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n-000002c0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e b-mkconfig. Gen\n-000002d0: 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 erate GRUB confi\n-000002e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d guration.* grub-\n-000002f0: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a mkpasswd-pbkdf2:\n-00000300: 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (grub)Invoking \n-00000310: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n-00000320: 6b64 6632 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 kdf2..* grub-mkr\n-00000330: 656c 7061 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e elpath: (grub)In\n-00000340: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00000350: 6c70 6174 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b lpath..* grub-mk\n-00000360: 7265 7363 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e rescue: (grub)In\n-00000370: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00000380: 7363 7565 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 scue. Make a GR\n-00000390: 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a UB rescue image.\n-000003a0: 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2867 * grub-mount: (g\n-000003b0: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n-000003c0: 622d 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 b-mount. \n-000003d0: 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 Mount a file sys\n-000003e0: 7465 6d20 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a tem using GRUB.*\n-000003f0: 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a 2028 6772 grub-probe: (gr\n-00000400: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000410: 2d70 726f 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2050 -probe. P\n-00000420: 726f 6265 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f robe device info\n-00000430: 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d73 rmation.* grub-s\n-00000440: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 6772 cript-check: (gr\n-00000450: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000460: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e 0a45 -script-check..E\n-00000470: 4e44 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 ND-INFO-DIR-ENTR\n-00000480: 590a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e Y....File: grub.\n-00000490: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 6f70 info, Node: Top\n-000004a0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 , Next: Introdu\n-000004b0: 6374 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 2864 6972 ction, Up: (dir\n-000004c0: 290a 0a47 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6d61 6e75 )..GNU GRUB manu\n-000004d0: 616c 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a al.*************\n-000004e0: 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 **..This is the \n-000004f0: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 documentation of\n-00000500: 2047 4e55 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 2047 GNU GRUB, the G\n-00000510: 5261 6e64 2055 6e69 6669 6564 2042 6f6f Rand Unified Boo\n-00000520: 746c 6f61 6465 722c 2061 0a66 6c65 7869 tloader, a.flexi\n-00000530: 626c 6520 616e 6420 706f 7765 7266 756c ble and powerful\n-00000540: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2070 726f boot loader pro\n-00000550: 6772 616d 2066 6f72 2061 2077 6964 6520 gram for a wide \n-00000560: 7261 6e67 6520 6f66 0a61 7263 6869 7465 range of.archite\n-00000570: 6374 7572 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 ctures... This\n-00000580: 2065 6469 7469 6f6e 2064 6f63 756d 656e edition documen\n-00000590: 7473 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2032 2e31 322e ts version 2.12.\n-000005a0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c .. This manual\n-000005b0: 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 5542 is for GNU GRUB\n-000005c0: 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 2c20 (version 2.12, \n-000005d0: 3132 204f 6374 6f62 6572 2032 3032 3629 12 October 2026)\n-000005e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 ... Copyright \n-000005f0: c2a9 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 ...1999,2000,200\n-00000600: 312c 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 1,2002,2004,2006\n-00000610: 2c32 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c ,2008,2009,2010,\n-00000620: 3230 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 2011,2012,2013 F\n-00000630: 7265 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 ree.Software Fou\n-00000640: 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 ndation, Inc... \n-00000650: 2020 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 Permission i\n-00000660: 7320 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 s granted to cop\n-00000670: 792c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e y, distribute an\n-00000680: 642f 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 d/or modify this\n-00000690: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 . document u\n-000006a0: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f nder the terms o\n-000006b0: 6620 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 f the GNU Free D\n-000006c0: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n-000006d0: 656e 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 ense,. Versi\n-000006e0: 6f6e 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 on 1.2 or any la\n-000006f0: 7465 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c ter version publ\n-00000700: 6973 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 ished by the Fre\n-00000710: 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 e Software. \n-00000720: 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 Foundation; with\n-00000730: 206e 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 no Invariant Se\n-00000740: 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a ctions...* Menu:\n-00000750: 0a0a 2a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e ..* Introduction\n-00000760: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-00000770: 2020 4361 7074 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 Capturing the \n-00000780: 7370 6972 6974 206f 6620 4752 5542 0a2a spirit of GRUB.*\n-00000790: 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 Naming conventi\n-000007a0: 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e on:: N\n-000007b0: 616d 6573 206f 6620 796f 7572 2064 7269 ames of your dri\n-000007c0: 7665 7320 696e 2047 5255 420a 2a20 4f53 ves in GRUB.* OS\n-000007d0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 -specific notes \n-000007e0: 6162 6f75 7420 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 about grub tools\n-000007f0: 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ::. \n+00000070: 3920 5365 7074 656d 6265 7220 3230 3235 9 September 2025\n+00000080: 292e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 6874 )... Copyright\n+00000090: 20c2 a90a 3139 3939 2c32 3030 302c 3230 ...1999,2000,20\n+000000a0: 3031 2c32 3030 322c 3230 3034 2c32 3030 01,2002,2004,200\n+000000b0: 362c 3230 3038 2c32 3030 392c 3230 3130 6,2008,2009,2010\n+000000c0: 2c32 3031 312c 3230 3132 2c32 3031 3320 ,2011,2012,2013 \n+000000d0: 4672 6565 0a53 6f66 7477 6172 6520 466f Free.Software Fo\n+000000e0: 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 2c20 496e 632e 0a0a undation, Inc...\n+000000f0: 2020 2020 2050 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 Permission \n+00000100: 6973 2067 7261 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 636f is granted to co\n+00000110: 7079 2c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 2061 py, distribute a\n+00000120: 6e64 2f6f 7220 6d6f 6469 6679 2074 6869 nd/or modify thi\n+00000130: 730a 2020 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 s. document \n+00000140: 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 7465 726d 7320 under the terms \n+00000150: 6f66 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 of the GNU Free \n+00000160: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 Documentation Li\n+00000170: 6365 6e73 652c 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7273 cense,. Vers\n+00000180: 696f 6e20 312e 3220 6f72 2061 6e79 206c ion 1.2 or any l\n+00000190: 6174 6572 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2070 7562 ater version pub\n+000001a0: 6c69 7368 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4672 lished by the Fr\n+000001b0: 6565 2053 6f66 7477 6172 650a 2020 2020 ee Software. \n+000001c0: 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e3b 2077 6974 Foundation; wit\n+000001d0: 6820 6e6f 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 h no Invariant S\n+000001e0: 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 0a49 4e46 4f2d 4449 ections..INFO-DI\n+000001f0: 522d 5345 4354 494f 4e20 4b65 726e 656c R-SECTION Kernel\n+00000200: 0a53 5441 5254 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d .START-INFO-DIR-\n+00000210: 454e 5452 590a 2a20 4752 5542 3a20 2867 ENTRY.* GRUB: (g\n+00000220: 7275 6229 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rub). \n+00000230: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 4752 616e 6420 The GRand \n+00000240: 556e 6966 6965 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f 6164 Unified Bootload\n+00000250: 6572 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c er.* grub-instal\n+00000260: 6c3a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e l: (grub)Invokin\n+00000270: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2e20 g grub-install. \n+00000280: 2020 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 Install GRUB \n+00000290: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a 2a20 on your drive.* \n+000002a0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 2028 grub-mkconfig: (\n+000002b0: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n+000002c0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 672e 2020 4765 ub-mkconfig. 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fut\n+00000e40: 7572 6520 706c 616e 7320 6f6e 2047 5255 ure plans on GRU\n+00000e50: 420a 2a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 B.* Copying This\n+00000e60: 204d 616e 7561 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 Manual:: \n+00000e70: 2020 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d Copying This M\n+00000e80: 616e 7561 6c0a 2a20 496e 6465 783a 3a0a anual.* Index::.\n+00000e90: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00000ea0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 726f fo, Node: Intro\n+00000eb0: 6475 6374 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 duction, Next: \n+00000ec0: 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f Naming conventio\n+00000ed0: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 546f 702c 2020 n, Prev: Top, \n+00000ee0: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 2049 6e74 726f Up: Top..1 Intro\n+00000ef0: 6475 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2047 5255 420a duction to GRUB.\n 00000f00: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00000f10: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ****..* Menu:..*\n-00000f20: 204f 7665 7276 6965 773a 3a20 2020 2020 Overview:: \n-00000f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 W\n-00000f40: 6861 7420 6578 6163 746c 7920 4752 5542 hat exactly GRUB\n-00000f50: 2069 7320 616e 6420 686f 7720 746f 2075 is and how to u\n-00000f60: 7365 2069 740a 2a20 4869 7374 6f72 793a se it.* History:\n-00000f70: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-00000f80: 2020 2020 2020 4672 6f6d 206d 6167 676f From maggo\n-00000f90: 7420 746f 2068 6f75 7365 2066 6c79 0a2a t to house fly.*\n-00000fa0: 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 Changes from GR\n-00000fb0: 5542 204c 6567 6163 793a 3a20 2020 2044 UB Legacy:: D\n-00000fc0: 6966 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2066 726f 6d20 ifferences from \n-00000fd0: 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e previous version\n-00000fe0: 730a 2a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2020 s.* Features:: \n+00000f10: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a ******..* Menu:.\n+00000f20: 0a2a 204f 7665 7276 6965 773a 3a20 2020 .* Overview:: \n+00000f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000f40: 2057 6861 7420 6578 6163 746c 7920 4752 What exactly GR\n+00000f50: 5542 2069 7320 616e 6420 686f 7720 746f UB is and how to\n+00000f60: 2075 7365 2069 740a 2a20 4869 7374 6f72 use it.* Histor\n+00000f70: 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y:: \n+00000f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4672 6f6d 206d 6167 From mag\n+00000f90: 676f 7420 746f 2068 6f75 7365 2066 6c79 got to house fly\n+00000fa0: 0a2a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 .* Changes from \n+00000fb0: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 793a 3a20 2020 GRUB Legacy:: \n+00000fc0: 2044 6966 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2066 726f Differences fro\n+00000fd0: 6d20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 m previous versi\n+00000fe0: 6f6e 730a 2a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 3a3a ons.* Features::\n 00000ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00001000: 2020 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a GRUB features.\n-00001010: 2a20 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 * Role of a boot\n-00001020: 206c 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 loader:: \n-00001030: 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I\n-00001720: 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 n the following \n-00001730: 6368 6170 7465 7273 2c20 796f 7520 7769 chapters, you wi\n-00001740: 6c6c 206c 6561 726e 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 ll learn how to \n-00001750: 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 6472 6976 652c specify a drive,\n-00001760: 2061 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 616e a.partition, an\n-00001770: 6420 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a d a file name (*\n-00001780: 6e6f 7465 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 note Naming conv\n-00001790: 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 746f 2047 5255 ention::) to GRU\n-000017a0: 422c 2068 6f77 2074 6f0a 696e 7374 616c B, how to.instal\n-000017b0: 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2064 l GRUB on your d\n-000017c0: 7269 7665 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 7374 rive (*note Inst\n-000017d0: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 allation::), and\n-000017e0: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 how to boot you\n-000017f0: 720a 4f53 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426f r.OSes (*note Bo\n-00001800: 6f74 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 7374 6570 2062 oting::), step b\n-00001810: 7920 7374 6570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a y step.....File:\n-00001820: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00001830: 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d 466f 6f74 e: Overview-Foot\n-00001840: 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4f76 6572 notes, Up: Over\n-00001850: 7669 6577 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 20e2 809c view.. 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U\n+00001590: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 sing the command\n+000015a0: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c -line interface,\n+000015b0: 2079 6f75 2074 7970 6520 7468 6520 6472 you type the dr\n+000015c0: 6976 650a 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f ive.specificatio\n+000015d0: 6e20 616e 6420 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 n and file name \n+000015e0: 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 of the kernel ma\n+000015f0: 6e75 616c 6c79 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 nually. In the \n+00001600: 6d65 6e75 0a69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 menu.interface, \n+00001610: 796f 7520 6a75 7374 2073 656c 6563 7420 you just select \n+00001620: 616e 204f 5320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 an OS using the \n+00001630: 6172 726f 7720 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 6865 arrow keys. The\n+00001640: 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a62 6173 6564 206f menu is.based o\n+00001650: 6e20 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f n a configuratio\n+00001660: 6e20 6669 6c65 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 n file which you\n+00001670: 2070 7265 7061 7265 2062 6566 6f72 6568 prepare beforeh\n+00001680: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a43 6f6e 6669 and (*note.Confi\n+00001690: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 5768 guration::). Wh\n+000016a0: 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c ile in the menu,\n+000016b0: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 7769 7463 6820 you can switch \n+000016c0: 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c to the command-l\n+000016d0: 696e 650a 6d6f 6465 2c20 616e 6420 7669 ine.mode, and vi\n+000016e0: 6365 2d76 6572 7361 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 ce-versa. You c\n+000016f0: 616e 2065 7665 6e20 6564 6974 206d 656e an even edit men\n+00001700: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6265 666f 7265 u entries before\n+00001710: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 using them... \n+00001720: 2049 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e In the followin\n+00001730: 6720 6368 6170 7465 7273 2c20 796f 7520 g chapters, you \n+00001740: 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 726e 2068 6f77 2074 will learn how t\n+00001750: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 6472 6976 o specify a driv\n+00001760: 652c 2061 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 e, a.partition, \n+00001770: 616e 6420 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 and a file name \n+00001780: 282a 6e6f 7465 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f (*note Naming co\n+00001790: 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 746f 2047 nvention::) to G\n+000017a0: 5255 422c 2068 6f77 2074 6f0a 696e 7374 RUB, how to.inst\n+000017b0: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 796f 7572 all GRUB on your\n+000017c0: 2064 7269 7665 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e drive (*note In\n+000017d0: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 stallation::), a\n+000017e0: 6e64 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2079 nd how to boot y\n+000017f0: 6f75 720a 4f53 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 our.OSes (*note \n+00001800: 426f 6f74 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 7374 6570 Booting::), step\n+00001810: 2062 7920 7374 6570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c by step.....Fil\n+00001820: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00001830: 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d 466f ode: Overview-Fo\n+00001840: 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4f76 otnotes, Up: Ov\n+00001850: 6572 7669 6577 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 20e2 erview.. (1) .\n+00001860: 809c 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 e280 9d20 ..chain-load... \n+00001870: 6973 2074 6865 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d is the mechanism\n+00001880: 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2075 6e73 for loading uns\n+00001890: 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 7065 7261 7469 upported operati\n+000018a0: 6e67 0a73 7973 7465 6d73 2062 7920 6c6f ng.systems by lo\n+000018b0: 6164 696e 6720 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f ading another bo\n+000018c0: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4974 2069 ot loader. It i\n+000018d0: 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 6564 s typically used\n+000018e0: 2066 6f72 0a6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2044 4f53 for.loading DOS\n+000018f0: 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 0a0a 1f0a or Windows.....\n+00001900: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00001910: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c Node: History,\n+00001920: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 616e 6765 7320 Next: Changes \n+00001930: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 from GRUB Legacy\n+00001940: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 7665 7276 6965 , Prev: Overvie\n+00001950: 772c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 w, Up: Introduc\n+00001960: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3220 4869 7374 6f72 tion..1.2 Histor\n+00001970: 7920 6f66 2047 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d y of GRUB.======\n+00001980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 =============..G\n+00001990: 5255 4220 6f72 6967 696e 6174 6564 2069 RUB originated i\n+000019a0: 6e20 3139 3935 2077 6865 6e20 4572 6963 n 1995 when Eric\n+000019b0: 6820 426f 6c65 796e 2077 6173 2074 7279 h Boleyn was try\n+000019c0: 696e 6720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 ing to boot the \n+000019d0: 474e 550a 4875 7264 2077 6974 6820 7468 GNU.Hurd with th\n+000019e0: 6520 556e 6976 6572 7369 7479 206f 6620 e University of \n+000019f0: 5574 6168 2773 204d 6163 6820 3420 6d69 Utah's Mach 4 mi\n+00001a00: 6372 6f6b 6572 6e65 6c20 286e 6f77 206b crokernel (now k\n+00001a10: 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 474e 550a 4d61 6368 nown as GNU.Mach\n+00001a20: 292e 2020 4572 6963 6820 616e 6420 4272 ). Erich and Br\n+00001a30: 6961 6e20 466f 7264 2064 6573 6967 6e65 ian Ford designe\n+00001a40: 6420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 d the Multiboot \n+00001a50: 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 282a Specification (*\n+00001a60: 6e6f 7465 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2053 note.Multiboot S\n+00001a70: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 3a20 286d pecification: (m\n+00001a80: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2954 6f70 2e29 2c20 ultiboot)Top.), \n+00001a90: 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6579 2077 6572 because they wer\n+00001aa0: 6520 6465 7465 726d 696e 6564 0a6e 6f74 e determined.not\n+00001ab0: 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 2074 6865 206c to add to the l\n+00001ac0: 6172 6765 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 206d arge number of m\n+00001ad0: 7574 7561 6c6c 792d 696e 636f 6d70 6174 utually-incompat\n+00001ae0: 6962 6c65 2050 4320 626f 6f74 206d 6574 ible PC boot met\n+00001af0: 686f 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4572 6963 6820 hods... 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Propr\n-00002d70: 6965 7461 7279 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2028 ietary kernels (\n-00002d80: 7375 6368 2061 7320 444f 532c 2057 696e such as DOS, Win\n-00002d90: 646f 7773 204e 542c 2061 6e64 204f 532f dows NT, and OS/\n-00002da0: 3229 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 2) are. supp\n-00002db0: 6f72 7465 6420 7669 6120 6120 6368 6169 orted via a chai\n-00002dc0: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6675 6e63 7469 n-loading functi\n-00002dd0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4578 6365 7074 2066 on... Except f\n-00002de0: 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d70 or specific comp\n-00002df0: 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 6d6f 6465 7320 atibility modes \n-00002e00: 2863 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 (chain-loading a\n-00002e10: 6e64 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 0ae2 809c nd the Linux....\n-00002e20: 7069 6767 7962 6163 6be2 809d 2066 6f72 piggyback... for\n-00002e30: 6d61 7429 2c20 616c 6c20 6b65 726e 656c mat), all kernel\n-00002e40: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7374 6172 7465 s will be starte\n-00002e50: 6420 696e 206d 7563 6820 7468 6520 7361 d in much the sa\n-00002e60: 6d65 2073 7461 7465 0a61 7320 696e 2074 me state.as in t\n-00002e70: 6865 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2053 7065 he Multiboot Spe\n-00002e80: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 204f 6e6c cification. Onl\n-00002e90: 7920 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 y kernels loaded\n-00002ea0: 2061 7420 3120 6d65 6761 6279 7465 206f at 1 megabyte o\n-00002eb0: 720a 6162 6f76 6520 6172 6520 7072 6573 r.above are pres\n-00002ec0: 656e 746c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e ently supported.\n-00002ed0: 2020 416e 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f Any attempt to\n-00002ee0: 206c 6f61 6420 6265 6c6f 7720 7468 6174 load below that\n-00002ef0: 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 790a 7769 6c6c 2073 boundary.will s\n-00002f00: 696d 706c 7920 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 imply result in \n-00002f10: 696d 6d65 6469 6174 6520 6661 696c 7572 immediate failur\n-00002f20: 6520 616e 6420 616e 2065 7272 6f72 206d e and an error m\n-00002f30: 6573 7361 6765 2072 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 essage reporting\n-00002f40: 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e0a 0a20 .the problem... \n-00002f50: 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 746f In addition to\n-00002f60: 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 the requirement\n-00002f70: 7320 6162 6f76 652c 2047 5255 4220 6861 s above, GRUB ha\n-00002f80: 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a s the following.\n-00002f90: 6665 6174 7572 6573 2028 6e6f 7465 2074 features (note t\n-00002fa0: 6861 7420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f hat the Multiboo\n-00002fb0: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 t Specification \n-00002fc0: 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7265 7175 6972 6520 doesn't require \n-00002fd0: 616c 6c20 7468 650a 6665 6174 7572 6573 all the.features\n-00002fe0: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f that GRUB suppo\n-00002ff0: 7274 7329 3a0a 0a52 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 rts):..Recognize\n-00003000: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6578 6563 7574 multiple execut\n-00003010: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 0a20 2020 able formats. \n-00003020: 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6d61 6e79 206f Support many o\n-00003030: 6620 7468 6520 e280 9c61 2e6f 7574 e280 f the ...a.out..\n-00003040: 9d20 7661 7269 616e 7473 2070 6c75 7320 . variants plus \n-00003050: e280 9c45 4c46 e280 9d2e 2053 796d 626f ...ELF.... Symbo\n-00003060: 6c20 7461 626c 6573 2061 7265 0a20 2020 l tables are. \n-00003070: 2020 616c 736f 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a also loaded...\n-00003080: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e6f 6e2d 4d75 6c74 Support non-Mult\n-00003090: 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 730a 2020 iboot kernels. \n-000030a0: 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 206d 616e 7920 Support many \n-000030b0: 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6172 696f 7573 2066 of the various f\n-000030c0: 7265 6520 3332 2d62 6974 206b 6572 6e65 ree 32-bit kerne\n-000030d0: 6c73 2074 6861 7420 6c61 636b 204d 756c ls that lack Mul\n-000030e0: 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 tiboot. comp\n-000030f0: 6c69 616e 6365 2028 7072 696d 6172 696c liance (primaril\n-00003100: 7920 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 y FreeBSD, NetBS\n-00003110: 4428 3129 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 D(1) (*note. \n-00003120: 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f Features-Footno\n-00003130: 7465 2d31 3a3a 292c 204f 7065 6e42 5344 te-1::), OpenBSD\n-00003140: 2c20 616e 6420 4c69 6e75 7829 2e20 2043 , and Linux). C\n-00003150: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 660a hain-loading of.\n-00003160: 2020 2020 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 other boot \n-00003170: 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 loaders is also \n-00003180: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 0a0a 4c6f 6164 supported...Load\n-00003190: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6573 206d 6f64 756c multiples modul\n-000031a0: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 4675 6c6c 7920 7375 es. Fully su\n-000031b0: 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 pport the Multib\n-000031c0: 6f6f 7420 6665 6174 7572 6520 6f66 206c oot feature of l\n-000031d0: 6f61 6469 6e67 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 oading multiple \n-000031e0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 4c6f 6164 2061 modules...Load a\n-000031f0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-00003200: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 ile. Support\n-00003210: 2061 2068 756d 616e 2d72 6561 6461 626c a human-readabl\n-00003220: 6520 7465 7874 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 e text configura\n-00003230: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7769 7468 2070 tion file with p\n-00003240: 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 reset boot. \n-00003250: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 commands. You c\n-00003260: 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f an also load ano\n-00003270: 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ther configurati\n-00003280: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 on file dynamica\n-00003290: 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 lly. and emb\n-000032a0: 6564 2061 2070 7265 7365 7420 636f 6e66 ed a preset conf\n-000032b0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 iguration file i\n-000032c0: 6e20 6120 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 n a GRUB image f\n-000032d0: 696c 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 206c ile. The. l\n-000032e0: 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 ist of commands \n-000032f0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a (*note Commands:\n-00003300: 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7570 6572 7365 :) are a superse\n-00003310: 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 t of those. \n-00003320: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 supported on the\n-00003330: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 2020 command-line. \n-00003340: 416e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 An example confi\n-00003350: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6973 guration file is\n-00003360: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2069 . provided i\n-00003370: 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6e66 6967 7572 n *note Configur\n-00003380: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 5072 6f76 6964 ation::...Provid\n-00003390: 6520 6120 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 e a menu interfa\n-000033a0: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6d65 6e75 2069 ce. A menu i\n-000033b0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 206c 6973 7469 6e67 nterface listing\n-000033c0: 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d preset boot com\n-000033d0: 6d61 6e64 732c 2077 6974 6820 6120 7072 mands, with a pr\n-000033e0: 6f67 7261 6d6d 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 ogrammable. \n-000033f0: 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2069 7320 6176 6169 timeout, is avai\n-00003400: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 lable. There is\n-00003410: 206e 6f20 6669 7865 6420 6c69 6d69 7420 no fixed limit \n-00003420: 6f6e 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 on the number of\n-00003430: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 . boot entri\n-00003440: 6573 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6375 7272 es, and the curr\n-00003450: 656e 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 ent implementati\n-00003460: 6f6e 2068 6173 2073 7061 6365 2066 6f72 on has space for\n-00003470: 2073 6576 6572 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6875 several. hu\n-00003480: 6e64 7265 642e 0a0a 4861 7665 2061 2066 ndred...Have a f\n-00003490: 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d lexible command-\n-000034a0: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a20 line interface. \n-000034b0: 2020 2020 4120 6661 6972 6c79 2066 6c65 A fairly fle\n-000034c0: 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 xible command-li\n-000034d0: 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 6163 ne interface, ac\n-000034e0: 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 cessible from th\n-000034f0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 7320 e menu,. is \n-00003500: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2065 6469 available to edi\n-00003510: 7420 616e 7920 7072 6573 6574 2063 6f6d t any preset com\n-00003520: 6d61 6e64 732c 206f 7220 7772 6974 6520 mands, or write \n-00003530: 6120 6e65 7720 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 a new boot. \n-00003540: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7365 7420 6672 6f6d command set from\n-00003550: 2073 6372 6174 6368 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f scratch. If no\n-00003560: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-00003570: 696c 6520 6973 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2c0a ile is present,.\n-00003580: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6472 6f70 7320 GRUB drops \n-00003590: 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c to the command-l\n-000035a0: 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c ine... The l\n-000035b0: 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 ist of commands \n-000035c0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a (*note Commands:\n-000035d0: 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7562 7365 7420 :) are a subset \n-000035e0: 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7375 of those. su\n-000035f0: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 666f 7220 636f 6e66 pported for conf\n-00003600: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e iguration files.\n-00003610: 2020 4564 6974 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e Editing comman\n-00003620: 6473 2063 6c6f 7365 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 ds closely. \n-00003630: 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 7468 6520 4261 resembles the Ba\n-00003640: 7368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 sh command-line \n-00003650: 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6173 683a 2028 6665 (*note Bash: (fe\n-00003660: 6174 7572 6573 2943 6f6d 6d61 6e64 204c atures)Command L\n-00003670: 696e 650a 2020 2020 2045 6469 7469 6e67 ine. Editing\n-00003680: 2e29 2c20 7769 7468 203c 5441 423e 2d63 .), with -c\n-00003690: 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 6f6d ompletion of com\n-000036a0: 6d61 6e64 732c 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c20 mands, devices, \n-000036b0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2c0a 2020 2020 partitions,. \n-000036c0: 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6120 and files in a \n-000036d0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6465 7065 6e64 directory depend\n-000036e0: 696e 6720 6f6e 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2e0a ing on context..\n-000036f0: 0a53 7570 706f 7274 206d 756c 7469 706c .Support multipl\n-00003700: 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 7970 e filesystem typ\n-00003710: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 es. Support \n-00003720: 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2066 696c 6573 7973 multiple filesys\n-00003730: 7465 6d20 7479 7065 7320 7472 616e 7370 tem types transp\n-00003740: 6172 656e 746c 792c 2070 6c75 7320 6120 arently, plus a \n-00003750: 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c useful. expl\n-00003760: 6963 6974 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 206e icit blocklist n\n-00003770: 6f74 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 6375 otation. The cu\n-00003780: 7272 656e 746c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 rrently supporte\n-00003790: 6420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 d filesystem. \n-000037a0: 2020 7479 7065 7320 6172 6520 e280 9c41 types are ...A\n-000037b0: 6d69 6761 2046 6173 7420 4669 6c65 5379 miga Fast FileSy\n-000037c0: 7374 656d 2028 4146 4653 29e2 809d 2c20 stem (AFFS)..., \n-000037d0: e280 9c41 7468 654f 5320 6673 e280 9d2c ...AtheOS fs...,\n-000037e0: 20e2 809c 4265 4653 e280 9d2c 0a20 2020 ...BeFS...,. \n-000037f0: 2020 e280 9c42 7472 4653 e280 9d20 2869 ...BtrFS... (i\n-00003800: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2072 6169 6430 2c20 ncluding raid0, \n-00003810: 7261 6964 312c 2072 6169 6431 302c 2067 raid1, raid10, g\n-00003820: 7a69 7020 616e 6420 6c7a 6f29 2c20 e280 zip and lzo), ..\n-00003830: 9c63 7069 6fe2 809d 0a20 2020 2020 286c .cpio.... (l\n-00003840: 6974 746c 652d 2061 6e64 2062 6967 2d65 ittle- and big-e\n-00003850: 6e64 6961 6e20 6269 6e2c 206f 6463 2061 ndian bin, odc a\n-00003860: 6e64 206e 6577 6320 7661 7269 616e 7473 nd newc variants\n-00003870: 292c 20e2 809c 4c69 6e75 780a 2020 2020 ), ...Linux. \n-00003880: 2065 7874 322f 6578 7433 2f65 7874 34e2 ext2/ext3/ext4.\n-00003890: 809d 2c20 e280 9c44 4f53 2046 4154 3132 .., ...DOS FAT12\n-000038a0: 2f46 4154 3136 2f46 4154 3332 e280 9d2c /FAT16/FAT32...,\n-000038b0: 20e2 809c 6578 4641 54e2 809d 2c20 e280 ...exFAT..., ..\n-000038c0: 9c46 3246 53e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c48 4653 .F2FS..., ...HFS\n-000038d0: e280 9d2c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9c48 4653 ...,. ...HFS\n-000038e0: 2be2 809d 2c20 e280 9c49 534f 3936 3630 +..., ...ISO9660\n-000038f0: e280 9d20 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 204a ... (including J\n-00003900: 6f6c 6965 742c 2052 6f63 6b2d 7269 6467 oliet, Rock-ridg\n-00003910: 6520 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 692d 6368 756e e and multi-chun\n-00003920: 6b0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 292c 20e2 k. files), .\n-00003930: 809c 4a46 53e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c4d 696e ..JFS..., ...Min\n-00003940: 6978 2066 73e2 809d 2028 7665 7273 696f ix fs... (versio\n-00003950: 6e73 2031 2c20 3220 616e 6420 3329 2c20 ns 1, 2 and 3), \n-00003960: e280 9c6e 696c 6673 32e2 809d 2c20 e280 ...nilfs2..., ..\n-00003970: 9c4e 5446 53e2 809d 0a20 2020 2020 2869 .NTFS.... (i\n-00003980: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 ncluding compres\n-00003990: 7369 6f6e 292c 20e2 809c 5265 6973 6572 sion), ...Reiser\n-000039a0: 4653 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 524f 4d46 53e2 FS..., ...ROMFS.\n-000039b0: 809d 2c20 e280 9c41 6d69 6761 2053 6d61 .., ...Amiga Sma\n-000039c0: 7274 0a20 2020 2020 4669 6c65 5379 7374 rt. FileSyst\n-000039d0: 656d 2028 5346 5329 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c em (SFS)..., ...\n-000039e0: 5371 7561 7368 34e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c74 Squash4..., ...t\n-000039f0: 6172 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 5544 46e2 809d ar..., ...UDF...\n-00003a00: 2c20 e280 9c42 5344 2055 4653 2f55 4653 , ...BSD UFS/UFS\n-00003a10: 32e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c58 4653 e280 9d2c 2..., ...XFS...,\n-00003a20: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 9c5a 4653 . and ...ZFS\n-00003a30: e280 9d20 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 206c ... (including l\n-00003a40: 7a6a 622c 2067 7a69 702c 207a 6c65 2c20 zjb, gzip, zle, \n-00003a50: 6d69 7272 6f72 2c20 7374 7269 7065 2c20 mirror, stripe, \n-00003a60: 7261 6964 7a31 2f32 2f33 0a20 2020 2020 raidz1/2/3. \n-00003a70: 616e 6420 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2069 and encryption i\n-00003a80: 6e20 4145 532d 4343 4d20 616e 6420 4145 n AES-CCM and AE\n-00003a90: 532d 4743 4d29 2e20 2a4e 6f74 6520 4669 S-GCM). *Note Fi\n-00003aa0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 3a3a 2c20 666f 720a lesystem::, for.\n-00003ab0: 2020 2020 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d more inform\n-00003ac0: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 ation...Support \n-00003ad0: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 6465 636f 6d70 automatic decomp\n-00003ae0: 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2043 616e ression. Can\n-00003af0: 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 6669 6c65 decompress file\n-00003b00: 7320 7768 6963 6820 7765 7265 2063 6f6d s which were com\n-00003b10: 7072 6573 7365 6420 6279 20e2 8098 677a pressed by ...gz\n-00003b20: 6970 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 787a e280 ip... or ...xz..\n-00003b30: 9928 3229 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 .(2). (*note\n-00003b40: 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f Features-Footno\n-00003b50: 7465 2d32 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2066 te-2::). This f\n-00003b60: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2062 6f74 6820 unction is both \n-00003b70: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 616e 640a 2020 automatic and. \n-00003b80: 2020 2074 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2074 transparent t\n-00003b90: 6f20 7468 6520 7573 6572 2028 692e 652e o the user (i.e.\n-00003ba0: 2020 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 all functions \n-00003bb0: 6f70 6572 6174 6520 7570 6f6e 2074 6865 operate upon the\n-00003bc0: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 . uncompress\n-00003bd0: 6564 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 ed contents of t\n-00003be0: 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 696c he specified fil\n-00003bf0: 6573 292e 2020 5468 6973 2067 7265 6174 es). This great\n-00003c00: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6475 6365 7320 ly. reduces \n-00003c10: 6120 6669 6c65 2073 697a 6520 616e 6420 a file size and \n-00003c20: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2c20 6120 loading time, a \n-00003c30: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2067 7265 particularly gre\n-00003c40: 6174 2062 656e 6566 6974 0a20 2020 2020 at benefit. \n-00003c50: 666f 7220 666c 6f70 7069 6573 2e28 3329 for floppies.(3)\n-00003c60: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 (*note Feature\n-00003c70: 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d33 3a3a 290a s-Footnote-3::).\n-00003c80: 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 636f 6e63 . It is conc\n-00003c90: 6569 7661 626c 6520 7468 6174 2073 6f6d eivable that som\n-00003ca0: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 e kernel modules\n-00003cb0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 206c 6f61 6465 should be loade\n-00003cc0: 6420 696e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 d in a. comp\n-00003cd0: 7265 7373 6564 2073 7461 7465 2c20 736f ressed state, so\n-00003ce0: 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 a different mod\n-00003cf0: 756c 652d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 636f 6d6d ule-loading comm\n-00003d00: 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 and can be. \n-00003d10: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f 2061 766f specified to avo\n-00003d20: 6964 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6e67 id uncompressing\n-00003d30: 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 0a41 the modules...A\n-00003d40: 6363 6573 7320 6461 7461 206f 6e20 616e ccess data on an\n-00003d50: 7920 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6465 7669 y installed devi\n-00003d60: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 ce. Support \n-00003d70: 7265 6164 696e 6720 6461 7461 2066 726f reading data fro\n-00003d80: 6d20 616e 7920 6f72 2061 6c6c 2066 6c6f m any or all flo\n-00003d90: 7070 6965 7320 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 ppies or hard di\n-00003da0: 736b 2873 290a 2020 2020 2072 6563 6f67 sk(s). recog\n-00003db0: 6e69 7a65 6420 6279 2074 6865 2042 494f nized by the BIO\n-00003dc0: 532c 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f S, independent o\n-00003dd0: 6620 7468 6520 7365 7474 696e 6720 6f66 f the setting of\n-00003de0: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2064 the root. d\n-00003df0: 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 4265 2069 6e64 6570 evice...Be indep\n-00003e00: 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 6472 6976 6520 endent of drive \n-00003e10: 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 geometry transla\n-00003e20: 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2055 6e6c 696b tions. Unlik\n-00003e30: 6520 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f e many other boo\n-00003e40: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 732c 2047 5255 4220 t loaders, GRUB \n-00003e50: 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6963 makes the partic\n-00003e60: 756c 6172 2064 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 ular drive. \n-00003e70: 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6972 7265 translation irre\n-00003e80: 6c65 7661 6e74 2e20 2041 2064 7269 7665 levant. 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As d\n-00003ff0: 6573 6372 6962 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 escribed on the \n-00004000: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 Multiboot Specif\n-00004010: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 ication (*note. \n-00004020: 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 Multiboot Sp\n-00004030: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 ecification: (mu\n-00004040: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 292c 206e ltiboot)Top.), n\n-00004050: 6f74 2061 6c6c 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206d ot all kernels m\n-00004060: 616b 6520 7573 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 ake use. of \n-00004070: 7468 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e this information\n-00004080: 2c20 6275 7420 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 , but GRUB provi\n-00004090: 6465 7320 6974 2066 6f72 2074 686f 7365 des it for those\n-000040a0: 2077 686f 2064 6f2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 who do...Suppor\n-000040b0: 7420 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b20 t Logical Block \n-000040c0: 4164 6472 6573 7320 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 Address mode. \n-000040d0: 2020 496e 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c In traditional\n-000040e0: 2064 6973 6b20 6361 6c6c 7320 2863 616c disk calls (cal\n-000040f0: 6c65 6420 e280 9c43 4853 206d 6f64 65e2 led ...CHS mode.\n-00004100: 809d 292c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 ..), there is a \n-00004110: 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7472 geometry. tr\n-00004120: 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 anslation proble\n-00004130: 6d2c 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 m, that is, the \n-00004140: 4249 4f53 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6163 6365 BIOS cannot acce\n-00004150: 7373 206f 7665 7220 3130 3234 0a20 2020 ss over 1024. \n-00004160: 2020 6379 6c69 6e64 6572 732c 2073 6f20 cylinders, so \n-00004170: 7468 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 the accessible s\n-00004180: 7061 6365 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 pace is limited \n-00004190: 746f 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3530 3820 to at least 508 \n-000041a0: 4d42 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 746f 2061 MB. and to a\n-000041b0: 7420 6d6f 7374 2038 4742 2e20 4752 5542 t most 8GB. GRUB\n-000041c0: 2063 616e 2774 2075 6e69 7665 7273 616c can't universal\n-000041d0: 6c79 2073 6f6c 7665 2074 6869 7320 7072 ly solve this pr\n-000041e0: 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2061 730a 2020 2020 2074 oblem, as. t\n-000041f0: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2073 7461 6e64 here is no stand\n-00004200: 6172 6420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7573 ard interface us\n-00004210: 6564 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 6d61 6368 696e ed in all machin\n-00004220: 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c0a 2020 es. However,. \n-00004230: 2020 2073 6576 6572 616c 206e 6577 6572 several newer\n-00004240: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 7320 6861 7665 2074 machines have t\n-00004250: 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 he new interface\n-00004260: 2c20 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b0a , Logical Block.\n-00004270: 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 2028 e280 Address (..\n-00004280: 9c4c 4241 e280 9d29 206d 6f64 652e 2020 .LBA...) mode. \n-00004290: 4752 5542 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c GRUB automatical\n-000042a0: 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7473 2069 6620 4c42 ly detects if LB\n-000042b0: 4120 6d6f 6465 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 A mode is. a\n-000042c0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 7365 vailable and use\n-000042d0: 7320 6974 2069 6620 6176 6169 6c61 626c s it if availabl\n-000042e0: 652e 2020 496e 204c 4241 206d 6f64 652c e. 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You can load\n-00004390: 204f 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 OS images from \n-000043a0: 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6279 2075 7369 a network by usi\n-000043b0: 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 809c 5446 5450 e280 ng the ...TFTP..\n-000043c0: 9d0a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e .. protocol.\n-000043d0: 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6d6f 7465 ..Support remote\n-000043e0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 terminals. \n-000043f0: 546f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2063 6f6d 7075 To support compu\n-00004400: 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2063 6f6e ters with no con\n-00004410: 736f 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 sole, GRUB provi\n-00004420: 6465 7320 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 des remote termi\n-00004430: 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 nal. support\n-00004440: 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 , so that you ca\n-00004450: 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 4752 5542 2066 n control GRUB f\n-00004460: 726f 6d20 6120 7265 6d6f 7465 2068 6f73 rom a remote hos\n-00004470: 742e 2020 4f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7365 t. Only. se\n-00004480: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 rial terminal su\n-00004490: 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 pport is impleme\n-000044a0: 6e74 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6d65 nted at the mome\n-000044b0: 6e74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 nt.....File: gru\n-000044c0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 b.info, Node: F\n-000044d0: 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 eatures-Footnote\n-000044e0: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 s, Up: Features\n-000044f0: 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204e 6574 .. (1) The Net\n-00004500: 4253 442f 6933 3836 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 BSD/i386 kernel \n-00004510: 6973 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d is Multiboot-com\n-00004520: 706c 6961 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6c61 636b pliant, but lack\n-00004530: 7320 7375 7070 6f72 740a 666f 7220 4d75 s support.for Mu\n-00004540: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e ltiboot modules.\n-00004550: 0a0a 2020 2028 3229 204f 6e6c 7920 4352 .. (2) Only CR\n-00004560: 4333 3220 6461 7461 2069 6e74 6567 7269 C32 data integri\n-00004570: 7479 2063 6865 636b 2069 7320 7375 7070 ty check is supp\n-00004580: 6f72 7465 6420 2878 7a20 6465 6661 756c orted (xz defaul\n-00004590: 7420 6973 2043 5243 3634 0a73 6f20 6f6e t is CRC64.so on\n-000045a0: 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 202d 6368 e should use -ch\n-000045b0: 6563 6b3d 6372 6333 3220 6f70 7469 6f6e eck=crc32 option\n-000045c0: 292e 2020 4c5a 4d41 2042 434a 2066 696c ). LZMA BCJ fil\n-000045d0: 7465 7273 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 ters are support\n-000045e0: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2833 2920 5468 6572 ed... (3) Ther\n-000045f0: 6520 6172 6520 6120 6665 7720 7061 7468 e are a few path\n-00004600: 6f6c 6f67 6963 616c 2063 6173 6573 2077 ological cases w\n-00004610: 6865 7265 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2076 here loading a v\n-00004620: 6572 7920 6261 646c 790a 6f72 6761 6e69 ery badly.organi\n-00004630: 7a65 6420 454c 4620 6b65 726e 656c 206d zed ELF kernel m\n-00004640: 6967 6874 2074 616b 6520 6c6f 6e67 6572 ight take longer\n-00004650: 2c20 6275 7420 696e 2070 7261 6374 6963 , but in practic\n-00004660: 6520 7468 6973 206e 6576 6572 0a68 6170 e this never.hap\n-00004670: 7065 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 pen.....File: gr\n-00004680: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00004690: 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c Role of a boot l\n-000046a0: 6f61 6465 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4665 oader, Prev: Fe\n-000046b0: 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 atures, Up: Int\n-000046c0: 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 0a31 2e35 2054 roduction..1.5 T\n-000046d0: 6865 2072 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f he role of a boo\n-000046e0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d t loader.=======\n+000021d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 =============..G\n+000021e0: 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 2072 6577 7269 RUB 2 is a rewri\n+000021f0: 7465 206f 6620 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 te of GRUB (*not\n+00002200: 6520 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a29 2c20 616c e History::), al\n+00002210: 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7420 7368 6172 6573 though it shares\n+00002220: 206d 616e 790a 6368 6172 6163 7465 7269 many.characteri\n+00002230: 7374 6963 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 2070 stics with the p\n+00002240: 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e2c revious version,\n+00002250: 206e 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 4752 now known as GR\n+00002260: 5542 204c 6567 6163 792e 0a55 7365 7273 UB Legacy..Users\n+00002270: 206f 6620 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 of GRUB Legacy \n+00002280: 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2073 6f6d 6520 6775 may need some gu\n+00002290: 6964 616e 6365 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 idance to find t\n+000022a0: 6865 6972 2077 6179 2061 726f 756e 640a heir way around.\n+000022b0: 7468 6973 206e 6577 2076 6572 7369 6f6e this new version\n+000022c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 636f ... ... The co\n+000022d0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+000022e0: 2068 6173 2061 206e 6577 206e 616d 6520 has a new name \n+000022f0: 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 (...grub.cfg... \n+00002300: 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 rather than. \n+00002310: 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 2e6c 7374 e280 9920 ...menu.lst... \n+00002320: 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6f6e 66e2 or ...grub.conf.\n+00002330: 8099 292c 206e 6577 2073 796e 7461 7820 ..), new syntax \n+00002340: 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 (*note Configura\n+00002350: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 616e 640a 2020 2020 tion::) and. \n+00002360: 206d 616e 7920 6e65 7720 636f 6d6d 616e many new comman\n+00002370: 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d 616e ds (*note Comman\n+00002380: 6473 3a3a 292e 2020 436f 6e66 6967 7572 ds::). Configur\n+00002390: 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 650a ation cannot be.\n+000023a0: 2020 2020 2063 6f70 6965 6420 6f76 6572 copied over\n+000023b0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2061 6c74 686f directly, altho\n+000023c0: 7567 6820 6d6f 7374 2047 5255 4220 4c65 ugh most GRUB Le\n+000023d0: 6761 6379 2075 7365 7273 2073 686f 756c gacy users shoul\n+000023e0: 6420 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696e 6420 d not. find \n+000023f0: 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2074 6f6f 2073 the syntax too s\n+00002400: 7572 7072 6973 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 20e2 urprising... .\n+00002410: 80a2 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 .. ...grub.cfg..\n+00002420: 9920 6973 2074 7970 6963 616c 6c79 2061 . is typically a\n+00002430: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2067 656e utomatically gen\n+00002440: 6572 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 9867 7275 erated by ...gru\n+00002450: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a 2020 b-mkconfig.... \n+00002460: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 (*note Simple\n+00002470: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a configuration::\n+00002480: 292e 2020 5468 6973 206d 616b 6573 2069 ). 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A \n+000025d0: 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 small amount of \n+000025e0: 7065 7273 6973 7465 6e74 2073 746f 7261 persistent stora\n+000025f0: 6765 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 ge is available \n+00002600: 6163 726f 7373 2072 6562 6f6f 7473 2c0a across reboots,.\n+00002610: 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 using the .\n+00002620: 8098 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 616e ..save_env... an\n+00002630: 6420 e280 986c 6f61 645f 656e 76e2 8099 d ...load_env...\n+00002640: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 2047 5255 commands in GRU\n+00002650: 4220 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 B and the. .\n+00002660: 8098 6772 7562 2d65 6469 7465 6e76 e280 ..grub-editenv..\n+00002670: 9920 7574 696c 6974 792e 2020 5468 6973 . utility. This\n+00002680: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c is not availabl\n+00002690: 6520 696e 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f e in all. co\n+000026a0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e nfigurations (*n\n+000026b0: 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ote Environment \n+000026c0: 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 block::)... ..\n+000026d0: a220 4752 5542 2032 2068 6173 206d 6f72 . GRUB 2 has mor\n+000026e0: 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2077 6179 7320 e reliable ways \n+000026f0: 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 7320 6f77 6e20 to find its own \n+00002700: 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 7468 6f73 6520 files and those \n+00002710: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7461 7267 6574 206b of. target k\n+00002720: 6572 6e65 6c73 206f 6e20 6d75 6c74 6970 ernels on multip\n+00002730: 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 7374 656d 732c le-disk systems,\n+00002740: 2061 6e64 2068 6173 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and has command\n+00002750: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7365 s (*note. se\n+00002760: 6172 6368 3a3a 2920 746f 2066 696e 6420 arch::) to find \n+00002770: 6465 7669 6365 7320 7573 696e 6720 6669 devices using fi\n+00002780: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 6c73 le system labels\n+00002790: 206f 7220 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 790a or Universally.\n+000027a0: 2020 2020 2055 6e69 7175 6520 4964 656e Unique Iden\n+000027b0: 7469 6669 6572 7320 2855 5549 4473 292e tifiers (UUIDs).\n+000027c0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2047 5255 4220 3220 .. ... GRUB 2 \n+000027d0: 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 is available for\n+000027e0: 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f 7468 6572 2074 several other t\n+000027f0: 7970 6573 206f 6620 7379 7374 656d 2069 ypes of system i\n+00002800: 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 n addition. \n+00002810: 746f 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 to the PC BIOS s\n+00002820: 7973 7465 6d73 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 ystems supported\n+00002830: 2062 7920 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 793a by GRUB Legacy:\n+00002840: 2050 4320 4546 492c 2050 430a 2020 2020 PC EFI, PC. \n+00002850: 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2050 6f77 6572 coreboot, Power\n+00002860: 5043 2c20 5350 4152 432c 2061 6e64 204d PC, SPARC, and M\n+00002870: 4950 5320 4c65 6d6f 7465 2059 6565 6c6f IPS Lemote Yeelo\n+00002880: 6f6e 6720 6172 6520 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 ong are all. \n+00002890: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 supported... \n+000028a0: e280 a220 4d61 6e79 206d 6f72 6520 6669 ... Many more fi\n+000028b0: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2061 7265 2073 le systems are s\n+000028c0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2c20 696e 636c 7564 upported, includ\n+000028d0: 696e 6720 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 6c69 6d69 ing but not limi\n+000028e0: 7465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7434 ted to. ext4\n+000028f0: 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 616e 6420 4e54 4653 , HFS+, and NTFS\n+00002900: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 ... ... GRUB 2\n+00002910: 2063 616e 2072 6561 6420 6669 6c65 7320 can read files \n+00002920: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 directly from LV\n+00002930: 4d20 616e 6420 5241 4944 2064 6576 6963 M and RAID devic\n+00002940: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4120 6772 es... ... A gr\n+00002950: 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c aphical terminal\n+00002960: 2061 6e64 2061 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c and a graphical\n+00002970: 206d 656e 7520 7379 7374 656d 2061 7265 menu system are\n+00002980: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 available... \n+00002990: e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2773 2069 6e74 ... GRUB 2's int\n+000029a0: 6572 6661 6365 2063 616e 2062 6520 7472 erface can be tr\n+000029b0: 616e 736c 6174 6564 2c20 696e 636c 7564 anslated, includ\n+000029c0: 696e 6720 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 206e ing menu entry n\n+000029d0: 616d 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 ames... ... Th\n+000029e0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 7320 282a e image files (*\n+000029f0: 6e6f 7465 2049 6d61 6765 733a 3a29 2074 note Images::) t\n+00002a00: 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 4752 5542 hat make up GRUB\n+00002a10: 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 have been. \n+00002a20: 7265 6f72 6761 6e69 7365 643b 2053 7461 reorganised; Sta\n+00002a30: 6765 2031 2c20 5374 6167 6520 312e 352c ge 1, Stage 1.5,\n+00002a40: 2061 6e64 2053 7461 6765 2032 2061 7265 and Stage 2 are\n+00002a50: 206e 6f20 6d6f 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 no more... ..\n+00002a60: a220 4752 5542 2032 2070 7574 7320 6d61 . GRUB 2 puts ma\n+00002a70: 6e79 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 7320 696e ny facilities in\n+00002a80: 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 dynamically loa\n+00002a90: 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6c6c ded modules, all\n+00002aa0: 6f77 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 owing. the c\n+00002ab0: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2062 6520 ore image to be \n+00002ac0: 736d 616c 6c65 722c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c smaller, and all\n+00002ad0: 6f77 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 owing the core i\n+00002ae0: 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 mage to be. \n+00002af0: 6275 696c 7420 696e 206d 6f72 6520 666c built in more fl\n+00002b00: 6578 6962 6c65 2077 6179 732e 0a0a 1f0a exible ways.....\n+00002b10: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00002b20: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 Node: Features\n+00002b30: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 , Next: Role of\n+00002b40: 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 a boot loader, \n+00002b50: 2050 7265 763a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 Prev: Changes f\n+00002b60: 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c rom GRUB Legacy,\n+00002b70: 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 Up: Introducti\n+00002b80: 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3420 4752 5542 2066 6561 on..1.4 GRUB fea\n+00002b90: 7475 7265 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d tures.==========\n+00002ba0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 7269 =======..The pri\n+00002bb0: 6d61 7279 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 mary requirement\n+00002bc0: 2066 6f72 2047 5255 4220 6973 2074 6861 for GRUB is tha\n+00002bd0: 7420 6974 2062 6520 636f 6d70 6c69 616e t it be complian\n+00002be0: 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 0ae2 809c 4d75 t with the....Mu\n+00002bf0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 ltiboot Specific\n+00002c00: 6174 696f 6ee2 809d 2c20 7768 6963 6820 ation..., which \n+00002c10: 6973 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e20 is described in \n+00002c20: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a *note Multiboot.\n+00002c30: 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 Specification: (\n+00002c40: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 0a0a multiboot)Top...\n+00002c50: 2020 2054 6865 206f 7468 6572 2067 6f61 The other goa\n+00002c60: 6c73 2c20 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 6170 ls, listed in ap\n+00002c70: 7072 6f78 696d 6174 6520 6f72 6465 7220 proximate order \n+00002c80: 6f66 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e63 652c 2061 of importance, a\n+00002c90: 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4261 7369 re:.. ... Basi\n+00002ca0: 6320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6d75 7374 c functions must\n+00002cb0: 2062 6520 7374 7261 6967 6874 666f 7277 be straightforw\n+00002cc0: 6172 6420 666f 7220 656e 642d 7573 6572 ard for end-user\n+00002cd0: 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2052 6963 6820 s... ... Rich \n+00002ce0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 746f functionality to\n+00002cf0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 support kernel \n+00002d00: 6578 7065 7274 7320 616e 6420 6465 7369 experts and desi\n+00002d10: 676e 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2042 gners... ... B\n+00002d20: 6163 6b77 6172 6420 636f 6d70 6174 6962 ackward compatib\n+00002d30: 696c 6974 7920 666f 7220 626f 6f74 696e ility for bootin\n+00002d40: 6720 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 g FreeBSD, NetBS\n+00002d50: 442c 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2c20 616e 640a D, OpenBSD, and.\n+00002d60: 2020 2020 204c 696e 7578 2e20 2050 726f Linux. Pro\n+00002d70: 7072 6965 7461 7279 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 prietary kernels\n+00002d80: 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 444f 532c 2057 (such as DOS, W\n+00002d90: 696e 646f 7773 204e 542c 2061 6e64 204f indows NT, and O\n+00002da0: 532f 3229 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 S/2) are. su\n+00002db0: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7669 6120 6120 6368 pported via a ch\n+00002dc0: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6675 6e63 ain-loading func\n+00002dd0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4578 6365 7074 tion... Except\n+00002de0: 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f for specific co\n+00002df0: 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 6d6f 6465 mpatibility mode\n+00002e00: 7320 2863 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 s (chain-loading\n+00002e10: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 0ae2 and the Linux..\n+00002e20: 809c 7069 6767 7962 6163 6be2 809d 2066 ..piggyback... f\n+00002e30: 6f72 6d61 7429 2c20 616c 6c20 6b65 726e ormat), all kern\n+00002e40: 656c 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7374 6172 els will be star\n+00002e50: 7465 6420 696e 206d 7563 6820 7468 6520 ted in much the \n+00002e60: 7361 6d65 2073 7461 7465 0a61 7320 696e same state.as in\n+00002e70: 2074 6865 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2053 the Multiboot S\n+00002e80: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 204f pecification. O\n+00002e90: 6e6c 7920 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6c6f 6164 nly kernels load\n+00002ea0: 6564 2061 7420 3120 6d65 6761 6279 7465 ed at 1 megabyte\n+00002eb0: 206f 720a 6162 6f76 6520 6172 6520 7072 or.above are pr\n+00002ec0: 6573 656e 746c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 esently supporte\n+00002ed0: 642e 2020 416e 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 d. Any attempt \n+00002ee0: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6265 6c6f 7720 7468 to load below th\n+00002ef0: 6174 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 790a 7769 6c6c at boundary.will\n+00002f00: 2073 696d 706c 7920 7265 7375 6c74 2069 simply result i\n+00002f10: 6e20 696d 6d65 6469 6174 6520 6661 696c n immediate fail\n+00002f20: 7572 6520 616e 6420 616e 2065 7272 6f72 ure and an error\n+00002f30: 206d 6573 7361 6765 2072 6570 6f72 7469 message reporti\n+00002f40: 6e67 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e0a ng.the problem..\n+00002f50: 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 . In addition \n+00002f60: 746f 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 to the requireme\n+00002f70: 6e74 7320 6162 6f76 652c 2047 5255 4220 nts above, GRUB \n+00002f80: 6861 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e has the followin\n+00002f90: 670a 6665 6174 7572 6573 2028 6e6f 7465 g.features (note\n+00002fa0: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 that the Multib\n+00002fb0: 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f oot Specificatio\n+00002fc0: 6e20 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7265 7175 6972 n doesn't requir\n+00002fd0: 6520 616c 6c20 7468 650a 6665 6174 7572 e all the.featur\n+00002fe0: 6573 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2073 7570 es that GRUB sup\n+00002ff0: 706f 7274 7329 3a0a 0a52 6563 6f67 6e69 ports):..Recogni\n+00003000: 7a65 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6578 6563 ze multiple exec\n+00003010: 7574 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 0a20 utable formats. \n+00003020: 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6d61 6e79 Support many\n+00003030: 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 9c61 2e6f 7574 of the ...a.out\n+00003040: e280 9d20 7661 7269 616e 7473 2070 6c75 ... variants plu\n+00003050: 7320 e280 9c45 4c46 e280 9d2e 2053 796d s ...ELF.... Sym\n+00003060: 626f 6c20 7461 626c 6573 2061 7265 0a20 bol tables are. \n+00003070: 2020 2020 616c 736f 206c 6f61 6465 642e also loaded.\n+00003080: 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e6f 6e2d 4d75 ..Support non-Mu\n+00003090: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 730a ltiboot kernels.\n+000030a0: 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 206d 616e Support man\n+000030b0: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6172 696f 7573 y of the various\n+000030c0: 2066 7265 6520 3332 2d62 6974 206b 6572 free 32-bit ker\n+000030d0: 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 6c61 636b 204d nels that lack M\n+000030e0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 636f ultiboot. co\n+000030f0: 6d70 6c69 616e 6365 2028 7072 696d 6172 mpliance (primar\n+00003100: 696c 7920 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 ily FreeBSD, Net\n+00003110: 4253 4428 3129 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 BSD(1) (*note. \n+00003120: 2020 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 Features-Foot\n+00003130: 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292c 204f 7065 6e42 note-1::), OpenB\n+00003140: 5344 2c20 616e 6420 4c69 6e75 7829 2e20 SD, and Linux). \n+00003150: 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f Chain-loading o\n+00003160: 660a 2020 2020 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f f. other boo\n+00003170: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6973 2061 6c73 t loaders is als\n+00003180: 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 0a0a 4c6f o supported...Lo\n+00003190: 6164 206d 756c 7469 706c 6573 206d 6f64 ad multiples mod\n+000031a0: 756c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 4675 6c6c 7920 ules. Fully \n+000031b0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 support the Mult\n+000031c0: 6962 6f6f 7420 6665 6174 7572 6520 6f66 iboot feature of\n+000031d0: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206d 756c 7469 706c loading multipl\n+000031e0: 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 4c6f 6164 e modules...Load\n+000031f0: 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e a configuration\n+00003200: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f file. Suppo\n+00003210: 7274 2061 2068 756d 616e 2d72 6561 6461 rt a human-reada\n+00003220: 626c 6520 7465 7874 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ble text configu\n+00003230: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7769 7468 ration file with\n+00003240: 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 preset boot. \n+00003250: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 2059 6f75 commands. You\n+00003260: 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 can also load a\n+00003270: 6e6f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 nother configura\n+00003280: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6479 6e61 6d69 tion file dynami\n+00003290: 6361 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2065 cally. and e\n+000032a0: 6d62 6564 2061 2070 7265 7365 7420 636f mbed a preset co\n+000032b0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+000032c0: 2069 6e20 6120 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 in a GRUB image\n+000032d0: 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 file. The. \n+000032e0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 list of command\n+000032f0: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s (*note Command\n+00003300: 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7570 6572 s::) are a super\n+00003310: 7365 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 set of those. \n+00003320: 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2074 supported on t\n+00003330: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e he command-line.\n+00003340: 2020 416e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e An example con\n+00003350: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n+00003360: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 is. provided\n+00003370: 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6e66 6967 in *note Config\n+00003380: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 5072 6f76 uration::...Prov\n+00003390: 6964 6520 6120 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 ide a menu inter\n+000033a0: 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6d65 6e75 face. A menu\n+000033b0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 206c 6973 7469 interface listi\n+000033c0: 6e67 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 2063 ng preset boot c\n+000033d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2077 6974 6820 6120 ommands, with a \n+000033e0: 7072 6f67 7261 6d6d 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 programmable. \n+000033f0: 2020 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2069 7320 6176 timeout, is av\n+00003400: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6572 6520 ailable. There \n+00003410: 6973 206e 6f20 6669 7865 6420 6c69 6d69 is no fixed limi\n+00003420: 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 t on the number \n+00003430: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 of. boot ent\n+00003440: 7269 6573 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6375 ries, and the cu\n+00003450: 7272 656e 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 rrent implementa\n+00003460: 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 2073 7061 6365 2066 tion has space f\n+00003470: 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c 0a20 2020 2020 or several. \n+00003480: 6875 6e64 7265 642e 0a0a 4861 7665 2061 hundred...Have a\n+00003490: 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e flexible comman\n+000034a0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line interface\n+000034b0: 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6661 6972 6c79 2066 . A fairly f\n+000034c0: 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d lexible command-\n+000034d0: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 line interface, \n+000034e0: 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 accessible from \n+000034f0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 the menu,. i\n+00003500: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2065 s available to e\n+00003510: 6469 7420 616e 7920 7072 6573 6574 2063 dit any preset c\n+00003520: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 206f 7220 7772 6974 ommands, or writ\n+00003530: 6520 6120 6e65 7720 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 e a new boot. \n+00003540: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7365 7420 6672 command set fr\n+00003550: 6f6d 2073 6372 6174 6368 2e20 2049 6620 om scratch. If \n+00003560: 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e no configuration\n+00003570: 2066 696c 6520 6973 2070 7265 7365 6e74 file is present\n+00003580: 2c0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6472 6f70 ,. GRUB drop\n+00003590: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s to the command\n+000035a0: 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 -line... The\n+000035b0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 list of command\n+000035c0: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s (*note Command\n+000035d0: 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7562 7365 s::) are a subse\n+000035e0: 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 t of those. \n+000035f0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 666f 7220 636f supported for co\n+00003600: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00003610: 732e 2020 4564 6974 696e 6720 636f 6d6d s. Editing comm\n+00003620: 616e 6473 2063 6c6f 7365 6c79 0a20 2020 ands closely. \n+00003630: 2020 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 7468 6520 resembles the \n+00003640: 4261 7368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Bash command-lin\n+00003650: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6173 683a 2028 e (*note Bash: (\n+00003660: 6665 6174 7572 6573 2943 6f6d 6d61 6e64 features)Command\n+00003670: 204c 696e 650a 2020 2020 2045 6469 7469 Line. 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C\n+00003af0: 616e 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 6669 an decompress fi\n+00003b00: 6c65 7320 7768 6963 6820 7765 7265 2063 les which were c\n+00003b10: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6420 6279 20e2 8098 ompressed by ...\n+00003b20: 677a 6970 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 787a gzip... or ...xz\n+00003b30: e280 9928 3229 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f ...(2). (*no\n+00003b40: 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 te Features-Foot\n+00003b50: 6e6f 7465 2d32 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 note-2::). This\n+00003b60: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2062 6f74 function is bot\n+00003b70: 6820 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 616e 640a h automatic and.\n+00003b80: 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 transparent\n+00003b90: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7573 6572 2028 692e to the user (i.\n+00003ba0: 652e 2020 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e e. all function\n+00003bb0: 7320 6f70 6572 6174 6520 7570 6f6e 2074 s operate upon t\n+00003bc0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 756e 636f 6d70 7265 he. uncompre\n+00003bd0: 7373 6564 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 ssed contents of\n+00003be0: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 the specified f\n+00003bf0: 696c 6573 292e 2020 5468 6973 2067 7265 iles). This gre\n+00003c00: 6174 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6475 6365 atly. reduce\n+00003c10: 7320 6120 6669 6c65 2073 697a 6520 616e s a file size an\n+00003c20: 6420 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2c20 d loading time, \n+00003c30: 6120 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2067 a particularly g\n+00003c40: 7265 6174 2062 656e 6566 6974 0a20 2020 reat benefit. \n+00003c50: 2020 666f 7220 666c 6f70 7069 6573 2e28 for floppies.(\n+00003c60: 3329 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 3) (*note Featu\n+00003c70: 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d33 3a3a res-Footnote-3::\n+00003c80: 290a 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 636f ).. It is co\n+00003c90: 6e63 6569 7661 626c 6520 7468 6174 2073 nceivable that s\n+00003ca0: 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c ome kernel modul\n+00003cb0: 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 206c 6f61 es should be loa\n+00003cc0: 6465 6420 696e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 636f ded in a. co\n+00003cd0: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2073 7461 7465 2c20 mpressed state, \n+00003ce0: 736f 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206d so a different m\n+00003cf0: 6f64 756c 652d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 636f odule-loading co\n+00003d00: 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 0a20 2020 mmand can be. \n+00003d10: 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f 2061 specified to a\n+00003d20: 766f 6964 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 void uncompressi\n+00003d30: 6e67 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a ng the modules..\n+00003d40: 0a41 6363 6573 7320 6461 7461 206f 6e20 .Access data on \n+00003d50: 616e 7920 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6465 any installed de\n+00003d60: 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 vice. Suppor\n+00003d70: 7420 7265 6164 696e 6720 6461 7461 2066 t reading data f\n+00003d80: 726f 6d20 616e 7920 6f72 2061 6c6c 2066 rom any or all f\n+00003d90: 6c6f 7070 6965 7320 6f72 2068 6172 6420 loppies or hard \n+00003da0: 6469 736b 2873 290a 2020 2020 2072 6563 disk(s). rec\n+00003db0: 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 6279 2074 6865 2042 ognized by the B\n+00003dc0: 494f 532c 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 IOS, independent\n+00003dd0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7365 7474 696e 6720 of the setting \n+00003de0: 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 of the root. \n+00003df0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 4265 2069 6e64 device...Be ind\n+00003e00: 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 6472 6976 ependent of driv\n+00003e10: 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 2074 7261 6e73 e geometry trans\n+00003e20: 6c61 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2055 6e6c lations. Unl\n+00003e30: 696b 6520 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 ike many other b\n+00003e40: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 732c 2047 5255 oot loaders, GRU\n+00003e50: 4220 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 B makes the part\n+00003e60: 6963 756c 6172 2064 7269 7665 0a20 2020 icular drive. \n+00003e70: 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6972 translation ir\n+00003e80: 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 2e20 2041 2064 7269 relevant. A dri\n+00003e90: 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 6e64 ve installed and\n+00003ea0: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2077 6974 6820 6f6e running with on\n+00003eb0: 650a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 e. translati\n+00003ec0: 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 636f 6e76 6572 on may be conver\n+00003ed0: 7465 6420 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2074 ted to another t\n+00003ee0: 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 686f ranslation witho\n+00003ef0: 7574 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 6164 7665 ut any. adve\n+00003f00: 7273 6520 6566 6665 6374 7320 6f72 2063 rse effects or c\n+00003f10: 6861 6e67 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2773 hanges in GRUB's\n+00003f20: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e0a configuration..\n+00003f30: 0a44 6574 6563 7420 616c 6c20 696e 7374 .Detect all inst\n+00003f40: 616c 6c65 6420 5241 4d0a 2020 2020 2047 alled RAM. G\n+00003f50: 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c RUB can generall\n+00003f60: 7920 6669 6e64 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2069 y find all the i\n+00003f70: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2052 414d 206f 6e20 nstalled RAM on \n+00003f80: 6120 5043 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 650a a PC-compatible.\n+00003f90: 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e20 2049 machine. I\n+00003fa0: 7420 7573 6573 2061 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 t uses an advanc\n+00003fb0: 6564 2042 494f 5320 7175 6572 7920 7465 ed BIOS query te\n+00003fc0: 6368 6e69 7175 6520 666f 7220 6669 6e64 chnique for find\n+00003fd0: 696e 6720 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 206d 656d ing all. mem\n+00003fe0: 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 732e 2020 4173 ory regions. As\n+00003ff0: 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 206f 6e20 7468 described on th\n+00004000: 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 e Multiboot Spec\n+00004010: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 ification (*note\n+00004020: 0a20 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 . 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GR\n+000041c0: 5542 2063 616e 2774 2075 6e69 7665 7273 UB can't univers\n+000041d0: 616c 6c79 2073 6f6c 7665 2074 6869 7320 ally solve this \n+000041e0: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2061 730a 2020 2020 problem, as. \n+000041f0: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2073 7461 there is no sta\n+00004200: 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 ndard interface \n+00004210: 7573 6564 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 6d61 6368 used in all mach\n+00004220: 696e 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c0a ines. However,.\n+00004230: 2020 2020 2073 6576 6572 616c 206e 6577 several new\n+00004240: 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 7320 6861 7665 er machines have\n+00004250: 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e74 6572 6661 the new interfa\n+00004260: 6365 2c20 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 ce, Logical Bloc\n+00004270: 6b0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 2028 k. Address (\n+00004280: e280 9c4c 4241 e280 9d29 206d 6f64 652e ...LBA...) mode.\n+00004290: 2020 4752 5542 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 GRUB automatic\n+000042a0: 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7473 2069 6620 ally detects if \n+000042b0: 4c42 4120 6d6f 6465 2069 730a 2020 2020 LBA mode is. \n+000042c0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 available and u\n+000042d0: 7365 7320 6974 2069 6620 6176 6169 6c61 ses it if availa\n+000042e0: 626c 652e 2020 496e 204c 4241 206d 6f64 ble. In LBA mod\n+000042f0: 652c 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6163 6365 e, GRUB can acce\n+00004300: 7373 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e 7469 ss. the enti\n+00004310: 7265 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 re disk...Suppor\n+00004320: 7420 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e t network bootin\n+00004330: 670a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2062 g. GRUB is b\n+00004340: 6173 6963 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6973 6b2d asically a disk-\n+00004350: 6261 7365 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 based boot loade\n+00004360: 7220 6275 7420 616c 736f 2068 6173 206e r but also has n\n+00004370: 6574 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 etwork. supp\n+00004380: 6f72 742e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f ort. You can lo\n+00004390: 6164 204f 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f ad OS images fro\n+000043a0: 6d20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6279 2075 m a network by u\n+000043b0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 809c 5446 5450 sing the ...TFTP\n+000043c0: e280 9d0a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f .... protoco\n+000043d0: 6c2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6d6f l...Support remo\n+000043e0: 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a20 2020 te terminals. \n+000043f0: 2020 546f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2063 6f6d To support com\n+00004400: 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2063 puters with no c\n+00004410: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f onsole, GRUB pro\n+00004420: 7669 6465 7320 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 vides remote ter\n+00004430: 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f minal. suppo\n+00004440: 7274 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 rt, so that you \n+00004450: 6361 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 4752 5542 can control GRUB\n+00004460: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 7265 6d6f 7465 2068 from a remote h\n+00004470: 6f73 742e 2020 4f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 ost. Only. \n+00004480: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 serial terminal \n+00004490: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c65 support is imple\n+000044a0: 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 6d6f mented at the mo\n+000044b0: 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ment.....File: g\n+000044c0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000044d0: 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f Features-Footno\n+000044e0: 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4665 6174 7572 tes, Up: Featur\n+000044f0: 6573 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204e es.. (1) The N\n+00004500: 6574 4253 442f 6933 3836 206b 6572 6e65 etBSD/i386 kerne\n+00004510: 6c20 6973 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 l is Multiboot-c\n+00004520: 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6c61 ompliant, but la\n+00004530: 636b 7320 7375 7070 6f72 740a 666f 7220 cks support.for \n+00004540: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 Multiboot module\n+00004550: 732e 0a0a 2020 2028 3229 204f 6e6c 7920 s... (2) Only \n+00004560: 4352 4333 3220 6461 7461 2069 6e74 6567 CRC32 data integ\n+00004570: 7269 7479 2063 6865 636b 2069 7320 7375 rity check is su\n+00004580: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 2878 7a20 6465 6661 pported (xz defa\n+00004590: 756c 7420 6973 2043 5243 3634 0a73 6f20 ult is CRC64.so \n+000045a0: 6f6e 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 202d one should use -\n+000045b0: 6368 6563 6b3d 6372 6333 3220 6f70 7469 check=crc32 opti\n+000045c0: 6f6e 292e 2020 4c5a 4d41 2042 434a 2066 on). LZMA BCJ f\n+000045d0: 696c 7465 7273 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f ilters are suppo\n+000045e0: 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2833 2920 5468 rted... (3) Th\n+000045f0: 6572 6520 6172 6520 6120 6665 7720 7061 ere are a few pa\n+00004600: 7468 6f6c 6f67 6963 616c 2063 6173 6573 thological cases\n+00004610: 2077 6865 7265 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 where loading a\n+00004620: 2076 6572 7920 6261 646c 790a 6f72 6761 very badly.orga\n+00004630: 6e69 7a65 6420 454c 4620 6b65 726e 656c nized ELF kernel\n+00004640: 206d 6967 6874 2074 616b 6520 6c6f 6e67 might take long\n+00004650: 6572 2c20 6275 7420 696e 2070 7261 6374 er, but in pract\n+00004660: 6963 6520 7468 6973 206e 6576 6572 0a68 ice this never.h\n+00004670: 6170 7065 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 appen.....File: \n+00004680: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00004690: 3a20 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 : Role of a boot\n+000046a0: 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 loader, Prev: \n+000046b0: 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2049 Features, Up: I\n+000046c0: 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 0a31 2e35 ntroduction..1.5\n+000046d0: 2054 6865 2072 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 The role of a b\n+000046e0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d oot loader.=====\n 000046f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004700: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c ======..The foll\n-00004710: 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 2071 756f 7461 owing is a quota\n-00004720: 7469 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 476f 7264 6f6e tion from Gordon\n-00004730: 204d 6174 7a69 676b 6569 742c 2061 2047 Matzigkeit, a G\n-00004740: 5255 4220 6661 6e61 7469 633a 0a0a 2020 RUB fanatic:.. \n-00004750: 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 7065 6f70 6c65 206c Some people l\n-00004760: 696b 6520 746f 2061 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 ike to acknowled\n-00004770: 6765 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 6f70 6572 ge both the oper\n-00004780: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 ating system and\n-00004790: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 . kernel whe\n-000047a0: 6e20 7468 6579 2074 616c 6b20 6162 6f75 n they talk abou\n-000047b0: 7420 7468 6569 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 t their computer\n-000047c0: 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206d 6967 6874 s, so they might\n-000047d0: 2073 6179 2074 6865 790a 2020 2020 2075 say they. u\n-000047e0: 7365 2022 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7822 206f se \"GNU/Linux\" o\n-000047f0: 7220 2247 4e55 2f48 7572 6422 2e20 204f r \"GNU/Hurd\". O\n-00004800: 7468 6572 2070 656f 706c 6520 7365 656d ther people seem\n-00004810: 2074 6f20 7468 696e 6b20 7468 6174 2074 to think that t\n-00004820: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 he. kernel i\n-00004830: 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 s the most impor\n-00004840: 7461 6e74 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 tant part of the\n-00004850: 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 system, so they\n-00004860: 206c 696b 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6361 like to. ca\n-00004870: 6c6c 2074 6865 6972 2047 4e55 206f 7065 ll their GNU ope\n-00004880: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2022 rating systems \"\n-00004890: 4c69 6e75 7820 7379 7374 656d 732e 220a Linux systems.\".\n-000048a0: 0a20 2020 2020 492c 2070 6572 736f 6e61 . I, persona\n-000048b0: 6c6c 792c 2062 656c 6965 7665 2074 6861 lly, believe tha\n-000048c0: 7420 7468 6973 2069 7320 6120 6772 6176 t this is a grav\n-000048d0: 6520 696e 6a75 7374 6963 652c 2062 6563 e injustice, bec\n-000048e0: 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5f62 ause the. _b\n-000048f0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 5f20 6973 2074 oot loader_ is t\n-00004900: 6865 206d 6f73 7420 696d 706f 7274 616e he most importan\n-00004910: 7420 736f 6674 7761 7265 206f 6620 616c t software of al\n-00004920: 6c2e 2020 4920 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 l. I used to. \n-00004930: 2020 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 refer to the \n-00004940: 6162 6f76 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 6173 above systems as\n-00004950: 2065 6974 6865 7220 224c 494c 4f22 2831 either \"LILO\"(1\n-00004960: 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 ) (*note Role of\n-00004970: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 a. boot loa\n-00004980: 6465 722d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a der-Footnote-1::\n-00004990: 2920 6f72 2022 4752 5542 2220 7379 7374 ) or \"GRUB\" syst\n-000049a0: 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 6e66 6f72 ems... Unfor\n-000049b0: 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 626f 6479 tunately, nobody\n-000049c0: 2065 7665 7220 756e 6465 7273 746f 6f64 ever understood\n-000049d0: 2077 6861 7420 4920 7761 7320 7461 6c6b what I was talk\n-000049e0: 696e 6720 6162 6f75 743b 206e 6f77 0a20 ing about; now. \n-000049f0: 2020 2020 4920 6a75 7374 2075 7365 2074 I just use t\n-00004a00: 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2247 4e55 2220 6173 he word \"GNU\" as\n-00004a10: 2061 2070 7365 7564 6f6e 796d 2066 6f72 a pseudonym for\n-00004a20: 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f2c GRUB... So,\n-00004a30: 2069 6620 796f 7520 6576 6572 2068 6561 if you ever hea\n-00004a40: 7220 7065 6f70 6c65 2074 616c 6b69 6e67 r people talking\n-00004a50: 2061 626f 7574 2074 6865 6972 2061 6c6c about their all\n-00004a60: 6567 6564 2022 474e 5522 0a20 2020 2020 eged \"GNU\". \n-00004a70: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2072 656d 656d 6265 systems, remembe\n-00004a80: 7220 7468 6174 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 r that they are \n-00004a90: 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6179 696e 6720 actually paying \n-00004aa0: 686f 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 homage to the be\n-00004ab0: 7374 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 st. boot loa\n-00004ac0: 6465 7220 6172 6f75 6e64 2e2e 2e20 4752 der around... GR\n-00004ad0: 5542 210a 0a20 2020 5765 2c20 7468 6520 UB!.. We, the \n-00004ae0: 4752 5542 206d 6169 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 GRUB maintainers\n-00004af0: 2c20 646f 206e 6f74 2028 7573 7561 6c6c , do not (usuall\n-00004b00: 7929 2065 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 2047 6f72 y) encourage Gor\n-00004b10: 646f 6e27 7320 6c65 7665 6c0a 6f66 2066 don's level.of f\n-00004b20: 616e 6174 6963 6973 6d2c 2062 7574 2069 anaticism, but i\n-00004b30: 7420 6865 6c70 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d t helps to remem\n-00004b40: 6265 7220 7468 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ber that boot lo\n-00004b50: 6164 6572 7320 6465 7365 7276 650a 7265 aders deserve.re\n-00004b60: 636f 676e 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 5765 2068 cognition. We h\n-00004b70: 6f70 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2065 6e6a ope that you enj\n-00004b80: 6f79 2075 7369 6e67 2047 4e55 2047 5255 oy using GNU GRU\n-00004b90: 4220 6173 206d 7563 6820 6173 2077 6520 B as much as we \n-00004ba0: 6469 640a 7772 6974 696e 6720 6974 2e0a did.writing it..\n-00004bb0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00004bc0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6f6c 6520 fo, Node: Role \n-00004bd0: 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 of a boot loader\n-00004be0: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a -Footnotes, Up:\n-00004bf0: 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 Role of a boot \n-00004c00: 6c6f 6164 6572 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 loader.. (1) T\n-00004c10: 6865 204c 496e 7578 204c 4f61 6465 722c he LInux LOader,\n-00004c20: 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 a boot loader t\n-00004c30: 6861 7420 6576 6572 7962 6f64 7920 7573 hat everybody us\n-00004c40: 6573 2c20 6275 7420 6e6f 626f 6479 0a6c es, but nobody.l\n-00004c50: 696b 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ikes.....File: g\n-00004c60: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00004c70: 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 Naming conventi\n-00004c80: 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 on, Next: OS-sp\n-00004c90: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f ecific notes abo\n-00004ca0: 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 ut grub tools, \n-00004cb0: 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 Prev: Introducti\n-00004cc0: 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3220 on, Up: Top..2 \n-00004cd0: 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f Naming conventio\n-00004ce0: 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a n.**************\n-00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 *****..The devic\n-00004d00: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2075 7365 6420 696e e syntax used in\n-00004d10: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 2077 6565 2062 GRUB is a wee b\n-00004d20: 6974 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 726f it different fro\n-00004d30: 6d20 7768 6174 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a68 m what you may.h\n-00004d40: 6176 6520 7365 656e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 ave seen before \n-00004d50: 696e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e in your operatin\n-00004d60: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2873 292c 2061 6e64 g system(s), and\n-00004d70: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f you need to kno\n-00004d80: 7720 6974 2073 6f0a 7468 6174 2079 6f75 w it so.that you\n-00004d90: 2063 616e 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2064 can specify a d\n-00004da0: 7269 7665 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a rive/partition..\n-00004db0: 0a20 2020 4c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 . Look at the \n-00004dc0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c following exampl\n-00004dd0: 6573 2061 6e64 2065 7870 6c61 6e61 7469 es and explanati\n-00004de0: 6f6e 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 ons:.. (fd0)\n-00004df0: 0a0a 2020 2046 6972 7374 206f 6620 616c .. First of al\n-00004e00: 6c2c 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 6972 6573 l, GRUB requires\n-00004e10: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 that the device\n-00004e20: 206e 616d 6520 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 name be enclose\n-00004e30: 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 0a61 d with ...(....a\n-00004e40: 6e64 20e2 8098 29e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 nd ...).... The\n-00004e50: 20e2 8098 6664 e280 9920 7061 7274 206d ...fd... part m\n-00004e60: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 eans that it is \n-00004e70: 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 a floppy disk. \n-00004e80: 5468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 The number ...0.\n-00004e90: 8099 0a69 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 ...is the drive \n-00004ea0: 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 number, which is\n-00004eb0: 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 2066 726f 6d20 5f7a counted from _z\n-00004ec0: 6572 6f5f 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6578 7072 ero_. This expr\n-00004ed0: 6573 7369 6f6e 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 ession.means tha\n-00004ee0: 7420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 t GRUB will use \n-00004ef0: 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 666c 6f70 7079 the whole floppy\n-00004f00: 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 disk... (hd\n-00004f10: 302c 6d73 646f 7332 290a 0a20 2020 4865 0,msdos2).. He\n-00004f20: 7265 2c20 e280 9868 64e2 8099 206d 6561 re, ...hd... mea\n-00004f30: 6e73 2069 7420 6973 2061 2068 6172 6420 ns it is a hard \n-00004f40: 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2054 6865 disk drive. 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Note tha\n-000051c0: 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 t the partition \n-000051d0: 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 666f 7220 6578 7465 numbers for exte\n-000051e0: 6e64 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 nded partitions \n-000051f0: 6172 650a 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d are.counted from\n-00005200: 20e2 8098 35e2 8099 2c20 7265 6761 7264 ...5..., regard\n-00005210: 6c65 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 6163 7475 less of the actu\n-00005220: 616c 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2070 7269 al number of pri\n-00005230: 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 730a mary partitions.\n-00005240: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 on your hard dis\n-00005250: 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 312c 6d73 k... (hd1,ms\n-00005260: 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3129 0a0a 2020 2054 dos1,bsd1).. T\n-00005270: 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 4253 his means the BS\n-00005280: 4420 e280 9861 e280 9920 7061 7274 6974 D ...a... partit\n-00005290: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2066 6972 7374 2050 4320 ion on first PC \n-000052a0: 736c 6963 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 slice number of \n-000052b0: 7468 650a 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 6420 the.second hard \n-000052c0: 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f66 2063 6f75 disk... Of cou\n-000052d0: 7273 652c 2074 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 rse, to actually\n-000052e0: 2061 6363 6573 7320 7468 6520 6469 736b access the disk\n-000052f0: 7320 6f72 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 s or partitions \n-00005300: 7769 7468 2047 5255 422c 2079 6f75 0a6e with GRUB, you.n\n-00005310: 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 eed to use the d\n-00005320: 6576 6963 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 evice specificat\n-00005330: 696f 6e20 696e 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ion in a command\n-00005340: 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 7365 7420 726f , like ...set ro\n-00005350: 6f74 3d28 6664 3029 e280 990a 6f72 20e2 ot=(fd0)....or .\n-00005360: 8098 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c ..parttool (hd0,\n-00005370: 6d73 646f 7333 2920 6869 6464 656e 2de2 msdos3) hidden-.\n-00005380: 8099 2e20 2054 6f20 6865 6c70 2079 6f75 ... To help you\n-00005390: 2066 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 6820 find out which \n-000053a0: 6e75 6d62 6572 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6573 number.specifies\n-000053b0: 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 a partition you\n-000053c0: 2077 616e 742c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 want, the GRUB \n-000053d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 2a6e command-line (*n\n-000053e0: 6f74 650a 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 ote.Command-line\n-000053f0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2920 6f70 interface::) op\n-00005400: 7469 6f6e 7320 6861 7665 2061 7267 756d tions have argum\n-00005410: 656e 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 ent completion. \n-00005420: 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 730a 7468 6174 This means.that\n-00005430: 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2079 , for example, y\n-00005440: 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 ou only need to \n-00005450: 7479 7065 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2072 type.. set r\n-00005460: 6f6f 743d 280a 0a20 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 oot=(.. follow\n-00005470: 6564 2062 7920 6120 3c54 4142 3e2c 2061 ed by a , a\n-00005480: 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 nd GRUB will dis\n-00005490: 706c 6179 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 play the list of\n-000054a0: 2064 7269 7665 732c 0a70 6172 7469 7469 drives,.partiti\n-000054b0: 6f6e 732c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 206e 616d ons, or file nam\n-000054c0: 6573 2e20 2053 6f20 6974 2073 686f 756c es. So it shoul\n-000054d0: 6420 6265 2071 7569 7465 2065 6173 7920 d be quite easy \n-000054e0: 746f 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 to determine the\n-000054f0: 0a6e 616d 6520 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7461 .name of your ta\n-00005500: 7267 6574 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 rget partition, \n-00005510: 6576 656e 2077 6974 6820 6d69 6e69 6d61 even with minima\n-00005520: 6c20 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 6520 6f66 2074 l knowledge of t\n-00005530: 6865 0a73 796e 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 204e he.syntax... N\n-00005540: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f ote that GRUB do\n-00005550: 6573 205f 6e6f 745f 2064 6973 7469 6e67 es _not_ disting\n-00005560: 7569 7368 2049 4445 2066 726f 6d20 5343 uish IDE from SC\n-00005570: 5349 202d 2069 7420 7369 6d70 6c79 0a63 SI - it simply.c\n-00005580: 6f75 6e74 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 ounts the drive \n-00005590: 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 numbers from zer\n-000055a0: 6f2c 2072 6567 6172 646c 6573 7320 6f66 o, regardless of\n-000055b0: 2074 6865 6972 2074 7970 652e 2020 4e6f their type. No\n-000055c0: 726d 616c 6c79 2c0a 616e 7920 4944 4520 rmally,.any IDE \n-000055d0: 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 7320 drive number is \n-000055e0: 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 616e 7920 5343 less than any SC\n-000055f0: 5349 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c SI drive number,\n-00005600: 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7468 6174 0a69 although that.i\n-00005610: 7320 6e6f 7420 7472 7565 2069 6620 796f s not true if yo\n-00005620: 7520 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f u change the boo\n-00005630: 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 7920 7377 t sequence by sw\n-00005640: 6170 7069 6e67 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 apping IDE and S\n-00005650: 4353 490a 6472 6976 6573 2069 6e20 796f CSI.drives in yo\n-00005660: 7572 2042 494f 532e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f77 ur BIOS... Now\n-00005670: 2074 6865 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 6973 the question is\n-00005680: 2c20 686f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 , how to specify\n-00005690: 2061 2066 696c 653f 2020 4167 6169 6e2c a file? Again,\n-000056a0: 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 616e 0a65 7861 consider an.exa\n-000056b0: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 mple:.. (hd0\n-000056c0: 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a ,msdos1)/vmlinuz\n-000056d0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 .. This specif\n-000056e0: 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d ies the file nam\n-000056f0: 6564 20e2 8098 766d 6c69 6e75 7ae2 8099 ed ...vmlinuz...\n-00005700: 2c20 666f 756e 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 , found on the f\n-00005710: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a6f irst partition.o\n-00005720: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 f the first hard\n-00005730: 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f disk drive. No\n-00005740: 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6172 6775 te that the argu\n-00005750: 6d65 6e74 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 ment completion \n-00005760: 776f 726b 730a 7769 7468 2066 696c 6520 works.with file \n-00005770: 6e61 6d65 732c 2074 6f6f 2e0a 0a20 2020 names, too... \n-00005780: 5468 6174 2077 6173 2065 6173 792c 2061 That was easy, a\n-00005790: 646d 6974 2069 742e 2020 4e6f 7720 7265 dmit it. Now re\n-000057a0: 6164 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 6368 6170 ad the next chap\n-000057b0: 7465 722c 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 206f 7574 ter, to find out\n-000057c0: 2068 6f77 0a74 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 how.to actually\n-000057d0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e install GRUB on\n-000057e0: 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a your drive.....\n-000057f0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00005800: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 Node: OS-speci\n-00005810: 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 fic notes about \n-00005820: 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 grub tools, Nex\n-00005830: 743a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c t: Installation,\n-00005840: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 Prev: Naming c\n-00005850: 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 onvention, Up: \n-00005860: 546f 700a 0a33 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 Top..3 OS-specif\n-00005870: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 ic notes about g\n-00005880: 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a rub tools.******\n+00004700: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f ========..The fo\n+00004710: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 2071 756f llowing is a quo\n+00004720: 7461 7469 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 476f 7264 tation from Gord\n+00004730: 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b 6569 742c 2061 on Matzigkeit, a\n+00004740: 2047 5255 4220 6661 6e61 7469 633a 0a0a GRUB fanatic:..\n+00004750: 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 7065 6f70 6c65 Some people\n+00004760: 206c 696b 6520 746f 2061 636b 6e6f 776c like to acknowl\n+00004770: 6564 6765 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 6f70 edge both the op\n+00004780: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 erating system a\n+00004790: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2077 nd. kernel w\n+000047a0: 6865 6e20 7468 6579 2074 616c 6b20 6162 hen they talk ab\n+000047b0: 6f75 7420 7468 6569 7220 636f 6d70 7574 out their comput\n+000047c0: 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206d 6967 ers, so they mig\n+000047d0: 6874 2073 6179 2074 6865 790a 2020 2020 ht say they. \n+000047e0: 2075 7365 2022 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7822 use \"GNU/Linux\"\n+000047f0: 206f 7220 2247 4e55 2f48 7572 6422 2e20 or \"GNU/Hurd\". \n+00004800: 204f 7468 6572 2070 656f 706c 6520 7365 Other people se\n+00004810: 656d 2074 6f20 7468 696e 6b20 7468 6174 em to think that\n+00004820: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c the. kernel\n+00004830: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 is the most imp\n+00004840: 6f72 7461 6e74 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 ortant part of t\n+00004850: 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 he system, so th\n+00004860: 6579 206c 696b 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ey like to. \n+00004870: 6361 6c6c 2074 6865 6972 2047 4e55 206f call their GNU o\n+00004880: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n+00004890: 2022 4c69 6e75 7820 7379 7374 656d 732e \"Linux systems.\n+000048a0: 220a 0a20 2020 2020 492c 2070 6572 736f \".. I, perso\n+000048b0: 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 656c 6965 7665 2074 nally, believe t\n+000048c0: 6861 7420 7468 6973 2069 7320 6120 6772 hat this is a gr\n+000048d0: 6176 6520 696e 6a75 7374 6963 652c 2062 ave injustice, b\n+000048e0: 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ecause the. \n+000048f0: 5f62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 5f20 6973 _boot loader_ is\n+00004900: 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 696d 706f 7274 the most import\n+00004910: 616e 7420 736f 6674 7761 7265 206f 6620 ant software of \n+00004920: 616c 6c2e 2020 4920 7573 6564 2074 6f0a all. I used to.\n+00004930: 2020 2020 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7468 refer to th\n+00004940: 6520 6162 6f76 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 e above systems \n+00004950: 6173 2065 6974 6865 7220 224c 494c 4f22 as either \"LILO\"\n+00004960: 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2052 6f6c 6520 (1) (*note Role \n+00004970: 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c of a. boot l\n+00004980: 6f61 6465 722d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 oader-Footnote-1\n+00004990: 3a3a 2920 6f72 2022 4752 5542 2220 7379 ::) or \"GRUB\" sy\n+000049a0: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 6e66 stems... Unf\n+000049b0: 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 626f ortunately, nobo\n+000049c0: 6479 2065 7665 7220 756e 6465 7273 746f dy ever understo\n+000049d0: 6f64 2077 6861 7420 4920 7761 7320 7461 od what I was ta\n+000049e0: 6c6b 696e 6720 6162 6f75 743b 206e 6f77 lking about; now\n+000049f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4920 6a75 7374 2075 7365 . I just use\n+00004a00: 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2247 4e55 2220 the word \"GNU\" \n+00004a10: 6173 2061 2070 7365 7564 6f6e 796d 2066 as a pseudonym f\n+00004a20: 6f72 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 or GRUB... S\n+00004a30: 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6576 6572 2068 o, if you ever h\n+00004a40: 6561 7220 7065 6f70 6c65 2074 616c 6b69 ear people talki\n+00004a50: 6e67 2061 626f 7574 2074 6865 6972 2061 ng about their a\n+00004a60: 6c6c 6567 6564 2022 474e 5522 0a20 2020 lleged \"GNU\". \n+00004a70: 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2072 656d 656d systems, remem\n+00004a80: 6265 7220 7468 6174 2074 6865 7920 6172 ber that they ar\n+00004a90: 6520 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6179 696e e actually payin\n+00004aa0: 6720 686f 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 7468 6520 g homage to the \n+00004ab0: 6265 7374 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c best. boot l\n+00004ac0: 6f61 6465 7220 6172 6f75 6e64 2e2e 2e20 oader around... \n+00004ad0: 4752 5542 210a 0a20 2020 5765 2c20 7468 GRUB!.. We, th\n+00004ae0: 6520 4752 5542 206d 6169 6e74 6169 6e65 e GRUB maintaine\n+00004af0: 7273 2c20 646f 206e 6f74 2028 7573 7561 rs, do not (usua\n+00004b00: 6c6c 7929 2065 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 2047 lly) encourage G\n+00004b10: 6f72 646f 6e27 7320 6c65 7665 6c0a 6f66 ordon's level.of\n+00004b20: 2066 616e 6174 6963 6973 6d2c 2062 7574 fanaticism, but\n+00004b30: 2069 7420 6865 6c70 7320 746f 2072 656d it helps to rem\n+00004b40: 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 ember that boot \n+00004b50: 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6465 7365 7276 650a loaders deserve.\n+00004b60: 7265 636f 676e 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 5765 recognition. We\n+00004b70: 2068 6f70 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2065 hope that you e\n+00004b80: 6e6a 6f79 2075 7369 6e67 2047 4e55 2047 njoy using GNU G\n+00004b90: 5255 4220 6173 206d 7563 6820 6173 2077 RUB as much as w\n+00004ba0: 6520 6469 640a 7772 6974 696e 6720 6974 e did.writing it\n+00004bb0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00004bc0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6f6c info, Node: Rol\n+00004bd0: 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 e of a boot load\n+00004be0: 6572 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 er-Footnotes, U\n+00004bf0: 703a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f p: Role of a boo\n+00004c00: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 t loader.. (1)\n+00004c10: 2054 6865 204c 496e 7578 204c 4f61 6465 The LInux LOade\n+00004c20: 722c 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 r, a boot loader\n+00004c30: 2074 6861 7420 6576 6572 7962 6f64 7920 that everybody \n+00004c40: 7573 6573 2c20 6275 7420 6e6f 626f 6479 uses, but nobody\n+00004c50: 0a6c 696b 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a .likes.....File:\n+00004c60: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00004c70: 653a 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e e: Naming conven\n+00004c80: 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d tion, Next: OS-\n+00004c90: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 specific notes a\n+00004ca0: 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c bout grub tools,\n+00004cb0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 Prev: Introduc\n+00004cc0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a tion, Up: Top..\n+00004cd0: 3220 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 2 Naming convent\n+00004ce0: 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ion.************\n+00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 *******..The dev\n+00004d00: 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2075 7365 6420 ice syntax used \n+00004d10: 696e 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 2077 6565 in GRUB is a wee\n+00004d20: 2062 6974 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 bit different f\n+00004d30: 726f 6d20 7768 6174 2079 6f75 206d 6179 rom what you may\n+00004d40: 0a68 6176 6520 7365 656e 2062 6566 6f72 .have seen befor\n+00004d50: 6520 696e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 e in your operat\n+00004d60: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2873 292c 2061 ing system(s), a\n+00004d70: 6e64 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 206b nd you need to k\n+00004d80: 6e6f 7720 6974 2073 6f0a 7468 6174 2079 now it so.that y\n+00004d90: 6f75 2063 616e 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 ou can specify a\n+00004da0: 2064 7269 7665 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e drive/partition\n+00004db0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 ... Look at th\n+00004dc0: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d e following exam\n+00004dd0: 706c 6573 2061 6e64 2065 7870 6c61 6e61 ples and explana\n+00004de0: 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6664 tions:.. (fd\n+00004df0: 3029 0a0a 2020 2046 6972 7374 206f 6620 0).. First of \n+00004e00: 616c 6c2c 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 6972 all, GRUB requir\n+00004e10: 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 es that the devi\n+00004e20: 6365 206e 616d 6520 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f ce name be enclo\n+00004e30: 7365 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 sed with ...(...\n+00004e40: 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 29e2 8099 2e20 2054 .and ...).... T\n+00004e50: 6865 20e2 8098 6664 e280 9920 7061 7274 he ...fd... part\n+00004e60: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 means that it i\n+00004e70: 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e s a floppy disk.\n+00004e80: 2020 5468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 20e2 8098 The number ...\n+00004e90: 30e2 8099 0a69 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 0....is the driv\n+00004ea0: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 e number, which \n+00004eb0: 6973 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 2066 726f 6d20 is counted from \n+00004ec0: 5f7a 6572 6f5f 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6578 _zero_. This ex\n+00004ed0: 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 pression.means t\n+00004ee0: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7573 hat GRUB will us\n+00004ef0: 6520 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 666c 6f70 e the whole flop\n+00004f00: 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 py disk... (\n+00004f10: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 290a 0a20 2020 hd0,msdos2).. \n+00004f20: 4865 7265 2c20 e280 9868 64e2 8099 206d Here, ...hd... m\n+00004f30: 6561 6e73 2069 7420 6973 2061 2068 6172 eans it is a har\n+00004f40: 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2054 d disk drive. T\n+00004f50: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2069 6e74 6567 6572 he first integer\n+00004f60: 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 ...0....indicat\n+00004f70: 6573 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d es the drive num\n+00004f80: 6265 722c 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 ber, that is, th\n+00004f90: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 e first hard dis\n+00004fa0: 6b2c 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a e280 k, the string...\n+00004fb0: 986d 7364 6f73 e280 9920 696e 6469 6361 .msdos... indica\n+00004fc0: 7465 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f tes the partitio\n+00004fd0: 6e20 7363 6865 6d65 2c20 7768 696c 6520 n scheme, while \n+00004fe0: 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2069 6e74 6567 the second integ\n+00004ff0: 6572 2c20 e280 9832 e280 992c 0a69 6e64 er, ...2...,.ind\n+00005000: 6963 6174 6573 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 icates the parti\n+00005010: 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 286f 7220 tion number (or \n+00005020: 7468 6520 5043 2073 6c69 6365 206e 756d the PC slice num\n+00005030: 6265 7220 696e 2074 6865 2042 5344 0a74 ber in the BSD.t\n+00005040: 6572 6d69 6e6f 6c6f 6779 292e 2020 5468 erminology). Th\n+00005050: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 e partition numb\n+00005060: 6572 7320 6172 6520 636f 756e 7465 6420 ers are counted \n+00005070: 6672 6f6d 205f 6f6e 655f 2c20 6e6f 7420 from _one_, not \n+00005080: 6672 6f6d 0a7a 6572 6f20 2861 7320 7761 from.zero (as wa\n+00005090: 7320 7468 6520 6361 7365 2069 6e20 7072 s the case in pr\n+000050a0: 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 evious versions \n+000050b0: 6f66 2047 5255 4229 2e20 5468 6973 2065 of GRUB). This e\n+000050c0: 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 6d65 616e 7320 xpression.means \n+000050d0: 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 7469 the second parti\n+000050e0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 tion of the firs\n+000050f0: 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 t hard disk driv\n+00005100: 652e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 e. In this case\n+00005110: 2c0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6f6e 6520 ,.GRUB uses one \n+00005120: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 partition of the\n+00005130: 2064 6973 6b2c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f disk, instead o\n+00005140: 6620 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b f the whole disk\n+00005150: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 ... (hd0,msd\n+00005160: 6f73 3529 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 os5).. This sp\n+00005170: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 ecifies the firs\n+00005180: 7420 e280 9c65 7874 656e 6465 6420 7061 t ...extended pa\n+00005190: 7274 6974 696f 6ee2 809d 206f 6620 7468 rtition... of th\n+000051a0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 e first hard dis\n+000051b0: 6b0a 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 k.drive. Note t\n+000051c0: 6861 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f hat the partitio\n+000051d0: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 666f 7220 6578 n numbers for ex\n+000051e0: 7465 6e64 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e tended partition\n+000051f0: 7320 6172 650a 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 s are.counted fr\n+00005200: 6f6d 20e2 8098 35e2 8099 2c20 7265 6761 om ...5..., rega\n+00005210: 7264 6c65 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 6163 rdless of the ac\n+00005220: 7475 616c 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2070 tual number of p\n+00005230: 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e rimary partition\n+00005240: 730a 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 s.on your hard d\n+00005250: 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 312c isk... (hd1,\n+00005260: 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3129 0a0a 2020 msdos1,bsd1).. \n+00005270: 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 This means the \n+00005280: 4253 4420 e280 9861 e280 9920 7061 7274 BSD ...a... part\n+00005290: 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2066 6972 7374 2050 ition on first P\n+000052a0: 4320 736c 6963 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f C slice number o\n+000052b0: 6620 7468 650a 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 f the.second har\n+000052c0: 6420 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f66 2063 d disk... Of c\n+000052d0: 6f75 7273 652c 2074 6f20 6163 7475 616c ourse, to actual\n+000052e0: 6c79 2061 6363 6573 7320 7468 6520 6469 ly access the di\n+000052f0: 736b 7320 6f72 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e sks or partition\n+00005300: 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 422c 2079 6f75 s with GRUB, you\n+00005310: 0a6e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 .need to use the\n+00005320: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 device specific\n+00005330: 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 ation in a comma\n+00005340: 6e64 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 7365 7420 nd, like ...set \n+00005350: 726f 6f74 3d28 6664 3029 e280 990a 6f72 root=(fd0)....or\n+00005360: 20e2 8098 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 ...parttool (hd\n+00005370: 302c 6d73 646f 7333 2920 6869 6464 656e 0,msdos3) hidden\n+00005380: 2de2 8099 2e20 2054 6f20 6865 6c70 2079 -.... To help y\n+00005390: 6f75 2066 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 ou find out whic\n+000053a0: 6820 6e75 6d62 6572 0a73 7065 6369 6669 h number.specifi\n+000053b0: 6573 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 es a partition y\n+000053c0: 6f75 2077 616e 742c 2074 6865 2047 5255 ou want, the GRU\n+000053d0: 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 B command-line (\n+000053e0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 *note.Command-li\n+000053f0: 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2920 ne interface::) \n+00005400: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6861 7665 2061 7267 options have arg\n+00005410: 756d 656e 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e ument completion\n+00005420: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 730a 7468 . This means.th\n+00005430: 6174 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c at, for example,\n+00005440: 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 you only need t\n+00005450: 6f20 7479 7065 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 o type.. set\n+00005460: 2072 6f6f 743d 280a 0a20 2020 666f 6c6c root=(.. foll\n+00005470: 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6120 3c54 4142 3e2c owed by a ,\n+00005480: 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2064 and GRUB will d\n+00005490: 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 isplay the list \n+000054a0: 6f66 2064 7269 7665 732c 0a70 6172 7469 of drives,.parti\n+000054b0: 7469 6f6e 732c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 206e tions, or file n\n+000054c0: 616d 6573 2e20 2053 6f20 6974 2073 686f ames. So it sho\n+000054d0: 756c 6420 6265 2071 7569 7465 2065 6173 uld be quite eas\n+000054e0: 7920 746f 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2074 y to determine t\n+000054f0: 6865 0a6e 616d 6520 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 he.name of your \n+00005500: 7461 7267 6574 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e target partition\n+00005510: 2c20 6576 656e 2077 6974 6820 6d69 6e69 , even with mini\n+00005520: 6d61 6c20 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 6520 6f66 mal knowledge of\n+00005530: 2074 6865 0a73 796e 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 the.syntax... \n+00005540: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 Note that GRUB \n+00005550: 646f 6573 205f 6e6f 745f 2064 6973 7469 does _not_ disti\n+00005560: 6e67 7569 7368 2049 4445 2066 726f 6d20 nguish IDE from \n+00005570: 5343 5349 202d 2069 7420 7369 6d70 6c79 SCSI - it simply\n+00005580: 0a63 6f75 6e74 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 .counts the driv\n+00005590: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 207a e numbers from z\n+000055a0: 6572 6f2c 2072 6567 6172 646c 6573 7320 ero, regardless \n+000055b0: 6f66 2074 6865 6972 2074 7970 652e 2020 of their type. \n+000055c0: 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c0a 616e 7920 4944 Normally,.any ID\n+000055d0: 4520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 E drive number i\n+000055e0: 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 616e 7920 s less than any \n+000055f0: 5343 5349 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 SCSI drive numbe\n+00005600: 722c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7468 6174 r, although that\n+00005610: 0a69 7320 6e6f 7420 7472 7565 2069 6620 .is not true if \n+00005620: 796f 7520 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 you change the b\n+00005630: 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 7920 oot sequence by \n+00005640: 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2049 4445 2061 6e64 swapping IDE and\n+00005650: 2053 4353 490a 6472 6976 6573 2069 6e20 SCSI.drives in \n+00005660: 796f 7572 2042 494f 532e 0a0a 2020 204e your BIOS... N\n+00005670: 6f77 2074 6865 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 ow the question \n+00005680: 6973 2c20 686f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 is, how to speci\n+00005690: 6679 2061 2066 696c 653f 2020 4167 6169 fy a file? Agai\n+000056a0: 6e2c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 616e 0a65 n, consider an.e\n+000056b0: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 xample:.. (h\n+000056c0: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 2f76 6d6c 696e d0,msdos1)/vmlin\n+000056d0: 757a 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 uz.. This spec\n+000056e0: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e ifies the file n\n+000056f0: 616d 6564 20e2 8098 766d 6c69 6e75 7ae2 amed ...vmlinuz.\n+00005700: 8099 2c20 666f 756e 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 .., found on the\n+00005710: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first partition\n+00005720: 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 .of the first ha\n+00005730: 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 rd disk drive. \n+00005740: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6172 Note that the ar\n+00005750: 6775 6d65 6e74 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f gument completio\n+00005760: 6e20 776f 726b 730a 7769 7468 2066 696c n works.with fil\n+00005770: 6520 6e61 6d65 732c 2074 6f6f 2e0a 0a20 e names, too... \n+00005780: 2020 5468 6174 2077 6173 2065 6173 792c That was easy,\n+00005790: 2061 646d 6974 2069 742e 2020 4e6f 7720 admit it. Now \n+000057a0: 7265 6164 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 6368 read the next ch\n+000057b0: 6170 7465 722c 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 206f apter, to find o\n+000057c0: 7574 2068 6f77 0a74 6f20 6163 7475 616c ut how.to actual\n+000057d0: 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 ly install GRUB \n+000057e0: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 652e 0a0a on your drive...\n+000057f0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00005800: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 o, Node: OS-spe\n+00005810: 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 cific notes abou\n+00005820: 7420 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 2c20 204e t grub tools, N\n+00005830: 6578 743a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f ext: Installatio\n+00005840: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 n, Prev: Naming\n+00005850: 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 convention, Up\n+00005860: 3a20 546f 700a 0a33 204f 532d 7370 6563 : Top..3 OS-spec\n+00005870: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 ific notes about\n+00005880: 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 730a 2a2a 2a2a grub tools.****\n 00005890: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n-000058b0: 4f6e 204f 5320 7768 6963 6820 6861 7665 On OS which have\n-000058c0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e6f 6465 7320 7369 device nodes si\n-000058d0: 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2055 6e69 782d 6c69 milar to Unix-li\n-000058e0: 6b65 204f 5320 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 ke OS GRUB tools\n-000058f0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a4f 5320 6e61 6d65 use the.OS name\n-00005900: 2e20 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 . E.g. for GNU\n-00005910: 2f4c 696e 7578 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 /Linux:.. # \n-00005920: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 grub-install /de\n-00005930: 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2041 524f v/sda.. On ARO\n-00005940: 5320 7765 2075 7365 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 S we use another\n-00005950: 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 466f 7220 766f syntax. For vo\n-00005960: 6c75 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a lumes:.. //:\n-00005970: 3c76 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 3e0a 0a20 .. \n-00005980: 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a E.g... //:\n-00005990: 4448 300a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b DH0.. For disk\n-000059a0: 7320 7765 2075 7365 2073 796e 7461 783a s we use syntax:\n-000059b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2f2f 3a3c 6472 6976 6572 . //:/unit/flag\n-000059d0: 730a 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 s.. E.g... \n-000059e0: 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 # grub-install \n-000059f0: 2f2f 3a61 7461 2e64 6576 6963 652f 302f //:ata.device/0/\n-00005a00: 300a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2057 696e 646f 7773 0.. On Windows\n-00005a10: 2077 6520 7573 6520 554e 4320 7061 7468 we use UNC path\n-00005a20: 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 2069 . For volumes i\n-00005a30: 7427 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 790a 0a20 t's typically.. \n-00005a40: 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c 566f 6c75 6d65 7b3c \\\\?\\Volume{<\n-00005a50: 4755 4944 3e7d 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c GUID>}. \\\\?\\\n-00005a60: 3c64 7269 7665 206c 6574 7465 723e 3a0a :.\n-00005a70: 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 205c . E.g... \\\n-00005a80: 5c3f 5c56 6f6c 756d 657b 3137 6633 3464 \\?\\Volume{17f34d\n-00005a90: 3530 2d63 6636 342d 3462 3032 2d38 3030 50-cf64-4b02-800\n-00005aa0: 652d 3531 6437 3963 3361 6132 6666 7d0a e-51d79c3aa2ff}.\n-00005ab0: 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c43 3a0a 0a20 2020 \\\\?\\C:.. \n-00005ac0: 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 6974 2773 0a0a For disks it's..\n-00005ad0: 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 \\\\?\\Physica\n-00005ae0: 6c44 7269 7665 3c6e 756d 6265 723e 0a0a lDrive..\n-00005af0: 2020 2045 2e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 E.g... # \n-00005b00: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 205c 5c3f grub-install \\\\?\n-00005b10: 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 300a \\PhysicalDrive0.\n-00005b20: 0a20 2020 4265 7761 7265 2074 6861 7420 . Beware that \n-00005b30: 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 you may need to \n-00005b40: 6675 7274 6865 7220 6573 6361 7065 2074 further escape t\n-00005b50: 6865 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 6573 2064 he backslashes d\n-00005b60: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 0a6f 6e20 796f 7572 epending.on your\n-00005b70: 2073 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e shell... When\n-00005b80: 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 7769 7468 2063 compiled with c\n-00005b90: 7967 7769 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 ygwin support th\n-00005ba0: 656e 2063 7967 7769 6e20 6472 6976 6520 en cygwin drive \n-00005bb0: 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 650a 6175 746f 6d61 names are.automa\n-00005bc0: 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7768 656e 206e 6565 tically when nee\n-00005bd0: 6465 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 ded. E.g... \n-00005be0: 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 # grub-install \n-00005bf0: 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 /dev/sda....File\n-00005c00: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00005c10: 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e de: Installation\n-00005c20: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 , Next: Booting\n-00005c30: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 532d 7370 6563 , Prev: OS-spec\n-00005c40: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 ific notes about\n-00005c50: 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5570 grub tools, Up\n-00005c60: 3a20 546f 700a 0a34 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c : Top..4 Install\n-00005c70: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ation.**********\n-00005c80: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 206f 7264 6572 2074 ****..In order t\n-00005c90: 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2061 o install GRUB a\n-00005ca0: 7320 796f 7572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 s your boot load\n-00005cb0: 6572 2c20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 er, you need to \n-00005cc0: 6669 7273 7420 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 7468 first install.th\n-00005cd0: 6520 4752 5542 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e e GRUB system an\n-00005ce0: 6420 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 756e 6465 d utilities unde\n-00005cf0: 7220 796f 7572 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 r your UNIX-like\n-00005d00: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-00005d10: 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 6274 6169 6e69 m.(*note Obtaini\n-00005d20: 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 ng and Building \n-00005d30: 4752 5542 3a3a 292e 2020 596f 7520 6361 GRUB::). You ca\n-00005d40: 6e20 646f 2074 6869 7320 6569 7468 6572 n do this either\n-00005d50: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 736f 7572 6365 from the.source\n-00005d60: 2074 6172 6261 6c6c 2c20 6f72 2061 7320 tarball, or as \n-00005d70: 6120 7061 636b 6167 6520 666f 7220 796f a package for yo\n-00005d80: 7572 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 ur OS... After\n-00005d90: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 646f 6e65 2074 you have done t\n-00005da0: 6861 742c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f hat, you need to\n-00005db0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f install the boo\n-00005dc0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 610a 6472 t loader on a.dr\n-00005dd0: 6976 6520 2866 6c6f 7070 7920 6f72 2068 ive (floppy or h\n-00005de0: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2920 6279 2075 7369 ard disk) by usi\n-00005df0: 6e67 2074 6865 2075 7469 6c69 7479 20e2 ng the utility .\n-00005e00: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n-00005e10: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a49 6e76 6f6b 696e . (*note.Invokin\n-00005e20: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a g grub-install::\n-00005e30: 2920 6f6e 2061 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 ) on a UNIX-like\n-00005e40: 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 636f OS... GRUB co\n-00005e50: 6d65 7320 7769 7468 2062 6f6f 7420 696d mes with boot im\n-00005e60: 6167 6573 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 ages, which are \n-00005e70: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2070 7574 2069 6e20 normally put in \n-00005e80: 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a e280 the directory...\n-00005e90: 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f3c ./usr/lib/grub/<\n-00005ea0: 6370 753e 2d3c 706c 6174 666f 726d 3ee2 cpu>-.\n-00005eb0: 8099 2028 666f 7220 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 .. (for BIOS-bas\n-00005ec0: 6564 206d 6163 6869 6e65 730a e280 982f ed machines..../\n-00005ed0: 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 usr/lib/grub/i38\n-00005ee0: 362d 7063 e280 9929 2e20 2048 6572 6561 6-pc...). Herea\n-00005ef0: 6674 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 fter, the direct\n-00005f00: 6f72 7920 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2069 ory where GRUB i\n-00005f10: 6d61 6765 730a 6172 6520 696e 6974 6961 mages.are initia\n-00005f20: 6c6c 7920 706c 6163 6564 2028 6e6f 726d lly placed (norm\n-00005f30: 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 ally .../usr/lib\n-00005f40: 2f67 7275 622f 3c63 7075 3e2d 3c70 6c61 /grub/-...) will \n-00005f60: 6265 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 e280 be.called the ..\n-00005f70: 9c69 6d61 6765 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 .image directory\n-00005f80: e280 9d2c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2064 6972 ..., and the dir\n-00005f90: 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 ectory where the\n-00005fa0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a6e 6565 boot loader.nee\n-00005fb0: 6473 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6d20 ds to find them \n-00005fc0: 2875 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f (usually .../boo\n-00005fd0: 74e2 8099 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 t...) will be ca\n-00005fe0: 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 lled the ...boot\n-00005ff0: 0a64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2e 0a0a .directory......\n-00006000: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e73 7461 * Menu:..* Insta\n-00006010: 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 lling GRUB using\n-00006020: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a0a grub-install::.\n-00006030: 2a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 * Making a GRUB \n-00006040: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a bootable CD-ROM:\n-00006050: 3a0a 2a20 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a :.* Device map::\n-00006060: 0a2a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 .* BIOS installa\n-00006070: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 tion::....File: \n-00006080: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00006090: 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 : Installing GRU\n-000060a0: 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 B using grub-ins\n-000060b0: 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 616b tall, Next: Mak\n-000060c0: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a GRUB boota\n-000060d0: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a ble CD-ROM, Up:\n-000060e0: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 Installation..4\n-000060f0: 2e31 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 .1 Installing GR\n-00006100: 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e UB using grub-in\n-00006110: 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d stall.==========\n+000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+000058b0: 0a0a 4f6e 204f 5320 7768 6963 6820 6861 ..On OS which ha\n+000058c0: 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e6f 6465 7320 ve device nodes \n+000058d0: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2055 6e69 782d similar to Unix-\n+000058e0: 6c69 6b65 204f 5320 4752 5542 2074 6f6f like OS GRUB too\n+000058f0: 6c73 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a4f 5320 6e61 ls use the.OS na\n+00005900: 6d65 2e20 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2047 me. E.g. for G\n+00005910: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 NU/Linux:.. \n+00005920: 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f # grub-install /\n+00005930: 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2041 dev/sda.. On A\n+00005940: 524f 5320 7765 2075 7365 2061 6e6f 7468 ROS we use anoth\n+00005950: 6572 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 466f 7220 er syntax. For \n+00005960: 766f 6c75 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 202f volumes:.. /\n+00005970: 2f3a 3c76 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 3e0a /:.\n+00005980: 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 202f . E.g... /\n+00005990: 2f3a 4448 300a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 /:DH0.. For di\n+000059a0: 736b 7320 7765 2075 7365 2073 796e 7461 sks we use synta\n+000059b0: 783a 0a20 2020 2020 2f2f 3a3c 6472 6976 x:. //:/unit/fl\n+000059d0: 6167 730a 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 ags.. E.g... \n+000059e0: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n+000059f0: 6c20 2f2f 3a61 7461 2e64 6576 6963 652f l //:ata.device/\n+00005a00: 302f 300a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2057 696e 646f 0/0.. On Windo\n+00005a10: 7773 2077 6520 7573 6520 554e 4320 7061 ws we use UNC pa\n+00005a20: 7468 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 th. For volumes\n+00005a30: 2069 7427 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 790a it's typically.\n+00005a40: 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c 566f 6c75 6d65 . \\\\?\\Volume\n+00005a50: 7b3c 4755 4944 3e7d 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c {}. \\\\\n+00005a60: 3f5c 3c64 7269 7665 206c 6574 7465 723e ?\\\n+00005a70: 3a0a 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 :.. E.g... \n+00005a80: 205c 5c3f 5c56 6f6c 756d 657b 3137 6633 \\\\?\\Volume{17f3\n+00005a90: 3464 3530 2d63 6636 342d 3462 3032 2d38 4d50-cf64-4b02-8\n+00005aa0: 3030 652d 3531 6437 3963 3361 6132 6666 00e-51d79c3aa2ff\n+00005ab0: 7d0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c43 3a0a 0a20 }. \\\\?\\C:.. \n+00005ac0: 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 6974 2773 For disks it's\n+00005ad0: 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 .. \\\\?\\Physi\n+00005ae0: 6361 6c44 7269 7665 3c6e 756d 6265 723e calDrive\n+00005af0: 0a0a 2020 2045 2e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 .. E.g... \n+00005b00: 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 205c # grub-install \\\n+00005b10: 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 \\?\\PhysicalDrive\n+00005b20: 300a 0a20 2020 4265 7761 7265 2074 6861 0.. Beware tha\n+00005b30: 7420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2074 t you may need t\n+00005b40: 6f20 6675 7274 6865 7220 6573 6361 7065 o further escape\n+00005b50: 2074 6865 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 6573 the backslashes\n+00005b60: 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 0a6f 6e20 796f depending.on yo\n+00005b70: 7572 2073 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 ur shell... Wh\n+00005b80: 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 7769 7468 en compiled with\n+00005b90: 2063 7967 7769 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 cygwin support \n+00005ba0: 7468 656e 2063 7967 7769 6e20 6472 6976 then cygwin driv\n+00005bb0: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 650a 6175 746f e names are.auto\n+00005bc0: 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7768 656e 206e matically when n\n+00005bd0: 6565 6465 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 eeded. E.g... \n+00005be0: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n+00005bf0: 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 1f0a 4669 l /dev/sda....Fi\n+00005c00: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00005c10: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 Node: Installati\n+00005c20: 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 6f6f 7469 on, Next: Booti\n+00005c30: 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 532d 7370 ng, Prev: OS-sp\n+00005c40: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f ecific notes abo\n+00005c50: 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 ut grub tools, \n+00005c60: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a34 2049 6e73 7461 Up: Top..4 Insta\n+00005c70: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a llation.********\n+00005c80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 206f 7264 6572 ******..In order\n+00005c90: 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 to install GRUB\n+00005ca0: 2061 7320 796f 7572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f as your boot lo\n+00005cb0: 6164 6572 2c20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 ader, you need t\n+00005cc0: 6f20 6669 7273 7420 696e 7374 616c 6c0a o first install.\n+00005cd0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 7973 7465 6d20 the GRUB system \n+00005ce0: 616e 6420 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 756e and utilities un\n+00005cf0: 6465 7220 796f 7572 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 der your UNIX-li\n+00005d00: 6b65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 ke operating sys\n+00005d10: 7465 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 6274 6169 tem.(*note Obtai\n+00005d20: 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e ning and Buildin\n+00005d30: 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 292e 2020 596f 7520 g GRUB::). You \n+00005d40: 6361 6e20 646f 2074 6869 7320 6569 7468 can do this eith\n+00005d50: 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 736f 7572 er from the.sour\n+00005d60: 6365 2074 6172 6261 6c6c 2c20 6f72 2061 ce tarball, or a\n+00005d70: 7320 6120 7061 636b 6167 6520 666f 7220 s a package for \n+00005d80: 796f 7572 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 your OS... Aft\n+00005d90: 6572 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 646f 6e65 er you have done\n+00005da0: 2074 6861 742c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 that, you need \n+00005db0: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 to install the b\n+00005dc0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 610a oot loader on a.\n+00005dd0: 6472 6976 6520 2866 6c6f 7070 7920 6f72 drive (floppy or\n+00005de0: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2920 6279 2075 hard disk) by u\n+00005df0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2075 7469 6c69 7479 sing the utility\n+00005e00: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n+00005e10: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a49 6e76 6f6b ... (*note.Invok\n+00005e20: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n+00005e30: 3a3a 2920 6f6e 2061 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 ::) on a UNIX-li\n+00005e40: 6b65 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 ke OS... GRUB \n+00005e50: 636f 6d65 7320 7769 7468 2062 6f6f 7420 comes with boot \n+00005e60: 696d 6167 6573 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 images, which ar\n+00005e70: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2070 7574 2069 e normally put i\n+00005e80: 6e20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a n the directory.\n+00005e90: e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 .../usr/lib/grub\n+00005ea0: 2f3c 6370 753e 2d3c 706c 6174 666f 726d /-... (for BIOS-b\n+00005ec0: 6173 6564 206d 6163 6869 6e65 730a e280 ased machines...\n+00005ed0: 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 ./usr/lib/grub/i\n+00005ee0: 3338 362d 7063 e280 9929 2e20 2048 6572 386-pc...). Her\n+00005ef0: 6561 6674 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6469 7265 eafter, the dire\n+00005f00: 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 ctory where GRUB\n+00005f10: 2069 6d61 6765 730a 6172 6520 696e 6974 images.are init\n+00005f20: 6961 6c6c 7920 706c 6163 6564 2028 6e6f ially placed (no\n+00005f30: 726d 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 2f6c rmally .../usr/l\n+00005f40: 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c63 7075 3e2d 3c70 ib/grub/-...) wil\n+00005f60: 6c20 6265 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 l be.called the \n+00005f70: e280 9c69 6d61 6765 2064 6972 6563 746f ...image directo\n+00005f80: 7279 e280 9d2c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2064 ry..., and the d\n+00005f90: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 irectory where t\n+00005fa0: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a6e he boot loader.n\n+00005fb0: 6565 6473 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 eeds to find the\n+00005fc0: 6d20 2875 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 m (usually .../b\n+00005fd0: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 oot...) will be \n+00005fe0: 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 20e2 809c 626f called the ...bo\n+00005ff0: 6f74 0a64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2e ot.directory....\n+00006000: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e73 ..* Menu:..* Ins\n+00006010: 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 talling GRUB usi\n+00006020: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a ng grub-install:\n+00006030: 3a0a 2a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 :.* Making a GRU\n+00006040: 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f B bootable CD-RO\n+00006050: 4d3a 3a0a 2a20 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 M::.* Device map\n+00006060: 3a3a 0a2a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c ::.* BIOS instal\n+00006070: 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 lation::....File\n+00006080: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00006090: 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 de: Installing G\n+000060a0: 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 RUB using grub-i\n+000060b0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d nstall, Next: M\n+000060c0: 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f aking a GRUB boo\n+000060d0: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 table CD-ROM, U\n+000060e0: 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a p: Installation.\n+000060f0: 0a34 2e31 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 .4.1 Installing \n+00006100: 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d GRUB using grub-\n+00006110: 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d install.========\n 00006120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 466f ============..Fo\n-00006140: 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e r information on\n-00006150: 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 where GRUB shou\n-00006160: 6c64 2062 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 ld be installed \n-00006170: 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 on PC BIOS platf\n-00006180: 6f72 6d73 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 orms,.*note BIOS\n-00006190: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e installation::.\n-000061a0: 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f .. In order to\n-000061b0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 756e install GRUB un\n-000061c0: 6465 7220 6120 554e 4958 2d6c 696b 6520 der a UNIX-like \n-000061d0: 4f53 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 474e 5529 OS (such as GNU)\n-000061e0: 2c20 696e 766f 6b65 0a74 6865 2070 726f , invoke.the pro\n-000061f0: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 gram ...grub-ins\n-00006200: 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 tall... (*note I\n-00006210: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 nvoking grub-ins\n-00006220: 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6173 2074 6865 0a73 tall::) as the.s\n-00006230: 7570 6572 7573 6572 2028 e280 9c72 6f6f uperuser (...roo\n-00006240: 74e2 809d 292e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2075 t...)... The u\n-00006250: 7361 6765 2069 7320 6261 7369 6361 6c6c sage is basicall\n-00006260: 7920 7665 7279 2073 696d 706c 652e 2020 y very simple. \n-00006270: 596f 7520 6f6e 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f You only need to\n-00006280: 2073 7065 6369 6679 206f 6e65 0a61 7267 specify one.arg\n-00006290: 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f ument to the pro\n-000062a0: 6772 616d 2c20 6e61 6d65 6c79 2c20 7768 gram, namely, wh\n-000062b0: 6572 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 ere to install t\n-000062c0: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 he boot loader. \n-000062d0: 2054 6865 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 6861 The.argument ha\n-000062e0: 7320 746f 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 s to be either a\n-000062f0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2028 6c69 device file (li\n-00006300: 6b65 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 6461 e280 ke .../dev/hda..\n-00006310: 9929 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 .). For example\n-00006320: 2c0a 756e 6465 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 7468 ,.under Linux th\n-00006330: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7769 6c6c e following will\n-00006340: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e install GRUB in\n-00006350: 746f 2074 6865 204d 4252 206f 6620 7468 to the MBR of th\n-00006360: 6520 6669 7273 740a 4944 4520 6469 736b e first.IDE disk\n-00006370: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 :.. # grub-i\n-00006380: 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a nstall /dev/sda.\n-00006390: 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 756e . Likewise, un\n-000063a0: 6465 7220 474e 552f 4875 7264 2c20 7468 der GNU/Hurd, th\n-000063b0: 6973 2068 6173 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 is has the same \n-000063c0: 6566 6665 6374 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 effect:.. # \n-000063d0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 grub-install /de\n-000063e0: 762f 6864 300a 0a20 2020 4275 7420 616c v/hd0.. But al\n-000063f0: 6c20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 6578 616d l the above exam\n-00006400: 706c 6573 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 ples assume that\n-00006410: 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 7574 GRUB should put\n-00006420: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 756e 6465 720a 7468 images under.th\n-00006430: 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6469 e .../boot... di\n-00006440: 7265 6374 6f72 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 rectory. If you\n-00006450: 2077 616e 7420 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7075 want GRUB to pu\n-00006460: 7420 696d 6167 6573 2075 6e64 6572 2061 t images under a\n-00006470: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6f 7468 6572 directory.other\n-00006480: 2074 6861 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 than .../boot..\n-00006490: 992c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 ., you need to s\n-000064a0: 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f pecify the optio\n-000064b0: 6e20 e280 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 n ...--boot-dire\n-000064c0: 6374 6f72 79e2 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 7479 ctory.....The ty\n-000064d0: 7069 6361 6c20 7573 6167 6520 6973 2074 pical usage is t\n-000064e0: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6372 6561 7465 2061 hat you create a\n-000064f0: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 2066 6c6f 7070 GRUB boot flopp\n-00006500: 7920 7769 7468 2061 0a66 696c 6573 7973 y with a.filesys\n-00006510: 7465 6d2e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e tem. Here is an\n-00006520: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 example:.. \n-00006530: 2320 6d6b 6532 6673 202f 6465 762f 6664 # mke2fs /dev/fd\n-00006540: 300a 2020 2020 2023 206d 6f75 6e74 202d 0. # mount -\n-00006550: 7420 6578 7432 202f 6465 762f 6664 3020 t ext2 /dev/fd0 \n-00006560: 2f6d 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6469 /mnt. # mkdi\n-00006570: 7220 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 r /mnt/boot. \n-00006580: 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 # grub-install \n-00006590: 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 --boot-directory\n-000065a0: 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f =/mnt/boot /dev/\n-000065b0: 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 2075 6d6f 756e fd0. # umoun\n-000065c0: 7420 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 t /mnt.. Some \n-000065d0: 4249 4f53 6573 2068 6176 6520 6120 6275 BIOSes have a bu\n-000065e0: 6720 6f66 2065 7870 6f73 696e 6720 7468 g of exposing th\n-000065f0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f e first partitio\n-00006600: 6e20 6f66 2061 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 n of a USB drive\n-00006610: 0a61 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2069 6e73 .as a floppy ins\n-00006620: 7465 6164 206f 6620 6578 706f 7369 6e67 tead of exposing\n-00006630: 2074 6865 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 2061 the USB drive a\n-00006640: 7320 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 2874 s a hard disk (t\n-00006650: 6865 7920 6361 6c6c 0a69 7420 2255 5342 hey call.it \"USB\n-00006660: 2d46 4444 2220 626f 6f74 292e 2020 496e -FDD\" boot). In\n-00006670: 2073 7563 6820 6361 7365 732c 2079 6f75 such cases, you\n-00006680: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c need to install\n-00006690: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 like this:.. \n-000066a0: 2020 2320 6c6f 7365 7475 7020 2f64 6576 # losetup /dev\n-000066b0: 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6465 762f 7364 6231 /loop0 /dev/sdb1\n-000066c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 . # mount /d\n-000066d0: 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6d6e 742f 7573 ev/loop0 /mnt/us\n-000066e0: 620a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e b. # grub-in\n-000066f0: 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 stall --boot-dir\n-00006700: 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 7573 622f ectory=/mnt/usb/\n-00006710: 6275 6762 696f 7320 2d2d 666f 7263 6520 bugbios --force \n-00006720: 2d2d 616c 6c6f 772d 666c 6f70 7079 202f --allow-floppy /\n-00006730: 6465 762f 6c6f 6f70 300a 0a20 2020 5468 dev/loop0.. Th\n-00006740: 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2064 6f65 736e is install doesn\n-00006750: 2774 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 7769 7468 't conflict with\n-00006760: 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7374 616c standard instal\n-00006770: 6c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 l as long as the\n-00006780: 790a 6172 6520 696e 2073 6570 6172 6174 y.are in separat\n-00006790: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 732e 0a0a e directories...\n-000067a0: 2020 204f 6e20 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d On EFI system\n-000067b0: 7320 666f 7220 6669 7865 6420 6469 736b s for fixed disk\n-000067c0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2079 6f75 2068 6176 install you hav\n-000067d0: 6520 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2045 4649 2053 e to mount EFI S\n-000067e0: 7973 7465 6d0a 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e ystem.Partition.\n-000067f0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 If you mount i\n-00006800: 7420 6174 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6566 t at .../boot/ef\n-00006810: 69e2 8099 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 646f i... then you do\n-00006820: 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 2061 6e79 0a73 7065 n't need any.spe\n-00006830: 6369 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 3a0a cial arguments:.\n-00006840: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 . # grub-ins\n-00006850: 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 tall.. Otherwi\n-00006860: 7365 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 se you need to s\n-00006870: 7065 6369 6679 2077 6865 7265 2079 6f75 pecify where you\n-00006880: 7220 4546 4920 5379 7374 656d 2070 6172 r EFI System par\n-00006890: 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 6d6f 756e 7465 tition is.mounte\n-000068a0: 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d d:.. # grub-\n-000068b0: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 install --efi-di\n-000068c0: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f65 6669 rectory=/mnt/efi\n-000068d0: 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2072 656d 6f76 6162 .. For removab\n-000068e0: 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 796f 7520 le installs you \n-000068f0: 6861 7665 2074 6f20 7573 6520 e280 982d have to use ...-\n-00006900: 2d72 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 e280 9920 616e -removable... an\n-00006910: 6420 7370 6563 6966 7920 626f 7468 0ae2 d specify both..\n-00006920: 8098 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f ..--boot-directo\n-00006930: 7279 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d65 ry... and ...--e\n-00006940: 6669 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 993a fi-directory...:\n-00006950: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e .. # grub-in\n-00006960: 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 stall --efi-dire\n-00006970: 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 202d ctory=/mnt/usb -\n-00006980: 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d -boot-directory=\n-00006990: 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d2d /mnt/usb/boot --\n-000069a0: 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c removable....Fil\n-000069b0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000069c0: 6f64 653a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 ode: Making a GR\n-000069d0: 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 UB bootable CD-R\n-000069e0: 4f4d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 6576 6963 OM, Next: Devic\n-000069f0: 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e e map, Prev: In\n-00006a00: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 stalling GRUB us\n-00006a10: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n-00006a20: 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 , Up: Installat\n-00006a30: 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e32 204d 616b 696e 6720 ion..4.2 Making \n-00006a40: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n-00006a50: 4344 2d52 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d CD-ROM.=========\n+00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00006140: 466f 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 For information \n+00006150: 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 7368 on where GRUB sh\n+00006160: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 ould be installe\n+00006170: 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 d on PC BIOS pla\n+00006180: 7466 6f72 6d73 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 tforms,.*note BI\n+00006190: 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a OS installation:\n+000061a0: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 :... In order \n+000061b0: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 to install GRUB \n+000061c0: 756e 6465 7220 6120 554e 4958 2d6c 696b under a UNIX-lik\n+000061d0: 6520 4f53 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 474e e OS (such as GN\n+000061e0: 5529 2c20 696e 766f 6b65 0a74 6865 2070 U), invoke.the p\n+000061f0: 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 rogram ...grub-i\n+00006200: 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 nstall... (*note\n+00006210: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 Invoking grub-i\n+00006220: 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6173 2074 6865 nstall::) as the\n+00006230: 0a73 7570 6572 7573 6572 2028 e280 9c72 .superuser (...r\n+00006240: 6f6f 74e2 809d 292e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 oot...)... The\n+00006250: 2075 7361 6765 2069 7320 6261 7369 6361 usage is basica\n+00006260: 6c6c 7920 7665 7279 2073 696d 706c 652e lly very simple.\n+00006270: 2020 596f 7520 6f6e 6c79 206e 6565 6420 You only need \n+00006280: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 206f 6e65 0a61 to specify one.a\n+00006290: 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2070 rgument to the p\n+000062a0: 726f 6772 616d 2c20 6e61 6d65 6c79 2c20 rogram, namely, \n+000062b0: 7768 6572 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c where to install\n+000062c0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 the boot loader\n+000062d0: 2e20 2054 6865 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 . The.argument \n+000062e0: 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 has to be either\n+000062f0: 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2028 a device file (\n+00006300: 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 6461 like .../dev/hda\n+00006310: e280 9929 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 ...). For examp\n+00006320: 6c65 2c0a 756e 6465 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 le,.under Linux \n+00006330: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7769 the following wi\n+00006340: 6c6c 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 ll install GRUB \n+00006350: 696e 746f 2074 6865 204d 4252 206f 6620 into the MBR of \n+00006360: 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 4944 4520 6469 the first.IDE di\n+00006370: 736b 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 sk:.. # grub\n+00006380: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 -install /dev/sd\n+00006390: 610a 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 a.. Likewise, \n+000063a0: 756e 6465 7220 474e 552f 4875 7264 2c20 under GNU/Hurd, \n+000063b0: 7468 6973 2068 6173 2074 6865 2073 616d this has the sam\n+000063c0: 6520 6566 6665 6374 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e effect:.. \n+000063d0: 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f # grub-install /\n+000063e0: 6465 762f 6864 300a 0a20 2020 4275 7420 dev/hd0.. But \n+000063f0: 616c 6c20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 6578 all the above ex\n+00006400: 616d 706c 6573 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 amples assume th\n+00006410: 6174 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 at GRUB should p\n+00006420: 7574 2069 6d61 6765 7320 756e 6465 720a ut images under.\n+00006430: 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 the .../boot... \n+00006440: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 2020 4966 2079 directory. If y\n+00006450: 6f75 2077 616e 7420 4752 5542 2074 6f20 ou want GRUB to \n+00006460: 7075 7420 696d 6167 6573 2075 6e64 6572 put images under\n+00006470: 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6f 7468 a directory.oth\n+00006480: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 er than .../boot\n+00006490: e280 992c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f ..., you need to\n+000064a0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 specify the opt\n+000064b0: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 ion ...--boot-di\n+000064c0: 7265 6374 6f72 79e2 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 rectory.....The \n+000064d0: 7479 7069 6361 6c20 7573 6167 6520 6973 typical usage is\n+000064e0: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6372 6561 7465 that you create\n+000064f0: 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 2066 6c6f a GRUB boot flo\n+00006500: 7070 7920 7769 7468 2061 0a66 696c 6573 ppy with a.files\n+00006510: 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 ystem. Here is \n+00006520: 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 an example:.. \n+00006530: 2020 2320 6d6b 6532 6673 202f 6465 762f # mke2fs /dev/\n+00006540: 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 206d 6f75 6e74 fd0. # mount\n+00006550: 202d 7420 6578 7432 202f 6465 762f 6664 -t ext2 /dev/fd\n+00006560: 3020 2f6d 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 0 /mnt. # mk\n+00006570: 6469 7220 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 740a 2020 dir /mnt/boot. \n+00006580: 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c # grub-instal\n+00006590: 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f l --boot-directo\n+000065a0: 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 202f 6465 ry=/mnt/boot /de\n+000065b0: 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 2075 6d6f v/fd0. # umo\n+000065c0: 756e 7420 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d unt /mnt.. Som\n+000065d0: 6520 4249 4f53 6573 2068 6176 6520 6120 e BIOSes have a \n+000065e0: 6275 6720 6f66 2065 7870 6f73 696e 6720 bug of exposing \n+000065f0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 the first partit\n+00006600: 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 2055 5342 2064 7269 ion of a USB dri\n+00006610: 7665 0a61 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2069 ve.as a floppy i\n+00006620: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 6578 706f 7369 nstead of exposi\n+00006630: 6e67 2074 6865 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 ng the USB drive\n+00006640: 2061 7320 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 as a hard disk \n+00006650: 2874 6865 7920 6361 6c6c 0a69 7420 2255 (they call.it \"U\n+00006660: 5342 2d46 4444 2220 626f 6f74 292e 2020 SB-FDD\" boot). \n+00006670: 496e 2073 7563 6820 6361 7365 732c 2079 In such cases, y\n+00006680: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 ou need to insta\n+00006690: 6c6c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 ll like this:.. \n+000066a0: 2020 2020 2320 6c6f 7365 7475 7020 2f64 # losetup /d\n+000066b0: 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6465 762f 7364 ev/loop0 /dev/sd\n+000066c0: 6231 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6f 756e 7420 b1. # mount \n+000066d0: 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6d6e 742f /dev/loop0 /mnt/\n+000066e0: 7573 620a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d usb. # grub-\n+000066f0: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 install --boot-d\n+00006700: 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 7573 irectory=/mnt/us\n+00006710: 622f 6275 6762 696f 7320 2d2d 666f 7263 b/bugbios --forc\n+00006720: 6520 2d2d 616c 6c6f 772d 666c 6f70 7079 e --allow-floppy\n+00006730: 202f 6465 762f 6c6f 6f70 300a 0a20 2020 /dev/loop0.. \n+00006740: 5468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2064 6f65 This install doe\n+00006750: 736e 2774 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 7769 sn't conflict wi\n+00006760: 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7374 th standard inst\n+00006770: 616c 6c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 all as long as t\n+00006780: 6865 790a 6172 6520 696e 2073 6570 6172 hey.are in separ\n+00006790: 6174 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 732e ate directories.\n+000067a0: 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4546 4920 7379 7374 .. On EFI syst\n+000067b0: 656d 7320 666f 7220 6669 7865 6420 6469 ems for fixed di\n+000067c0: 736b 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2079 6f75 2068 sk install you h\n+000067d0: 6176 6520 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2045 4649 ave to mount EFI\n+000067e0: 2053 7973 7465 6d0a 5061 7274 6974 696f System.Partitio\n+000067f0: 6e2e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206d 6f75 6e74 n. If you mount\n+00006800: 2069 7420 6174 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f it at .../boot/\n+00006810: 6566 69e2 8099 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 efi... then you \n+00006820: 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 2061 6e79 0a73 don't need any.s\n+00006830: 7065 6369 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 pecial arguments\n+00006840: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 :.. # grub-i\n+00006850: 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 nstall.. Other\n+00006860: 7769 7365 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f wise you need to\n+00006870: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2077 6865 7265 2079 specify where y\n+00006880: 6f75 7220 4546 4920 5379 7374 656d 2070 our EFI System p\n+00006890: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 6d6f 756e artition is.moun\n+000068a0: 7465 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 ted:.. # gru\n+000068b0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d b-install --efi-\n+000068c0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f65 directory=/mnt/e\n+000068d0: 6669 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2072 656d 6f76 fi.. For remov\n+000068e0: 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 796f able installs yo\n+000068f0: 7520 6861 7665 2074 6f20 7573 6520 e280 u have to use ..\n+00006900: 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 e280 9920 .--removable... \n+00006910: 616e 6420 7370 6563 6966 7920 626f 7468 and specify both\n+00006920: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 ....--boot-direc\n+00006930: 746f 7279 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 982d tory... and ...-\n+00006940: 2d65 6669 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 -efi-directory..\n+00006950: 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d .:.. # grub-\n+00006960: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 install --efi-di\n+00006970: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 rectory=/mnt/usb\n+00006980: 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 --boot-director\n+00006990: 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 2f62 6f6f 7420 y=/mnt/usb/boot \n+000069a0: 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 650a 0a1f 0a46 --removable....F\n+000069b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000069c0: 204e 6f64 653a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 Node: Making a \n+000069d0: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n+000069e0: 2d52 4f4d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 6576 -ROM, Next: Dev\n+000069f0: 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ice map, Prev: \n+00006a00: 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 Installing GRUB \n+00006a10: 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 using grub-insta\n+00006a20: 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c ll, Up: Install\n+00006a30: 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e32 204d 616b 696e ation..4.2 Makin\n+00006a40: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a GRUB bootabl\n+00006a50: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d e CD-ROM.=======\n 00006a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 ========..GRUB s\n-00006a80: 7570 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6e upports the ...n\n-00006a90: 6f20 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 o emulation mode\n-00006aa0: e280 9d20 696e 2074 6865 2045 6c20 546f ... in the El To\n-00006ab0: 7269 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 rito specificati\n-00006ac0: 6f6e 2831 290a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b on(1).(*note Mak\n-00006ad0: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a GRUB boota\n-00006ae0: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e ble CD-ROM-Footn\n-00006af0: 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ote-1::). This \n-00006b00: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 0a63 means that you.c\n-00006b10: 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 an use the whole\n-00006b20: 2043 442d 524f 4d20 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 CD-ROM from GRU\n-00006b30: 4220 616e 6420 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 B and you don't \n-00006b40: 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2066 have to make a f\n-00006b50: 6c6f 7070 790a 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 loppy.or hard di\n-00006b60: 736b 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 652c 2077 sk image file, w\n-00006b70: 6869 6368 2063 616e 2063 6175 7365 2063 hich can cause c\n-00006b80: 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2070 726f ompatibility pro\n-00006b90: 626c 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2062 blems... For b\n-00006ba0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 ooting from a CD\n-00006bb0: 2d52 4f4d 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 -ROM, GRUB uses \n-00006bc0: 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 696d 6167 6520 a special image \n-00006bd0: 6361 6c6c 6564 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 called....cdboot\n-00006be0: 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2069 .img..., which i\n-00006bf0: 7320 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6564 2077 s concatenated w\n-00006c00: 6974 6820 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 ith ...core.img.\n-00006c10: 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 ... The ...core\n-00006c20: 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 .img....used for\n-00006c30: 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 this should be \n-00006c40: 6275 696c 7420 7769 7468 2061 7420 6c65 built with at le\n-00006c50: 6173 7420 7468 6520 e280 9869 736f 3936 ast the ...iso96\n-00006c60: 3630 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9862 696f 60... and ...bio\n-00006c70: 7364 6973 6be2 8099 0a6d 6f64 756c 6573 sdisk....modules\n-00006c80: 2e20 2059 6f75 7220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 . Your bootable\n-00006c90: 2043 442d 524f 4d20 7769 6c6c 2075 7375 CD-ROM will usu\n-00006ca0: 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 ally also need t\n-00006cb0: 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 610a 636f 6e66 o include a.conf\n-00006cc0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 iguration file .\n-00006cd0: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 616e ..grub.cfg... an\n-00006ce0: 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 d some other GRU\n-00006cf0: 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 B modules... T\n-00006d00: 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 o make a simple \n-00006d10: 6765 6e65 7269 6320 4752 5542 2072 6573 generic GRUB res\n-00006d20: 6375 6520 4344 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 cue CD, you can \n-00006d30: 7573 6520 7468 650a e280 9867 7275 622d use the....grub-\n-00006d40: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 7072 6f67 mkrescue... prog\n-00006d50: 7261 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ram (*note Invok\n-00006d60: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ing grub-mkrescu\n-00006d70: 653a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 e::):.. $ gr\n-00006d80: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 ub-mkrescue -o g\n-00006d90: 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 596f 7520 rub.iso.. You \n-00006da0: 7769 6c6c 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 will often need \n-00006db0: 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206f 7468 6572 to include other\n-00006dc0: 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2069 files in your i\n-00006dd0: 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6f20 646f 0a74 6869 mage. To do.thi\n-00006de0: 732c 2066 6972 7374 206d 616b 6520 6120 s, first make a \n-00006df0: 746f 7020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 666f top directory fo\n-00006e00: 7220 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2069 r the bootable i\n-00006e10: 6d61 6765 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 8098 6973 mage, say, ...is\n-00006e20: 6fe2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6d6b o...:.. $ mk\n-00006e30: 6469 7220 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 4d61 6b65 dir iso.. Make\n-00006e40: 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2066 6f72 a directory for\n-00006e50: 2047 5255 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 206d GRUB:.. $ m\n-00006e60: 6b64 6972 202d 7020 6973 6f2f 626f 6f74 kdir -p iso/boot\n-00006e70: 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 4966 2064 6573 /grub.. If des\n-00006e80: 6972 6564 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2063 ired, make the c\n-00006e90: 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 onfig file ...gr\n-00006ea0: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 756e 6465 7220 ub.cfg... under \n-00006eb0: e280 9869 736f 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ...iso/boot/grub\n-00006ec0: e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 ....(*note Confi\n-00006ed0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 guration::), and\n-00006ee0: 2063 6f70 7920 616e 7920 6669 6c65 7320 copy any files \n-00006ef0: 616e 6420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 7320 and directories \n-00006f00: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6469 7363 0a74 6f20 for the disc.to \n-00006f10: 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 the directory ..\n-00006f20: 9869 736f 2fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 .iso/...... Fi\n-00006f30: 6e61 6c6c 792c 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 nally, make the \n-00006f40: 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 image:.. $ g\n-00006f50: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 rub-mkrescue -o \n-00006f60: 6772 7562 2e69 736f 2069 736f 0a0a 2020 grub.iso iso.. \n-00006f70: 2054 6869 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6573 2061 This produces a\n-00006f80: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9867 file named ...g\n-00006f90: 7275 622e 6973 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 rub.iso..., whic\n-00006fa0: 6820 7468 656e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6275 h then can be bu\n-00006fb0: 726e 6564 2069 6e74 6f0a 6120 4344 2028 rned into.a CD (\n-00006fc0: 6f72 2061 2044 5644 292c 206f 7220 7772 or a DVD), or wr\n-00006fd0: 6974 7465 6e20 746f 2061 2055 5342 206d itten to a USB m\n-00006fe0: 6173 7320 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 ass storage devi\n-00006ff0: 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 726f 6f74 ce... The root\n-00007000: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 device will be \n-00007010: 7365 7420 7570 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 set up appropria\n-00007020: 7465 6c79 206f 6e20 656e 7465 7269 6e67 tely on entering\n-00007030: 2079 6f75 720a e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 your....grub.cf\n-00007040: 67e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 g... configurati\n-00007050: 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 on file, so you \n-00007060: 6361 6e20 7265 6665 7220 746f 2066 696c can refer to fil\n-00007070: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2043 e names on the C\n-00007080: 440a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e D.without needin\n-00007090: 6720 746f 2075 7365 2061 6e20 6578 706c g to use an expl\n-000070a0: 6963 6974 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 icit device name\n-000070b0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 . This makes it\n-000070c0: 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a70 726f 6475 easier to.produ\n-000070d0: 6365 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 6573 ce rescue images\n-000070e0: 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2077 6f72 6b20 that will work \n-000070f0: 6f6e 2062 6f74 6820 6f70 7469 6361 6c20 on both optical \n-00007100: 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2055 5342 206d drives and USB m\n-00007110: 6173 730a 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 ass.storage devi\n-00007120: 6365 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ces.....File: gr\n-00007130: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00007140: 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f Making a GRUB bo\n-00007150: 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d2d 466f otable CD-ROM-Fo\n-00007160: 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4d61 otnotes, Up: Ma\n-00007170: 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 king a GRUB boot\n-00007180: 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d0a 0a20 2020 able CD-ROM.. \n-00007190: 2831 2920 456c 2054 6f72 6974 6f20 6973 (1) El Torito is\n-000071a0: 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e a specification\n-000071b0: 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 for bootable CD\n-000071c0: 2075 7369 6e67 2042 494f 530a 6675 6e63 using BIOS.func\n-000071d0: 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 tions.....File: \n-000071e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000071f0: 3a20 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 204e : Device map, N\n-00007200: 6578 743a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c ext: BIOS instal\n-00007210: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d lation, Prev: M\n-00007220: 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f aking a GRUB boo\n-00007230: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 table CD-ROM, U\n-00007240: 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a p: Installation.\n-00007250: 0a34 2e33 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 .4.3 The map bet\n-00007260: 7765 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 ween BIOS drives\n-00007270: 2061 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 730a and OS devices.\n-00007280: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00006a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 ==========..GRUB\n+00006a80: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 e280 supports the ..\n+00006a90: 9c6e 6f20 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f .no emulation mo\n+00006aa0: 6465 e280 9d20 696e 2074 6865 2045 6c20 de... in the El \n+00006ab0: 546f 7269 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 Torito specifica\n+00006ac0: 7469 6f6e 2831 290a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d tion(1).(*note M\n+00006ad0: 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f aking a GRUB boo\n+00006ae0: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f table CD-ROM-Foo\n+00006af0: 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 tnote-1::). Thi\n+00006b00: 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 s means that you\n+00006b10: 0a63 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 686f .can use the who\n+00006b20: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 6672 6f6d 2047 le CD-ROM from G\n+00006b30: 5255 4220 616e 6420 796f 7520 646f 6e27 RUB and you don'\n+00006b40: 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 t have to make a\n+00006b50: 2066 6c6f 7070 790a 6f72 2068 6172 6420 floppy.or hard \n+00006b60: 6469 736b 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 652c disk image file,\n+00006b70: 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2063 6175 7365 which can cause\n+00006b80: 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2070 compatibility p\n+00006b90: 726f 626c 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 roblems... For\n+00006ba0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 booting from a \n+00006bb0: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 CD-ROM, GRUB use\n+00006bc0: 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 696d 6167 s a special imag\n+00006bd0: 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 0ae2 8098 6364 626f e called....cdbo\n+00006be0: 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 ot.img..., which\n+00006bf0: 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6564 is concatenated\n+00006c00: 2077 6974 6820 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d with ...core.im\n+00006c10: 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 636f g.... The ...co\n+00006c20: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 7573 6564 2066 re.img....used f\n+00006c30: 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 or this should b\n+00006c40: 6520 6275 696c 7420 7769 7468 2061 7420 e built with at \n+00006c50: 6c65 6173 7420 7468 6520 e280 9869 736f least the ...iso\n+00006c60: 3936 3630 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9862 9660... and ...b\n+00006c70: 696f 7364 6973 6be2 8099 0a6d 6f64 756c iosdisk....modul\n+00006c80: 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 7220 626f 6f74 6162 es. Your bootab\n+00006c90: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 7769 6c6c 2075 le CD-ROM will u\n+00006ca0: 7375 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 sually also need\n+00006cb0: 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 610a 636f to include a.co\n+00006cc0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00006cd0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 ...grub.cfg... \n+00006ce0: 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2047 and some other G\n+00006cf0: 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 RUB modules... \n+00006d00: 2054 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 696d 706c To make a simpl\n+00006d10: 6520 6765 6e65 7269 6320 4752 5542 2072 e generic GRUB r\n+00006d20: 6573 6375 6520 4344 2c20 796f 7520 6361 escue CD, you ca\n+00006d30: 6e20 7573 6520 7468 650a e280 9867 7275 n use the....gru\n+00006d40: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 7072 b-mkrescue... pr\n+00006d50: 6f67 7261 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 ogram (*note Inv\n+00006d60: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 oking grub-mkres\n+00006d70: 6375 653a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 cue::):.. $ \n+00006d80: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f grub-mkrescue -o\n+00006d90: 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 596f grub.iso.. Yo\n+00006da0: 7520 7769 6c6c 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 u will often nee\n+00006db0: 6420 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206f 7468 d to include oth\n+00006dc0: 6572 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 er files in your\n+00006dd0: 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6f20 646f 0a74 image. To do.t\n+00006de0: 6869 732c 2066 6972 7374 206d 616b 6520 his, first make \n+00006df0: 6120 746f 7020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 a top directory \n+00006e00: 666f 7220 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 for the bootable\n+00006e10: 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 8098 image, say, ...\n+00006e20: 6973 6fe2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 iso...:.. $ \n+00006e30: 6d6b 6469 7220 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 4d61 mkdir iso.. Ma\n+00006e40: 6b65 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2066 ke a directory f\n+00006e50: 6f72 2047 5255 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 or GRUB:.. $\n+00006e60: 206d 6b64 6972 202d 7020 6973 6f2f 626f mkdir -p iso/bo\n+00006e70: 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 4966 2064 ot/grub.. If d\n+00006e80: 6573 6972 6564 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 esired, make the\n+00006e90: 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 config file ...\n+00006ea0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 756e 6465 grub.cfg... unde\n+00006eb0: 7220 e280 9869 736f 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 r ...iso/boot/gr\n+00006ec0: 7562 e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e ub....(*note Con\n+00006ed0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 figuration::), a\n+00006ee0: 6e64 2063 6f70 7920 616e 7920 6669 6c65 nd copy any file\n+00006ef0: 7320 616e 6420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 s and directorie\n+00006f00: 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 6469 7363 0a74 s for the disc.t\n+00006f10: 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 o the directory \n+00006f20: e280 9869 736f 2fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 ...iso/...... \n+00006f30: 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 206d 616b 6520 7468 Finally, make th\n+00006f40: 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 e image:.. $\n+00006f50: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d grub-mkrescue -\n+00006f60: 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f 2069 736f 0a0a o grub.iso iso..\n+00006f70: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6573 This produces\n+00006f80: 2061 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 a file named ..\n+00006f90: 9867 7275 622e 6973 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 .grub.iso..., wh\n+00006fa0: 6963 6820 7468 656e 2063 616e 2062 6520 ich then can be \n+00006fb0: 6275 726e 6564 2069 6e74 6f0a 6120 4344 burned into.a CD\n+00006fc0: 2028 6f72 2061 2044 5644 292c 206f 7220 (or a DVD), or \n+00006fd0: 7772 6974 7465 6e20 746f 2061 2055 5342 written to a USB\n+00006fe0: 206d 6173 7320 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 mass storage de\n+00006ff0: 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 726f vice... The ro\n+00007000: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 ot device will b\n+00007010: 6520 7365 7420 7570 2061 7070 726f 7072 e set up appropr\n+00007020: 6961 7465 6c79 206f 6e20 656e 7465 7269 iately on enteri\n+00007030: 6e67 2079 6f75 720a e280 9867 7275 622e ng your....grub.\n+00007040: 6366 67e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 cfg... configura\n+00007050: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2073 6f20 796f tion file, so yo\n+00007060: 7520 6361 6e20 7265 6665 7220 746f 2066 u can refer to f\n+00007070: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 ile names on the\n+00007080: 2043 440a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 CD.without need\n+00007090: 696e 6720 746f 2075 7365 2061 6e20 6578 ing to use an ex\n+000070a0: 706c 6963 6974 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 plicit device na\n+000070b0: 6d65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 me. This makes \n+000070c0: 6974 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a70 726f it easier to.pro\n+000070d0: 6475 6365 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 duce rescue imag\n+000070e0: 6573 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2077 6f72 es that will wor\n+000070f0: 6b20 6f6e 2062 6f74 6820 6f70 7469 6361 k on both optica\n+00007100: 6c20 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2055 5342 l drives and USB\n+00007110: 206d 6173 730a 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 mass.storage de\n+00007120: 7669 6365 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 vices.....File: \n+00007130: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00007140: 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 : Making a GRUB \n+00007150: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d2d bootable CD-ROM-\n+00007160: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 Footnotes, Up: \n+00007170: 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f Making a GRUB bo\n+00007180: 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d0a 0a20 otable CD-ROM.. \n+00007190: 2020 2831 2920 456c 2054 6f72 6974 6f20 (1) El Torito \n+000071a0: 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 is a specificati\n+000071b0: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 on for bootable \n+000071c0: 4344 2075 7369 6e67 2042 494f 530a 6675 CD using BIOS.fu\n+000071d0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 nctions.....File\n+000071e0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000071f0: 6465 3a20 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 de: Device map, \n+00007200: 204e 6578 743a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 Next: BIOS inst\n+00007210: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a allation, Prev:\n+00007220: 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 Making a GRUB b\n+00007230: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 ootable CD-ROM, \n+00007240: 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f Up: Installatio\n+00007250: 6e0a 0a34 2e33 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 n..4.3 The map b\n+00007260: 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 etween BIOS driv\n+00007270: 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 es and OS device\n+00007280: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n 00007290: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-000072b0: 4966 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 If the device ma\n-000072c0: 7020 6669 6c65 2065 7869 7374 732c 2074 p file exists, t\n-000072d0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 he GRUB utilitie\n-000072e0: 7320 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 s (...grub-probe\n-000072f0: e280 992c 2065 7463 2e29 0a72 6561 6420 ..., etc.).read \n-00007300: 6974 2074 6f20 6d61 7020 4249 4f53 2064 it to map BIOS d\n-00007310: 7269 7665 7320 746f 204f 5320 6465 7669 rives to OS devi\n-00007320: 6365 732e 2020 5468 6973 2066 696c 6520 ces. This file \n-00007330: 636f 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 6c69 6e65 consists of line\n-00007340: 730a 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 s.like this:.. \n-00007350: 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 2920 4649 4c45 (DEVICE) FILE\n-00007360: 0a0a 2020 2044 4556 4943 4520 6973 2061 .. DEVICE is a\n-00007370: 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 drive specified\n-00007380: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 796e in the GRUB syn\n-00007390: 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 tax (*note Devic\n-000073a0: 650a 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 e.syntax::), and\n-000073b0: 2046 494c 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 2066 FILE is an OS f\n-000073c0: 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f ile, which is no\n-000073d0: 726d 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 rmally a device \n-000073e0: 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 file... Histor\n-000073f0: 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 ically, the devi\n-00007400: 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 7761 7320 ce map file was \n-00007410: 7573 6564 2062 6563 6175 7365 2047 5255 used because GRU\n-00007420: 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 0a68 B device names.h\n-00007430: 6164 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e ad to be used in\n-00007440: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 the configurati\n-00007450: 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 on file, and the\n-00007460: 7920 7765 7265 2064 6572 6976 6564 2066 y were derived f\n-00007470: 726f 6d0a 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 206e rom.BIOS drive n\n-00007480: 756d 6265 7273 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6170 umbers. The map\n-00007490: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 between BIOS dr\n-000074a0: 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 ives and OS devi\n-000074b0: 6365 7320 6361 6e6e 6f74 0a61 6c77 6179 ces cannot.alway\n-000074c0: 7320 6265 2067 7565 7373 6564 2063 6f72 s be guessed cor\n-000074d0: 7265 6374 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 6578 616d rectly: for exam\n-000074e0: 706c 652c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2067 ple, GRUB will g\n-000074f0: 6574 2074 6865 206f 7264 6572 2077 726f et the order wro\n-00007500: 6e67 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6578 6368 616e ng.if you exchan\n-00007510: 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 ge the boot sequ\n-00007520: 656e 6365 2062 6574 7765 656e 2049 4445 ence between IDE\n-00007530: 2061 6e64 2053 4353 4920 696e 2079 6f75 and SCSI in you\n-00007540: 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2020 556e 666f r BIOS... Unfo\n-00007550: 7274 756e 6174 656c 792c 2065 7665 6e20 rtunately, even \n-00007560: 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 OS device names \n-00007570: 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 7761 7973 2073 are not always s\n-00007580: 7461 626c 652e 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 0a76 table. Modern.v\n-00007590: 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 6865 204c ersions of the L\n-000075a0: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 7920 inux kernel may \n-000075b0: 7072 6f62 6520 6472 6976 6573 2069 6e20 probe drives in \n-000075c0: 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6f72 6465 a different orde\n-000075d0: 7220 6672 6f6d 0a62 6f6f 7420 746f 2062 r from.boot to b\n-000075e0: 6f6f 742c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 7265 oot, and the pre\n-000075f0: 6669 7820 28e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 642a fix (.../dev/hd*\n-00007600: e280 9920 7665 7273 7573 20e2 8098 2f64 ... versus .../d\n-00007610: 6576 2f73 642a e280 9929 206d 6179 2063 ev/sd*...) may c\n-00007620: 6861 6e67 650a 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 hange.depending \n-00007630: 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 7220 7375 on the driver su\n-00007640: 6273 7973 7465 6d20 696e 2075 7365 2e20 bsystem in use. \n-00007650: 2041 7320 6120 7265 7375 6c74 2c20 7468 As a result, th\n-00007660: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 0a66 696c e device map.fil\n-00007670: 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 2066 7265 7175 e required frequ\n-00007680: 656e 7420 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f6e 2073 ent editing on s\n-00007690: 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 ome systems... \n-000076a0: 2047 5255 4220 6176 6f69 6473 2074 6869 GRUB avoids thi\n-000076b0: 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 6e6f 7761 6461 s problem nowada\n-000076c0: 7973 2062 7920 7573 696e 6720 5555 4944 ys by using UUID\n-000076d0: 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d s or file system\n-000076e0: 0a6c 6162 656c 7320 7768 656e 2067 656e .labels when gen\n-000076f0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622e erating ...grub.\n-00007700: 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 7765 2061 cfg..., and we a\n-00007710: 6476 6973 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2064 dvise that you d\n-00007720: 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a66 6f72 2061 o the same.for a\n-00007730: 6e79 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6d65 6e75 2065 ny custom menu e\n-00007740: 6e74 7269 6573 2079 6f75 2077 7269 7465 ntries you write\n-00007750: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 . If the device\n-00007760: 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 646f 6573 206e map file does n\n-00007770: 6f74 0a65 7869 7374 2c20 7468 656e 2074 ot.exist, then t\n-00007780: 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 he GRUB utilitie\n-00007790: 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 7373 756d 6520 6120 s will assume a \n-000077a0: 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 7920 6465 7669 6365 temporary device\n-000077b0: 206d 6170 206f 6e20 7468 650a 666c 792e map on the.fly.\n-000077c0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 This is often \n-000077d0: 676f 6f64 2065 6e6f 7567 682c 2070 6172 good enough, par\n-000077e0: 7469 6375 6c61 726c 7920 696e 2074 6865 ticularly in the\n-000077f0: 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e20 6361 7365 206f 660a common case of.\n-00007800: 7369 6e67 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 7374 single-disk syst\n-00007810: 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 ems... However\n-00007820: 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 , the device map\n-00007830: 2066 696c 6520 6973 206e 6f74 2065 6e74 file is not ent\n-00007840: 6972 656c 7920 6f62 736f 6c65 7465 2079 irely obsolete y\n-00007850: 6574 2c20 616e 6420 6974 2069 730a 7573 et, and it is.us\n-00007860: 6564 2066 6f72 206f 7665 7272 6964 696e ed for overridin\n-00007870: 6720 7768 656e 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2065 g when current e\n-00007880: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6469 nvironment is di\n-00007890: 6666 6572 656e 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 fferent from the\n-000078a0: 206f 6e65 0a6f 6e20 626f 6f74 2e20 204d one.on boot. M\n-000078b0: 6f73 7420 636f 6d6d 6f6e 2063 6173 6520 ost common case \n-000078c0: 6973 2069 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 6120 is if you use a \n-000078d0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 206c 6f67 partition or log\n-000078e0: 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 650a 6173 2061 ical volume.as a\n-000078f0: 2064 6973 6b20 666f 7220 7669 7274 7561 disk for virtua\n-00007900: 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 652e 2020 596f 7520 l machine. You \n-00007910: 6361 6e20 7075 7420 616e 7920 636f 6d6d can put any comm\n-00007920: 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 ents in the file\n-00007930: 2069 660a 6e65 6564 6564 2c20 6173 2074 if.needed, as t\n-00007940: 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 he GRUB utilitie\n-00007950: 7320 6173 7375 6d65 2074 6861 7420 6120 s assume that a \n-00007960: 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 2063 line is just a c\n-00007970: 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2069 660a 7468 6520 6669 omment if.the fi\n-00007980: 7273 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 6973 rst character is\n-00007990: 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ...#........Fil\n-000079a0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000079b0: 6f64 653a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c ode: BIOS instal\n-000079c0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2044 lation, Prev: D\n-000079d0: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5570 3a20 evice map, Up: \n-000079e0: 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 0a0a 342e Installation..4.\n-000079f0: 3420 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 4 BIOS installat\n-00007a00: 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ion.============\n-00007a10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4d 4252 0a3d =========..MBR.=\n-00007a20: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f ==..The partitio\n-00007a30: 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 n table format t\n-00007a40: 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2075 7365 raditionally use\n-00007a50: 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 d on PC BIOS pla\n-00007a60: 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 730a 6361 6c6c 6564 tforms is.called\n-00007a70: 2074 6865 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 the Master Boot\n-00007a80: 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 666f Record (MBR) fo\n-00007a90: 726d 6174 3b20 7468 6973 2069 7320 7468 rmat; this is th\n-00007aa0: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 6861 740a 616c e format that.al\n-00007ab0: 6c6f 7773 2075 7020 746f 2066 6f75 7220 lows up to four \n-00007ac0: 7072 696d 6172 7920 7061 7274 6974 696f primary partitio\n-00007ad0: 6e73 2061 6e64 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 ns and additiona\n-00007ae0: 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 7061 7274 6974 l logical partit\n-00007af0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 5769 7468 2074 6869 7320 ions..With this \n-00007b00: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 partition table \n-00007b10: 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6172 format, there ar\n-00007b20: 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 696e e two ways to in\n-00007b30: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 3a20 6974 0a63 stall GRUB: it.c\n-00007b40: 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2069 an be embedded i\n-00007b50: 6e20 7468 6520 6172 6561 2062 6574 7765 n the area betwe\n-00007b60: 656e 2074 6865 204d 4252 2061 6e64 2074 en the MBR and t\n-00007b70: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n-00007b80: 6f6e 0a28 6361 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 on.(called by va\n-00007b90: 7269 6f75 7320 6e61 6d65 732c 2073 7563 rious names, suc\n-00007ba0: 6820 6173 2074 6865 2022 626f 6f74 2074 h as the \"boot t\n-00007bb0: 7261 636b 222c 2022 4d42 5220 6761 7022 rack\", \"MBR gap\"\n-00007bc0: 2c20 6f72 0a22 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 , or.\"embedding \n-00007bd0: 6172 6561 222c 2061 6e64 2077 6869 6368 area\", and which\n-00007be0: 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6174 206c is usually at l\n-00007bf0: 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 4229 2c20 east 1000 KiB), \n-00007c00: 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 or the core.imag\n-00007c10: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c e can be install\n-00007c20: 6564 2069 6e20 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 ed in a file sys\n-00007c30: 7465 6d20 616e 6420 6120 6c69 7374 206f tem and a list o\n-00007c40: 6620 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 2074 6861 f the blocks tha\n-00007c50: 740a 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 7570 2063 616e t.make it up can\n-00007c60: 2062 6520 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 7468 be stored in th\n-00007c70: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f e first sector o\n-00007c80: 6620 7468 6174 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e f that partition\n-00007c90: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 2074 6f6f ... Modern too\n-00007ca0: 6c73 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c 6561 7665 ls usually leave\n-00007cb0: 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c MBR gap of at l\n-00007cc0: 6561 7374 2031 3032 3320 4b69 422e 2054 east 1023 KiB. T\n-00007cd0: 6869 7320 616d 6f75 6e74 0a69 7320 7375 his amount.is su\n-00007ce0: 6666 6963 6965 6e74 2074 6f20 636f 7665 fficient to cove\n-00007cf0: 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 r most configura\n-00007d00: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4865 6e63 6520 7468 tions. Hence th\n-00007d10: 6973 2076 616c 7565 2069 730a 7265 636f is value is.reco\n-00007d20: 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2047 mmended by the G\n-00007d30: 5255 4220 7465 616d 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 RUB team... Hi\n-00007d40: 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 206d 616e 7920 storically many \n-00007d50: 746f 6f6c 7320 6c65 6674 206f 6e6c 7920 tools left only \n-00007d60: 3331 204b 6942 206f 6620 7370 6163 652e 31 KiB of space.\n-00007d70: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 656e This is not.en\n-00007d80: 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 7061 7273 6520 7265 ough to parse re\n-00007d90: 6c69 6162 6c79 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 liably difficult\n-00007da0: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 6c69 6b65 structures like\n-00007db0: 2042 7472 6673 2c20 5a46 532c 2052 4149 Btrfs, ZFS, RAI\n-00007dc0: 4420 6f72 0a4c 564d 2c20 6f72 2074 6f20 D or.LVM, or to \n-00007dd0: 7573 6520 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 6469 use difficult di\n-00007de0: 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d65 7468 6f64 sk access method\n-00007df0: 7320 6c69 6b65 2061 6863 692e 2020 4865 s like ahci. He\n-00007e00: 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 7761 nce GRUB will.wa\n-00007e10: 726e 2069 6620 6174 7465 6d70 7465 6420 rn if attempted \n-00007e20: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 6e74 6f20 to install into \n-00007e30: 736d 616c 6c20 4d42 5220 6761 7020 6578 small MBR gap ex\n-00007e40: 6365 7074 2069 6e20 6120 736d 616c 6c20 cept in a small \n-00007e50: 6e75 6d62 6572 0a6f 6620 636f 6e66 6967 number.of config\n-00007e60: 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7765 urations that we\n-00007e70: 7265 2067 7261 6e64 6661 7468 6572 6564 re grandfathered\n-00007e80: 2e20 2054 6865 2067 7261 6e64 6661 7468 . The grandfath\n-00007e90: 6572 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 670a 6d75 7374 ered config.must\n-00007ea0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7573 6520 6269 :.. ... use bi\n-00007eb0: 6f73 6469 736b 2061 7320 6469 736b 2061 osdisk as disk a\n-00007ec0: 6363 6573 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 ccess module for\n-00007ed0: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 .../boot..... \n-00007ee0: 20e2 80a2 206e 6f74 2075 7365 2061 6e79 ... not use any\n-00007ef0: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7274 additional part\n-00007f00: 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7073 2074 6f20 6163 ition maps to ac\n-00007f10: 6365 7373 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 cess .../boot...\n-00007f20: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f .. ... .../boo\n-00007f30: 74e2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 206f 6e20 t... must be on \n-00007f40: 6f6e 6520 6f66 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 one of following\n-00007f50: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 4146 filesystems: AF\n-00007f60: 4653 2c20 4146 532c 2042 4653 2c0a 2020 FS, AFS, BFS,. \n-00007f70: 2020 2063 7069 6f2c 206e 6577 632c 206f cpio, newc, o\n-00007f80: 6463 2c20 6578 7432 2f33 2f34 2c20 4641 dc, ext2/3/4, FA\n-00007f90: 542c 2065 7846 4154 2c20 4632 4653 2c20 T, exFAT, F2FS, \n-00007fa0: 4846 532c 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 HFS, uncompresse\n-00007fb0: 640a 2020 2020 2048 4653 2b2c 2049 534f d. HFS+, ISO\n-00007fc0: 3936 3630 2c20 4a46 532c 204d 696e 6978 9660, JFS, Minix\n-00007fd0: 2c20 4d69 6e69 7832 2c20 4d69 6e69 7833 , Minix2, Minix3\n-00007fe0: 2c20 4e49 4c46 5332 2c20 4e54 4653 2c20 , NILFS2, NTFS, \n-00007ff0: 5265 6973 6572 4653 2c0a 2020 2020 2052 ReiserFS,. R\n-00008000: 4f4d 4653 2c20 5346 532c 2074 6172 2c20 OMFS, SFS, tar, \n-00008010: 5544 462c 2055 4653 312c 2055 4653 322c UDF, UFS1, UFS2,\n-00008020: 2058 4653 0a0a 2020 204d 4252 2067 6170 XFS.. MBR gap\n-00008030: 2068 6173 2066 6577 2074 6563 686e 6963 has few technic\n-00008040: 616c 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e 2020 5468 al problems. Th\n-00008050: 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7761 7920 746f ere is no way to\n-00008060: 2072 6573 6572 7665 2073 7061 6365 0a69 reserve space.i\n-00008070: 6e20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 n the embedding \n-00008080: 6172 6561 2077 6974 6820 636f 6d70 6c65 area with comple\n-00008090: 7465 2073 6166 6574 792c 2061 6e64 2073 te safety, and s\n-000080a0: 6f6d 6520 7072 6f70 7269 6574 6172 790a ome proprietary.\n-000080b0: 736f 6674 7761 7265 2069 7320 6b6e 6f77 software is know\n-000080c0: 6e20 746f 2075 7365 2069 7420 746f 206d n to use it to m\n-000080d0: 616b 6520 6974 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 ake it difficult\n-000080e0: 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7273 2074 6f20 776f for users to wo\n-000080f0: 726b 0a61 726f 756e 6420 6c69 6365 6e73 rk.around licens\n-00008100: 696e 6720 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e73 ing restrictions\n-00008110: 2e20 2047 5255 4220 776f 726b 7320 6172 . GRUB works ar\n-00008120: 6f75 6e64 2069 7420 6279 2064 6574 6563 ound it by detec\n-00008130: 7469 6e67 0a73 6563 746f 7273 2062 7920 ting.sectors by \n-00008140: 6f74 6865 7220 736f 6674 7761 7265 2061 other software a\n-00008150: 6e64 2061 766f 6964 696e 6720 7468 656d nd avoiding them\n-00008160: 2061 6e64 2070 726f 7465 6374 696e 6720 and protecting \n-00008170: 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a 7365 6374 6f72 7320 its own.sectors \n-00008180: 7573 696e 6720 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d using Reed-Solom\n-00008190: 6f6e 2065 6e63 6f64 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 on encoding... \n-000081a0: 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2072 6563 6f6d GRUB team recom\n-000081b0: 6d65 6e64 7320 6861 7669 6e67 204d 4252 mends having MBR\n-000081c0: 2067 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 gap of at least\n-000081d0: 2031 3030 3020 4b69 422e 0a0a 2020 2053 1000 KiB... S\n-000081e0: 686f 756c 6420 6974 206e 6f74 2062 6520 hould it not be \n-000081f0: 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2068 possible, GRUB h\n-00008200: 6173 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2061 as support for a\n-00008210: 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 736f 6c75 7469 fallback soluti\n-00008220: 6f6e 0a77 6869 6368 2069 7320 6865 6176 on.which is heav\n-00008230: 696c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 ily recommended \n-00008240: 6167 6169 6e73 742e 2020 496e 7374 616c against. Instal\n-00008250: 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 ling to a filesy\n-00008260: 7374 656d 206d 6561 6e73 0a74 6861 7420 stem means.that \n-00008270: 4752 5542 2069 7320 7675 6c6e 6572 6162 GRUB is vulnerab\n-00008280: 6c65 2074 6f20 6974 7320 626c 6f63 6b73 le to its blocks\n-00008290: 2062 6569 6e67 206d 6f76 6564 2061 726f being moved aro\n-000082a0: 756e 6420 6279 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 und by filesyste\n-000082b0: 6d0a 6665 6174 7572 6573 2073 7563 6820 m.features such \n-000082c0: 6173 2074 6169 6c20 7061 636b 696e 672c as tail packing,\n-000082d0: 206f 7220 6576 656e 2062 7920 6167 6772 or even by aggr\n-000082e0: 6573 7369 7665 2066 7363 6b0a 696d 706c essive fsck.impl\n-000082f0: 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2073 6f20 ementations, so \n-00008300: 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 6820 6973 this approach is\n-00008310: 2071 7569 7465 2066 7261 6769 6c65 3b20 quite fragile; \n-00008320: 616e 6420 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 and this approac\n-00008330: 680a 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 h.can only be us\n-00008340: 6564 2069 6620 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f ed if the .../bo\n-00008350: 6f74 e280 9920 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d ot... filesystem\n-00008360: 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 is on the same \n-00008370: 6469 736b 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 4249 disk that the.BI\n-00008380: 4f53 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2c 2073 OS boots from, s\n-00008390: 6f20 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 o that GRUB does\n-000083a0: 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 746f 2072 656c not have to rel\n-000083b0: 7920 6f6e 2067 7565 7373 696e 6720 4249 y on guessing BI\n-000083c0: 4f53 0a64 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 OS.drive numbers\n-000083d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 4752 5542 2064 ... The GRUB d\n-000083e0: 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2074 6561 6d20 evelopment team \n-000083f0: 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d generally recomm\n-00008400: 656e 6473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2047 ends embedding G\n-00008410: 5255 4220 6265 666f 7265 0a74 6865 2066 RUB before.the f\n-00008420: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 irst partition, \n-00008430: 756e 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 unless you have \n-00008440: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7265 7175 6972 656d special requirem\n-00008450: 656e 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 740a ents. You must.\n-00008460: 656e 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 ensure that the \n-00008470: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 first partition \n-00008480: 7374 6172 7473 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 starts at least \n-00008490: 3130 3030 204b 6942 2028 3230 3030 2073 1000 KiB (2000 s\n-000084a0: 6563 746f 7273 290a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 ectors).from the\n-000084b0: 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 6469 start of the di\n-000084c0: 736b 3b20 6f6e 206d 6f64 6572 6e20 6469 sk; on modern di\n-000084d0: 736b 732c 2069 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e sks, it is often\n-000084e0: 2061 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 0a61 a performance.a\n-000084f0: 6476 616e 7461 6765 2074 6f20 616c 6967 dvantage to alig\n-00008500: 6e20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 n partitions on \n-00008510: 6c61 7267 6572 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 6965 larger boundarie\n-00008520: 7320 616e 7977 6179 2c20 736f 2074 6865 s anyway, so the\n-00008530: 2066 6972 7374 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first.partition\n-00008540: 206d 6967 6874 2073 7461 7274 2031 204d might start 1 M\n-00008550: 6942 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7374 6172 iB from the star\n-00008560: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a t of the disk...\n-00008570: 4750 540a 3d3d 3d0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 6e65 GPT.===..Some ne\n-00008580: 7765 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 7573 6520 wer systems use \n-00008590: 7468 6520 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 the GUID Partiti\n-000085a0: 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2066 on Table (GPT) f\n-000085b0: 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 5468 6973 2077 6173 ormat. This was\n-000085c0: 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 7061 .specified as pa\n-000085d0: 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e73 rt of the Extens\n-000085e0: 6962 6c65 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 496e ible Firmware In\n-000085f0: 7465 7266 6163 6520 2845 4649 292c 2062 terface (EFI), b\n-00008600: 7574 2069 7420 6361 6e0a 616c 736f 2062 ut it can.also b\n-00008610: 6520 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2070 e used on BIOS p\n-00008620: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 6620 7379 7374 latforms if syst\n-00008630: 656d 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7375 7070 em software supp\n-00008640: 6f72 7473 2069 743b 2066 6f72 0a65 7861 orts it; for.exa\n-00008650: 6d70 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2047 mple, GRUB and G\n-00008660: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2063 616e 2062 6520 NU/Linux can be \n-00008670: 7573 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6f6e used in this con\n-00008680: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2057 6974 figuration. Wit\n-00008690: 680a 7468 6973 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2069 h.this format, i\n-000086a0: 7420 6973 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f t is possible to\n-000086b0: 2072 6573 6572 7665 2061 2077 686f 6c65 reserve a whole\n-000086c0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2047 partition for G\n-000086d0: 5255 422c 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 RUB,.called the \n-000086e0: 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 BIOS Boot Partit\n-000086f0: 696f 6e2e 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e 2074 ion. GRUB can t\n-00008700: 6865 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 hen be embedded \n-00008710: 696e 746f 2074 6861 740a 7061 7274 6974 into that.partit\n-00008720: 696f 6e20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 ion without the \n-00008730: 7269 736b 206f 6620 6265 696e 6720 6f76 risk of being ov\n-00008740: 6572 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6279 206f 7468 erwritten by oth\n-00008750: 6572 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 616e 640a er software and.\n-00008760: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6265 696e 6720 636f without being co\n-00008770: 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 696e 2061 2066 696c ntained in a fil\n-00008780: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7768 6963 6820 6d69 esystem which mi\n-00008790: 6768 7420 6d6f 7665 2069 7473 2062 6c6f ght move its blo\n-000087a0: 636b 730a 6172 6f75 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 cks.around... \n-000087b0: 5768 656e 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 When creating a \n-000087c0: 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 BIOS Boot Partit\n-000087d0: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2061 2047 5054 2073 7973 ion on a GPT sys\n-000087e0: 7465 6d2c 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 tem, you should \n-000087f0: 6d61 6b65 0a73 7572 6520 7468 6174 2069 make.sure that i\n-00008800: 7420 6973 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3331 t is at least 31\n-00008810: 204b 6942 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2e20 2028 KiB in size. (\n-00008820: 4750 542d 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6469 GPT-formatted di\n-00008830: 736b 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 740a 7573 7561 sks are not.usua\n-00008840: 6c6c 7920 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 lly particularly\n-00008850: 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 736f 2077 6520 7265 small, so we re\n-00008860: 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 commend that you\n-00008870: 206d 616b 6520 6974 206c 6172 6765 7220 make it larger \n-00008880: 7468 616e 0a74 6865 2062 6172 6520 6d69 than.the bare mi\n-00008890: 6e69 6d75 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2031 nimum, such as 1\n-000088a0: 204d 6942 2c20 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 MiB, to allow p\n-000088b0: 6c65 6e74 7920 6f66 2072 6f6f 6d20 666f lenty of room fo\n-000088c0: 7220 6772 6f77 7468 2e29 0a59 6f75 206d r growth.).You m\n-000088d0: 7573 7420 616c 736f 206d 616b 6520 7375 ust also make su\n-000088e0: 7265 2074 6861 7420 6974 2068 6173 2074 re that it has t\n-000088f0: 6865 2070 726f 7065 7220 7061 7274 6974 he proper partit\n-00008900: 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 ion type. Using\n-00008910: 0a47 4e55 2050 6172 7465 642c 2079 6f75 .GNU Parted, you\n-00008920: 2063 616e 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 7573 can set this us\n-00008930: 696e 6720 6120 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7375 ing a command su\n-00008940: 6368 2061 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ch as the follow\n-00008950: 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2070 6172 ing:.. # par\n-00008960: 7465 6420 2f64 6576 2f44 4953 4b20 7365 ted /dev/DISK se\n-00008970: 7420 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e2d 4e55 4d42 t PARTITION-NUMB\n-00008980: 4552 2062 696f 735f 6772 7562 206f 6e0a ER bios_grub on.\n-00008990: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2075 . If you are u\n-000089a0: 7369 6e67 2067 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 sing gdisk, set \n-000089b0: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 the partition ty\n-000089c0: 7065 2074 6f20 e280 9830 7845 4630 32e2 pe to ...0xEF02.\n-000089d0: 8099 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7061 7274 6974 ... With.partit\n-000089e0: 696f 6e69 6e67 2070 726f 6772 616d 7320 ioning programs \n-000089f0: 7468 6174 2072 6571 7569 7265 2073 6574 that require set\n-00008a00: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2047 5549 4420 6469 ting the GUID di\n-00008a10: 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6974 2073 686f 756c rectly, it shoul\n-00008a20: 640a 6265 20e2 8098 3231 3638 3631 3438 d.be ...21686148\n-00008a30: 2d36 3434 392d 3665 3666 2d37 3434 6536 -6449-6e6f-744e6\n-00008a40: 3536 3536 3434 3534 3634 39e2 8099 2e0a 56564454649.....\n-00008a50: 0a20 2020 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2042 . *Caution:* B\n-00008a60: 6520 7665 7279 2063 6172 6566 756c 2077 e very careful w\n-00008a70: 6869 6368 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 hich partition y\n-00008a80: 6f75 2073 656c 6563 7421 2020 5768 656e ou select! When\n-00008a90: 2047 5255 420a 6669 6e64 7320 6120 4249 GRUB.finds a BI\n-00008aa0: 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f OS Boot Partitio\n-00008ab0: 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c n during install\n-00008ac0: 6174 696f 6e2c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 ation, it will a\n-00008ad0: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 0a6f 7665 utomatically.ove\n-00008ae0: 7277 7269 7465 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2069 rwrite part of i\n-00008af0: 742e 2020 4d61 6b65 2073 7572 6520 7468 t. Make sure th\n-00008b00: 6174 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e at the partition\n-00008b10: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 does not contai\n-00008b20: 6e20 616e 790a 6f74 6865 7220 6461 7461 n any.other data\n-00008b30: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00008b40: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 6f6f info, Node: Boo\n-00008b50: 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6e ting, Next: Con\n-00008b60: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 figuration, Pre\n-00008b70: 763a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c v: Installation,\n-00008b80: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a35 2042 6f6f Up: Top..5 Boo\n-00008b90: 7469 6e67 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a ting.*********..\n-00008ba0: 4752 5542 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 4d75 GRUB can load Mu\n-00008bb0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e ltiboot-complian\n-00008bc0: 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2061 2063 t kernels in a c\n-00008bd0: 6f6e 7369 7374 656e 7420 7761 792c 2062 onsistent way, b\n-00008be0: 7574 2066 6f72 0a73 6f6d 6520 6672 6565 ut for.some free\n-00008bf0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-00008c00: 6d73 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 ms you need to u\n-00008c10: 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 se some OS-speci\n-00008c20: 6669 6320 6d61 6769 632e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 fic magic...* Me\n-00008c30: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 nu:..* General b\n-00008c40: 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 733a 3a20 2020 oot methods:: \n-00008c50: 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 How to boot\n-00008c60: 204f 5365 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 OSes with GRUB \n-00008c70: 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 790a 2a20 4c6f 6f70 generally.* Loop\n-00008c80: 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 back booting:: \n-00008c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 Notes \n-00008ca0: 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 on booting from \n-00008cb0: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 730a 2a20 4c56 4d20 loopbacks.* LVM \n-00008cc0: 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 cache booting:: \n-00008cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 Notes \n-00008ce0: 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 on booting from \n-00008cf0: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 LVM cache logica\n-00008d00: 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a2a 204f 532d 7370 l volume.* OS-sp\n-00008d10: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 3a3a 2020 ecific notes:: \n-00008d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 6573 206f Notes o\n-00008d30: 6e20 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 n some operating\n-00008d40: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 systems....File\n-00008d50: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00008d60: 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 de: General boot\n-00008d70: 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a methods, Next:\n-00008d80: 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e Loopback bootin\n-00008d90: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a g, Up: Booting.\n-00008da0: 0a35 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 .5.1 How to boot\n-00008db0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-00008dc0: 6d73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ms.=============\n+000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000072b0: 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 ..If the device \n+000072c0: 6d61 7020 6669 6c65 2065 7869 7374 732c map file exists,\n+000072d0: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 the GRUB utilit\n+000072e0: 6965 7320 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f ies (...grub-pro\n+000072f0: 6265 e280 992c 2065 7463 2e29 0a72 6561 be..., etc.).rea\n+00007300: 6420 6974 2074 6f20 6d61 7020 4249 4f53 d it to map BIOS\n+00007310: 2064 7269 7665 7320 746f 204f 5320 6465 drives to OS de\n+00007320: 7669 6365 732e 2020 5468 6973 2066 696c vices. This fil\n+00007330: 6520 636f 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 6c69 e consists of li\n+00007340: 6e65 730a 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a nes.like this:..\n+00007350: 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 2920 4649 (DEVICE) FI\n+00007360: 4c45 0a0a 2020 2044 4556 4943 4520 6973 LE.. DEVICE is\n+00007370: 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 a drive specifi\n+00007380: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 ed in the GRUB s\n+00007390: 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 yntax (*note Dev\n+000073a0: 6963 650a 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2061 ice.syntax::), a\n+000073b0: 6e64 2046 494c 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 nd FILE is an OS\n+000073c0: 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 file, which is \n+000073d0: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6576 6963 normally a devic\n+000073e0: 6520 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 e file... Hist\n+000073f0: 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 6465 orically, the de\n+00007400: 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 7761 vice map file wa\n+00007410: 7320 7573 6564 2062 6563 6175 7365 2047 s used because G\n+00007420: 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 RUB device names\n+00007430: 0a68 6164 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 .had to be used \n+00007440: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 in the configura\n+00007450: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 6e64 2074 tion file, and t\n+00007460: 6865 7920 7765 7265 2064 6572 6976 6564 hey were derived\n+00007470: 2066 726f 6d0a 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 from.BIOS drive\n+00007480: 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e20 2054 6865 206d numbers. The m\n+00007490: 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f 5320 ap between BIOS \n+000074a0: 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 6465 drives and OS de\n+000074b0: 7669 6365 7320 6361 6e6e 6f74 0a61 6c77 vices cannot.alw\n+000074c0: 6179 7320 6265 2067 7565 7373 6564 2063 ays be guessed c\n+000074d0: 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 6578 orrectly: for ex\n+000074e0: 616d 706c 652c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c ample, GRUB will\n+000074f0: 2067 6574 2074 6865 206f 7264 6572 2077 get the order w\n+00007500: 726f 6e67 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6578 6368 rong.if you exch\n+00007510: 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 ange the boot se\n+00007520: 7175 656e 6365 2062 6574 7765 656e 2049 quence between I\n+00007530: 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 4920 696e 2079 DE and SCSI in y\n+00007540: 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2020 556e our BIOS... Un\n+00007550: 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c 792c 2065 7665 fortunately, eve\n+00007560: 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 n OS device name\n+00007570: 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 7761 7973 s are not always\n+00007580: 2073 7461 626c 652e 2020 4d6f 6465 726e stable. Modern\n+00007590: 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 6865 .versions of the\n+000075a0: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 Linux kernel ma\n+000075b0: 7920 7072 6f62 6520 6472 6976 6573 2069 y probe drives i\n+000075c0: 6e20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6f72 n a different or\n+000075d0: 6465 7220 6672 6f6d 0a62 6f6f 7420 746f der from.boot to\n+000075e0: 2062 6f6f 742c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 boot, and the p\n+000075f0: 7265 6669 7820 28e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 refix (.../dev/h\n+00007600: 642a e280 9920 7665 7273 7573 20e2 8098 d*... versus ...\n+00007610: 2f64 6576 2f73 642a e280 9929 206d 6179 /dev/sd*...) may\n+00007620: 2063 6861 6e67 650a 6465 7065 6e64 696e change.dependin\n+00007630: 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 7220 g on the driver \n+00007640: 7375 6273 7973 7465 6d20 696e 2075 7365 subsystem in use\n+00007650: 2e20 2041 7320 6120 7265 7375 6c74 2c20 . As a result, \n+00007660: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 0a66 the device map.f\n+00007670: 696c 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 2066 7265 ile required fre\n+00007680: 7175 656e 7420 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f6e quent editing on\n+00007690: 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a some systems...\n+000076a0: 2020 2047 5255 4220 6176 6f69 6473 2074 GRUB avoids t\n+000076b0: 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 6e6f 7761 his problem nowa\n+000076c0: 6461 7973 2062 7920 7573 696e 6720 5555 days by using UU\n+000076d0: 4944 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 IDs or file syst\n+000076e0: 656d 0a6c 6162 656c 7320 7768 656e 2067 em.labels when g\n+000076f0: 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 enerating ...gru\n+00007700: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 7765 b.cfg..., and we\n+00007710: 2061 6476 6973 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 advise that you\n+00007720: 2064 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a66 6f72 do the same.for\n+00007730: 2061 6e79 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6d65 6e75 any custom menu\n+00007740: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2079 6f75 2077 7269 entries you wri\n+00007750: 7465 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6465 7669 te. If the devi\n+00007760: 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 646f 6573 ce map file does\n+00007770: 206e 6f74 0a65 7869 7374 2c20 7468 656e not.exist, then\n+00007780: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 the GRUB utilit\n+00007790: 6965 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 7373 756d 6520 ies will assume \n+000077a0: 6120 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 7920 6465 7669 a temporary devi\n+000077b0: 6365 206d 6170 206f 6e20 7468 650a 666c ce map on the.fl\n+000077c0: 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6f66 7465 y. This is ofte\n+000077d0: 6e20 676f 6f64 2065 6e6f 7567 682c 2070 n good enough, p\n+000077e0: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c 7920 696e 2074 articularly in t\n+000077f0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e20 6361 7365 206f he common case o\n+00007800: 660a 7369 6e67 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 f.single-disk sy\n+00007810: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 stems... Howev\n+00007820: 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d er, the device m\n+00007830: 6170 2066 696c 6520 6973 206e 6f74 2065 ap file is not e\n+00007840: 6e74 6972 656c 7920 6f62 736f 6c65 7465 ntirely obsolete\n+00007850: 2079 6574 2c20 616e 6420 6974 2069 730a yet, and it is.\n+00007860: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 206f 7665 7272 6964 used for overrid\n+00007870: 696e 6720 7768 656e 2063 7572 7265 6e74 ing when current\n+00007880: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 environment is \n+00007890: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 different from t\n+000078a0: 6865 206f 6e65 0a6f 6e20 626f 6f74 2e20 he one.on boot. \n+000078b0: 204d 6f73 7420 636f 6d6d 6f6e 2063 6173 Most common cas\n+000078c0: 6520 6973 2069 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 e is if you use \n+000078d0: 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 206c a partition or l\n+000078e0: 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 650a 6173 ogical volume.as\n+000078f0: 2061 2064 6973 6b20 666f 7220 7669 7274 a disk for virt\n+00007900: 7561 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 652e 2020 596f ual machine. Yo\n+00007910: 7520 6361 6e20 7075 7420 616e 7920 636f u can put any co\n+00007920: 6d6d 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 mments in the fi\n+00007930: 6c65 2069 660a 6e65 6564 6564 2c20 6173 le if.needed, as\n+00007940: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 the GRUB utilit\n+00007950: 6965 7320 6173 7375 6d65 2074 6861 7420 ies assume that \n+00007960: 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 a line is just a\n+00007970: 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2069 660a 7468 6520 comment if.the \n+00007980: 6669 7273 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 first character \n+00007990: 6973 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 is ...#........F\n+000079a0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000079b0: 204e 6f64 653a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 Node: BIOS inst\n+000079c0: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a allation, Prev:\n+000079d0: 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5570 Device map, Up\n+000079e0: 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 0a0a : Installation..\n+000079f0: 342e 3420 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 4.4 BIOS install\n+00007a00: 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ation.==========\n+00007a10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4d 4252 ===========..MBR\n+00007a20: 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 .===..The partit\n+00007a30: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 ion table format\n+00007a40: 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2075 traditionally u\n+00007a50: 7365 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 sed on PC BIOS p\n+00007a60: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 730a 6361 6c6c latforms is.call\n+00007a70: 6564 2074 6865 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f ed the Master Bo\n+00007a80: 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 ot Record (MBR) \n+00007a90: 666f 726d 6174 3b20 7468 6973 2069 7320 format; this is \n+00007aa0: 7468 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 6861 740a the format that.\n+00007ab0: 616c 6c6f 7773 2075 7020 746f 2066 6f75 allows up to fou\n+00007ac0: 7220 7072 696d 6172 7920 7061 7274 6974 r primary partit\n+00007ad0: 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2061 6464 6974 696f ions and additio\n+00007ae0: 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 7061 7274 nal logical part\n+00007af0: 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 5769 7468 2074 6869 itions..With thi\n+00007b00: 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c s partition tabl\n+00007b10: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7468 6572 6520 e format, there \n+00007b20: 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 are two ways to \n+00007b30: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 3a20 6974 install GRUB: it\n+00007b40: 0a63 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 .can be embedded\n+00007b50: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6172 6561 2062 6574 in the area bet\n+00007b60: 7765 656e 2074 6865 204d 4252 2061 6e64 ween the MBR and\n+00007b70: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 the first parti\n+00007b80: 7469 6f6e 0a28 6361 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 tion.(called by \n+00007b90: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6e61 6d65 732c 2073 various names, s\n+00007ba0: 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2022 626f 6f74 uch as the \"boot\n+00007bb0: 2074 7261 636b 222c 2022 4d42 5220 6761 track\", \"MBR ga\n+00007bc0: 7022 2c20 6f72 0a22 656d 6265 6464 696e p\", or.\"embeddin\n+00007bd0: 6720 6172 6561 222c 2061 6e64 2077 6869 g area\", and whi\n+00007be0: 6368 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6174 ch is usually at\n+00007bf0: 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 4229 least 1000 KiB)\n+00007c00: 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d , or the core.im\n+00007c10: 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2069 6e73 7461 age can be insta\n+00007c20: 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 6120 6669 6c65 2073 lled in a file s\n+00007c30: 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 6120 6c69 7374 ystem and a list\n+00007c40: 206f 6620 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 2074 of the blocks t\n+00007c50: 6861 740a 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 7570 2063 hat.make it up c\n+00007c60: 616e 2062 6520 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 an be stored in \n+00007c70: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 the first sector\n+00007c80: 206f 6620 7468 6174 2070 6172 7469 7469 of that partiti\n+00007c90: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 2074 on... Modern t\n+00007ca0: 6f6f 6c73 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c 6561 ools usually lea\n+00007cb0: 7665 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f 6620 6174 ve MBR gap of at\n+00007cc0: 206c 6561 7374 2031 3032 3320 4b69 422e least 1023 KiB.\n+00007cd0: 2054 6869 7320 616d 6f75 6e74 0a69 7320 This amount.is \n+00007ce0: 7375 6666 6963 6965 6e74 2074 6f20 636f sufficient to co\n+00007cf0: 7665 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ver most configu\n+00007d00: 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4865 6e63 6520 rations. Hence \n+00007d10: 7468 6973 2076 616c 7565 2069 730a 7265 this value is.re\n+00007d20: 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 commended by the\n+00007d30: 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2e0a 0a20 2020 GRUB team... \n+00007d40: 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 206d 616e Historically man\n+00007d50: 7920 746f 6f6c 7320 6c65 6674 206f 6e6c y tools left onl\n+00007d60: 7920 3331 204b 6942 206f 6620 7370 6163 y 31 KiB of spac\n+00007d70: 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 740a e. This is not.\n+00007d80: 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 7061 7273 6520 enough to parse \n+00007d90: 7265 6c69 6162 6c79 2064 6966 6669 6375 reliably difficu\n+00007da0: 6c74 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 6c69 lt structures li\n+00007db0: 6b65 2042 7472 6673 2c20 5a46 532c 2052 ke Btrfs, ZFS, R\n+00007dc0: 4149 4420 6f72 0a4c 564d 2c20 6f72 2074 AID or.LVM, or t\n+00007dd0: 6f20 7573 6520 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 o use difficult \n+00007de0: 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d65 7468 disk access meth\n+00007df0: 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 2061 6863 692e 2020 ods like ahci. \n+00007e00: 4865 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a Hence GRUB will.\n+00007e10: 7761 726e 2069 6620 6174 7465 6d70 7465 warn if attempte\n+00007e20: 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 6e74 d to install int\n+00007e30: 6f20 736d 616c 6c20 4d42 5220 6761 7020 o small MBR gap \n+00007e40: 6578 6365 7074 2069 6e20 6120 736d 616c except in a smal\n+00007e50: 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 0a6f 6620 636f 6e66 l number.of conf\n+00007e60: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6861 7420 igurations that \n+00007e70: 7765 7265 2067 7261 6e64 6661 7468 6572 were grandfather\n+00007e80: 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2067 7261 6e64 6661 ed. The grandfa\n+00007e90: 7468 6572 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 670a 6d75 thered config.mu\n+00007ea0: 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7573 6520 st:.. ... use \n+00007eb0: 6269 6f73 6469 736b 2061 7320 6469 736b biosdisk as disk\n+00007ec0: 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 access module f\n+00007ed0: 6f72 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 0a0a or .../boot.....\n+00007ee0: 2020 20e2 80a2 206e 6f74 2075 7365 2061 ... not use a\n+00007ef0: 6e79 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 ny additional pa\n+00007f00: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7073 2074 6f20 rtition maps to \n+00007f10: 6163 6365 7373 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 access .../boot.\n+00007f20: 8099 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2f62 .... ... .../b\n+00007f30: 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 206f oot... must be o\n+00007f40: 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f66 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 n one of followi\n+00007f50: 6e67 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 ng filesystems: \n+00007f60: 4146 4653 2c20 4146 532c 2042 4653 2c0a AFFS, AFS, BFS,.\n+00007f70: 2020 2020 2063 7069 6f2c 206e 6577 632c cpio, newc,\n+00007f80: 206f 6463 2c20 6578 7432 2f33 2f34 2c20 odc, ext2/3/4, \n+00007f90: 4641 542c 2065 7846 4154 2c20 4632 4653 FAT, exFAT, F2FS\n+00007fa0: 2c20 4846 532c 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 , HFS, uncompres\n+00007fb0: 7365 640a 2020 2020 2048 4653 2b2c 2049 sed. HFS+, I\n+00007fc0: 534f 3936 3630 2c20 4a46 532c 204d 696e SO9660, JFS, Min\n+00007fd0: 6978 2c20 4d69 6e69 7832 2c20 4d69 6e69 ix, Minix2, Mini\n+00007fe0: 7833 2c20 4e49 4c46 5332 2c20 4e54 4653 x3, NILFS2, NTFS\n+00007ff0: 2c20 5265 6973 6572 4653 2c0a 2020 2020 , ReiserFS,. \n+00008000: 2052 4f4d 4653 2c20 5346 532c 2074 6172 ROMFS, SFS, tar\n+00008010: 2c20 5544 462c 2055 4653 312c 2055 4653 , UDF, UFS1, UFS\n+00008020: 322c 2058 4653 0a0a 2020 204d 4252 2067 2, XFS.. MBR g\n+00008030: 6170 2068 6173 2066 6577 2074 6563 686e ap has few techn\n+00008040: 6963 616c 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e 2020 ical problems. \n+00008050: 5468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7761 7920 There is no way \n+00008060: 746f 2072 6573 6572 7665 2073 7061 6365 to reserve space\n+00008070: 0a69 6e20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 696e .in the embeddin\n+00008080: 6720 6172 6561 2077 6974 6820 636f 6d70 g area with comp\n+00008090: 6c65 7465 2073 6166 6574 792c 2061 6e64 lete safety, and\n+000080a0: 2073 6f6d 6520 7072 6f70 7269 6574 6172 some proprietar\n+000080b0: 790a 736f 6674 7761 7265 2069 7320 6b6e y.software is kn\n+000080c0: 6f77 6e20 746f 2075 7365 2069 7420 746f own to use it to\n+000080d0: 206d 616b 6520 6974 2064 6966 6669 6375 make it difficu\n+000080e0: 6c74 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7273 2074 6f20 lt for users to \n+000080f0: 776f 726b 0a61 726f 756e 6420 6c69 6365 work.around lice\n+00008100: 6e73 696e 6720 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f nsing restrictio\n+00008110: 6e73 2e20 2047 5255 4220 776f 726b 7320 ns. GRUB works \n+00008120: 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7420 6279 2064 6574 around it by det\n+00008130: 6563 7469 6e67 0a73 6563 746f 7273 2062 ecting.sectors b\n+00008140: 7920 6f74 6865 7220 736f 6674 7761 7265 y other software\n+00008150: 2061 6e64 2061 766f 6964 696e 6720 7468 and avoiding th\n+00008160: 656d 2061 6e64 2070 726f 7465 6374 696e em and protectin\n+00008170: 6720 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a 7365 6374 6f72 g its own.sector\n+00008180: 7320 7573 696e 6720 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c s using Reed-Sol\n+00008190: 6f6d 6f6e 2065 6e63 6f64 696e 672e 0a0a omon encoding...\n+000081a0: 2020 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2072 6563 GRUB team rec\n+000081b0: 6f6d 6d65 6e64 7320 6861 7669 6e67 204d ommends having M\n+000081c0: 4252 2067 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 BR gap of at lea\n+000081d0: 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 422e 0a0a 2020 st 1000 KiB... \n+000081e0: 2053 686f 756c 6420 6974 206e 6f74 2062 Should it not b\n+000081f0: 6520 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 e possible, GRUB\n+00008200: 2068 6173 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 has support for\n+00008210: 2061 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 736f 6c75 a fallback solu\n+00008220: 7469 6f6e 0a77 6869 6368 2069 7320 6865 tion.which is he\n+00008230: 6176 696c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 avily recommende\n+00008240: 6420 6167 6169 6e73 742e 2020 496e 7374 d against. Inst\n+00008250: 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 alling to a file\n+00008260: 7379 7374 656d 206d 6561 6e73 0a74 6861 system means.tha\n+00008270: 7420 4752 5542 2069 7320 7675 6c6e 6572 t GRUB is vulner\n+00008280: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6974 7320 626c 6f63 able to its bloc\n+00008290: 6b73 2062 6569 6e67 206d 6f76 6564 2061 ks being moved a\n+000082a0: 726f 756e 6420 6279 2066 696c 6573 7973 round by filesys\n+000082b0: 7465 6d0a 6665 6174 7572 6573 2073 7563 tem.features suc\n+000082c0: 6820 6173 2074 6169 6c20 7061 636b 696e h as tail packin\n+000082d0: 672c 206f 7220 6576 656e 2062 7920 6167 g, or even by ag\n+000082e0: 6772 6573 7369 7665 2066 7363 6b0a 696d gressive fsck.im\n+000082f0: 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2073 plementations, s\n+00008300: 6f20 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 6820 o this approach \n+00008310: 6973 2071 7569 7465 2066 7261 6769 6c65 is quite fragile\n+00008320: 3b20 616e 6420 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f ; and this appro\n+00008330: 6163 680a 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 ach.can only be \n+00008340: 7573 6564 2069 6620 7468 6520 e280 982f used if the .../\n+00008350: 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6669 6c65 7379 7374 boot... filesyst\n+00008360: 656d 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d em is on the sam\n+00008370: 6520 6469 736b 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a e disk that the.\n+00008380: 4249 4f53 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2c BIOS boots from,\n+00008390: 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f so that GRUB do\n+000083a0: 6573 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 746f 2072 es not have to r\n+000083b0: 656c 7920 6f6e 2067 7565 7373 696e 6720 ely on guessing \n+000083c0: 4249 4f53 0a64 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 BIOS.drive numbe\n+000083d0: 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 4752 5542 rs... The GRUB\n+000083e0: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2074 6561 development tea\n+000083f0: 6d20 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7265 636f m generally reco\n+00008400: 6d6d 656e 6473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 mmends embedding\n+00008410: 2047 5255 4220 6265 666f 7265 0a74 6865 GRUB before.the\n+00008420: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first partition\n+00008430: 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 2068 6176 , unless you hav\n+00008440: 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7265 7175 6972 e special requir\n+00008450: 656d 656e 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 ements. 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This w\n+000085c0: 6173 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 as.specified as \n+000085d0: 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 4578 7465 part of the Exte\n+000085e0: 6e73 6962 6c65 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 nsible Firmware \n+000085f0: 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 2845 4649 292c Interface (EFI),\n+00008600: 2062 7574 2069 7420 6361 6e0a 616c 736f but it can.also\n+00008610: 2062 6520 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 be used on BIOS\n+00008620: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 6620 7379 platforms if sy\n+00008630: 7374 656d 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7375 stem software su\n+00008640: 7070 6f72 7473 2069 743b 2066 6f72 0a65 pports it; for.e\n+00008650: 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2061 6e64 xample, GRUB and\n+00008660: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2063 616e 2062 GNU/Linux can b\n+00008670: 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6973 2063 e used in this c\n+00008680: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2057 onfiguration. W\n+00008690: 6974 680a 7468 6973 2066 6f72 6d61 742c ith.this format,\n+000086a0: 2069 7420 6973 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 it is possible \n+000086b0: 746f 2072 6573 6572 7665 2061 2077 686f to reserve a who\n+000086c0: 6c65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 le partition for\n+000086d0: 2047 5255 422c 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 GRUB,.called th\n+000086e0: 6520 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 e BIOS Boot Part\n+000086f0: 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e ition. GRUB can\n+00008700: 2074 6865 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 then be embedde\n+00008710: 6420 696e 746f 2074 6861 740a 7061 7274 d into that.part\n+00008720: 6974 696f 6e20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 ition without th\n+00008730: 6520 7269 736b 206f 6620 6265 696e 6720 e risk of being \n+00008740: 6f76 6572 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6279 206f overwritten by o\n+00008750: 7468 6572 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 616e ther software an\n+00008760: 640a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6265 696e 6720 d.without being \n+00008770: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 696e 2061 2066 contained in a f\n+00008780: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7768 6963 6820 ilesystem which \n+00008790: 6d69 6768 7420 6d6f 7665 2069 7473 2062 might move its b\n+000087a0: 6c6f 636b 730a 6172 6f75 6e64 2e0a 0a20 locks.around... \n+000087b0: 2020 5768 656e 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 When creating \n+000087c0: 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 a BIOS Boot Part\n+000087d0: 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2061 2047 5054 2073 ition on a GPT s\n+000087e0: 7973 7465 6d2c 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c ystem, you shoul\n+000087f0: 6420 6d61 6b65 0a73 7572 6520 7468 6174 d make.sure that\n+00008800: 2069 7420 6973 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 it is at least \n+00008810: 3331 204b 6942 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2e20 31 KiB in size. \n+00008820: 2028 4750 542d 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 (GPT-formatted \n+00008830: 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 740a 7573 disks are not.us\n+00008840: 7561 6c6c 7920 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 ually particular\n+00008850: 6c79 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 736f 2077 6520 ly small, so we \n+00008860: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 recommend that y\n+00008870: 6f75 206d 616b 6520 6974 206c 6172 6765 ou make it large\n+00008880: 7220 7468 616e 0a74 6865 2062 6172 6520 r than.the bare \n+00008890: 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 minimum, such as\n+000088a0: 2031 204d 6942 2c20 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 1 MiB, to allow\n+000088b0: 2070 6c65 6e74 7920 6f66 2072 6f6f 6d20 plenty of room \n+000088c0: 666f 7220 6772 6f77 7468 2e29 0a59 6f75 for growth.).You\n+000088d0: 206d 7573 7420 616c 736f 206d 616b 6520 must also make \n+000088e0: 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 6974 2068 6173 sure that it has\n+000088f0: 2074 6865 2070 726f 7065 7220 7061 7274 the proper part\n+00008900: 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2e20 2055 7369 ition type. Usi\n+00008910: 6e67 0a47 4e55 2050 6172 7465 642c 2079 ng.GNU Parted, y\n+00008920: 6f75 2063 616e 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 ou can set this \n+00008930: 7573 696e 6720 6120 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 using a command \n+00008940: 7375 6368 2061 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c such as the foll\n+00008950: 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2070 owing:.. # p\n+00008960: 6172 7465 6420 2f64 6576 2f44 4953 4b20 arted /dev/DISK \n+00008970: 7365 7420 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e2d 4e55 set PARTITION-NU\n+00008980: 4d42 4552 2062 696f 735f 6772 7562 206f MBER bios_grub o\n+00008990: 6e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 n.. If you are\n+000089a0: 2075 7369 6e67 2067 6469 736b 2c20 7365 using gdisk, se\n+000089b0: 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 t the partition \n+000089c0: 7479 7065 2074 6f20 e280 9830 7845 4630 type to ...0xEF0\n+000089d0: 32e2 8099 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7061 7274 2.... With.part\n+000089e0: 6974 696f 6e69 6e67 2070 726f 6772 616d itioning program\n+000089f0: 7320 7468 6174 2072 6571 7569 7265 2073 s that require s\n+00008a00: 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2047 5549 4420 etting the GUID \n+00008a10: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6974 2073 686f directly, it sho\n+00008a20: 756c 640a 6265 20e2 8098 3231 3638 3631 uld.be ...216861\n+00008a30: 3438 2d36 3434 392d 3665 3666 2d37 3434 48-6449-6e6f-744\n+00008a40: 6536 3536 3536 3434 3534 3634 39e2 8099 e656564454649...\n+00008a50: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a ... *Caution:*\n+00008a60: 2042 6520 7665 7279 2063 6172 6566 756c Be very careful\n+00008a70: 2077 6869 6368 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e which partition\n+00008a80: 2079 6f75 2073 656c 6563 7421 2020 5768 you select! Wh\n+00008a90: 656e 2047 5255 420a 6669 6e64 7320 6120 en GRUB.finds a \n+00008aa0: 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 BIOS Boot Partit\n+00008ab0: 696f 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2069 6e73 7461 ion during insta\n+00008ac0: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c llation, it will\n+00008ad0: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 0a6f automatically.o\n+00008ae0: 7665 7277 7269 7465 2070 6172 7420 6f66 verwrite part of\n+00008af0: 2069 742e 2020 4d61 6b65 2073 7572 6520 it. Make sure \n+00008b00: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 that the partiti\n+00008b10: 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 on does not cont\n+00008b20: 6169 6e20 616e 790a 6f74 6865 7220 6461 ain any.other da\n+00008b30: 7461 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ta.....File: gru\n+00008b40: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 b.info, Node: B\n+00008b50: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 ooting, Next: C\n+00008b60: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 onfiguration, P\n+00008b70: 7265 763a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f rev: Installatio\n+00008b80: 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a35 2042 n, Up: Top..5 B\n+00008b90: 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ooting.*********\n+00008ba0: 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 ..GRUB can load \n+00008bb0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 Multiboot-compli\n+00008bc0: 616e 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2061 ant kernels in a\n+00008bd0: 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 656e 7420 7761 792c consistent way,\n+00008be0: 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a73 6f6d 6520 6672 but for.some fr\n+00008bf0: 6565 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 ee operating sys\n+00008c00: 7465 6d73 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f tems you need to\n+00008c10: 2075 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 4f53 2d73 7065 use some OS-spe\n+00008c20: 6369 6669 6320 6d61 6769 632e 0a0a 2a20 cific magic...* \n+00008c30: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 656e 6572 616c Menu:..* General\n+00008c40: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 733a 3a20 boot methods:: \n+00008c50: 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f How to bo\n+00008c60: 6f74 204f 5365 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 ot OSes with GRU\n+00008c70: 4220 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 790a 2a20 4c6f B generally.* Lo\n+00008c80: 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a opback booting::\n+00008c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 Note\n+00008ca0: 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f s on booting fro\n+00008cb0: 6d20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 730a 2a20 4c56 m loopbacks.* LV\n+00008cc0: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 673a M cache booting:\n+00008cd0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 : Note\n+00008ce0: 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f s on booting fro\n+00008cf0: 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 m LVM cache logi\n+00008d00: 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a2a 204f 532d cal volume.* OS-\n+00008d10: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 3a3a specific notes::\n+00008d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 6573 Notes\n+00008d30: 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 on some operati\n+00008d40: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ng systems....Fi\n+00008d50: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00008d60: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f Node: General bo\n+00008d70: 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 204e 6578 ot methods, Nex\n+00008d80: 743a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 t: Loopback boot\n+00008d90: 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e ing, Up: Bootin\n+00008da0: 670a 0a35 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f g..5.1 How to bo\n+00008db0: 6f74 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 ot operating sys\n+00008dc0: 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d tems.===========\n 00008dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00008de0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2068 6173 2074 ====..GRUB has t\n-00008df0: 6872 6565 2064 6973 7469 6e63 7420 626f hree distinct bo\n-00008e00: 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 3a20 6c6f 6164 ot methods: load\n-00008e10: 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 ing an operating\n-00008e20: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 system.directly\n-00008e30: 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6b65 7865 6320 6672 , using kexec fr\n-00008e40: 6f6d 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2c20 616e om userspace, an\n-00008e50: 6420 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 d chainloading a\n-00008e60: 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 nother.bootloade\n-00008e70: 722e 2020 4765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7370 r. Generally sp\n-00008e80: 6561 6b69 6e67 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 eaking, the firs\n-00008e90: 7420 7477 6f20 6172 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 t two are more d\n-00008ea0: 6573 6972 6162 6c65 0a62 6563 6175 7365 esirable.because\n-00008eb0: 2079 6f75 2064 6f6e 2774 206e 6565 6420 you don't need \n-00008ec0: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206f 7220 6d61 to install or ma\n-00008ed0: 696e 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f intain other boo\n-00008ee0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 616e 640a 4752 t loaders and.GR\n-00008ef0: 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2065 UB is flexible e\n-00008f00: 6e6f 7567 6820 746f 206c 6f61 6420 616e nough to load an\n-00008f10: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-00008f20: 6d20 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 m from an arbitr\n-00008f30: 6172 790a 6469 736b 2f70 6172 7469 7469 ary.disk/partiti\n-00008f40: 6f6e 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6368 on. However, ch\n-00008f50: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 7320 736f ainloading is so\n-00008f60: 6d65 7469 6d65 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 metimes required\n-00008f70: 2c20 6173 2047 5255 420a 646f 6573 6e27 , as GRUB.doesn'\n-00008f80: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 6578 t support all ex\n-00008f90: 6973 7469 6e67 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 isting operating\n-00008fa0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 206e 6174 6976 656c systems nativel\n-00008fb0: 792e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204c y...* Menu:..* L\n-00008fc0: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 oading an operat\n-00008fd0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 ing system direc\n-00008fe0: 746c 793a 3a0a 2a20 4b65 7865 633a 3a0a tly::.* Kexec::.\n-00008ff0: 2a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a * Chain-loading:\n-00009000: 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e :....File: grub.\n-00009010: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 info, Node: Loa\n-00009020: 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e ding an operatin\n-00009030: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c g system directl\n-00009040: 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4b65 7865 632c y, Next: Kexec,\n-00009050: 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f Up: General bo\n-00009060: 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 0a0a 352e 312e ot methods..5.1.\n-00009070: 3120 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 1 How to boot an\n-00009080: 204f 5320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2077 6974 OS directly wit\n-00009090: 6820 4752 5542 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d h GRUB.---------\n+00008de0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2068 6173 ======..GRUB has\n+00008df0: 2074 6872 6565 2064 6973 7469 6e63 7420 three distinct \n+00008e00: 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 3a20 6c6f boot methods: lo\n+00008e10: 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 ading an operati\n+00008e20: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6469 7265 6374 ng system.direct\n+00008e30: 6c79 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6b65 7865 6320 ly, using kexec \n+00008e40: 6672 6f6d 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2c20 from userspace, \n+00008e50: 616e 6420 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 and chainloading\n+00008e60: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f61 another.bootloa\n+00008e70: 6465 722e 2020 4765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 der. Generally \n+00008e80: 7370 6561 6b69 6e67 2c20 7468 6520 6669 speaking, the fi\n+00008e90: 7273 7420 7477 6f20 6172 6520 6d6f 7265 rst two are more\n+00008ea0: 2064 6573 6972 6162 6c65 0a62 6563 6175 desirable.becau\n+00008eb0: 7365 2079 6f75 2064 6f6e 2774 206e 6565 se you don't nee\n+00008ec0: 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206f 7220 d to install or \n+00008ed0: 6d61 696e 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 2062 maintain other b\n+00008ee0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 616e 640a oot loaders and.\n+00008ef0: 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 6c65 GRUB is flexible\n+00008f00: 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 746f 206c 6f61 6420 enough to load \n+00008f10: 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 an operating sys\n+00008f20: 7465 6d20 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 6172 6269 tem from an arbi\n+00008f30: 7472 6172 790a 6469 736b 2f70 6172 7469 trary.disk/parti\n+00008f40: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 tion. However, \n+00008f50: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 7320 chainloading is \n+00008f60: 736f 6d65 7469 6d65 7320 7265 7175 6972 sometimes requir\n+00008f70: 6564 2c20 6173 2047 5255 420a 646f 6573 ed, as GRUB.does\n+00008f80: 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 n't support all \n+00008f90: 6578 6973 7469 6e67 206f 7065 7261 7469 existing operati\n+00008fa0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 206e 6174 6976 ng systems nativ\n+00008fb0: 656c 792e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ely...* Menu:..*\n+00008fc0: 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 Loading an oper\n+00008fd0: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 ating system dir\n+00008fe0: 6563 746c 793a 3a0a 2a20 4b65 7865 633a ectly::.* Kexec:\n+00008ff0: 3a0a 2a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e :.* Chain-loadin\n+00009000: 673a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 g::....File: gru\n+00009010: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c b.info, Node: L\n+00009020: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 oading an operat\n+00009030: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 ing system direc\n+00009040: 746c 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4b65 7865 tly, Next: Kexe\n+00009050: 632c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 c, Up: General \n+00009060: 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 0a0a 352e boot methods..5.\n+00009070: 312e 3120 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 1.1 How to boot \n+00009080: 616e 204f 5320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2077 an OS directly w\n+00009090: 6974 6820 4752 5542 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ith GRUB.-------\n 000090a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 000090b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000090c0: 2d0a 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2028 2a6e -..Multiboot (*n\n-000090d0: 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 ote Multiboot Sp\n-000090e0: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 ecification: (mu\n-000090f0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 2920 6973 ltiboot)Top.) is\n-00009100: 2074 6865 206e 6174 6976 650a 666f 726d the native.form\n-00009110: 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 at supported by \n-00009120: 4752 5542 2e20 466f 7220 7468 6520 7361 GRUB. For the sa\n-00009130: 6b65 206f 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 ke of convenienc\n-00009140: 652c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f e, there is also\n-00009150: 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 204c 696e .support for Lin\n-00009160: 7578 2c20 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 ux, FreeBSD, Net\n-00009170: 4253 4420 616e 6420 4f70 656e 4253 442e BSD and OpenBSD.\n-00009180: 2049 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 If you want to \n-00009190: 626f 6f74 0a6f 7468 6572 206f 7065 7261 boot.other opera\n-000091a0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 796f ting systems, yo\n-000091b0: 7520 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 746f 2063 u will have to c\n-000091c0: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2028 hain-load them (\n-000091d0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 *note.Chain-load\n-000091e0: 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4649 584d ing::)... FIXM\n-000091f0: 453a 2074 6869 7320 7365 6374 696f 6e20 E: this section \n-00009200: 6973 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 652e 0a0a is incomplete...\n-00009210: 2020 312e 2052 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 1. Run the com\n-00009220: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 9920 mand ...boot... \n-00009230: 282a 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a (*note boot::)..\n-00009240: 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2044 4f53 . However, DOS\n-00009250: 2061 6e64 2057 696e 646f 7773 2068 6176 and Windows hav\n-00009260: 6520 736f 6d65 2064 6566 6963 6965 6e63 e some deficienc\n-00009270: 6965 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 ies, so you migh\n-00009280: 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f0a 7573 6520 6d6f t have to.use mo\n-00009290: 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6963 6174 6564 2069 re complicated i\n-000092a0: 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e nstructions. *N\n-000092b0: 6f74 6520 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a ote DOS/Windows:\n-000092c0: 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f :, for more.info\n-000092d0: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rmation.....File\n-000092e0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000092f0: 6465 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 4e65 7874 de: Kexec, Next\n-00009300: 3a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 672c : Chain-loading,\n-00009310: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 Prev: Loading \n-00009320: 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 an operating sys\n-00009330: 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 2055 tem directly, U\n-00009340: 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 p: General boot \n-00009350: 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e32 204b methods..5.1.2 K\n-00009360: 6578 6563 2077 6974 6820 6772 7562 322d exec with grub2-\n-00009370: 656d 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d emu.------------\n-00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00009390: 4752 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 7275 6e20 GRUB can be run \n-000093a0: 696e 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2062 7920 in userspace by \n-000093b0: 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 2067 7275 invoking the gru\n-000093c0: 6232 2d65 6d75 2074 6f6f 6c2e 2020 4974 b2-emu tool. It\n-000093d0: 2077 696c 6c0a 7265 6164 2061 6c6c 2063 will.read all c\n-000093e0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 6372 onfiguration scr\n-000093f0: 6970 7473 2061 7320 6966 2062 6f6f 7469 ipts as if booti\n-00009400: 6e67 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 2873 6565 ng directly (see\n-00009410: 202a 6e6f 7465 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 0a61 *note Loading.a\n-00009420: 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 n operating syst\n-00009430: 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a29 2e20 em directly::). \n-00009440: 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b With the ...--k\n-00009450: 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 2c20 616e exec... flag, an\n-00009460: 6420 6b65 7865 6328 3829 0a73 7570 706f d kexec(8).suppo\n-00009470: 7274 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f70 6572 rt from the oper\n-00009480: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 ating system, th\n-00009490: 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 9920 636f e ...linux... co\n-000094a0: 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 mmand will direc\n-000094b0: 746c 790a 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2074 6172 tly.boot the tar\n-000094c0: 6765 7420 696d 6167 652e 2020 466f 7220 get image. For \n-000094d0: 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 206c 6163 systems that lac\n-000094e0: 6b20 776f 726b 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d k working system\n-000094f0: 6374 6c28 3129 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 ctl(1).support f\n-00009500: 6f72 206b 6578 6563 2c20 7061 7373 696e or kexec, passin\n-00009510: 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 g the ...--kexec\n-00009520: e280 9920 666c 6167 2074 7769 6365 2077 ... flag twice w\n-00009530: 696c 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a ill fallback to.\n-00009540: 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 206b 6578 6563 2838 invoking kexec(8\n-00009550: 2920 6469 7265 6374 6c79 3b20 6e6f 7465 ) directly; note\n-00009560: 2068 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6861 7420 7468 however that th\n-00009570: 6973 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 6d61 7920 is fallback may \n-00009580: 6265 0a75 6e73 6166 6520 6f75 7473 6964 be.unsafe outsid\n-00009590: 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 656e 7669 e read-only envi\n-000095a0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 6173 2069 7420 ronments, as it \n-000095b0: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6e76 6f6b 6520 does not invoke \n-000095c0: 7368 7574 646f 776e 0a6d 6163 6869 6e65 shutdown.machine\n-000095d0: 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ry.....File: gru\n-000095e0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 b.info, Node: C\n-000095f0: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2c20 2050 hain-loading, P\n-00009600: 7265 763a 204b 6578 6563 2c20 2055 703a rev: Kexec, Up:\n-00009610: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 General boot me\n-00009620: 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e33 2043 6861 thods..5.1.3 Cha\n-00009630: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 4f53 in-loading an OS\n-00009640: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00009650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4f70 6572 ----------..Oper\n-00009660: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 ating systems th\n-00009670: 6174 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 7375 7070 6f72 at do not suppor\n-00009680: 7420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 t Multiboot and \n-00009690: 646f 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 do not have spec\n-000096a0: 6966 6963 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2069 6e20 ific.support in \n-000096b0: 4752 5542 2028 7370 6563 6966 6963 2073 GRUB (specific s\n-000096c0: 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 upport is availa\n-000096d0: 626c 6520 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 782c 2046 ble for Linux, F\n-000096e0: 7265 6542 5344 2c0a 4e65 7442 5344 2061 reeBSD,.NetBSD a\n-000096f0: 6e64 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2920 6d75 7374 nd OpenBSD) must\n-00009700: 2062 6520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6564 be chain-loaded\n-00009710: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 696e 766f 6c76 6573 , which involves\n-00009720: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 loading another\n-00009730: 0a62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 .boot loader and\n-00009740: 206a 756d 7069 6e67 2074 6f20 6974 2069 jumping to it i\n-00009750: 6e20 7265 616c 206d 6f64 6520 6f72 2076 n real mode or v\n-00009760: 6961 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e ia the firmware.\n-00009770: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6368 6169 .. The ...chai\n-00009780: 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 nloader... comma\n-00009790: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6169 6e6c nd (*note chainl\n-000097a0: 6f61 6465 723a 3a29 2069 7320 7573 6564 oader::) is used\n-000097b0: 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6973 0a75 702e to set this.up.\n-000097c0: 2020 4974 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 It is normally\n-000097d0: 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 also necessary \n-000097e0: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 2047 5255 to load some GRU\n-000097f0: 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 616e 6420 7365 B modules and se\n-00009800: 7420 7468 650a 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 t the.appropriat\n-00009810: 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 e root device. \n-00009820: 5075 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2074 6f67 Putting this tog\n-00009830: 6574 6865 722c 2077 6520 6765 7420 736f ether, we get so\n-00009840: 6d65 7468 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 mething like.thi\n-00009850: 732c 2066 6f72 2061 2057 696e 646f 7773 s, for a Windows\n-00009860: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 system on the f\n-00009870: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f irst partition o\n-00009880: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 f the first hard\n-00009890: 0a64 6973 6b3a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 .disk:..menuentr\n-000098a0: 7920 2257 696e 646f 7773 2220 7b0a 0969 y \"Windows\" {..i\n-000098b0: 6e73 6d6f 6420 6368 6169 6e0a 0969 6e73 nsmod chain..ins\n-000098c0: 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a09 7365 7420 726f mod ntfs..set ro\n-000098d0: 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a09 6368 6169 ot=(hd0,1)..chai\n-000098e0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a7d 0a0a 2020 nloader +1.}.. \n-000098f0: 204f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 On systems with\n-00009900: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6861 7264 2064 multiple hard d\n-00009910: 6973 6b73 2c20 616e 2061 6464 6974 696f isks, an additio\n-00009920: 6e61 6c20 776f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 206d nal workaround m\n-00009930: 6179 2062 650a 7265 7175 6972 6564 2e20 ay be.required. \n-00009940: 202a 4e6f 7465 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f *Note DOS/Windo\n-00009950: 7773 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6169 6e2d ws::... Chain-\n-00009960: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 loading is only \n-00009970: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 supported on PC \n-00009980: 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 2070 6c61 BIOS and EFI pla\n-00009990: 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a tforms.....File:\n-000099a0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000099b0: 653a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 e: Loopback boot\n-000099c0: 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4c56 4d20 ing, Next: LVM \n-000099d0: 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 cache booting, \n-000099e0: 5072 6576 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f Prev: General bo\n-000099f0: 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 2055 703a ot methods, Up:\n-00009a00: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3220 4c6f Booting..5.2 Lo\n-00009a10: 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a3d opback booting.=\n-00009a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00009a30: 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6973 2061 626c ===..GRUB is abl\n-00009a40: 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 e to read from a\n-00009a50: 6e20 696d 6167 6520 2862 6520 6974 206f n image (be it o\n-00009a60: 6e65 206f 6620 4344 206f 7220 4844 4429 ne of CD or HDD)\n-00009a70: 2073 746f 7265 6420 6f6e 0a61 6e79 206f stored on.any o\n-00009a80: 6620 6974 7320 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 f its accessible\n-00009a90: 2073 746f 7261 6765 7320 2872 6566 6572 storages (refer\n-00009aa0: 2074 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 to *note loopba\n-00009ab0: 636b 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 292e 0a48 ck:: command)..H\n-00009ac0: 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6865 204f 5320 6974 owever the OS it\n-00009ad0: 7365 6c66 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 self should be a\n-00009ae0: 626c 6520 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 7320 ble to find its \n-00009af0: 726f 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7573 7561 root. This usua\n-00009b00: 6c6c 790a 696e 766f 6c76 6573 2072 756e lly.involves run\n-00009b10: 6e69 6e67 2061 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 ning a userspace\n-00009b20: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 program running\n-00009b30: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7265 616c before the real\n-00009b40: 2072 6f6f 7420 6973 0a64 6973 636f 7665 root is.discove\n-00009b50: 7265 642e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 red. This is ac\n-00009b60: 6869 6576 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 206c hieved by GRUB l\n-00009b70: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c oading a special\n-00009b80: 6c79 206d 6164 6520 736d 616c 6c0a 696d ly made small.im\n-00009b90: 6167 6520 616e 6420 7061 7373 696e 6720 age and passing \n-00009ba0: 6974 2061 7320 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 746f it as ramdisk to\n-00009bb0: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 5468 the kernel. Th\n-00009bc0: 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 is is achieved b\n-00009bd0: 790a 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 6b66 y.commands ...kf\n-00009be0: 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 reebsd_module...\n-00009bf0: 2c20 e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 , ...knetbsd_mod\n-00009c00: 756c 655f 656c 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b ule_elf..., ...k\n-00009c10: 6f70 656e 6273 645f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 openbsd_ramdisk.\n-00009c20: 8099 2c0a e280 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 ..,....initrd...\n-00009c30: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a (*note initrd::\n-00009c40: 292c 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 ), ...initrd16..\n-00009c50: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 6431 . (*note initrd1\n-00009c60: 363a 3a29 2c0a e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6::),....multibo\n-00009c70: 6f74 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 ot_module..., ..\n-00009c80: 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 325f 6d6f 6475 .multiboot2_modu\n-00009c90: 6c65 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 786e 755f le... or ...xnu_\n-00009ca0: 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2064 6570 656e ramdisk... depen\n-00009cb0: 6469 6e67 206f 6e0a 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 ding on.the load\n-00009cc0: 6572 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2066 er. Note that f\n-00009cd0: 6f72 206b 6e65 7462 7364 2074 6865 2069 or knetbsd the i\n-00009ce0: 6d61 6765 206d 7573 7420 6265 2070 7574 mage must be put\n-00009cf0: 2069 6e73 6964 650a 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 inside.miniroot\n-00009d00: 2e6b 6d6f 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7768 .kmod and the wh\n-00009d10: 6f6c 6520 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f ole miniroot.kmo\n-00009d20: 6420 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 d has to be load\n-00009d30: 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 ed. In kopenbsd\n-00009d40: 0a70 6179 6c6f 6164 2074 6869 7320 6973 .payload this is\n-00009d50: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 disabled by def\n-00009d60: 6175 6c74 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 ault. Additiona\n-00009d70: 6c6c 792c 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f lly, behaviour o\n-00009d80: 6620 696e 6974 6961 6c0a 7261 6d64 6973 f initial.ramdis\n-00009d90: 6b20 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2063 6f6d k depends on com\n-00009da0: 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e mand line option\n-00009db0: 732e 2020 5365 7665 7261 6c20 6469 7374 s. Several dist\n-00009dc0: 7269 6275 746f 7273 2070 726f 7669 6465 ributors provide\n-00009dd0: 0a74 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2074 .the image for t\n-00009de0: 6869 7320 7075 7270 6f73 6520 6f72 2069 his purpose or i\n-00009df0: 7427 7320 696e 7465 6772 6174 6564 2069 t's integrated i\n-00009e00: 6e20 7468 6569 7220 7374 616e 6461 7264 n their standard\n-00009e10: 2072 616d 6469 736b 0a61 6e64 2061 6374 ramdisk.and act\n-00009e20: 6976 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6563 6961 ivated by specia\n-00009e30: 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 l option. Consu\n-00009e40: 6c74 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c 2061 lt your kernel a\n-00009e50: 6e64 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e0a nd distribution.\n-00009e60: 6d61 6e75 616c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 manual for more \n-00009e70: 6465 7461 696c 732e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 details. Other \n-00009e80: 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 loaders like ...\n-00009e90: 6170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2c0a appleloader...,.\n-00009ea0: e280 9863 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 ...chainloader..\n-00009eb0: 9920 2842 494f 532c 2045 4649 2c20 636f . (BIOS, EFI, co\n-00009ec0: 7265 626f 6f74 292c 20e2 8098 6672 6565 reboot), ...free\n-00009ed0: 646f 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 986e 746c 6472 dos..., ...ntldr\n-00009ee0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 ..., ...plan9...\n-00009ef0: 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 7472 7565 6372 7970 and....truecryp\n-00009f00: 74e2 8099 2070 726f 7669 6465 206e 6f20 t... provide no \n-00009f10: 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 206c possibility of l\n-00009f20: 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2072 oading initial r\n-00009f30: 616d 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2061 7320 6661 amdisk and as fa\n-00009f40: 720a 6173 2061 7574 686f 7220 6973 2061 r.as author is a\n-00009f50: 7761 7265 2074 6865 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 ware the payload\n-00009f60: 7320 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 646f s in question do\n-00009f70: 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6569 7468 n't support eith\n-00009f80: 6572 2069 6e69 7469 616c 0a72 616d 6469 er initial.ramdi\n-00009f90: 736b 206f 7220 6469 7363 6f76 6572 696e sk or discoverin\n-00009fa0: 6720 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7420 g loopback boot \n-00009fb0: 696e 206f 7468 6572 2077 6179 2061 6e64 in other way and\n-00009fc0: 2061 7320 7375 6368 206e 6f74 0a62 6f6f as such not.boo\n-00009fd0: 7461 626c 6520 7468 6973 2077 6179 2e20 table this way. \n-00009fe0: 2050 6c65 6173 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 Please consider\n-00009ff0: 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2062 6f6f alternative boo\n-0000a000: 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 0a63 t methods like.c\n-0000a010: 6f70 7969 6e67 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 opying all files\n-0000a020: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 from the image \n-0000a030: 746f 2061 6374 7561 6c20 7061 7274 6974 to actual partit\n-0000a040: 696f 6e2e 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 796f ion. Consult yo\n-0000a050: 7572 204f 530a 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 ur OS.documentat\n-0000a060: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 ion for more det\n-0000a070: 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ails.....File: g\n-0000a080: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0000a090: 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 LVM cache booti\n-0000a0a0: 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 ng, Next: OS-sp\n-0000a0b0: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 ecific notes, P\n-0000a0c0: 7265 763a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f rev: Loopback bo\n-0000a0d0: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 oting, Up: Boot\n-0000a0e0: 696e 670a 0a35 2e33 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 ing..5.3 Booting\n-0000a0f0: 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 from LVM cache \n-0000a100: 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a3d logical volume.=\n-0000a110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000090c0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2028 ---..Multiboot (\n+000090d0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 *note Multiboot \n+000090e0: 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 Specification: (\n+000090f0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 2920 multiboot)Top.) \n+00009100: 6973 2074 6865 206e 6174 6976 650a 666f is the native.fo\n+00009110: 726d 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 rmat supported b\n+00009120: 7920 4752 5542 2e20 466f 7220 7468 6520 y GRUB. For the \n+00009130: 7361 6b65 206f 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 sake of convenie\n+00009140: 6e63 652c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616c nce, there is al\n+00009150: 736f 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 204c so.support for L\n+00009160: 696e 7578 2c20 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e inux, FreeBSD, N\n+00009170: 6574 4253 4420 616e 6420 4f70 656e 4253 etBSD and OpenBS\n+00009180: 442e 2049 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 D. If you want t\n+00009190: 6f20 626f 6f74 0a6f 7468 6572 206f 7065 o boot.other ope\n+000091a0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 rating systems, \n+000091b0: 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 746f you will have to\n+000091c0: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d chain-load them\n+000091d0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f (*note.Chain-lo\n+000091e0: 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4649 ading::)... FI\n+000091f0: 584d 453a 2074 6869 7320 7365 6374 696f XME: this sectio\n+00009200: 6e20 6973 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 652e n is incomplete.\n+00009210: 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 756e 2074 6865 2063 .. 1. Run the c\n+00009220: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 ommand ...boot..\n+00009230: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 . (*note boot::)\n+00009240: 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2044 ... However, D\n+00009250: 4f53 2061 6e64 2057 696e 646f 7773 2068 OS and Windows h\n+00009260: 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2064 6566 6963 6965 ave some deficie\n+00009270: 6e63 6965 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d69 ncies, so you mi\n+00009280: 6768 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f0a 7573 6520 ght have to.use \n+00009290: 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6963 6174 6564 more complicated\n+000092a0: 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 instructions. \n+000092b0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 *Note DOS/Window\n+000092c0: 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e s::, for more.in\n+000092d0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 formation.....Fi\n+000092e0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000092f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 4e65 Node: Kexec, Ne\n+00009300: 7874 3a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e xt: Chain-loadin\n+00009310: 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 696e g, Prev: Loadin\n+00009320: 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 g an operating s\n+00009330: 7973 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 ystem directly, \n+00009340: 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f Up: General boo\n+00009350: 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e32 t methods..5.1.2\n+00009360: 204b 6578 6563 2077 6974 6820 6772 7562 Kexec with grub\n+00009370: 322d 656d 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2-emu.----------\n+00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00009390: 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 7275 ..GRUB can be ru\n+000093a0: 6e20 696e 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2062 n in userspace b\n+000093b0: 7920 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 2067 y invoking the g\n+000093c0: 7275 6232 2d65 6d75 2074 6f6f 6c2e 2020 rub2-emu tool. \n+000093d0: 4974 2077 696c 6c0a 7265 6164 2061 6c6c It will.read all\n+000093e0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 configuration s\n+000093f0: 6372 6970 7473 2061 7320 6966 2062 6f6f cripts as if boo\n+00009400: 7469 6e67 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 2873 ting directly (s\n+00009410: 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 ee *note Loading\n+00009420: 0a61 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 .an operating sy\n+00009430: 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a29 stem directly::)\n+00009440: 2e20 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d . With the ...-\n+00009450: 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 2c20 -kexec... flag, \n+00009460: 616e 6420 6b65 7865 6328 3829 0a73 7570 and kexec(8).sup\n+00009470: 706f 7274 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f70 port from the op\n+00009480: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 erating system, \n+00009490: 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 9920 the ...linux... \n+000094a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2064 6972 command will dir\n+000094b0: 6563 746c 790a 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2074 ectly.boot the t\n+000094c0: 6172 6765 7420 696d 6167 652e 2020 466f arget image. Fo\n+000094d0: 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 206c r systems that l\n+000094e0: 6163 6b20 776f 726b 696e 6720 7379 7374 ack working syst\n+000094f0: 656d 6374 6c28 3129 0a73 7570 706f 7274 emctl(1).support\n+00009500: 2066 6f72 206b 6578 6563 2c20 7061 7373 for kexec, pass\n+00009510: 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 ing the ...--kex\n+00009520: 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 2074 7769 6365 ec... flag twice\n+00009530: 2077 696c 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 will fallback t\n+00009540: 6f0a 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 206b 6578 6563 o.invoking kexec\n+00009550: 2838 2920 6469 7265 6374 6c79 3b20 6e6f (8) directly; no\n+00009560: 7465 2068 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6861 7420 te however that \n+00009570: 7468 6973 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 6d61 this fallback ma\n+00009580: 7920 6265 0a75 6e73 6166 6520 6f75 7473 y be.unsafe outs\n+00009590: 6964 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 656e ide read-only en\n+000095a0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 6173 2069 vironments, as i\n+000095b0: 7420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6e76 6f6b t does not invok\n+000095c0: 6520 7368 7574 646f 776e 0a6d 6163 6869 e shutdown.machi\n+000095d0: 6e65 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 nery.....File: g\n+000095e0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000095f0: 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2c20 Chain-loading, \n+00009600: 2050 7265 763a 204b 6578 6563 2c20 2055 Prev: Kexec, U\n+00009610: 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 p: General boot \n+00009620: 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e33 2043 methods..5.1.3 C\n+00009630: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 hain-loading an \n+00009640: 4f53 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d OS.-------------\n+00009650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4f70 ------------..Op\n+00009660: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 7320 erating systems \n+00009670: 7468 6174 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 7375 7070 that do not supp\n+00009680: 6f72 7420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 616e ort Multiboot an\n+00009690: 6420 646f 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7370 d do not have sp\n+000096a0: 6563 6966 6963 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2069 ecific.support i\n+000096b0: 6e20 4752 5542 2028 7370 6563 6966 6963 n GRUB (specific\n+000096c0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 support is avai\n+000096d0: 6c61 626c 6520 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 782c lable for Linux,\n+000096e0: 2046 7265 6542 5344 2c0a 4e65 7442 5344 FreeBSD,.NetBSD\n+000096f0: 2061 6e64 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2920 6d75 and OpenBSD) mu\n+00009700: 7374 2062 6520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 st be chain-load\n+00009710: 6564 2c20 7768 6963 6820 696e 766f 6c76 ed, which involv\n+00009720: 6573 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 es loading anoth\n+00009730: 6572 0a62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 er.boot loader a\n+00009740: 6e64 206a 756d 7069 6e67 2074 6f20 6974 nd jumping to it\n+00009750: 2069 6e20 7265 616c 206d 6f64 6520 6f72 in real mode or\n+00009760: 2076 6961 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 via the firmwar\n+00009770: 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6368 e... The ...ch\n+00009780: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d ainloader... com\n+00009790: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6169 mand (*note chai\n+000097a0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a 3a29 2069 7320 7573 nloader::) is us\n+000097b0: 6564 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6973 0a75 ed to set this.u\n+000097c0: 702e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c p. It is normal\n+000097d0: 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6365 7373 6172 ly also necessar\n+000097e0: 7920 746f 206c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 2047 y to load some G\n+000097f0: 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 616e 6420 RUB modules and \n+00009800: 7365 7420 7468 650a 6170 7072 6f70 7269 set the.appropri\n+00009810: 6174 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 652e ate root device.\n+00009820: 2020 5075 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2074 Putting this t\n+00009830: 6f67 6574 6865 722c 2077 6520 6765 7420 ogether, we get \n+00009840: 736f 6d65 7468 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 0a74 something like.t\n+00009850: 6869 732c 2066 6f72 2061 2057 696e 646f his, for a Windo\n+00009860: 7773 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6f6e 2074 6865 ws system on the\n+00009870: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first partition\n+00009880: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 of the first ha\n+00009890: 7264 0a64 6973 6b3a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 656e rd.disk:..menuen\n+000098a0: 7472 7920 2257 696e 646f 7773 2220 7b0a try \"Windows\" {.\n+000098b0: 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6368 6169 6e0a 0969 .insmod chain..i\n+000098c0: 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a09 7365 7420 nsmod ntfs..set \n+000098d0: 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a09 6368 root=(hd0,1)..ch\n+000098e0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a7d 0a0a ainloader +1.}..\n+000098f0: 2020 204f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 On systems wi\n+00009900: 7468 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6861 7264 th multiple hard\n+00009910: 2064 6973 6b73 2c20 616e 2061 6464 6974 disks, an addit\n+00009920: 696f 6e61 6c20 776f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 ional workaround\n+00009930: 206d 6179 2062 650a 7265 7175 6972 6564 may be.required\n+00009940: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2044 4f53 2f57 696e . *Note DOS/Win\n+00009950: 646f 7773 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6169 dows::... Chai\n+00009960: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6973 206f 6e6c n-loading is onl\n+00009970: 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2050 y supported on P\n+00009980: 4320 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 2070 C BIOS and EFI p\n+00009990: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c latforms.....Fil\n+000099a0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000099b0: 6f64 653a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f ode: Loopback bo\n+000099c0: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4c56 oting, Next: LV\n+000099d0: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672c M cache booting,\n+000099e0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 Prev: General \n+000099f0: 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 2055 boot methods, U\n+00009a00: 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3220 p: Booting..5.2 \n+00009a10: 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 Loopback booting\n+00009a20: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00009a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6973 2061 =====..GRUB is a\n+00009a40: 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d ble to read from\n+00009a50: 2061 6e20 696d 6167 6520 2862 6520 6974 an image (be it\n+00009a60: 206f 6e65 206f 6620 4344 206f 7220 4844 one of CD or HD\n+00009a70: 4429 2073 746f 7265 6420 6f6e 0a61 6e79 D) stored on.any\n+00009a80: 206f 6620 6974 7320 6163 6365 7373 6962 of its accessib\n+00009a90: 6c65 2073 746f 7261 6765 7320 2872 6566 le storages (ref\n+00009aa0: 6572 2074 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6f70 er to *note loop\n+00009ab0: 6261 636b 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 292e back:: command).\n+00009ac0: 0a48 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6865 204f 5320 .However the OS \n+00009ad0: 6974 7365 6c66 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 itself should be\n+00009ae0: 2061 626c 6520 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 able to find it\n+00009af0: 7320 726f 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7573 s root. This us\n+00009b00: 7561 6c6c 790a 696e 766f 6c76 6573 2072 ually.involves r\n+00009b10: 756e 6e69 6e67 2061 2075 7365 7273 7061 unning a userspa\n+00009b20: 6365 2070 726f 6772 616d 2072 756e 6e69 ce program runni\n+00009b30: 6e67 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7265 ng before the re\n+00009b40: 616c 2072 6f6f 7420 6973 0a64 6973 636f al root is.disco\n+00009b50: 7665 7265 642e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 vered. This is \n+00009b60: 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 achieved by GRUB\n+00009b70: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2073 7065 6369 loading a speci\n+00009b80: 616c 6c79 206d 6164 6520 736d 616c 6c0a ally made small.\n+00009b90: 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 7061 7373 696e image and passin\n+00009ba0: 6720 6974 2061 7320 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 g it as ramdisk \n+00009bb0: 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 to the kernel. \n+00009bc0: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 This is achieved\n+00009bd0: 2062 790a 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 by.commands ...\n+00009be0: 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 kfreebsd_module.\n+00009bf0: 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d .., ...knetbsd_m\n+00009c00: 6f64 756c 655f 656c 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 odule_elf..., ..\n+00009c10: 986b 6f70 656e 6273 645f 7261 6d64 6973 .kopenbsd_ramdis\n+00009c20: 6be2 8099 2c0a e280 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 k...,....initrd.\n+00009c30: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 .. (*note initrd\n+00009c40: 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 ::), ...initrd16\n+00009c50: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 ... (*note initr\n+00009c60: 6431 363a 3a29 2c0a e280 986d 756c 7469 d16::),....multi\n+00009c70: 626f 6f74 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 boot_module..., \n+00009c80: e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 325f 6d6f ...multiboot2_mo\n+00009c90: 6475 6c65 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 786e dule... or ...xn\n+00009ca0: 755f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2064 6570 u_ramdisk... dep\n+00009cb0: 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e0a 7468 6520 6c6f ending on.the lo\n+00009cc0: 6164 6572 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 ader. Note that\n+00009cd0: 2066 6f72 206b 6e65 7462 7364 2074 6865 for knetbsd the\n+00009ce0: 2069 6d61 6765 206d 7573 7420 6265 2070 image must be p\n+00009cf0: 7574 2069 6e73 6964 650a 6d69 6e69 726f ut inside.miniro\n+00009d00: 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 ot.kmod and the \n+00009d10: 7768 6f6c 6520 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b whole miniroot.k\n+00009d20: 6d6f 6420 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6c6f mod has to be lo\n+00009d30: 6164 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 6b6f 7065 6e62 aded. In kopenb\n+00009d40: 7364 0a70 6179 6c6f 6164 2074 6869 7320 sd.payload this \n+00009d50: 6973 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 is disabled by d\n+00009d60: 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f efault. Additio\n+00009d70: 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 nally, behaviour\n+00009d80: 206f 6620 696e 6974 6961 6c0a 7261 6d64 of initial.ramd\n+00009d90: 6973 6b20 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2063 isk depends on c\n+00009da0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 ommand line opti\n+00009db0: 6f6e 732e 2020 5365 7665 7261 6c20 6469 ons. Several di\n+00009dc0: 7374 7269 6275 746f 7273 2070 726f 7669 stributors provi\n+00009dd0: 6465 0a74 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 de.the image for\n+00009de0: 2074 6869 7320 7075 7270 6f73 6520 6f72 this purpose or\n+00009df0: 2069 7427 7320 696e 7465 6772 6174 6564 it's integrated\n+00009e00: 2069 6e20 7468 6569 7220 7374 616e 6461 in their standa\n+00009e10: 7264 2072 616d 6469 736b 0a61 6e64 2061 rd ramdisk.and a\n+00009e20: 6374 6976 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6563 ctivated by spec\n+00009e30: 6961 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2043 6f6e ial option. Con\n+00009e40: 7375 6c74 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c sult your kernel\n+00009e50: 2061 6e64 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f and distributio\n+00009e60: 6e0a 6d61 6e75 616c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 n.manual for mor\n+00009e70: 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e 2020 4f74 6865 e details. Othe\n+00009e80: 7220 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6c69 6b65 20e2 r loaders like .\n+00009e90: 8098 6170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 ..appleloader...\n+00009ea0: 2c0a e280 9863 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 ,....chainloader\n+00009eb0: e280 9920 2842 494f 532c 2045 4649 2c20 ... (BIOS, EFI, \n+00009ec0: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 292c 20e2 8098 6672 coreboot), ...fr\n+00009ed0: 6565 646f 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 986e 746c eedos..., ...ntl\n+00009ee0: 6472 e280 992c 20e2 8098 706c 616e 39e2 dr..., ...plan9.\n+00009ef0: 8099 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 7472 7565 6372 .. and....truecr\n+00009f00: 7970 74e2 8099 2070 726f 7669 6465 206e ypt... provide n\n+00009f10: 6f20 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 o possibility of\n+00009f20: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 6e69 7469 616c loading initial\n+00009f30: 2072 616d 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2061 7320 ramdisk and as \n+00009f40: 6661 720a 6173 2061 7574 686f 7220 6973 far.as author is\n+00009f50: 2061 7761 7265 2074 6865 2070 6179 6c6f aware the paylo\n+00009f60: 6164 7320 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 ads in question \n+00009f70: 646f 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6569 don't support ei\n+00009f80: 7468 6572 2069 6e69 7469 616c 0a72 616d ther initial.ram\n+00009f90: 6469 736b 206f 7220 6469 7363 6f76 6572 disk or discover\n+00009fa0: 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f ing loopback boo\n+00009fb0: 7420 696e 206f 7468 6572 2077 6179 2061 t in other way a\n+00009fc0: 6e64 2061 7320 7375 6368 206e 6f74 0a62 nd as such not.b\n+00009fd0: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 7468 6973 2077 6179 ootable this way\n+00009fe0: 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 6520 636f 6e73 6964 . Please consid\n+00009ff0: 6572 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2062 er alternative b\n+0000a000: 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 oot methods like\n+0000a010: 0a63 6f70 7969 6e67 2061 6c6c 2066 696c .copying all fil\n+0000a020: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 696d 6167 es from the imag\n+0000a030: 6520 746f 2061 6374 7561 6c20 7061 7274 e to actual part\n+0000a040: 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 ition. Consult \n+0000a050: 796f 7572 204f 530a 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 your OS.document\n+0000a060: 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 ation for more d\n+0000a070: 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a etails.....File:\n+0000a080: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0000a090: 653a 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f e: LVM cache boo\n+0000a0a0: 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d ting, Next: OS-\n+0000a0b0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 specific notes, \n+0000a0c0: 2050 7265 763a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 Prev: Loopback \n+0000a0d0: 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f booting, Up: Bo\n+0000a0e0: 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e33 2042 6f6f 7469 oting..5.3 Booti\n+0000a0f0: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 ng from LVM cach\n+0000a100: 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 e logical volume\n+0000a110: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n 0000a120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4c56 ========..The LV\n-0000a140: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 M cache logical \n-0000a150: 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c6f volume is the lo\n-0000a160: 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 6f6e gical volume con\n-0000a170: 7369 7374 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 0a6f sisting of the.o\n-0000a180: 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 riginal and the \n-0000a190: 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 206c 6f67 6963 cache pool logic\n-0000a1a0: 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 5468 6520 al volume. The \n-0000a1b0: 6f72 6967 696e 616c 2069 7320 7573 7561 original is usua\n-0000a1c0: 6c6c 7920 6f6e 0a61 206c 6172 6765 7220 lly on.a larger \n-0000a1d0: 616e 6420 736c 6f77 6572 2073 746f 7261 and slower stora\n-0000a1e0: 6765 2064 6576 6963 6520 7768 696c 6520 ge device while \n-0000a1f0: 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2069 the cache pool i\n-0000a200: 7320 6f6e 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 6572 0a61 s on a smaller.a\n-0000a210: 6e64 2066 6173 7465 7220 6f6e 652e 2020 nd faster one. \n-0000a220: 5468 6520 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 The performance \n-0000a230: 6f66 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 of the original \n-0000a240: 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 616e 2062 6520 696d volume can be im\n-0000a250: 7072 6f76 6564 0a62 7920 7374 6f72 696e proved.by storin\n-0000a260: 6720 7468 6520 6672 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 g the frequently\n-0000a270: 2075 7365 6420 6461 7461 206f 6e20 7468 used data on th\n-0000a280: 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2074 6f20 e cache pool to \n-0000a290: 7574 696c 697a 6520 7468 650a 6772 6561 utilize the.grea\n-0000a2a0: 7465 7220 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 ter performance \n-0000a2b0: 6f66 2066 6173 7465 7220 6465 7669 6365 of faster device\n-0000a2c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 ... GRUB boots\n-0000a2d0: 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 from LVM cache \n-0000a2e0: 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 206d logical volume m\n-0000a2f0: 6572 656c 7920 6279 2072 6561 6469 6e67 erely by reading\n-0000a300: 2069 7427 730a 6f72 6967 696e 616c 206c it's.original l\n-0000a310: 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 736f ogical volume so\n-0000a320: 2074 6861 7420 6469 7274 7920 6461 7461 that dirty data\n-0000a330: 2069 6e20 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2076 in cache pool v\n-0000a340: 6f6c 756d 6520 6973 0a64 6973 7265 6761 olume is.disrega\n-0000a350: 7264 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e rded. This is n\n-0000a360: 6f74 2061 2070 726f 626c 656d 2066 6f72 ot a problem for\n-0000a370: 2022 7772 6974 6574 6872 6f75 6768 2220 \"writethrough\" \n-0000a380: 6361 6368 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 6974 cache mode as it\n-0000a390: 0a65 6e73 7572 6573 2074 6861 7420 616e .ensures that an\n-0000a3a0: 7920 6461 7461 2077 7269 7474 656e 2077 y data written w\n-0000a3b0: 696c 6c20 6265 2073 746f 7265 6420 626f ill be stored bo\n-0000a3c0: 7468 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 th on the cache \n-0000a3d0: 616e 6420 7468 650a 6f72 6967 696e 204c and the.origin L\n-0000a3e0: 562e 2046 6f72 2074 6865 206f 7468 6572 V. For the other\n-0000a3f0: 2063 6163 6865 206d 6f64 6520 2277 7269 cache mode \"wri\n-0000a400: 7465 6261 636b 222c 2077 6869 6368 2064 teback\", which d\n-0000a410: 656c 6179 7320 7772 6974 696e 670a 6672 elays writing.fr\n-0000a420: 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2070 6f6f om the cache poo\n-0000a430: 6c20 6261 636b 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6f72 l back to the or\n-0000a440: 6967 696e 204c 5620 746f 2062 6f6f 7374 igin LV to boost\n-0000a450: 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 2c20 4752 performance, GR\n-0000a460: 5542 206d 6179 0a66 6169 6c20 746f 2062 UB may.fail to b\n-0000a470: 6f6f 7420 696e 2074 6865 2077 616b 6520 oot in the wake \n-0000a480: 6f66 2061 6363 6964 656e 7461 6c20 706f of accidental po\n-0000a490: 7765 7220 6f75 7461 6765 2064 7565 2074 wer outage due t\n-0000a4a0: 6f20 6974 2773 0a69 6e61 6269 6c69 7479 o it's.inability\n-0000a4b0: 2074 6f20 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 2074 6865 to assemble the\n-0000a4c0: 2063 6163 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 666f cache device fo\n-0000a4d0: 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 7468 6520 7265 r reading the re\n-0000a4e0: 7175 6972 6564 2064 6972 7479 0a64 6174 quired dirty.dat\n-0000a4f0: 6120 6c65 6674 2062 6568 696e 642e 2020 a left behind. \n-0000a500: 5468 6520 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e20 7769 The situation wi\n-0000a510: 6c6c 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2061 ll be improved a\n-0000a520: 6674 6572 2061 6464 696e 6720 6675 6c6c fter adding full\n-0000a530: 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 .support to the \n-0000a540: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 LVM cache logica\n-0000a550: 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 l volume in the \n-0000a560: 6675 7475 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a future.....File:\n-0000a570: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0000a580: 653a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e e: OS-specific n\n-0000a590: 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 564d otes, Prev: LVM\n-0000a5a0: 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 cache booting, \n-0000a5b0: 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e Up: Booting..5.\n-0000a5c0: 3420 536f 6d65 2063 6176 6561 7473 206f 4 Some caveats o\n-0000a5d0: 6e20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6973 n OS-specific is\n-0000a5e0: 7375 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d sues.===========\n+0000a130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+0000a140: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 LVM cache logica\n+0000a150: 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 7320 7468 6520 l volume is the \n+0000a160: 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 logical volume c\n+0000a170: 6f6e 7369 7374 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 onsisting of the\n+0000a180: 0a6f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 7468 .original and th\n+0000a190: 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 206c 6f67 e cache pool log\n+0000a1a0: 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 5468 ical volume. Th\n+0000a1b0: 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c 2069 7320 7573 e original is us\n+0000a1c0: 7561 6c6c 7920 6f6e 0a61 206c 6172 6765 ually on.a large\n+0000a1d0: 7220 616e 6420 736c 6f77 6572 2073 746f r and slower sto\n+0000a1e0: 7261 6765 2064 6576 6963 6520 7768 696c rage device whil\n+0000a1f0: 6520 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c e the cache pool\n+0000a200: 2069 7320 6f6e 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 6572 is on a smaller\n+0000a210: 0a61 6e64 2066 6173 7465 7220 6f6e 652e .and faster one.\n+0000a220: 2020 5468 6520 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 The performanc\n+0000a230: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 e of the origina\n+0000a240: 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 616e 2062 6520 l volume can be \n+0000a250: 696d 7072 6f76 6564 0a62 7920 7374 6f72 improved.by stor\n+0000a260: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6672 6571 7565 6e74 ing the frequent\n+0000a270: 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6461 7461 206f 6e20 ly used data on \n+0000a280: 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2074 the cache pool t\n+0000a290: 6f20 7574 696c 697a 6520 7468 650a 6772 o utilize the.gr\n+0000a2a0: 6561 7465 7220 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 eater performanc\n+0000a2b0: 6520 6f66 2066 6173 7465 7220 6465 7669 e of faster devi\n+0000a2c0: 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2062 6f6f ce... GRUB boo\n+0000a2d0: 7473 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 ts from LVM cach\n+0000a2e0: 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 e logical volume\n+0000a2f0: 206d 6572 656c 7920 6279 2072 6561 6469 merely by readi\n+0000a300: 6e67 2069 7427 730a 6f72 6967 696e 616c ng it's.original\n+0000a310: 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 logical volume \n+0000a320: 736f 2074 6861 7420 6469 7274 7920 6461 so that dirty da\n+0000a330: 7461 2069 6e20 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c ta in cache pool\n+0000a340: 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 6973 0a64 6973 7265 volume is.disre\n+0000a350: 6761 7264 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 garded. This is\n+0000a360: 206e 6f74 2061 2070 726f 626c 656d 2066 not a problem f\n+0000a370: 6f72 2022 7772 6974 6574 6872 6f75 6768 or \"writethrough\n+0000a380: 2220 6361 6368 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 \" cache mode as \n+0000a390: 6974 0a65 6e73 7572 6573 2074 6861 7420 it.ensures that \n+0000a3a0: 616e 7920 6461 7461 2077 7269 7474 656e any data written\n+0000a3b0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 746f 7265 6420 will be stored \n+0000a3c0: 626f 7468 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 both on the cach\n+0000a3d0: 6520 616e 6420 7468 650a 6f72 6967 696e e and the.origin\n+0000a3e0: 204c 562e 2046 6f72 2074 6865 206f 7468 LV. For the oth\n+0000a3f0: 6572 2063 6163 6865 206d 6f64 6520 2277 er cache mode \"w\n+0000a400: 7269 7465 6261 636b 222c 2077 6869 6368 riteback\", which\n+0000a410: 2064 656c 6179 7320 7772 6974 696e 670a delays writing.\n+0000a420: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2070 from the cache p\n+0000a430: 6f6f 6c20 6261 636b 2074 6f20 7468 6520 ool back to the \n+0000a440: 6f72 6967 696e 204c 5620 746f 2062 6f6f origin LV to boo\n+0000a450: 7374 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 2c20 st performance, \n+0000a460: 4752 5542 206d 6179 0a66 6169 6c20 746f GRUB may.fail to\n+0000a470: 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 2074 6865 2077 616b boot in the wak\n+0000a480: 6520 6f66 2061 6363 6964 656e 7461 6c20 e of accidental \n+0000a490: 706f 7765 7220 6f75 7461 6765 2064 7565 power outage due\n+0000a4a0: 2074 6f20 6974 2773 0a69 6e61 6269 6c69 to it's.inabili\n+0000a4b0: 7479 2074 6f20 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 2074 ty to assemble t\n+0000a4c0: 6865 2063 6163 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 he cache device \n+0000a4d0: 666f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 7468 6520 for reading the \n+0000a4e0: 7265 7175 6972 6564 2064 6972 7479 0a64 required dirty.d\n+0000a4f0: 6174 6120 6c65 6674 2062 6568 696e 642e ata left behind.\n+0000a500: 2020 5468 6520 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e20 The situation \n+0000a510: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 will be improved\n+0000a520: 2061 6674 6572 2061 6464 696e 6720 6675 after adding fu\n+0000a530: 6c6c 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 ll.support to th\n+0000a540: 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 e LVM cache logi\n+0000a550: 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 6e20 7468 cal volume in th\n+0000a560: 6520 6675 7475 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c e future.....Fil\n+0000a570: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0000a580: 6f64 653a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 ode: OS-specific\n+0000a590: 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c notes, Prev: L\n+0000a5a0: 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 VM cache booting\n+0000a5b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a , Up: Booting..\n+0000a5c0: 352e 3420 536f 6d65 2063 6176 6561 7473 5.4 Some caveats\n+0000a5d0: 206f 6e20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 on OS-specific \n+0000a5e0: 6973 7375 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d issues.=========\n 0000a5f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a48 6572 ===========..Her\n-0000a610: 652c 2077 6520 6465 7363 7269 6265 2073 e, we describe s\n-0000a620: 6f6d 6520 6361 7665 6174 7320 6f6e 2073 ome caveats on s\n-0000a630: 6576 6572 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 everal operating\n-0000a640: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e systems...* Men\n-0000a650: 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e 552f 4875 7264 3a3a u:..* GNU/Hurd::\n-0000a660: 0a2a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 0a2a .* GNU/Linux::.*\n-0000a670: 204e 6574 4253 443a 3a0a 2a20 444f 532f NetBSD::.* DOS/\n-0000a680: 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c Windows::....Fil\n-0000a690: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0000a6a0: 6f64 653a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 ode: GNU/Hurd, \n-0000a6b0: 4e65 7874 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c Next: GNU/Linux,\n-0000a6c0: 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 Up: OS-specifi\n-0000a6d0: 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e31 2047 c notes..5.4.1 G\n-0000a6e0: 4e55 2f48 7572 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d NU/Hurd.--------\n-0000a6f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5369 6e63 6520 474e ------..Since GN\n-0000a700: 552f 4875 7264 2069 7320 4d75 6c74 6962 U/Hurd is Multib\n-0000a710: 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 742c 2069 oot-compliant, i\n-0000a720: 7420 6973 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f t is easy to boo\n-0000a730: 7420 6974 3b20 7468 6572 6520 6973 0a6e t it; there is.n\n-0000a740: 6f74 6869 6e67 2073 7065 6369 616c 2061 othing special a\n-0000a750: 626f 7574 2069 742e 2020 4275 7420 646f bout it. But do\n-0000a760: 206e 6f74 2066 6f72 6765 7420 7468 6174 not forget that\n-0000a770: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f 2073 7065 you have to spe\n-0000a780: 6369 6679 2061 0a72 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 cify a.root part\n-0000a790: 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 ition to the ker\n-0000a7a0: 6e65 6c2e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 nel... 1. Set G\n-0000a7b0: 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 RUB's root devic\n-0000a7c0: 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 e to the same dr\n-0000a7d0: 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6427 ive as GNU/Hurd'\n-0000a7e0: 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d s. The. com\n-0000a7f0: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 202d mand ...search -\n-0000a800: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6669 6c65 -set=root --file\n-0000a810: 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 /boot/gnumach.g\n-0000a820: 7ae2 8099 206f 7220 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 z... or similar \n-0000a830: 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2068 656c 7020 796f may. help yo\n-0000a840: 7520 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 683a u (*note search:\n-0000a850: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2032 2e20 4c6f 6164 2074 :)... 2. Load t\n-0000a860: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 7468 he kernel and th\n-0000a870: 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 206c 696b 6520 e modules, like \n-0000a880: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n-0000a890: 2067 7275 623e 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 grub> multiboot\n-0000a8a0: 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 /boot/gnumach.g\n-0000a8b0: 7a20 726f 6f74 3d64 6576 6963 653a 6864 z root=device:hd\n-0000a8c0: 3073 310a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 0s1. gr\n-0000a8d0: 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2020 2f68 7572 ub> module /hur\n-0000a8e0: 642f 6578 7432 6673 2e73 7461 7469 6320 d/ext2fs.static \n-0000a8f0: 6578 7432 6673 202d 2d72 6561 646f 6e6c ext2fs --readonl\n-0000a900: 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y \\. \n+0000a600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a48 =============..H\n+0000a610: 6572 652c 2077 6520 6465 7363 7269 6265 ere, we describe\n+0000a620: 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7665 6174 7320 6f6e some caveats on\n+0000a630: 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 several operati\n+0000a640: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a2a 204d ng systems...* M\n+0000a650: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e 552f 4875 7264 enu:..* GNU/Hurd\n+0000a660: 3a3a 0a2a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a ::.* GNU/Linux::\n+0000a670: 0a2a 204e 6574 4253 443a 3a0a 2a20 444f .* NetBSD::.* DO\n+0000a680: 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 S/Windows::....F\n+0000a690: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0000a6a0: 204e 6f64 653a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c Node: GNU/Hurd,\n+0000a6b0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 Next: GNU/Linu\n+0000a6c0: 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 x, Up: OS-speci\n+0000a6d0: 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e31 fic notes..5.4.1\n+0000a6e0: 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d GNU/Hurd.------\n+0000a6f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5369 6e63 6520 --------..Since \n+0000a700: 474e 552f 4875 7264 2069 7320 4d75 6c74 GNU/Hurd is Mult\n+0000a710: 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 742c iboot-compliant,\n+0000a720: 2069 7420 6973 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 it is easy to b\n+0000a730: 6f6f 7420 6974 3b20 7468 6572 6520 6973 oot it; there is\n+0000a740: 0a6e 6f74 6869 6e67 2073 7065 6369 616c .nothing special\n+0000a750: 2061 626f 7574 2069 742e 2020 4275 7420 about it. But \n+0000a760: 646f 206e 6f74 2066 6f72 6765 7420 7468 do not forget th\n+0000a770: 6174 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f 2073 at you have to s\n+0000a780: 7065 6369 6679 2061 0a72 6f6f 7420 7061 pecify a.root pa\n+0000a790: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 206b rtition to the k\n+0000a7a0: 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 ernel... 1. Set\n+0000a7b0: 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 GRUB's root dev\n+0000a7c0: 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 ice to the same \n+0000a7d0: 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 drive as GNU/Hur\n+0000a7e0: 6427 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2063 d's. The. c\n+0000a7f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 ommand ...search\n+0000a800: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6669 --set=root --fi\n+0000a810: 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 le /boot/gnumach\n+0000a820: 2e67 7ae2 8099 206f 7220 7369 6d69 6c61 .gz... or simila\n+0000a830: 7220 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2068 656c 7020 r may. help \n+0000a840: 796f 7520 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 you (*note searc\n+0000a850: 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2032 2e20 4c6f 6164 h::)... 2. Load\n+0000a860: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 the kernel and \n+0000a870: 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 206c 696b the modules, lik\n+0000a880: 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e this:.. \n+0000a890: 2020 2067 7275 623e 206d 756c 7469 626f grub> multibo\n+0000a8a0: 6f74 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 ot /boot/gnumach\n+0000a8b0: 2e67 7a20 726f 6f74 3d64 6576 6963 653a .gz root=device:\n+0000a8c0: 6864 3073 310a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hd0s1. \n+0000a8d0: 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2020 2f68 grub> module /h\n+0000a8e0: 7572 642f 6578 7432 6673 2e73 7461 7469 urd/ext2fs.stati\n+0000a8f0: 6320 6578 7432 6673 202d 2d72 6561 646f c ext2fs --reado\n+0000a900: 6e6c 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nly \\. \n 0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a920: 202d 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d --multiboot-com\n-0000a930: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 653d 2724 7b6b 6572 mand-line='${ker\n-0000a940: 6e65 6c2d 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 nel-command-line\n-0000a950: 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 }' \\. \n+0000a920: 2020 202d 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 --multiboot-c\n+0000a930: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 653d 2724 7b6b ommand-line='${k\n+0000a940: 6572 6e65 6c2d 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 ernel-command-li\n+0000a950: 6e65 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ne}' \\. \n 0000a960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a970: 2020 2d2d 686f 7374 2d70 7269 762d 706f --host-priv-po\n-0000a980: 7274 3d27 247b 686f 7374 2d70 6f72 747d rt='${host-port}\n-0000a990: 2720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ' \\. \n+0000a970: 2020 2020 2d2d 686f 7374 2d70 7269 762d --host-priv-\n+0000a980: 706f 7274 3d27 247b 686f 7374 2d70 6f72 port='${host-por\n+0000a990: 747d 2720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t}' \\. \n 0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9b0: 202d 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 7374 6572 --device-master\n-0000a9c0: 2d70 6f72 743d 2724 7b64 6576 6963 652d -port='${device-\n-0000a9d0: 706f 7274 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 port}' \\. \n+0000a9b0: 2020 202d 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 7374 --device-mast\n+0000a9c0: 6572 2d70 6f72 743d 2724 7b64 6576 6963 er-port='${devic\n+0000a9d0: 652d 706f 7274 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 e-port}' \\. \n 0000a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6578 6563 2d73 6572 --exec-ser\n-0000aa00: 7665 722d 7461 736b 3d27 247b 6578 6563 ver-task='${exec\n-0000aa10: 2d74 6173 6b7d 2720 2d54 2074 7970 6564 -task}' -T typed\n-0000aa20: 2027 247b 726f 6f74 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 '${root}' \\. \n+0000a9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6578 6563 2d73 --exec-s\n+0000aa00: 6572 7665 722d 7461 736b 3d27 247b 6578 erver-task='${ex\n+0000aa10: 6563 2d74 6173 6b7d 2720 2d54 2074 7970 ec-task}' -T typ\n+0000aa20: 6564 2027 247b 726f 6f74 7d27 205c 0a20 ed '${root}' \\. \n 0000aa30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2724 2874 6173 '$(tas\n-0000aa50: 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 2027 2428 7461 k-create)' '$(ta\n-0000aa60: 736b 2d72 6573 756d 6529 270a 2020 2020 sk-resume)'. \n-0000aa70: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 grub> modu\n-0000aa80: 6c65 202f 6c69 622f 6c64 2e73 6f2e 3120 le /lib/ld.so.1 \n-0000aa90: 6578 6563 202f 6875 7264 2f65 7865 6320 exec /hurd/exec \n-0000aaa0: 2724 2865 7865 632d 7461 736b 3d74 6173 '$(exec-task=tas\n-0000aab0: 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 0a0a 2020 332e k-create)'.. 3.\n-0000aac0: 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 Finally, run th\n-0000aad0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f e command ...boo\n-0000aae0: 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 t... (*note boot\n-0000aaf0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-0000ab00: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0000ab10: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 GNU/Linux, Next\n-0000ab20: 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2050 7265 763a : NetBSD, Prev:\n-0000ab30: 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 5570 3a20 GNU/Hurd, Up: \n-0000ab40: 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 OS-specific note\n-0000ab50: 730a 0a35 2e34 2e32 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e s..5.4.2 GNU/Lin\n-0000ab60: 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ux.-------------\n-0000ab70: 2d2d 0a0a 4974 2069 7320 7265 6c61 7469 --..It is relati\n-0000ab80: 7665 6c79 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f vely easy to boo\n-0000ab90: 7420 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6672 6f6d t GNU/Linux from\n-0000aba0: 2047 5255 422c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 GRUB, because i\n-0000abb0: 7420 736f 6d65 7768 6174 0a72 6573 656d t somewhat.resem\n-0000abc0: 626c 6573 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2061 204d bles to boot a M\n-0000abd0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 ultiboot-complia\n-0000abe0: 6e74 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 nt OS... 1. Set\n-0000abf0: 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 GRUB's root dev\n-0000ac00: 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 ice to the same \n-0000ac10: 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e drive as GNU/Lin\n-0000ac20: 7578 2773 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ux's. The. \n-0000ac30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 command ...searc\n-0000ac40: 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d66 h --set=root --f\n-0000ac50: 696c 6520 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a e280 9920 ile /vmlinuz... \n-0000ac60: 6f72 2073 696d 696c 6172 206d 6179 2068 or similar may h\n-0000ac70: 656c 7020 796f 750a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e elp you. (*n\n-0000ac80: 6f74 6520 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a ote search::)...\n-0000ac90: 2020 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 2. Load the ke\n-0000aca0: 726e 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 rnel using the c\n-0000acb0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 ommand ...linux.\n-0000acc0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a .. (*note linux:\n-0000acd0: 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 :):.. g\n-0000ace0: 7275 623e 206c 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 rub> linux /vmli\n-0000acf0: 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f 7364 nuz root=/dev/sd\n-0000ad00: 6131 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 a1.. If you \n-0000ad10: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 need to specify \n-0000ad20: 736f 6d65 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7061 7261 some kernel para\n-0000ad30: 6d65 7465 7273 2c20 6a75 7374 2061 7070 meters, just app\n-0000ad40: 656e 6420 7468 656d 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 end them to. \n-0000ad50: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 the command. F\n-0000ad60: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f 2073 or example, to s\n-0000ad70: 6574 20e2 8098 6163 7069 e280 9920 746f et ...acpi... to\n-0000ad80: 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 2c20 646f 2074 ...off..., do t\n-0000ad90: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 his:.. \n-0000ada0: 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c grub> linux /vml\n-0000adb0: 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 inuz root=/dev/s\n-0000adc0: 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 da1 acpi=off.. \n-0000add0: 2020 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d See the docum\n-0000ade0: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 entation in the \n-0000adf0: 4c69 6e75 7820 736f 7572 6365 2074 7265 Linux source tre\n-0000ae00: 6520 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 0a20 e for complete. \n-0000ae10: 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 information \n-0000ae20: 6f6e 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 on the available\n-0000ae30: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 options... \n-0000ae40: 5769 7468 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 With ...linux...\n-0000ae50: 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2033 322d 6269 GRUB uses 32-bi\n-0000ae60: 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2053 6f6d t protocol. Som\n-0000ae70: 6520 4249 4f53 2073 6572 7669 6365 7320 e BIOS services \n-0000ae80: 6c69 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 4150 4d20 6f72 like. APM or\n-0000ae90: 2045 4444 2061 7265 6e27 7420 6176 6169 EDD aren't avai\n-0000aea0: 6c61 626c 6520 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 lable with this \n-0000aeb0: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 protocol. In th\n-0000aec0: 6973 2063 6173 6520 796f 750a 2020 2020 is case you. \n-0000aed0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 need to use ...\n-0000aee0: 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2020 linux16..... \n-0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 grub> linu\n-0000af00: 7831 3620 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f x16 /vmlinuz roo\n-0000af10: 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 t=/dev/sda1 acpi\n-0000af20: 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f =off.. 3. If yo\n-0000af30: 7520 7573 6520 616e 2069 6e69 7472 642c u use an initrd,\n-0000af40: 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 2063 6f6d execute the com\n-0000af50: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 e280 mand ...initrd..\n-0000af60: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a . (*note initrd:\n-0000af70: 3a29 0a20 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 e280 :). after ..\n-0000af80: 986c 696e 7578 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 .linux...:.. \n-0000af90: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 grub> init\n-0000afa0: 7264 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 2020 rd /initrd.. \n-0000afb0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 6564 20e2 8098 If you used ...\n-0000afc0: 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 2079 6f75 206e linux16... you n\n-0000afd0: 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 696e eed to use ...in\n-0000afe0: 6974 7264 3136 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 itrd16...:.. \n-0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 grub> init\n-0000b000: 7264 3136 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 rd16 /initrd.. \n-0000b010: 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 4. Finally, run \n-0000b020: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 the command ...b\n-0000b030: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f oot... (*note bo\n-0000b040: 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ot::).....File: \n-0000b050: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0000b060: 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 204e 6578 743a : NetBSD, Next:\n-0000b070: 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 2c20 2050 DOS/Windows, P\n-0000b080: 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 rev: GNU/Linux, \n-0000b090: 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 Up: OS-specific\n-0000b0a0: 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3320 4e65 notes..5.4.3 Ne\n-0000b0b0: 7442 5344 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tBSD.-----------\n-0000b0c0: 2d0a 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 204e 6574 -..Booting a Net\n-0000b0d0: 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2066 726f 6d20 BSD kernel from \n-0000b0e0: 4752 5542 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 656c GRUB is also rel\n-0000b0f0: 6174 6976 656c 7920 6561 7379 3a20 6669 atively easy: fi\n-0000b100: 7273 7420 7365 740a 4752 5542 2773 2072 rst set.GRUB's r\n-0000b110: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2c20 7468 656e oot device, then\n-0000b120: 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c load the kernel\n-0000b130: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 and the modules\n-0000b140: 2c20 616e 6420 6669 6e61 6c6c 790a 7275 , and finally.ru\n-0000b150: 6e20 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 n ...boot...... \n-0000b160: 2031 2e20 5365 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 1. Set GRUB's r\n-0000b170: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 7468 oot device to th\n-0000b180: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 686f 6c64 e partition hold\n-0000b190: 696e 6720 7468 6520 4e65 7442 5344 2072 ing the NetBSD r\n-0000b1a0: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 oot. file sy\n-0000b1b0: 7374 656d 2e20 2046 6f72 2061 2064 6973 stem. For a dis\n-0000b1c0: 6b20 7769 7468 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 k with a NetBSD \n-0000b1d0: 6469 736b 206c 6162 656c 2c20 7468 6973 disk label, this\n-0000b1e0: 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 is usually. \n-0000b1f0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 the first parti\n-0000b200: 7469 6f6e 2028 613a 292e 2020 496e 2074 tion (a:). In t\n-0000b210: 6861 7420 6361 7365 2c20 616e 6420 6173 hat case, and as\n-0000b220: 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a suming that the.\n-0000b230: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 partition i\n-0000b240: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 s on the first h\n-0000b250: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 4752 ard disk, set GR\n-0000b260: 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 UB's root device\n-0000b270: 2061 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 as. follows\n-0000b280: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n-0000b290: 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f62 b> insmod part_b\n-0000b2a0: 7364 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 sd. gru\n-0000b2b0: 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 b> set root=(hd0\n-0000b2c0: 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 ,netbsd1).. \n-0000b2d0: 466f 7220 6120 6469 736b 2077 6974 6820 For a disk with \n-0000b2e0: 6120 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e a GUID Partition\n-0000b2f0: 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2c20 616e Table (GPT), an\n-0000b300: 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 d assuming that \n-0000b310: 7468 650a 2020 2020 204e 6574 4253 4420 the. NetBSD \n-0000b320: 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 root partition i\n-0000b330: 7320 7468 6520 7468 6972 6420 4750 5420 s the third GPT \n-0000b340: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2064 6f20 7468 partition, do th\n-0000b350: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 is:.. g\n-0000b360: 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 rub> insmod part\n-0000b370: 5f67 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 _gpt. g\n-0000b380: 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 rub> set root=(h\n-0000b390: 6430 2c67 7074 3329 0a0a 2020 322e 204c d0,gpt3).. 2. L\n-0000b3a0: 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 oad the kernel u\n-0000b3b0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 sing the command\n-0000b3c0: 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 3a0a ...knetbsd...:.\n-0000b3d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n-0000b3e0: 206b 6e65 7462 7364 202f 6e65 7462 7364 knetbsd /netbsd\n-0000b3f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 6172 696f 7573 206f .. Various o\n-0000b400: 7074 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 ptions may be gi\n-0000b410: 7665 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 ven to ...knetbs\n-0000b420: 64e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206f 7074 d.... These opt\n-0000b430: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2c20 666f 720a 2020 ions are, for. \n-0000b440: 2020 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7061 7274 the most part\n-0000b450: 2c20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 696e , the same as in\n-0000b460: 2074 6865 204e 6574 4253 4420 626f 6f74 the NetBSD boot\n-0000b470: 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 466f 720a 2020 loader. For. \n-0000b480: 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2074 6f20 instance, to \n-0000b490: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 boot the system \n-0000b4a0: 696e 2073 696e 676c 652d 7573 6572 206d in single-user m\n-0000b4b0: 6f64 6520 616e 6420 7769 7468 2076 6572 ode and with ver\n-0000b4c0: 626f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 7373 6167 bose. messag\n-0000b4d0: 6573 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 es, do this:.. \n-0000b4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e grub> kn\n-0000b4f0: 6574 6273 6420 2f6e 6574 6273 6420 2d73 etbsd /netbsd -s\n-0000b500: 202d 760a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 206e 6565 -v.. 3. If nee\n-0000b510: 6465 642c 206c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c ded, load kernel\n-0000b520: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 modules with th\n-0000b530: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 20e2 e command. .\n-0000b540: 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 ..knetbsd_module\n-0000b550: 5f65 6c66 e280 992e 2020 4120 7479 7069 _elf.... A typi\n-0000b560: 6361 6c20 6578 616d 706c 6520 6973 2074 cal example is t\n-0000b570: 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 7468 he module for th\n-0000b580: 6520 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 e root. file\n-0000b590: 2073 7973 7465 6d3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 system:.. \n-0000b5a0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 grub> knetbs\n-0000b5b0: 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 7374 d_module_elf /st\n-0000b5c0: 616e 642f 616d 6436 342f 362e 302f 6d6f and/amd64/6.0/mo\n-0000b5d0: 6475 6c65 732f 6666 732f 6666 732e 6b6d dules/ffs/ffs.km\n-0000b5e0: 6f64 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 od.. 4. Finally\n-0000b5f0: 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e , run the comman\n-0000b600: 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e d ...boot... (*n\n-0000b610: 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a ote boot::).....\n-0000b620: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0000b630: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 Node: DOS/Wind\n-0000b640: 6f77 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7442 ows, Prev: NetB\n-0000b650: 5344 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 SD, Up: OS-spec\n-0000b660: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e ific notes..5.4.\n-0000b670: 3420 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 730a 2d2d 4 DOS/Windows.--\n-0000b680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0000b690: 0a47 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f .GRUB cannot boo\n-0000b6a0: 7420 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 t DOS or Windows\n-0000b6b0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2073 6f20 796f directly, so yo\n-0000b6c0: 7520 6d75 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 u must chain-loa\n-0000b6d0: 6420 7468 656d 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4368 d them.(*note Ch\n-0000b6e0: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e20 ain-loading::). \n-0000b6f0: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6569 7220 However, their \n-0000b700: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7273 2068 6176 boot loaders hav\n-0000b710: 6520 736f 6d65 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a e some critical.\n-0000b720: 6465 6669 6369 656e 6369 6573 2c20 736f deficiencies, so\n-0000b730: 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 776f 726b it may not work\n-0000b740: 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c to just chain-l\n-0000b750: 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 6f76 oad them. To ov\n-0000b760: 6572 636f 6d65 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c ercome.the probl\n-0000b770: 656d 732c 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 ems, GRUB provid\n-0000b780: 6573 2079 6f75 2077 6974 6820 7477 6f20 es you with two \n-0000b790: 6865 6c70 6572 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 helper functions\n-0000b7a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 ... If you hav\n-0000b7b0: 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 444f 5320 e installed DOS \n-0000b7c0: 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 206f 6e20 (or Windows) on \n-0000b7d0: 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 a non-first hard\n-0000b7e0: 2064 6973 6b2c 2079 6f75 0a68 6176 6520 disk, you.have \n-0000b7f0: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 to use the disk \n-0000b800: 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 swapping techniq\n-0000b810: 7565 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6174 ue, because that\n-0000b820: 204f 5320 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 740a OS cannot boot.\n-0000b830: 6672 6f6d 2061 6e79 2064 6973 6b73 2062 from any disks b\n-0000b840: 7574 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 206f 6e65 ut the first one\n-0000b850: 2e20 2054 6865 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e . The workaroun\n-0000b860: 6420 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2069 d used in GRUB i\n-0000b870: 7320 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 s the.command ..\n-0000b880: 9864 7269 7665 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e .drivemap... (*n\n-0000b890: 6f74 6520 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 292c ote drivemap::),\n-0000b8a0: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 like this:.. \n-0000b8b0: 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 drivemap -s (h\n-0000b8c0: 6430 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 5468 d0) (hd1).. Th\n-0000b8d0: 6973 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 e280 is performs a ..\n-0000b8e0: 9c76 6972 7475 616c e280 9d20 7377 6170 .virtual... swap\n-0000b8f0: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2079 6f75 7220 6669 between your fi\n-0000b900: 7273 7420 616e 6420 7365 636f 6e64 2068 rst and second h\n-0000b910: 6172 640a 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 202a ard.drive... *\n-0000b920: 4361 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 5468 6973 2069 Caution:* This i\n-0000b930: 7320 6566 6665 6374 6976 6520 6f6e 6c79 s effective only\n-0000b940: 2069 6620 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 if DOS (or Wind\n-0000b950: 6f77 7329 2075 7365 7320 4249 4f53 2074 ows) uses BIOS t\n-0000b960: 6f0a 6163 6365 7373 2074 6865 2073 7761 o.access the swa\n-0000b970: 7070 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e20 2049 6620 pped disks. If \n-0000b980: 7468 6174 204f 5320 7573 6573 2061 2073 that OS uses a s\n-0000b990: 7065 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f pecial driver fo\n-0000b9a0: 7220 7468 650a 6469 736b 732c 2074 6869 r the.disks, thi\n-0000b9b0: 7320 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2077 6f6e 2774 s probably won't\n-0000b9c0: 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e6f 7468 work... Anoth\n-0000b9d0: 6572 2070 726f 626c 656d 2061 7269 7365 er problem arise\n-0000b9e0: 7320 6966 2079 6f75 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c s if you install\n-0000b9f0: 6564 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 ed more than one\n-0000ba00: 2073 6574 206f 660a 444f 532f 5769 6e64 set of.DOS/Wind\n-0000ba10: 6f77 7320 6f6e 746f 206f 6e65 2064 6973 ows onto one dis\n-0000ba20: 6b2c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 7920 k, because they \n-0000ba30: 636f 756c 6420 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 could be confuse\n-0000ba40: 6420 6966 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 0a6d d if there are.m\n-0000ba50: 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2070 7269 ore than one pri\n-0000ba60: 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 mary partitions \n-0000ba70: 666f 7220 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732e for DOS/Windows.\n-0000ba80: 2020 4365 7274 6169 6e6c 7920 796f 7520 Certainly you \n-0000ba90: 7368 6f75 6c64 0a61 766f 6964 2064 6f69 should.avoid doi\n-0000baa0: 6e67 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 2074 6865 ng this, but the\n-0000bab0: 7265 2069 7320 6120 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e re is a solution\n-0000bac0: 2069 6620 796f 7520 646f 2077 616e 7420 if you do want \n-0000bad0: 746f 2064 6f20 736f 2e20 2055 7365 0a74 to do so. Use.t\n-0000bae0: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2068 6964 he partition hid\n-0000baf0: 696e 672f 756e 6869 6469 6e67 2074 6563 ing/unhiding tec\n-0000bb00: 686e 6971 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2047 hnique... If G\n-0000bb10: 5255 4220 e280 9c68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 RUB ...hides... \n-0000bb20: 6120 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 a DOS (or Window\n-0000bb30: 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e s) partition (*n\n-0000bb40: 6f74 6520 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a3a 292c ote parttool::),\n-0000bb50: 2044 4f53 0a28 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 DOS.(or Windows\n-0000bb60: 2920 7769 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 6520 7468 ) will ignore th\n-0000bb70: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 e partition. If\n-0000bb80: 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c75 6e68 6964 6573 GRUB ...unhides\n-0000bb90: e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f 720a 5769 ... a DOS (or.Wi\n-0000bba0: 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ndows) partition\n-0000bbb0: 2c20 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 , DOS (or Window\n-0000bbc0: 7329 2077 696c 6c20 6465 7465 6374 2074 s) will detect t\n-0000bbd0: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 he partition. T\n-0000bbe0: 6875 732c 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 hus,.if you have\n-0000bbf0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2044 4f53 2028 installed DOS (\n-0000bc00: 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 6f6e 2074 or Windows) on t\n-0000bc10: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2061 6e64 2074 6865 he first and the\n-0000bc20: 2073 6563 6f6e 640a 7061 7274 6974 696f second.partitio\n-0000bc30: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 n of the first h\n-0000bc40: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 616e 6420 796f ard disk, and yo\n-0000bc50: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 u want to boot t\n-0000bc60: 6865 2063 6f70 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 0a66 he copy on the.f\n-0000bc70: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 irst partition, \n-0000bc80: 646f 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 do the following\n-0000bc90: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c :.. parttool\n-0000bca0: 2028 6864 302c 3129 2068 6964 6465 6e2d (hd0,1) hidden-\n-0000bcb0: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 . parttool (\n-0000bcc0: 6864 302c 3229 2068 6964 6465 6e2b 0a20 hd0,2) hidden+. \n-0000bcd0: 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 set root=(hd\n-0000bce0: 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6169 6e6c 0,1). chainl\n-0000bcf0: 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 7061 oader +1. pa\n-0000bd00: 7274 746f 6f6c 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d 2062 rttool ${root} b\n-0000bd10: 6f6f 742b 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 0a0a oot+. boot..\n-0000bd20: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0000bd30: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 o, Node: Config\n-0000bd40: 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 uration, Next: \n-0000bd50: 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 Theme file forma\n-0000bd60: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 426f 6f74 696e t, Prev: Bootin\n-0000bd70: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a36 2057 g, Up: Top..6 W\n-0000bd80: 7269 7469 6e67 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 6e20 riting your own \n-0000bd90: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-0000bda0: 6c65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a le.*************\n+0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2724 2874 '$(t\n+0000aa50: 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 2027 2428 ask-create)' '$(\n+0000aa60: 7461 736b 2d72 6573 756d 6529 270a 2020 task-resume)'. \n+0000aa70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f grub> mo\n+0000aa80: 6475 6c65 202f 6c69 622f 6c64 2e73 6f2e dule /lib/ld.so.\n+0000aa90: 3120 6578 6563 202f 6875 7264 2f65 7865 1 exec /hurd/exe\n+0000aaa0: 6320 2724 2865 7865 632d 7461 736b 3d74 c '$(exec-task=t\n+0000aab0: 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 0a0a 2020 ask-create)'.. \n+0000aac0: 332e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 3. Finally, run \n+0000aad0: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 the command ...b\n+0000aae0: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f oot... (*note bo\n+0000aaf0: 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ot::).....File: \n+0000ab00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0000ab10: 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 : GNU/Linux, Ne\n+0000ab20: 7874 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2050 7265 xt: NetBSD, Pre\n+0000ab30: 763a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 5570 v: GNU/Hurd, Up\n+0000ab40: 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f : OS-specific no\n+0000ab50: 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e32 2047 4e55 2f4c tes..5.4.2 GNU/L\n+0000ab60: 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d inux.-----------\n+0000ab70: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4974 2069 7320 7265 6c61 ----..It is rela\n+0000ab80: 7469 7665 6c79 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 tively easy to b\n+0000ab90: 6f6f 7420 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6672 oot GNU/Linux fr\n+0000aba0: 6f6d 2047 5255 422c 2062 6563 6175 7365 om GRUB, because\n+0000abb0: 2069 7420 736f 6d65 7768 6174 0a72 6573 it somewhat.res\n+0000abc0: 656d 626c 6573 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2061 embles to boot a\n+0000abd0: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c Multiboot-compl\n+0000abe0: 6961 6e74 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 iant OS... 1. S\n+0000abf0: 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 et GRUB's root d\n+0000ac00: 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d evice to the sam\n+0000ac10: 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f4c e drive as GNU/L\n+0000ac20: 696e 7578 2773 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 inux's. The. \n+0000ac30: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 command ...sea\n+0000ac40: 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d rch --set=root -\n+0000ac50: 2d66 696c 6520 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a e280 -file /vmlinuz..\n+0000ac60: 9920 6f72 2073 696d 696c 6172 206d 6179 . or similar may\n+0000ac70: 2068 656c 7020 796f 750a 2020 2020 2028 help you. (\n+0000ac80: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e *note search::).\n+0000ac90: 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 .. 2. Load the \n+0000aca0: 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 kernel using the\n+0000acb0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 command ...linu\n+0000acc0: 78e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 x... (*note linu\n+0000acd0: 783a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 x::):.. \n+0000ace0: 2067 7275 623e 206c 696e 7578 202f 766d grub> linux /vm\n+0000acf0: 6c69 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f linuz root=/dev/\n+0000ad00: 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f sda1.. If yo\n+0000ad10: 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 u need to specif\n+0000ad20: 7920 736f 6d65 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7061 y some kernel pa\n+0000ad30: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2c20 6a75 7374 2061 rameters, just a\n+0000ad40: 7070 656e 6420 7468 656d 2074 6f0a 2020 ppend them to. \n+0000ad50: 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 the command. \n+0000ad60: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f For example, to\n+0000ad70: 2073 6574 20e2 8098 6163 7069 e280 9920 set ...acpi... \n+0000ad80: 746f 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 2c20 646f to ...off..., do\n+0000ad90: 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n+0000ada0: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 grub> linux /v\n+0000adb0: 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 mlinuz root=/dev\n+0000adc0: 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a /sda1 acpi=off..\n+0000add0: 2020 2020 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 6f63 See the doc\n+0000ade0: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 umentation in th\n+0000adf0: 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 736f 7572 6365 2074 e Linux source t\n+0000ae00: 7265 6520 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 ree for complete\n+0000ae10: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f . informatio\n+0000ae20: 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 n on the availab\n+0000ae30: 6c65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 le options... \n+0000ae40: 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 With ...linux.\n+0000ae50: 8099 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2033 322d .. GRUB uses 32-\n+0000ae60: 6269 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2053 bit protocol. S\n+0000ae70: 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 2073 6572 7669 6365 ome BIOS service\n+0000ae80: 7320 6c69 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 4150 4d20 s like. APM \n+0000ae90: 6f72 2045 4444 2061 7265 6e27 7420 6176 or EDD aren't av\n+0000aea0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7769 7468 2074 6869 ailable with thi\n+0000aeb0: 7320 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 6e20 s protocol. In \n+0000aec0: 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 796f 750a 2020 this case you. \n+0000aed0: 2020 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 need to use .\n+0000aee0: 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a0a 2020 ..linux16..... \n+0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 grub> li\n+0000af00: 6e75 7831 3620 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 nux16 /vmlinuz r\n+0000af10: 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 oot=/dev/sda1 ac\n+0000af20: 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 pi=off.. 3. If \n+0000af30: 796f 7520 7573 6520 616e 2069 6e69 7472 you use an initr\n+0000af40: 642c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 2063 d, execute the c\n+0000af50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 ommand ...initrd\n+0000af60: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 ... (*note initr\n+0000af70: 643a 3a29 0a20 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 d::). after \n+0000af80: e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 ...linux...:.. \n+0000af90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e grub> in\n+0000afa0: 6974 7264 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 itrd /initrd.. \n+0000afb0: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 6564 20e2 If you used .\n+0000afc0: 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 2079 6f75 ..linux16... you\n+0000afd0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 need to use ...\n+0000afe0: 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 initrd16...:.. \n+0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e grub> in\n+0000b000: 6974 7264 3136 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a itrd16 /initrd..\n+0000b010: 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 4. Finally, ru\n+0000b020: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 n the command ..\n+0000b030: 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .boot... (*note \n+0000b040: 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 boot::).....File\n+0000b050: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0000b060: 6465 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 204e 6578 de: NetBSD, Nex\n+0000b070: 743a 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 2c20 t: DOS/Windows, \n+0000b080: 2050 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 Prev: GNU/Linux\n+0000b090: 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 , Up: OS-specif\n+0000b0a0: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3320 ic notes..5.4.3 \n+0000b0b0: 4e65 7442 5344 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d NetBSD.---------\n+0000b0c0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 204e ---..Booting a N\n+0000b0d0: 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2066 726f etBSD kernel fro\n+0000b0e0: 6d20 4752 5542 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 m GRUB is also r\n+0000b0f0: 656c 6174 6976 656c 7920 6561 7379 3a20 elatively easy: \n+0000b100: 6669 7273 7420 7365 740a 4752 5542 2773 first set.GRUB's\n+0000b110: 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2c20 7468 root device, th\n+0000b120: 656e 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e en load the kern\n+0000b130: 656c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c el and the modul\n+0000b140: 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6669 6e61 6c6c 790a es, and finally.\n+0000b150: 7275 6e20 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a run ...boot.....\n+0000b160: 0a20 2031 2e20 5365 7420 4752 5542 2773 . 1. Set GRUB's\n+0000b170: 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 root device to \n+0000b180: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 686f the partition ho\n+0000b190: 6c64 696e 6720 7468 6520 4e65 7442 5344 lding the NetBSD\n+0000b1a0: 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 root. file \n+0000b1b0: 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2046 6f72 2061 2064 system. For a d\n+0000b1c0: 6973 6b20 7769 7468 2061 204e 6574 4253 isk with a NetBS\n+0000b1d0: 4420 6469 736b 206c 6162 656c 2c20 7468 D disk label, th\n+0000b1e0: 6973 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 is is usually. \n+0000b1f0: 2020 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 the first par\n+0000b200: 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 613a 292e 2020 496e tition (a:). In\n+0000b210: 2074 6861 7420 6361 7365 2c20 616e 6420 that case, and \n+0000b220: 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 assuming that th\n+0000b230: 650a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e e. partition\n+0000b240: 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 is on the first\n+0000b250: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 hard disk, set \n+0000b260: 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 GRUB's root devi\n+0000b270: 6365 2061 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f ce as. follo\n+0000b280: 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 ws:.. g\n+0000b290: 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 rub> insmod part\n+0000b2a0: 5f62 7364 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 _bsd. g\n+0000b2b0: 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 rub> set root=(h\n+0000b2c0: 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 290a 0a20 2020 d0,netbsd1).. \n+0000b2d0: 2020 466f 7220 6120 6469 736b 2077 6974 For a disk wit\n+0000b2e0: 6820 6120 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 h a GUID Partiti\n+0000b2f0: 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2c20 on Table (GPT), \n+0000b300: 616e 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 and assuming tha\n+0000b310: 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 204e 6574 4253 t the. NetBS\n+0000b320: 4420 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e D root partition\n+0000b330: 2069 7320 7468 6520 7468 6972 6420 4750 is the third GP\n+0000b340: 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2064 6f20 T partition, do \n+0000b350: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n+0000b360: 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 grub> insmod pa\n+0000b370: 7274 5f67 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rt_gpt. \n+0000b380: 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d grub> set root=\n+0000b390: 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3329 0a0a 2020 322e (hd0,gpt3).. 2.\n+0000b3a0: 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c Load the kernel\n+0000b3b0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 using the comma\n+0000b3c0: 6e64 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 nd ...knetbsd...\n+0000b3d0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n+0000b3e0: 623e 206b 6e65 7462 7364 202f 6e65 7462 b> knetbsd /netb\n+0000b3f0: 7364 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 6172 696f 7573 sd.. Various\n+0000b400: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 options may be \n+0000b410: 6769 7665 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 given to ...knet\n+0000b420: 6273 64e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206f bsd.... These o\n+0000b430: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2c20 666f 720a ptions are, for.\n+0000b440: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7061 the most pa\n+0000b450: 7274 2c20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 rt, the same as \n+0000b460: 696e 2074 6865 204e 6574 4253 4420 626f in the NetBSD bo\n+0000b470: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 466f 720a ot loader. For.\n+0000b480: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2074 instance, t\n+0000b490: 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 o boot the syste\n+0000b4a0: 6d20 696e 2073 696e 676c 652d 7573 6572 m in single-user\n+0000b4b0: 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 7769 7468 2076 mode and with v\n+0000b4c0: 6572 626f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 7373 erbose. mess\n+0000b4d0: 6167 6573 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a ages, do this:..\n+0000b4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n+0000b4f0: 6b6e 6574 6273 6420 2f6e 6574 6273 6420 knetbsd /netbsd \n+0000b500: 2d73 202d 760a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 206e -s -v.. 3. If n\n+0000b510: 6565 6465 642c 206c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e eeded, load kern\n+0000b520: 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2077 6974 6820 el modules with \n+0000b530: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 the command. \n+0000b540: 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 ...knetbsd_modu\n+0000b550: 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 992e 2020 4120 7479 le_elf.... A ty\n+0000b560: 7069 6361 6c20 6578 616d 706c 6520 6973 pical example is\n+0000b570: 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 the module for \n+0000b580: 7468 6520 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6669 the root. fi\n+0000b590: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d3a 0a0a 2020 2020 le system:.. \n+0000b5a0: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 grub> knet\n+0000b5b0: 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f bsd_module_elf /\n+0000b5c0: 7374 616e 642f 616d 6436 342f 362e 302f stand/amd64/6.0/\n+0000b5d0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732f 6666 732f 6666 732e modules/ffs/ffs.\n+0000b5e0: 6b6d 6f64 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c kmod.. 4. Final\n+0000b5f0: 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d ly, run the comm\n+0000b600: 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 and ...boot... (\n+0000b610: 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a *note boot::)...\n+0000b620: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0000b630: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 444f 532f 5769 o, Node: DOS/Wi\n+0000b640: 6e64 6f77 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 ndows, Prev: Ne\n+0000b650: 7442 5344 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 tBSD, Up: OS-sp\n+0000b660: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e ecific notes..5.\n+0000b670: 342e 3420 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 730a 4.4 DOS/Windows.\n+0000b680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0000b690: 2d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 -..GRUB cannot b\n+0000b6a0: 6f6f 7420 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f oot DOS or Windo\n+0000b6b0: 7773 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2073 6f20 ws directly, so \n+0000b6c0: 796f 7520 6d75 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c you must chain-l\n+0000b6d0: 6f61 6420 7468 656d 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 oad them.(*note \n+0000b6e0: 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 Chain-loading::)\n+0000b6f0: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6569 . However, thei\n+0000b700: 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7273 2068 r boot loaders h\n+0000b710: 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2063 7269 7469 6361 ave some critica\n+0000b720: 6c0a 6465 6669 6369 656e 6369 6573 2c20 l.deficiencies, \n+0000b730: 736f 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 776f so it may not wo\n+0000b740: 726b 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 2063 6861 696e rk to just chain\n+0000b750: 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 -load them. To \n+0000b760: 6f76 6572 636f 6d65 0a74 6865 2070 726f overcome.the pro\n+0000b770: 626c 656d 732c 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 blems, GRUB prov\n+0000b780: 6964 6573 2079 6f75 2077 6974 6820 7477 ides you with tw\n+0000b790: 6f20 6865 6c70 6572 2066 756e 6374 696f o helper functio\n+0000b7a0: 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 ns... If you h\n+0000b7b0: 6176 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 444f ave installed DO\n+0000b7c0: 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 206f S (or Windows) o\n+0000b7d0: 6e20 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 6861 n a non-first ha\n+0000b7e0: 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2079 6f75 0a68 6176 rd disk, you.hav\n+0000b7f0: 6520 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 6973 e to use the dis\n+0000b800: 6b20 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2074 6563 686e k swapping techn\n+0000b810: 6971 7565 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 ique, because th\n+0000b820: 6174 204f 5320 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f at OS cannot boo\n+0000b830: 740a 6672 6f6d 2061 6e79 2064 6973 6b73 t.from any disks\n+0000b840: 2062 7574 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 206f but the first o\n+0000b850: 6e65 2e20 2054 6865 2077 6f72 6b61 726f ne. The workaro\n+0000b860: 756e 6420 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 und used in GRUB\n+0000b870: 2069 7320 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 is the.command \n+0000b880: e280 9864 7269 7665 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 ...drivemap... (\n+0000b890: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a3a *note drivemap::\n+0000b8a0: 292c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 ), like this:.. \n+0000b8b0: 2020 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 drivemap -s \n+0000b8c0: 2868 6430 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 (hd0) (hd1).. \n+0000b8d0: 5468 6973 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 This performs a \n+0000b8e0: e280 9c76 6972 7475 616c e280 9d20 7377 ...virtual... sw\n+0000b8f0: 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2079 6f75 7220 ap between your \n+0000b900: 6669 7273 7420 616e 6420 7365 636f 6e64 first and second\n+0000b910: 2068 6172 640a 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 hard.drive... \n+0000b920: 202a 4361 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 5468 6973 *Caution:* This\n+0000b930: 2069 7320 6566 6665 6374 6976 6520 6f6e is effective on\n+0000b940: 6c79 2069 6620 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 ly if DOS (or Wi\n+0000b950: 6e64 6f77 7329 2075 7365 7320 4249 4f53 ndows) uses BIOS\n+0000b960: 2074 6f0a 6163 6365 7373 2074 6865 2073 to.access the s\n+0000b970: 7761 7070 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e20 2049 wapped disks. I\n+0000b980: 6620 7468 6174 204f 5320 7573 6573 2061 f that OS uses a\n+0000b990: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 7220 special driver \n+0000b9a0: 666f 7220 7468 650a 6469 736b 732c 2074 for the.disks, t\n+0000b9b0: 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2077 6f6e his probably won\n+0000b9c0: 2774 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e6f 't work... Ano\n+0000b9d0: 7468 6572 2070 726f 626c 656d 2061 7269 ther problem ari\n+0000b9e0: 7365 7320 6966 2079 6f75 2069 6e73 7461 ses if you insta\n+0000b9f0: 6c6c 6564 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f lled more than o\n+0000ba00: 6e65 2073 6574 206f 660a 444f 532f 5769 ne set of.DOS/Wi\n+0000ba10: 6e64 6f77 7320 6f6e 746f 206f 6e65 2064 ndows onto one d\n+0000ba20: 6973 6b2c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 isk, because the\n+0000ba30: 7920 636f 756c 6420 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 y could be confu\n+0000ba40: 7365 6420 6966 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 sed if there are\n+0000ba50: 0a6d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2070 .more than one p\n+0000ba60: 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e rimary partition\n+0000ba70: 7320 666f 7220 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 s for DOS/Window\n+0000ba80: 732e 2020 4365 7274 6169 6e6c 7920 796f s. Certainly yo\n+0000ba90: 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 0a61 766f 6964 2064 u should.avoid d\n+0000baa0: 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 2074 oing this, but t\n+0000bab0: 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 736f 6c75 7469 here is a soluti\n+0000bac0: 6f6e 2069 6620 796f 7520 646f 2077 616e on if you do wan\n+0000bad0: 7420 746f 2064 6f20 736f 2e20 2055 7365 t to do so. Use\n+0000bae0: 0a74 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2068 .the partition h\n+0000baf0: 6964 696e 672f 756e 6869 6469 6e67 2074 iding/unhiding t\n+0000bb00: 6563 686e 6971 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 echnique... If\n+0000bb10: 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c68 6964 6573 e280 GRUB ...hides..\n+0000bb20: 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 . a DOS (or Wind\n+0000bb30: 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 ows) partition (\n+0000bb40: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a3a *note parttool::\n+0000bb50: 292c 2044 4f53 0a28 6f72 2057 696e 646f ), DOS.(or Windo\n+0000bb60: 7773 2920 7769 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 6520 ws) will ignore \n+0000bb70: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 the partition. \n+0000bb80: 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c75 6e68 6964 If GRUB ...unhid\n+0000bb90: 6573 e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f 720a es... a DOS (or.\n+0000bba0: 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 Windows) partiti\n+0000bbb0: 6f6e 2c20 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 on, DOS (or Wind\n+0000bbc0: 6f77 7329 2077 696c 6c20 6465 7465 6374 ows) will detect\n+0000bbd0: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 the partition. \n+0000bbe0: 2054 6875 732c 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6861 Thus,.if you ha\n+0000bbf0: 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2044 4f53 ve installed DOS\n+0000bc00: 2028 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 6f6e (or Windows) on\n+0000bc10: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2061 6e64 2074 the first and t\n+0000bc20: 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 640a 7061 7274 6974 he second.partit\n+0000bc30: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ion of the first\n+0000bc40: 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 616e 6420 hard disk, and \n+0000bc50: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 you want to boot\n+0000bc60: 2074 6865 2063 6f70 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 the copy on the\n+0000bc70: 0a66 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e .first partition\n+0000bc80: 2c20 646f 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 , do the followi\n+0000bc90: 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f ng:.. partto\n+0000bca0: 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3129 2068 6964 6465 ol (hd0,1) hidde\n+0000bcb0: 6e2d 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c n-. parttool\n+0000bcc0: 2028 6864 302c 3229 2068 6964 6465 6e2b (hd0,2) hidden+\n+0000bcd0: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 . set root=(\n+0000bce0: 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6169 hd0,1). chai\n+0000bcf0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 nloader +1. \n+0000bd00: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d parttool ${root}\n+0000bd10: 2062 6f6f 742b 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 boot+. boot\n+0000bd20: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0000bd30: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6e66 nfo, Node: Conf\n+0000bd40: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 iguration, Next\n+0000bd50: 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 : Theme file for\n+0000bd60: 6d61 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 426f 6f74 mat, Prev: Boot\n+0000bd70: 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a36 ing, Up: Top..6\n+0000bd80: 2057 7269 7469 6e67 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 Writing your ow\n+0000bd90: 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 n configuration \n+0000bda0: 6669 6c65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a file.***********\n 0000bdb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0000bdc0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2069 ********..GRUB i\n-0000bdd0: 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2075 7369 s configured usi\n-0000bde0: 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 ng ...grub.cfg..\n-0000bdf0: 992c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c 6f63 6174 ., usually locat\n-0000be00: 6564 2075 6e64 6572 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f ed under .../boo\n-0000be10: 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a54 6869 7320 t/grub.....This \n-0000be20: 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7175 6974 6520 666c file is quite fl\n-0000be30: 6578 6962 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 6d6f 7374 exible, but most\n-0000be40: 2075 7365 7273 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 users will not \n-0000be50: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 7468 need to write th\n-0000be60: 650a 7768 6f6c 6520 7468 696e 6720 6279 e.whole thing by\n-0000be70: 2068 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a hand...* Menu:.\n-0000be80: 0a2a 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 .* Simple config\n-0000be90: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 uration:: \n-0000bea0: 2020 2020 2052 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 Recommended\n-0000beb0: 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7573 6572 730a for most users.\n-0000bec0: 2a20 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 * Root Identifca\n-0000bed0: 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 733a tion Heuristics:\n-0000bee0: 3a20 2020 5375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f6e 2068 : Summary on h\n-0000bef0: 6f77 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 ow the root file\n-0000bf00: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6973 2069 6465 6e74 system is ident\n-0000bf10: 6966 6965 642e 0a2a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c ified..* Shell-l\n-0000bf20: 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a20 ike scripting:: \n-0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2070 For p\n-0000bf40: 6f77 6572 2075 7365 7273 2061 6e64 2064 ower users and d\n-0000bf50: 6576 656c 6f70 6572 730a 2a20 4d75 6c74 evelopers.* Mult\n-0000bf60: 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f i-boot manual co\n-0000bf70: 6e66 6967 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 466f nfig:: Fo\n-0000bf80: 7220 6e6f 6e2d 7374 616e 6461 7264 206d r non-standard m\n-0000bf90: 756c 7469 2d4f 5320 7363 656e 6172 696f ulti-OS scenario\n-0000bfa0: 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**********..GRUB\n+0000bdd0: 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2075 is configured u\n+0000bde0: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 sing ...grub.cfg\n+0000bdf0: e280 992c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c 6f63 ..., usually loc\n+0000be00: 6174 6564 2075 6e64 6572 20e2 8098 2f62 ated under .../b\n+0000be10: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a54 6869 oot/grub.....Thi\n+0000be20: 7320 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7175 6974 6520 s file is quite \n+0000be30: 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 6d6f flexible, but mo\n+0000be40: 7374 2075 7365 7273 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f st users will no\n+0000be50: 7420 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 t need to write \n+0000be60: 7468 650a 7768 6f6c 6520 7468 696e 6720 the.whole thing \n+0000be70: 6279 2068 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 by hand...* Menu\n+0000be80: 3a0a 0a2a 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 :..* Simple conf\n+0000be90: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 iguration:: \n+0000bea0: 2020 2020 2020 2052 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 Recommend\n+0000beb0: 6564 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7573 6572 ed for most user\n+0000bec0: 730a 2a20 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 s.* Root Identif\n+0000bed0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 cation Heuristic\n+0000bee0: 733a 3a20 2020 5375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f6e s:: Summary on\n+0000bef0: 2068 6f77 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 how the root fi\n+0000bf00: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6973 2069 6465 le system is ide\n+0000bf10: 6e74 6966 6965 642e 0a2a 2053 6865 6c6c ntified..* Shell\n+0000bf20: 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a -like scripting:\n+0000bf30: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 6f72 : For\n+0000bf40: 2070 6f77 6572 2075 7365 7273 2061 6e64 power users and\n+0000bf50: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 730a 2a20 4d75 developers.* Mu\n+0000bf60: 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 lti-boot manual \n+0000bf70: 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 config:: \n+0000bf80: 466f 7220 6e6f 6e2d 7374 616e 6461 7264 For non-standard\n+0000bf90: 206d 756c 7469 2d4f 5320 7363 656e 6172 multi-OS scenar\n+0000bfa0: 696f 730a 2a20 456d 6265 6464 6564 2063 ios.* Embedded c\n+0000bfb0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 onfiguration:: \n+0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 456d 6265 6464 696e Embeddin\n+0000bfd0: 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f g a configuratio\n+0000bfe0: 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 n file into GRUB\n+0000bff0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0000c000: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5369 6d70 nfo, Node: Simp\n+0000c010: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n+0000c020: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 , Next: Root Id\n+0000c030: 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 4865 7572 entifcation Heur\n+0000c040: 6973 7469 6373 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e istics, Up: Con\n+0000c050: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3120 figuration..6.1 \n+0000c060: 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple configura\n+0000c070: 7469 6f6e 2068 616e 646c 696e 670a 3d3d tion handling.==\n 0000c080: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000c090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n-0000c0a0: 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 he program ...gr\n-0000c0b0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 ub-mkconfig... (\n-0000c0c0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 *note Invoking g\n-0000c0d0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2920 rub-mkconfig::) \n-0000c0e0: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 730a e280 9867 7275 generates....gru\n-0000c0f0: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2066 696c 6573 2073 b.cfg... files s\n-0000c100: 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7374 uitable for most\n-0000c110: 2063 6173 6573 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2073 cases. It is s\n-0000c120: 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 7573 6520 uitable for use \n-0000c130: 7768 656e 0a75 7067 7261 6469 6e67 2061 when.upgrading a\n-0000c140: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2c 2061 distribution, a\n-0000c150: 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 nd will discover\n-0000c160: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206b 6572 6e65 available kerne\n-0000c170: 6c73 2061 6e64 0a61 7474 656d 7074 2074 ls and.attempt t\n-0000c180: 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d 656e 7520 o generate menu \n-0000c190: 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 656d entries for them\n-0000c1a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ... ...grub-mk\n-0000c1b0: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 646f 6573 2068 config... does h\n-0000c1c0: 6176 6520 736f 6d65 206c 696d 6974 6174 ave some limitat\n-0000c1d0: 696f 6e73 2e20 2057 6869 6c65 2061 6464 ions. While add\n-0000c1e0: 696e 6720 6578 7472 610a 6375 7374 6f6d ing extra.custom\n-0000c1f0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 746f menu entries to\n-0000c200: 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6520 the end of the \n-0000c210: 6c69 7374 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 list can be done\n-0000c220: 2062 7920 6564 6974 696e 670a e280 982f by editing..../\n-0000c230: 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 etc/grub.d/40_cu\n-0000c240: 7374 6f6d e280 9920 6f72 2063 7265 6174 stom... or creat\n-0000c250: 696e 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 ing .../boot/gru\n-0000c260: 622f 6375 7374 6f6d 2e63 6667 e280 992c b/custom.cfg...,\n-0000c270: 2063 6861 6e67 696e 670a 7468 6520 6f72 changing.the or\n-0000c280: 6465 7220 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 der of menu entr\n-0000c290: 6965 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 ies or changing \n-0000c2a0: 7468 6569 7220 7469 746c 6573 206d 6179 their titles may\n-0000c2b0: 2072 6571 7569 7265 206d 616b 696e 670a require making.\n-0000c2c0: 636f 6d70 6c65 7820 6368 616e 6765 7320 complex changes \n-0000c2d0: 746f 2073 6865 6c6c 2073 6372 6970 7473 to shell scripts\n-0000c2e0: 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 stored in .../e\n-0000c2f0: 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f e280 992e 2020 tc/grub.d/.... \n-0000c300: 5468 6973 206d 6179 2062 650a 696d 7072 This may be.impr\n-0000c310: 6f76 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 oved in the futu\n-0000c320: 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 616e re. In the mean\n-0000c330: 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6f73 6520 7768 6f20 time, those who \n-0000c340: 6665 656c 2074 6861 7420 6974 2077 6f75 feel that it wou\n-0000c350: 6c64 0a62 6520 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 ld.be easier to \n-0000c360: 7772 6974 6520 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 write ...grub.cf\n-0000c370: 67e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6172 g... directly ar\n-0000c380: 6520 656e 636f 7572 6167 6564 2074 6f20 e encouraged to \n-0000c390: 646f 2073 6f20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a42 6f6f do so (*note.Boo\n-0000c3a0: 7469 6e67 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 ting::, and *not\n-0000c3b0: 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 e Shell-like scr\n-0000c3c0: 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2074 ipting::), and t\n-0000c3d0: 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 616e 7920 7379 o disable any sy\n-0000c3e0: 7374 656d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 stem.provided by\n-0000c3f0: 2074 6865 6972 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 their distribut\n-0000c400: 696f 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 ion to automatic\n-0000c410: 616c 6c79 2072 756e 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ally run ...grub\n-0000c420: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 -mkconfig...... \n-0000c430: 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 2f65 The file .../e\n-0000c440: 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 tc/default/grub.\n-0000c450: 8099 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7468 6520 .. controls the \n-0000c460: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 0ae2 8098 operation of....\n-0000c470: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n-0000c480: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2073 6f75 7263 6564 . It is sourced\n-0000c490: 2062 7920 6120 7368 656c 6c20 7363 7269 by a shell scri\n-0000c4a0: 7074 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206d 7573 7420 pt, and so must \n-0000c4b0: 6265 2076 616c 6964 0a50 4f53 4958 2073 be valid.POSIX s\n-0000c4c0: 6865 6c6c 2069 6e70 7574 3b20 6e6f 726d hell input; norm\n-0000c4d0: 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6a75 ally, it will ju\n-0000c4e0: 7374 2062 6520 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 st be a sequence\n-0000c4f0: 206f 6620 e280 984b 4559 3d76 616c 7565 of ...KEY=value\n-0000c500: e280 990a 6c69 6e65 732c 2062 7574 2069 ....lines, but i\n-0000c510: 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 636f 6e74 f the value cont\n-0000c520: 6169 6e73 2073 7061 6365 7320 6f72 206f ains spaces or o\n-0000c530: 7468 6572 2073 7065 6369 616c 2063 6861 ther special cha\n-0000c540: 7261 6374 6572 7320 7468 656e 0a69 7420 racters then.it \n-0000c550: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7175 6f74 6564 2e20 must be quoted. \n-0000c560: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 For example:.. \n-0000c570: 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 GRUB_TERMINA\n-0000c580: 4c5f 494e 5055 543d 2263 6f6e 736f 6c65 L_INPUT=\"console\n-0000c590: 2073 6572 6961 6c22 0a0a 2020 2056 616c serial\".. Val\n-0000c5a0: 6964 206b 6579 7320 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 id keys in .../e\n-0000c5b0: 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 tc/default/grub.\n-0000c5c0: 8099 2061 7265 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 .. are as follow\n-0000c5d0: 733a 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 s:.....GRUB_DEFA\n-0000c5e0: 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ULT.... The \n-0000c5f0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 default menu ent\n-0000c600: 7279 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6265 ry. This may be\n-0000c610: 2061 206e 756d 6265 722c 2069 6e20 7768 a number, in wh\n-0000c620: 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 740a 2020 2020 ich case it. \n-0000c630: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 identifies the \n-0000c640: 4e74 6820 656e 7472 7920 696e 2074 6865 Nth entry in the\n-0000c650: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 generated menu \n-0000c660: 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 counted from zer\n-0000c670: 6f2c 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 2074 6865 2074 o,. or the t\n-0000c680: 6974 6c65 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 itle of a menu e\n-0000c690: 6e74 7279 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2073 7065 ntry, or the spe\n-0000c6a0: 6369 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 e280 9873 cial string ...s\n-0000c6b0: 6176 6564 e280 992e 2020 5573 696e 670a aved.... Using.\n-0000c6c0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2069 6420 6d61 7920 the id may \n-0000c6d0: 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6966 2079 6f75 be useful if you\n-0000c6e0: 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 2061 206d want to set a m\n-0000c6f0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6173 2074 6865 enu entry as the\n-0000c700: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 6576 default. ev\n-0000c710: 656e 2074 686f 7567 6820 7468 6572 6520 en though there \n-0000c720: 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2076 6172 6961 626c may be a variabl\n-0000c730: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 7472 e number of entr\n-0000c740: 6965 7320 6265 666f 7265 2069 742e 0a0a ies before it...\n-0000c750: 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 For example\n-0000c760: 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 653a 0a0a , if you have:..\n-0000c770: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2027 menuentry '\n-0000c780: 4578 616d 706c 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 Example GNU/Linu\n-0000c790: 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 x distribution' \n-0000c7a0: 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 --class gnu-linu\n-0000c7b0: 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 x --id example-g\n-0000c7c0: 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 207b 0a20 2020 2020 nu-linux {. \n-0000c7d0: 092e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 ..... }.. \n-0000c7e0: 2020 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d then you can m\n-0000c7f0: 616b 6520 7468 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 ake this the def\n-0000c800: 6175 6c74 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 ault using:.. \n-0000c810: 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 4445 4641 GRUB_DEFA\n-0000c820: 554c 543d 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d ULT=example-gnu-\n-0000c830: 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6576 linux.. Prev\n-0000c840: 696f 7573 6c79 2069 7420 7761 7320 646f iously it was do\n-0000c850: 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2074 6865 2077 6179 cumented the way\n-0000c860: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 656e 7472 7920 7469 to use entry ti\n-0000c870: 746c 652e 2020 5768 696c 650a 2020 2020 tle. While. \n-0000c880: 2074 6869 7320 7374 696c 6c20 776f 726b this still work\n-0000c890: 7320 6974 2773 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d s it's not recom\n-0000c8a0: 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 2074 6974 mended since tit\n-0000c8b0: 6c65 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 les often contai\n-0000c8c0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 7461 626c 6520 n. unstable \n-0000c8d0: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 2061 6e64 device names and\n-0000c8e0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 may be translat\n-0000c8f0: 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 ed.. If you \n-0000c900: 7365 7420 7468 6973 2074 6f20 e280 9873 set this to ...s\n-0000c910: 6176 6564 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 aved..., then th\n-0000c920: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 e default menu e\n-0000c930: 6e74 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 ntry will be. \n-0000c940: 2020 7468 6174 2073 6176 6564 2062 7920 that saved by \n-0000c950: e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 ...GRUB_SAVEDEFA\n-0000c960: 554c 54e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9867 7275 ULT... or ...gru\n-0000c970: 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 b-set-default...\n-0000c980: 2e20 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 2072 656c . This. rel\n-0000c990: 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 ies on the envir\n-0000c9a0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 onment block, wh\n-0000c9b0: 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 ich may not be a\n-0000c9c0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 616c 6c0a vailable in all.\n-0000c9d0: 2020 2020 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 situations \n-0000c9e0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 (*note Environme\n-0000c9f0: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 nt block::)... \n-0000ca00: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 The default i\n-0000ca10: 7320 e280 9830 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 s ...0.........G\n-0000ca20: 5255 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 RUB_SAVEDEFAULT.\n-0000ca30: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 ... If this \n-0000ca40: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f option is set to\n-0000ca50: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2074 6865 ...true..., the\n-0000ca60: 6e2c 2077 6865 6e20 616e 2065 6e74 7279 n, when an entry\n-0000ca70: 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c0a 2020 is selected,. \n-0000ca80: 2020 2073 6176 6520 6974 2061 7320 6120 save it as a \n-0000ca90: 6e65 7720 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 new default entr\n-0000caa0: 7920 666f 7220 7573 6520 6279 2066 7574 y for use by fut\n-0000cab0: 7572 6520 7275 6e73 206f 6620 4752 5542 ure runs of GRUB\n-0000cac0: 2e20 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6973 206f . This. is o\n-0000cad0: 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 2069 6620 e280 nly useful if ..\n-0000cae0: 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d 7361 .GRUB_DEFAULT=sa\n-0000caf0: 7665 64e2 8099 3b20 6974 2069 7320 6120 ved...; it is a \n-0000cb00: 7365 7061 7261 7465 206f 7074 696f 6e0a separate option.\n-0000cb10: 2020 2020 2062 6563 6175 7365 20e2 8098 because ...\n-0000cb20: 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 3d73 6176 GRUB_DEFAULT=sav\n-0000cb30: 6564 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 ed... is useful \n-0000cb40: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 without this opt\n-0000cb50: 696f 6e2c 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e ion, in. con\n-0000cb60: 6a75 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 e280 junction with ..\n-0000cb70: 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c .grub-set-defaul\n-0000cb80: 74e2 8099 2e20 2055 6e73 6574 2062 7920 t.... Unset by \n-0000cb90: 6465 6661 756c 742e 2020 5468 6973 0a20 default. This. \n-0000cba0: 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2072 656c 6965 option relie\n-0000cbb0: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e s on the environ\n-0000cbc0: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 6963 ment block, whic\n-0000cbd0: 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 h may not be ava\n-0000cbe0: 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2061 ilable. in a\n-0000cbf0: 6c6c 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 282a ll situations (*\n-0000cc00: 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 note Environment\n-0000cc10: 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a e280 9847 block::)......G\n-0000cc20: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 RUB_TIMEOUT.... \n-0000cc30: 2020 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 Boot the def\n-0000cc40: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6869 7320 ault entry this \n-0000cc50: 6d61 6e79 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2061 6674 many seconds aft\n-0000cc60: 6572 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a20 er the menu is. \n-0000cc70: 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642c 2075 displayed, u\n-0000cc80: 6e6c 6573 7320 6120 6b65 7920 6973 2070 nless a key is p\n-0000cc90: 7265 7373 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 ressed. The def\n-0000cca0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9835 e280 992e ault is ...5....\n-0000ccb0: 2020 5365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 Set to. ..\n-0000ccc0: 9830 e280 9920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696d .0... to boot im\n-0000ccd0: 6d65 6469 6174 656c 7920 7769 7468 6f75 mediately withou\n-0000cce0: 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 t displaying the\n-0000ccf0: 206d 656e 752c 206f 7220 746f 20e2 8098 menu, or to ...\n-0000cd00: 2d31 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7761 -1... to. wa\n-0000cd10: 6974 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 656c 792e it indefinitely.\n-0000cd20: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 9847 5255 .. If ...GRU\n-0000cd30: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 45e2 B_TIMEOUT_STYLE.\n-0000cd40: 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 .. is set to ...\n-0000cd50: 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 countdown... or \n-0000cd60: e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 ...hidden..., th\n-0000cd70: 650a 2020 2020 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 e. timeout i\n-0000cd80: 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 636f 756e 7465 s instead counte\n-0000cd90: 6420 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 206d 656e d before the men\n-0000cda0: 7520 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e0a u is displayed..\n-0000cdb0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ....GRUB_TIMEOUT\n-0000cdc0: 5f53 5459 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 _STYLE.... I\n-0000cdd0: 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 f this option is\n-0000cde0: 2075 6e73 6574 206f 7220 7365 7420 746f unset or set to\n-0000cdf0: 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 992c 2074 6865 ...menu..., the\n-0000ce00: 6e20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 n GRUB will disp\n-0000ce10: 6c61 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d 656e lay. the men\n-0000ce20: 7520 616e 6420 7468 656e 2077 6169 7420 u and then wait \n-0000ce30: 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 for the timeout \n-0000ce40: 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 set by ...GRUB_T\n-0000ce50: 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 IMEOUT... to. \n-0000ce60: 2020 6578 7069 7265 2062 6566 6f72 6520 expire before \n-0000ce70: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 6465 6661 booting the defa\n-0000ce80: 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 2020 5072 6573 ult entry. Pres\n-0000ce90: 7369 6e67 2061 206b 6579 2069 6e74 6572 sing a key inter\n-0000cea0: 7275 7074 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 rupts. the t\n-0000ceb0: 696d 656f 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 imeout... If\n-0000cec0: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 this option is \n-0000ced0: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 set to ...countd\n-0000cee0: 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 own... or ...hid\n-0000cef0: 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2c20 6265 den..., then, be\n-0000cf00: 666f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 fore. displa\n-0000cf10: 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 2047 ying the menu, G\n-0000cf20: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2077 6169 7420 666f RUB will wait fo\n-0000cf30: 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 r the timeout se\n-0000cf40: 7420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 t by. ...GRU\n-0000cf50: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 B_TIMEOUT... to \n-0000cf60: 6578 7069 7265 2e20 2049 6620 3c45 5343 expire. If or are pr\n-0000cf80: 6573 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 essed, or . is held d\n-0000cfa0: 6f77 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 own during that \n-0000cfb0: 7469 6d65 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6469 time, it will di\n-0000cfc0: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 splay the menu a\n-0000cfd0: 6e64 2077 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 nd wait. for\n-0000cfe0: 2069 6e70 7574 2e20 2049 6620 6120 686f input. If a ho\n-0000cff0: 746b 6579 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 tkey associated \n-0000d000: 7769 7468 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 with a menu entr\n-0000d010: 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6974 y is pressed, it\n-0000d020: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 . will boot \n-0000d030: 7468 6520 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 206d the associated m\n-0000d040: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 enu entry immedi\n-0000d050: 6174 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2074 ately. If the t\n-0000d060: 696d 656f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 imeout. expi\n-0000d070: 7265 7320 6265 666f 7265 2065 6974 6865 res before eithe\n-0000d080: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2068 6170 7065 r of these happe\n-0000d090: 6e73 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 ns, it will boot\n-0000d0a0: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 the default. \n-0000d0b0: 2020 656e 7472 792e 2020 496e 2074 6865 entry. In the\n-0000d0c0: 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 ...countdown...\n-0000d0d0: 2063 6173 652c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2073 case, it will s\n-0000d0e0: 686f 7720 6120 6f6e 652d 6c69 6e65 2069 how a one-line i\n-0000d0f0: 6e64 6963 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f ndication. o\n-0000d100: 6620 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 f the remaining \n-0000d110: 7469 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 time......GRUB_D\n-0000d120: 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 EFAULT_BUTTON...\n-0000d130: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ....GRUB_TIMEOUT\n-0000d140: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 _BUTTON.......GR\n-0000d150: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 UB_TIMEOUT_STYLE\n-0000d160: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 _BUTTON.......GR\n-0000d170: 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 UB_BUTTON_CMOS_A\n-0000d180: 4444 5245 5353 e280 990a 2020 2020 2056 DDRESS.... V\n-0000d190: 6172 6961 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 ariants of the c\n-0000d1a0: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2076 6172 orresponding var\n-0000d1b0: 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 iables without t\n-0000d1c0: 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 he ..._BUTTON...\n-0000d1d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6666 6978 2c20 7573 . suffix, us\n-0000d1e0: 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7665 ed to support ve\n-0000d1f0: 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 706f ndor-specific po\n-0000d200: 7765 7220 6275 7474 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e wer buttons. *N\n-0000d210: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2056 656e 646f 7220 ote. Vendor \n-0000d220: 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a2e power-on keys::.\n-0000d230: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5354 5249 .....GRUB_DISTRI\n-0000d240: 4255 544f 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 BUTOR.... Se\n-0000d250: 7420 6279 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6f72 t by distributor\n-0000d260: 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 s of GRUB to the\n-0000d270: 6972 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 206e ir identifying n\n-0000d280: 616d 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a 2020 ame. This is. \n-0000d290: 2020 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 656e 6572 used to gener\n-0000d2a0: 6174 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 ate more informa\n-0000d2b0: 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 tive menu entry \n-0000d2c0: 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 titles......GRUB\n-0000d2d0: 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 _TERMINAL_INPUT.\n-0000d2e0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 ... Select t\n-0000d2f0: 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 he terminal inpu\n-0000d300: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2059 6f75 206d t device. You m\n-0000d310: 6179 2073 656c 6563 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 ay select multip\n-0000d320: 6c65 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 2020 2020 le devices. \n-0000d330: 6865 7265 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 here, separated \n-0000d340: 6279 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 by spaces... \n-0000d350: 2056 616c 6964 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 Valid terminal \n-0000d360: 696e 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 input names depe\n-0000d370: 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f nd on the platfo\n-0000d380: 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c rm, but may incl\n-0000d390: 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 ude. ...cons\n-0000d3a0: 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 ole... (native p\n-0000d3b0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 latform console)\n-0000d3c0: 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 , ...serial... (\n-0000d3d0: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 serial terminal)\n-0000d3e0: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c ,. ...serial\n-0000d3f0: 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 7365 7269 _... (seri\n-0000d400: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 al terminal with\n-0000d410: 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 explicit port s\n-0000d420: 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 election),. \n-0000d430: e280 9861 745f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 ...at_keyboard..\n-0000d440: 9920 2850 4320 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 . (PC AT keyboar\n-0000d450: 6429 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 7573 625f 6b65 d), or ...usb_ke\n-0000d460: 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2855 5342 206b yboard... (USB k\n-0000d470: 6579 626f 6172 640a 2020 2020 2075 7369 eyboard. usi\n-0000d480: 6e67 2074 6865 2048 4944 2042 6f6f 7420 ng the HID Boot \n-0000d490: 5072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 666f 7220 6361 Protocol, for ca\n-0000d4a0: 7365 7320 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 6669 ses where the fi\n-0000d4b0: 726d 7761 7265 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 740a rmware does not.\n-0000d4c0: 2020 2020 2068 616e 646c 6520 7468 6973 handle this\n-0000d4d0: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 )... The def\n-0000d4e0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 ault is to use t\n-0000d4f0: 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 he platform's na\n-0000d500: 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e tive terminal in\n-0000d510: 7075 742e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5445 put......GRUB_TE\n-0000d520: 524d 494e 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 8099 RMINAL_OUTPUT...\n-0000d530: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 . Select the\n-0000d540: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 terminal output\n-0000d550: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 596f 7520 6d61 device. You ma\n-0000d560: 7920 7365 6c65 6374 206d 756c 7469 706c y select multipl\n-0000d570: 6520 6465 7669 6365 730a 2020 2020 2068 e devices. h\n-0000d580: 6572 652c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 ere, separated b\n-0000d590: 7920 7370 6163 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 y spaces... \n-0000d5a0: 5661 6c69 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f Valid terminal o\n-0000d5b0: 7574 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 utput names depe\n-0000d5c0: 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f nd on the platfo\n-0000d5d0: 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c rm, but may incl\n-0000d5e0: 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 ude. ...cons\n-0000d5f0: 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 ole... (native p\n-0000d600: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 latform console)\n-0000d610: 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 , ...serial... (\n-0000d620: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 serial terminal)\n-0000d630: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c ,. ...serial\n-0000d640: 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 7365 7269 _... (seri\n-0000d650: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 al terminal with\n-0000d660: 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 explicit port s\n-0000d670: 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 election),. \n-0000d680: e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 2867 ...gfxterm... (g\n-0000d690: 7261 7068 6963 732d 6d6f 6465 206f 7574 raphics-mode out\n-0000d6a0: 7075 7429 2c20 e280 9876 6761 5f74 6578 put), ...vga_tex\n-0000d6b0: 74e2 8099 2028 5647 4120 7465 7874 206f t... (VGA text o\n-0000d6c0: 7574 7075 7429 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 utput),. ...\n-0000d6d0: 6d64 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 284d 4441 mda_text... (MDA\n-0000d6e0: 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 292c 20e2 text output), .\n-0000d6f0: 8098 6d6f 7273 65e2 8099 2028 4d6f 7273 ..morse... (Mors\n-0000d700: 652d 636f 6469 6e67 2075 7369 6e67 2073 e-coding using s\n-0000d710: 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2062 6565 7065 ystem. beepe\n-0000d720: 7229 206f 7220 e280 9873 706b 6d6f 6465 r) or ...spkmode\n-0000d730: 6de2 8099 2028 7369 6d70 6c65 2064 6174 m... (simple dat\n-0000d740: 6120 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2075 7369 6e67 a protocol using\n-0000d750: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7370 6561 6b65 7229 system speaker)\n-0000d760: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 706b 6d6f ... ...spkmo\n-0000d770: 6465 6de2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c dem... is useful\n-0000d780: 2077 6865 6e20 6e6f 2073 6572 6961 6c20 when no serial \n-0000d790: 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c port is availabl\n-0000d7a0: 652e 2020 436f 6e6e 6563 7420 7468 650a e. Connect the.\n-0000d7b0: 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 7420 6f66 2073 output of s\n-0000d7c0: 656e 6469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2877 ending system (w\n-0000d7d0: 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 6973 2072 756e here GRUB is run\n-0000d7e0: 6e69 6e67 2920 746f 206c 696e 652d 696e ning) to line-in\n-0000d7f0: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2072 6563 6569 7669 of. receivi\n-0000d800: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2875 7375 616c ng system (usual\n-0000d810: 6c79 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 206d 6163 ly developer mac\n-0000d820: 6869 6e65 292e 2020 4f6e 2072 6563 6569 hine). On recei\n-0000d830: 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 ving system. \n-0000d840: 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d compile ...spkm\n-0000d850: 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 76e2 8099 2066 726f odem-recv... fro\n-0000d860: 6d20 e280 9875 7469 6c2f 7370 6b6d 6f64 m ...util/spkmod\n-0000d870: 656d 2d72 6563 762e 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 em-recv.c... and\n-0000d880: 2072 756e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 run:.. \n-0000d890: 2070 6172 6563 6f72 6420 2d2d 6368 616e parecord --chan\n-0000d8a0: 6e65 6c73 3d31 202d 2d72 6174 653d 3438 nels=1 --rate=48\n-0000d8b0: 3030 3020 2d2d 666f 726d 6174 3d73 3136 000 --format=s16\n-0000d8c0: 6c65 207c 202e 2f73 706b 6d6f 6465 6d2d le | ./spkmodem-\n-0000d8d0: 7265 6376 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 recv.. The d\n-0000d8e0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 7365 efault is to use\n-0000d8f0: 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 the platform's \n-0000d900: 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 native terminal \n-0000d910: 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 output......GRUB\n-0000d920: 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4ce2 8099 0a20 2020 _TERMINAL.... \n-0000d930: 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e If this option\n-0000d940: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6f76 6572 is set, it over\n-0000d950: 7269 6465 7320 626f 7468 20e2 8098 4752 rides both ...GR\n-0000d960: 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 UB_TERMINAL_INPU\n-0000d970: 54e2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 T... and. ..\n-0000d980: 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f4f .GRUB_TERMINAL_O\n-0000d990: 5554 5055 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 6520 UTPUT... to the \n-0000d9a0: 7361 6d65 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0ae2 8098 same value......\n-0000d9b0: 4752 5542 5f53 4552 4941 4c5f 434f 4d4d GRUB_SERIAL_COMM\n-0000d9c0: 414e 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4120 636f AND.... A co\n-0000d9d0: 6d6d 616e 6420 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 mmand to configu\n-0000d9e0: 7265 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f re the serial po\n-0000d9f0: 7274 2077 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 rt when using th\n-0000da00: 6520 7365 7269 616c 0a20 2020 2020 636f e serial. co\n-0000da10: 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 7365 nsole. *Note se\n-0000da20: 7269 616c 3a3a 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 rial::. Default\n-0000da30: 7320 746f 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c e280 s to ...serial..\n-0000da40: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c .......GRUB_CMDL\n-0000da50: 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 0a20 2020 INE_LINUX.... \n-0000da60: 2020 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 Command-line a\n-0000da70: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f20 6164 6420 rguments to add \n-0000da80: 746f 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 to menu entries \n-0000da90: 666f 7220 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 for the Linux ke\n-0000daa0: 726e 656c 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 rnel......GRUB_C\n-0000dab0: 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 MDLINE_LINUX_DEF\n-0000dac0: 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 6e6c AULT.... Unl\n-0000dad0: 6573 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 ess ...GRUB_DISA\n-0000dae0: 424c 455f 5245 434f 5645 5259 e280 9920 BLE_RECOVERY... \n-0000daf0: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 is set to ...tru\n-0000db00: 65e2 8099 2c20 7477 6f20 6d65 6e75 2065 e..., two menu e\n-0000db10: 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c ntries. will\n-0000db20: 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 666f be generated fo\n-0000db30: 7220 6561 6368 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 r each Linux ker\n-0000db40: 6e65 6c3a 206f 6e65 2064 6566 6175 6c74 nel: one default\n-0000db50: 2065 6e74 7279 2061 6e64 206f 6e65 0a20 entry and one. \n-0000db60: 2020 2020 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 7265 entry for re\n-0000db70: 636f 7665 7279 206d 6f64 652e 2020 5468 covery mode. Th\n-0000db80: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6c69 7374 7320 is option lists \n-0000db90: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 7267 command-line arg\n-0000dba0: 756d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2061 uments. to a\n-0000dbb0: 6464 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2074 6865 2064 dd only to the d\n-0000dbc0: 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 efault menu entr\n-0000dbd0: 792c 2061 6674 6572 2074 686f 7365 206c y, after those l\n-0000dbe0: 6973 7465 6420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 isted in. ..\n-0000dbf0: 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 .GRUB_CMDLINE_LI\n-0000dc00: 4e55 58e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 NUX.........GRUB\n-0000dc10: 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f52 _CMDLINE_LINUX_R\n-0000dc20: 4543 4f56 4552 59e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ECOVERY.... \n-0000dc30: 556e 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 Unless ...GRUB_D\n-0000dc40: 4953 4142 4c45 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 59e2 ISABLE_RECOVERY.\n-0000dc50: 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 .. is set to ...\n-0000dc60: 7472 7565 e280 992c 2074 776f 206d 656e true..., two men\n-0000dc70: 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 2020 2077 u entries. w\n-0000dc80: 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 ill be generated\n-0000dc90: 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 4c69 6e75 7820 for each Linux \n-0000dca0: 6b65 726e 656c 3a20 6f6e 6520 6465 6661 kernel: one defa\n-0000dcb0: 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 616e 6420 6f6e ult entry and on\n-0000dcc0: 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 e. entry for\n-0000dcd0: 2072 6563 6f76 6572 7920 6d6f 6465 2e20 recovery mode. \n-0000dce0: 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206c 6973 This option lis\n-0000dcf0: 7473 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 ts command-line \n-0000dd00: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2074 arguments. t\n-0000dd10: 6f20 6164 6420 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 o add only to th\n-0000dd20: 6520 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 656e 7520 e recovery menu \n-0000dd30: 656e 7472 792c 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 entry, before th\n-0000dd40: 6f73 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 ose listed in. \n-0000dd50: 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 ...GRUB_CMDLI\n-0000dd60: 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 992e 2020 5468 NE_LINUX.... Th\n-0000dd70: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 e default is ...\n-0000dd80: 7369 6e67 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 single.........G\n-0000dd90: 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4e45 5442 RUB_CMDLINE_NETB\n-0000dda0: 5344 e280 990a e280 9847 5255 425f 434d SD.......GRUB_CM\n-0000ddb0: 444c 494e 455f 4e45 5442 5344 5f44 4546 DLINE_NETBSD_DEF\n-0000ddc0: 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 2041 7320 AULT.... As \n-0000ddd0: e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f ...GRUB_CMDLINE_\n-0000dde0: 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 LINUX... and ...\n-0000ddf0: 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e GRUB_CMDLINE_LIN\n-0000de00: 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 992c 2062 UX_DEFAULT..., b\n-0000de10: 7574 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 4e65 7442 ut for. NetB\n-0000de20: 5344 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 SD......GRUB_CMD\n-0000de30: 4c49 4e45 5f47 4e55 4d41 4348 e280 990a LINE_GNUMACH....\n-0000de40: 2020 2020 2041 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f As ...GRUB_\n-0000de50: 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 CMDLINE_LINUX...\n-0000de60: 2c20 6275 7420 666f 7220 474e 5520 4d61 , but for GNU Ma\n-0000de70: 6368 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 ch......GRUB_CMD\n-0000de80: 4c49 4e45 5f58 454e e280 990a e280 9847 LINE_XEN.......G\n-0000de90: 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 5845 4e5f RUB_CMDLINE_XEN_\n-0000dea0: 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 DEFAULT.... \n-0000deb0: 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6573 206f 6620 7468 The values of th\n-0000dec0: 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 ese options are \n-0000ded0: 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 5865 6e20 6879 passed to Xen hy\n-0000dee0: 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2058 656e 206d 656e pervisor Xen men\n-0000def0: 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 u. entries, \n-0000df00: 666f 7220 616c 6c20 7265 7370 6563 7469 for all respecti\n-0000df10: 7665 6c79 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 656e 7472 vely normal entr\n-0000df20: 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 434d ies......GRUB_CM\n-0000df30: 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5845 4e5f DLINE_LINUX_XEN_\n-0000df40: 5245 504c 4143 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 REPLACE.......GR\n-0000df50: 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_CMDLINE_LINUX\n-0000df60: 5f58 454e 5f52 4550 4c41 4345 5f44 4546 _XEN_REPLACE_DEF\n-0000df70: 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 AULT.... 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N\n-0000e580: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ormally, ...grub\n-0000e590: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2077 696c -mkconfig... wil\n-0000e5a0: 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d 656e 7520 l generate menu \n-0000e5b0: 656e 7472 6965 7320 7468 6174 2075 7365 entries that use\n-0000e5c0: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c . universall\n-0000e5d0: 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 6465 6e74 6966 y-unique identif\n-0000e5e0: 6965 7273 2028 5555 4944 7329 2074 6f20 iers (UUIDs) to \n-0000e5f0: 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 6f6f identify the roo\n-0000e600: 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 t. filesyste\n-0000e610: 6d20 746f 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b m to the Linux k\n-0000e620: 6572 6e65 6c2c 2075 7369 6e67 2061 20e2 ernel, using a .\n-0000e630: 8098 726f 6f74 3d55 5549 443d 2e2e 2ee2 ..root=UUID=....\n-0000e640: 8099 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2070 .. kernel. p\n-0000e650: 6172 616d 6574 6572 2e20 2054 6869 7320 arameter. This \n-0000e660: 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206d 6f72 6520 is usually more \n-0000e670: 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 696e reliable, but in\n-0000e680: 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 7320 6974 206d some cases it m\n-0000e690: 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 ay. not be a\n-0000e6a0: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2e20 2054 6f20 ppropriate. To \n-0000e6b0: 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 7573 6520 disable the use \n-0000e6c0: 6f66 2055 5549 4473 2c20 7365 7420 7468 of UUIDs, set th\n-0000e6d0: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 is option. t\n-0000e6e0: 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 o ...true.......\n-0000e6f0: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c ..GRUB_DISABLE_L\n-0000e700: 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 44e2 8099 INUX_PARTUUID...\n-0000e710: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6772 7562 . If ...grub\n-0000e720: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 616e -mkconfig... can\n-0000e730: 6e6f 7420 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 not identify the\n-0000e740: 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d root filesystem\n-0000e750: 2076 6961 2069 7473 0a20 2020 2020 756e via its. un\n-0000e760: 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 iversally-unique\n-0000e770: 2069 6e64 656e 7469 6669 6572 2028 5555 indentifier (UU\n-0000e780: 4944 292c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 ID), ...grub-mkc\n-0000e790: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 616e 2075 7365 onfig... can use\n-0000e7a0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5555 4944 206f the. UUID o\n-0000e7b0: 6620 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 f the partition \n-0000e7c0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2066 containing the f\n-0000e7d0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2069 6465 ilesystem to ide\n-0000e7e0: 6e74 6966 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 ntify the. r\n-0000e7f0: 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 oot filesystem t\n-0000e800: 6f20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e o the Linux kern\n-0000e810: 656c 2076 6961 2061 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 el via a ...root\n-0000e820: 3d50 4152 5455 5549 443d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 =PARTUUID=......\n-0000e830: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2070 6172 . kernel par\n-0000e840: 616d 6574 6572 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 ameter. This is\n-0000e850: 206e 6f74 2061 7320 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 not as reliable\n-0000e860: 2061 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 as using the fi\n-0000e870: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 5555 lesystem. UU\n-0000e880: 4944 2c20 6275 7420 6973 206d 6f72 6520 ID, but is more \n-0000e890: 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2074 6861 6e20 7573 reliable than us\n-0000e8a0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6465 ing the Linux de\n-0000e8b0: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2057 6865 vice names. Whe\n-0000e8c0: 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 n. ...GRUB_D\n-0000e8d0: 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 ISABLE_LINUX_PAR\n-0000e8e0: 5455 5549 44e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 TUUID... is set \n-0000e8f0: 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 2c20 to ...false..., \n-0000e900: 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c the Linux kernel\n-0000e910: 0a20 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6d75 . version mu\n-0000e920: 7374 2062 6520 322e 362e 3337 2028 332e st be 2.6.37 (3.\n-0000e930: 3130 2066 6f72 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2075 10 for systems u\n-0000e940: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 204d 5344 4f53 2070 sing the MSDOS p\n-0000e950: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 artition. sc\n-0000e960: 6865 6d65 2920 6f72 206e 6577 6572 2e20 heme) or newer. \n-0000e970: 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2064 6566 This option def\n-0000e980: 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 aults to ...true\n-0000e990: e280 992e 2020 546f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 .... 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S\n-0000ebc0: 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 etting this opti\n-0000ebd0: 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7472 on to. ...tr\n-0000ebe0: 7565 e280 992c 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f ue..., will also\n-0000ebf0: 2073 6574 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e73 set the options\n-0000ec00: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 ...GRUB_DISABLE\n-0000ec10: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 5549 44e2 8099 2061 _LINUX_UUID... a\n-0000ec20: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f nd. ...GRUB_\n-0000ec30: 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 DISABLE_LINUX_PA\n-0000ec40: 5254 5555 4944 e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 RTUUID... to ...\n-0000ec50: 7472 7565 e280 992c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 true..., unless \n-0000ec60: 7468 6579 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 0a20 they have been. \n-0000ec70: 2020 2020 6578 706c 6963 696c 7479 2073 explicilty s\n-0000ec80: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9866 616c 7365 e280 et to ...false..\n-0000ec90: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5649 4445 .......GRUB_VIDE\n-0000eca0: 4f5f 4241 434b 454e 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 O_BACKEND.... \n-0000ecb0: 2020 4966 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 2076 If graphical v\n-0000ecc0: 6964 656f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 ideo support is \n-0000ecd0: 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 6569 7468 6572 required, either\n-0000ece0: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 because the. \n-0000ecf0: 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 ...gfxterm... \n-0000ed00: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e graphical termin\n-0000ed10: 616c 2069 7320 696e 2075 7365 206f 7220 al is in use or \n-0000ed20: 6265 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 because. ...\n-0000ed30: 4752 5542 5f47 4658 5041 594c 4f41 445f GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_\n-0000ed40: 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 742c LINUX... is set,\n-0000ed50: 2074 6865 6e20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b then ...grub-mk\n-0000ed60: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 206e config... will n\n-0000ed70: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 ormally. loa\n-0000ed80: 6420 616c 6c20 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 d all available \n-0000ed90: 4752 5542 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 7665 GRUB video drive\n-0000eda0: 7273 2061 6e64 2075 7365 2074 6865 206f rs and use the o\n-0000edb0: 6e65 206d 6f73 740a 2020 2020 2061 7070 ne most. app\n-0000edc0: 726f 7072 6961 7465 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 ropriate for you\n-0000edd0: 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 2e20 2049 6620 r hardware. If \n-0000ede0: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6f76 6572 you need to over\n-0000edf0: 7269 6465 2074 6869 7320 666f 720a 2020 ride this for. \n-0000ee00: 2020 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 2c20 some reason, \n-0000ee10: 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 6574 then you can set\n-0000ee20: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 this option... \n-0000ee30: 2020 2020 4166 7465 7220 e280 9867 7275 After ...gru\n-0000ee40: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2068 6173 b-install... has\n-0000ee50: 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6e2c 2074 6865 2061 been run, the a\n-0000ee60: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 656f 2064 vailable video d\n-0000ee70: 7269 7665 7273 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 rivers are. \n-0000ee80: 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 e280 982f 626f listed in .../bo\n-0000ee90: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 7669 6465 6f2e 6c73 ot/grub/video.ls\n-0000eea0: 74e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 t.........GRUB_G\n-0000eeb0: 4658 4d4f 4445 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 FXMODE.... 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The defaul\n-0000efc0: 7420 6973 20e2 8098 6175 746f e280 992c t is ...auto...,\n-0000efd0: 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 7472 6965 which. trie\n-0000efe0: 7320 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 6120 7072 s to select a pr\n-0000eff0: 6566 6572 7265 6420 7265 736f 6c75 7469 eferred resoluti\n-0000f000: 6f6e 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2067 6678 6d6f on. *Note gfxmo\n-0000f010: 6465 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 de::......GRUB_B\n-0000f020: 4143 4b47 524f 554e 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 ACKGROUND.... \n-0000f030: 2020 5365 7420 6120 6261 636b 6772 6f75 Set a backgrou\n-0000f040: 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2075 7365 nd image for use\n-0000f050: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 9867 6678 with the ...gfx\n-0000f060: 7465 726d e280 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 term... graphica\n-0000f070: 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e l. terminal.\n-0000f080: 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 The value of t\n-0000f090: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 7573 7420 his option must \n-0000f0a0: 6265 2061 2066 696c 6520 7265 6164 6162 be a file readab\n-0000f0b0: 6c65 2062 7920 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 le by GRUB. \n-0000f0c0: 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 616e at boot time, an\n-0000f0d0: 6420 6974 206d 7573 7420 656e 6420 7769 d it must end wi\n-0000f0e0: 7468 20e2 8098 2e70 6e67 e280 992c 20e2 th ....png..., .\n-0000f0f0: 8098 2e74 6761 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2e6a ...tga..., ....j\n-0000f100: 7067 e280 992c 206f 720a 2020 2020 20e2 pg..., or. .\n-0000f110: 8098 2e6a 7065 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 ...jpeg.... The\n-0000f120: 2069 6d61 6765 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 image will be s\n-0000f130: 6361 6c65 6420 6966 206e 6563 6573 7361 caled if necessa\n-0000f140: 7279 2074 6f20 6669 7420 7468 6520 7363 ry to fit the sc\n-0000f150: 7265 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6d61 6765 reen.. Image\n-0000f160: 2068 6569 6768 7420 616e 6420 7769 6474 height and widt\n-0000f170: 6820 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 7374 7269 h will be restri\n-0000f180: 6374 6564 2062 7920 616e 2061 7274 6966 cted by an artif\n-0000f190: 6963 6961 6c20 6c69 6d69 7420 6f66 0a20 icial limit of. \n-0000f1a0: 2020 2020 3136 3338 342e 0a0a e280 9847 16384......G\n-0000f1b0: 5255 425f 5448 454d 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 RUB_THEME.... \n-0000f1c0: 2020 5365 7420 6120 7468 656d 6520 666f Set a theme fo\n-0000f1d0: 7220 7573 6520 7769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 r use with the .\n-0000f1e0: 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 2067 7261 ..gfxterm... gra\n-0000f1f0: 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e phical terminal.\n-0000f200: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4746 5850 4159 .....GRUB_GFXPAY\n-0000f210: 4c4f 4144 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 990a 2020 LOAD_LINUX.... \n-0000f220: 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 6578 Set to ...tex\n-0000f230: 74e2 8099 2074 6f20 666f 7263 6520 7468 t... to force th\n-0000f240: 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2074 e Linux kernel t\n-0000f250: 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c o boot in normal\n-0000f260: 2074 6578 740a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 652c text. mode,\n-0000f270: 20e2 8098 6b65 6570 e280 9920 746f 2070 ...keep... to p\n-0000f280: 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 6772 6170 reserve the grap\n-0000f290: 6869 6373 206d 6f64 6520 7365 7420 7573 hics mode set us\n-0000f2a0: 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 ing. ...GRUB\n-0000f2b0: 5f47 4658 4d4f 4445 e280 992c 20e2 8098 _GFXMODE..., ...\n-0000f2c0: 5749 4454 4878 4845 4947 4854 e280 995b WIDTHxHEIGHT...[\n-0000f2d0: e280 9878 4445 5054 48e2 8099 5d20 746f ...xDEPTH...] to\n-0000f2e0: 2073 6574 2061 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 set a particula\n-0000f2f0: 720a 2020 2020 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 r. graphics \n-0000f300: 6d6f 6465 2c20 6f72 2061 2073 6571 7565 mode, or a seque\n-0000f310: 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2073 6570 nce of these sep\n-0000f320: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 636f 6d6d 6173 arated by commas\n-0000f330: 206f 720a 2020 2020 2073 656d 6963 6f6c or. semicol\n-0000f340: 6f6e 7320 746f 2074 7279 2073 6576 6572 ons to try sever\n-0000f350: 616c 206d 6f64 6573 2069 6e20 7365 7175 al modes in sequ\n-0000f360: 656e 6365 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2067 6678 ence. *Note gfx\n-0000f370: 7061 796c 6f61 643a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 payload::... \n-0000f380: 2044 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 796f Depending on yo\n-0000f390: 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 6f75 7220 ur kernel, your \n-0000f3a0: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 796f distribution, yo\n-0000f3b0: 7572 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 ur graphics card\n-0000f3c0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 ,. and the p\n-0000f3d0: 6861 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 6f6e hase of the moon\n-0000f3e0: 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7573 696e , note that usin\n-0000f3f0: 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 g this option ma\n-0000f400: 7920 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 2047 4e55 y cause. GNU\n-0000f410: 2f4c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 7375 6666 6572 /Linux to suffer\n-0000f420: 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6469 from various di\n-0000f430: 7370 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 splay problems, \n-0000f440: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 0a20 2020 particularly. \n-0000f450: 2020 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6172 during the ear\n-0000f460: 6c79 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2062 ly part of the b\n-0000f470: 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 2049 oot sequence. I\n-0000f480: 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2070 726f 626c f you have probl\n-0000f490: 656d 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 ems,. set th\n-0000f4a0: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 is option to ...\n-0000f4b0: 7465 7874 e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 text... and GRUB\n-0000f4c0: 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c 696e 7578 will tell Linux\n-0000f4d0: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 to boot in. \n-0000f4e0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 normal text mod\n-0000f4f0: 652e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 e......GRUB_DISA\n-0000f500: 424c 455f 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 52e2 8099 BLE_OS_PROBER...\n-0000f510: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9867 7275 . The ...gru\n-0000f520: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6861 b-mkconfig... ha\n-0000f530: 7320 6120 6665 6174 7572 6520 746f 2075 s a feature to u\n-0000f540: 7365 2074 6865 2065 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 se the external \n-0000f550: e280 986f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 e280 990a ...os-prober....\n-0000f560: 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 616d 2074 6f20 program to \n-0000f570: 6469 7363 6f76 6572 206f 7468 6572 206f discover other o\n-0000f580: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n-0000f590: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206f 6e20 7468 installed on th\n-0000f5a0: 6520 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 e same. mach\n-0000f5b0: 696e 6520 616e 6420 6765 6e65 7261 7465 ine and generate\n-0000f5c0: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 206d 656e appropriate men\n-0000f5d0: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 u entries for th\n-0000f5e0: 656d 2e20 2049 7420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 em. It is. \n-0000f5f0: 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 disabled by defa\n-0000f600: 756c 7420 7369 6e63 6520 6175 746f 6d61 ult since automa\n-0000f610: 7469 6320 616e 6420 7369 6c65 6e74 2065 tic and silent e\n-0000f620: 7865 6375 7469 6f6e 206f 660a 2020 2020 xecution of. \n-0000f630: 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 ...os-prober...\n-0000f640: 2c20 616e 6420 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2062 , and creating b\n-0000f650: 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 6965 7320 6261 7365 oot entries base\n-0000f660: 6420 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 6461 7461 2c20 d on that data, \n-0000f670: 6973 2061 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7465 6e74 is a. potent\n-0000f680: 6961 6c20 6174 7461 636b 2076 6563 746f ial attack vecto\n-0000f690: 722e 2020 5365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 r. Set this opt\n-0000f6a0: 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 ion to ...false.\n-0000f6b0: 8099 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2074 6869 .. to enable thi\n-0000f6c0: 730a 2020 2020 2066 6561 7475 7265 2069 s. feature i\n-0000f6d0: 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b n the ...grub-mk\n-0000f6e0: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e config... comman\n-0000f6f0: 642e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4f53 5f50 d......GRUB_OS_P\n-0000f700: 524f 4245 525f 534b 4950 5f4c 4953 54e2 ROBER_SKIP_LIST.\n-0000f710: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 6620 ... List of \n-0000f720: 7370 6163 652d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 space-separated \n-0000f730: 4653 2055 5549 4473 206f 6620 6669 6c65 FS UUIDs of file\n-0000f740: 7379 7374 656d 7320 746f 2062 6520 6967 systems to be ig\n-0000f750: 6e6f 7265 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 nored from. \n-0000f760: 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 6f75 7470 7574 os-prober output\n-0000f770: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 6669 2063 6861 696e . For efi chain\n-0000f780: 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6974 2773 203c 5555 loaders it's @..\n-0000f7a0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f ...GRUB_DISABLE_\n-0000f7b0: 5355 424d 454e 55e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 SUBMENU.... \n-0000f7c0: 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 e280 9867 7275 Normally, ...gru\n-0000f7d0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 b-mkconfig... wi\n-0000f7e0: 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 746f 7020 ll generate top \n-0000f7f0: 6c65 7665 6c20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 level menu entry\n-0000f800: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6b65 for. the ke\n-0000f810: 726e 656c 2077 6974 6820 6869 6768 6573 rnel with highes\n-0000f820: 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 t version number\n-0000f830: 2061 6e64 2070 7574 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 and put all oth\n-0000f840: 6572 2066 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 er found. ke\n-0000f850: 726e 656c 7320 6f72 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 rnels or alterna\n-0000f860: 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 tive menu entrie\n-0000f870: 7320 666f 7220 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d s for recovery m\n-0000f880: 6f64 6520 696e 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e0a ode in submenu..\n-0000f890: 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 6e74 7269 6573 For entries\n-0000f8a0: 2072 6574 7572 6e65 6420 6279 20e2 8098 returned by ...\n-0000f8b0: 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 2066 6972 os-prober... fir\n-0000f8c0: 7374 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 st entry will be\n-0000f8d0: 2070 7574 206f 6e20 746f 700a 2020 2020 put on top. \n-0000f8e0: 206c 6576 656c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 206f level and all o\n-0000f8f0: 7468 6572 7320 696e 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 thers in submenu\n-0000f900: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f . If this optio\n-0000f910: 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 n is set to ...t\n-0000f920: 7275 65e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 2066 6c61 rue...,. fla\n-0000f930: 7420 6d65 6e75 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 t menu with all \n-0000f940: 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6f70 206c entries on top l\n-0000f950: 6576 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e evel will be gen\n-0000f960: 6572 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e0a erated instead..\n-0000f970: 2020 2020 2043 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 Changing th\n-0000f980: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2072 is option will r\n-0000f990: 6571 7569 7265 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 equire changing \n-0000f9a0: 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2076 616c 7565 7320 existing values \n-0000f9b0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f of. ...GRUB_\n-0000f9c0: 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 2c20 e280 9866 DEFAULT..., ...f\n-0000f9d0: 616c 6c62 6163 6be2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 allback... 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Note that in\n-0000fb70: 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2075 6e61 7474 this case unatt\n-0000fb80: 656e 6465 6420 626f 6f74 2069 7320 6e6f ended boot is no\n-0000fb90: 740a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 t. possible \n-0000fba0: 6265 6361 7573 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c because GRUB wil\n-0000fbb0: 6c20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2070 6173 7370 l wait for passp\n-0000fbc0: 6872 6173 6520 746f 2075 6e6c 6f63 6b20 hrase to unlock \n-0000fbd0: 656e 6372 7970 7465 640a 2020 2020 2063 encrypted. c\n-0000fbe0: 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 ontainer......GR\n-0000fbf0: 5542 5f49 4e49 545f 5455 4e45 e280 990a UB_INIT_TUNE....\n-0000fc00: 2020 2020 2050 6c61 7920 6120 7475 6e65 Play a tune\n-0000fc10: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6561 6b65 7220 on the speaker \n-0000fc20: 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 7374 6172 7473 when GRUB starts\n-0000fc30: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2070 6172 7469 . 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If t\n-0000fe30: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 his option is se\n-0000fe40: 742c 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 t, it overrides \n-0000fe50: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7265 636f the default reco\n-0000fe60: 7264 6661 696c 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2e0a rdfail setting..\n-0000fe70: 2020 2020 2041 2073 6574 7469 6e67 206f A setting o\n-0000fe80: 6620 2d31 2063 6175 7365 7320 4752 5542 f -1 causes GRUB\n-0000fe90: 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2075 7365 to wait for use\n-0000fea0: 7220 696e 7075 7420 696e 6465 6669 6e69 r input indefini\n-0000feb0: 7465 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2048 6f77 6576 tely.. 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Variant \n-000107b0: 6f66 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 of ...GRUB_HIDDE\n-000107c0: 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 7573 N_TIMEOUT..., us\n-000107d0: 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7665 ed to support ve\n-000107e0: 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 630a 2020 ndor-specific. \n-000107f0: 2020 2070 6f77 6572 2062 7574 746f 6e73 power buttons\n-00010800: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2056 656e 646f 7220 . *Note Vendor \n-00010810: 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a2e power-on keys::.\n-00010820: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 .. 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F\n-000108d0: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 6564 or more detailed\n-000108e0: 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7361 7469 6f6e 206f customisation o\n-000108f0: 6620 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 f ...grub-mkconf\n-00010900: 6967 e280 9927 7320 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 ig...'s output, \n-00010910: 796f 7520 6d61 790a 6564 6974 2074 6865 you may.edit the\n-00010920: 2073 6372 6970 7473 2069 6e20 e280 982f scripts in .../\n-00010930: 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 e280 9920 6469 etc/grub.d... di\n-00010940: 7265 6374 6c79 2e20 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 rectly. .../etc\n-00010950: 2f67 7275 622e 642f 3430 5f63 7573 746f /grub.d/40_custo\n-00010960: 6de2 8099 2069 730a 7061 7274 6963 756c m... is.particul\n-00010970: 6172 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 arly useful for \n-00010980: 6164 6469 6e67 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6375 adding entire cu\n-00010990: 7374 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 stom menu entrie\n-000109a0: 733b 2073 696d 706c 7920 7479 7065 0a74 s; simply type.t\n-000109b0: 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 he menu entries \n-000109c0: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 6164 6420 you want to add \n-000109d0: 6174 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 at the end of th\n-000109e0: 6174 2066 696c 652c 206d 616b 696e 6720 at file, making \n-000109f0: 7375 7265 2074 6f0a 6c65 6176 6520 6174 sure to.leave at\n-00010a00: 206c 6561 7374 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 least the first\n-00010a10: 2074 776f 206c 696e 6573 2069 6e74 6163 two lines intac\n-00010a20: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n-00010a30: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f .info, Node: Ro\n-00010a40: 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e ot Identifcation\n-00010a50: 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 732c 2020 4e65 Heuristics, Ne\n-00010a60: 7874 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 xt: Shell-like s\n-00010a70: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a cripting, Prev:\n-00010a80: 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple configur\n-00010a90: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6e66 ation, Up: Conf\n-00010aa0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 0a36 2e32 2052 iguration..6.2 R\n-00010ab0: 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f oot Identifcatio\n-00010ac0: 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 0a3d 3d3d n Heuristics.===\n+0000c090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+0000c0a0: 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 .The program ...\n+0000c0b0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+0000c0c0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 (*note Invoking\n+0000c0d0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a grub-mkconfig::\n+0000c0e0: 2920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 730a e280 9867 ) generates....g\n+0000c0f0: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2066 696c 6573 rub.cfg... files\n+0000c100: 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 6d6f suitable for mo\n+0000c110: 7374 2063 6173 6573 2e20 2049 7420 6973 st cases. It is\n+0000c120: 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 7573 suitable for us\n+0000c130: 6520 7768 656e 0a75 7067 7261 6469 6e67 e when.upgrading\n+0000c140: 2061 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2c a distribution,\n+0000c150: 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7363 6f76 and will discov\n+0000c160: 6572 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206b 6572 er available ker\n+0000c170: 6e65 6c73 2061 6e64 0a61 7474 656d 7074 nels and.attempt\n+0000c180: 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d 656e to generate men\n+0000c190: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 u entries for th\n+0000c1a0: 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d em... ...grub-\n+0000c1b0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 646f 6573 mkconfig... does\n+0000c1c0: 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 206c 696d 6974 have some limit\n+0000c1d0: 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 2057 6869 6c65 2061 ations. While a\n+0000c1e0: 6464 696e 6720 6578 7472 610a 6375 7374 dding extra.cust\n+0000c1f0: 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 om menu entries \n+0000c200: 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 to the end of th\n+0000c210: 6520 6c69 7374 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f e list can be do\n+0000c220: 6e65 2062 7920 6564 6974 696e 670a e280 ne by editing...\n+0000c230: 982f 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f ./etc/grub.d/40_\n+0000c240: 6375 7374 6f6d e280 9920 6f72 2063 7265 custom... or cre\n+0000c250: 6174 696e 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 ating .../boot/g\n+0000c260: 7275 622f 6375 7374 6f6d 2e63 6667 e280 rub/custom.cfg..\n+0000c270: 992c 2063 6861 6e67 696e 670a 7468 6520 ., changing.the \n+0000c280: 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e order of menu en\n+0000c290: 7472 6965 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 696e tries or changin\n+0000c2a0: 6720 7468 6569 7220 7469 746c 6573 206d g their titles m\n+0000c2b0: 6179 2072 6571 7569 7265 206d 616b 696e ay require makin\n+0000c2c0: 670a 636f 6d70 6c65 7820 6368 616e 6765 g.complex change\n+0000c2d0: 7320 746f 2073 6865 6c6c 2073 6372 6970 s to shell scrip\n+0000c2e0: 7473 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 8098 ts stored in ...\n+0000c2f0: 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f e280 992e /etc/grub.d/....\n+0000c300: 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 2062 650a 696d This may be.im\n+0000c310: 7072 6f76 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 proved in the fu\n+0000c320: 7475 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 ture. In the me\n+0000c330: 616e 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6f73 6520 7768 antime, those wh\n+0000c340: 6f20 6665 656c 2074 6861 7420 6974 2077 o feel that it w\n+0000c350: 6f75 6c64 0a62 6520 6561 7369 6572 2074 ould.be easier t\n+0000c360: 6f20 7772 6974 6520 e280 9867 7275 622e o write ...grub.\n+0000c370: 6366 67e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 cfg... directly \n+0000c380: 6172 6520 656e 636f 7572 6167 6564 2074 are encouraged t\n+0000c390: 6f20 646f 2073 6f20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a42 o do so (*note.B\n+0000c3a0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e ooting::, and *n\n+0000c3b0: 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 ote Shell-like s\n+0000c3c0: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 cripting::), and\n+0000c3d0: 2074 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 616e 7920 to disable any \n+0000c3e0: 7379 7374 656d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 6420 system.provided \n+0000c3f0: 6279 2074 6865 6972 2064 6973 7472 6962 by their distrib\n+0000c400: 7574 696f 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 ution to automat\n+0000c410: 6963 616c 6c79 2072 756e 20e2 8098 6772 ically run ...gr\n+0000c420: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2e0a ub-mkconfig.....\n+0000c430: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 . The file ...\n+0000c440: 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 /etc/default/gru\n+0000c450: 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7468 b... controls th\n+0000c460: 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 0ae2 e operation of..\n+0000c470: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n+0000c480: 8099 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2073 6f75 7263 ... It is sourc\n+0000c490: 6564 2062 7920 6120 7368 656c 6c20 7363 ed by a shell sc\n+0000c4a0: 7269 7074 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206d 7573 ript, and so mus\n+0000c4b0: 7420 6265 2076 616c 6964 0a50 4f53 4958 t be valid.POSIX\n+0000c4c0: 2073 6865 6c6c 2069 6e70 7574 3b20 6e6f shell input; no\n+0000c4d0: 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 rmally, it will \n+0000c4e0: 6a75 7374 2062 6520 6120 7365 7175 656e just be a sequen\n+0000c4f0: 6365 206f 6620 e280 984b 4559 3d76 616c ce of ...KEY=val\n+0000c500: 7565 e280 990a 6c69 6e65 732c 2062 7574 ue....lines, but\n+0000c510: 2069 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 636f if the value co\n+0000c520: 6e74 6169 6e73 2073 7061 6365 7320 6f72 ntains spaces or\n+0000c530: 206f 7468 6572 2073 7065 6369 616c 2063 other special c\n+0000c540: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 7468 656e 0a69 haracters then.i\n+0000c550: 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7175 6f74 6564 t must be quoted\n+0000c560: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a . For example:.\n+0000c570: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 . GRUB_TERMI\n+0000c580: 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 543d 2263 6f6e 736f NAL_INPUT=\"conso\n+0000c590: 6c65 2073 6572 6961 6c22 0a0a 2020 2056 le serial\".. V\n+0000c5a0: 616c 6964 206b 6579 7320 696e 20e2 8098 alid keys in ...\n+0000c5b0: 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 /etc/default/gru\n+0000c5c0: 62e2 8099 2061 7265 2061 7320 666f 6c6c b... are as foll\n+0000c5d0: 6f77 733a 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 ows:.....GRUB_DE\n+0000c5e0: 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 FAULT.... Th\n+0000c5f0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 e default menu e\n+0000c600: 6e74 7279 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 ntry. This may \n+0000c610: 6265 2061 206e 756d 6265 722c 2069 6e20 be a number, in \n+0000c620: 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 740a 2020 which case it. \n+0000c630: 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 7468 identifies th\n+0000c640: 6520 4e74 6820 656e 7472 7920 696e 2074 e Nth entry in t\n+0000c650: 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 206d 656e he generated men\n+0000c660: 7520 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 207a u counted from z\n+0000c670: 6572 6f2c 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 2074 6865 ero,. or the\n+0000c680: 2074 6974 6c65 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 title of a menu\n+0000c690: 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2073 entry, or the s\n+0000c6a0: 7065 6369 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 e280 pecial string ..\n+0000c6b0: 9873 6176 6564 e280 992e 2020 5573 696e .saved.... Usin\n+0000c6c0: 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2069 6420 6d61 g. the id ma\n+0000c6d0: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6966 2079 y be useful if y\n+0000c6e0: 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 2061 ou want to set a\n+0000c6f0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6173 2074 menu entry as t\n+0000c700: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 he default. \n+0000c710: 6576 656e 2074 686f 7567 6820 7468 6572 even though ther\n+0000c720: 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2076 6172 6961 e may be a varia\n+0000c730: 626c 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e ble number of en\n+0000c740: 7472 6965 7320 6265 666f 7265 2069 742e tries before it.\n+0000c750: 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 .. For examp\n+0000c760: 6c65 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 653a le, if you have:\n+0000c770: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n+0000c780: 2027 4578 616d 706c 6520 474e 552f 4c69 'Example GNU/Li\n+0000c790: 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e nux distribution\n+0000c7a0: 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 676e 752d 6c69 ' --class gnu-li\n+0000c7b0: 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 nux --id example\n+0000c7c0: 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 207b 0a20 2020 -gnu-linux {. \n+0000c7d0: 2020 092e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 ..... }.. \n+0000c7e0: 2020 2020 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e then you can\n+0000c7f0: 206d 616b 6520 7468 6973 2074 6865 2064 make this the d\n+0000c800: 6566 6175 6c74 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 efault using:.. \n+0000c810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 4445 GRUB_DE\n+0000c820: 4641 554c 543d 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e FAULT=example-gn\n+0000c830: 752d 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 u-linux.. Pr\n+0000c840: 6576 696f 7573 6c79 2069 7420 7761 7320 eviously it was \n+0000c850: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2074 6865 2077 documented the w\n+0000c860: 6179 2074 6f20 7573 6520 656e 7472 7920 ay to use entry \n+0000c870: 7469 746c 652e 2020 5768 696c 650a 2020 title. While. \n+0000c880: 2020 2074 6869 7320 7374 696c 6c20 776f this still wo\n+0000c890: 726b 7320 6974 2773 206e 6f74 2072 6563 rks it's not rec\n+0000c8a0: 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 2074 ommended since t\n+0000c8b0: 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 636f 6e74 itles often cont\n+0000c8c0: 6169 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 7461 626c ain. unstabl\n+0000c8d0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 2061 e device names a\n+0000c8e0: 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7472 616e 736c nd may be transl\n+0000c8f0: 6174 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f ated.. If yo\n+0000c900: 7520 7365 7420 7468 6973 2074 6f20 e280 u set this to ..\n+0000c910: 9873 6176 6564 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 .saved..., then \n+0000c920: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 the default menu\n+0000c930: 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 entry will be. \n+0000c940: 2020 2020 7468 6174 2073 6176 6564 2062 that saved b\n+0000c950: 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 4445 y ...GRUB_SAVEDE\n+0000c960: 4641 554c 54e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9867 FAULT... or ...g\n+0000c970: 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 rub-set-default.\n+0000c980: 8099 2e20 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 2072 ... This. r\n+0000c990: 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 elies on the env\n+0000c9a0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 ironment block, \n+0000c9b0: 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 which may not be\n+0000c9c0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 616c available in al\n+0000c9d0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e l. situation\n+0000c9e0: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e s (*note Environ\n+0000c9f0: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a ment block::)...\n+0000ca00: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 The default\n+0000ca10: 2069 7320 e280 9830 e280 992e 0a0a e280 is ...0........\n+0000ca20: 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c .GRUB_SAVEDEFAUL\n+0000ca30: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 T.... If thi\n+0000ca40: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 s option is set \n+0000ca50: 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2074 to ...true..., t\n+0000ca60: 6865 6e2c 2077 6865 6e20 616e 2065 6e74 hen, when an ent\n+0000ca70: 7279 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c0a ry is selected,.\n+0000ca80: 2020 2020 2073 6176 6520 6974 2061 7320 save it as \n+0000ca90: 6120 6e65 7720 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e a new default en\n+0000caa0: 7472 7920 666f 7220 7573 6520 6279 2066 try for use by f\n+0000cab0: 7574 7572 6520 7275 6e73 206f 6620 4752 uture runs of GR\n+0000cac0: 5542 2e20 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6973 UB. This. is\n+0000cad0: 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 2069 6620 only useful if \n+0000cae0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d ...GRUB_DEFAULT=\n+0000caf0: 7361 7665 64e2 8099 3b20 6974 2069 7320 saved...; it is \n+0000cb00: 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 206f 7074 696f a separate optio\n+0000cb10: 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6563 6175 7365 20e2 n. because .\n+0000cb20: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 3d73 ..GRUB_DEFAULT=s\n+0000cb30: 6176 6564 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 6675 aved... is usefu\n+0000cb40: 6c20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6973 206f l without this o\n+0000cb50: 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 ption, in. c\n+0000cb60: 6f6e 6a75 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 onjunction with \n+0000cb70: e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 ...grub-set-defa\n+0000cb80: 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 2055 6e73 6574 2062 ult.... Unset b\n+0000cb90: 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 2020 5468 6973 y default. This\n+0000cba0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2072 656c . option rel\n+0000cbb0: 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 ies on the envir\n+0000cbc0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 onment block, wh\n+0000cbd0: 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 ich may not be a\n+0000cbe0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 696e vailable. in\n+0000cbf0: 2061 6c6c 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 all situations \n+0000cc00: 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 (*note Environme\n+0000cc10: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a e280 nt block::).....\n+0000cc20: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 .GRUB_TIMEOUT...\n+0000cc30: 0a20 2020 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 . Boot the d\n+0000cc40: 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6869 efault entry thi\n+0000cc50: 7320 6d61 6e79 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2061 s many seconds a\n+0000cc60: 6674 6572 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 fter the menu is\n+0000cc70: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642c . displayed,\n+0000cc80: 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6120 6b65 7920 6973 unless a key is\n+0000cc90: 2070 7265 7373 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2064 pressed. The d\n+0000cca0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9835 e280 efault is ...5..\n+0000ccb0: 992e 2020 5365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 .. Set to. \n+0000ccc0: e280 9830 e280 9920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 ...0... to boot \n+0000ccd0: 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 7920 7769 7468 immediately with\n+0000cce0: 6f75 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 out displaying t\n+0000ccf0: 6865 206d 656e 752c 206f 7220 746f 20e2 he menu, or to .\n+0000cd00: 8098 2d31 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ..-1... to. \n+0000cd10: 7761 6974 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 656c wait indefinitel\n+0000cd20: 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 9847 y... If ...G\n+0000cd30: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c RUB_TIMEOUT_STYL\n+0000cd40: 45e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 E... is set to .\n+0000cd50: 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f ..countdown... o\n+0000cd60: 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 r ...hidden..., \n+0000cd70: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 696d 656f 7574 the. timeout\n+0000cd80: 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 636f 756e is instead coun\n+0000cd90: 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 206d ted before the m\n+0000cda0: 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 enu is displayed\n+0000cdb0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f ......GRUB_TIMEO\n+0000cdc0: 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 UT_STYLE.... \n+0000cdd0: 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 If this option \n+0000cde0: 6973 2075 6e73 6574 206f 7220 7365 7420 is unset or set \n+0000cdf0: 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 992c 2074 to ...menu..., t\n+0000ce00: 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6469 hen GRUB will di\n+0000ce10: 7370 6c61 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d splay. the m\n+0000ce20: 656e 7520 616e 6420 7468 656e 2077 6169 enu and then wai\n+0000ce30: 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 t for the timeou\n+0000ce40: 7420 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 t set by ...GRUB\n+0000ce50: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 746f 0a20 _TIMEOUT... to. \n+0000ce60: 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 2062 6566 6f72 expire befor\n+0000ce70: 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 6465 e booting the de\n+0000ce80: 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 2020 5072 fault entry. Pr\n+0000ce90: 6573 7369 6e67 2061 206b 6579 2069 6e74 essing a key int\n+0000cea0: 6572 7275 7074 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 errupts. the\n+0000ceb0: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 timeout... \n+0000cec0: 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 If this option i\n+0000ced0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e s set to ...coun\n+0000cee0: 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 tdown... or ...h\n+0000cef0: 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2c20 idden..., then, \n+0000cf00: 6265 666f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 before. disp\n+0000cf10: 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c laying the menu,\n+0000cf20: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2077 6169 7420 GRUB will wait \n+0000cf30: 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 for the timeout \n+0000cf40: 7365 7420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 set by. ...G\n+0000cf50: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2074 RUB_TIMEOUT... t\n+0000cf60: 6f20 6578 7069 7265 2e20 2049 6620 3c45 o expire. If or are \n+0000cf80: 7072 6573 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 pressed, or . is held\n+0000cfa0: 2064 6f77 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6861 down during tha\n+0000cfb0: 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 t time, it will \n+0000cfc0: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 display the menu\n+0000cfd0: 2061 6e64 2077 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 and wait. f\n+0000cfe0: 6f72 2069 6e70 7574 2e20 2049 6620 6120 or input. If a \n+0000cff0: 686f 746b 6579 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 hotkey associate\n+0000d000: 6420 7769 7468 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e d with a menu en\n+0000d010: 7472 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 try is pressed, \n+0000d020: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f it. will boo\n+0000d030: 7420 7468 6520 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 t the associated\n+0000d040: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 menu entry imme\n+0000d050: 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 diately. If the\n+0000d060: 2074 696d 656f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6578 timeout. ex\n+0000d070: 7069 7265 7320 6265 666f 7265 2065 6974 pires before eit\n+0000d080: 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2068 6170 her of these hap\n+0000d090: 7065 6e73 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 626f pens, it will bo\n+0000d0a0: 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 ot the default. \n+0000d0b0: 2020 2020 656e 7472 792e 2020 496e 2074 entry. In t\n+0000d0c0: 6865 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 he ...countdown.\n+0000d0d0: 8099 2063 6173 652c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c .. case, it will\n+0000d0e0: 2073 686f 7720 6120 6f6e 652d 6c69 6e65 show a one-line\n+0000d0f0: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 indication. \n+0000d100: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e of the remainin\n+0000d110: 6720 7469 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 g time......GRUB\n+0000d120: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 _DEFAULT_BUTTON.\n+0000d130: 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f ......GRUB_TIMEO\n+0000d140: 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 UT_BUTTON.......\n+0000d150: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 GRUB_TIMEOUT_STY\n+0000d160: 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 LE_BUTTON.......\n+0000d170: 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 GRUB_BUTTON_CMOS\n+0000d180: 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 990a 2020 2020 _ADDRESS.... \n+0000d190: 2056 6172 6961 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 Variants of the\n+0000d1a0: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2076 corresponding v\n+0000d1b0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 ariables without\n+0000d1c0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 the ..._BUTTON.\n+0000d1d0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6666 6978 2c20 ... suffix, \n+0000d1e0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 used to support \n+0000d1f0: 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 vendor-specific \n+0000d200: 706f 7765 7220 6275 7474 6f6e 732e 2020 power buttons. \n+0000d210: 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2056 656e 646f *Note. Vendo\n+0000d220: 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a r power-on keys:\n+0000d230: 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5354 :......GRUB_DIST\n+0000d240: 5249 4255 544f 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 RIBUTOR.... \n+0000d250: 5365 7420 6279 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 Set by distribut\n+0000d260: 6f72 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 ors of GRUB to t\n+0000d270: 6865 6972 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 heir identifying\n+0000d280: 206e 616d 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a name. This is.\n+0000d290: 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 656e used to gen\n+0000d2a0: 6572 6174 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 erate more infor\n+0000d2b0: 6d61 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 mative menu entr\n+0000d2c0: 7920 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 y titles......GR\n+0000d2d0: 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 UB_TERMINAL_INPU\n+0000d2e0: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 T.... Select\n+0000d2f0: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e the terminal in\n+0000d300: 7075 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2059 6f75 put device. You\n+0000d310: 206d 6179 2073 656c 6563 7420 6d75 6c74 may select mult\n+0000d320: 6970 6c65 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 2020 iple devices. \n+0000d330: 2020 6865 7265 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 here, separate\n+0000d340: 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 d by spaces... \n+0000d350: 2020 2056 616c 6964 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 Valid termina\n+0000d360: 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 l input names de\n+0000d370: 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 pend on the plat\n+0000d380: 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e form, but may in\n+0000d390: 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f clude. ...co\n+0000d3a0: 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 nsole... (native\n+0000d3b0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c platform consol\n+0000d3c0: 6529 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 e), ...serial...\n+0000d3d0: 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 (serial termina\n+0000d3e0: 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 l),. ...seri\n+0000d3f0: 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 7365 al_... (se\n+0000d400: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 rial terminal wi\n+0000d410: 7468 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 th explicit port\n+0000d420: 2073 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 selection),. \n+0000d430: 2020 e280 9861 745f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 ...at_keyboard\n+0000d440: e280 9920 2850 4320 4154 206b 6579 626f ... (PC AT keybo\n+0000d450: 6172 6429 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 7573 625f ard), or ...usb_\n+0000d460: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2855 5342 keyboard... (USB\n+0000d470: 206b 6579 626f 6172 640a 2020 2020 2075 keyboard. u\n+0000d480: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2048 4944 2042 6f6f sing the HID Boo\n+0000d490: 7420 5072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 666f 7220 t Protocol, for \n+0000d4a0: 6361 7365 7320 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 cases where the \n+0000d4b0: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f firmware does no\n+0000d4c0: 740a 2020 2020 2068 616e 646c 6520 7468 t. handle th\n+0000d4d0: 6973 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 is)... The d\n+0000d4e0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 7365 efault is to use\n+0000d4f0: 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 the platform's \n+0000d500: 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 native terminal \n+0000d510: 696e 7075 742e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f input......GRUB_\n+0000d520: 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 TERMINAL_OUTPUT.\n+0000d530: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 ... Select t\n+0000d540: 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 he terminal outp\n+0000d550: 7574 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 596f 7520 ut device. You \n+0000d560: 6d61 7920 7365 6c65 6374 206d 756c 7469 may select multi\n+0000d570: 706c 6520 6465 7669 6365 730a 2020 2020 ple devices. \n+0000d580: 2068 6572 652c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 here, separated\n+0000d590: 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 by spaces... \n+0000d5a0: 2020 5661 6c69 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c Valid terminal\n+0000d5b0: 206f 7574 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 output names de\n+0000d5c0: 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 pend on the plat\n+0000d5d0: 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e form, but may in\n+0000d5e0: 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f clude. ...co\n+0000d5f0: 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 nsole... (native\n+0000d600: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c platform consol\n+0000d610: 6529 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 e), ...serial...\n+0000d620: 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 (serial termina\n+0000d630: 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 l),. ...seri\n+0000d640: 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 7365 al_... (se\n+0000d650: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 rial terminal wi\n+0000d660: 7468 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 th explicit port\n+0000d670: 2073 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 selection),. \n+0000d680: 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 ...gfxterm... \n+0000d690: 2867 7261 7068 6963 732d 6d6f 6465 206f (graphics-mode o\n+0000d6a0: 7574 7075 7429 2c20 e280 9876 6761 5f74 utput), ...vga_t\n+0000d6b0: 6578 74e2 8099 2028 5647 4120 7465 7874 ext... (VGA text\n+0000d6c0: 206f 7574 7075 7429 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 output),. .\n+0000d6d0: 8098 6d64 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 284d ..mda_text... (M\n+0000d6e0: 4441 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 292c DA text output),\n+0000d6f0: 20e2 8098 6d6f 7273 65e2 8099 2028 4d6f ...morse... (Mo\n+0000d700: 7273 652d 636f 6469 6e67 2075 7369 6e67 rse-coding using\n+0000d710: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2062 6565 system. bee\n+0000d720: 7065 7229 206f 7220 e280 9873 706b 6d6f per) or ...spkmo\n+0000d730: 6465 6de2 8099 2028 7369 6d70 6c65 2064 dem... (simple d\n+0000d740: 6174 6120 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2075 7369 ata protocol usi\n+0000d750: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7370 6561 6b65 ng system speake\n+0000d760: 7229 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 706b r)... ...spk\n+0000d770: 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6566 modem... is usef\n+0000d780: 756c 2077 6865 6e20 6e6f 2073 6572 6961 ul when no seria\n+0000d790: 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 l port is availa\n+0000d7a0: 626c 652e 2020 436f 6e6e 6563 7420 7468 ble. Connect th\n+0000d7b0: 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 7420 6f66 e. output of\n+0000d7c0: 2073 656e 6469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 sending system \n+0000d7d0: 2877 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 6973 2072 (where GRUB is r\n+0000d7e0: 756e 6e69 6e67 2920 746f 206c 696e 652d unning) to line-\n+0000d7f0: 696e 206f 660a 2020 2020 2072 6563 6569 in of. recei\n+0000d800: 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2875 7375 ving system (usu\n+0000d810: 616c 6c79 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 206d ally developer m\n+0000d820: 6163 6869 6e65 292e 2020 4f6e 2072 6563 achine). On rec\n+0000d830: 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 eiving system. \n+0000d840: 2020 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 20e2 8098 7370 compile ...sp\n+0000d850: 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 76e2 8099 2066 kmodem-recv... f\n+0000d860: 726f 6d20 e280 9875 7469 6c2f 7370 6b6d rom ...util/spkm\n+0000d870: 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 762e 63e2 8099 2061 odem-recv.c... a\n+0000d880: 6e64 2072 756e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 nd run:.. \n+0000d890: 2020 2070 6172 6563 6f72 6420 2d2d 6368 parecord --ch\n+0000d8a0: 616e 6e65 6c73 3d31 202d 2d72 6174 653d annels=1 --rate=\n+0000d8b0: 3438 3030 3020 2d2d 666f 726d 6174 3d73 48000 --format=s\n+0000d8c0: 3136 6c65 207c 202e 2f73 706b 6d6f 6465 16le | ./spkmode\n+0000d8d0: 6d2d 7265 6376 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 m-recv.. The\n+0000d8e0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 default is to u\n+0000d8f0: 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 se the platform'\n+0000d900: 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 s native termina\n+0000d910: 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 l output......GR\n+0000d920: 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4ce2 8099 0a20 UB_TERMINAL.... \n+0000d930: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 If this opti\n+0000d940: 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6f76 on is set, it ov\n+0000d950: 6572 7269 6465 7320 626f 7468 20e2 8098 errides both ...\n+0000d960: 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e GRUB_TERMINAL_IN\n+0000d970: 5055 54e2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 PUT... and. \n+0000d980: e280 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c ...GRUB_TERMINAL\n+0000d990: 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 _OUTPUT... to th\n+0000d9a0: 6520 7361 6d65 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0ae2 e same value....\n+0000d9b0: 8098 4752 5542 5f53 4552 4941 4c5f 434f ..GRUB_SERIAL_CO\n+0000d9c0: 4d4d 414e 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4120 MMAND.... A \n+0000d9d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 command to confi\n+0000d9e0: 6775 7265 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 gure the serial \n+0000d9f0: 706f 7274 2077 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 port when using \n+0000da00: 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c 0a20 2020 2020 the serial. \n+0000da10: 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 console. *Note \n+0000da20: 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2e20 2044 6566 6175 serial::. Defau\n+0000da30: 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c lts to ...serial\n+0000da40: e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 434d .........GRUB_CM\n+0000da50: 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 0a20 DLINE_LINUX.... \n+0000da60: 2020 2020 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Command-line\n+0000da70: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f20 6164 arguments to ad\n+0000da80: 6420 746f 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 d to menu entrie\n+0000da90: 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 s for the Linux \n+0000daa0: 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 kernel......GRUB\n+0000dab0: 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 _CMDLINE_LINUX_D\n+0000dac0: 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 EFAULT.... U\n+0000dad0: 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 nless ...GRUB_DI\n+0000dae0: 5341 424c 455f 5245 434f 5645 5259 e280 SABLE_RECOVERY..\n+0000daf0: 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 . is set to ...t\n+0000db00: 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 7477 6f20 6d65 6e75 rue..., two menu\n+0000db10: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7769 entries. wi\n+0000db20: 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 ll be generated \n+0000db30: 666f 7220 6561 6368 204c 696e 7578 206b for each Linux k\n+0000db40: 6572 6e65 6c3a 206f 6e65 2064 6566 6175 ernel: one defau\n+0000db50: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2061 6e64 206f 6e65 lt entry and one\n+0000db60: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 . entry for \n+0000db70: 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 6f64 652e 2020 recovery mode. \n+0000db80: 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6c69 7374 This option list\n+0000db90: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 s command-line a\n+0000dba0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f rguments. to\n+0000dbb0: 2061 6464 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2074 6865 add only to the\n+0000dbc0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e default menu en\n+0000dbd0: 7472 792c 2061 6674 6572 2074 686f 7365 try, after those\n+0000dbe0: 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 listed in. \n+0000dbf0: e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f ...GRUB_CMDLINE_\n+0000dc00: 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 LINUX.........GR\n+0000dc10: 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_CMDLINE_LINUX\n+0000dc20: 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 59e2 8099 0a20 2020 _RECOVERY.... \n+0000dc30: 2020 556e 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 4752 5542 Unless ...GRUB\n+0000dc40: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 _DISABLE_RECOVER\n+0000dc50: 59e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 Y... is set to .\n+0000dc60: 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2074 776f 206d ..true..., two m\n+0000dc70: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 2020 enu entries. \n+0000dc80: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 will be generat\n+0000dc90: 6564 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 4c69 6e75 ed for each Linu\n+0000dca0: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 3a20 6f6e 6520 6465 x kernel: one de\n+0000dcb0: 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 616e 6420 fault entry and \n+0000dcc0: 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 2066 one. entry f\n+0000dcd0: 6f72 2072 6563 6f76 6572 7920 6d6f 6465 or recovery mode\n+0000dce0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206c . This option l\n+0000dcf0: 6973 7473 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e ists command-lin\n+0000dd00: 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 e arguments. \n+0000dd10: 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 to add only to \n+0000dd20: 7468 6520 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 656e the recovery men\n+0000dd30: 7520 656e 7472 792c 2062 6566 6f72 6520 u entry, before \n+0000dd40: 7468 6f73 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e0a those listed in.\n+0000dd50: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 ...GRUB_CMD\n+0000dd60: 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 992e 2020 LINE_LINUX.... \n+0000dd70: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 The default is .\n+0000dd80: 8098 7369 6e67 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a e280 ..single........\n+0000dd90: 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4e45 .GRUB_CMDLINE_NE\n+0000dda0: 5442 5344 e280 990a e280 9847 5255 425f TBSD.......GRUB_\n+0000ddb0: 434d 444c 494e 455f 4e45 5442 5344 5f44 CMDLINE_NETBSD_D\n+0000ddc0: 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 2041 EFAULT.... A\n+0000ddd0: 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e s ...GRUB_CMDLIN\n+0000dde0: 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 E_LINUX... and .\n+0000ddf0: 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c ..GRUB_CMDLINE_L\n+0000de00: 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 992c INUX_DEFAULT...,\n+0000de10: 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 4e65 but for. Ne\n+0000de20: 7442 5344 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 tBSD......GRUB_C\n+0000de30: 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f47 4e55 4d41 4348 e280 MDLINE_GNUMACH..\n+0000de40: 990a 2020 2020 2041 7320 e280 9847 5255 .. As ...GRU\n+0000de50: 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 B_CMDLINE_LINUX.\n+0000de60: 8099 2c20 6275 7420 666f 7220 474e 5520 .., but for GNU \n+0000de70: 4d61 6368 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 Mach......GRUB_C\n+0000de80: 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f58 454e e280 990a e280 MDLINE_XEN......\n+0000de90: 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 5845 .GRUB_CMDLINE_XE\n+0000dea0: 4e5f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 N_DEFAULT.... \n+0000deb0: 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6573 206f 6620 The values of \n+0000dec0: 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 these options ar\n+0000ded0: 6520 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 5865 6e20 e passed to Xen \n+0000dee0: 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2058 656e 206d hypervisor Xen m\n+0000def0: 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 enu. entries\n+0000df00: 2c20 666f 7220 616c 6c20 7265 7370 6563 , for all respec\n+0000df10: 7469 7665 6c79 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 656e tively normal en\n+0000df20: 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f tries......GRUB_\n+0000df30: 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5845 CMDLINE_LINUX_XE\n+0000df40: 4e5f 5245 504c 4143 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 N_REPLACE.......\n+0000df50: 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e GRUB_CMDLINE_LIN\n+0000df60: 5558 5f58 454e 5f52 4550 4c41 4345 5f44 UX_XEN_REPLACE_D\n+0000df70: 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 EFAULT.... T\n+0000df80: 6865 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 2074 6865 he values of the\n+0000df90: 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2072 6570 6c61 se options repla\n+0000dfa0: 6365 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 ce the values of\n+0000dfb0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 434d . ...GRUB_CM\n+0000dfc0: 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2061 DLINE_LINUX... a\n+0000dfd0: 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 nd ...GRUB_CMDLI\n+0000dfe0: 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 NE_LINUX_DEFAULT\n+0000dff0: e280 9920 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 616e ... for Linux an\n+0000e000: 640a 2020 2020 2058 656e 206d 656e 7520 d. Xen menu \n+0000e010: 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 entries......GRU\n+0000e020: 425f 544f 505f 4c45 5645 4ce2 8099 0ae2 B_TOP_LEVEL.....\n+0000e030: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 454c ..GRUB_TOP_LEVEL\n+0000e040: 5f58 454e e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 _XEN.... Thi\n+0000e050: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 s option should \n+0000e060: 6265 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2070 be an absolute p\n+0000e070: 6174 6820 746f 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 ath to a kernel \n+0000e080: 696d 6167 652e 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 image. If. \n+0000e090: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2c20 7468 6520 696d provided, the im\n+0000e0a0: 6167 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 age specified wi\n+0000e0b0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 6465 2074 6865 2074 ll be made the t\n+0000e0c0: 6f70 2d6c 6576 656c 2065 6e74 7279 2069 op-level entry i\n+0000e0d0: 660a 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 2066 6f75 f. it is fou\n+0000e0e0: 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7363 616e 2e0a nd in the scan..\n+0000e0f0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 ....GRUB_TOP_LEV\n+0000e100: 454c 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 e280 990a EL_OS_PROBER....\n+0000e110: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e This option\n+0000e120: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 206c 696e should be a lin\n+0000e130: 6520 6f66 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 6f6d e of output from\n+0000e140: 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 ...os-prober...\n+0000e150: 2e20 2041 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 . As. ...GR\n+0000e160: 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 454c e280 992c UB_TOP_LEVEL...,\n+0000e170: 2069 6620 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2c20 7468 if provided, th\n+0000e180: 6520 696d 6167 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 e image specifie\n+0000e190: 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 6465 2074 d will be made t\n+0000e1a0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 746f 702d 6c65 7665 he. top-leve\n+0000e1b0: 6c20 656e 7472 7920 6966 2069 7420 6973 l entry if it is\n+0000e1c0: 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7363 found in the sc\n+0000e1d0: 616e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f45 4152 an......GRUB_EAR\n+0000e1e0: 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f LY_INITRD_LINUX_\n+0000e1f0: 4355 5354 4f4d e280 990a e280 9847 5255 CUSTOM.......GRU\n+0000e200: 425f 4541 524c 595f 494e 4954 5244 5f4c B_EARLY_INITRD_L\n+0000e210: 494e 5558 5f53 544f 434b e280 990a 2020 INUX_STOCK.... \n+0000e220: 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7061 6365 List of space\n+0000e230: 2d73 6570 6172 6174 6564 2065 6172 6c79 -separated early\n+0000e240: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 6573 2074 initrd images t\n+0000e250: 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6672 6f6d o be loaded from\n+0000e260: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 . .../boot..\n+0000e270: 992e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 666f 7220 .. This is for \n+0000e280: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 696e 6773 206c loading things l\n+0000e290: 696b 6520 4350 5520 6d69 6372 6f63 6f64 ike CPU microcod\n+0000e2a0: 652c 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c 0a20 2020 e, firmware,. \n+0000e2b0: 2020 4143 5049 2074 6162 6c65 732c 2063 ACPI tables, c\n+0000e2c0: 7279 7074 6f20 6b65 7973 2c20 616e 6420 rypto keys, and \n+0000e2d0: 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6561 so on. These ea\n+0000e2e0: 726c 7920 696d 6167 6573 2077 696c 6c20 rly images will \n+0000e2f0: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 be. loaded i\n+0000e300: 6e20 7468 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6465 636c n the order decl\n+0000e310: 6172 6564 2c20 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7769 ared, and all wi\n+0000e320: 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6566 ll be loaded bef\n+0000e330: 6f72 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2061 6374 ore the. act\n+0000e340: 7561 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 ual functional i\n+0000e350: 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 nitrd image... \n+0000e360: 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 ...GRUB_EARLY\n+0000e370: 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 5354 _INITRD_LINUX_ST\n+0000e380: 4f43 4be2 8099 2069 7320 666f 7220 796f OCK... is for yo\n+0000e390: 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 ur distribution \n+0000e3a0: 746f 2064 6563 6c61 7265 0a20 2020 2020 to declare. \n+0000e3b0: 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 images that are \n+0000e3c0: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 provided by the \n+0000e3d0: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 distribution. I\n+0000e3e0: 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2062 650a t should not be.\n+0000e3f0: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 7769 modified wi\n+0000e400: 7468 6f75 7420 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 thout understand\n+0000e410: 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6e73 6571 7565 ing the conseque\n+0000e420: 6e63 6573 2e20 2054 6865 7920 7769 6c6c nces. They will\n+0000e430: 2062 650a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6465 6420 be. loaded \n+0000e440: 6669 7273 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 first... ...\n+0000e450: 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 GRUB_EARLY_INITR\n+0000e460: 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 4355 5354 4f4d e280 D_LINUX_CUSTOM..\n+0000e470: 9920 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 6375 . is for your cu\n+0000e480: 7374 6f6d 2063 7265 6174 6564 2069 6d61 stom created ima\n+0000e490: 6765 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 ges... The d\n+0000e4a0: 6566 6175 6c74 2073 746f 636b 2069 6d61 efault stock ima\n+0000e4b0: 6765 7320 6172 6520 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f ges are as follo\n+0000e4c0: 7773 2c20 7468 6f75 6768 2074 6865 7920 ws, though they \n+0000e4d0: 6d61 7920 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 6572 may be. over\n+0000e4e0: 7269 6464 656e 2062 7920 796f 7572 2064 ridden by your d\n+0000e4f0: 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e3a 0a20 2020 istribution:. \n+0000e500: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e74 656c 2d75 632e intel-uc.\n+0000e510: 696d 6720 696e 7465 6c2d 7563 6f64 652e img intel-ucode.\n+0000e520: 696d 6720 616d 642d 7563 2e69 6d67 2061 img amd-uc.img a\n+0000e530: 6d64 2d75 636f 6465 2e69 6d67 2065 6172 md-ucode.img ear\n+0000e540: 6c79 5f75 636f 6465 2e63 7069 6f20 6d69 ly_ucode.cpio mi\n+0000e550: 6372 6f63 6f64 652e 6370 696f 0a0a e280 crocode.cpio....\n+0000e560: 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 .GRUB_DISABLE_LI\n+0000e570: 4e55 585f 5555 4944 e280 990a 2020 2020 NUX_UUID.... \n+0000e580: 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 20e2 8098 6772 Normally, ...gr\n+0000e590: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2077 ub-mkconfig... w\n+0000e5a0: 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d 656e ill generate men\n+0000e5b0: 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 7468 6174 2075 u entries that u\n+0000e5c0: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 6572 7361 se. universa\n+0000e5d0: 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 6465 6e74 lly-unique ident\n+0000e5e0: 6966 6965 7273 2028 5555 4944 7329 2074 ifiers (UUIDs) t\n+0000e5f0: 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 o identify the r\n+0000e600: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 oot. filesys\n+0000e610: 7465 6d20 746f 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 tem to the Linux\n+0000e620: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2075 7369 6e67 2061 kernel, using a\n+0000e630: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d55 5549 443d 2e2e ...root=UUID=..\n+0000e640: 2ee2 8099 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 .... kernel. \n+0000e650: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2e20 2054 6869 parameter. Thi\n+0000e660: 7320 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206d 6f72 s is usually mor\n+0000e670: 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 e reliable, but \n+0000e680: 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 7320 6974 in some cases it\n+0000e690: 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6265 may. not be\n+0000e6a0: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2e20 2054 appropriate. T\n+0000e6b0: 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 7573 o disable the us\n+0000e6c0: 6520 6f66 2055 5549 4473 2c20 7365 7420 e of UUIDs, set \n+0000e6d0: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 this option. \n+0000e6e0: 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2e0a to ...true.....\n+0000e6f0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 ....GRUB_DISABLE\n+0000e700: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 44e2 _LINUX_PARTUUID.\n+0000e710: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6772 ... If ...gr\n+0000e720: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 ub-mkconfig... c\n+0000e730: 616e 6e6f 7420 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 annot identify t\n+0000e740: 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 he root filesyst\n+0000e750: 656d 2076 6961 2069 7473 0a20 2020 2020 em via its. \n+0000e760: 756e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 universally-uniq\n+0000e770: 7565 2069 6e64 656e 7469 6669 6572 2028 ue indentifier (\n+0000e780: 5555 4944 292c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d UUID), ...grub-m\n+0000e790: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 616e 2075 kconfig... can u\n+0000e7a0: 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5555 4944 se the. UUID\n+0000e7b0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f of the partitio\n+0000e7c0: 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 n containing the\n+0000e7d0: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2069 filesystem to i\n+0000e7e0: 6465 6e74 6966 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 dentify the. \n+0000e7f0: 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d root filesystem\n+0000e800: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 to the Linux ke\n+0000e810: 726e 656c 2076 6961 2061 20e2 8098 726f rnel via a ...ro\n+0000e820: 6f74 3d50 4152 5455 5549 443d 2e2e 2ee2 ot=PARTUUID=....\n+0000e830: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2070 ... kernel p\n+0000e840: 6172 616d 6574 6572 2e20 2054 6869 7320 arameter. This \n+0000e850: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 7320 7265 6c69 6162 is not as reliab\n+0000e860: 6c65 2061 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 le as using the \n+0000e870: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 filesystem. \n+0000e880: 5555 4944 2c20 6275 7420 6973 206d 6f72 UUID, but is mor\n+0000e890: 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2074 6861 6e20 e reliable than \n+0000e8a0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 using the Linux \n+0000e8b0: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2057 device names. W\n+0000e8c0: 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 hen. ...GRUB\n+0000e8d0: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 _DISABLE_LINUX_P\n+0000e8e0: 4152 5455 5549 44e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 ARTUUID... is se\n+0000e8f0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 t to ...false...\n+0000e900: 2c20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e , the Linux kern\n+0000e910: 656c 0a20 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f 6e20 el. version \n+0000e920: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 322e 362e 3337 2028 must be 2.6.37 (\n+0000e930: 332e 3130 2066 6f72 2073 7973 7465 6d73 3.10 for systems\n+0000e940: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 204d 5344 4f53 using the MSDOS\n+0000e950: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 partition. \n+0000e960: 7363 6865 6d65 2920 6f72 206e 6577 6572 scheme) or newer\n+0000e970: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2064 . This option d\n+0000e980: 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 7472 efaults to ...tr\n+0000e990: 7565 e280 992e 2020 546f 2065 6e61 626c ue.... To enabl\n+0000e9a0: 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2075 7365 206f e the. use o\n+0000e9b0: 6620 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 5555 4944 f partition UUID\n+0000e9c0: 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 s, set this opti\n+0000e9d0: 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9866 616c 7365 e280 on to ...false..\n+0000e9e0: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 .......GRUB_DISA\n+0000e9f0: 424c 455f 5245 434f 5645 5259 e280 990a BLE_RECOVERY....\n+0000ea00: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 If this opt\n+0000ea10: 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ion is set to ..\n+0000ea20: 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 6469 7361 626c .true..., disabl\n+0000ea30: 6520 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7469 6f6e e the generation\n+0000ea40: 206f 6620 7265 636f 7665 7279 0a20 2020 of recovery. \n+0000ea50: 2020 6d6f 6465 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 mode menu entr\n+0000ea60: 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 ies......GRUB_DI\n+0000ea70: 5341 424c 455f 5555 4944 e280 990a 2020 SABLE_UUID.... \n+0000ea80: 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 20e2 8098 Normally, ...\n+0000ea90: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+0000eaa0: 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d will generate m\n+0000eab0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 7468 6174 enu entries that\n+0000eac0: 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 6572 use. univer\n+0000ead0: 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 6465 sally-unique ide\n+0000eae0: 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2028 5555 4944 7329 ntifiers (UUIDs)\n+0000eaf0: 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2076 6172 to identify var\n+0000eb00: 696f 7573 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 ious. filesy\n+0000eb10: 7374 656d 7320 746f 2073 6561 7263 6820 stems to search \n+0000eb20: 666f 7220 6669 6c65 732e 2020 5468 6973 for files. This\n+0000eb30: 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6d6f 7265 is usually more\n+0000eb40: 2072 656c 6961 626c 652c 0a20 2020 2020 reliable,. \n+0000eb50: 6275 7420 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 but in some case\n+0000eb60: 7320 6974 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 s it may not be \n+0000eb70: 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 652e 2020 546f appropriate. To\n+0000eb80: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2074 6869 7320 7573 disable this us\n+0000eb90: 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 5555 4944 732c e. of UUIDs,\n+0000eba0: 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e set this option\n+0000ebb0: 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2e20 to ...true.... \n+0000ebc0: 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6f70 Setting this op\n+0000ebd0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 tion to. ...\n+0000ebe0: 7472 7565 e280 992c 2077 696c 6c20 616c true..., will al\n+0000ebf0: 736f 2073 6574 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f so set the optio\n+0000ec00: 6e73 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 ns ...GRUB_DISAB\n+0000ec10: 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 5549 44e2 8099 LE_LINUX_UUID...\n+0000ec20: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 and. ...GRU\n+0000ec30: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f B_DISABLE_LINUX_\n+0000ec40: 5041 5254 5555 4944 e280 9920 746f 20e2 PARTUUID... to .\n+0000ec50: 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2075 6e6c 6573 ..true..., unles\n+0000ec60: 7320 7468 6579 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e s they have been\n+0000ec70: 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c 6963 696c 7479 . explicilty\n+0000ec80: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9866 616c 7365 set to ...false\n+0000ec90: e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5649 .........GRUB_VI\n+0000eca0: 4445 4f5f 4241 434b 454e 44e2 8099 0a20 DEO_BACKEND.... \n+0000ecb0: 2020 2020 4966 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c If graphical\n+0000ecc0: 2076 6964 656f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 video support i\n+0000ecd0: 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 6569 7468 s required, eith\n+0000ece0: 6572 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 er because the. \n+0000ecf0: 2020 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 ...gfxterm..\n+0000ed00: 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d . graphical term\n+0000ed10: 696e 616c 2069 7320 696e 2075 7365 206f inal is in use o\n+0000ed20: 7220 6265 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 20e2 r because. .\n+0000ed30: 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 5041 594c 4f41 ..GRUB_GFXPAYLOA\n+0000ed40: 445f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 D_LINUX... is se\n+0000ed50: 742c 2074 6865 6e20 e280 9867 7275 622d t, then ...grub-\n+0000ed60: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 6c6c mkconfig... will\n+0000ed70: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 206c normally. l\n+0000ed80: 6f61 6420 616c 6c20 6176 6169 6c61 626c oad all availabl\n+0000ed90: 6520 4752 5542 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 e GRUB video dri\n+0000eda0: 7665 7273 2061 6e64 2075 7365 2074 6865 vers and use the\n+0000edb0: 206f 6e65 206d 6f73 740a 2020 2020 2061 one most. a\n+0000edc0: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2066 6f72 2079 ppropriate for y\n+0000edd0: 6f75 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 2e20 2049 our hardware. I\n+0000ede0: 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6f76 f you need to ov\n+0000edf0: 6572 7269 6465 2074 6869 7320 666f 720a erride this for.\n+0000ee00: 2020 2020 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 6173 6f6e some reason\n+0000ee10: 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 , then you can s\n+0000ee20: 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a et this option..\n+0000ee30: 0a20 2020 2020 4166 7465 7220 e280 9867 . After ...g\n+0000ee40: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2068 rub-install... h\n+0000ee50: 6173 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6e2c 2074 6865 as been run, the\n+0000ee60: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 656f available video\n+0000ee70: 2064 7269 7665 7273 2061 7265 0a20 2020 drivers are. \n+0000ee80: 2020 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 e280 982f listed in .../\n+0000ee90: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 7669 6465 6f2e boot/grub/video.\n+0000eea0: 6c73 74e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 lst.........GRUB\n+0000eeb0: 5f47 4658 4d4f 4445 e280 990a 2020 2020 _GFXMODE.... \n+0000eec0: 2053 6574 2074 6865 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 Set the resolut\n+0000eed0: 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 ion used on the \n+0000eee0: e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 6772 ...gfxterm... gr\n+0000eef0: 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c aphical terminal\n+0000ef00: 2e20 204e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 . Note. tha\n+0000ef10: 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2075 t you can only u\n+0000ef20: 7365 206d 6f64 6573 2077 6869 6368 2079 se modes which y\n+0000ef30: 6f75 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 2063 6172 our graphics car\n+0000ef40: 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2076 6961 0a20 d supports via. \n+0000ef50: 2020 2020 5645 5341 2042 494f 5320 4578 VESA BIOS Ex\n+0000ef60: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2028 5642 4529 2c20 tensions (VBE), \n+0000ef70: 736f 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206e so for example n\n+0000ef80: 6174 6976 6520 4c43 4420 7061 6e65 6c0a ative LCD panel.\n+0000ef90: 2020 2020 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e73 resolutions\n+0000efa0: 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 6169 may not be avai\n+0000efb0: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 lable. The defa\n+0000efc0: 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 6175 746f e280 ult is ...auto..\n+0000efd0: 992c 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 7472 ., which. tr\n+0000efe0: 6965 7320 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 6120 ies to select a \n+0000eff0: 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 7265 736f 6c75 preferred resolu\n+0000f000: 7469 6f6e 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2067 6678 tion. *Note gfx\n+0000f010: 6d6f 6465 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 mode::......GRUB\n+0000f020: 5f42 4143 4b47 524f 554e 44e2 8099 0a20 _BACKGROUND.... \n+0000f030: 2020 2020 5365 7420 6120 6261 636b 6772 Set a backgr\n+0000f040: 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2075 ound image for u\n+0000f050: 7365 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 9867 se with the ...g\n+0000f060: 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 6772 6170 6869 fxterm... graphi\n+0000f070: 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 cal. termina\n+0000f080: 6c2e 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 l. The value of\n+0000f090: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 7573 this option mus\n+0000f0a0: 7420 6265 2061 2066 696c 6520 7265 6164 t be a file read\n+0000f0b0: 6162 6c65 2062 7920 4752 5542 0a20 2020 able by GRUB. \n+0000f0c0: 2020 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 at boot time, \n+0000f0d0: 616e 6420 6974 206d 7573 7420 656e 6420 and it must end \n+0000f0e0: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2e70 6e67 e280 992c with ....png...,\n+0000f0f0: 20e2 8098 2e74 6761 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ....tga..., ...\n+0000f100: 2e6a 7067 e280 992c 206f 720a 2020 2020 .jpg..., or. \n+0000f110: 20e2 8098 2e6a 7065 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 ....jpeg.... T\n+0000f120: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2077 696c 6c20 6265 he image will be\n+0000f130: 2073 6361 6c65 6420 6966 206e 6563 6573 scaled if neces\n+0000f140: 7361 7279 2074 6f20 6669 7420 7468 6520 sary to fit the \n+0000f150: 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6d61 screen.. Ima\n+0000f160: 6765 2068 6569 6768 7420 616e 6420 7769 ge height and wi\n+0000f170: 6474 6820 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 7374 dth will be rest\n+0000f180: 7269 6374 6564 2062 7920 616e 2061 7274 ricted by an art\n+0000f190: 6966 6963 6961 6c20 6c69 6d69 7420 6f66 ificial limit of\n+0000f1a0: 0a20 2020 2020 3136 3338 342e 0a0a e280 . 16384.....\n+0000f1b0: 9847 5255 425f 5448 454d 45e2 8099 0a20 .GRUB_THEME.... \n+0000f1c0: 2020 2020 5365 7420 6120 7468 656d 6520 Set a theme \n+0000f1d0: 666f 7220 7573 6520 7769 7468 2074 6865 for use with the\n+0000f1e0: 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 2067 ...gfxterm... g\n+0000f1f0: 7261 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 raphical termina\n+0000f200: 6c2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4746 5850 l......GRUB_GFXP\n+0000f210: 4159 4c4f 4144 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 990a AYLOAD_LINUX....\n+0000f220: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 Set to ...t\n+0000f230: 6578 74e2 8099 2074 6f20 666f 7263 6520 ext... to force \n+0000f240: 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c the Linux kernel\n+0000f250: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d to boot in norm\n+0000f260: 616c 2074 6578 740a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 al text. mod\n+0000f270: 652c 20e2 8098 6b65 6570 e280 9920 746f e, ...keep... to\n+0000f280: 2070 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 6772 preserve the gr\n+0000f290: 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 6520 7365 7420 aphics mode set \n+0000f2a0: 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 using. ...GR\n+0000f2b0: 5542 5f47 4658 4d4f 4445 e280 992c 20e2 UB_GFXMODE..., .\n+0000f2c0: 8098 5749 4454 4878 4845 4947 4854 e280 ..WIDTHxHEIGHT..\n+0000f2d0: 995b e280 9878 4445 5054 48e2 8099 5d20 .[...xDEPTH...] \n+0000f2e0: 746f 2073 6574 2061 2070 6172 7469 6375 to set a particu\n+0000f2f0: 6c61 720a 2020 2020 2067 7261 7068 6963 lar. graphic\n+0000f300: 7320 6d6f 6465 2c20 6f72 2061 2073 6571 s mode, or a seq\n+0000f310: 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2073 uence of these s\n+0000f320: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 636f 6d6d eparated by comm\n+0000f330: 6173 206f 720a 2020 2020 2073 656d 6963 as or. semic\n+0000f340: 6f6c 6f6e 7320 746f 2074 7279 2073 6576 olons to try sev\n+0000f350: 6572 616c 206d 6f64 6573 2069 6e20 7365 eral modes in se\n+0000f360: 7175 656e 6365 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2067 quence. *Note g\n+0000f370: 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 fxpayload::... \n+0000f380: 2020 2044 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 Depending on \n+0000f390: 796f 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 6f75 your kernel, you\n+0000f3a0: 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 r distribution, \n+0000f3b0: 796f 7572 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 your graphics ca\n+0000f3c0: 7264 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 rd,. and the\n+0000f3d0: 2070 6861 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f phase of the mo\n+0000f3e0: 6f6e 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7573 on, note that us\n+0000f3f0: 696e 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ing this option \n+0000f400: 6d61 7920 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 2047 may cause. G\n+0000f410: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 7375 6666 NU/Linux to suff\n+0000f420: 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 er from various \n+0000f430: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 display problems\n+0000f440: 2c20 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 0a20 , particularly. \n+0000f450: 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2065 during the e\n+0000f460: 6172 6c79 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 arly part of the\n+0000f470: 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 boot sequence. \n+0000f480: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2070 726f If you have pro\n+0000f490: 626c 656d 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 blems,. set \n+0000f4a0: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 this option to .\n+0000f4b0: 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 ..text... and GR\n+0000f4c0: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c 696e UB will tell Lin\n+0000f4d0: 7578 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e0a 2020 ux to boot in. \n+0000f4e0: 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 206d normal text m\n+0000f4f0: 6f64 652e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 ode......GRUB_DI\n+0000f500: 5341 424c 455f 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 52e2 SABLE_OS_PROBER.\n+0000f510: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9867 ... The ...g\n+0000f520: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 rub-mkconfig... \n+0000f530: 6861 7320 6120 6665 6174 7572 6520 746f has a feature to\n+0000f540: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2065 7874 6572 6e61 use the externa\n+0000f550: 6c20 e280 986f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 e280 l ...os-prober..\n+0000f560: 990a 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 616d 2074 .. program t\n+0000f570: 6f20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 206f 7468 6572 o discover other\n+0000f580: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+0000f590: 6d73 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206f 6e20 ms installed on \n+0000f5a0: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 the same. ma\n+0000f5b0: 6368 696e 6520 616e 6420 6765 6e65 7261 chine and genera\n+0000f5c0: 7465 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 206d te appropriate m\n+0000f5d0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 enu entries for \n+0000f5e0: 7468 656d 2e20 2049 7420 6973 0a20 2020 them. It is. \n+0000f5f0: 2020 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 disabled by de\n+0000f600: 6661 756c 7420 7369 6e63 6520 6175 746f fault since auto\n+0000f610: 6d61 7469 6320 616e 6420 7369 6c65 6e74 matic and silent\n+0000f620: 2065 7865 6375 7469 6f6e 206f 660a 2020 execution of. \n+0000f630: 2020 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 ...os-prober.\n+0000f640: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 6372 6561 7469 6e67 .., and creating\n+0000f650: 2062 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 6965 7320 6261 boot entries ba\n+0000f660: 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 6461 7461 sed on that data\n+0000f670: 2c20 6973 2061 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7465 , is a. pote\n+0000f680: 6e74 6961 6c20 6174 7461 636b 2076 6563 ntial attack vec\n+0000f690: 746f 722e 2020 5365 7420 7468 6973 206f tor. Set this o\n+0000f6a0: 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 ption to ...fals\n+0000f6b0: 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2074 e... to enable t\n+0000f6c0: 6869 730a 2020 2020 2066 6561 7475 7265 his. feature\n+0000f6d0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d in the ...grub-\n+0000f6e0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 636f 6d6d mkconfig... comm\n+0000f6f0: 616e 642e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4f53 and......GRUB_OS\n+0000f700: 5f50 524f 4245 525f 534b 4950 5f4c 4953 _PROBER_SKIP_LIS\n+0000f710: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f T.... List o\n+0000f720: 6620 7370 6163 652d 7365 7061 7261 7465 f space-separate\n+0000f730: 6420 4653 2055 5549 4473 206f 6620 6669 d FS UUIDs of fi\n+0000f740: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 746f 2062 6520 lesystems to be \n+0000f750: 6967 6e6f 7265 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 ignored from. \n+0000f760: 2020 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 6f75 7470 os-prober outp\n+0000f770: 7574 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 6669 2063 6861 ut. 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This opti\n+00010710: 6f6e 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 on is unset by d\n+00010720: 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 efault, and is d\n+00010730: 6570 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 eprecated in fav\n+00010740: 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 our of the. \n+00010750: 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 less confusing .\n+00010760: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_S\n+00010770: 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 TYLE=countdown..\n+00010780: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4849 4444 .......GRUB_HIDD\n+00010790: 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f EN_TIMEOUT_BUTTO\n+000107a0: 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5661 7269 616e N.... Varian\n+000107b0: 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 t of ...GRUB_HID\n+000107c0: 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 DEN_TIMEOUT..., \n+000107d0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 used to support \n+000107e0: 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 630a vendor-specific.\n+000107f0: 2020 2020 2070 6f77 6572 2062 7574 746f power butto\n+00010800: 6e73 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2056 656e 646f ns. *Note Vendo\n+00010810: 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a r power-on keys:\n+00010820: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 :... This op\n+00010830: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 tion is unset by\n+00010840: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 default, and is\n+00010850: 2064 6570 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 deprecated in f\n+00010860: 6176 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 avour of the. \n+00010870: 2020 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 less confusing\n+00010880: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+00010890: 5f53 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e _STYLE=countdown\n+000108a0: e280 9920 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 ... or. ...G\n+000108b0: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c RUB_TIMEOUT_STYL\n+000108c0: 453d 6869 6464 656e e280 992e 0a0a 2020 E=hidden...... \n+000108d0: 2046 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c For more detail\n+000108e0: 6564 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7361 7469 6f6e ed customisation\n+000108f0: 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f of ...grub-mkco\n+00010900: 6e66 6967 e280 9927 7320 6f75 7470 7574 nfig...'s output\n+00010910: 2c20 796f 7520 6d61 790a 6564 6974 2074 , you may.edit t\n+00010920: 6865 2073 6372 6970 7473 2069 6e20 e280 he scripts in ..\n+00010930: 982f 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 e280 9920 ./etc/grub.d... \n+00010940: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2e20 20e2 8098 2f65 directly. .../e\n+00010950: 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f 3430 5f63 7573 tc/grub.d/40_cus\n+00010960: 746f 6de2 8099 2069 730a 7061 7274 6963 tom... is.partic\n+00010970: 756c 6172 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f ularly useful fo\n+00010980: 7220 6164 6469 6e67 2065 6e74 6972 6520 r adding entire \n+00010990: 6375 7374 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 custom menu entr\n+000109a0: 6965 733b 2073 696d 706c 7920 7479 7065 ies; simply type\n+000109b0: 0a74 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 .the menu entrie\n+000109c0: 7320 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 6164 s you want to ad\n+000109d0: 6420 6174 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 d at the end of \n+000109e0: 7468 6174 2066 696c 652c 206d 616b 696e that file, makin\n+000109f0: 6720 7375 7265 2074 6f0a 6c65 6176 6520 g sure to.leave \n+00010a00: 6174 206c 6561 7374 2074 6865 2066 6972 at least the fir\n+00010a10: 7374 2074 776f 206c 696e 6573 2069 6e74 st two lines int\n+00010a20: 6163 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 act.....File: gr\n+00010a30: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00010a40: 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 Root Identifcati\n+00010a50: 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 732c 2020 on Heuristics, \n+00010a60: 4e65 7874 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 Next: Shell-like\n+00010a70: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 scripting, Pre\n+00010a80: 763a 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 v: Simple config\n+00010a90: 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f uration, Up: Co\n+00010aa0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 0a36 2e32 nfiguration..6.2\n+00010ab0: 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 Root Identifcat\n+00010ac0: 696f 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 0a3d ion Heuristics.=\n 00010ad0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00010ae0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00010af0: 4966 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 7420 6f70 If the target op\n-00010b00: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2075 erating system u\n-00010b10: 7365 7320 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 ses the Linux ke\n-00010b20: 726e 656c 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b rnel, ...grub-mk\n-00010b30: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a 6174 7465 6d70 config....attemp\n-00010b40: 7473 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 ts to identify t\n-00010b50: 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 he root file sys\n-00010b60: 7465 6d20 7669 6120 6120 6865 7572 6973 tem via a heuris\n-00010b70: 7469 6320 616c 676f 6972 7468 6d2e 0a54 tic algoirthm..T\n-00010b80: 6869 7320 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d20 7365 his algorithm se\n-00010b90: 6c65 6374 7320 7468 6520 6964 656e 7469 lects the identi\n-00010ba0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 206d 6574 686f 6420 fication method \n-00010bb0: 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 of the root file\n-00010bc0: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6279 2063 6f6e 7369 system.by consi\n-00010bd0: 6465 7269 6e67 2074 6872 6565 2066 6163 dering three fac\n-00010be0: 746f 7273 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 tors. 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I\n-00010d80: 6620 7468 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 f the variables \n-00010d90: 6172 6520 6173 7369 676e 6564 2061 6e79 are assigned any\n-00010da0: 206f 7468 6572 2076 616c 7565 2c0a 7468 other value,.th\n-00010db0: 6174 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 636f 6e73 at value is cons\n-00010dc0: 6964 6572 6564 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e idered equivalen\n-00010dd0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 t to ...false...\n-00010de0: 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 . The variables\n-00010df0: 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f0a 636f 6e73 6964 are also.consid\n-00010e00: 6572 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2073 6574 2074 ered to be set t\n-00010e10: 6f20 e280 9866 616c 7365 e280 9920 6966 o ...false... if\n-00010e20: 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 7365 they are not se\n-00010e30: 742e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 t... When boot\n-00010e40: 696e 672c 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b ing, the Linux k\n-00010e50: 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 2064 656c 6567 ernel will deleg\n-00010e60: 6174 6520 7468 6520 7461 736b 206f 6620 ate the task of \n-00010e70: 6d6f 756e 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a72 6f6f mounting the.roo\n-00010e80: 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 t filesystem to \n-00010e90: 7468 6520 696e 6974 7264 2e20 204d 6f73 the initrd. Mos\n-00010ea0: 7420 696e 6974 7264 2069 6d61 6765 7320 t initrd images \n-00010eb0: 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 7468 6520 726f determine the ro\n-00010ec0: 6f74 0a66 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2062 ot.file system b\n-00010ed0: 7920 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 204c y checking the L\n-00010ee0: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c27 7320 636f inux kernel's co\n-00010ef0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2066 6f72 2074 mmand-line for t\n-00010f00: 6865 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 990a 6b65 he ...root....ke\n-00010f10: 7920 616e 6420 7573 6520 6974 7320 7661 y and use its va\n-00010f20: 6c75 6520 6173 2074 6865 2069 6465 6e74 lue as the ident\n-00010f30: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6d65 7468 6f64 ification method\n-00010f40: 206f 6620 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c of the root fil\n-00010f50: 650a 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 696d e.system. To im\n-00010f60: 7072 6f76 6520 7468 6520 7265 6c69 6162 prove the reliab\n-00010f70: 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 ility of booting\n-00010f80: 2c20 6d6f 7374 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d , most initrd im\n-00010f90: 6167 6573 2061 6c73 6f0a 616c 6c6f 7720 ages also.allow \n-00010fa0: 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 the root file sy\n-00010fb0: 7374 656d 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6465 6e74 stem to be ident\n-00010fc0: 6966 6965 6420 6279 2069 7473 2055 5549 ified by its UUI\n-00010fd0: 442e 2042 6563 6175 7365 206f 6620 7468 D. Because of th\n-00010fe0: 6973 0a62 6568 6176 696f 722c 2074 6865 is.behavior, the\n-00010ff0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n-00011000: 67e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2077 696c g... command wil\n-00011010: 6c20 7365 7420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 l set ...root...\n-00011020: 2074 6f20 e280 9872 6f6f 743d 5555 4944 to ...root=UUID\n-00011030: 3d2e 2e2e e280 990a 746f 2070 726f 7669 =.......to provi\n-00011040: 6465 2074 6865 2069 6e69 7472 6420 7769 de the initrd wi\n-00011050: 7468 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 th the filesyste\n-00011060: 6d20 5555 4944 206f 6620 7468 6520 726f m UUID of the ro\n-00011070: 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e0a ot file system..\n-00011080: 0a20 2020 4966 206e 6f20 696e 6974 7264 . If no initrd\n-00011090: 2069 7320 6465 7465 6374 6564 206f 7220 is detected or \n-000110a0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f ...GRUB_DISABLE_\n-000110b0: 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 e280 9920 6973 LINUX_UUID... is\n-000110c0: 2073 6574 2074 6f0a e280 9874 7275 65e2 set to....true.\n-000110d0: 8099 2074 6865 6e20 e280 9867 7275 622d .. then ...grub-\n-000110e0: 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 command... will \n-000110f0: 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 6f6f identify the roo\n-00011100: 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2062 7920 t filesystem by \n-00011110: 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 6b65 726e setting.the kern\n-00011120: 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 el command-line \n-00011130: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 variable ...root\n-00011140: e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d50 ... to ...root=P\n-00011150: 4152 5455 5549 443d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2075 ARTUUID=...... u\n-00011160: 6e6c 6573 730a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 nless....GRUB_DI\n-00011170: 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 SABLE_LINUX_PART\n-00011180: 5555 4944 e280 9920 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 UUID... is also \n-00011190: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 set to ...true..\n-000111a0: 992e 2020 4966 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 .. If....GRUB_D\n-000111b0: 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 ISABLE_LINUX_PAR\n-000111c0: 5455 5549 44e2 8099 2069 7320 616c 736f TUUID... is also\n-000111d0: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 set to ...true.\n-000111e0: 8099 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 636f 6d6d .., ...grub-comm\n-000111f0: 616e 64e2 8099 2077 696c 6c0a 6964 656e and... will.iden\n-00011200: 7469 6679 2062 7920 6974 7320 4c69 6e75 tify by its Linu\n-00011210: 7820 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652e 0a0a x device name...\n-00011220: 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 The following\n-00011230: 2074 6162 6c65 2073 756d 6d61 7269 7a65 table summarize\n-00011240: 7320 7468 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f72 206f s the behavior o\n-00011250: 6620 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b f the ...grub-mk\n-00011260: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e config....comman\n-00011270: 642e 0a0a 496e 6974 7264 2020 2020 2047 d...Initrd G\n-00011280: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_DISABLE_LINU\n-00011290: 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 2020 2047 5255 X_PARTUUID GRU\n-000112a0: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f B_DISABLE_LINUX_\n-000112b0: 5555 4944 2020 204c 696e 7578 2052 6f6f UUID Linux Roo\n-000112c0: 740a 6465 7465 6374 6564 2020 2053 6574 t.detected Set\n-000112d0: 2054 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 To \n-000112e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2054 Set T\n-000112f0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o \n-00011300: 2020 2020 2049 4420 4d65 7468 6f64 0a2d ID Method.-\n-00011310: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00010ae0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00010af0: 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 7420 ..If the target \n+00010b00: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00010b10: 2075 7365 7320 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 uses the Linux \n+00010b20: 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d kernel, ...grub-\n+00010b30: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a 6174 7465 mkconfig....atte\n+00010b40: 6d70 7473 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 mpts to identify\n+00010b50: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 the root file s\n+00010b60: 7973 7465 6d20 7669 6120 6120 6865 7572 ystem via a heur\n+00010b70: 6973 7469 6320 616c 676f 6972 7468 6d2e istic algoirthm.\n+00010b80: 0a54 6869 7320 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d20 .This algorithm \n+00010b90: 7365 6c65 6374 7320 7468 6520 6964 656e selects the iden\n+00010ba0: 7469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 206d 6574 686f tification metho\n+00010bb0: 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 d of the root fi\n+00010bc0: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6279 2063 6f6e le system.by con\n+00010bd0: 7369 6465 7269 6e67 2074 6872 6565 2066 sidering three f\n+00010be0: 6163 746f 7273 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6972 actors. The fir\n+00010bf0: 7374 2069 7320 6966 2061 6e20 696e 6974 st is if an init\n+00010c00: 7264 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 rd for the targe\n+00010c10: 740a 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 t.operating syst\n+00010c20: 656d 2069 7320 616c 736f 2070 7265 7365 em is also prese\n+00010c30: 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 nt. The second \n+00010c40: 6973 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 is....GRUB_DISAB\n+00010c50: 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 5549 44e2 8099 LE_LINUX_UUID...\n+00010c60: 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7365 7420 746f 20e2 and if set to .\n+00010c70: 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2070 7265 7665 ..true..., preve\n+00010c80: 6e74 7320 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f nts ...grub-mkco\n+00010c90: 6e66 6967 e280 990a 6672 6f6d 2069 6465 nfig....from ide\n+00010ca0: 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 2072 6f6f ntifying the roo\n+00010cb0: 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6279 t file system by\n+00010cc0: 2069 7473 2055 5549 442e 2054 6865 2074 its UUID. The t\n+00010cd0: 6869 7264 2069 730a e280 9847 5255 425f hird is....GRUB_\n+00010ce0: 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 DISABLE_LINUX_PA\n+00010cf0: 5254 5555 4944 e280 9920 616e 6420 6966 RTUUID... and if\n+00010d00: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 set to ...true.\n+00010d10: 8099 2c20 7072 6576 656e 7473 0ae2 8098 .., prevents....\n+00010d20: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+00010d30: 2066 726f 6d20 6964 656e 7469 6679 696e from identifyin\n+00010d40: 6720 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 g the root file \n+00010d50: 7379 7374 656d 2076 6961 2074 6865 2055 system via the U\n+00010d60: 5549 4420 6f66 0a69 7473 2065 6e63 6c6f UID of.its enclo\n+00010d70: 7369 6e67 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 sing partition. \n+00010d80: 2049 6620 7468 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If the variable\n+00010d90: 7320 6172 6520 6173 7369 676e 6564 2061 s are assigned a\n+00010da0: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2076 616c 7565 2c0a ny other value,.\n+00010db0: 7468 6174 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 636f that value is co\n+00010dc0: 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2065 7175 6976 616c nsidered equival\n+00010dd0: 656e 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 ent to ...false.\n+00010de0: 8099 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c ... The variabl\n+00010df0: 6573 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f0a 636f 6e73 es are also.cons\n+00010e00: 6964 6572 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2073 6574 idered to be set\n+00010e10: 2074 6f20 e280 9866 616c 7365 e280 9920 to ...false... \n+00010e20: 6966 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 if they are not \n+00010e30: 7365 742e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 626f set... When bo\n+00010e40: 6f74 696e 672c 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 oting, the Linux\n+00010e50: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 2064 656c kernel will del\n+00010e60: 6567 6174 6520 7468 6520 7461 736b 206f egate the task o\n+00010e70: 6620 6d6f 756e 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a72 f mounting the.r\n+00010e80: 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 oot filesystem t\n+00010e90: 6f20 7468 6520 696e 6974 7264 2e20 204d o the initrd. M\n+00010ea0: 6f73 7420 696e 6974 7264 2069 6d61 6765 ost initrd image\n+00010eb0: 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 7468 6520 s determine the \n+00010ec0: 726f 6f74 0a66 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d root.file system\n+00010ed0: 2062 7920 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 by checking the\n+00010ee0: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c27 7320 Linux kernel's \n+00010ef0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2066 6f72 command-line for\n+00010f00: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 990a the ...root....\n+00010f10: 6b65 7920 616e 6420 7573 6520 6974 7320 key and use its \n+00010f20: 7661 6c75 6520 6173 2074 6865 2069 6465 value as the ide\n+00010f30: 6e74 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6d65 7468 ntification meth\n+00010f40: 6f64 206f 6620 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 od of the root f\n+00010f50: 696c 650a 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 ile.system. To \n+00010f60: 696d 7072 6f76 6520 7468 6520 7265 6c69 improve the reli\n+00010f70: 6162 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 ability of booti\n+00010f80: 6e67 2c20 6d6f 7374 2069 6e69 7472 6420 ng, most initrd \n+00010f90: 696d 6167 6573 2061 6c73 6f0a 616c 6c6f images also.allo\n+00010fa0: 7720 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 w the root file \n+00010fb0: 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6465 system to be ide\n+00010fc0: 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 2069 7473 2055 ntified by its U\n+00010fd0: 5549 442e 2042 6563 6175 7365 206f 6620 UID. Because of \n+00010fe0: 7468 6973 0a62 6568 6176 696f 722c 2074 this.behavior, t\n+00010ff0: 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e he ...grub-mkcon\n+00011000: 6669 67e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2077 fig... command w\n+00011010: 696c 6c20 7365 7420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 ill set ...root.\n+00011020: 8099 2074 6f20 e280 9872 6f6f 743d 5555 .. to ...root=UU\n+00011030: 4944 3d2e 2e2e e280 990a 746f 2070 726f ID=.......to pro\n+00011040: 7669 6465 2074 6865 2069 6e69 7472 6420 vide the initrd \n+00011050: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 with the filesys\n+00011060: 7465 6d20 5555 4944 206f 6620 7468 6520 tem UUID of the \n+00011070: 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d root file system\n+00011080: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 206e 6f20 696e 6974 ... If no init\n+00011090: 7264 2069 7320 6465 7465 6374 6564 206f rd is detected o\n+000110a0: 7220 e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c r ...GRUB_DISABL\n+000110b0: 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 e280 9920 E_LINUX_UUID... \n+000110c0: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a e280 9874 7275 is set to....tru\n+000110d0: 65e2 8099 2074 6865 6e20 e280 9867 7275 e... then ...gru\n+000110e0: 622d 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 8099 2077 696c b-command... wil\n+000110f0: 6c20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 l identify the r\n+00011100: 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2062 oot filesystem b\n+00011110: 7920 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 6b65 y setting.the ke\n+00011120: 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e rnel command-lin\n+00011130: 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 726f e variable ...ro\n+00011140: 6f74 e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 ot... to ...root\n+00011150: 3d50 4152 5455 5549 443d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 =PARTUUID=......\n+00011160: 2075 6e6c 6573 730a e280 9847 5255 425f unless....GRUB_\n+00011170: 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 DISABLE_LINUX_PA\n+00011180: 5254 5555 4944 e280 9920 6973 2061 6c73 RTUUID... is als\n+00011190: 6f20 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 o set to ...true\n+000111a0: e280 992e 2020 4966 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 .... If....GRUB\n+000111b0: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 _DISABLE_LINUX_P\n+000111c0: 4152 5455 5549 44e2 8099 2069 7320 616c ARTUUID... is al\n+000111d0: 736f 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 so set to ...tru\n+000111e0: 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 636f e..., ...grub-co\n+000111f0: 6d6d 616e 64e2 8099 2077 696c 6c0a 6964 mmand... will.id\n+00011200: 656e 7469 6679 2062 7920 6974 7320 4c69 entify by its Li\n+00011210: 6e75 7820 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652e nux device name.\n+00011220: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 .. The followi\n+00011230: 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 2073 756d 6d61 7269 ng table summari\n+00011240: 7a65 7320 7468 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f72 zes the behavior\n+00011250: 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d of the ...grub-\n+00011260: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a 636f 6d6d mkconfig....comm\n+00011270: 616e 642e 0a0a 496e 6974 7264 2020 2020 and...Initrd \n+00011280: 2047 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 GRUB_DISABLE_LI\n+00011290: 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 2020 2047 NUX_PARTUUID G\n+000112a0: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_DISABLE_LINU\n+000112b0: 585f 5555 4944 2020 204c 696e 7578 2052 X_UUID Linux R\n+000112c0: 6f6f 740a 6465 7465 6374 6564 2020 2053 oot.detected S\n+000112d0: 6574 2054 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 et To \n+000112e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 Set\n+000112f0: 2054 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 To \n+00011300: 2020 2020 2020 2049 4420 4d65 7468 6f64 ID Method\n+00011310: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n 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false \n 000113c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000113d0: 2020 2020 2020 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 true \n+000113d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 7565 2020 2020 true \n 000113e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000113f0: 7061 7274 2055 5549 440a 6661 6c73 6520 part UUID.false \n-00011400: 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 true \n+000113f0: 2020 7061 7274 2055 5549 440a 6661 6c73 part UUID.fals\n+00011400: 6520 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 e true \n 00011410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011420: 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 2020 false \n-00011430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6576 dev\n-00011440: 206e 616d 650a 6661 6c73 6520 2020 2020 name.false \n-00011450: 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true \n-00011460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-00011470: 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rue \n-00011480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6576 206e 616d dev nam\n-00011490: 650a 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2066 616c e.true fal\n-000114a0: 7365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 se \n-000114b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 false\n-000114c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000114d0: 2020 2020 2066 7320 5555 4944 0a74 7275 fs UUID.tru\n-000114e0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 6661 6c73 6520 2020 e false \n+00011420: 2020 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 false \n+00011430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 d\n+00011440: 6576 206e 616d 650a 6661 6c73 6520 2020 ev name.false \n+00011450: 2020 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 true \n+00011460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00011470: 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true \n+00011480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6576 206e dev n\n+00011490: 616d 650a 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2066 ame.true f\n+000114a0: 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 alse \n+000114b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 616c fal\n+000114c0: 7365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 se \n+000114d0: 2020 2020 2020 2066 7320 5555 4944 0a74 fs UUID.t\n+000114e0: 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 6661 6c73 6520 rue false \n 000114f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011500: 2020 2020 2020 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 true \n+00011500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 7565 2020 2020 true \n 00011510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011520: 7061 7274 2055 5549 440a 7472 7565 2020 part UUID.true \n-00011530: 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 true \n+00011520: 2020 7061 7274 2055 5549 440a 7472 7565 part UUID.true\n+00011530: 2020 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 2020 2020 true \n 00011540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011550: 2020 2066 616c 7365 2020 2020 2020 2020 false \n-00011560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 7320 fs \n-00011570: 5555 4944 0a74 7275 6520 2020 2020 2020 UUID.true \n-00011580: 7472 7565 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true \n-00011590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 tr\n-000115a0: 7565 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ue \n-000115b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 7620 6e61 6d65 dev 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When positi\n-00012310: 6f6e 616c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 onal variable na\n-00012320: 6d65 7320 6172 6520 6163 7469 7665 2c0a mes are active,.\n-00012330: 6f74 6865 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 other special va\n-00012340: 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 20e2 8098 riable names ...\n-00012350: 40e2 8099 2c20 e280 982a e280 9920 616e @..., ...*... an\n-00012360: 6420 e280 9823 e280 9920 6172 6520 6465 d ...#... are de\n-00012370: 6669 6e65 6420 616e 6420 7468 6579 0a65 fined and they.e\n-00012380: 7870 616e 6420 746f 2061 6c6c 2070 6f73 xpand to all pos\n-00012390: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 itional paramete\n-000123a0: 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e65 6365 7373 6172 rs with necessar\n-000123b0: 7920 7175 6f74 696e 672c 2070 6f73 6974 y quoting, posit\n-000123c0: 696f 6e61 6c0a 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 ional.parameters\n-000123d0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 2071 756f without any quo\n-000123e0: 7469 6e67 2c20 616e 6420 706f 7369 7469 ting, and positi\n-000123f0: 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2063 onal parameter c\n-00012400: 6f75 6e74 0a72 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c ount.respectivel\n-00012410: 792e 0a0a 436f 6d6d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d y...Comments.===\n-00012420: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2077 6f72 6420 6265 =====..A word be\n-00012430: 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 ginning with ...\n-00012440: 23e2 8099 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6174 #... causes that\n-00012450: 2077 6f72 6420 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7265 word and all re\n-00012460: 6d61 696e 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 maining characte\n-00012470: 7273 0a6f 6e20 7468 6174 206c 696e 6520 rs.on that line \n-00012480: 746f 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a to be ignored...\n-00012490: 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a Simple commands.\n-000124a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-000124b0: 0a41 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d .A ...simple com\n-000124c0: 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 2061 2073 6571 mand... is a seq\n-000124d0: 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2073 uence of words s\n-000124e0: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 eparated by spac\n-000124f0: 6573 206f 7220 7461 6273 0a61 6e64 2074 es or tabs.and t\n-00012500: 6572 6d69 6e61 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 erminated by a s\n-00012510: 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e 206f 7220 6120 6e65 emicolon or a ne\n-00012520: 776c 696e 652e 2020 5468 6520 6669 7273 wline. The firs\n-00012530: 7420 776f 7264 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 t word specifies\n-00012540: 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 .the command to \n-00012550: 6265 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 5468 be executed. Th\n-00012560: 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 776f 7264 e remaining word\n-00012570: 7320 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 2061 7320 s are passed as \n-00012580: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 746f 2074 6865 arguments.to the\n-00012590: 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 invoked command\n-000125a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e ... The return\n-000125b0: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6120 7369 6d70 value of a simp\n-000125c0: 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6974 le command is it\n-000125d0: 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e 2020 s exit status. \n-000125e0: 4966 2074 6865 0a72 6573 6572 7665 6420 If the.reserved \n-000125f0: 776f 7264 20e2 8098 21e2 8099 2070 7265 word ...!... pre\n-00012600: 6365 6465 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e cedes the comman\n-00012610: 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7475 d, then the retu\n-00012620: 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 696e 7374 rn value is inst\n-00012630: 6561 640a 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 ead.the logical \n-00012640: 6e65 6761 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 negation of the \n-00012650: 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 2073 command's exit s\n-00012660: 7461 7475 732e 0a0a 436f 6d70 6f75 6e64 tatus...Compound\n-00012670: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d commands.======\n-00012680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 ===========..A .\n-00012690: 809c 636f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 ..compound comma\n-000126a0: 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 206f 6e65 206f 6620 nd... is one of \n-000126b0: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a the following:..\n-000126c0: 666f 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 6e20 574f 5244 for NAME in WORD\n-000126d0: 202e 2e2e 3b20 646f 204c 4953 543b 2064 ...; do LIST; d\n-000126e0: 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 one. The lis\n-000126f0: 7420 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2066 6f6c 6c6f t of words follo\n-00012700: 7769 6e67 20e2 8098 696e e280 9920 6973 wing ...in... is\n-00012710: 2065 7870 616e 6465 642c 2067 656e 6572 expanded, gener\n-00012720: 6174 696e 6720 6120 6c69 7374 206f 660a ating a list of.\n-00012730: 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 items. The\n-00012740: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 4e41 4d45 2069 variable NAME i\n-00012750: 7320 7365 7420 746f 2065 6163 6820 656c s set to each el\n-00012760: 656d 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6c69 ement of this li\n-00012770: 7374 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 7572 6e2c st in. turn,\n-00012780: 2061 6e64 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 and LIST is exe\n-00012790: 6375 7465 6420 6561 6368 2074 696d 652e cuted each time.\n-000127a0: 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c The return val\n-000127b0: 7565 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 0a20 ue is the exit. \n-000127c0: 2020 2020 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 status of th\n-000127d0: 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 e last command t\n-000127e0: 6861 7420 6578 6563 7574 6573 2e20 2049 hat executes. I\n-000127f0: 6620 7468 6520 6578 7061 6e73 696f 6e20 f the expansion \n-00012800: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d of the. item\n-00012810: 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 e280 9869 s following ...i\n-00012820: 6ee2 8099 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 n... results in \n-00012830: 616e 2065 6d70 7479 206c 6973 742c 206e an empty list, n\n-00012840: 6f20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 0a20 o commands are. \n-00012850: 2020 2020 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 616e executed, an\n-00012860: 6420 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 d the return sta\n-00012870: 7475 7320 6973 2030 2e0a 0a69 6620 4c49 tus is 0...if LI\n-00012880: 5354 3b20 7468 656e 204c 4953 543b 205b ST; then LIST; [\n-00012890: 656c 6966 204c 4953 543b 2074 6865 6e20 elif LIST; then \n-000128a0: 4c49 5354 3b5d 202e 2e2e 205b 656c 7365 LIST;] ... [else\n-000128b0: 204c 4953 543b 5d20 6669 0a20 2020 2020 LIST;] fi. \n-000128c0: 5468 6520 e280 9869 66e2 8099 204c 4953 The ...if... LIS\n-000128d0: 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2077 T is executed, w\n-000128e0: 6865 7265 204c 4953 5420 6973 2061 2073 here LIST is a s\n-000128f0: 6572 6965 7320 6f66 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 eries of ...simp\n-00012900: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 le. command.\n-00012910: 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 ..s separated by\n-00012920: 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2049 6620 6974 7320 a \";\". If its \n-00012930: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 exit status of t\n-00012940: 6865 206c 6173 740a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d he last. com\n-00012950: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 mand is zero, th\n-00012960: 6520 e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 e ...then... LIS\n-00012970: 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 T is executed. \n-00012980: 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2065 6163 680a Otherwise, each.\n-00012990: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656c 6966 e280 9920 ...elif... \n-000129a0: 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 LIST is executed\n-000129b0: 2069 6e20 7475 726e 2c20 616e 6420 6966 in turn, and if\n-000129c0: 2069 7473 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e its last comman\n-000129d0: 6427 7320 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 d's exit. st\n-000129e0: 6174 7573 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 atus is zero, th\n-000129f0: 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e corresponding \n-00012a00: e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 ...then... LIST \n-00012a10: 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 is executed and \n-00012a20: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the. command\n-00012a30: 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 2e20 204f 7468 completes. Oth\n-00012a40: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9865 erwise, the ...e\n-00012a50: 6c73 65e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 lse... LIST is e\n-00012a60: 7865 6375 7465 642c 2069 660a 2020 2020 xecuted, if. \n-00012a70: 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 2065 present. The e\n-00012a80: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7468 xit status is th\n-00012a90: 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 e exit status of\n-00012aa0: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e the last comman\n-00012ab0: 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c d. executed,\n-00012ac0: 206f 7220 7a65 726f 2069 6620 6e6f 2063 or zero if no c\n-00012ad0: 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 6573 7465 6420 ondition tested \n-00012ae0: 7472 7565 2e0a 0a77 6869 6c65 2043 4f4e true...while CON\n-00012af0: 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 D; do LIST; done\n-00012b00: 0a75 6e74 696c 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 .until COND; do \n-00012b10: 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 LIST; done. \n-00012b20: 5468 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 The ...while... \n-00012b30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6e74 696e 756f command continuo\n-00012b40: 7573 6c79 2065 7865 6375 7465 7320 7468 usly executes th\n-00012b50: 6520 e280 9864 6fe2 8099 204c 4953 5420 e ...do... LIST \n-00012b60: 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 0a20 2020 2020 as long as. \n-00012b70: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the last command\n-00012b80: 2069 6e20 434f 4e44 2072 6574 7572 6e73 in COND returns\n-00012b90: 2061 6e20 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 an exit status \n-00012ba0: 6f66 207a 6572 6f2c 2077 6865 7265 2043 of zero, where C\n-00012bb0: 4f4e 440a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6120 6c69 OND. is a li\n-00012bc0: 7374 206f 6620 e280 9c73 696d 706c 6520 st of ...simple \n-00012bd0: 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 command...s sepa\n-00012be0: 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 rated by a \";\". \n-00012bf0: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 The ...until...\n-00012c00: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 . command is\n-00012c10: 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2074 6f20 7468 identical to th\n-00012c20: 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f e ...while... co\n-00012c30: 6d6d 616e 642c 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 mmand, except th\n-00012c40: 6174 2074 6865 2074 6573 740a 2020 2020 at the test. \n-00012c50: 2069 7320 6e65 6761 7465 643b 2074 6865 is negated; the\n-00012c60: 20e2 8098 646f e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 ...do... LIST i\n-00012c70: 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 7320 6c6f s executed as lo\n-00012c80: 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 ng as the last c\n-00012c90: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2043 ommand. in C\n-00012ca0: 4f4e 4420 7265 7475 726e 7320 6120 6e6f OND returns a no\n-00012cb0: 6e2d 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 n-zero exit stat\n-00012cc0: 7573 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 us. The exit st\n-00012cd0: 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 atus of the. \n-00012ce0: 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 ...while... and\n-00012cf0: 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d ...until... com\n-00012d00: 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 mands is the exi\n-00012d10: 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 t status of the \n-00012d20: 6c61 7374 20e2 8098 646f e280 990a 2020 last ...do.... \n-00012d30: 2020 204c 4953 5420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 LIST command \n-00012d40: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 executed, or zer\n-00012d50: 6f20 6966 206e 6f6e 6520 7761 7320 6578 o if none was ex\n-00012d60: 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a66 756e 6374 696f ecuted...functio\n-00012d70: 6e20 4e41 4d45 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 n NAME { COMMAND\n-00012d80: 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 ; ... }. Thi\n-00012d90: 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 6675 6e63 s defines a func\n-00012da0: 7469 6f6e 206e 616d 6564 204e 414d 452e tion named NAME.\n-00012db0: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9c62 6f64 79e2 809d The ...body...\n-00012dc0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e of the function\n-00012dd0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 6973 is. the lis\n-00012de0: 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 t of commands wi\n-00012df0: 7468 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c 2065 6163 thin braces, eac\n-00012e00: 6820 6f66 2077 6869 6368 206d 7573 7420 h of which must \n-00012e10: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 6174 be. terminat\n-00012e20: 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 7365 6d69 636f ed with a semico\n-00012e30: 6c6f 6e20 6f72 2061 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 lon or a newline\n-00012e40: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6c69 7374 206f 6620 . This list of \n-00012e50: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 commands. wi\n-00012e60: 6c6c 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 6564 2077 ll be executed w\n-00012e70: 6865 6e65 7665 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 henever NAME is \n-00012e80: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2074 6865 specified as the\n-00012e90: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2061 2073 696d 706c name of a simpl\n-00012ea0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 e. command. \n-00012eb0: 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6465 6669 6e69 Function defini\n-00012ec0: 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 206e 6f74 2061 6666 tions do not aff\n-00012ed0: 6563 7420 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 ect the exit sta\n-00012ee0: 7475 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 tus in. ...$\n-00012ef0: 3fe2 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 6578 6563 ?.... When exec\n-00012f00: 7574 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 uted, the exit s\n-00012f10: 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2061 2066 756e 6374 tatus of a funct\n-00012f20: 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 740a ion is the exit.\n-00012f30: 2020 2020 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 status of t\n-00012f40: 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 he last command \n-00012f50: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 executed in the \n-00012f60: 626f 6479 2e0a 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 body...menuentry\n-00012f70: 2054 4954 4c45 205b e280 982d 2d63 6c61 TITLE [...--cla\n-00012f80: 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 e280 9920 2e2e 2e5d ss=class... ...]\n-00012f90: 205b e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 [...--users=use\n-00012fa0: 7273 e280 995d 205b e280 982d 2d75 6e72 rs...] [...--unr\n-00012fb0: 6573 7472 6963 7465 64e2 8099 5d20 5be2 estricted...] [.\n-00012fc0: 8098 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 e280 ..--hotkey=key..\n-00012fd0: 995d 205b e280 982d 2d69 643d 6964 e280 .] [...--id=id..\n-00012fe0: 995d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e .] { COMMAND; ..\n-00012ff0: 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 206d . }. *Note m\n-00013000: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 7569 enuentry::...Bui\n-00013010: 6c74 2d69 6e20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d lt-in Commands.=\n-00013020: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00013030: 0a0a 536f 6d65 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 ..Some built-in \n-00013040: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 6c73 commands are als\n-00013050: 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4752 o provided by GR\n-00013060: 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 746f 2068 656c UB script to hel\n-00013070: 7020 7363 7269 7074 0a77 7269 7465 7273 p script.writers\n-00013080: 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 6374 696f 6e73 perform actions\n-00013090: 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f74 6865 7277 that are otherw\n-000130a0: 6973 6520 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 ise not possible\n-000130b0: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a . For example,.\n-000130c0: 7468 6573 6520 696e 636c 7564 6520 636f these include co\n-000130d0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6f20 6a75 6d70 206f mmands to jump o\n-000130e0: 7574 206f 6620 6120 6c6f 6f70 2077 6974 ut of a loop wit\n-000130f0: 686f 7574 2066 756c 6c79 2063 6f6d 706c hout fully compl\n-00013100: 6574 696e 670a 6974 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a eting.it, etc...\n-00013110: 6272 6561 6b20 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a break [...n...].\n-00013120: 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2077 Exit from w\n-00013130: 6974 6869 6e20 6120 e280 9866 6f72 e280 ithin a ...for..\n-00013140: 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 ., ...while..., \n-00013150: 6f72 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c or ...until... l\n-00013160: 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 oop. If ...n...\n-00013170: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 is. specifi\n-00013180: 6564 2c20 6272 6561 6b20 e280 986e e280 ed, break ...n..\n-00013190: 9920 6c65 7665 6c73 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 . levels. ...n.\n-000131a0: 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 .. must be great\n-000131b0: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c er than or equal\n-000131c0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2031 2e20 2049 6620 to. 1. If \n-000131d0: e280 986e e280 9920 6973 2067 7265 6174 ...n... is great\n-000131e0: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 er than the numb\n-000131f0: 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 er of enclosing \n-00013200: 6c6f 6f70 732c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 loops, all. \n-00013210: 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 7320 enclosing loops \n-00013220: 6172 6520 6578 6974 6564 2e20 2054 6865 are exited. The\n-00013230: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 6973 return value is\n-00013240: 2030 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 986e e280 0 unless ...n..\n-00013250: 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6772 . is. not gr\n-00013260: 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 eater than or eq\n-00013270: 7561 6c20 746f 2031 2e0a 0a63 6f6e 7469 ual to 1...conti\n-00013280: 6e75 6520 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 nue [...n...]. \n-00013290: 2020 2052 6573 756d 6520 7468 6520 6e65 Resume the ne\n-000132a0: 7874 2069 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 xt iteration of \n-000132b0: 7468 6520 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 e280 the enclosing ..\n-000132c0: 9866 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c .for..., ...whil\n-000132d0: 65e2 8099 206f 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 e... or. ...\n-000132e0: 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 until... loop. \n-000132f0: 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 7370 If ...n... is sp\n-00013300: 6563 6966 6965 642c 2072 6573 756d 6520 ecified, resume \n-00013310: 6174 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 7468 at the ...n...th\n-00013320: 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 enclosing. \n-00013330: 6c6f 6f70 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d loop. ...n... m\n-00013340: 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 ust be greater t\n-00013350: 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 han or equal to \n-00013360: 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 1. If ...n... i\n-00013370: 7320 6772 6561 7465 720a 2020 2020 2074 s greater. t\n-00013380: 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f han the number o\n-00013390: 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 f enclosing loop\n-000133a0: 732c 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 656e 636c s, the last encl\n-000133b0: 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 2028 7468 650a osing loop (the.\n-000133c0: 2020 2020 20e2 809c 746f 702d 6c65 7665 ...top-leve\n-000133d0: 6ce2 809d 206c 6f6f 7029 2069 7320 7265 l... loop) is re\n-000133e0: 7375 6d65 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 sumed. The retu\n-000133f0: 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 3020 756e rn value is 0 un\n-00013400: 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a less ...n... is.\n-00013410: 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2067 7265 6174 6572 not greater\n-00013420: 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 than or equal t\n-00013430: 6f20 312e 0a0a 7265 7475 726e 205b e280 o 1...return [..\n-00013440: 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 4361 7573 .n...]. Caus\n-00013450: 6573 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 746f es a function to\n-00013460: 2065 7869 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 exit with the r\n-00013470: 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 7370 6563 eturn value spec\n-00013480: 6966 6965 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 ified by ...n...\n-00013490: 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 .. If ...n..\n-000134a0: 9920 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 . is omitted, th\n-000134b0: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 e return status \n-000134c0: 6973 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c is that of the l\n-000134d0: 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 ast command. \n-000134e0: 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 executed in the\n-000134f0: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 626f 6479 2e20 function body. \n-00013500: 2049 6620 7573 6564 206f 7574 7369 6465 If used outside\n-00013510: 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7468 650a a function the.\n-00013520: 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7374 6174 return stat\n-00013530: 7573 2069 7320 6661 6c73 652e 0a0a 7365 us is false...se\n-00013540: 7470 6172 616d 7320 5be2 8098 6172 67e2 tparams [...arg.\n-00013550: 8099 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6570 ..] .... Rep\n-00013560: 6c61 6365 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 lace positional \n-00013570: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2073 7461 7274 parameters start\n-00013580: 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2431 e280 ing with ...$1..\n-00013590: 9920 7769 7468 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 . with arguments\n-000135a0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7470 to. ...setp\n-000135b0: 6172 616d 73e2 8099 2e0a 0a73 6869 6674 arams......shift\n-000135c0: 205b e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 [...n...]. \n-000135d0: 5468 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 The positional p\n-000135e0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 20e2 arameters from .\n-000135f0: 8098 6ee2 8099 2b31 202e 2e2e 2061 7265 ..n...+1 ... are\n-00013600: 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 e280 9824 renamed to ...$\n-00013610: 31e2 8099 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5061 1........ Pa\n-00013620: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2072 6570 7265 7365 rameters represe\n-00013630: 6e74 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 nted by the numb\n-00013640: 6572 7320 e280 9824 23e2 8099 2064 6f77 ers ...$#... dow\n-00013650: 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992d e280 n to ...$#...-..\n-00013660: 986e e280 992b 3120 6172 650a 2020 2020 .n...+1 are. \n-00013670: 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 unset. ...n...\n-00013680: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6e must be a non-n\n-00013690: 6567 6174 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206c egative number l\n-000136a0: 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 ess than or equa\n-000136b0: 6c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 23e2 l to. ...$#.\n-000136c0: 8099 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 ... If ...n... \n-000136d0: 6973 2030 2c20 6e6f 2070 6172 616d 6574 is 0, no paramet\n-000136e0: 6572 7320 6172 6520 6368 616e 6765 642e ers are changed.\n-000136f0: 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 If ...n... is \n-00013700: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e 2c20 not. given, \n-00013710: 6974 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f it is assumed to\n-00013720: 2062 6520 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 be 1. If ...n.\n-00013730: 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 .. is greater th\n-00013740: 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992c 2074 6865 an ...$#..., the\n-00013750: 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c . positional\n-00013760: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 parameters are \n-00013770: 6e6f 7420 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 5468 not changed. Th\n-00013780: 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 e return status \n-00013790: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6772 6561 7465 7220 is. greater \n-000137a0: 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f20 6966 20e2 8098 than zero if ...\n-000137b0: 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 n... is greater \n-000137c0: 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 9920 6f72 than ...$#... or\n-000137d0: 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f3b less than zero;\n-000137e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 . otherwise \n-000137f0: 302e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 0.....File: grub\n-00013800: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5368 .info, Node: Sh\n-00013810: 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 ell-like scripti\n-00013820: 6e67 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 ng-Footnotes, U\n-00013830: 703a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 p: Shell-like sc\n-00013840: 7269 7074 696e 670a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 ripting.. (1) \n-00013850: 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6120 6261 636b Currently a back\n-00013860: 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c 696e 6520 7061 slash-newline pa\n-00013870: 6972 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 7661 7269 ir within a vari\n-00013880: 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6973 206e 6f74 able name is not\n-00013890: 0a68 616e 646c 6564 2070 726f 7065 726c .handled properl\n-000138a0: 792c 2073 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6973 2066 y, so use this f\n-000138b0: 6561 7475 7265 2077 6974 6820 736f 6d65 eature with some\n-000138c0: 2063 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 care.....File: \n-000138d0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000138e0: 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e : Multi-boot man\n-000138f0: 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 204e 6578 ual config, Nex\n-00013900: 743a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 t: Embedded conf\n-00013910: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 iguration, Prev\n-00013920: 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 : Shell-like scr\n-00013930: 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e ipting, Up: Con\n-00013940: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3420 figuration..6.4 \n-00013950: 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 Multi-boot manua\n-00013960: 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d l config.=======\n+00011750: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a e280 ============....\n+00011760: 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 7320 .grub.cfg... is \n+00011770: 7772 6974 7465 6e20 696e 2047 5255 4227 written in GRUB'\n+00011780: 7320 6275 696c 742d 696e 2073 6372 6970 s built-in scrip\n+00011790: 7469 6e67 206c 616e 6775 6167 652c 2077 ting language, w\n+000117a0: 6869 6368 2068 6173 2061 0a73 796e 7461 hich has a.synta\n+000117b0: 7820 7175 6974 6520 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 x quite similar \n+000117c0: 746f 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2047 4e55 2042 to that of GNU B\n+000117d0: 6173 6820 616e 6420 6f74 6865 7220 426f ash and other Bo\n+000117e0: 7572 6e65 2073 6865 6c6c 0a64 6572 6976 urne shell.deriv\n+000117f0: 6174 6976 6573 2e0a 0a57 6f72 6473 0a3d atives...Words.=\n+00011800: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4120 e280 9c77 6f72 64e2 ====..A ...word.\n+00011810: 809d 2069 7320 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 .. is a sequence\n+00011820: 206f 6620 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2063 of characters c\n+00011830: 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 6173 2061 2073 onsidered as a s\n+00011840: 696e 676c 6520 756e 6974 2062 790a 4752 ingle unit by.GR\n+00011850: 5542 2e20 2057 6f72 6473 2061 7265 2073 UB. Words are s\n+00011860: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 9c6d eparated by ...m\n+00011870: 6574 6163 6861 7261 6374 6572 73e2 809d etacharacters...\n+00011880: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 7468 6520 , which are the \n+00011890: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 706c 7573 2073 following.plus s\n+000118a0: 7061 6365 2c20 7461 622c 2061 6e64 206e pace, tab, and n\n+000118b0: 6577 6c69 6e65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7b20 ewline:.. { \n+000118c0: 7d20 7c20 2620 2420 3b20 3c20 3e0a 0a20 } | & $ ; < >.. \n+000118d0: 2020 5175 6f74 696e 6720 6d61 7920 6265 Quoting may be\n+000118e0: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 used to include\n+000118f0: 206d 6574 6163 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 metacharacters \n+00011900: 696e 2077 6f72 6473 3b20 7365 6520 6265 in words; see be\n+00011910: 6c6f 772e 0a0a 5265 7365 7276 6564 2077 low...Reserved w\n+00011920: 6f72 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ords.===========\n+00011930: 3d3d 3d0a 0a52 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f ===..Reserved wo\n+00011940: 7264 7320 6861 7665 2061 2073 7065 6369 rds have a speci\n+00011950: 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 2074 6f20 4752 al meaning to GR\n+00011960: 5542 2e20 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e UB. The followin\n+00011970: 6720 776f 7264 7320 6172 650a 7265 636f g words are.reco\n+00011980: 676e 6973 6564 2061 7320 7265 7365 7276 gnised as reserv\n+00011990: 6564 2077 6865 6e20 756e 7175 6f74 6564 ed when unquoted\n+000119a0: 2061 6e64 2065 6974 6865 7220 7468 6520 and either the \n+000119b0: 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 206f 6620 610a first word of a.\n+000119c0: 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206f simple command o\n+000119d0: 7220 7468 6520 7468 6972 6420 776f 7264 r the third word\n+000119e0: 206f 6620 6120 e280 9866 6f72 e280 9920 of a ...for... \n+000119f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 2021 command:.. !\n+00011a00: 205b 5b20 5d5d 207b 207d 0a20 2020 2020 [[ ]] { }. \n+00011a10: 6361 7365 2064 6f20 646f 6e65 2065 6c69 case do done eli\n+00011a20: 6620 656c 7365 2065 7361 6320 6669 2066 f else esac fi f\n+00011a30: 6f72 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 or function. \n+00011a40: 2069 6620 696e 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 if in menuentry\n+00011a50: 2073 656c 6563 7420 7468 656e 2074 696d select then tim\n+00011a60: 6520 756e 7469 6c20 7768 696c 650a 0a20 e until while.. \n+00011a70: 2020 4e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 Not all of the\n+00011a80: 7365 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 se reserved word\n+00011a90: 7320 6861 7665 2061 2075 7365 6675 6c20 s have a useful \n+00011aa0: 7075 7270 6f73 6520 7965 743b 2073 6f6d purpose yet; som\n+00011ab0: 6520 6172 650a 7265 7365 7276 6564 2066 e are.reserved f\n+00011ac0: 6f72 2066 7574 7572 6520 6578 7061 6e73 or future expans\n+00011ad0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5175 6f74 696e 670a 3d3d ion...Quoting.==\n+00011ae0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a51 756f 7469 6e67 2069 =====..Quoting i\n+00011af0: 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6d6f 7665 s used to remove\n+00011b00: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 the special mea\n+00011b10: 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 6365 7274 6169 6e20 ning of certain \n+00011b20: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 206f 720a 776f characters or.wo\n+00011b30: 7264 732e 2020 4974 2063 616e 2062 6520 rds. It can be \n+00011b40: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7472 6561 7420 6d65 used to treat me\n+00011b50: 7461 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2061 7320 tacharacters as \n+00011b60: 7061 7274 206f 6620 6120 776f 7264 2c20 part of a word, \n+00011b70: 746f 0a70 7265 7665 6e74 2072 6573 6572 to.prevent reser\n+00011b80: 7665 6420 776f 7264 7320 6672 6f6d 2062 ved words from b\n+00011b90: 6569 6e67 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 6420 eing recognised \n+00011ba0: 6173 2073 7563 682c 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 as such, and to \n+00011bb0: 7072 6576 656e 740a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 prevent.variable\n+00011bc0: 2065 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 expansion... \n+00011bd0: 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7468 7265 6520 There are three \n+00011be0: 7175 6f74 696e 6720 6d65 6368 616e 6973 quoting mechanis\n+00011bf0: 6d73 3a20 7468 6520 6573 6361 7065 2063 ms: the escape c\n+00011c00: 6861 7261 6374 6572 2c20 7369 6e67 6c65 haracter, single\n+00011c10: 0a71 756f 7465 732c 2061 6e64 2064 6f75 .quotes, and dou\n+00011c20: 626c 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 ble quotes... \n+00011c30: 4120 6e6f 6e2d 7175 6f74 6564 2062 6163 A non-quoted bac\n+00011c40: 6b73 6c61 7368 2028 5c29 2069 7320 7468 kslash (\\) is th\n+00011c50: 6520 e280 9c65 7363 6170 6520 6368 6172 e ...escape char\n+00011c60: 6163 7465 72e2 809d 2e20 2049 7420 7072 acter.... It pr\n+00011c70: 6573 6572 7665 730a 7468 6520 6c69 7465 eserves.the lite\n+00011c80: 7261 6c20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 ral value of the\n+00011c90: 206e 6578 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 next character \n+00011ca0: 7468 6174 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 2c20 7769 that follows, wi\n+00011cb0: 7468 2074 6865 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e th the exception\n+00011cc0: 0a6f 6620 6e65 776c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 .of newline... \n+00011cd0: 2045 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 2063 6861 7261 Enclosing chara\n+00011ce0: 6374 6572 7320 696e 2073 696e 676c 6520 cters in single \n+00011cf0: 7175 6f74 6573 2070 7265 7365 7276 6573 quotes preserves\n+00011d00: 2074 6865 206c 6974 6572 616c 2076 616c the literal val\n+00011d10: 7565 206f 660a 6561 6368 2063 6861 7261 ue of.each chara\n+00011d20: 6374 6572 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 cter within the \n+00011d30: 7175 6f74 6573 2e20 2041 2073 696e 676c quotes. 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When posi\n+00012310: 7469 6f6e 616c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 tional variable \n+00012320: 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 6163 7469 7665 names are active\n+00012330: 2c0a 6f74 6865 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 ,.other special \n+00012340: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 20e2 variable names .\n+00012350: 8098 40e2 8099 2c20 e280 982a e280 9920 ..@..., ...*... \n+00012360: 616e 6420 e280 9823 e280 9920 6172 6520 and ...#... are \n+00012370: 6465 6669 6e65 6420 616e 6420 7468 6579 defined and they\n+00012380: 0a65 7870 616e 6420 746f 2061 6c6c 2070 .expand to all p\n+00012390: 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 ositional parame\n+000123a0: 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e65 6365 7373 ters with necess\n+000123b0: 6172 7920 7175 6f74 696e 672c 2070 6f73 ary quoting, pos\n+000123c0: 6974 696f 6e61 6c0a 7061 7261 6d65 7465 itional.paramete\n+000123d0: 7273 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 2071 rs without any q\n+000123e0: 756f 7469 6e67 2c20 616e 6420 706f 7369 uoting, and posi\n+000123f0: 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 tional parameter\n+00012400: 2063 6f75 6e74 0a72 6573 7065 6374 6976 count.respectiv\n+00012410: 656c 792e 0a0a 436f 6d6d 656e 7473 0a3d ely...Comments.=\n+00012420: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2077 6f72 6420 =======..A word \n+00012430: 6265 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 beginning with .\n+00012440: 8098 23e2 8099 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 ..#... causes th\n+00012450: 6174 2077 6f72 6420 616e 6420 616c 6c20 at word and all \n+00012460: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 remaining charac\n+00012470: 7465 7273 0a6f 6e20 7468 6174 206c 696e ters.on that lin\n+00012480: 6520 746f 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e e to be ignored.\n+00012490: 0a0a 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ..Simple command\n+000124a0: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n+000124b0: 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 =..A ...simple c\n+000124c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 2061 2073 ommand... is a s\n+000124d0: 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 equence of words\n+000124e0: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 separated by sp\n+000124f0: 6163 6573 206f 7220 7461 6273 0a61 6e64 aces or tabs.and\n+00012500: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7465 6420 6279 2061 terminated by a\n+00012510: 2073 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e 206f 7220 6120 semicolon or a \n+00012520: 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 5468 6520 6669 newline. The fi\n+00012530: 7273 7420 776f 7264 2073 7065 6369 6669 rst word specifi\n+00012540: 6573 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 es.the command t\n+00012550: 6f20 6265 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 o be executed. \n+00012560: 5468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 776f The remaining wo\n+00012570: 7264 7320 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 2061 rds are passed a\n+00012580: 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 746f 2074 s arguments.to t\n+00012590: 6865 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 he invoked comma\n+000125a0: 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 nd... The retu\n+000125b0: 726e 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6120 7369 rn value of a si\n+000125c0: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 mple command is \n+000125d0: 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e its exit status.\n+000125e0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a72 6573 6572 7665 If the.reserve\n+000125f0: 6420 776f 7264 20e2 8098 21e2 8099 2070 d word ...!... p\n+00012600: 7265 6365 6465 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d6d recedes the comm\n+00012610: 616e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7265 and, then the re\n+00012620: 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 696e turn value is in\n+00012630: 7374 6561 640a 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 stead.the logica\n+00012640: 6c20 6e65 6761 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 l negation of th\n+00012650: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 e command's exit\n+00012660: 2073 7461 7475 732e 0a0a 436f 6d70 6f75 status...Compou\n+00012670: 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d nd commands.====\n+00012680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 =============..A\n+00012690: 20e2 809c 636f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d ...compound com\n+000126a0: 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 206f 6e65 206f mand... is one o\n+000126b0: 6620 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a f the following:\n+000126c0: 0a0a 666f 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 6e20 574f ..for NAME in WO\n+000126d0: 5244 202e 2e2e 3b20 646f 204c 4953 543b RD ...; do LIST;\n+000126e0: 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c done. The l\n+000126f0: 6973 7420 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2066 6f6c ist of words fol\n+00012700: 6c6f 7769 6e67 20e2 8098 696e e280 9920 lowing ...in... \n+00012710: 6973 2065 7870 616e 6465 642c 2067 656e is expanded, gen\n+00012720: 6572 6174 696e 6720 6120 6c69 7374 206f erating a list o\n+00012730: 660a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 f. items. T\n+00012740: 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 4e41 4d45 he variable NAME\n+00012750: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2065 6163 6820 is set to each \n+00012760: 656c 656d 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6869 7320 element of this \n+00012770: 6c69 7374 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 7572 list in. tur\n+00012780: 6e2c 2061 6e64 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 n, and LIST is e\n+00012790: 7865 6375 7465 6420 6561 6368 2074 696d xecuted each tim\n+000127a0: 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 e. The return v\n+000127b0: 616c 7565 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 alue is the exit\n+000127c0: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 . status of \n+000127d0: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the last command\n+000127e0: 2074 6861 7420 6578 6563 7574 6573 2e20 that executes. \n+000127f0: 2049 6620 7468 6520 6578 7061 6e73 696f If the expansio\n+00012800: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 n of the. it\n+00012810: 656d 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 e280 ems following ..\n+00012820: 9869 6ee2 8099 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 .in... results i\n+00012830: 6e20 616e 2065 6d70 7479 206c 6973 742c n an empty list,\n+00012840: 206e 6f20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 no commands are\n+00012850: 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 . executed, \n+00012860: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 and the return s\n+00012870: 7461 7475 7320 6973 2030 2e0a 0a69 6620 tatus is 0...if \n+00012880: 4c49 5354 3b20 7468 656e 204c 4953 543b LIST; then LIST;\n+00012890: 205b 656c 6966 204c 4953 543b 2074 6865 [elif LIST; the\n+000128a0: 6e20 4c49 5354 3b5d 202e 2e2e 205b 656c n LIST;] ... [el\n+000128b0: 7365 204c 4953 543b 5d20 6669 0a20 2020 se LIST;] fi. \n+000128c0: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9869 66e2 8099 204c The ...if... L\n+000128d0: 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c IST is executed,\n+000128e0: 2077 6865 7265 204c 4953 5420 6973 2061 where LIST is a\n+000128f0: 2073 6572 6965 7320 6f66 20e2 809c 7369 series of ...si\n+00012900: 6d70 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e mple. comman\n+00012910: 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 d...s separated \n+00012920: 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2049 6620 6974 by a \";\". If it\n+00012930: 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 s exit status of\n+00012940: 2074 6865 206c 6173 740a 2020 2020 2063 the last. c\n+00012950: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 ommand is zero, \n+00012960: 7468 6520 e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c the ...then... 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O\n+00012a40: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 e280 therwise, the ..\n+00012a50: 9865 6c73 65e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 .else... LIST is\n+00012a60: 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2069 660a 2020 executed, if. \n+00012a70: 2020 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 present. The\n+00012a80: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 exit status is \n+00012a90: 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 the exit status \n+00012aa0: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d of the last comm\n+00012ab0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 and. execute\n+00012ac0: 642c 206f 7220 7a65 726f 2069 6620 6e6f d, or zero if no\n+00012ad0: 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 6573 7465 condition teste\n+00012ae0: 6420 7472 7565 2e0a 0a77 6869 6c65 2043 d true...while C\n+00012af0: 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f OND; do LIST; do\n+00012b00: 6e65 0a75 6e74 696c 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 ne.until COND; d\n+00012b10: 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 o LIST; done. \n+00012b20: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 The ...while..\n+00012b30: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6e74 696e . command contin\n+00012b40: 756f 7573 6c79 2065 7865 6375 7465 7320 uously executes \n+00012b50: 7468 6520 e280 9864 6fe2 8099 204c 4953 the ...do... LIS\n+00012b60: 5420 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 0a20 2020 T as long as. \n+00012b70: 2020 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 the last comma\n+00012b80: 6e64 2069 6e20 434f 4e44 2072 6574 7572 nd in COND retur\n+00012b90: 6e73 2061 6e20 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 ns an exit statu\n+00012ba0: 7320 6f66 207a 6572 6f2c 2077 6865 7265 s of zero, where\n+00012bb0: 2043 4f4e 440a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6120 COND. is a \n+00012bc0: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 e280 9c73 696d 706c list of ...simpl\n+00012bd0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 e command...s se\n+00012be0: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 parated by a \";\"\n+00012bf0: 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 . The ...until.\n+00012c00: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ... command \n+00012c10: 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2074 6f20 is identical to \n+00012c20: 7468 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 the ...while... \n+00012c30: 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2065 7863 6570 7420 command, except \n+00012c40: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2074 6573 740a 2020 that the test. \n+00012c50: 2020 2069 7320 6e65 6761 7465 643b 2074 is negated; t\n+00012c60: 6865 20e2 8098 646f e280 9920 4c49 5354 he ...do... LIST\n+00012c70: 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 7320 is executed as \n+00012c80: 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c61 7374 long as the last\n+00012c90: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696e command. in\n+00012ca0: 2043 4f4e 4420 7265 7475 726e 7320 6120 COND returns a \n+00012cb0: 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 7374 non-zero exit st\n+00012cc0: 6174 7573 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 atus. The exit \n+00012cd0: 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 status of the. \n+00012ce0: 2020 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2061 ...while... a\n+00012cf0: 6e64 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 2063 nd ...until... c\n+00012d00: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2074 6865 2065 ommands is the e\n+00012d10: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 xit status of th\n+00012d20: 6520 6c61 7374 20e2 8098 646f e280 990a e last ...do....\n+00012d30: 2020 2020 204c 4953 5420 636f 6d6d 616e LIST comman\n+00012d40: 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 6f72 207a d executed, or z\n+00012d50: 6572 6f20 6966 206e 6f6e 6520 7761 7320 ero if none was \n+00012d60: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a66 756e 6374 executed...funct\n+00012d70: 696f 6e20 4e41 4d45 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 ion NAME { COMMA\n+00012d80: 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 ND; ... }. T\n+00012d90: 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 6675 his defines a fu\n+00012da0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 206e 616d 6564 204e 414d nction named NAM\n+00012db0: 452e 2020 5468 6520 e280 9c62 6f64 79e2 E. The ...body.\n+00012dc0: 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 6675 6e63 7469 .. of the functi\n+00012dd0: 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c on is. the l\n+00012de0: 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 ist of commands \n+00012df0: 7769 7468 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c 2065 within braces, e\n+00012e00: 6163 6820 6f66 2077 6869 6368 206d 7573 ach of which mus\n+00012e10: 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e t be. termin\n+00012e20: 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 7365 6d69 ated with a semi\n+00012e30: 636f 6c6f 6e20 6f72 2061 206e 6577 6c69 colon or a newli\n+00012e40: 6e65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6c69 7374 206f ne. This list o\n+00012e50: 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 f commands. \n+00012e60: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 6564 will be executed\n+00012e70: 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 whenever NAME i\n+00012e80: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2074 s specified as t\n+00012e90: 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2061 2073 696d he name of a sim\n+00012ea0: 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ple. command\n+00012eb0: 2e20 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6465 6669 . Function defi\n+00012ec0: 6e69 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 206e 6f74 2061 nitions do not a\n+00012ed0: 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 ffect the exit s\n+00012ee0: 7461 7475 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 tatus in. ..\n+00012ef0: 9824 3fe2 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 6578 .$?.... When ex\n+00012f00: 6563 7574 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6578 6974 ecuted, the exit\n+00012f10: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2061 2066 756e status of a fun\n+00012f20: 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 ction is the exi\n+00012f30: 740a 2020 2020 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 t. status of\n+00012f40: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e the last comman\n+00012f50: 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7468 d executed in th\n+00012f60: 6520 626f 6479 2e0a 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 e body...menuent\n+00012f70: 7279 2054 4954 4c45 205b e280 982d 2d63 ry TITLE [...--c\n+00012f80: 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 e280 9920 2e2e lass=class... ..\n+00012f90: 2e5d 205b e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 .] [...--users=u\n+00012fa0: 7365 7273 e280 995d 205b e280 982d 2d75 sers...] [...--u\n+00012fb0: 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 64e2 8099 5d20 nrestricted...] \n+00012fc0: 5be2 8098 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 [...--hotkey=key\n+00012fd0: e280 995d 205b e280 982d 2d69 643d 6964 ...] [...--id=id\n+00012fe0: e280 995d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 ...] { COMMAND; \n+00012ff0: 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 ... }. *Note\n+00013000: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 menuentry::...B\n+00013010: 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 uilt-in Commands\n+00013020: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00013030: 3d3d 0a0a 536f 6d65 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 ==..Some built-i\n+00013040: 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 n commands are a\n+00013050: 6c73 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 lso provided by \n+00013060: 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 746f 2068 GRUB script to h\n+00013070: 656c 7020 7363 7269 7074 0a77 7269 7465 elp script.write\n+00013080: 7273 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 6374 696f rs perform actio\n+00013090: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f74 6865 ns that are othe\n+000130a0: 7277 6973 6520 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 rwise not possib\n+000130b0: 6c65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 le. For example\n+000130c0: 2c0a 7468 6573 6520 696e 636c 7564 6520 ,.these include \n+000130d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6f20 6a75 6d70 commands to jump\n+000130e0: 206f 7574 206f 6620 6120 6c6f 6f70 2077 out of a loop w\n+000130f0: 6974 686f 7574 2066 756c 6c79 2063 6f6d ithout fully com\n+00013100: 706c 6574 696e 670a 6974 2c20 6574 632e pleting.it, etc.\n+00013110: 0a0a 6272 6561 6b20 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 ..break [...n...\n+00013120: 5d0a 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d ]. Exit from\n+00013130: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 e280 9866 6f72 within a ...for\n+00013140: e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 ..., ...while...\n+00013150: 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 , or ...until...\n+00013160: 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 loop. If ...n.\n+00013170: 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 .. is. speci\n+00013180: 6669 6564 2c20 6272 6561 6b20 e280 986e fied, break ...n\n+00013190: e280 9920 6c65 7665 6c73 2e20 20e2 8098 ... levels. ...\n+000131a0: 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 n... must be gre\n+000131b0: 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 ater than or equ\n+000131c0: 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2031 2e20 2049 al to. 1. I\n+000131d0: 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 2067 7265 f ...n... is gre\n+000131e0: 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 ater than the nu\n+000131f0: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e mber of enclosin\n+00013200: 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 g loops, all. \n+00013210: 2020 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 enclosing loop\n+00013220: 7320 6172 6520 6578 6974 6564 2e20 2054 s are exited. T\n+00013230: 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 he return value \n+00013240: 6973 2030 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 986e is 0 unless ...n\n+00013250: e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 ... is. not \n+00013260: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 206f 7220 greater than or \n+00013270: 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2031 2e0a 0a63 6f6e equal to 1...con\n+00013280: 7469 6e75 6520 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a tinue [...n...].\n+00013290: 2020 2020 2052 6573 756d 6520 7468 6520 Resume the \n+000132a0: 6e65 7874 2069 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 206f next iteration o\n+000132b0: 6620 7468 6520 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 f the enclosing \n+000132c0: e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 ...for..., ...wh\n+000132d0: 696c 65e2 8099 206f 720a 2020 2020 20e2 ile... or. .\n+000132e0: 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e ..until... loop.\n+000132f0: 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 If ...n... is \n+00013300: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2072 6573 756d specified, resum\n+00013310: 6520 6174 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 e at the ...n...\n+00013320: 7468 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 th enclosing. \n+00013330: 2020 6c6f 6f70 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 loop. ...n...\n+00013340: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 must be greater\n+00013350: 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 than or equal t\n+00013360: 6f20 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 o 1. If ...n...\n+00013370: 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 720a 2020 2020 is greater. \n+00013380: 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 than the number\n+00013390: 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f of enclosing lo\n+000133a0: 6f70 732c 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 656e ops, the last en\n+000133b0: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 2028 7468 closing loop (th\n+000133c0: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 809c 746f 702d 6c65 e. ...top-le\n+000133d0: 7665 6ce2 809d 206c 6f6f 7029 2069 7320 vel... loop) is \n+000133e0: 7265 7375 6d65 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 resumed. The re\n+000133f0: 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 3020 turn value is 0 \n+00013400: 756e 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 unless ...n... i\n+00013410: 730a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2067 7265 6174 s. not great\n+00013420: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c er than or equal\n+00013430: 2074 6f20 312e 0a0a 7265 7475 726e 205b to 1...return [\n+00013440: e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 4361 ...n...]. Ca\n+00013450: 7573 6573 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 uses a function \n+00013460: 746f 2065 7869 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 to exit with the\n+00013470: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 7370 return value sp\n+00013480: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6ee2 ecified by ...n.\n+00013490: 8099 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 986e .... If ...n\n+000134a0: e280 9920 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 ... is omitted, \n+000134b0: 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 the return statu\n+000134c0: 7320 6973 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2074 6865 s is that of the\n+000134d0: 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 last command. \n+000134e0: 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 696e 2074 executed in t\n+000134f0: 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 626f 6479 he function body\n+00013500: 2e20 2049 6620 7573 6564 206f 7574 7369 . If used outsi\n+00013510: 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7468 de a function th\n+00013520: 650a 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7374 e. return st\n+00013530: 6174 7573 2069 7320 6661 6c73 652e 0a0a atus is false...\n+00013540: 7365 7470 6172 616d 7320 5be2 8098 6172 setparams [...ar\n+00013550: 67e2 8099 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 g...] .... R\n+00013560: 6570 6c61 6365 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 eplace positiona\n+00013570: 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2073 7461 l parameters sta\n+00013580: 7274 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2431 rting with ...$1\n+00013590: e280 9920 7769 7468 2061 7267 756d 656e ... with argumen\n+000135a0: 7473 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 ts to. ...se\n+000135b0: 7470 6172 616d 73e2 8099 2e0a 0a73 6869 tparams......shi\n+000135c0: 6674 205b e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 ft [...n...]. \n+000135d0: 2020 5468 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c The positional\n+000135e0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6672 6f6d parameters from\n+000135f0: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2b31 202e 2e2e 2061 ...n...+1 ... a\n+00013600: 7265 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 e280 re renamed to ..\n+00013610: 9824 31e2 8099 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 .$1........ \n+00013620: 5061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2072 6570 7265 Parameters repre\n+00013630: 7365 6e74 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 sented by the nu\n+00013640: 6d62 6572 7320 e280 9824 23e2 8099 2064 mbers ...$#... d\n+00013650: 6f77 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992d own to ...$#...-\n+00013660: e280 986e e280 992b 3120 6172 650a 2020 ...n...+1 are. \n+00013670: 2020 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 unset. ...n.\n+00013680: 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e 6f6e .. must be a non\n+00013690: 2d6e 6567 6174 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 -negative number\n+000136a0: 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 less than or eq\n+000136b0: 7561 6c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 ual to. ...$\n+000136c0: 23e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 #.... If ...n..\n+000136d0: 9920 6973 2030 2c20 6e6f 2070 6172 616d . is 0, no param\n+000136e0: 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6368 616e 6765 eters are change\n+000136f0: 642e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 d. If ...n... i\n+00013700: 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e s not. given\n+00013710: 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 6420 , it is assumed \n+00013720: 746f 2062 6520 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 to be 1. If ...\n+00013730: 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 n... is greater \n+00013740: 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992c 2074 than ...$#..., t\n+00013750: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e he. position\n+00013760: 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 al parameters ar\n+00013770: 6520 6e6f 7420 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 e not changed. \n+00013780: 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 The return statu\n+00013790: 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6772 6561 7465 s is. greate\n+000137a0: 7220 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f20 6966 20e2 r than zero if .\n+000137b0: 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 ..n... is greate\n+000137c0: 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 9920 r than ...$#... \n+000137d0: 6f72 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 207a 6572 or less than zer\n+000137e0: 6f3b 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7277 6973 o;. otherwis\n+000137f0: 6520 302e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 e 0.....File: gr\n+00013800: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00013810: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n+00013820: 7469 6e67 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 ting-Footnotes, \n+00013830: 2055 703a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 Up: Shell-like \n+00013840: 7363 7269 7074 696e 670a 0a20 2020 2831 scripting.. (1\n+00013850: 2920 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6120 6261 ) Currently a ba\n+00013860: 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c 696e 6520 ckslash-newline \n+00013870: 7061 6972 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 7661 pair within a va\n+00013880: 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6973 206e riable name is n\n+00013890: 6f74 0a68 616e 646c 6564 2070 726f 7065 ot.handled prope\n+000138a0: 726c 792c 2073 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6973 rly, so use this\n+000138b0: 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 6974 6820 736f feature with so\n+000138c0: 6d65 2063 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 me care.....File\n+000138d0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000138e0: 6465 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d de: Multi-boot m\n+000138f0: 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 204e anual config, N\n+00013900: 6578 743a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f ext: Embedded co\n+00013910: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 nfiguration, Pr\n+00013920: 6576 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 ev: Shell-like s\n+00013930: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2043 cripting, Up: C\n+00013940: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e onfiguration..6.\n+00013950: 3420 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 4 Multi-boot man\n+00013960: 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ual config.=====\n 00013970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00013980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 =====..Currently\n-00013990: 2061 7574 6f67 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 autogenerating \n-000139a0: 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6573 2066 6f72 config files for\n-000139b0: 206d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 multi-boot envi\n-000139c0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 0a64 6570 656e 6473 ronments.depends\n-000139d0: 206f 6e20 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 616e on os-prober an\n-000139e0: 6420 6861 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 7368 d has several sh\n-000139f0: 6f72 7463 6f6d 696e 6773 2e20 2044 7565 ortcomings. Due\n-00013a00: 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 0a64 to that it is.d\n-00013a10: 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 isabled by defau\n-00013a20: 6c74 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2061 6476 6973 lt. It is advis\n-00013a30: 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 706f ed to use the po\n-00013a40: 7765 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 7379 6e74 wer of GRUB synt\n-00013a50: 6178 2061 6e64 0a64 6f20 6974 2079 6f75 ax and.do it you\n-00013a60: 7273 656c 662e 2020 4120 706f 7373 6962 rself. A possib\n-00013a70: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n-00013a80: 2069 7320 6465 7461 696c 6564 2068 6572 is detailed her\n-00013a90: 652c 2066 6565 6c20 6672 6565 2074 6f0a e, feel free to.\n-00013aa0: 6164 6a75 7374 2074 6f20 796f 7572 206e adjust to your n\n-00013ab0: 6565 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 7273 7420 eeds... First \n-00013ac0: 6372 6561 7465 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 create a separat\n-00013ad0: 6520 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e e GRUB partition\n-00013ae0: 2c20 6269 6720 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 , big enough to \n-00013af0: 686f 6c64 2047 5255 422e 2053 6f6d 650a hold GRUB. Some.\n-00013b00: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 of the following\n-00013b10: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2073 686f 7720 686f entries show ho\n-00013b20: 7720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 4f53 2069 6e73 w to load OS ins\n-00013b30: 7461 6c6c 6572 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6672 taller images fr\n-00013b40: 6f6d 2074 6869 730a 7361 6d65 2070 6172 om this.same par\n-00013b50: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 666f 7220 7468 6174 tition, for that\n-00013b60: 2079 6f75 206f 6276 696f 7573 6c79 206e you obviously n\n-00013b70: 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 eed to make the \n-00013b80: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6c61 7267 650a partition large.\n-00013b90: 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2074 enough to hold t\n-00013ba0: 686f 7365 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6173 2077 hose images as w\n-00013bb0: 656c 6c2e 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 7468 6973 ell. Mount this\n-00013bc0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6e2f 6d6e partition on/mn\n-00013bd0: 742f 626f 6f74 0a61 6e64 2064 6973 6162 t/boot.and disab\n-00013be0: 6c65 2047 5255 4220 696e 2061 6c6c 204f le GRUB in all O\n-00013bf0: 5365 7320 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 Ses and manually\n-00013c00: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2073 656c 662d 636f install self-co\n-00013c10: 6d70 696c 6564 206c 6174 6573 740a 4752 mpiled latest.GR\n-00013c20: 5542 2077 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 UB with:.. ...\n-00013c30: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 grub-install --b\n-00013c40: 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d oot-directory=/m\n-00013c50: 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 nt/boot /dev/sda\n-00013c60: e280 990a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6c6c 2074 ..... In all t\n-00013c70: 6865 204f 5365 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c20 he OSes install \n-00013c80: 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2062 7574 2064 GRUB tools but d\n-00013c90: 6973 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e isable installin\n-00013ca0: 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e0a 626f 6f74 7365 g GRUB in.bootse\n-00013cb0: 6374 6f72 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 ctor, so you'll \n-00013cc0: 6861 7665 206d 656e 752e 6c73 7420 616e have menu.lst an\n-00013cd0: 6420 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2061 7661 696c d grub.cfg avail\n-00013ce0: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2e0a 416c able for use..Al\n-00013cf0: 736f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 206f 732d 7072 so disable os-pr\n-00013d00: 6f62 6572 2075 7365 2062 7920 7365 7474 ober use by sett\n-00013d10: 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 ing:.. ...GRUB\n-00013d20: 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 _DISABLE_OS_PROB\n-00013d30: 4552 3d74 7275 65e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2069 ER=true..... i\n-00013d40: 6e20 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 n /etc/default/g\n-00013d50: 7275 620a 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2077 7269 rub.. Then wri\n-00013d60: 7465 2061 2067 7275 622e 6366 6720 282f te a grub.cfg (/\n-00013d70: 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 mnt/boot/grub/gr\n-00013d80: 7562 2e63 6667 293a 0a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ub.cfg):... \n-00013d90: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 menuentry \"OS us\n-00013da0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 3222 207b 0a20 2020 ing grub2\" {. \n-00013db0: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7866 730a insmod xfs.\n-00013dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d search -\n-00013dd0: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 -set=root --labe\n-00013de0: 6c20 4f53 3120 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 l OS1 --hint hd0\n-00013df0: 2c6d 7364 6f73 380a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,msdos8. \n-00013e00: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 configfile /boot\n-00013e10: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a20 /grub/grub.cfg. \n-00013e20: 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 }.. menu\n-00013e30: 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 entry \"OS using \n-00013e40: 6772 7562 322d 6c65 6761 6379 2220 7b0a grub2-legacy\" {.\n-00013e50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2065 insmod e\n-00013e60: 7874 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 xt2. sear\n-00013e70: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n-00013e80: 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3220 2d2d 6869 6e74 label OS2 --hint\n-00013e90: 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 360a 2020 2020 hd0,msdos6. \n-00013ea0: 2020 2020 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 legacy_confi\n-00013eb0: 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 gfile /boot/grub\n-00013ec0: 2f6d 656e 752e 6c73 740a 2020 2020 207d /menu.lst. }\n-00013ed0: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n-00013ee0: 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 5850 2220 7b0a \"Windows XP\" {.\n-00013ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e insmod n\n-00013f00: 7466 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 tfs. sear\n-00013f10: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n-00013f20: 6c61 6265 6c20 5749 4e44 4f57 535f 5850 label WINDOWS_XP\n-00013f30: 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f --hint hd0,msdo\n-00013f40: 7331 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 s1. ntldr\n-00013f50: 202f 6e74 6c64 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a /ntldr. }..\n-00013f60: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n-00013f70: 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 3722 207b 0a20 2020 Windows 7\" {. \n-00013f80: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 insmod ntfs\n-00013f90: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 . search \n-00013fa0: 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 --set=root --lab\n-00013fb0: 656c 2057 494e 444f 5753 5f37 202d 2d68 el WINDOWS_7 --h\n-00013fc0: 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 0a20 int hd0,msdos2. \n-00013fd0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 626f ntldr /bo\n-00013fe0: 6f74 6d67 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 otmgr. }.. \n-00013ff0: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4672 menuentry \"Fr\n-00014000: 6565 4253 4422 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 eeBSD\" {. \n-00014010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 207a insmod z\n-00014020: 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fs. \n-00014030: 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 search --set=r\n-00014040: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 6672 6565 oot --label free\n-00014050: 706f 6f6c 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c pool --hint hd0,\n-00014060: 6d73 646f 7337 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 msdos7. \n-00014070: 2020 2020 2020 6b66 7265 6562 7364 202f kfreebsd /\n-00014080: 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 freebsd@/boot/ke\n-00014090: 726e 656c 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 rnel/kernel. \n-000140a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 kfree\n-000140b0: 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f bsd_module_elf /\n-000140c0: 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 freebsd@/boot/ke\n-000140d0: 726e 656c 2f6f 7065 6e73 6f6c 6172 6973 rnel/opensolaris\n-000140e0: 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .ko. \n-000140f0: 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 kfreebsd_modu\n-00014100: 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 le_elf /freebsd@\n-00014110: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f7a 6673 /boot/kernel/zfs\n-00014120: 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .ko. \n-00014130: 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 kfreebsd_modu\n-00014140: 6c65 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f le /freebsd@/boo\n-00014150: 742f 7a66 732f 7a70 6f6f 6c2e 6361 6368 t/zfs/zpool.cach\n-00014160: 6520 7479 7065 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f7a 6673 e type=/boot/zfs\n-00014170: 2f7a 706f 6f6c 2e63 6163 6865 0a20 2020 /zpool.cache. \n-00014180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 set \n-00014190: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e76 6673 2e72 6f6f kFreeBSD.vfs.roo\n-000141a0: 742e 6d6f 756e 7466 726f 6d3d 7a66 733a t.mountfrom=zfs:\n-000141b0: 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 2f66 7265 6562 7364 freepool/freebsd\n-000141c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000141d0: 7365 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e68 772e set kFreeBSD.hw.\n-000141e0: 7073 6d2e 7379 6e61 7074 6963 735f 7375 psm.synaptics_su\n-000141f0: 7070 6f72 743d 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a pport=1. }..\n-00014200: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n-00014210: 6578 7065 7269 6d65 6e74 616c 2047 5255 experimental GRU\n-00014220: 4222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 B\" {. \n-00014230: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 search --set\n-00014240: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 =root --label GR\n-00014250: 5542 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 UB --hint hd0,ms\n-00014260: 646f 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dos5. \n-00014270: 2020 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2f65 multiboot /e\n-00014280: 7870 6572 696d 656e 7461 6c2f 6772 7562 xperimental/grub\n-00014290: 2f69 3338 362d 7063 2f63 6f72 652e 696d /i386-pc/core.im\n-000142a0: 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d g. }.. m\n-000142b0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 enuentry \"Fedora\n-000142c0: 2031 3620 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7222 207b 16 installer\" {\n-000142d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000142e0: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n-000142f0: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d t --label GRUB -\n-00014300: 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 -hint hd0,msdos5\n-00014310: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00014320: 6c69 6e75 7820 2f66 6564 6f72 612f 766d linux /fedora/vm\n-00014330: 6c69 6e75 7a20 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 linuz lang=en_US\n-00014340: 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c keymap=sg resol\n-00014350: 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 ution=1280x800. \n-00014360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e in\n-00014370: 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 itrd /fedora/ini\n-00014380: 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a trd.img. }..\n-00014390: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n-000143a0: 4665 646f 7261 2072 6177 6869 6465 2069 Fedora rawhide i\n-000143b0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 nstaller\" {. \n-000143c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 searc\n-000143d0: 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c h --set=root --l\n-000143e0: 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 abel GRUB --hint\n-000143f0: 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 hd0,msdos5. \n-00014400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 linux\n-00014410: 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a /fedora/vmlinuz\n-00014420: 2072 6570 6f3d 6674 703a 2f2f 6d69 7272 repo=ftp://mirr\n-00014430: 6f72 2e73 7769 7463 682e 6368 2f6d 6972 or.switch.ch/mir\n-00014440: 726f 722f 6665 646f 7261 2f6c 696e 7578 ror/fedora/linux\n-00014450: 2f64 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2f72 6177 /development/raw\n-00014460: 6869 6465 2f78 3836 5f36 3420 6c61 6e67 hide/x86_64 lang\n-00014470: 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 =en_US keymap=sg\n-00014480: 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 resolution=1280\n-00014490: 7838 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x800. \n-000144a0: 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f initrd /fedo\n-000144b0: 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 ra/initrd.img. \n-000144c0: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 }.. menue\n-000144d0: 6e74 7279 2022 4465 6269 616e 2073 6964 ntry \"Debian sid\n-000144e0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 installer\" {. \n-000144f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 sea\n-00014500: 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d rch --set=root -\n-00014510: 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 -label GRUB --hi\n-00014520: 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 nt hd0,msdos5. \n-00014530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e lin\n-00014540: 7578 202f 6465 6269 616e 2f64 6973 7473 ux /debian/dists\n-00014550: 2f73 6964 2f6d 6169 6e2f 696e 7374 616c /sid/main/instal\n-00014560: 6c65 722d 616d 6436 342f 6375 7272 656e ler-amd64/curren\n-00014570: 742f 696d 6167 6573 2f68 642d 6d65 6469 t/images/hd-medi\n-00014580: 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 2020 a/vmlinuz. \n-00014590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 initrd \n-000145a0: 2f64 6562 6961 6e2f 6469 7374 732f 7369 /debian/dists/si\n-000145b0: 642f 6d61 696e 2f69 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 d/main/installer\n-000145c0: 2d61 6d64 3634 2f63 7572 7265 6e74 2f69 -amd64/current/i\n-000145d0: 6d61 6765 732f 6864 2d6d 6564 6961 2f69 mages/hd-media/i\n-000145e0: 6e69 7472 642e 677a 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a nitrd.gz. }.\n-000145f0: 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 733a 0a20 2020 e280 . Notes:. ..\n-00014600: a220 4172 6775 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 . Argument to se\n-00014610: 6172 6368 2061 6674 6572 202d 6c61 6265 arch after -labe\n-00014620: 6c20 6973 2046 5320 4c41 4245 4c2e 2059 l is FS LABEL. Y\n-00014630: 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 7573 6520 ou can also use \n-00014640: 5555 4944 730a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 UUIDs. with \n-00014650: 2d66 732d 7575 6964 2055 5549 4420 696e -fs-uuid UUID in\n-00014660: 7374 6561 6420 6f66 202d 6c61 6265 6c20 stead of -label \n-00014670: 4c41 4245 4c2e 2059 6f75 2063 6f75 6c64 LABEL. You could\n-00014680: 2061 6c73 6f20 7573 650a 2020 2020 2064 also use. d\n-00014690: 6972 6563 7420 e280 9872 6f6f 743d 6864 irect ...root=hd\n-000146a0: 302c 6d73 646f 7358 e280 9920 6275 7420 0,msdosX... but \n-000146b0: 7468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 636f this is not reco\n-000146c0: 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6475 6520 746f 2064 mmended due to d\n-000146d0: 6576 6963 650a 2020 2020 206e 616d 6520 evice. name \n-000146e0: 696e 7374 6162 696c 6974 792e 0a0a 1f0a instability.....\n-000146f0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00014700: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 456d 6265 6464 6564 Node: Embedded\n-00014710: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 configuration, \n-00014720: 2050 7265 763a 204d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f Prev: Multi-boo\n-00014730: 7420 6d61 6e75 616c 2063 6f6e 6669 672c t manual config,\n-00014740: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 Up: Configurat\n-00014750: 696f 6e0a 0a36 2e35 2045 6d62 6564 6469 ion..6.5 Embeddi\n-00014760: 6e67 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ng a configurati\n-00014770: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 696e 746f 2047 5255 on file into GRU\n-00014780: 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d B.==============\n+00013980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 6e74 =======..Current\n+00013990: 6c79 2061 7574 6f67 656e 6572 6174 696e ly autogeneratin\n+000139a0: 6720 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6573 2066 g config files f\n+000139b0: 6f72 206d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 656e or multi-boot en\n+000139c0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 0a64 6570 656e vironments.depen\n+000139d0: 6473 206f 6e20 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 ds on os-prober \n+000139e0: 616e 6420 6861 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 and has several \n+000139f0: 7368 6f72 7463 6f6d 696e 6773 2e20 2044 shortcomings. D\n+00013a00: 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 ue to that it is\n+00013a10: 0a64 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 .disabled by def\n+00013a20: 6175 6c74 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2061 6476 ault. It is adv\n+00013a30: 6973 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 ised to use the \n+00013a40: 706f 7765 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 7379 power of GRUB sy\n+00013a50: 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 0a64 6f20 6974 2079 ntax and.do it y\n+00013a60: 6f75 7273 656c 662e 2020 4120 706f 7373 ourself. A poss\n+00013a70: 6962 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ible configurati\n+00013a80: 6f6e 2069 7320 6465 7461 696c 6564 2068 on is detailed h\n+00013a90: 6572 652c 2066 6565 6c20 6672 6565 2074 ere, feel free t\n+00013aa0: 6f0a 6164 6a75 7374 2074 6f20 796f 7572 o.adjust to your\n+00013ab0: 206e 6565 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 7273 needs... Firs\n+00013ac0: 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 2073 6570 6172 t create a separ\n+00013ad0: 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 7469 ate GRUB partiti\n+00013ae0: 6f6e 2c20 6269 6720 656e 6f75 6768 2074 on, big enough t\n+00013af0: 6f20 686f 6c64 2047 5255 422e 2053 6f6d o hold GRUB. Som\n+00013b00: 650a 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 e.of the followi\n+00013b10: 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2073 686f 7720 ng entries show \n+00013b20: 686f 7720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 4f53 2069 how to load OS i\n+00013b30: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2069 6d61 6765 7320 nstaller images \n+00013b40: 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 730a 7361 6d65 2070 from this.same p\n+00013b50: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 666f 7220 7468 artition, for th\n+00013b60: 6174 2079 6f75 206f 6276 696f 7573 6c79 at you obviously\n+00013b70: 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 need to make th\n+00013b80: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6c61 7267 e partition larg\n+00013b90: 650a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 e.enough to hold\n+00013ba0: 2074 686f 7365 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6173 those images as\n+00013bb0: 2077 656c 6c2e 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 7468 well. Mount th\n+00013bc0: 6973 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6e2f is partition on/\n+00013bd0: 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 0a61 6e64 2064 6973 mnt/boot.and dis\n+00013be0: 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 696e 2061 6c6c able GRUB in all\n+00013bf0: 204f 5365 7320 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 616c OSes and manual\n+00013c00: 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2073 656c 662d ly install self-\n+00013c10: 636f 6d70 696c 6564 206c 6174 6573 740a compiled latest.\n+00013c20: 4752 5542 2077 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 20e2 GRUB with:.. .\n+00013c30: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d ..grub-install -\n+00013c40: 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d -boot-directory=\n+00013c50: 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 /mnt/boot /dev/s\n+00013c60: 6461 e280 990a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6c6c da..... In all\n+00013c70: 2074 6865 204f 5365 7320 696e 7374 616c the OSes instal\n+00013c80: 6c20 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2062 7574 l GRUB tools but\n+00013c90: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c disable install\n+00013ca0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e0a 626f 6f74 ing GRUB in.boot\n+00013cb0: 7365 6374 6f72 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 276c sector, so you'l\n+00013cc0: 6c20 6861 7665 206d 656e 752e 6c73 7420 l have menu.lst \n+00013cd0: 616e 6420 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2061 7661 and grub.cfg ava\n+00013ce0: 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2e0a ilable for use..\n+00013cf0: 416c 736f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 206f 732d Also disable os-\n+00013d00: 7072 6f62 6572 2075 7365 2062 7920 7365 prober use by se\n+00013d10: 7474 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 4752 tting:.. ...GR\n+00013d20: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 UB_DISABLE_OS_PR\n+00013d30: 4f42 4552 3d74 7275 65e2 8099 0a0a 2020 OBER=true..... \n+00013d40: 2069 6e20 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 in /etc/default\n+00013d50: 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2077 /grub.. Then w\n+00013d60: 7269 7465 2061 2067 7275 622e 6366 6720 rite a grub.cfg \n+00013d70: 282f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f (/mnt/boot/grub/\n+00013d80: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 293a 0a0a 0a20 2020 grub.cfg):... \n+00013d90: 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 menuentry \"OS \n+00013da0: 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 3222 207b 0a20 using grub2\" {. \n+00013db0: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7866 insmod xf\n+00013dc0: 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 s. search\n+00013dd0: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 --set=root --la\n+00013de0: 6265 6c20 4f53 3120 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 bel OS1 --hint h\n+00013df0: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 380a 2020 2020 2020 d0,msdos8. \n+00013e00: 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f configfile /bo\n+00013e10: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n+00013e20: 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 . }.. me\n+00013e30: 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e nuentry \"OS usin\n+00013e40: 6720 6772 7562 322d 6c65 6761 6379 2220 g grub2-legacy\" \n+00013e50: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 {. insmod\n+00013e60: 2065 7874 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 ext2. se\n+00013e70: 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 arch --set=root \n+00013e80: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3220 2d2d 6869 --label OS2 --hi\n+00013e90: 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 360a 2020 nt hd0,msdos6. \n+00013ea0: 2020 2020 2020 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e legacy_con\n+00013eb0: 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 figfile /boot/gr\n+00013ec0: 7562 2f6d 656e 752e 6c73 740a 2020 2020 ub/menu.lst. \n+00013ed0: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n+00013ee0: 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 5850 2220 ry \"Windows XP\" \n+00013ef0: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 {. insmod\n+00013f00: 206e 7466 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 ntfs. se\n+00013f10: 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 arch --set=root \n+00013f20: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 5749 4e44 4f57 535f --label WINDOWS_\n+00013f30: 5850 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 XP --hint hd0,ms\n+00013f40: 646f 7331 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c dos1. ntl\n+00013f50: 6472 202f 6e74 6c64 720a 2020 2020 207d dr /ntldr. }\n+00013f60: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n+00013f70: 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 3722 207b 0a20 \"Windows 7\" {. \n+00013f80: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 insmod nt\n+00013f90: 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 fs. searc\n+00013fa0: 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c h --set=root --l\n+00013fb0: 6162 656c 2057 494e 444f 5753 5f37 202d abel WINDOWS_7 -\n+00013fc0: 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 -hint hd0,msdos2\n+00013fd0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f . ntldr /\n+00013fe0: 626f 6f74 6d67 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a bootmgr. }..\n+00013ff0: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n+00014000: 4672 6565 4253 4422 207b 0a20 2020 2020 FreeBSD\" {. \n+00014010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 insmod\n+00014020: 207a 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 zfs. \n+00014030: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 search --set\n+00014040: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 6672 =root --label fr\n+00014050: 6565 706f 6f6c 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 eepool --hint hd\n+00014060: 302c 6d73 646f 7337 0a20 2020 2020 2020 0,msdos7. \n+00014070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b66 7265 6562 7364 kfreebsd\n+00014080: 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f /freebsd@/boot/\n+00014090: 6b65 726e 656c 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 kernel/kernel. \n+000140a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 kfr\n+000140b0: 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 eebsd_module_elf\n+000140c0: 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f /freebsd@/boot/\n+000140d0: 6b65 726e 656c 2f6f 7065 6e73 6f6c 6172 kernel/opensolar\n+000140e0: 6973 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 is.ko. \n+000140f0: 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f kfreebsd_mo\n+00014100: 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 dule_elf /freebs\n+00014110: 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f7a d@/boot/kernel/z\n+00014120: 6673 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fs.ko. \n+00014130: 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f kfreebsd_mo\n+00014140: 6475 6c65 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 dule /freebsd@/b\n+00014150: 6f6f 742f 7a66 732f 7a70 6f6f 6c2e 6361 oot/zfs/zpool.ca\n+00014160: 6368 6520 7479 7065 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f7a che type=/boot/z\n+00014170: 6673 2f7a 706f 6f6c 2e63 6163 6865 0a20 fs/zpool.cache. \n+00014180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n+00014190: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e76 6673 2e72 t kFreeBSD.vfs.r\n+000141a0: 6f6f 742e 6d6f 756e 7466 726f 6d3d 7a66 oot.mountfrom=zf\n+000141b0: 733a 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 2f66 7265 6562 s:freepool/freeb\n+000141c0: 7364 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sd. \n+000141d0: 2020 7365 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e68 set kFreeBSD.h\n+000141e0: 772e 7073 6d2e 7379 6e61 7074 6963 735f w.psm.synaptics_\n+000141f0: 7375 7070 6f72 743d 310a 2020 2020 207d support=1. }\n+00014200: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n+00014210: 2022 6578 7065 7269 6d65 6e74 616c 2047 \"experimental G\n+00014220: 5255 4222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 RUB\" {. \n+00014230: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 search --s\n+00014240: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 et=root --label \n+00014250: 4752 5542 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c GRUB --hint hd0,\n+00014260: 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 msdos5. \n+00014270: 2020 2020 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 multiboot \n+00014280: 2f65 7870 6572 696d 656e 7461 6c2f 6772 /experimental/gr\n+00014290: 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 2f63 6f72 652e ub/i386-pc/core.\n+000142a0: 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 img. }.. \n+000142b0: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f menuentry \"Fedo\n+000142c0: 7261 2031 3620 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7222 ra 16 installer\"\n+000142d0: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n+000142e0: 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 search --set=r\n+000142f0: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 oot --label GRUB\n+00014300: 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f --hint hd0,msdo\n+00014310: 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s5. \n+00014320: 2020 6c69 6e75 7820 2f66 6564 6f72 612f linux /fedora/\n+00014330: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f vmlinuz lang=en_\n+00014340: 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 US keymap=sg res\n+00014350: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 olution=1280x800\n+00014360: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00014370: 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 initrd /fedora/i\n+00014380: 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d nitrd.img. }\n+00014390: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n+000143a0: 2022 4665 646f 7261 2072 6177 6869 6465 \"Fedora rawhide\n+000143b0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 installer\" {. \n+000143c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 sea\n+000143d0: 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d rch --set=root -\n+000143e0: 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 -label GRUB --hi\n+000143f0: 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 nt hd0,msdos5. \n+00014400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e lin\n+00014410: 7578 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f76 6d6c 696e ux /fedora/vmlin\n+00014420: 757a 2072 6570 6f3d 6674 703a 2f2f 6d69 uz repo=ftp://mi\n+00014430: 7272 6f72 2e73 7769 7463 682e 6368 2f6d rror.switch.ch/m\n+00014440: 6972 726f 722f 6665 646f 7261 2f6c 696e irror/fedora/lin\n+00014450: 7578 2f64 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2f72 ux/development/r\n+00014460: 6177 6869 6465 2f78 3836 5f36 3420 6c61 awhide/x86_64 la\n+00014470: 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d ng=en_US keymap=\n+00014480: 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 sg resolution=12\n+00014490: 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 80x800. \n+000144a0: 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 initrd /fe\n+000144b0: 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a dora/initrd.img.\n+000144c0: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e }.. men\n+000144d0: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4465 6269 616e 2073 uentry \"Debian s\n+000144e0: 6964 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a id installer\" {.\n+000144f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+00014500: 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 earch --set=root\n+00014510: 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d --label GRUB --\n+00014520: 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a hint hd0,msdos5.\n+00014530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c l\n+00014540: 696e 7578 202f 6465 6269 616e 2f64 6973 inux /debian/dis\n+00014550: 7473 2f73 6964 2f6d 6169 6e2f 696e 7374 ts/sid/main/inst\n+00014560: 616c 6c65 722d 616d 6436 342f 6375 7272 aller-amd64/curr\n+00014570: 656e 742f 696d 6167 6573 2f68 642d 6d65 ent/images/hd-me\n+00014580: 6469 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 dia/vmlinuz. \n+00014590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 initr\n+000145a0: 6420 2f64 6562 6961 6e2f 6469 7374 732f d /debian/dists/\n+000145b0: 7369 642f 6d61 696e 2f69 6e73 7461 6c6c sid/main/install\n+000145c0: 6572 2d61 6d64 3634 2f63 7572 7265 6e74 er-amd64/current\n+000145d0: 2f69 6d61 6765 732f 6864 2d6d 6564 6961 /images/hd-media\n+000145e0: 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a 0a20 2020 2020 /initrd.gz. \n+000145f0: 7d0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 733a 0a20 2020 }.. Notes:. \n+00014600: e280 a220 4172 6775 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 ... Argument to \n+00014610: 7365 6172 6368 2061 6674 6572 202d 6c61 search after -la\n+00014620: 6265 6c20 6973 2046 5320 4c41 4245 4c2e bel is FS LABEL.\n+00014630: 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 7573 You can also us\n+00014640: 6520 5555 4944 730a 2020 2020 2077 6974 e UUIDs. wit\n+00014650: 6820 2d66 732d 7575 6964 2055 5549 4420 h -fs-uuid UUID \n+00014660: 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 202d 6c61 6265 instead of -labe\n+00014670: 6c20 4c41 4245 4c2e 2059 6f75 2063 6f75 l LABEL. You cou\n+00014680: 6c64 2061 6c73 6f20 7573 650a 2020 2020 ld also use. \n+00014690: 2064 6972 6563 7420 e280 9872 6f6f 743d direct ...root=\n+000146a0: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7358 e280 9920 6275 hd0,msdosX... bu\n+000146b0: 7420 7468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 t this is not re\n+000146c0: 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6475 6520 746f commended due to\n+000146d0: 2064 6576 6963 650a 2020 2020 206e 616d device. nam\n+000146e0: 6520 696e 7374 6162 696c 6974 792e 0a0a e instability...\n+000146f0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00014700: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 456d 6265 6464 o, Node: Embedd\n+00014710: 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ed configuration\n+00014720: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 756c 7469 2d62 , Prev: Multi-b\n+00014730: 6f6f 7420 6d61 6e75 616c 2063 6f6e 6669 oot manual confi\n+00014740: 672c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 g, Up: Configur\n+00014750: 6174 696f 6e0a 0a36 2e35 2045 6d62 6564 ation..6.5 Embed\n+00014760: 6469 6e67 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ding a configura\n+00014770: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 696e 746f 2047 tion file into G\n+00014780: 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d RUB.============\n 00014790: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-000147b0: 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 656d GRUB supports em\n-000147c0: 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 bedding a config\n-000147d0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2064 6972 uration file dir\n-000147e0: 6563 746c 7920 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 ectly into the c\n-000147f0: 6f72 650a 696d 6167 652c 2073 6f20 7468 ore.image, so th\n-00014800: 6174 2069 7420 6973 206c 6f61 6465 6420 at it is loaded \n-00014810: 6265 666f 7265 2065 6e74 6572 696e 6720 before entering \n-00014820: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652e 2020 5468 normal mode. Th\n-00014830: 6973 2069 730a 7573 6566 756c 2c20 666f is is.useful, fo\n-00014840: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2077 6865 6e20 r example, when \n-00014850: 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7374 7261 6967 it is not straig\n-00014860: 6874 666f 7277 6172 6420 746f 2066 696e htforward to fin\n-00014870: 6420 7468 6520 7265 616c 0a63 6f6e 6669 d the real.confi\n-00014880: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 206f guration file, o\n-00014890: 7220 7768 656e 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 r when you need \n-000148a0: 746f 2064 6562 7567 2070 726f 626c 656d to debug problem\n-000148b0: 7320 7769 7468 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 s with loading t\n-000148c0: 6861 740a 6669 6c65 2e20 20e2 8098 6772 hat.file. ...gr\n-000148d0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 7573 ub-install... us\n-000148e0: 6573 2074 6869 7320 6665 6174 7572 6520 es this feature \n-000148f0: 7768 656e 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2075 when it is not u\n-00014900: 7369 6e67 2042 494f 5320 6469 736b 0a66 sing BIOS disk.f\n-00014910: 756e 6374 696f 6e73 206f 7220 7768 656e unctions or when\n-00014920: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 746f 2061 installing to a\n-00014930: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2064 6973 6b20 different disk \n-00014940: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206f 6e65 2063 6f6e from the one con\n-00014950: 7461 696e 696e 670a e280 982f 626f 6f74 taining..../boot\n-00014960: 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 696e 2077 6869 /grub..., in whi\n-00014970: 6368 2063 6173 6520 6974 206e 6565 6473 ch case it needs\n-00014980: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 9873 to use the ...s\n-00014990: 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 earch... command\n-000149a0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 7365 6172 6368 3a3a (*note.search::\n-000149b0: 2920 746f 2066 696e 6420 e280 982f 626f ) to find .../bo\n-000149c0: 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 ot/grub...... \n-000149d0: 546f 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 To embed a confi\n-000149e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2075 guration file, u\n-000149f0: 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d63 e280 9920 se the ...-c... \n-00014a00: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9867 7275 option to ...gru\n-00014a10: 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2e0a 5468 b-mkimage.....Th\n-00014a20: 6520 6669 6c65 2069 7320 636f 7069 6564 e file is copied\n-00014a30: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 into the core i\n-00014a40: 6d61 6765 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d61 7920 mage, so it may \n-00014a50: 7265 7369 6465 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 reside anywhere \n-00014a60: 6f6e 2074 6865 0a66 696c 6520 7379 7374 on the.file syst\n-00014a70: 656d 2c20 616e 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2072 em, and may be r\n-00014a80: 656d 6f76 6564 2061 6674 6572 2072 756e emoved after run\n-00014a90: 6e69 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 ning ...grub-mki\n-00014aa0: 6d61 6765 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 mage...... Aft\n-00014ab0: 6572 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 er the embedded \n-00014ac0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-00014ad0: 6c65 2028 6966 2061 6e79 2920 6973 2065 le (if any) is e\n-00014ae0: 7865 6375 7465 642c 2047 5255 4220 7769 xecuted, GRUB wi\n-00014af0: 6c6c 0a6c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 e280 986e ll.load the ...n\n-00014b00: 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6520 ormal... module \n-00014b10: 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 (*note normal::)\n-00014b20: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7769 6c6c 2074 6865 , which will the\n-00014b30: 6e20 7265 6164 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c0a n read the real.\n-00014b40: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-00014b50: 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9824 7072 6566 le from ...$pref\n-00014b60: 6978 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2e20 ix/grub.cfg.... \n-00014b70: 2042 7920 7468 6973 2070 6f69 6e74 2c20 By this point, \n-00014b80: 7468 6520 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 0a76 the ...root....v\n-00014b90: 6172 6961 626c 6520 7769 6c6c 2061 6c73 ariable will als\n-00014ba0: 6f20 6861 7665 2062 6565 6e20 7365 7420 o have been set \n-00014bb0: 746f 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 to the root devi\n-00014bc0: 6365 206e 616d 652e 2020 466f 7220 6578 ce name. For ex\n-00014bd0: 616d 706c 652c 0ae2 8098 7072 6566 6978 ample,....prefix\n-00014be0: e280 9920 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2073 6574 ... might be set\n-00014bf0: 2074 6f20 e280 9828 6864 302c 3129 2f62 to ...(hd0,1)/b\n-00014c00: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992c 2061 6e64 oot/grub..., and\n-00014c10: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 6d69 6768 ...root... migh\n-00014c20: 7420 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f0a e280 9868 t be set to....h\n-00014c30: 6430 2c31 e280 992e 2020 5468 7573 2c20 d0,1.... Thus, \n-00014c40: 696e 206d 6f73 7420 6361 7365 732c 2074 in most cases, t\n-00014c50: 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 he embedded conf\n-00014c60: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206f iguration file o\n-00014c70: 6e6c 790a 6e65 6564 7320 746f 2073 6574 nly.needs to set\n-00014c80: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 the ...prefix..\n-00014c90: 9920 616e 6420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 . and ...root...\n-00014ca0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 616e 6420 variables, and \n-00014cb0: 7468 656e 2064 726f 7020 7468 726f 7567 then drop throug\n-00014cc0: 6820 746f 0a47 5255 4227 7320 6e6f 726d h to.GRUB's norm\n-00014cd0: 616c 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e 672e 2020 al processing. \n-00014ce0: 4120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 6578 616d 706c A typical exampl\n-00014cf0: 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6d69 6768 7420 e of this might \n-00014d00: 6c6f 6f6b 206c 696b 650a 7468 6973 3a0a look like.this:.\n-00014d10: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 2e66 735f . search.fs_\n-00014d20: 7575 6964 2030 3132 3334 3536 372d 3839 uuid 01234567-89\n-00014d30: 6162 2d63 6465 662d 3031 3233 2d34 3536 ab-cdef-0123-456\n-00014d40: 3738 3961 6263 6465 6620 726f 6f74 0a20 789abcdef root. \n-00014d50: 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 set prefix=(\n-00014d60: 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 $root)/boot/grub\n-00014d70: 0a0a 2020 2028 5468 6520 e280 9873 6561 .. (The ...sea\n-00014d80: 7263 685f 6673 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 206d rch_fs_uuid... m\n-00014d90: 6f64 756c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 6520 696e odule must be in\n-00014da0: 636c 7564 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f cluded in the co\n-00014db0: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 0a74 6869 re image for.thi\n-00014dc0: 7320 6578 616d 706c 6520 746f 2077 6f72 s example to wor\n-00014dd0: 6b2e 290a 0a20 2020 496e 206d 6f72 6520 k.).. In more \n-00014de0: 636f 6d70 6c65 7820 6361 7365 732c 2069 complex cases, i\n-00014df0: 7420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 t may be useful \n-00014e00: 746f 2072 6561 6420 6f74 6865 7220 636f to read other co\n-00014e10: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 6669 6c65 nfiguration.file\n-00014e20: 7320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 s directly from \n-00014e30: 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e the embedded con\n-00014e40: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652e figuration file.\n-00014e50: 2020 5468 6973 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7375 This allows su\n-00014e60: 6368 0a74 6869 6e67 7320 6173 2072 6561 ch.things as rea\n-00014e70: 6469 6e67 2066 696c 6573 206e 6f74 2063 ding files not c\n-00014e80: 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 alled ...grub.cf\n-00014e90: 67e2 8099 2c20 6f72 2072 6561 6469 6e67 g..., or reading\n-00014ea0: 2066 696c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 610a 6469 files from a.di\n-00014eb0: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6f74 6865 7220 7468 rectory other th\n-00014ec0: 616e 2074 6861 7420 7768 6572 6520 4752 an that where GR\n-00014ed0: 5542 2773 206c 6f61 6461 626c 6520 6d6f UB's loadable mo\n-00014ee0: 6475 6c65 7320 6172 6520 696e 7374 616c dules are instal\n-00014ef0: 6c65 642e 0a54 6f20 646f 2074 6869 732c led..To do this,\n-00014f00: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2074 6865 20e2 8098 include the ...\n-00014f10: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 616e configfile... an\n-00014f20: 6420 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d d ...normal... m\n-00014f30: 6f64 756c 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f odules in the co\n-00014f40: 7265 0a69 6d61 6765 2c20 616e 6420 656d re.image, and em\n-00014f50: 6265 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 bed a configurat\n-00014f60: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 7573 ion file that us\n-00014f70: 6573 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 es the ...config\n-00014f80: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 640a file... command.\n-00014f90: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 to load another \n-00014fa0: 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f file. The follo\n-00014fb0: 7769 6e67 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 wing example of \n-00014fc0: 7468 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7265 7175 6972 this also requir\n-00014fd0: 6573 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6563 686f e280 es the....echo..\n-00014fe0: 992c 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 5f6c 6162 ., ...search_lab\n-00014ff0: 656c e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7465 el..., and ...te\n-00015000: 7374 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 746f st... modules to\n-00015010: 2062 6520 696e 636c 7564 6564 2069 6e20 be included in \n-00015020: 7468 6520 636f 7265 0a69 6d61 6765 3a0a the core.image:.\n-00015030: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 2e66 735f . search.fs_\n-00015040: 6c61 6265 6c20 6772 7562 2072 6f6f 740a label grub root.\n-00015050: 2020 2020 2069 6620 5b20 2d65 202f 626f if [ -e /bo\n-00015060: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f ot/grub/example/\n-00015070: 7465 7374 312e 6366 6720 5d3b 2074 6865 test1.cfg ]; the\n-00015080: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 n. set p\n-00015090: 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f refix=($root)/bo\n-000150a0: 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot/grub. \n-000150b0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f configfile /boo\n-000150c0: 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 t/grub/example/t\n-000150d0: 6573 7431 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 656c est1.cfg. el\n-000150e0: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 6966 205b se. if [\n-000150f0: 202d 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 -e /boot/grub/e\n-00015100: 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7432 2e63 6667 xample/test2.cfg\n-00015110: 205d 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ]; then. \n-00015120: 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 set prefix\n-00015130: 3d28 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 =($root)/boot/gr\n-00015140: 7562 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ub. \n-00015150: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 configfile /boot\n-00015160: 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 /grub/example/te\n-00015170: 7374 322e 6366 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 st2.cfg. \n-00015180: 2065 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 else. \n-00015190: 2020 2065 6368 6f20 2243 6f75 6c64 206e echo \"Could n\n-000151a0: 6f74 2066 696e 6420 616e 2065 7861 6d70 ot find an examp\n-000151b0: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n-000151c0: 2066 696c 6521 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 file!\". \n-000151d0: 2066 690a 2020 2020 2066 690a 0a20 2020 fi. fi.. \n-000151e0: 5468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e The embedded con\n-000151f0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-00015200: 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 may not contain \n-00015210: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a64 6972 menu entries.dir\n-00015220: 6563 746c 792c 2062 7574 206d 6179 206f ectly, but may o\n-00015230: 6e6c 7920 7265 6164 2074 6865 6d20 6672 nly read them fr\n-00015240: 6f6d 2065 6c73 6577 6865 7265 2075 7369 om elsewhere usi\n-00015250: 6e67 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 ng ...configfile\n-00015260: e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ........File: gr\n-00015270: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00015280: 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 Theme file forma\n-00015290: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 t, Next: Networ\n-000152a0: 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 k, Prev: Config\n-000152b0: 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f uration, Up: To\n-000152c0: 700a 0a37 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 p..7 Theme file \n-000152d0: 666f 726d 6174 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a format.*********\n-000152e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 372e 3120 **********..7.1 \n-000152f0: 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d Introduction.===\n-00015300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n-00015310: 6865 2047 5255 4220 6772 6170 6869 6361 he GRUB graphica\n-00015320: 6c20 6d65 6e75 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 l menu supports \n-00015330: 7468 656d 6573 2074 6861 7420 6361 6e20 themes that can \n-00015340: 6375 7374 6f6d 697a 6520 7468 6520 6c61 customize the la\n-00015350: 796f 7574 0a61 6e64 2061 7070 6561 7261 yout.and appeara\n-00015360: 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 nce of the GRUB \n-00015370: 626f 6f74 206d 656e 752e 2020 5468 6520 boot menu. The \n-00015380: 7468 656d 6520 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 theme is configu\n-00015390: 7265 6420 7468 726f 7567 6820 610a 706c red through a.pl\n-000153a0: 6169 6e20 7465 7874 2066 696c 6520 7468 ain text file th\n-000153b0: 6174 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 at specifies the\n-000153c0: 206c 6179 6f75 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2076 layout of the v\n-000153d0: 6172 696f 7573 2047 5549 2063 6f6d 706f arious GUI compo\n-000153e0: 6e65 6e74 730a 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 nents.(including\n-000153f0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2c20 the boot menu, \n-00015400: 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7072 6f67 7265 7373 timeout progress\n-00015410: 2062 6172 2c20 616e 6420 7465 7874 206d bar, and text m\n-00015420: 6573 7361 6765 7329 2061 730a 7765 6c6c essages) as.well\n-00015430: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6170 7065 6172 616e as the appearan\n-00015440: 6365 2075 7369 6e67 2063 6f6c 6f72 732c ce using colors,\n-00015450: 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 696d 6167 fonts, and imag\n-00015460: 6573 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 730a es. Example is.\n-00015470: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2064 6f63 available in doc\n-00015480: 732f 6578 616d 706c 655f 7468 656d 652e s/example_theme.\n-00015490: 7478 740a 0a37 2e32 2054 6865 6d65 2045 txt..7.2 Theme E\n-000154a0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d lements.========\n-000154b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 372e 322e ==========..7.2.\n-000154c0: 3120 436f 6c6f 7273 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 1 Colors.-------\n-000154d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a43 6f6c 6f72 7320 6361 -----..Colors ca\n-000154e0: 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 n be specified i\n-000154f0: 6e20 7365 7665 7261 6c20 7761 7973 3a0a n several ways:.\n-00015500: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4854 4d4c 2d73 7479 . ... HTML-sty\n-00015510: 6c65 2022 2352 5247 4742 4222 206f 7220 le \"#RRGGBB\" or \n-00015520: 2223 5247 4222 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2077 \"#RGB\" format, w\n-00015530: 6865 7265 202a 522a 2c20 2a47 2a2c 2061 here *R*, *G*, a\n-00015540: 6e64 202a 422a 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 nd *B* are. \n-00015550: 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 hexadecimal digi\n-00015560: 7473 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2223 3838 3939 ts (e.g., \"#8899\n-00015570: 4646 2229 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6173 2063 FF\"). ... as c\n-00015580: 6f6d 6d61 2d73 6570 6172 6174 6564 2064 omma-separated d\n-00015590: 6563 696d 616c 2052 4742 2076 616c 7565 ecimal RGB value\n-000155a0: 7320 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 3132 382c 2031 s (e.g., \"128, 1\n-000155b0: 3238 2c20 3235 3522 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 28, 255\"). ...\n-000155c0: 2077 6974 6820 2253 5647 2031 2e30 2063 with \"SVG 1.0 c\n-000155d0: 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2220 2865 2e67 olor names\" (e.g\n-000155e0: 2e2c 2022 636f 726e 666c 6f77 6572 626c ., \"cornflowerbl\n-000155f0: 7565 2229 2077 6869 6368 206d 7573 7420 ue\") which must \n-00015600: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 be. specifie\n-00015610: 6420 696e 206c 6f77 6572 6361 7365 2e0a d in lowercase..\n-00015620: 0a37 2e32 2e32 2046 6f6e 7473 0a2d 2d2d .7.2.2 Fonts.---\n-00015630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f --------..The fo\n-00015640: 6e74 7320 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 2250 nts GRUB uses \"P\n-00015650: 4646 3220 666f 6e74 2066 6f72 6d61 7422 FF2 font format\"\n-00015660: 2062 6974 6d61 7020 666f 6e74 732e 2020 bitmap fonts. \n-00015670: 466f 6e74 7320 6172 650a 7370 6563 6966 Fonts are.specif\n-00015680: 6965 6420 7769 7468 2066 756c 6c20 666f ied with full fo\n-00015690: 6e74 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2043 7572 7265 nt names. Curre\n-000156a0: 6e74 6c79 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f ntly there is no\n-000156b0: 2070 726f 7669 7369 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 provision for a\n-000156c0: 0a70 7265 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6c69 7374 .preference list\n-000156d0: 206f 6620 666f 6e74 732c 206f 7220 6465 of fonts, or de\n-000156e0: 7269 7669 6e67 206f 6e65 2066 6f6e 7420 riving one font \n-000156f0: 6672 6f6d 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2e20 2046 from another. F\n-00015700: 6f6e 7473 2061 7265 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 onts are.loaded \n-00015710: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2022 6c6f 6164 666f with the \"loadfo\n-00015720: 6e74 2220 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 696e 2047 nt\" command in G\n-00015730: 5255 4220 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f61 6466 RUB (*note loadf\n-00015740: 6f6e 743a 3a29 2e20 2054 6f20 7365 650a ont::). To see.\n-00015750: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6c6f 6164 the list of load\n-00015760: 6564 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 6578 6563 7574 ed fonts, execut\n-00015770: 6520 7468 6520 226c 7366 6f6e 7473 2220 e the \"lsfonts\" \n-00015780: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a6c command (*note.l\n-00015790: 7366 6f6e 7473 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2074 sfonts::). If t\n-000157a0: 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 6f6f 206d 616e here are too man\n-000157b0: 7920 666f 6e74 7320 746f 2066 6974 206f y fonts to fit o\n-000157c0: 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2c20 646f 2022 7365 n screen, do \"se\n-000157d0: 740a 7061 6765 723d 3122 2062 6566 6f72 t.pager=1\" befor\n-000157e0: 6520 6578 6563 7574 696e 6720 226c 7366 e executing \"lsf\n-000157f0: 6f6e 7473 222e 0a0a 372e 322e 3320 5072 onts\"...7.2.3 Pr\n-00015800: 6f67 7265 7373 2042 6172 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ogress Bar.-----\n-00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a46 -------------..F\n-00015820: 6967 7572 6520 372e 310a 0a46 6967 7572 igure 7.1..Figur\n-00015830: 6520 372e 320a 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 e 7.2.Progress b\n-00015840: 6172 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 ars are used to \n-00015850: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 6d61 display the rema\n-00015860: 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2062 6566 6f72 ining time befor\n-00015870: 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 0a74 6865 e GRUB boots.the\n-00015880: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e default menu en\n-00015890: 7472 792e 2020 546f 2063 7265 6174 6520 try. To create \n-000158a0: 6120 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2074 a progress bar t\n-000158b0: 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 hat will display\n-000158c0: 2074 6865 0a72 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 the.remaining t\n-000158d0: 696d 6520 6265 666f 7265 2061 7574 6f6d ime before autom\n-000158e0: 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 742c 2073 696d 706c atic boot, simpl\n-000158f0: 7920 6372 6561 7465 2061 2022 7072 6f67 y create a \"prog\n-00015900: 7265 7373 5f62 6172 220a 636f 6d70 6f6e ress_bar\".compon\n-00015910: 656e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6420 ent with the id \n-00015920: 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 222e 2020 \"__timeout__\". \n-00015930: 5468 6973 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 This indicates t\n-00015940: 6f20 4752 5542 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a o GRUB that the.\n-00015950: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2073 686f progress bar sho\n-00015960: 756c 6420 6265 2075 7064 6174 6564 2061 uld be updated a\n-00015970: 7320 7469 6d65 2070 6173 7365 732c 2061 s time passes, a\n-00015980: 6e64 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 nd it should be \n-00015990: 6d61 6465 0a69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2069 made.invisible i\n-000159a0: 6620 7468 6520 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 f the countdown \n-000159b0: 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f to automatic boo\n-000159c0: 7420 6973 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 t is interrupted\n-000159d0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 7573 6572 2e0a 0a20 by the user... \n-000159e0: 2020 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 Progress bars \n-000159f0: 6d61 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2068 may optionally h\n-00015a00: 6176 6520 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 ave text display\n-00015a10: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6869 ed on them. Thi\n-00015a20: 7320 7465 7874 0a69 7320 636f 6e74 726f s text.is contro\n-00015a30: 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 lled by variable\n-00015a40: 2022 7465 7874 2220 7768 6963 6820 636f \"text\" which co\n-00015a50: 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 2070 7269 6e74 6620 ntains a printf \n-00015a60: 7465 6d70 6c61 7465 2077 6974 680a 7468 template with.th\n-00015a70: 6520 6f6e 6c79 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 e only argument \n-00015a80: 2564 2069 7320 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 %d is the number\n-00015a90: 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 7320 7265 6d61 of seconds rema\n-00015aa0: 696e 696e 672e 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e ining. Addition\n-00015ab0: 616c 6c79 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2076 616c ally.special val\n-00015ac0: 7565 7320 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f ues \"@TIMEOUT_NO\n-00015ad0: 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 TIFICATION_SHORT\n-00015ae0: 4022 2c0a 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f @\",.\"@TIMEOUT_NO\n-00015af0: 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c TIFICATION_MIDDL\n-00015b00: 4540 222c 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e E@\", \"@TIMEOUT_N\n-00015b10: 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 OTIFICATION_LONG\n-00015b20: 4022 2061 7265 0a72 6570 6c61 6365 6420 @\" are.replaced \n-00015b30: 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 616e with standard an\n-00015b40: 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2074 656d d translated tem\n-00015b50: 706c 6174 6573 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e34 2043 plates...7.2.4 C\n-00015b60: 6972 6375 6c61 7220 5072 6f67 7265 7373 ircular Progress\n-00015b70: 2049 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d Indicator.-----\n+000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000147b0: 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 ..GRUB supports \n+000147c0: 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 embedding a conf\n+000147d0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2064 iguration file d\n+000147e0: 6972 6563 746c 7920 696e 746f 2074 6865 irectly into the\n+000147f0: 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 652c 2073 6f20 core.image, so \n+00014800: 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 206c 6f61 6465 that it is loade\n+00014810: 6420 6265 666f 7265 2065 6e74 6572 696e d before enterin\n+00014820: 6720 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652e 2020 g normal mode. \n+00014830: 5468 6973 2069 730a 7573 6566 756c 2c20 This is.useful, \n+00014840: 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2077 6865 for example, whe\n+00014850: 6e20 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7374 7261 n it is not stra\n+00014860: 6967 6874 666f 7277 6172 6420 746f 2066 ightforward to f\n+00014870: 696e 6420 7468 6520 7265 616c 0a63 6f6e ind the real.con\n+00014880: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c figuration file,\n+00014890: 206f 7220 7768 656e 2079 6f75 206e 6565 or when you nee\n+000148a0: 6420 746f 2064 6562 7567 2070 726f 626c d to debug probl\n+000148b0: 656d 7320 7769 7468 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 ems with loading\n+000148c0: 2074 6861 740a 6669 6c65 2e20 20e2 8098 that.file. ...\n+000148d0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 grub-install... \n+000148e0: 7573 6573 2074 6869 7320 6665 6174 7572 uses this featur\n+000148f0: 6520 7768 656e 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 e when it is not\n+00014900: 2075 7369 6e67 2042 494f 5320 6469 736b using BIOS disk\n+00014910: 0a66 756e 6374 696f 6e73 206f 7220 7768 .functions or wh\n+00014920: 656e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 746f en installing to\n+00014930: 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2064 6973 a different dis\n+00014940: 6b20 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206f 6e65 2063 k from the one c\n+00014950: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 670a e280 982f 626f ontaining..../bo\n+00014960: 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 696e 2077 ot/grub..., in w\n+00014970: 6869 6368 2063 6173 6520 6974 206e 6565 hich case it nee\n+00014980: 6473 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 ds to use the ..\n+00014990: 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 .search... comma\n+000149a0: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 7365 6172 6368 nd (*note.search\n+000149b0: 3a3a 2920 746f 2066 696e 6420 e280 982f ::) to find .../\n+000149c0: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 boot/grub...... \n+000149d0: 2020 546f 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2063 6f6e To embed a con\n+000149e0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c figuration file,\n+000149f0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d63 e280 use the ...-c..\n+00014a00: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9867 . option to ...g\n+00014a10: 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2e0a rub-mkimage.....\n+00014a20: 5468 6520 6669 6c65 2069 7320 636f 7069 The file is copi\n+00014a30: 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 ed into the core\n+00014a40: 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d61 image, so it ma\n+00014a50: 7920 7265 7369 6465 2061 6e79 7768 6572 y reside anywher\n+00014a60: 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 0a66 696c 6520 7379 e on the.file sy\n+00014a70: 7374 656d 2c20 616e 6420 6d61 7920 6265 stem, and may be\n+00014a80: 2072 656d 6f76 6564 2061 6674 6572 2072 removed after r\n+00014a90: 756e 6e69 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d unning ...grub-m\n+00014aa0: 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2041 kimage...... A\n+00014ab0: 6674 6572 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 fter the embedde\n+00014ac0: 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 d configuration \n+00014ad0: 6669 6c65 2028 6966 2061 6e79 2920 6973 file (if any) is\n+00014ae0: 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2047 5255 4220 executed, GRUB \n+00014af0: 7769 6c6c 0a6c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 e280 will.load the ..\n+00014b00: 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d 6f64 756c .normal... modul\n+00014b10: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a e (*note normal:\n+00014b20: 3a29 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7769 6c6c 2074 :), which will t\n+00014b30: 6865 6e20 7265 6164 2074 6865 2072 6561 hen read the rea\n+00014b40: 6c0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 l.configuration \n+00014b50: 6669 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9824 7072 file from ...$pr\n+00014b60: 6566 6978 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 efix/grub.cfg...\n+00014b70: 2e20 2042 7920 7468 6973 2070 6f69 6e74 . By this point\n+00014b80: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 , the ...root...\n+00014b90: 0a76 6172 6961 626c 6520 7769 6c6c 2061 .variable will a\n+00014ba0: 6c73 6f20 6861 7665 2062 6565 6e20 7365 lso have been se\n+00014bb0: 7420 746f 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 t to the root de\n+00014bc0: 7669 6365 206e 616d 652e 2020 466f 7220 vice name. For \n+00014bd0: 6578 616d 706c 652c 0ae2 8098 7072 6566 example,....pref\n+00014be0: 6978 e280 9920 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2073 ix... might be s\n+00014bf0: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9828 6864 302c 3129 et to ...(hd0,1)\n+00014c00: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992c 2061 /boot/grub..., a\n+00014c10: 6e64 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 6d69 nd ...root... mi\n+00014c20: 6768 7420 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f0a e280 ght be set to...\n+00014c30: 9868 6430 2c31 e280 992e 2020 5468 7573 .hd0,1.... Thus\n+00014c40: 2c20 696e 206d 6f73 7420 6361 7365 732c , in most cases,\n+00014c50: 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f the embedded co\n+00014c60: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00014c70: 206f 6e6c 790a 6e65 6564 7320 746f 2073 only.needs to s\n+00014c80: 6574 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 et the ...prefix\n+00014c90: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 ... and ...root.\n+00014ca0: 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 616e .. variables, an\n+00014cb0: 6420 7468 656e 2064 726f 7020 7468 726f d then drop thro\n+00014cc0: 7567 6820 746f 0a47 5255 4227 7320 6e6f ugh to.GRUB's no\n+00014cd0: 726d 616c 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e 672e rmal processing.\n+00014ce0: 2020 4120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 6578 616d A typical exam\n+00014cf0: 706c 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6d69 6768 ple of this migh\n+00014d00: 7420 6c6f 6f6b 206c 696b 650a 7468 6973 t look like.this\n+00014d10: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 2e66 :.. search.f\n+00014d20: 735f 7575 6964 2030 3132 3334 3536 372d s_uuid 01234567-\n+00014d30: 3839 6162 2d63 6465 662d 3031 3233 2d34 89ab-cdef-0123-4\n+00014d40: 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 6620 726f 6f74 56789abcdef root\n+00014d50: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 . set prefix\n+00014d60: 3d28 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 =($root)/boot/gr\n+00014d70: 7562 0a0a 2020 2028 5468 6520 e280 9873 ub.. (The ...s\n+00014d80: 6561 7263 685f 6673 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 earch_fs_uuid...\n+00014d90: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 6520 module must be \n+00014da0: 696e 636c 7564 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 included in the \n+00014db0: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 0a74 core image for.t\n+00014dc0: 6869 7320 6578 616d 706c 6520 746f 2077 his example to w\n+00014dd0: 6f72 6b2e 290a 0a20 2020 496e 206d 6f72 ork.).. In mor\n+00014de0: 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7820 6361 7365 732c e complex cases,\n+00014df0: 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 it may be usefu\n+00014e00: 6c20 746f 2072 6561 6420 6f74 6865 7220 l to read other \n+00014e10: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 6669 configuration.fi\n+00014e20: 6c65 7320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2066 726f les directly fro\n+00014e30: 6d20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 m the embedded c\n+00014e40: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00014e50: 652e 2020 5468 6973 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 e. This allows \n+00014e60: 7375 6368 0a74 6869 6e67 7320 6173 2072 such.things as r\n+00014e70: 6561 6469 6e67 2066 696c 6573 206e 6f74 eading files not\n+00014e80: 2063 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9867 7275 622e called ...grub.\n+00014e90: 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 6f72 2072 6561 6469 cfg..., or readi\n+00014ea0: 6e67 2066 696c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 610a ng files from a.\n+00014eb0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6f74 6865 7220 directory other \n+00014ec0: 7468 616e 2074 6861 7420 7768 6572 6520 than that where \n+00014ed0: 4752 5542 2773 206c 6f61 6461 626c 6520 GRUB's loadable \n+00014ee0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6172 6520 696e 7374 modules are inst\n+00014ef0: 616c 6c65 642e 0a54 6f20 646f 2074 6869 alled..To do thi\n+00014f00: 732c 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2074 6865 20e2 s, include the .\n+00014f10: 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 ..configfile... \n+00014f20: 616e 6420 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 and ...normal...\n+00014f30: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 modules in the \n+00014f40: 636f 7265 0a69 6d61 6765 2c20 616e 6420 core.image, and \n+00014f50: 656d 6265 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 embed a configur\n+00014f60: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 ation file that \n+00014f70: 7573 6573 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 uses the ...conf\n+00014f80: 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e igfile... comman\n+00014f90: 640a 746f 206c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 d.to load anothe\n+00014fa0: 7220 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6c r file. The fol\n+00014fb0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f lowing example o\n+00014fc0: 6620 7468 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7265 7175 f this also requ\n+00014fd0: 6972 6573 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6563 686f ires the....echo\n+00014fe0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 5f6c ..., ...search_l\n+00014ff0: 6162 656c e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 abel..., and ...\n+00015000: 7465 7374 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 test... modules \n+00015010: 746f 2062 6520 696e 636c 7564 6564 2069 to be included i\n+00015020: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 7265 0a69 6d61 6765 n the core.image\n+00015030: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 2e66 :.. search.f\n+00015040: 735f 6c61 6265 6c20 6772 7562 2072 6f6f s_label grub roo\n+00015050: 740a 2020 2020 2069 6620 5b20 2d65 202f t. if [ -e /\n+00015060: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c boot/grub/exampl\n+00015070: 652f 7465 7374 312e 6366 6720 5d3b 2074 e/test1.cfg ]; t\n+00015080: 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6574 hen. set\n+00015090: 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f prefix=($root)/\n+000150a0: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2020 boot/grub. \n+000150b0: 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 configfile /b\n+000150c0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 oot/grub/example\n+000150d0: 2f74 6573 7431 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 /test1.cfg. \n+000150e0: 656c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 6966 else. if\n+000150f0: 205b 202d 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 [ -e /boot/grub\n+00015100: 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7432 2e63 /example/test2.c\n+00015110: 6667 205d 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 fg ]; then. \n+00015120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 set pref\n+00015130: 6978 3d28 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f ix=($root)/boot/\n+00015140: 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 grub. \n+00015150: 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f configfile /bo\n+00015160: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f ot/grub/example/\n+00015170: 7465 7374 322e 6366 670a 2020 2020 2020 test2.cfg. \n+00015180: 2020 2065 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 else. \n+00015190: 2020 2020 2065 6368 6f20 2243 6f75 6c64 echo \"Could\n+000151a0: 206e 6f74 2066 696e 6420 616e 2065 7861 not find an exa\n+000151b0: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple configurati\n+000151c0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6521 220a 2020 2020 2020 on file!\". \n+000151d0: 2020 2066 690a 2020 2020 2066 690a 0a20 fi. fi.. \n+000151e0: 2020 5468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 The embedded c\n+000151f0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00015200: 6520 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 e may not contai\n+00015210: 6e20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a64 n menu entries.d\n+00015220: 6972 6563 746c 792c 2062 7574 206d 6179 irectly, but may\n+00015230: 206f 6e6c 7920 7265 6164 2074 6865 6d20 only read them \n+00015240: 6672 6f6d 2065 6c73 6577 6865 7265 2075 from elsewhere u\n+00015250: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 sing ...configfi\n+00015260: 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 le........File: \n+00015270: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00015280: 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 : Theme file for\n+00015290: 6d61 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 7477 mat, Next: Netw\n+000152a0: 6f72 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6e66 ork, Prev: Conf\n+000152b0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 iguration, Up: \n+000152c0: 546f 700a 0a37 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c Top..7 Theme fil\n+000152d0: 6520 666f 726d 6174 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a e format.*******\n+000152e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 372e ************..7.\n+000152f0: 3120 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a3d 1 Introduction.=\n+00015300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00015310: 0a54 6865 2047 5255 4220 6772 6170 6869 .The GRUB graphi\n+00015320: 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 2073 7570 706f 7274 cal menu support\n+00015330: 7320 7468 656d 6573 2074 6861 7420 6361 s themes that ca\n+00015340: 6e20 6375 7374 6f6d 697a 6520 7468 6520 n customize the \n+00015350: 6c61 796f 7574 0a61 6e64 2061 7070 6561 layout.and appea\n+00015360: 7261 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2047 5255 rance of the GRU\n+00015370: 4220 626f 6f74 206d 656e 752e 2020 5468 B boot menu. Th\n+00015380: 6520 7468 656d 6520 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 e theme is confi\n+00015390: 6775 7265 6420 7468 726f 7567 6820 610a gured through a.\n+000153a0: 706c 6169 6e20 7465 7874 2066 696c 6520 plain text file \n+000153b0: 7468 6174 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 that specifies t\n+000153c0: 6865 206c 6179 6f75 7420 6f66 2074 6865 he layout of the\n+000153d0: 2076 6172 696f 7573 2047 5549 2063 6f6d various GUI com\n+000153e0: 706f 6e65 6e74 730a 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 ponents.(includi\n+000153f0: 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 ng the boot menu\n+00015400: 2c20 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7072 6f67 7265 , timeout progre\n+00015410: 7373 2062 6172 2c20 616e 6420 7465 7874 ss bar, and text\n+00015420: 206d 6573 7361 6765 7329 2061 730a 7765 messages) as.we\n+00015430: 6c6c 2061 7320 7468 6520 6170 7065 6172 ll as the appear\n+00015440: 616e 6365 2075 7369 6e67 2063 6f6c 6f72 ance using color\n+00015450: 732c 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 696d s, fonts, and im\n+00015460: 6167 6573 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 ages. Example i\n+00015470: 730a 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2064 s.available in d\n+00015480: 6f63 732f 6578 616d 706c 655f 7468 656d ocs/example_them\n+00015490: 652e 7478 740a 0a37 2e32 2054 6865 6d65 e.txt..7.2 Theme\n+000154a0: 2045 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d Elements.======\n+000154b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 372e ============..7.\n+000154c0: 322e 3120 436f 6c6f 7273 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2.1 Colors.-----\n+000154d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a43 6f6c 6f72 7320 -------..Colors \n+000154e0: 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 can be specified\n+000154f0: 2069 6e20 7365 7665 7261 6c20 7761 7973 in several ways\n+00015500: 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4854 4d4c 2d73 :.. ... HTML-s\n+00015510: 7479 6c65 2022 2352 5247 4742 4222 206f tyle \"#RRGGBB\" o\n+00015520: 7220 2223 5247 4222 2066 6f72 6d61 742c r \"#RGB\" format,\n+00015530: 2077 6865 7265 202a 522a 2c20 2a47 2a2c where *R*, *G*,\n+00015540: 2061 6e64 202a 422a 2061 7265 0a20 2020 and *B* are. \n+00015550: 2020 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 hexadecimal di\n+00015560: 6769 7473 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2223 3838 gits (e.g., \"#88\n+00015570: 3939 4646 2229 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6173 99FF\"). ... as\n+00015580: 2063 6f6d 6d61 2d73 6570 6172 6174 6564 comma-separated\n+00015590: 2064 6563 696d 616c 2052 4742 2076 616c decimal RGB val\n+000155a0: 7565 7320 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 3132 382c ues (e.g., \"128,\n+000155b0: 2031 3238 2c20 3235 3522 290a 2020 20e2 128, 255\"). .\n+000155c0: 80a2 2077 6974 6820 2253 5647 2031 2e30 .. with \"SVG 1.0\n+000155d0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2220 2865 color names\" (e\n+000155e0: 2e67 2e2c 2022 636f 726e 666c 6f77 6572 .g., \"cornflower\n+000155f0: 626c 7565 2229 2077 6869 6368 206d 7573 blue\") which mus\n+00015600: 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 t be. specif\n+00015610: 6965 6420 696e 206c 6f77 6572 6361 7365 ied in lowercase\n+00015620: 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e32 2046 6f6e 7473 0a2d ...7.2.2 Fonts.-\n+00015630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 ----------..The \n+00015640: 666f 6e74 7320 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 fonts GRUB uses \n+00015650: 2250 4646 3220 666f 6e74 2066 6f72 6d61 \"PFF2 font forma\n+00015660: 7422 2062 6974 6d61 7020 666f 6e74 732e t\" bitmap fonts.\n+00015670: 2020 466f 6e74 7320 6172 650a 7370 6563 Fonts are.spec\n+00015680: 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2066 756c 6c20 ified with full \n+00015690: 666f 6e74 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2043 7572 font names. Cur\n+000156a0: 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 rently there is \n+000156b0: 6e6f 2070 726f 7669 7369 6f6e 2066 6f72 no provision for\n+000156c0: 2061 0a70 7265 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6c69 a.preference li\n+000156d0: 7374 206f 6620 666f 6e74 732c 206f 7220 st of fonts, or \n+000156e0: 6465 7269 7669 6e67 206f 6e65 2066 6f6e deriving one fon\n+000156f0: 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2e20 t from another. \n+00015700: 2046 6f6e 7473 2061 7265 0a6c 6f61 6465 Fonts are.loade\n+00015710: 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2022 6c6f 6164 d with the \"load\n+00015720: 666f 6e74 2220 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 696e font\" command in\n+00015730: 2047 5255 4220 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f61 GRUB (*note loa\n+00015740: 6466 6f6e 743a 3a29 2e20 2054 6f20 7365 dfont::). To se\n+00015750: 650a 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6c6f e.the list of lo\n+00015760: 6164 6564 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 6578 6563 aded fonts, exec\n+00015770: 7574 6520 7468 6520 226c 7366 6f6e 7473 ute the \"lsfonts\n+00015780: 2220 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 \" command (*note\n+00015790: 0a6c 7366 6f6e 7473 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 .lsfonts::). If\n+000157a0: 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 6f6f 206d there are too m\n+000157b0: 616e 7920 666f 6e74 7320 746f 2066 6974 any fonts to fit\n+000157c0: 206f 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2c20 646f 2022 on screen, do \"\n+000157d0: 7365 740a 7061 6765 723d 3122 2062 6566 set.pager=1\" bef\n+000157e0: 6f72 6520 6578 6563 7574 696e 6720 226c ore executing \"l\n+000157f0: 7366 6f6e 7473 222e 0a0a 372e 322e 3320 sfonts\"...7.2.3 \n+00015800: 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2042 6172 0a2d 2d2d Progress Bar.---\n+00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00015820: 0a46 6967 7572 6520 372e 310a 0a46 6967 .Figure 7.1..Fig\n+00015830: 7572 6520 372e 320a 5072 6f67 7265 7373 ure 7.2.Progress\n+00015840: 2062 6172 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 bars are used t\n+00015850: 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 o display the re\n+00015860: 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2062 6566 maining time bef\n+00015870: 6f72 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 0a74 ore GRUB boots.t\n+00015880: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 he default menu \n+00015890: 656e 7472 792e 2020 546f 2063 7265 6174 entry. To creat\n+000158a0: 6520 6120 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 e a progress bar\n+000158b0: 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c that will displ\n+000158c0: 6179 2074 6865 0a72 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 ay the.remaining\n+000158d0: 2074 696d 6520 6265 666f 7265 2061 7574 time before aut\n+000158e0: 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 742c 2073 696d omatic boot, sim\n+000158f0: 706c 7920 6372 6561 7465 2061 2022 7072 ply create a \"pr\n+00015900: 6f67 7265 7373 5f62 6172 220a 636f 6d70 ogress_bar\".comp\n+00015910: 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 onent with the i\n+00015920: 6420 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 222e d \"__timeout__\".\n+00015930: 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6573 This indicates\n+00015940: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2074 6861 7420 7468 to GRUB that th\n+00015950: 650a 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2073 e.progress bar s\n+00015960: 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 7064 6174 6564 hould be updated\n+00015970: 2061 7320 7469 6d65 2070 6173 7365 732c as time passes,\n+00015980: 2061 6e64 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 and it should b\n+00015990: 6520 6d61 6465 0a69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 e made.invisible\n+000159a0: 2069 6620 7468 6520 636f 756e 7464 6f77 if the countdow\n+000159b0: 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 n to automatic b\n+000159c0: 6f6f 7420 6973 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 oot is interrupt\n+000159d0: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7573 6572 2e0a ed by the user..\n+000159e0: 0a20 2020 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 . Progress bar\n+000159f0: 7320 6d61 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 s may optionally\n+00015a00: 2068 6176 6520 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c have text displ\n+00015a10: 6179 6564 206f 6e20 7468 656d 2e20 2054 ayed on them. T\n+00015a20: 6869 7320 7465 7874 0a69 7320 636f 6e74 his text.is cont\n+00015a30: 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6162 rolled by variab\n+00015a40: 6c65 2022 7465 7874 2220 7768 6963 6820 le \"text\" which \n+00015a50: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 2070 7269 6e74 contains a print\n+00015a60: 6620 7465 6d70 6c61 7465 2077 6974 680a f template with.\n+00015a70: 7468 6520 6f6e 6c79 2061 7267 756d 656e the only argumen\n+00015a80: 7420 2564 2069 7320 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 t %d is the numb\n+00015a90: 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 7320 7265 er of seconds re\n+00015aa0: 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 4164 6469 7469 maining. Additi\n+00015ab0: 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2076 onally.special v\n+00015ac0: 616c 7565 7320 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f alues \"@TIMEOUT_\n+00015ad0: 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f NOTIFICATION_SHO\n+00015ae0: 5254 4022 2c0a 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f RT@\",.\"@TIMEOUT_\n+00015af0: 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 NOTIFICATION_MID\n+00015b00: 444c 4540 222c 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 DLE@\", \"@TIMEOUT\n+00015b10: 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f _NOTIFICATION_LO\n+00015b20: 4e47 4022 2061 7265 0a72 6570 6c61 6365 NG@\" are.replace\n+00015b30: 6420 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 d with standard \n+00015b40: 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2074 and translated t\n+00015b50: 656d 706c 6174 6573 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e34 emplates...7.2.4\n+00015b60: 2043 6972 6375 6c61 7220 5072 6f67 7265 Circular Progre\n+00015b70: 7373 2049 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 0a2d 2d2d ss Indicator.---\n 00015b80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00015b90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n-00015ba0: 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 2070 726f 6772 e circular progr\n-00015bb0: 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 7220 6675 ess indicator fu\n-00015bc0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 726c nctions similarl\n-00015bd0: 7920 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 y to the progres\n-00015be0: 7320 6261 722e 0a57 6865 6e20 6769 7665 s bar..When give\n-00015bf0: 6e20 616e 2069 6420 6f66 2022 5f5f 7469 n an id of \"__ti\n-00015c00: 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2c20 4752 5542 2075 meout__\", GRUB u\n-00015c10: 7064 6174 6573 2074 6865 2063 6972 6375 pdates the circu\n-00015c20: 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 0a69 6e64 lar progress.ind\n-00015c30: 6963 6174 6f72 2773 2076 616c 7565 2074 icator's value t\n-00015c40: 6f20 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 6865 2074 o indicate the t\n-00015c50: 696d 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 ime remaining. \n-00015c60: 466f 7220 7468 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 For the circular\n-00015c70: 0a70 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 .progress indica\n-00015c80: 746f 722c 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 tor, there are t\n-00015c90: 776f 2069 6d61 6765 7320 7573 6564 2074 wo images used t\n-00015ca0: 6f20 7265 6e64 6572 2069 743a 2074 6865 o render it: the\n-00015cb0: 202a 6365 6e74 6572 2a0a 696d 6167 652c *center*.image,\n-00015cc0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 202a 7469 636b 2a20 and the *tick* \n-00015cd0: 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 6365 6e74 image. The cent\n-00015ce0: 6572 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7265 6e64 er image is rend\n-00015cf0: 6572 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 ered in the cent\n-00015d00: 6572 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e er.of the compon\n-00015d10: 656e 742c 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 2074 ent, while the t\n-00015d20: 6963 6b20 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 ick image is use\n-00015d30: 6420 746f 2072 656e 6465 7220 6561 6368 d to render each\n-00015d40: 206d 6172 6b20 616c 6f6e 670a 7468 6520 mark along.the \n-00015d50: 6369 7263 756d 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 circumference of\n-00015d60: 2074 6865 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e0a the indicator..\n-00015d70: 0a37 2e32 2e35 204c 6162 656c 730a 2d2d .7.2.5 Labels.--\n-00015d80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5465 7874 ----------..Text\n-00015d90: 206c 6162 656c 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2070 labels can be p\n-00015da0: 6c61 6365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f laced on the boo\n-00015db0: 7420 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2054 6865 2066 t screen. The f\n-00015dc0: 6f6e 742c 2063 6f6c 6f72 2c20 616e 640a ont, color, and.\n-00015dd0: 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 6c69 676e horizontal align\n-00015de0: 6d65 6e74 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 ment can be spec\n-00015df0: 6966 6965 6420 666f 7220 6c61 6265 6c73 ified for labels\n-00015e00: 2e20 2049 6620 6120 6c61 6265 6c20 6973 . 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It i\n-00015fa0: 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6974 656d s a list of item\n-00015fb0: 732c 2077 6865 7265 2065 6163 6820 6974 s, where each it\n-00015fc0: 656d 2068 6173 2061 2074 6974 6c65 2061 em has a title a\n-00015fd0: 6e64 2061 6e0a 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 nd an.optional i\n-00015fe0: 636f 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 6963 6f6e 2069 con. 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A styl\n-00016210: 6564 2062 6f78 2069 7320 636f 6d70 6f73 ed box is compos\n-00016220: 6564 206f 6620 3920 7265 6374 616e 6775 ed of 9 rectangu\n-00016230: 6c61 7220 2861 6e64 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 lar (and.potenti\n-00016240: 616c 6c79 2065 6d70 7479 2920 7265 6769 ally empty) regi\n-00016250: 6f6e 732c 2077 6869 6368 2061 7265 2075 ons, which are u\n-00016260: 7365 6420 746f 2073 6561 6d6c 6573 736c sed to seamlessl\n-00016270: 7920 6472 6177 2074 6865 2073 7479 6c65 y draw the style\n-00016280: 640a 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e3a d.box on screen:\n-00016290: 0a0a 4e6f 7274 6877 6573 7420 286e 7729 ..Northwest (nw)\n-000162a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f72 7468 2028 North (\n-000162b0: 6e29 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n) \n-000162c0: 4e6f 7274 6865 6173 7420 286e 6529 0a57 Northeast (ne).W\n-000162d0: 6573 7420 2877 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 est (w) \n-000162e0: 2020 2020 2020 4365 6e74 6572 2028 6329 Center (c)\n-000162f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6173 Eas\n-00016300: 7420 2865 290a 536f 7574 6877 6573 7420 t (e).Southwest \n-00016310: 2873 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6f75 (sw) Sou\n-00016320: 7468 2028 7329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 th (s) \n-00016330: 2020 2020 536f 7574 6865 6173 7420 2873 Southeast (s\n-00016340: 6529 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 e).. To suppor\n-00016350: 7420 616e 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 626f t any size of bo\n-00016360: 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2074 6865 x on screen, the\n-00016370: 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 616e center slice an\n-00016380: 6420 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 0a66 6f72 d the slices.for\n-00016390: 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2c20 626f 7474 6f6d the top, bottom\n-000163a0: 2c20 616e 6420 7369 6465 7320 6172 6520 , and sides are \n-000163b0: 616c 6c20 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 all scaled to th\n-000163c0: 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 7369 7a65 2066 e correct size f\n-000163d0: 6f72 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 or.the component\n-000163e0: 206f 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2c20 7573 696e on screen, usin\n-000163f0: 6720 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 g the following \n-00016400: 7275 6c65 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2054 6865 rules:.. 1. The\n-00016410: 2065 6467 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f edge slices (no\n-00016420: 7274 682c 2073 6f75 7468 2c20 6561 7374 rth, south, east\n-00016430: 2c20 616e 6420 7765 7374 2920 6172 6520 , and west) are \n-00016440: 7363 616c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 scaled in the. \n-00016450: 2020 2064 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 direction of \n-00016460: 7468 6520 6564 6765 2074 6865 7920 6172 the edge they ar\n-00016470: 6520 6164 6a61 6365 6e74 2074 6f2e 2020 e adjacent to. \n-00016480: 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 7468 For instance, th\n-00016490: 6520 7765 7374 0a20 2020 2020 736c 6963 e west. slic\n-000164a0: 6520 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 7665 7274 e is scaled vert\n-000164b0: 6963 616c 6c79 2e0a 2020 322e 2054 6865 ically.. 2. The\n-000164c0: 2063 6f72 6e65 7220 736c 6963 6573 2028 corner slices (\n-000164d0: 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 742c 206e 6f72 7468 northwest, north\n-000164e0: 6561 7374 2c20 736f 7574 6865 6173 742c east, southeast,\n-000164f0: 2061 6e64 2073 6f75 7468 7765 7374 290a and southwest).\n-00016500: 2020 2020 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 6361 are not sca\n-00016510: 6c65 642e 0a20 2033 2e20 5468 6520 6365 led.. 3. The ce\n-00016520: 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2069 7320 7363 nter slice is sc\n-00016530: 616c 6564 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c 2074 6865 aled to fill the\n-00016540: 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 6365 remaining space\n-00016550: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 6964 in the. mid\n-00016560: 646c 652e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 616e 2065 dle... As an e\n-00016570: 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 686f 7720 616e xample of how an\n-00016580: 2069 6d61 6765 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 image might be \n-00016590: 736c 6963 6564 2075 702c 2063 6f6e 7369 sliced up, consi\n-000165a0: 6465 7220 7468 6520 7374 796c 6564 0a62 der the styled.b\n-000165b0: 6f78 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 7465 ox used for a te\n-000165c0: 726d 696e 616c 2076 6965 772e 0a0a 4669 rminal view...Fi\n-000165d0: 6775 7265 2037 2e33 0a0a 372e 322e 3820 gure 7.3..7.2.8 \n-000165e0: 4372 6561 7469 6e67 2053 7479 6c65 6420 Creating Styled \n-000165f0: 426f 7820 496d 6167 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d Box Images.-----\n+00015b90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00015ba0: 5468 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 2070 726f The circular pro\n+00015bb0: 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 7220 gress indicator \n+00015bc0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 functions simila\n+00015bd0: 726c 7920 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 rly to the progr\n+00015be0: 6573 7320 6261 722e 0a57 6865 6e20 6769 ess bar..When gi\n+00015bf0: 7665 6e20 616e 2069 6420 6f66 2022 5f5f ven an id of \"__\n+00015c00: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2c20 4752 5542 timeout__\", GRUB\n+00015c10: 2075 7064 6174 6573 2074 6865 2063 6972 updates the cir\n+00015c20: 6375 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 0a69 cular progress.i\n+00015c30: 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2773 2076 616c 7565 ndicator's value\n+00015c40: 2074 6f20 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 6865 to indicate the\n+00015c50: 2074 696d 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e time remaining.\n+00015c60: 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6369 7263 756c For the circul\n+00015c70: 6172 0a70 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 ar.progress indi\n+00015c80: 6361 746f 722c 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 cator, there are\n+00015c90: 2074 776f 2069 6d61 6765 7320 7573 6564 two images used\n+00015ca0: 2074 6f20 7265 6e64 6572 2069 743a 2074 to render it: t\n+00015cb0: 6865 202a 6365 6e74 6572 2a0a 696d 6167 he *center*.imag\n+00015cc0: 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 202a 7469 636b e, and the *tick\n+00015cd0: 2a20 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 6365 * image. 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It\n+00015fa0: 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6974 is a list of it\n+00015fb0: 656d 732c 2077 6865 7265 2065 6163 6820 ems, where each \n+00015fc0: 6974 656d 2068 6173 2061 2074 6974 6c65 item has a title\n+00015fd0: 2061 6e64 2061 6e0a 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c and an.optional\n+00015fe0: 2069 636f 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 6963 6f6e icon. The icon\n+00015ff0: 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2062 6173 is selected bas\n+00016000: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 2a63 6c61 7373 ed on the *class\n+00016010: 6573 2a20 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a 666f es* specified.fo\n+00016020: 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 r the menu entry\n+00016030: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 2061 . If there is a\n+00016040: 2050 4e47 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 PNG file named \n+00016050: 226d 7963 6c61 7373 2e70 6e67 2220 696e \"myclass.png\" in\n+00016060: 2074 6865 0a22 6772 7562 2f74 6865 6d65 the.\"grub/theme\n+00016070: 732f 6963 6f6e 7322 2064 6972 6563 746f s/icons\" directo\n+00016080: 7279 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 ry, it will be d\n+00016090: 6973 706c 6179 6564 2066 6f72 2069 7465 isplayed for ite\n+000160a0: 6d73 2077 6869 6368 2068 6176 650a 7468 ms which have.th\n+000160b0: 6520 636c 6173 7320 2a6d 7963 6c61 7373 e class *myclass\n+000160c0: 2a2e 2020 5468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e *. The boot men\n+000160d0: 7520 6361 6e20 6265 2063 7573 746f 6d69 u can be customi\n+000160e0: 7a65 6420 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 zed in several w\n+000160f0: 6179 732c 0a73 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 ays,.such as the\n+00016100: 2066 6f6e 7420 616e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 font and color \n+00016110: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e used for the men\n+00016120: 7520 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c 652c 2061 u entry title, a\n+00016130: 6e64 2062 790a 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 nd by.specifying\n+00016140: 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 7320 666f styled boxes fo\n+00016150: 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7473 656c r the menu itsel\n+00016160: 6620 616e 6420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 f and for the se\n+00016170: 6c65 6374 6564 2069 7465 6d0a 6869 6768 lected item.high\n+00016180: 6c69 6768 742e 0a0a 372e 322e 3720 5374 light...7.2.7 St\n+00016190: 796c 6564 2042 6f78 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d yled Boxes.-----\n+000161a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4f -------------..O\n+000161b0: 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 ne of the most i\n+000161c0: 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2066 6561 7475 7265 mportant feature\n+000161d0: 7320 666f 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 697a 696e s for customizin\n+000161e0: 6720 7468 6520 6c61 796f 7574 2069 7320 g the layout is \n+000161f0: 7468 6520 7573 650a 6f66 202a 7374 796c the use.of *styl\n+00016200: 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2a2e 2020 4120 7374 ed boxes*. A st\n+00016210: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 7320 636f 6d70 yled box is comp\n+00016220: 6f73 6564 206f 6620 3920 7265 6374 616e osed of 9 rectan\n+00016230: 6775 6c61 7220 2861 6e64 0a70 6f74 656e gular (and.poten\n+00016240: 7469 616c 6c79 2065 6d70 7479 2920 7265 tially empty) re\n+00016250: 6769 6f6e 732c 2077 6869 6368 2061 7265 gions, which are\n+00016260: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 6561 6d6c 6573 used to seamles\n+00016270: 736c 7920 6472 6177 2074 6865 2073 7479 sly draw the sty\n+00016280: 6c65 640a 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 led.box on scree\n+00016290: 6e3a 0a0a 4e6f 7274 6877 6573 7420 286e n:..Northwest (n\n+000162a0: 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f72 7468 w) North\n+000162b0: 2028 6e29 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (n) \n+000162c0: 2020 4e6f 7274 6865 6173 7420 286e 6529 Northeast (ne)\n+000162d0: 0a57 6573 7420 2877 2920 2020 2020 2020 .West (w) \n+000162e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4365 6e74 6572 2028 Center (\n+000162f0: 6329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 c) E\n+00016300: 6173 7420 2865 290a 536f 7574 6877 6573 ast (e).Southwes\n+00016310: 7420 2873 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 t (sw) S\n+00016320: 6f75 7468 2028 7329 2020 2020 2020 2020 outh (s) \n+00016330: 2020 2020 2020 536f 7574 6865 6173 7420 Southeast \n+00016340: 2873 6529 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7375 7070 (se).. To supp\n+00016350: 6f72 7420 616e 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 ort any size of \n+00016360: 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2074 box on screen, t\n+00016370: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 he center slice \n+00016380: 616e 6420 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 0a66 and the slices.f\n+00016390: 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2c20 626f 7474 or the top, bott\n+000163a0: 6f6d 2c20 616e 6420 7369 6465 7320 6172 om, and sides ar\n+000163b0: 6520 616c 6c20 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 e all scaled to \n+000163c0: 7468 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 7369 7a65 the correct size\n+000163d0: 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 for.the compone\n+000163e0: 6e74 206f 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2c20 7573 nt on screen, us\n+000163f0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e ing the followin\n+00016400: 6720 7275 6c65 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2054 g rules:.. 1. T\n+00016410: 6865 2065 6467 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 he edge slices (\n+00016420: 6e6f 7274 682c 2073 6f75 7468 2c20 6561 north, south, ea\n+00016430: 7374 2c20 616e 6420 7765 7374 2920 6172 st, and west) ar\n+00016440: 6520 7363 616c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a e scaled in the.\n+00016450: 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 206f direction o\n+00016460: 6620 7468 6520 6564 6765 2074 6865 7920 f the edge they \n+00016470: 6172 6520 6164 6a61 6365 6e74 2074 6f2e are adjacent to.\n+00016480: 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 For instance, \n+00016490: 7468 6520 7765 7374 0a20 2020 2020 736c the west. sl\n+000164a0: 6963 6520 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 7665 ice is scaled ve\n+000164b0: 7274 6963 616c 6c79 2e0a 2020 322e 2054 rtically.. 2. T\n+000164c0: 6865 2063 6f72 6e65 7220 736c 6963 6573 he corner slices\n+000164d0: 2028 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 742c 206e 6f72 (northwest, nor\n+000164e0: 7468 6561 7374 2c20 736f 7574 6865 6173 theast, southeas\n+000164f0: 742c 2061 6e64 2073 6f75 7468 7765 7374 t, and southwest\n+00016500: 290a 2020 2020 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 ). are not s\n+00016510: 6361 6c65 642e 0a20 2033 2e20 5468 6520 caled.. 3. The \n+00016520: 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2069 7320 center slice is \n+00016530: 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c 2074 scaled to fill t\n+00016540: 6865 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 he remaining spa\n+00016550: 6365 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d ce in the. m\n+00016560: 6964 646c 652e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 616e iddle... As an\n+00016570: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 686f 7720 example of how \n+00016580: 616e 2069 6d61 6765 206d 6967 6874 2062 an image might b\n+00016590: 6520 736c 6963 6564 2075 702c 2063 6f6e e sliced up, con\n+000165a0: 7369 6465 7220 7468 6520 7374 796c 6564 sider the styled\n+000165b0: 0a62 6f78 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 .box used for a \n+000165c0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2076 6965 772e 0a0a terminal view...\n+000165d0: 4669 6775 7265 2037 2e33 0a0a 372e 322e Figure 7.3..7.2.\n+000165e0: 3820 4372 6561 7469 6e67 2053 7479 6c65 8 Creating Style\n+000165f0: 6420 426f 7820 496d 6167 6573 0a2d 2d2d d Box Images.---\n 00016600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00016610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 -----------..The\n-00016620: 2049 6e6b 7363 6170 655f 2073 6361 6c61 Inkscape_ scala\n-00016630: 626c 6520 7665 6374 6f72 2067 7261 7068 ble vector graph\n-00016640: 6963 7320 6564 6974 6f72 2069 7320 6120 ics editor is a \n-00016650: 7665 7279 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 6f6c very useful tool\n-00016660: 2066 6f72 0a63 7265 6174 696e 6720 7374 for.creating st\n-00016670: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 6d61 6765 732e yled box images.\n-00016680: 2020 4f6e 6520 7072 6f63 6573 7320 7468 One process th\n-00016690: 6174 2077 6f72 6b73 2077 656c 6c20 666f at works well fo\n-000166a0: 7220 736c 6963 696e 6720 610a 6472 6177 r slicing a.draw\n-000166b0: 696e 6720 696e 746f 2074 6865 206e 6563 ing into the nec\n-000166c0: 6573 7361 7279 2069 6d61 6765 2073 6c69 essary image sli\n-000166d0: 6365 7320 6973 3a0a 0a20 2031 2e20 4372 ces is:.. 1. Cr\n-000166e0: 6561 7465 206f 7220 6f70 656e 2074 6865 eate or open the\n-000166f0: 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2079 6f75 2764 206c drawing you'd l\n-00016700: 696b 6520 7573 652e 0a20 2032 2e20 4372 ike use.. 2. Cr\n-00016710: 6561 7465 2061 206e 6577 206c 6179 6572 eate a new layer\n-00016720: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 746f 7020 6f66 2074 on the top of t\n-00016730: 6865 206c 6179 6572 2073 7461 636b 2e20 he layer stack. \n-00016740: 204d 616b 6520 6974 2076 6973 6962 6c65 Make it visible\n-00016750: 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 656c 6563 7420 7468 .. Select th\n-00016760: 6973 206c 6179 6572 2061 7320 7468 6520 is layer as the \n-00016770: 6375 7272 656e 7420 6c61 7965 722e 0a20 current layer.. \n-00016780: 2033 2e20 4472 6177 2039 2072 6563 7461 3. Draw 9 recta\n-00016790: 6e67 6c65 7320 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 ngles on your dr\n-000167a0: 6177 696e 6720 7768 6572 6520 796f 7527 awing where you'\n-000167b0: 6420 6c69 6b65 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 d like the slice\n-000167c0: 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2e20 2043 s to. be. C\n-000167d0: 6c65 6172 2074 6865 2066 696c 6c20 6f70 lear the fill op\n-000167e0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 tion, and set th\n-000167f0: 6520 7374 726f 6b65 2074 6f20 3120 7069 e stroke to 1 pi\n-00016800: 7865 6c20 7769 6465 0a20 2020 2020 736f xel wide. so\n-00016810: 6c69 6420 7374 726f 6b65 2e20 2054 6865 lid stroke. The\n-00016820: 2063 6f72 6e65 7273 206f 6620 7468 6520 corners of the \n-00016830: 736c 6963 6573 206d 7573 7420 6d65 6574 slices must meet\n-00016840: 2070 7265 6369 7365 6c79 3b20 6966 2069 precisely; if i\n-00016850: 740a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6f66 6620 6279 t. is off by\n-00016860: 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 7069 7865 6c2c a single pixel,\n-00016870: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 626c it will probabl\n-00016880: 7920 6265 2065 7669 6465 6e74 2077 6865 y be evident whe\n-00016890: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 7479 6c65 n the. style\n-000168a0: 6420 626f 7820 6973 2072 656e 6465 7265 d box is rendere\n-000168b0: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 6d65 d in the GRUB me\n-000168c0: 6e75 2e20 2059 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 nu. You should \n-000168d0: 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2067 6f20 746f 0a20 probably go to. \n-000168e0: 2020 2020 4669 6c65 207c 2044 6f63 756d File | Docum\n-000168f0: 656e 7420 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 207c ent Properties |\n-00016900: 2047 7269 6473 2061 6e64 2065 6e61 626c Grids and enabl\n-00016910: 6520 6120 6772 6964 206f 7220 6372 6561 e a grid or crea\n-00016920: 7465 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6775 6964 6520 te a. guide \n-00016930: 2863 6c69 636b 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f66 (click on one of\n-00016940: 2074 6865 2072 756c 6572 7320 6e65 7874 the rulers next\n-00016950: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e 6720 to the drawing \n-00016960: 616e 6420 6472 6167 206f 7665 720a 2020 and drag over. \n-00016970: 2020 2074 6865 2064 7261 7769 6e67 3b20 the drawing; \n-00016980: 7265 6c65 6173 6520 7468 6520 6d6f 7573 release the mous\n-00016990: 6520 6275 7474 6f6e 2074 6f20 706c 6163 e button to plac\n-000169a0: 6520 7468 6520 6775 6964 6529 2074 6f20 e the guide) to \n-000169b0: 6865 6c70 0a20 2020 2020 706c 6163 6520 help. place \n-000169c0: 7468 6520 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 2070 the rectangles p\n-000169d0: 7265 6369 7365 6c79 2e0a 2020 342e 2052 recisely.. 4. 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It will\n+00017300: 2062 6520 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 6669 be scaled to fi\n+00017310: 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t the. \n+00017320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 scr\n+00017330: 6565 6e20 7369 7a65 206f 7220 7072 6f70 een size or prop\n+00017340: 6f72 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2073 6361 6c65 ortionally scale\n+00017350: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n+00017360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6570 656e 6469 dependi\n+00017370: 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7363 616c 6520 ng on the scale \n+00017380: 6d65 7468 6f64 2e0a 6465 736b 746f 702d method..desktop-\n+00017390: 696d 6167 652d 7363 616c 652d 6d65 7468 image-scale-meth\n+000173a0: 6f64 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 odSpecifies the \n+000173b0: 7363 616c 696e 6720 6d65 7468 6f64 2066 scaling method f\n+000173c0: 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 or the. \n+000173d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 *d\n+000173e0: 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a2e 2020 esktop-image*. \n+000173f0: 4f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 2273 7472 Options are \"str\n+00017400: 6574 6368 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 etch\",. \n+00017410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 \"c\n+00017420: 726f 7022 2c20 2270 6164 6469 6e67 222c rop\", \"padding\",\n+00017430: 2022 6669 7477 6964 7468 222c 0a20 2020 \"fitwidth\",. \n 00017440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017450: 2020 2266 6974 6865 6967 6874 222e 2020 \"fitheight\". \n-00017460: 2273 7472 6574 6368 2220 666f 7220 6669 \"stretch\" for fi\n-00017470: 7474 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 tting the. \n+00017450: 2020 2020 2266 6974 6865 6967 6874 222e \"fitheight\".\n+00017460: 2020 2273 7472 6574 6368 2220 666f 7220 \"stretch\" for \n+00017470: 6669 7474 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 fitting the. \n 00017480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017490: 2073 6372 6565 6e20 7369 7a65 2e20 204f screen size. O\n-000174a0: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2069 7420 6973 0a20 therwise it is. \n-000174b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000174c0: 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f70 6f72 7469 6f6e proportion\n-000174d0: 616c 2073 6361 6c69 6e67 206f 6620 6120 al scaling of a \n-000174e0: 7061 7274 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 part of. \n-000174f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a *\n-00017500: 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2074 desktop-image* t\n-00017510: 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 o the part of th\n-00017520: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-00017530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6565 6e2e screen.\n-00017540: 2020 2263 726f 7022 2070 6172 7420 6f66 \"crop\" part of\n-00017550: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-00017560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 *des\n-00017570: 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 7769 6c6c ktop-image* will\n-00017580: 2062 6520 7072 6f70 6f72 7469 6f6e 616c be proportional\n-00017590: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ly. \n-000175a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 616c 6564 scaled\n-000175b0: 2074 6f20 6669 7420 7468 6520 7363 7265 to fit the scre\n-000175c0: 656e 2073 697a 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 en sizes.. \n+00017490: 2020 2073 6372 6565 6e20 7369 7a65 2e20 screen size. \n+000174a0: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2069 7420 6973 Otherwise it is\n+000174b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000174c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f70 6f72 7469 proporti\n+000174d0: 6f6e 616c 2073 6361 6c69 6e67 206f 6620 onal scaling of \n+000174e0: 6120 7061 7274 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 a part of. \n+000174f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017500: 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a *desktop-image*\n+00017510: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 to the part of \n+00017520: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00017530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6565 scree\n+00017540: 6e2e 2020 2263 726f 7022 2070 6172 7420 n. \"crop\" part \n+00017550: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 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6f6e 7461 696e 6564 206f be contained o\n-00017630: 6e20 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2022 n the screen. \"\n-00017640: 6669 7477 6964 7468 220a 2020 2020 2020 fitwidth\". \n+00017620: 2020 2020 6265 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6564 be contained\n+00017630: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e20 on the screen. \n+00017640: 2022 6669 7477 6964 7468 220a 2020 2020 \"fitwidth\". \n 00017650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017660: 2066 6f72 2066 6974 7469 6e67 2074 6865 for fitting the\n-00017670: 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a *desktop-image*\n-00017680: 2773 2077 6964 7468 0a20 2020 2020 2020 's width. \n+00017660: 2020 2066 6f72 2066 6974 7469 6e67 2074 for fitting t\n+00017670: 6865 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 he *desktop-imag\n+00017680: 652a 2773 2077 6964 7468 0a20 2020 2020 e*'s width. \n 00017690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000176a0: 7769 7468 2073 6372 6565 6e20 7769 6474 with screen widt\n-000176b0: 682e 2020 2266 6974 6865 6967 6874 2220 h. \"fitheight\" \n-000176c0: 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 for. \n-000176d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 6974 7469 fitti\n-000176e0: 6e67 2074 6865 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d ng the *desktop-\n-000176f0: 696d 6167 652a 2773 2068 6569 6768 7420 image*'s height \n-00017700: 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 with. \n-00017710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 the \n-00017720: 7363 7265 656e 2068 6569 6768 742e 2020 screen height. \n-00017730: 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 7374 7265 Default is \"stre\n-00017740: 7463 6822 2e0a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d tch\"..desktop-im\n-00017750: 6167 652d 682d 616c 6967 6e20 2053 7065 age-h-align Spe\n-00017760: 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2068 6f72 697a cifies the horiz\n-00017770: 6f6e 7461 6c20 616c 6967 6e6d 656e 7420 ontal alignment \n-00017780: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n-00017790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 *d\n-000177a0: 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 6966 esktop-image* if\n-000177b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000177c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 *desktop\n-000177d0: 2d69 6d61 6765 2d73 6361 6c65 2d6d 6574 -image-scale-met\n-000177e0: 686f 642a 2069 736e 2774 2065 7175 6561 hod* isn't equea\n-000177f0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n-00017800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6f20 2273 7472 to \"str\n-00017810: 6574 6368 222e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 7320 etch\". 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Opti\n-00017940: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 2274 6f70 222c 0a20 ons are \"top\",. \n-00017950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017960: 2020 2020 2020 2263 656e 7465 7222 2c20 \"center\", \n-00017970: 2262 6f74 746f 6d22 2e20 2044 6566 6175 \"bottom\". 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Op\n+00017940: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 2274 6f70 222c tions are \"top\",\n+00017950: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 656e 7465 7222 \"center\"\n+00017970: 2c20 2262 6f74 746f 6d22 2e20 2044 6566 , \"bottom\". Def\n+00017980: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2263 656e 7465 7222 ault is \"center\"\n+00017990: 2e0a 6465 736b 746f 702d 636f 6c6f 7220 ..desktop-color \n+000179a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 Specifi\n+000179b0: 6573 2074 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 es the color for\n+000179c0: 2074 6865 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 the background \n+000179d0: 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 if. \n+000179e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 *deskt\n+000179f0: 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 6973 206e 6f74 op-image* is not\n+00017a00: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2e0a 7465 726d specified..term\n+00017a10: 696e 616c 2d62 6f78 2020 2020 2020 2020 inal-box \n+00017a20: 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 Specifies the\n+00017a30: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2070 6174 7465 file name patte\n+00017a40: 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 rn for the. \n 00017a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017a60: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2073 6c69 6365 styled box slice\n-00017a70: 7320 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2063 s used for the c\n-00017a80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ommand. \n-00017a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 li\n-00017aa0: 6e65 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 ne terminal wind\n-00017ab0: 6f77 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 ow. For example\n-00017ac0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,. \n-00017ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7465 726d 696e \"termin\n-00017ae0: 616c 2d62 6f78 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c al-box: terminal\n-00017af0: 5f2a 2e70 6e67 2220 7769 6c6c 2075 7365 _*.png\" will use\n-00017b00: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00017b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 696d 6167 the imag\n-00017b20: 6573 2022 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f63 2e70 es \"terminal_c.p\n-00017b30: 6e67 2220 6173 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 ng\" as the cente\n-00017b40: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n-00017b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7265 612c 2022 area, \"\n-00017b60: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6e 2e70 6e67 2220 terminal_n.png\" \n-00017b70: 6173 2074 6865 206e 6f72 7468 2028 746f as the north (to\n-00017b80: 7029 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p). \n-00017b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6564 6765 2c20 edge, \n-00017ba0: 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6e77 2e70 6e67 \"terminal_nw.png\n-00017bb0: 2220 6173 2074 6865 206e 6f72 7468 7765 \" as the northwe\n-00017bc0: 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 st. \n-00017bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2875 7070 6572 (upper\n-00017be0: 206c 6566 7429 2063 6f72 6e65 722c 2061 left) corner, a\n-00017bf0: 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 7468 nd so on. If th\n-00017c00: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-00017c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 2066 image f\n-00017c20: 6f72 2061 6e79 2073 6c69 6365 2069 7320 or any slice is \n-00017c30: 6e6f 7420 666f 756e 642c 2069 7420 7769 not found, it wi\n-00017c40: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ll. \n-00017c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7369 6d70 6c79 simply\n-00017c60: 2062 6520 6c65 6674 2065 6d70 7479 2e0a be left empty..\n-00017c70: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d62 6f72 6465 7220 terminal-border \n-00017c80: 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 Specifies\n-00017c90: 2074 6865 2062 6f72 6465 7220 7769 6474 the border widt\n-00017ca0: 6820 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 h of the. \n+00017a60: 2020 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2073 6c69 styled box sli\n+00017a70: 6365 7320 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6865 ces used for the\n+00017a80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2020 command. \n+00017a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017aa0: 6c69 6e65 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 line terminal wi\n+00017ab0: 6e64 6f77 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 ndow. For examp\n+00017ac0: 6c65 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le,. \n+00017ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7465 726d \"term\n+00017ae0: 696e 616c 2d62 6f78 3a20 7465 726d 696e inal-box: termin\n+00017af0: 616c 5f2a 2e70 6e67 2220 7769 6c6c 2075 al_*.png\" will u\n+00017b00: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 se. \n+00017b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 696d the im\n+00017b20: 6167 6573 2022 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f63 ages \"terminal_c\n+00017b30: 2e70 6e67 2220 6173 2074 6865 2063 656e .png\" as the cen\n+00017b40: 7465 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ter. \n+00017b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7265 612c area,\n+00017b60: 2022 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6e 2e70 6e67 \"terminal_n.png\n+00017b70: 2220 6173 2074 6865 206e 6f72 7468 2028 \" as the north (\n+00017b80: 746f 7029 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 top). \n+00017b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6564 6765 edge\n+00017ba0: 2c20 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6e77 2e70 , \"terminal_nw.p\n+00017bb0: 6e67 2220 6173 2074 6865 206e 6f72 7468 ng\" as the north\n+00017bc0: 7765 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 west. \n+00017bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2875 7070 (upp\n+00017be0: 6572 206c 6566 7429 2063 6f72 6e65 722c er left) corner,\n+00017bf0: 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 and so on. 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Prope\n-00018220: 7274 6965 733a 0a20 2020 2020 6964 2020 rties:. id \n-00018230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 Set t\n-00018240: 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 o \"__timeout__\" \n-00018250: 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2074 to display the t\n-00018260: 696d 6520 656c 6170 7365 640a 2020 2020 ime elapsed. \n+00017e80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 7265 6174 ---------..Great\n+00017e90: 6572 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a61 6269 6c69 er customizabili\n+00017ea0: 7479 2063 6f6d 6573 2069 7320 7072 6f76 ty comes is prov\n+00017eb0: 6964 6564 2062 7920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e ided by componen\n+00017ec0: 7473 2e20 2041 2074 7265 6520 6f66 0a63 ts. A tree of.c\n+00017ed0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 666f 726d 7320 omponents forms \n+00017ee0: 7468 6520 7573 6572 2069 6e74 6572 6661 the user interfa\n+00017ef0: 6365 2e20 202a 436f 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 ce. *Containers\n+00017f00: 2a20 6172 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 * are components\n+00017f10: 2074 6861 740a 6361 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 that.can contai\n+00017f20: 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e n other componen\n+00017f30: 7473 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6572 6520 6973 ts, and there is\n+00017f40: 2061 6c77 6179 7320 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 always a single\n+00017f50: 2072 6f6f 740a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 root.component \n+00017f60: 7768 6963 6820 6973 2061 6e20 696e 7374 which is an inst\n+00017f70: 616e 6365 206f 6620 6120 2a63 616e 7661 ance of a *canva\n+00017f80: 732a 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2e0a 0a20 s* container... \n+00017f90: 2020 436f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2061 7265 Components are\n+00017fa0: 2063 7265 6174 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 created in the \n+00017fb0: 7468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2062 7920 7072 theme file by pr\n+00017fc0: 6566 6978 696e 6720 7468 6520 7479 7065 efixing the type\n+00017fd0: 206f 660a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 of.component wi\n+00017fe0: 7468 2061 2027 2b27 2073 6967 6e3a 0a0a th a '+' sign:..\n+00017ff0: 2020 20e2 8098 202b 206c 6162 656c 207b ... + label {\n+00018000: 2074 6578 743d 2247 5255 4222 2066 6f6e text=\"GRUB\" fon\n+00018010: 743d 2261 7175 6920 3131 2220 636f 6c6f t=\"aqui 11\" colo\n+00018020: 723d 2223 3846 4622 207d 20e2 8099 0a0a r=\"#8FF\" } .....\n+00018030: 2020 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 6f66 properties of\n+00018040: 2061 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2061 7265 a component are\n+00018050: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 226e specified as \"n\n+00018060: 616d 6520 3d20 7661 6c75 6522 2028 7768 ame = value\" (wh\n+00018070: 6974 6573 7061 6365 0a73 7572 726f 756e itespace.surroun\n+00018080: 6469 6e67 2074 6f6b 656e 7320 6973 206f ding tokens is o\n+00018090: 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 6973 2069 ptional and is i\n+000180a0: 676e 6f72 6564 2920 7768 6572 6520 2a76 gnored) where *v\n+000180b0: 616c 7565 2a20 6d61 7920 6265 3a0a 2020 alue* may be:. \n+000180c0: 20e2 80a2 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 776f ... a single wo\n+000180d0: 7264 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2261 6c69 676e rd (e.g., \"align\n+000180e0: 203d 2063 656e 7465 7222 2c20 2263 6f6c = center\", \"col\n+000180f0: 6f72 203d 2023 4646 3830 3830 2229 2c0a or = #FF8080\"),.\n+00018100: 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 2071 756f 7465 6420 ... a quoted \n+00018110: 7374 7269 6e67 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2274 string (e.g., \"t\n+00018120: 6578 7420 3d20 2248 656c 6c6f 2c20 576f ext = \"Hello, Wo\n+00018130: 726c 6421 2222 292c 206f 720a 2020 20e2 rld!\"\"), or. .\n+00018140: 80a2 2061 2074 7570 6c65 2028 652e 672e .. a tuple (e.g.\n+00018150: 2c20 2270 7265 6665 7272 6564 5f73 697a , \"preferred_siz\n+00018160: 6520 3d20 2831 3230 2c20 3830 2922 292e e = (120, 80)\").\n+00018170: 0a0a 372e 332e 3520 436f 6d70 6f6e 656e ..7.3.5 Componen\n+00018180: 7420 4c69 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t List.---------\n+00018190: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 -----------..The\n+000181a0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7320 6120 following is a \n+000181b0: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 list of the comp\n+000181c0: 6f6e 656e 7473 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 onents and the p\n+000181d0: 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 7468 6579 0a73 roperties they.s\n+000181e0: 7570 706f 7274 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 upport... ... \n+000181f0: 6c61 6265 6c20 4120 6c61 6265 6c20 6469 label A label di\n+00018200: 7370 6c61 7973 2061 206c 696e 6520 6f66 splays a line of\n+00018210: 2074 6578 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f text... Pro\n+00018220: 7065 7274 6965 733a 0a20 2020 2020 6964 perties:. id\n+00018230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 Set\n+00018240: 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f to \"__timeout__\n+00018250: 2220 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 \" to display the\n+00018260: 2074 696d 6520 656c 6170 7365 640a 2020 time elapsed. \n 00018270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018280: 746f 2061 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 to an automatica\n-00018290: 6c20 626f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 6465 l boot of the de\n-000182a0: 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 0a20 2020 fault entry.. \n-000182b0: 2020 7465 7874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 text \n-000182c0: 2054 6865 2074 6578 7420 746f 2064 6973 The text to dis\n-000182d0: 706c 6179 2e20 2049 6620 2269 6422 2069 play. If \"id\" i\n-000182e0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 s set to. \n-000182f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 5f5f \"__\n-00018300: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2061 6e64 206e timeout__\" and n\n-00018310: 6f20 2274 6578 7422 2070 726f 7065 7274 o \"text\" propert\n-00018320: 7920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 y is set then. \n+00018280: 2020 746f 2061 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 to an automati\n+00018290: 6361 6c20 626f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 cal boot of the \n+000182a0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 0a20 default entry.. \n+000182b0: 2020 2020 7465 7874 2020 2020 2020 2020 text \n+000182c0: 2020 2054 6865 2074 6578 7420 746f 2064 The text to d\n+000182d0: 6973 706c 6179 2e20 2049 6620 2269 6422 isplay. If \"id\"\n+000182e0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 is set to. \n+000182f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+00018300: 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2061 6e64 __timeout__\" and\n+00018310: 206e 6f20 2274 6578 7422 2070 726f 7065 no \"text\" prope\n+00018320: 7274 7920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6865 6e0a rty is set then.\n 00018330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018340: 2020 7468 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 the amount of \n-00018350: 7365 636f 6e64 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 seconds will be \n-00018360: 7368 6f77 6e2e 2020 4966 2073 6574 2074 shown. If set t\n-00018370: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n-00018380: 2020 2020 2020 2240 4b45 594d 4150 5f53 \"@KEYMAP_S\n-00018390: 484f 5254 4022 2c20 2240 4b45 594d 4150 HORT@\", \"@KEYMAP\n-000183a0: 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 _MIDDLE@\" or. \n+00018340: 2020 2020 7468 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 206f the amount o\n+00018350: 6620 7365 636f 6e64 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 f seconds will b\n+00018360: 6520 7368 6f77 6e2e 2020 4966 2073 6574 e shown. If set\n+00018370: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n+00018380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 4b45 594d 4150 \"@KEYMAP\n+00018390: 5f53 484f 5254 4022 2c20 2240 4b45 594d _SHORT@\", \"@KEYM\n+000183a0: 4150 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 2220 6f72 0a20 AP_MIDDLE@\" or. \n 000183b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000183c0: 2022 404b 4559 4d41 505f 4c4f 4e47 4022 \"@KEYMAP_LONG@\"\n-000183d0: 2074 6865 6e20 7072 6564 6566 696e 6564 then predefined\n-000183e0: 2068 6f74 6b65 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 hotkey. \n-000183f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 666f info\n-00018400: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 rmation will be \n-00018410: 7368 6f77 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6e74 shown.. font\n-00018420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 The f\n-00018430: 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 ont to use for t\n-00018440: 6578 7420 6469 7370 6c61 792e 0a20 2020 ext display.. \n-00018450: 2020 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 color \n-00018460: 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 206f 6620 7468 The color of th\n-00018470: 6520 7465 7874 2e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c69 e text.. ali\n-00018480: 676e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 gn The \n-00018490: 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 6c69 676e horizontal align\n-000184a0: 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 ment of the text\n-000184b0: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 within the. \n+000183c0: 2020 2022 404b 4559 4d41 505f 4c4f 4e47 \"@KEYMAP_LONG\n+000183d0: 4022 2074 6865 6e20 7072 6564 6566 696e @\" then predefin\n+000183e0: 6564 2068 6f74 6b65 790a 2020 2020 2020 ed hotkey. \n+000183f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e in\n+00018400: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 formation will b\n+00018410: 6520 7368 6f77 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 666f e shown.. fo\n+00018420: 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 nt The\n+00018430: 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 font to use for\n+00018440: 2074 6578 7420 6469 7370 6c61 792e 0a20 text display.. \n+00018450: 2020 2020 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 color \n+00018460: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 206f 6620 The color of \n+00018470: 7468 6520 7465 7874 2e0a 2020 2020 2061 the text.. a\n+00018480: 6c69 676e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 lign Th\n+00018490: 6520 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 6c69 e horizontal ali\n+000184a0: 676e 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 gnment of the te\n+000184b0: 7874 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 650a 2020 xt within the. \n 000184c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000184d0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 4f70 7469 component. Opti\n-000184e0: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 226c 6566 7422 2c20 ons are \"left\", \n-000184f0: 2263 656e 7465 7222 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 \"center\" and. \n+000184d0: 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 4f70 component. Op\n+000184e0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 226c 6566 7422 tions are \"left\"\n+000184f0: 2c20 2263 656e 7465 7222 2061 6e64 0a20 , \"center\" and. \n 00018500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018510: 2022 7269 6768 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2076 \"right\".. v\n-00018520: 6973 6962 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 isible Se\n-00018530: 7420 746f 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2074 6f20 t to \"false\" to \n-00018540: 6869 6465 2074 6865 206c 6162 656c 2e0a hide the label..\n-00018550: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 696d 6167 6520 4120 . ... image A \n-00018560: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7468 6174 2064 component that d\n-00018570: 6973 706c 6179 7320 616e 2069 6d61 6765 isplays an image\n-00018580: 2e20 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 . The image is \n-00018590: 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2066 scaled to. f\n-000185a0: 6974 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 it the component\n-000185b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 ... Properti\n-000185c0: 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 es:.. file \n-000185d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 756c The ful\n-000185e0: 6c20 7061 7468 2074 6f20 7468 6520 696d l path to the im\n-000185f0: 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 age file to load\n-00018600: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7072 6f67 7265 ... ... progre\n-00018610: 7373 5f62 6172 2044 6973 706c 6179 7320 ss_bar Displays \n-00018620: 6120 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 6c79 206f a horizontally o\n-00018630: 7269 656e 7465 6420 7072 6f67 7265 7373 riented progress\n-00018640: 2062 6172 2e20 2049 7420 6361 6e0a 2020 bar. It can. \n-00018650: 2020 2062 6520 7265 6e64 6572 6564 2075 be rendered u\n-00018660: 7369 6e67 2073 696d 706c 6520 736f 6c69 sing simple soli\n-00018670: 6420 6669 6c6c 6564 2072 6563 7461 6e67 d filled rectang\n-00018680: 6c65 732c 206f 7220 7573 696e 6720 6120 les, or using a \n-00018690: 7061 6972 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2070 6978 pair. of pix\n-000186a0: 6d61 7020 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 map styled boxes\n-000186b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 ... Properti\n-000186c0: 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6964 2020 2020 es:.. id \n-000186d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 Set to \n-000186e0: 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 746f \"__timeout__\" to\n-000186f0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2074 696d display the tim\n-00018700: 6520 656c 6170 7365 640a 2020 2020 2020 e elapsed. \n-00018710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 746f to\n-00018720: 2061 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c20 an automatical \n-00018730: 626f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 6465 6661 boot of the defa\n-00018740: 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 0a20 2020 2020 ult entry.. \n-00018750: 6667 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2054 fg_color T\n-00018760: 6865 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 636f he foreground co\n-00018770: 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 706c 6169 6e20 736f lor for plain so\n-00018780: 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2020 lid color. \n-00018790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 re\n-000187a0: 6e64 6572 696e 672e 0a20 2020 2020 6267 ndering.. bg\n-000187b0: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 _color The\n-000187c0: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f background colo\n-000187d0: 7220 666f 7220 706c 6169 6e20 736f 6c69 r for plain soli\n-000187e0: 6420 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 d color. \n-000187f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 6e64 rend\n-00018800: 6572 696e 672e 0a20 2020 2020 626f 7264 ering.. bord\n-00018810: 6572 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2054 6865 2062 er_color The b\n-00018820: 6f72 6465 7220 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 order color for \n-00018830: 706c 6169 6e20 736f 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f plain solid colo\n-00018840: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n-00018850: 2020 2020 2020 7265 6e64 6572 696e 672e rendering.\n-00018860: 0a20 2020 2020 7465 7874 5f63 6f6c 6f72 . text_color\n-00018870: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 6578 7420 636f The text co\n-00018880: 6c6f 722e 0a20 2020 2020 6261 725f 7374 lor.. bar_st\n-00018890: 796c 6520 2020 2020 2054 6865 2073 7479 yle The sty\n-000188a0: 6c65 6420 626f 7820 7370 6563 6966 6963 led box specific\n-000188b0: 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 6672 ation for the fr\n-000188c0: 616d 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ame of. \n-000188d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2070 the p\n-000188e0: 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 2020 4578 rogress bar. Ex\n-000188f0: 616d 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ample:. \n-00018900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7072 6f67 \"prog\n-00018910: 7265 7373 5f66 7261 6d65 5f2a 2e70 6e67 ress_frame_*.png\n-00018920: 2220 4966 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 2069 \" If the value i\n-00018930: 7320 6571 7561 6c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 s equal to. \n-00018940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-00018950: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 745f 7374 796c 6522 highlight_style\"\n-00018960: 2074 6865 6e20 6e6f 2073 7479 6c65 6420 then no styled \n-00018970: 626f 7865 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 boxes will be. \n+00018510: 2020 2022 7269 6768 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 \"right\".. \n+00018520: 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 visible \n+00018530: 5365 7420 746f 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2074 Set to \"false\" t\n+00018540: 6f20 6869 6465 2074 6865 206c 6162 656c o hide the label\n+00018550: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 696d 6167 6520 ... ... image \n+00018560: 4120 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7468 6174 A component that\n+00018570: 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 616e 2069 6d61 displays an ima\n+00018580: 6765 2e20 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2069 ge. The image i\n+00018590: 7320 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 s scaled to. \n+000185a0: 2066 6974 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 fit the compone\n+000185b0: 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 nt... Proper\n+000185c0: 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 ties:.. file\n+000185d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 The f\n+000185e0: 756c 6c20 7061 7468 2074 6f20 7468 6520 ull path to the \n+000185f0: 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 6c6f image file to lo\n+00018600: 6164 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7072 6f67 ad... ... prog\n+00018610: 7265 7373 5f62 6172 2044 6973 706c 6179 ress_bar Display\n+00018620: 7320 6120 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 6c79 s a horizontally\n+00018630: 206f 7269 656e 7465 6420 7072 6f67 7265 oriented progre\n+00018640: 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2049 7420 6361 6e0a ss bar. It can.\n+00018650: 2020 2020 2062 6520 7265 6e64 6572 6564 be rendered\n+00018660: 2075 7369 6e67 2073 696d 706c 6520 736f using simple so\n+00018670: 6c69 6420 6669 6c6c 6564 2072 6563 7461 lid filled recta\n+00018680: 6e67 6c65 732c 206f 7220 7573 696e 6720 ngles, or using \n+00018690: 6120 7061 6972 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2070 a pair. of p\n+000186a0: 6978 6d61 7020 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 ixmap styled box\n+000186b0: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 es... Proper\n+000186c0: 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6964 2020 ties:.. id \n+000186d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 Set t\n+000186e0: 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 o \"__timeout__\" \n+000186f0: 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2074 to display the t\n+00018700: 696d 6520 656c 6170 7365 640a 2020 2020 ime elapsed. \n+00018710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018720: 746f 2061 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 to an automatica\n+00018730: 6c20 626f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 6465 l boot of the de\n+00018740: 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 0a20 2020 fault entry.. \n+00018750: 2020 6667 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 fg_color \n+00018760: 2054 6865 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 The foreground \n+00018770: 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 706c 6169 6e20 color for plain \n+00018780: 736f 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 solid color. \n+00018790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000187a0: 7265 6e64 6572 696e 672e 0a20 2020 2020 rendering.. \n+000187b0: 6267 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2054 bg_color T\n+000187c0: 6865 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f he background co\n+000187d0: 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 706c 6169 6e20 736f lor for plain so\n+000187e0: 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2020 lid color. \n+000187f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 re\n+00018800: 6e64 6572 696e 672e 0a20 2020 2020 626f ndering.. bo\n+00018810: 7264 6572 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2054 6865 rder_color The\n+00018820: 2062 6f72 6465 7220 636f 6c6f 7220 666f border color fo\n+00018830: 7220 706c 6169 6e20 736f 6c69 6420 636f r plain solid co\n+00018840: 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lor. \n+00018850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 6e64 6572 696e renderin\n+00018860: 672e 0a20 2020 2020 7465 7874 5f63 6f6c g.. text_col\n+00018870: 6f72 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 6578 7420 or The text \n+00018880: 636f 6c6f 722e 0a20 2020 2020 6261 725f color.. bar_\n+00018890: 7374 796c 6520 2020 2020 2054 6865 2073 style The s\n+000188a0: 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 7370 6563 6966 tyled box specif\n+000188b0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 ication for the \n+000188c0: 6672 616d 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 frame of. \n+000188d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n+000188e0: 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 2020 progress bar. \n+000188f0: 4578 616d 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 Example:. \n+00018900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7072 \"pr\n+00018910: 6f67 7265 7373 5f66 7261 6d65 5f2a 2e70 ogress_frame_*.p\n+00018920: 6e67 2220 4966 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 ng\" If the value\n+00018930: 2069 7320 6571 7561 6c20 746f 0a20 2020 is equal to. \n+00018940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018950: 2022 6869 6768 6c69 6768 745f 7374 796c \"highlight_styl\n+00018960: 6522 2074 6865 6e20 6e6f 2073 7479 6c65 e\" then no style\n+00018970: 6420 626f 7865 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 650a d boxes will be.\n 00018980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018990: 2020 7368 6f77 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 6869 shown.. hi\n-000189a0: 6768 6c69 6768 745f 7374 796c 6554 6865 ghlight_styleThe\n-000189b0: 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 7370 6563 styled box spec\n-000189c0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 ification for th\n-000189d0: 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 640a 2020 e highlighted. \n+00018990: 2020 2020 7368 6f77 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 shown.. \n+000189a0: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 745f 7374 796c 6554 highlight_styleT\n+000189b0: 6865 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 7370 he styled box sp\n+000189c0: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 ecification for \n+000189d0: 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 640a the highlighted.\n 000189e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000189f0: 2020 7265 6769 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 region of the \n-00018a00: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2054 progress bar. T\n-00018a10: 6869 7320 626f 7820 7769 6c6c 2062 650a his box will be.\n-00018a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018a30: 2020 2020 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7061 696e used to pain\n-00018a40: 7420 6a75 7374 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c t just the highl\n-00018a50: 6967 6874 6564 2072 6567 696f 6e20 6f66 ighted region of\n-00018a60: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-00018a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6172 2c20 616e bar, an\n-00018a80: 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696e 6372 6561 d will be increa\n-00018a90: 7365 6420 696e 2073 697a 6520 6173 2074 sed in size as t\n-00018aa0: 6865 2062 6172 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 he bar. \n-00018ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6561 7273 nears\n-00018ac0: 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e2e 2020 4578 completion. Ex\n-00018ad0: 616d 706c 653a 2022 7072 6f67 7265 7373 ample: \"progress\n-00018ae0: 5f68 6c5f 2a2e 706e 6722 2e0a 2020 2020 _hl_*.png\".. \n+000189f0: 2020 2020 7265 6769 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 region of th\n+00018a00: 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 e progress bar. \n+00018a10: 2054 6869 7320 626f 7820 7769 6c6c 2062 This box will b\n+00018a20: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00018a30: 2020 2020 2020 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7061 used to pa\n+00018a40: 696e 7420 6a75 7374 2074 6865 2068 6967 int just the hig\n+00018a50: 686c 6967 6874 6564 2072 6567 696f 6e20 hlighted region \n+00018a60: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+00018a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6172 2c20 bar, \n+00018a80: 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696e 6372 and will be incr\n+00018a90: 6561 7365 6420 696e 2073 697a 6520 6173 eased in size as\n+00018aa0: 2074 6865 2062 6172 0a20 2020 2020 2020 the bar. \n+00018ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6561 nea\n+00018ac0: 7273 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e2e 2020 rs completion. \n+00018ad0: 4578 616d 706c 653a 2022 7072 6f67 7265 Example: \"progre\n+00018ae0: 7373 5f68 6c5f 2a2e 706e 6722 2e0a 2020 ss_hl_*.png\".. \n 00018af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018b00: 4966 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 If the value is \n-00018b10: 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2022 6261 725f 7374 equal to \"bar_st\n-00018b20: 796c 6522 2074 6865 6e20 6e6f 0a20 2020 yle\" then no. \n+00018b00: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 2069 If the value i\n+00018b10: 7320 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2022 6261 725f s equal to \"bar_\n+00018b20: 7374 796c 6522 2074 6865 6e20 6e6f 0a20 style\" then no. \n 00018b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018b40: 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 7320 7769 styled boxes wi\n-00018b50: 6c6c 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e2e 0a20 2020 ll be shown.. \n-00018b60: 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 745f 6f76 6572 highlight_over\n-00018b70: 6c61 7949 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f layIf this optio\n-00018b80: 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2274 7275 n is set to \"tru\n-00018b90: 6522 2074 6865 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 e\" then the. \n+00018b40: 2020 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 7320 styled boxes \n+00018b50: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e2e 0a20 will be shown.. \n+00018b60: 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 745f 6f76 highlight_ov\n+00018b70: 6572 6c61 7949 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 erlayIf this opt\n+00018b80: 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2274 ion is set to \"t\n+00018b90: 7275 6522 2074 6865 6e20 7468 650a 2020 rue\" then the. \n 00018ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018bb0: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 626f 7820 7369 highlight box si\n-00018bc0: 6465 2073 6c69 6365 7320 2865 7665 7279 de slices (every\n-00018bd0: 2073 6c69 6365 2065 7863 6570 740a 2020 slice except. \n+00018bb0: 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 626f 7820 highlight box \n+00018bc0: 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 7320 2865 7665 side slices (eve\n+00018bd0: 7279 2073 6c69 6365 2065 7863 6570 740a ry slice except.\n 00018be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018bf0: 2020 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 the center sli\n-00018c00: 6365 2920 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 726c 6179 ce) will overlay\n-00018c10: 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 2062 6f78 0a20 the frame box. \n-00018c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018c30: 2020 2073 6964 6520 736c 6963 6573 2e20 side slices. \n-00018c40: 2041 6e64 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 And the center \n-00018c50: 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 slice of the. \n+00018bf0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 the center s\n+00018c00: 6c69 6365 2920 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 726c lice) will overl\n+00018c10: 6179 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 2062 6f78 ay the frame box\n+00018c20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018c30: 2020 2020 2073 6964 6520 736c 6963 6573 side slices\n+00018c40: 2e20 2041 6e64 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 . And the cente\n+00018c50: 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 r slice of the. \n 00018c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018c70: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 2062 6f78 2063 highlight box c\n-00018c80: 616e 206d 6f76 6520 616c 6c20 7468 6520 an move all the \n-00018c90: 7761 7920 2866 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f way (from top to\n-00018ca0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00018cb0: 2020 2020 2062 6f74 746f 6d29 2c20 6265 bottom), be\n-00018cc0: 696e 6720 6472 6177 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 ing drawn on the\n-00018cd0: 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 center slice of\n-00018ce0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-00018cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 7261 6d65 2062 frame b\n-00018d00: 6f78 2e20 2054 6861 7420 7761 7920 7765 ox. That way we\n-00018d10: 2063 616e 206d 616b 6520 6120 7072 6f67 can make a prog\n-00018d20: 7265 7373 2062 6172 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ress bar. \n-00018d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 6974 wit\n-00018d40: 6820 726f 756e 642d 7368 6170 6564 2065 h round-shaped e\n-00018d50: 6467 6573 2073 6f20 7468 6572 6520 776f dges so there wo\n-00018d60: 6e27 7420 6265 2061 2066 7265 650a 2020 n't be a free. \n+00018c70: 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 2062 6f78 highlight box\n+00018c80: 2063 616e 206d 6f76 6520 616c 6c20 7468 can move all th\n+00018c90: 6520 7761 7920 2866 726f 6d20 746f 7020 e way (from top \n+00018ca0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n+00018cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f74 746f 6d29 2c20 bottom), \n+00018cc0: 6265 696e 6720 6472 6177 6e20 6f6e 2074 being drawn on t\n+00018cd0: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 he center slice \n+00018ce0: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+00018cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 7261 6d65 frame\n+00018d00: 2062 6f78 2e20 2054 6861 7420 7761 7920 box. That way \n+00018d10: 7765 2063 616e 206d 616b 6520 6120 7072 we can make a pr\n+00018d20: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 0a20 2020 2020 ogress bar. \n+00018d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 w\n+00018d40: 6974 6820 726f 756e 642d 7368 6170 6564 ith round-shaped\n+00018d50: 2065 6467 6573 2073 6f20 7468 6572 6520 edges so there \n+00018d60: 776f 6e27 7420 6265 2061 2066 7265 650a won't be a free.\n 00018d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018d80: 2020 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 space from the\n-00018d90: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 2074 6f20 7468 highlight to th\n-00018da0: 6520 6672 616d 6520 696e 2074 6f70 2061 e frame in top a\n-00018db0: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nd. \n-00018dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 7363 bottom sc\n-00018dd0: 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 706f 7369 7469 6f6e rollbar position\n-00018de0: 732e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 s. Default is \"\n-00018df0: 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 6f6e false\".. fon\n-00018e00: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 t The \n-00018e10: 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 font to use for \n-00018e20: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e0a 2020 progress bar.. \n-00018e30: 2020 2074 6578 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 text \n-00018e40: 2020 5468 6520 7465 7874 2074 6f20 6469 The text to di\n-00018e50: 7370 6c61 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 726f splay on the pro\n-00018e60: 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 2020 4966 2074 gress bar. If t\n-00018e70: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n-00018e80: 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 progress \n-00018e90: 6261 7227 7320 4944 2069 7320 7365 7420 bar's ID is set \n-00018ea0: 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 to \"__timeout__\"\n-00018eb0: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 and. \n-00018ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2076 616c the val\n-00018ed0: 7565 206f 6620 7468 6973 2070 726f 7065 ue of this prope\n-00018ee0: 7274 7920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 rty is set to. \n+00018d80: 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 space from t\n+00018d90: 6865 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 2074 6f20 he highlight to \n+00018da0: 7468 6520 6672 616d 6520 696e 2074 6f70 the frame in top\n+00018db0: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 and. \n+00018dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 bottom \n+00018dd0: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 706f 7369 7469 scrollbar positi\n+00018de0: 6f6e 732e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 ons. Default is\n+00018df0: 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 \"false\".. f\n+00018e00: 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 ont Th\n+00018e10: 6520 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f e font to use fo\n+00018e20: 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e0a r progress bar..\n+00018e30: 2020 2020 2074 6578 7420 2020 2020 2020 text \n+00018e40: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 7874 2074 6f20 The text to \n+00018e50: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 display on the p\n+00018e60: 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 2020 4966 rogress bar. If\n+00018e70: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00018e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 6573 progres\n+00018e90: 7320 6261 7227 7320 4944 2069 7320 7365 s bar's ID is se\n+00018ea0: 7420 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f t to \"__timeout_\n+00018eb0: 5f22 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _\" and. \n+00018ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2076 the v\n+00018ed0: 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6973 2070 726f alue of this pro\n+00018ee0: 7065 7274 7920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a perty is set to.\n 00018ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018f00: 2020 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTI\n-00018f10: 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 4022 FICATION_SHORT@\"\n-00018f20: 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,. \n-00018f30: 2020 2020 2020 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f \"@TIMEOUT_\n-00018f40: 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 NOTIFICATION_MID\n-00018f50: 444c 4540 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 DLE@\" or. \n-00018f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 \"@T\n-00018f70: 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 IMEOUT_NOTIFICAT\n-00018f80: 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 4022 2c20 7468 656e ION_LONG@\", then\n-00018f90: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 GRUB will. \n-00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 u\n-00018fb0: 7064 6174 6520 7468 6973 2070 726f 7065 pdate this prope\n-00018fc0: 7274 7920 7769 7468 2061 6e20 696e 666f rty with an info\n-00018fd0: 726d 6174 6976 6520 6d65 7373 6167 650a rmative message.\n-00018fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018ff0: 2020 2020 6173 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f as the timeo\n-00019000: 7574 2061 7070 726f 6163 6865 732e 0a0a ut approaches...\n-00019010: 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 6972 6375 6c61 725f ... circular_\n-00019020: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2044 6973 706c 6179 progress Display\n-00019030: 7320 6120 6369 7263 756c 6172 2070 726f s a circular pro\n-00019040: 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 722e gress indicator.\n-00019050: 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2061 7070 6561 The. appea\n-00019060: 7261 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 636f rance of this co\n-00019070: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 6973 2064 6574 6572 mponent is deter\n-00019080: 6d69 6e65 6420 6279 2074 776f 2069 6d61 mined by two ima\n-00019090: 6765 733a 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2a63 ges: the. *c\n-000190a0: 656e 7465 722a 2069 6d61 6765 2061 6e64 enter* image and\n-000190b0: 2074 6865 202a 7469 636b 2a20 696d 6167 the *tick* imag\n-000190c0: 652e 2020 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2069 e. The center i\n-000190d0: 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c mage is generall\n-000190e0: 790a 2020 2020 206c 6172 6765 7220 616e y. larger an\n-000190f0: 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 d will be drawn \n-00019100: 696e 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 6f66 in the center of\n-00019110: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e20 the component. \n-00019120: 2041 726f 756e 640a 2020 2020 2074 6865 Around. the\n-00019130: 2063 6972 6375 6d66 6572 656e 6365 206f circumference o\n-00019140: 6620 6120 6369 7263 6c65 2077 6974 6869 f a circle withi\n-00019150: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742c n the component,\n-00019160: 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 696d 6167 650a the tick image.\n-00019170: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 will be dra\n-00019180: 776e 2061 2063 6572 7461 696e 206e 756d wn a certain num\n-00019190: 6265 7220 6f66 2074 696d 6573 2c20 6465 ber of times, de\n-000191a0: 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 0a20 pending on the. \n-000191b0: 2020 2020 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 206f properties o\n-000191c0: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e f the component.\n-000191d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 .. Propertie\n-000191e0: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 6420 2020 2020 s:.. id \n+00018f00: 2020 2020 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f \"@TIMEOUT_NO\n+00018f10: 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 TIFICATION_SHORT\n+00018f20: 4022 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 @\",. \n+00018f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 \"@TIMEOU\n+00018f40: 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d T_NOTIFICATION_M\n+00018f50: 4944 444c 4540 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 IDDLE@\" or. \n+00018f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+00018f70: 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 @TIMEOUT_NOTIFIC\n+00018f80: 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 4022 2c20 7468 ATION_LONG@\", th\n+00018f90: 656e 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 en GRUB will. \n+00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018fb0: 2075 7064 6174 6520 7468 6973 2070 726f update this pro\n+00018fc0: 7065 7274 7920 7769 7468 2061 6e20 696e perty with an in\n+00018fd0: 666f 726d 6174 6976 6520 6d65 7373 6167 formative messag\n+00018fe0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00018ff0: 2020 2020 2020 6173 2074 6865 2074 696d as the tim\n+00019000: 656f 7574 2061 7070 726f 6163 6865 732e eout approaches.\n+00019010: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 6972 6375 6c61 .. ... circula\n+00019020: 725f 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2044 6973 706c r_progress Displ\n+00019030: 6179 7320 6120 6369 7263 756c 6172 2070 ays a circular p\n+00019040: 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f rogress indicato\n+00019050: 722e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2061 7070 r. The. app\n+00019060: 6561 7261 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 earance of this \n+00019070: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 6973 2064 6574 component is det\n+00019080: 6572 6d69 6e65 6420 6279 2074 776f 2069 ermined by two i\n+00019090: 6d61 6765 733a 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 mages: the. \n+000190a0: 2a63 656e 7465 722a 2069 6d61 6765 2061 *center* image a\n+000190b0: 6e64 2074 6865 202a 7469 636b 2a20 696d nd the *tick* im\n+000190c0: 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 age. The center\n+000190d0: 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6765 6e65 7261 image is genera\n+000190e0: 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 206c 6172 6765 7220 lly. larger \n+000190f0: 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 and will be draw\n+00019100: 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 n in the center \n+00019110: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 of the component\n+00019120: 2e20 2041 726f 756e 640a 2020 2020 2074 . Around. t\n+00019130: 6865 2063 6972 6375 6d66 6572 656e 6365 he circumference\n+00019140: 206f 6620 6120 6369 7263 6c65 2077 6974 of a circle wit\n+00019150: 6869 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e hin the componen\n+00019160: 742c 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 696d 6167 t, the tick imag\n+00019170: 650a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 e. will be d\n+00019180: 7261 776e 2061 2063 6572 7461 696e 206e rawn a certain n\n+00019190: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2074 696d 6573 2c20 umber of times, \n+000191a0: 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 depending on the\n+000191b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 . properties\n+000191c0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e of the componen\n+000191d0: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 t... Propert\n+000191e0: 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 6420 2020 ies:.. id \n 000191f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019200: 5365 7420 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 Set to \"__timeou\n-00019210: 745f 5f22 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 t__\" to display \n-00019220: 7468 6520 7469 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 the time. \n+00019200: 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 Set to \"__time\n+00019210: 6f75 745f 5f22 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 out__\" to displa\n+00019220: 7920 7468 6520 7469 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 y the time. \n 00019230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019240: 2020 2020 2065 6c61 7073 6564 2074 6f20 elapsed to \n-00019250: 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 2062 an automatical b\n-00019260: 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 oot of the. \n+00019240: 2020 2020 2020 2065 6c61 7073 6564 2074 elapsed t\n+00019250: 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c o an automatical\n+00019260: 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 boot of the. \n 00019270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019280: 2020 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 default e\n-00019290: 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 2063 656e 7465 ntry.. cente\n-000192a0: 725f 6269 746d 6170 2020 2020 2020 2020 r_bitmap \n-000192b0: 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 The file name \n-000192c0: 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 of the image to \n-000192d0: 6472 6177 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 draw in the. \n+00019280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 default\n+00019290: 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 2063 656e entry.. cen\n+000192a0: 7465 725f 6269 746d 6170 2020 2020 2020 ter_bitmap \n+000192b0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d The file nam\n+000192c0: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2074 e of the image t\n+000192d0: 6f20 6472 6177 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 o draw in the. \n 000192e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000192f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 206f center o\n-00019300: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e f the component.\n-00019310: 0a20 2020 2020 7469 636b 5f62 6974 6d61 . tick_bitma\n-00019320: 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 p The\n-00019330: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 file name of th\n-00019340: 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2064 7261 7720 e image to draw \n-00019350: 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 for. \n+000192f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 center\n+00019300: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e of the componen\n+00019310: 742e 0a20 2020 2020 7469 636b 5f62 6974 t.. tick_bit\n+00019320: 6d61 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 map T\n+00019330: 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 he file name of \n+00019340: 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2064 7261 the image to dra\n+00019350: 7720 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 w for. \n 00019360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019370: 7468 6520 7469 636b 206d 6172 6b73 2e0a the tick marks..\n-00019380: 2020 2020 206e 756d 5f74 6963 6b73 2020 num_ticks \n-00019390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n-000193a0: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7469 636b 7320 number of ticks \n-000193b0: 7468 6174 206d 616b 6520 7570 2061 2066 that make up a f\n-000193c0: 756c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ull. \n+00019370: 2020 7468 6520 7469 636b 206d 6172 6b73 the tick marks\n+00019380: 2e0a 2020 2020 206e 756d 5f74 6963 6b73 .. num_ticks\n+00019390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n+000193a0: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7469 636b e number of tick\n+000193b0: 7320 7468 6174 206d 616b 6520 7570 2061 s that make up a\n+000193c0: 2066 756c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 full. \n 000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000193e0: 6369 7263 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6963 circle.. tic\n-000193f0: 6b73 5f64 6973 6170 7065 6172 2020 2020 ks_disappear \n-00019400: 2020 2020 426f 6f6c 6561 6e20 7661 6c75 Boolean valu\n-00019410: 6520 696e 6469 6361 7469 6e67 2077 6865 e indicating whe\n-00019420: 7468 6572 2074 6963 6b0a 2020 2020 2020 ther tick. \n+000193e0: 2020 6369 7263 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 circle.. t\n+000193f0: 6963 6b73 5f64 6973 6170 7065 6172 2020 icks_disappear \n+00019400: 2020 2020 2020 426f 6f6c 6561 6e20 7661 Boolean va\n+00019410: 6c75 6520 696e 6469 6361 7469 6e67 2077 lue indicating w\n+00019420: 6865 7468 6572 2074 6963 6b0a 2020 2020 hether tick. \n 00019430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019440: 2020 2020 2020 6d61 726b 7320 7368 6f75 marks shou\n-00019450: 6c64 2070 726f 6772 6573 7369 7665 6c79 ld progressively\n-00019460: 2061 7070 6561 722c 206f 720a 2020 2020 appear, or. \n+00019440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d61 726b 7320 7368 marks sh\n+00019450: 6f75 6c64 2070 726f 6772 6573 7369 7665 ould progressive\n+00019460: 6c79 2061 7070 6561 722c 206f 720a 2020 ly appear, or. \n 00019470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f67 7265 7373 progress\n-00019490: 6976 656c 7920 6469 7361 7070 6561 7220 ively disappear \n-000194a0: 6173 202a 7661 6c75 652a 0a20 2020 2020 as *value*. \n+00019480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f67 7265 progre\n+00019490: 7373 6976 656c 7920 6469 7361 7070 6561 ssively disappea\n+000194a0: 7220 6173 202a 7661 6c75 652a 0a20 2020 r as *value*. \n 000194b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000194c0: 2020 2020 2020 2061 7070 726f 6163 6865 approache\n-000194d0: 7320 2a65 6e64 2a2e 2020 5370 6563 6966 s *end*. Specif\n-000194e0: 7920 2274 7275 6522 206f 720a 2020 2020 y \"true\" or. \n+000194c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7070 726f 6163 approac\n+000194d0: 6865 7320 2a65 6e64 2a2e 2020 5370 6563 hes *end*. Spec\n+000194e0: 6966 7920 2274 7275 6522 206f 720a 2020 ify \"true\" or. \n 000194f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2266 616c 7365 222e \"false\".\n-00019510: 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6661 Default is \"fa\n-00019520: 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 7461 7274 lse\".. start\n-00019530: 5f61 6e67 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _angle \n-00019540: 2020 5468 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 206f The position o\n-00019550: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7469 636b f the first tick\n-00019560: 206d 6172 6b20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 mark to. \n+00019500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2266 616c 7365 \"false\n+00019510: 222e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 \". Default is \"\n+00019520: 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 7461 false\".. sta\n+00019530: 7274 5f61 6e67 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 rt_angle \n+00019540: 2020 2020 5468 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e The position\n+00019550: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7469 of the first ti\n+00019560: 636b 206d 6172 6b20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ck mark to. \n 00019570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019580: 2020 2020 2061 7070 6561 7220 6f72 2064 appear or d\n-00019590: 6973 6170 7065 6172 2e20 204d 6561 7375 isappear. Measu\n-000195a0: 7265 6420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 red in. \n+00019580: 2020 2020 2020 2061 7070 6561 7220 6f72 appear or\n+00019590: 2064 6973 6170 7065 6172 2e20 204d 6561 disappear. Mea\n+000195a0: 7375 7265 6420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 sured in. \n 000195b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000195c0: 2020 2022 7061 7272 6f74 7322 2c20 3120 \"parrots\", 1 \n-000195d0: 2270 6172 726f 7422 203d 2031 202f 2032 \"parrot\" = 1 / 2\n-000195e0: 3536 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 56 of the. \n+000195c0: 2020 2020 2022 7061 7272 6f74 7322 2c20 \"parrots\", \n+000195d0: 3120 2270 6172 726f 7422 203d 2031 202f 1 \"parrot\" = 1 /\n+000195e0: 2032 3536 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 256 of the. \n 000195f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019600: 2020 2020 2020 6675 6c6c 2063 6972 636c full circl\n-00019610: 652e 2020 5573 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2022 e. Use values \"\n-00019620: 7878 7820 6465 6722 206f 720a 2020 2020 xxx deg\" or. \n+00019600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6675 6c6c 2063 6972 full cir\n+00019610: 636c 652e 2020 5573 6520 7661 6c75 6573 cle. Use values\n+00019620: 2022 7878 7820 6465 6722 206f 720a 2020 \"xxx deg\" or. \n 00019630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2278 7878 205c 7863 \"xxx \\xc\n-00019650: 325c 7862 3022 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 2\\xb0\" to set th\n-00019660: 6520 616e 676c 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e angle in. \n+00019640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2278 7878 205c \"xxx \\\n+00019650: 7863 325c 7862 3022 2074 6f20 7365 7420 xc2\\xb0\" to set \n+00019660: 7468 6520 616e 676c 6520 696e 0a20 2020 the angle in. \n 00019670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019680: 2020 2020 2020 2064 6567 7265 6573 2e0a degrees..\n-00019690: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626f 6f74 5f6d 656e . ... boot_men\n-000196a0: 7520 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2074 6865 2047 u Displays the G\n-000196b0: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 206d 656e 752e 2020 RUB boot menu. \n-000196c0: 4974 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7365 6c65 6374 It allows select\n-000196d0: 696e 6720 6974 656d 730a 2020 2020 2061 ing items. a\n-000196e0: 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2074 6865 nd executing the\n-000196f0: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 m... Propert\n-00019700: 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f ies:.. item_\n-00019710: 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 font \n-00019720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6e The fon\n-00019730: 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6865 t to use for the\n-00019740: 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 0a20 2020 2020 menu item. \n+00019680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6567 7265 6573 degrees\n+00019690: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626f 6f74 5f6d ... ... boot_m\n+000196a0: 656e 7520 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2074 6865 enu Displays the\n+000196b0: 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 206d 656e 752e GRUB boot menu.\n+000196c0: 2020 4974 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7365 6c65 It allows sele\n+000196d0: 6374 696e 6720 6974 656d 730a 2020 2020 cting items. \n+000196e0: 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2074 and executing t\n+000196f0: 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 hem... Prope\n+00019700: 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 7465 rties:.. ite\n+00019710: 6d5f 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m_font \n+00019720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 The f\n+00019730: 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 ont to use for t\n+00019740: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 0a20 2020 he menu item. \n 00019750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7469 ti\n-00019770: 746c 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 tles.. selec\n-00019780: 7465 645f 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e 7420 2020 ted_item_font \n-00019790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6e The fon\n-000197a0: 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6865 t to use for the\n-000197b0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2020 selected. \n+00019760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019770: 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 656c titles.. sel\n+00019780: 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e 7420 ected_item_font \n+00019790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 The f\n+000197a0: 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 ont to use for t\n+000197b0: 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 he selected. \n 000197c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000197d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e men\n-000197e0: 7520 6974 656d 2c20 6f72 2022 696e 6865 u item, or \"inhe\n-000197f0: 7269 7422 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 rit\" (the. \n+000197d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d m\n+000197e0: 656e 7520 6974 656d 2c20 6f72 2022 696e enu item, or \"in\n+000197f0: 6865 7269 7422 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 herit\" (the. \n 00019800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6566 def\n-00019820: 6175 6c74 2920 746f 2075 7365 2022 6974 ault) to use \"it\n-00019830: 656d 5f66 6f6e 7422 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 em_font\" for. \n+00019810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 d\n+00019820: 6566 6175 6c74 2920 746f 2075 7365 2022 efault) to use \"\n+00019830: 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e 7422 2066 6f72 0a20 item_font\" for. \n 00019840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019860: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 206d 656e the selected men\n-00019870: 7520 6974 656d 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2e0a u item as well..\n-00019880: 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 636f 6c6f 7220 item_color \n-00019890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000198a0: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2074 6f20 The color to \n-000198b0: 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 use for the menu\n-000198c0: 2069 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 item. \n+00019860: 2020 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 206d the selected m\n+00019870: 656e 7520 6974 656d 2061 7320 7765 6c6c enu item as well\n+00019880: 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 636f 6c6f .. item_colo\n+00019890: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+000198a0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2074 The color t\n+000198b0: 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 o use for the me\n+000198c0: 6e75 2069 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 nu item. \n 000198d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000198e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 732e titles.\n-000198f0: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 5f69 . selected_i\n-00019900: 7465 6d5f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 tem_color \n-00019910: 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 746f The color to\n-00019920: 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2073 656c use for the sel\n-00019930: 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ected. \n+000198e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 title\n+000198f0: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 s.. selected\n+00019900: 5f69 7465 6d5f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 _item_color \n+00019910: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 The color \n+00019920: 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2073 to use for the s\n+00019930: 656c 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 elected. \n 00019940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 6974 menu it\n-00019960: 656d 2c20 6f72 2022 696e 6865 7269 7422 em, or \"inherit\"\n-00019970: 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (the. \n+00019950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 menu \n+00019960: 6974 656d 2c20 6f72 2022 696e 6865 7269 item, or \"inheri\n+00019970: 7422 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 t\" (the. \n 00019980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 default\n-000199a0: 2920 746f 2075 7365 2022 6974 656d 5f63 ) to use \"item_c\n-000199b0: 6f6c 6f72 2220 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 olor\" for. \n+00019990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 defau\n+000199a0: 6c74 2920 746f 2075 7365 2022 6974 656d lt) to use \"item\n+000199b0: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2220 666f 720a 2020 2020 _color\" for. \n 000199c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000199d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n-000199e0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2069 selected menu i\n-000199f0: 7465 6d20 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a20 2020 tem as well.. \n-00019a00: 2020 6963 6f6e 5f77 6964 7468 2020 2020 icon_width \n+000199d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+000199e0: 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 he selected menu\n+000199f0: 2069 7465 6d20 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a20 item as well.. \n+00019a00: 2020 2020 6963 6f6e 5f77 6964 7468 2020 icon_width \n 00019a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a20: 5468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 206d 656e The width of men\n-00019a30: 7520 6974 656d 2069 636f 6e73 2e0a 2020 u item icons.. \n+00019a20: 2020 5468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 206d The width of m\n+00019a30: 656e 7520 6974 656d 2069 636f 6e73 2e0a enu item icons..\n 00019a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a60: 2049 636f 6e73 2061 7265 2073 6361 6c65 Icons are scale\n-00019a70: 6420 746f 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 d to the specifi\n-00019a80: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed. \n+00019a60: 2020 2049 636f 6e73 2061 7265 2073 6361 Icons are sca\n+00019a70: 6c65 6420 746f 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 led to the speci\n+00019a80: 6669 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fied. \n 00019a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019aa0: 2020 2020 2020 7369 7a65 2e0a 2020 2020 size.. \n-00019ab0: 2069 636f 6e5f 6865 6967 6874 2020 2020 icon_height \n-00019ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 T\n-00019ad0: 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 206d 656e he height of men\n-00019ae0: 7520 6974 656d 2069 636f 6e73 2e0a 2020 u item icons.. \n-00019af0: 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 6865 6967 6874 2020 item_height \n+00019aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7369 7a65 2e0a 2020 size.. \n+00019ab0: 2020 2069 636f 6e5f 6865 6967 6874 2020 icon_height \n+00019ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019ad0: 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 206d The height of m\n+00019ae0: 656e 7520 6974 656d 2069 636f 6e73 2e0a enu item icons..\n+00019af0: 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 6865 6967 6874 item_height\n 00019b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b10: 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 2065 The height of e\n-00019b20: 6163 6820 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 696e ach menu item in\n-00019b30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019b10: 2020 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 The height of\n+00019b20: 2065 6163 6820 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 each menu item \n+00019b30: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n 00019b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b50: 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a 2020 2020 pixels.. \n-00019b60: 2069 7465 6d5f 7061 6464 696e 6720 2020 item_padding \n-00019b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 T\n-00019b80: 6865 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2073 7061 he amount of spa\n-00019b90: 6365 2069 6e20 7069 7865 6c73 2074 6f0a ce in pixels to.\n-00019ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019b50: 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a 2020 pixels.. \n+00019b60: 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 7061 6464 696e 6720 item_padding \n+00019b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019b80: 2054 6865 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2073 The amount of s\n+00019b90: 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7069 7865 6c73 2074 pace in pixels t\n+00019ba0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n 00019bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019bc0: 2020 206c 6561 7665 206f 6e20 6561 6368 leave on each\n-00019bd0: 2073 6964 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e side of the men\n-00019be0: 750a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 u. \n+00019bc0: 2020 2020 206c 6561 7665 206f 6e20 6561 leave on ea\n+00019bd0: 6368 2073 6964 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206d ch side of the m\n+00019be0: 656e 750a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enu. \n 00019bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019c00: 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d20 636f 6e74 656e item conten\n-00019c10: 7473 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 6963 ts.. item_ic\n-00019c20: 6f6e 5f73 7061 6365 2020 2020 2020 2020 on_space \n-00019c30: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2073 7061 6365 The space\n-00019c40: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2061 6e20 6974 656d between an item\n-00019c50: 2773 2069 636f 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 's icon. \n+00019c00: 2020 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d20 636f 6e74 item cont\n+00019c10: 656e 7473 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f ents.. item_\n+00019c20: 6963 6f6e 5f73 7061 6365 2020 2020 2020 icon_space \n+00019c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2073 7061 The spa\n+00019c40: 6365 2062 6574 7765 656e 2061 6e20 6974 ce between an it\n+00019c50: 656d 2773 2069 636f 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 em's icon. \n 00019c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 and t\n-00019c80: 6865 2074 6974 6c65 2074 6578 742c 2069 he title text, i\n-00019c90: 6e20 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 n pixels.. i\n-00019ca0: 7465 6d5f 7370 6163 696e 6720 2020 2020 tem_spacing \n-00019cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n-00019cc0: 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2073 7061 6365 amount of space\n-00019cd0: 2074 6f20 6c65 6176 650a 2020 2020 2020 to leave. \n+00019c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 and\n+00019c80: 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 2074 6578 742c the title text,\n+00019c90: 2069 6e20 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a 2020 2020 in pixels.. \n+00019ca0: 2069 7465 6d5f 7370 6163 696e 6720 2020 item_spacing \n+00019cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 T\n+00019cc0: 6865 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2073 7061 he amount of spa\n+00019cd0: 6365 2074 6f20 6c65 6176 650a 2020 2020 ce to leave. \n 00019ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6574 bet\n-00019d00: 7765 656e 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 732c ween menu items,\n-00019d10: 2069 6e20 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a 2020 2020 in pixels.. \n-00019d20: 206d 656e 755f 7069 786d 6170 5f73 7479 menu_pixmap_sty\n-00019d30: 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 le T\n-00019d40: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 he image file pa\n-00019d50: 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 ttern for the. \n+00019cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 b\n+00019d00: 6574 7765 656e 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d etween menu item\n+00019d10: 732c 2069 6e20 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Example\n-00019da0: 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :. \n+00019d80: 2020 206d 656e 7520 6672 616d 6520 7374 menu frame st\n+00019d90: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 yled box. Examp\n+00019da0: 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le:. \n 00019db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019dc0: 2020 2020 2022 6d65 6e75 5f2a 2e70 6e67 \"menu_*.png\n-00019dd0: 2220 2874 6869 7320 7769 6c6c 2075 7365 \" (this will use\n-00019de0: 2069 6d61 6765 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 images. \n+00019dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2022 6d65 6e75 5f2a 2e70 \"menu_*.p\n+00019dd0: 6e67 2220 2874 6869 7320 7769 6c6c 2075 ng\" (this will u\n+00019de0: 7365 2069 6d61 6765 730a 2020 2020 2020 se images. \n 00019df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7563 6820 such \n-00019e10: 6173 2022 6d65 6e75 5f63 2e70 6e67 222c as \"menu_c.png\",\n-00019e20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7563 suc\n+00019e10: 6820 6173 2022 6d65 6e75 5f63 2e70 6e67 h as \"menu_c.png\n+00019e20: 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \",. \n 00019e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019e40: 2020 2020 226d 656e 755f 772e 706e 6722 \"menu_w.png\"\n-00019e50: 2c20 276d 656e 755f 6e77 2e70 6e67 222c , 'menu_nw.png\",\n-00019e60: 2065 7463 2e29 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d etc.). item\n-00019e70: 5f70 6978 6d61 705f 7374 796c 6520 2020 _pixmap_style \n-00019e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 696d The im\n-00019e90: 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 726e age file pattern\n-00019ea0: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 for the. \n+00019e40: 2020 2020 2020 226d 656e 755f 772e 706e \"menu_w.pn\n+00019e50: 6722 2c20 276d 656e 755f 6e77 2e70 6e67 g\", 'menu_nw.png\n+00019e60: 222c 2065 7463 2e29 0a20 2020 2020 6974 \", etc.). it\n+00019e70: 656d 5f70 6978 6d61 705f 7374 796c 6520 em_pixmap_style \n+00019e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n+00019e90: 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 image file patte\n+00019ea0: 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 rn for the. \n 00019eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6974 656d item\n-00019ed0: 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 782e 0a20 2020 styled box.. \n-00019ee0: 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 5f69 7465 6d5f selected_item_\n-00019ef0: 7069 786d 6170 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 2020 pixmap_style \n-00019f00: 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 The image file p\n-00019f10: 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 attern for the. \n-00019f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6974 it\n+00019ed0: 656d 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 782e 0a20 em styled box.. \n+00019ee0: 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 5f69 7465 selected_ite\n+00019ef0: 6d5f 7069 786d 6170 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 m_pixmap_style \n+00019f00: 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 The image file\n+00019f10: 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 pattern for the\n+00019f20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00019f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019f40: 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2069 7465 6d20 selected item \n-00019f50: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 7374 796c 6564 highlight styled\n-00019f60: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019f40: 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2069 7465 selected ite\n+00019f50: 6d20 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 7374 796c m highlight styl\n+00019f60: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed. \n 00019f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019f80: 2020 2020 626f 782e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 box.. sc\n-00019f90: 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 rollbar \n-00019fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 426f 6f6c Bool\n-00019fb0: 6561 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 696e 6469 6361 ean value indica\n-00019fc0: 7469 6e67 2077 6865 7468 6572 0a20 2020 ting whether. \n+00019f80: 2020 2020 2020 626f 782e 0a20 2020 2020 box.. \n+00019f90: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 2020 2020 2020 scrollbar \n+00019fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 426f Bo\n+00019fb0: 6f6c 6561 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 696e 6469 olean value indi\n+00019fc0: 6361 7469 6e67 2077 6865 7468 6572 0a20 cating whether. \n 00019fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019ff0: 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2073 the scroll bar s\n-0001a000: 686f 756c 6420 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 hould be drawn i\n-0001a010: 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f. \n+00019ff0: 2020 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 the scroll bar\n+0001a000: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2064 7261 776e should be drawn\n+0001a010: 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 if. \n 0001a020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a030: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 2061 the frame a\n-0001a040: 6e64 2074 6875 6d62 2073 7479 6c65 6420 nd thumb styled \n-0001a050: 626f 7865 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boxes. \n+0001a030: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 the frame\n+0001a040: 2061 6e64 2074 6875 6d62 2073 7479 6c65 and thumb style\n+0001a050: 6420 626f 7865 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 d boxes. \n 0001a060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7265 2063 6f6e are con\n-0001a080: 6669 6775 7265 642e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 figured.. sc\n-0001a090: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 6672 616d 6520 2020 rollbar_frame \n-0001a0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n-0001a0b0: 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 image file patte\n-0001a0c0: 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 rn for the. \n+0001a070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7265 2063 are c\n+0001a080: 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 642e 0a20 2020 2020 onfigured.. \n+0001a090: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 6672 616d 6520 scrollbar_frame \n+0001a0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n+0001a0b0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 e image file pat\n+0001a0c0: 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 tern for the. \n 0001a0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 656e en\n-0001a0f0: 7469 7265 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 722e tire scroll bar.\n-0001a100: 2020 4578 616d 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 Example:. \n+0001a0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 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Example:. \n 0001a110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2273 \"s\n-0001a130: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f2a 2e70 6e67 220a crollbar_*.png\".\n-0001a140: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 scrollbar_t\n-0001a150: 6875 6d62 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 humb \n-0001a160: 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c The image fil\n-0001a170: 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 e pattern for th\n-0001a180: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+0001a120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a130: 2273 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f2a 2e70 6e67 \"scrollbar_*.png\n+0001a140: 220a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 \". scrollbar\n+0001a150: 5f74 6875 6d62 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _thumb \n+0001a160: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 The image f\n+0001a170: 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 ile pattern for \n+0001a180: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a1a0: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 scroll bar \n-0001a1b0: 7468 756d 6220 2874 6865 2070 6172 7420 thumb (the part \n-0001a1c0: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+0001a1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 scroll ba\n+0001a1b0: 7220 7468 756d 6220 2874 6865 2070 6172 r thumb (the par\n+0001a1c0: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t of the. \n 0001a1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c scroll\n-0001a1f0: 2062 6172 2074 6861 7420 6d6f 7665 7320 bar that moves \n-0001a200: 6173 2073 6372 6f6c 6c69 6e67 0a20 2020 as scrolling. \n+0001a1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f scro\n+0001a1f0: 6c6c 2062 6172 2074 6861 7420 6d6f 7665 ll bar that move\n+0001a200: 7320 6173 2073 6372 6f6c 6c69 6e67 0a20 s as scrolling. \n 0001a210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a230: 6f63 6375 7273 292e 2020 4578 616d 706c occurs). 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Default is \"f\n+0001a660: 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f alse\".. scro\n+0001a670: 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6520 2020 2020 llbar_slice \n+0001a680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6d65 The me\n+0001a690: 6e75 2066 7261 6d65 2073 7479 6c65 6420 nu frame styled \n+0001a6a0: 626f 7827 7320 736c 6963 650a 2020 2020 box's slice. \n 0001a6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 in \n-0001a6d0: 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c which the scroll\n-0001a6e0: 6261 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 bar will be. \n+0001a6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n+0001a6d0: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 7363 726f n which the scro\n+0001a6e0: 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 llbar will be. \n 0001a6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 d\n-0001a710: 7261 776e 2e20 2050 6f73 7369 626c 6520 rawn. Possible \n-0001a720: 7661 6c75 6573 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 values are. \n+0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a710: 2064 7261 776e 2e20 2050 6f73 7369 626c drawn. Possibl\n+0001a720: 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2061 7265 0a20 2020 e values are. \n 0001a730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2277 \"w\n-0001a750: 6573 7422 2c20 2263 656e 7465 7222 2c20 est\", \"center\", \n-0001a760: 2265 6173 7422 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 \"east\". \n+0001a740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a750: 2277 6573 7422 2c20 2263 656e 7465 7222 \"west\", \"center\"\n+0001a760: 2c20 2265 6173 7422 0a20 2020 2020 2020 , \"east\". \n 0001a770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2864 6566 6175 (defau\n-0001a790: 6c74 292e 2020 2277 6573 7422 202d 2074 lt). \"west\" - t\n-0001a7a0: 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 0a20 2020 he scrollbar. \n+0001a780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2864 6566 (def\n+0001a790: 6175 6c74 292e 2020 2277 6573 7422 202d ault). \"west\" -\n+0001a7a0: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 0a20 the scrollbar. \n 0001a7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a7d0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 696e will be drawn in\n-0001a7e0: 2074 6865 2077 6573 7420 736c 6963 650a the west slice.\n-0001a7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a7d0: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 will be drawn \n+0001a7e0: 696e 2074 6865 2077 6573 7420 736c 6963 in the west slic\n+0001a7f0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n 0001a800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a810: 2020 2028 7269 6768 742d 616c 6967 6e65 (right-aligne\n-0001a820: 6429 2e20 2022 6561 7374 2220 2d20 7468 d). \"east\" - th\n-0001a830: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+0001a810: 2020 2020 2028 7269 6768 742d 616c 6967 (right-alig\n+0001a820: 6e65 6429 2e20 2022 6561 7374 2220 2d20 ned). \"east\" - \n+0001a830: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a850: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 scrollbar w\n-0001a860: 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 ill be drawn in \n-0001a870: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+0001a850: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 scrollbar\n+0001a860: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 will be drawn i\n+0001a870: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n the. \n 0001a880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a890: 2020 2020 2020 2065 6173 7420 736c 6963 east slic\n-0001a8a0: 6520 286c 6566 742d 616c 6967 6e65 6429 e (left-aligned)\n-0001a8b0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n+0001a890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6173 7420 736c east sl\n+0001a8a0: 6963 6520 286c 6566 742d 616c 6967 6e65 ice (left-aligne\n+0001a8b0: 6429 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d).. \n 0001a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a8d0: 2020 2020 2022 6365 6e74 6572 2220 2d20 \"center\" - \n-0001a8e0: 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 the scrollbar wi\n-0001a8f0: 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ll be. \n+0001a8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2022 6365 6e74 6572 2220 \"center\" \n+0001a8e0: 2d20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 - the scrollbar \n+0001a8f0: 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 will be. \n 0001a900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7261 776e 2069 drawn i\n-0001a920: 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 n the center sli\n-0001a930: 6365 2e20 204e 6f74 653a 0a20 2020 2020 ce. Note:. \n+0001a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7261 776e drawn\n+0001a920: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 in the center s\n+0001a930: 6c69 6365 2e20 204e 6f74 653a 0a20 2020 lice. Note:. \n 0001a940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e in\n-0001a960: 2063 6173 6520 6f66 2022 6365 6e74 6572 case of \"center\n-0001a970: 2220 736c 6963 653a 2061 2920 4966 0a20 \" slice: a) If. \n-0001a980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a960: 696e 2063 6173 6520 6f66 2022 6365 6e74 in case of \"cent\n+0001a970: 6572 2220 736c 6963 653a 2061 2920 4966 er\" slice: a) If\n+0001a980: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a9a0: 2020 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 the scrollbar \n-0001a9b0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 should be drawn \n-0001a9c0: 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 then. \n+0001a9a0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 the scrollba\n+0001a9b0: 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6472 6177 r should be draw\n+0001a9c0: 6e20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 n then. \n 0001a9d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206d 656e boot men\n-0001a9f0: 7520 656e 7472 7927 7320 7769 6474 6820 u entry's width \n-0001aa00: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 is. \n+0001a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206d boot m\n+0001a9f0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7927 7320 7769 6474 enu entry's widt\n+0001aa00: 6820 6973 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h is. \n 0001aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa20: 2020 2020 2020 6465 6372 6561 7365 6420 decreased \n-0001aa30: 6279 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 by the scrollbar\n-0001aa40: 2773 2077 6964 7468 0a20 2020 2020 2020 's width. \n+0001aa20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6372 6561 7365 decrease\n+0001aa30: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 d by the scrollb\n+0001aa40: 6172 2773 2077 6964 7468 0a20 2020 2020 ar's width. \n 0001aa50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 and \n-0001aa70: 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 6973 the scrollbar is\n-0001aa80: 2064 7261 776e 2061 7420 7468 650a 2020 drawn at the. \n+0001aa60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e an\n+0001aa70: 6420 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 d the scrollbar \n+0001aa80: 6973 2064 7261 776e 2061 7420 7468 650a is drawn at the.\n 0001aa90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aab0: 2072 6967 6874 2073 6964 6520 6f66 2074 right side of t\n-0001aac0: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e he center slice.\n-0001aad0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001aab0: 2020 2072 6967 6874 2073 6964 6520 6f66 right side of\n+0001aac0: 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 the center slic\n+0001aad0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e.. \n 0001aae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aaf0: 2020 2020 6229 2049 6620 7468 6520 7363 b) If the sc\n-0001ab00: 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 776f 6e27 7420 6265 rollbar won't be\n-0001ab10: 2064 7261 776e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 drawn. \n+0001aaf0: 2020 2020 2020 6229 2049 6620 7468 6520 b) If the \n+0001ab00: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 776f 6e27 7420 scrollbar won't \n+0001ab10: 6265 2064 7261 776e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 be drawn. \n 0001ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 656e 2074 then t\n-0001ab40: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 he boot menu ent\n-0001ab50: 7279 2773 2077 6964 7468 0a20 2020 2020 ry's width. \n+0001ab30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 656e then\n+0001ab40: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 the boot menu e\n+0001ab50: 6e74 7279 2773 2077 6964 7468 0a20 2020 ntry's width. \n 0001ab60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6973 is\n-0001ab80: 2074 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 7468 the width of th\n-0001ab90: 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2e0a e center slice..\n-0001aba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ab70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ab80: 6973 2074 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 is the width of \n+0001ab90: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 the center slice\n+0001aba0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n 0001abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001abc0: 2020 2063 2920 5765 2064 6f6e 2774 206e c) We don't n\n-0001abd0: 6563 6573 7361 7279 206e 6565 6420 7468 ecessary need th\n-0001abe0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+0001abc0: 2020 2020 2063 2920 5765 2064 6f6e 2774 c) We don't\n+0001abd0: 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 206e 6565 6420 necessary need \n+0001abe0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ac00: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 7069 786d 6170 menu pixmap\n-0001ac10: 2062 6f78 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 box to display \n-0001ac20: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+0001ac00: 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 7069 786d menu pixm\n+0001ac10: 6170 2062 6f78 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 ap box to displa\n+0001ac20: 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y the. \n 0001ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 scrollbar\n-0001ac50: 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 .. scrollbar\n-0001ac60: 5f6c 6566 745f 7061 6420 2020 2020 2020 _left_pad \n-0001ac70: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6566 7420 7363 The left sc\n-0001ac80: 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e 6720 rollbar padding \n-0001ac90: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n+0001ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 scrollb\n+0001ac50: 6172 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 ar.. scrollb\n+0001ac60: 6172 5f6c 6566 745f 7061 6420 2020 2020 ar_left_pad \n+0001ac70: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6566 7420 The left \n+0001ac80: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e scrollbar paddin\n+0001ac90: 6720 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g in. \n 0001aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001acb0: 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e20 2055 pixels. U\n-0001acc0: 6e75 7365 6420 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 nused if. \n+0001acb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e20 pixels. \n+0001acc0: 2055 6e75 7365 6420 6966 0a20 2020 2020 Unused if. \n 0001acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ace0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2273 6372 \"scr\n-0001acf0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 2220 6973 ollbar_slice\" is\n-0001ad00: 2022 7765 7374 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 \"west\".. sc\n-0001ad10: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7269 6768 745f 7061 rollbar_right_pa\n-0001ad20: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 d The \n-0001ad30: 7269 6768 7420 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 right scrollbar \n-0001ad40: 7061 6464 696e 6720 696e 0a20 2020 2020 padding in. \n+0001ace0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2273 \"s\n+0001acf0: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 2220 crollbar_slice\" \n+0001ad00: 6973 2022 7765 7374 222e 0a20 2020 2020 is \"west\".. \n+0001ad10: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7269 6768 745f scrollbar_right_\n+0001ad20: 7061 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 pad Th\n+0001ad30: 6520 7269 6768 7420 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 e right scrollba\n+0001ad40: 7220 7061 6464 696e 6720 696e 0a20 2020 r padding in. \n 0001ad50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7069 pi\n-0001ad70: 7865 6c73 2e20 2055 6e75 7365 6420 6966 xels. Unused if\n-0001ad80: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ad70: 7069 7865 6c73 2e20 2055 6e75 7365 6420 pixels. Unused \n+0001ad80: 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 if. \n 0001ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ada0: 2020 2020 2273 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 \"scrollbar_s\n-0001adb0: 6c69 6365 2220 6973 2022 6561 7374 222e lice\" is \"east\".\n-0001adc0: 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f . scrollbar_\n-0001add0: 746f 705f 7061 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 top_pad \n-0001ade0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 746f 7020 7363 726f The top scro\n-0001adf0: 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e 6720 696e llbar padding in\n-0001ae00: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001ada0: 2020 2020 2020 2273 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 \"scrollbar\n+0001adb0: 5f73 6c69 6365 2220 6973 2022 6561 7374 _slice\" is \"east\n+0001adc0: 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 \".. scrollba\n+0001add0: 725f 746f 705f 7061 6420 2020 2020 2020 r_top_pad \n+0001ade0: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 746f 7020 7363 The top sc\n+0001adf0: 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e 6720 rollbar padding \n+0001ae00: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n 0001ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae20: 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a 2020 2020 pixels.. \n-0001ae30: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f62 6f74 746f scrollbar_botto\n-0001ae40: 6d5f 7061 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 m_pad T\n-0001ae50: 6865 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 7363 726f 6c6c he bottom scroll\n-0001ae60: 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e 6720 696e 0a20 bar padding in. \n-0001ae70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ae20: 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a 2020 pixels.. \n+0001ae30: 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f62 6f74 scrollbar_bot\n+0001ae40: 746f 6d5f 7061 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 tom_pad \n+0001ae50: 2054 6865 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 7363 726f The bottom scro\n+0001ae60: 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e 6720 696e llbar padding in\n+0001ae70: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae90: 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a 2020 2020 2076 pixels.. v\n-0001aea0: 6973 6962 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 isible \n-0001aeb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 Set\n-0001aec0: 2074 6f20 2266 616c 7365 2220 746f 2068 to \"false\" to h\n-0001aed0: 6964 6520 7468 6520 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 ide the boot. \n+0001ae90: 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a 2020 2020 pixels.. \n+0001aea0: 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 visible \n+0001aeb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 S\n+0001aec0: 6574 2074 6f20 2266 616c 7365 2220 746f et to \"false\" to\n+0001aed0: 2068 6964 6520 7468 6520 626f 6f74 0a20 hide the boot. \n 0001aee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001af00: 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6361 menu... ... ca\n-0001af10: 6e76 6173 2043 616e 7661 7320 6973 2061 nvas Canvas is a\n-0001af20: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2074 6861 7420 container that \n-0001af30: 616c 6c6f 7773 206d 616e 7561 6c20 706c allows manual pl\n-0001af40: 6163 656d 656e 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 acement of. \n-0001af50: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2077 6974 6869 components withi\n-0001af60: 6e20 6974 2e20 2049 7420 646f 6573 206e n it. It does n\n-0001af70: 6f74 2061 6c74 6572 2074 6865 2070 6f73 ot alter the pos\n-0001af80: 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6620 6974 7320 6368 itions of its ch\n-0001af90: 696c 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 ild. compone\n-0001afa0: 6e74 732e 2020 4974 2061 7373 6967 6e73 nts. It assigns\n-0001afb0: 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 2063 6f6d 706f all child compo\n-0001afc0: 6e65 6e74 7320 7468 6569 7220 7072 6566 nents their pref\n-0001afd0: 6572 7265 6420 7369 7a65 732e 0a0a 2020 erred sizes... \n-0001afe0: 20e2 80a2 2068 626f 7820 5468 6520 2a68 ... hbox The *h\n-0001aff0: 626f 782a 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 206c box* container l\n-0001b000: 6179 7320 6f75 7420 6974 7320 6368 696c ays out its chil\n-0001b010: 6472 656e 2066 726f 6d20 6c65 6674 2074 dren from left t\n-0001b020: 6f20 7269 6768 742c 0a20 2020 2020 6769 o right,. gi\n-0001b030: 7669 6e67 2065 6163 6820 6f6e 6520 6974 ving each one it\n-0001b040: 7320 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 7769 6474 s preferred widt\n-0001b050: 682e 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f h. The height o\n-0001b060: 6620 6561 6368 2063 6869 6c64 2069 730a f each child is.\n-0001b070: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 set to the \n-0001b080: 6d61 7869 6d75 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 maximum of the p\n-0001b090: 7265 6665 7272 6564 2068 6569 6768 7473 referred heights\n-0001b0a0: 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6368 696c 6472 656e of all children\n-0001b0b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7662 6f78 2054 ... ... vbox T\n-0001b0c0: 6865 202a 7662 6f78 2a20 636f 6e74 6169 he *vbox* contai\n-0001b0d0: 6e65 7220 6c61 7973 206f 7574 2069 7473 ner lays out its\n-0001b0e0: 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e20 6672 6f6d 2074 children from t\n-0001b0f0: 6f70 2074 6f20 626f 7474 6f6d 2c0a 2020 op to bottom,. \n-0001b100: 2020 2067 6976 696e 6720 6561 6368 206f giving each o\n-0001b110: 6e65 2069 7473 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 ne its preferred\n-0001b120: 2068 6569 6768 742e 2020 5468 6520 7769 height. The wi\n-0001b130: 6474 6820 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6368 696c dth of each chil\n-0001b140: 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 746f d is. set to\n-0001b150: 2074 6865 206d 6178 696d 756d 206f 6620 the maximum of \n-0001b160: 7468 6520 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 7769 the preferred wi\n-0001b170: 6474 6873 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6368 696c dths of all chil\n-0001b180: 6472 656e 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e36 2043 6f6d dren...7.3.6 Com\n-0001b190: 6d6f 6e20 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 0a2d mon properties.-\n-0001b1a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0001b1b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c ------..The foll\n-0001b1c0: 6f77 696e 6720 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 owing properties\n-0001b1d0: 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 are supported b\n-0001b1e0: 7920 616c 6c20 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 y all components\n-0001b1f0: 3a0a e280 986c 6566 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 :....left.... \n-0001b200: 2020 5468 6520 6469 7374 616e 6365 2066 The distance f\n-0001b210: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 rom the left bor\n-0001b220: 6465 7220 6f66 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 der of container\n-0001b230: 2074 6f20 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 to left border \n-0001b240: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6f62 6a65 of. the obje\n-0001b250: 6374 2069 6e20 6569 7468 6572 206f 6620 ct in either of \n-0001b260: 7468 7265 6520 666f 726d 6174 733a 0a20 three formats:. \n-0001b270: 2020 2020 7820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x \n-0001b280: 2020 2056 616c 7565 2069 6e20 7069 7865 Value in pixe\n-0001b290: 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 7025 2020 2020 2020 ls. p% \n-0001b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 6365 6e74 6167 Percentag\n-0001b2b0: 650a 2020 2020 2070 252b 7820 2020 2020 e. p%+x \n-0001b2c0: 2020 2020 2020 6d69 7874 7572 6520 6f66 mixture of\n-0001b2d0: 2062 6f74 680a e280 9874 6f70 e280 990a both....top....\n-0001b2e0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6973 7461 6e63 The distanc\n-0001b2f0: 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206c 6566 7420 e from the left \n-0001b300: 626f 7264 6572 206f 6620 636f 6e74 6169 border of contai\n-0001b310: 6e65 7220 746f 206c 6566 7420 626f 7264 ner to left bord\n-0001b320: 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206f er of. the o\n-0001b330: 626a 6563 7420 696e 2073 616d 6520 666f bject in same fo\n-0001b340: 726d 6174 2e0a e280 9877 6964 7468 e280 rmat.....width..\n-0001b350: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 .. The width\n-0001b360: 206f 6620 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 7361 of object in sa\n-0001b370: 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 6865 me format.....he\n-0001b380: 6967 6874 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ight.... The\n-0001b390: 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 206f 626a 6563 height of objec\n-0001b3a0: 7420 696e 2073 616d 6520 666f 726d 6174 t in same format\n-0001b3b0: 2e0a e280 9869 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .....id.... \n-0001b3c0: 5468 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 2066 The identifier f\n-0001b3d0: 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 or the component\n-0001b3e0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2061 . This can be a\n-0001b3f0: 6e79 2061 7262 6974 7261 7279 0a20 2020 ny arbitrary. \n-0001b400: 2020 7374 7269 6e67 2e20 2054 6865 2049 string. The I\n-0001b410: 4420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 6279 D can be used by\n-0001b420: 2073 6372 6970 7473 2074 6f20 7265 6665 scripts to refe\n-0001b430: 7220 746f 2076 6172 696f 7573 0a20 2020 r to various. \n-0001b440: 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2069 6e20 components in \n-0001b450: 7468 6520 4755 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e the GUI componen\n-0001b460: 7420 7472 6565 2e20 2043 7572 7265 6e74 t tree. Current\n-0001b470: 6c79 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6973 206f 6e65 ly, there is one\n-0001b480: 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6961 6c20 4944 . special ID\n-0001b490: 2076 616c 7565 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 value that GRUB\n-0001b4a0: 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 733a 0a0a 2020 recognizes:.. \n-0001b4b0: 2020 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 \"__timeout__\"\n-0001b4c0: 2020 436f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 7468 Component with\n-0001b4d0: 2074 6869 7320 4944 2077 696c 6c20 6265 this ID will be\n-0001b4e0: 2075 7064 6174 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 updated by GRUB\n-0001b4f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0001b500: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 696e and will in\n-0001b510: 6469 6361 7465 2074 696d 6520 656c 6170 dicate time elap\n-0001b520: 7365 6420 746f 2061 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 sed to an automa\n-0001b530: 7469 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tical. \n-0001b540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206f boot o\n-0001b550: 6620 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e f the default en\n-0001b560: 7472 792e 2020 4166 6665 6374 6564 2063 try. Affected c\n-0001b570: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 733a 0a20 2020 2020 omponents:. \n-0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-0001b590: 6c61 6265 6c22 2c20 2263 6972 6375 6c61 label\", \"circula\n-0001b5a0: 725f 7072 6f67 7265 7373 222c 2022 7072 r_progress\", \"pr\n-0001b5b0: 6f67 7265 7373 5f62 6172 222e 0a0a 1f0a ogress_bar\".....\n-0001b5c0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0001b5d0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b2c Node: Network,\n-0001b5e0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 Next: Serial t\n-0001b5f0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 erminal, Prev: \n-0001b600: 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 Theme file forma\n-0001b610: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a38 2042 t, Up: Top..8 B\n-0001b620: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6672 6f6d ooting GRUB from\n-0001b630: 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a2a 2a2a the network.***\n+0001af00: 2020 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 menu... ... \n+0001af10: 6361 6e76 6173 2043 616e 7661 7320 6973 canvas Canvas is\n+0001af20: 2061 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2074 6861 a container tha\n+0001af30: 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 206d 616e 7561 6c20 t allows manual \n+0001af40: 706c 6163 656d 656e 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 placement of. \n+0001af50: 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2077 6974 components wit\n+0001af60: 6869 6e20 6974 2e20 2049 7420 646f 6573 hin it. It does\n+0001af70: 206e 6f74 2061 6c74 6572 2074 6865 2070 not alter the p\n+0001af80: 6f73 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6620 6974 7320 ositions of its \n+0001af90: 6368 696c 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f child. compo\n+0001afa0: 6e65 6e74 732e 2020 4974 2061 7373 6967 nents. It assig\n+0001afb0: 6e73 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 2063 6f6d ns all child com\n+0001afc0: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7468 6569 7220 7072 ponents their pr\n+0001afd0: 6566 6572 7265 6420 7369 7a65 732e 0a0a eferred sizes...\n+0001afe0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2068 626f 7820 5468 6520 ... hbox The \n+0001aff0: 2a68 626f 782a 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 *hbox* container\n+0001b000: 206c 6179 7320 6f75 7420 6974 7320 6368 lays out its ch\n+0001b010: 696c 6472 656e 2066 726f 6d20 6c65 6674 ildren from left\n+0001b020: 2074 6f20 7269 6768 742c 0a20 2020 2020 to right,. \n+0001b030: 6769 7669 6e67 2065 6163 6820 6f6e 6520 giving each one \n+0001b040: 6974 7320 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 7769 its preferred wi\n+0001b050: 6474 682e 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 dth. The height\n+0001b060: 206f 6620 6561 6368 2063 6869 6c64 2069 of each child i\n+0001b070: 730a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 s. set to th\n+0001b080: 6520 6d61 7869 6d75 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 e maximum of the\n+0001b090: 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2068 6569 6768 preferred heigh\n+0001b0a0: 7473 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6368 696c 6472 ts of all childr\n+0001b0b0: 656e 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7662 6f78 en... ... vbox\n+0001b0c0: 2054 6865 202a 7662 6f78 2a20 636f 6e74 The *vbox* cont\n+0001b0d0: 6169 6e65 7220 6c61 7973 206f 7574 2069 ainer lays out i\n+0001b0e0: 7473 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e20 6672 6f6d ts children from\n+0001b0f0: 2074 6f70 2074 6f20 626f 7474 6f6d 2c0a top to bottom,.\n+0001b100: 2020 2020 2067 6976 696e 6720 6561 6368 giving each\n+0001b110: 206f 6e65 2069 7473 2070 7265 6665 7272 one its preferr\n+0001b120: 6564 2068 6569 6768 742e 2020 5468 6520 ed height. The \n+0001b130: 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6368 width of each ch\n+0001b140: 696c 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 ild is. set \n+0001b150: 746f 2074 6865 206d 6178 696d 756d 206f to the maximum o\n+0001b160: 6620 7468 6520 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 f the preferred \n+0001b170: 7769 6474 6873 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6368 widths of all ch\n+0001b180: 696c 6472 656e 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e36 2043 ildren...7.3.6 C\n+0001b190: 6f6d 6d6f 6e20 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 ommon properties\n+0001b1a0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0001b1b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f --------..The fo\n+0001b1c0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7072 6f70 6572 7469 llowing properti\n+0001b1d0: 6573 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 es are supported\n+0001b1e0: 2062 7920 616c 6c20 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e by all componen\n+0001b1f0: 7473 3a0a e280 986c 6566 74e2 8099 0a20 ts:....left.... \n+0001b200: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6469 7374 616e 6365 The distance\n+0001b210: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6c65 6674 2062 from the left b\n+0001b220: 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2063 6f6e 7461 696e order of contain\n+0001b230: 6572 2074 6f20 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 er to left borde\n+0001b240: 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6f62 r of. the ob\n+0001b250: 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 6569 7468 6572 206f ject in either o\n+0001b260: 6620 7468 7265 6520 666f 726d 6174 733a f three formats:\n+0001b270: 0a20 2020 2020 7820 2020 2020 2020 2020 . x \n+0001b280: 2020 2020 2056 616c 7565 2069 6e20 7069 Value in pi\n+0001b290: 7865 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 7025 2020 2020 xels. p% \n+0001b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 6365 6e74 Percent\n+0001b2b0: 6167 650a 2020 2020 2070 252b 7820 2020 age. p%+x \n+0001b2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d69 7874 7572 6520 mixture \n+0001b2d0: 6f66 2062 6f74 680a e280 9874 6f70 e280 of both....top..\n+0001b2e0: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6973 7461 .. The dista\n+0001b2f0: 6e63 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206c 6566 nce from the lef\n+0001b300: 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f 6620 636f 6e74 t border of cont\n+0001b310: 6169 6e65 7220 746f 206c 6566 7420 626f ainer to left bo\n+0001b320: 7264 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 rder of. the\n+0001b330: 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e 2073 616d 6520 object in same \n+0001b340: 666f 726d 6174 2e0a e280 9877 6964 7468 format.....width\n+0001b350: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2077 6964 .... The wid\n+0001b360: 7468 206f 6620 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 th of object in \n+0001b370: 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 same format.....\n+0001b380: 6865 6967 6874 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 height.... T\n+0001b390: 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 206f 626a he height of obj\n+0001b3a0: 6563 7420 696e 2073 616d 6520 666f 726d ect in same form\n+0001b3b0: 6174 2e0a e280 9869 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 at.....id.... \n+0001b3c0: 2020 5468 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 The identifier\n+0001b3d0: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 for the compone\n+0001b3e0: 6e74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6361 6e20 6265 nt. This can be\n+0001b3f0: 2061 6e79 2061 7262 6974 7261 7279 0a20 any arbitrary. \n+0001b400: 2020 2020 7374 7269 6e67 2e20 2054 6865 string. The\n+0001b410: 2049 4420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ID can be used \n+0001b420: 6279 2073 6372 6970 7473 2074 6f20 7265 by scripts to re\n+0001b430: 6665 7220 746f 2076 6172 696f 7573 0a20 fer to various. \n+0001b440: 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2069 components i\n+0001b450: 6e20 7468 6520 4755 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e n the GUI compon\n+0001b460: 656e 7420 7472 6565 2e20 2043 7572 7265 ent tree. Curre\n+0001b470: 6e74 6c79 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6973 206f ntly, there is o\n+0001b480: 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6961 6c20 ne. special \n+0001b490: 4944 2076 616c 7565 2074 6861 7420 4752 ID value that GR\n+0001b4a0: 5542 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 733a 0a0a UB recognizes:..\n+0001b4b0: 2020 2020 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f \"__timeout_\n+0001b4c0: 5f22 2020 436f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 _\" Component wi\n+0001b4d0: 7468 2074 6869 7320 4944 2077 696c 6c20 th this ID will \n+0001b4e0: 6265 2075 7064 6174 6564 2062 7920 4752 be updated by GR\n+0001b4f0: 5542 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 UB. \n+0001b500: 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 and will \n+0001b510: 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 696d 6520 656c indicate time el\n+0001b520: 6170 7365 6420 746f 2061 6e20 6175 746f apsed to an auto\n+0001b530: 6d61 7469 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 matical. \n+0001b540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 6f74 boot\n+0001b550: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 of the default \n+0001b560: 656e 7472 792e 2020 4166 6665 6374 6564 entry. Affected\n+0001b570: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 733a 0a20 2020 components:. \n+0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001b590: 2022 6c61 6265 6c22 2c20 2263 6972 6375 \"label\", \"circu\n+0001b5a0: 6c61 725f 7072 6f67 7265 7373 222c 2022 lar_progress\", \"\n+0001b5b0: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f62 6172 222e 0a0a progress_bar\"...\n+0001b5c0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0001b5d0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 o, Node: Networ\n+0001b5e0: 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5365 7269 616c k, Next: Serial\n+0001b5f0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 terminal, Prev\n+0001b600: 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 : Theme file for\n+0001b610: 6d61 742c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a38 mat, Up: Top..8\n+0001b620: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6672 Booting GRUB fr\n+0001b630: 6f6d 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a2a om the network.*\n 0001b640: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001b650: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 ************..Th\n-0001b660: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 696e 7374 e following inst\n-0001b670: 7275 6374 696f 6e73 2064 6f6e 2774 2077 ructions don't w\n-0001b680: 6f72 6b20 666f 7220 2a2d 656d 752c 2069 ork for *-emu, i\n-0001b690: 3338 362d 7165 6d75 2c0a 6933 3836 2d63 386-qemu,.i386-c\n-0001b6a0: 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 362d 6d75 oreboot, i386-mu\n-0001b6b0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 206d 6970 735f 6c6f ltiboot, mips_lo\n-0001b6c0: 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2c20 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 ongson, mips-arc\n-0001b6d0: 2061 6e64 0a6d 6970 735f 7165 6d75 5f6d and.mips_qemu_m\n-0001b6e0: 6970 730a 0a20 2020 546f 2067 656e 6572 ips.. To gener\n-0001b6f0: 6174 6520 6120 6e65 7462 6f6f 7461 626c ate a netbootabl\n-0001b700: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2072 756e e directory, run\n-0001b710: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e :.. grub-mkn\n-0001b720: 6574 6469 7220 2d2d 6e65 742d 6469 7265 etdir --net-dire\n-0001b730: 6374 6f72 793d 2f73 7276 2f74 6674 7020 ctory=/srv/tftp \n-0001b740: 2d2d 7375 6264 6972 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f67 --subdir=/boot/g\n-0001b750: 7275 6220 2d64 202f 7573 722f 6c69 622f rub -d /usr/lib/\n-0001b760: 6772 7562 2f3c 706c 6174 666f 726d 3e0a grub/.\n-0001b770: 0a20 2020 452e 672e 2020 666f 7220 6933 . E.g. for i3\n-0001b780: 3836 2d70 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 86-pc:.. gru\n-0001b790: 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 202d 2d6e 6574 b-mknetdir --net\n-0001b7a0: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 7372 762f -directory=/srv/\n-0001b7b0: 7466 7470 202d 2d73 7562 6469 723d 2f62 tftp --subdir=/b\n-0001b7c0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 202d 6420 2f75 7372 oot/grub -d /usr\n-0001b7d0: 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 6933 3836 2d70 /lib/grub/i386-p\n-0001b7e0: 630a 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2066 6f6c 6c6f c.. Then follo\n-0001b7f0: 7720 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e73 2070 w instructions p\n-0001b800: 7269 6e74 6564 206f 7574 2062 7920 6772 rinted out by gr\n-0001b810: 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 6f6e 2063 ub-mknetdir on c\n-0001b820: 6f6e 6669 6775 7269 6e67 0a79 6f75 7220 onfiguring.your \n-0001b830: 4448 4350 2073 6572 7665 722e 0a0a 2020 DHCP server... \n-0001b840: 2054 6865 2067 7275 622e 6366 6720 6669 The grub.cfg fi\n-0001b850: 6c65 2069 7320 706c 6163 6564 2069 6e20 le is placed in \n-0001b860: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2064 6972 6563 746f the same directo\n-0001b870: 7279 2061 7320 7468 6520 7061 7468 206f ry as the path o\n-0001b880: 7574 7075 740a 6279 2067 7275 622d 6d6b utput.by grub-mk\n-0001b890: 6e65 7464 6972 2068 6572 6561 6674 6572 netdir hereafter\n-0001b8a0: 2072 6566 6572 7265 6420 746f 2061 7320 referred to as \n-0001b8b0: 4657 5041 5448 2e20 4752 5542 2077 696c FWPATH. GRUB wil\n-0001b8c0: 6c20 7365 6172 6368 2066 6f72 0a69 7473 l search for.its\n-0001b8d0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-0001b8e0: 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 7573 iles in order us\n-0001b8f0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e ing the followin\n-0001b900: 6720 7275 6c65 7320 7768 6572 6520 7468 g rules where th\n-0001b910: 650a 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2076 616c 7565 e.appended value\n-0001b920: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 corresponds to \n-0001b930: 6120 7661 6c75 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 a value on the c\n-0001b940: 6c69 656e 7420 6d61 6368 696e 652e 0a0a lient machine...\n-0001b950: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n-0001b960: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 .../grub.cfg-...\n-0001b970: 2855 5549 4420 4f46 204d 4143 4849 4e45 (UUID OF MACHINE\n-0001b980: 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 ).... ...(FW\n-0001b990: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n-0001b9a0: 672d e280 9828 4d41 4320 4144 4452 4553 g-...(MAC ADDRES\n-0001b9b0: 5320 4f46 204e 4943 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 S OF NIC).... \n-0001b9c0: 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 ...(FWPATH)...\n-0001b9d0: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d e280 9828 4950 /grub.cfg-...(IP\n-0001b9e0: 7634 204f 5220 4950 7636 2041 4444 5245 v4 OR IPv6 ADDRE\n-0001b9f0: 5353 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 SS).... ...(\n-0001ba00: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n-0001ba10: 6366 670a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 5555 4944 cfg.. The UUID\n-0001ba20: 2069 7320 7468 6520 436c 6965 6e74 204d is the Client M\n-0001ba30: 6163 6869 6e65 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6965 achine Identifie\n-0001ba40: 7220 4f70 7469 6f6e 2044 6566 696e 6974 r Option Definit\n-0001ba50: 696f 6e20 6173 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 ion as.specified\n-0001ba60: 2069 6e20 5246 4320 3435 3738 2e20 2054 in RFC 4578. T\n-0001ba70: 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7769 6c6c 206f he client will o\n-0001ba80: 6e6c 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c nly attempt to l\n-0001ba90: 6f6f 756b 2075 7020 6120 5555 4944 0a63 oouk up a UUID.c\n-0001baa0: 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 2069 6620 6974 onfig file if it\n-0001bab0: 2077 6173 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 was provided by\n-0001bac0: 2074 6865 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 the DHCP server\n-0001bad0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 ... The client\n-0001bae0: 2077 696c 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2061 7474 656d will only attem\n-0001baf0: 7074 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f6b 2075 7020 616e pt to look up an\n-0001bb00: 2049 5076 3620 6164 6472 6573 7320 636f IPv6 address co\n-0001bb10: 6e66 6967 206f 6e63 652c 0a68 6f77 6576 nfig once,.howev\n-0001bb20: 6572 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 er, it will try \n-0001bb30: 7468 6520 4950 7634 206d 756c 7469 706c the IPv4 multipl\n-0001bb40: 6520 7469 6d65 732e 2020 5468 6520 636f e times. The co\n-0001bb50: 6e63 7265 7465 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 0a62 ncrete example.b\n-0001bb60: 656c 6f77 2073 686f 7773 2077 6861 7420 elow shows what \n-0001bb70: 776f 756c 6420 6861 7070 656e 2075 6e64 would happen und\n-0001bb80: 6572 2074 6865 2049 5076 3420 6361 7365 er the IPv4 case\n-0001bb90: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5555 4944 3a20 3737 ... UUID: 77\n-0001bba0: 3236 6136 3738 2d37 6663 302d 3438 3533 26a678-7fc0-4853\n-0001bbb0: 2d61 3466 362d 6338 3561 6333 3661 3132 -a4f6-c85ac36a12\n-0001bbc0: 3061 0a20 2020 2020 4d41 433a 2020 3532 0a. MAC: 52\n-0001bbd0: 3a35 343a 3030 3a65 633a 3333 3a38 310a :54:00:ec:33:81.\n-0001bbe0: 2020 2020 2049 5056 343a 2031 302e 302e IPV4: 10.0.\n-0001bbf0: 302e 3133 3020 2830 4130 3030 3038 3229 0.130 (0A000082)\n-0001bc00: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 .. ...(FWPAT\n-0001bc10: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d37 H).../grub.cfg-7\n-0001bc20: 3732 3661 3637 382d 3766 6330 2d34 3835 726a678-7fc0-485\n-0001bc30: 332d 6134 6636 2d63 3835 6163 3336 6131 3-a4f6-c85ac36a1\n-0001bc40: 3230 610a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 20a. ...(FWP\n-0001bc50: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n-0001bc60: 2d35 322d 3534 2d30 302d 6563 2d33 332d -52-54-00-ec-33-\n-0001bc70: 3831 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 81. ...(FWPA\n-0001bc80: 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d TH).../grub.cfg-\n-0001bc90: 3041 3030 3030 3832 0a20 2020 2020 e280 0A000082. ..\n-0001bca0: 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 .(FWPATH).../gru\n-0001bcb0: 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 3030 380a 2020 b.cfg-0A00008. \n-0001bcc0: 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 ...(FWPATH)..\n-0001bcd0: 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 ./grub.cfg-0A000\n-0001bce0: 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 0. ...(FWPAT\n-0001bcf0: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 H).../grub.cfg-0\n-0001bd00: 4130 3030 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 A000. ...(FW\n-0001bd10: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n-0001bd20: 672d 3041 3030 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 g-0A00. ...(\n-0001bd30: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n-0001bd40: 6366 672d 3041 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 cfg-0A0. ...\n-0001bd50: 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 (FWPATH).../grub\n-0001bd60: 2e63 6667 2d30 410a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 .cfg-0A. ...\n-0001bd70: 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 (FWPATH).../grub\n-0001bd80: 2e63 6667 2d30 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 .cfg-0. ...(\n-0001bd90: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n-0001bda0: 6366 670a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2066 6561 cfg.. This fea\n-0001bdb0: 7475 7265 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 6420 ture is enabled \n-0001bdc0: 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2062 7574 2069 by default but i\n-0001bdd0: 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6973 6162 6c65 t can be disable\n-0001bde0: 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 d by setting.the\n-0001bdf0: 20e2 8098 6665 6174 7572 655f 6e65 745f ...feature_net_\n-0001be00: 7365 6172 6368 5f63 6667 e280 9920 746f search_cfg... to\n-0001be10: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2e20 2053 696e 6365 ...n.... Since\n-0001be20: 2074 6869 7320 6861 7070 656e 7320 6265 this happens be\n-0001be30: 666f 7265 2074 6865 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 fore the.configu\n-0001be40: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6973 2072 ration file is r\n-0001be50: 6561 6420 6279 2047 5255 422c 2074 6869 ead by GRUB, thi\n-0001be60: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 2074 6f20 s option has to \n-0001be70: 6265 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 696e 2061 be disabled in a\n-0001be80: 6e0a 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 n.embedded confi\n-0001be90: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 282a guration file (*\n-0001bea0: 6e6f 7465 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f note Embedded co\n-0001beb0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a nfiguration::)..\n-0001bec0: 0a20 2020 4166 7465 7220 4752 5542 2068 . After GRUB h\n-0001bed0: 6173 2073 7461 7274 6564 2c20 6669 6c65 as started, file\n-0001bee0: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2054 4654 5020 7365 s on the TFTP se\n-0001bef0: 7276 6572 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6363 rver will be acc\n-0001bf00: 6573 7369 626c 650a 7669 6120 7468 6520 essible.via the \n-0001bf10: e280 9828 7466 7470 29e2 8099 2064 6576 ...(tftp)... dev\n-0001bf20: 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2073 6572 ice... The ser\n-0001bf30: 7665 7220 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 2063 ver IP address c\n-0001bf40: 616e 2062 6520 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 an be controlled\n-0001bf50: 2062 7920 6368 616e 6769 6e67 2074 6865 by changing the\n-0001bf60: 20e2 8098 2874 6674 7029 e280 990a 6465 ...(tftp)....de\n-0001bf70: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 746f 20e2 8098 vice name to ...\n-0001bf80: 2874 6674 702c 5345 5256 4552 2d49 5029 (tftp,SERVER-IP)\n-0001bf90: e280 992e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 .... Note that \n-0001bfa0: 7468 6973 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2063 this should be c\n-0001bfb0: 6861 6e67 6564 0a62 6f74 6820 696e 2074 hanged.both in t\n-0001bfc0: 6865 2070 7265 6669 7820 616e 6420 696e he prefix and in\n-0001bfd0: 2061 6e79 2072 6566 6572 656e 6365 7320 any references \n-0001bfe0: 746f 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 to the device na\n-0001bff0: 6d65 2069 6e20 7468 650a 636f 6e66 6967 me in the.config\n-0001c000: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 uration file... \n-0001c010: 2020 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 GRUB provides \n-0001c020: 7365 7665 7261 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d several environm\n-0001c030: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7768 ent variables wh\n-0001c040: 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 ich may be used \n-0001c050: 746f 0a69 6e73 7065 6374 206f 7220 6368 to.inspect or ch\n-0001c060: 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6568 6176 696f ange the behavio\n-0001c070: 7572 206f 6620 7468 6520 5058 4520 6465 ur of the PXE de\n-0001c080: 7669 6365 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 666f vice. In the fo\n-0001c090: 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 6465 7363 7269 7074 llowing.descript\n-0001c0a0: 696f 6e20 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e20 ion \n-0001c0b0: 6973 2070 6c61 6365 686f 6c64 6572 2066 is placeholder f\n-0001c0c0: 6f72 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 206e or the name of n\n-0001c0d0: 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 etwork interface\n-0001c0e0: 0a28 706c 6174 666f 726d 2064 6570 656e .(platform depen\n-0001c0f0: 6465 6e74 293a 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c dent):.....net_<\n-0001c100: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f69 70e2 8099 INTERFACE>_ip...\n-0001c110: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 . The networ\n-0001c120: 6b20 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 7320 4950 k interface's IP\n-0001c130: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d address. Read-\n-0001c140: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 only......net__mac...\n-0001c160: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 . The networ\n-0001c170: 6b20 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 7320 4d41 k interface's MA\n-0001c180: 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 5265 6164 C address. Read\n-0001c190: 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c -only......net_<\n-0001c1a0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 656e INTERFACE>_clien\n-0001c1b0: 7469 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 tid.... The \n-0001c1c0: 636c 6965 6e74 2069 6420 7072 6f76 6964 client id provid\n-0001c1d0: 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 ed by DHCP. Read\n-0001c1e0: 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c -only......net_<\n-0001c1f0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 656e INTERFACE>_clien\n-0001c200: 7475 7569 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 tuuid.... Th\n-0001c210: 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2075 7569 6420 7072 e client uuid pr\n-0001c220: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 ovided by DHCP. \n-0001c230: 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e Read-only......n\n-0001c240: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 et__h\n-0001c250: 6f73 746e 616d 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ostname.... \n-0001c260: 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2068 6f73 7420 The client host \n-0001c270: 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 name provided by\n-0001c280: 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 DHCP. Read-only\n-0001c290: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__domain....\n-0001c2b0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 The client \n-0001c2c0: 646f 6d61 696e 206e 616d 6520 7072 6f76 domain name prov\n-0001c2d0: 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 ided by DHCP. Re\n-0001c2e0: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 ad-only......net\n-0001c2f0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f __roo\n-0001c300: 7470 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 tpath.... Th\n-0001c310: 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636c e path to the cl\n-0001c320: 6965 6e74 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6469 736b ient's root disk\n-0001c330: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 provided by DHC\n-0001c340: 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 P. Read-only....\n-0001c350: 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ..net__extensionspath\n-0001c370: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 6174 .... The pat\n-0001c380: 6820 746f 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 h to additional \n-0001c390: 4448 4350 2076 656e 646f 7220 6578 7465 DHCP vendor exte\n-0001c3a0: 6e73 696f 6e73 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 nsions provided \n-0001c3b0: 6279 2044 4843 502e 0a20 2020 2020 5265 by DHCP.. Re\n-0001c3c0: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 ad-only......net\n-0001c3d0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f __boo\n-0001c3e0: 745f 6669 6c65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 t_file.... T\n-0001c3f0: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 206e 616d he boot file nam\n-0001c400: 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 e provided by DH\n-0001c410: 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a CP. Read-only...\n-0001c420: e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 ...net__dhcp_server_n\n-0001c440: 616d 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ame.... The \n-0001c450: 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 4448 4350 name of the DHCP\n-0001c460: 2073 6572 7665 7220 7265 7370 6f6e 7369 server responsi\n-0001c470: 626c 6520 666f 7220 7468 6573 6520 626f ble for these bo\n-0001c480: 6f74 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 732e 0a20 ot parameters.. \n-0001c490: 2020 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a Read-only...\n-0001c4a0: e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 ...net__next_server..\n-0001c4c0: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2049 5020 6164 .. The IP ad\n-0001c4d0: 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206e 6578 dress of the nex\n-0001c4e0: 7420 2875 7375 616c 6c79 2c20 5446 5450 t (usually, TFTP\n-0001c4f0: 2920 7365 7276 6572 2070 726f 7669 6465 ) server provide\n-0001c500: 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 0a20 2020 2020 d by DHCP.. \n-0001c510: 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e Read-only......n\n-0001c520: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 et_default_inter\n-0001c530: 6661 6365 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e69 face.... Ini\n-0001c540: 7469 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6e61 tially set to na\n-0001c550: 6d65 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696e me of network in\n-0001c560: 7465 7266 6163 6520 7468 6174 2077 6173 terface that was\n-0001c570: 2075 7365 6420 746f 206c 6f61 640a 2020 used to load. \n-0001c580: 2020 2067 7275 622e 2020 5265 6164 2d77 grub. Read-w\n-0001c590: 7269 7465 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2073 rite, although s\n-0001c5a0: 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7420 6166 6665 6374 etting it affect\n-0001c5b0: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 s only interpret\n-0001c5c0: 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 e280 ation. of ..\n-0001c5d0: 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 70e2 .net_default_ip.\n-0001c5e0: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 .. and ...net_de\n-0001c5f0: 6661 756c 745f 6d61 63e2 8099 0a0a e280 fault_mac.......\n-0001c600: 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 70e2 .net_default_ip.\n-0001c610: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 4950 2061 ... The IP a\n-0001c620: 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 6465 6661 756c ddress of defaul\n-0001c630: 7420 696e 7465 7266 6163 652e 2020 5265 t interface. Re\n-0001c640: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 ad-only. This i\n-0001c650: 7320 616c 6961 7320 666f 720a 2020 2020 s alias for. \n-0001c660: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 247b 6e65 the ...net_${ne\n-0001c670: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 t_default_interf\n-0001c680: 6163 657d 5f69 70e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 ace}_ip.........\n-0001c690: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 63e2 net_default_mac.\n-0001c6a0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 ... The defa\n-0001c6b0: 756c 7420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 7320 ult interface's \n-0001c6c0: 4d41 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 5265 MAC address. Re\n-0001c6d0: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 ad-only. This i\n-0001c6e0: 7320 616c 6961 7320 666f 720a 2020 2020 s alias for. \n-0001c6f0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 247b 6e65 the ...net_${ne\n-0001c700: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 t_default_interf\n-0001c710: 6163 657d 5f6d 6163 e280 992e 0a0a e280 ace}_mac........\n-0001c720: 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 .net_default_ser\n-0001c730: 7665 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ver.... The \n-0001c740: 6465 6661 756c 7420 7365 7276 6572 2075 default server u\n-0001c750: 7365 6420 6279 206e 6574 776f 726b 2064 sed by network d\n-0001c760: 7269 7665 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 rives (*note Dev\n-0001c770: 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 0a20 ice syntax::).. \n-0001c780: 2020 2020 5265 6164 2d77 7269 7465 2c20 Read-write, \n-0001c790: 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2073 6574 7469 6e67 although setting\n-0001c7a0: 2074 6869 7320 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 this is only us\n-0001c7b0: 6566 756c 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6f70 656e eful before open\n-0001c7c0: 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 206e 6574 776f ing a. netwo\n-0001c7d0: 726b 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 rk device.....Fi\n-0001c7e0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0001c7f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 Node: Serial ter\n-0001c800: 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5665 minal, Next: Ve\n-0001c810: 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 ndor power-on ke\n-0001c820: 7973 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204e 6574 776f ys, Prev: Netwo\n-0001c830: 726b 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3920 rk, Up: Top..9 \n-0001c840: 5573 696e 6720 4752 5542 2076 6961 2061 Using GRUB via a\n-0001c850: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 0a2a 2a2a serial line.***\n+0001b650: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+0001b660: 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 696e The following in\n+0001b670: 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e73 2064 6f6e 2774 structions don't\n+0001b680: 2077 6f72 6b20 666f 7220 2a2d 656d 752c work for *-emu,\n+0001b690: 2069 3338 362d 7165 6d75 2c0a 6933 3836 i386-qemu,.i386\n+0001b6a0: 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 362d -coreboot, i386-\n+0001b6b0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 206d 6970 735f multiboot, mips_\n+0001b6c0: 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2c20 6d69 7073 2d61 loongson, mips-a\n+0001b6d0: 7263 2061 6e64 0a6d 6970 735f 7165 6d75 rc and.mips_qemu\n+0001b6e0: 5f6d 6970 730a 0a20 2020 546f 2067 656e _mips.. To gen\n+0001b6f0: 6572 6174 6520 6120 6e65 7462 6f6f 7461 erate a netboota\n+0001b700: 626c 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2072 ble directory, r\n+0001b710: 756e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d un:.. grub-m\n+0001b720: 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 2d2d 6e65 742d 6469 knetdir --net-di\n+0001b730: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f73 7276 2f74 6674 rectory=/srv/tft\n+0001b740: 7020 2d2d 7375 6264 6972 3d2f 626f 6f74 p --subdir=/boot\n+0001b750: 2f67 7275 6220 2d64 202f 7573 722f 6c69 /grub -d /usr/li\n+0001b760: 622f 6772 7562 2f3c 706c 6174 666f 726d b/grub/.. E.g. for \n+0001b780: 6933 3836 2d70 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 i386-pc:.. g\n+0001b790: 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 202d 2d6e rub-mknetdir --n\n+0001b7a0: 6574 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 7372 et-directory=/sr\n+0001b7b0: 762f 7466 7470 202d 2d73 7562 6469 723d v/tftp --subdir=\n+0001b7c0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 202d 6420 2f75 /boot/grub -d /u\n+0001b7d0: 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 6933 3836 sr/lib/grub/i386\n+0001b7e0: 2d70 630a 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2066 6f6c -pc.. Then fol\n+0001b7f0: 6c6f 7720 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e73 low instructions\n+0001b800: 2070 7269 6e74 6564 206f 7574 2062 7920 printed out by \n+0001b810: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 6f6e grub-mknetdir on\n+0001b820: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7269 6e67 0a79 6f75 configuring.you\n+0001b830: 7220 4448 4350 2073 6572 7665 722e 0a0a r DHCP server...\n+0001b840: 2020 2054 6865 2067 7275 622e 6366 6720 The grub.cfg \n+0001b850: 6669 6c65 2069 7320 706c 6163 6564 2069 file is placed i\n+0001b860: 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2064 6972 6563 n the same direc\n+0001b870: 746f 7279 2061 7320 7468 6520 7061 7468 tory as the path\n+0001b880: 206f 7574 7075 740a 6279 2067 7275 622d output.by grub-\n+0001b890: 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 2068 6572 6561 6674 mknetdir hereaft\n+0001b8a0: 6572 2072 6566 6572 7265 6420 746f 2061 er referred to a\n+0001b8b0: 7320 4657 5041 5448 2e20 4752 5542 2077 s FWPATH. GRUB w\n+0001b8c0: 696c 6c20 7365 6172 6368 2066 6f72 0a69 ill search for.i\n+0001b8d0: 7473 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ts configuration\n+0001b8e0: 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 files in order \n+0001b8f0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 using the follow\n+0001b900: 696e 6720 7275 6c65 7320 7768 6572 6520 ing rules where \n+0001b910: 7468 650a 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2076 616c the.appended val\n+0001b920: 7565 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 ue corresponds t\n+0001b930: 6f20 6120 7661 6c75 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 o a value on the\n+0001b940: 2063 6c69 656e 7420 6d61 6368 696e 652e client machine.\n+0001b950: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 .. ...(FWPAT\n+0001b960: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 H).../grub.cfg-.\n+0001b970: 8098 2855 5549 4420 4f46 204d 4143 4849 ..(UUID OF MACHI\n+0001b980: 4e45 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 NE).... ...(\n+0001b990: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n+0001b9a0: 6366 672d e280 9828 4d41 4320 4144 4452 cfg-...(MAC ADDR\n+0001b9b0: 4553 5320 4f46 204e 4943 29e2 8099 0a20 ESS OF NIC).... \n+0001b9c0: 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 ...(FWPATH).\n+0001b9d0: 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d e280 9828 ../grub.cfg-...(\n+0001b9e0: 4950 7634 204f 5220 4950 7636 2041 4444 IPv4 OR IPv6 ADD\n+0001b9f0: 5245 5353 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 e280 RESS).... ..\n+0001ba00: 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 .(FWPATH).../gru\n+0001ba10: 622e 6366 670a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 5555 b.cfg.. The UU\n+0001ba20: 4944 2069 7320 7468 6520 436c 6965 6e74 ID is the Client\n+0001ba30: 204d 6163 6869 6e65 2049 6465 6e74 6966 Machine Identif\n+0001ba40: 6965 7220 4f70 7469 6f6e 2044 6566 696e ier Option Defin\n+0001ba50: 6974 696f 6e20 6173 0a73 7065 6369 6669 ition as.specifi\n+0001ba60: 6564 2069 6e20 5246 4320 3435 3738 2e20 ed in RFC 4578. \n+0001ba70: 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7769 6c6c The client will\n+0001ba80: 206f 6e6c 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f only attempt to\n+0001ba90: 206c 6f6f 756b 2075 7020 6120 5555 4944 loouk up a UUID\n+0001baa0: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 2069 6620 .config file if \n+0001bab0: 6974 2077 6173 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 it was provided \n+0001bac0: 6279 2074 6865 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 by the DHCP serv\n+0001bad0: 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 er... The clie\n+0001bae0: 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2061 7474 nt will only att\n+0001baf0: 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f6b 2075 7020 empt to look up \n+0001bb00: 616e 2049 5076 3620 6164 6472 6573 7320 an IPv6 address \n+0001bb10: 636f 6e66 6967 206f 6e63 652c 0a68 6f77 config once,.how\n+0001bb20: 6576 6572 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7472 ever, it will tr\n+0001bb30: 7920 7468 6520 4950 7634 206d 756c 7469 y the IPv4 multi\n+0001bb40: 706c 6520 7469 6d65 732e 2020 5468 6520 ple times. The \n+0001bb50: 636f 6e63 7265 7465 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 concrete example\n+0001bb60: 0a62 656c 6f77 2073 686f 7773 2077 6861 .below shows wha\n+0001bb70: 7420 776f 756c 6420 6861 7070 656e 2075 t would happen u\n+0001bb80: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2049 5076 3420 6361 nder the IPv4 ca\n+0001bb90: 7365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5555 4944 3a20 se... UUID: \n+0001bba0: 3737 3236 6136 3738 2d37 6663 302d 3438 7726a678-7fc0-48\n+0001bbb0: 3533 2d61 3466 362d 6338 3561 6333 3661 53-a4f6-c85ac36a\n+0001bbc0: 3132 3061 0a20 2020 2020 4d41 433a 2020 120a. MAC: \n+0001bbd0: 3532 3a35 343a 3030 3a65 633a 3333 3a38 52:54:00:ec:33:8\n+0001bbe0: 310a 2020 2020 2049 5056 343a 2031 302e 1. IPV4: 10.\n+0001bbf0: 302e 302e 3133 3020 2830 4130 3030 3038 0.0.130 (0A00008\n+0001bc00: 3229 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 2).. ...(FWP\n+0001bc10: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n+0001bc20: 2d37 3732 3661 3637 382d 3766 6330 2d34 -7726a678-7fc0-4\n+0001bc30: 3835 332d 6134 6636 2d63 3835 6163 3336 853-a4f6-c85ac36\n+0001bc40: 6131 3230 610a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 a120a. ...(F\n+0001bc50: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n+0001bc60: 6667 2d35 322d 3534 2d30 302d 6563 2d33 fg-52-54-00-ec-3\n+0001bc70: 332d 3831 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 3-81. ...(FW\n+0001bc80: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n+0001bc90: 672d 3041 3030 3030 3832 0a20 2020 2020 g-0A000082. \n+0001bca0: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n+0001bcb0: 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 3030 380a rub.cfg-0A00008.\n+0001bcc0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n+0001bcd0: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 .../grub.cfg-0A0\n+0001bce0: 3030 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 000. ...(FWP\n+0001bcf0: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n+0001bd00: 2d30 4130 3030 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 -0A000. ...(\n+0001bd10: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n+0001bd20: 6366 672d 3041 3030 0a20 2020 2020 e280 cfg-0A00. ..\n+0001bd30: 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 .(FWPATH).../gru\n+0001bd40: 622e 6366 672d 3041 300a 2020 2020 20e2 b.cfg-0A0. .\n+0001bd50: 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 ..(FWPATH).../gr\n+0001bd60: 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 410a 2020 2020 20e2 ub.cfg-0A. .\n+0001bd70: 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 ..(FWPATH).../gr\n+0001bd80: 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ub.cfg-0. ..\n+0001bd90: 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 .(FWPATH).../gru\n+0001bda0: 622e 6366 670a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2066 b.cfg.. This f\n+0001bdb0: 6561 7475 7265 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 eature is enable\n+0001bdc0: 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2062 7574 d by default but\n+0001bdd0: 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6973 6162 it can be disab\n+0001bde0: 6c65 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 led by setting.t\n+0001bdf0: 6865 20e2 8098 6665 6174 7572 655f 6e65 he ...feature_ne\n+0001be00: 745f 7365 6172 6368 5f63 6667 e280 9920 t_search_cfg... \n+0001be10: 746f 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2e20 2053 696e to ...n.... Sin\n+0001be20: 6365 2074 6869 7320 6861 7070 656e 7320 ce this happens \n+0001be30: 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 0a63 6f6e 6669 before the.confi\n+0001be40: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6973 guration file is\n+0001be50: 2072 6561 6420 6279 2047 5255 422c 2074 read by GRUB, t\n+0001be60: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 2074 his option has t\n+0001be70: 6f20 6265 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 696e o be disabled in\n+0001be80: 2061 6e0a 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e an.embedded con\n+0001be90: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n+0001bea0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 (*note Embedded \n+0001beb0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n+0001bec0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 7465 7220 4752 5542 ... After GRUB\n+0001bed0: 2068 6173 2073 7461 7274 6564 2c20 6669 has started, fi\n+0001bee0: 6c65 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2054 4654 5020 les on the TFTP \n+0001bef0: 7365 7276 6572 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 server will be a\n+0001bf00: 6363 6573 7369 626c 650a 7669 6120 7468 ccessible.via th\n+0001bf10: 6520 e280 9828 7466 7470 29e2 8099 2064 e ...(tftp)... d\n+0001bf20: 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2073 evice... The s\n+0001bf30: 6572 7665 7220 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 erver IP address\n+0001bf40: 2063 616e 2062 6520 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c can be controll\n+0001bf50: 6564 2062 7920 6368 616e 6769 6e67 2074 ed by changing t\n+0001bf60: 6865 20e2 8098 2874 6674 7029 e280 990a he ...(tftp)....\n+0001bf70: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 746f 20e2 device name to .\n+0001bf80: 8098 2874 6674 702c 5345 5256 4552 2d49 ..(tftp,SERVER-I\n+0001bf90: 5029 e280 992e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 P).... Note tha\n+0001bfa0: 7420 7468 6973 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 t this should be\n+0001bfb0: 2063 6861 6e67 6564 0a62 6f74 6820 696e changed.both in\n+0001bfc0: 2074 6865 2070 7265 6669 7820 616e 6420 the prefix and \n+0001bfd0: 696e 2061 6e79 2072 6566 6572 656e 6365 in any reference\n+0001bfe0: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 s to the device \n+0001bff0: 6e61 6d65 2069 6e20 7468 650a 636f 6e66 name in the.conf\n+0001c000: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e0a iguration file..\n+0001c010: 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 . GRUB provide\n+0001c020: 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 656e 7669 726f s several enviro\n+0001c030: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 nment variables \n+0001c040: 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 which may be use\n+0001c050: 6420 746f 0a69 6e73 7065 6374 206f 7220 d to.inspect or \n+0001c060: 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6568 6176 change the behav\n+0001c070: 696f 7572 206f 6620 7468 6520 5058 4520 iour of the PXE \n+0001c080: 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 device. In the \n+0001c090: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 6465 7363 7269 following.descri\n+0001c0a0: 7074 696f 6e20 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ption is placeholder\n+0001c0c0: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 for the name of\n+0001c0d0: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 network interfa\n+0001c0e0: 6365 0a28 706c 6174 666f 726d 2064 6570 ce.(platform dep\n+0001c0f0: 656e 6465 6e74 293a 0a0a e280 986e 6574 endent):.....net\n+0001c100: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f69 70e2 __ip.\n+0001c110: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6e65 7477 ... The netw\n+0001c120: 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 7320 ork interface's \n+0001c130: 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 IP address. Rea\n+0001c140: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f d-only......net_\n+0001c150: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 63e2 _mac.\n+0001c160: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6e65 7477 ... The netw\n+0001c170: 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 7320 ork interface's \n+0001c180: 4d41 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 5265 MAC address. Re\n+0001c190: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 ad-only......net\n+0001c1a0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 __cli\n+0001c1b0: 656e 7469 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 entid.... Th\n+0001c1c0: 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2069 6420 7072 6f76 e client id prov\n+0001c1d0: 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 ided by DHCP. Re\n+0001c1e0: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 ad-only......net\n+0001c1f0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 __cli\n+0001c200: 656e 7475 7569 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 entuuid.... \n+0001c210: 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2075 7569 6420 The client uuid \n+0001c220: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 provided by DHCP\n+0001c230: 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 . Read-only.....\n+0001c240: 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e .net_\n+0001c250: 5f68 6f73 746e 616d 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 _hostname.... \n+0001c260: 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2068 6f73 The client hos\n+0001c270: 7420 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 t name provided \n+0001c280: 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e by DHCP. Read-on\n+0001c290: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ly......net__domain..\n+0001c2b0: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e .. The clien\n+0001c2c0: 7420 646f 6d61 696e 206e 616d 6520 7072 t domain name pr\n+0001c2d0: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 ovided by DHCP. \n+0001c2e0: 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e Read-only......n\n+0001c2f0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 et__r\n+0001c300: 6f6f 7470 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ootpath.... \n+0001c310: 5468 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 7468 6520 The path to the \n+0001c320: 636c 6965 6e74 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6469 client's root di\n+0001c330: 736b 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 sk provided by D\n+0001c340: 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a HCP. Read-only..\n+0001c350: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__extensionspa\n+0001c370: 7468 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 th.... The p\n+0001c380: 6174 6820 746f 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 ath to additiona\n+0001c390: 6c20 4448 4350 2076 656e 646f 7220 6578 l DHCP vendor ex\n+0001c3a0: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2070 726f 7669 6465 tensions provide\n+0001c3b0: 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 0a20 2020 2020 d by DHCP.. \n+0001c3c0: 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e Read-only......n\n+0001c3d0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 et__b\n+0001c3e0: 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 e280 990a 2020 2020 oot_file.... \n+0001c3f0: 2054 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 206e The boot file n\n+0001c400: 616d 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 ame provided by \n+0001c410: 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e DHCP. Read-only.\n+0001c420: 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 .....net__dhcp_server\n+0001c440: 5f6e 616d 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 _name.... Th\n+0001c450: 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 4448 e name of the DH\n+0001c460: 4350 2073 6572 7665 7220 7265 7370 6f6e CP server respon\n+0001c470: 7369 626c 6520 666f 7220 7468 6573 6520 sible for these \n+0001c480: 626f 6f74 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 732e boot parameters.\n+0001c490: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e . Read-only.\n+0001c4a0: 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 .....net__next_server\n+0001c4c0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2049 5020 .... The IP \n+0001c4d0: 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206e address of the n\n+0001c4e0: 6578 7420 2875 7375 616c 6c79 2c20 5446 ext (usually, TF\n+0001c4f0: 5450 2920 7365 7276 6572 2070 726f 7669 TP) server provi\n+0001c500: 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 0a20 2020 ded by DHCP.. \n+0001c510: 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 Read-only.....\n+0001c520: 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 .net_default_int\n+0001c530: 6572 6661 6365 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 erface.... I\n+0001c540: 6e69 7469 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2074 6f20 nitially set to \n+0001c550: 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 name of network \n+0001c560: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7468 6174 2077 interface that w\n+0001c570: 6173 2075 7365 6420 746f 206c 6f61 640a as used to load.\n+0001c580: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622e 2020 5265 6164 grub. Read\n+0001c590: 2d77 7269 7465 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 -write, although\n+0001c5a0: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7420 6166 6665 setting it affe\n+0001c5b0: 6374 7320 6f6e 6c79 2069 6e74 6572 7072 cts only interpr\n+0001c5c0: 6574 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 etation. of \n+0001c5d0: e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 ...net_default_i\n+0001c5e0: 70e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6e65 745f p... and ...net_\n+0001c5f0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 63e2 8099 0a0a default_mac.....\n+0001c600: e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 ...net_default_i\n+0001c610: 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 4950 p.... The IP\n+0001c620: 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 6465 6661 address of defa\n+0001c630: 756c 7420 696e 7465 7266 6163 652e 2020 ult interface. \n+0001c640: 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 Read-only. This\n+0001c650: 2069 7320 616c 6961 7320 666f 720a 2020 is alias for. \n+0001c660: 2020 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 247b the ...net_${\n+0001c670: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 net_default_inte\n+0001c680: 7266 6163 657d 5f69 70e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 rface}_ip.......\n+0001c690: 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 ..net_default_ma\n+0001c6a0: 63e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 c.... The de\n+0001c6b0: 6661 756c 7420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 fault interface'\n+0001c6c0: 7320 4d41 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 s MAC address. \n+0001c6d0: 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 Read-only. This\n+0001c6e0: 2069 7320 616c 6961 7320 666f 720a 2020 is alias for. \n+0001c6f0: 2020 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 247b the ...net_${\n+0001c700: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 net_default_inte\n+0001c710: 7266 6163 657d 5f6d 6163 e280 992e 0a0a rface}_mac......\n+0001c720: e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 ...net_default_s\n+0001c730: 6572 7665 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 erver.... Th\n+0001c740: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7365 7276 6572 e default server\n+0001c750: 2075 7365 6420 6279 206e 6574 776f 726b used by network\n+0001c760: 2064 7269 7665 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 drives (*note D\n+0001c770: 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e evice syntax::).\n+0001c780: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2d77 7269 7465 . Read-write\n+0001c790: 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2073 6574 7469 , although setti\n+0001c7a0: 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 ng this is only \n+0001c7b0: 7573 6566 756c 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6f70 useful before op\n+0001c7c0: 656e 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 206e 6574 ening a. net\n+0001c7d0: 776f 726b 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 1f0a work device.....\n+0001c7e0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0001c7f0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 Node: Serial t\n+0001c800: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 erminal, Next: \n+0001c810: 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 Vendor power-on \n+0001c820: 6b65 7973 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204e 6574 keys, Prev: Net\n+0001c830: 776f 726b 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a work, Up: Top..\n+0001c840: 3920 5573 696e 6720 4752 5542 2076 6961 9 Using GRUB via\n+0001c850: 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 0a2a a serial line.*\n 0001c860: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001c870: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6869 ***********..Thi\n-0001c880: 7320 6368 6170 7465 7220 6465 7363 7269 s chapter descri\n-0001c890: 6265 7320 686f 7720 746f 2075 7365 2074 bes how to use t\n-0001c8a0: 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e he serial termin\n-0001c8b0: 616c 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 6e20 4752 al support in GR\n-0001c8c0: 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 UB... If you h\n-0001c8d0: 6176 6520 6d61 6e79 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 ave many compute\n-0001c8e0: 7273 206f 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 rs or computers \n-0001c8f0: 7769 7468 206e 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 792f with no display/\n-0001c900: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2c20 6974 0a63 6f75 keyboard, it.cou\n-0001c910: 6c64 2062 6520 7665 7279 2075 7365 6675 ld be very usefu\n-0001c920: 6c20 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2074 6865 l to control the\n-0001c930: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2074 6872 6f75 computers throu\n-0001c940: 6768 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 636f 6d6d 756e gh serial.commun\n-0001c950: 6963 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 6f20 636f ications. To co\n-0001c960: 6e6e 6563 7420 6f6e 6520 636f 6d70 7574 nnect one comput\n-0001c970: 6572 2077 6974 6820 616e 6f74 6865 7220 er with another \n-0001c980: 7669 6120 6120 7365 7269 616c 206c 696e via a serial lin\n-0001c990: 652c 0a79 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2070 e,.you need to p\n-0001c9a0: 7265 7061 7265 2061 206e 756c 6c2d 6d6f repare a null-mo\n-0001c9b0: 6465 6d20 2863 726f 7373 2920 7365 7269 dem (cross) seri\n-0001c9c0: 616c 2063 6162 6c65 2c20 616e 6420 796f al cable, and yo\n-0001c9d0: 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 0a74 6f20 6861 u may need.to ha\n-0001c9e0: 7665 206d 756c 7469 706f 7274 2073 6572 ve multiport ser\n-0001c9f0: 6961 6c20 626f 6172 6473 2c20 6966 2079 ial boards, if y\n-0001ca00: 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2064 6f65 our computer doe\n-0001ca10: 736e 2774 2068 6176 6520 6578 7472 610a sn't have extra.\n-0001ca20: 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7473 2e20 2049 serial ports. I\n-0001ca30: 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6120 7465 n addition, a te\n-0001ca40: 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 rminal emulator \n-0001ca50: 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7265 7175 6972 6564 is also required\n-0001ca60: 2c20 7375 6368 0a61 7320 6d69 6e69 636f , such.as minico\n-0001ca70: 6d2e 2020 5265 6665 7220 746f 2061 206d m. Refer to a m\n-0001ca80: 616e 7561 6c20 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 anual of your op\n-0001ca90: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 erating system, \n-0001caa0: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a69 6e66 6f72 6d61 for more.informa\n-0001cab0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4173 2066 6f72 tion... As for\n-0001cac0: 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7472 GRUB, the instr\n-0001cad0: 7563 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7570 uction to set up\n-0001cae0: 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e a serial termin\n-0001caf0: 616c 2069 7320 7175 6974 650a 7369 6d70 al is quite.simp\n-0001cb00: 6c65 2e20 2048 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 le. Here is an \n-0001cb10: 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 example:.. g\n-0001cb20: 7275 623e 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 756e rub> serial --un\n-0001cb30: 6974 3d30 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d39 3630 it=0 --speed=960\n-0001cb40: 300a 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2074 6572 0. grub> ter\n-0001cb50: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 7365 7269 minal_input seri\n-0001cb60: 616c 3b20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 al; terminal_out\n-0001cb70: 7075 7420 7365 7269 616c 0a0a 2020 2054 put serial.. T\n-0001cb80: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 he command ...se\n-0001cb90: 7269 616c e280 9920 696e 6974 6961 6c69 rial... initiali\n-0001cba0: 7a65 7320 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c 2075 zes the serial u\n-0001cbb0: 6e69 7420 3020 7769 7468 2074 6865 2073 nit 0 with the s\n-0001cbc0: 7065 6564 0a39 3630 3062 7073 2e20 2054 peed.9600bps. T\n-0001cbd0: 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 756e 6974 2030 he serial unit 0\n-0001cbe0: 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6361 6c6c is usually call\n-0001cbf0: 6564 20e2 8098 434f 4d31 e280 992c 2073 ed ...COM1..., s\n-0001cc00: 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 o, if you want t\n-0001cc10: 6f0a 7573 6520 434f 4d32 2c20 796f 7520 o.use COM2, you \n-0001cc20: 6d75 7374 2073 7065 6369 6679 20e2 8098 must specify ...\n-0001cc30: 2d2d 756e 6974 3d31 e280 9920 696e 7374 --unit=1... inst\n-0001cc40: 6561 642e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 ead. This comma\n-0001cc50: 6e64 2061 6363 6570 7473 0a6d 616e 7920 nd accepts.many \n-0001cc60: 6f74 6865 7220 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 202a other options, *\n-0001cc70: 6e6f 7465 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 3a20 666f note serial:: fo\n-0001cc80: 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a r more details..\n-0001cc90: 0a20 2020 5769 7468 6f75 7420 6172 6775 . Without argu\n-0001cca0: 6d65 6e74 206f 7220 7769 7468 20e2 8098 ment or with ...\n-0001ccb0: 2d2d 706f 7274 3d61 7574 6fe2 8099 2c20 --port=auto..., \n-0001ccc0: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6174 7465 6d70 GRUB will attemp\n-0001ccd0: 7420 746f 2075 7365 2041 4350 490a 7768 t to use ACPI.wh\n-0001cce0: 656e 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 en available to \n-0001ccf0: 6175 746f 2d64 6574 6563 7420 7468 6520 auto-detect the \n-0001cd00: 6465 6661 756c 7420 7365 7269 616c 2070 default serial p\n-0001cd10: 6f72 7420 616e 6420 6974 730a 636f 6e66 ort and its.conf\n-0001cd20: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2054 iguration... T\n-0001cd30: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 e280 9874 he commands ...t\n-0001cd40: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 74e2 8099 erminal_input...\n-0001cd50: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c (*note terminal\n-0001cd60: 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a 2920 616e 640a e280 _input::) and...\n-0001cd70: 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 .terminal_output\n-0001cd80: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 ... (*note termi\n-0001cd90: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 2920 6368 nal_output::) ch\n-0001cda0: 6f6f 7365 2077 6869 6368 2074 7970 6520 oose which type \n-0001cdb0: 6f66 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 796f 7520 of.terminal you \n-0001cdc0: 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 652e 2020 496e want to use. In\n-0001cdd0: 2074 6865 2063 6173 6520 6162 6f76 652c the case above,\n-0001cde0: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 the terminal wi\n-0001cdf0: 6c6c 2062 6520 610a 7365 7269 616c 2074 ll be a.serial t\n-0001ce00: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2062 7574 2079 6f75 erminal, but you\n-0001ce10: 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 7061 7373 20e2 can also pass .\n-0001ce20: 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 ..console... to \n-0001ce30: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2061 730a the command, as.\n-0001ce40: e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 ...terminal_inpu\n-0001ce50: 7420 7365 7269 616c 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 t serial console\n-0001ce60: e280 992e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 .... In this ca\n-0001ce70: 7365 2c20 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c 2069 se, a terminal i\n-0001ce80: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 796f 750a 7072 6573 n which you.pres\n-0001ce90: 7320 616e 7920 6b65 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 s any key will b\n-0001cea0: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2061 7320 6120 e selected as a \n-0001ceb0: 4752 5542 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 GRUB terminal. \n-0001cec0: 496e 2074 6865 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 0a61 In the example.a\n-0001ced0: 626f 7665 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 bove, note that \n-0001cee0: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7075 7420 you need to put \n-0001cef0: 626f 7468 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6f6e both commands on\n-0001cf00: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 636f 6d6d 616e the same comman\n-0001cf10: 6420 6c69 6e65 2c0a 6173 2079 6f75 2077 d line,.as you w\n-0001cf20: 696c 6c20 6c6f 7365 2074 6865 2061 6269 ill lose the abi\n-0001cf30: 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 7479 7065 2063 6f6d lity to type com\n-0001cf40: 6d61 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e mands on the con\n-0001cf50: 736f 6c65 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 0a66 sole after the.f\n-0001cf60: 6972 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 irst command... \n-0001cf70: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 206e 6f74 6520 However, note \n-0001cf80: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 that GRUB assume\n-0001cf90: 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d s that your term\n-0001cfa0: 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 6973 inal emulator is\n-0001cfb0: 0a63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 7769 7468 .compatible with\n-0001cfc0: 2056 5431 3030 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c VT100 by defaul\n-0001cfd0: 742e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7472 7565 t. This is true\n-0001cfe0: 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7465 726d 696e for most termin\n-0001cff0: 616c 0a65 6d75 6c61 746f 7273 206e 6f77 al.emulators now\n-0001d000: 6164 6179 732c 2062 7574 2079 6f75 2073 adays, but you s\n-0001d010: 686f 756c 6420 7061 7373 2074 6865 206f hould pass the o\n-0001d020: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d64 756d 62e2 ption ...--dumb.\n-0001d030: 8099 2074 6f20 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e .. to the.comman\n-0001d040: 6420 6966 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e d if your termin\n-0001d050: 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 6973 206e al emulator is n\n-0001d060: 6f74 2056 5431 3030 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 ot VT100-compati\n-0001d070: 626c 6520 6f72 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 ble or implement\n-0001d080: 730a 6665 7720 5654 3130 3020 6573 6361 s.few VT100 esca\n-0001d090: 7065 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2e20 2049 pe sequences. I\n-0001d0a0: 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 f you specify th\n-0001d0b0: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7468 656e 2047 is option then G\n-0001d0c0: 5255 420a 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2079 6f75 RUB.provides you\n-0001d0d0: 2077 6974 6820 616e 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 with an alterna\n-0001d0e0: 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 tive menu interf\n-0001d0f0: 6163 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 ace, because the\n-0001d100: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d65 6e75 0a72 6571 normal menu.req\n-0001d110: 7569 7265 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 6661 uires several fa\n-0001d120: 6e63 7920 6665 6174 7572 6573 206f 6620 ncy features of \n-0001d130: 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a your terminal...\n-0001d140: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0001d150: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 o, Node: Vendor\n-0001d160: 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 power-on keys, \n-0001d170: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6d61 6765 732c 2020 Next: Images, \n-0001d180: 5072 6576 3a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 Prev: Serial ter\n-0001d190: 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a minal, Up: Top.\n-0001d1a0: 0a31 3020 5573 696e 6720 4752 5542 2077 .10 Using GRUB w\n-0001d1b0: 6974 6820 7665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 ith vendor power\n-0001d1c0: 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a -on keys.*******\n+0001c870: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 *************..T\n+0001c880: 6869 7320 6368 6170 7465 7220 6465 7363 his chapter desc\n+0001c890: 7269 6265 7320 686f 7720 746f 2075 7365 ribes how to use\n+0001c8a0: 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d the serial term\n+0001c8b0: 696e 616c 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 6e20 inal support in \n+0001c8c0: 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 GRUB... If you\n+0001c8d0: 2068 6176 6520 6d61 6e79 2063 6f6d 7075 have many compu\n+0001c8e0: 7465 7273 206f 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 ters or computer\n+0001c8f0: 7320 7769 7468 206e 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 s with no displa\n+0001c900: 792f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2c20 6974 0a63 y/keyboard, it.c\n+0001c910: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7665 7279 2075 7365 ould be very use\n+0001c920: 6675 6c20 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2074 ful to control t\n+0001c930: 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2074 6872 he computers thr\n+0001c940: 6f75 6768 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 636f 6d6d ough serial.comm\n+0001c950: 756e 6963 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 6f20 unications. To \n+0001c960: 636f 6e6e 6563 7420 6f6e 6520 636f 6d70 connect one comp\n+0001c970: 7574 6572 2077 6974 6820 616e 6f74 6865 uter with anothe\n+0001c980: 7220 7669 6120 6120 7365 7269 616c 206c r via a serial l\n+0001c990: 696e 652c 0a79 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f ine,.you need to\n+0001c9a0: 2070 7265 7061 7265 2061 206e 756c 6c2d prepare a null-\n+0001c9b0: 6d6f 6465 6d20 2863 726f 7373 2920 7365 modem (cross) se\n+0001c9c0: 7269 616c 2063 6162 6c65 2c20 616e 6420 rial cable, and \n+0001c9d0: 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 0a74 6f20 you may need.to \n+0001c9e0: 6861 7665 206d 756c 7469 706f 7274 2073 have multiport s\n+0001c9f0: 6572 6961 6c20 626f 6172 6473 2c20 6966 erial boards, if\n+0001ca00: 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2064 your computer d\n+0001ca10: 6f65 736e 2774 2068 6176 6520 6578 7472 oesn't have extr\n+0001ca20: 610a 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7473 2e20 a.serial ports. \n+0001ca30: 2049 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6120 In addition, a \n+0001ca40: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f terminal emulato\n+0001ca50: 7220 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7265 7175 6972 r is also requir\n+0001ca60: 6564 2c20 7375 6368 0a61 7320 6d69 6e69 ed, such.as mini\n+0001ca70: 636f 6d2e 2020 5265 6665 7220 746f 2061 com. Refer to a\n+0001ca80: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 manual of your \n+0001ca90: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+0001caa0: 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a69 6e66 6f72 , for more.infor\n+0001cab0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4173 2066 mation... As f\n+0001cac0: 6f72 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 2069 6e73 or GRUB, the ins\n+0001cad0: 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7365 7420 truction to set \n+0001cae0: 7570 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d up a serial term\n+0001caf0: 696e 616c 2069 7320 7175 6974 650a 7369 inal is quite.si\n+0001cb00: 6d70 6c65 2e20 2048 6572 6520 6973 2061 mple. Here is a\n+0001cb10: 6e20 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 n example:.. \n+0001cb20: 2067 7275 623e 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d grub> serial --\n+0001cb30: 756e 6974 3d30 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d39 unit=0 --speed=9\n+0001cb40: 3630 300a 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2074 600. grub> t\n+0001cb50: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 7365 erminal_input se\n+0001cb60: 7269 616c 3b20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f rial; terminal_o\n+0001cb70: 7574 7075 7420 7365 7269 616c 0a0a 2020 utput serial.. \n+0001cb80: 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 The command ...\n+0001cb90: 7365 7269 616c e280 9920 696e 6974 6961 serial... initia\n+0001cba0: 6c69 7a65 7320 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c lizes the serial\n+0001cbb0: 2075 6e69 7420 3020 7769 7468 2074 6865 unit 0 with the\n+0001cbc0: 2073 7065 6564 0a39 3630 3062 7073 2e20 speed.9600bps. \n+0001cbd0: 2054 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 756e 6974 The serial unit\n+0001cbe0: 2030 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6361 0 is usually ca\n+0001cbf0: 6c6c 6564 20e2 8098 434f 4d31 e280 992c lled ...COM1...,\n+0001cc00: 2073 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 so, if you want\n+0001cc10: 2074 6f0a 7573 6520 434f 4d32 2c20 796f to.use COM2, yo\n+0001cc20: 7520 6d75 7374 2073 7065 6369 6679 20e2 u must specify .\n+0001cc30: 8098 2d2d 756e 6974 3d31 e280 9920 696e ..--unit=1... in\n+0001cc40: 7374 6561 642e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d stead. This com\n+0001cc50: 6d61 6e64 2061 6363 6570 7473 0a6d 616e mand accepts.man\n+0001cc60: 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c y other options,\n+0001cc70: 202a 6e6f 7465 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 3a20 *note serial:: \n+0001cc80: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 for more details\n+0001cc90: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5769 7468 6f75 7420 6172 ... Without ar\n+0001cca0: 6775 6d65 6e74 206f 7220 7769 7468 20e2 gument or with .\n+0001ccb0: 8098 2d2d 706f 7274 3d61 7574 6fe2 8099 ..--port=auto...\n+0001ccc0: 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6174 7465 , GRUB will atte\n+0001ccd0: 6d70 7420 746f 2075 7365 2041 4350 490a mpt to use ACPI.\n+0001cce0: 7768 656e 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 when available t\n+0001ccf0: 6f20 6175 746f 2d64 6574 6563 7420 7468 o auto-detect th\n+0001cd00: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7365 7269 616c e default serial\n+0001cd10: 2070 6f72 7420 616e 6420 6974 730a 636f port and its.co\n+0001cd20: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 nfiguration... \n+0001cd30: 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 e280 The commands ..\n+0001cd40: 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 74e2 .terminal_input.\n+0001cd50: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 726d 696e .. (*note termin\n+0001cd60: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a 2920 616e 640a al_input::) and.\n+0001cd70: e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 ...terminal_outp\n+0001cd80: 7574 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 ut... (*note ter\n+0001cd90: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 2920 minal_output::) \n+0001cda0: 6368 6f6f 7365 2077 6869 6368 2074 7970 choose which typ\n+0001cdb0: 6520 6f66 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 796f e of.terminal yo\n+0001cdc0: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 652e 2020 u want to use. \n+0001cdd0: 496e 2074 6865 2063 6173 6520 6162 6f76 In the case abov\n+0001cde0: 652c 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 e, the terminal \n+0001cdf0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 610a 7365 7269 616c will be a.serial\n+0001ce00: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2062 7574 2079 terminal, but y\n+0001ce10: 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 7061 7373 ou can also pass\n+0001ce20: 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2074 ...console... t\n+0001ce30: 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2061 o the command, a\n+0001ce40: 730a e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e s....terminal_in\n+0001ce50: 7075 7420 7365 7269 616c 2063 6f6e 736f put serial conso\n+0001ce60: 6c65 e280 992e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 le.... In this \n+0001ce70: 6361 7365 2c20 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c case, a terminal\n+0001ce80: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 796f 750a 7072 in which you.pr\n+0001ce90: 6573 7320 616e 7920 6b65 7920 7769 6c6c ess any key will\n+0001cea0: 2062 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2061 7320 be selected as \n+0001ceb0: 6120 4752 5542 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e a GRUB terminal.\n+0001cec0: 2020 496e 2074 6865 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 In the example\n+0001ced0: 0a61 626f 7665 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 .above, note tha\n+0001cee0: 7420 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7075 t you need to pu\n+0001cef0: 7420 626f 7468 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 t both commands \n+0001cf00: 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 636f 6d6d on the same comm\n+0001cf10: 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2c0a 6173 2079 6f75 and line,.as you\n+0001cf20: 2077 696c 6c20 6c6f 7365 2074 6865 2061 will lose the a\n+0001cf30: 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 7479 7065 2063 bility to type c\n+0001cf40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 ommands on the c\n+0001cf50: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 onsole after the\n+0001cf60: 0a66 6972 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a .first command..\n+0001cf70: 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 206e 6f74 . However, not\n+0001cf80: 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 e that GRUB assu\n+0001cf90: 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 7465 mes that your te\n+0001cfa0: 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 rminal emulator \n+0001cfb0: 6973 0a63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 7769 is.compatible wi\n+0001cfc0: 7468 2056 5431 3030 2062 7920 6465 6661 th VT100 by defa\n+0001cfd0: 756c 742e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7472 ult. This is tr\n+0001cfe0: 7565 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7465 726d ue for most term\n+0001cff0: 696e 616c 0a65 6d75 6c61 746f 7273 206e inal.emulators n\n+0001d000: 6f77 6164 6179 732c 2062 7574 2079 6f75 owadays, but you\n+0001d010: 2073 686f 756c 6420 7061 7373 2074 6865 should pass the\n+0001d020: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d64 756d option ...--dum\n+0001d030: 62e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 650a 636f 6d6d b... to the.comm\n+0001d040: 616e 6420 6966 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d and if your term\n+0001d050: 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 6973 inal emulator is\n+0001d060: 206e 6f74 2056 5431 3030 2d63 6f6d 7061 not VT100-compa\n+0001d070: 7469 626c 6520 6f72 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 tible or impleme\n+0001d080: 6e74 730a 6665 7720 5654 3130 3020 6573 nts.few VT100 es\n+0001d090: 6361 7065 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2e20 cape sequences. \n+0001d0a0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 If you specify \n+0001d0b0: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7468 656e this option then\n+0001d0c0: 2047 5255 420a 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2079 GRUB.provides y\n+0001d0d0: 6f75 2077 6974 6820 616e 2061 6c74 6572 ou with an alter\n+0001d0e0: 6e61 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 native menu inte\n+0001d0f0: 7266 6163 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 rface, because t\n+0001d100: 6865 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d65 6e75 0a72 he normal menu.r\n+0001d110: 6571 7569 7265 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 equires several \n+0001d120: 6661 6e63 7920 6665 6174 7572 6573 206f fancy features o\n+0001d130: 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e f your terminal.\n+0001d140: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0001d150: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5665 6e64 nfo, Node: Vend\n+0001d160: 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 or power-on keys\n+0001d170: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6d61 6765 732c , Next: Images,\n+0001d180: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 Prev: Serial t\n+0001d190: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f erminal, Up: To\n+0001d1a0: 700a 0a31 3020 5573 696e 6720 4752 5542 p..10 Using GRUB\n+0001d1b0: 2077 6974 6820 7665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 with vendor pow\n+0001d1c0: 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a er-on keys.*****\n 0001d1d0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 0001d1e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001d1f0: 0a0a 536f 6d65 206c 6170 746f 7020 7665 ..Some laptop ve\n-0001d200: 6e64 6f72 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6520 616e ndors provide an\n-0001d210: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 706f 7765 additional powe\n-0001d220: 722d 6f6e 2062 7574 746f 6e20 7768 6963 r-on button whic\n-0001d230: 6820 626f 6f74 730a 616e 6f74 6865 7220 h boots.another \n-0001d240: 4f53 2e20 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 OS. GRUB support\n-0001d250: 7320 7375 6368 2062 7574 746f 6e73 2077 s such buttons w\n-0001d260: 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 9847 5255 425f ith the ...GRUB_\n-0001d270: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 TIMEOUT_BUTTON..\n-0001d280: 992c 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f .,....GRUB_TIMEO\n-0001d290: 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 UT_STYLE_BUTTON.\n-0001d2a0: 8099 2c20 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 .., ...GRUB_DEFA\n-0001d2b0: 554c 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 2061 ULT_BUTTON..., a\n-0001d2c0: 6e64 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f nd....GRUB_BUTTO\n-0001d2d0: 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 N_CMOS_ADDRESS..\n-0001d2e0: 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e 2064 . variables in d\n-0001d2f0: 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 6220 282a 6e6f efault/grub (*no\n-0001d300: 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 te Simple.config\n-0001d310: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e20 20e2 8098 uration::). ...\n-0001d320: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 GRUB_TIMEOUT_BUT\n-0001d330: 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 e280 9847 5255 425f TON..., ...GRUB_\n-0001d340: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 455f 4255 TIMEOUT_STYLE_BU\n-0001d350: 5454 4f4e e280 992c 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 TTON...,.and ...\n-0001d360: 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 GRUB_DEFAULT_BUT\n-0001d370: 544f 4ee2 8099 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 TON... are used \n-0001d380: 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 instead of the c\n-0001d390: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 0a76 6172 orresponding.var\n-0001d3a0: 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 iables without t\n-0001d3b0: 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 he ..._BUTTON...\n-0001d3c0: 2073 7566 6669 7820 7768 656e 2070 6f77 suffix when pow\n-0001d3d0: 6572 6564 206f 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 ered on using th\n-0001d3e0: 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c0a 6275 7474 6f6e e special.button\n-0001d3f0: 2e20 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f . ...GRUB_BUTTO\n-0001d400: 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 N_CMOS_ADDRESS..\n-0001d410: 9920 6973 2076 656e 646f 722d 7370 6563 . is vendor-spec\n-0001d420: 6966 6963 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 616c ific and partial\n-0001d430: 6c79 0a6d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 ly.model-specifi\n-0001d440: 632e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 206b 6e6f 776e c. Values known\n-0001d450: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2074 6561 to the GRUB tea\n-0001d460: 6d20 6172 653a 0a0a 3c44 656c 6c20 5850 m are:... 1\n-0001d480: 3231 3a33 0a3c 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 204d 21:3.. 85:3.\n-0001d4a0: 3c44 656c 6c20 4c61 7469 7475 6465 2045 . 85:3.\n-0001d4c0: 3c41 7375 7320 4565 6550 4320 3130 3035 . 84:1 (u\n-0001d4e0: 6e63 6f6e 6669 726d 6564 290a 3c4c 454e nconfirmed).. \n-0001d510: 2020 2031 3031 3a33 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 101:3.. To \n-0001d520: 7461 6b65 2066 756c 6c20 6164 7661 6e74 take full advant\n-0001d530: 6167 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6675 6e63 age of this func\n-0001d540: 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 tion, install GR\n-0001d550: 5542 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 4d42 520a UB into the MBR.\n-0001d560: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e (*note Installin\n-0001d570: 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 g GRUB using gru\n-0001d580: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 b-install::)... \n-0001d590: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6120 If you have a \n-0001d5a0: 6c61 7074 6f70 2077 6869 6368 2068 6173 laptop which has\n-0001d5b0: 2061 2073 696d 696c 6172 2066 6561 7475 a similar featu\n-0001d5c0: 7265 2061 6e64 206e 6f74 2069 6e20 7468 re and not in th\n-0001d5d0: 6520 6162 6f76 650a 6c69 7374 2063 6f75 e above.list cou\n-0001d5e0: 6c64 2079 6f75 2066 6967 7572 6520 796f ld you figure yo\n-0001d5f0: 7572 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2063 ur address and c\n-0001d600: 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 653f 2020 546f 2064 ontribute? To d\n-0001d610: 6973 636f 7665 7220 7468 650a 6164 6472 iscover the.addr\n-0001d620: 6573 7320 646f 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ess do the follo\n-0001d630: 7769 6e67 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f wing:. ... boo\n-0001d640: 7420 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 e280 t normally. ..\n-0001d650: a220 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6d6f 6470 . sudo modp\n-0001d660: 726f 6265 206e 7672 616d 0a20 2020 2020 robe nvram. \n-0001d670: 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6361 7420 2f64 sudo cat /d\n-0001d680: 6576 2f6e 7672 616d 207c 2078 7864 203e ev/nvram | xxd >\n-0001d690: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6275 7474 6f6e 2e74 normal_button.t\n-0001d6a0: 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626f 6f74 2075 xt. ... boot u\n-0001d6b0: 7369 6e67 2076 656e 646f 7220 6275 7474 sing vendor butt\n-0001d6c0: 6f6e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 2020 2020 2073 on. ... s\n-0001d6d0: 7564 6f20 6d6f 6470 726f 6265 206e 7672 udo modprobe nvr\n-0001d6e0: 616d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7564 am. sud\n-0001d6f0: 6f20 6361 7420 2f64 6576 2f6e 7672 616d o cat /dev/nvram\n-0001d700: 207c 2078 7864 203e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f | xxd > normal_\n-0001d710: 7665 6e64 6f72 2e74 7874 0a0a 2020 2054 vendor.txt.. T\n-0001d720: 6865 6e20 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6573 hen compare thes\n-0001d730: 6520 7465 7874 2066 696c 6573 2061 6e64 e text files and\n-0001d740: 2066 696e 6420 7768 6572 6520 6120 6269 find where a bi\n-0001d750: 7420 7761 7320 746f 6767 6c65 642e 2020 t was toggled. \n-0001d760: 452e 672e 0a69 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 E.g..in case of \n-0001d770: 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 2069 7420 7761 733a Dell XPS it was:\n-0001d780: 0a20 2020 2020 6279 7465 2030 7834 373a . byte 0x47:\n-0001d790: 2032 3020 2d2d 3e20 3238 0a20 2020 4974 20 --> 28. It\n-0001d7a0: 2773 2061 2062 6974 206e 756d 6265 7220 's a bit number \n-0001d7b0: 3320 6173 2073 6565 6e20 6672 6f6d 2066 3 as seen from f\n-0001d7c0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 3a0a ollowing table:.\n-0001d7d0: 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 0 0\n-0001d7e0: 310a 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 1.1 \n-0001d7f0: 2030 320a 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 02.2 \n-0001d800: 2020 2030 340a 3320 2020 2020 2020 2020 04.3 \n-0001d810: 2020 2020 2030 380a 3420 2020 2020 2020 08.4 \n-0001d820: 2020 2020 2020 2031 300a 3520 2020 2020 10.5 \n-0001d830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2032 300a 3620 2020 20.6 \n-0001d840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2034 300a 3720 40.7 \n-0001d850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 300a 80.\n-0001d860: 0a20 2020 3078 3437 2069 7320 6465 6369 . 0x47 is deci\n-0001d870: 6d61 6c20 3731 2e20 204c 696e 7578 206e mal 71. Linux n\n-0001d880: 7672 616d 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 vram implementat\n-0001d890: 696f 6e20 6375 7473 2066 6972 7374 2031 ion cuts first 1\n-0001d8a0: 3420 6279 7465 730a 6f66 2043 4d4f 532e 4 bytes.of CMOS.\n-0001d8b0: 2053 6f20 7468 6520 7265 616c 2062 7974 So the real byt\n-0001d8c0: 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 696e 2043 4d4f e address in CMO\n-0001d8d0: 5320 6973 2037 312b 3134 3d38 3520 536f S is 71+14=85 So\n-0001d8e0: 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 650a 6164 6472 6573 complete.addres\n-0001d8f0: 7320 6973 2038 353a 330a 0a1f 0a46 696c s is 85:3....Fil\n-0001d900: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0001d910: 6f64 653a 2049 6d61 6765 732c 2020 4e65 ode: Images, Ne\n-0001d920: 7874 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 xt: Core image s\n-0001d930: 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 ize limitation, \n-0001d940: 2050 7265 763a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f Prev: Vendor po\n-0001d950: 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 5570 wer-on keys, Up\n-0001d960: 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3120 4752 5542 2069 : Top..11 GRUB i\n-0001d970: 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a mage files.*****\n-0001d980: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n-0001d990: 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 7320 6f66 GRUB consists of\n-0001d9a0: 2073 6576 6572 616c 2069 6d61 6765 733a several images:\n-0001d9b0: 2061 2076 6172 6965 7479 206f 6620 626f a variety of bo\n-0001d9c0: 6f74 7374 7261 7020 696d 6167 6573 2066 otstrap images f\n-0001d9d0: 6f72 0a73 7461 7274 696e 6720 4752 5542 or.starting GRUB\n-0001d9e0: 2069 6e20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7761 7973 in various ways\n-0001d9f0: 2c20 6120 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 , a kernel image\n-0001da00: 2c20 616e 6420 6120 7365 7420 6f66 206d , and a set of m\n-0001da10: 6f64 756c 6573 0a77 6869 6368 2061 7265 odules.which are\n-0001da20: 2063 6f6d 6269 6e65 6420 7769 7468 2074 combined with t\n-0001da30: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 he kernel image \n-0001da40: 746f 2066 6f72 6d20 6120 636f 7265 2069 to form a core i\n-0001da50: 6d61 6765 2e20 2048 6572 6520 6973 0a61 mage. Here is.a\n-0001da60: 2073 686f 7274 206f 7665 7276 6965 7720 short overview \n-0001da70: 6f66 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a e280 9862 6f6f of them......boo\n-0001da80: 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e t.img.... On\n-0001da90: 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 PC BIOS systems\n-0001daa0: 2c20 7468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 , this image is \n-0001dab0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 206f the first part o\n-0001dac0: 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7374 6172 742e f GRUB to start.\n-0001dad0: 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 7772 6974 . It is writ\n-0001dae0: 7465 6e20 746f 2061 206d 6173 7465 7220 ten to a master \n-0001daf0: 626f 6f74 2072 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 boot record (MBR\n-0001db00: 2920 6f72 2074 6f20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 ) or to the boot\n-0001db10: 2073 6563 746f 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 sector. of \n-0001db20: 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4265 a partition. Be\n-0001db30: 6361 7573 6520 6120 5043 2062 6f6f 7420 cause a PC boot \n-0001db40: 7365 6374 6f72 2069 7320 3531 3220 6279 sector is 512 by\n-0001db50: 7465 732c 2074 6865 2073 697a 6520 6f66 tes, the size of\n-0001db60: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 . this image\n-0001db70: 2069 7320 6578 6163 746c 7920 3531 3220 is exactly 512 \n-0001db80: 6279 7465 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 bytes... The\n-0001db90: 2073 6f6c 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206f sole function o\n-0001dba0: 6620 e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 f ...boot.img...\n-0001dbb0: 2069 7320 746f 2072 6561 6420 7468 6520 is to read the \n-0001dbc0: 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 first sector of \n-0001dbd0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6520 696d the. core im\n-0001dbe0: 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 206c 6f63 616c age from a local\n-0001dbf0: 2064 6973 6b20 616e 6420 6a75 6d70 2074 disk and jump t\n-0001dc00: 6f20 6974 2e20 2042 6563 6175 7365 206f o it. Because o\n-0001dc10: 6620 7468 6520 7369 7a65 0a20 2020 2020 f the size. \n-0001dc20: 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e2c 20e2 8098 restriction, ...\n-0001dc30: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6361 6e6e boot.img... cann\n-0001dc40: 6f74 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 616e ot understand an\n-0001dc50: 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 y file system. \n-0001dc60: 2020 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2c20 736f structure, so\n-0001dc70: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n-0001dc80: e280 9920 6861 7264 636f 6465 7320 7468 ... hardcodes th\n-0001dc90: 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 e location of th\n-0001dca0: 6520 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 2073 6563 e first. sec\n-0001dcb0: 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 tor of the core \n-0001dcc0: 696d 6167 6520 696e 746f 20e2 8098 626f image into ...bo\n-0001dcd0: 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7768 656e 2069 ot.img... when i\n-0001dce0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2e0a nstalling GRUB..\n-0001dcf0: 0ae2 8098 6469 736b 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 ....diskboot.img\n-0001dd00: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d .... This im\n-0001dd10: 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 age is used as t\n-0001dd20: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 he first sector \n-0001dd30: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 of the core imag\n-0001dd40: 6520 7768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 e when. boot\n-0001dd50: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 2068 6172 6420 ing from a hard \n-0001dd60: 6469 736b 2e20 2049 7420 7265 6164 7320 disk. It reads \n-0001dd70: 7468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 the rest of the \n-0001dd80: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e74 6f0a core image into.\n-0001dd90: 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 616e 6420 memory and \n-0001dda0: 7374 6172 7473 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 starts the kerne\n-0001ddb0: 6c2e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 6669 6c65 2073 l. Since file s\n-0001ddc0: 7973 7465 6d20 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2069 ystem handling i\n-0001ddd0: 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2079 6574 2061 s not. yet a\n-0001dde0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2c20 6974 2065 6e63 vailable, it enc\n-0001ddf0: 6f64 6573 2074 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f odes the locatio\n-0001de00: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d n of the core im\n-0001de10: 6167 6520 7573 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 age using a. \n-0001de20: 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 666f 726d block list form\n-0001de30: 6174 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 at......cdboot.i\n-0001de40: 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 mg.... This \n-0001de50: 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 image is used as\n-0001de60: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f the first secto\n-0001de70: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d r of the core im\n-0001de80: 6167 6520 7768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 626f age when. bo\n-0001de90: 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 2043 442d oting from a CD-\n-0001dea0: 524f 4d20 6472 6976 652e 2020 4974 2070 ROM drive. It p\n-0001deb0: 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 7369 6d69 6c61 erforms a simila\n-0001dec0: 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 r function to. \n-0001ded0: 2020 20e2 8098 6469 736b 626f 6f74 2e69 ...diskboot.i\n-0001dee0: 6d67 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9870 7865 626f mg.........pxebo\n-0001def0: 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ot.img.... T\n-0001df00: 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 his image is use\n-0001df10: 6420 6173 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f d as the start o\n-0001df20: 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 f the core image\n-0001df30: 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 when booting fr\n-0001df40: 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6e65 7477 om. the netw\n-0001df50: 6f72 6b20 7573 696e 6720 5058 452e 202a ork using PXE. *\n-0001df60: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-0001df70: 0ae2 8098 6c6e 7862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 ....lnxboot.img.\n-0001df80: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 ... This ima\n-0001df90: 6765 206d 6179 2062 6520 706c 6163 6564 ge may be placed\n-0001dfa0: 2061 7420 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 at the start of\n-0001dfb0: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n-0001dfc0: 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 in order to. \n-0001dfd0: 206d 616b 6520 4752 5542 206c 6f6f 6b20 make GRUB look \n-0001dfe0: 656e 6f75 6768 206c 696b 6520 6120 4c69 enough like a Li\n-0001dff0: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2074 6861 7420 nux kernel that \n-0001e000: 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 it can be booted\n-0001e010: 2062 790a 2020 2020 204c 494c 4f20 7573 by. LILO us\n-0001e020: 696e 6720 616e 20e2 8098 696d 6167 653d ing an ...image=\n-0001e030: e280 9920 7365 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a e280 ... section.....\n-0001e040: 986b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 .kernel.img.... \n-0001e050: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2063 This image c\n-0001e060: 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 4752 5542 2773 2062 ontains GRUB's b\n-0001e070: 6173 6963 2072 756e 2d74 696d 6520 6661 asic run-time fa\n-0001e080: 6369 6c69 7469 6573 3a20 6672 616d 6577 cilities: framew\n-0001e090: 6f72 6b73 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 6465 orks. for de\n-0001e0a0: 7669 6365 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6520 6861 vice and file ha\n-0001e0b0: 6e64 6c69 6e67 2c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d ndling, environm\n-0001e0c0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2074 ent variables, t\n-0001e0d0: 6865 2072 6573 6375 650a 2020 2020 206d he rescue. m\n-0001e0e0: 6f64 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 ode command-line\n-0001e0f0: 2070 6172 7365 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 parser, and so \n-0001e100: 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2072 6172 656c on. It is rarel\n-0001e110: 7920 7573 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c y used directly,\n-0001e120: 0a20 2020 2020 6275 7420 6973 2062 7569 . but is bui\n-0001e130: 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 616c 6c20 636f 7265 lt into all core\n-0001e140: 2069 6d61 6765 732e 0a0a e280 9863 6f72 images......cor\n-0001e150: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 e.img.... Th\n-0001e160: 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 is is the core i\n-0001e170: 6d61 6765 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 4974 mage of GRUB. It\n-0001e180: 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 6479 6e61 6d69 is built dynami\n-0001e190: 6361 6c6c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 cally from the. \n-0001e1a0: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 kernel image\n-0001e1b0: 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 and an arbitrar\n-0001e1c0: 7920 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6d6f 6475 6c65 y list of module\n-0001e1d0: 7320 6279 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 s by the ...grub\n-0001e1e0: 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 990a 2020 2020 -mkimage.... \n-0001e1f0: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2e20 2055 7375 616c program. Usual\n-0001e200: 6c79 2c20 6974 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 ly, it contains \n-0001e210: 656e 6f75 6768 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 enough modules t\n-0001e220: 6f20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 e280 o access. ..\n-0001e230: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 ./boot/grub..., \n-0001e240: 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 7320 6576 6572 7974 and loads everyt\n-0001e250: 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 2869 6e63 6c75 hing else (inclu\n-0001e260: 6469 6e67 206d 656e 7520 6861 6e64 6c69 ding menu handli\n-0001e270: 6e67 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2061 6269 ng,. the abi\n-0001e280: 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2074 6172 lity to load tar\n-0001e290: 6765 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 get operating sy\n-0001e2a0: 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e stems, and so on\n-0001e2b0: 2920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ) from the. \n-0001e2c0: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 2072 file system at r\n-0001e2d0: 756e 2d74 696d 652e 2020 5468 6520 6d6f un-time. The mo\n-0001e2e0: 6475 6c61 7220 6465 7369 676e 2061 6c6c dular design all\n-0001e2f0: 6f77 7320 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 ows the core ima\n-0001e300: 6765 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2062 6520 6b65 ge. to be ke\n-0001e310: 7074 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 pt small, since \n-0001e320: 7468 6520 6172 6561 7320 6f66 2064 6973 the areas of dis\n-0001e330: 6b20 7768 6572 6520 6974 206d 7573 7420 k where it must \n-0001e340: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 be. installe\n-0001e350: 6420 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6173 2073 d are often as s\n-0001e360: 6d61 6c6c 2061 7320 3332 4b42 2e0a 0a20 mall as 32KB... \n-0001e370: 2020 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 *Note BIOS i\n-0001e380: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2c 2066 nstallation::, f\n-0001e390: 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c73 206f 6e20 7768 or details on wh\n-0001e3a0: 6572 6520 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 ere the core ima\n-0001e3b0: 6765 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2069 ge can. be i\n-0001e3c0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206f 6e20 5043 2073 nstalled on PC s\n-0001e3d0: 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2a2e 6d6f ystems......*.mo\n-0001e3e0: 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4576 6572 7974 d.... Everyt\n-0001e3f0: 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 696e 2047 5255 hing else in GRU\n-0001e400: 4220 7265 7369 6465 7320 696e 2064 796e B resides in dyn\n-0001e410: 616d 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6461 626c amically loadabl\n-0001e420: 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 e modules.. \n-0001e430: 5468 6573 6520 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 These are often \n-0001e440: 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 loaded automatic\n-0001e450: 616c 6c79 2c20 6f72 2062 7569 6c74 2069 ally, or built i\n-0001e460: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 nto the core ima\n-0001e470: 6765 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2074 6865 7920 ge. if they \n-0001e480: 6172 6520 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2c 2062 are essential, b\n-0001e490: 7574 206d 6179 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 206c ut may also be l\n-0001e4a0: 6f61 6465 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2075 oaded manually u\n-0001e4b0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 sing the. ..\n-0001e4c0: 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 .insmod... comma\n-0001e4d0: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 nd (*note insmod\n-0001e4e0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 466f 7220 4752 5542 204c ::)...For GRUB L\n-0001e4f0: 6567 6163 7920 7573 6572 730a 3d3d 3d3d egacy users.====\n+0001d1f0: 2a2a 0a0a 536f 6d65 206c 6170 746f 7020 **..Some laptop \n+0001d200: 7665 6e64 6f72 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6520 vendors provide \n+0001d210: 616e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 706f an additional po\n+0001d220: 7765 722d 6f6e 2062 7574 746f 6e20 7768 wer-on button wh\n+0001d230: 6963 6820 626f 6f74 730a 616e 6f74 6865 ich boots.anothe\n+0001d240: 7220 4f53 2e20 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f r OS. GRUB suppo\n+0001d250: 7274 7320 7375 6368 2062 7574 746f 6e73 rts such buttons\n+0001d260: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 9847 5255 with the ...GRU\n+0001d270: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 5454 4f4e B_TIMEOUT_BUTTON\n+0001d280: e280 992c 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d ...,....GRUB_TIM\n+0001d290: 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f EOUT_STYLE_BUTTO\n+0001d2a0: 4ee2 8099 2c20 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 N..., ...GRUB_DE\n+0001d2b0: 4641 554c 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c FAULT_BUTTON...,\n+0001d2c0: 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 and....GRUB_BUT\n+0001d2d0: 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 TON_CMOS_ADDRESS\n+0001d2e0: e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e ... variables in\n+0001d2f0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 6220 282a default/grub (*\n+0001d300: 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 note Simple.conf\n+0001d310: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e20 20e2 iguration::). .\n+0001d320: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_B\n+0001d330: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 e280 9847 5255 UTTON..., ...GRU\n+0001d340: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 455f B_TIMEOUT_STYLE_\n+0001d350: 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 0a61 6e64 20e2 BUTTON...,.and .\n+0001d360: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 ..GRUB_DEFAULT_B\n+0001d370: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2061 7265 2075 7365 UTTON... are use\n+0001d380: 6420 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2074 6865 d instead of the\n+0001d390: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 0a76 corresponding.v\n+0001d3a0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 ariables without\n+0001d3b0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 the ..._BUTTON.\n+0001d3c0: 8099 2073 7566 6669 7820 7768 656e 2070 .. suffix when p\n+0001d3d0: 6f77 6572 6564 206f 6e20 7573 696e 6720 owered on using \n+0001d3e0: 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c0a 6275 7474 the special.butt\n+0001d3f0: 6f6e 2e20 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 on. ...GRUB_BUT\n+0001d400: 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 TON_CMOS_ADDRESS\n+0001d410: e280 9920 6973 2076 656e 646f 722d 7370 ... is vendor-sp\n+0001d420: 6563 6966 6963 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 ecific and parti\n+0001d430: 616c 6c79 0a6d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 ally.model-speci\n+0001d440: 6669 632e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 206b 6e6f fic. Values kno\n+0001d450: 776e 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2074 wn to the GRUB t\n+0001d460: 6561 6d20 6172 653a 0a0a 3c44 656c 6c20 eam are:... \n+0001d480: 2031 3231 3a33 0a3c 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 121:3.. 85:\n+0001d4a0: 330a 3c44 656c 6c20 4c61 7469 7475 6465 3.. 85:\n+0001d4c0: 330a 3c41 7375 7320 4565 6550 4320 3130 3.. 84:1 \n+0001d4e0: 2875 6e63 6f6e 6669 726d 6564 290a 3c4c (unconfirmed)..\n+0001d510: 2020 2020 2031 3031 3a33 0a0a 2020 2054 101:3.. T\n+0001d520: 6f20 7461 6b65 2066 756c 6c20 6164 7661 o take full adva\n+0001d530: 6e74 6167 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6675 ntage of this fu\n+0001d540: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 nction, install \n+0001d550: 4752 5542 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 4d42 GRUB into the MB\n+0001d560: 520a 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c R.(*note Install\n+0001d570: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 ing GRUB using g\n+0001d580: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a rub-install::)..\n+0001d590: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 . If you have \n+0001d5a0: 6120 6c61 7074 6f70 2077 6869 6368 2068 a laptop which h\n+0001d5b0: 6173 2061 2073 696d 696c 6172 2066 6561 as a similar fea\n+0001d5c0: 7475 7265 2061 6e64 206e 6f74 2069 6e20 ture and not in \n+0001d5d0: 7468 6520 6162 6f76 650a 6c69 7374 2063 the above.list c\n+0001d5e0: 6f75 6c64 2079 6f75 2066 6967 7572 6520 ould you figure \n+0001d5f0: 796f 7572 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 your address and\n+0001d600: 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 653f 2020 546f contribute? To\n+0001d610: 2064 6973 636f 7665 7220 7468 650a 6164 discover the.ad\n+0001d620: 6472 6573 7320 646f 2074 6865 2066 6f6c dress do the fol\n+0001d630: 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 lowing:. ... b\n+0001d640: 6f6f 7420 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 oot normally. \n+0001d650: e280 a220 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6d6f ... sudo mo\n+0001d660: 6470 726f 6265 206e 7672 616d 0a20 2020 dprobe nvram. \n+0001d670: 2020 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6361 7420 sudo cat \n+0001d680: 2f64 6576 2f6e 7672 616d 207c 2078 7864 /dev/nvram | xxd\n+0001d690: 203e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6275 7474 6f6e > normal_button\n+0001d6a0: 2e74 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626f 6f74 .txt. ... boot\n+0001d6b0: 2075 7369 6e67 2076 656e 646f 7220 6275 using vendor bu\n+0001d6c0: 7474 6f6e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 2020 2020 tton. ... \n+0001d6d0: 2073 7564 6f20 6d6f 6470 726f 6265 206e sudo modprobe n\n+0001d6e0: 7672 616d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 vram. s\n+0001d6f0: 7564 6f20 6361 7420 2f64 6576 2f6e 7672 udo cat /dev/nvr\n+0001d700: 616d 207c 2078 7864 203e 206e 6f72 6d61 am | xxd > norma\n+0001d710: 6c5f 7665 6e64 6f72 2e74 7874 0a0a 2020 l_vendor.txt.. \n+0001d720: 2054 6865 6e20 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 Then compare th\n+0001d730: 6573 6520 7465 7874 2066 696c 6573 2061 ese text files a\n+0001d740: 6e64 2066 696e 6420 7768 6572 6520 6120 nd find where a \n+0001d750: 6269 7420 7761 7320 746f 6767 6c65 642e bit was toggled.\n+0001d760: 2020 452e 672e 0a69 6e20 6361 7365 206f E.g..in case o\n+0001d770: 6620 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 2069 7420 7761 f Dell XPS it wa\n+0001d780: 733a 0a20 2020 2020 6279 7465 2030 7834 s:. byte 0x4\n+0001d790: 373a 2032 3020 2d2d 3e20 3238 0a20 2020 7: 20 --> 28. \n+0001d7a0: 4974 2773 2061 2062 6974 206e 756d 6265 It's a bit numbe\n+0001d7b0: 7220 3320 6173 2073 6565 6e20 6672 6f6d r 3 as seen from\n+0001d7c0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 following table\n+0001d7d0: 3a0a 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :.0 \n+0001d7e0: 2030 310a 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 01.1 \n+0001d7f0: 2020 2030 320a 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 02.2 \n+0001d800: 2020 2020 2030 340a 3320 2020 2020 2020 04.3 \n+0001d810: 2020 2020 2020 2030 380a 3420 2020 2020 08.4 \n+0001d820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 300a 3520 2020 10.5 \n+0001d830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2032 300a 3620 20.6 \n+0001d840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2034 300a 40.\n+0001d850: 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 7 8\n+0001d860: 300a 0a20 2020 3078 3437 2069 7320 6465 0.. 0x47 is de\n+0001d870: 6369 6d61 6c20 3731 2e20 204c 696e 7578 cimal 71. Linux\n+0001d880: 206e 7672 616d 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 nvram implement\n+0001d890: 6174 696f 6e20 6375 7473 2066 6972 7374 ation cuts first\n+0001d8a0: 2031 3420 6279 7465 730a 6f66 2043 4d4f 14 bytes.of CMO\n+0001d8b0: 532e 2053 6f20 7468 6520 7265 616c 2062 S. So the real b\n+0001d8c0: 7974 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 696e 2043 yte address in C\n+0001d8d0: 4d4f 5320 6973 2037 312b 3134 3d38 3520 MOS is 71+14=85 \n+0001d8e0: 536f 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 650a 6164 6472 So complete.addr\n+0001d8f0: 6573 7320 6973 2038 353a 330a 0a1f 0a46 ess is 85:3....F\n+0001d900: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0001d910: 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6d61 6765 732c 2020 Node: Images, \n+0001d920: 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 Next: Core image\n+0001d930: 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e size limitation\n+0001d940: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2056 656e 646f 7220 , Prev: Vendor \n+0001d950: 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 power-on keys, \n+0001d960: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3120 4752 5542 Up: Top..11 GRUB\n+0001d970: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2a2a image files.***\n+0001d980: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0001d990: 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 7320 ..GRUB consists \n+0001d9a0: 6f66 2073 6576 6572 616c 2069 6d61 6765 of several image\n+0001d9b0: 733a 2061 2076 6172 6965 7479 206f 6620 s: a variety of \n+0001d9c0: 626f 6f74 7374 7261 7020 696d 6167 6573 bootstrap images\n+0001d9d0: 2066 6f72 0a73 7461 7274 696e 6720 4752 for.starting GR\n+0001d9e0: 5542 2069 6e20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7761 UB in various wa\n+0001d9f0: 7973 2c20 6120 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 ys, a kernel ima\n+0001da00: 6765 2c20 616e 6420 6120 7365 7420 6f66 ge, and a set of\n+0001da10: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 0a77 6869 6368 2061 modules.which a\n+0001da20: 7265 2063 6f6d 6269 6e65 6420 7769 7468 re combined with\n+0001da30: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 the kernel imag\n+0001da40: 6520 746f 2066 6f72 6d20 6120 636f 7265 e to form a core\n+0001da50: 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2048 6572 6520 6973 image. Here is\n+0001da60: 0a61 2073 686f 7274 206f 7665 7276 6965 .a short overvie\n+0001da70: 7720 6f66 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a e280 9862 w of them......b\n+0001da80: 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 oot.img.... \n+0001da90: 4f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 On PC BIOS syste\n+0001daa0: 6d73 2c20 7468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 ms, this image i\n+0001dab0: 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 s the first part\n+0001dac0: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7374 6172 of GRUB to star\n+0001dad0: 742e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 7772 t.. It is wr\n+0001dae0: 6974 7465 6e20 746f 2061 206d 6173 7465 itten to a maste\n+0001daf0: 7220 626f 6f74 2072 6563 6f72 6420 284d r boot record (M\n+0001db00: 4252 2920 6f72 2074 6f20 7468 6520 626f BR) or to the bo\n+0001db10: 6f74 2073 6563 746f 720a 2020 2020 206f ot sector. o\n+0001db20: 6620 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 f a partition. \n+0001db30: 4265 6361 7573 6520 6120 5043 2062 6f6f Because a PC boo\n+0001db40: 7420 7365 6374 6f72 2069 7320 3531 3220 t sector is 512 \n+0001db50: 6279 7465 732c 2074 6865 2073 697a 6520 bytes, the size \n+0001db60: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6973 2069 6d61 of. this ima\n+0001db70: 6765 2069 7320 6578 6163 746c 7920 3531 ge is exactly 51\n+0001db80: 3220 6279 7465 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 2 bytes... T\n+0001db90: 6865 2073 6f6c 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e he sole function\n+0001dba0: 206f 6620 e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 of ...boot.img.\n+0001dbb0: 8099 2069 7320 746f 2072 6561 6420 7468 .. is to read th\n+0001dbc0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f e first sector o\n+0001dbd0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6520 f the. core \n+0001dbe0: 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 206c 6f63 image from a loc\n+0001dbf0: 616c 2064 6973 6b20 616e 6420 6a75 6d70 al disk and jump\n+0001dc00: 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 2042 6563 6175 7365 to it. Because\n+0001dc10: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7369 7a65 0a20 2020 of the size. \n+0001dc20: 2020 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e2c 20e2 restriction, .\n+0001dc30: 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6361 ..boot.img... ca\n+0001dc40: 6e6e 6f74 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 nnot understand \n+0001dc50: 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a any file system.\n+0001dc60: 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2c20 structure, \n+0001dc70: 736f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 so ...grub-insta\n+0001dc80: 6c6c e280 9920 6861 7264 636f 6465 7320 ll... hardcodes \n+0001dc90: 7468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 the location of \n+0001dca0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 2073 the first. s\n+0001dcb0: 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 ector of the cor\n+0001dcc0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 696e 746f 20e2 8098 e image into ...\n+0001dcd0: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7768 656e boot.img... when\n+0001dce0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 installing GRUB\n+0001dcf0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6469 736b 626f 6f74 2e69 ......diskboot.i\n+0001dd00: 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 mg.... This \n+0001dd10: 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 image is used as\n+0001dd20: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f the first secto\n+0001dd30: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d r of the core im\n+0001dd40: 6167 6520 7768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 626f age when. bo\n+0001dd50: 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 2068 6172 oting from a har\n+0001dd60: 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 7420 7265 6164 d disk. It read\n+0001dd70: 7320 7468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 s the rest of th\n+0001dd80: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e74 e core image int\n+0001dd90: 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 616e o. memory an\n+0001dda0: 6420 7374 6172 7473 2074 6865 206b 6572 d starts the ker\n+0001ddb0: 6e65 6c2e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 6669 6c65 nel. Since file\n+0001ddc0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 system handling\n+0001ddd0: 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2079 6574 is not. yet\n+0001dde0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2c20 6974 2065 available, it e\n+0001ddf0: 6e63 6f64 6573 2074 6865 206c 6f63 6174 ncodes the locat\n+0001de00: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 ion of the core \n+0001de10: 696d 6167 6520 7573 696e 6720 610a 2020 image using a. \n+0001de20: 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 666f block list fo\n+0001de30: 726d 6174 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 rmat......cdboot\n+0001de40: 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 .img.... Thi\n+0001de50: 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 s image is used \n+0001de60: 6173 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 as the first sec\n+0001de70: 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 tor of the core \n+0001de80: 696d 6167 6520 7768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 image when. \n+0001de90: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 2043 booting from a C\n+0001dea0: 442d 524f 4d20 6472 6976 652e 2020 4974 D-ROM drive. It\n+0001deb0: 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 7369 6d69 performs a simi\n+0001dec0: 6c61 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a lar function to.\n+0001ded0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6469 736b 626f 6f74 ...diskboot\n+0001dee0: 2e69 6d67 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9870 7865 .img.........pxe\n+0001def0: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 boot.img.... \n+0001df00: 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 This image is u\n+0001df10: 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 sed as the start\n+0001df20: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 of the core ima\n+0001df30: 6765 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 ge when booting \n+0001df40: 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6e65 from. the ne\n+0001df50: 7477 6f72 6b20 7573 696e 6720 5058 452e twork using PXE.\n+0001df60: 202a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a *Note Network::\n+0001df70: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6c6e 7862 6f6f 742e 696d ......lnxboot.im\n+0001df80: 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 g.... This i\n+0001df90: 6d61 6765 206d 6179 2062 6520 706c 6163 mage may be plac\n+0001dfa0: 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 ed at the start \n+0001dfb0: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 of the core imag\n+0001dfc0: 6520 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f0a 2020 e in order to. \n+0001dfd0: 2020 206d 616b 6520 4752 5542 206c 6f6f make GRUB loo\n+0001dfe0: 6b20 656e 6f75 6768 206c 696b 6520 6120 k enough like a \n+0001dff0: 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2074 6861 Linux kernel tha\n+0001e000: 7420 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 626f 6f74 t it can be boot\n+0001e010: 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 204c 494c 4f20 ed by. LILO \n+0001e020: 7573 696e 6720 616e 20e2 8098 696d 6167 using an ...imag\n+0001e030: 653d e280 9920 7365 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a e=... section...\n+0001e040: e280 986b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 67e2 8099 ...kernel.img...\n+0001e050: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 . This image\n+0001e060: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 4752 5542 2773 contains GRUB's\n+0001e070: 2062 6173 6963 2072 756e 2d74 696d 6520 basic run-time \n+0001e080: 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 3a20 6672 616d facilities: fram\n+0001e090: 6577 6f72 6b73 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 eworks. for \n+0001e0a0: 6465 7669 6365 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6520 device and file \n+0001e0b0: 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2c20 656e 7669 726f handling, enviro\n+0001e0c0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c nment variables,\n+0001e0d0: 2074 6865 2072 6573 6375 650a 2020 2020 the rescue. \n+0001e0e0: 206d 6f64 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 mode command-li\n+0001e0f0: 6e65 2070 6172 7365 722c 2061 6e64 2073 ne parser, and s\n+0001e100: 6f20 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2072 6172 o on. It is rar\n+0001e110: 656c 7920 7573 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c ely used directl\n+0001e120: 792c 0a20 2020 2020 6275 7420 6973 2062 y,. but is b\n+0001e130: 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 616c 6c20 636f uilt into all co\n+0001e140: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 732e 0a0a e280 9863 re images......c\n+0001e150: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ore.img.... \n+0001e160: 5468 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 636f 7265 This is the core\n+0001e170: 2069 6d61 6765 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 image of GRUB. \n+0001e180: 4974 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 6479 6e61 It is built dyna\n+0001e190: 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 mically from the\n+0001e1a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 . kernel ima\n+0001e1b0: 6765 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 ge and an arbitr\n+0001e1c0: 6172 7920 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6d6f 6475 ary list of modu\n+0001e1d0: 6c65 7320 6279 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 les by the ...gr\n+0001e1e0: 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 990a 2020 ub-mkimage.... \n+0001e1f0: 2020 2070 726f 6772 616d 2e20 2055 7375 program. Usu\n+0001e200: 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 2063 6f6e 7461 696e ally, it contain\n+0001e210: 7320 656e 6f75 6768 206d 6f64 756c 6573 s enough modules\n+0001e220: 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 to access. \n+0001e230: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 .../boot/grub...\n+0001e240: 2c20 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 7320 6576 6572 , and loads ever\n+0001e250: 7974 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 2869 6e63 ything else (inc\n+0001e260: 6c75 6469 6e67 206d 656e 7520 6861 6e64 luding menu hand\n+0001e270: 6c69 6e67 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2061 ling,. the a\n+0001e280: 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2074 bility to load t\n+0001e290: 6172 6765 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 arget operating \n+0001e2a0: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 systems, and so \n+0001e2b0: 6f6e 2920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 on) from the. \n+0001e2c0: 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 file system at\n+0001e2d0: 2072 756e 2d74 696d 652e 2020 5468 6520 run-time. The \n+0001e2e0: 6d6f 6475 6c61 7220 6465 7369 676e 2061 modular design a\n+0001e2f0: 6c6c 6f77 7320 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 llows the core i\n+0001e300: 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2062 6520 mage. to be \n+0001e310: 6b65 7074 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 7369 6e63 kept small, sinc\n+0001e320: 6520 7468 6520 6172 6561 7320 6f66 2064 e the areas of d\n+0001e330: 6973 6b20 7768 6572 6520 6974 206d 7573 isk where it mus\n+0001e340: 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 616c t be. instal\n+0001e350: 6c65 6420 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6173 led are often as\n+0001e360: 2073 6d61 6c6c 2061 7320 3332 4b42 2e0a small as 32KB..\n+0001e370: 0a20 2020 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 . *Note BIOS\n+0001e380: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2c installation::,\n+0001e390: 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c73 206f 6e20 for details on \n+0001e3a0: 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 where the core i\n+0001e3b0: 6d61 6765 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 mage can. be\n+0001e3c0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206f 6e20 5043 installed on PC\n+0001e3d0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2a2e systems......*.\n+0001e3e0: 6d6f 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4576 6572 mod.... Ever\n+0001e3f0: 7974 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 696e 2047 ything else in G\n+0001e400: 5255 4220 7265 7369 6465 7320 696e 2064 RUB resides in d\n+0001e410: 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6461 ynamically loada\n+0001e420: 626c 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 ble modules.. \n+0001e430: 2020 5468 6573 6520 6172 6520 6f66 7465 These are ofte\n+0001e440: 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 n loaded automat\n+0001e450: 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 6f72 2062 7569 6c74 ically, or built\n+0001e460: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 into the core i\n+0001e470: 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2074 6865 mage. if the\n+0001e480: 7920 6172 6520 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2c y are essential,\n+0001e490: 2062 7574 206d 6179 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 but may also be\n+0001e4a0: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 loaded manually\n+0001e4b0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 using the. \n+0001e4c0: e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d ...insmod... com\n+0001e4d0: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d mand (*note insm\n+0001e4e0: 6f64 3a3a 292e 0a0a 466f 7220 4752 5542 od::)...For GRUB\n+0001e4f0: 204c 6567 6163 7920 7573 6572 730a 3d3d Legacy users.==\n 0001e500: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0001e510: 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6861 7320 6120 =..GRUB 2 has a \n-0001e520: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6465 7369 676e different design\n-0001e530: 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 from GRUB Legac\n-0001e540: 792c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 636f 7272 6573 y, and so corres\n-0001e550: 706f 6e64 656e 6365 730a 7769 7468 2074 pondences.with t\n-0001e560: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6974 2075 7365 he images it use\n-0001e570: 6420 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6578 6163 d cannot be exac\n-0001e580: 742e 2020 4e65 7665 7274 6865 6c65 7373 t. Nevertheless\n-0001e590: 2c20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 790a 7573 , GRUB Legacy.us\n-0001e5a0: 6572 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 6173 6b20 7175 ers often ask qu\n-0001e5b0: 6573 7469 6f6e 7320 696e 2074 6865 2074 estions in the t\n-0001e5c0: 6572 6d73 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6661 erms they are fa\n-0001e5d0: 6d69 6c69 6172 2077 6974 682c 2061 6e64 miliar with, and\n-0001e5e0: 2073 6f0a 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 6272 so.here is a br\n-0001e5f0: 6965 6620 6775 6964 6520 746f 2068 6f77 ief guide to how\n-0001e600: 2047 5255 4220 3227 7320 696d 6167 6573 GRUB 2's images\n-0001e610: 2072 656c 6174 6520 746f 2074 6861 742e relate to that.\n-0001e620: 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 31e2 8099 0a20 .....stage1.... \n-0001e630: 2020 2020 5374 6167 6520 3120 6672 6f6d Stage 1 from\n-0001e640: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2077 6173 GRUB Legacy was\n-0001e650: 2076 6572 7920 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f very similar to\n-0001e660: 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ...boot.img... \n-0001e670: 696e 2047 5255 4220 322c 0a20 2020 2020 in GRUB 2,. \n-0001e680: 616e 6420 7468 6579 2073 6572 7665 2074 and they serve t\n-0001e690: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e he same function\n-0001e6a0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2a5f 7374 6167 6531 5f35 ......*_stage1_5\n-0001e6b0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 .... In GRUB\n-0001e6c0: 204c 6567 6163 792c 2053 7461 6765 2031 Legacy, Stage 1\n-0001e6d0: 2e35 2773 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7761 .5's function wa\n-0001e6e0: 7320 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2065 6e6f s to include eno\n-0001e6f0: 7567 680a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 ugh. filesys\n-0001e700: 7465 6d20 636f 6465 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f tem code to allo\n-0001e710: 7720 7468 6520 6d75 6368 206c 6172 6765 w the much large\n-0001e720: 7220 5374 6167 6520 3220 746f 2062 6520 r Stage 2 to be \n-0001e730: 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 616e 0a20 2020 read from an. \n-0001e740: 2020 6f72 6469 6e61 7279 2066 696c 6573 ordinary files\n-0001e750: 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 ystem. In this \n-0001e760: 7265 7370 6563 742c 2069 7473 2066 756e respect, its fun\n-0001e770: 6374 696f 6e20 7761 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 ction was simila\n-0001e780: 7220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f72 r to. ...cor\n-0001e790: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 4752 5542 e.img... in GRUB\n-0001e7a0: 2032 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 e280 2. However, ..\n-0001e7b0: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 .core.img... is \n-0001e7c0: 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 6361 7061 626c much more capabl\n-0001e7d0: 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 6e20 5374 6167 e. than Stag\n-0001e7e0: 6520 312e 3520 7761 733b 2073 696e 6365 e 1.5 was; since\n-0001e7f0: 2069 7420 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 it offers a res\n-0001e800: 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2069 7420 6973 cue shell, it is\n-0001e810: 2073 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 0a20 2020 2020 sometimes. \n-0001e820: 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 636f possible to reco\n-0001e830: 7665 7220 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 6e20 ver manually in \n-0001e840: 7468 6520 6576 656e 7420 7468 6174 2069 the event that i\n-0001e850: 7420 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f 206c t is unable to l\n-0001e860: 6f61 640a 2020 2020 2061 6e79 206f 7468 oad. any oth\n-0001e870: 6572 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 666f 7220 er modules, for \n-0001e880: 6578 616d 706c 6520 6966 2070 6172 7469 example if parti\n-0001e890: 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 2068 6176 tion numbers hav\n-0001e8a0: 6520 6368 616e 6765 642e 0a20 2020 2020 e changed.. \n-0001e8b0: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 ...core.img... i\n-0001e8c0: 7320 6275 696c 7420 696e 2061 206d 6f72 s built in a mor\n-0001e8d0: 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2077 6179 2c20 e flexible way, \n-0001e8e0: 616c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2047 5255 4220 3220 allowing GRUB 2 \n-0001e8f0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7420 to. support \n-0001e900: 7265 6164 696e 6720 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 reading modules \n-0001e910: 6672 6f6d 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 6469 from advanced di\n-0001e920: 736b 2074 7970 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 sk types such as\n-0001e930: 204c 564d 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 5241 LVM and. RA\n-0001e940: 4944 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 204c ID... GRUB L\n-0001e950: 6567 6163 7920 636f 756c 6420 7275 6e20 egacy could run \n-0001e960: 7769 7468 206f 6e6c 7920 5374 6167 6520 with only Stage \n-0001e970: 3120 616e 6420 5374 6167 6520 3220 696e 1 and Stage 2 in\n-0001e980: 2073 6f6d 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 640a 2020 some limited. \n-0001e990: 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e configuration\n-0001e9a0: 732c 2077 6869 6c65 2047 5255 4220 3220 s, while GRUB 2 \n-0001e9b0: 7265 7175 6972 6573 20e2 8098 636f 7265 requires ...core\n-0001e9c0: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 6361 6e6e .img... and cann\n-0001e9d0: 6f74 2077 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 ot work. wit\n-0001e9e0: 686f 7574 2069 742e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 hout it......sta\n-0001e9f0: 6765 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 ge2.... GRUB\n-0001ea00: 2032 2068 6173 206e 6f20 7369 6e67 6c65 2 has no single\n-0001ea10: 2053 7461 6765 2032 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 Stage 2 image. \n-0001ea20: 2049 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 6974 206c 6f61 Instead, it loa\n-0001ea30: 6473 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2066 726f 6d0a ds modules from.\n-0001ea40: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 .../boot/gr\n-0001ea50: 7562 e280 9920 6174 2072 756e 2d74 696d ub... at run-tim\n-0001ea60: 652e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 325f 656c e......stage2_el\n-0001ea70: 746f 7269 746f e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 torito.... I\n-0001ea80: 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 696d 6167 6573 n GRUB 2, images\n-0001ea90: 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f for booting fro\n-0001eaa0: 6d20 4344 2d52 4f4d 2064 7269 7665 7320 m CD-ROM drives \n-0001eab0: 6172 6520 6e6f 770a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e are now. con\n-0001eac0: 7374 7275 6374 6564 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 structed using .\n-0001ead0: 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ..cdboot.img... \n-0001eae0: 616e 6420 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 and ...core.img.\n-0001eaf0: 8099 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 2073 7572 6520 .., making sure \n-0001eb00: 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f that the. co\n-0001eb10: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2063 6f6e 7461 696e re image contain\n-0001eb20: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9869 736f 3936 3630 s the ...iso9660\n-0001eb30: e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2049 7420 ... module. It \n-0001eb40: 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2062 6573 7420 is usually best \n-0001eb50: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 7468 6520 to. use the \n-0001eb60: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 ...grub-mkrescue\n-0001eb70: e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 666f 7220 ... program for \n-0001eb80: 7468 6973 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e62 6772 7562 this......nbgrub\n-0001eb90: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 7265 2069 .... There i\n-0001eba0: 7320 6173 2079 6574 206e 6f20 6571 7569 s as yet no equi\n-0001ebb0: 7661 6c65 6e74 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6e62 valent for ...nb\n-0001ebc0: 6772 7562 e280 9920 696e 2047 5255 4220 grub... in GRUB \n-0001ebd0: 323b 2069 7420 7761 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2; it was used. \n-0001ebe0: 2020 2020 6279 2045 7468 6572 626f 6f74 by Etherboot\n-0001ebf0: 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f74 6865 7220 and some other \n-0001ec00: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 network boot loa\n-0001ec10: 6465 7273 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7078 6567 7275 ders......pxegru\n-0001ec20: 62e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 5255 b.... In GRU\n-0001ec30: 4220 322c 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 B 2, images for \n-0001ec40: 5058 4520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 PXE network boot\n-0001ec50: 696e 6720 6172 6520 6e6f 7720 636f 6e73 ing are now cons\n-0001ec60: 7472 7563 7465 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 tructed using. \n-0001ec70: 2020 20e2 8098 7078 6562 6f6f 742e 696d ...pxeboot.im\n-0001ec80: 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 636f 7265 g... and ...core\n-0001ec90: 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 206d 616b 696e 6720 .img..., making \n-0001eca0: 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 636f sure that the co\n-0001ecb0: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 636f re image. co\n-0001ecc0: 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7078 ntains the ...px\n-0001ecd0: 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7078 6563 e... and ...pxec\n-0001ece0: 6d64 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 2020 md... modules. \n-0001ecf0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n-0001ed00: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0001ed10: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 7265 nfo, Node: Core\n-0001ed20: 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 image size limi\n-0001ed30: 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 tation, Next: F\n-0001ed40: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 ilesystem, Prev\n-0001ed50: 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 : Images, Up: T\n-0001ed60: 6f70 0a0a 3132 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 op..12 Core imag\n-0001ed70: 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f e size limitatio\n-0001ed80: 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a n.**************\n-0001ed90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-0001eda0: 0a48 6561 7669 6c79 206c 696d 6974 6564 .Heavily limited\n-0001edb0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 3a0a 2020 20e2 platforms:. .\n-0001edc0: 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 2028 6e6f 726d .. i386-pc (norm\n-0001edd0: 616c 2061 6e64 2050 5845 293a 2074 6865 al and PXE): the\n-0001ede0: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 core image size\n-0001edf0: 2028 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 (compressed) is\n-0001ee00: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 . limited by\n-0001ee10: 2034 3538 3234 3020 6279 7465 732e 2020 458240 bytes. \n-0001ee20: 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 kernel.img (.tex\n-0001ee30: 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 t + .data + .bss\n-0001ee40: 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 ,. uncompres\n-0001ee50: 7365 6429 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 sed) is limited \n-0001ee60: 6279 2033 3932 3730 3420 6279 7465 732e by 392704 bytes.\n-0001ee70: 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 697a 650a 2020 module size. \n-0001ee80: 2020 2028 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 (uncompressed\n-0001ee90: 2920 2b20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 ) + kernel.img (\n-0001eea0: 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 612c 2075 .text + .data, u\n-0001eeb0: 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 730a ncompressed) is.\n-0001eec0: 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 limited by \n-0001eed0: 7468 6520 7369 7a65 206f 6620 636f 6e74 the size of cont\n-0001eee0: 6967 756f 7573 2063 6875 6e6b 2061 7420 iguous chunk at \n-0001eef0: 314d 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e0a 2020 20e2 1M address.. .\n-0001ef00: 80a2 2073 7061 7263 3634 2d69 6565 6531 .. sparc64-ieee1\n-0001ef10: 3237 353a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 275: kernel.img \n-0001ef20: 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b (.text + .data +\n-0001ef30: 202e 6273 7329 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 .bss) + modules\n-0001ef40: 202b 0a20 2020 2020 3235 364b 2028 7374 +. 256K (st\n-0001ef50: 6163 6b29 202b 2032 4d20 2868 6561 7029 ack) + 2M (heap)\n-0001ef60: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2073 is limited by s\n-0001ef70: 7061 6365 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 pace available a\n-0001ef80: 7420 3078 3434 3030 2e0a 2020 2020 204f t 0x4400.. 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Neverthele\n+0001e590: 7373 2c20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 790a ss, GRUB Legacy.\n+0001e5a0: 7573 6572 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 6173 6b20 users often ask \n+0001e5b0: 7175 6573 7469 6f6e 7320 696e 2074 6865 questions in the\n+0001e5c0: 2074 6572 6d73 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 terms they are \n+0001e5d0: 6661 6d69 6c69 6172 2077 6974 682c 2061 familiar with, a\n+0001e5e0: 6e64 2073 6f0a 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 nd so.here is a \n+0001e5f0: 6272 6965 6620 6775 6964 6520 746f 2068 brief guide to h\n+0001e600: 6f77 2047 5255 4220 3227 7320 696d 6167 ow GRUB 2's imag\n+0001e610: 6573 2072 656c 6174 6520 746f 2074 6861 es relate to tha\n+0001e620: 742e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 31e2 8099 t......stage1...\n+0001e630: 0a20 2020 2020 5374 6167 6520 3120 6672 . 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In thi\n+0001e760: 7320 7265 7370 6563 742c 2069 7473 2066 s respect, its f\n+0001e770: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7761 7320 7369 6d69 unction was simi\n+0001e780: 6c61 7220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 lar to. ...c\n+0001e790: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 4752 ore.img... in GR\n+0001e7a0: 5542 2032 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 UB 2. However, \n+0001e7b0: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 ...core.img... i\n+0001e7c0: 7320 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 6361 7061 s much more capa\n+0001e7d0: 626c 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 6e20 5374 ble. than St\n+0001e7e0: 6167 6520 312e 3520 7761 733b 2073 696e age 1.5 was; sin\n+0001e7f0: 6365 2069 7420 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 ce it offers a r\n+0001e800: 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2069 7420 escue shell, it \n+0001e810: 6973 2073 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 0a20 2020 is sometimes. \n+0001e820: 2020 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 possible to re\n+0001e830: 636f 7665 7220 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 cover manually i\n+0001e840: 6e20 7468 6520 6576 656e 7420 7468 6174 n the event that\n+0001e850: 2069 7420 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f it is unable to\n+0001e860: 206c 6f61 640a 2020 2020 2061 6e79 206f load. any o\n+0001e870: 7468 6572 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 666f ther modules, fo\n+0001e880: 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 6966 2070 6172 r example if par\n+0001e890: 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 2068 tition numbers h\n+0001e8a0: 6176 6520 6368 616e 6765 642e 0a20 2020 ave changed.. \n+0001e8b0: 2020 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 ...core.img...\n+0001e8c0: 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 696e 2061 206d is built in a m\n+0001e8d0: 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2077 6179 ore flexible way\n+0001e8e0: 2c20 616c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2047 5255 4220 , allowing GRUB \n+0001e8f0: 3220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 2 to. suppor\n+0001e900: 7420 7265 6164 696e 6720 6d6f 6475 6c65 t reading module\n+0001e910: 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 s from advanced \n+0001e920: 6469 736b 2074 7970 6573 2073 7563 6820 disk types such \n+0001e930: 6173 204c 564d 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 as LVM and. \n+0001e940: 5241 4944 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 RAID... GRUB\n+0001e950: 204c 6567 6163 7920 636f 756c 6420 7275 Legacy could ru\n+0001e960: 6e20 7769 7468 206f 6e6c 7920 5374 6167 n with only Stag\n+0001e970: 6520 3120 616e 6420 5374 6167 6520 3220 e 1 and Stage 2 \n+0001e980: 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 640a in some limited.\n+0001e990: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 configurati\n+0001e9a0: 6f6e 732c 2077 6869 6c65 2047 5255 4220 ons, while GRUB \n+0001e9b0: 3220 7265 7175 6972 6573 20e2 8098 636f 2 requires ...co\n+0001e9c0: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 6361 re.img... and ca\n+0001e9d0: 6e6e 6f74 2077 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2077 nnot work. w\n+0001e9e0: 6974 686f 7574 2069 742e 0a0a e280 9873 ithout it......s\n+0001e9f0: 7461 6765 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4752 tage2.... GR\n+0001ea00: 5542 2032 2068 6173 206e 6f20 7369 6e67 UB 2 has no sing\n+0001ea10: 6c65 2053 7461 6765 2032 2069 6d61 6765 le Stage 2 image\n+0001ea20: 2e20 2049 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 6974 206c . Instead, it l\n+0001ea30: 6f61 6473 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2066 726f oads modules fro\n+0001ea40: 6d0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f m. .../boot/\n+0001ea50: 6772 7562 e280 9920 6174 2072 756e 2d74 grub... at run-t\n+0001ea60: 696d 652e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 325f ime......stage2_\n+0001ea70: 656c 746f 7269 746f e280 990a 2020 2020 eltorito.... \n+0001ea80: 2049 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 696d 6167 In GRUB 2, imag\n+0001ea90: 6573 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 es for booting f\n+0001eaa0: 726f 6d20 4344 2d52 4f4d 2064 7269 7665 rom CD-ROM drive\n+0001eab0: 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 770a 2020 2020 2063 s are now. c\n+0001eac0: 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 6564 2075 7369 6e67 onstructed using\n+0001ead0: 20e2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 ...cdboot.img..\n+0001eae0: 9920 616e 6420 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d . and ...core.im\n+0001eaf0: 67e2 8099 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 2073 7572 g..., making sur\n+0001eb00: 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e that the. \n+0001eb10: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2063 6f6e 7461 core image conta\n+0001eb20: 696e 7320 7468 6520 e280 9869 736f 3936 ins the ...iso96\n+0001eb30: 3630 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2049 60... module. I\n+0001eb40: 7420 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2062 6573 t is usually bes\n+0001eb50: 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 7468 t to. use th\n+0001eb60: 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 e ...grub-mkresc\n+0001eb70: 7565 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 666f ue... program fo\n+0001eb80: 7220 7468 6973 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e62 6772 r this......nbgr\n+0001eb90: 7562 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 7265 ub.... There\n+0001eba0: 2069 7320 6173 2079 6574 206e 6f20 6571 is as yet no eq\n+0001ebb0: 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 uivalent for ...\n+0001ebc0: 6e62 6772 7562 e280 9920 696e 2047 5255 nbgrub... in GRU\n+0001ebd0: 4220 323b 2069 7420 7761 7320 7573 6564 B 2; it was used\n+0001ebe0: 0a20 2020 2020 6279 2045 7468 6572 626f . by Etherbo\n+0001ebf0: 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f74 6865 ot and some othe\n+0001ec00: 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 206c r network boot l\n+0001ec10: 6f61 6465 7273 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7078 6567 oaders......pxeg\n+0001ec20: 7275 62e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 rub.... In G\n+0001ec30: 5255 4220 322c 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f RUB 2, images fo\n+0001ec40: 7220 5058 4520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f r PXE network bo\n+0001ec50: 6f74 696e 6720 6172 6520 6e6f 7720 636f oting are now co\n+0001ec60: 6e73 7472 7563 7465 6420 7573 696e 670a nstructed using.\n+0001ec70: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7078 6562 6f6f 742e ...pxeboot.\n+0001ec80: 696d 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 636f img... and ...co\n+0001ec90: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 206d 616b 696e re.img..., makin\n+0001eca0: 6720 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 g sure that the \n+0001ecb0: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 core image. \n+0001ecc0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 20e2 8098 contains the ...\n+0001ecd0: 7078 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7078 pxe... and ...px\n+0001ece0: 6563 6d64 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e ecmd... modules.\n+0001ecf0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a *Note Network:\n+0001ed00: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+0001ed10: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f .info, Node: Co\n+0001ed20: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 re image size li\n+0001ed30: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a mitation, Next:\n+0001ed40: 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 5072 Filesystem, Pr\n+0001ed50: 6576 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 2055 703a ev: Images, Up:\n+0001ed60: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3132 2043 6f72 6520 696d Top..12 Core im\n+0001ed70: 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 age size limitat\n+0001ed80: 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ion.************\n+0001ed90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0001eda0: 2a0a 0a48 6561 7669 6c79 206c 696d 6974 *..Heavily limit\n+0001edb0: 6564 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 3a0a 2020 ed platforms:. \n+0001edc0: 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 2028 6e6f ... i386-pc (no\n+0001edd0: 726d 616c 2061 6e64 2050 5845 293a 2074 rmal and PXE): t\n+0001ede0: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 he core image si\n+0001edf0: 7a65 2028 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 ze (compressed) \n+0001ee00: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 is. limited \n+0001ee10: 6279 2034 3538 3234 3020 6279 7465 732e by 458240 bytes.\n+0001ee20: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 kernel.img (.t\n+0001ee30: 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 ext + .data + .b\n+0001ee40: 7373 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 ss,. uncompr\n+0001ee50: 6573 7365 6429 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 essed) is limite\n+0001ee60: 6420 6279 2033 3932 3730 3420 6279 7465 d by 392704 byte\n+0001ee70: 732e 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 697a 650a s. module size.\n+0001ee80: 2020 2020 2028 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 (uncompress\n+0001ee90: 6564 2920 2b20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 ed) + kernel.img\n+0001eea0: 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 612c (.text + .data,\n+0001eeb0: 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 uncompressed) i\n+0001eec0: 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 s. limited b\n+0001eed0: 7920 7468 6520 7369 7a65 206f 6620 636f y the size of co\n+0001eee0: 6e74 6967 756f 7573 2063 6875 6e6b 2061 ntiguous chunk a\n+0001eef0: 7420 314d 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e0a 2020 t 1M address.. \n+0001ef00: 20e2 80a2 2073 7061 7263 3634 2d69 6565 ... sparc64-iee\n+0001ef10: 6531 3237 353a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d e1275: kernel.im\n+0001ef20: 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 g (.text + .data\n+0001ef30: 202b 202e 6273 7329 202b 206d 6f64 756c + .bss) + modul\n+0001ef40: 6573 202b 0a20 2020 2020 3235 364b 2028 es +. 256K (\n+0001ef50: 7374 6163 6b29 202b 2032 4d20 2868 6561 stack) + 2M (hea\n+0001ef60: 7029 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 p) is limited by\n+0001ef70: 2073 7061 6365 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 space available\n+0001ef80: 2061 7420 3078 3434 3030 2e0a 2020 2020 at 0x4400.. \n+0001ef90: 204f 6e20 6d6f 7374 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 On most platfor\n+0001efa0: 6d73 2069 7427 7320 6a75 7374 2033 206f ms it's just 3 o\n+0001efb0: 7220 344d 2073 696e 6365 2069 6565 6531 r 4M since ieee1\n+0001efc0: 3237 3520 6d61 7073 206f 6e6c 7920 736f 275 maps only so\n+0001efd0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d75 6368 2e0a 2020 20e2 . much.. .\n+0001efe0: 80a2 2069 3338 362d 6965 6565 3132 3735 .. i386-ieee1275\n+0001eff0: 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 : kernel.img (.t\n+0001f000: 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 ext + .data + .b\n+0001f010: 7373 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6973 ss) + modules is\n+0001f020: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 . limited by\n+0001f030: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c memory availabl\n+0001f040: 6520 6174 2030 7831 3030 3030 2c20 6174 e at 0x10000, at\n+0001f050: 206d 6f73 7420 3539 364b 0a0a 2020 204c most 596K.. 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(decompres\n+0001f660: 736f 7220 2b20 7363 7261 7463 6820 7370 sor + scratch sp\n+0001f670: 6163 6529 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 ace) is limited \n+0001f680: 6279 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f by the space fro\n+0001f690: 6d0a 2020 2020 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 m. 8bd00000 \n+0001f6a0: 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 e280 a220 backward. ... \n+0001f6b0: 706f 7765 7270 632d 6965 6565 3132 3735 powerpc-ieee1275\n+0001f6c0: 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 : kernel.img (.t\n+0001f6d0: 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 ext + .data + .b\n+0001f6e0: 7373 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6973 ss) + modules is\n+0001f6f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 . limited by\n+0001f700: 2073 7061 6365 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 space available\n+0001f710: 2061 7420 3078 3230 3030 3030 0a0a 1f0a at 0x200000....\n+0001f720: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0001f730: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 Node: Filesyst\n+0001f740: 656d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e74 6572 em, Next: Inter\n+0001f750: 6661 6365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f72 face, Prev: Cor\n+0001f760: 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d e image size lim\n+0001f770: 6974 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f itation, Up: To\n+0001f780: 700a 0a31 3320 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d p..13 Filesystem\n+0001f790: 2073 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 7365 6d61 syntax and sema\n+0001f7a0: 6e74 6963 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ntics.**********\n 0001f7b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001f7c0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 ******..GRUB use\n-0001f7d0: 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7379 6e74 s a special synt\n-0001f7e0: 6178 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e ax for specifyin\n-0001f7f0: 6720 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7320 7768 g disk drives wh\n-0001f800: 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 0a61 6363 6573 ich can be.acces\n-0001f810: 7365 6420 6279 2042 494f 532e 2042 6563 sed by BIOS. Bec\n-0001f820: 6175 7365 206f 6620 4249 4f53 206c 696d ause of BIOS lim\n-0001f830: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 4752 5542 2063 itations, GRUB c\n-0001f840: 616e 6e6f 7420 6469 7374 696e 6775 6973 annot distinguis\n-0001f850: 680a 6265 7477 6565 6e20 4944 452c 2045 h.between IDE, E\n-0001f860: 5344 492c 2053 4353 492c 206f 7220 6f74 SDI, SCSI, or ot\n-0001f870: 6865 7273 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 7420 hers. You must \n-0001f880: 6b6e 6f77 2079 6f75 7273 656c 6620 7768 know yourself wh\n-0001f890: 6963 6820 4249 4f53 0a64 6576 6963 6520 ich BIOS.device \n-0001f8a0: 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f is equivalent to\n-0001f8b0: 2077 6869 6368 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 which OS device\n-0001f8c0: 2e20 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2074 6861 . Normally, tha\n-0001f8d0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636c 6561 720a t will be clear.\n-0001f8e0: 6966 2079 6f75 2073 6565 2074 6865 2066 if you see the f\n-0001f8f0: 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6120 6465 7669 6365 iles in a device\n-0001f900: 206f 7220 7573 6520 7468 6520 636f 6d6d or use the comm\n-0001f910: 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 and ...search...\n-0001f920: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 7365 6172 6368 3a3a (*note.search::\n-0001f930: 292e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2044 )...* Menu:..* D\n-0001f940: 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 evice syntax:: \n-0001f950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 How\n-0001f960: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6465 7669 to specify devi\n-0001f970: 6365 730a 2a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 ces.* File name \n-0001f980: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 syntax:: \n-0001f990: 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 How to speci\n-0001f9a0: 6679 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2042 6c6f 636b fy files.* Block\n-0001f9b0: 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 list syntax:: \n-0001f9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 How to \n-0001f9d0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 specify block li\n-0001f9e0: 7374 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 sts....File: gru\n-0001f9f0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2044 b.info, Node: D\n-0001fa00: 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 204e evice syntax, N\n-0001fa10: 6578 743a 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 ext: File name s\n-0001fa20: 796e 7461 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 yntax, Up: File\n-0001fa30: 7379 7374 656d 0a0a 3133 2e31 2048 6f77 system..13.1 How\n-0001fa40: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6465 7669 to specify devi\n-0001fa50: 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ces.============\n-0001fa60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-0001fa70: 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 .The device synt\n-0001fa80: 6178 2069 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a ax is like this:\n-0001fa90: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 5b2c .. (DEVICE[,\n-0001faa0: 5041 5254 4d41 502d 4e41 4d45 3150 4152 PARTMAP-NAME1PAR\n-0001fab0: 542d 4e55 4d31 5b2c 5041 5254 4d41 502d T-NUM1[,PARTMAP-\n-0001fac0: 4e41 4d45 3250 4152 542d 4e55 4d32 5b2c NAME2PART-NUM2[,\n-0001fad0: 2e2e 2e5d 5d5d 290a 0a20 2020 e280 985b ...]]]).. ...[\n-0001fae0: 5de2 8099 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2070 ]... means the p\n-0001faf0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 2069 7320 6f70 7469 arameter is opti\n-0001fb00: 6f6e 616c 2e20 2044 4556 4943 4520 6465 onal. DEVICE de\n-0001fb10: 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 6973 pends on the dis\n-0001fb20: 6b0a 6472 6976 6572 2069 6e20 7573 652e k.driver in use.\n-0001fb30: 2020 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 2064 BIOS and EFI d\n-0001fb40: 6973 6b73 2075 7365 2065 6974 6865 7220 isks use either \n-0001fb50: e280 9866 64e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 ...fd... or ...h\n-0001fb60: 64e2 8099 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 d... followed by\n-0001fb70: 2061 0a64 6967 6974 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 a.digit, like .\n-0001fb80: 8098 6664 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 ..fd0..., or ...\n-0001fb90: 6364 e280 992e 2020 4148 4349 2c20 5041 cd.... AHCI, PA\n-0001fba0: 5441 2028 6174 6129 2c20 6372 7970 746f TA (ata), crypto\n-0001fbb0: 2c20 5553 4220 7573 6520 7468 6520 6e61 , USB use the na\n-0001fbc0: 6d65 0a6f 6620 6472 6976 6572 2066 6f6c me.of driver fol\n-0001fbd0: 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2061 206e 756d 6265 lowed by a numbe\n-0001fbe0: 722e 2020 4d65 6d64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 r. Memdisk and \n-0001fbf0: 686f 7374 2061 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 host are limited\n-0001fc00: 2074 6f20 6f6e 650a 6469 736b 2061 6e64 to one.disk and\n-0001fc10: 2073 6f20 6974 2773 2072 6566 6572 6564 so it's refered\n-0001fc20: 206a 7573 7420 6279 2064 7269 7665 7220 just by driver \n-0001fc30: 6e61 6d65 2e20 2052 4149 4420 286d 6429 name. RAID (md)\n-0001fc40: 2c20 6f66 6469 736b 0a28 6965 6565 3132 , ofdisk.(ieee12\n-0001fc50: 3735 2061 6e64 206e 616e 6429 2c20 4c56 75 and nand), LV\n-0001fc60: 4d20 286c 766d 292c 204c 444d 2c20 7669 M (lvm), LDM, vi\n-0001fc70: 7274 696f 2028 7664 736b 2920 616e 6420 rtio (vdsk) and \n-0001fc80: 6172 6364 6973 6b20 2861 7263 2920 7573 arcdisk (arc) us\n-0001fc90: 650a 696e 7472 696e 7369 6320 6e61 6d65 e.intrinsic name\n-0001fca0: 206f 6620 6469 736b 2070 7265 6669 7865 of disk prefixe\n-0001fcb0: 6420 6279 2064 7269 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 d by driver name\n-0001fcc0: 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 . Additionally \n-0001fcd0: 6a75 7374 0a22 6e61 6e64 2220 7265 6665 just.\"nand\" refe\n-0001fce0: 7273 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6469 736b 2061 rs to the disk a\n-0001fcf0: 6c69 6173 6564 2061 7320 226e 616e 6422 liased as \"nand\"\n-0001fd00: 2e20 2043 6f6e 666c 6963 7473 2061 7265 . Conflicts are\n-0001fd10: 2073 6f6c 7665 6420 6279 0a73 7566 6669 solved by.suffi\n-0001fd20: 7869 6e67 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 6966 xing a number if\n-0001fd30: 206e 6563 6573 7361 7272 792e 2020 436f necessarry. Co\n-0001fd40: 6d6d 6173 206e 6565 6420 746f 2062 6520 mmas need to be \n-0001fd50: 6573 6361 7065 642e 2020 4c6f 6f70 6261 escaped. Loopba\n-0001fd60: 636b 0a75 7365 7320 7768 6174 6576 6572 ck.uses whatever\n-0001fd70: 206e 616d 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 name specified \n-0001fd80: 746f 20e2 8098 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b e280 to ...loopback..\n-0001fd90: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 486f 7374 . command. Host\n-0001fda0: 6469 736b 2075 7365 7320 6e61 6d65 730a disk uses names.\n-0001fdb0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2064 6576 specified in dev\n-0001fdc0: 6963 652e 6d61 7020 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 ice.map as long \n-0001fdd0: 6173 2069 7427 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2066 as it's of the f\n-0001fde0: 6f72 6d20 5b66 6863 5d64 5b30 2d39 5d2a orm [fhc]d[0-9]*\n-0001fdf0: 206f 720a 686f 7374 6469 736b 2f3c 4f53 or.hostdisk/. For c\n-0001fe10: 7279 7074 6f20 616e 6420 5241 4944 2028 rypto and RAID (\n-0001fe20: 6d64 2920 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 md) additionally\n-0001fe30: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a74 6865 you can use.the\n-0001fe40: 2073 796e 7461 7820 3c64 7269 7665 7220 syntax uuid/\n-0001fe60: 2e20 2046 6f72 204c 564d 2061 6464 6974 . For LVM addit\n-0001fe70: 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ionally you can \n-0001fe80: 7573 650a 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 206c use.the syntax l\n-0001fe90: 766d 6964 2f3c 766f 6c75 6d65 2d67 726f vmid//... (f\n-0001fec0: 6430 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 3029 0a20 d0). (hd0). \n-0001fed0: 2020 2020 2863 6429 0a20 2020 2020 2861 (cd). (a\n-0001fee0: 6863 6930 290a 2020 2020 2028 6174 6130 hci0). (ata0\n-0001fef0: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6372 7970 746f 3029 ). (crypto0)\n-0001ff00: 0a20 2020 2020 2875 7362 3029 0a20 2020 . (usb0). \n-0001ff10: 2020 2863 7279 7074 6f75 7569 642f 3132 (cryptouuid/12\n-0001ff20: 3334 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 3132 3456789abcdef012\n-0001ff30: 3334 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 290a 3456789abcdef0).\n-0001ff40: 2020 2020 2028 6d64 7575 6964 2f31 3233 (mduuid/123\n-0001ff50: 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 3031 3233 456789abcdef0123\n-0001ff60: 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 3029 0a20 456789abcdef0). \n-0001ff70: 2020 2020 286c 766d 2f73 7973 7465 6d2d (lvm/system-\n-0001ff80: 726f 6f74 290a 2020 2020 2028 6c76 6d69 root). (lvmi\n-0001ff90: 642f 4631 696b 6744 2d32 5245 532d 3330 d/F1ikgD-2RES-30\n-0001ffa0: 3647 2d69 6c39 4d2d 3769 7761 2d34 4e4b 6G-il9M-7iwa-4NK\n-0001ffb0: 572d 4562 5631 4e56 2f65 4c47 7543 512d W-EbV1NV/eLGuCQ-\n-0001ffc0: 4c34 4b61 2d58 5567 522d 736a 744a 2d66 L4Ka-XUgR-sjtJ-f\n-0001ffd0: 6663 682d 6261 6a72 2d66 434e 667a 3529 fch-bajr-fCNfz5)\n-0001ffe0: 0a20 2020 2020 286d 642f 6d79 7261 6964 . (md/myraid\n-0001fff0: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d64 2f30 290a 2020 ). (md/0). \n-00020000: 2020 2028 6965 6565 3132 3735 2f64 6973 (ieee1275/dis\n-00020010: 6b32 290a 2020 2020 2028 6965 6565 3132 k2). (ieee12\n-00020020: 3735 2f2f 7063 6940 3166 5c2c 302f 6964 75//pci@1f\\,0/id\n-00020030: 6540 642f 6469 736b 4032 290a 2020 2020 e@d/disk@2). \n-00020040: 2028 6e61 6e64 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d65 (nand). (me\n-00020050: 6d64 6973 6b29 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6f73 mdisk). (hos\n-00020060: 7429 0a20 2020 2020 286d 796c 6f6f 7029 t). (myloop)\n-00020070: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6f73 7464 6973 6b2f . 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(hd0,msdos\n-00020270: 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 1). (hd0,msd\n-00020280: 6f73 312c 6d73 646f 7335 290a 2020 2020 os1,msdos5). \n-00020290: 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 7364 (hd0,msdos1,bsd\n-000202a0: 3329 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 3). (hd0,net\n-000202b0: 6273 6431 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c bsd1). (hd0,\n-000202c0: 6770 7431 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c gpt1). (hd0,\n-000202d0: 312c 3329 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 1,3).. If you \n-000202e0: 656e 6162 6c65 6420 7468 6520 6e65 7477 enabled the netw\n-000202f0: 6f72 6b20 7375 7070 6f72 742c 2074 6865 ork support, the\n-00020300: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 730a special drives.\n-00020310: e280 9828 5052 4f54 4f43 4f4c 5b2c 5345 ...(PROTOCOL[,SE\n-00020320: 5256 4552 5d29 e280 9920 6172 6520 616c RVER])... are al\n-00020330: 736f 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2053 so available. S\n-00020340: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2070 726f 746f 636f upported protoco\n-00020350: 6c73 2061 7265 0ae2 8098 6874 7470 e280 ls are....http..\n-00020360: 9920 616e 6420 e280 9874 6674 70e2 8099 . and ...tftp...\n-00020370: 2e20 2049 6620 5345 5256 4552 2069 7320 . If SERVER is \n-00020380: 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2076 616c 7565 206f omitted, value o\n-00020390: 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 f environment va\n-000203a0: 7269 6162 6c65 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 riable....net_de\n-000203b0: 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e280 9920 fault_server... \n-000203c0: 6973 2075 7365 642e 2020 4265 666f 7265 is used. Before\n-000203d0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f using the netwo\n-000203e0: 726b 2064 7269 7665 2c20 796f 7520 6d75 rk drive, you mu\n-000203f0: 7374 0a69 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 7468 st.initialize th\n-00020400: 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2e 2020 2a4e 6f74 e network. *Not\n-00020410: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 e Network::, for\n-00020420: 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f more informatio\n-00020430: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7573 696e n... When usin\n-00020440: 6720 e280 9868 7474 70e2 8099 206f 7220 g ...http... or \n-00020450: e280 9874 6674 70e2 8099 2c20 706f 7274 ...tftp..., port\n-00020460: 7320 6f74 6865 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 s other than ...\n-00020470: 3830 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 80... can be spe\n-00020480: 6369 6669 6564 0a75 7369 6e67 2061 2063 cified.using a c\n-00020490: 6f6c 6f6e 2028 e280 983a e280 9929 2061 olon (...:...) a\n-000204a0: 6674 6572 2074 6865 2061 6464 7265 7373 fter the address\n-000204b0: 2e20 2054 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7061 7273 . To avoid pars\n-000204c0: 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6c69 6374 732c 2077 ing conflicts, w\n-000204d0: 6865 6e0a 7573 696e 6720 4950 7636 2061 hen.using IPv6 a\n-000204e0: 6464 7265 7373 6573 2077 6974 6820 6375 ddresses with cu\n-000204f0: 7374 6f6d 2070 6f72 7473 2c20 7468 6520 stom ports, the \n-00020500: 6164 6472 6573 7365 7320 6d75 7374 2062 addresses must b\n-00020510: 6520 656e 636c 6f73 6564 0a77 6974 6820 e enclosed.with \n-00020520: 7371 7561 7265 2062 7261 636b 6574 7320 square brackets \n-00020530: 28e2 8098 5b5d e280 9929 2c20 6173 2069 (...[]...), as i\n-00020540: 7320 7374 616e 6461 7264 2070 7261 6374 s standard pract\n-00020550: 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 ice... (http\n-00020560: 2c67 7275 622e 6578 616d 706c 652e 636f ,grub.example.co\n-00020570: 6d3a 3331 3333 3729 0a20 2020 2020 2868 m:31337). (h\n-00020580: 7474 702c 3139 322e 302e 322e 313a 3333 ttp,192.0.2.1:33\n-00020590: 3929 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c 5b32 9). (http,[2\n-000205a0: 3030 313a 6462 383a 3a31 5d3a 3131 3233 001:db8::1]:1123\n-000205b0: 3529 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 626f 5).. If you bo\n-000205c0: 6f74 2047 5255 4220 6672 6f6d 2061 2043 ot GRUB from a C\n-000205d0: 442d 524f 4d2c 20e2 8098 2863 6429 e280 D-ROM, ...(cd)..\n-000205e0: 9920 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 . is available. \n-000205f0: 202a 4e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 610a *Note Making a.\n-00020600: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n-00020610: 2d52 4f4d 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6465 7461 -ROM::, for deta\n-00020620: 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ils.....File: gr\n-00020630: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00020640: 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 File name syntax\n-00020650: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c , Next: Block l\n-00020660: 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2050 7265 ist syntax, Pre\n-00020670: 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 v: Device syntax\n-00020680: 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 , Up: Filesyste\n-00020690: 6d0a 0a31 332e 3220 486f 7720 746f 2073 m..13.2 How to s\n-000206a0: 7065 6369 6679 2066 696c 6573 0a3d 3d3d pecify files.===\n+0001f7c0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2075 ********..GRUB u\n+0001f7d0: 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7379 ses a special sy\n+0001f7e0: 6e74 6178 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6679 ntax for specify\n+0001f7f0: 696e 6720 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7320 ing disk drives \n+0001f800: 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 0a61 6363 which can be.acc\n+0001f810: 6573 7365 6420 6279 2042 494f 532e 2042 essed by BIOS. B\n+0001f820: 6563 6175 7365 206f 6620 4249 4f53 206c ecause of BIOS l\n+0001f830: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 4752 5542 imitations, GRUB\n+0001f840: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6469 7374 696e 6775 cannot distingu\n+0001f850: 6973 680a 6265 7477 6565 6e20 4944 452c ish.between IDE,\n+0001f860: 2045 5344 492c 2053 4353 492c 206f 7220 ESDI, SCSI, or \n+0001f870: 6f74 6865 7273 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 others. You mus\n+0001f880: 7420 6b6e 6f77 2079 6f75 7273 656c 6620 t know yourself \n+0001f890: 7768 6963 6820 4249 4f53 0a64 6576 6963 which BIOS.devic\n+0001f8a0: 6520 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 e is equivalent \n+0001f8b0: 746f 2077 6869 6368 204f 5320 6465 7669 to which OS devi\n+0001f8c0: 6365 2e20 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2074 ce. Normally, t\n+0001f8d0: 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636c 6561 hat will be clea\n+0001f8e0: 720a 6966 2079 6f75 2073 6565 2074 6865 r.if you see the\n+0001f8f0: 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6120 6465 7669 files in a devi\n+0001f900: 6365 206f 7220 7573 6520 7468 6520 636f ce or use the co\n+0001f910: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 mmand ...search.\n+0001f920: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 7365 6172 6368 .. (*note.search\n+0001f930: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ::)...* Menu:..*\n+0001f940: 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a Device syntax::\n+0001f950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 H\n+0001f960: 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6465 ow to specify de\n+0001f970: 7669 6365 730a 2a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d vices.* File nam\n+0001f980: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 e syntax:: \n+0001f990: 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 How to spe\n+0001f9a0: 6369 6679 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2042 6c6f cify files.* Blo\n+0001f9b0: 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a ck list syntax::\n+0001f9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 How t\n+0001f9d0: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 626c 6f63 6b20 o specify block \n+0001f9e0: 6c69 7374 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 lists....File: g\n+0001f9f0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0001fa00: 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 Device syntax, \n+0001fa10: 204e 6578 743a 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 Next: File name\n+0001fa20: 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4669 syntax, Up: Fi\n+0001fa30: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a0a 3133 2e31 2048 lesystem..13.1 H\n+0001fa40: 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6465 ow to specify de\n+0001fa50: 7669 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d vices.==========\n+0001fa60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0001fa70: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 =..The device sy\n+0001fa80: 6e74 6178 2069 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 ntax is like thi\n+0001fa90: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 s:.. (DEVICE\n+0001faa0: 5b2c 5041 5254 4d41 502d 4e41 4d45 3150 [,PARTMAP-NAME1P\n+0001fab0: 4152 542d 4e55 4d31 5b2c 5041 5254 4d41 ART-NUM1[,PARTMA\n+0001fac0: 502d 4e41 4d45 3250 4152 542d 4e55 4d32 P-NAME2PART-NUM2\n+0001fad0: 5b2c 2e2e 2e5d 5d5d 290a 0a20 2020 e280 [,...]]]).. ..\n+0001fae0: 985b 5de2 8099 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 .[]... means the\n+0001faf0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2069 7320 6f70 parameter is op\n+0001fb00: 7469 6f6e 616c 2e20 2044 4556 4943 4520 tional. DEVICE \n+0001fb10: 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 depends on the d\n+0001fb20: 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 6572 2069 6e20 7573 isk.driver in us\n+0001fb30: 652e 2020 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 e. 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Memdisk an\n+0001fbf0: 6420 686f 7374 2061 7265 206c 696d 6974 d host are limit\n+0001fc00: 6564 2074 6f20 6f6e 650a 6469 736b 2061 ed to one.disk a\n+0001fc10: 6e64 2073 6f20 6974 2773 2072 6566 6572 nd so it's refer\n+0001fc20: 6564 206a 7573 7420 6279 2064 7269 7665 ed just by drive\n+0001fc30: 7220 6e61 6d65 2e20 2052 4149 4420 286d r name. RAID (m\n+0001fc40: 6429 2c20 6f66 6469 736b 0a28 6965 6565 d), ofdisk.(ieee\n+0001fc50: 3132 3735 2061 6e64 206e 616e 6429 2c20 1275 and nand), \n+0001fc60: 4c56 4d20 286c 766d 292c 204c 444d 2c20 LVM (lvm), LDM, \n+0001fc70: 7669 7274 696f 2028 7664 736b 2920 616e virtio (vdsk) an\n+0001fc80: 6420 6172 6364 6973 6b20 2861 7263 2920 d arcdisk (arc) \n+0001fc90: 7573 650a 696e 7472 696e 7369 6320 6e61 use.intrinsic na\n+0001fca0: 6d65 206f 6620 6469 736b 2070 7265 6669 me of disk prefi\n+0001fcb0: 7865 6420 6279 2064 7269 7665 7220 6e61 xed by driver na\n+0001fcc0: 6d65 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c me. 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Ho\n+0001fda0: 7374 6469 736b 2075 7365 7320 6e61 6d65 stdisk uses name\n+0001fdb0: 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2064 s.specified in d\n+0001fdc0: 6576 6963 652e 6d61 7020 6173 206c 6f6e evice.map as lon\n+0001fdd0: 6720 6173 2069 7427 7320 6f66 2074 6865 g as it's of the\n+0001fde0: 2066 6f72 6d20 5b66 6863 5d64 5b30 2d39 form [fhc]d[0-9\n+0001fdf0: 5d2a 206f 720a 686f 7374 6469 736b 2f3c ]* or.hostdisk/<\n+0001fe00: 4f53 2044 4556 4943 453e 2e20 2046 6f72 OS DEVICE>. For\n+0001fe10: 2063 7279 7074 6f20 616e 6420 5241 4944 crypto and RAID\n+0001fe20: 2028 6d64 2920 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c (md) additional\n+0001fe30: 6c79 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a74 ly you can use.t\n+0001fe40: 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 3c64 7269 7665 he syntax uuid/. 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(h\n+00020060: 6f73 7429 0a20 2020 2020 286d 796c 6f6f ost). (myloo\n+00020070: 7029 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6f73 7464 6973 p). (hostdis\n+00020080: 6b2f 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 290a 0a20 2020 k//dev/sda).. \n+00020090: 5041 5254 2d4e 554d 2072 6570 7265 7365 PART-NUM represe\n+000200a0: 6e74 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f nts the partitio\n+000200b0: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4445 5649 n number of DEVI\n+000200c0: 4345 2c20 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f CE, starting fro\n+000200d0: 6d0a 6f6e 652e 2020 5041 5254 4e41 4d45 m.one. PARTNAME\n+000200e0: 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2062 7574 is optional but\n+000200f0: 2069 7320 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 is recommended \n+00020100: 7369 6e63 6520 6469 736b 206d 6179 2068 since disk may h\n+00020110: 6176 650a 7365 7665 7261 6c20 746f 702d ave.several top-\n+00020120: 6c65 7665 6c20 7061 7274 6d61 7073 2e20 level partmaps. \n+00020130: 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 6972 Specifying thir\n+00020140: 6420 616e 6420 6c61 7465 7220 636f 6d70 d and later comp\n+00020150: 6f6e 656e 7420 796f 750a 6361 6e20 6163 onent you.can ac\n+00020160: 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7375 6270 6172 7469 cess to subparti\n+00020170: 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2073 tions... The s\n+00020180: 796e 7461 7820 e280 9828 6864 3029 e280 yntax ...(hd0)..\n+00020190: 9920 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2075 7369 . represents usi\n+000201a0: 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6469 ng the entire di\n+000201b0: 736b 2028 6f72 2074 6865 204d 4252 2077 sk (or the MBR w\n+000201c0: 6865 6e0a 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 hen.installing G\n+000201d0: 5255 4229 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 RUB), while the \n+000201e0: 7379 6e74 6178 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 syntax ...(hd0,1\n+000201f0: 29e2 8099 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 )... represents \n+00020200: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a using the first.\n+00020210: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 partition of the\n+00020220: 2064 6973 6b20 286f 7220 7468 6520 626f disk (or the bo\n+00020230: 6f74 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 ot sector of the\n+00020240: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2077 6865 6e0a partition when.\n+00020250: 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4229 installing GRUB)\n+00020260: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 ... (hd0,msd\n+00020270: 6f73 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d os1). (hd0,m\n+00020280: 7364 6f73 312c 6d73 646f 7335 290a 2020 sdos1,msdos5). \n+00020290: 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 (hd0,msdos1,b\n+000202a0: 7364 3329 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6e sd3). (hd0,n\n+000202b0: 6574 6273 6431 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 etbsd1). (hd\n+000202c0: 302c 6770 7431 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 0,gpt1). (hd\n+000202d0: 302c 312c 3329 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 0,1,3).. If yo\n+000202e0: 7520 656e 6162 6c65 6420 7468 6520 6e65 u enabled the ne\n+000202f0: 7477 6f72 6b20 7375 7070 6f72 742c 2074 twork support, t\n+00020300: 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 he special drive\n+00020310: 730a e280 9828 5052 4f54 4f43 4f4c 5b2c s....(PROTOCOL[,\n+00020320: 5345 5256 4552 5d29 e280 9920 6172 6520 SERVER])... are \n+00020330: 616c 736f 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 also available. \n+00020340: 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 2070 726f 746f Supported proto\n+00020350: 636f 6c73 2061 7265 0ae2 8098 6874 7470 cols are....http\n+00020360: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9874 6674 70e2 ... and ...tftp.\n+00020370: 8099 2e20 2049 6620 5345 5256 4552 2069 ... If SERVER i\n+00020380: 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2076 616c 7565 s omitted, value\n+00020390: 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 of environment \n+000203a0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f variable....net_\n+000203b0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e280 default_server..\n+000203c0: 9920 6973 2075 7365 642e 2020 4265 666f . is used. Befo\n+000203d0: 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206e 6574 re using the net\n+000203e0: 776f 726b 2064 7269 7665 2c20 796f 7520 work drive, you \n+000203f0: 6d75 7374 0a69 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 must.initialize \n+00020400: 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2e 2020 2a4e the network. *N\n+00020410: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2c 2066 ote Network::, f\n+00020420: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 or more informat\n+00020430: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7573 ion... When us\n+00020440: 696e 6720 e280 9868 7474 70e2 8099 206f ing ...http... o\n+00020450: 7220 e280 9874 6674 70e2 8099 2c20 706f r ...tftp..., po\n+00020460: 7274 7320 6f74 6865 7220 7468 616e 20e2 rts other than .\n+00020470: 8098 3830 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6265 2073 ..80... can be s\n+00020480: 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a75 7369 6e67 2061 pecified.using a\n+00020490: 2063 6f6c 6f6e 2028 e280 983a e280 9929 colon (...:...)\n+000204a0: 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 2061 6464 7265 after the addre\n+000204b0: 7373 2e20 2054 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7061 ss. To avoid pa\n+000204c0: 7273 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6c69 6374 732c rsing conflicts,\n+000204d0: 2077 6865 6e0a 7573 696e 6720 4950 7636 when.using IPv6\n+000204e0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 2077 6974 6820 addresses with \n+000204f0: 6375 7374 6f6d 2070 6f72 7473 2c20 7468 custom ports, th\n+00020500: 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 7320 6d75 7374 e addresses must\n+00020510: 2062 6520 656e 636c 6f73 6564 0a77 6974 be enclosed.wit\n+00020520: 6820 7371 7561 7265 2062 7261 636b 6574 h square bracket\n+00020530: 7320 28e2 8098 5b5d e280 9929 2c20 6173 s (...[]...), as\n+00020540: 2069 7320 7374 616e 6461 7264 2070 7261 is standard pra\n+00020550: 6374 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6874 ctice... (ht\n+00020560: 7470 2c67 7275 622e 6578 616d 706c 652e tp,grub.example.\n+00020570: 636f 6d3a 3331 3333 3729 0a20 2020 2020 com:31337). \n+00020580: 2868 7474 702c 3139 322e 302e 322e 313a (http,192.0.2.1:\n+00020590: 3333 3929 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c 339). (http,\n+000205a0: 5b32 3030 313a 6462 383a 3a31 5d3a 3131 [2001:db8::1]:11\n+000205b0: 3233 3529 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 235).. If you \n+000205c0: 626f 6f74 2047 5255 4220 6672 6f6d 2061 boot GRUB from a\n+000205d0: 2043 442d 524f 4d2c 20e2 8098 2863 6429 CD-ROM, ...(cd)\n+000205e0: e280 9920 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ... is available\n+000205f0: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 . *Note Making \n+00020600: 610a 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a.GRUB bootable \n+00020610: 4344 2d52 4f4d 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6465 CD-ROM::, for de\n+00020620: 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 tails.....File: \n+00020630: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00020640: 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 : File name synt\n+00020650: 6178 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 6c6f 636b ax, Next: Block\n+00020660: 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2050 list syntax, P\n+00020670: 7265 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 rev: Device synt\n+00020680: 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 ax, Up: Filesys\n+00020690: 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3220 486f 7720 746f tem..13.2 How to\n+000206a0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2066 696c 6573 0a3d specify files.=\n 000206b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000206c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6572 6520 6172 ======..There ar\n-000206d0: 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 7370 e two ways to sp\n-000206e0: 6563 6966 7920 6669 6c65 732c 2062 7920 ecify files, by \n-000206f0: e280 9c61 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 ...absolute file\n-00020700: 206e 616d 65e2 809d 2061 6e64 2062 790a name... and by.\n-00020710: e280 9c62 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 74e2 809d ...block list...\n-00020720: 2e0a 0a20 2020 416e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 ... An absolut\n-00020730: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7265 7365 e file name rese\n-00020740: 6d62 6c65 7320 6120 556e 6978 2061 6273 mbles a Unix abs\n-00020750: 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c olute file name,\n-00020760: 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 2fe2 8099 0a66 using .../....f\n-00020770: 6f72 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 or the directory\n-00020780: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2028 6e6f 7420 separator (not \n-00020790: e280 985c e280 9920 6173 2069 6e20 444f ...\\... as in DO\n-000207a0: 5329 2e20 4f6e 6520 6578 616d 706c 6520 S). One example \n-000207b0: 6973 0ae2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f is....(hd0,1)/bo\n-000207c0: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n-000207d0: e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 .... This means\n-000207e0: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 e280 982f 626f the file .../bo\n-000207f0: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n-00020800: e280 990a 696e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ....in the first\n-00020810: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 partition of th\n-00020820: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 e first hard dis\n-00020830: 6b2e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206f 6d69 7420 k. If you omit \n-00020840: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 0a6e 616d 6520 the device.name \n-00020850: 696e 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 in an absolute f\n-00020860: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 4752 5542 2075 ile name, GRUB u\n-00020870: 7365 7320 4752 5542 2773 20e2 809c 726f ses GRUB's ...ro\n-00020880: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 65e2 809d 0a69 6d70 ot device....imp\n-00020890: 6c69 6369 746c 792e 2020 536f 2069 6620 licitly. So if \n-000208a0: 796f 7520 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f 6f74 you set the root\n-000208b0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2c20 7361 792c device to, say,\n-000208c0: 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c31 29e2 8099 2062 ...(hd1,1)... b\n-000208d0: 7920 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 y the.command ..\n-000208e0: 9873 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6431 2c31 .set root=(hd1,1\n-000208f0: 29e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 743a )... (*note set:\n-00020900: 3a29 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f :), then .../boo\n-00020910: 742f 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 6973 2074 t/kernel... is t\n-00020920: 6865 0a73 616d 6520 6173 20e2 8098 2868 he.same as ...(h\n-00020930: 6431 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f6b 6572 6e65 d1,1)/boot/kerne\n-00020940: 6ce2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 205a 4653 l...... On ZFS\n-00020950: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7468 6520 filesystem the \n-00020960: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7468 2063 6f6d 706f first path compo\n-00020970: 6e65 6e74 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a56 4f4c nent must be.VOL\n-00020980: 554d 45e2 8098 40e2 8099 5b53 4e41 5053 UME...@...[SNAPS\n-00020990: 484f 545d 2e20 2053 6f20 e280 982f 726f HOT]. So .../ro\n-000209a0: 6f74 766f 6c40 736e 6170 2d31 3239 2f62 otvol@snap-129/b\n-000209b0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 oot/grub/grub.cf\n-000209c0: 67e2 8099 2072 6566 6572 730a 746f 2066 g... refers.to f\n-000209d0: 696c 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 ile .../boot/gru\n-000209e0: 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 696e b/grub.cfg... in\n-000209f0: 2073 6e61 7073 686f 7420 6f66 2076 6f6c snapshot of vol\n-00020a00: 756d 6520 e280 9872 6f6f 7476 6f6c e280 ume ...rootvol..\n-00020a10: 9920 7769 7468 206e 616d 650a e280 9873 . with name....s\n-00020a20: 6e61 702d 3132 39e2 8099 2e20 2054 7261 nap-129.... Tra\n-00020a30: 696c 696e 6720 e280 9840 e280 9920 6166 iling ...@... af\n-00020a40: 7465 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 206e 616d 6520 ter volume name \n-00020a50: 6973 206d 616e 6461 746f 7279 2065 7665 is mandatory eve\n-00020a60: 6e20 6966 0a73 6e61 7073 686f 7420 6e61 n if.snapshot na\n-00020a70: 6d65 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642e 0a0a me is omitted...\n-00020a80: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00020a90: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 426c 6f63 6b20 o, Node: Block \n-00020aa0: 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5072 list syntax, Pr\n-00020ab0: 6576 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 ev: File name sy\n-00020ac0: 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 ntax, Up: Files\n-00020ad0: 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3320 486f 7720 ystem..13.3 How \n-00020ae0: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2062 6c6f 636b to specify block\n-00020af0: 206c 6973 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d lists.=========\n+000206c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6572 6520 ========..There \n+000206d0: 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 are two ways to \n+000206e0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 6669 6c65 732c 2062 specify files, b\n+000206f0: 7920 e280 9c61 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 y ...absolute fi\n+00020700: 6c65 206e 616d 65e2 809d 2061 6e64 2062 le name... and b\n+00020710: 790a e280 9c62 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 74e2 y....block list.\n+00020720: 809d 2e0a 0a20 2020 416e 2061 6273 6f6c ..... An absol\n+00020730: 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7265 ute file name re\n+00020740: 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 6120 556e 6978 2061 sembles a Unix a\n+00020750: 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d bsolute file nam\n+00020760: 652c 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 2fe2 8099 e, using .../...\n+00020770: 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f .for the directo\n+00020780: 7279 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2028 6e6f ry separator (no\n+00020790: 7420 e280 985c e280 9920 6173 2069 6e20 t ...\\... as in \n+000207a0: 444f 5329 2e20 4f6e 6520 6578 616d 706c DOS). One exampl\n+000207b0: 6520 6973 0ae2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 292f e is....(hd0,1)/\n+000207c0: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n+000207d0: 6667 e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 fg.... This mea\n+000207e0: 6e73 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 e280 982f ns the file .../\n+000207f0: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n+00020800: 6667 e280 990a 696e 2074 6865 2066 6972 fg....in the fir\n+00020810: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 st partition of \n+00020820: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 the first hard d\n+00020830: 6973 6b2e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206f 6d69 isk. If you omi\n+00020840: 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 0a6e 616d t the device.nam\n+00020850: 6520 696e 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 e in an absolute\n+00020860: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 4752 5542 file name, GRUB\n+00020870: 2075 7365 7320 4752 5542 2773 20e2 809c uses GRUB's ...\n+00020880: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 65e2 809d 0a69 root device....i\n+00020890: 6d70 6c69 6369 746c 792e 2020 536f 2069 mplicitly. So i\n+000208a0: 6620 796f 7520 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f f you set the ro\n+000208b0: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2c20 7361 ot device to, sa\n+000208c0: 792c 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c31 29e2 8099 y, ...(hd1,1)...\n+000208d0: 2062 7920 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 by the.command \n+000208e0: e280 9873 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6431 ...set root=(hd1\n+000208f0: 2c31 29e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 ,1)... (*note se\n+00020900: 743a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 8098 2f62 t::), then .../b\n+00020910: 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 6973 oot/kernel... is\n+00020920: 2074 6865 0a73 616d 6520 6173 20e2 8098 the.same as ...\n+00020930: 2868 6431 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f6b 6572 (hd1,1)/boot/ker\n+00020940: 6e65 6ce2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 205a nel...... On Z\n+00020950: 4653 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7468 FS filesystem th\n+00020960: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7468 2063 6f6d e first path com\n+00020970: 706f 6e65 6e74 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a56 ponent must be.V\n+00020980: 4f4c 554d 45e2 8098 40e2 8099 5b53 4e41 OLUME...@...[SNA\n+00020990: 5053 484f 545d 2e20 2053 6f20 e280 982f PSHOT]. So .../\n+000209a0: 726f 6f74 766f 6c40 736e 6170 2d31 3239 rootvol@snap-129\n+000209b0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e /boot/grub/grub.\n+000209c0: 6366 67e2 8099 2072 6566 6572 730a 746f cfg... refers.to\n+000209d0: 2066 696c 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 file .../boot/g\n+000209e0: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 rub/grub.cfg... \n+000209f0: 696e 2073 6e61 7073 686f 7420 6f66 2076 in snapshot of v\n+00020a00: 6f6c 756d 6520 e280 9872 6f6f 7476 6f6c olume ...rootvol\n+00020a10: e280 9920 7769 7468 206e 616d 650a e280 ... with name...\n+00020a20: 9873 6e61 702d 3132 39e2 8099 2e20 2054 .snap-129.... T\n+00020a30: 7261 696c 696e 6720 e280 9840 e280 9920 railing ...@... \n+00020a40: 6166 7465 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 206e 616d after volume nam\n+00020a50: 6520 6973 206d 616e 6461 746f 7279 2065 e is mandatory e\n+00020a60: 7665 6e20 6966 0a73 6e61 7073 686f 7420 ven if.snapshot \n+00020a70: 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642e name is omitted.\n+00020a80: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00020a90: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 426c 6f63 nfo, Node: Bloc\n+00020aa0: 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 k list syntax, \n+00020ab0: 5072 6576 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 Prev: File name \n+00020ac0: 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c syntax, Up: Fil\n+00020ad0: 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3320 486f esystem..13.3 Ho\n+00020ae0: 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2062 6c6f w to specify blo\n+00020af0: 636b 206c 6973 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ck lists.=======\n 00020b00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00020b10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4120 626c 6f63 6b20 ======..A block \n-00020b20: 6c69 7374 2069 7320 7573 6564 2066 6f72 list is used for\n-00020b30: 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 6120 6669 specifying a fi\n-00020b40: 6c65 2074 6861 7420 646f 6573 6e27 7420 le that doesn't \n-00020b50: 6170 7065 6172 2069 6e20 7468 650a 6669 appear in the.fi\n-00020b60: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6c69 6b65 2061 lesystem, like a\n-00020b70: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 chainloader. T\n-00020b80: 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 6973 0ae2 8098 he syntax is....\n-00020b90: 5b4f 4646 5345 545d 2b5b 4c45 4e47 5448 [OFFSET]+[LENGTH\n-00020ba0: 5d5b 2c5b 4f46 4653 4554 5d2b 5b4c 454e ][,[OFFSET]+[LEN\n-00020bb0: 4754 485d 5d2e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 4865 GTH]]....... He\n-00020bc0: 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 re is an example\n-00020bd0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 302b 3130 302c 3230 :.. 0+100,20\n-00020be0: 302b 312c 3330 302b 3330 302c 3830 302b 0+1,300+300,800+\n-00020bf0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7265 7072 6573 .. 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T\n-000212d0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f he commands (*no\n-000212e0: 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 te Commands::) a\n-000212f0: 7265 2061 2073 7562 7365 740a 6f66 2074 re a subset.of t\n-00021300: 686f 7365 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 hose available i\n-00021310: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 n the configurat\n-00021320: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 6564 2077 ion file, used w\n-00021330: 6974 6820 6578 6163 746c 7920 7468 6520 ith exactly the \n-00021340: 7361 6d65 0a73 796e 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 same.syntax... \n-00021350: 2043 7572 736f 7220 6d6f 7665 6d65 6e74 Cursor movement\n-00021360: 2061 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f 6620 and editing of \n-00021370: 7468 6520 7465 7874 206f 6e20 7468 6520 the text on the \n-00021380: 6c69 6e65 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 line can be done\n-00021390: 2076 6961 2061 0a73 7562 7365 7420 6f66 via a.subset of\n-000213a0: 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2061 the functions a\n-000213b0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 vailable in the \n-000213c0: 4261 7368 2073 6865 6c6c 3a0a 0a3c 432d Bash shell:.... Move forw\n-000213f0: 6172 6420 6f6e 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 ard one characte\n-00021400: 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d62 3e0a 3c50 4320 6c65 r..... Mov\n-00021420: 6520 6261 636b 206f 6e65 2063 6861 7261 e back one chara\n-00021430: 6374 6572 2e0a 0a3c 432d 613e 0a3c 484f cter..... Move to\n-00021450: 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 the start of th\n-00021460: 6520 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 653e 0a3c e line....<\n-00021470: 454e 443e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 2074 END>. Move t\n-00021480: 6865 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 he the end of th\n-00021490: 6520 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 643e 0a3c e line....<\n-000214a0: 4445 4c3e 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 DEL>. Delete\n-000214b0: 2074 6865 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2075 the character u\n-000214c0: 6e64 6572 6e65 6174 6820 7468 6520 6375 nderneath the cu\n-000214d0: 7273 6f72 2e0a 0a3c 432d 683e 0a3c 4253 rsor..... Delete th\n-000214f0: 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 746f 2074 e character to t\n-00021500: 6865 206c 6566 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 he left of the c\n-00021510: 7572 736f 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d6b 3e0a 2020 ursor.... \n-00021520: 2020 204b 696c 6c20 7468 6520 7465 7874 Kill the text\n-00021530: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e from the curren\n-00021540: 7420 6375 7273 6f72 2070 6f73 6974 696f t cursor positio\n-00021550: 6e20 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 n to the end of \n-00021560: 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c 696e 652e 0a0a the. line...\n-00021570: 3c43 2d75 3e0a 2020 2020 204b 696c 6c20 . Kill \n-00021580: 6261 636b 7761 7264 2066 726f 6d20 7468 backward from th\n-00021590: 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2074 6f20 7468 6520 e cursor to the \n-000215a0: 6265 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 beginning of the\n-000215b0: 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d79 3e0a 2020 line.... \n-000215c0: 2020 2059 616e 6b20 7468 6520 6b69 6c6c Yank the kill\n-000215d0: 6564 2074 6578 7420 6261 636b 2069 6e74 ed text back int\n-000215e0: 6f20 7468 6520 6275 6666 6572 2061 7420 o the buffer at \n-000215f0: 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2e0a 0a3c 432d the cursor..... \n-00021610: 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 2075 7020 7468 726f Move up thro\n-00021620: 7567 6820 7468 6520 6869 7374 6f72 7920 ugh the history \n-00021630: 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a3c 432d 6e3e 0a3c 5043 list..... \n-00021650: 4d6f 7665 2064 6f77 6e20 7468 726f 7567 Move down throug\n-00021660: 6820 7468 6520 6869 7374 6f72 7920 6c69 h the history li\n-00021670: 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2074 7970 st... When typ\n-00021680: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e74 ing commands int\n-00021690: 6572 6163 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 6966 2074 eractively, if t\n-000216a0: 6865 2063 7572 736f 7220 6973 2077 6974 he cursor is wit\n-000216b0: 6869 6e20 6f72 2062 6566 6f72 650a 7468 hin or before.th\n-000216c0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 2069 6e20 e first word in \n-000216d0: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 the command-line\n-000216e0: 2c20 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 203c , pressing the <\n-000216f0: 5441 423e 206b 6579 2028 6f72 203c 432d TAB> key (or ).will display\n-00021710: 2061 206c 6973 7469 6e67 206f 6620 7468 a listing of th\n-00021720: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6d6d e available comm\n-00021730: 616e 6473 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2074 6865 ands, and if the\n-00021740: 2063 7572 736f 7220 6973 0a61 6674 6572 cursor is.after\n-00021750: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2077 6f72 642c the first word,\n-00021760: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 3c54 4142 3ee2 8099 the ......\n-00021770: 2077 696c 6c20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6120 will provide a \n-00021780: 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 206c 6973 7469 completion listi\n-00021790: 6e67 206f 660a 6469 736b 732c 2070 6172 ng of.disks, par\n-000217a0: 7469 7469 6f6e 732c 2061 6e64 2066 696c titions, and fil\n-000217b0: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 696e e names dependin\n-000217c0: 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 g on the context\n-000217d0: 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 0a74 6f20 . Note that.to \n-000217e0: 6f62 7461 696e 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 obtain a list of\n-000217f0: 2064 7269 7665 732c 206f 6e65 206d 7573 drives, one mus\n-00021800: 7420 6f70 656e 2061 2070 6172 656e 7468 t open a parenth\n-00021810: 6573 6973 2c20 6173 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 esis, as ...root\n-00021820: 2028 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 (...... Note \n-00021830: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 that you cannot \n-00021840: 7573 6520 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 use the completi\n-00021850: 6f6e 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c69 7479 on functionality\n-00021860: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 5446 5450 0a66 696c in the TFTP.fil\n-00021870: 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 5468 6973 2069 esystem. This i\n-00021880: 7320 6265 6361 7573 6520 5446 5450 2064 s because TFTP d\n-00021890: 6f65 736e 2774 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 oesn't support f\n-000218a0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206c 6973 7469 6e67 ile name listing\n-000218b0: 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 for.the securit\n-000218c0: 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 y.....File: grub\n-000218d0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f .info, Node: Co\n-000218e0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 mmand-line inter\n-000218f0: 6661 6365 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 face-Footnotes, \n-00021900: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00021910: 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a20 2020 e interface.. \n-00021920: 2831 2920 486f 7765 7665 722c 2074 6869 (1) However, thi\n-00021930: 7320 6265 6861 7669 6f72 2077 696c 6c20 s behavior will \n-00021940: 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 2069 6e20 7468 be changed in th\n-00021950: 6520 6675 7475 7265 2076 6572 7369 6f6e e future version\n-00021960: 2c20 696e 0a61 2075 7365 722d 696e 7669 , in.a user-invi\n-00021970: 7369 626c 6520 7761 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 sible way.....Fi\n-00021980: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00021990: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 Node: Menu inter\n-000219a0: 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 656e face, Next: Men\n-000219b0: 7520 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 2c20 u entry editor, \n-000219c0: 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c Prev: Command-l\n-000219d0: 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 ine interface, \n-000219e0: 5570 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a31 Up: Interface..1\n-000219f0: 342e 3220 5468 6520 7369 6d70 6c65 206d 4.2 The simple m\n-00021a00: 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 3d3d enu interface.==\n+000211e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n+000211f0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 e command-line i\n+00021200: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2070 726f 7669 6465 nterface provide\n+00021210: 7320 6120 7072 6f6d 7074 2061 6e64 2061 s a prompt and a\n+00021220: 6674 6572 2069 7420 616e 2065 6469 7461 fter it an edita\n+00021230: 626c 650a 7465 7874 2061 7265 6120 6d75 ble.text area mu\n+00021240: 6368 206c 696b 6520 6120 636f 6d6d 616e ch like a comman\n+00021250: 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e20 556e 6978 206f d-line in Unix o\n+00021260: 7220 444f 532e 2045 6163 6820 636f 6d6d r DOS. Each comm\n+00021270: 616e 6420 6973 0a69 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 and is.immediate\n+00021280: 6c79 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 6166 7465 ly executed afte\n+00021290: 7220 6974 2069 7320 656e 7465 7265 6428 r it is entered(\n+000212a0: 3129 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d 616e 1) (*note Comman\n+000212b0: 642d 6c69 6e65 0a69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line.interface\n+000212c0: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 -Footnote-1::). \n+000212d0: 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a The commands (*\n+000212e0: 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 note Commands::)\n+000212f0: 2061 7265 2061 2073 7562 7365 740a 6f66 are a subset.of\n+00021300: 2074 686f 7365 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 those available\n+00021310: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 in the configur\n+00021320: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 6564 ation file, used\n+00021330: 2077 6974 6820 6578 6163 746c 7920 7468 with exactly th\n+00021340: 6520 7361 6d65 0a73 796e 7461 782e 0a0a e same.syntax...\n+00021350: 2020 2043 7572 736f 7220 6d6f 7665 6d65 Cursor moveme\n+00021360: 6e74 2061 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f nt and editing o\n+00021370: 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 206f 6e20 7468 f the text on th\n+00021380: 6520 6c69 6e65 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f e line can be do\n+00021390: 6e65 2076 6961 2061 0a73 7562 7365 7420 ne via a.subset \n+000213a0: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 of the functions\n+000213b0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 available in th\n+000213c0: 6520 4261 7368 2073 6865 6c6c 3a0a 0a3c e Bash shell:..<\n+000213d0: 432d 663e 0a3c 5043 2072 6967 6874 206b C-f>.. Move fo\n+000213f0: 7277 6172 6420 6f6e 6520 6368 6172 6163 rward one charac\n+00021400: 7465 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d62 3e0a 3c50 4320 ter..... M\n+00021420: 6f76 6520 6261 636b 206f 6e65 2063 6861 ove back one cha\n+00021430: 7261 6374 6572 2e0a 0a3c 432d 613e 0a3c racter....<\n+00021440: 484f 4d45 3e0a 2020 2020 204d 6f76 6520 HOME>. Move \n+00021450: 746f 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 to the start of \n+00021460: 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 653e the line...\n+00021470: 0a3c 454e 443e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 .. Move\n+00021480: 2074 6865 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 the the end of \n+00021490: 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 643e the line...\n+000214a0: 0a3c 4445 4c3e 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6c65 .. Dele\n+000214b0: 7465 2074 6865 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 te the character\n+000214c0: 2075 6e64 6572 6e65 6174 6820 7468 6520 underneath the \n+000214d0: 6375 7273 6f72 2e0a 0a3c 432d 683e 0a3c cursor....<\n+000214e0: 4253 3e0a 2020 2020 2044 656c 6574 6520 BS>. Delete \n+000214f0: 7468 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 746f the character to\n+00021500: 2074 6865 206c 6566 7420 6f66 2074 6865 the left of the\n+00021510: 2063 7572 736f 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d6b 3e0a cursor....\n+00021520: 2020 2020 204b 696c 6c20 7468 6520 7465 Kill the te\n+00021530: 7874 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6375 7272 xt from the curr\n+00021540: 656e 7420 6375 7273 6f72 2070 6f73 6974 ent cursor posit\n+00021550: 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f ion to the end o\n+00021560: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c 696e 652e f the. line.\n+00021570: 0a0a 3c43 2d75 3e0a 2020 2020 204b 696c ... Kil\n+00021580: 6c20 6261 636b 7761 7264 2066 726f 6d20 l backward from \n+00021590: 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2074 6f20 7468 the cursor to th\n+000215a0: 6520 6265 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 2074 e beginning of t\n+000215b0: 6865 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d79 3e0a he line....\n+000215c0: 2020 2020 2059 616e 6b20 7468 6520 6b69 Yank the ki\n+000215d0: 6c6c 6564 2074 6578 7420 6261 636b 2069 lled text back i\n+000215e0: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6275 6666 6572 2061 nto the buffer a\n+000215f0: 7420 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2e0a 0a3c t the cursor...<\n+00021600: 432d 703e 0a3c 5043 2075 7020 6b65 793e C-p>.\n+00021610: 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 2075 7020 7468 . Move up th\n+00021620: 726f 7567 6820 7468 6520 6869 7374 6f72 rough the histor\n+00021630: 7920 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a3c 432d 6e3e 0a3c y list....<\n+00021640: 5043 2064 6f77 6e20 6b65 793e 0a20 2020 PC down key>. \n+00021650: 2020 4d6f 7665 2064 6f77 6e20 7468 726f Move down thro\n+00021660: 7567 6820 7468 6520 6869 7374 6f72 7920 ugh the history \n+00021670: 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2074 list... 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Note that.t\n+000217e0: 6f20 6f62 7461 696e 2061 206c 6973 7420 o obtain a list \n+000217f0: 6f66 2064 7269 7665 732c 206f 6e65 206d of drives, one m\n+00021800: 7573 7420 6f70 656e 2061 2070 6172 656e ust open a paren\n+00021810: 7468 6573 6973 2c20 6173 20e2 8098 726f thesis, as ...ro\n+00021820: 6f74 2028 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 ot (...... Not\n+00021830: 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 6e6f e that you canno\n+00021840: 7420 7573 6520 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 t use the comple\n+00021850: 7469 6f6e 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c69 tion functionali\n+00021860: 7479 2069 6e20 7468 6520 5446 5450 0a66 ty in the TFTP.f\n+00021870: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 5468 6973 ilesystem. This\n+00021880: 2069 7320 6265 6361 7573 6520 5446 5450 is because TFTP\n+00021890: 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2073 7570 706f 7274 doesn't support\n+000218a0: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206c 6973 7469 file name listi\n+000218b0: 6e67 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 2073 6563 7572 ng for.the secur\n+000218c0: 6974 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ity.....File: gr\n+000218d0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000218e0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 Command-line int\n+000218f0: 6572 6661 6365 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 erface-Footnotes\n+00021900: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00021910: 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a20 ine interface.. \n+00021920: 2020 2831 2920 486f 7765 7665 722c 2074 (1) However, t\n+00021930: 6869 7320 6265 6861 7669 6f72 2077 696c his behavior wil\n+00021940: 6c20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 2069 6e20 l be changed in \n+00021950: 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2076 6572 7369 the future versi\n+00021960: 6f6e 2c20 696e 0a61 2075 7365 722d 696e on, in.a user-in\n+00021970: 7669 7369 626c 6520 7761 792e 0a0a 1f0a visible way.....\n+00021980: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00021990: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 Node: Menu int\n+000219a0: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d erface, Next: M\n+000219b0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 enu entry editor\n+000219c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 , Prev: Command\n+000219d0: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c -line interface,\n+000219e0: 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 650a Up: Interface.\n+000219f0: 0a31 342e 3220 5468 6520 7369 6d70 6c65 .14.2 The simple\n+00021a00: 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a menu interface.\n 00021a10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00021a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-00021a30: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 e menu interface\n-00021a40: 2069 7320 7175 6974 6520 6561 7379 2074 is quite easy t\n-00021a50: 6f20 7573 652e 2020 4974 7320 636f 6d6d o use. 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registers prope\n+00022960: 726c 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2042 494f rly. If the BIO\n+00022970: 534e 554d 0a76 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 SNUM.variable is\n+00022980: 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206f 7665 7272 6964 set, it overrid\n+00022990: 6573 2047 5255 4227 7320 6f77 6e20 6d65 es GRUB's own me\n+000229a0: 616e 7320 6f66 2067 7565 7373 696e 6720 ans of guessing \n+000229b0: 7468 6973 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 616e this... For an\n+000229c0: 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2061 7070 alternative app\n+000229d0: 726f 6163 6820 7768 6963 6820 616c 736f roach which also\n+000229e0: 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2042 494f 5320 6472 changes BIOS dr\n+000229f0: 6976 6520 6d61 7070 696e 6773 0a66 6f72 ive mappings.for\n+00022a00: 2074 6865 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 the chain-loade\n+00022a10: 6420 7379 7374 656d 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 d system, *note \n+00022a20: 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 drivemap::.....F\n+00022a30: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00022a40: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 Node: check_sig\n+00022a50: 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 natures, Next: \n+00022a60: 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 chosen, Prev: b\n+00022a70: 696f 736e 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 iosnum, Up: Spe\n+00022a80: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00022a90: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00022aa0: 2e32 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 .2 check_signatu\n+00022ab0: 7265 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d res.------------\n+00022ac0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n+00022ad0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7472 s variable contr\n+00022ae0: 6f6c 7320 7768 6574 6865 7220 4752 5542 ols whether GRUB\n+00022af0: 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 7320 6469 6769 7461 enforces digita\n+00022b00: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 650a 7661 6c69 l signature.vali\n+00022b10: 6461 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 dation on loaded\n+00022b20: 2066 696c 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 files. *Note U\n+00022b30: 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 sing digital sig\n+00022b40: 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 natures::.....Fi\n+00022b50: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00022b60: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 204e Node: chosen, N\n+00022b70: 6578 743a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 2050 ext: cmdpath, P\n+00022b80: 7265 763a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 rev: check_signa\n+00022b90: 7475 7265 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 tures, Up: Spec\n+00022ba0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00022bb0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00022bc0: 3320 6368 6f73 656e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 3 chosen.-------\n+00022bd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5768 656e 2065 7865 ------..When exe\n+00022be0: 6375 7469 6e67 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e cuting a menu en\n+00022bf0: 7472 792c 2047 5255 4220 7365 7473 2074 try, GRUB sets t\n+00022c00: 6865 2043 484f 5345 4e20 7661 7269 6162 he CHOSEN variab\n+00022c10: 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7469 746c 650a le to the title.\n+00022c20: 6f66 2074 6865 2065 6e74 7279 2062 6569 of the entry bei\n+00022c30: 6e67 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 ng executed... \n+00022c40: 2049 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 If the menu ent\n+00022c50: 7279 2069 7320 696e 206f 6e65 206f 7220 ry is in one or \n+00022c60: 6d6f 7265 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 732c 2074 more submenus, t\n+00022c70: 6865 6e20 4348 4f53 454e 2069 7320 7365 hen CHOSEN is se\n+00022c80: 7420 746f 0a74 6865 2074 6974 6c65 7320 t to.the titles \n+00022c90: 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2073 of each of the s\n+00022ca0: 7562 6d65 6e75 7320 7374 6172 7469 6e67 ubmenus starting\n+00022cb0: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 746f 7020 6c65 from the top le\n+00022cc0: 7665 6c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 0a62 7920 vel followed.by \n+00022cd0: 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 6f66 2074 6865 the title of the\n+00022ce0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6974 7365 menu entry itse\n+00022cf0: 6c66 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 lf, separated by\n+00022d00: 20e2 8098 3ee2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ...>........Fil\n+00022d10: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00022d20: 6f64 653a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 204e ode: cmdpath, N\n+00022d30: 6578 743a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c ext: color_highl\n+00022d40: 6967 6874 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 686f ight, Prev: cho\n+00022d50: 7365 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 sen, Up: Specia\n+00022d60: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00022d70: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3420 riables..15.1.4 \n+00022d80: 636d 6470 6174 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cmdpath.--------\n+00022d90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6c6f 6361 ------..The loca\n+00022da0: 7469 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 7768 6963 6820 tion from which \n+00022db0: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2077 ...core.img... w\n+00022dc0: 6173 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 as loaded as an \n+00022dd0: 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2064 6972 6563 746f absolute directo\n+00022de0: 7279 0a6e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 ry.name (*note F\n+00022df0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a ile name syntax:\n+00022e00: 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2073 6574 :). This is set\n+00022e10: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2061 7420 7374 6172 by GRUB at star\n+00022e20: 7475 7020 6261 7365 640a 6f6e 2069 6e66 tup based.on inf\n+00022e30: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 7572 6e65 ormation returne\n+00022e40: 6420 6279 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6669 d by platform fi\n+00022e50: 726d 7761 7265 2e20 204e 6f74 2065 7665 rmware. Not eve\n+00022e60: 7279 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 7072 6f76 ry platform.prov\n+00022e70: 6964 6573 2074 6869 7320 696e 666f 726d ides this inform\n+00022e80: 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206d ation and some m\n+00022e90: 6179 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2064 ay return only d\n+00022ea0: 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7061 evice without pa\n+00022eb0: 7468 0a6e 616d 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 th.name.....File\n+00022ec0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00022ed0: 6465 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 de: color_highli\n+00022ee0: 6768 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6c6f ght, Next: colo\n+00022ef0: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a r_normal, Prev:\n+00022f00: 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2053 cmdpath, Up: S\n+00022f10: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00022f20: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00022f30: 2e31 2e35 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c .1.5 color_highl\n+00022f40: 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ight.-----------\n+00022f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n+00022f60: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 s variable conta\n+00022f70: 696e 7320 7468 6520 2268 6967 686c 6967 ins the \"highlig\n+00022f80: 6874 2220 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 ht\" foreground a\n+00022f90: 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 640a 7465 nd background.te\n+00022fa0: 726d 696e 616c 2063 6f6c 6f72 732c 2073 rminal colors, s\n+00022fb0: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c eparated by a sl\n+00022fc0: 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 ash (.../...). \n+00022fd0: 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2076 6172 Setting this var\n+00022fe0: 6961 626c 650a 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 iable.changes th\n+00022ff0: 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 ose colors. For\n+00023000: 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 the available c\n+00023010: 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c20 2a6e 6f74 olor names, *not\n+00023020: 650a 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a e.color_normal::\n+00023030: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c ... The defaul\n+00023040: 7420 6973 20e2 8098 626c 6163 6b2f 6c69 t is ...black/li\n+00023050: 6768 742d 6772 6179 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a ght-gray........\n+00023060: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00023070: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f Node: color_no\n+00023080: 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e rmal, Next: con\n+00023090: 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 fig_directory, \n+000230a0: 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 Prev: color_high\n+000230b0: 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 light, Up: Spec\n+000230c0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+000230d0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+000230e0: 3620 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d 6 color_normal.-\n 000230f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00023100: 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ..This variable \n-00023110: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2022 6e6f contains the \"no\n-00023120: 726d 616c 2220 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 rmal\" foreground\n-00023130: 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 and background \n-00023140: 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a63 6f6c 6f72 732c terminal.colors,\n-00023150: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 separated by a \n-00023160: 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e slash (.../...).\n-00023170: 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2076 Setting this v\n-00023180: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 ariable changes \n-00023190: 7468 6f73 650a 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2045 those.colors. E\n-000231a0: 6163 6820 636f 6c6f 7220 6d75 7374 2062 ach color must b\n-000231b0: 6520 6120 6e61 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 e a name from th\n-000231c0: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6c69 7374 e following list\n-000231d0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626c 6163 6b0a :.. ... black.\n-000231e0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6c75 650a 2020 20e2 ... blue. .\n-000231f0: 80a2 2067 7265 656e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 .. green. ... \n-00023200: 6379 616e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7265 640a cyan. ... red.\n-00023210: 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6167 656e 7461 0a20 ... magenta. \n-00023220: 2020 e280 a220 6272 6f77 6e0a 2020 20e2 ... brown. .\n-00023230: 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 790a 2020 .. light-gray. \n-00023240: 20e2 80a2 2064 6172 6b2d 6772 6179 0a20 ... dark-gray. \n-00023250: 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 626c 7565 ... light-blue\n-00023260: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 6772 . ... light-gr\n-00023270: 6565 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 een. ... light\n-00023280: 2d63 7961 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 -cyan. ... lig\n-00023290: 6874 2d72 6564 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 ht-red. ... li\n-000232a0: 6768 742d 6d61 6765 6e74 610a 2020 20e2 ght-magenta. .\n-000232b0: 80a2 2079 656c 6c6f 770a 2020 20e2 80a2 .. yellow. ...\n-000232c0: 2077 6869 7465 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 white.. The d\n-000232d0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 986c 6967 efault is ...lig\n-000232e0: 6874 2d67 7261 792f 626c 6163 6be2 8099 ht-gray/black...\n-000232f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 ... The color \n-00023300: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 support support \n-00023310: 7661 7269 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7465 726d varies from term\n-00023320: 696e 616c 2074 6f20 7465 726d 696e 616c inal to terminal\n-00023330: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 986d 6f72 7365 e280 ... ...morse..\n-00023340: 9920 6861 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 . has no color s\n-00023350: 7570 706f 7274 2061 7420 616c 6c2e 0a0a upport at all...\n-00023360: 2020 20e2 8098 6d64 615f 7465 7874 e280 ...mda_text..\n-00023370: 9920 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 . color support \n-00023380: 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6869 is limited to hi\n-00023390: 6768 6c69 6768 7469 6e67 2062 7920 626c ghlighting by bl\n-000233a0: 6163 6b2f 7768 6974 650a 7265 7665 7273 ack/white.revers\n-000233b0: 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9863 6f6e 736f al... ...conso\n-000233c0: 6c65 e280 9920 6f6e 2041 5243 2c20 454d le... on ARC, EM\n-000233d0: 5520 616e 6420 4945 4545 3132 3735 2c20 U and IEEE1275, \n-000233e0: e280 9873 6572 6961 6c5f 2ae2 8099 2061 ...serial_*... a\n-000233f0: 6e64 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d e280 nd ...spkmodem..\n-00023400: 9920 6172 650a 676f 7665 726e 6564 2062 . are.governed b\n-00023410: 7920 7465 726d 696e 666f 2061 6e64 2073 y terminfo and s\n-00023420: 7570 706f 7274 206f 6e6c 7920 3820 636f upport only 8 co\n-00023430: 6c6f 7273 2069 6620 696e 206d 6f64 6573 lors if in modes\n-00023440: 20e2 8098 7674 3130 302d 636f 6c6f 72e2 ...vt100-color.\n-00023450: 8099 0a28 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 ...(default for \n-00023460: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2065 6d75 292c console on emu),\n-00023470: 20e2 8098 6172 63e2 8099 2028 6465 6661 ...arc... (defa\n-00023480: 756c 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 ult for console \n-00023490: 6f6e 2041 5243 292c 0ae2 8098 6965 6565 on ARC),....ieee\n-000234a0: 3132 3735 e280 9920 2864 6566 6175 6c74 1275... (default\n-000234b0: 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 for console on \n-000234c0: 4945 4545 3132 3735 292e 2020 5768 656e IEEE1275). When\n-000234d0: 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 20e2 8098 7674 3130 in mode ...vt10\n-000234e0: 30e2 8099 2074 6865 6e0a 7468 6520 636f 0... then.the co\n-000234f0: 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 206c lor support is l\n-00023500: 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6869 6768 6c69 imited to highli\n-00023510: 6768 7469 6e67 2062 7920 626c 6163 6b2f ghting by black/\n-00023520: 7768 6974 6520 7265 7665 7273 616c 2e0a white reversal..\n-00023530: 5768 656e 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 20e2 8098 When in mode ...\n-00023540: 6475 6d62 e280 9920 7468 6572 6520 6973 dumb... there is\n-00023550: 206e 6f20 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 no color suppor\n-00023560: 742e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 636f 6e73 t... 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(*n\n-000239a0: 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 ote normal::). \n-000239b0: 4974 2069 7320 7265 7374 6f72 6564 2074 It is restored t\n-000239c0: 6f20 7468 650a 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 o the.previous v\n-000239d0: 616c 7565 2077 6865 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e alue when comman\n-000239e0: 6420 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 732e 0a0a 1f0a d completes.....\n-000239f0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00023a00: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 Node: debug, \n-00023a10: 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 Next: default, \n-00023a20: 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c Prev: config_fil\n-00023a30: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 e, Up: Special \n-00023a40: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00023a50: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3920 6465 ables..15.1.9 de\n-00023a60: 6275 670a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d bug.------------\n-00023a70: 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ..This variable \n-00023a80: 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 656e may be set to en\n-00023a90: 6162 6c65 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f able debugging o\n-00023aa0: 7574 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2076 6172 696f utput from vario\n-00023ab0: 7573 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 6f66 us.components of\n-00023ac0: 2047 5255 422e 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 GRUB. 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The fac\n-00023d60: 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 ility names are \n-00023d70: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6172 6775 6d65 the first argume\n-00023d80: 6e74 2074 6f0a 6772 7562 5f64 7072 696e nt to.grub_dprin\n-00023d90: 7466 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 2074 6865 tf. Consult the\n-00023da0: 2073 6f75 7263 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 source for more\n-00023db0: 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c details.....Fil\n-00023dc0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00023dd0: 6f64 653a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 204e ode: default, N\n-00023de0: 6578 743a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 ext: fallback, \n-00023df0: 5072 6576 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 5570 Prev: debug, Up\n-00023e00: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00023e10: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00023e20: 0a31 352e 312e 3130 2064 6566 6175 6c74 .15.1.10 default\n-00023e30: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00023e40: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n-00023e50: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6964 le is set, it id\n-00023e60: 656e 7469 6669 6573 2061 206d 656e 7520 entifies a menu \n-00023e70: 656e 7472 7920 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c entry that shoul\n-00023e80: 6420 6265 0a73 656c 6563 7465 6420 6279 d be.selected by\n-00023e90: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 706f 7373 6962 default, possib\n-00023ea0: 6c79 2061 6674 6572 2061 2074 696d 656f ly after a timeo\n-00023eb0: 7574 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 ut (*note timeou\n-00023ec0: 743a 3a29 2e20 2054 6865 0a65 6e74 7279 t::). 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The more \n-00024250: 7265 6365 6e74 2072 656c 6561 7365 206f recent release o\n-00024260: 6620 4d69 6e69 7820 776f 756c 6420 7468 f Minix would th\n-00024270: 656e 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 en be identified\n-00024280: 2061 7320 e280 984f 7468 6572 0a70 6c61 as ...Other.pla\n-00024290: 7466 6f72 6d73 3e4d 696e 6978 3e56 6572 tforms>Minix>Ver\n-000242a0: 7369 6f6e 2033 2e34 2e30 e280 992c 206f sion 3.4.0..., o\n-000242b0: 7220 6173 20e2 8098 313e 303e 30e2 8099 r as ...1>0>0...\n-000242c0: 2c20 6f72 2061 730a e280 986f 7468 6572 , or as....other\n-000242d0: 3e6d 696e 6978 3e6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e34 >minix>minix-3.4\n-000242e0: 2e30 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 .0...... This \n-000242f0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 variable is ofte\n-00024300: 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 n set by ...GRUB\n-00024310: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 9920 282a 6e6f _DEFAULT... (*no\n-00024320: 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 te Simple.config\n-00024330: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2c20 e280 9867 uration::), ...g\n-00024340: 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 rub-set-default.\n-00024350: 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d72 .., or ...grub-r\n-00024360: 6562 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c eboot........Fil\n-00024370: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00024380: 6f64 653a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 ode: fallback, \n-00024390: 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 Next: gfxmode, \n-000243a0: 5072 6576 3a20 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 Prev: default, \n-000243b0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-000243c0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-000243d0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3131 2066 616c 6c62 s..15.1.11 fallb\n-000243e0: 6163 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ack.------------\n-000243f0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n-00024400: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 riable is set, i\n-00024410: 7420 6964 656e 7469 6669 6573 2061 206d t identifies a m\n-00024420: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7468 6174 2073 enu entry that s\n-00024430: 686f 756c 6420 6265 0a73 656c 6563 7465 hould be.selecte\n-00024440: 6420 6966 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 d if the default\n-00024450: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6661 696c menu entry fail\n-00024460: 7320 746f 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 456e 7472 s to boot. Entr\n-00024470: 6965 7320 6172 650a 6964 656e 7469 6669 ies are.identifi\n-00024480: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2077 ed in the same w\n-00024490: 6179 2061 7320 666f 7220 e280 9864 6566 ay as for ...def\n-000244a0: 6175 6c74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2064 ault... (*note d\n-000244b0: 6566 6175 6c74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 efault::).....Fi\n-000244c0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000244d0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 Node: gfxmode, \n-000244e0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 Next: gfxpayload\n-000244f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 , Prev: fallbac\n-00024500: 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 k, Up: Special \n-00024510: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00024520: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3132 2067 ables..15.1.12 g\n-00024530: 6678 6d6f 6465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fxmode.---------\n-00024540: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 ------..If this \n-00024550: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c variable is set,\n-00024560: 2069 7420 7365 7473 2074 6865 2072 6573 it sets the res\n-00024570: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 olution used on \n-00024580: 7468 6520 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 the ...gfxterm..\n-00024590: 990a 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d ..graphical term\n-000245a0: 696e 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 inal. Note that\n-000245b0: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 you can only us\n-000245c0: 6520 6d6f 6465 7320 7768 6963 6820 796f e modes which yo\n-000245d0: 7572 0a67 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 ur.graphics card\n-000245e0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7669 6120 5645 supports via VE\n-000245f0: 5341 2042 494f 5320 4578 7465 6e73 696f SA BIOS Extensio\n-00024600: 6e73 2028 5642 4529 2c20 736f 2066 6f72 ns (VBE), so for\n-00024610: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 0a6e 6174 6976 6520 example.native \n-00024620: 4c43 4420 7061 6e65 6c20 7265 736f 6c75 LCD panel resolu\n-00024630: 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 tions may not be\n-00024640: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 available. The\n-00024650: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 730a e280 9861 default is....a\n-00024660: 7574 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7365 uto..., which se\n-00024670: 6c65 6374 7320 6120 706c 6174 666f 726d lects a platform\n-00024680: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6465 6661 756c -specific defaul\n-00024690: 7420 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 6c6f t that should lo\n-000246a0: 6f6b 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c 652e 2020 ok.reasonable. \n-000246b0: 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6d6f 6465 7320 Supported modes \n-000246c0: 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6973 7465 6420 6279 can be listed by\n-000246d0: 20e2 8098 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6fe2 8099 ...videoinfo...\n-000246e0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e0a 4752 5542 command in.GRUB\n-000246f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7265 736f 6c75 ... The resolu\n-00024700: 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 7370 6563 tion may be spec\n-00024710: 6966 6965 6420 6173 2061 2073 6571 7565 ified as a seque\n-00024720: 6e63 6520 6f66 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f nce of one or mo\n-00024730: 7265 206d 6f64 6573 2c0a 7365 7061 7261 re modes,.separa\n-00024740: 7465 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 7320 28e2 ted by commas (.\n-00024750: 8098 2ce2 8099 2920 6f72 2073 656d 6963 ..,...) or semic\n-00024760: 6f6c 6f6e 7320 28e2 8098 3be2 8099 293b olons (...;...);\n-00024770: 2065 6163 6820 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 each will be tr\n-00024780: 6965 6420 696e 0a74 7572 6e20 756e 7469 ied in.turn unti\n-00024790: 6c20 6f6e 6520 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2e20 l one is found. \n-000247a0: 2045 6163 6820 6d6f 6465 2073 686f 756c Each mode shoul\n-000247b0: 6420 6265 2065 6974 6865 7220 e280 9861 d be either ...a\n-000247c0: 7574 6fe2 8099 2c0a e280 9857 4944 5448 uto...,....WIDTH\n-000247d0: 7848 4549 4748 54e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 xHEIGHT..., or .\n-000247e0: 8098 5749 4454 4878 4845 4947 4854 7844 ..WIDTHxHEIGHTxD\n-000247f0: 4550 5448 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 EPTH........File\n-00024800: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00024810: 6465 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 de: gfxpayload, \n-00024820: 204e 6578 743a 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 Next: gfxterm_f\n-00024830: 6f6e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6766 786d ont, Prev: gfxm\n-00024840: 6f64 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ode, Up: Specia\n-00024850: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00024860: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3133 riables..15.1.13\n-00024870: 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 640a 2d2d 2d2d gfxpayload.----\n-00024880: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00024890: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n-000248a0: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 636f 6e74 is set, it cont\n-000248b0: 726f 6c73 2074 6865 2076 6964 656f 206d rols the video m\n-000248c0: 6f64 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 ode in which the\n-000248d0: 204c 696e 7578 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 7374 Linux.kernel st\n-000248e0: 6172 7473 2075 702c 2072 6570 6c61 6369 arts up, replaci\n-000248f0: 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 ng the ...vga=..\n-00024900: 9920 626f 6f74 206f 7074 696f 6e20 282a . boot option (*\n-00024910: 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 292e 2020 note linux::). \n-00024920: 4974 0a6d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f It.may be set to\n-00024930: 20e2 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 746f 2066 ...text... to f\n-00024940: 6f72 6365 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b orce the Linux k\n-00024950: 6572 6e65 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e ernel to boot in\n-00024960: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 0a6d 6f64 normal text.mod\n-00024970: 652c 20e2 8098 6b65 6570 e280 9920 746f e, ...keep... to\n-00024980: 2070 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 6772 preserve the gr\n-00024990: 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 6520 7365 7420 aphics mode set \n-000249a0: 7573 696e 6720 e280 9867 6678 6d6f 6465 using ...gfxmode\n-000249b0: e280 992c 206f 7220 616e 790a 6f66 2074 ..., or any.of t\n-000249c0: 6865 2070 6572 6d69 7474 6564 2076 616c he permitted val\n-000249d0: 7565 7320 666f 7220 e280 9867 6678 6d6f ues for ...gfxmo\n-000249e0: 6465 e280 9920 746f 2073 6574 2061 2070 de... to set a p\n-000249f0: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6772 6170 6869 articular graphi\n-00024a00: 6373 206d 6f64 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 cs mode.(*note g\n-00024a10: 6678 6d6f 6465 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2044 fxmode::)... D\n-00024a20: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 796f 7572 epending on your\n-00024a30: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 6f75 7220 6469 kernel, your di\n-00024a40: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 796f 7572 stribution, your\n-00024a50: 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 2c20 graphics card, \n-00024a60: 616e 640a 7468 6520 7068 6173 6520 6f66 and.the phase of\n-00024a70: 2074 6865 206d 6f6f 6e2c 206e 6f74 6520 the moon, note \n-00024a80: 7468 6174 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 that using this \n-00024a90: 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2063 6175 7365 option may cause\n-00024aa0: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 0a74 6f20 7375 GNU/Linux.to su\n-00024ab0: 6666 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 ffer from variou\n-00024ac0: 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 s display proble\n-00024ad0: 6d73 2c20 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 ms, particularly\n-00024ae0: 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 6561 726c during the earl\n-00024af0: 790a 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f y.part of the bo\n-00024b00: 6f74 2073 6571 7565 6e63 652e 2020 4966 ot sequence. If\n-00024b10: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 you have proble\n-00024b20: 6d73 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 2076 6172 ms, set this var\n-00024b30: 6961 626c 6520 746f 0ae2 8098 7465 7874 iable to....text\n-00024b40: e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 2077 696c ... and GRUB wil\n-00024b50: 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 l tell Linux to \n-00024b60: 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 boot in normal t\n-00024b70: 6578 7420 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 ext mode... Th\n-00024b80: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2070 6c61 e default is pla\n-00024b90: 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2e20 tform-specific. \n-00024ba0: 204f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7769 On platforms wi\n-00024bb0: 7468 2061 206e 6174 6976 6520 7465 7874 th a native text\n-00024bc0: 0a6d 6f64 6520 2873 7563 6820 6173 2050 .mode (such as P\n-00024bd0: 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 C BIOS platforms\n-00024be0: 292c 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 ), the default i\n-00024bf0: 7320 e280 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2e20 204f s ...text.... O\n-00024c00: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2074 6865 0a64 6566 therwise the.def\n-00024c10: 6175 6c74 206d 6179 2062 6520 e280 9861 ault may be ...a\n-00024c20: 7574 6fe2 8099 206f 7220 6120 7370 6563 uto... or a spec\n-00024c30: 6966 6963 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 652e ific video mode.\n-00024c40: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 .. This variab\n-00024c50: 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 le is often set \n-00024c60: 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 5041 by ...GRUB_GFXPA\n-00024c70: 594c 4f41 445f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2028 YLOAD_LINUX... (\n-00024c80: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e *note Simple.con\n-00024c90: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a figuration::)...\n-00024ca0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00024cb0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 7874 6572 o, Node: gfxter\n-00024cc0: 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 m_font, Next: g\n-00024cd0: 7275 625f 6370 752c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 rub_cpu, Prev: \n-00024ce0: 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 2055 703a gfxpayload, Up:\n-00024cf0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00024d00: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00024d10: 3135 2e31 2e31 3420 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 15.1.14 gfxterm_\n-00024d20: 666f 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d font.-----------\n-00024d30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 ---------..If th\n-00024d40: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 is variable is s\n-00024d50: 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2061 2066 et, it names a f\n-00024d60: 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 ont to use for t\n-00024d70: 6578 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6766 ext on the....gf\n-00024d80: 7874 6572 6de2 8099 2067 7261 7068 6963 xterm... graphic\n-00024d90: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 4f74 al terminal. Ot\n-00024da0: 6865 7277 6973 652c 20e2 8098 6766 7874 herwise, ...gfxt\n-00024db0: 6572 6de2 8099 206d 6179 2075 7365 2061 erm... may use a\n-00024dc0: 6e79 0a61 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f6e ny.available fon\n-00024dd0: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n-00024de0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6772 .info, Node: gr\n-00024df0: 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 ub_cpu, Next: g\n-00024e00: 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2050 rub_platform, P\n-00024e10: 7265 763a 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e rev: gfxterm_fon\n-00024e20: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 t, Up: Special \n-00024e30: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00024e40: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3135 2067 ables..15.1.15 g\n-00024e50: 7275 625f 6370 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rub_cpu.--------\n-00024e60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 496e 206e 6f72 --------..In nor\n-00024e70: 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 mal mode (*note \n-00024e80: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 4220 normal::), GRUB \n-00024e90: 7365 7473 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 sets the ...grub\n-00024ea0: 5f63 7075 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 _cpu... variable\n-00024eb0: 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 4350 5520 7479 7065 to.the CPU type\n-00024ec0: 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 2047 5255 4220 for which GRUB \n-00024ed0: 7761 7320 6275 696c 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 was built (e.g. \n-00024ee0: 20e2 8098 6933 3836 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 ...i386... or .\n-00024ef0: 8098 706f 7765 7270 63e2 8099 292e 0a0a ..powerpc...)...\n-00024f00: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00024f10: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 o, Node: grub_p\n-00024f20: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 latform, Next: \n-00024f30: 6963 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 icondir, Prev: \n-00024f40: 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 2055 703a 2053 grub_cpu, Up: S\n-00024f50: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00024f60: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00024f70: 2e31 2e31 3620 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 .1.16 grub_platf\n-00024f80: 6f72 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d orm.------------\n-00024f90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6e20 6e6f ---------..In no\n-00024fa0: 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 rmal mode (*note\n-00024fb0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 normal::), GRUB\n-00024fc0: 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 sets the ...gru\n-00024fd0: 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d e280 9920 7661 b_platform... va\n-00024fe0: 7269 6162 6c65 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 706c riable.to the pl\n-00024ff0: 6174 666f 726d 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 atform for which\n-00025000: 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 6275 696c 7420 GRUB was built \n-00025010: 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 7063 e280 9920 (e.g. ...pc... \n-00025020: 6f72 20e2 8098 6566 69e2 8099 292e 0a0a or ...efi...)...\n-00025030: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00025040: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 o, Node: icondi\n-00025050: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 r, Next: lang, \n-00025060: 2050 7265 763a 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 Prev: grub_plat\n-00025070: 666f 726d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 form, Up: Speci\n-00025080: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00025090: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 ariables..15.1.1\n-000250a0: 3720 6963 6f6e 6469 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 7 icondir.------\n-000250b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 ---------..If th\n-000250c0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 is variable is s\n-000250d0: 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2061 2064 et, it names a d\n-000250e0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2069 6e20 7768 6963 irectory in whic\n-000250f0: 6820 7468 6520 4752 5542 0a67 7261 7068 h the GRUB.graph\n-00025100: 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 ical menu should\n-00025110: 206c 6f6f 6b20 666f 7220 6963 6f6e 7320 look for icons \n-00025120: 6166 7465 7220 6c6f 6f6b 696e 6720 696e after looking in\n-00025130: 2074 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2773 0ae2 8098 the theme's....\n-00025140: 6963 6f6e 73e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746f icons... directo\n-00025150: 7279 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2054 6865 6d65 ry. *Note Theme\n-00025160: 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 3a3a 2e0a file format::..\n-00025170: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00025180: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 616e 672c fo, Node: lang,\n-00025190: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 Next: locale_d\n-000251a0: 6972 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 636f 6e64 ir, Prev: icond\n-000251b0: 6972 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ir, Up: Special\n-000251c0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-000251d0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3820 iables..15.1.18 \n-000251e0: 6c61 6e67 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lang.-----------\n-000251f0: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n-00025200: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e ble is set, it n\n-00025210: 616d 6573 2074 6865 206c 616e 6775 6167 ames the languag\n-00025220: 6520 636f 6465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 e code that the \n-00025230: e280 9867 6574 7465 7874 e280 990a 636f ...gettext....co\n-00025240: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6574 mmand (*note get\n-00025250: 7465 7874 3a3a 2920 7573 6573 2074 6f20 text::) uses to \n-00025260: 7472 616e 736c 6174 6520 7374 7269 6e67 translate string\n-00025270: 732e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c s. For example,\n-00025280: 0a46 7265 6e63 6820 776f 756c 6420 6265 .French would be\n-00025290: 206e 616d 6564 2061 7320 e280 9866 72e2 named as ...fr.\n-000252a0: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 5369 6d70 6c69 6669 .., and Simplifi\n-000252b0: 6564 2043 6869 6e65 7365 2061 7320 e280 ed Chinese as ..\n-000252c0: 987a 685f 434e e280 992e 0a0a 2020 20e2 .zh_CN...... .\n-000252d0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n-000252e0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 .. (*note Simple\n-000252f0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a configuration::\n-00025300: 2920 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6f20 7365 ) will try to se\n-00025310: 7420 610a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2064 t a.reasonable d\n-00025320: 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 efault for this \n-00025330: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2062 6173 6564 206f variable based o\n-00025340: 6e20 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 206c 6f63 n the system loc\n-00025350: 616c 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ale.....File: gr\n-00025360: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00025370: 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 204e 6578 locale_dir, Nex\n-00025380: 743a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 t: lockdown, Pr\n-00025390: 6576 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2053 ev: lang, Up: S\n-000253a0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-000253b0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-000253c0: 2e31 2e31 3920 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 .1.19 locale_dir\n-000253d0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-000253e0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 ---..If this var\n-000253f0: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 iable is set, it\n-00025400: 206e 616d 6573 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 names the direc\n-00025410: 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 7261 6e73 tory where trans\n-00025420: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 0a6d 6179 lation files.may\n-00025430: 2062 6520 666f 756e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 be found (*note\n-00025440: 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a3a 292c 2075 7375 gettext::), usu\n-00025450: 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 ally .../boot/gr\n-00025460: 7562 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 2e20 204f ub/locale.... O\n-00025470: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c0a 696e 7465 726e therwise,.intern\n-00025480: 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2069 ationalization i\n-00025490: 7320 6469 7361 626c 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 s disabled... \n-000254a0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n-000254b0: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c ... (*note Simpl\n-000254c0: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e configuration:\n-000254d0: 3a29 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 6120 7265 :) will set a re\n-000254e0: 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 asonable.default\n-000254f0: 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 for this variab\n-00025500: 6c65 2069 6620 696e 7465 726e 6174 696f le if internatio\n-00025510: 6e61 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e65 nalization is ne\n-00025520: 6564 6564 2061 6e64 2061 6e79 0a74 7261 eded and any.tra\n-00025530: 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2061 nslation files a\n-00025540: 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a1f re available....\n-00025550: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00025560: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 , Node: lockdow\n-00025570: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 n, Next: menu_c\n-00025580: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 olor_highlight, \n-00025590: 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 Prev: locale_di\n-000255a0: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 r, Up: Special \n-000255b0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-000255c0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3230 206c ables..15.1.20 l\n-000255d0: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ockdown.--------\n-000255e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 --------..If thi\n-000255f0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 s variable is se\n-00025600: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2c20 6974 t to ...y..., it\n-00025610: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 means that GRUB\n-00025620: 2068 6173 2065 6e74 6572 6564 202a 6e6f has entered *no\n-00025630: 7465 0a4c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a20 6d6f te.Lockdown:: mo\n-00025640: 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 de.....File: gru\n-00025650: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d b.info, Node: m\n-00025660: 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 enu_color_highli\n-00025670: 6768 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 ght, Next: menu\n-00025680: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 _color_normal, \n-00025690: 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 Prev: lockdown, \n-000256a0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-000256b0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000256c0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3120 6d65 6e75 es..15.1.21 menu\n-000256d0: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 _color_highlight\n-000256e0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-000256f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n-00025700: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e his variable con\n-00025710: 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 666f 7265 6772 tains the foregr\n-00025720: 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f ound and backgro\n-00025730: 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 6f20 6265 und colors to be\n-00025740: 2075 7365 640a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6869 used.for the hi\n-00025750: 6768 6c69 6768 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 ghlighted menu e\n-00025760: 6e74 7279 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 ntry, separated \n-00025770: 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 e280 982f by a slash (.../\n-00025780: e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 ...). Setting.t\n-00025790: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 his variable cha\n-000257a0: 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 nges those color\n-000257b0: 732e 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 s. For the avai\n-000257c0: 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 lable color name\n-000257d0: 732c 0a2a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e s,.*note color_n\n-000257e0: 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 ormal::... The\n-000257f0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 7468 6520 default is the \n-00025800: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 636f 6c6f value of ...colo\n-00025810: 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 74e2 8099 2028 r_highlight... (\n-00025820: 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 *note.color_high\n-00025830: 6c69 6768 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c light::).....Fil\n-00025840: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00025850: 6f64 653a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f ode: menu_color_\n-00025860: 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e normal, Next: n\n-00025870: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 et__b\n-00025880: 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a oot_file, Prev:\n-00025890: 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 menu_color_high\n-000258a0: 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 light, Up: Spec\n-000258b0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-000258c0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-000258d0: 3232 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 22 menu_color_no\n-000258e0: 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rmal.-----------\n-000258f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00025900: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f This variable co\n-00025910: 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6567 ntains the foreg\n-00025920: 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 round and backgr\n-00025930: 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 746f 2062 ound colors to b\n-00025940: 6520 7573 6564 0a66 6f72 206e 6f6e 2d68 e used.for non-h\n-00025950: 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 206d 656e 7520 ighlighted menu \n-00025960: 656e 7472 6965 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 entries, separat\n-00025970: 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 ed by a slash (.\n-00025980: 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e ../...). Settin\n-00025990: 670a 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 g.this variable \n-000259a0: 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f changes those co\n-000259b0: 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 lors. For the a\n-000259c0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e vailable color n\n-000259d0: 616d 6573 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f ames,.*note colo\n-000259e0: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 r_normal::... \n-000259f0: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 The default is t\n-00025a00: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 e280 9863 he value of ...c\n-00025a10: 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 2028 olor_normal... (\n-00025a20: 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d *note color_norm\n-00025a30: 616c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 al::).....File: \n-00025a40: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00025a50: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__boot_file, Ne\n-00025a70: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 xt: net__clientid, P\n-00025a90: 7265 763a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f rev: menu_color_\n-00025aa0: 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 normal, Up: Spe\n-00025ab0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00025ac0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00025ad0: 2e32 3320 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 .23 net__boot_file.--\n+00023100: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c --..This variabl\n+00023110: 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2022 e contains the \"\n+00023120: 6e6f 726d 616c 2220 666f 7265 6772 6f75 normal\" foregrou\n+00023130: 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e nd and backgroun\n+00023140: 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a63 6f6c 6f72 d terminal.color\n+00023150: 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 s, separated by \n+00023160: 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 a slash (.../...\n+00023170: 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 ). Setting this\n+00023180: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 variable change\n+00023190: 7320 7468 6f73 650a 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 s those.colors. \n+000231a0: 2045 6163 6820 636f 6c6f 7220 6d75 7374 Each color must\n+000231b0: 2062 6520 6120 6e61 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 be a name from \n+000231c0: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6c69 the following li\n+000231d0: 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626c 6163 st:.. ... blac\n+000231e0: 6b0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6c75 650a 2020 k. ... blue. \n+000231f0: 20e2 80a2 2067 7265 656e 0a20 2020 e280 ... green. ..\n+00023200: a220 6379 616e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7265 . cyan. ... re\n+00023210: 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6167 656e 7461 d. ... magenta\n+00023220: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6272 6f77 6e0a 2020 . ... brown. \n+00023230: 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 790a ... light-gray.\n+00023240: 2020 20e2 80a2 2064 6172 6b2d 6772 6179 ... dark-gray\n+00023250: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 626c . ... light-bl\n+00023260: 7565 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d ue. ... light-\n+00023270: 6772 6565 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 green. ... lig\n+00023280: 6874 2d63 7961 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c ht-cyan. ... l\n+00023290: 6967 6874 2d72 6564 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ight-red. ... \n+000232a0: 6c69 6768 742d 6d61 6765 6e74 610a 2020 light-magenta. \n+000232b0: 20e2 80a2 2079 656c 6c6f 770a 2020 20e2 ... yellow. .\n+000232c0: 80a2 2077 6869 7465 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 .. white.. The\n+000232d0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 986c default is ...l\n+000232e0: 6967 6874 2d67 7261 792f 626c 6163 6be2 ight-gray/black.\n+000232f0: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f ..... The colo\n+00023300: 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7375 7070 6f72 r support suppor\n+00023310: 7420 7661 7269 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7465 t varies from te\n+00023320: 726d 696e 616c 2074 6f20 7465 726d 696e rminal to termin\n+00023330: 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 986d 6f72 7365 al... ...morse\n+00023340: e280 9920 6861 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 ... has no color\n+00023350: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 7420 616c 6c2e support at all.\n+00023360: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6d64 615f 7465 7874 .. ...mda_text\n+00023370: e280 9920 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 ... color suppor\n+00023380: 7420 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 t is limited to \n+00023390: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7469 6e67 2062 7920 highlighting by \n+000233a0: 626c 6163 6b2f 7768 6974 650a 7265 7665 black/white.reve\n+000233b0: 7273 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9863 6f6e rsal... ...con\n+000233c0: 736f 6c65 e280 9920 6f6e 2041 5243 2c20 sole... on ARC, \n+000233d0: 454d 5520 616e 6420 4945 4545 3132 3735 EMU and IEEE1275\n+000233e0: 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6c5f 2ae2 8099 , ...serial_*...\n+000233f0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d and ...spkmodem\n+00023400: e280 9920 6172 650a 676f 7665 726e 6564 ... are.governed\n+00023410: 2062 7920 7465 726d 696e 666f 2061 6e64 by terminfo and\n+00023420: 2073 7570 706f 7274 206f 6e6c 7920 3820 support only 8 \n+00023430: 636f 6c6f 7273 2069 6620 696e 206d 6f64 colors if in mod\n+00023440: 6573 20e2 8098 7674 3130 302d 636f 6c6f es ...vt100-colo\n+00023450: 72e2 8099 0a28 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f r....(default fo\n+00023460: 7220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2065 6d75 r console on emu\n+00023470: 292c 20e2 8098 6172 63e2 8099 2028 6465 ), ...arc... (de\n+00023480: 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e73 6f6c fault for consol\n+00023490: 6520 6f6e 2041 5243 292c 0ae2 8098 6965 e on ARC),....ie\n+000234a0: 6565 3132 3735 e280 9920 2864 6566 6175 ee1275... (defau\n+000234b0: 6c74 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f lt for console o\n+000234c0: 6e20 4945 4545 3132 3735 292e 2020 5768 n IEEE1275). Wh\n+000234d0: 656e 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 20e2 8098 7674 en in mode ...vt\n+000234e0: 3130 30e2 8099 2074 6865 6e0a 7468 6520 100... then.the \n+000234f0: 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 color support is\n+00023500: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6869 6768 limited to high\n+00023510: 6c69 6768 7469 6e67 2062 7920 626c 6163 lighting by blac\n+00023520: 6b2f 7768 6974 6520 7265 7665 7273 616c k/white reversal\n+00023530: 2e0a 5768 656e 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 20e2 ..When in mode .\n+00023540: 8098 6475 6d62 e280 9920 7468 6572 6520 ..dumb... there \n+00023550: 6973 206e 6f20 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 is no color supp\n+00023560: 6f72 742e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 636f ort... When co\n+00023570: 6e73 6f6c 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 206e nsole supports n\n+00023580: 6f20 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 6869 7320 7365 o colors this se\n+00023590: 7474 696e 6720 6973 2069 676e 6f72 6564 tting is ignored\n+000235a0: 2e20 2057 6865 6e0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 . When.console \n+000235b0: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2038 2063 6f6c 6f72 supports 8 color\n+000235c0: 732c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6c6f s, then the colo\n+000235d0: 7273 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7365 636f rs from the seco\n+000235e0: 6e64 2068 616c 6620 6f66 2074 6865 0a70 nd half of the.p\n+000235f0: 7265 7669 6f75 7320 6c69 7374 2061 7265 revious list are\n+00023600: 206d 6170 7065 6420 746f 2074 6865 206d mapped to the m\n+00023610: 6174 6368 696e 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 206f atching colors o\n+00023620: 6620 6669 7273 7420 6861 6c66 2e0a 0a20 f first half... \n+00023630: 2020 e280 9863 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 9920 ...console... \n+00023640: 6f6e 2045 4649 2061 6e64 2042 494f 5320 on EFI and BIOS \n+00023650: 616e 6420 e280 9876 6761 5f74 6578 74e2 and ...vga_text.\n+00023660: 8099 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 2031 .. support all 1\n+00023670: 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 6 colors... ..\n+00023680: 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 7375 7070 .gfxterm... supp\n+00023690: 6f72 7473 2061 6c6c 2031 3620 636f 6c6f orts all 16 colo\n+000236a0: 7273 2061 6e64 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 rs and would be \n+000236b0: 7468 656f 7265 7469 6361 6c6c 790a 6578 theoretically.ex\n+000236c0: 7465 6e64 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7375 7070 tendable to supp\n+000236d0: 6f72 7420 7768 6f6c 6520 7267 6232 3420 ort whole rgb24 \n+000236e0: 7061 6c65 7474 6520 6275 7420 6375 7272 palette but curr\n+000236f0: 656e 746c 7920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e ently there is n\n+00023700: 6f0a 636f 6d70 656c 6c69 6e67 2072 6561 o.compelling rea\n+00023710: 736f 6e20 746f 2067 6f20 6265 796f 6e64 son to go beyond\n+00023720: 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2031 3620 the current 16 \n+00023730: 636f 6c6f 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a colors.....File:\n+00023740: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00023750: 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 e: config_direct\n+00023760: 6f72 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6e66 ory, Next: conf\n+00023770: 6967 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ig_file, Prev: \n+00023780: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2055 color_normal, U\n+00023790: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+000237a0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+000237b0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e37 2063 6f6e 6669 675f ..15.1.7 config_\n+000237c0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d directory.------\n+000237d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000237e0: 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 -..This variable\n+000237f0: 2069 7320 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c is automaticall\n+00023800: 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 746f y set by GRUB to\n+00023810: 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2070 the directory p\n+00023820: 6172 7420 6f66 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 2063 art of.current c\n+00023830: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00023840: 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f e name (*note co\n+00023850: 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f nfig_file::)....\n+00023860: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00023870: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f , Node: config_\n+00023880: 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6562 file, Next: deb\n+00023890: 7567 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 ug, Prev: confi\n+000238a0: 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 g_directory, Up\n+000238b0: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+000238c0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+000238d0: 0a31 352e 312e 3820 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 .15.1.8 config_f\n+000238e0: 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ile.------------\n+000238f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n+00023900: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 iable is automat\n+00023910: 6963 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 ically set by GR\n+00023920: 5542 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f UB to the name o\n+00023930: 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a f configuration.\n+00023940: 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 6973 2062 6569 file that is bei\n+00023950: 6e67 2070 726f 6365 7373 6564 2062 7920 ng processed by \n+00023960: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 commands ...conf\n+00023970: 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 igfile... 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(\n+000239a0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e *note normal::).\n+000239b0: 2020 4974 2069 7320 7265 7374 6f72 6564 It is restored\n+000239c0: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 7072 6576 696f 7573 to the.previous\n+000239d0: 2076 616c 7565 2077 6865 6e20 636f 6d6d value when comm\n+000239e0: 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 732e 0a0a and completes...\n+000239f0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00023a00: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 6275 672c o, Node: debug,\n+00023a10: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 6661 756c 742c Next: default,\n+00023a20: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 Prev: config_f\n+00023a30: 696c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ile, Up: Specia\n+00023a40: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00023a50: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3920 riables..15.1.9 \n+00023a60: 6465 6275 670a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d debug.----------\n+00023a70: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c --..This variabl\n+00023a80: 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e may be set to \n+00023a90: 656e 6162 6c65 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 enable debugging\n+00023aa0: 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2076 6172 output from var\n+00023ab0: 696f 7573 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 ious.components \n+00023ac0: 6f66 2047 5255 422e 2054 6865 2076 616c of GRUB. The val\n+00023ad0: 7565 2069 7320 616e 206f 7264 6572 6564 ue is an ordered\n+00023ae0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 6562 7567 2066 list of debug f\n+00023af0: 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 730a 7365 acility names.se\n+00023b00: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2077 6869 7465 parated by white\n+00023b10: 7370 6163 6520 6f72 20e2 8098 2ce2 8099 space or ...,...\n+00023b20: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 . If the specia\n+00023b30: 6c20 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6564 l facility named\n+00023b40: 20e2 8098 616c 6ce2 8099 2069 730a 7072 ...all... is.pr\n+00023b50: 6573 656e 7420 7468 656e 2064 6562 7567 esent then debug\n+00023b60: 6769 6e67 206f 7574 7075 7420 6f66 2061 ging output of a\n+00023b70: 6c6c 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 ll facility name\n+00023b80: 7320 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2061 7420 s is enabled at \n+00023b90: 7468 650a 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2070 726f the.start of pro\n+00023ba0: 6365 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 7661 6c75 cessing the valu\n+00023bb0: 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 e of this variab\n+00023bc0: 6c65 2e20 2041 2066 6163 696c 6974 7927 le. 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For exam\n+00024100: 706c 652c 2074 616b 6520 7468 6520 666f ple, take the fo\n+00024110: 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 6d65 6e75 2073 7472 llowing.menu str\n+00024120: 7563 7475 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 474e ucture:.. GN\n+00024130: 552f 4875 7264 202d 2d69 6420 676e 752d U/Hurd --id gnu-\n+00024140: 6875 7264 0a20 2020 2020 2020 5374 616e hurd. Stan\n+00024150: 6461 7264 2042 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6964 3d67 dard Boot --id=g\n+00024160: 6e75 2d68 7572 642d 7374 640a 2020 2020 nu-hurd-std. \n+00024170: 2020 2052 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c20 Rescue shell \n+00024180: 2d2d 6964 3d67 6e75 2d68 7572 642d 7265 --id=gnu-hurd-re\n+00024190: 7363 7565 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7220 scue. Other \n+000241a0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 2d2d 6964 3d6f platforms --id=o\n+000241b0: 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4d69 6e69 ther. Mini\n+000241c0: 7820 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 0a20 2020 x --id=minix. \n+000241d0: 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 332e Version 3.\n+000241e0: 342e 3020 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 2d33 4.0 --id=minix-3\n+000241f0: 2e34 2e30 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 .4.0. Ve\n+00024200: 7273 696f 6e20 332e 332e 3020 2d2d 6964 rsion 3.3.0 --id\n+00024210: 3d6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e33 2e30 0a20 2020 =minix-3.3.0. \n+00024220: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2049 6e76 6164 6572 GRUB Invader\n+00024230: 7320 2d2d 6964 3d67 7275 622d 696e 7661 s --id=grub-inva\n+00024240: 6465 7273 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206d 6f72 ders.. The mor\n+00024250: 6520 7265 6365 6e74 2072 656c 6561 7365 e recent release\n+00024260: 206f 6620 4d69 6e69 7820 776f 756c 6420 of Minix would \n+00024270: 7468 656e 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 then be identifi\n+00024280: 6564 2061 7320 e280 984f 7468 6572 0a70 ed as ...Other.p\n+00024290: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 3e4d 696e 6978 3e56 latforms>Minix>V\n+000242a0: 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 2e34 2e30 e280 992c ersion 3.4.0...,\n+000242b0: 206f 7220 6173 20e2 8098 313e 303e 30e2 or as ...1>0>0.\n+000242c0: 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 730a e280 986f 7468 .., or as....oth\n+000242d0: 6572 3e6d 696e 6978 3e6d 696e 6978 2d33 er>minix>minix-3\n+000242e0: 2e34 2e30 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 .4.0...... Thi\n+000242f0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 s variable is of\n+00024300: 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 ten set by ...GR\n+00024310: 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 9920 282a UB_DEFAULT... (*\n+00024320: 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 note Simple.conf\n+00024330: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2c20 e280 iguration::), ..\n+00024340: 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c .grub-set-defaul\n+00024350: 74e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 7562 t..., or ...grub\n+00024360: 2d72 6562 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 -reboot........F\n+00024370: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00024380: 204e 6f64 653a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c Node: fallback,\n+00024390: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c Next: gfxmode,\n+000243a0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6465 6661 756c 742c Prev: default,\n+000243b0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+000243c0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+000243d0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3131 2066 616c les..15.1.11 fal\n+000243e0: 6c62 6163 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lback.----------\n+000243f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 ------..If this \n+00024400: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c variable is set,\n+00024410: 2069 7420 6964 656e 7469 6669 6573 2061 it identifies a\n+00024420: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7468 6174 menu entry that\n+00024430: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 0a73 656c 6563 should be.selec\n+00024440: 7465 6420 6966 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 ted if the defau\n+00024450: 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6661 lt menu entry fa\n+00024460: 696c 7320 746f 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 456e ils to boot. En\n+00024470: 7472 6965 7320 6172 650a 6964 656e 7469 tries are.identi\n+00024480: 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 fied in the same\n+00024490: 2077 6179 2061 7320 666f 7220 e280 9864 way as for ...d\n+000244a0: 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 efault... (*note\n+000244b0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a default::).....\n+000244c0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000244d0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c Node: gfxmode,\n+000244e0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f Next: gfxpaylo\n+000244f0: 6164 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2066 616c 6c62 ad, Prev: fallb\n+00024500: 6163 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ack, Up: Specia\n+00024510: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00024520: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3132 riables..15.1.12\n+00024530: 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d gfxmode.-------\n+00024540: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 --------..If thi\n+00024550: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 s variable is se\n+00024560: 742c 2069 7420 7365 7473 2074 6865 2072 t, it sets the r\n+00024570: 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f esolution used o\n+00024580: 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d n the ...gfxterm\n+00024590: e280 990a 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 ....graphical te\n+000245a0: 726d 696e 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 rminal. Note th\n+000245b0: 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 at you can only \n+000245c0: 7573 6520 6d6f 6465 7320 7768 6963 6820 use modes which \n+000245d0: 796f 7572 0a67 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 your.graphics ca\n+000245e0: 7264 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7669 6120 rd supports via \n+000245f0: 5645 5341 2042 494f 5320 4578 7465 6e73 VESA BIOS Extens\n+00024600: 696f 6e73 2028 5642 4529 2c20 736f 2066 ions (VBE), so f\n+00024610: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 0a6e 6174 6976 or example.nativ\n+00024620: 6520 4c43 4420 7061 6e65 6c20 7265 736f e LCD panel reso\n+00024630: 6c75 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 lutions may not \n+00024640: 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 be available. T\n+00024650: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 730a e280 he default is...\n+00024660: 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 .auto..., which \n+00024670: 7365 6c65 6374 7320 6120 706c 6174 666f selects a platfo\n+00024680: 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6465 6661 rm-specific defa\n+00024690: 756c 7420 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 ult that should \n+000246a0: 6c6f 6f6b 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c 652e look.reasonable.\n+000246b0: 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6d6f 6465 Supported mode\n+000246c0: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6973 7465 6420 s can be listed \n+000246d0: 6279 20e2 8098 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6fe2 by ...videoinfo.\n+000246e0: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e0a 4752 .. command in.GR\n+000246f0: 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7265 736f UB... The reso\n+00024700: 6c75 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 7370 lution may be sp\n+00024710: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2061 2073 6571 ecified as a seq\n+00024720: 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 206f 6e65 206f 7220 uence of one or \n+00024730: 6d6f 7265 206d 6f64 6573 2c0a 7365 7061 more modes,.sepa\n+00024740: 7261 7465 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 7320 rated by commas \n+00024750: 28e2 8098 2ce2 8099 2920 6f72 2073 656d (...,...) or sem\n+00024760: 6963 6f6c 6f6e 7320 28e2 8098 3be2 8099 icolons (...;...\n+00024770: 293b 2065 6163 6820 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ); each will be \n+00024780: 7472 6965 6420 696e 0a74 7572 6e20 756e tried in.turn un\n+00024790: 7469 6c20 6f6e 6520 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 til one is found\n+000247a0: 2e20 2045 6163 6820 6d6f 6465 2073 686f . Each mode sho\n+000247b0: 756c 6420 6265 2065 6974 6865 7220 e280 uld be either ..\n+000247c0: 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 2c0a e280 9857 4944 .auto...,....WID\n+000247d0: 5448 7848 4549 4748 54e2 8099 2c20 6f72 THxHEIGHT..., or\n+000247e0: 20e2 8098 5749 4454 4878 4845 4947 4854 ...WIDTHxHEIGHT\n+000247f0: 7844 4550 5448 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 xDEPTH........Fi\n+00024800: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00024810: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 Node: gfxpayload\n+00024820: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 6678 7465 726d , Next: gfxterm\n+00024830: 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6766 _font, Prev: gf\n+00024840: 786d 6f64 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 xmode, Up: Spec\n+00024850: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00024860: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00024870: 3133 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 640a 2d2d 13 gfxpayload.--\n+00024880: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00024890: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n+000248a0: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 636f le is set, it co\n+000248b0: 6e74 726f 6c73 2074 6865 2076 6964 656f ntrols the video\n+000248c0: 206d 6f64 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 mode in which t\n+000248d0: 6865 204c 696e 7578 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 he Linux.kernel \n+000248e0: 7374 6172 7473 2075 702c 2072 6570 6c61 starts up, repla\n+000248f0: 6369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7667 613d cing the ...vga=\n+00024900: e280 9920 626f 6f74 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ... boot option \n+00024910: 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 292e (*note linux::).\n+00024920: 2020 4974 0a6d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 It.may be set \n+00024930: 746f 20e2 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 746f to ...text... to\n+00024940: 2066 6f72 6365 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 force the Linux\n+00024950: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 kernel to boot \n+00024960: 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 0a6d in normal text.m\n+00024970: 6f64 652c 20e2 8098 6b65 6570 e280 9920 ode, ...keep... \n+00024980: 746f 2070 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 to preserve the \n+00024990: 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 6520 7365 graphics mode se\n+000249a0: 7420 7573 696e 6720 e280 9867 6678 6d6f t using ...gfxmo\n+000249b0: 6465 e280 992c 206f 7220 616e 790a 6f66 de..., or any.of\n+000249c0: 2074 6865 2070 6572 6d69 7474 6564 2076 the permitted v\n+000249d0: 616c 7565 7320 666f 7220 e280 9867 6678 alues for ...gfx\n+000249e0: 6d6f 6465 e280 9920 746f 2073 6574 2061 mode... to set a\n+000249f0: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6772 6170 particular grap\n+00024a00: 6869 6373 206d 6f64 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 hics mode.(*note\n+00024a10: 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 gfxmode::)... \n+00024a20: 2044 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 796f Depending on yo\n+00024a30: 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 6f75 7220 ur kernel, your \n+00024a40: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 796f distribution, yo\n+00024a50: 7572 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 ur graphics card\n+00024a60: 2c20 616e 640a 7468 6520 7068 6173 6520 , and.the phase \n+00024a70: 6f66 2074 6865 206d 6f6f 6e2c 206e 6f74 of the moon, not\n+00024a80: 6520 7468 6174 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 e that using thi\n+00024a90: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2063 6175 s option may cau\n+00024aa0: 7365 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 0a74 6f20 se GNU/Linux.to \n+00024ab0: 7375 6666 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 suffer from vari\n+00024ac0: 6f75 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 ous display prob\n+00024ad0: 6c65 6d73 2c20 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 lems, particular\n+00024ae0: 6c79 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 6561 ly during the ea\n+00024af0: 726c 790a 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 rly.part of the \n+00024b00: 626f 6f74 2073 6571 7565 6e63 652e 2020 boot sequence. \n+00024b10: 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7072 6f62 If you have prob\n+00024b20: 6c65 6d73 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 2076 lems, set this v\n+00024b30: 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 0ae2 8098 7465 ariable to....te\n+00024b40: 7874 e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 2077 xt... and GRUB w\n+00024b50: 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c 696e 7578 2074 ill tell Linux t\n+00024b60: 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c o boot in normal\n+00024b70: 2074 6578 7420 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 text mode... \n+00024b80: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2070 The default is p\n+00024b90: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 latform-specific\n+00024ba0: 2e20 204f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 . On platforms \n+00024bb0: 7769 7468 2061 206e 6174 6976 6520 7465 with a native te\n+00024bc0: 7874 0a6d 6f64 6520 2873 7563 6820 6173 xt.mode (such as\n+00024bd0: 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 PC BIOS platfor\n+00024be0: 6d73 292c 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ms), the default\n+00024bf0: 2069 7320 e280 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2e20 is ...text.... \n+00024c00: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2074 6865 0a64 Otherwise the.d\n+00024c10: 6566 6175 6c74 206d 6179 2062 6520 e280 efault may be ..\n+00024c20: 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 206f 7220 6120 7370 .auto... or a sp\n+00024c30: 6563 6966 6963 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 ecific video mod\n+00024c40: 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 e... This vari\n+00024c50: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 able is often se\n+00024c60: 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 t by ...GRUB_GFX\n+00024c70: 5041 594c 4f41 445f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 PAYLOAD_LINUX...\n+00024c80: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 (*note Simple.c\n+00024c90: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e onfiguration::).\n+00024ca0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00024cb0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 7874 nfo, Node: gfxt\n+00024cc0: 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a erm_font, Next:\n+00024cd0: 2067 7275 625f 6370 752c 2020 5072 6576 grub_cpu, Prev\n+00024ce0: 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 2055 : gfxpayload, U\n+00024cf0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00024d00: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00024d10: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3420 6766 7874 6572 ..15.1.14 gfxter\n+00024d20: 6d5f 666f 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d m_font.---------\n+00024d30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 -----------..If \n+00024d40: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 this variable is\n+00024d50: 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2061 set, it names a\n+00024d60: 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 font to use for\n+00024d70: 2074 6578 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 text on the....\n+00024d80: 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 2067 7261 7068 gfxterm... graph\n+00024d90: 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 ical terminal. \n+00024da0: 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 20e2 8098 6766 Otherwise, ...gf\n+00024db0: 7874 6572 6de2 8099 206d 6179 2075 7365 xterm... may use\n+00024dc0: 2061 6e79 0a61 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 any.available f\n+00024dd0: 6f6e 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ont.....File: gr\n+00024de0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00024df0: 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 204e 6578 743a grub_cpu, Next:\n+00024e00: 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 grub_platform, \n+00024e10: 2050 7265 763a 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 Prev: gfxterm_f\n+00024e20: 6f6e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ont, Up: Specia\n+00024e30: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00024e40: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3135 riables..15.1.15\n+00024e50: 2067 7275 625f 6370 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d grub_cpu.------\n+00024e60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 496e 206e ----------..In n\n+00024e70: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 ormal mode (*not\n+00024e80: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 e normal::), GRU\n+00024e90: 4220 7365 7473 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 B sets the ...gr\n+00024ea0: 7562 5f63 7075 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 ub_cpu... variab\n+00024eb0: 6c65 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 4350 5520 7479 le to.the CPU ty\n+00024ec0: 7065 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 2047 5255 pe for which GRU\n+00024ed0: 4220 7761 7320 6275 696c 7420 2865 2e67 B was built (e.g\n+00024ee0: 2e20 20e2 8098 6933 3836 e280 9920 6f72 . ...i386... or\n+00024ef0: 20e2 8098 706f 7765 7270 63e2 8099 292e ...powerpc...).\n+00024f00: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00024f10: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6772 7562 nfo, Node: grub\n+00024f20: 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 _platform, Next\n+00024f30: 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 5072 6576 : icondir, Prev\n+00024f40: 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 2055 703a : grub_cpu, Up:\n+00024f50: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00024f60: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00024f70: 3135 2e31 2e31 3620 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 15.1.16 grub_pla\n+00024f80: 7466 6f72 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tform.----------\n+00024f90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6e20 -----------..In \n+00024fa0: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f normal mode (*no\n+00024fb0: 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2c20 4752 te normal::), GR\n+00024fc0: 5542 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 UB sets the ...g\n+00024fd0: 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d e280 9920 rub_platform... \n+00024fe0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 variable.to the \n+00024ff0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2066 6f72 2077 6869 platform for whi\n+00025000: 6368 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 6275 696c ch GRUB was buil\n+00025010: 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 7063 e280 t (e.g. ...pc..\n+00025020: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6566 69e2 8099 292e . or ...efi...).\n+00025030: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00025040: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6963 6f6e nfo, Node: icon\n+00025050: 6469 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c61 6e67 dir, Next: lang\n+00025060: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 7275 625f 706c , Prev: grub_pl\n+00025070: 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 atform, Up: Spe\n+00025080: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00025090: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+000250a0: 2e31 3720 6963 6f6e 6469 720a 2d2d 2d2d .17 icondir.----\n+000250b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 -----------..If \n+000250c0: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 this variable is\n+000250d0: 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2061 set, it names a\n+000250e0: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2069 6e20 7768 directory in wh\n+000250f0: 6963 6820 7468 6520 4752 5542 0a67 7261 ich the GRUB.gra\n+00025100: 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7368 6f75 phical menu shou\n+00025110: 6c64 206c 6f6f 6b20 666f 7220 6963 6f6e ld look for icon\n+00025120: 7320 6166 7465 7220 6c6f 6f6b 696e 6720 s after looking \n+00025130: 696e 2074 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2773 0ae2 in the theme's..\n+00025140: 8098 6963 6f6e 73e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 ..icons... direc\n+00025150: 746f 7279 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2054 6865 tory. *Note The\n+00025160: 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 3a3a me file format::\n+00025170: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00025180: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 616e info, Node: lan\n+00025190: 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 g, Next: locale\n+000251a0: 5f64 6972 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 636f _dir, Prev: ico\n+000251b0: 6e64 6972 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 ndir, Up: Speci\n+000251c0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+000251d0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 ariables..15.1.1\n+000251e0: 3820 6c61 6e67 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 8 lang.---------\n+000251f0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 ---..If this var\n+00025200: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 iable is set, it\n+00025210: 206e 616d 6573 2074 6865 206c 616e 6775 names the langu\n+00025220: 6167 6520 636f 6465 2074 6861 7420 7468 age code that th\n+00025230: 6520 e280 9867 6574 7465 7874 e280 990a e ...gettext....\n+00025240: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 command (*note g\n+00025250: 6574 7465 7874 3a3a 2920 7573 6573 2074 ettext::) uses t\n+00025260: 6f20 7472 616e 736c 6174 6520 7374 7269 o translate stri\n+00025270: 6e67 732e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c ngs. For exampl\n+00025280: 652c 0a46 7265 6e63 6820 776f 756c 6420 e,.French would \n+00025290: 6265 206e 616d 6564 2061 7320 e280 9866 be named as ...f\n+000252a0: 72e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 5369 6d70 6c69 r..., and Simpli\n+000252b0: 6669 6564 2043 6869 6e65 7365 2061 7320 fied Chinese as \n+000252c0: e280 987a 685f 434e e280 992e 0a0a 2020 ...zh_CN...... \n+000252d0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ...grub-mkconfi\n+000252e0: 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 g... (*note Simp\n+000252f0: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n+00025300: 3a3a 2920 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6f20 ::) will try to \n+00025310: 7365 7420 610a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 set a.reasonable\n+00025320: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2074 6869 default for thi\n+00025330: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2062 6173 6564 s variable based\n+00025340: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 206c on the system l\n+00025350: 6f63 616c 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ocale.....File: \n+00025360: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00025370: 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 204e : locale_dir, N\n+00025380: 6578 743a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 ext: lockdown, \n+00025390: 5072 6576 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 2055 703a Prev: lang, Up:\n+000253a0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+000253b0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+000253c0: 3135 2e31 2e31 3920 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 15.1.19 locale_d\n+000253d0: 6972 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ir.-------------\n+000253e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 -----..If this v\n+000253f0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 ariable is set, \n+00025400: 6974 206e 616d 6573 2074 6865 2064 6972 it names the dir\n+00025410: 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 7261 ectory where tra\n+00025420: 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 0a6d nslation files.m\n+00025430: 6179 2062 6520 666f 756e 6420 282a 6e6f ay be found (*no\n+00025440: 7465 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a3a 292c 2075 te gettext::), u\n+00025450: 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f sually .../boot/\n+00025460: 6772 7562 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 2e20 grub/locale.... \n+00025470: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c0a 696e 7465 Otherwise,.inte\n+00025480: 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e rnationalization\n+00025490: 2069 7320 6469 7361 626c 6564 2e0a 0a20 is disabled... \n+000254a0: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 ...grub-mkconf\n+000254b0: 6967 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d ig... (*note Sim\n+000254c0: 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple configuratio\n+000254d0: 6e3a 3a29 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 6120 n::) will set a \n+000254e0: 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 0a64 6566 6175 reasonable.defau\n+000254f0: 6c74 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 lt for this vari\n+00025500: 6162 6c65 2069 6620 696e 7465 726e 6174 able if internat\n+00025510: 696f 6e61 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 ionalization is \n+00025520: 6e65 6564 6564 2061 6e64 2061 6e79 0a74 needed and any.t\n+00025530: 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 ranslation files\n+00025540: 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a are available..\n+00025550: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00025560: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f63 6b64 fo, Node: lockd\n+00025570: 6f77 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 own, Next: menu\n+00025580: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 _color_highlight\n+00025590: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f63 616c 655f , Prev: locale_\n+000255a0: 6469 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 dir, Up: Specia\n+000255b0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+000255c0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3230 riables..15.1.20\n+000255d0: 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lockdown.------\n+000255e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 ----------..If t\n+000255f0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n+00025600: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2c20 set to ...y..., \n+00025610: 6974 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 it means that GR\n+00025620: 5542 2068 6173 2065 6e74 6572 6564 202a UB has entered *\n+00025630: 6e6f 7465 0a4c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a20 note.Lockdown:: \n+00025640: 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 mode.....File: g\n+00025650: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00025660: 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 menu_color_high\n+00025670: 6c69 6768 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 light, Next: me\n+00025680: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c nu_color_normal,\n+00025690: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e Prev: lockdown\n+000256a0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+000256b0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+000256c0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3120 6d65 bles..15.1.21 me\n+000256d0: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 nu_color_highlig\n+000256e0: 6874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ht.-------------\n+000256f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00025700: 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 .This variable c\n+00025710: 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 666f 7265 ontains the fore\n+00025720: 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 ground and backg\n+00025730: 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 6f20 round colors to \n+00025740: 6265 2075 7365 640a 666f 7220 7468 6520 be used.for the \n+00025750: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 highlighted menu\n+00025760: 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 entry, separate\n+00025770: 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 e280 d by a slash (..\n+00025780: 982f e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 ./...). Setting\n+00025790: 0a74 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 .this variable c\n+000257a0: 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c hanges those col\n+000257b0: 6f72 732e 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 ors. For the av\n+000257c0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 ailable color na\n+000257d0: 6d65 732c 0a2a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 mes,.*note color\n+000257e0: 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 _normal::... T\n+000257f0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 7468 he default is th\n+00025800: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 636f e value of ...co\n+00025810: 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 74e2 8099 lor_highlight...\n+00025820: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 (*note.color_hi\n+00025830: 6768 6c69 6768 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ghlight::).....F\n+00025840: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00025850: 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f Node: menu_colo\n+00025860: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a r_normal, Next:\n+00025870: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025880: 5f62 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 _boot_file, Pre\n+00025890: 763a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 v: menu_color_hi\n+000258a0: 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ghlight, Up: Sp\n+000258b0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+000258c0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+000258d0: 312e 3232 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 1.22 menu_color_\n+000258e0: 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d normal.---------\n+000258f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025900: 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ..This variable \n+00025910: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2066 6f72 contains the for\n+00025920: 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b eground and back\n+00025930: 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 746f ground colors to\n+00025940: 2062 6520 7573 6564 0a66 6f72 206e 6f6e be used.for non\n+00025950: 2d68 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 206d 656e -highlighted men\n+00025960: 7520 656e 7472 6965 732c 2073 6570 6172 u entries, separ\n+00025970: 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 ated by a slash \n+00025980: 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 (.../...). Sett\n+00025990: 696e 670a 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c ing.this variabl\n+000259a0: 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 6520 e changes those \n+000259b0: 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6865 colors. For the\n+000259c0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 available color\n+000259d0: 206e 616d 6573 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f names,.*note co\n+000259e0: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 lor_normal::... \n+000259f0: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The default is\n+00025a00: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 e280 the value of ..\n+00025a10: 9863 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 .color_normal...\n+00025a20: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f (*note color_no\n+00025a30: 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rmal::).....File\n+00025a40: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00025a50: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__boot_file, \n+00025a70: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Next: net__clientid, \n+00025a90: 2050 7265 763a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f Prev: menu_colo\n+00025aa0: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2053 r_normal, Up: S\n+00025ab0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00025ac0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00025ad0: 2e31 2e32 3320 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 .1.23 net__boot_file.\n 00025af0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00025b10: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n-00025b20: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00025b30: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-00025b40: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 __cli\n-00025b50: 656e 7469 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 entid, Next: ne\n-00025b60: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c t__cl\n-00025b70: 6965 6e74 7575 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a ientuuid, Prev:\n-00025b80: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00025b90: 5f62 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 703a _boot_file, Up:\n-00025ba0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00025bb0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00025bc0: 3135 2e31 2e32 3420 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 15.1.24 net__clientid\n-00025be0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00025b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025b10: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n+00025b20: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n+00025b30: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+00025b40: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 et__c\n+00025b50: 6c69 656e 7469 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 lientid, Next: \n+00025b60: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00025b70: 636c 6965 6e74 7575 6964 2c20 2050 7265 clientuuid, Pre\n+00025b80: 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 v: net__boot_file, U\n+00025ba0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00025bb0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00025bc0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3420 6e65 745f 3c49 ..15.1.24 net__client\n+00025be0: 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d id.-------------\n 00025bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025c00: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n-00025c10: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00025c20: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-00025c30: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 et__c\n-00025c40: 6c69 656e 7475 7569 642c 2020 4e65 7874 lientuuid, Next\n-00025c50: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__dhcp_server_na\n-00025c70: 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c me, Prev: net_<\n-00025c80: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 656e INTERFACE>_clien\n-00025c90: 7469 642c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 tid, Up: Specia\n-00025ca0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00025cb0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3235 riables..15.1.25\n-00025cc0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00025cd0: 5f63 6c69 656e 7475 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d _clientuuid.----\n+00025c00: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n+00025c10: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n+00025c20: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00025c30: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025c40: 5f63 6c69 656e 7475 7569 642c 2020 4e65 _clientuuid, Ne\n+00025c50: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 xt: net__dhcp_server_\n+00025c70: 6e61 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 name, Prev: net\n+00025c80: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 __cli\n+00025c90: 656e 7469 642c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 entid, Up: Spec\n+00025ca0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00025cb0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00025cc0: 3235 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 25 net__clientuuid.--\n 00025ce0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00025d00: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n-00025d10: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00025d20: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-00025d30: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 6370 _dhcp\n-00025d40: 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 204e _server_name, N\n-00025d50: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ext: net__domain, Pr\n-00025d70: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ev: net__clientuuid, \n-00025d90: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00025da0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00025db0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3620 6e65 745f es..15.1.26 net_\n-00025dc0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 6370 _dhcp\n-00025dd0: 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 0a2d 2d2d _server_name.---\n+00025cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025d00: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n+00025d10: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+00025d20: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+00025d30: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 t__dh\n+00025d40: 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 cp_server_name, \n+00025d50: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Next: net__domain, \n+00025d70: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Prev: net__clientuuid\n+00025d90: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00025da0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00025db0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3620 6e65 bles..15.1.26 ne\n+00025dc0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 t__dh\n+00025dd0: 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 0a2d cp_server_name.-\n 00025de0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00025df0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025e00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n-00025e10: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n-00025e20: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00025e30: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__domain, Next\n-00025e50: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__extensionspath\n-00025e70: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Prev: net__dhcp_se\n-00025e90: 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 5570 3a20 rver_name, Up: \n-00025ea0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00025eb0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00025ec0: 352e 312e 3237 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5.1.27 net__domain.--\n+00025e00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n+00025e10: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n+00025e20: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00025e30: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__domain, Ne\n+00025e50: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 xt: net__extensionspa\n+00025e70: 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c th, Prev: net_<\n+00025e80: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6863 705f INTERFACE>_dhcp_\n+00025e90: 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 5570 server_name, Up\n+00025ea0: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00025eb0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00025ec0: 0a31 352e 312e 3237 206e 6574 5f3c 494e .15.1.27 net__domain.\n 00025ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n-00025f00: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n-00025f10: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00025f20: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 o, Node: net__extens\n-00025f40: 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a ionspath, Next:\n-00025f50: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00025f60: 5f68 6f73 746e 616d 652c 2020 5072 6576 _hostname, Prev\n-00025f70: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__domain, Up: S\n-00025f90: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00025fa0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00025fb0: 2e31 2e32 3820 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 .1.28 net__extensions\n-00025fd0: 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d path.-----------\n+00025ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00025f00: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n+00025f10: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00025f20: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+00025f30: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6578 7465 _exte\n+00025f40: 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 nsionspath, Nex\n+00025f50: 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 t: net__hostname, Pr\n+00025f70: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ev: net__domain, Up:\n+00025f90: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00025fa0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00025fb0: 3135 2e31 2e32 3820 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 15.1.28 net__extensio\n+00025fd0: 6e73 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nspath.---------\n 00025fe0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n-00026000: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n-00026010: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00026020: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Node: net__hostnam\n-00026040: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 e, Next: net__ip, P\n-00026060: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 rev: net__extensionsp\n-00026080: 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ath, Up: Specia\n-00026090: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-000260a0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3239 riables..15.1.29\n-000260b0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-000260c0: 5f68 6f73 746e 616d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _hostname.------\n+00025ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n+00026000: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n+00026010: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00026020: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c fo, Node: net_<\n+00026030: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 746e INTERFACE>_hostn\n+00026040: 616d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ame, Next: net_\n+00026050: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 2c20 _ip, \n+00026060: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Prev: net__extension\n+00026080: 7370 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 spath, Up: Spec\n+00026090: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+000260a0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+000260b0: 3239 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 29 net__hostname.----\n 000260d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000260e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n-000260f0: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n-00026100: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00026110: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Node: net__ip, Nex\n-00026130: 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 t: net__mac, Prev: n\n-00026150: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 et__h\n-00026160: 6f73 746e 616d 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ostname, Up: Sp\n-00026170: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00026180: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00026190: 312e 3330 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 1.30 net__ip.--------\n+000260e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n+000260f0: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n+00026100: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00026110: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 o, Node: net__ip, N\n+00026130: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ext: net__mac, Prev:\n+00026150: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00026160: 5f68 6f73 746e 616d 652c 2020 5570 3a20 _hostname, Up: \n+00026170: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00026180: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00026190: 352e 312e 3330 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5.1.30 net__ip.------\n 000261b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000261c0: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n-000261d0: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n-000261e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000261f0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00026200: 6d61 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f mac, Next: net_\n-00026210: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6e65 7874 _next\n-00026220: 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 _server, Prev: \n-00026230: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00026240: 6970 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ip, Up: Special\n-00026250: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00026260: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3120 iables..15.1.31 \n-00026270: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00026280: 6d61 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mac.------------\n-00026290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-000262a0: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n-000262b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000262c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-000262d0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e 6578 __nex\n-000262e0: 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a t_server, Next:\n-000262f0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00026300: 5f72 6f6f 7470 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 _rootpath, Prev\n-00026310: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__mac, Up: Spec\n-00026330: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00026340: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00026350: 3332 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 32 net__next_server.-\n-00026370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000261c0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n+000261d0: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n+000261e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000261f0: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__mac, Next: ne\n+00026210: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6e65 t__ne\n+00026220: 7874 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 xt_server, Prev\n+00026230: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__ip, Up: Speci\n+00026250: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00026260: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 ariables..15.1.3\n+00026270: 3120 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 1 net__mac.----------\n+00026290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000262a0: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n+000262b0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n+000262c0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+000262d0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e et__n\n+000262e0: 6578 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 ext_server, Nex\n+000262f0: 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 t: net__rootpath, Pr\n+00026310: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ev: net__mac, Up: Sp\n+00026330: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00026340: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00026350: 312e 3332 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 1.32 net__next_server\n+00026370: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n 00026380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026390: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n-000263a0: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n-000263b0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000263c0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-000263d0: 726f 6f74 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a rootpath, Next:\n-000263e0: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 net_default_int\n-000263f0: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e erface, Prev: n\n-00026400: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e et__n\n-00026410: 6578 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2055 703a ext_server, Up:\n-00026420: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00026430: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00026440: 3135 2e31 2e33 3320 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 15.1.33 net__rootpath\n-00026460: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00026390: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n+000263a0: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n+000263b0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000263c0: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__rootpath, Nex\n+000263e0: 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 t: net_default_i\n+000263f0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2050 7265 763a nterface, Prev:\n+00026400: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00026410: 5f6e 6578 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2055 _next_server, U\n+00026420: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00026430: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00026440: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3320 6e65 745f 3c49 ..15.1.33 net__rootpa\n+00026460: 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d th.-------------\n 00026470: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026480: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n-00026490: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-000264a0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-000264b0: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 et_default_inter\n-000264c0: 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 face, Next: net\n-000264d0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 5072 _default_ip, Pr\n-000264e0: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ev: net__rootpath, U\n-00026500: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00026510: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00026520: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3420 6e65 745f 6465 ..15.1.34 net_de\n-00026530: 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a fault_interface.\n-00026540: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n-00026560: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n-00026570: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00026580: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 fo, Node: net_d\n-00026590: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 4e65 7874 efault_ip, Next\n-000265a0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 : net_default_ma\n-000265b0: 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 c, Prev: net_de\n-000265c0: 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c fault_interface,\n-000265d0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-000265e0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-000265f0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3335 206e 6574 les..15.1.35 net\n-00026600: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 700a 2d2d 2d2d _default_ip.----\n+00026480: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n+00026490: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n+000264a0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000264b0: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 net_default_int\n+000264c0: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e erface, Next: n\n+000264d0: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 et_default_ip, \n+000264e0: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Prev: net__rootpath, \n+00026500: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00026510: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00026520: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3420 6e65 745f es..15.1.34 net_\n+00026530: 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 default_interfac\n+00026540: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n+00026550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00026560: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n+00026570: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00026580: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+00026590: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 4e65 _default_ip, Ne\n+000265a0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f xt: net_default_\n+000265b0: 6d61 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f mac, Prev: net_\n+000265c0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 default_interfac\n+000265d0: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 e, Up: Special \n+000265e0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+000265f0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3335 206e ables..15.1.35 n\n+00026600: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 700a 2d2d et_default_ip.--\n 00026610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026620: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n-00026630: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n-00026640: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00026650: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 632c net_default_mac,\n-00026660: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Next: net_defa\n-00026670: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2050 7265 ult_server, Pre\n-00026680: 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 v: net_default_i\n-00026690: 702c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 p, Up: Special \n-000266a0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-000266b0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3336 206e ables..15.1.36 n\n-000266c0: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 0a2d et_default_mac.-\n-000266d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000266e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n-000266f0: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n-00026700: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00026710: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f de: net_default_\n-00026720: 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 server, Next: p\n-00026730: 6167 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 ager, Prev: net\n-00026740: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 2055 _default_mac, U\n-00026750: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00026760: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00026770: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3720 6e65 745f 6465 ..15.1.37 net_de\n-00026780: 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d fault_server.---\n+00026620: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n+00026630: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n+00026640: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00026650: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 : net_default_ma\n+00026660: 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 c, Next: net_de\n+00026670: 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2050 fault_server, P\n+00026680: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 rev: net_default\n+00026690: 5f69 702c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 _ip, Up: Specia\n+000266a0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+000266b0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3336 riables..15.1.36\n+000266c0: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 net_default_mac\n+000266d0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+000266e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n+000266f0: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n+00026700: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00026710: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Node: net_defaul\n+00026720: 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a t_server, Next:\n+00026730: 2070 6167 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e pager, Prev: n\n+00026740: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 et_default_mac, \n+00026750: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00026760: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00026770: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3720 6e65 745f es..15.1.37 net_\n+00026780: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d default_server.-\n 00026790: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000267a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n-000267b0: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n-000267c0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000267d0: 6f64 653a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 204e 6578 ode: pager, Nex\n-000267e0: 743a 2070 7265 6669 782c 2020 5072 6576 t: prefix, Prev\n-000267f0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 : net_default_se\n-00026800: 7276 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 rver, Up: Speci\n-00026810: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00026820: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 ariables..15.1.3\n-00026830: 3820 7061 6765 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 8 pager.--------\n-00026840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7365 7420 746f -----..If set to\n-00026850: 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 2c20 7061 7573 6520 ...1..., pause \n-00026860: 6f75 7470 7574 2061 6674 6572 2065 6163 output after eac\n-00026870: 6820 7363 7265 656e 6675 6c20 616e 6420 h screenful and \n-00026880: 7761 6974 2066 6f72 206b 6579 626f 6172 wait for keyboar\n-00026890: 640a 696e 7075 742e 2020 5468 6520 6465 d.input. The de\n-000268a0: 6661 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2074 6f20 fault is not to \n-000268b0: 7061 7573 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f pause output....\n-000268c0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000268d0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7265 6669 782c , Node: prefix,\n-000268e0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 Next: pxe_blks\n-000268f0: 697a 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 6765 ize, Prev: page\n-00026900: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 r, Up: Special \n-00026910: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00026920: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3339 2070 ables..15.1.39 p\n-00026930: 7265 6669 780a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d refix.----------\n-00026940: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 ----..The locati\n-00026950: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f on of the .../bo\n-00026960: 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 ot/grub... direc\n-00026970: 746f 7279 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c tory as an absol\n-00026980: 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a 282a ute file name.(*\n-00026990: 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 note File name s\n-000269a0: 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 yntax::). This \n-000269b0: 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 is normally set \n-000269c0: 6279 2047 5255 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 by GRUB at start\n-000269d0: 7570 0a62 6173 6564 206f 6e20 696e 666f up.based on info\n-000269e0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 rmation provided\n-000269f0: 2062 7920 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 by ...grub-inst\n-00026a00: 616c 6ce2 8099 2e20 2047 5255 4220 6d6f all.... GRUB mo\n-00026a10: 6475 6c65 7320 6172 650a 6479 6e61 6d69 dules are.dynami\n-00026a20: 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 726f cally loaded fro\n-00026a30: 6d20 7468 6973 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 m this directory\n-00026a40: 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 , so it must be \n-00026a50: 7365 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 696e set correctly in\n-00026a60: 0a6f 7264 6572 2066 6f72 206d 616e 7920 .order for many \n-00026a70: 7061 7274 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f parts of GRUB to\n-00026a80: 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 work.....File: \n-00026a90: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00026aa0: 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 : pxe_blksize, \n-00026ab0: 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c Next: pxe_defaul\n-00026ac0: 745f 6761 7465 7761 792c 2020 5072 6576 t_gateway, Prev\n-00026ad0: 3a20 7072 6566 6978 2c20 2055 703a 2053 : prefix, Up: S\n-00026ae0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00026af0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00026b00: 2e31 2e34 3020 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a .1.40 pxe_blksiz\n-00026b10: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n-00026b20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n-00026b30: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n-00026b40: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00026b50: 653a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 e: pxe_default_g\n-00026b60: 6174 6577 6179 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 ateway, Next: p\n-00026b70: 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 xe_default_serve\n-00026b80: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7078 655f 626c r, Prev: pxe_bl\n-00026b90: 6b73 697a 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 ksize, Up: Spec\n-00026ba0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00026bb0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00026bc0: 3431 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 41 pxe_default_g\n-00026bd0: 6174 6577 6179 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ateway.---------\n+000267a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n+000267b0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n+000267c0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000267d0: 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 204e Node: pager, N\n+000267e0: 6578 743a 2070 7265 6669 782c 2020 5072 ext: prefix, Pr\n+000267f0: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f ev: net_default_\n+00026800: 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 server, Up: Spe\n+00026810: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00026820: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00026830: 2e33 3820 7061 6765 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .38 pager.------\n+00026840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7365 7420 -------..If set \n+00026850: 746f 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 2c20 7061 7573 to ...1..., paus\n+00026860: 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2061 6674 6572 2065 e output after e\n+00026870: 6163 6820 7363 7265 656e 6675 6c20 616e ach screenful an\n+00026880: 6420 7761 6974 2066 6f72 206b 6579 626f d wait for keybo\n+00026890: 6172 640a 696e 7075 742e 2020 5468 6520 ard.input. The \n+000268a0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2074 default is not t\n+000268b0: 6f20 7061 7573 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a o pause output..\n+000268c0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000268d0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7265 6669 fo, Node: prefi\n+000268e0: 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f 626c x, Next: pxe_bl\n+000268f0: 6b73 697a 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 ksize, Prev: pa\n+00026900: 6765 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ger, Up: Specia\n+00026910: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00026920: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3339 riables..15.1.39\n+00026930: 2070 7265 6669 780a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d prefix.--------\n+00026940: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6c6f 6361 ------..The loca\n+00026950: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 982f tion of the .../\n+00026960: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2064 6972 boot/grub... dir\n+00026970: 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 ectory as an abs\n+00026980: 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a olute file name.\n+00026990: 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 (*note File name\n+000269a0: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 syntax::). Thi\n+000269b0: 7320 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 7365 s is normally se\n+000269c0: 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6174 2073 7461 t by GRUB at sta\n+000269d0: 7274 7570 0a62 6173 6564 206f 6e20 696e rtup.based on in\n+000269e0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f76 6964 formation provid\n+000269f0: 6564 2062 7920 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e ed by ...grub-in\n+00026a00: 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2e20 2047 5255 4220 stall.... GRUB \n+00026a10: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6172 650a 6479 6e61 modules are.dyna\n+00026a20: 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 mically loaded f\n+00026a30: 726f 6d20 7468 6973 2064 6972 6563 746f rom this directo\n+00026a40: 7279 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 ry, so it must b\n+00026a50: 6520 7365 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 e set correctly \n+00026a60: 696e 0a6f 7264 6572 2066 6f72 206d 616e in.order for man\n+00026a70: 7920 7061 7274 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4220 y parts of GRUB \n+00026a80: 746f 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 to work.....File\n+00026a90: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00026aa0: 6465 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c de: pxe_blksize,\n+00026ab0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 Next: pxe_defa\n+00026ac0: 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 792c 2020 5072 ult_gateway, Pr\n+00026ad0: 6576 3a20 7072 6566 6978 2c20 2055 703a ev: prefix, Up:\n+00026ae0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00026af0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00026b00: 3135 2e31 2e34 3020 7078 655f 626c 6b73 15.1.40 pxe_blks\n+00026b10: 697a 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ize.------------\n+00026b20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n+00026b30: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n+00026b40: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00026b50: 6f64 653a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ode: pxe_default\n+00026b60: 5f67 6174 6577 6179 2c20 204e 6578 743a _gateway, Next:\n+00026b70: 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 pxe_default_ser\n+00026b80: 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7078 655f ver, Prev: pxe_\n+00026b90: 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 blksize, Up: Sp\n+00026ba0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00026bb0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00026bc0: 312e 3431 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 1.41 pxe_default\n+00026bd0: 5f67 6174 6577 6179 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _gateway.-------\n 00026be0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026bf0: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n-00026c00: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n-00026c10: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00026c20: 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 pxe_default_serv\n-00026c30: 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6f6f 742c er, Next: root,\n-00026c40: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 Prev: pxe_defa\n-00026c50: 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 792c 2020 5570 ult_gateway, Up\n-00026c60: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00026c70: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00026c80: 0a31 352e 312e 3432 2070 7865 5f64 6566 .15.1.42 pxe_def\n-00026c90: 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d ault_server.----\n+00026bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n+00026c00: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n+00026c10: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00026c20: 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 : pxe_default_se\n+00026c30: 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6f6f rver, Next: roo\n+00026c40: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7078 655f 6465 t, Prev: pxe_de\n+00026c50: 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 792c 2020 fault_gateway, \n+00026c60: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00026c70: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00026c80: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3432 2070 7865 5f64 s..15.1.42 pxe_d\n+00026c90: 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d efault_server.--\n 00026ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026cb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n-00026cc0: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n-00026cd0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00026ce0: 6465 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: root, Next:\n-00026cf0: 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 7265 shim_lock, Pre\n-00026d00: 763a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 v: pxe_default_s\n-00026d10: 6572 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 erver, Up: Spec\n-00026d20: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00026d30: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00026d40: 3433 2072 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 43 root.--------\n-00026d50: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 ----..The root d\n-00026d60: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 evice name (*not\n-00026d70: 6520 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a e Device syntax:\n-00026d80: 3a29 2e20 2041 6e79 2066 696c 6520 6e61 :). Any file na\n-00026d90: 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f0a 6e6f 7420 mes that do.not \n-00026da0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 616e 2065 7870 6c69 specify an expli\n-00026db0: 6369 7420 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 cit device name \n-00026dc0: 6172 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 are read from th\n-00026dd0: 6973 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 650a is device. The.\n-00026de0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 default is norma\n-00026df0: 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 lly set by GRUB \n-00026e00: 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 6173 6564 at startup based\n-00026e10: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 on the value of\n-00026e20: 0ae2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 282a ....prefix... (*\n-00026e30: 6e6f 7465 2070 7265 6669 783a 3a29 2e0a note prefix::)..\n-00026e40: 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c . For example,\n-00026e50: 2069 6620 4752 5542 2077 6173 2069 6e73 if GRUB was ins\n-00026e60: 7461 6c6c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 talled to the fi\n-00026e70: 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 rst partition of\n-00026e80: 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 the.first hard \n-00026e90: 6469 736b 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 8098 7072 disk, then ...pr\n-00026ea0: 6566 6978 e280 9920 6d69 6768 7420 6265 efix... might be\n-00026eb0: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9828 6864 302c set to ...(hd0,\n-00026ec0: 6d73 646f 7331 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 msdos1)/boot/gru\n-00026ed0: 62e2 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 b....and ...root\n-00026ee0: e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 6864 302c 6d73 ... to ...hd0,ms\n-00026ef0: 646f 7331 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 dos1........File\n-00026f00: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00026f10: 6465 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 de: shim_lock, \n-00026f20: 4e65 7874 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 Next: superusers\n-00026f30: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 , Prev: root, \n-00026f40: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00026f50: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00026f60: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3434 2073 6869 6d5f s..15.1.44 shim_\n-00026f70: 6c6f 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lock.-----------\n-00026f80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 ------..If this \n-00026f90: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 variable is set \n-00026fa0: 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2c20 6974 206d to ...y..., it m\n-00026fb0: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7368 eans that the sh\n-00026fc0: 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 7665 7269 6669 6572 im_lock verifier\n-00026fd0: 2069 730a 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 2028 is.registered (\n-00026fe0: 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 5545 4649 2073 see *note UEFI s\n-00026ff0: 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 ecure boot and s\n-00027000: 6869 6d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a him::).....File:\n-00027010: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00027020: 653a 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 732c 2020 e: superusers, \n-00027030: 4e65 7874 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 5072 Next: theme, Pr\n-00027040: 6576 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 ev: shim_lock, \n-00027050: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00027060: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00027070: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3435 2073 7570 6572 s..15.1.45 super\n-00027080: 7573 6572 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d users.----------\n-00027090: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 --------..This v\n-000270a0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 ariable may be s\n-000270b0: 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 et to a list of \n-000270c0: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 7320 superuser names \n-000270d0: 746f 2065 6e61 626c 650a 6175 7468 656e to enable.authen\n-000270e0: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 706f 7274 tication support\n-000270f0: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 . *Note Securit\n-00027100: 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 y::.....File: gr\n-00027110: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00027120: 7468 656d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7469 theme, Next: ti\n-00027130: 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7375 meout, Prev: su\n-00027140: 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 2055 703a 2053 perusers, Up: S\n-00027150: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00027160: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00027170: 2e31 2e34 3620 7468 656d 650a 2d2d 2d2d .1.46 theme.----\n-00027180: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 ---------..This \n-00027190: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 variable may be \n-000271a0: 7365 7420 746f 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f set to a directo\n-000271b0: 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 6120 ry containing a \n-000271c0: 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d GRUB graphical m\n-000271d0: 656e 750a 7468 656d 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 enu.theme. *Not\n-000271e0: 6520 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 e Theme file for\n-000271f0: 6d61 743a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 mat::... This \n-00027200: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 variable is ofte\n-00027210: 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 n set by ...GRUB\n-00027220: 5f54 4845 4d45 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 _THEME... (*note\n-00027230: 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple.configur\n-00027240: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ation::).....Fil\n-00027250: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00027260: 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 204e ode: timeout, N\n-00027270: 6578 743a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 ext: timeout_sty\n-00027280: 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6865 6d65 le, Prev: theme\n-00027290: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-000272a0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-000272b0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3720 7469 bles..15.1.47 ti\n-000272c0: 6d65 6f75 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d meout.----------\n-000272d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 -----..If this v\n-000272e0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 ariable is set, \n-000272f0: 6974 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 it specifies the\n-00027300: 2074 696d 6520 696e 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 time in seconds\n-00027310: 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 0a6b 6579 to wait for.key\n-00027320: 626f 6172 6420 696e 7075 7420 6265 666f board input befo\n-00027330: 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 re booting the d\n-00027340: 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 efault menu entr\n-00027350: 792e 2020 4120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 y. A timeout of\n-00027360: 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 ...0....means t\n-00027370: 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 o boot the defau\n-00027380: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 lt entry immedia\n-00027390: 7465 6c79 2077 6974 686f 7574 2064 6973 tely without dis\n-000273a0: 706c 6179 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 playing the menu\n-000273b0: 3b0a 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 20e2 ;.a timeout of .\n-000273c0: 8098 2d31 e280 9920 286f 7220 756e 7365 ..-1... (or unse\n-000273d0: 7429 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 7761 6974 t) means to wait\n-000273e0: 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a indefinitely...\n-000273f0: 2020 2049 6620 e280 9874 696d 656f 7574 If ...timeout\n-00027400: 5f73 7479 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 _style... (*note\n-00027410: 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 3a3a timeout_style::\n-00027420: 2920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9863 ) is set to ...c\n-00027430: 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 6f72 0ae2 ountdown... or..\n-00027440: 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 992c 2074 6865 ..hidden..., the\n-00027450: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 timeout is inst\n-00027460: 6561 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f ead counted befo\n-00027470: 7265 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 re the menu is d\n-00027480: 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 isplayed... Th\n-00027490: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f is variable is o\n-000274a0: 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 e280 9847 ften set by ...G\n-000274b0: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2028 RUB_TIMEOUT... (\n-000274c0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e *note Simple.con\n-000274d0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a figuration::)...\n-000274e0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000274f0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 o, Node: timeou\n-00027500: 745f 7374 796c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 t_style, Next: \n-00027510: 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 2c20 tpm_fail_fatal, \n-00027520: 2050 7265 763a 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 Prev: timeout, \n-00027530: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00027540: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00027550: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3820 7469 6d65 es..15.1.48 time\n-00027560: 6f75 745f 7374 796c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d out_style.------\n-00027570: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00027580: 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d .This variable m\n-00027590: 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 ay be set to ...\n-000275a0: 6d65 6e75 e280 992c 20e2 8098 636f 756e menu..., ...coun\n-000275b0: 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 tdown..., or ...\n-000275c0: 6869 6464 656e e280 9920 746f 2063 6f6e hidden... to con\n-000275d0: 7472 6f6c 0a74 6865 2077 6179 2069 6e20 trol.the way in \n-000275e0: 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 which the timeou\n-000275f0: 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 t (*note timeout\n-00027600: 3a3a 2920 696e 7465 7261 6374 7320 7769 ::) interacts wi\n-00027610: 7468 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 670a 7468 th displaying.th\n-00027620: 6520 6d65 6e75 2e20 2053 6565 2074 6865 e menu. See the\n-00027630: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 206f documentation o\n-00027640: 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 f ...GRUB_TIMEOU\n-00027650: 545f 5354 594c 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 T_STYLE... (*not\n-00027660: 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 e Simple.configu\n-00027670: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6465 ration::) for de\n-00027680: 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 tails.....File: \n-00027690: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000276a0: 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c : tpm_fail_fatal\n-000276b0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 696d 656f 7574 , Prev: timeout\n-000276c0: 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 _style, Up: Spe\n-000276d0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-000276e0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-000276f0: 2e34 3920 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 .49 tpm_fail_fat\n-00027700: 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d al.-------------\n-00027710: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 ---------..If th\n-00027720: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 is variable is s\n-00027730: 6574 2061 6e64 2074 7275 6520 2869 2e65 et and true (i.e\n-00027740: 2e2c 206e 6f74 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2230 ., not set to \"0\n-00027750: 222c 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2c0a 2264 6973 \", \"false\",.\"dis\n-00027760: 6162 6c65 222c 206f 7220 226e 6f22 292c able\", or \"no\"),\n-00027770: 2054 504d 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 TPM measurement\n-00027780: 7320 7468 6174 2066 6169 6c20 7769 6c6c s that fail will\n-00027790: 2062 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 0a66 be treated as.f\n-000277a0: 6174 616c 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 atal. Otherwise\n-000277b0: 2c20 7468 6579 2077 696c 6c20 6d65 7265 , they will mere\n-000277c0: 6c79 2062 6520 6465 6275 672d 6c6f 6767 ly be debug-logg\n-000277d0: 6564 2061 6e64 2062 6f6f 7420 7769 6c6c ed and boot will\n-000277e0: 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 .continue... C\n-000277f0: 616c 6c20 746f 2045 4649 2066 6972 6d77 all to EFI firmw\n-00027800: 6172 652c 206c 696b 6520 6861 7368 5f6c are, like hash_l\n-00027810: 6f67 5f65 7874 656e 645f 6576 656e 7428 og_extend_event(\n-00027820: 292c 2063 616e 2072 6574 7572 6e20 616e ), can return an\n-00027830: 0a75 6e6b 6e6f 776e 2065 7272 6f72 2c20 .unknown error, \n-00027840: 692e 652e 2020 6475 6520 746f 2062 7567 i.e. due to bug\n-00027850: 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2069 6e20 6669 726d present in firm\n-00027860: 7761 7265 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7468 6973 ware. When this\n-00027870: 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 6973 2073 6574 variable.is set\n-00027880: 2061 6e64 2074 7275 6520 2873 616d 6520 and true (same \n-00027890: 7661 6c75 6573 2061 7320 7769 7468 2054 values as with T\n-000278a0: 504d 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 7329 PM measurements)\n-000278b0: 2074 6869 7320 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e0a this situation.\n-000278c0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 will be consider\n-000278d0: 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2066 6174 616c 2061 ed to be fatal a\n-000278e0: 6e64 2065 7272 6f72 2d6c 6f67 6765 6420 nd error-logged \n-000278f0: 6173 2022 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e20 5450 4d20 as \"unknown TPM \n-00027900: 6572 726f 7222 2e0a 4966 206e 6f74 2073 error\"..If not s\n-00027910: 6574 2c20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 et, booting the \n-00027920: 4f53 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2065 6e61 626c OS will be enabl\n-00027930: 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ed.....File: gru\n-00027940: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 b.info, Node: E\n-00027950: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n-00027960: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 7065 6369 616c , Prev: Special\n-00027970: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00027980: 6961 626c 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2045 6e76 iables, Up: Env\n-00027990: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a0a 3135 2e32 2054 ironment..15.2 T\n-000279a0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 656e 7669 726f 6e6d he GRUB environm\n-000279b0: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ent block.======\n+00026cb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n+00026cc0: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n+00026cd0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00026ce0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 Node: root, Nex\n+00026cf0: 743a 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 t: shim_lock, P\n+00026d00: 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 rev: pxe_default\n+00026d10: 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 _server, Up: Sp\n+00026d20: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00026d30: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00026d40: 312e 3433 2072 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 1.43 root.------\n+00026d50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 726f 6f74 ------..The root\n+00026d60: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e device name (*n\n+00026d70: 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 ote Device synta\n+00026d80: 783a 3a29 2e20 2041 6e79 2066 696c 6520 x::). Any file \n+00026d90: 6e61 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f0a 6e6f names that do.no\n+00026da0: 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 616e 2065 7870 t specify an exp\n+00026db0: 6c69 6369 7420 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d licit device nam\n+00026dc0: 6520 6172 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 e are read from \n+00026dd0: 7468 6973 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 this device. Th\n+00026de0: 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f72 e.default is nor\n+00026df0: 6d61 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 mally set by GRU\n+00026e00: 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 6173 B at startup bas\n+00026e10: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 ed on the value \n+00026e20: 6f66 0ae2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 of....prefix... \n+00026e30: 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 7265 6669 783a 3a29 (*note prefix::)\n+00026e40: 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c ... For exampl\n+00026e50: 652c 2069 6620 4752 5542 2077 6173 2069 e, if GRUB was i\n+00026e60: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 nstalled to the \n+00026e70: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 first partition \n+00026e80: 6f66 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2068 6172 of the.first har\n+00026e90: 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 8098 d disk, then ...\n+00026ea0: 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 6d69 6768 7420 prefix... might \n+00026eb0: 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9828 6864 be set to ...(hd\n+00026ec0: 302c 6d73 646f 7331 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 0,msdos1)/boot/g\n+00026ed0: 7275 62e2 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 726f rub....and ...ro\n+00026ee0: 6f74 e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 6864 302c ot... to ...hd0,\n+00026ef0: 6d73 646f 7331 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 msdos1........Fi\n+00026f00: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00026f10: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c Node: shim_lock,\n+00026f20: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 Next: superuse\n+00026f30: 7273 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6f6f 742c rs, Prev: root,\n+00026f40: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00026f50: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00026f60: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3434 2073 6869 les..15.1.44 shi\n+00026f70: 6d5f 6c6f 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d m_lock.---------\n+00026f80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 --------..If thi\n+00026f90: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 s variable is se\n+00026fa0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2c20 6974 t to ...y..., it\n+00026fb0: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 means that the \n+00026fc0: 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 7665 7269 6669 shim_lock verifi\n+00026fd0: 6572 2069 730a 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 er is.registered\n+00026fe0: 2028 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 5545 4649 (see *note UEFI\n+00026ff0: 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 secure boot and\n+00027000: 2073 6869 6d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c shim::).....Fil\n+00027010: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00027020: 6f64 653a 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 732c ode: superusers,\n+00027030: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 Next: theme, \n+00027040: 5072 6576 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c Prev: shim_lock,\n+00027050: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00027060: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00027070: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3435 2073 7570 les..15.1.45 sup\n+00027080: 6572 7573 6572 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d erusers.--------\n+00027090: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 ----------..This\n+000270a0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 variable may be\n+000270b0: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6c69 7374 206f set to a list o\n+000270c0: 6620 7375 7065 7275 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 f superuser name\n+000270d0: 7320 746f 2065 6e61 626c 650a 6175 7468 s to enable.auth\n+000270e0: 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 706f entication suppo\n+000270f0: 7274 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 rt. *Note Secur\n+00027100: 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ity::.....File: \n+00027110: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00027120: 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : theme, Next: \n+00027130: 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 timeout, Prev: \n+00027140: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 2055 703a superusers, Up:\n+00027150: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00027160: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00027170: 3135 2e31 2e34 3620 7468 656d 650a 2d2d 15.1.46 theme.--\n+00027180: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n+00027190: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 s variable may b\n+000271a0: 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 2064 6972 6563 e set to a direc\n+000271b0: 746f 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 tory containing \n+000271c0: 6120 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c a GRUB graphical\n+000271d0: 206d 656e 750a 7468 656d 652e 2020 2a4e menu.theme. *N\n+000271e0: 6f74 6520 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 ote Theme file f\n+000271f0: 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 ormat::... Thi\n+00027200: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 s variable is of\n+00027210: 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 ten set by ...GR\n+00027220: 5542 5f54 4845 4d45 e280 9920 282a 6e6f UB_THEME... (*no\n+00027230: 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 te Simple.config\n+00027240: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 uration::).....F\n+00027250: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00027260: 204e 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 Node: timeout, \n+00027270: 204e 6578 743a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 Next: timeout_s\n+00027280: 7479 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6865 tyle, Prev: the\n+00027290: 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c me, Up: Special\n+000272a0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000272b0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3720 iables..15.1.47 \n+000272c0: 7469 6d65 6f75 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d timeout.--------\n+000272d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n+000272e0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n+000272f0: 2c20 6974 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 , it specifies t\n+00027300: 6865 2074 696d 6520 696e 2073 6563 6f6e he time in secon\n+00027310: 6473 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 0a6b ds to wait for.k\n+00027320: 6579 626f 6172 6420 696e 7075 7420 6265 eyboard input be\n+00027330: 666f 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 fore booting the\n+00027340: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e default menu en\n+00027350: 7472 792e 2020 4120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 try. A timeout \n+00027360: 6f66 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a6d 6561 6e73 of ...0....means\n+00027370: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 to boot the def\n+00027380: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6d6d 6564 ault entry immed\n+00027390: 6961 7465 6c79 2077 6974 686f 7574 2064 iately without d\n+000273a0: 6973 706c 6179 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d65 isplaying the me\n+000273b0: 6e75 3b0a 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 nu;.a timeout of\n+000273c0: 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 9920 286f 7220 756e ...-1... (or un\n+000273d0: 7365 7429 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 7761 set) means to wa\n+000273e0: 6974 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 656c 792e it indefinitely.\n+000273f0: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 e280 9874 696d 656f .. If ...timeo\n+00027400: 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ut_style... (*no\n+00027410: 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 te timeout_style\n+00027420: 3a3a 2920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ::) is set to ..\n+00027430: 9863 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 6f72 .countdown... or\n+00027440: 0ae2 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 992c 2074 ....hidden..., t\n+00027450: 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e he timeout is in\n+00027460: 7374 6561 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 stead counted be\n+00027470: 666f 7265 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 fore the menu is\n+00027480: 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 displayed... \n+00027490: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 This variable is\n+000274a0: 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 e280 often set by ..\n+000274b0: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 .GRUB_TIMEOUT...\n+000274c0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 (*note Simple.c\n+000274d0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e onfiguration::).\n+000274e0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000274f0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 nfo, Node: time\n+00027500: 6f75 745f 7374 796c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 out_style, Next\n+00027510: 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c : tpm_fail_fatal\n+00027520: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 696d 656f 7574 , Prev: timeout\n+00027530: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00027540: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00027550: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3820 7469 bles..15.1.48 ti\n+00027560: 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 650a 2d2d 2d2d meout_style.----\n+00027570: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00027580: 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 -..This variable\n+00027590: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 may be set to .\n+000275a0: 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 992c 20e2 8098 636f ..menu..., ...co\n+000275b0: 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 untdown..., or .\n+000275c0: 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 9920 746f 2063 ..hidden... to c\n+000275d0: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a74 6865 2077 6179 2069 ontrol.the way i\n+000275e0: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 7469 6d65 n which the time\n+000275f0: 6f75 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f out (*note timeo\n+00027600: 7574 3a3a 2920 696e 7465 7261 6374 7320 ut::) interacts \n+00027610: 7769 7468 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 670a with displaying.\n+00027620: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2e20 2053 6565 2074 the menu. See t\n+00027630: 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e he documentation\n+00027640: 206f 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 of ...GRUB_TIME\n+00027650: 4f55 545f 5354 594c 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e OUT_STYLE... (*n\n+00027660: 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 ote Simple.confi\n+00027670: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 guration::) for \n+00027680: 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 details.....File\n+00027690: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000276a0: 6465 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 de: tpm_fail_fat\n+000276b0: 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 696d 656f al, Prev: timeo\n+000276c0: 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 ut_style, Up: S\n+000276d0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+000276e0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+000276f0: 2e31 2e34 3920 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 .1.49 tpm_fail_f\n+00027700: 6174 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d atal.-----------\n+00027710: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 -----------..If \n+00027720: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 this variable is\n+00027730: 2073 6574 2061 6e64 2074 7275 6520 2869 set and true (i\n+00027740: 2e65 2e2c 206e 6f74 2073 6574 2074 6f20 .e., not set to \n+00027750: 2230 222c 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2c0a 2264 \"0\", \"false\",.\"d\n+00027760: 6973 6162 6c65 222c 206f 7220 226e 6f22 isable\", or \"no\"\n+00027770: 292c 2054 504d 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 ), TPM measureme\n+00027780: 6e74 7320 7468 6174 2066 6169 6c20 7769 nts that fail wi\n+00027790: 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 ll be treated as\n+000277a0: 0a66 6174 616c 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 .fatal. Otherwi\n+000277b0: 7365 2c20 7468 6579 2077 696c 6c20 6d65 se, they will me\n+000277c0: 7265 6c79 2062 6520 6465 6275 672d 6c6f rely be debug-lo\n+000277d0: 6767 6564 2061 6e64 2062 6f6f 7420 7769 gged and boot wi\n+000277e0: 6c6c 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 652e 0a0a 2020 ll.continue... \n+000277f0: 2043 616c 6c20 746f 2045 4649 2066 6972 Call to EFI fir\n+00027800: 6d77 6172 652c 206c 696b 6520 6861 7368 mware, like hash\n+00027810: 5f6c 6f67 5f65 7874 656e 645f 6576 656e _log_extend_even\n+00027820: 7428 292c 2063 616e 2072 6574 7572 6e20 t(), can return \n+00027830: 616e 0a75 6e6b 6e6f 776e 2065 7272 6f72 an.unknown error\n+00027840: 2c20 692e 652e 2020 6475 6520 746f 2062 , i.e. due to b\n+00027850: 7567 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2069 6e20 6669 ug present in fi\n+00027860: 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7468 rmware. When th\n+00027870: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 6973 2073 is variable.is s\n+00027880: 6574 2061 6e64 2074 7275 6520 2873 616d et and true (sam\n+00027890: 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2061 7320 7769 7468 e values as with\n+000278a0: 2054 504d 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 TPM measurement\n+000278b0: 7329 2074 6869 7320 7369 7475 6174 696f s) this situatio\n+000278c0: 6e0a 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636f 6e73 6964 n.will be consid\n+000278d0: 6572 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2066 6174 616c ered to be fatal\n+000278e0: 2061 6e64 2065 7272 6f72 2d6c 6f67 6765 and error-logge\n+000278f0: 6420 6173 2022 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e20 5450 d as \"unknown TP\n+00027900: 4d20 6572 726f 7222 2e0a 4966 206e 6f74 M error\"..If not\n+00027910: 2073 6574 2c20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 set, booting th\n+00027920: 6520 4f53 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2065 6e61 e OS will be ena\n+00027930: 626c 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 bled.....File: g\n+00027940: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00027950: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f Environment blo\n+00027960: 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 7065 6369 ck, Prev: Speci\n+00027970: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00027980: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2045 ariables, Up: E\n+00027990: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a0a 3135 2e32 nvironment..15.2\n+000279a0: 2054 6865 2047 5255 4220 656e 7669 726f The GRUB enviro\n+000279b0: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d nment block.====\n 000279c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000279d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 7420 6973 =========..It is\n-000279e0: 206f 6674 656e 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f often useful to\n-000279f0: 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6d65 be able to reme\n-00027a00: 6d62 6572 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 2061 6d6f mber a small amo\n-00027a10: 756e 7420 6f66 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 unt of informati\n-00027a20: 6f6e 0a66 726f 6d20 6f6e 6520 626f 6f74 on.from one boot\n-00027a30: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2e20 2046 to the next. F\n-00027a40: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 796f 7520 or example, you \n-00027a50: 6d69 6768 7420 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 might want to se\n-00027a60: 7420 7468 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 t the.default me\n-00027a70: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2062 6173 6564 206f nu entry based o\n-00027a80: 6e20 7768 6174 2077 6173 2073 656c 6563 n what was selec\n-00027a90: 7465 6420 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2074 696d ted the last tim\n-00027aa0: 652e 2020 4752 5542 0a64 656c 6962 6572 e. GRUB.deliber\n-00027ab0: 6174 656c 7920 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2069 ately does not i\n-00027ac0: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 7570 706f 7274 mplement support\n-00027ad0: 2066 6f72 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2066 696c for writing fil\n-00027ae0: 6573 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 0a6d es in order to.m\n-00027af0: 696e 696d 6973 6520 7468 6520 706f 7373 inimise the poss\n-00027b00: 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2062 ibility of the b\n-00027b10: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2062 6569 6e67 oot loader being\n-00027b20: 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 responsible for\n-00027b30: 2066 696c 650a 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f72 file.system cor\n-00027b40: 7275 7074 696f 6e2c 2073 6f20 6120 4752 ruption, so a GR\n-00027b50: 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e UB configuration\n-00027b60: 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 206a 7573 file cannot jus\n-00027b70: 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 0a66 696c 6520 t create a.file \n-00027b80: 696e 2074 6865 206f 7264 696e 6172 7920 in the ordinary \n-00027b90: 7761 792e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2047 way. 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(although yo\n-00027c70: 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2061 7373 u should not ass\n-00027c80: 756d 650a 7468 6973 292e 2020 4174 2062 ume.this). At b\n-00027c90: 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6520 e280 oot time, the ..\n-00027ca0: 986c 6f61 645f 656e 76e2 8099 2063 6f6d .load_env... com\n-00027cb0: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 mand (*note load\n-00027cc0: 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2920 6c6f 6164 730a 656e _env::) loads.en\n-00027cd0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00027ce0: 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 742c 2061 6e64 les from it, and\n-00027cf0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 the ...save_env\n-00027d00: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6176 655f ... (*note save_\n-00027d10: 656e 763a 3a29 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 env::).command s\n-00027d20: 6176 6573 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 aves environment\n-00027d30: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 6974 variables to it\n-00027d40: 2e20 2046 726f 6d20 6120 7275 6e6e 696e . From a runnin\n-00027d50: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 650a e280 g system, the...\n-00027d60: 9867 7275 622d 6564 6974 656e 76e2 8099 .grub-editenv...\n-00027d70: 2075 7469 6c69 7479 2063 616e 2062 6520 utility can be \n-00027d80: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6564 6974 2074 6865 used to edit the\n-00027d90: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n-00027da0: 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 7361 6665 ck... For safe\n-00027db0: 7479 2072 6561 736f 6e73 2c20 7468 6973 ty reasons, this\n-00027dc0: 2073 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 storage is only\n-00027dd0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2077 6865 6e20 available when \n-00027de0: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 0a61 2070 installed on.a p\n-00027df0: 6c61 696e 2064 6973 6b20 286e 6f20 4c56 lain disk (no LV\n-00027e00: 4d20 6f72 2052 4149 4429 2c20 7573 696e M or RAID), usin\n-00027e10: 6720 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6368 6563 6b73 756d g a non-checksum\n-00027e20: 6d69 6e67 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 ming filesystem \n-00027e30: 286e 6f0a 5a46 5329 2c20 616e 6420 7573 (no.ZFS), and us\n-00027e40: 696e 6720 4249 4f53 206f 7220 4546 4920 ing BIOS or EFI \n-00027e50: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 286e 6f20 4154 functions (no AT\n-00027e60: 412c 2055 5342 206f 7220 4945 4545 3132 A, USB or IEEE12\n-00027e70: 3735 292e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 75)... ...grub\n-00027e80: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2075 7365 -mkconfig... use\n-00027e90: 7320 7468 6973 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 s this facility \n-00027ea0: 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 20e2 8098 to implement ...\n-00027eb0: 4752 5542 5f53 4156 4544 4546 4155 4c54 GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT\n-00027ec0: e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c ....(*note Simpl\n-00027ed0: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a e configuration:\n-00027ee0: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n-00027ef0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d b.info, Node: M\n-00027f00: 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 odules, Next: C\n-00027f10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ommands, Prev: \n-00027f20: 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 2020 5570 Environment, Up\n-00027f30: 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3620 4d6f 6475 6c65 : Top..16 Module\n-00027f40: 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e s.**********..In\n-00027f50: 2074 6869 7320 6368 6170 7465 722c 2077 this chapter, w\n-00027f60: 6520 6c69 7374 2061 6c6c 206d 6f64 756c e list all modul\n-00027f70: 6573 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6176 6169 es that are avai\n-00027f80: 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2047 5255 420a 2863 lable in GRUB.(c\n-00027f90: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c urrently incompl\n-00027fa0: 6574 6529 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6475 6c65 ete)... Module\n-00027fb0: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 s can be loaded \n-00027fc0: 7669 6120 7468 6520 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f via the ...insmo\n-00027fd0: 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d d... (*note insm\n-00027fe0: 6f64 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a od::) command...\n-00027ff0: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2062 6c69 3a3a * Menu:..* bli::\n-00028000: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00028010: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 692c nfo, Node: bli,\n-00028020: 2020 5570 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 730a 0a31 Up: Modules..1\n-00028030: 362e 3120 626c 690a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 6.1 bli.========\n-00028040: 0a0a 5468 6973 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7072 ..This module pr\n-00028050: 6f76 6964 6573 2062 6173 6963 2073 7570 ovides basic sup\n-00028060: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2042 6f6f port for the Boo\n-00028070: 7420 4c6f 6164 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 t Loader Interfa\n-00028080: 6365 2e20 2054 6865 0a42 6f6f 7420 4c6f ce. The.Boot Lo\n-00028090: 6164 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2073 ader Interface s\n-000280a0: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 2073 6574 206f pecifies a set o\n-000280b0: 6620 4546 4920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 f EFI variables \n-000280c0: 7468 6174 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f that are used to\n-000280d0: 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7465 2062 6f6f .communicate boo\n-000280e0: 742d 7469 6d65 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 t-time informati\n-000280f0: 6f6e 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 2062 on between the b\n-00028100: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 616e 6420 7468 ootloader and th\n-00028110: 650a 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 e.operating syst\n-00028120: 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c em... The foll\n-00028130: 6f77 696e 6720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 owing variables \n-00028140: 6172 6520 706c 6163 6564 2075 6e64 6572 are placed under\n-00028150: 2074 6865 2076 656e 646f 7220 5555 4944 the vendor UUID\n-00028160: 0ae2 8098 3461 3637 6230 3832 2d30 6134 ....4a67b082-0a4\n-00028170: 632d 3431 6366 2d62 3663 372d 3434 3062 c-41cf-b6c7-440b\n-00028180: 3239 6262 3863 3466 e280 9920 7768 656e 29bb8c4f... when\n-00028190: 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206c the module is l\n-000281a0: 6f61 6465 643a 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2047 oaded:.. The G\n-000281b0: 5054 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2055 5549 PT partition UUI\n-000281c0: 4420 6f66 2074 6865 2045 4649 2053 7973 D of the EFI Sys\n-000281d0: 7465 6d20 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7573 tem Partition us\n-000281e0: 6564 2064 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 0a69 ed during boot.i\n-000281f0: 7320 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 7669 6120 s published via \n-00028200: 7468 6520 e280 984c 6f61 6465 7244 6576 the ...LoaderDev\n-00028210: 6963 6550 6172 7455 5549 44e2 8099 2076 icePartUUID... v\n-00028220: 6172 6961 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 426f ariable. The Bo\n-00028230: 6f74 204c 6f61 6465 720a 496e 7465 7266 ot Loader.Interf\n-00028240: 6163 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f ace specificatio\n-00028250: 6e20 7265 7175 6972 6573 2047 5054 2066 n requires GPT f\n-00028260: 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2064 7269 7665 732e ormatted drives.\n-00028270: 2020 5468 6520 626c 6920 6d6f 6475 6c65 The bli module\n-00028280: 0a69 676e 6f72 6573 2064 7269 7665 732f .ignores drives/\n-00028290: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 616e partitions in an\n-000282a0: 7920 6f74 6865 7220 666f 726d 6174 2e20 y other format. \n-000282b0: 2049 6620 4752 5542 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 If GRUB is load\n-000282c0: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 610a 6e6f 6e2d 4750 ed from a.non-GP\n-000282d0: 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2065 2e67 T partition, e.g\n-000282e0: 2e20 2066 726f 6d20 616e 204d 5344 4f53 . from an MSDOS\n-000282f0: 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2064 7269 7665 formatted drive\n-00028300: 206f 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2074 6869 or network, thi\n-00028310: 730a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 s.variable will \n-00028320: 6e6f 7420 6265 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 not be set... \n-00028330: 4120 7374 7269 6e67 2069 6465 6e74 6966 A string identif\n-00028340: 7969 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6173 2074 6865 ying GRUB as the\n-00028350: 2061 6374 6976 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 active bootload\n-00028360: 6572 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 6865 er including the\n-00028370: 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 .version number \n-00028380: 6973 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 8098 is stored in ...\n-00028390: 4c6f 6164 6572 496e 666f e280 992e 0a0a LoaderInfo......\n-000283a0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 This module i\n-000283b0: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n-000283c0: 206f 6e20 5545 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 on UEFI platfor\n-000283d0: 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ms.....File: gru\n-000283e0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 b.info, Node: C\n-000283f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ommands, Next: \n-00028400: 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 Internationalisa\n-00028410: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 6f64 tion, Prev: Mod\n-00028420: 756c 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a ules, Up: Top..\n-00028430: 3137 2041 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 17 Available com\n-00028440: 6d61 6e64 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a mands.**********\n-00028450: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a49 6e20 ***********..In \n-00028460: 7468 6973 2063 6861 7074 6572 2c20 7765 this chapter, we\n-00028470: 206c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e list all comman\n-00028480: 6473 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6176 6169 ds that are avai\n-00028490: 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2047 5255 422e 0a0a lable in GRUB...\n-000284a0: 2020 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6265 6c6f Commands belo\n-000284b0: 6e67 2074 6f20 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 ng to different \n-000284c0: 6772 6f75 7073 2e20 2041 2066 6577 2063 groups. A few c\n-000284d0: 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 an only be used \n-000284e0: 696e 2074 6865 0a67 6c6f 6261 6c20 7365 in the.global se\n-000284f0: 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6e ction of the con\n-00028500: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-00028510: 286f 7220 226d 656e 7522 293b 206d 6f73 (or \"menu\"); mos\n-00028520: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 6d20 6361 6e0a 6265 t of them can.be\n-00028530: 2065 6e74 6572 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 entered on the \n-00028540: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 command-line and\n-00028550: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2065 6974 can be used eit\n-00028560: 6865 7220 616e 7977 6865 7265 2069 6e20 her anywhere in \n-00028570: 7468 650a 6d65 6e75 206f 7220 7370 6563 the.menu or spec\n-00028580: 6966 6963 616c 6c79 2069 6e20 7468 6520 ifically in the \n-00028590: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 menu entries... \n-000285a0: 2020 496e 2072 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 In rescue mode\n-000285b0: 2c20 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 20e2 8098 696e , only the ...in\n-000285c0: 736d 6f64 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 smod... (*note i\n-000285d0: 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2c20 e280 986c 73e2 nsmod::), ...ls.\n-000285e0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 3a3a 292c .. (*note.ls::),\n-000285f0: 20e2 8098 7365 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ...set... (*not\n-00028600: 6520 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 e280 e set::), and ..\n-00028610: 9875 6e73 6574 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 .unset... (*note\n-00028620: 2075 6e73 6574 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e unset::) comman\n-00028630: 6473 2061 7265 0a6e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 ds are.normally \n-00028640: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 4966 2079 available. If y\n-00028650: 6f75 2065 6e64 2075 7020 696e 2072 6573 ou end up in res\n-00028660: 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 6e64 2064 6f20 cue mode and do \n-00028670: 6e6f 7420 6b6e 6f77 2077 6861 740a 746f not know what.to\n-00028680: 2064 6f2c 2074 6865 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 do, then *note \n-00028690: 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 GRUB only offers\n-000286a0: 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c3a a rescue shell:\n-000286b0: 3a2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204d :...* Menu:..* M\n-000286c0: 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d enu-specific com\n-000286d0: 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 4c6f 6164 6572 mands::.* Loader\n-000286e0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 4765 commands::.* Ge\n-000286f0: 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a neral commands::\n-00028700: 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 .* Command-line \n-00028710: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 204e 6574 commands::.* Net\n-00028720: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n-00028730: 3a3a 0a2a 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 ::.* Undocumente\n-00028740: 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a d commands::....\n-00028750: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00028760: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 Node: Menu-spe\n-00028770: 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 cific commands, \n-00028780: 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f Next: Loader co\n-00028790: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d mmands, Up: Com\n-000287a0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3120 436f 6d6d mands..17.1 Comm\n-000287b0: 616e 6473 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e ands for the men\n-000287c0: 7520 6f6e 6c79 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d u only.=========\n+000279d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 7420 ===========..It \n+000279e0: 6973 206f 6674 656e 2075 7365 6675 6c20 is often useful \n+000279f0: 746f 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 to be able to re\n+00027a00: 6d65 6d62 6572 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 2061 member a small a\n+00027a10: 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 mount of informa\n+00027a20: 7469 6f6e 0a66 726f 6d20 6f6e 6520 626f tion.from one bo\n+00027a30: 6f74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2e20 ot to the next. \n+00027a40: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 796f For example, yo\n+00027a50: 7520 6d69 6768 7420 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 u might want to \n+00027a60: 7365 7420 7468 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 set the.default \n+00027a70: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2062 6173 6564 menu entry based\n+00027a80: 206f 6e20 7768 6174 2077 6173 2073 656c on what was sel\n+00027a90: 6563 7465 6420 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2074 ected the last t\n+00027aa0: 696d 652e 2020 4752 5542 0a64 656c 6962 ime. GRUB.delib\n+00027ab0: 6572 6174 656c 7920 646f 6573 206e 6f74 erately does not\n+00027ac0: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 7570 706f implement suppo\n+00027ad0: 7274 2066 6f72 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2066 rt for writing f\n+00027ae0: 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f iles in order to\n+00027af0: 0a6d 696e 696d 6973 6520 7468 6520 706f .minimise the po\n+00027b00: 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2074 6865 ssibility of the\n+00027b10: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2062 6569 boot loader bei\n+00027b20: 6e67 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 ng responsible f\n+00027b30: 6f72 2066 696c 650a 7379 7374 656d 2063 or file.system c\n+00027b40: 6f72 7275 7074 696f 6e2c 2073 6f20 6120 orruption, so a \n+00027b50: 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 GRUB configurati\n+00027b60: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 206a on file cannot j\n+00027b70: 7573 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 0a66 696c ust create a.fil\n+00027b80: 6520 696e 2074 6865 206f 7264 696e 6172 e in the ordinar\n+00027b90: 7920 7761 792e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c y way. However,\n+00027ba0: 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 GRUB provides a\n+00027bb0: 6e20 2265 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 n \"environment b\n+00027bc0: 6c6f 636b 220a 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 lock\".which can \n+00027bd0: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 6176 6520 be used to save \n+00027be0: 6120 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 206f a small amount o\n+00027bf0: 6620 7374 6174 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 f state... The\n+00027c00: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n+00027c10: 636b 2069 7320 6120 7072 6561 6c6c 6f63 ck is a prealloc\n+00027c20: 6174 6564 2031 3032 342d 6279 7465 2066 ated 1024-byte f\n+00027c30: 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 0a6e 6f72 6d61 ile, which.norma\n+00027c40: 6c6c 7920 6c69 7665 7320 696e 20e2 8098 lly lives in ...\n+00027c50: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 6265 /boot/grub/grube\n+00027c60: 6e76 e280 9920 2861 6c74 686f 7567 6820 nv... (although \n+00027c70: 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2061 you should not a\n+00027c80: 7373 756d 650a 7468 6973 292e 2020 4174 ssume.this). At\n+00027c90: 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6520 boot time, the \n+00027ca0: e280 986c 6f61 645f 656e 76e2 8099 2063 ...load_env... c\n+00027cb0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f ommand (*note lo\n+00027cc0: 6164 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2920 6c6f 6164 730a ad_env::) loads.\n+00027cd0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00027ce0: 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 742c 2061 ables from it, a\n+00027cf0: 6e64 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7361 7665 5f65 nd the ...save_e\n+00027d00: 6e76 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6176 nv... (*note sav\n+00027d10: 655f 656e 763a 3a29 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e_env::).command\n+00027d20: 2073 6176 6573 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 saves environme\n+00027d30: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 nt variables to \n+00027d40: 6974 2e20 2046 726f 6d20 6120 7275 6e6e it. From a runn\n+00027d50: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 650a ing system, the.\n+00027d60: e280 9867 7275 622d 6564 6974 656e 76e2 ...grub-editenv.\n+00027d70: 8099 2075 7469 6c69 7479 2063 616e 2062 .. utility can b\n+00027d80: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6564 6974 2074 e used to edit t\n+00027d90: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 he environment b\n+00027da0: 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 7361 lock... For sa\n+00027db0: 6665 7479 2072 6561 736f 6e73 2c20 7468 fety reasons, th\n+00027dc0: 6973 2073 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 6f6e is storage is on\n+00027dd0: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2077 6865 ly available whe\n+00027de0: 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 0a61 n installed on.a\n+00027df0: 2070 6c61 696e 2064 6973 6b20 286e 6f20 plain disk (no \n+00027e00: 4c56 4d20 6f72 2052 4149 4429 2c20 7573 LVM or RAID), us\n+00027e10: 696e 6720 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6368 6563 6b73 ing a non-checks\n+00027e20: 756d 6d69 6e67 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 umming filesyste\n+00027e30: 6d20 286e 6f0a 5a46 5329 2c20 616e 6420 m (no.ZFS), and \n+00027e40: 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 206f 7220 4546 using BIOS or EF\n+00027e50: 4920 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 286e 6f20 I functions (no \n+00027e60: 4154 412c 2055 5342 206f 7220 4945 4545 ATA, USB or IEEE\n+00027e70: 3132 3735 292e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 1275)... ...gr\n+00027e80: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2075 ub-mkconfig... u\n+00027e90: 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 6163 696c 6974 ses this facilit\n+00027ea0: 7920 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 20e2 y to implement .\n+00027eb0: 8098 4752 5542 5f53 4156 4544 4546 4155 ..GRUB_SAVEDEFAU\n+00027ec0: 4c54 e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d LT....(*note Sim\n+00027ed0: 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple configuratio\n+00027ee0: 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 n::).....File: g\n+00027ef0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00027f00: 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a Modules, Next:\n+00027f10: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 Commands, Prev\n+00027f20: 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 2020 : Environment, \n+00027f30: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3620 4d6f 6475 Up: Top..16 Modu\n+00027f40: 6c65 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a les.**********..\n+00027f50: 496e 2074 6869 7320 6368 6170 7465 722c In this chapter,\n+00027f60: 2077 6520 6c69 7374 2061 6c6c 206d 6f64 we list all mod\n+00027f70: 756c 6573 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6176 ules that are av\n+00027f80: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2047 5255 420a ailable in GRUB.\n+00027f90: 2863 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2069 6e63 6f6d (currently incom\n+00027fa0: 706c 6574 6529 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6475 plete)... Modu\n+00027fb0: 6c65 7320 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 les can be loade\n+00027fc0: 6420 7669 6120 7468 6520 e280 9869 6e73 d via the ...ins\n+00027fd0: 6d6f 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e mod... (*note in\n+00027fe0: 736d 6f64 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e smod::) command.\n+00027ff0: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2062 6c69 ..* Menu:..* bli\n+00028000: 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ::....File: grub\n+00028010: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c .info, Node: bl\n+00028020: 692c 2020 5570 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 730a i, Up: Modules.\n+00028030: 0a31 362e 3120 626c 690a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .16.1 bli.======\n+00028040: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6973 206d 6f64 756c 6520 ==..This module \n+00028050: 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2062 6173 6963 2073 provides basic s\n+00028060: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2042 upport for the B\n+00028070: 6f6f 7420 4c6f 6164 6572 2049 6e74 6572 oot Loader Inter\n+00028080: 6661 6365 2e20 2054 6865 0a42 6f6f 7420 face. The.Boot \n+00028090: 4c6f 6164 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 Loader Interface\n+000280a0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 2073 6574 specifies a set\n+000280b0: 206f 6620 4546 4920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 of EFI variable\n+000280c0: 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 s that are used \n+000280d0: 746f 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7465 2062 to.communicate b\n+000280e0: 6f6f 742d 7469 6d65 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 oot-time informa\n+000280f0: 7469 6f6e 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 tion between the\n+00028100: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 616e 6420 bootloader and \n+00028110: 7468 650a 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 the.operating sy\n+00028120: 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 666f stem... The fo\n+00028130: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 llowing variable\n+00028140: 7320 6172 6520 706c 6163 6564 2075 6e64 s are placed und\n+00028150: 6572 2074 6865 2076 656e 646f 7220 5555 er the vendor UU\n+00028160: 4944 0ae2 8098 3461 3637 6230 3832 2d30 ID....4a67b082-0\n+00028170: 6134 632d 3431 6366 2d62 3663 372d 3434 a4c-41cf-b6c7-44\n+00028180: 3062 3239 6262 3863 3466 e280 9920 7768 0b29bb8c4f... wh\n+00028190: 656e 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 en the module is\n+000281a0: 206c 6f61 6465 643a 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 loaded:.. The\n+000281b0: 2047 5054 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2055 GPT partition U\n+000281c0: 5549 4420 6f66 2074 6865 2045 4649 2053 UID of the EFI S\n+000281d0: 7973 7465 6d20 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 ystem Partition \n+000281e0: 7573 6564 2064 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 used during boot\n+000281f0: 0a69 7320 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 7669 .is published vi\n+00028200: 6120 7468 6520 e280 984c 6f61 6465 7244 a the ...LoaderD\n+00028210: 6576 6963 6550 6172 7455 5549 44e2 8099 evicePartUUID...\n+00028220: 2076 6172 6961 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 variable. The \n+00028230: 426f 6f74 204c 6f61 6465 720a 496e 7465 Boot Loader.Inte\n+00028240: 7266 6163 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 rface specificat\n+00028250: 696f 6e20 7265 7175 6972 6573 2047 5054 ion requires GPT\n+00028260: 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2064 7269 7665 formatted drive\n+00028270: 732e 2020 5468 6520 626c 6920 6d6f 6475 s. The bli modu\n+00028280: 6c65 0a69 676e 6f72 6573 2064 7269 7665 le.ignores drive\n+00028290: 732f 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 s/partitions in \n+000282a0: 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 666f 726d 6174 any other format\n+000282b0: 2e20 2049 6620 4752 5542 2069 7320 6c6f . If GRUB is lo\n+000282c0: 6164 6564 2066 726f 6d20 610a 6e6f 6e2d aded from a.non-\n+000282d0: 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2065 GPT partition, e\n+000282e0: 2e67 2e20 2066 726f 6d20 616e 204d 5344 .g. from an MSD\n+000282f0: 4f53 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2064 7269 OS formatted dri\n+00028300: 7665 206f 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2074 ve or network, t\n+00028310: 6869 730a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c his.variable wil\n+00028320: 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 l not be set... \n+00028330: 2020 4120 7374 7269 6e67 2069 6465 6e74 A string ident\n+00028340: 6966 7969 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6173 2074 ifying GRUB as t\n+00028350: 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f he active bootlo\n+00028360: 6164 6572 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 ader including t\n+00028370: 6865 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 he.version numbe\n+00028380: 7220 6973 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 r is stored in .\n+00028390: 8098 4c6f 6164 6572 496e 666f e280 992e ..LoaderInfo....\n+000283a0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 .. This module\n+000283b0: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 is only availab\n+000283c0: 6c65 206f 6e20 5545 4649 2070 6c61 7466 le on UEFI platf\n+000283d0: 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 orms.....File: g\n+000283e0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000283f0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 Commands, Next\n+00028400: 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 : Internationali\n+00028410: 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d sation, Prev: M\n+00028420: 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 odules, Up: Top\n+00028430: 0a0a 3137 2041 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 ..17 Available c\n+00028440: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ommands.********\n+00028450: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a49 *************..I\n+00028460: 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6861 7074 6572 2c20 n this chapter, \n+00028470: 7765 206c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 636f 6d6d we list all comm\n+00028480: 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6176 ands that are av\n+00028490: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2047 5255 422e ailable in GRUB.\n+000284a0: 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6265 .. Commands be\n+000284b0: 6c6f 6e67 2074 6f20 6469 6666 6572 656e long to differen\n+000284c0: 7420 6772 6f75 7073 2e20 2041 2066 6577 t groups. A few\n+000284d0: 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 can only be use\n+000284e0: 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a67 6c6f 6261 6c20 d in the.global \n+000284f0: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2063 section of the c\n+00028500: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00028510: 6520 286f 7220 226d 656e 7522 293b 206d e (or \"menu\"); m\n+00028520: 6f73 7420 6f66 2074 6865 6d20 6361 6e0a ost of them can.\n+00028530: 6265 2065 6e74 6572 6564 206f 6e20 7468 be entered on th\n+00028540: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 e command-line a\n+00028550: 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2065 nd can be used e\n+00028560: 6974 6865 7220 616e 7977 6865 7265 2069 ither anywhere i\n+00028570: 6e20 7468 650a 6d65 6e75 206f 7220 7370 n the.menu or sp\n+00028580: 6563 6966 6963 616c 6c79 2069 6e20 7468 ecifically in th\n+00028590: 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a e menu entries..\n+000285a0: 0a20 2020 496e 2072 6573 6375 6520 6d6f . In rescue mo\n+000285b0: 6465 2c20 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 20e2 8098 de, only the ...\n+000285c0: 696e 736d 6f64 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 insmod... (*note\n+000285d0: 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2c20 e280 986c insmod::), ...l\n+000285e0: 73e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 3a3a s... (*note.ls::\n+000285f0: 292c 20e2 8098 7365 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e ), ...set... (*n\n+00028600: 6f74 6520 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 ote set::), and \n+00028610: e280 9875 6e73 6574 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ...unset... (*no\n+00028620: 7465 2075 6e73 6574 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d te unset::) comm\n+00028630: 616e 6473 2061 7265 0a6e 6f72 6d61 6c6c ands are.normall\n+00028640: 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 4966 y available. If\n+00028650: 2079 6f75 2065 6e64 2075 7020 696e 2072 you end up in r\n+00028660: 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 6e64 2064 escue mode and d\n+00028670: 6f20 6e6f 7420 6b6e 6f77 2077 6861 740a o not know what.\n+00028680: 746f 2064 6f2c 2074 6865 6e20 2a6e 6f74 to do, then *not\n+00028690: 6520 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 e GRUB only offe\n+000286a0: 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c rs a rescue shel\n+000286b0: 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a l::...* Menu:..*\n+000286c0: 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 Menu-specific c\n+000286d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 4c6f 6164 ommands::.* Load\n+000286e0: 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 er commands::.* \n+000286f0: 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 General commands\n+00028700: 3a3a 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e ::.* Command-lin\n+00028710: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 204e e commands::.* N\n+00028720: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n+00028730: 6473 3a3a 0a2a 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e ds::.* Undocumen\n+00028740: 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a0a ted commands::..\n+00028750: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00028760: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 o, Node: Menu-s\n+00028770: 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 pecific commands\n+00028780: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 , Next: Loader \n+00028790: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 commands, Up: C\n+000287a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3120 436f ommands..17.1 Co\n+000287b0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d mmands for the m\n+000287c0: 656e 7520 6f6e 6c79 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d enu only.=======\n 000287d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000287e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7365 6d61 ======..The sema\n-000287f0: 6e74 6963 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e20 7061 ntics used in pa\n-00028800: 7273 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 rsing the config\n-00028810: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2061 7265 uration file are\n-00028820: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a the following:.\n-00028830: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 6669 6c65 . ... The file\n-00028840: 7320 5f6d 7573 745f 2062 6520 696e 2070 s _must_ be in p\n-00028850: 6c61 696e 2d74 6578 7420 666f 726d 6174 lain-text format\n-00028860: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9823 e280 ... ... ...#..\n-00028870: 9920 6174 2074 6865 2062 6567 696e 6e69 . at the beginni\n-00028880: 6e67 206f 6620 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 6e20 ng of a line in \n-00028890: 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 a configuration \n-000288a0: 6669 6c65 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 6973 file means it is\n-000288b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 2061 2063 6f6d . only a com\n-000288c0: 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4f70 ment... ... Op\n-000288d0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7365 7061 7261 tions are separa\n-000288e0: 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a ted by spaces...\n-000288f0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 6c6c 206e 756d 6265 ... All numbe\n-00028900: 7273 2063 616e 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 rs can be either\n-00028910: 2064 6563 696d 616c 206f 7220 6865 7861 decimal or hexa\n-00028920: 6465 6369 6d61 6c2e 2020 4120 6865 7861 decimal. A hexa\n-00028930: 6465 6369 6d61 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 756d decimal. num\n-00028940: 6265 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7072 6563 ber must be prec\n-00028950: 6564 6564 2062 7920 e280 9830 78e2 8099 eded by ...0x...\n-00028960: 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2063 6173 652d 696e , and is case-in\n-00028970: 7365 6e73 6974 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 sensitive... T\n-00028980: 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6361 hese commands ca\n-00028990: 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 n only be used i\n-000289a0: 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204d n the menu:..* M\n-000289b0: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 enu:..* menuentr\n-000289c0: 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y:: \n-000289d0: 2020 2020 2020 5374 6172 7420 6120 6d65 Start a me\n-000289e0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a 2073 7562 6d65 nu entry.* subme\n-000289f0: 6e75 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nu:: \n-00028a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 726f 7570 206d Group m\n-00028a10: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 0a1f 0a46 enu entries....F\n-00028a20: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00028a30: 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 Node: menuentry\n-00028a40: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 , Next: submenu\n-00028a50: 2c20 2055 703a 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 , Up: Menu-spec\n-00028a60: 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ific commands..1\n-00028a70: 372e 312e 3120 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 790a 7.1.1 menuentry.\n-00028a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00028a90: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206d .. -- Command: m\n-00028aa0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 205b enuentry TITLE [\n-00028ab0: 2d2d 636c 6173 733d 636c 6173 7320 2e2e --class=class ..\n-00028ac0: 2e5d 205b 2d2d 7573 6572 733d 7573 6572 .] [--users=user\n-00028ad0: 735d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d s]. [--\n-00028ae0: 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 5d20 5b2d unrestricted] [-\n-00028af0: 2d68 6f74 6b65 793d 6b65 795d 205b 2d2d -hotkey=key] [--\n-00028b00: 6964 3d69 645d 205b 4152 4720 2e2e 2e5d id=id] [ARG ...]\n-00028b10: 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b0a 2020 2020 { COMMAND;. \n-00028b20: 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 ... }. \n-00028b30: 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 This defines a \n-00028b40: 4752 5542 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 GRUB menu entry \n-00028b50: 6e61 6d65 6420 5449 544c 452e 2020 5768 named TITLE. Wh\n-00028b60: 656e 2074 6869 7320 656e 7472 7920 6973 en this entry is\n-00028b70: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2066 . selected f\n-00028b80: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 4752 rom the menu, GR\n-00028b90: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 UB will set the \n-00028ba0: 4348 4f53 454e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 CHOSEN environme\n-00028bb0: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 nt. variable\n-00028bc0: 2074 6f20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 to value of ...\n-00028bd0: 2d2d 6964 e280 9920 6966 20e2 8098 2d2d --id... if ...--\n-00028be0: 6964 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 id... is given, \n-00028bf0: 6578 6563 7574 6520 7468 6520 6c69 7374 execute the list\n-00028c00: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 of. command\n-00028c10: 7320 6769 7665 6e20 7769 7468 696e 2062 s given within b\n-00028c20: 7261 6365 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7468 races, and if th\n-00028c30: 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 e last command i\n-00028c40: 6e20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 n the list. \n-00028c50: 7265 7475 726e 6564 2073 7563 6365 7373 returned success\n-00028c60: 6675 6c6c 7920 616e 6420 6120 6b65 726e fully and a kern\n-00028c70: 656c 2077 6173 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6974 el was loaded it\n-00028c80: 2077 696c 6c20 6578 6563 7574 6520 7468 will execute th\n-00028c90: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 e. ...boot..\n-00028ca0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 . command... \n-00028cb0: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 636c 6173 73e2 The ...--class.\n-00028cc0: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 .. option may be\n-00028cd0: 2075 7365 6420 616e 7920 6e75 6d62 6572 used any number\n-00028ce0: 206f 6620 7469 6d65 7320 746f 2067 726f of times to gro\n-00028cf0: 7570 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 up menu. ent\n-00028d00: 7269 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 636c 6173 7365 ries into classe\n-00028d10: 732e 2020 4d65 6e75 2074 6865 6d65 7320 s. Menu themes \n-00028d20: 6d61 7920 6469 7370 6c61 7920 6469 6666 may display diff\n-00028d30: 6572 656e 7420 636c 6173 7365 730a 2020 erent classes. \n-00028d40: 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2064 6966 6665 7265 using differe\n-00028d50: 6e74 2073 7479 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 nt styles... \n-00028d60: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7573 6572 73e2 The ...--users.\n-00028d70: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6772 616e 7473 .. option grants\n-00028d80: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 7573 6572 7320 specific users \n-00028d90: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 access to specif\n-00028da0: 6963 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 ic menu. ent\n-00028db0: 7269 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 ries. *Note Sec\n-00028dc0: 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 urity::... T\n-00028dd0: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 he ...--unrestri\n-00028de0: 6374 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2067 cted... option g\n-00028df0: 7261 6e74 7320 616c 6c20 7573 6572 7320 rants all users \n-00028e00: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 access to specif\n-00028e10: 6963 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ic. menu ent\n-00028e20: 7269 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 ries. *Note Sec\n-00028e30: 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 urity::... T\n-00028e40: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 e280 he ...--hotkey..\n-00028e50: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7373 6f63 6961 . option associa\n-00028e60: 7465 7320 6120 686f 746b 6579 2077 6974 tes a hotkey wit\n-00028e70: 6820 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 h a menu entry. \n-00028e80: 204b 4559 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 7920 6265 KEY. may be\n-00028e90: 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 6c65 7474 6572 a single letter\n-00028ea0: 2c20 6f72 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 , or one of the \n-00028eb0: 616c 6961 7365 7320 e280 9862 6163 6b73 aliases ...backs\n-00028ec0: 7061 6365 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7461 62e2 pace..., ...tab.\n-00028ed0: 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 206f 7220 e280 9864 ..,. or ...d\n-00028ee0: 656c 6574 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 elete...... \n-00028ef0: 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d69 64e2 8099 206d The ...--id... m\n-00028f00: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6173 ay be used to as\n-00028f10: 736f 6369 6174 6520 756e 6971 7565 2069 sociate unique i\n-00028f20: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 7769 7468 2061 dentifier with a\n-00028f30: 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 menu. entry\n-00028f40: 2e20 2049 4420 6973 2073 7472 696e 6720 . ID is string \n-00028f50: 6f66 2041 5343 4949 2061 7068 616e 756d of ASCII aphanum\n-00028f60: 6572 6963 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 732c eric characters,\n-00028f70: 2075 6e64 6572 7363 6f72 650a 2020 2020 underscore. \n-00028f80: 2061 6e64 2068 7970 6865 6e20 616e 6420 and hyphen and \n-00028f90: 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2073 7461 7274 should not start\n-00028fa0: 2077 6974 6820 6120 6469 6769 742e 0a0a with a digit...\n-00028fb0: 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2061 All other a\n-00028fc0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 rguments includi\n-00028fd0: 6e67 2054 4954 4c45 2061 7265 2070 6173 ng TITLE are pas\n-00028fe0: 7365 6420 6173 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 sed as positiona\n-00028ff0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 l. parameter\n-00029000: 7320 7768 656e 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 s when list of c\n-00029010: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2065 7865 6375 ommands is execu\n-00029020: 7465 6420 7769 7468 2054 4954 4c45 2061 ted with TITLE a\n-00029030: 6c77 6179 730a 2020 2020 2061 7373 6967 lways. assig\n-00029040: 6e65 6420 746f 20e2 8098 2431 e280 992e ned to ...$1....\n-00029050: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00029060: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 626d nfo, Node: subm\n-00029070: 656e 752c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 6e75 enu, Prev: menu\n-00029080: 656e 7472 792c 2020 5570 3a20 4d65 6e75 entry, Up: Menu\n-00029090: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e -specific comman\n-000290a0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e31 2e32 2073 7562 6d65 ds..17.1.2 subme\n-000290b0: 6e75 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nu.-------------\n-000290c0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-000290d0: 7375 626d 656e 7520 5449 544c 4520 5b2d submenu TITLE [-\n-000290e0: 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 202e 2e2e -class=class ...\n-000290f0: 5d20 5b2d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 ] [--users=users\n-00029100: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d75 ]. [--u\n-00029110: 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 645d 205b 2d2d nrestricted] [--\n-00029120: 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 5d20 5b2d 2d69 hotkey=key] [--i\n-00029130: 643d 6964 5d20 7b20 4d45 4e55 2045 4e54 d=id] { MENU ENT\n-00029140: 5249 4553 202e 2e2e 207d 0a20 2020 2020 RIES ... }. \n-00029150: 5468 6973 2064 6566 696e 6573 2061 2073 This defines a s\n-00029160: 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2041 6e20 656e 7472 ubmenu. An entr\n-00029170: 7920 6361 6c6c 6564 2054 4954 4c45 2077 y called TITLE w\n-00029180: 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 ill be added to \n-00029190: 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 656e 753b 2077 the. menu; w\n-000291a0: 6865 6e20 7468 6174 2065 6e74 7279 2069 hen that entry i\n-000291b0: 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c20 6120 6e65 s selected, a ne\n-000291c0: 7720 6d65 6e75 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 w menu will be d\n-000291d0: 6973 706c 6179 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7368 isplayed. sh\n-000291e0: 6f77 696e 6720 616c 6c20 7468 6520 656e owing all the en\n-000291f0: 7472 6965 7320 7769 7468 696e 2074 6869 tries within thi\n-00029200: 7320 7375 626d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 s submenu... \n-00029210: 2041 6c6c 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 All options are\n-00029220: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2069 6e20 the same as in \n-00029230: 7468 6520 e280 986d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 the ...menuentry\n-00029240: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ... command (*no\n-00029250: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 te. menuentr\n-00029260: 793a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 y::).....File: g\n-00029270: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00029280: 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 Loader commands\n-00029290: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2047 656e 6572 616c , Next: General\n-000292a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 commands, Prev\n-000292b0: 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 : Menu-specific \n-000292c0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 commands, Up: C\n-000292d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3220 5661 ommands..17.2 Va\n-000292e0: 7269 6f75 7320 6c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d rious loader com\n-000292f0: 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mands.==========\n+000287e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7365 ========..The se\n+000287f0: 6d61 6e74 6963 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e20 mantics used in \n+00028800: 7061 7273 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6e66 parsing the conf\n+00028810: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2061 iguration file a\n+00028820: 7265 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 re the following\n+00028830: 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 6669 :.. ... The fi\n+00028840: 6c65 7320 5f6d 7573 745f 2062 6520 696e les _must_ be in\n+00028850: 2070 6c61 696e 2d74 6578 7420 666f 726d plain-text form\n+00028860: 6174 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9823 at... ... ...#\n+00028870: e280 9920 6174 2074 6865 2062 6567 696e ... at the begin\n+00028880: 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 ning of a line i\n+00028890: 6e20 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f n a configuratio\n+000288a0: 6e20 6669 6c65 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 n file means it \n+000288b0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 2061 2063 is. only a c\n+000288c0: 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 omment... ... \n+000288d0: 4f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7365 7061 Options are sepa\n+000288e0: 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 732e rated by spaces.\n+000288f0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 6c6c 206e 756d .. ... All num\n+00028900: 6265 7273 2063 616e 2062 6520 6569 7468 bers can be eith\n+00028910: 6572 2064 6563 696d 616c 206f 7220 6865 er decimal or he\n+00028920: 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c2e 2020 4120 6865 xadecimal. A he\n+00028930: 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c0a 2020 2020 206e xadecimal. n\n+00028940: 756d 6265 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7072 umber must be pr\n+00028950: 6563 6564 6564 2062 7920 e280 9830 78e2 eceded by ...0x.\n+00028960: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2063 6173 652d .., and is case-\n+00028970: 696e 7365 6e73 6974 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 insensitive... \n+00028980: 2054 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 These commands \n+00028990: 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 can only be used\n+000289a0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a in the menu:..*\n+000289b0: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6d65 6e75 656e Menu:..* menuen\n+000289c0: 7472 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 try:: \n+000289d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5374 6172 7420 6120 Start a \n+000289e0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a 2073 7562 menu entry.* sub\n+000289f0: 6d65 6e75 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 menu:: \n+00028a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 726f 7570 Group\n+00028a10: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 0a1f menu entries...\n+00028a20: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00028a30: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 , Node: menuent\n+00028a40: 7279 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 7562 6d65 ry, Next: subme\n+00028a50: 6e75 2c20 2055 703a 204d 656e 752d 7370 nu, Up: Menu-sp\n+00028a60: 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a ecific commands.\n+00028a70: 0a31 372e 312e 3120 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 .17.1.1 menuentr\n+00028a80: 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d y.--------------\n+00028a90: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00028aa0: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 menuentry TITLE\n+00028ab0: 205b 2d2d 636c 6173 733d 636c 6173 7320 [--class=class \n+00028ac0: 2e2e 2e5d 205b 2d2d 7573 6572 733d 7573 ...] [--users=us\n+00028ad0: 6572 735d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b ers]. [\n+00028ae0: 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 5d20 --unrestricted] \n+00028af0: 5b2d 2d68 6f74 6b65 793d 6b65 795d 205b [--hotkey=key] [\n+00028b00: 2d2d 6964 3d69 645d 205b 4152 4720 2e2e --id=id] [ARG ..\n+00028b10: 2e5d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b0a 2020 .] { COMMAND;. \n+00028b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 ... }. \n+00028b30: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 This defines \n+00028b40: 6120 4752 5542 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 a GRUB menu entr\n+00028b50: 7920 6e61 6d65 6420 5449 544c 452e 2020 y named TITLE. \n+00028b60: 5768 656e 2074 6869 7320 656e 7472 7920 When this entry \n+00028b70: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 is. selected\n+00028b80: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 from the menu, \n+00028b90: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 7468 GRUB will set th\n+00028ba0: 6520 4348 4f53 454e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e e CHOSEN environ\n+00028bb0: 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 ment. variab\n+00028bc0: 6c65 2074 6f20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 le to value of .\n+00028bd0: 8098 2d2d 6964 e280 9920 6966 20e2 8098 ..--id... if ...\n+00028be0: 2d2d 6964 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e --id... is given\n+00028bf0: 2c20 6578 6563 7574 6520 7468 6520 6c69 , execute the li\n+00028c00: 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 st of. comma\n+00028c10: 6e64 7320 6769 7665 6e20 7769 7468 696e nds given within\n+00028c20: 2062 7261 6365 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6620 braces, and if \n+00028c30: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the last command\n+00028c40: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 in the list. \n+00028c50: 2020 7265 7475 726e 6564 2073 7563 6365 returned succe\n+00028c60: 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 616e 6420 6120 6b65 ssfully and a ke\n+00028c70: 726e 656c 2077 6173 206c 6f61 6465 6420 rnel was loaded \n+00028c80: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6578 6563 7574 6520 it will execute \n+00028c90: 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 the. ...boot\n+00028ca0: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 ... command... \n+00028cb0: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 636c 6173 The ...--clas\n+00028cc0: 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 s... option may \n+00028cd0: 6265 2075 7365 6420 616e 7920 6e75 6d62 be used any numb\n+00028ce0: 6572 206f 6620 7469 6d65 7320 746f 2067 er of times to g\n+00028cf0: 726f 7570 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 roup menu. e\n+00028d00: 6e74 7269 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 636c 6173 ntries into clas\n+00028d10: 7365 732e 2020 4d65 6e75 2074 6865 6d65 ses. Menu theme\n+00028d20: 7320 6d61 7920 6469 7370 6c61 7920 6469 s may display di\n+00028d30: 6666 6572 656e 7420 636c 6173 7365 730a fferent classes.\n+00028d40: 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2064 6966 6665 using diffe\n+00028d50: 7265 6e74 2073 7479 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 rent styles... \n+00028d60: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7573 6572 The ...--user\n+00028d70: 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6772 616e s... option gran\n+00028d80: 7473 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 7573 6572 ts specific user\n+00028d90: 7320 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7370 6563 s access to spec\n+00028da0: 6966 6963 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 ific menu. e\n+00028db0: 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 ntries. *Note S\n+00028dc0: 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 ecurity::... \n+00028dd0: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 The ...--unrest\n+00028de0: 7269 6374 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ricted... option\n+00028df0: 2067 7261 6e74 7320 616c 6c20 7573 6572 grants all user\n+00028e00: 7320 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7370 6563 s access to spec\n+00028e10: 6966 6963 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2065 ific. menu e\n+00028e20: 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 ntries. *Note S\n+00028e30: 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 ecurity::... \n+00028e40: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 The ...--hotkey\n+00028e50: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7373 6f63 ... option assoc\n+00028e60: 6961 7465 7320 6120 686f 746b 6579 2077 iates a hotkey w\n+00028e70: 6974 6820 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 ith a menu entry\n+00028e80: 2e20 204b 4559 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 7920 . KEY. may \n+00028e90: 6265 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 6c65 7474 be a single lett\n+00028ea0: 6572 2c20 6f72 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 er, or one of th\n+00028eb0: 6520 616c 6961 7365 7320 e280 9862 6163 e aliases ...bac\n+00028ec0: 6b73 7061 6365 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7461 kspace..., ...ta\n+00028ed0: 62e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 206f 7220 e280 b...,. or ..\n+00028ee0: 9864 656c 6574 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 .delete...... \n+00028ef0: 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d69 64e2 8099 The ...--id...\n+00028f00: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 may be used to \n+00028f10: 6173 736f 6369 6174 6520 756e 6971 7565 associate unique\n+00028f20: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 7769 7468 identifier with\n+00028f30: 2061 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 a menu. ent\n+00028f40: 7279 2e20 2049 4420 6973 2073 7472 696e ry. ID is strin\n+00028f50: 6720 6f66 2041 5343 4949 2061 7068 616e g of ASCII aphan\n+00028f60: 756d 6572 6963 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 umeric character\n+00028f70: 732c 2075 6e64 6572 7363 6f72 650a 2020 s, underscore. \n+00028f80: 2020 2061 6e64 2068 7970 6865 6e20 616e and hyphen an\n+00028f90: 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2073 7461 d should not sta\n+00028fa0: 7274 2077 6974 6820 6120 6469 6769 742e rt with a digit.\n+00028fb0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 .. All other\n+00028fc0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2069 6e63 6c75 arguments inclu\n+00028fd0: 6469 6e67 2054 4954 4c45 2061 7265 2070 ding TITLE are p\n+00028fe0: 6173 7365 6420 6173 2070 6f73 6974 696f assed as positio\n+00028ff0: 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2070 6172 616d 6574 nal. paramet\n+00029000: 6572 7320 7768 656e 206c 6973 7420 6f66 ers when list of\n+00029010: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2065 7865 commands is exe\n+00029020: 6375 7465 6420 7769 7468 2054 4954 4c45 cuted with TITLE\n+00029030: 2061 6c77 6179 730a 2020 2020 2061 7373 always. ass\n+00029040: 6967 6e65 6420 746f 20e2 8098 2431 e280 igned to ...$1..\n+00029050: 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ......File: grub\n+00029060: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 .info, Node: su\n+00029070: 626d 656e 752c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 bmenu, Prev: me\n+00029080: 6e75 656e 7472 792c 2020 5570 3a20 4d65 nuentry, Up: Me\n+00029090: 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d nu-specific comm\n+000290a0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e31 2e32 2073 7562 ands..17.1.2 sub\n+000290b0: 6d65 6e75 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d menu.-----------\n+000290c0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+000290d0: 3a20 7375 626d 656e 7520 5449 544c 4520 : submenu TITLE \n+000290e0: 5b2d 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 202e [--class=class .\n+000290f0: 2e2e 5d20 5b2d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 ..] [--users=use\n+00029100: 7273 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d rs]. [-\n+00029110: 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 645d 205b -unrestricted] [\n+00029120: 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 5d20 5b2d --hotkey=key] [-\n+00029130: 2d69 643d 6964 5d20 7b20 4d45 4e55 2045 -id=id] { MENU E\n+00029140: 4e54 5249 4553 202e 2e2e 207d 0a20 2020 NTRIES ... }. \n+00029150: 2020 5468 6973 2064 6566 696e 6573 2061 This defines a\n+00029160: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2041 6e20 656e submenu. An en\n+00029170: 7472 7920 6361 6c6c 6564 2054 4954 4c45 try called TITLE\n+00029180: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6464 6564 2074 will be added t\n+00029190: 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 656e 753b o the. menu;\n+000291a0: 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6174 2065 6e74 7279 when that entry\n+000291b0: 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c20 6120 is selected, a \n+000291c0: 6e65 7720 6d65 6e75 2077 696c 6c20 6265 new menu will be\n+000291d0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 0a20 2020 2020 displayed. \n+000291e0: 7368 6f77 696e 6720 616c 6c20 7468 6520 showing all the \n+000291f0: 656e 7472 6965 7320 7769 7468 696e 2074 entries within t\n+00029200: 6869 7320 7375 626d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 his submenu... \n+00029210: 2020 2041 6c6c 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 All options a\n+00029220: 7265 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2069 re the same as i\n+00029230: 6e20 7468 6520 e280 986d 656e 7565 6e74 n the ...menuent\n+00029240: 7279 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a ry... command (*\n+00029250: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e note. menuen\n+00029260: 7472 793a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a try::).....File:\n+00029270: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00029280: 653a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e e: Loader comman\n+00029290: 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2047 656e 6572 ds, Next: Gener\n+000292a0: 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 al commands, Pr\n+000292b0: 6576 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 ev: Menu-specifi\n+000292c0: 6320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a c commands, Up:\n+000292d0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3220 Commands..17.2 \n+000292e0: 5661 7269 6f75 7320 6c6f 6164 6572 2063 Various loader c\n+000292f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ommands.========\n 00029300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00029310: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ==..These comman\n-00029320: 6473 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 206c ds are used to l\n-00029330: 6f61 6420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 636f oad necessary co\n-00029340: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 mponents to boot\n-00029350: 2064 6573 6972 6564 204f 532e 0a4d 616e desired OS..Man\n-00029360: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 7220 y of the loader \n-00029370: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 206e 6f74 commands are not\n-00029380: 2073 7566 6669 6369 656e 746c 7920 646f sufficiently do\n-00029390: 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2e20 2054 6865 0a66 cumented. The.f\n-000293a0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7320 6120 6c69 ollowing is a li\n-000293b0: 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 st of commands t\n-000293c0: 6861 7420 636f 756c 6420 7573 6520 6d6f hat could use mo\n-000293d0: 7265 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e re documentation\n-000293e0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9861 7070 :.. ... ...app\n-000293f0: 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2d20 426f leloader... - Bo\n-00029400: 6f74 2042 494f 532d 6261 7365 6420 7379 ot BIOS-based sy\n-00029410: 7374 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 stem.. ... ...\n-00029420: 6672 6565 646f 73e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 freedos... - Loa\n-00029430: 6420 4672 6565 444f 5320 6b65 726e 656c d FreeDOS kernel\n-00029440: 2e73 7973 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 .sys.. ... ...\n-00029450: 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6c 6f61 6465 6e76 kfreebsd_loadenv\n-00029460: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 6542 ... - Load FreeB\n-00029470: 5344 2065 6e76 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 SD env.. ... .\n-00029480: 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c ..kfreebsd_modul\n-00029490: 655f 656c 66e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 e_elf... - Load \n-000294a0: 4672 6565 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d FreeBSD kernel m\n-000294b0: 6f64 756c 6520 2845 4c46 292e 0a20 2020 odule (ELF).. \n-000294c0: e280 a220 e280 986b 6672 6565 6273 645f ... ...kfreebsd_\n-000294d0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 module... - Load\n-000294e0: 2046 7265 6542 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 FreeBSD kernel \n-000294f0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 module.. ... .\n-00029500: 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 e280 9920 2d20 ..kfreebsd... - \n-00029510: 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 Load kernel of F\n-00029520: 7265 6542 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 reeBSD.. ... .\n-00029530: 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 ..knetbsd_module\n-00029540: 5f65 6c66 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 204e _elf... - Load N\n-00029550: 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 etBSD kernel mod\n-00029560: 756c 6520 2845 4c46 292e 0a20 2020 e280 ule (ELF).. ..\n-00029570: a220 e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 . ...knetbsd_mod\n-00029580: 756c 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4e65 ule... - Load Ne\n-00029590: 7442 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 tBSD kernel modu\n-000295a0: 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6e le.. ... ...kn\n-000295b0: 6574 6273 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 etbsd... - Load \n-000295c0: 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 4e65 7442 5344 kernel of NetBSD\n-000295d0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6f 7065 .. ... ...kope\n-000295e0: 6e62 7364 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b nbsd... - Load k\n-000295f0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 204f 7065 6e42 5344 ernel of OpenBSD\n-00029600: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6f 7065 .. ... ...kope\n-00029610: 6e62 7364 5f72 616d 6469 736b e280 9920 nbsd_ramdisk... \n-00029620: 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 - Load kOpenBSD \n-00029630: 7261 6d64 6973 6b2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ramdisk.. ... \n-00029640: e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 696e 6974 7264 ...legacy_initrd\n-00029650: 5f6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 e280 9920 2d20 5369 _nounzip... - Si\n-00029660: 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 mulate grub-lega\n-00029670: 6379 2027 6d6f 6475 6c65 6e6f 756e 7a69 cy 'modulenounzi\n-00029680: 7027 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 640a p'. command.\n-00029690: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 ... ...legacy\n-000296a0: 5f69 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 202d 2053 696d _initrd... - Sim\n-000296b0: 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 ulate grub-legac\n-000296c0: 7920 2769 6e69 7472 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 y 'initrd' comma\n-000296d0: 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 nd. ... ...leg\n-000296e0: 6163 795f 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 2d20 acy_kernel... - \n-000296f0: 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 Simulate grub-le\n-00029700: 6761 6379 2027 6b65 726e 656c 2720 636f gacy 'kernel' co\n-00029710: 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 mmand. ... ...\n-00029720: 6d6f 6475 6c65 32e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 module2... - Loa\n-00029730: 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 3220 d a multiboot 2 \n-00029740: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 module.. ... .\n-00029750: 8098 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f ..module... - Lo\n-00029760: 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206d ad a multiboot m\n-00029770: 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 odule.. ... ..\n-00029780: 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 32e2 8099 202d .multiboot2... -\n-00029790: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f Load a multiboo\n-000297a0: 7420 3220 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 t 2 kernel.. .\n-000297b0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 74e2 .. ...multiboot.\n-000297c0: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 .. - Load a mult\n-000297d0: 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 iboot kernel.. \n-000297e0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6e74 6c64 72e2 8099 ... ...ntldr...\n-000297f0: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4e54 4c44 5220 6f72 - Load NTLDR or\n-00029800: 2042 6f6f 744d 4752 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 BootMGR.. ...\n-00029810: 20e2 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 202d 204c ...plan9... - L\n-00029820: 6f61 6420 506c 616e 3920 6b65 726e 656c oad Plan9 kernel\n-00029830: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7078 6563 .. ... ...pxec\n-00029840: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2d20 hainloader... - \n-00029850: 4c6f 6164 2061 2050 5845 2069 6d61 6765 Load a PXE image\n-00029860: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7472 7565 .. ... ...true\n-00029870: 6372 7970 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 crypt... - Load \n-00029880: 5472 7565 6372 7970 7420 4953 4f2e 0a20 Truecrypt ISO.. \n-00029890: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6572 ... ...xnu_ker\n-000298a0: 6e65 6c36 34e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 nel64... - Load \n-000298b0: 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2069 6d61 6765 64-bit XNU image\n-000298c0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f .. ... ...xnu_\n-000298d0: 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 kernel... - Load\n-000298e0: 2058 4e55 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 XNU image.. .\n-000298f0: 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 7874 6469 .. ...xnu_kextdi\n-00029900: 72e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 r... - Load XNU \n-00029910: 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 6469 7265 6374 extension direct\n-00029920: 6f72 792e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 ory.. ... ...x\n-00029930: 6e75 5f6b 6578 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 nu_kext... - Loa\n-00029940: 6420 584e 5520 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e2e d XNU extension.\n-00029950: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6d . ... ...xnu_m\n-00029960: 6b65 7874 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 kext... - Load X\n-00029970: 4e55 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2070 6163 NU extension pac\n-00029980: 6b61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 kage.. ... ...\n-00029990: 786e 755f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 202d xnu_ramdisk... -\n-000299a0: 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 7261 6d64 6973 Load XNU ramdis\n-000299b0: 6b2e 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 k. It will be a\n-000299c0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 4f53 2061 vailable in OS a\n-000299d0: 730a 2020 2020 206d 6430 2e0a 2020 20e2 s. md0.. .\n-000299e0: 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7265 7375 6d65 .. ...xnu_resume\n-000299f0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e20 696d ... - Load an im\n-00029a00: 6167 6520 6f66 2068 6962 6572 6e61 7465 age of hibernate\n-00029a10: 6420 584e 552e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 d XNU.. ... ..\n-00029a20: 9878 6e75 5f73 706c 6173 68e2 8099 202d .xnu_splash... -\n-00029a30: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 7370 6c61 7368 2069 Load a splash i\n-00029a40: 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2058 4e55 2e0a 0a2a mage for XNU...*\n-00029a50: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6368 6169 6e6c Menu:..* chainl\n-00029a60: 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader:: \n-00029a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f Chain-lo\n-00029a80: 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 ad another boot \n-00029a90: 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 643a loader.* initrd:\n-00029aa0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-00029ab0: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 Load a Li\n-00029ac0: 6e75 7820 696e 6974 7264 0a2a 2069 6e69 nux initrd.* ini\n-00029ad0: 7472 6431 363a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 trd16:: \n-00029ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 Load \n-00029af0: 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 696e 6974 7264 2028 a Linux initrd (\n-00029b00: 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a 206c 16-bit mode).* l\n-00029b10: 696e 7578 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 inux:: \n-00029b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 Loa\n-00029b30: 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c d a Linux kernel\n-00029b40: 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a3a 2020 2020 .* linux16:: \n+00029310: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 636f 6d6d ====..These comm\n+00029320: 616e 6473 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f ands are used to\n+00029330: 206c 6f61 6420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 load necessary \n+00029340: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2074 6f20 626f components to bo\n+00029350: 6f74 2064 6573 6972 6564 204f 532e 0a4d ot desired OS..M\n+00029360: 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 any of the loade\n+00029370: 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 206e r commands are n\n+00029380: 6f74 2073 7566 6669 6369 656e 746c 7920 ot sufficiently \n+00029390: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2e20 2054 6865 documented. The\n+000293a0: 0a66 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7320 6120 .following is a \n+000293b0: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 list of commands\n+000293c0: 2074 6861 7420 636f 756c 6420 7573 6520 that could use \n+000293d0: 6d6f 7265 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 more documentati\n+000293e0: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9861 on:.. ... ...a\n+000293f0: 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2d20 ppleloader... - \n+00029400: 426f 6f74 2042 494f 532d 6261 7365 6420 Boot BIOS-based \n+00029410: 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 system.. ... .\n+00029420: 8098 6672 6565 646f 73e2 8099 202d 204c ..freedos... - L\n+00029430: 6f61 6420 4672 6565 444f 5320 6b65 726e oad FreeDOS kern\n+00029440: 656c 2e73 7973 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 el.sys.. ... .\n+00029450: 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6c 6f61 6465 ..kfreebsd_loade\n+00029460: 6e76 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 nv... - Load Fre\n+00029470: 6542 5344 2065 6e76 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 eBSD env.. ...\n+00029480: 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 ...kfreebsd_mod\n+00029490: 756c 655f 656c 66e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 ule_elf... - Loa\n+000294a0: 6420 4672 6565 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c d FreeBSD kernel\n+000294b0: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 2845 4c46 292e 0a20 module (ELF).. \n+000294c0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6672 6565 6273 ... ...kfreebs\n+000294d0: 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f d_module... - Lo\n+000294e0: 6164 2046 7265 6542 5344 206b 6572 6e65 ad FreeBSD kerne\n+000294f0: 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 l module.. ...\n+00029500: 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 e280 9920 ...kfreebsd... \n+00029510: 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 - Load kernel of\n+00029520: 2046 7265 6542 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 FreeBSD.. ...\n+00029530: 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 ...knetbsd_modu\n+00029540: 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 le_elf... - Load\n+00029550: 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d NetBSD kernel m\n+00029560: 6f64 756c 6520 2845 4c46 292e 0a20 2020 odule (ELF).. \n+00029570: e280 a220 e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d ... ...knetbsd_m\n+00029580: 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 odule... - Load \n+00029590: 4e65 7442 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f NetBSD kernel mo\n+000295a0: 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 dule.. ... ...\n+000295b0: 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 knetbsd... - Loa\n+000295c0: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 4e65 7442 d kernel of NetB\n+000295d0: 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6f SD.. ... ...ko\n+000295e0: 7065 6e62 7364 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 penbsd... - Load\n+000295f0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 204f 7065 6e42 kernel of OpenB\n+00029600: 5344 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6f SD.. ... ...ko\n+00029610: 7065 6e62 7364 5f72 616d 6469 736b e280 penbsd_ramdisk..\n+00029620: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 4f70 656e 4253 . - Load kOpenBS\n+00029630: 4420 7261 6d64 6973 6b2e 0a20 2020 e280 D ramdisk.. ..\n+00029640: a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 696e 6974 . ...legacy_init\n+00029650: 7264 5f6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 e280 9920 2d20 rd_nounzip... - \n+00029660: 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 Simulate grub-le\n+00029670: 6761 6379 2027 6d6f 6475 6c65 6e6f 756e gacy 'modulenoun\n+00029680: 7a69 7027 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e zip'. comman\n+00029690: 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 d. ... ...lega\n+000296a0: 6379 5f69 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 202d 2053 cy_initrd... - S\n+000296b0: 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 imulate grub-leg\n+000296c0: 6163 7920 2769 6e69 7472 6427 2063 6f6d acy 'initrd' com\n+000296d0: 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c mand. ... ...l\n+000296e0: 6567 6163 795f 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 egacy_kernel... \n+000296f0: 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d - Simulate grub-\n+00029700: 6c65 6761 6379 2027 6b65 726e 656c 2720 legacy 'kernel' \n+00029710: 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 command. ... .\n+00029720: 8098 6d6f 6475 6c65 32e2 8099 202d 204c ..module2... - L\n+00029730: 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 oad a multiboot \n+00029740: 3220 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2 module.. ...\n+00029750: 20e2 8098 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 ...module... - \n+00029760: 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 Load a multiboot\n+00029770: 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 module.. ... \n+00029780: e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 32e2 8099 ...multiboot2...\n+00029790: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 - Load a multib\n+000297a0: 6f6f 7420 3220 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 oot 2 kernel.. \n+000297b0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ... ...multiboo\n+000297c0: 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 t... - Load a mu\n+000297d0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a ltiboot kernel..\n+000297e0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6e74 6c64 72e2 ... ...ntldr.\n+000297f0: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4e54 4c44 5220 .. - Load NTLDR \n+00029800: 6f72 2042 6f6f 744d 4752 2e0a 2020 20e2 or BootMGR.. .\n+00029810: 80a2 20e2 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 202d .. ...plan9... -\n+00029820: 204c 6f61 6420 506c 616e 3920 6b65 726e Load Plan9 kern\n+00029830: 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7078 el.. ... ...px\n+00029840: 6563 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 echainloader... \n+00029850: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 2050 5845 2069 6d61 - Load a PXE ima\n+00029860: 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7472 ge.. ... ...tr\n+00029870: 7565 6372 7970 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 uecrypt... - Loa\n+00029880: 6420 5472 7565 6372 7970 7420 4953 4f2e d Truecrypt ISO.\n+00029890: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b . ... ...xnu_k\n+000298a0: 6572 6e65 6c36 34e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 ernel64... - Loa\n+000298b0: 6420 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2069 6d61 d 64-bit XNU ima\n+000298c0: 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e ge.. ... ...xn\n+000298d0: 755f 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 2d20 4c6f u_kernel... - Lo\n+000298e0: 6164 2058 4e55 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 ad XNU image.. \n+000298f0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 7874 ... ...xnu_kext\n+00029900: 6469 72e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e dir... - Load XN\n+00029910: 5520 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 6469 7265 U extension dire\n+00029920: 6374 6f72 792e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ctory.. ... ..\n+00029930: 9878 6e75 5f6b 6578 74e2 8099 202d 204c .xnu_kext... - L\n+00029940: 6f61 6420 584e 5520 6578 7465 6e73 696f oad XNU extensio\n+00029950: 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 n.. ... ...xnu\n+00029960: 5f6d 6b65 7874 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 _mkext... - Load\n+00029970: 2058 4e55 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2070 XNU extension p\n+00029980: 6163 6b61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ackage.. ... .\n+00029990: 8098 786e 755f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 ..xnu_ramdisk...\n+000299a0: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 7261 6d64 - Load XNU ramd\n+000299b0: 6973 6b2e 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 isk. It will be\n+000299c0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 4f53 available in OS\n+000299d0: 2061 730a 2020 2020 206d 6430 2e0a 2020 as. md0.. \n+000299e0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7265 7375 ... ...xnu_resu\n+000299f0: 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e20 me... - Load an \n+00029a00: 696d 6167 6520 6f66 2068 6962 6572 6e61 image of hiberna\n+00029a10: 7465 6420 584e 552e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ted XNU.. ... \n+00029a20: e280 9878 6e75 5f73 706c 6173 68e2 8099 ...xnu_splash...\n+00029a30: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 7370 6c61 7368 - Load a splash\n+00029a40: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2058 4e55 2e0a image for XNU..\n+00029a50: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6368 6169 .* Menu:..* chai\n+00029a60: 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 nloader:: \n+00029a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6169 6e2d Chain-\n+00029a80: 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f load another boo\n+00029a90: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 t loader.* initr\n+00029aa0: 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d:: \n+00029ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 Load a \n+00029ac0: 4c69 6e75 7820 696e 6974 7264 0a2a 2069 Linux initrd.* i\n+00029ad0: 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 nitrd16:: \n+00029ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 Loa\n+00029af0: 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 696e 6974 7264 d a Linux initrd\n+00029b00: 2028 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a (16-bit mode).*\n+00029b10: 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 linux:: \n+00029b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n+00029b30: 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e oad a Linux kern\n+00029b40: 656c 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a3a 2020 el.* linux16:: \n 00029b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029b60: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 Load a Linux ke\n-00029b70: 726e 656c 2028 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 rnel (16-bit mod\n-00029b80: 6529 0a2a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 e).* xen_hypervi\n-00029b90: 736f 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sor:: \n-00029ba0: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7865 6e20 6879 7065 Load xen hype\n-00029bb0: 7276 6973 6f72 2062 696e 6172 7920 286f rvisor binary (o\n-00029bc0: 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 290a nly on AArch64).\n-00029bd0: 2a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 2020 * xen_module:: \n+00029b60: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 Load a Linux \n+00029b70: 6b65 726e 656c 2028 3136 2d62 6974 206d kernel (16-bit m\n+00029b80: 6f64 6529 0a2a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 ode).* xen_hyper\n+00029b90: 7669 736f 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 visor:: \n+00029ba0: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7865 6e20 6879 Load xen hy\n+00029bb0: 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2062 696e 6172 7920 pervisor binary \n+00029bc0: 286f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 (only on AArch64\n+00029bd0: 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a ).* xen_module::\n 00029be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029bf0: 4c6f 6164 2078 656e 206d 6f64 756c 6573 Load xen modules\n-00029c00: 2066 6f72 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 for xen hypervi\n-00029c10: 736f 7220 286f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2041 4172 sor (only on AAr\n-00029c20: 6368 3634 290a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ch64)....File: g\n-00029c30: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00029c40: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 204e chainloader, N\n-00029c50: 6578 743a 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 5570 ext: initrd, Up\n-00029c60: 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 : Loader command\n-00029c70: 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3120 6368 6169 6e6c s..17.2.1 chainl\n-00029c80: 6f61 6465 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oader.----------\n-00029c90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00029ca0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 mmand: chainload\n-00029cb0: 6572 205b 2d2d 666f 7263 655d 2066 696c er [--force] fil\n-00029cc0: 6520 5b61 7267 732e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 e [args...]. \n-00029cd0: 204c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 Load FILE as a \n-00029ce0: 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 204c chain-loader. L\n-00029cf0: 696b 6520 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6669 ike any other fi\n-00029d00: 6c65 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 le loaded by the\n-00029d10: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d . filesystem\n-00029d20: 2063 6f64 652c 2069 7420 6361 6e20 7573 code, it can us\n-00029d30: 6520 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 e the blocklist \n-00029d40: 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 notation (*note \n-00029d50: 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 206c 6973 7420 Block. list \n-00029d60: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2920 746f 2067 7261 syntax::) to gra\n-00029d70: 6220 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 b the first sect\n-00029d80: 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e or of the curren\n-00029d90: 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 t partition. \n-00029da0: 2077 6974 6820 e280 982b 31e2 8099 2e20 with ...+1.... \n-00029db0: 204f 6e20 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d On EFI platform\n-00029dc0: 732c 2061 6e79 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 s, any arguments\n-00029dd0: 2061 6674 6572 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c after FILE will\n-00029de0: 2062 6520 7365 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 746f be sent. to\n-00029df0: 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696d 6167 the loaded imag\n-00029e00: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 e... If you \n-00029e10: 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 6520 6f70 7469 specify the opti\n-00029e20: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 666f 7263 65e2 8099 on ...--force...\n-00029e30: 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 , then load FILE\n-00029e40: 2066 6f72 6369 626c 792c 0a20 2020 2020 forcibly,. \n-00029e50: 7768 6574 6865 7220 6974 2068 6173 2061 whether it has a\n-00029e60: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2073 6967 6e61 7475 correct signatu\n-00029e70: 7265 206f 7220 6e6f 742e 2020 5468 6973 re or not. This\n-00029e80: 2069 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2077 6865 is required whe\n-00029e90: 6e0a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 n. you want \n-00029ea0: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 6665 6374 to load a defect\n-00029eb0: 6976 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c ive boot loader,\n-00029ec0: 2073 7563 6820 6173 2053 434f 2055 6e69 such as SCO Uni\n-00029ed0: 7857 6172 6520 372e 312e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 xWare 7.1.....Fi\n-00029ee0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00029ef0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 204e Node: initrd, N\n-00029f00: 6578 743a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 ext: initrd16, \n-00029f10: 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 Prev: chainloade\n-00029f20: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 r, Up: Loader c\n-00029f30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3220 ommands..17.2.2 \n-00029f40: 696e 6974 7264 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d initrd.---------\n-00029f50: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00029f60: 643a 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6669 6c65 205b d: initrd file [\n-00029f70: 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c file ...]. L\n-00029f80: 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 722c 2061 oad, in order, a\n-00029f90: 6c6c 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2066 6f72 2061 ll initrds for a\n-00029fa0: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d Linux kernel im\n-00029fb0: 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 age, and set the\n-00029fc0: 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 . appropriat\n-00029fd0: 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2069 6e20 e parameters in \n-00029fe0: 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 7365 7475 7020 the Linux setup \n-00029ff0: 6172 6561 2069 6e20 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 area in memory. \n-0002a000: 2054 6869 7320 6d61 790a 2020 2020 206f This may. o\n-0002a010: 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6166 7465 nly be used afte\n-0002a020: 7220 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 r the ...linux..\n-0002a030: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 . command (*note\n-0002a040: 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2920 6861 7320 6265 linux::) has be\n-0002a050: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 en. run. Se\n-0002a060: 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 e *note GNU/Linu\n-0002a070: 783a 3a20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 x:: for more inf\n-0002a080: 6f20 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 4e55 o on booting GNU\n-0002a090: 2f4c 696e 7578 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 /Linux.. For\n-0002a0a0: 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f more informatio\n-0002a0b0: 6e20 6f6e 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2073 6565 n on initrds see\n-0002a0c0: 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 206b the GNU/Linux k\n-0002a0d0: 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6f63 756d ernel. docum\n-0002a0e0: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2868 entation. (h\n-0002a0f0: 7474 7073 3a2f 2f64 6f63 732e 6b65 726e ttps://docs.kern\n-0002a100: 656c 2e6f 7267 2f66 696c 6573 7973 7465 el.org/filesyste\n-0002a110: 6d73 2f72 616d 6673 2d72 6f6f 7466 732d ms/ramfs-rootfs-\n-0002a120: 696e 6974 7261 6d66 732e 6874 6d6c 292e initramfs.html).\n-0002a130: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 206e 6577 2d73 7479 .. A new-sty\n-0002a140: 6c65 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2866 6f72 206b le initrd (for k\n-0002a150: 6572 6e65 6c73 206e 6577 6572 2074 6861 ernels newer tha\n-0002a160: 6e20 322e 3629 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e n 2.6) containin\n-0002a170: 6720 6f6e 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 g one file. \n-0002a180: 7769 7468 206c 6561 6469 6e67 2070 6174 with leading pat\n-0002a190: 6820 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2063 616e h components can\n-0002a1a0: 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 also be generat\n-0002a1b0: 6564 2061 7420 7275 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a ed at run time..\n-0002a1c0: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6361 6e20 6265 This can be\n-0002a1d0: 2064 6f6e 6520 6279 2070 7265 6669 7869 done by prefixi\n-0002a1e0: 6e67 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2077 ng an argument w\n-0002a1f0: 6974 6820 e280 986e 6577 633a e280 9920 ith ...newc:... \n-0002a200: 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 followed by. \n-0002a210: 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 6f66 2074 6865 the path of the\n-0002a220: 2066 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206e 6577 file in the new\n-0002a230: 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2061 20e2 8098 3ae2 initrd, a ...:.\n-0002a240: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 7468 656e 2074 6865 .., and then the\n-0002a250: 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 GRUB. file \n-0002a260: 7061 7468 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 path to the file\n-0002a270: 2064 6174 6120 746f 2062 6520 6265 2069 data to be be i\n-0002a280: 6e63 6c75 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 ncluded... F\n-0002a290: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 or example:. \n-0002a2a0: 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 206e 6577 initrd new\n-0002a2b0: 633a 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 c:/etc/ssh/confi\n-0002a2c0: 673a 2868 6430 2c32 292f 686f 6d65 2f75 g:(hd0,2)/home/u\n-0002a2d0: 7365 722f 2e73 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 6720 ser/.ssh/config \n-0002a2e0: 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n-0002a2f0: 2020 206e 6577 633a 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 newc:/etc/ssh\n-0002a300: 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 /ssh_host_rsa_ke\n-0002a310: 793a 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 y:/etc/ssh/ssh_h\n-0002a320: 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 7920 5c0a 2020 ost_rsa_key \\. \n-0002a330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f /\n-0002a340: 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a 205c boot/initrd.gz \\\n-0002a350: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0002a360: 2020 6e65 7763 3a2f 696e 6974 3a2f 686f newc:/init:/ho\n-0002a370: 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 696e 6974 2e66 6978 me/user/init.fix\n-0002a380: 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f ed.. This co\n-0002a390: 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 mmand will gener\n-0002a3a0: 6174 6520 7477 6f20 6e65 772d 7374 796c ate two new-styl\n-0002a3b0: 6520 696e 6974 7264 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 e initrds on the\n-0002a3c0: 2066 6c79 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 fly. The. \n-0002a3d0: 6669 7273 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 first contains t\n-0002a3e0: 6865 2070 6174 6820 e280 982f 6574 632f he path .../etc/\n-0002a3f0: 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 ssh/config... wi\n-0002a400: 7468 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 th the contents \n-0002a410: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 6864 302c of. ...(hd0,\n-0002a420: 3229 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 2f2e 7373 2)/home/user/.ss\n-0002a430: 682f 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 616e 6420 h/config... and \n-0002a440: 7468 6520 7061 7468 0a20 2020 2020 e280 the path. ..\n-0002a450: 982f 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f ./etc/ssh/ssh_ho\n-0002a460: 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 e280 9920 7769 st_rsa_key... wi\n-0002a470: 7468 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 th the contents \n-0002a480: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 6574 632f of. .../etc/\n-0002a490: 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 5f72 7361 ssh/ssh_host_rsa\n-0002a4a0: 5f6b 6579 e280 9920 6f6e 2074 6865 2052 _key... on the R\n-0002a4b0: 4f4f 5420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2050 6172 OOT device. Par\n-0002a4c0: 656e 7420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2020 ent directory. \n-0002a4d0: 2020 2070 6174 6873 2077 696c 6c20 6175 paths will au\n-0002a4e0: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6265 2067 tomatically be g\n-0002a4f0: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 7320 6e65 6564 enerated as need\n-0002a500: 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6669 7273 740a ed. This first.\n-0002a510: 2020 2020 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2069 generated i\n-0002a520: 6e69 7472 6420 7769 6c6c 2074 6865 6e20 nitrd will then \n-0002a530: 6861 7665 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 696e have .../boot/in\n-0002a540: 6974 7264 2e67 7ae2 8099 2063 6f6e 6361 itrd.gz... conca\n-0002a550: 7465 6e61 7465 640a 2020 2020 2061 6674 tenated. aft\n-0002a560: 6572 2069 742e 2020 4e65 7874 2c20 616e er it. Next, an\n-0002a570: 6f74 6865 7220 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 other new-style \n-0002a580: 6172 6368 6976 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 archive will be \n-0002a590: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 7769 7468 0a20 generated with. \n-0002a5a0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 the contents\n-0002a5b0: 206f 6620 e280 982f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 of .../home/use\n-0002a5c0: 722f 696e 6974 2e66 6978 6564 e280 9920 r/init.fixed... \n-0002a5d0: 696e 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 e280 982f in the path .../\n-0002a5e0: 696e 6974 e280 9920 616e 640a 2020 2020 init... and. \n-0002a5f0: 2061 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f 2074 6865 appended to the\n-0002a600: 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 636f 6e63 6174 previous concat\n-0002a610: 656e 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c enation. Finall\n-0002a620: 792c 2074 6865 2072 6573 756c 7420 7769 y, the result wi\n-0002a630: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2073 656e 7420 ll. be sent \n-0002a640: 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7768 to the kernel wh\n-0002a650: 656e 2062 6f6f 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 en booted... \n-0002a660: 204b 6565 7020 696e 206d 696e 6420 7468 Keep in mind th\n-0002a670: 6174 2070 6174 6873 2074 6861 7420 636f at paths that co\n-0002a680: 6d65 206c 6174 6572 2077 696c 6c20 7461 me later will ta\n-0002a690: 6b65 2070 7265 6365 6465 6e63 652e 2020 ke precedence. \n-0002a6a0: 536f 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 2065 So. in the e\n-0002a6b0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7468 xample above, th\n-0002a6c0: 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 7061 7468 e generated path\n-0002a6d0: 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 2077 696c .../init... wil\n-0002a6e0: 6c20 6f76 6572 7772 6974 6520 616e 790a l overwrite any.\n-0002a6f0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 .../init...\n-0002a700: 2069 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 in .../boot/ini\n-0002a710: 7472 642e 677a e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 trd.gz.... This\n-0002a720: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2077 can be useful w\n-0002a730: 6865 6e20 6368 616e 6769 6e67 2074 6865 hen changing the\n-0002a740: 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 696e 2069 6e69 7472 . main initr\n-0002a750: 6420 6973 2075 6e64 6573 6972 6162 6c65 d is undesirable\n-0002a760: 206f 7220 6469 6666 6963 756c 742e 0a0a or difficult...\n-0002a770: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002a780: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 o, Node: initrd\n-0002a790: 3136 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 696e 7578 16, Next: linux\n-0002a7a0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e69 7472 642c , Prev: initrd,\n-0002a7b0: 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d Up: Loader com\n-0002a7c0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3320 696e mands..17.2.3 in\n-0002a7d0: 6974 7264 3136 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d itrd16.---------\n-0002a7e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002a7f0: 616e 643a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 3620 6669 and: initrd16 fi\n-0002a800: 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 le [file ...]. \n-0002a810: 2020 204c 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 Load, in orde\n-0002a820: 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2066 r, all initrds f\n-0002a830: 6f72 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 or a Linux kerne\n-0002a840: 6c20 696d 6167 6520 746f 2062 6520 626f l image to be bo\n-0002a850: 6f74 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2031 362d oted. in 16-\n-0002a860: 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 2c20 616e 6420 7365 bit mode, and se\n-0002a870: 7420 7468 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 t the appropriat\n-0002a880: 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2069 6e20 e parameters in \n-0002a890: 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 780a 2020 2020 2073 the Linux. s\n-0002a8a0: 6574 7570 2061 7265 6120 696e 206d 656d etup area in mem\n-0002a8b0: 6f72 792e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 206f ory. This may o\n-0002a8c0: 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6166 7465 nly be used afte\n-0002a8d0: 7220 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 3136 r the ...linux16\n-0002a8e0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 .... command\n-0002a8f0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 363a (*note linux16:\n-0002a900: 3a29 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6e2e :) has been run.\n-0002a910: 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 See also *note\n-0002a920: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 0a20 2020 GNU/Linux::. \n-0002a930: 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 e280 9869 6e69 and the ...ini\n-0002a940: 7472 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 trd... command (\n-0002a950: 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 2920 *note initrd::) \n-0002a960: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 for more details\n-0002a970: 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e on. argumen\n-0002a980: 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 ts... This c\n-0002a990: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 ommand is only a\n-0002a9a0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 vailable on the \n-0002a9b0: 7063 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 666f 7220 pc platform for \n-0002a9c0: 7838 3620 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a x86 systems.....\n-0002a9d0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002a9e0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 Node: linux, \n-0002a9f0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 362c 2020 Next: linux16, \n-0002aa00: 5072 6576 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2c20 Prev: initrd16, \n-0002aa10: 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d Up: Loader comm\n-0002aa20: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e34 206c 696e ands..17.2.4 lin\n-0002aa30: 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ux.------------.\n-0002aa40: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 . -- Command: li\n-0002aa50: 6e75 7820 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 nux file .... \n-0002aa60: 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b Load a Linux k\n-0002aa70: 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d ernel image from\n-0002aa80: 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 FILE. The rest\n-0002aa90: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a of the line is.\n-0002aaa0: 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 passed verb\n-0002aab0: 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b atim as the ...k\n-0002aac0: 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 ernel command-li\n-0002aad0: 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 696e 6974 ne.... Any init\n-0002aae0: 7264 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 rd must be. \n-0002aaf0: 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 reloaded after u\n-0002ab00: 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e sing this comman\n-0002ab10: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a d (*note initrd:\n-0002ab20: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 2078 3836 :)... On x86\n-0002ab30: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 systems, the ke\n-0002ab40: 726e 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f rnel will be boo\n-0002ab50: 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 3332 ted using the 32\n-0002ab60: 2d62 6974 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 -bit boot. p\n-0002ab70: 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 rotocol. Note t\n-0002ab80: 6861 7420 7468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 hat this means t\n-0002ab90: 6861 7420 7468 6520 e280 9876 6761 3de2 hat the ...vga=.\n-0002aba0: 8099 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 .. boot option w\n-0002abb0: 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2077 6f72 ill. not wor\n-0002abc0: 6b3b 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 k; if you want t\n-0002abd0: 6f20 7365 7420 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 o set a special \n-0002abe0: 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2c20 796f 7520 video mode, you \n-0002abf0: 7769 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f 0a20 2020 will need to. \n-0002ac00: 2020 7573 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 use GRUB comma\n-0002ac10: 6e64 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 9873 nds such as ...s\n-0002ac20: 6574 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643d 3130 et gfxpayload=10\n-0002ac30: 3234 7837 3638 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 24x768... or ...\n-0002ac40: 7365 740a 2020 2020 2067 6678 7061 796c set. gfxpayl\n-0002ac50: 6f61 643d 6b65 6570 e280 9920 2874 6f20 oad=keep... (to \n-0002ac60: 6b65 6570 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6d6f keep the same mo\n-0002ac70: 6465 2061 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 de as used in GR\n-0002ac80: 5542 2920 696e 7374 6561 642e 0a20 2020 UB) instead.. \n-0002ac90: 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e 2061 7574 6f6d GRUB can autom\n-0002aca0: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 atically detect \n-0002acb0: 736f 6d65 2075 7365 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 some uses of ...\n-0002acc0: 7667 613d e280 9920 616e 6420 7472 616e vga=... and tran\n-0002acd0: 736c 6174 650a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6d20 slate. them \n-0002ace0: 746f 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2073 to appropriate s\n-0002acf0: 6574 7469 6e67 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 6766 ettings of ...gf\n-0002ad00: 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 e280 992e 2020 5468 xpayload.... Th\n-0002ad10: 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 3136 e280 990a e ...linux16....\n-0002ad20: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e command (*n\n-0002ad30: 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 2061 ote linux16::) a\n-0002ad40: 766f 6964 7320 7468 6973 2072 6573 7472 voids this restr\n-0002ad50: 6963 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a iction.....File:\n-0002ad60: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002ad70: 653a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 204e 6578 e: linux16, Nex\n-0002ad80: 743a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f t: xen_hyperviso\n-0002ad90: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c r, Prev: linux,\n-0002ada0: 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d Up: Loader com\n-0002adb0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3520 6c69 mands..17.2.5 li\n-0002adc0: 6e75 7831 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nux16.----------\n-0002add0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002ade0: 643a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2066 696c 6520 d: linux16 file \n-0002adf0: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 .... Load a \n-0002ae00: 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 Linux kernel ima\n-0002ae10: 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2069 6e20 ge from FILE in \n-0002ae20: 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 652e 2020 5468 16-bit mode. Th\n-0002ae30: 6520 7265 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 e rest of. t\n-0002ae40: 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 2070 6173 7365 he line is passe\n-0002ae50: 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 d verbatim as th\n-0002ae60: 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d e ...kernel comm\n-0002ae70: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e and-line.... An\n-0002ae80: 790a 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6d75 y. initrd mu\n-0002ae90: 7374 2062 6520 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 st be reloaded a\n-0002aea0: 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 fter using this \n-0002aeb0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 command (*note. \n-0002aec0: 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 3136 3a3a 292e initrd16::).\n-0002aed0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206b 6572 6e65 .. The kerne\n-0002aee0: 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 l will be booted\n-0002aef0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2074 7261 6469 using the tradi\n-0002af00: 7469 6f6e 616c 2031 362d 6269 7420 626f tional 16-bit bo\n-0002af10: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c ot. protocol\n-0002af20: 2e20 2041 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 6279 . As well as by\n-0002af30: 7061 7373 696e 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 passing problems\n-0002af40: 2077 6974 6820 e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 with ...vga=...\n-0002af50: 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 described in. \n-0002af60: 2020 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a *note linux::\n-0002af70: 2c20 7468 6973 2070 6572 6d69 7473 2062 , this permits b\n-0002af80: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d 6520 6f74 6865 ooting some othe\n-0002af90: 7220 7072 6f67 7261 6d73 2074 6861 740a r programs that.\n-0002afa0: 2020 2020 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2074 implement t\n-0002afb0: 6865 204c 696e 7578 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 he Linux boot pr\n-0002afc0: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2073 otocol for the s\n-0002afd0: 616b 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 7665 6e69 656e ake of convenien\n-0002afe0: 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 ce... This c\n-0002aff0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 ommand is only a\n-0002b000: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 3620 vailable on x86 \n-0002b010: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 systems.....File\n-0002b020: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002b030: 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 de: xen_hypervis\n-0002b040: 6f72 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2078 656e 5f6d or, Next: xen_m\n-0002b050: 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 odule, Prev: li\n-0002b060: 6e75 7831 362c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 nux16, Up: Load\n-0002b070: 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e er commands..17.\n-0002b080: 322e 3620 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 2.6 xen_hypervis\n-0002b090: 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d or.-------------\n-0002b0a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002b0b0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 mmand: xen_hyper\n-0002b0c0: 7669 736f 7220 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 visor file [argu\n-0002b0d0: 6d65 6e74 735d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 ments] .... \n-0002b0e0: 4c6f 6164 2061 2058 656e 2068 7970 6572 Load a Xen hyper\n-0002b0f0: 7669 736f 7220 6269 6e61 7279 2066 726f visor binary fro\n-0002b100: 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 m FILE. The res\n-0002b110: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 t of the line is\n-0002b120: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 . passed ver\n-0002b130: 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c batim as the ...\n-0002b140: 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c kernel command-l\n-0002b150: 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 206f 7468 ine.... Any oth\n-0002b160: 6572 2062 696e 6172 6965 730a 2020 2020 er binaries. \n-0002b170: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2072 656c 6f61 6465 must be reloade\n-0002b180: 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 d after using th\n-0002b190: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2054 6869 is command. Thi\n-0002b1a0: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c s command is onl\n-0002b1b0: 790a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 y. available\n-0002b1c0: 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3420 7379 7374 on AArch64 syst\n-0002b1d0: 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ems.....File: gr\n-0002b1e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002b1f0: 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 xen_module, Pre\n-0002b200: 763a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f v: xen_hyperviso\n-0002b210: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 r, Up: Loader c\n-0002b220: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3720 ommands..17.2.7 \n-0002b230: 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d xen_module.-----\n-0002b240: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002b250: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2078 656e 5f6d - Command: xen_m\n-0002b260: 6f64 756c 6520 5b2d 2d6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 odule [--nounzip\n-0002b270: 5d20 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 ] file [argument\n-0002b280: 735d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 206d s]. Load a m\n-0002b290: 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 7865 6e20 6879 odule for xen hy\n-0002b2a0: 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2061 7420 7468 6520 pervisor at the \n-0002b2b0: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7072 6f63 6573 7320 booting process \n-0002b2c0: 6f66 2078 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 of xen.. The\n-0002b2d0: 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e rest of the lin\n-0002b2e0: 6520 6973 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 e is passed verb\n-0002b2f0: 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 atim as the modu\n-0002b300: 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652e le command line.\n-0002b310: 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7368 . Modules sh\n-0002b320: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 ould be loaded i\n-0002b330: 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 n the following \n-0002b340: 6f72 6465 723a 202d 2064 6f6d 3020 6b65 order: - dom0 ke\n-0002b350: 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 rnel. image \n-0002b360: 2d20 646f 6d30 2072 616d 6469 736b 2069 - dom0 ramdisk i\n-0002b370: 6620 7072 6573 656e 7420 2d20 5853 4d20 f present - XSM \n-0002b380: 706f 6c69 6379 2069 6620 7072 6573 656e policy if presen\n-0002b390: 7420 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d t This. comm\n-0002b3a0: 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 and is only avai\n-0002b3b0: 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 lable on AArch64\n-0002b3c0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c systems.....Fil\n-0002b3d0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002b3e0: 6f64 653a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d ode: General com\n-0002b3f0: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f mands, Next: Co\n-0002b400: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0002b410: 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 nds, Prev: Load\n-0002b420: 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 er commands, Up\n-0002b430: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 : Commands..17.3\n-0002b440: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 General command\n-0002b450: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n-0002b460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 =======..Command\n-0002b470: 7320 7573 6162 6c65 2061 6e79 7768 6572 s usable anywher\n-0002b480: 6520 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e e in the menu an\n-0002b490: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 d in the command\n-0002b4a0: 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a -line...* Menu:.\n-0002b4b0: 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 .* serial:: \n+00029bf0: 2020 4c6f 6164 2078 656e 206d 6f64 756c Load xen modul\n+00029c00: 6573 2066 6f72 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 es for xen hyper\n+00029c10: 7669 736f 7220 286f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2041 visor (only on A\n+00029c20: 4172 6368 3634 290a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a Arch64)....File:\n+00029c30: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00029c40: 653a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 e: chainloader, \n+00029c50: 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 Next: initrd, \n+00029c60: 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 Up: Loader comma\n+00029c70: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3120 6368 6169 nds..17.2.1 chai\n+00029c80: 6e6c 6f61 6465 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nloader.--------\n+00029c90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00029ca0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f Command: chainlo\n+00029cb0: 6164 6572 205b 2d2d 666f 7263 655d 2066 ader [--force] f\n+00029cc0: 696c 6520 5b61 7267 732e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 ile [args...]. \n+00029cd0: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 Load FILE as \n+00029ce0: 6120 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 a chain-loader. \n+00029cf0: 204c 696b 6520 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 Like any other \n+00029d00: 6669 6c65 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 2074 file loaded by t\n+00029d10: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 he. filesyst\n+00029d20: 656d 2063 6f64 652c 2069 7420 6361 6e20 em code, it can \n+00029d30: 7573 6520 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 use the blocklis\n+00029d40: 7420 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 t notation (*not\n+00029d50: 6520 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 206c 6973 e Block. lis\n+00029d60: 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2920 746f 2067 t syntax::) to g\n+00029d70: 7261 6220 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 rab the first se\n+00029d80: 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 7272 ctor of the curr\n+00029d90: 656e 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 ent partition. \n+00029da0: 2020 2077 6974 6820 e280 982b 31e2 8099 with ...+1...\n+00029db0: 2e20 204f 6e20 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f . On EFI platfo\n+00029dc0: 726d 732c 2061 6e79 2061 7267 756d 656e rms, any argumen\n+00029dd0: 7473 2061 6674 6572 2046 494c 4520 7769 ts after FILE wi\n+00029de0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 ll be sent. \n+00029df0: 746f 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696d to the loaded im\n+00029e00: 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f age... If yo\n+00029e10: 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 6520 6f70 u specify the op\n+00029e20: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 666f 7263 65e2 tion ...--force.\n+00029e30: 8099 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6f61 6420 4649 .., then load FI\n+00029e40: 4c45 2066 6f72 6369 626c 792c 0a20 2020 LE forcibly,. \n+00029e50: 2020 7768 6574 6865 7220 6974 2068 6173 whether it has\n+00029e60: 2061 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2073 6967 6e61 a correct signa\n+00029e70: 7475 7265 206f 7220 6e6f 742e 2020 5468 ture or not. Th\n+00029e80: 6973 2069 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2077 is is required w\n+00029e90: 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 2077 616e hen. you wan\n+00029ea0: 7420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 6665 t to load a defe\n+00029eb0: 6374 6976 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 ctive boot loade\n+00029ec0: 722c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2053 434f 2055 r, such as SCO U\n+00029ed0: 6e69 7857 6172 6520 372e 312e 0a0a 1f0a nixWare 7.1.....\n+00029ee0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00029ef0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 Node: initrd, \n+00029f00: 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c Next: initrd16,\n+00029f10: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 Prev: chainloa\n+00029f20: 6465 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 der, Up: Loader\n+00029f30: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e commands..17.2.\n+00029f40: 3220 696e 6974 7264 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2 initrd.-------\n+00029f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00029f60: 616e 643a 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6669 6c65 and: initrd file\n+00029f70: 205b 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 [file ...]. \n+00029f80: 204c 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 722c Load, in order,\n+00029f90: 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2066 6f72 all initrds for\n+00029fa0: 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 a Linux kernel \n+00029fb0: 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 image, and set t\n+00029fc0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7072 6f70 7269 he. appropri\n+00029fd0: 6174 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2069 ate parameters i\n+00029fe0: 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 7365 7475 n the Linux setu\n+00029ff0: 7020 6172 6561 2069 6e20 6d65 6d6f 7279 p area in memory\n+0002a000: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 790a 2020 2020 . This may. \n+0002a010: 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6166 only be used af\n+0002a020: 7465 7220 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 ter the ...linux\n+0002a030: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ... command (*no\n+0002a040: 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2920 6861 7320 te linux::) has \n+0002a050: 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7275 6e2e 2020 been. run. \n+0002a060: 5365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 474e 552f 4c69 See *note GNU/Li\n+0002a070: 6e75 783a 3a20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 nux:: for more i\n+0002a080: 6e66 6f20 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 nfo on booting G\n+0002a090: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 NU/Linux.. F\n+0002a0a0: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 or more informat\n+0002a0b0: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2073 ion on initrds s\n+0002a0c0: 6565 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 ee the GNU/Linux\n+0002a0d0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6f63 kernel. doc\n+0002a0e0: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 umentation. \n+0002a0f0: 2868 7474 7073 3a2f 2f64 6f63 732e 6b65 (https://docs.ke\n+0002a100: 726e 656c 2e6f 7267 2f66 696c 6573 7973 rnel.org/filesys\n+0002a110: 7465 6d73 2f72 616d 6673 2d72 6f6f 7466 tems/ramfs-rootf\n+0002a120: 732d 696e 6974 7261 6d66 732e 6874 6d6c s-initramfs.html\n+0002a130: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 206e 6577 2d73 )... A new-s\n+0002a140: 7479 6c65 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2866 6f72 tyle initrd (for\n+0002a150: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206e 6577 6572 2074 kernels newer t\n+0002a160: 6861 6e20 322e 3629 2063 6f6e 7461 696e han 2.6) contain\n+0002a170: 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 ing one file. \n+0002a180: 2020 7769 7468 206c 6561 6469 6e67 2070 with leading p\n+0002a190: 6174 6820 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2063 ath components c\n+0002a1a0: 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 2067 656e 6572 an also be gener\n+0002a1b0: 6174 6564 2061 7420 7275 6e20 7469 6d65 ated at run time\n+0002a1c0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6361 6e20 .. This can \n+0002a1d0: 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 6279 2070 7265 6669 be done by prefi\n+0002a1e0: 7869 6e67 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 xing an argument\n+0002a1f0: 2077 6974 6820 e280 986e 6577 633a e280 with ...newc:..\n+0002a200: 9920 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 790a 2020 . followed by. \n+0002a210: 2020 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 6f66 2074 the path of t\n+0002a220: 6865 2066 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206e he file in the n\n+0002a230: 6577 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2061 20e2 8098 ew initrd, a ...\n+0002a240: 3ae2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 7468 656e 2074 :..., and then t\n+0002a250: 6865 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2066 696c he GRUB. fil\n+0002a260: 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 e path to the fi\n+0002a270: 6c65 2064 6174 6120 746f 2062 6520 6265 le data to be be\n+0002a280: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 included... \n+0002a290: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 For example:. \n+0002a2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 206e initrd n\n+0002a2b0: 6577 633a 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f63 6f6e ewc:/etc/ssh/con\n+0002a2c0: 6669 673a 2868 6430 2c32 292f 686f 6d65 fig:(hd0,2)/home\n+0002a2d0: 2f75 7365 722f 2e73 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 /user/.ssh/confi\n+0002a2e0: 6720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g \\. \n+0002a2f0: 2020 2020 206e 6577 633a 2f65 7463 2f73 newc:/etc/s\n+0002a300: 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f sh/ssh_host_rsa_\n+0002a310: 6b65 793a 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 key:/etc/ssh/ssh\n+0002a320: 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 7920 5c0a _host_rsa_key \\.\n+0002a330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002a340: 202f 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a /boot/initrd.gz\n+0002a350: 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n+0002a360: 2020 2020 6e65 7763 3a2f 696e 6974 3a2f newc:/init:/\n+0002a370: 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 696e 6974 2e66 home/user/init.f\n+0002a380: 6978 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 ixed.. This \n+0002a390: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2067 656e command will gen\n+0002a3a0: 6572 6174 6520 7477 6f20 6e65 772d 7374 erate two new-st\n+0002a3b0: 796c 6520 696e 6974 7264 7320 6f6e 2074 yle initrds on t\n+0002a3c0: 6865 2066 6c79 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 he fly. The. \n+0002a3d0: 2020 6669 7273 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 first contains\n+0002a3e0: 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 e280 982f 6574 the path .../et\n+0002a3f0: 632f 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 c/ssh/config... \n+0002a400: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 with the content\n+0002a410: 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 6864 s of. ...(hd\n+0002a420: 302c 3229 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 2f2e 0,2)/home/user/.\n+0002a430: 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 616e ssh/config... an\n+0002a440: 6420 7468 6520 7061 7468 0a20 2020 2020 d the path. \n+0002a450: e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f .../etc/ssh/ssh_\n+0002a460: 686f 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 e280 9920 host_rsa_key... \n+0002a470: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 with the content\n+0002a480: 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 6574 s of. .../et\n+0002a490: 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 5f72 c/ssh/ssh_host_r\n+0002a4a0: 7361 5f6b 6579 e280 9920 6f6e 2074 6865 sa_key... on the\n+0002a4b0: 2052 4f4f 5420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2050 ROOT device. P\n+0002a4c0: 6172 656e 7420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a arent directory.\n+0002a4d0: 2020 2020 2070 6174 6873 2077 696c 6c20 paths will \n+0002a4e0: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6265 automatically be\n+0002a4f0: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 7320 6e65 generated as ne\n+0002a500: 6564 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6669 7273 eded. This firs\n+0002a510: 740a 2020 2020 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 t. generated\n+0002a520: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 7769 6c6c 2074 6865 initrd will the\n+0002a530: 6e20 6861 7665 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f n have .../boot/\n+0002a540: 696e 6974 7264 2e67 7ae2 8099 2063 6f6e initrd.gz... con\n+0002a550: 6361 7465 6e61 7465 640a 2020 2020 2061 catenated. a\n+0002a560: 6674 6572 2069 742e 2020 4e65 7874 2c20 fter it. Next, \n+0002a570: 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6e65 772d 7374 796c another new-styl\n+0002a580: 6520 6172 6368 6976 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 e archive will b\n+0002a590: 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 7769 7468 e generated with\n+0002a5a0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e . the conten\n+0002a5b0: 7473 206f 6620 e280 982f 686f 6d65 2f75 ts of .../home/u\n+0002a5c0: 7365 722f 696e 6974 2e66 6978 6564 e280 ser/init.fixed..\n+0002a5d0: 9920 696e 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 e280 . in the path ..\n+0002a5e0: 982f 696e 6974 e280 9920 616e 640a 2020 ./init... and. \n+0002a5f0: 2020 2061 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f 2074 appended to t\n+0002a600: 6865 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 636f 6e63 he previous conc\n+0002a610: 6174 656e 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4669 6e61 atenation. Fina\n+0002a620: 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 2072 6573 756c 7420 lly, the result \n+0002a630: 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2073 656e will. be sen\n+0002a640: 7420 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 t to the kernel \n+0002a650: 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 when booted... \n+0002a660: 2020 204b 6565 7020 696e 206d 696e 6420 Keep in mind \n+0002a670: 7468 6174 2070 6174 6873 2074 6861 7420 that paths that \n+0002a680: 636f 6d65 206c 6174 6572 2077 696c 6c20 come later will \n+0002a690: 7461 6b65 2070 7265 6365 6465 6e63 652e take precedence.\n+0002a6a0: 2020 536f 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 So. in the\n+0002a6b0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2061 626f 7665 2c20 example above, \n+0002a6c0: 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 7061 the generated pa\n+0002a6d0: 7468 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 2077 th .../init... w\n+0002a6e0: 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 7772 6974 6520 616e ill overwrite an\n+0002a6f0: 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 y. .../init.\n+0002a700: 8099 2069 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f69 .. in .../boot/i\n+0002a710: 6e69 7472 642e 677a e280 992e 2020 5468 nitrd.gz.... Th\n+0002a720: 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c is can be useful\n+0002a730: 2077 6865 6e20 6368 616e 6769 6e67 2074 when changing t\n+0002a740: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 696e 2069 6e69 he. main ini\n+0002a750: 7472 6420 6973 2075 6e64 6573 6972 6162 trd is undesirab\n+0002a760: 6c65 206f 7220 6469 6666 6963 756c 742e le or difficult.\n+0002a770: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002a780: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 nfo, Node: init\n+0002a790: 7264 3136 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 696e rd16, Next: lin\n+0002a7a0: 7578 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e69 7472 ux, Prev: initr\n+0002a7b0: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 d, Up: Loader c\n+0002a7c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3320 ommands..17.2.3 \n+0002a7d0: 696e 6974 7264 3136 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d initrd16.-------\n+0002a7e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002a7f0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 3620 mmand: initrd16 \n+0002a800: 6669 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 5d0a file [file ...].\n+0002a810: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 6f72 Load, in or\n+0002a820: 6465 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 7472 6473 der, all initrds\n+0002a830: 2066 6f72 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 for a Linux ker\n+0002a840: 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 746f 2062 6520 nel image to be \n+0002a850: 626f 6f74 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2031 booted. in 1\n+0002a860: 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 2c20 616e 6420 6-bit mode, and \n+0002a870: 7365 7420 7468 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 set the appropri\n+0002a880: 6174 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2069 ate parameters i\n+0002a890: 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 780a 2020 2020 n the Linux. \n+0002a8a0: 2073 6574 7570 2061 7265 6120 696e 206d setup area in m\n+0002a8b0: 656d 6f72 792e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 emory. This may\n+0002a8c0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6166 only be used af\n+0002a8d0: 7465 7220 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 ter the ...linux\n+0002a8e0: 3136 e280 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 16.... comma\n+0002a8f0: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 nd (*note linux1\n+0002a900: 363a 3a29 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6::) has been ru\n+0002a910: 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f n. See also *no\n+0002a920: 7465 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 0a20 te GNU/Linux::. \n+0002a930: 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 e280 9869 and the ...i\n+0002a940: 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nitrd... command\n+0002a950: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a (*note initrd::\n+0002a960: 2920 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 ) for more detai\n+0002a970: 6c73 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d ls on. argum\n+0002a980: 656e 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 ents... This\n+0002a990: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 command is only\n+0002a9a0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 available on th\n+0002a9b0: 6520 7063 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 666f e pc platform fo\n+0002a9c0: 7220 7838 3620 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a r x86 systems...\n+0002a9d0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002a9e0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c o, Node: linux,\n+0002a9f0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 362c Next: linux16,\n+0002aa00: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 Prev: initrd16\n+0002aa10: 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f , Up: Loader co\n+0002aa20: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e34 206c mmands..17.2.4 l\n+0002aa30: 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d inux.-----------\n+0002aa40: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0002aa50: 6c69 6e75 7820 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 linux file .... \n+0002aa60: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 Load a Linux\n+0002aa70: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 kernel image fr\n+0002aa80: 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 7265 om FILE. The re\n+0002aa90: 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 st of the line i\n+0002aaa0: 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 s. passed ve\n+0002aab0: 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 rbatim as the ..\n+0002aac0: 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d .kernel command-\n+0002aad0: 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 696e line.... Any in\n+0002aae0: 6974 7264 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 itrd must be. \n+0002aaf0: 2020 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 reloaded after\n+0002ab00: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d using this comm\n+0002ab10: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 and (*note initr\n+0002ab20: 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 2078 d::)... On x\n+0002ab30: 3836 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6520 86 systems, the \n+0002ab40: 6b65 726e 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2062 kernel will be b\n+0002ab50: 6f6f 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 ooted using the \n+0002ab60: 3332 2d62 6974 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 32-bit boot. \n+0002ab70: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 protocol. Note\n+0002ab80: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 that this means\n+0002ab90: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 e280 9876 6761 that the ...vga\n+0002aba0: 3de2 8099 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e =... boot option\n+0002abb0: 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2077 will. not w\n+0002abc0: 6f72 6b3b 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 ork; if you want\n+0002abd0: 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 7370 6563 6961 to set a specia\n+0002abe0: 6c20 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2c20 796f l video mode, yo\n+0002abf0: 7520 7769 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f 0a20 u will need to. \n+0002ac00: 2020 2020 7573 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6d use GRUB com\n+0002ac10: 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 mands such as ..\n+0002ac20: 9873 6574 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643d .set gfxpayload=\n+0002ac30: 3130 3234 7837 3638 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 1024x768... or .\n+0002ac40: 8098 7365 740a 2020 2020 2067 6678 7061 ..set. gfxpa\n+0002ac50: 796c 6f61 643d 6b65 6570 e280 9920 2874 yload=keep... (t\n+0002ac60: 6f20 6b65 6570 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 o keep the same \n+0002ac70: 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e20 mode as used in \n+0002ac80: 4752 5542 2920 696e 7374 6561 642e 0a20 GRUB) instead.. \n+0002ac90: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e 2061 7574 GRUB can aut\n+0002aca0: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 omatically detec\n+0002acb0: 7420 736f 6d65 2075 7365 7320 6f66 20e2 t some uses of .\n+0002acc0: 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 616e 6420 7472 ..vga=... and tr\n+0002acd0: 616e 736c 6174 650a 2020 2020 2074 6865 anslate. the\n+0002ace0: 6d20 746f 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 m to appropriate\n+0002acf0: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 settings of ...\n+0002ad00: 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 e280 992e 2020 gfxpayload.... \n+0002ad10: 5468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 3136 e280 The ...linux16..\n+0002ad20: 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 .. command (\n+0002ad30: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 *note linux16::)\n+0002ad40: 2061 766f 6964 7320 7468 6973 2072 6573 avoids this res\n+0002ad50: 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c triction.....Fil\n+0002ad60: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002ad70: 6f64 653a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 204e ode: linux16, N\n+0002ad80: 6578 743a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 ext: xen_hypervi\n+0002ad90: 736f 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 sor, Prev: linu\n+0002ada0: 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 x, Up: Loader c\n+0002adb0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3520 ommands..17.2.5 \n+0002adc0: 6c69 6e75 7831 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d linux16.--------\n+0002add0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002ade0: 616e 643a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2066 696c and: linux16 fil\n+0002adf0: 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 e .... Load \n+0002ae00: 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 a Linux kernel i\n+0002ae10: 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2069 mage from FILE i\n+0002ae20: 6e20 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 652e 2020 n 16-bit mode. \n+0002ae30: 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 The rest of. \n+0002ae40: 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 2070 6173 the line is pas\n+0002ae50: 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 sed verbatim as \n+0002ae60: 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f the ...kernel co\n+0002ae70: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 mmand-line.... \n+0002ae80: 416e 790a 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 Any. initrd \n+0002ae90: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 must be reloaded\n+0002aea0: 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 after using thi\n+0002aeb0: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 s command (*note\n+0002aec0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 3136 3a3a . initrd16::\n+0002aed0: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206b 6572 )... The ker\n+0002aee0: 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 626f 6f74 nel will be boot\n+0002aef0: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2074 7261 ed using the tra\n+0002af00: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2031 362d 6269 7420 ditional 16-bit \n+0002af10: 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f74 6f63 boot. protoc\n+0002af20: 6f6c 2e20 2041 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 ol. As well as \n+0002af30: 6279 7061 7373 696e 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 bypassing proble\n+0002af40: 6d73 2077 6974 6820 e280 9876 6761 3de2 ms with ...vga=.\n+0002af50: 8099 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e0a .. described in.\n+0002af60: 2020 2020 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 *note linux\n+0002af70: 3a3a 2c20 7468 6973 2070 6572 6d69 7473 ::, this permits\n+0002af80: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d 6520 6f74 booting some ot\n+0002af90: 6865 7220 7072 6f67 7261 6d73 2074 6861 her programs tha\n+0002afa0: 740a 2020 2020 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 t. implement\n+0002afb0: 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 2062 6f6f 7420 the Linux boot \n+0002afc0: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2066 6f72 2074 6865 protocol for the\n+0002afd0: 2073 616b 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 7665 6e69 sake of conveni\n+0002afe0: 656e 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 ence... This\n+0002aff0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 command is only\n+0002b000: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 available on x8\n+0002b010: 3620 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6 systems.....Fi\n+0002b020: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002b030: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 Node: xen_hyperv\n+0002b040: 6973 6f72 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2078 656e isor, Next: xen\n+0002b050: 5f6d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 _module, Prev: \n+0002b060: 6c69 6e75 7831 362c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f linux16, Up: Lo\n+0002b070: 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 ader commands..1\n+0002b080: 372e 322e 3620 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 7.2.6 xen_hyperv\n+0002b090: 6973 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d isor.-----------\n+0002b0a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002b0b0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 Command: xen_hyp\n+0002b0c0: 6572 7669 736f 7220 6669 6c65 205b 6172 ervisor file [ar\n+0002b0d0: 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 guments] .... \n+0002b0e0: 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 2058 656e 2068 7970 Load a Xen hyp\n+0002b0f0: 6572 7669 736f 7220 6269 6e61 7279 2066 ervisor binary f\n+0002b100: 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 rom FILE. The r\n+0002b110: 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 est of the line \n+0002b120: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 is. passed v\n+0002b130: 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 erbatim as the .\n+0002b140: 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ..kernel command\n+0002b150: 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 206f -line.... Any o\n+0002b160: 7468 6572 2062 696e 6172 6965 730a 2020 ther binaries. \n+0002b170: 2020 206d 7573 7420 6265 2072 656c 6f61 must be reloa\n+0002b180: 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 ded after using \n+0002b190: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2054 this command. T\n+0002b1a0: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f his command is o\n+0002b1b0: 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 nly. availab\n+0002b1c0: 6c65 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3420 7379 le on AArch64 sy\n+0002b1d0: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 stems.....File: \n+0002b1e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002b1f0: 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 : xen_module, P\n+0002b200: 7265 763a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 rev: xen_hypervi\n+0002b210: 736f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 sor, Up: Loader\n+0002b220: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e commands..17.2.\n+0002b230: 3720 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 7 xen_module.---\n+0002b240: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0002b250: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2078 656e -- Command: xen\n+0002b260: 5f6d 6f64 756c 6520 5b2d 2d6e 6f75 6e7a _module [--nounz\n+0002b270: 6970 5d20 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 ip] file [argume\n+0002b280: 6e74 735d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 nts]. Load a\n+0002b290: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 7865 6e20 module for xen \n+0002b2a0: 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2061 7420 7468 hypervisor at th\n+0002b2b0: 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7072 6f63 6573 e booting proces\n+0002b2c0: 7320 6f66 2078 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 s of xen.. T\n+0002b2d0: 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c he rest of the l\n+0002b2e0: 696e 6520 6973 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 ine is passed ve\n+0002b2f0: 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 6d6f rbatim as the mo\n+0002b300: 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e dule command lin\n+0002b310: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 6475 6c65 7320 e.. Modules \n+0002b320: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 should be loaded\n+0002b330: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e in the followin\n+0002b340: 6720 6f72 6465 723a 202d 2064 6f6d 3020 g order: - dom0 \n+0002b350: 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 kernel. imag\n+0002b360: 6520 2d20 646f 6d30 2072 616d 6469 736b e - dom0 ramdisk\n+0002b370: 2069 6620 7072 6573 656e 7420 2d20 5853 if present - XS\n+0002b380: 4d20 706f 6c69 6379 2069 6620 7072 6573 M policy if pres\n+0002b390: 656e 7420 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f ent This. co\n+0002b3a0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 mmand is only av\n+0002b3b0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 ailable on AArch\n+0002b3c0: 3634 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 64 systems.....F\n+0002b3d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002b3e0: 204e 6f64 653a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 Node: General c\n+0002b3f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ommands, Next: \n+0002b400: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0002b410: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f mands, Prev: Lo\n+0002b420: 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 ader commands, \n+0002b430: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 Up: Commands..17\n+0002b440: 2e33 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 .3 General comma\n+0002b450: 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nds.============\n+0002b460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 6f6d 6d61 =========..Comma\n+0002b470: 6e64 7320 7573 6162 6c65 2061 6e79 7768 nds usable anywh\n+0002b480: 6572 6520 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 ere in the menu \n+0002b490: 616e 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 and in the comma\n+0002b4a0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 nd-line...* Menu\n+0002b4b0: 3a0a 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 3a20 2020 :..* serial:: \n 0002b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002b4d0: 2053 6574 2075 7020 6120 7365 7269 616c Set up a serial\n-0002b4e0: 2064 6576 6963 650a 2a20 7465 726d 696e device.* termin\n-0002b4f0: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 al_input:: \n-0002b500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d61 6e61 6765 2069 Manage i\n-0002b510: 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a nput terminals.*\n-0002b520: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 terminal_output\n-0002b530: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d :: M\n-0002b540: 616e 6167 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 anage output ter\n-0002b550: 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 minals.* terminf\n-0002b560: 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o:: \n-0002b570: 2020 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 7465 Define te\n-0002b580: 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 650a 0a1f 0a46 rminal type....F\n-0002b590: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002b5a0: 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 Node: serial, \n-0002b5b0: 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 Next: terminal_i\n-0002b5c0: 6e70 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 nput, Up: Gener\n-0002b5d0: 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e al commands..17.\n-0002b5e0: 332e 3120 7365 7269 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 3.1 serial.-----\n-0002b5f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002b600: 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6572 6961 6c20 5b2d mmand: serial [-\n-0002b610: 2d75 6e69 743d 756e 6974 5d20 5b2d 2d70 -unit=unit] [--p\n-0002b620: 6f72 743d 706f 7274 5d20 5b2d 2d73 7065 ort=port] [--spe\n-0002b630: 6564 3d73 7065 6564 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 ed=speed]. \n-0002b640: 2020 2020 5b2d 2d77 6f72 643d 776f 7264 [--word=word\n-0002b650: 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6172 6974 793d 7061 7269 ] [--parity=pari\n-0002b660: 7479 5d20 5b2d 2d73 746f 703d 7374 6f70 ty] [--stop=stop\n-0002b670: 5d0a 2020 2020 2049 6e69 7469 616c 697a ]. Initializ\n-0002b680: 6520 6120 7365 7269 616c 2064 6576 6963 e a serial devic\n-0002b690: 652e 2020 554e 4954 2069 7320 6120 6e75 e. UNIT is a nu\n-0002b6a0: 6d62 6572 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7261 6e67 mber in the rang\n-0002b6b0: 6520 302d 330a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 e 0-3. speci\n-0002b6c0: 6679 696e 6720 7768 6963 6820 7365 7269 fying which seri\n-0002b6d0: 616c 2070 6f72 7420 746f 2075 7365 3b20 al port to use; \n-0002b6e0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2030 2c20 7768 default is 0, wh\n-0002b6f0: 6963 680a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 7370 ich. corresp\n-0002b700: 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 7468 6520 706f 7274 onds to the port\n-0002b710: 206f 6674 656e 2063 616c 6c65 6420 434f often called CO\n-0002b720: 4d31 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 504f 5254 2069 M1... PORT i\n-0002b730: 7320 7468 6520 492f 4f20 706f 7274 2077 s the I/O port w\n-0002b740: 6865 7265 2074 6865 2055 4152 5420 6973 here the UART is\n-0002b750: 2074 6f20 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 206f 722c to be found or,\n-0002b760: 2069 6620 7072 6566 6978 6564 0a20 2020 if prefixed. \n-0002b770: 2020 7769 7468 20e2 8098 6d6d 696f 2ce2 with ...mmio,.\n-0002b780: 8099 2c20 7468 6520 4d4d 494f 2061 6464 .., the MMIO add\n-0002b790: 7265 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 5541 5254 ress of the UART\n-0002b7a0: 2e20 4966 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 . If specified i\n-0002b7b0: 7420 7461 6b65 730a 2020 2020 2070 7265 t takes. pre\n-0002b7c0: 6365 6465 6e63 6520 6f76 6572 2055 4e49 cedence over UNI\n-0002b7d0: 542e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 6974 696f T... Additio\n-0002b7e0: 6e61 6c6c 792c 2061 6e20 4d4d 494f 2061 nally, an MMIO a\n-0002b7f0: 6464 7265 7373 2063 616e 2062 6520 7375 ddress can be su\n-0002b800: 6666 6978 6564 2077 6974 683a 0a20 2020 ffixed with:. \n-0002b810: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e62 e280 ... ....b..\n-0002b820: 9920 666f 7220 6279 7465 7320 6163 6365 . for bytes acce\n-0002b830: 7373 2028 6465 6661 756c 7429 0a20 2020 ss (default). \n-0002b840: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e77 e280 ... ....w..\n-0002b850: 9920 666f 7220 3136 2d62 6974 2077 6f72 . for 16-bit wor\n-0002b860: 6420 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 2020 d access. \n-0002b870: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e6c e280 9920 666f ... ....l... fo\n-0002b880: 7220 3332 2d62 6974 206c 6f6e 6720 776f r 32-bit long wo\n-0002b890: 7264 2061 6363 6573 7320 6f72 0a20 2020 rd access or. \n-0002b8a0: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e71 e280 ... ....q..\n-0002b8b0: 9920 666f 7220 3634 2d62 6974 206c 6f6e . for 64-bit lon\n-0002b8c0: 6720 6c6f 6e67 2077 6f72 6420 6163 6365 g long word acce\n-0002b8d0: 7373 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2050 ss.. Also, P\n-0002b8e0: 4f52 5420 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6620 7468 ORT can be of th\n-0002b8f0: 6520 666f 726d 20e2 8098 7063 692c 5858 e form ...pci,XX\n-0002b900: 3a58 582e 58e2 8099 2074 6f20 696e 6469 :XX.X... to indi\n-0002b910: 6361 7465 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 2020 cate a serial. \n-0002b920: 2020 2064 6576 6963 6520 6578 706f 7365 device expose\n-0002b930: 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2050 4349 2062 7573 d on the PCI bus\n-0002b940: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5350 4545 4420 6973 ... SPEED is\n-0002b950: 2074 6865 2074 7261 6e73 6d69 7373 696f the transmissio\n-0002b960: 6e20 7370 6565 643b 2064 6566 6175 6c74 n speed; default\n-0002b970: 2069 7320 3936 3030 2e20 2057 4f52 4420 is 9600. WORD \n-0002b980: 616e 6420 5354 4f50 0a20 2020 2020 6172 and STOP. ar\n-0002b990: 6520 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 e the number of \n-0002b9a0: 6461 7461 2062 6974 7320 616e 6420 7374 data bits and st\n-0002b9b0: 6f70 2062 6974 732e 2020 4461 7461 2062 op bits. Data b\n-0002b9c0: 6974 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 696e 0a20 its must be in. \n-0002b9d0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 352d the range 5-\n-0002b9e0: 3820 616e 6420 7374 6f70 2062 6974 7320 8 and stop bits \n-0002b9f0: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 3120 6f72 2032 2e20 must be 1 or 2. \n-0002ba00: 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 3820 6461 Default is 8 da\n-0002ba10: 7461 2062 6974 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 ta bits. and\n-0002ba20: 206f 6e65 2073 746f 7020 6269 742e 2020 one stop bit. \n-0002ba30: 5041 5249 5459 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 PARITY is one of\n-0002ba40: 20e2 8098 6e6f e280 992c 20e2 8098 6f64 ...no..., ...od\n-0002ba50: 64e2 8099 2c20 e280 9865 7665 6ee2 8099 d..., ...even...\n-0002ba60: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c and. defaul\n-0002ba70: 7473 2074 6f20 e280 986e 6fe2 8099 2e0a ts to ...no.....\n-0002ba80: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2070 6173 7365 6420 . If passed \n-0002ba90: 6e6f 2055 4e49 5420 6e6f 7220 504f 5254 no UNIT nor PORT\n-0002baa0: 2c20 6f72 2069 6620 504f 5254 2069 7320 , or if PORT is \n-0002bab0: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6175 746f e280 set to ...auto..\n-0002bac0: 9920 7468 656e 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 . then GRUB. \n-0002bad0: 2077 696c 6c20 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f will attempt to\n-0002bae0: 2075 7365 2041 4350 4920 746f 2061 7574 use ACPI to aut\n-0002baf0: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 omatically detec\n-0002bb00: 7420 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 2064 6566 t the system def\n-0002bb10: 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c ault. serial\n-0002bb20: 2070 6f72 7420 616e 6420 6974 7320 636f port and its co\n-0002bb30: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 nfiguration. If\n-0002bb40: 2074 6869 7320 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f this informatio\n-0002bb50: 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6176 n is not. av\n-0002bb60: 6169 6c61 626c 652c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c ailable, it will\n-0002bb70: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2074 6f20 554e 4954 default to UNIT\n-0002bb80: 2030 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7365 0... The se\n-0002bb90: 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 6973 206e 6f74 rial port is not\n-0002bba0: 2075 7365 6420 6173 2061 2063 6f6d 6d75 used as a commu\n-0002bbb0: 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 2063 6861 6e6e 656c nication channel\n-0002bbc0: 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 unless the. \n-0002bbd0: 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 ...terminal_inp\n-0002bbe0: 7574 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7465 726d ut... or ...term\n-0002bbf0: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 8099 2063 inal_output... c\n-0002bc00: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7573 6564 2028 ommand is used (\n-0002bc10: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 *note. termi\n-0002bc20: 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f nal_input::, *no\n-0002bc30: 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 te terminal_outp\n-0002bc40: 7574 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 ut::)... Not\n-0002bc50: 652c 2076 616c 6964 2050 4f52 5420 7661 e, valid PORT va\n-0002bc60: 6c75 6573 2c20 6578 636c 7564 696e 6720 lues, excluding \n-0002bc70: 494f 2070 6f72 7420 6164 6472 6573 7365 IO port addresse\n-0002bc80: 732c 2063 616e 2062 6520 666f 756e 640a s, can be found.\n-0002bc90: 2020 2020 2062 7920 6c69 7374 696e 6720 by listing \n-0002bca0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 7769 7468 20e2 terminals with .\n-0002bcb0: 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 ..terminal_outpu\n-0002bcc0: 74e2 8099 2c20 7365 6c65 6374 696e 6720 t..., selecting \n-0002bcd0: 616c 6c20 6e61 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2070 all names. p\n-0002bce0: 7265 6669 7865 6420 6279 20e2 8098 7365 refixed by ...se\n-0002bcf0: 7269 616c 5fe2 8099 2061 6e64 2072 656d rial_... and rem\n-0002bd00: 6f76 696e 6720 7468 6174 2070 7265 6669 oving that prefi\n-0002bd10: 782e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 x... Example\n-0002bd20: 733a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 s:. ser\n-0002bd30: 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 3d30 7833 6638 ial --port=0x3f8\n-0002bd40: 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d39 3630 300a 2020 --speed=9600. \n-0002bd50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c 202d serial -\n-0002bd60: 2d70 6f72 743d 6d6d 696f 2c66 6566 6230 -port=mmio,fefb0\n-0002bd70: 3030 302e 6c20 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3131 000.l --speed=11\n-0002bd80: 3532 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 5200. s\n-0002bd90: 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 3d70 6369 erial --port=pci\n-0002bda0: 2c30 303a 3136 2e33 202d 2d73 7065 6564 ,00:16.3 --speed\n-0002bdb0: 3d31 3135 3230 300a 0a20 2020 2020 5365 =115200.. Se\n-0002bdc0: 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 2053 6572 e also *note Ser\n-0002bdd0: 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 3a3a 2e0a ial terminal::..\n-0002bde0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002bdf0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 fo, Node: termi\n-0002be00: 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 4e65 7874 nal_input, Next\n-0002be10: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 : terminal_outpu\n-0002be20: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 7269 616c t, Prev: serial\n-0002be30: 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 , Up: General c\n-0002be40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3220 ommands..17.3.2 \n-0002be50: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 0a2d terminal_input.-\n-0002be60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002be70: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002be80: 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 d: terminal_inpu\n-0002be90: 7420 5b2d 2d61 7070 656e 647c 2d2d 7265 t [--append|--re\n-0002bea0: 6d6f 7665 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c31 move] [terminal1\n-0002beb0: 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c32 5d0a 2020 ] [terminal2]. \n-0002bec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 .... \n-0002bed0: 204c 6973 7420 6f72 2073 656c 6563 7420 List or select \n-0002bee0: 616e 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 an input termina\n-0002bef0: 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f l... With no\n-0002bf00: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 6c69 7374 arguments, list\n-0002bf10: 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 616e 6420 the active and \n-0002bf20: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 7075 7420 available input \n-0002bf30: 7465 726d 696e 616c 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 terminals... \n-0002bf40: 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d61 7070 656e With ...--appen\n-0002bf50: 64e2 8099 2c20 6164 6420 7468 6520 6e61 d..., add the na\n-0002bf60: 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 746f med terminals to\n-0002bf70: 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6374 the list of act\n-0002bf80: 6976 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e70 7574 2074 ive. input t\n-0002bf90: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 3b20 616e 7920 6f66 erminals; any of\n-0002bfa0: 2074 6865 7365 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 these may be us\n-0002bfb0: 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 696e ed to provide in\n-0002bfc0: 7075 7420 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 put to GRUB... \n-0002bfd0: 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d72 656d With ...--rem\n-0002bfe0: 6f76 65e2 8099 2c20 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 ove..., remove t\n-0002bff0: 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 he named termina\n-0002c000: 6c73 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6163 7469 ls from the acti\n-0002c010: 7665 206c 6973 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 ve list... W\n-0002c020: 6974 6820 6e6f 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2062 ith no options b\n-0002c030: 7574 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 6572 ut a list of ter\n-0002c040: 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 732c 206d 616b minal names, mak\n-0002c050: 6520 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 206c 6973 7465 e only the liste\n-0002c060: 640a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 d. terminal \n-0002c070: 6e61 6d65 7320 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f names active....\n-0002c080: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002c090: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 , Node: termina\n-0002c0a0: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 204e 6578 743a l_output, Next:\n-0002c0b0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 terminfo, Prev\n-0002c0c0: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 : terminal_input\n-0002c0d0: 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 , Up: General c\n-0002c0e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3320 ommands..17.3.3 \n-0002c0f0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 740a terminal_output.\n-0002c100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002c110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002c120: 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 and: terminal_ou\n-0002c130: 7470 7574 205b 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 7c2d tput [--append|-\n-0002c140: 2d72 656d 6f76 655d 205b 7465 726d 696e -remove] [termin\n-0002c150: 616c 315d 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c 325d al1] [terminal2]\n-0002c160: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 . .... \n-0002c170: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 7220 7365 6c65 List or sele\n-0002c180: 6374 2061 6e20 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 ct an output ter\n-0002c190: 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 minal... Wit\n-0002c1a0: 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 h no arguments, \n-0002c1b0: 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 list the active \n-0002c1c0: 616e 6420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f75 and available ou\n-0002c1d0: 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2e0a tput terminals..\n-0002c1e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d . With ...--\n-0002c1f0: 6170 7065 6e64 e280 992c 2061 6464 2074 append..., add t\n-0002c200: 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 he named termina\n-0002c210: 6c73 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f ls to the list o\n-0002c220: 6620 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 6f75 f active. ou\n-0002c230: 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 3b20 tput terminals; \n-0002c240: 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2077 696c all of these wil\n-0002c250: 6c20 7265 6365 6976 6520 6f75 7470 7574 l receive output\n-0002c260: 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 from GRUB... \n-0002c270: 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7265 6d6f With ...--remo\n-0002c280: 7665 e280 992c 2072 656d 6f76 6520 7468 ve..., remove th\n-0002c290: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c e named terminal\n-0002c2a0: 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 s from the activ\n-0002c2b0: 6520 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 e list... Wi\n-0002c2c0: 7468 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 th no options bu\n-0002c2d0: 7420 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7465 726d t a list of term\n-0002c2e0: 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 2c20 6d61 6b65 inal names, make\n-0002c2f0: 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 6564 only the listed\n-0002c300: 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e . terminal n\n-0002c310: 616d 6573 2061 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a ames active.....\n-0002c320: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002c330: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f Node: terminfo\n-0002c340: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 , Prev: termina\n-0002c350: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 l_output, Up: G\n-0002c360: 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a eneral commands.\n-0002c370: 0a31 372e 332e 3420 7465 726d 696e 666f .17.3.4 terminfo\n-0002c380: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0002c390: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 .. -- Command: t\n-0002c3a0: 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 5b2d 617c 2d75 7c2d erminfo [-a|-u|-\n-0002c3b0: 765d 205b 2d67 2057 7848 5d20 5b74 6572 v] [-g WxH] [ter\n-0002c3c0: 6d5d 205b 7479 7065 5d0a 2020 2020 2044 m] [type]. D\n-0002c3d0: 6566 696e 6520 7468 6520 6361 7061 6269 efine the capabi\n-0002c3e0: 6c69 7469 6573 206f 6620 796f 7572 2074 lities of your t\n-0002c3f0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6279 2067 6976 696e erminal by givin\n-0002c400: 6720 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 616e g the name of an\n-0002c410: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 7920 696e 2074 . entry in t\n-0002c420: 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 6461 7461 he terminfo data\n-0002c430: 6261 7365 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7368 6f75 base, which shou\n-0002c440: 6c64 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 726f ld correspond ro\n-0002c450: 7567 686c 7920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6120 ughly to. a \n-0002c460: e280 9854 4552 4de2 8099 2065 6e76 6972 ...TERM... envir\n-0002c470: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-0002c480: 696e 2055 6e69 782e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 in Unix... T\n-0002c490: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 7661 he currently ava\n-0002c4a0: 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ilable terminal \n-0002c4b0: 7479 7065 7320 6172 6520 e280 9876 7431 types are ...vt1\n-0002c4c0: 3030 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7674 3130 302d 00..., ...vt100-\n-0002c4d0: 636f 6c6f 72e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 color...,. .\n-0002c4e0: 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 e280 992c 2061 ..ieee1275..., a\n-0002c4f0: 6e64 20e2 8098 6475 6d62 e280 992e 2020 nd ...dumb.... \n-0002c500: 4966 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 6f74 6865 If you need othe\n-0002c510: 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 6573 r terminal types\n-0002c520: 2c20 706c 6561 7365 0a20 2020 2020 636f , please. co\n-0002c530: 6e74 6163 7420 7573 2074 6f20 6469 7363 ntact us to disc\n-0002c540: 7573 7320 7468 6520 6265 7374 2077 6179 uss the best way\n-0002c550: 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 7375 7070 to include supp\n-0002c560: 6f72 7420 666f 7220 7468 6573 6520 696e ort for these in\n-0002c570: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 . 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Initial\n+0002b680: 697a 6520 6120 7365 7269 616c 2064 6576 ize a serial dev\n+0002b690: 6963 652e 2020 554e 4954 2069 7320 6120 ice. UNIT is a \n+0002b6a0: 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7261 number in the ra\n+0002b6b0: 6e67 6520 302d 330a 2020 2020 2073 7065 nge 0-3. spe\n+0002b6c0: 6369 6679 696e 6720 7768 6963 6820 7365 cifying which se\n+0002b6d0: 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 746f 2075 7365 rial port to use\n+0002b6e0: 3b20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2030 2c20 ; default is 0, \n+0002b6f0: 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 which. corre\n+0002b700: 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 7468 6520 706f sponds to the po\n+0002b710: 7274 206f 6674 656e 2063 616c 6c65 6420 rt often called \n+0002b720: 434f 4d31 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 504f 5254 COM1... PORT\n+0002b730: 2069 7320 7468 6520 492f 4f20 706f 7274 is the I/O port\n+0002b740: 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2055 4152 5420 where the UART \n+0002b750: 6973 2074 6f20 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 206f is to be found o\n+0002b760: 722c 2069 6620 7072 6566 6978 6564 0a20 r, if prefixed. \n+0002b770: 2020 2020 7769 7468 20e2 8098 6d6d 696f with ...mmio\n+0002b780: 2ce2 8099 2c20 7468 6520 4d4d 494f 2061 ,..., the MMIO a\n+0002b790: 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 5541 ddress of the UA\n+0002b7a0: 5254 2e20 4966 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 RT. If specified\n+0002b7b0: 2069 7420 7461 6b65 730a 2020 2020 2070 it takes. p\n+0002b7c0: 7265 6365 6465 6e63 6520 6f76 6572 2055 recedence over U\n+0002b7d0: 4e49 542e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 6974 NIT... Addit\n+0002b7e0: 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2061 6e20 4d4d 494f ionally, an MMIO\n+0002b7f0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2063 616e 2062 6520 address can be \n+0002b800: 7375 6666 6978 6564 2077 6974 683a 0a20 suffixed with:. \n+0002b810: 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e62 ... ....b\n+0002b820: e280 9920 666f 7220 6279 7465 7320 6163 ... for bytes ac\n+0002b830: 6365 7373 2028 6465 6661 756c 7429 0a20 cess (default). \n+0002b840: 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e77 ... ....w\n+0002b850: e280 9920 666f 7220 3136 2d62 6974 2077 ... for 16-bit w\n+0002b860: 6f72 6420 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 ord access. \n+0002b870: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e6c e280 9920 ... ....l... \n+0002b880: 666f 7220 3332 2d62 6974 206c 6f6e 6720 for 32-bit long \n+0002b890: 776f 7264 2061 6363 6573 7320 6f72 0a20 word access or. \n+0002b8a0: 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e71 ... ....q\n+0002b8b0: e280 9920 666f 7220 3634 2d62 6974 206c ... for 64-bit l\n+0002b8c0: 6f6e 6720 6c6f 6e67 2077 6f72 6420 6163 ong long word ac\n+0002b8d0: 6365 7373 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c cess.. Also,\n+0002b8e0: 2050 4f52 5420 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6620 PORT can be of \n+0002b8f0: 7468 6520 666f 726d 20e2 8098 7063 692c the form ...pci,\n+0002b900: 5858 3a58 582e 58e2 8099 2074 6f20 696e XX:XX.X... to in\n+0002b910: 6469 6361 7465 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c0a dicate a serial.\n+0002b920: 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 6520 6578 706f device expo\n+0002b930: 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2050 4349 2062 sed on the PCI b\n+0002b940: 7573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5350 4545 4420 us... SPEED \n+0002b950: 6973 2074 6865 2074 7261 6e73 6d69 7373 is the transmiss\n+0002b960: 696f 6e20 7370 6565 643b 2064 6566 6175 ion speed; defau\n+0002b970: 6c74 2069 7320 3936 3030 2e20 2057 4f52 lt is 9600. WOR\n+0002b980: 4420 616e 6420 5354 4f50 0a20 2020 2020 D and STOP. \n+0002b990: 6172 6520 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f are the number o\n+0002b9a0: 6620 6461 7461 2062 6974 7320 616e 6420 f data bits and \n+0002b9b0: 7374 6f70 2062 6974 732e 2020 4461 7461 stop bits. Data\n+0002b9c0: 2062 6974 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 696e bits must be in\n+0002b9d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 . the range \n+0002b9e0: 352d 3820 616e 6420 7374 6f70 2062 6974 5-8 and stop bit\n+0002b9f0: 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 3120 6f72 2032 s must be 1 or 2\n+0002ba00: 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 3820 . Default is 8 \n+0002ba10: 6461 7461 2062 6974 730a 2020 2020 2061 data bits. a\n+0002ba20: 6e64 206f 6e65 2073 746f 7020 6269 742e nd one stop bit.\n+0002ba30: 2020 5041 5249 5459 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 PARITY is one \n+0002ba40: 6f66 20e2 8098 6e6f e280 992c 20e2 8098 of ...no..., ...\n+0002ba50: 6f64 64e2 8099 2c20 e280 9865 7665 6ee2 odd..., ...even.\n+0002ba60: 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 .. and. defa\n+0002ba70: 756c 7473 2074 6f20 e280 986e 6fe2 8099 ults to ...no...\n+0002ba80: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2070 6173 7365 ... If passe\n+0002ba90: 6420 6e6f 2055 4e49 5420 6e6f 7220 504f d no UNIT nor PO\n+0002baa0: 5254 2c20 6f72 2069 6620 504f 5254 2069 RT, or if PORT i\n+0002bab0: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6175 746f s set to ...auto\n+0002bac0: e280 9920 7468 656e 2047 5255 420a 2020 ... then GRUB. \n+0002bad0: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6174 7465 6d70 7420 will attempt \n+0002bae0: 746f 2075 7365 2041 4350 4920 746f 2061 to use ACPI to a\n+0002baf0: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 utomatically det\n+0002bb00: 6563 7420 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 2064 ect the system d\n+0002bb10: 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7269 efault. seri\n+0002bb20: 616c 2070 6f72 7420 616e 6420 6974 7320 al port and its \n+0002bb30: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 configuration. \n+0002bb40: 4966 2074 6869 7320 696e 666f 726d 6174 If this informat\n+0002bb50: 696f 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 ion is not. \n+0002bb60: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652c 2069 7420 7769 available, it wi\n+0002bb70: 6c6c 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2074 6f20 554e ll default to UN\n+0002bb80: 4954 2030 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 IT 0... The \n+0002bb90: 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 6973 206e serial port is n\n+0002bba0: 6f74 2075 7365 6420 6173 2061 2063 6f6d ot used as a com\n+0002bbb0: 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 2063 6861 6e6e munication chann\n+0002bbc0: 656c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 650a 2020 el unless the. \n+0002bbd0: 2020 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 ...terminal_i\n+0002bbe0: 6e70 7574 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7465 nput... or ...te\n+0002bbf0: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 8099 rminal_output...\n+0002bc00: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7573 6564 command is used\n+0002bc10: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 6572 (*note. ter\n+0002bc20: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 743a 3a2c 202a minal_input::, *\n+0002bc30: 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 note terminal_ou\n+0002bc40: 7470 7574 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e tput::)... N\n+0002bc50: 6f74 652c 2076 616c 6964 2050 4f52 5420 ote, valid PORT \n+0002bc60: 7661 6c75 6573 2c20 6578 636c 7564 696e values, excludin\n+0002bc70: 6720 494f 2070 6f72 7420 6164 6472 6573 g IO port addres\n+0002bc80: 7365 732c 2063 616e 2062 6520 666f 756e ses, can be foun\n+0002bc90: 640a 2020 2020 2062 7920 6c69 7374 696e d. by listin\n+0002bca0: 6720 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 7769 7468 g terminals with\n+0002bcb0: 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 ...terminal_out\n+0002bcc0: 7075 74e2 8099 2c20 7365 6c65 6374 696e put..., selectin\n+0002bcd0: 6720 616c 6c20 6e61 6d65 730a 2020 2020 g all names. \n+0002bce0: 2070 7265 6669 7865 6420 6279 20e2 8098 prefixed by ...\n+0002bcf0: 7365 7269 616c 5fe2 8099 2061 6e64 2072 serial_... and r\n+0002bd00: 656d 6f76 696e 6720 7468 6174 2070 7265 emoving that pre\n+0002bd10: 6669 782e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7861 6d70 fix... Examp\n+0002bd20: 6c65 733a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 les:. s\n+0002bd30: 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 3d30 7833 erial --port=0x3\n+0002bd40: 6638 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d39 3630 300a f8 --speed=9600.\n+0002bd50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c serial\n+0002bd60: 202d 2d70 6f72 743d 6d6d 696f 2c66 6566 --port=mmio,fef\n+0002bd70: 6230 3030 302e 6c20 2d2d 7370 6565 643d b0000.l --speed=\n+0002bd80: 3131 3532 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 115200. \n+0002bd90: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 3d70 serial --port=p\n+0002bda0: 6369 2c30 303a 3136 2e33 202d 2d73 7065 ci,00:16.3 --spe\n+0002bdb0: 6564 3d31 3135 3230 300a 0a20 2020 2020 ed=115200.. \n+0002bdc0: 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 2053 See also *note S\n+0002bdd0: 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 3a3a erial terminal::\n+0002bde0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002bdf0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 info, Node: ter\n+0002be00: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 4e65 minal_input, Ne\n+0002be10: 7874 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 xt: terminal_out\n+0002be20: 7075 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 7269 put, Prev: seri\n+0002be30: 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c al, Up: General\n+0002be40: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e commands..17.3.\n+0002be50: 3220 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2 terminal_input\n+0002be60: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0002be70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002be80: 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e and: terminal_in\n+0002be90: 7075 7420 5b2d 2d61 7070 656e 647c 2d2d put [--append|--\n+0002bea0: 7265 6d6f 7665 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 remove] [termina\n+0002beb0: 6c31 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c32 5d0a l1] [terminal2].\n+0002bec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 .... \n+0002bed0: 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f72 2073 656c 6563 List or selec\n+0002bee0: 7420 616e 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 t an input termi\n+0002bef0: 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 nal... With \n+0002bf00: 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 6c69 no arguments, li\n+0002bf10: 7374 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 616e st the active an\n+0002bf20: 6420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 7075 d available inpu\n+0002bf30: 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 732e 0a0a 2020 t terminals... \n+0002bf40: 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d61 7070 With ...--app\n+0002bf50: 656e 64e2 8099 2c20 6164 6420 7468 6520 end..., add the \n+0002bf60: 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 named terminals \n+0002bf70: 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 to the list of a\n+0002bf80: 6374 6976 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e70 7574 ctive. input\n+0002bf90: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 3b20 616e 7920 terminals; any \n+0002bfa0: 6f66 2074 6865 7365 206d 6179 2062 6520 of these may be \n+0002bfb0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 used to provide \n+0002bfc0: 696e 7075 7420 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a input to GRUB...\n+0002bfd0: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d72 With ...--r\n+0002bfe0: 656d 6f76 65e2 8099 2c20 7265 6d6f 7665 emove..., remove\n+0002bff0: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 the named termi\n+0002c000: 6e61 6c73 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6163 nals from the ac\n+0002c010: 7469 7665 206c 6973 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 tive list... \n+0002c020: 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 206f 7074 696f 6e73 With no options\n+0002c030: 2062 7574 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 but a list of t\n+0002c040: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 732c 206d erminal names, m\n+0002c050: 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 206c 6973 ake only the lis\n+0002c060: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ted. termina\n+0002c070: 6c20 6e61 6d65 7320 6163 7469 7665 2e0a l names active..\n+0002c080: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002c090: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 fo, Node: termi\n+0002c0a0: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 204e 6578 nal_output, Nex\n+0002c0b0: 743a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 t: terminfo, Pr\n+0002c0c0: 6576 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 ev: terminal_inp\n+0002c0d0: 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c ut, Up: General\n+0002c0e0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e commands..17.3.\n+0002c0f0: 3320 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 3 terminal_outpu\n+0002c100: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n+0002c110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002c120: 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f mmand: terminal_\n+0002c130: 6f75 7470 7574 205b 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 output [--append\n+0002c140: 7c2d 2d72 656d 6f76 655d 205b 7465 726d |--remove] [term\n+0002c150: 696e 616c 315d 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c inal1] [terminal\n+0002c160: 325d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 2]. ...\n+0002c170: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 7220 7365 . List or se\n+0002c180: 6c65 6374 2061 6e20 6f75 7470 7574 2074 lect an output t\n+0002c190: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 erminal... W\n+0002c1a0: 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 ith no arguments\n+0002c1b0: 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 , list the activ\n+0002c1c0: 6520 616e 6420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 e and available \n+0002c1d0: 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 output terminals\n+0002c1e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 ... With ...\n+0002c1f0: 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 e280 992c 2061 6464 --append..., add\n+0002c200: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 the named termi\n+0002c210: 6e61 6c73 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 nals to the list\n+0002c220: 206f 6620 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 of active. \n+0002c230: 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 output terminals\n+0002c240: 3b20 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2077 ; all of these w\n+0002c250: 696c 6c20 7265 6365 6976 6520 6f75 7470 ill receive outp\n+0002c260: 7574 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 ut from GRUB... \n+0002c270: 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7265 With ...--re\n+0002c280: 6d6f 7665 e280 992c 2072 656d 6f76 6520 move..., remove \n+0002c290: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e the named termin\n+0002c2a0: 616c 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2061 6374 als from the act\n+0002c2b0: 6976 6520 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ive list... \n+0002c2c0: 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 With no options \n+0002c2d0: 6275 7420 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7465 but a list of te\n+0002c2e0: 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 2c20 6d61 rminal names, ma\n+0002c2f0: 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 ke only the list\n+0002c300: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c ed. terminal\n+0002c310: 206e 616d 6573 2061 6374 6976 652e 0a0a names active...\n+0002c320: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002c330: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e o, Node: termin\n+0002c340: 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6572 6d69 fo, Prev: termi\n+0002c350: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 2055 703a nal_output, Up:\n+0002c360: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 General command\n+0002c370: 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3420 7465 726d 696e s..17.3.4 termin\n+0002c380: 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fo.-------------\n+0002c390: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002c3a0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 5b2d 617c 2d75 terminfo [-a|-u\n+0002c3b0: 7c2d 765d 205b 2d67 2057 7848 5d20 5b74 |-v] [-g WxH] [t\n+0002c3c0: 6572 6d5d 205b 7479 7065 5d0a 2020 2020 erm] [type]. \n+0002c3d0: 2044 6566 696e 6520 7468 6520 6361 7061 Define the capa\n+0002c3e0: 6269 6c69 7469 6573 206f 6620 796f 7572 bilities of your\n+0002c3f0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6279 2067 6976 terminal by giv\n+0002c400: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 ing the name of \n+0002c410: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 7920 696e an. entry in\n+0002c420: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 6461 the terminfo da\n+0002c430: 7461 6261 7365 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7368 tabase, which sh\n+0002c440: 6f75 6c64 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 ould correspond \n+0002c450: 726f 7567 686c 7920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 roughly to. \n+0002c460: 6120 e280 9854 4552 4de2 8099 2065 6e76 a ...TERM... env\n+0002c470: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+0002c480: 6520 696e 2055 6e69 782e 0a0a 2020 2020 e in Unix... \n+0002c490: 2054 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 The currently a\n+0002c4a0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 vailable termina\n+0002c4b0: 6c20 7479 7065 7320 6172 6520 e280 9876 l types are ...v\n+0002c4c0: 7431 3030 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7674 3130 t100..., ...vt10\n+0002c4d0: 302d 636f 6c6f 72e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 0-color...,. \n+0002c4e0: 20e2 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 e280 992c ...ieee1275...,\n+0002c4f0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6475 6d62 e280 992e and ...dumb....\n+0002c500: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 6f74 If you need ot\n+0002c510: 6865 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 her terminal typ\n+0002c520: 6573 2c20 706c 6561 7365 0a20 2020 2020 es, please. \n+0002c530: 636f 6e74 6163 7420 7573 2074 6f20 6469 contact us to di\n+0002c540: 7363 7573 7320 7468 6520 6265 7374 2077 scuss the best w\n+0002c550: 6179 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 7375 ay to include su\n+0002c560: 7070 6f72 7420 666f 7220 7468 6573 6520 pport for these \n+0002c570: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 in. GRUB... \n+0002c580: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 61e2 8099 The ...-a...\n+0002c590: 2028 e280 982d 2d61 7363 6969 e280 9929 (...--ascii...)\n+0002c5a0: 2c20 e280 982d 75e2 8099 2028 e280 982d , ...-u... (...-\n+0002c5b0: 2d75 7466 38e2 8099 292c 2061 6e64 20e2 -utf8...), and .\n+0002c5c0: 8098 2d76 e280 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d 7669 ..-v... 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T\n+0002c780: 6865 20e2 8098 2d67 e280 9920 28e2 8098 he ...-g... (...\n+0002c790: 2d2d 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 e280 9929 2063 --geometry...) c\n+0002c7a0: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7370 an be used to sp\n+0002c7b0: 6563 6966 7920 7465 726d 696e 616c 2067 ecify terminal g\n+0002c7c0: 656f 6d65 7472 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 eometry... 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If.you fo\n+0002c920: 7267 6574 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 rget a command, \n+0002c930: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 you can run the \n+0002c940: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 656c 70e2 command ...help.\n+0002c950: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6865 6c70 3a3a .. 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2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 Remove a\n+0002ce60: 2070 7562 6b65 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 7275 pubkey from tru\n+0002ce70: 7374 6564 206b 6579 730a 2a20 6472 6976 sted keys.* driv\n+0002ce80: 656d 6170 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 emap:: \n+0002ce90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d61 7020 6120 Map a \n+0002cea0: 6472 6976 6520 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 drive to another\n+0002ceb0: 0a2a 2065 6368 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* echo:: \n+0002cec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002ced0: 2044 6973 706c 6179 2061 206c 696e 6520 Display a line \n+0002cee0: 6f66 2074 6578 740a 2a20 6566 6974 6578 of text.* efitex\n+0002cef0: 746d 6f64 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tmode:: \n+0002cf00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 742f 4765 7420 Set/Get \n+0002cf10: 7465 7874 206f 7574 7075 7420 6d6f 6465 text output mode\n+0002cf20: 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e0a 2a20 6576 resolution.* ev\n+0002cf30: 616c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 al:: \n+0002cf40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4576 616c Eval\n+0002cf50: 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7461 7475 733a ule.* keystatus:\n-0002d210: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d220: 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 6b65 7920 6d6f Check key mo\n-0002d230: 6469 6669 6572 2073 7461 7475 730a 2a20 difier status.* \n-0002d240: 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 list_env:: \n-0002d250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 Li\n-0002d260: 7374 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2069 6e20 st variables in \n-0002d270: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n-0002d280: 6b0a 2a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 k.* list_trusted\n-0002d290: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002d2a0: 2020 4c69 7374 2074 7275 7374 6564 2070 List trusted p\n-0002d2b0: 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 0a2a 206c 6f61 ublic keys.* loa\n-0002d2c0: 645f 656e 763a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 d_env:: \n-0002d2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 Load \n-0002d2e0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2065 variables from e\n-0002d2f0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment 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em image.* ls:: \n 0002d380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d390: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6465 7669 List devi\n-0002d3a0: 6365 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 206c ces or files.* l\n-0002d3b0: 7366 6f6e 7473 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 sfonts:: \n-0002d3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 Lis\n-0002d3d0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 6f6e 7473 0a2a t loaded fonts.*\n-0002d3e0: 206c 736d 6f64 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 lsmod:: \n-0002d3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 S\n-0002d400: 686f 7720 6c6f 6164 6564 206d 6f64 756c how loaded modul\n-0002d410: 6573 0a2a 206d 6435 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 es.* md5sum:: \n+0002d390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6465 List de\n+0002d3a0: 7669 6365 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6573 0a2a vices or files.*\n+0002d3b0: 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 lsfonts:: \n+0002d3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n+0002d3d0: 6973 7420 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 6f6e 7473 ist loaded fonts\n+0002d3e0: 0a2a 206c 736d 6f64 3a3a 2020 2020 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2020 2020 2020 2020 5377 Sw\n-0002d4f0: 6974 6368 2074 6f20 6e61 7469 7665 2064 itch to native d\n-0002d500: 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6572 730a 2a20 6e6f isk drivers.* no\n-0002d510: 726d 616c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rmal:: \n-0002d520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 7465 Ente\n-0002d530: 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 650a 2a20 r normal mode.* \n-0002d540: 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 743a 3a20 2020 normal_exit:: \n-0002d550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4578 Ex\n-0002d560: 6974 2066 726f 6d20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d it from normal m\n-0002d570: 6f64 650a 2a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a3a ode.* parttool::\n-0002d580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d590: 2020 2020 4d6f 6469 6679 2070 6172 7469 Modify parti\n-0002d5a0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 tion table entri\n-0002d5b0: 6573 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a 3a20 es.* password:: \n-0002d5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d5d0: 2020 2053 6574 2061 2063 6c65 6172 2d74 Set a clear-t\n-0002d5e0: 6578 7420 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a2a 2070 ext password.* p\n-0002d5f0: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a assword_pbkdf2::\n-0002d600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 Set\n-0002d610: 2061 2068 6173 6865 6420 7061 7373 776f a hashed passwo\n-0002d620: 7264 0a2a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a rd.* plainmount:\n-0002d630: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d640: 2020 204f 7065 6e20 6465 7669 6365 2065 Open device e\n-0002d650: 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2069 6e20 706c 6169 ncrypted in plai\n-0002d660: 6e20 6d6f 6465 0a2a 2070 6c61 793a 3a20 n mode.* play:: \n-0002d670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d680: 2020 2020 2020 2050 6c61 7920 6120 7475 Play a tu\n-0002d690: 6e65 0a2a 2070 726f 6265 3a3a 2020 2020 ne.* probe:: \n+0002d430: 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 Compute or \n+0002d440: 6368 6563 6b20 4d44 3520 6861 7368 0a2a check MD5 hash.*\n+0002d450: 206d 6f64 756c 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 module:: \n+0002d460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n+0002d470: 6f61 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 206d oad module for m\n+0002d480: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a ultiboot kernel.\n+0002d490: 2a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 * multiboot:: \n+0002d4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d4b0: 4c6f 6164 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2063 Load multiboot c\n+0002d4c0: 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a ompliant kernel.\n+0002d4d0: 2a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 3a3a 2020 * nativedisk:: \n+0002d4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d4f0: 5377 6974 6368 2074 6f20 6e61 7469 7665 Switch to native\n+0002d500: 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6572 730a 2a20 disk drivers.* \n+0002d510: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 normal:: \n+0002d520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e En\n+0002d530: 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 650a ter normal mode.\n+0002d540: 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 743a 3a20 * normal_exit:: \n+0002d550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d560: 4578 6974 2066 726f 6d20 6e6f 726d 616c Exit from normal\n+0002d570: 206d 6f64 650a 2a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c mode.* parttool\n+0002d580: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002d590: 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 6469 6679 2070 6172 Modify par\n+0002d5a0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 tition table ent\n+0002d5b0: 7269 6573 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a ries.* password:\n+0002d5c0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d5d0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 2063 6c65 6172 Set a clear\n+0002d5e0: 2d74 6578 7420 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a2a -text password.*\n+0002d5f0: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 password_pbkdf2\n+0002d600: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 :: S\n+0002d610: 6574 2061 2068 6173 6865 6420 7061 7373 et a hashed pass\n+0002d620: 776f 7264 0a2a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e word.* plainmoun\n+0002d630: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n+0002d640: 2020 2020 204f 7065 6e20 6465 7669 6365 Open device\n+0002d650: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2069 6e20 706c encrypted in pl\n+0002d660: 6169 6e20 6d6f 6465 0a2a 2070 6c61 793a ain mode.* play:\n+0002d670: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6c61 7920 6120 Play a \n+0002d690: 7475 6e65 0a2a 2070 726f 6265 3a3a 2020 tune.* probe:: \n 0002d6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d6b0: 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 6465 7669 Retrieve devi\n-0002d6c0: 6365 2069 6e66 6f0a 2a20 7264 6d73 723a ce info.* rdmsr:\n-0002d6d0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d6e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6164 2076 616c Read val\n-0002d6f0: 7565 7320 6672 6f6d 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 ues from model-s\n-0002d700: 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 pecific register\n-0002d710: 730a 2a20 7265 6164 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 s.* read:: \n+0002d6b0: 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 6465 Retrieve de\n+0002d6c0: 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f0a 2a20 7264 6d73 vice info.* rdms\n+0002d6d0: 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r:: \n+0002d6e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6164 2076 Read v\n+0002d6f0: 616c 7565 7320 6672 6f6d 206d 6f64 656c alues from model\n+0002d700: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 -specific regist\n+0002d710: 6572 730a 2a20 7265 6164 3a3a 2020 2020 ers.* read:: \n 0002d720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d730: 2020 5265 6164 2075 7365 7220 696e 7075 Read user inpu\n-0002d740: 740a 2a20 7265 626f 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 t.* reboot:: \n+0002d730: 2020 2020 5265 6164 2075 7365 7220 696e Read user in\n+0002d740: 7075 740a 2a20 7265 626f 6f74 3a3a 2020 put.* reboot:: \n 0002d750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d760: 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 7220 636f Reboot your co\n-0002d770: 6d70 7574 6572 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 703a mputer.* regexp:\n-0002d780: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d790: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 6966 2072 Test if r\n-0002d7a0: 6567 756c 6172 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f egular expressio\n-0002d7b0: 6e20 6d61 7463 6865 7320 7374 7269 6e67 n matches string\n-0002d7c0: 0a2a 2072 6d6d 6f64 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 .* rmmod:: \n+0002d760: 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 7220 Reboot your \n+0002d770: 636f 6d70 7574 6572 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 computer.* regex\n+0002d780: 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p:: \n+0002d790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 6966 Test if\n+0002d7a0: 2072 6567 756c 6172 2065 7870 7265 7373 regular express\n+0002d7b0: 696f 6e20 6d61 7463 6865 7320 7374 7269 ion matches stri\n+0002d7c0: 6e67 0a2a 2072 6d6d 6f64 3a3a 2020 2020 ng.* rmmod:: \n 0002d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d7e0: 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 Remove a module\n-0002d7f0: 0a2a 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a20 2020 .* save_env:: \n+0002d7e0: 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6d6f 6475 Remove a modu\n+0002d7f0: 6c65 0a2a 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a20 le.* save_env:: \n 0002d800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d810: 2053 6176 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 Save variables \n-0002d820: 746f 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 to environment b\n-0002d830: 6c6f 636b 0a2a 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a20 lock.* search:: \n-0002d840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d850: 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 6465 7669 Search devi\n-0002d860: 6365 7320 6279 2066 696c 652c 206c 6162 ces by file, lab\n-0002d870: 656c 2c20 6f72 2055 5549 440a 2a20 7365 el, or UUID.* se\n-0002d880: 6e64 6b65 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ndkey:: \n-0002d890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456d 756c Emul\n-0002d8a0: 6174 6520 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 0a2a ate keystrokes.*\n-0002d8b0: 2073 6574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set:: \n-0002d8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 S\n-0002d8d0: 6574 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e et an environmen\n-0002d8e0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a2a 2073 6861 t variable.* sha\n-0002d8f0: 3173 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 1sum:: \n-0002d900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 Compu\n-0002d910: 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 5348 4131 te or check SHA1\n-0002d920: 2068 6173 680a 2a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 hash.* sha256su\n-0002d930: 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m:: \n-0002d940: 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 Compute or\n-0002d950: 2063 6865 636b 2053 4841 3235 3620 6861 check SHA256 ha\n-0002d960: 7368 0a2a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 3a3a sh.* sha512sum::\n-0002d970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d980: 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 Compute or ch\n-0002d990: 6563 6b20 5348 4135 3132 2068 6173 680a eck SHA512 hash.\n-0002d9a0: 2a20 736c 6565 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * sleep:: \n+0002d810: 2020 2053 6176 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 Save variable\n+0002d820: 7320 746f 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 s to environment\n+0002d830: 2062 6c6f 636b 0a2a 2073 6561 7263 683a block.* search:\n+0002d840: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d850: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 6465 Search de\n+0002d860: 7669 6365 7320 6279 2066 696c 652c 206c vices by file, l\n+0002d870: 6162 656c 2c20 6f72 2055 5549 440a 2a20 abel, or UUID.* \n+0002d880: 7365 6e64 6b65 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 sendkey:: \n+0002d890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456d Em\n+0002d8a0: 756c 6174 6520 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 ulate keystrokes\n+0002d8b0: 0a2a 2073 6574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* set:: \n+0002d8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d8d0: 2053 6574 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Set an environm\n+0002d8e0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a2a 2073 ent variable.* s\n+0002d8f0: 6861 3173 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ha1sum:: \n+0002d900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d Com\n+0002d910: 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 5348 pute or check SH\n+0002d920: 4131 2068 6173 680a 2a20 7368 6132 3536 A1 hash.* sha256\n+0002d930: 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sum:: \n+0002d940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 Compute \n+0002d950: 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2053 4841 3235 3620 or check SHA256 \n+0002d960: 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d hash.* sha512sum\n+0002d970: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002d980: 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 Compute or \n+0002d990: 6368 6563 6b20 5348 4135 3132 2068 6173 check SHA512 has\n+0002d9a0: 680a 2a20 736c 6565 703a 3a20 2020 2020 h.* sleep:: \n 0002d9b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d9c0: 5761 6974 2066 6f72 2061 2073 7065 6369 Wait for a speci\n-0002d9d0: 6669 6564 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2073 fied number of s\n-0002d9e0: 6563 6f6e 6473 0a2a 2073 6d62 696f 733a econds.* smbios:\n-0002d9f0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002da00: 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 Retrieve \n-0002da10: 534d 4249 4f53 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 SMBIOS informati\n-0002da20: 6f6e 0a2a 2073 6f75 7263 653a 3a20 2020 on.* source:: \n+0002d9c0: 2020 5761 6974 2066 6f72 2061 2073 7065 Wait for a spe\n+0002d9d0: 6369 6669 6564 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 cified number of\n+0002d9e0: 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 0a2a 2073 6d62 696f seconds.* smbio\n+0002d9f0: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s:: \n+0002da00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 Retriev\n+0002da10: 6520 534d 4249 4f53 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 e SMBIOS informa\n+0002da20: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2073 6f75 7263 653a 3a20 tion.* source:: \n 0002da30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002da40: 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 Read a config\n-0002da50: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 uration file in \n-0002da60: 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a2a 2074 same context.* t\n-0002da70: 6573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 est:: \n-0002da80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6865 Che\n-0002da90: 636b 2066 696c 6520 7479 7065 7320 616e ck file types an\n-0002daa0: 6420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7661 6c75 6573 d compare values\n-0002dab0: 0a2a 2074 7275 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* true:: \n+0002da40: 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 636f 6e66 Read a conf\n+0002da50: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 iguration file i\n+0002da60: 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a2a n same context.*\n+0002da70: 2074 6573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 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2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 Add \n+0002db10: 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2074 6f20 6c69 public key to li\n+0002db20: 7374 206f 6620 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 st of trusted ke\n+0002db30: 7973 0a2a 2075 6e73 6574 3a3a 2020 2020 ys.* unset:: \n 0002db40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002db50: 2055 6e73 6574 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f Unset an enviro\n-0002db60: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a2a nment variable.*\n-0002db70: 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 verify_detached\n-0002db80: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 :: V\n-0002db90: 6572 6966 7920 6465 7461 6368 6564 2064 erify detached d\n-0002dba0: 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 igital signature\n-0002dbb0: 0a2a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 3a3a 2020 .* videoinfo:: \n+0002db50: 2020 2055 6e73 6574 2061 6e20 656e 7669 Unset an envi\n+0002db60: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+0002db70: 0a2a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 .* verify_detach\n+0002db80: 6564 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed:: \n+0002db90: 2056 6572 6966 7920 6465 7461 6368 6564 Verify detached\n+0002dba0: 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 digital signatu\n+0002dbb0: 7265 0a2a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 3a3a re.* videoinfo::\n 0002dbc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002dbd0: 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 List available \n-0002dbe0: 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 730a 2a20 7772 video modes.* wr\n-0002dbf0: 6d73 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 msr:: \n-0002dc00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5772 6974 Writ\n-0002dc10: 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2074 6f20 6d6f 6465 e values to mode\n-0002dc20: 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 l-specific regis\n-0002dc30: 7465 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ters....File: gr\n-0002dc40: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002dc50: 5b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 [, Next: acpi, \n-0002dc60: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0002dc70: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-0002dc80: 2e31 205b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 .1 [.--------.. \n-0002dc90: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 5b20 6578 -- Command: [ ex\n-0002dca0: 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 205d 0a20 2020 2020 pression ]. \n-0002dcb0: 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9874 6573 Alias for ...tes\n-0002dcc0: 7420 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e e280 9920 t EXPRESSION... \n-0002dcd0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6573 743a 3a29 2e0a (*note test::)..\n-0002dce0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002dcf0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2061 6370 692c fo, Node: acpi,\n-0002dd00: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 Next: authenti\n-0002dd10: 6361 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 205b 2c20 cate, Prev: [, \n-0002dd20: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0002dd30: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-0002dd40: 2e32 2061 6370 690a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .2 acpi.--------\n-0002dd50: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002dd60: 3a20 6163 7069 205b 2d31 7c2d 325d 205b : acpi [-1|-2] [\n-0002dd70: 2d2d 6578 636c 7564 653d 7461 626c 6531 --exclude=table1\n-0002dd80: 2c2e 2e2e 7c2d 2d6c 6f61 642d 6f6e 6c79 ,...|--load-only\n-0002dd90: 3d74 6162 6c65 312c 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 =table1,...]. \n-0002dda0: 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d69 643d [--oemid=\n-0002ddb0: 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 653d id] [--oemtable=\n-0002ddc0: 7461 626c 655d 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 table] [--oemtab\n-0002ddd0: 6c65 7265 763d 7265 765d 0a20 2020 2020 lerev=rev]. \n-0002dde0: 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 [--oemtable\n-0002ddf0: 6372 6561 746f 723d 6372 6561 746f 725d creator=creator]\n-0002de00: 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 6561 [--oemtablecrea\n-0002de10: 746f 7272 6576 3d72 6576 5d0a 2020 2020 torrev=rev]. \n-0002de20: 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6562 6461 [--no-ebda\n-0002de30: 5d20 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 202e 2e2e 0a20 ] filename .... \n-0002de40: 2020 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 2042 494f 5320 Modern BIOS \n-0002de50: 7379 7374 656d 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 systems normally\n-0002de60: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 2041 implement the A\n-0002de70: 6476 616e 6365 6420 436f 6e66 6967 7572 dvanced Configur\n-0002de80: 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2050 ation. and P\n-0002de90: 6f77 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2028 ower Interface (\n-0002dea0: 4143 5049 292c 2061 6e64 2064 6566 696e ACPI), and defin\n-0002deb0: 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7461 626c 6573 e various tables\n-0002dec0: 2074 6861 7420 6465 7363 7269 6265 0a20 that describe. \n-0002ded0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 the interfac\n-0002dee0: 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 616e 2041 4350 e between an ACP\n-0002def0: 492d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 6f70 6572 I-compliant oper\n-0002df00: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 ating system and\n-0002df10: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 726d 7761 the. firmwa\n-0002df20: 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 re. In some cas\n-0002df30: 6573 2c20 7468 6520 7461 626c 6573 2070 es, the tables p\n-0002df40: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 rovided by defau\n-0002df50: 6c74 206f 6e6c 7920 776f 726b 0a20 2020 lt only work. \n-0002df60: 2020 7765 6c6c 2077 6974 6820 6365 7274 well with cert\n-0002df70: 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 ain operating sy\n-0002df80: 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 6d61 stems, and it ma\n-0002df90: 7920 6265 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 2074 y be necessary t\n-0002dfa0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2073 o. replace s\n-0002dfb0: 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 ome of them... \n-0002dfc0: 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2074 6869 Normally, thi\n-0002dfd0: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2072 s command will r\n-0002dfe0: 6570 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2052 6f6f 7420 eplace the Root \n-0002dff0: 5379 7374 656d 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 System Descripti\n-0002e000: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 506f 696e 7465 7220 on. Pointer \n-0002e010: 2852 5344 5029 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4578 (RSDP) in the Ex\n-0002e020: 7465 6e64 6564 2042 494f 5320 4461 7461 tended BIOS Data\n-0002e030: 2041 7265 6120 746f 2070 6f69 6e74 2074 Area to point t\n-0002e040: 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 770a 2020 2020 2074 o the new. t\n-0002e050: 6162 6c65 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 ables. If the .\n-0002e060: 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 6264 61e2 8099 206f ..--no-ebda... o\n-0002e070: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 ption is used, t\n-0002e080: 6865 206e 6577 2074 6162 6c65 7320 7769 he new tables wi\n-0002e090: 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 206b 6e6f 776e ll be. known\n-0002e0a0: 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2047 5255 422c 2062 only to GRUB, b\n-0002e0b0: 7574 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2062 ut may be used b\n-0002e0c0: 7920 4752 5542 2773 2045 4649 2065 6d75 y GRUB's EFI emu\n-0002e0d0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f lation... No\n-0002e0e0: 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 te: The command \n-0002e0f0: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 is not allowed w\n-0002e100: 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 hen lockdown is \n-0002e110: 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a enforced (*note.\n-0002e120: 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 Lockdown::)\n-0002e130: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2061 6e20 . Otherwise an \n-0002e140: 6174 7461 636b 6572 2063 616e 2069 6e73 attacker can ins\n-0002e150: 7472 7563 7420 7468 6520 4752 5542 2074 truct the GRUB t\n-0002e160: 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 616e 2053 o load. an S\n-0002e170: 5344 5420 7461 626c 6520 746f 206f 7665 SDT table to ove\n-0002e180: 7277 7269 7465 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 rwrite the kerne\n-0002e190: 6c20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2063 6f6e 6669 l lockdown confi\n-0002e1a0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 guration and. \n-0002e1b0: 2020 6c61 7465 7220 6c6f 6164 2061 6e64 later load and\n-0002e1c0: 2065 7865 6375 7465 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 execute unsigne\n-0002e1d0: 6420 636f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a d code.....File:\n-0002e1e0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002e1f0: 653a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c e: authenticate,\n-0002e200: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 Next: backgrou\n-0002e210: 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 763a nd_color, Prev:\n-0002e220: 2061 6370 692c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d acpi, Up: Comm\n-0002e230: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0002e240: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3320 6175 7468 656e s..17.4.3 authen\n-0002e250: 7469 6361 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ticate.---------\n-0002e260: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002e270: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 Command: authent\n-0002e280: 6963 6174 6520 5b75 7365 726c 6973 745d icate [userlist]\n-0002e290: 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 . Check whet\n-0002e2a0: 6865 7220 7573 6572 2069 7320 696e 2055 her user is in U\n-0002e2b0: 5345 524c 4953 5420 6f72 206c 6973 7465 SERLIST or liste\n-0002e2c0: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f d in the value o\n-0002e2d0: 660a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 f. variable \n-0002e2e0: e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 ...superusers...\n-0002e2f0: 2e20 2053 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 2073 7570 . See *note sup\n-0002e300: 6572 7573 6572 733a 3a20 666f 7220 7661 erusers:: for va\n-0002e310: 6c69 6420 7573 6572 206c 6973 740a 2020 lid user list. \n-0002e320: 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4966 20e2 format. If .\n-0002e330: 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 9920 ..superusers... \n-0002e340: 6973 2065 6d70 7479 2c20 7468 6973 2063 is empty, this c\n-0002e350: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2074 ommand returns t\n-0002e360: 7275 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 rue.. *Note \n-0002e370: 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Security::.....F\n-0002e380: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002e390: 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e Node: backgroun\n-0002e3a0: 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 d_color, Next: \n-0002e3b0: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 background_image\n-0002e3c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 , Prev: authent\n-0002e3d0: 6963 6174 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d icate, Up: Comm\n-0002e3e0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0002e3f0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3420 6261 636b 6772 s..17.4.4 backgr\n-0002e400: 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ound_color.-----\n+0002dbd0: 2020 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c List availabl\n+0002dbe0: 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 730a 2a20 e video modes.* \n+0002dbf0: 7772 6d73 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 wrmsr:: \n+0002dc00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5772 Wr\n+0002dc10: 6974 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2074 6f20 6d6f ite values to mo\n+0002dc20: 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 del-specific reg\n+0002dc30: 6973 7465 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 isters....File: \n+0002dc40: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002dc50: 3a20 5b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6163 7069 : [, Next: acpi\n+0002dc60: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0002dc70: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+0002dc80: 2e34 2e31 205b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .4.1 [.--------.\n+0002dc90: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 5b20 . -- Command: [ \n+0002dca0: 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 205d 0a20 2020 expression ]. \n+0002dcb0: 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9874 Alias for ...t\n+0002dcc0: 6573 7420 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e e280 est EXPRESSION..\n+0002dcd0: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6573 743a 3a29 . (*note test::)\n+0002dce0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002dcf0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2061 6370 info, Node: acp\n+0002dd00: 692c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6175 7468 656e i, Next: authen\n+0002dd10: 7469 6361 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 205b ticate, Prev: [\n+0002dd20: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0002dd30: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+0002dd40: 2e34 2e32 2061 6370 690a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .4.2 acpi.------\n+0002dd50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0002dd60: 6e64 3a20 6163 7069 205b 2d31 7c2d 325d nd: acpi [-1|-2]\n+0002dd70: 205b 2d2d 6578 636c 7564 653d 7461 626c [--exclude=tabl\n+0002dd80: 6531 2c2e 2e2e 7c2d 2d6c 6f61 642d 6f6e e1,...|--load-on\n+0002dd90: 6c79 3d74 6162 6c65 312c 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 ly=table1,...]. \n+0002dda0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d69 [--oemi\n+0002ddb0: 643d 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 626c d=id] [--oemtabl\n+0002ddc0: 653d 7461 626c 655d 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 e=table] [--oemt\n+0002ddd0: 6162 6c65 7265 763d 7265 765d 0a20 2020 ablerev=rev]. \n+0002dde0: 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 [--oemtab\n+0002ddf0: 6c65 6372 6561 746f 723d 6372 6561 746f lecreator=creato\n+0002de00: 725d 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 r] [--oemtablecr\n+0002de10: 6561 746f 7272 6576 3d72 6576 5d0a 2020 eatorrev=rev]. \n+0002de20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6562 [--no-eb\n+0002de30: 6461 5d20 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 202e 2e2e da] filename ...\n+0002de40: 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 2042 494f . Modern BIO\n+0002de50: 5320 7379 7374 656d 7320 6e6f 726d 616c S systems normal\n+0002de60: 6c79 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 ly implement the\n+0002de70: 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 436f 6e66 6967 Advanced Config\n+0002de80: 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 uration. and\n+0002de90: 2050 6f77 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 Power Interface\n+0002dea0: 2028 4143 5049 292c 2061 6e64 2064 6566 (ACPI), and def\n+0002deb0: 696e 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7461 626c ine various tabl\n+0002dec0: 6573 2074 6861 7420 6465 7363 7269 6265 es that describe\n+0002ded0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 696e 7465 7266 . the interf\n+0002dee0: 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 616e 2041 ace between an A\n+0002def0: 4350 492d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 6f70 CPI-compliant op\n+0002df00: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 erating system a\n+0002df10: 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 726d nd the. firm\n+0002df20: 7761 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 ware. In some c\n+0002df30: 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 7461 626c 6573 ases, the tables\n+0002df40: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2064 6566 provided by def\n+0002df50: 6175 6c74 206f 6e6c 7920 776f 726b 0a20 ault only work. \n+0002df60: 2020 2020 7765 6c6c 2077 6974 6820 6365 well with ce\n+0002df70: 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 rtain operating \n+0002df80: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 systems, and it \n+0002df90: 6d61 7920 6265 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 may be necessary\n+0002dfa0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6570 6c61 6365 to. replace\n+0002dfb0: 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a some of them...\n+0002dfc0: 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2074 Normally, t\n+0002dfd0: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c his command will\n+0002dfe0: 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2052 6f6f replace the Roo\n+0002dff0: 7420 5379 7374 656d 2044 6573 6372 6970 t System Descrip\n+0002e000: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 506f 696e 7465 tion. Pointe\n+0002e010: 7220 2852 5344 5029 2069 6e20 7468 6520 r (RSDP) in the \n+0002e020: 4578 7465 6e64 6564 2042 494f 5320 4461 Extended BIOS Da\n+0002e030: 7461 2041 7265 6120 746f 2070 6f69 6e74 ta Area to point\n+0002e040: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 770a 2020 2020 to the new. \n+0002e050: 2074 6162 6c65 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 tables. If the\n+0002e060: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 6264 61e2 8099 ...--no-ebda...\n+0002e070: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c option is used,\n+0002e080: 2074 6865 206e 6577 2074 6162 6c65 7320 the new tables \n+0002e090: 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 206b 6e6f will be. kno\n+0002e0a0: 776e 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2047 5255 422c wn only to GRUB,\n+0002e0b0: 2062 7574 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 but may be used\n+0002e0c0: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2773 2045 4649 2065 by GRUB's EFI e\n+0002e0d0: 6d75 6c61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 mulation... \n+0002e0e0: 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e Note: The comman\n+0002e0f0: 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 d is not allowed\n+0002e100: 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 when lockdown i\n+0002e110: 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 s enforced (*not\n+0002e120: 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a e. Lockdown:\n+0002e130: 3a29 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2061 :). Otherwise a\n+0002e140: 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 2063 616e 2069 n attacker can i\n+0002e150: 6e73 7472 7563 7420 7468 6520 4752 5542 nstruct the GRUB\n+0002e160: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 616e to load. an\n+0002e170: 2053 5344 5420 7461 626c 6520 746f 206f SSDT table to o\n+0002e180: 7665 7277 7269 7465 2074 6865 206b 6572 verwrite the ker\n+0002e190: 6e65 6c20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2063 6f6e nel lockdown con\n+0002e1a0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 0a20 figuration and. \n+0002e1b0: 2020 2020 6c61 7465 7220 6c6f 6164 2061 later load a\n+0002e1c0: 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 2075 6e73 6967 nd execute unsig\n+0002e1d0: 6e65 6420 636f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ned code.....Fil\n+0002e1e0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002e1f0: 6f64 653a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 ode: authenticat\n+0002e200: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 636b 6772 e, Next: backgr\n+0002e210: 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 ound_color, Pre\n+0002e220: 763a 2061 6370 692c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: acpi, Up: Co\n+0002e230: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0002e240: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3320 6175 7468 nds..17.4.3 auth\n+0002e250: 656e 7469 6361 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d enticate.-------\n+0002e260: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002e270: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2061 7574 6865 - Command: authe\n+0002e280: 6e74 6963 6174 6520 5b75 7365 726c 6973 nticate [userlis\n+0002e290: 745d 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 7768 t]. Check wh\n+0002e2a0: 6574 6865 7220 7573 6572 2069 7320 696e ether user is in\n+0002e2b0: 2055 5345 524c 4953 5420 6f72 206c 6973 USERLIST or lis\n+0002e2c0: 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 ted in the value\n+0002e2d0: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c of. variabl\n+0002e2e0: 6520 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 e ...superusers.\n+0002e2f0: 8099 2e20 2053 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 2073 ... See *note s\n+0002e300: 7570 6572 7573 6572 733a 3a20 666f 7220 uperusers:: for \n+0002e310: 7661 6c69 6420 7573 6572 206c 6973 740a valid user list.\n+0002e320: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4966 format. If\n+0002e330: 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 ...superusers..\n+0002e340: 9920 6973 2065 6d70 7479 2c20 7468 6973 . is empty, this\n+0002e350: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 command returns\n+0002e360: 2074 7275 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2a4e 6f74 true.. *Not\n+0002e370: 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f e Security::....\n+0002e380: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002e390: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f , Node: backgro\n+0002e3a0: 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 4e65 7874 und_color, Next\n+0002e3b0: 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 : background_ima\n+0002e3c0: 6765 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2061 7574 6865 ge, Prev: authe\n+0002e3d0: 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f nticate, Up: Co\n+0002e3e0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0002e3f0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3420 6261 636b nds..17.4.4 back\n+0002e400: 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 0a2d 2d2d ground_color.---\n 0002e410: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002e420: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002e430: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f background_colo\n-0002e440: 7220 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2053 6574 r color. Set\n-0002e450: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f background colo\n-0002e460: 7220 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 r for active ter\n-0002e470: 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 466f 7220 7661 6c69 minal. For vali\n-0002e480: 6420 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2073 7065 d color. spe\n-0002e490: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 7365 6520 cifications see \n-0002e4a0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6c6f 7273 3a20 5468 *note Colors: Th\n-0002e4b0: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e eme file format.\n-0002e4c0: 2020 4261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 Background. \n-0002e4d0: 2020 636f 6c6f 7220 6361 6e20 6265 2063 color can be c\n-0002e4e0: 6861 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e hanged only when\n-0002e4f0: 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 using ...gfxter\n-0002e500: 6de2 8099 2066 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 m... for termina\n-0002e510: 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 l output... \n-0002e520: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 6574 This command set\n-0002e530: 7320 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 2065 6d70 7479 s color of empty\n-0002e540: 2061 7265 6173 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 areas without t\n-0002e550: 6578 742e 2020 5465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 ext. Text. \n-0002e560: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 background color\n-0002e570: 2069 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 is controlled b\n-0002e580: 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 y environment va\n-0002e590: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 2020 2020 2043 4f4c riables. COL\n-0002e5a0: 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c 2043 4f4c 4f52 OR_NORMAL, COLOR\n-0002e5b0: 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 2c20 4d45 4e55 _HIGHLIGHT, MENU\n-0002e5c0: 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c 0a20 _COLOR_NORMAL,. \n-0002e5d0: 2020 2020 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f48 MENU_COLOR_H\n-0002e5e0: 4947 484c 4947 4854 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 IGHLIGHT. *Note\n-0002e5f0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-0002e600: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 3a3a ment variables::\n-0002e610: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002e620: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 info, Node: bac\n-0002e630: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 kground_image, \n-0002e640: 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 2050 Next: badram, P\n-0002e650: 7265 763a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f rev: background_\n-0002e660: 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d color, Up: Comm\n-0002e670: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0002e680: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3520 6261 636b 6772 s..17.4.5 backgr\n-0002e690: 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ound_image.-----\n+0002e420: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002e430: 643a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f d: background_co\n+0002e440: 6c6f 7220 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2053 lor color. S\n+0002e450: 6574 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f et background co\n+0002e460: 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 lor for active t\n+0002e470: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 466f 7220 7661 erminal. For va\n+0002e480: 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2073 lid color. s\n+0002e490: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 7365 pecifications se\n+0002e4a0: 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6c6f 7273 3a20 e *note Colors: \n+0002e4b0: 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 Theme file forma\n+0002e4c0: 742e 2020 4261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 0a20 t. Background. \n+0002e4d0: 2020 2020 636f 6c6f 7220 6361 6e20 6265 color can be\n+0002e4e0: 2063 6861 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 changed only wh\n+0002e4f0: 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 7874 en using ...gfxt\n+0002e500: 6572 6de2 8099 2066 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 erm... for termi\n+0002e510: 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 nal output... \n+0002e520: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 This command s\n+0002e530: 6574 7320 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 2065 6d70 ets color of emp\n+0002e540: 7479 2061 7265 6173 2077 6974 686f 7574 ty areas without\n+0002e550: 2074 6578 742e 2020 5465 7874 0a20 2020 text. Text. \n+0002e560: 2020 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c background col\n+0002e570: 6f72 2069 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 or is controlled\n+0002e580: 2062 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 by environment \n+0002e590: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 2020 2020 2043 variables. C\n+0002e5a0: 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c 2043 4f4c OLOR_NORMAL, COL\n+0002e5b0: 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 2c20 4d45 OR_HIGHLIGHT, ME\n+0002e5c0: 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c NU_COLOR_NORMAL,\n+0002e5d0: 0a20 2020 2020 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 . MENU_COLOR\n+0002e5e0: 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 2e20 202a 4e6f _HIGHLIGHT. *No\n+0002e5f0: 7465 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 te Special envir\n+0002e600: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+0002e610: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n+0002e620: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 b.info, Node: b\n+0002e630: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c ackground_image,\n+0002e640: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 Next: badram, \n+0002e650: 2050 7265 763a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e Prev: backgroun\n+0002e660: 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f d_color, Up: Co\n+0002e670: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0002e680: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3520 6261 636b nds..17.4.5 back\n+0002e690: 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 0a2d 2d2d ground_image.---\n 0002e6a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002e6b0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002e6c0: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 background_imag\n-0002e6d0: 6520 5b5b 2d2d 6d6f 6465 2073 7472 6574 e [[--mode stret\n-0002e6e0: 6368 7c6e 6f72 6d61 6c5d 2066 696c 655d ch|normal] file]\n-0002e6f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2062 6163 6b67 . Load backg\n-0002e700: 726f 756e 6420 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 round image for \n-0002e710: 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 active terminal \n-0002e720: 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 496d 6167 from FILE. Imag\n-0002e730: 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7265 7463 e is. stretc\n-0002e740: 6865 6420 746f 2066 696c 6c20 7570 2065 hed to fill up e\n-0002e750: 6e74 6972 6520 7363 7265 656e 2075 6e6c ntire screen unl\n-0002e760: 6573 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d ess option ...--\n-0002e770: 6d6f 6465 e280 9920 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 mode... ...norma\n-0002e780: 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2067 6976 l.... is giv\n-0002e790: 656e 2e20 2057 6974 686f 7574 2061 7267 en. Without arg\n-0002e7a0: 756d 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 6520 6375 uments remove cu\n-0002e7b0: 7272 656e 746c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 rrently loaded b\n-0002e7c0: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 640a 2020 2020 2069 ackground. i\n-0002e7d0: 6d61 6765 2e20 2042 6163 6b67 726f 756e mage. Backgroun\n-0002e7e0: 6420 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2063 d image can be c\n-0002e7f0: 6861 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e hanged only when\n-0002e800: 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 using ...gfxter\n-0002e810: 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 7465 m.... for te\n-0002e820: 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a rminal output...\n-0002e830: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002e840: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 6472 616d o, Node: badram\n-0002e850: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 , Next: blockli\n-0002e860: 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6163 6b67 st, Prev: backg\n-0002e870: 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 5570 round_image, Up\n-0002e880: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002e890: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3620 ommands..17.4.6 \n-0002e8a0: 6261 6472 616d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d badram.---------\n-0002e8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002e8c0: 643a 2062 6164 7261 6d20 6164 6472 2c6d d: badram addr,m\n-0002e8d0: 6173 6b5b 2c61 6464 722c 6d61 736b 2e2e ask[,addr,mask..\n-0002e8e0: 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4669 6c74 6572 206f .]. Filter o\n-0002e8f0: 7574 2062 6164 2052 414d 2e0a 0a20 2020 ut bad RAM... \n-0002e900: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e This command n\n-0002e910: 6f74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f otifies the memo\n-0002e920: 7279 206d 616e 6167 6572 2074 6861 7420 ry manager that \n-0002e930: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e specified region\n-0002e940: 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 s of. RAM ou\n-0002e950: 6768 7420 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 ght to be filter\n-0002e960: 6564 206f 7574 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 792c ed out (usually,\n-0002e970: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 7927 7265 because they're\n-0002e980: 2064 616d 6167 6564 292e 0a20 2020 2020 damaged).. \n-0002e990: 5468 6973 2072 656d 6169 6e73 2069 6e20 This remains in \n-0002e9a0: 6566 6665 6374 2061 6674 6572 2061 2070 effect after a p\n-0002e9b0: 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 ayload kernel ha\n-0002e9c0: 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 s been loaded by\n-0002e9d0: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2c20 6173 206c . GRUB, as l\n-0002e9e0: 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 ong as the loade\n-0002e9f0: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6274 6169 6e73 d kernel obtains\n-0002ea00: 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 its memory map \n-0002ea10: 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2e20 from. GRUB. \n-0002ea20: 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 7375 Kernels that su\n-0002ea30: 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6973 2069 6e63 6c75 pport this inclu\n-0002ea40: 6465 204c 696e 7578 2c20 474e 5520 4d61 de Linux, GNU Ma\n-0002ea50: 6368 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206b 6572 ch, the. ker\n-0002ea60: 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 2061 nel of FreeBSD a\n-0002ea70: 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 nd Multiboot ker\n-0002ea80: 6e65 6c73 2069 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c2e nels in general.\n-0002ea90: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 796e 7461 7820 6973 .. Syntax is\n-0002eaa0: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2070 726f the same as pro\n-0002eab0: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 204d 656d vided by the Mem\n-0002eac0: 7465 7374 3836 2b20 7574 696c 6974 790a test86+ utility.\n-0002ead0: 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 (http://www\n-0002eae0: 2e6d 656d 7465 7374 2e6f 7267 2f29 3a20 .memtest.org/): \n-0002eaf0: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6164 6472 6573 a list of addres\n-0002eb00: 732f 6d61 736b 2070 6169 7273 2e20 2047 s/mask pairs. G\n-0002eb10: 6976 656e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 6765 iven a. page\n-0002eb20: 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 -aligned address\n-0002eb30: 2061 6e64 2061 2062 6173 6520 6164 6472 and a base addr\n-0002eb40: 6573 7320 2f20 6d61 736b 2070 6169 722c ess / mask pair,\n-0002eb50: 2069 6620 616c 6c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 if all the. \n-0002eb60: 2062 6974 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6167 bits of the pag\n-0002eb70: 652d 616c 6967 6e65 6420 6164 6472 6573 e-aligned addres\n-0002eb80: 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 2065 6e61 626c s that are enabl\n-0002eb90: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6d61 736b 206d ed by the mask m\n-0002eba0: 6174 6368 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 atch. with t\n-0002ebb0: 6865 2062 6173 6520 6164 6472 6573 732c he base address,\n-0002ebc0: 2069 7420 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6973 2070 it means this p\n-0002ebd0: 6167 6520 6973 2074 6f20 6265 2066 696c age is to be fil\n-0002ebe0: 7465 7265 642e 2020 5468 6973 0a20 2020 tered. This. \n-0002ebf0: 2020 7379 6e74 6178 206d 616b 6573 2069 syntax makes i\n-0002ec00: 7420 6561 7379 2074 6f20 7265 7072 6573 t easy to repres\n-0002ec10: 656e 7420 7061 7474 6572 6e73 2074 6861 ent patterns tha\n-0002ec20: 7420 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 7265 7375 t are often resu\n-0002ec30: 6c74 206f 660a 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 lt of. memor\n-0002ec40: 7920 6461 6d61 6765 2c20 6475 6520 746f y damage, due to\n-0002ec50: 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6469 7374 7269 physical distri\n-0002ec60: 6275 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6d65 6d6f 7279 bution of memory\n-0002ec70: 2063 656c 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 cells... Th\n-0002ec80: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2073 696d e command is sim\n-0002ec90: 696c 6172 2074 6f20 e280 9863 7574 6d65 ilar to ...cutme\n-0002eca0: 6de2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 m... command... \n-0002ecb0: 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f Note: The co\n-0002ecc0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c mmand is not all\n-0002ecd0: 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f owed when lockdo\n-0002ece0: 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 wn is enforced (\n-0002ecf0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 *note. Lockd\n-0002ed00: 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7072 own::). This pr\n-0002ed10: 6576 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 events removing \n-0002ed20: 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f EFI memory regio\n-0002ed30: 6e73 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2070 6f74 656e ns to. poten\n-0002ed40: 7469 616c 6c79 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 tially subvert t\n-0002ed50: 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 6d65 6368 he security mech\n-0002ed60: 616e 6973 6d73 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 anisms provided \n-0002ed70: 6279 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a 2020 2020 by the UEFI. \n-0002ed80: 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f secure boot....\n-0002ed90: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002eda0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 , Node: blockli\n-0002edb0: 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6f6f 742c st, Next: boot,\n-0002edc0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 Prev: badram, \n-0002edd0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0002ede0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-0002edf0: 2e37 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 0a2d 2d2d .7 blocklist.---\n-0002ee00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0002ee10: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 626c 6f63 -- Command: bloc\n-0002ee20: 6b6c 6973 7420 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 klist file. \n-0002ee30: 5072 696e 7420 6120 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 Print a block li\n-0002ee40: 7374 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 6b20 st (*note Block \n-0002ee50: 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2066 list syntax::) f\n-0002ee60: 6f72 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 or FILE.....File\n-0002ee70: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002ee80: 6465 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: boot, Next:\n-0002ee90: 2063 6174 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6c6f cat, Prev: blo\n-0002eea0: 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d cklist, Up: Com\n-0002eeb0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0002eec0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e38 2062 6f6f 740a ds..17.4.8 boot.\n-0002eed0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0002eee0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 626f 6f74 0a20 Command: boot. \n-0002eef0: 2020 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 204f 5320 Boot the OS \n-0002ef00: 6f72 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 7220 or chain-loader \n-0002ef10: 7768 6963 6820 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c which has been l\n-0002ef20: 6f61 6465 642e 2020 4f6e 6c79 206e 6563 oaded. Only nec\n-0002ef30: 6573 7361 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2072 essary. if r\n-0002ef40: 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c79 unning the fully\n-0002ef50: 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 2063 6f6d interactive com\n-0002ef60: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 2869 7420 6973 mand-line (it is\n-0002ef70: 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 7420 6174 0a20 2020 implicit at. \n-0002ef80: 2020 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2061 206d the end of a m\n-0002ef90: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7929 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 enu entry).....F\n-0002efa0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002efb0: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6174 2c20 204e 6578 Node: cat, Nex\n-0002efc0: 743a 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: clear, Prev:\n-0002efd0: 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d boot, Up: Comm\n-0002efe0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0002eff0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3920 6361 740a 2d2d s..17.4.9 cat.--\n-0002f000: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002f010: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6174 205b 2d2d 646f mmand: cat [--do\n-0002f020: 735d 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2044 6973 s] file. Dis\n-0002f030: 706c 6179 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 play the content\n-0002f040: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 4649 s of the file FI\n-0002f050: 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e LE. This comman\n-0002f060: 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c0a d may be useful.\n-0002f070: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7265 6d69 6e64 2079 to remind y\n-0002f080: 6f75 206f 6620 796f 7572 204f 5327 7320 ou of your OS's \n-0002f090: 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 3a0a root partition:.\n-0002f0a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n-0002f0b0: 2063 6174 202f 6574 632f 6673 7461 620a cat /etc/fstab.\n-0002f0c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 . If the ...\n-0002f0d0: 2d2d 646f 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 --dos... option \n-0002f0e0: 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 6e20 6361 is used, then ca\n-0002f0f0: 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 6e20 2f20 rriage return / \n-0002f100: 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 7061 new line. pa\n-0002f110: 6972 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6469 7370 irs will be disp\n-0002f120: 6c61 7965 6420 6173 2061 2073 696d 706c layed as a simpl\n-0002f130: 6520 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 204f 7468 e new line. Oth\n-0002f140: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 erwise, the. \n-0002f150: 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 7475 726e carriage return\n-0002f160: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 will be display\n-0002f170: 6564 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 ed as a control \n-0002f180: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 28e2 8098 3c64 character (......) to. ma\n-0002f1a0: 6b65 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 ke it easier to \n-0002f1b0: 7365 6520 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 see when boot pr\n-0002f1c0: 6f62 6c65 6d73 2061 7265 2063 6175 7365 oblems are cause\n-0002f1d0: 6420 6279 2061 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 d by a file. \n-0002f1e0: 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2075 7369 6e67 formatted using\n-0002f1f0: 2044 4f53 2d73 7479 6c65 206c 696e 6520 DOS-style line \n-0002f200: 656e 6469 6e67 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e endings... N\n-0002f210: 6f74 653a 20e2 8098 6361 74e2 8099 2063 ote: ...cat... c\n-0002f220: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7669 an be used to vi\n-0002f230: 6577 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 ew the contents \n-0002f240: 6f66 2064 6576 6963 6573 2075 7369 6e67 of devices using\n-0002f250: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 the. block \n-0002f260: 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f list syntax (*no\n-0002f270: 7465 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 te Block list sy\n-0002f280: 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 486f 7765 7665 ntax::). Howeve\n-0002f290: 722c 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 r, it is not. \n-0002f2a0: 2020 6164 7669 7365 6420 746f 2076 6965 advised to vie\n-0002f2b0: 7720 6269 6e61 7279 2064 6174 6120 6265 w binary data be\n-0002f2c0: 6361 7573 6520 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7472 cause it will tr\n-0002f2d0: 7920 746f 2064 6563 6f64 6520 5554 462d y to decode UTF-\n-0002f2e0: 380a 2020 2020 2073 7472 696e 6773 2c20 8. strings, \n-0002f2f0: 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6c65 6164 2074 which can lead t\n-0002f300: 6f20 736f 6d65 2062 7974 6573 206d 6973 o some bytes mis\n-0002f310: 7369 6e67 206f 7220 6164 6465 6420 696e sing or added in\n-0002f320: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f75 7470 7574 the. output\n-0002f330: 2e20 2049 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 7573 6520 . Instead, use \n-0002f340: 7468 6520 e280 9868 6578 6475 6d70 e280 the ...hexdump..\n-0002f350: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 . command (*note\n-0002f360: 2068 6578 6475 6d70 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a hexdump::).....\n-0002f370: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002f380: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 Node: clear, \n-0002f390: 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c Next: cmosclean,\n-0002f3a0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6361 742c 2020 5570 Prev: cat, Up\n-0002f3b0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002f3c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3130 ommands..17.4.10\n-0002f3d0: 2063 6c65 6172 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d clear.---------\n-0002f3e0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002f3f0: 643a 2063 6c65 6172 0a20 2020 2020 436c d: clear. Cl\n-0002f400: 6561 7220 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a ear the screen..\n-0002f410: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002f420: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7363 fo, Node: cmosc\n-0002f430: 6c65 616e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d6f lean, Next: cmo\n-0002f440: 7364 756d 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636c sdump, Prev: cl\n-0002f450: 6561 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ear, Up: Comman\n-0002f460: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-0002f470: 0a31 372e 342e 3131 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 .17.4.11 cmoscle\n-0002f480: 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d an.-------------\n-0002f490: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002f4a0: 643a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2062 7974 d: cmosclean byt\n-0002f4b0: 653a 6269 740a 2020 2020 2043 6c65 6172 e:bit. Clear\n-0002f4c0: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 7420 696e value of bit in\n-0002f4d0: 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 6174 696f CMOS at locatio\n-0002f4e0: 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 2054 6869 n BYTE:BIT. Thi\n-0002f4f0: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 s command is. \n-0002f500: 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 available only\n-0002f510: 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 on platforms th\n-0002f520: 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e at support CMOS.\n-0002f530: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002f540: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 nfo, Node: cmos\n-0002f550: 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d6f dump, Next: cmo\n-0002f560: 7374 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d stest, Prev: cm\n-0002f570: 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f osclean, Up: Co\n-0002f580: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0002f590: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3132 2063 6d6f nds..17.4.12 cmo\n-0002f5a0: 7364 756d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sdump.----------\n-0002f5b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 4475 6d70 ------.. -- Dump\n-0002f5c0: 3a20 434d 4f53 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 730a : CMOS contents.\n-0002f5d0: 2020 2020 2044 756d 7020 6675 6c6c 2043 Dump full C\n-0002f5e0: 4d4f 5320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2061 7320 MOS contents as \n-0002f5f0: 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 7661 6c75 hexadecimal valu\n-0002f600: 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e es. This comman\n-0002f610: 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 d is. availa\n-0002f620: 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 ble only on plat\n-0002f630: 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f forms that suppo\n-0002f640: 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rt CMOS.....File\n-0002f650: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002f660: 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 204e de: cmostest, N\n-0002f670: 6578 743a 2063 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 763a ext: cmp, Prev:\n-0002f680: 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 5570 3a20 cmosdump, Up: \n-0002f690: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0002f6a0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3133 2063 mands..17.4.13 c\n-0002f6b0: 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mostest.--------\n-0002f6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002f6d0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 7420 mmand: cmostest \n-0002f6e0: 6279 7465 3a62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 5465 byte:bit. Te\n-0002f6f0: 7374 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 7420 st value of bit \n-0002f700: 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 6174 in CMOS at locat\n-0002f710: 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 2045 ion BYTE:BIT. E\n-0002f720: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 730a 2020 xit status is. \n-0002f730: 2020 207a 6572 6f20 6966 2062 6974 2069 zero if bit i\n-0002f740: 7320 7365 742c 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 6f20 s set, non zero \n-0002f750: 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652e 2020 5468 6973 otherwise. This\n-0002f760: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6176 6169 command is avai\n-0002f770: 6c61 626c 650a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 lable. only \n-0002f780: 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 on platforms tha\n-0002f790: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a t support CMOS..\n-0002f7a0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002f7b0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 2c20 fo, Node: cmp, \n-0002f7c0: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c Next: configfil\n-0002f7d0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 e, Prev: cmoste\n-0002f7e0: 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 st, Up: Command\n-0002f7f0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0002f800: 3137 2e34 2e31 3420 636d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 17.4.14 cmp.----\n-0002f810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0002f820: 6d61 6e64 3a20 636d 7020 5b2d 765d 2066 mand: cmp [-v] f\n-0002f830: 696c 6531 2066 696c 6532 0a20 2020 2020 ile1 file2. \n-0002f840: 436f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 Compare the file\n-0002f850: 2046 494c 4531 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 FILE1 with the \n-0002f860: 6669 6c65 2046 494c 4532 2e20 2049 6620 file FILE2. If \n-0002f870: 7468 6579 2061 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 they are complet\n-0002f880: 656c 790a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6963 ely. identic\n-0002f890: 616c 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2077 696c al, ...$?... wil\n-0002f8a0: 6c20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 302e 2020 l be set to 0. \n-0002f8b0: 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2069 6620 7468 Otherwise, if th\n-0002f8c0: 6520 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 740a e files are not.\n-0002f8d0: 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 identical, \n-0002f8e0: e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ...$?... will be\n-0002f8f0: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e7a 6572 set to a nonzer\n-0002f900: 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 o value... B\n-0002f910: 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6e6f 7468 696e y default nothin\n-0002f920: 6720 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6f75 7470 7574 g will be output\n-0002f930: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 76e2 . If the ...-v.\n-0002f940: 8099 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7665 7262 .. is used, verb\n-0002f950: 6f73 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 6973 ose. mode is\n-0002f960: 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 enabled. In th\n-0002f970: 6973 206d 6f64 6520 7768 656e 2077 6865 is mode when whe\n-0002f980: 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 6469 6666 n the files diff\n-0002f990: 6572 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2c0a 2020 2020 er in size,. \n-0002f9a0: 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2073 697a 6573 print the sizes\n-0002f9b0: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 like this:.. \n-0002f9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2044 6966 6665 7220 696e Differ in\n-0002f9d0: 2073 697a 653a 2030 7831 3233 3420 5b66 size: 0x1234 [f\n-0002f9e0: 6f6f 5d2c 2030 7834 3332 3120 5b62 6172 oo], 0x4321 [bar\n-0002f9f0: 5d0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2073 ].. If the s\n-0002fa00: 697a 6573 2061 7265 2065 7175 616c 2062 izes are equal b\n-0002fa10: 7574 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 2061 7420 ut the bytes at \n-0002fa20: 616e 206f 6666 7365 7420 6469 6666 6572 an offset differ\n-0002fa30: 2c20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e , then. prin\n-0002fa40: 7420 7468 6520 6279 7465 7320 6c69 6b65 t the bytes like\n-0002fa50: 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 this:.. \n-0002fa60: 2020 4469 6666 6572 2061 7420 7468 6520 Differ at the \n-0002fa70: 6f66 6673 6574 2037 3737 3a20 3078 6265 offset 777: 0xbe\n-0002fa80: 205b 666f 6f5d 2c20 3078 6566 205b 6261 [foo], 0xef [ba\n-0002fa90: 725d 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 r]....File: grub\n-0002faa0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f .info, Node: co\n-0002fab0: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a nfigfile, Next:\n-0002fac0: 2063 7075 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 cpuid, Prev: c\n-0002fad0: 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 mp, Up: Command\n-0002fae0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0002faf0: 3137 2e34 2e31 3520 636f 6e66 6967 6669 17.4.15 configfi\n-0002fb00: 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d le.-------------\n-0002fb10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002fb20: 6e64 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2066 nd: configfile f\n-0002fb30: 696c 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4649 ile. Load FI\n-0002fb40: 4c45 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 LE as a configur\n-0002fb50: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 2049 6620 ation file. If \n-0002fb60: 4649 4c45 2064 6566 696e 6573 2061 6e79 FILE defines any\n-0002fb70: 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 menu. entri\n-0002fb80: 6573 2c20 7468 656e 2073 686f 7720 6120 es, then show a \n-0002fb90: 6d65 6e75 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 menu containing \n-0002fba0: 7468 656d 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 them immediately\n-0002fbb0: 2e20 2041 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 . Any. envi\n-0002fbc0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-0002fbd0: 2063 6861 6e67 6573 206d 6164 6520 6279 changes made by\n-0002fbe0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e the commands in\n-0002fbf0: 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 0a20 FILE will not. \n-0002fc00: 2020 2020 6265 2070 7265 7365 7276 6564 be preserved\n-0002fc10: 2061 6674 6572 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 after ...config\n-0002fc20: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 7265 7475 726e 732e file... returns.\n-0002fc30: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002fc40: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6370 7569 nfo, Node: cpui\n-0002fc50: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6372 632c 2020 d, Next: crc, \n-0002fc60: 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 Prev: configfile\n-0002fc70: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002fc80: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0002fc90: 2e34 2e31 3620 6370 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d .4.16 cpuid.----\n-0002fca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0002fcb0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6370 7569 6420 5b2d ommand: cpuid [-\n-0002fcc0: 6c5d 205b 2d70 5d0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 l] [-p]. Che\n-0002fcd0: 636b 2066 6f72 2043 5055 2066 6561 7475 ck for CPU featu\n-0002fce0: 7265 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 res. This comma\n-0002fcf0: 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c nd is only avail\n-0002fd00: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 360a 2020 2020 able on x86. \n-0002fd10: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 systems... \n-0002fd20: 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 With the ...-l..\n-0002fd30: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7475 726e . option, return\n-0002fd40: 2074 7275 6520 6966 2074 6865 2043 5055 true if the CPU\n-0002fd50: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6c6f 6e67 206d supports long m\n-0002fd60: 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2028 3634 2d62 6974 ode. (64-bit\n-0002fd70: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 )... With th\n-0002fd80: 6520 e280 982d 70e2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-p... optio\n-0002fd90: 6e2c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7472 7565 2069 n, return true i\n-0002fda0: 6620 7468 6520 4350 5520 7375 7070 6f72 f the CPU suppor\n-0002fdb0: 7473 2050 6879 7369 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 ts Physical. \n-0002fdc0: 2041 6464 7265 7373 2045 7874 656e 7369 Address Extensi\n-0002fdd0: 6f6e 2028 5041 4529 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 on (PAE)... \n-0002fde0: 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 686f If invoked witho\n-0002fdf0: 7574 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 6973 ut options, this\n-0002fe00: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 7572 7265 6e74 command current\n-0002fe10: 6c79 2062 6568 6176 6573 2061 7320 6966 ly behaves as if\n-0002fe20: 2069 740a 2020 2020 2068 6164 2062 6565 it. had bee\n-0002fe30: 6e20 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 20e2 n invoked with .\n-0002fe40: 8098 2d6c e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d ..-l.... This m\n-0002fe50: 6179 2063 6861 6e67 6520 696e 2074 6865 ay change in the\n-0002fe60: 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 future.....File\n-0002fe70: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002fe80: 6465 3a20 6372 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 de: crc, Next: \n-0002fe90: 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 cryptomount, Pr\n-0002fea0: 6576 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: cpuid, Up: \n-0002feb0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0002fec0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3137 2063 mands..17.4.17 c\n-0002fed0: 7263 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a rc.-----------..\n-0002fee0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7263 -- Command: crc\n-0002fef0: 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c arg .... Al\n-0002ff00: 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 ias for ...hashs\n-0002ff10: 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6372 6333 3220 um --hash crc32 \n-0002ff20: 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 arg ....... See\n-0002ff30: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 command ...hash\n-0002ff40: 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f sum.... (*no\n-0002ff50: 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f te hashsum::) fo\n-0002ff60: 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 r full descripti\n-0002ff70: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n-0002ff80: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n-0002ff90: 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 ryptomount, Nex\n-0002ffa0: 743a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 t: cutmem, Prev\n-0002ffb0: 3a20 6372 632c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d : crc, Up: Comm\n-0002ffc0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0002ffd0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3138 2063 7279 7074 s..17.4.18 crypt\n-0002ffe0: 6f6d 6f75 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d omount.---------\n-0002fff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00030000: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d Command: cryptom\n-00030010: 6f75 6e74 205b 205b 2d70 2070 6173 7377 ount [ [-p passw\n-00030020: 6f72 645d 207c 205b 2d6b 206b 6579 6669 ord] | [-k keyfi\n-00030030: 6c65 205b 2d4f 206b 6579 6f66 6673 6574 le [-O keyoffset\n-00030040: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 5320 ]. [-S \n-00030050: 6b65 7973 697a 655d 205d 205d 205b 2d48 keysize] ] ] [-H\n-00030060: 2066 696c 655d 2064 6576 6963 657c 2d75 file] device|-u\n-00030070: 2075 7569 647c 2d61 7c2d 620a 2020 2020 uuid|-a|-b. \n-00030080: 2053 6574 7570 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f Setup access to\n-00030090: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 encrypted devic\n-000300a0: 652e 2020 4120 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 e. A passphrase\n-000300b0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2072 6571 7565 7374 will be request\n-000300c0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7261 6374 ed. interact\n-000300d0: 6976 656c 792c 2069 6620 6e65 6974 6865 ively, if neithe\n-000300e0: 7220 7468 6520 e280 982d 70e2 8099 206e r the ...-p... n\n-000300f0: 6f72 20e2 8098 2d6b e280 9920 6f70 7469 or ...-k... opti\n-00030100: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 ons are given. \n-00030110: 5468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e20 The. option \n-00030120: e280 982d 70e2 8099 2063 616e 2062 6520 ...-p... can be \n-00030130: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2061 used to supply a\n-00030140: 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 2875 7365 passphrase (use\n-00030150: 6675 6c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2073 6372 ful for. scr\n-00030160: 6970 7473 292e 2020 416c 7465 726e 6174 ipts). Alternat\n-00030170: 6976 656c 7920 7468 6520 e280 982d 6be2 ively the ...-k.\n-00030180: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 .. option can be\n-00030190: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 706c 7920 used to supply \n-000301a0: 610a 2020 2020 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2077 a. keyfile w\n-000301b0: 6974 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 e280 982d ith options ...-\n-000301c0: 4fe2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d53 e280 O... and ...-S..\n-000301d0: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2073 7570 . optionally sup\n-000301e0: 706c 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 plying the offse\n-000301f0: 740a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2073 697a 652c t. and size,\n-00030200: 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792c 206f respectively, o\n-00030210: 6620 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6461 7461 2069 f the key data i\n-00030220: 6e20 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 7920 n the given key \n-00030230: 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 file. The. \n-00030240: e280 982d 48e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ...-H... options\n-00030250: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n-00030260: 7375 7070 6c79 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 supply cryptomou\n-00030270: 6e74 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 7320 7769 7468 nt backends with\n-00030280: 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 an. alterna\n-00030290: 7469 7665 2068 6561 6465 7220 6669 6c65 tive header file\n-000302a0: 2028 616b 6120 6465 7461 6368 6564 2068 (aka detached h\n-000302b0: 6561 6465 7229 2e20 204e 6f74 2061 6c6c eader). Not all\n-000302c0: 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2068 backends. h\n-000302d0: 6176 6520 6865 6164 6572 7320 6e6f 7220 ave headers nor \n-000302e0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 7465 726e 6174 support alternat\n-000302f0: 6976 6520 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c 6573 ive header files\n-00030300: 2028 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 (currently only\n-00030310: 0a20 2020 2020 4c55 4b53 3120 616e 6420 . LUKS1 and \n-00030320: 4c55 4b53 3220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 LUKS2 support th\n-00030330: 656d 292e 2020 4172 6775 6d65 6e74 2044 em). Argument D\n-00030340: 4556 4943 4520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 EVICE configures\n-00030350: 2073 7065 6369 6669 630a 2020 2020 2067 specific. g\n-00030360: 7275 6220 6465 7669 6365 2028 2a6e 6f74 rub device (*not\n-00030370: 6520 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 e Naming convent\n-00030380: 696f 6e3a 3a29 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 ion::); option .\n-00030390: 8098 2d75 e280 9920 5555 4944 0a20 2020 ..-u... UUID. \n-000303a0: 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2064 6576 configures dev\n-000303b0: 6963 6520 7769 7468 2073 7065 6369 6669 ice with specifi\n-000303c0: 6564 2055 5549 443b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ed UUID; option \n-000303d0: e280 982d 61e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ...-a... configu\n-000303e0: 7265 7320 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6574 res all. det\n-000303f0: 6563 7465 6420 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 ected encrypted \n-00030400: 6465 7669 6365 733b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 devices; option \n-00030410: e280 982d 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ...-b... configu\n-00030420: 7265 7320 616c 6c20 6765 6c69 0a20 2020 res all geli. \n-00030430: 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2074 6861 containers tha\n-00030440: 7420 6861 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 666c 6167 t have boot flag\n-00030450: 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4465 7669 set... Devi\n-00030460: 6365 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f ces are not allo\n-00030470: 7765 6420 746f 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 wed to be given \n-00030480: 6173 206b 6579 2066 696c 6573 206e 6f72 as key files nor\n-00030490: 2061 7320 6465 7461 6368 6564 0a20 2020 as detached. \n-000304a0: 2020 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c 6573 2e20 header files. \n-000304b0: 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6973 206c However, this l\n-000304c0: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 imitation can be\n-000304d0: 2077 6f72 6b65 6420 6172 6f75 6e64 2062 worked around b\n-000304e0: 790a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2062 6c6f y. using blo\n-000304f0: 636b 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 cklist syntax. \n-00030500: 536f 2066 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c So for instance,\n-00030510: 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c67 7074 3229 e280 ...(hd1,gpt2)..\n-00030520: 9920 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 0a20 2020 . can not be. \n-00030530: 2020 7573 6564 2c20 6275 7420 e280 9828 used, but ...(\n-00030540: 6864 312c 6770 7432 2930 2be2 8099 2077 hd1,gpt2)0+... w\n-00030550: 696c 6c20 6163 6869 6576 6520 7468 6520 ill achieve the \n-00030560: 6465 7369 7265 6420 7265 7375 6c74 2e0a desired result..\n-00030570: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2073 7570 6f72 . GRUB supor\n-00030580: 7473 2064 6576 6963 6573 2065 6e63 7279 ts devices encry\n-00030590: 7074 6564 2075 7369 6e67 204c 554b 532c pted using LUKS,\n-000305a0: 204c 554b 5332 2061 6e64 2067 656c 692e LUKS2 and geli.\n-000305b0: 2020 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 Note. that\n-000305c0: 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 206d 6f64 756c necessary modul\n-000305d0: 6573 2028 4c55 4b53 2c20 4c55 4b53 3220 es (LUKS, LUKS2 \n-000305e0: 616e 6420 4745 4c49 2920 6861 7665 2074 and GELI) have t\n-000305f0: 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 640a 2020 2020 o be loaded. \n-00030600: 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 666f 7265 manually before\n-00030610: 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 this command ca\n-00030620: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 642e 2020 466f 7220 n be used. For \n-00030630: 4c55 4b53 3220 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 0a20 LUKS2 only the. \n-00030640: 2020 2020 5042 4b44 4632 206b 6579 2064 PBKDF2 key d\n-00030650: 6572 6976 6174 696f 6e20 6675 6e63 7469 erivation functi\n-00030660: 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642c on is supported,\n-00030670: 2061 7320 4172 676f 6e32 2069 7320 6e6f as Argon2 is no\n-00030680: 7420 7965 740a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f t yet. suppo\n-00030690: 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5375 6363 rted... Succ\n-000306a0: 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2064 6563 7279 7074 essfully decrypt\n-000306b0: 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 206e 616d ed disks are nam\n-000306c0: 6564 2061 7320 2863 7279 7074 6f58 2920 ed as (cryptoX) \n-000306d0: 616e 6420 6861 7665 0a20 2020 2020 696e and have. in\n-000306e0: 6372 6561 7369 6e67 206e 756d 6572 6174 creasing numerat\n-000306f0: 696f 6e20 7375 6666 6978 2066 6f72 2065 ion suffix for e\n-00030700: 6163 6820 6e65 7720 6465 6372 7970 7465 ach new decrypte\n-00030710: 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a d disk. If the.\n-00030720: 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 encrypted d\n-00030730: 6973 6b20 686f 7374 7320 736f 6d65 2068 isk hosts some h\n-00030740: 6967 6865 7220 6c65 7665 6c20 6f66 2061 igher level of a\n-00030750: 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e 2028 6c69 6b65 bstraction (like\n-00030760: 204c 564d 3220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 4d44 LVM2 or. MD\n-00030770: 5241 4944 2920 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 RAID) it will be\n-00030780: 2063 7265 6174 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2061 created under a\n-00030790: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 6465 7669 6365 separate device\n-000307a0: 206e 616d 6573 7061 6365 2069 6e0a 2020 namespace in. \n-000307b0: 2020 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 addition to t\n-000307c0: 6865 2063 7279 7074 6f64 6973 6b20 6e61 he cryptodisk na\n-000307d0: 6d65 7370 6163 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 mespace... S\n-000307e0: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e upport for plain\n-000307f0: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 encryption mode\n-00030800: 2028 706c 6169 6e20 646d 2d63 7279 7074 (plain dm-crypt\n-00030810: 2920 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 7669 ) is provided vi\n-00030820: 610a 2020 2020 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 a. separate \n-00030830: e280 982a 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f ...*note plainmo\n-00030840: 756e 743a 3ae2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 unt::... command\n-00030850: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00030860: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7574 info, Node: cut\n-00030870: 6d65 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6461 7465 mem, Next: date\n-00030880: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d , Prev: cryptom\n-00030890: 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 ount, Up: Comma\n-000308a0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-000308b0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3920 6375 746d 656d ..17.4.19 cutmem\n-000308c0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n-000308d0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6375 . -- Command: cu\n-000308e0: 746d 656d 2066 726f 6d5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d tmem from[K|M|G]\n-000308f0: 2074 6f5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d 0a20 2020 2020 to[K|M|G]. \n-00030900: 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 6e79 206d 656d 6f72 Remove any memor\n-00030910: 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 696e 2073 7065 y regions in spe\n-00030920: 6369 6669 6564 2072 616e 6765 2e0a 0a20 cified range... \n-00030930: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 This command\n-00030940: 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6d65 notifies the me\n-00030950: 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 6572 2074 6861 mory manager tha\n-00030960: 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 6769 t specified regi\n-00030970: 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4d20 ons of. RAM \n-00030980: 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 ought to be filt\n-00030990: 6572 6564 206f 7574 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ered out. This \n-000309a0: 7265 6d61 696e 7320 696e 2065 6666 6563 remains in effec\n-000309b0: 7420 6166 7465 7220 610a 2020 2020 2070 t after a. p\n-000309c0: 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 ayload kernel ha\n-000309d0: 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 s been loaded by\n-000309e0: 2047 5255 422c 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 GRUB, as long a\n-000309f0: 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 0a20 2020 s the loaded. \n-00030a00: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6274 6169 6e73 kernel obtains\n-00030a10: 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 its memory map \n-00030a20: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 204b 6572 6e65 from GRUB. Kerne\n-00030a30: 6c73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 ls that support \n-00030a40: 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 696e 636c 7564 this. includ\n-00030a50: 6520 4c69 6e75 782c 2047 4e55 204d 6163 e Linux, GNU Mac\n-00030a60: 682c 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 h, the kernel of\n-00030a70: 2046 7265 6542 5344 2061 6e64 204d 756c FreeBSD and Mul\n-00030a80: 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e tiboot. kern\n-00030a90: 656c 7320 696e 2067 656e 6572 616c 2e0a els in general..\n-00030aa0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e . The comman\n-00030ab0: 6420 6973 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 d is similar to \n-00030ac0: e280 9862 6164 7261 6de2 8099 2063 6f6d ...badram... com\n-00030ad0: 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 mand... Note\n-00030ae0: 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 : The command is\n-00030af0: 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 not allowed whe\n-00030b00: 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e n lockdown is en\n-00030b10: 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 forced (*note. \n-00030b20: 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 Lockdown::). \n-00030b30: 2054 6869 7320 7072 6576 656e 7473 2072 This prevents r\n-00030b40: 656d 6f76 696e 6720 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f emoving EFI memo\n-00030b50: 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a 2020 ry regions to. \n-00030b60: 2020 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2073 potentially s\n-00030b70: 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2073 6563 7572 ubvert the secur\n-00030b80: 6974 7920 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2070 ity mechanisms p\n-00030b90: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2055 rovided by the U\n-00030ba0: 4546 490a 2020 2020 2073 6563 7572 6520 EFI. secure \n-00030bb0: 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 boot.....File: g\n-00030bc0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00030bd0: 2064 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 date, Next: de\n-00030be0: 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 2050 7265 763a vicetree, Prev:\n-00030bf0: 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f cutmem, Up: Co\n-00030c00: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00030c10: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3230 2064 6174 nds..17.4.20 dat\n-00030c20: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a e.------------..\n-00030c30: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 6174 -- Command: dat\n-00030c40: 6520 5b5b 7965 6172 2d5d 6d6f 6e74 682d e [[year-]month-\n-00030c50: 6461 795d 205b 686f 7572 3a6d 696e 7574 day] [hour:minut\n-00030c60: 655b 3a73 6563 6f6e 645d 5d0a 2020 2020 e[:second]]. \n-00030c70: 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e With no argumen\n-00030c80: 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 6375 ts, print the cu\n-00030c90: 7272 656e 7420 6461 7465 2061 6e64 2074 rrent date and t\n-00030ca0: 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 6572 ime... Other\n-00030cb0: 7769 7365 2c20 7461 6b65 2074 6865 2063 wise, take the c\n-00030cc0: 7572 7265 6e74 2064 6174 6520 616e 6420 urrent date and \n-00030cd0: 7469 6d65 2c20 6368 616e 6765 2061 6e79 time, change any\n-00030ce0: 2065 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2073 elements. s\n-00030cf0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 pecified as argu\n-00030d00: 6d65 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 ments, and set t\n-00030d10: 6865 2072 6573 756c 7420 6173 2074 6865 he result as the\n-00030d20: 206e 6577 2064 6174 6520 616e 640a 2020 new date and. \n-00030d30: 2020 2074 696d 652e 2020 466f 7220 6578 time. For ex\n-00030d40: 616d 706c 652c 2027 6461 7465 2030 312d ample, 'date 01-\n-00030d50: 3031 2720 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 2074 6865 01' will set the\n-00030d60: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206d 6f6e 7468 2061 current month a\n-00030d70: 6e64 2064 6179 0a20 2020 2020 746f 204a nd day. to J\n-00030d80: 616e 7561 7279 2031 2c20 6275 7420 6c65 anuary 1, but le\n-00030d90: 6176 6520 7468 6520 7965 6172 2c20 686f ave the year, ho\n-00030da0: 7572 2c20 6d69 6e75 7465 2c20 616e 6420 ur, minute, and \n-00030db0: 7365 636f 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6368 second. unch\n-00030dc0: 616e 6765 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 anged.....File: \n-00030dd0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00030de0: 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 204e : devicetree, N\n-00030df0: 6578 743a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 ext: distrust, \n-00030e00: 5072 6576 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 2055 703a Prev: date, Up:\n-00030e10: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00030e20: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3120 mmands..17.4.21 \n-00030e30: 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d devicetree.-----\n-00030e40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00030e50: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6465 7669 -- Command: devi\n-00030e60: 6365 7472 6565 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 cetree file. \n-00030e70: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 7669 6365 2074 Load a device t\n-00030e80: 7265 6520 626c 6f62 2028 2e64 7462 2920 ree blob (.dtb) \n-00030e90: 6672 6f6d 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 from a filesyste\n-00030ea0: 6d2c 2066 6f72 206c 6174 6572 2075 7365 m, for later use\n-00030eb0: 2062 790a 2020 2020 2061 204c 696e 7578 by. a Linux\n-00030ec0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 446f 6573 206e kernel. Does n\n-00030ed0: 6f74 2070 6572 666f 726d 206d 6572 6769 ot perform mergi\n-00030ee0: 6e67 2077 6974 6820 616e 7920 6465 7669 ng with any devi\n-00030ef0: 6365 2074 7265 650a 2020 2020 2073 7570 ce tree. sup\n-00030f00: 706c 6965 6420 6279 2066 6972 6d77 6172 plied by firmwar\n-00030f10: 652c 2062 7574 2072 6174 6865 7220 7265 e, but rather re\n-00030f20: 706c 6163 6573 2069 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 places it comple\n-00030f30: 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 tely... Note\n-00030f40: 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 : The command is\n-00030f50: 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 not allowed whe\n-00030f60: 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e n lockdown is en\n-00030f70: 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 forced (*note. \n-00030f80: 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 Lockdown::). \n-00030f90: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 746f This is done to\n-00030fa0: 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 7562 7665 7274 prevent subvert\n-00030fb0: 696e 6720 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7365 6375 ing various secu\n-00030fc0: 7269 7479 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e rity. mechan\n-00030fd0: 6973 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 isms.....File: g\n-00030fe0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00030ff0: 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 4e65 7874 distrust, Next\n-00031000: 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 2050 7265 : drivemap, Pre\n-00031010: 763a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c 2020 v: devicetree, \n-00031020: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00031030: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00031040: 3232 2064 6973 7472 7573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 22 distrust.----\n-00031050: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00031060: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 6973 7472 - Command: distr\n-00031070: 7573 7420 7075 626b 6579 5f69 640a 2020 ust pubkey_id. \n-00031080: 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 7075 626c 6963 Remove public\n-00031090: 206b 6579 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4944 2066 key PUBKEY_ID f\n-000310a0: 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2773 206b 6579 7269 rom GRUB's keyri\n-000310b0: 6e67 206f 6620 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 ng of trusted ke\n-000310c0: 7973 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 5542 4b45 595f ys.. PUBKEY_\n-000310d0: 4944 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2066 ID is the last f\n-000310e0: 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 2865 6967 6874 our bytes (eight\n-000310f0: 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 hexadecimal dig\n-00031100: 6974 7329 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 its) of the. \n-00031110: 2047 5047 2076 3420 6b65 7920 6964 2c20 GPG v4 key id, \n-00031120: 7768 6963 6820 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7468 which is also th\n-00031130: 6520 6f75 7470 7574 206f 6620 e280 986c e output of ...l\n-00031140: 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 64e2 8099 2028 ist_trusted... (\n-00031150: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 206c 6973 745f *note. list_\n-00031160: 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a29 2e20 204f 7574 trusted::). Out\n-00031170: 7369 6465 206f 6620 4752 5542 2c20 7468 side of GRUB, th\n-00031180: 6520 6b65 7920 6964 2063 616e 2062 6520 e key id can be \n-00031190: 6f62 7461 696e 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 obtained using. \n-000311a0: 2020 2020 e280 9867 7067 202d 2d66 696e ...gpg --fin\n-000311b0: 6765 7270 7269 6e74 e280 9929 2e20 2054 gerprint...). T\n-000311c0: 6865 7365 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 7573 hese keys are us\n-000311d0: 6564 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2073 ed to validate s\n-000311e0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2020 2020 2077 ignatures. w\n-000311f0: 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 hen environment \n-00031200: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 variable ...chec\n-00031210: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 k_signatures... \n-00031220: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 is set to ...enf\n-00031230: 6f72 6365 e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e orce.... (*n\n-00031240: 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ote check_signat\n-00031250: 7572 6573 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2062 7920 ures::), and by \n-00031260: 736f 6d65 2069 6e76 6f63 6174 696f 6e73 some invocations\n-00031270: 206f 660a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7665 7269 of. ...veri\n-00031280: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 64e2 8099 2028 fy_detached... (\n-00031290: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 *note verify_det\n-000312a0: 6163 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 ached::). *Note\n-000312b0: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a20 Using digital. \n-000312c0: 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a signatures::\n-000312d0: 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 , for more infor\n-000312e0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mation.....File:\n-000312f0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00031300: 653a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702c 2020 4e65 e: drivemap, Ne\n-00031310: 7874 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 2050 7265 763a xt: echo, Prev:\n-00031320: 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 distrust, Up: \n-00031330: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00031340: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3233 2064 mands..17.4.23 d\n-00031350: 7269 7665 6d61 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rivemap.--------\n-00031360: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00031370: 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 7020 mmand: drivemap \n-00031380: 2d6c 7c2d 727c 5b2d 735d 2066 726f 6d5f -l|-r|[-s] from_\n-00031390: 6472 6976 6520 746f 5f64 7269 7665 0a20 drive to_drive. \n-000313a0: 2020 2020 5769 7468 6f75 7420 6f70 7469 Without opti\n-000313b0: 6f6e 732c 206d 6170 2074 6865 2064 7269 ons, map the dri\n-000313c0: 7665 2046 524f 4d5f 4452 4956 4520 746f ve FROM_DRIVE to\n-000313d0: 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2054 4f5f 4452 the drive TO_DR\n-000313e0: 4956 452e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 IVE.. This i\n-000313f0: 7320 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 7768 656e s necessary when\n-00031400: 2079 6f75 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 you chain-load \n-00031410: 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 some operating s\n-00031420: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7375 6368 0a20 2020 ystems, such. \n-00031430: 2020 6173 2044 4f53 2c20 6966 2073 7563 as DOS, if suc\n-00031440: 6820 616e 204f 5320 7265 7369 6465 7320 h an OS resides \n-00031450: 6174 2061 206e 6f6e 2d66 6972 7374 2064 at a non-first d\n-00031460: 7269 7665 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 rive. For. \n-00031470: 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c 2061 6e79 convenience, any\n-00031480: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7566 6669 partition suffi\n-00031490: 7820 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2069 x on the drive i\n-000314a0: 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 642c 2073 6f20 796f s ignored, so yo\n-000314b0: 750a 2020 2020 2063 616e 2073 6166 656c u. can safel\n-000314c0: 7920 7573 6520 247b 726f 6f74 7d20 6173 y use ${root} as\n-000314d0: 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 a drive specifi\n-000314e0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 cation... Wi\n-000314f0: 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 9920 th the ...-s... \n-00031500: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 option, perform \n-00031510: 7468 6520 7265 7665 7273 6520 6d61 7070 the reverse mapp\n-00031520: 696e 6720 6173 2077 656c 6c2c 2073 7761 ing as well, swa\n-00031530: 7070 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 pping. the t\n-00031540: 776f 2064 7269 7665 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 wo drives... \n-00031550: 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 6ce2 With the ...-l.\n-00031560: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206c 6973 7420 .. option, list \n-00031570: 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6d61 7070 the current mapp\n-00031580: 696e 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 ings... With\n-00031590: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d72 e280 9920 6f70 the ...-r... op\n-000315a0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7365 7420 616c 6c20 tion, reset all \n-000315b0: 6d61 7070 696e 6773 2074 6f20 7468 6520 mappings to the \n-000315c0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 6c75 6573 2e0a default values..\n-000315d0: 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c . For exampl\n-000315e0: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 e:.. dr\n-000315f0: 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 2920 ivemap -s (hd0) \n-00031600: 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 4e4f 5445 (hd1).. NOTE\n-00031610: 3a20 4f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 : Only available\n-00031620: 206f 6e20 6933 3836 2d70 632e 0a0a 1f0a on i386-pc.....\n-00031630: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00031640: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 204e Node: echo, N\n-00031650: 6578 743a 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 ext: efitextmode\n-00031660: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 , Prev: drivema\n-00031670: 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d p, Up: Command-\n-00031680: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00031690: 372e 342e 3234 2065 6368 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.24 echo.----\n-000316a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-000316b0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 6368 6f20 5b2d 6e5d mmand: echo [-n]\n-000316c0: 205b 2d65 5d20 7374 7269 6e67 202e 2e2e [-e] string ...\n-000316d0: 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 . Display th\n-000316e0: 6520 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 7465 7874 e requested text\n-000316f0: 2061 6e64 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2074 6865 and, unless the\n-00031700: 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-n... option\n-00031710: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 610a 2020 2020 is used, a. \n-00031720: 2074 7261 696c 696e 6720 6e65 7720 6c69 trailing new li\n-00031730: 6e65 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 ne. If there is\n-00031740: 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2073 more than one s\n-00031750: 7472 696e 672c 2074 6865 7920 6172 650a tring, they are.\n-00031760: 2020 2020 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 separated b\n-00031770: 7920 7370 6163 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 y spaces in the \n-00031780: 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2041 7320 7573 7561 output. As usua\n-00031790: 6c20 696e 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e l in GRUB comman\n-000317a0: 6473 2c0a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c ds,. variabl\n-000317b0: 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 7375 6273 7469 es may be substi\n-000317c0: 7475 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 e280 9824 tuted using ...$\n-000317d0: 7b76 6172 7de2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 {var}...... \n-000317e0: 5468 6520 e280 982d 65e2 8099 206f 7074 The ...-e... opt\n-000317f0: 696f 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 7320 696e 7465 ion enables inte\n-00031800: 7270 7265 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6261 rpretation of ba\n-00031810: 636b 736c 6173 6820 6573 6361 7065 732e ckslash escapes.\n-00031820: 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f The. follo\n-00031830: 7769 6e67 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2061 wing sequences a\n-00031840: 7265 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 643a 0a0a re recognised:..\n-00031850: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c5c e280 990a 2020 ...\\\\.... \n-00031860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6261 636b 736c 6173 backslas\n-00031870: 680a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 61e2 8099 h.. ...\\a...\n-00031880: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6c65 7274 . alert\n-00031890: 2028 4245 4c29 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 (BEL).. ...\n-000318a0: 5c63 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\c.... \n-000318b0: 7375 7070 7265 7373 2074 7261 696c 696e suppress trailin\n-000318c0: 6720 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 g new line.. \n-000318d0: 20e2 8098 5c66 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 ...\\f.... \n-000318e0: 2020 2020 666f 726d 2066 6565 640a 0a20 form feed.. \n-000318f0: 2020 2020 e280 985c 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 ...\\n.... \n-00031900: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6577 206c 696e 650a new line.\n-00031910: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 72e2 8099 0a20 . ...\\r.... \n-00031920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6172 7269 6167 carriag\n-00031930: 6520 7265 7475 726e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 e return.. .\n-00031940: 8098 5c74 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ..\\t.... \n-00031950: 2020 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2074 6162 horizontal tab\n-00031960: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c76 e280 990a .. ...\\v....\n-00031970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 7274 6963 vertic\n-00031980: 616c 2074 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 al tab.. Whe\n-00031990: 6e20 696e 7465 7270 7265 7469 6e67 2062 n interpreting b\n-000319a0: 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2065 7363 6170 6573 ackslash escapes\n-000319b0: 2c20 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 666f 6c6c , backslash foll\n-000319c0: 6f77 6564 2062 7920 616e 790a 2020 2020 owed by any. \n-000319d0: 206f 7468 6572 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 other character\n-000319e0: 2077 696c 6c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6174 will print that\n-000319f0: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 character.....F\n-00031a00: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00031a10: 204e 6f64 653a 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f Node: efitextmo\n-00031a20: 6465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 7661 6c2c de, Next: eval,\n-00031a30: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 2055 Prev: echo, U\n-00031a40: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00031a50: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 commands..17.4.2\n-00031a60: 3520 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 650a 2d2d 5 efitextmode.--\n+0002e6b0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002e6c0: 643a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d d: background_im\n+0002e6d0: 6167 6520 5b5b 2d2d 6d6f 6465 2073 7472 age [[--mode str\n+0002e6e0: 6574 6368 7c6e 6f72 6d61 6c5d 2066 696c etch|normal] fil\n+0002e6f0: 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2062 6163 e]. Load bac\n+0002e700: 6b67 726f 756e 6420 696d 6167 6520 666f kground image fo\n+0002e710: 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 r active termina\n+0002e720: 6c20 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 496d l from FILE. Im\n+0002e730: 6167 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7265 age is. stre\n+0002e740: 7463 6865 6420 746f 2066 696c 6c20 7570 tched to fill up\n+0002e750: 2065 6e74 6972 6520 7363 7265 656e 2075 entire screen u\n+0002e760: 6e6c 6573 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 nless option ...\n+0002e770: 2d2d 6d6f 6465 e280 9920 e280 986e 6f72 --mode... ...nor\n+0002e780: 6d61 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2067 mal.... is g\n+0002e790: 6976 656e 2e20 2057 6974 686f 7574 2061 iven. Without a\n+0002e7a0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 6520 rguments remove \n+0002e7b0: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 currently loaded\n+0002e7c0: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 640a 2020 2020 background. \n+0002e7d0: 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2042 6163 6b67 726f image. Backgro\n+0002e7e0: 756e 6420 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 und image can be\n+0002e7f0: 2063 6861 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 changed only wh\n+0002e800: 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 7874 en using ...gfxt\n+0002e810: 6572 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 erm.... for \n+0002e820: 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 742e terminal output.\n+0002e830: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002e840: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 6472 nfo, Node: badr\n+0002e850: 616d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6c6f 636b am, Next: block\n+0002e860: 6c69 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6163 list, Prev: bac\n+0002e870: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 kground_image, \n+0002e880: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0002e890: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+0002e8a0: 3620 6261 6472 616d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6 badram.-------\n+0002e8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002e8c0: 616e 643a 2062 6164 7261 6d20 6164 6472 and: badram addr\n+0002e8d0: 2c6d 6173 6b5b 2c61 6464 722c 6d61 736b ,mask[,addr,mask\n+0002e8e0: 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4669 6c74 6572 ...]. Filter\n+0002e8f0: 206f 7574 2062 6164 2052 414d 2e0a 0a20 out bad RAM... \n+0002e900: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 This command\n+0002e910: 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6d65 notifies the me\n+0002e920: 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 6572 2074 6861 mory manager tha\n+0002e930: 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 6769 t specified regi\n+0002e940: 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4d20 ons of. RAM \n+0002e950: 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 ought to be filt\n+0002e960: 6572 6564 206f 7574 2028 7573 7561 6c6c ered out (usuall\n+0002e970: 792c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 7927 y, because they'\n+0002e980: 7265 2064 616d 6167 6564 292e 0a20 2020 re damaged).. \n+0002e990: 2020 5468 6973 2072 656d 6169 6e73 2069 This remains i\n+0002e9a0: 6e20 6566 6665 6374 2061 6674 6572 2061 n effect after a\n+0002e9b0: 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 payload kernel \n+0002e9c0: 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 has been loaded \n+0002e9d0: 6279 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2c20 6173 by. GRUB, as\n+0002e9e0: 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 206c 6f61 long as the loa\n+0002e9f0: 6465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6274 6169 ded kernel obtai\n+0002ea00: 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 ns its memory ma\n+0002ea10: 7020 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 p from. GRUB\n+0002ea20: 2e20 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 . Kernels that \n+0002ea30: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6973 2069 6e63 support this inc\n+0002ea40: 6c75 6465 204c 696e 7578 2c20 474e 5520 lude Linux, GNU \n+0002ea50: 4d61 6368 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206b Mach, the. k\n+0002ea60: 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 ernel of FreeBSD\n+0002ea70: 2061 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b and Multiboot k\n+0002ea80: 6572 6e65 6c73 2069 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 ernels in genera\n+0002ea90: 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 796e 7461 7820 l... Syntax \n+0002eaa0: 6973 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2070 is the same as p\n+0002eab0: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 204d rovided by the M\n+0002eac0: 656d 7465 7374 3836 2b20 7574 696c 6974 emtest86+ utilit\n+0002ead0: 790a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 y. (http://w\n+0002eae0: 7777 2e6d 656d 7465 7374 2e6f 7267 2f29 ww.memtest.org/)\n+0002eaf0: 3a20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6164 6472 : a list of addr\n+0002eb00: 6573 732f 6d61 736b 2070 6169 7273 2e20 ess/mask pairs. \n+0002eb10: 2047 6976 656e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 Given a. pa\n+0002eb20: 6765 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 2061 6464 7265 ge-aligned addre\n+0002eb30: 7373 2061 6e64 2061 2062 6173 6520 6164 ss and a base ad\n+0002eb40: 6472 6573 7320 2f20 6d61 736b 2070 6169 dress / mask pai\n+0002eb50: 722c 2069 6620 616c 6c20 7468 650a 2020 r, if all the. \n+0002eb60: 2020 2062 6974 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2070 bits of the p\n+0002eb70: 6167 652d 616c 6967 6e65 6420 6164 6472 age-aligned addr\n+0002eb80: 6573 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 2065 6e61 ess that are ena\n+0002eb90: 626c 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6d61 736b bled by the mask\n+0002eba0: 206d 6174 6368 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 match. with\n+0002ebb0: 2074 6865 2062 6173 6520 6164 6472 6573 the base addres\n+0002ebc0: 732c 2069 7420 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6973 s, it means this\n+0002ebd0: 2070 6167 6520 6973 2074 6f20 6265 2066 page is to be f\n+0002ebe0: 696c 7465 7265 642e 2020 5468 6973 0a20 iltered. This. \n+0002ebf0: 2020 2020 7379 6e74 6178 206d 616b 6573 syntax makes\n+0002ec00: 2069 7420 6561 7379 2074 6f20 7265 7072 it easy to repr\n+0002ec10: 6573 656e 7420 7061 7474 6572 6e73 2074 esent patterns t\n+0002ec20: 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 7265 hat are often re\n+0002ec30: 7375 6c74 206f 660a 2020 2020 206d 656d sult of. mem\n+0002ec40: 6f72 7920 6461 6d61 6765 2c20 6475 6520 ory damage, due \n+0002ec50: 746f 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6469 7374 to physical dist\n+0002ec60: 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6d65 6d6f ribution of memo\n+0002ec70: 7279 2063 656c 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ry cells... \n+0002ec80: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2073 The command is s\n+0002ec90: 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 e280 9863 7574 imilar to ...cut\n+0002eca0: 6d65 6de2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a mem... command..\n+0002ecb0: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 . Note: The \n+0002ecc0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 command is not a\n+0002ecd0: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b llowed when lock\n+0002ece0: 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 down is enforced\n+0002ecf0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 (*note. Loc\n+0002ed00: 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 kdown::). This \n+0002ed10: 7072 6576 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 696e prevents removin\n+0002ed20: 6720 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 g EFI memory reg\n+0002ed30: 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2070 6f74 ions to. pot\n+0002ed40: 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2073 7562 7665 7274 entially subvert\n+0002ed50: 2074 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 6d65 the security me\n+0002ed60: 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2070 726f 7669 6465 chanisms provide\n+0002ed70: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a 2020 d by the UEFI. \n+0002ed80: 2020 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a secure boot..\n+0002ed90: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002eda0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6c6f 636b fo, Node: block\n+0002edb0: 6c69 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6f6f list, Next: boo\n+0002edc0: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6261 6472 616d t, Prev: badram\n+0002edd0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0002ede0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+0002edf0: 2e34 2e37 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 0a2d .4.7 blocklist.-\n+0002ee00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0002ee10: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 626c . -- Command: bl\n+0002ee20: 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 ocklist file. \n+0002ee30: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 626c 6f63 6b20 Print a block \n+0002ee40: 6c69 7374 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 list (*note Bloc\n+0002ee50: 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 k list syntax::)\n+0002ee60: 2066 6f72 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 for FILE.....Fi\n+0002ee70: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002ee80: 4e6f 6465 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 Node: boot, Nex\n+0002ee90: 743a 2063 6174 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 t: cat, Prev: b\n+0002eea0: 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 locklist, Up: C\n+0002eeb0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0002eec0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e38 2062 6f6f ands..17.4.8 boo\n+0002eed0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 t.-----------.. \n+0002eee0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 626f 6f74 -- Command: boot\n+0002eef0: 0a20 2020 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 204f . Boot the O\n+0002ef00: 5320 6f72 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 S or chain-loade\n+0002ef10: 7220 7768 6963 6820 6861 7320 6265 656e r which has been\n+0002ef20: 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 4f6e 6c79 206e loaded. Only n\n+0002ef30: 6563 6573 7361 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6966 ecessary. if\n+0002ef40: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2066 756c running the ful\n+0002ef50: 6c79 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 2063 ly interactive c\n+0002ef60: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 2869 7420 ommand-line (it \n+0002ef70: 6973 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 7420 6174 0a20 is implicit at. \n+0002ef80: 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2061 the end of a\n+0002ef90: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7929 2e0a 0a1f menu entry)....\n+0002efa0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002efb0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6174 2c20 204e , Node: cat, N\n+0002efc0: 6578 743a 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 2050 7265 ext: clear, Pre\n+0002efd0: 763a 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: boot, Up: Co\n+0002efe0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0002eff0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3920 6361 740a nds..17.4.9 cat.\n+0002f000: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002f010: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6174 205b 2d2d Command: cat [--\n+0002f020: 646f 735d 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2044 dos] file. D\n+0002f030: 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 isplay the conte\n+0002f040: 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 nts of the file \n+0002f050: 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d FILE. This comm\n+0002f060: 616e 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 and may be usefu\n+0002f070: 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7265 6d69 6e64 l. to remind\n+0002f080: 2079 6f75 206f 6620 796f 7572 204f 5327 you of your OS'\n+0002f090: 7320 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e s root partition\n+0002f0a0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n+0002f0b0: 623e 2063 6174 202f 6574 632f 6673 7461 b> cat /etc/fsta\n+0002f0c0: 620a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 b.. If the .\n+0002f0d0: 8098 2d2d 646f 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f ..--dos... optio\n+0002f0e0: 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 6e20 n is used, then \n+0002f0f0: 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 6e20 carriage return \n+0002f100: 2f20 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 / new line. \n+0002f110: 7061 6972 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6469 pairs will be di\n+0002f120: 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6173 2061 2073 696d splayed as a sim\n+0002f130: 706c 6520 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 204f ple new line. O\n+0002f140: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 650a 2020 therwise, the. \n+0002f150: 2020 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 7475 carriage retu\n+0002f160: 726e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c rn will be displ\n+0002f170: 6179 6564 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e74 726f ayed as a contro\n+0002f180: 6c20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 28e2 8098 l character (...\n+0002f190: 3c64 3ee2 8099 2920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ...) to. \n+0002f1a0: 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 2074 make it easier t\n+0002f1b0: 6f20 7365 6520 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7420 o see when boot \n+0002f1c0: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2061 7265 2063 6175 problems are cau\n+0002f1d0: 7365 6420 6279 2061 2066 696c 650a 2020 sed by a file. \n+0002f1e0: 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2075 7369 formatted usi\n+0002f1f0: 6e67 2044 4f53 2d73 7479 6c65 206c 696e ng DOS-style lin\n+0002f200: 6520 656e 6469 6e67 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 e endings... \n+0002f210: 204e 6f74 653a 20e2 8098 6361 74e2 8099 Note: ...cat...\n+0002f220: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n+0002f230: 7669 6577 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 view the content\n+0002f240: 7320 6f66 2064 6576 6963 6573 2075 7369 s of devices usi\n+0002f250: 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 ng the. bloc\n+0002f260: 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a k list syntax (*\n+0002f270: 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 note Block list \n+0002f280: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 486f 7765 syntax::). Howe\n+0002f290: 7665 722c 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 ver, it is not. \n+0002f2a0: 2020 2020 6164 7669 7365 6420 746f 2076 advised to v\n+0002f2b0: 6965 7720 6269 6e61 7279 2064 6174 6120 iew binary data \n+0002f2c0: 6265 6361 7573 6520 6974 2077 696c 6c20 because it will \n+0002f2d0: 7472 7920 746f 2064 6563 6f64 6520 5554 try to decode UT\n+0002f2e0: 462d 380a 2020 2020 2073 7472 696e 6773 F-8. strings\n+0002f2f0: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6c65 6164 , which can lead\n+0002f300: 2074 6f20 736f 6d65 2062 7974 6573 206d to some bytes m\n+0002f310: 6973 7369 6e67 206f 7220 6164 6465 6420 issing or added \n+0002f320: 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f75 7470 in the. outp\n+0002f330: 7574 2e20 2049 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 7573 ut. Instead, us\n+0002f340: 6520 7468 6520 e280 9868 6578 6475 6d70 e the ...hexdump\n+0002f350: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ... command (*no\n+0002f360: 7465 2068 6578 6475 6d70 3a3a 292e 0a0a te hexdump::)...\n+0002f370: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002f380: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636c 6561 722c o, Node: clear,\n+0002f390: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 Next: cmosclea\n+0002f3a0: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6361 742c 2020 n, Prev: cat, \n+0002f3b0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0002f3c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+0002f3d0: 3130 2063 6c65 6172 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 10 clear.-------\n+0002f3e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002f3f0: 616e 643a 2063 6c65 6172 0a20 2020 2020 and: clear. \n+0002f400: 436c 6561 7220 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e Clear the screen\n+0002f410: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002f420: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f info, Node: cmo\n+0002f430: 7363 6c65 616e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 sclean, Next: c\n+0002f440: 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 mosdump, Prev: \n+0002f450: 636c 6561 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d clear, Up: Comm\n+0002f460: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002f470: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3131 2063 6d6f 7363 s..17.4.11 cmosc\n+0002f480: 6c65 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lean.-----------\n+0002f490: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002f4a0: 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2062 and: cmosclean b\n+0002f4b0: 7974 653a 6269 740a 2020 2020 2043 6c65 yte:bit. Cle\n+0002f4c0: 6172 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 7420 ar value of bit \n+0002f4d0: 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 6174 in CMOS at locat\n+0002f4e0: 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 2054 ion BYTE:BIT. T\n+0002f4f0: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a20 his command is. \n+0002f500: 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e available on\n+0002f510: 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 ly on platforms \n+0002f520: 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f that support CMO\n+0002f530: 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 S.....File: grub\n+0002f540: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d .info, Node: cm\n+0002f550: 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 osdump, Next: c\n+0002f560: 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 mostest, Prev: \n+0002f570: 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 cmosclean, Up: \n+0002f580: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0002f590: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3132 2063 mands..17.4.12 c\n+0002f5a0: 6d6f 7364 756d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mosdump.--------\n+0002f5b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 4475 --------.. -- Du\n+0002f5c0: 6d70 3a20 434d 4f53 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 mp: CMOS content\n+0002f5d0: 730a 2020 2020 2044 756d 7020 6675 6c6c s. Dump full\n+0002f5e0: 2043 4d4f 5320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2061 CMOS contents a\n+0002f5f0: 7320 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 7661 s hexadecimal va\n+0002f600: 6c75 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d lues. This comm\n+0002f610: 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 and is. avai\n+0002f620: 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c lable only on pl\n+0002f630: 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 atforms that sup\n+0002f640: 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 port CMOS.....Fi\n+0002f650: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002f660: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 Node: cmostest, \n+0002f670: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 Next: cmp, Pre\n+0002f680: 763a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 5570 v: cmosdump, Up\n+0002f690: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0002f6a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3133 ommands..17.4.13\n+0002f6b0: 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cmostest.------\n+0002f6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002f6d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 Command: cmostes\n+0002f6e0: 7420 6279 7465 3a62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 t byte:bit. \n+0002f6f0: 5465 7374 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 Test value of bi\n+0002f700: 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 t in CMOS at loc\n+0002f710: 6174 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 ation BYTE:BIT. \n+0002f720: 2045 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 730a Exit status is.\n+0002f730: 2020 2020 207a 6572 6f20 6966 2062 6974 zero if bit\n+0002f740: 2069 7320 7365 742c 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 is set, non zer\n+0002f750: 6f20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652e 2020 5468 o otherwise. Th\n+0002f760: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6176 is command is av\n+0002f770: 6169 6c61 626c 650a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c ailable. onl\n+0002f780: 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 y on platforms t\n+0002f790: 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 hat support CMOS\n+0002f7a0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002f7b0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 info, Node: cmp\n+0002f7c0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 , Next: configf\n+0002f7d0: 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 ile, Prev: cmos\n+0002f7e0: 7465 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 test, Up: Comma\n+0002f7f0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+0002f800: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3420 636d 700a 2d2d ..17.4.14 cmp.--\n+0002f810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0002f820: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636d 7020 5b2d 765d ommand: cmp [-v]\n+0002f830: 2066 696c 6531 2066 696c 6532 0a20 2020 file1 file2. \n+0002f840: 2020 436f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6520 6669 Compare the fi\n+0002f850: 6c65 2046 494c 4531 2077 6974 6820 7468 le FILE1 with th\n+0002f860: 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c 4532 2e20 2049 e file FILE2. I\n+0002f870: 6620 7468 6579 2061 7265 2063 6f6d 706c f they are compl\n+0002f880: 6574 656c 790a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 etely. ident\n+0002f890: 6963 616c 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2077 ical, ...$?... w\n+0002f8a0: 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 302e ill be set to 0.\n+0002f8b0: 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2069 6620 Otherwise, if \n+0002f8c0: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f the files are no\n+0002f8d0: 740a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c t. identical\n+0002f8e0: 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 , ...$?... will \n+0002f8f0: 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e7a be set to a nonz\n+0002f900: 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 ero value... \n+0002f910: 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6e6f 7468 By default noth\n+0002f920: 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6f75 7470 ing will be outp\n+0002f930: 7574 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d ut. If the ...-\n+0002f940: 76e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7665 v... is used, ve\n+0002f950: 7262 6f73 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 rbose. mode \n+0002f960: 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 is enabled. In \n+0002f970: 7468 6973 206d 6f64 6520 7768 656e 2077 this mode when w\n+0002f980: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 6469 hen the files di\n+0002f990: 6666 6572 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2c0a 2020 ffer in size,. \n+0002f9a0: 2020 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2073 697a print the siz\n+0002f9b0: 6573 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 es like this:.. \n+0002f9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6966 6665 7220 Differ \n+0002f9d0: 696e 2073 697a 653a 2030 7831 3233 3420 in size: 0x1234 \n+0002f9e0: 5b66 6f6f 5d2c 2030 7834 3332 3120 5b62 [foo], 0x4321 [b\n+0002f9f0: 6172 5d0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 ar].. If the\n+0002fa00: 2073 697a 6573 2061 7265 2065 7175 616c sizes are equal\n+0002fa10: 2062 7574 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 2061 but the bytes a\n+0002fa20: 7420 616e 206f 6666 7365 7420 6469 6666 t an offset diff\n+0002fa30: 6572 2c20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7072 er, then. pr\n+0002fa40: 696e 7420 7468 6520 6279 7465 7320 6c69 int the bytes li\n+0002fa50: 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 ke this:.. \n+0002fa60: 2020 2020 4469 6666 6572 2061 7420 7468 Differ at th\n+0002fa70: 6520 6f66 6673 6574 2037 3737 3a20 3078 e offset 777: 0x\n+0002fa80: 6265 205b 666f 6f5d 2c20 3078 6566 205b be [foo], 0xef [\n+0002fa90: 6261 725d 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 bar]....File: gr\n+0002faa0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0002fab0: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 configfile, Nex\n+0002fac0: 743a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: cpuid, Prev:\n+0002fad0: 2063 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 cmp, Up: Comma\n+0002fae0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+0002faf0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3520 636f 6e66 6967 ..17.4.15 config\n+0002fb00: 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d file.-----------\n+0002fb10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002fb20: 6d61 6e64 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 mand: configfile\n+0002fb30: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 file. Load \n+0002fb40: 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e66 6967 FILE as a config\n+0002fb50: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 2049 uration file. I\n+0002fb60: 6620 4649 4c45 2064 6566 696e 6573 2061 f FILE defines a\n+0002fb70: 6e79 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 ny menu. ent\n+0002fb80: 7269 6573 2c20 7468 656e 2073 686f 7720 ries, then show \n+0002fb90: 6120 6d65 6e75 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e a menu containin\n+0002fba0: 6720 7468 656d 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 g them immediate\n+0002fbb0: 6c79 2e20 2041 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 656e ly. Any. en\n+0002fbc0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+0002fbd0: 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 206d 6164 6520 le changes made \n+0002fbe0: 6279 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 by the commands \n+0002fbf0: 696e 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 in FILE will not\n+0002fc00: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2070 7265 7365 7276 . be preserv\n+0002fc10: 6564 2061 6674 6572 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 ed after ...conf\n+0002fc20: 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 7265 7475 726e igfile... return\n+0002fc30: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+0002fc40: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6370 .info, Node: cp\n+0002fc50: 7569 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6372 632c uid, Next: crc,\n+0002fc60: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 Prev: configfi\n+0002fc70: 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 le, Up: Command\n+0002fc80: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0002fc90: 3137 2e34 2e31 3620 6370 7569 640a 2d2d 17.4.16 cpuid.--\n+0002fca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0002fcb0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6370 7569 6420 Command: cpuid \n+0002fcc0: 5b2d 6c5d 205b 2d70 5d0a 2020 2020 2043 [-l] [-p]. C\n+0002fcd0: 6865 636b 2066 6f72 2043 5055 2066 6561 heck for CPU fea\n+0002fce0: 7475 7265 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d tures. This com\n+0002fcf0: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 mand is only ava\n+0002fd00: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 360a 2020 ilable on x86. \n+0002fd10: 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 2020 systems... \n+0002fd20: 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6c With the ...-l\n+0002fd30: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7475 ... option, retu\n+0002fd40: 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 2074 6865 2043 rn true if the C\n+0002fd50: 5055 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6c6f 6e67 PU supports long\n+0002fd60: 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2028 3634 2d62 mode. (64-b\n+0002fd70: 6974 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 it)... With \n+0002fd80: 7468 6520 e280 982d 70e2 8099 206f 7074 the ...-p... opt\n+0002fd90: 696f 6e2c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7472 7565 ion, return true\n+0002fda0: 2069 6620 7468 6520 4350 5520 7375 7070 if the CPU supp\n+0002fdb0: 6f72 7473 2050 6879 7369 6361 6c0a 2020 orts Physical. \n+0002fdc0: 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 2045 7874 656e Address Exten\n+0002fdd0: 7369 6f6e 2028 5041 4529 2e0a 0a20 2020 sion (PAE)... \n+0002fde0: 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 If invoked wit\n+0002fdf0: 686f 7574 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 hout options, th\n+0002fe00: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 7572 7265 is command curre\n+0002fe10: 6e74 6c79 2062 6568 6176 6573 2061 7320 ntly behaves as \n+0002fe20: 6966 2069 740a 2020 2020 2068 6164 2062 if it. had b\n+0002fe30: 6565 6e20 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 een invoked with\n+0002fe40: 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 ...-l.... This\n+0002fe50: 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 6520 696e 2074 may change in t\n+0002fe60: 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 he future.....Fi\n+0002fe70: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002fe80: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 632c 2020 4e65 7874 Node: crc, Next\n+0002fe90: 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 : cryptomount, \n+0002fea0: 5072 6576 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 5570 Prev: cpuid, Up\n+0002feb0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0002fec0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3137 ommands..17.4.17\n+0002fed0: 2063 7263 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d crc.-----------\n+0002fee0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 .. -- Command: c\n+0002fef0: 7263 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 rc arg .... \n+0002ff00: 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 Alias for ...has\n+0002ff10: 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6372 6333 hsum --hash crc3\n+0002ff20: 3220 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 2 arg ....... S\n+0002ff30: 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 ee command ...ha\n+0002ff40: 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a shsum.... (*\n+0002ff50: 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 note hashsum::) \n+0002ff60: 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 for full descrip\n+0002ff70: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n+0002ff80: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002ff90: 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e cryptomount, N\n+0002ffa0: 6578 743a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5072 ext: cutmem, Pr\n+0002ffb0: 6576 3a20 6372 632c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ev: crc, Up: Co\n+0002ffc0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0002ffd0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3138 2063 7279 nds..17.4.18 cry\n+0002ffe0: 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ptomount.-------\n+0002fff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00030000: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7279 7074 - Command: crypt\n+00030010: 6f6d 6f75 6e74 205b 205b 2d70 2070 6173 omount [ [-p pas\n+00030020: 7377 6f72 645d 207c 205b 2d6b 206b 6579 sword] | [-k key\n+00030030: 6669 6c65 205b 2d4f 206b 6579 6f66 6673 file [-O keyoffs\n+00030040: 6574 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d et]. [-\n+00030050: 5320 6b65 7973 697a 655d 205d 205d 205b S keysize] ] ] [\n+00030060: 2d48 2066 696c 655d 2064 6576 6963 657c -H file] device|\n+00030070: 2d75 2075 7569 647c 2d61 7c2d 620a 2020 -u uuid|-a|-b. \n+00030080: 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 6363 6573 7320 Setup access \n+00030090: 746f 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 to encrypted dev\n+000300a0: 6963 652e 2020 4120 7061 7373 7068 7261 ice. A passphra\n+000300b0: 7365 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2072 6571 7565 se will be reque\n+000300c0: 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7261 sted. intera\n+000300d0: 6374 6976 656c 792c 2069 6620 6e65 6974 ctively, if neit\n+000300e0: 6865 7220 7468 6520 e280 982d 70e2 8099 her the ...-p...\n+000300f0: 206e 6f72 20e2 8098 2d6b e280 9920 6f70 nor ...-k... op\n+00030100: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6769 7665 6e2e tions are given.\n+00030110: 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f The. optio\n+00030120: 6e20 e280 982d 70e2 8099 2063 616e 2062 n ...-p... can b\n+00030130: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 e used to supply\n+00030140: 2061 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 2875 a passphrase (u\n+00030150: 7365 6675 6c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2073 seful for. s\n+00030160: 6372 6970 7473 292e 2020 416c 7465 726e cripts). Altern\n+00030170: 6174 6976 656c 7920 7468 6520 e280 982d atively the ...-\n+00030180: 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 k... option can \n+00030190: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 706c be used to suppl\n+000301a0: 7920 610a 2020 2020 206b 6579 6669 6c65 y a. keyfile\n+000301b0: 2077 6974 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 e280 with options ..\n+000301c0: 982d 4fe2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d53 .-O... and ...-S\n+000301d0: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2073 ... optionally s\n+000301e0: 7570 706c 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206f 6666 upplying the off\n+000301f0: 7365 740a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2073 697a set. and siz\n+00030200: 652c 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792c e, respectively,\n+00030210: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6461 7461 of the key data\n+00030220: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 in the given ke\n+00030230: 7920 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 y file. The. \n+00030240: 2020 e280 982d 48e2 8099 206f 7074 696f ...-H... optio\n+00030250: 6e73 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 ns can be used t\n+00030260: 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2063 7279 7074 6f6d o supply cryptom\n+00030270: 6f75 6e74 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 7320 7769 ount backends wi\n+00030280: 7468 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c74 6572 th an. alter\n+00030290: 6e61 7469 7665 2068 6561 6465 7220 6669 native header fi\n+000302a0: 6c65 2028 616b 6120 6465 7461 6368 6564 le (aka detached\n+000302b0: 2068 6561 6465 7229 2e20 204e 6f74 2061 header). Not a\n+000302c0: 6c6c 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 730a 2020 2020 ll backends. \n+000302d0: 2068 6176 6520 6865 6164 6572 7320 6e6f have headers no\n+000302e0: 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 7465 726e r support altern\n+000302f0: 6174 6976 6520 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c ative header fil\n+00030300: 6573 2028 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e es (currently on\n+00030310: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 4c55 4b53 3120 616e ly. LUKS1 an\n+00030320: 6420 4c55 4b53 3220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 d LUKS2 support \n+00030330: 7468 656d 292e 2020 4172 6775 6d65 6e74 them). Argument\n+00030340: 2044 4556 4943 4520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 DEVICE configur\n+00030350: 6573 2073 7065 6369 6669 630a 2020 2020 es specific. \n+00030360: 2067 7275 6220 6465 7669 6365 2028 2a6e grub device (*n\n+00030370: 6f74 6520 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 ote Naming conve\n+00030380: 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e ntion::); option\n+00030390: 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 5555 4944 0a20 ...-u... UUID. \n+000303a0: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2064 configures d\n+000303b0: 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 2073 7065 6369 evice with speci\n+000303c0: 6669 6564 2055 5549 443b 206f 7074 696f fied UUID; optio\n+000303d0: 6e20 e280 982d 61e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 n ...-a... confi\n+000303e0: 6775 7265 7320 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 gures all. d\n+000303f0: 6574 6563 7465 6420 656e 6372 7970 7465 etected encrypte\n+00030400: 6420 6465 7669 6365 733b 206f 7074 696f d devices; optio\n+00030410: 6e20 e280 982d 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 n ...-b... confi\n+00030420: 6775 7265 7320 616c 6c20 6765 6c69 0a20 gures all geli. \n+00030430: 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2074 containers t\n+00030440: 6861 7420 6861 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 666c hat have boot fl\n+00030450: 6167 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4465 ag set... De\n+00030460: 7669 6365 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c vices are not al\n+00030470: 6c6f 7765 6420 746f 2062 6520 6769 7665 lowed to be give\n+00030480: 6e20 6173 206b 6579 2066 696c 6573 206e n as key files n\n+00030490: 6f72 2061 7320 6465 7461 6368 6564 0a20 or as detached. \n+000304a0: 2020 2020 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c 6573 header files\n+000304b0: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6973 . However, this\n+000304c0: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 limitation can \n+000304d0: 6265 2077 6f72 6b65 6420 6172 6f75 6e64 be worked around\n+000304e0: 2062 790a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2062 by. using b\n+000304f0: 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 782e locklist syntax.\n+00030500: 2020 536f 2066 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 So for instanc\n+00030510: 652c 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c67 7074 3229 e, ...(hd1,gpt2)\n+00030520: e280 9920 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 0a20 ... can not be. \n+00030530: 2020 2020 7573 6564 2c20 6275 7420 e280 used, but ..\n+00030540: 9828 6864 312c 6770 7432 2930 2be2 8099 .(hd1,gpt2)0+...\n+00030550: 2077 696c 6c20 6163 6869 6576 6520 7468 will achieve th\n+00030560: 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 7265 7375 6c74 e desired result\n+00030570: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2073 7570 ... GRUB sup\n+00030580: 6f72 7473 2064 6576 6963 6573 2065 6e63 orts devices enc\n+00030590: 7279 7074 6564 2075 7369 6e67 204c 554b rypted using LUK\n+000305a0: 532c 204c 554b 5332 2061 6e64 2067 656c S, LUKS2 and gel\n+000305b0: 692e 2020 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7468 i. Note. th\n+000305c0: 6174 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 206d 6f64 at necessary mod\n+000305d0: 756c 6573 2028 4c55 4b53 2c20 4c55 4b53 ules (LUKS, LUKS\n+000305e0: 3220 616e 6420 4745 4c49 2920 6861 7665 2 and GELI) have\n+000305f0: 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 640a 2020 to be loaded. \n+00030600: 2020 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 666f manually befo\n+00030610: 7265 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 re this command \n+00030620: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 642e 2020 466f can be used. Fo\n+00030630: 7220 4c55 4b53 3220 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 r LUKS2 only the\n+00030640: 0a20 2020 2020 5042 4b44 4632 206b 6579 . PBKDF2 key\n+00030650: 2064 6572 6976 6174 696f 6e20 6675 6e63 derivation func\n+00030660: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 tion is supporte\n+00030670: 642c 2061 7320 4172 676f 6e32 2069 7320 d, as Argon2 is \n+00030680: 6e6f 7420 7965 740a 2020 2020 2073 7570 not yet. sup\n+00030690: 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5375 ported... Su\n+000306a0: 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2064 6563 7279 ccessfully decry\n+000306b0: 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 206e pted disks are n\n+000306c0: 616d 6564 2061 7320 2863 7279 7074 6f58 amed as (cryptoX\n+000306d0: 2920 616e 6420 6861 7665 0a20 2020 2020 ) and have. \n+000306e0: 696e 6372 6561 7369 6e67 206e 756d 6572 increasing numer\n+000306f0: 6174 696f 6e20 7375 6666 6978 2066 6f72 ation suffix for\n+00030700: 2065 6163 6820 6e65 7720 6465 6372 7970 each new decryp\n+00030710: 7465 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 6620 7468 ted disk. If th\n+00030720: 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 e. encrypted\n+00030730: 2064 6973 6b20 686f 7374 7320 736f 6d65 disk hosts some\n+00030740: 2068 6967 6865 7220 6c65 7665 6c20 6f66 higher level of\n+00030750: 2061 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e 2028 6c69 abstraction (li\n+00030760: 6b65 204c 564d 3220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 ke LVM2 or. \n+00030770: 4d44 5241 4944 2920 6974 2077 696c 6c20 MDRAID) it will \n+00030780: 6265 2063 7265 6174 6564 2075 6e64 6572 be created under\n+00030790: 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 6465 7669 a separate devi\n+000307a0: 6365 206e 616d 6573 7061 6365 2069 6e0a ce namespace in.\n+000307b0: 2020 2020 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 746f addition to\n+000307c0: 2074 6865 2063 7279 7074 6f64 6973 6b20 the cryptodisk \n+000307d0: 6e61 6d65 7370 6163 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 namespace... \n+000307e0: 2053 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 Support for pla\n+000307f0: 696e 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 6d6f in encryption mo\n+00030800: 6465 2028 706c 6169 6e20 646d 2d63 7279 de (plain dm-cry\n+00030810: 7074 2920 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 pt) is provided \n+00030820: 7669 610a 2020 2020 2073 6570 6172 6174 via. separat\n+00030830: 6520 e280 982a 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 696e e ...*note plain\n+00030840: 6d6f 756e 743a 3ae2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 mount::... comma\n+00030850: 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 nd.....File: gru\n+00030860: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n+00030870: 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6461 utmem, Next: da\n+00030880: 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7279 7074 te, Prev: crypt\n+00030890: 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d omount, Up: Com\n+000308a0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+000308b0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3920 6375 746d ds..17.4.19 cutm\n+000308c0: 656d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d em.-------------\n+000308d0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+000308e0: 6375 746d 656d 2066 726f 6d5b 4b7c 4d7c cutmem from[K|M|\n+000308f0: 475d 2074 6f5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d 0a20 2020 G] to[K|M|G]. \n+00030900: 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 6e79 206d 656d Remove any mem\n+00030910: 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 696e 2073 ory regions in s\n+00030920: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 616e 6765 2e0a pecified range..\n+00030930: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n+00030940: 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 nd notifies the \n+00030950: 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 6572 2074 memory manager t\n+00030960: 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 hat specified re\n+00030970: 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 5241 gions of. RA\n+00030980: 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 6520 6669 M ought to be fi\n+00030990: 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 2e20 2054 6869 ltered out. Thi\n+000309a0: 7320 7265 6d61 696e 7320 696e 2065 6666 s remains in eff\n+000309b0: 6563 7420 6166 7465 7220 610a 2020 2020 ect after a. \n+000309c0: 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 payload kernel \n+000309d0: 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 has been loaded \n+000309e0: 6279 2047 5255 422c 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 by GRUB, as long\n+000309f0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 0a20 as the loaded. \n+00030a00: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6274 6169 kernel obtai\n+00030a10: 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 ns its memory ma\n+00030a20: 7020 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 204b 6572 p from GRUB. Ker\n+00030a30: 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 nels that suppor\n+00030a40: 7420 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 696e 636c t this. incl\n+00030a50: 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 782c 2047 4e55 204d ude Linux, GNU M\n+00030a60: 6163 682c 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 ach, the kernel \n+00030a70: 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 2061 6e64 204d of FreeBSD and M\n+00030a80: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 ultiboot. ke\n+00030a90: 726e 656c 7320 696e 2067 656e 6572 616c rnels in general\n+00030aa0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d ... The comm\n+00030ab0: 616e 6420 6973 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 and is similar t\n+00030ac0: 6f20 e280 9862 6164 7261 6de2 8099 2063 o ...badram... c\n+00030ad0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f ommand... No\n+00030ae0: 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 te: The command \n+00030af0: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 is not allowed w\n+00030b00: 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 hen lockdown is \n+00030b10: 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a enforced (*note.\n+00030b20: 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 Lockdown::)\n+00030b30: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7072 6576 656e 7473 . This prevents\n+00030b40: 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 4546 4920 6d65 removing EFI me\n+00030b50: 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a mory regions to.\n+00030b60: 2020 2020 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 potentially\n+00030b70: 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2073 6563 subvert the sec\n+00030b80: 7572 6974 7920 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 urity mechanisms\n+00030b90: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 provided by the\n+00030ba0: 2055 4546 490a 2020 2020 2073 6563 7572 UEFI. secur\n+00030bb0: 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a e boot.....File:\n+00030bc0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00030bd0: 653a 2064 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: date, Next: \n+00030be0: 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 2050 7265 devicetree, Pre\n+00030bf0: 763a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 v: cutmem, Up: \n+00030c00: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00030c10: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3230 2064 mands..17.4.20 d\n+00030c20: 6174 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ate.------------\n+00030c30: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 .. -- Command: d\n+00030c40: 6174 6520 5b5b 7965 6172 2d5d 6d6f 6e74 ate [[year-]mont\n+00030c50: 682d 6461 795d 205b 686f 7572 3a6d 696e h-day] [hour:min\n+00030c60: 7574 655b 3a73 6563 6f6e 645d 5d0a 2020 ute[:second]]. \n+00030c70: 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d With no argum\n+00030c80: 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 ents, print the \n+00030c90: 6375 7272 656e 7420 6461 7465 2061 6e64 current date and\n+00030ca0: 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 time... Oth\n+00030cb0: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7461 6b65 2074 6865 erwise, take the\n+00030cc0: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2064 6174 6520 616e current date an\n+00030cd0: 6420 7469 6d65 2c20 6368 616e 6765 2061 d time, change a\n+00030ce0: 6e79 2065 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 ny elements. \n+00030cf0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 6172 specified as ar\n+00030d00: 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 guments, and set\n+00030d10: 2074 6865 2072 6573 756c 7420 6173 2074 the result as t\n+00030d20: 6865 206e 6577 2064 6174 6520 616e 640a he new date and.\n+00030d30: 2020 2020 2074 696d 652e 2020 466f 7220 time. For \n+00030d40: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2027 6461 7465 2030 example, 'date 0\n+00030d50: 312d 3031 2720 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 2074 1-01' will set t\n+00030d60: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206d 6f6e 7468 he current month\n+00030d70: 2061 6e64 2064 6179 0a20 2020 2020 746f and day. to\n+00030d80: 204a 616e 7561 7279 2031 2c20 6275 7420 January 1, but \n+00030d90: 6c65 6176 6520 7468 6520 7965 6172 2c20 leave the year, \n+00030da0: 686f 7572 2c20 6d69 6e75 7465 2c20 616e hour, minute, an\n+00030db0: 6420 7365 636f 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 756e d second. un\n+00030dc0: 6368 616e 6765 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 changed.....File\n+00030dd0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00030de0: 6465 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 de: devicetree, \n+00030df0: 204e 6578 743a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c Next: distrust,\n+00030e00: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 2055 Prev: date, U\n+00030e10: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00030e20: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 commands..17.4.2\n+00030e30: 3120 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 0a2d 2d2d 1 devicetree.---\n+00030e40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00030e50: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6465 . -- Command: de\n+00030e60: 7669 6365 7472 6565 2066 696c 650a 2020 vicetree file. \n+00030e70: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 7669 6365 Load a device\n+00030e80: 2074 7265 6520 626c 6f62 2028 2e64 7462 tree blob (.dtb\n+00030e90: 2920 6672 6f6d 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 ) from a filesys\n+00030ea0: 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 206c 6174 6572 2075 tem, for later u\n+00030eb0: 7365 2062 790a 2020 2020 2061 204c 696e se by. a Lin\n+00030ec0: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 446f 6573 ux kernel. Does\n+00030ed0: 206e 6f74 2070 6572 666f 726d 206d 6572 not perform mer\n+00030ee0: 6769 6e67 2077 6974 6820 616e 7920 6465 ging with any de\n+00030ef0: 7669 6365 2074 7265 650a 2020 2020 2073 vice tree. s\n+00030f00: 7570 706c 6965 6420 6279 2066 6972 6d77 upplied by firmw\n+00030f10: 6172 652c 2062 7574 2072 6174 6865 7220 are, but rather \n+00030f20: 7265 706c 6163 6573 2069 7420 636f 6d70 replaces it comp\n+00030f30: 6c65 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f letely... No\n+00030f40: 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 te: The command \n+00030f50: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 is not allowed w\n+00030f60: 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 hen lockdown is \n+00030f70: 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a enforced (*note.\n+00030f80: 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 Lockdown::)\n+00030f90: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 . This is done \n+00030fa0: 746f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 7562 7665 to prevent subve\n+00030fb0: 7274 696e 6720 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7365 rting various se\n+00030fc0: 6375 7269 7479 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 curity. mech\n+00030fd0: 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a anisms.....File:\n+00030fe0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00030ff0: 653a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 4e65 e: distrust, Ne\n+00031000: 7874 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 2050 xt: drivemap, P\n+00031010: 7265 763a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c rev: devicetree,\n+00031020: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00031030: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00031040: 342e 3232 2064 6973 7472 7573 740a 2d2d 4.22 distrust.--\n+00031050: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00031060: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 6973 -- Command: dis\n+00031070: 7472 7573 7420 7075 626b 6579 5f69 640a trust pubkey_id.\n+00031080: 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 7075 626c Remove publ\n+00031090: 6963 206b 6579 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4944 ic key PUBKEY_ID\n+000310a0: 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2773 206b 6579 from GRUB's key\n+000310b0: 7269 6e67 206f 6620 7472 7573 7465 6420 ring of trusted \n+000310c0: 6b65 7973 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 5542 4b45 keys.. PUBKE\n+000310d0: 595f 4944 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c61 7374 Y_ID is the last\n+000310e0: 2066 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 2865 6967 four bytes (eig\n+000310f0: 6874 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 ht hexadecimal d\n+00031100: 6967 6974 7329 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 igits) of the. \n+00031110: 2020 2047 5047 2076 3420 6b65 7920 6964 GPG v4 key id\n+00031120: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 , which is also \n+00031130: 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 206f 6620 e280 the output of ..\n+00031140: 986c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 64e2 8099 .list_trusted...\n+00031150: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 206c 6973 (*note. lis\n+00031160: 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a29 2e20 204f t_trusted::). O\n+00031170: 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 4752 5542 2c20 utside of GRUB, \n+00031180: 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6964 2063 616e 2062 the key id can b\n+00031190: 6520 6f62 7461 696e 6564 2075 7369 6e67 e obtained using\n+000311a0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 7067 202d 2d66 . ...gpg --f\n+000311b0: 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 e280 9929 2e20 ingerprint...). \n+000311c0: 2054 6865 7365 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 These keys are \n+000311d0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 7465 used to validate\n+000311e0: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2020 2020 signatures. \n+000311f0: 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e when environmen\n+00031200: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 t variable ...ch\n+00031210: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 eck_signatures..\n+00031220: 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9865 . is set to ...e\n+00031230: 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 nforce.... (\n+00031240: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e *note check_sign\n+00031250: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2062 atures::), and b\n+00031260: 7920 736f 6d65 2069 6e76 6f63 6174 696f y some invocatio\n+00031270: 6e73 206f 660a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7665 ns of. ...ve\n+00031280: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 64e2 8099 rify_detached...\n+00031290: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 (*note verify_d\n+000312a0: 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 202a 4e6f etached::). *No\n+000312b0: 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c te Using digital\n+000312c0: 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 . signatures\n+000312d0: 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 ::, for more inf\n+000312e0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ormation.....Fil\n+000312f0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00031300: 6f64 653a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702c 2020 ode: drivemap, \n+00031310: 4e65 7874 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 2050 7265 Next: echo, Pre\n+00031320: 763a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 5570 v: distrust, Up\n+00031330: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00031340: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3233 ommands..17.4.23\n+00031350: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d drivemap.------\n+00031360: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00031370: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 Command: drivema\n+00031380: 7020 2d6c 7c2d 727c 5b2d 735d 2066 726f p -l|-r|[-s] fro\n+00031390: 6d5f 6472 6976 6520 746f 5f64 7269 7665 m_drive to_drive\n+000313a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 6f75 7420 6f70 . Without op\n+000313b0: 7469 6f6e 732c 206d 6170 2074 6865 2064 tions, map the d\n+000313c0: 7269 7665 2046 524f 4d5f 4452 4956 4520 rive FROM_DRIVE \n+000313d0: 746f 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2054 4f5f to the drive TO_\n+000313e0: 4452 4956 452e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 DRIVE.. This\n+000313f0: 2069 7320 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 7768 is necessary wh\n+00031400: 656e 2079 6f75 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 en you chain-loa\n+00031410: 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 d some operating\n+00031420: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7375 6368 0a20 systems, such. \n+00031430: 2020 2020 6173 2044 4f53 2c20 6966 2073 as DOS, if s\n+00031440: 7563 6820 616e 204f 5320 7265 7369 6465 uch an OS reside\n+00031450: 7320 6174 2061 206e 6f6e 2d66 6972 7374 s at a non-first\n+00031460: 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 drive. For. \n+00031470: 2020 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c 2061 convenience, a\n+00031480: 6e79 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7566 ny partition suf\n+00031490: 6669 7820 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 fix on the drive\n+000314a0: 2069 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 642c 2073 6f20 is ignored, so \n+000314b0: 796f 750a 2020 2020 2063 616e 2073 6166 you. can saf\n+000314c0: 656c 7920 7573 6520 247b 726f 6f74 7d20 ely use ${root} \n+000314d0: 6173 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 as a drive speci\n+000314e0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 fication... \n+000314f0: 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 With the ...-s..\n+00031500: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7065 7266 6f72 . option, perfor\n+00031510: 6d20 7468 6520 7265 7665 7273 6520 6d61 m the reverse ma\n+00031520: 7070 696e 6720 6173 2077 656c 6c2c 2073 pping as well, s\n+00031530: 7761 7070 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 wapping. the\n+00031540: 2074 776f 2064 7269 7665 732e 0a0a 2020 two drives... \n+00031550: 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d With the ...-\n+00031560: 6ce2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206c 6973 l... option, lis\n+00031570: 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6d61 t the current ma\n+00031580: 7070 696e 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 ppings... Wi\n+00031590: 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d72 e280 9920 th the ...-r... \n+000315a0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7365 7420 616c option, reset al\n+000315b0: 6c20 6d61 7070 696e 6773 2074 6f20 7468 l mappings to th\n+000315c0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 6c75 6573 e default values\n+000315d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d ... For exam\n+000315e0: 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ple:.. \n+000315f0: 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 drivemap -s (hd0\n+00031600: 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 4e4f ) (hd1).. NO\n+00031610: 5445 3a20 4f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 TE: Only availab\n+00031620: 6c65 206f 6e20 6933 3836 2d70 632e 0a0a le on i386-pc...\n+00031630: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00031640: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 o, Node: echo, \n+00031650: 204e 6578 743a 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f Next: efitextmo\n+00031660: 6465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 7269 7665 de, Prev: drive\n+00031670: 6d61 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e map, Up: Comman\n+00031680: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00031690: 0a31 372e 342e 3234 2065 6368 6f0a 2d2d .17.4.24 echo.--\n+000316a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+000316b0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 6368 6f20 5b2d Command: echo [-\n+000316c0: 6e5d 205b 2d65 5d20 7374 7269 6e67 202e n] [-e] string .\n+000316d0: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 ... Display \n+000316e0: 7468 6520 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 7465 the requested te\n+000316f0: 7874 2061 6e64 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2074 xt and, unless t\n+00031700: 6865 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 9920 6f70 7469 he ...-n... opti\n+00031710: 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 610a 2020 on is used, a. \n+00031720: 2020 2074 7261 696c 696e 6720 6e65 7720 trailing new \n+00031730: 6c69 6e65 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 line. If there \n+00031740: 6973 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 is more than one\n+00031750: 2073 7472 696e 672c 2074 6865 7920 6172 string, they ar\n+00031760: 650a 2020 2020 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 e. separated\n+00031770: 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 2069 6e20 7468 by spaces in th\n+00031780: 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2041 7320 7573 e output. As us\n+00031790: 7561 6c20 696e 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d ual in GRUB comm\n+000317a0: 616e 6473 2c0a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 ands,. varia\n+000317b0: 626c 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 7375 6273 bles may be subs\n+000317c0: 7469 7475 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 e280 tituted using ..\n+000317d0: 9824 7b76 6172 7de2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 .${var}...... \n+000317e0: 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 65e2 8099 206f The ...-e... o\n+000317f0: 7074 696f 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 7320 696e ption enables in\n+00031800: 7465 7270 7265 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 terpretation of \n+00031810: 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 6573 6361 7065 backslash escape\n+00031820: 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c s. The. fol\n+00031830: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6573 lowing sequences\n+00031840: 2061 7265 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 643a are recognised:\n+00031850: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c5c e280 990a .. ...\\\\....\n+00031860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6261 636b 736c backsl\n+00031870: 6173 680a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 61e2 ash.. ...\\a.\n+00031880: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6c65 ... ale\n+00031890: 7274 2028 4245 4c29 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 rt (BEL).. .\n+000318a0: 8098 5c63 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ..\\c.... \n+000318b0: 2020 7375 7070 7265 7373 2074 7261 696c suppress trail\n+000318c0: 696e 6720 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a0a 2020 ing new line.. \n+000318d0: 2020 20e2 8098 5c66 e280 990a 2020 2020 ...\\f.... \n+000318e0: 2020 2020 2020 666f 726d 2066 6565 640a form feed.\n+000318f0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 6ee2 8099 0a20 . ...\\n.... \n+00031900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6577 206c 696e new lin\n+00031910: 650a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 72e2 8099 e.. ...\\r...\n+00031920: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6172 7269 . carri\n+00031930: 6167 6520 7265 7475 726e 0a0a 2020 2020 age return.. \n+00031940: 20e2 8098 5c74 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 ...\\t.... \n+00031950: 2020 2020 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2074 horizontal t\n+00031960: 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c76 e280 ab.. ...\\v..\n+00031970: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 7274 .. vert\n+00031980: 6963 616c 2074 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 ical tab.. W\n+00031990: 6865 6e20 696e 7465 7270 7265 7469 6e67 hen interpreting\n+000319a0: 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2065 7363 6170 backslash escap\n+000319b0: 6573 2c20 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 666f es, backslash fo\n+000319c0: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 616e 790a 2020 llowed by any. \n+000319d0: 2020 206f 7468 6572 2063 6861 7261 6374 other charact\n+000319e0: 6572 2077 696c 6c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 er will print th\n+000319f0: 6174 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2e0a 0a1f at character....\n+00031a00: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00031a10: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 6669 7465 7874 , Node: efitext\n+00031a20: 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 7661 mode, Next: eva\n+00031a30: 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 l, Prev: echo, \n+00031a40: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00031a50: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00031a60: 2e32 3520 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 650a .25 efitextmode.\n 00031a70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00031a80: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00031a90: 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 6520 5b6d 696e efitextmode [min\n-00031aa0: 207c 206d 6178 207c 203c 6d6f 6465 5f6e | max | | ]. When u\n-00031ad0: 7365 6420 7769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 sed with no argu\n-00031ae0: 6d65 6e74 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 ments displays a\n-00031af0: 6c6c 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6578 ll available tex\n-00031b00: 7420 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f t output. mo\n-00031b10: 6465 732e 2020 5468 6520 7365 7420 6d6f des. The set mo\n-00031b20: 6465 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 7320 7468 de determines th\n-00031b30: 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f e columns and ro\n-00031b40: 7773 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 0a20 ws of the text. \n-00031b50: 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7768 656e display when\n-00031b60: 2069 6e20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 652e 2020 in text mode. \n-00031b70: 416e 2061 7374 6572 6973 6b2c 20e2 8098 An asterisk, ...\n-00031b80: 2ae2 8099 2c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6174 *..., will be at\n-00031b90: 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 660a 2020 2020 the end of. \n-00031ba0: 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2074 6865 the line of the\n-00031bb0: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2073 6574 206d currently set m\n-00031bc0: 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6769 ode... If gi\n-00031bd0: 7665 6e20 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2070 6172 ven a single par\n-00031be0: 616d 6574 6572 2c20 6974 206d 7573 7420 ameter, it must \n-00031bf0: 6265 20e2 8098 6d69 6ee2 8099 2c20 e280 be ...min..., ..\n-00031c00: 986d 6178 e280 992c 206f 7220 6120 6d6f .max..., or a mo\n-00031c10: 6465 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2067 de. number g\n-00031c20: 6976 656e 2062 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 iven by the list\n-00031c30: 696e 6720 7768 656e 2072 756e 2077 6974 ing when run wit\n-00031c40: 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2e20 h no arguments. \n-00031c50: 2054 6865 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6775 These. argu\n-00031c60: 6d65 6e74 7320 7365 7420 7468 6520 6d6f ments set the mo\n-00031c70: 6465 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 de to the minimu\n-00031c80: 6d2c 206d 6178 696d 756d 2c20 616e 6420 m, maximum, and \n-00031c90: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 206d 6f64 650a particular mode.\n-00031ca0: 2020 2020 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c respectivel\n-00031cb0: 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 y... Otherwi\n-00031cc0: 7365 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 se, the command \n-00031cd0: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7477 must be given tw\n-00031ce0: 6f20 6e75 6d65 7269 6361 6c20 6172 6775 o numerical argu\n-00031cf0: 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 ments. speci\n-00031d00: 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e fying the column\n-00031d10: 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 7468 s and rows of th\n-00031d20: 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 6d6f 6465 2e20 e desired mode. \n-00031d30: 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 610a 2020 Specifying a. \n-00031d40: 2020 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 columns and r\n-00031d50: 6f77 7320 636f 6d62 696e 6174 696f 6e20 ows combination \n-00031d60: 7468 6174 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 that corresponds\n-00031d70: 2074 6f20 6e6f 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 to no supported\n-00031d80: 206d 6f64 652c 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c mode,. will\n-00031d90: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2062 return error, b\n-00031da0: 7574 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2068 6176 ut otherwise hav\n-00031db0: 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 e no effect... \n-00031dc0: 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 4752 By default GR\n-00031dd0: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7374 6172 7420 696e UB will start in\n-00031de0: 2077 6861 7465 7665 7220 6d6f 6465 2074 whatever mode t\n-00031df0: 6865 2045 4649 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a he EFI firmware.\n-00031e00: 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f defaults to\n-00031e10: 2e20 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 2066 6972 . There are fir\n-00031e20: 6d77 6172 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 mwares known to \n-00031e30: 7365 7420 7570 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 set up the defau\n-00031e40: 6c74 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2073 7563 lt mode. suc\n-00031e50: 6820 7468 6174 206f 7574 7075 7420 6265 h that output be\n-00031e60: 6861 7665 7320 7374 7261 6e67 656c 792c haves strangely,\n-00031e70: 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 6865 for example the\n-00031e80: 2063 7572 736f 7220 696e 2074 6865 0a20 cursor in the. \n-00031e90: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2073 6865 6c6c 206e GRUB shell n\n-00031ea0: 6576 6572 2072 6561 6368 6573 2074 6865 ever reaches the\n-00031eb0: 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 2073 bottom of the s\n-00031ec0: 6372 6565 6e20 6f72 2c20 7768 656e 2074 creen or, when t\n-00031ed0: 7970 696e 670a 2020 2020 2063 6861 7261 yping. chara\n-00031ee0: 6374 6572 7320 6174 2074 6865 2070 726f cters at the pro\n-00031ef0: 6d70 742c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 mpt, characters \n-00031f00: 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 636f from previous co\n-00031f10: 6d6d 616e 6420 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 2020 mmand output. \n-00031f20: 2020 6172 6520 6f76 6572 7772 6974 7465 are overwritte\n-00031f30: 6e2e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 n. Setting the \n-00031f40: 6d6f 6465 206d 6179 2066 6978 2074 6869 mode may fix thi\n-00031f50: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2045 4649 s... The EFI\n-00031f60: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 specification s\n-00031f70: 6179 7320 7468 6174 206d 6f64 6520 3020 ays that mode 0 \n-00031f80: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c must be availabl\n-00031f90: 6520 616e 6420 6861 7665 0a20 2020 2020 e and have. \n-00031fa0: 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 columns and rows\n-00031fb0: 206f 6620 3830 2061 6e64 2032 3520 7265 of 80 and 25 re\n-00031fc0: 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e20 204d 6f64 spectively. Mod\n-00031fd0: 6520 3120 6d61 7920 6265 2064 6566 696e e 1 may be defin\n-00031fe0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6966 2073 ed. and if s\n-00031ff0: 6f20 6d75 7374 2068 6176 6520 636f 6c75 o must have colu\n-00032000: 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 mns and rows of \n-00032010: 3830 2061 6e64 2035 3020 7265 7370 6563 80 and 50 respec\n-00032020: 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6e79 tively.. Any\n-00032030: 206f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 6573 206d 6179 other modes may\n-00032040: 2068 6176 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e have columns an\n-00032050: 6420 726f 7773 2061 7262 6974 7261 7269 d rows arbitrari\n-00032060: 6c79 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 790a 2020 ly defined by. \n-00032070: 2020 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e the firmware.\n-00032080: 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 This means tha\n-00032090: 7420 6120 6d6f 6465 2077 6974 6820 636f t a mode with co\n-000320a0: 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f lumns and rows o\n-000320b0: 6620 3130 300a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2033 f 100. and 3\n-000320c0: 3120 6f6e 206f 6e65 2066 6972 6d77 6172 1 on one firmwar\n-000320d0: 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2064 6966 6665 e may be a diffe\n-000320e0: 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 rent mode number\n-000320f0: 206f 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2064 6966 6665 on a. diffe\n-00032100: 7265 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6f72 rent firmware or\n-00032110: 206e 6f74 2065 7869 7374 2061 7420 616c not exist at al\n-00032120: 6c2e 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 6d6f l. Likewise, mo\n-00032130: 6465 206e 756d 6265 7220 3220 6f6e 0a20 de number 2 on. \n-00032140: 2020 2020 6f6e 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 one firmware\n-00032150: 206d 6179 2068 6176 6520 6120 6469 6666 may have a diff\n-00032160: 6572 656e 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 erent number of \n-00032170: 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 columns and rows\n-00032180: 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 than. mode \n-00032190: 3220 6f6e 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2 on a different\n-000321a0: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 536f 206f firmware. So o\n-000321b0: 6e65 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 7265 ne should not re\n-000321c0: 6c79 206f 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2070 6172 ly on a. par\n-000321d0: 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6d6f 6465 206e 756d ticular mode num\n-000321e0: 6265 7220 6f72 2061 206d 6f64 6520 6f66 ber or a mode of\n-000321f0: 2061 2063 6572 7461 696e 206e 756d 6265 a certain numbe\n-00032200: 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 r of columns and\n-00032210: 0a20 2020 2020 726f 7773 2065 7869 7374 . rows exist\n-00032220: 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 6c6c 2066 6972 6d77 ing on all firmw\n-00032230: 6172 6573 2c20 6578 6365 7074 2066 6f72 ares, except for\n-00032240: 206d 6f64 6520 302e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e mode 0... N\n-00032250: 6f74 653a 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e ote: This comman\n-00032260: 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 d is only availa\n-00032270: 626c 6520 6f6e 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 ble on EFI platf\n-00032280: 6f72 6d73 2061 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 orms and is. \n-00032290: 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 4546 4920 similar to EFI \n-000322a0: 7368 656c 6c20 226d 6f64 6522 2063 6f6d shell \"mode\" com\n-000322b0: 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 mand.....File: g\n-000322c0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000322d0: 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6578 eval, Next: ex\n-000322e0: 706f 7274 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 6669 port, Prev: efi\n-000322f0: 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 2055 703a 2043 textmode, Up: C\n-00032300: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00032310: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3620 6576 ands..17.4.26 ev\n-00032320: 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a al.------------.\n-00032330: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6576 . -- Command: ev\n-00032340: 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 al string .... \n-00032350: 2020 2043 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 7465 2061 Concatenate a\n-00032360: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f67 6574 6865 rguments togethe\n-00032370: 7220 7573 696e 6720 7369 6e67 6c65 2073 r using single s\n-00032380: 7061 6365 2061 7320 7365 7061 7261 746f pace as separato\n-00032390: 7220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7661 6c75 r and. evalu\n-000323a0: 6174 6520 7265 7375 6c74 2061 7320 7365 ate result as se\n-000323b0: 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 4752 5542 2063 quence of GRUB c\n-000323c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ommands.....File\n-000323d0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000323e0: 6465 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 204e 6578 de: export, Nex\n-000323f0: 743a 2066 616c 7365 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: false, Prev:\n-00032400: 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d eval, Up: Comm\n-00032410: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-00032420: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3237 2065 7870 6f72 s..17.4.27 expor\n-00032430: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n-00032440: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 .. -- Command: e\n-00032450: 7870 6f72 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 2020 xport envvar. \n-00032460: 2020 4578 706f 7274 2074 6865 2065 6e76 Export the env\n-00032470: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00032480: 6520 454e 5656 4152 2e20 2045 7870 6f72 e ENVVAR. Expor\n-00032490: 7465 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 ted variables ar\n-000324a0: 650a 2020 2020 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2074 e. visible t\n-000324b0: 6f20 7375 6273 6964 6961 7279 2063 6f6e o subsidiary con\n-000324c0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 figuration files\n-000324d0: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 loaded using. \n-000324e0: 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 ...configfile\n-000324f0: e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ........File: gr\n-00032500: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00032510: 6661 6c73 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6677 false, Next: fw\n-00032520: 7365 7475 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6578 setup, Prev: ex\n-00032530: 706f 7274 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 port, Up: Comma\n-00032540: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00032550: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3820 6661 6c73 650a ..17.4.28 false.\n-00032560: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00032570: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6661 6c73 -- Command: fals\n-00032580: 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e e. Do nothin\n-00032590: 672c 2075 6e73 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c g, unsuccessfull\n-000325a0: 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e y. This is main\n-000325b0: 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e ly useful in con\n-000325c0: 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 trol. constr\n-000325d0: 7563 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 ucts such as ...\n-000325e0: 6966 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9877 6869 if... and ...whi\n-000325f0: 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 le... (*note She\n-00032600: 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e ll-like scriptin\n-00032610: 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 g::).....File: g\n-00032620: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00032630: 2066 7773 6574 7570 2c20 204e 6578 743a fwsetup, Next:\n-00032640: 2067 6462 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a gdbinfo, Prev:\n-00032650: 2066 616c 7365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d false, Up: Com\n-00032660: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00032670: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3920 6677 7365 ds..17.4.29 fwse\n-00032680: 7475 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tup.------------\n-00032690: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-000326a0: 3a20 6677 7365 7475 7020 5b2d 2d69 732d : fwsetup [--is-\n-000326b0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 645d 0a20 2020 2020 supported]. \n-000326c0: 5265 626f 6f74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 Reboot into the \n-000326d0: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 6574 7570 206d firmware setup m\n-000326e0: 656e 752e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 2d2d 6973 enu. If ...--is\n-000326f0: 2d73 7570 706f 7274 6564 e280 9920 6f70 -supported... op\n-00032700: 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 tion is. spe\n-00032710: 6369 6669 6564 2c20 696e 7374 6561 6420 cified, instead \n-00032720: 6368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 7220 7468 check whether th\n-00032730: 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7570 706f e firmware suppo\n-00032740: 7274 7320 6120 7365 7475 7020 6d65 6e75 rts a setup menu\n-00032750: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6578 6974 2073 . and exit s\n-00032760: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 2073 uccessfully if s\n-00032770: 6f2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 o.....File: grub\n-00032780: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6764 .info, Node: gd\n-00032790: 6269 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6765 binfo, Next: ge\n-000327a0: 7474 6578 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6677 ttext, Prev: fw\n-000327b0: 7365 7475 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d setup, Up: Comm\n-000327c0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-000327d0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3330 2067 6462 696e s..17.4.30 gdbin\n-000327e0: 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fo.-------------\n-000327f0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00032800: 2067 6462 696e 666f 0a20 2020 2020 4f75 gdbinfo. Ou\n-00032810: 7470 7574 2074 6578 7420 746f 2062 6520 tput text to be \n-00032820: 7573 6564 2061 7320 6120 4744 4220 636f used as a GDB co\n-00032830: 6d6d 616e 6420 666f 7220 6120 4744 4220 mmand for a GDB \n-00032840: 7365 7373 696f 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 session using th\n-00032850: 650a 2020 2020 2067 6462 5f67 7275 6220 e. gdb_grub \n-00032860: 7363 7269 7074 2061 6e64 2061 7474 6163 script and attac\n-00032870: 6865 6420 746f 2061 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 hed to a running\n-00032880: 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2e20 GRUB instance. \n-00032890: 2054 6865 2047 4442 0a20 2020 2020 636f The GDB. co\n-000328a0: 6d6d 616e 6420 7468 6174 2069 7320 6f75 mmand that is ou\n-000328b0: 7470 7574 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 2047 tput will tell G\n-000328c0: 4442 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2064 DB how to load d\n-000328d0: 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2073 796d 626f 6c73 ebugging symbols\n-000328e0: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 6972 2070 . to their p\n-000328f0: 726f 7065 7220 7275 6e74 696d 6520 6164 roper runtime ad\n-00032900: 6472 6573 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c dress. Currentl\n-00032910: 7920 7468 6973 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 y this is only a\n-00032920: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 666f vailable. fo\n-00032930: 7220 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e r EFI platforms.\n-00032940: 2020 5365 6520 7468 6520 4465 6275 6767 See the Debugg\n-00032950: 696e 6720 696e 2074 6865 2064 6576 656c ing in the devel\n-00032960: 6f70 6572 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 oper. docume\n-00032970: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 ntation for more\n-00032980: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f information....\n-00032990: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000329a0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6574 7465 7874 , Node: gettext\n-000329b0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 , Next: gptsync\n-000329c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6462 696e 666f , Prev: gdbinfo\n-000329d0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-000329e0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-000329f0: 2e34 2e33 3120 6765 7474 6578 740a 2d2d .4.31 gettext.--\n-00032a00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00032a10: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6765 7474 -- Command: gett\n-00032a20: 6578 7420 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 ext string. \n-00032a30: 5472 616e 736c 6174 6520 5354 5249 4e47 Translate STRING\n-00032a40: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e into the curren\n-00032a50: 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 t language... \n-00032a60: 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6c61 The current la\n-00032a70: 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6f64 6520 6973 2073 nguage code is s\n-00032a80: 746f 7265 6420 696e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 tored in the ...\n-00032a90: 6c61 6e67 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 lang... variable\n-00032aa0: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4227 7320 in. GRUB's \n-00032ab0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 282a 6e6f environment (*no\n-00032ac0: 7465 206c 616e 673a 3a29 2e20 2054 7261 te lang::). Tra\n-00032ad0: 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2069 nslation files i\n-00032ae0: 6e20 4d4f 2066 6f72 6d61 740a 2020 2020 n MO format. \n-00032af0: 2061 7265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 are read from .\n-00032b00: 8098 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 e280 9920 ..locale_dir... \n-00032b10: 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 (*note locale_di\n-00032b20: 723a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 r::), usually. \n-00032b30: 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 .../boot/grub\n-00032b40: 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 /locale........F\n-00032b50: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00032b60: 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 Node: gptsync, \n-00032b70: 204e 6578 743a 2068 616c 742c 2020 5072 Next: halt, Pr\n-00032b80: 6576 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 5570 ev: gettext, Up\n-00032b90: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00032ba0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3332 ommands..17.4.32\n-00032bb0: 2067 7074 7379 6e63 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d gptsync.-------\n-00032bc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00032bd0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2064 mmand: gptsync d\n-00032be0: 6576 6963 6520 5b70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e evice [partition\n-00032bf0: 5b2b 2f2d 5b74 7970 655d 5d5d 202e 2e2e [+/-[type]]] ...\n-00032c00: 0a20 2020 2020 4469 736b 7320 7573 696e . Disks usin\n-00032c10: 6720 7468 6520 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 g the GUID Parti\n-00032c20: 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 tion Table (GPT)\n-00032c30: 2061 6c73 6f20 6861 7665 2061 206c 6567 also have a leg\n-00032c40: 6163 790a 2020 2020 204d 6173 7465 7220 acy. Master \n-00032c50: 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 Boot Record (MBR\n-00032c60: 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c ) partition tabl\n-00032c70: 6520 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c e for compatibil\n-00032c80: 6974 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ity with the. \n-00032c90: 2020 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2077 6974 6820 BIOS and with \n-00032ca0: 6f6c 6465 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 older operating \n-00032cb0: 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 5468 6520 6c65 systems. The le\n-00032cc0: 6761 6379 204d 4252 2063 616e 206f 6e6c gacy MBR can onl\n-00032cd0: 790a 2020 2020 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 y. represent\n-00032ce0: 2061 206c 696d 6974 6564 2073 7562 7365 a limited subse\n-00032cf0: 7420 6f66 2047 5054 2070 6172 7469 7469 t of GPT partiti\n-00032d00: 6f6e 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 on entries... \n-00032d10: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2070 This command p\n-00032d20: 6f70 756c 6174 6573 2074 6865 206c 6567 opulates the leg\n-00032d30: 6163 7920 4d42 5220 7769 7468 2074 6865 acy MBR with the\n-00032d40: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2050 4152 5449 specified PARTI\n-00032d50: 5449 4f4e 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 6965 TION. entrie\n-00032d60: 7320 6f6e 2044 4556 4943 452e 2020 5570 s on DEVICE. Up\n-00032d70: 2074 6f20 7468 7265 6520 7061 7274 6974 to three partit\n-00032d80: 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 ions may be used\n-00032d90: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5459 5045 2069 7320 ... TYPE is \n-00032da0: 616e 204d 4252 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e an MBR partition\n-00032db0: 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 3b20 7072 6566 type code; pref\n-00032dc0: 6978 2077 6974 6820 e280 9830 78e2 8099 ix with ...0x...\n-00032dd0: 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f0a if you want to.\n-00032de0: 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6572 2074 6869 7320 enter this \n-00032df0: 696e 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2e20 in hexadecimal. \n-00032e00: 2054 6865 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2062 The separator b\n-00032e10: 6574 7765 656e 2050 4152 5449 5449 4f4e etween PARTITION\n-00032e20: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 5459 5045 206d and. TYPE m\n-00032e30: 6179 2062 6520 e280 982b e280 9920 746f ay be ...+... to\n-00032e40: 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 make the partit\n-00032e50: 696f 6e20 6163 7469 7665 2c20 6f72 20e2 ion active, or .\n-00032e60: 8098 2de2 8099 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 ..-... to make i\n-00032e70: 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e61 6374 6976 653b t. inactive;\n-00032e80: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 6974 only one partit\n-00032e90: 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2061 6374 6976 ion may be activ\n-00032ea0: 652e 2020 4966 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 e. If both the \n-00032eb0: 7365 7061 7261 746f 720a 2020 2020 2061 separator. a\n-00032ec0: 6e64 2074 7970 6520 6172 6520 6f6d 6974 nd type are omit\n-00032ed0: 7465 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7061 ted, then the pa\n-00032ee0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 rtition will be \n-00032ef0: 696e 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c inactive.....Fil\n-00032f00: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00032f10: 6f64 653a 2068 616c 742c 2020 4e65 7874 ode: halt, Next\n-00032f20: 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 : hashsum, Prev\n-00032f30: 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 5570 3a20 : gptsync, Up: \n-00032f40: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00032f50: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3333 2068 mands..17.4.33 h\n-00032f60: 616c 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d alt.------------\n-00032f70: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 .. -- Command: h\n-00032f80: 616c 7420 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6170 6d5d 0a20 alt [--no-apm]. \n-00032f90: 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 The command \n-00032fa0: 6861 6c74 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 halts the comput\n-00032fb0: 6572 2e20 204f 6e20 7468 6520 6933 3836 er. On the i386\n-00032fc0: 2d70 6320 7461 7267 6574 2c20 7468 650a -pc target, the.\n-00032fd0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 706d ...--no-apm\n-00032fe0: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 2073 ... option, or s\n-00032ff0: 686f 7274 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 992c 2069 hort ...-n..., i\n-00033000: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 206e 6f20 s specified, no \n-00033010: 4150 4d20 4249 4f53 2063 616c 6c20 6973 APM BIOS call is\n-00033020: 0a20 2020 2020 7065 7266 6f72 6d65 642e . performed.\n-00033030: 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 Otherwise, the\n-00033040: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 6973 2073 6875 computer is shu\n-00033050: 7420 646f 776e 2075 7369 6e67 2041 504d t down using APM\n-00033060: 206f 6e20 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7461 on that. ta\n-00033070: 7267 6574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rget.....File: g\n-00033080: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00033090: 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a hashsum, Next:\n-000330a0: 2068 656c 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6861 help, Prev: ha\n-000330b0: 6c74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 lt, Up: Command\n-000330c0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-000330d0: 3137 2e34 2e33 3420 6861 7368 7375 6d0a 17.4.34 hashsum.\n-000330e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-000330f0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6861 . -- Command: ha\n-00033100: 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2068 6173 shsum --hash has\n-00033110: 6820 2d2d 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 6e67 202d h --keep-going -\n-00033120: 2d75 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 2d2d 6368 -uncompress --ch\n-00033130: 6563 6b20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 eck file. \n-00033140: 2020 205b 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 2064 6972 [--prefix dir\n-00033150: 5d7c 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 ]|file .... \n-00033160: 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2076 6572 6966 Compute or verif\n-00033170: 7920 6669 6c65 2068 6173 6865 732e 2020 y file hashes. \n-00033180: 4861 7368 2074 7970 6520 6973 2073 656c Hash type is sel\n-00033190: 6563 7465 6420 7769 7468 206f 7074 696f ected with optio\n-000331a0: 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6861 7368 n. ...--hash\n-000331b0: e280 992e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 .... Supported \n-000331c0: 6861 7368 6573 2061 7265 3a20 e280 9861 hashes are: ...a\n-000331d0: 646c 6572 3332 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6372 dler32..., ...cr\n-000331e0: 6336 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 7263 3332 c64..., ...crc32\n-000331f0: e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 7263 ...,. ...crc\n-00033200: 3332 7266 6331 3531 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 32rfc1510..., ..\n-00033210: 9863 7263 3234 7266 6332 3434 30e2 8099 .crc24rfc2440...\n-00033220: 2c20 e280 986d 6434 e280 992c 20e2 8098 , ...md4..., ...\n-00033230: 6d64 35e2 8099 2c20 e280 9872 6970 656d md5..., ...ripem\n-00033240: 6431 3630 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7368 6131 d160..., ...sha1\n-00033250: e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 6861 ...,. ...sha\n-00033260: 3232 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3235 224..., ...sha25\n-00033270: 36e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3531 32e2 6..., ...sha512.\n-00033280: 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3338 34e2 8099 .., ...sha384...\n-00033290: 2c20 e280 9874 6967 6572 3139 32e2 8099 , ...tiger192...\n-000332a0: 2c20 e280 9874 6967 6572 e280 992c 0a20 , ...tiger...,. \n-000332b0: 2020 2020 e280 9874 6967 6572 32e2 8099 ...tiger2...\n-000332c0: 2c20 e280 9877 6869 726c 706f 6f6c e280 , ...whirlpool..\n-000332d0: 992e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d .. Option ...--\n-000332e0: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 e280 9920 756e uncompress... un\n-000332f0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6573 2066 696c 6573 compresses files\n-00033300: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 666f 7265 2063 6f6d . before com\n-00033310: 7075 7469 6e67 2068 6173 682e 0a0a 2020 puting hash... \n-00033320: 2020 2057 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 206f 6620 When list of \n-00033330: 6669 6c65 7320 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 files is given, \n-00033340: 6861 7368 206f 6620 6561 6368 2066 696c hash of each fil\n-00033350: 6520 6973 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 6420 616e e is computed an\n-00033360: 640a 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2c20 d. printed, \n-00033370: 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6669 6c65 followed by file\n-00033380: 206e 616d 652c 2065 6163 6820 6669 6c65 name, each file\n-00033390: 206f 6e20 6120 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e0a on a new line..\n-000333a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 206f 7074 696f . When optio\n-000333b0: 6e20 e280 982d 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 n ...--check... \n-000333c0: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 2070 6f69 is given, it poi\n-000333d0: 6e74 7320 746f 2061 2066 696c 6520 7468 nts to a file th\n-000333e0: 6174 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 730a 2020 2020 at contains. \n-000333f0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2048 4153 4820 4e41 list of HASH NA\n-00033400: 4d45 2070 6169 7273 2069 6e20 7468 6520 ME pairs in the \n-00033410: 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6173 2075 same format as u\n-00033420: 7365 6420 6279 2055 4e49 5820 e280 986d sed by UNIX ...m\n-00033430: 6435 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f d5sum.... co\n-00033440: 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 mmand. Option .\n-00033450: 8098 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 6d61 ..--prefix... ma\n-00033460: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 6976 y be used to giv\n-00033470: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 e directory wher\n-00033480: 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 e. files are\n-00033490: 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2e20 2048 6173 6820 located. Hash \n-000334a0: 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 746f verification sto\n-000334b0: 7073 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 2066 6972 ps after the fir\n-000334c0: 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6d69 736d 6174 6368 st. mismatch\n-000334d0: 2077 6173 2066 6f75 6e64 2075 6e6c 6573 was found unles\n-000334e0: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6b65 s option ...--ke\n-000334f0: 6570 2d67 6f69 6e67 e280 9920 7761 7320 ep-going... was \n-00033500: 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 given. The. \n-00033510: 2065 7869 7420 636f 6465 20e2 8098 243f exit code ...$?\n-00033520: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 ... is set to 0 \n-00033530: 6966 2068 6173 6820 7665 7269 6669 6361 if hash verifica\n-00033540: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 6363 6573 7366 tion is successf\n-00033550: 756c 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 2069 7420 ul. If. it \n-00033560: 6661 696c 732c 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 fails, ...$?... \n-00033570: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e7a is set to a nonz\n-00033580: 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ero value.....Fi\n-00033590: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000335a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 204e 6578 Node: help, Nex\n-000335b0: 743a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 t: hexdump, Pre\n-000335c0: 763a 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 2055 703a v: hashsum, Up:\n-000335d0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-000335e0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3520 mmands..17.4.35 \n-000335f0: 6865 6c70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d help.-----------\n-00033600: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00033610: 6865 6c70 205b 7061 7474 6572 6e20 2e2e help [pattern ..\n-00033620: 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 .]. Display \n-00033630: 6865 6c70 6675 6c20 696e 666f 726d 6174 helpful informat\n-00033640: 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 6275 696c 7469 ion about builti\n-00033650: 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 2049 6620 n commands. If \n-00033660: 796f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 you do not. \n-00033670: 7370 6563 6966 7920 5041 5454 4552 4e2c specify PATTERN,\n-00033680: 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7368 this command sh\n-00033690: 6f77 7320 7368 6f72 7420 6465 7363 7269 ows short descri\n-000336a0: 7074 696f 6e73 206f 6620 616c 6c0a 2020 ptions of all. \n-000336b0: 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d available com\n-000336c0: 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 mands... If \n-000336d0: 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 616e 7920 you specify any \n-000336e0: 5041 5454 4552 4e53 2c20 6974 2064 6973 PATTERNS, it dis\n-000336f0: 706c 6179 7320 6c6f 6e67 6572 2069 6e66 plays longer inf\n-00033700: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 0a20 ormation about. \n-00033710: 2020 2020 6561 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 each of the \n-00033720: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 686f 7365 206e commands whose n\n-00033730: 616d 6573 2062 6567 696e 2077 6974 6820 ames begin with \n-00033740: 7468 6f73 6520 5041 5454 4552 4e53 2e0a those PATTERNS..\n-00033750: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00033760: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 6578 6475 fo, Node: hexdu\n-00033770: 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e73 6d6f mp, Next: insmo\n-00033780: 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 d, Prev: help, \n-00033790: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-000337a0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-000337b0: 2e33 3620 6865 7864 756d 700a 2d2d 2d2d .36 hexdump.----\n-000337c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-000337d0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6865 7864 756d Command: hexdum\n-000337e0: 7020 5b2d 2d73 6b69 7020 6f66 6673 6574 p [--skip offset\n-000337f0: 5d20 5b2d 2d6c 656e 6774 6820 6c65 6e5d ] [--length len]\n-00033800: 2046 494c 455f 4f52 5f44 4556 4943 450a FILE_OR_DEVICE.\n-00033810: 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 7261 7720 636f Show raw co\n-00033820: 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 6120 6669 6c65 ntents of a file\n-00033830: 206f 7220 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 2057 6865 or memory. Whe\n-00033840: 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b n option ...--sk\n-00033850: 6970 e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6769 ip... is. gi\n-00033860: 7665 6e2c 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 6574 e280 ven, ...offset..\n-00033870: 9920 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6279 7465 . number of byte\n-00033880: 7320 6172 6520 736b 6970 7065 6420 6672 s are skipped fr\n-00033890: 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 om the start of \n-000338a0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 6520 the. device \n-000338b0: 6f72 2066 696c 6520 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 or file given. \n-000338c0: 416e 6420 e280 982d 2d6c 656e 6774 68e2 And ...--length.\n-000338d0: 8099 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7370 6563 6966 .. allows specif\n-000338e0: 7969 6e67 2061 206d 6178 696d 756d 0a20 ying a maximum. \n-000338f0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6279 number of by\n-00033900: 7465 7320 746f 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e2e tes to be shown.\n-00033910: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6769 7665 6e20 .. If given \n-00033920: 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6465 7669 the special devi\n-00033930: 6365 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 286d 656d ce named ...(mem\n-00033940: 29e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 20e2 )..., then the .\n-00033950: 8098 6f66 6673 6574 e280 9920 6769 7665 ..offset... give\n-00033960: 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 982d 2d73 n. to ...--s\n-00033970: 6b69 70e2 8099 2069 7320 7472 6561 7465 kip... is treate\n-00033980: 6420 6173 2074 6865 2061 6464 7265 7373 d as the address\n-00033990: 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6d6f 7279 206c 6f63 of a memory loc\n-000339a0: 6174 696f 6e20 746f 2064 756d 700a 2020 ation to dump. \n-000339b0: 2020 2066 726f 6d2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 from.....File\n-000339c0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000339d0: 6465 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 204e 6578 de: insmod, Nex\n-000339e0: 743a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 2c20 2050 t: keystatus, P\n-000339f0: 7265 763a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 2055 rev: hexdump, U\n-00033a00: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00033a10: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 commands..17.4.3\n-00033a20: 3720 696e 736d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 7 insmod.-------\n-00033a30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00033a40: 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 206d 6f64 mand: insmod mod\n-00033a50: 756c 650a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 7420 ule. Insert \n-00033a60: 7468 6520 6479 6e61 6d69 6320 4752 5542 the dynamic GRUB\n-00033a70: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 204d module called M\n-00033a80: 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ODULE.....File: \n-00033a90: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00033aa0: 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c 2020 4e65 : keystatus, Ne\n-00033ab0: 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 xt: list_env, P\n-00033ac0: 7265 763a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 rev: insmod, Up\n-00033ad0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00033ae0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3338 ommands..17.4.38\n-00033af0: 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d keystatus.-----\n-00033b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00033b10: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206b 6579 7374 - Command: keyst\n-00033b20: 6174 7573 205b 2d2d 7368 6966 745d 205b atus [--shift] [\n-00033b30: 2d2d 6374 726c 5d20 5b2d 2d61 6c74 5d0a --ctrl] [--alt].\n-00033b40: 2020 2020 2052 6574 7572 6e20 7472 7565 Return true\n-00033b50: 2069 6620 7468 6520 5368 6966 742c 2043 if the Shift, C\n-00033b60: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2c20 6f72 2041 6c74 206d ontrol, or Alt m\n-00033b70: 6f64 6966 6965 7220 6b65 7973 2061 7265 odifier keys are\n-00033b80: 2068 656c 640a 2020 2020 2064 6f77 6e2c held. down,\n-00033b90: 2061 7320 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 6279 as requested by\n-00033ba0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 6869 7320 options. This \n-00033bb0: 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2073 6372 is useful in scr\n-00033bc0: 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ipting, to. \n-00033bd0: 616c 6c6f 7720 736f 6d65 2075 7365 7220 allow some user \n-00033be0: 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 6f76 6572 2062 6568 control over beh\n-00033bf0: 6176 696f 7572 2077 6974 686f 7574 2068 aviour without h\n-00033c00: 6176 696e 6720 746f 2077 6169 7420 666f aving to wait fo\n-00033c10: 7220 610a 2020 2020 206b 6579 7072 6573 r a. keypres\n-00033c20: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 696e s... Checkin\n-00033c30: 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 2073 g key modifier s\n-00033c40: 7461 7475 7320 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 tatus is only su\n-00033c50: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 pported on some \n-00033c60: 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a20 2020 2020 platforms.. \n-00033c70: 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 686f If invoked witho\n-00033c80: 7574 2061 6e79 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 ut any options, \n-00033c90: 7468 6520 e280 986b 6579 7374 6174 7573 the ...keystatus\n-00033ca0: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7265 7475 ... command retu\n-00033cb0: 726e 730a 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 6966 rns. true if\n-00033cc0: 2061 6e64 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2063 6865 and only if che\n-00033cd0: 636b 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 cking key modifi\n-00033ce0: 6572 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2073 7570 er status is sup\n-00033cf0: 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ported.....File:\n-00033d00: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00033d10: 653a 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 e: list_env, Ne\n-00033d20: 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 xt: list_trusted\n-00033d30: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206b 6579 7374 6174 , Prev: keystat\n-00033d40: 7573 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 us, Up: Command\n-00033d50: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00033d60: 3137 2e34 2e33 3920 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 17.4.39 list_env\n-00033d70: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00033d80: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00033d90: 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 list_env [--file\n-00033da0: 2066 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 file]. List\n-00033db0: 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2069 all variables i\n-00033dc0: 6e20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e n the environmen\n-00033dd0: 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 202a t block file. *\n-00033de0: 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 456e 7669 726f Note. Enviro\n-00033df0: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a nment block::...\n-00033e00: 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 The ...--fi\n-00033e10: 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 le... option ove\n-00033e20: 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 rrides the defau\n-00033e30: 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 lt location of t\n-00033e40: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d he. environm\n-00033e50: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ent block.....Fi\n-00033e60: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00033e70: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 Node: list_trust\n-00033e80: 6564 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f61 645f ed, Next: load_\n-00033e90: 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 env, Prev: list\n-00033ea0: 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 _env, Up: Comma\n-00033eb0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00033ec0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3020 6c69 7374 5f74 ..17.4.40 list_t\n-00033ed0: 7275 7374 6564 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rusted.---------\n-00033ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00033ef0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 Command: list_t\n-00033f00: 7275 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 rusted. List\n-00033f10: 2061 6c6c 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 all public keys\n-00033f20: 2074 7275 7374 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 trusted by GRUB\n-00033f30: 2066 6f72 2076 616c 6964 6174 696e 6720 for validating \n-00033f40: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 signatures.. \n-00033f50: 2054 6865 206f 7574 7075 7420 6973 2069 The output is i\n-00033f60: 6e20 4750 4727 7320 7634 206b 6579 2066 n GPG's v4 key f\n-00033f70: 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 2066 6f72 6d61 ingerprint forma\n-00033f80: 7420 2869 2e65 2e2c 2074 6865 206f 7574 t (i.e., the out\n-00033f90: 7075 740a 2020 2020 206f 6620 e280 9867 put. of ...g\n-00033fa0: 7067 202d 2d66 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 pg --fingerprint\n-00033fb0: e280 9929 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6561 7374 ...). The least\n-00033fc0: 2073 6967 6e69 6669 6361 6e74 2066 6f75 significant fou\n-00033fd0: 7220 6279 7465 7320 286c 6173 740a 2020 r bytes (last. \n-00033fe0: 2020 2065 6967 6874 2068 6578 6164 6563 eight hexadec\n-00033ff0: 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 2063 616e imal digits) can\n-00034000: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 616e 2061 be used as an a\n-00034010: 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6469 rgument to ...di\n-00034020: 7374 7275 7374 e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 strust.... (\n-00034030: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a *note distrust::\n-00034040: 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 ). *Note Using \n-00034050: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n-00034060: 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 es::, for more. \n-00034070: 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 information \n-00034080: 6162 6f75 7420 7573 6573 2066 6f72 2074 about uses for t\n-00034090: 6865 7365 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 hese keys.....Fi\n-000340a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000340b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 Node: load_env, \n-000340c0: 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c Next: loadfont,\n-000340d0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 Prev: list_tru\n-000340e0: 7374 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 sted, Up: Comma\n-000340f0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00034100: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3120 6c6f 6164 5f65 ..17.4.41 load_e\n-00034110: 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nv.-------------\n-00034120: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00034130: 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 : load_env [--fi\n-00034140: 6c65 2066 696c 655d 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 le file] [--skip\n-00034150: 2d73 6967 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 -sig]. \n-00034160: 5b77 6869 7465 6c69 7374 6564 5f76 6172 [whitelisted_var\n-00034170: 6961 626c 655f 6e61 6d65 5d20 2e2e 2e0a iable_name] ....\n-00034180: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 616c 6c20 7661 Load all va\n-00034190: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 riables from the\n-000341a0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n-000341b0: 636b 2066 696c 6520 696e 746f 2074 6865 ck file into the\n-000341c0: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e . environmen\n-000341d0: 742e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f t. *Note Enviro\n-000341e0: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a nment block::...\n-000341f0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 The ...--fi\n-00034200: 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 le... option ove\n-00034210: 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 rrides the defau\n-00034220: 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 lt location of t\n-00034230: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d he. environm\n-00034240: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 ent block... \n-00034250: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 The ...--skip-s\n-00034260: 6967 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 6b69 ig... option ski\n-00034270: 7073 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2063 6865 ps signature che\n-00034280: 636b 696e 6720 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 cking even when \n-00034290: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 206f the. value o\n-000342a0: 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 f environment va\n-000342b0: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f riable ...check_\n-000342c0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 signatures... is\n-000342d0: 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 set to. ...\n-000342e0: 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 enforce... (*not\n-000342f0: 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 e check_signatur\n-00034300: 6573 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 es::)... If \n-00034310: 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 7661 7269 one or more vari\n-00034320: 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2061 7265 2070 able names are p\n-00034330: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6173 2061 7267 756d rovided as argum\n-00034340: 656e 7473 2c20 7468 6579 2061 7265 0a20 ents, they are. \n-00034350: 2020 2020 696e 7465 7270 7265 7465 6420 interpreted \n-00034360: 6173 2061 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 206f as a whitelist o\n-00034370: 6620 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 746f 206c f variables to l\n-00034380: 6f61 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 oad from the. \n-00034390: 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c environment bl\n-000343a0: 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 2056 6172 6961 ock file. Varia\n-000343b0: 626c 6573 2073 6574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 bles set in the \n-000343c0: 6669 6c65 2062 7574 206e 6f74 2070 7265 file but not pre\n-000343d0: 7365 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 sent. in the\n-000343e0: 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2061 7265 2069 whitelist are i\n-000343f0: 676e 6f72 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 gnored... Th\n-00034400: 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 e ...--skip-sig.\n-00034410: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7368 6f75 6c64 .. option should\n-00034420: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 6361 be used with ca\n-00034430: 7265 2c20 616e 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 2061 re, and should a\n-00034440: 6c77 6179 730a 2020 2020 2062 6520 7573 lways. be us\n-00034450: 6564 2069 6e20 636f 6e63 6572 7420 7769 ed in concert wi\n-00034460: 7468 2061 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 206f th a whitelist o\n-00034470: 6620 6163 6365 7074 6162 6c65 2076 6172 f acceptable var\n-00034480: 6961 626c 6573 2077 686f 7365 0a20 2020 iables whose. \n-00034490: 2020 7661 6c75 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 values should \n-000344a0: 6265 2073 6574 2e20 2046 6169 6c75 7265 be set. Failure\n-000344b0: 2074 6f20 656d 706c 6f79 2061 2063 6172 to employ a car\n-000344c0: 6566 756c 6c79 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 efully construct\n-000344d0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6974 656c 6973 ed. whitelis\n-000344e0: 7420 636f 756c 6420 7265 7375 6c74 2069 t could result i\n-000344f0: 6e20 7265 6164 696e 6720 6120 6d61 6c69 n reading a mali\n-00034500: 6369 6f75 7320 7661 6c75 6520 696e 746f cious value into\n-00034510: 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2065 critical. e\n-00034520: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00034530: 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6669 bles from the fi\n-00034540: 6c65 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 7365 7474 le, such as sett\n-00034550: 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6368 6563 ing. ...chec\n-00034560: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3d6e 6fe2 k_signatures=no.\n-00034570: 8099 2c20 6d6f 6469 6679 696e 6720 e280 .., modifying ..\n-00034580: 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2074 6f20 626f .prefix... to bo\n-00034590: 6f74 2066 726f 6d20 616e 0a20 2020 2020 ot from an. \n-000345a0: 756e 6578 7065 6374 6564 206c 6f63 6174 unexpected locat\n-000345b0: 696f 6e20 6f72 206e 6f74 2061 7420 616c ion or not at al\n-000345c0: 6c2c 2065 7463 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 l, etc... Wh\n-000345d0: 656e 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 2063 6172 en used with car\n-000345e0: 652c 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e, ...--skip-sig\n-000345f0: e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7768 6974 ... and the whit\n-00034600: 656c 6973 7420 656e 6162 6c65 2061 6e0a elist enable an.\n-00034610: 2020 2020 2061 646d 696e 6973 7472 6174 administrat\n-00034620: 6f72 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 or to configure \n-00034630: 6120 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 a system to boot\n-00034640: 206f 6e6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 0a20 2020 only signed. \n-00034650: 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 configurations\n-00034660: 2c20 6275 7420 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2074 , but to allow t\n-00034670: 6865 2075 7365 7220 746f 2073 656c 6563 he user to selec\n-00034680: 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 6d6f 6e67 206d 756c t from among mul\n-00034690: 7469 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 tiple. confi\n-000346a0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2061 6e64 2074 gurations, and t\n-000346b0: 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2022 6f6e 652d 7368 o enable \"one-sh\n-000346c0: 6f74 2220 626f 6f74 2061 7474 656d 7074 ot\" boot attempt\n-000346d0: 7320 616e 640a 2020 2020 2022 7361 7665 s and. \"save\n-000346e0: 6465 6661 756c 7422 2062 6568 6176 696f default\" behavio\n-000346f0: 722e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 r. *Note Using \n-00034700: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n-00034710: 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 es::, for more. \n-00034720: 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e information.\n-00034730: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00034740: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 nfo, Node: load\n-00034750: 666f 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f6f font, Next: loo\n-00034760: 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f pback, Prev: lo\n-00034770: 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d ad_env, Up: Com\n-00034780: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00034790: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3220 6c6f 6164 ds..17.4.42 load\n-000347a0: 666f 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d font.-----------\n-000347b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-000347c0: 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2066 696c nd: loadfont fil\n-000347d0: 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 e .... Load \n-000347e0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 666f 6e74 2066 specified font f\n-000347f0: 696c 6573 2e20 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 6162 iles. Unless ab\n-00034800: 736f 6c75 7465 2070 6174 686e 616d 6520 solute pathname \n-00034810: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 4649 4c45 0a20 is given, FILE. \n-00034820: 2020 2020 6973 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 is assumed t\n-00034830: 6f20 6265 2069 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6f72 o be in director\n-00034840: 7920 e280 9824 7072 6566 6978 2f66 6f6e y ...$prefix/fon\n-00034850: 7473 e280 9920 7769 7468 2073 7566 6669 ts... with suffi\n-00034860: 7820 e280 982e 7066 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 x ....pf2.... \n-00034870: 2020 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f appended. *No\n-00034880: 7465 2046 6f6e 7473 3a20 5468 656d 6520 te Fonts: Theme \n-00034890: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a 1f0a file format.....\n-000348a0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000348b0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b Node: loopback\n-000348c0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 732c 2020 5072 , Next: ls, Pr\n-000348d0: 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 2055 ev: loadfont, U\n-000348e0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-000348f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 commands..17.4.4\n-00034900: 3320 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 3 loopback.-----\n-00034910: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00034920: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 Command: loopba\n-00034930: 636b 205b 2d64 5d20 5b2d 445d 2064 6576 ck [-d] [-D] dev\n-00034940: 6963 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 ice file. Ma\n-00034950: 6b65 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 ke the device na\n-00034960: 6d65 6420 4445 5649 4345 2063 6f72 7265 med DEVICE corre\n-00034970: 7370 6f6e 6420 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e spond to the con\n-00034980: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 tents of the. \n-00034990: 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 filesystem ima\n-000349a0: 6765 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 2046 6f72 ge in FILE. For\n-000349b0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 example:.. \n-000349c0: 2020 2020 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6c6f loopback lo\n-000349d0: 6f70 3020 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f69 6d61 op0 /path/to/ima\n-000349e0: 6765 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 7320 ge. ls \n-000349f0: 286c 6f6f 7030 292f 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 (loop0)/.. S\n-00034a00: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 pecifying the ..\n-00034a10: 982d 44e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 616c .-D... option al\n-00034a20: 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 lows the loopbac\n-00034a30: 6b20 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 k file to be. \n-00034a40: 2020 7472 616e 7061 7265 6e74 6c79 2064 tranparently d\n-00034a50: 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6420 6966 2074 ecompressed if t\n-00034a60: 6865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2061 7070 726f here is an appro\n-00034a70: 7072 6961 7465 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 priate decompres\n-00034a80: 736f 720a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6465 642e sor. loaded.\n-00034a90: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 .. With the \n-00034aa0: e280 982d 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c ...-d... option,\n-00034ab0: 2064 656c 6574 6520 6120 6465 7669 6365 delete a device\n-00034ac0: 2070 7265 7669 6f75 736c 7920 6372 6561 previously crea\n-00034ad0: 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 0a20 ted using this. \n-00034ae0: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 1f0a command.....\n-00034af0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00034b00: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 Node: ls, Nex\n-00034b10: 743a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 2050 7265 t: lsfonts, Pre\n-00034b20: 763a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 5570 v: loopback, Up\n-00034b30: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00034b40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3434 ommands..17.4.44\n-00034b50: 206c 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a ls.----------..\n-00034b60: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 7320 -- Command: ls \n-00034b70: 5b61 7267 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c [arg ...]. L\n-00034b80: 6973 7420 6465 7669 6365 7320 6f72 2066 ist devices or f\n-00034b90: 696c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 iles... With\n-00034ba0: 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2070 no arguments, p\n-00034bb0: 7269 6e74 2061 6c6c 2064 6576 6963 6573 rint all devices\n-00034bc0: 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a known to GRUB..\n-00034bd0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 . If the arg\n-00034be0: 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 2064 6576 6963 ument is a devic\n-00034bf0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 e name enclosed \n-00034c00: 696e 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 2028 in parentheses (\n-00034c10: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2044 6576 6963 *note. Devic\n-00034c20: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 e syntax::), the\n-00034c30: 6e20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 n print the name\n-00034c40: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 of the filesyst\n-00034c50: 656d 206f 6620 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 em of that. \n-00034c60: 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 device... If\n-00034c70: 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 the argument is\n-00034c80: 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2067 6976 a directory giv\n-00034c90: 656e 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 en as an absolut\n-00034ca0: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 e file name. \n-00034cb0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d (*note File nam\n-00034cc0: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 e syntax::), the\n-00034cd0: 6e20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 n list the conte\n-00034ce0: 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 nts of that. \n-00034cf0: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 directory.....F\n-00034d00: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00034d10: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 Node: lsfonts, \n-00034d20: 204e 6578 743a 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 2050 Next: lsmod, P\n-00034d30: 7265 763a 206c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f rev: ls, Up: Co\n-00034d40: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00034d50: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3435 206c 7366 nds..17.4.45 lsf\n-00034d60: 6f6e 7473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d onts.-----------\n-00034d70: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00034d80: 643a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 d: lsfonts. \n-00034d90: 4c69 7374 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 List loaded font\n-00034da0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-00034db0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 .info, Node: ls\n-00034dc0: 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d64 3573 mod, Next: md5s\n-00034dd0: 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 7366 6f6e um, Prev: lsfon\n-00034de0: 7473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ts, Up: Command\n-00034df0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00034e00: 3137 2e34 2e34 3620 6c73 6d6f 640a 2d2d 17.4.46 lsmod.--\n-00034e10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00034e20: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 6d6f 640a Command: lsmod.\n-00034e30: 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 6c69 7374 206f Show list o\n-00034e40: 6620 6c6f 6164 6564 206d 6f64 756c 6573 f loaded modules\n-00034e50: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00034e60: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 6435 info, Node: md5\n-00034e70: 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d6f 6475 sum, Next: modu\n-00034e80: 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 736d 6f64 le, Prev: lsmod\n-00034e90: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00034ea0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00034eb0: 2e34 2e34 3720 6d64 3573 756d 0a2d 2d2d .4.47 md5sum.---\n-00034ec0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00034ed0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d64 3573 756d Command: md5sum\n-00034ee0: 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c arg .... Al\n-00034ef0: 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 ias for ...hashs\n-00034f00: 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6d64 3520 6172 um --hash md5 ar\n-00034f10: 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 g ....... See c\n-00034f20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 ommand ...hashsu\n-00034f30: 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 m.... (*note\n-00034f40: 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 hashsum::) for \n-00034f50: 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e full description\n-00034f60: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00034f70: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 6f64 info, Node: mod\n-00034f80: 756c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d75 6c74 ule, Next: mult\n-00034f90: 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d64 iboot, Prev: md\n-00034fa0: 3573 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 5sum, Up: Comma\n-00034fb0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00034fc0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3820 6d6f 6475 6c65 ..17.4.48 module\n-00034fd0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n-00034fe0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d6f . -- Command: mo\n-00034ff0: 6475 6c65 205b 2d2d 6e6f 756e 7a69 705d dule [--nounzip]\n-00035000: 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e 7473 file [arguments\n-00035010: 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d6f ]. Load a mo\n-00035020: 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 626f dule for multibo\n-00035030: 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652e ot kernel image.\n-00035040: 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 The rest of th\n-00035050: 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 e line is. p\n-00035060: 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 assed verbatim a\n-00035070: 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d s the module com\n-00035080: 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 mand line.....Fi\n-00035090: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000350a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c Node: multiboot,\n-000350b0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 Next: nativedi\n-000350c0: 736b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 6f64 756c sk, Prev: modul\n-000350d0: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d e, Up: Command-\n-000350e0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-000350f0: 372e 342e 3439 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 7.4.49 multiboot\n-00035100: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00035110: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00035120: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 205b 2d2d 7175 multiboot [--qu\n-00035130: 6972 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c 7564 6765 5d0a irk-bad-kludge].\n-00035140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d71 7569 [--qui\n-00035150: 726b 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 2d61 6674 6572 rk-modules-after\n-00035160: 2d6b 6572 6e65 6c5d 2066 696c 6520 2e2e -kernel] file ..\n-00035170: 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 .. Load a mu\n-00035180: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 ltiboot kernel i\n-00035190: 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 mage from FILE. \n-000351a0: 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 The rest of the\n-000351b0: 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 line is. pa\n-000351c0: 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 ssed verbatim as\n-000351d0: 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 the ...kernel c\n-000351e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 ommand-line.... \n-000351f0: 2041 6e79 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6d75 7374 Any module must\n-00035200: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6f61 6465 be. reloade\n-00035210: 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 d after using th\n-00035220: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 is command (*not\n-00035230: 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 e module::)... \n-00035240: 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c 7320 Some kernels \n-00035250: 6861 7665 206b 6e6f 776e 2070 726f 626c have known probl\n-00035260: 656d 732e 2020 596f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 ems. You need t\n-00035270: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 2d71 7569 726b o specify -quirk\n-00035280: 2d2a 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6f73 -* for. thos\n-00035290: 652e 2020 2d71 7569 726b 2d62 6164 2d6b e. -quirk-bad-k\n-000352a0: 6c75 6467 6520 6973 2061 2070 726f 626c ludge is a probl\n-000352b0: 656d 2073 6565 6e20 696e 2073 6576 6572 em seen in sever\n-000352c0: 616c 2070 726f 6475 6374 730a 2020 2020 al products. \n-000352d0: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6579 2069 6e63 6c75 that they inclu\n-000352e0: 6465 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206b 6c75 6467 de loading kludg\n-000352f0: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7769 e information wi\n-00035300: 7468 2069 6e76 616c 6964 2064 6174 6120 th invalid data \n-00035310: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 454c 4620 6669 6c65 in. ELF file\n-00035320: 2e20 2047 5255 4220 7072 696f 7220 746f . GRUB prior to\n-00035330: 2030 2e39 3720 616e 6420 736f 6d65 2063 0.97 and some c\n-00035340: 7573 746f 6d20 6275 696c 6473 2070 7265 ustom builds pre\n-00035350: 6665 7272 6564 2045 4c46 0a20 2020 2020 ferred ELF. \n-00035360: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7768 696c information whil\n-00035370: 6520 302e 3937 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 e 0.97 and GRUB \n-00035380: 3220 7573 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 2055 2 use kludge. U\n-00035390: 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 se this option t\n-000353a0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2069 676e 6f72 6520 6b6c o. ignore kl\n-000353b0: 7564 6765 2e20 204b 6e6f 776e 2061 6666 udge. Known aff\n-000353c0: 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a 206f ected systems: o\n-000353d0: 6c64 2053 6f6c 6172 6973 2c20 536b 794f ld Solaris, SkyO\n-000353e0: 532e 0a0a 2020 2020 202d 7175 6972 6b2d S... -quirk-\n-000353f0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732d 6166 7465 722d 6b65 modules-after-ke\n-00035400: 726e 656c 2069 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2066 rnel is needed f\n-00035410: 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2077 6869 6368 or kernels which\n-00035420: 206c 6f61 6420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7265 load at. re\n-00035430: 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2068 6967 6820 6164 latively high ad\n-00035440: 6472 6573 7320 652e 672e 2020 3136 4d69 dress e.g. 16Mi\n-00035450: 4220 6d61 726b 2061 6e64 2063 616e 2774 B mark and can't\n-00035460: 2063 6f70 6520 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 cope with. \n-00035470: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7374 7566 6665 6420 modules stuffed \n-00035480: 6265 7477 6565 6e20 314d 6942 206d 6172 between 1MiB mar\n-00035490: 6b20 616e 6420 6265 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 k and beginning \n-000354a0: 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 of the kernel.. \n-000354b0: 2020 2020 4b6e 6f77 6e20 6166 6674 6563 Known afftec\n-000354c0: 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a 2056 4d57 ted systems: VMW\n-000354d0: 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 are.....File: gr\n-000354e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000354f0: 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 204e 6578 nativedisk, Nex\n-00035500: 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 t: normal, Prev\n-00035510: 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 : multiboot, Up\n-00035520: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00035530: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3530 ommands..17.4.50\n-00035540: 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d nativedisk.----\n-00035550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00035560: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6174 -- Command: nat\n-00035570: 6976 6564 6973 6b0a 2020 2020 2053 7769 ivedisk. Swi\n-00035580: 7463 6820 6672 6f6d 2066 6972 6d77 6172 tch from firmwar\n-00035590: 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7273 2074 e disk drivers t\n-000355a0: 6f20 6e61 7469 7665 206f 6e65 732e 2020 o native ones. \n-000355b0: 5265 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c0a 2020 Really useful. \n-000355c0: 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 only on platf\n-000355d0: 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2062 6f74 6820 orms where both \n-000355e0: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2061 6e64 206e 6174 firmware and nat\n-000355f0: 6976 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7320 ive disk drives \n-00035600: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 are. availab\n-00035610: 6c65 2e20 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2069 le. Currently i\n-00035620: 3338 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d65 6669 386-pc, i386-efi\n-00035630: 2c20 6933 3836 2d69 6565 6531 3237 3520 , i386-ieee1275 \n-00035640: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2078 3836 5f36 342d and. x86_64-\n-00035650: 6566 692e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 efi.....File: gr\n-00035660: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00035670: 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e normal, Next: n\n-00035680: 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 2050 7265 ormal_exit, Pre\n-00035690: 763a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 v: nativedisk, \n-000356a0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-000356b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-000356c0: 3531 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 51 normal.------\n-000356d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-000356e0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 5b66 mmand: normal [f\n-000356f0: 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 ile]. Enter \n-00035700: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 normal mode and \n-00035710: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 display the GRUB\n-00035720: 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 menu... In \n-00035730: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652c 2063 6f6d normal mode, com\n-00035740: 6d61 6e64 732c 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 mands, filesyste\n-00035750: 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2063 m modules, and c\n-00035760: 7279 7074 6f67 7261 7068 790a 2020 2020 ryptography. \n-00035770: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 2061 7574 modules are aut\n-00035780: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 omatically loade\n-00035790: 642c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c20 d, and the full \n-000357a0: 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 7061 7273 GRUB script pars\n-000357b0: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 7661 696c er. is avail\n-000357c0: 6162 6c65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 able. Other mod\n-000357d0: 756c 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 6578 706c ules may be expl\n-000357e0: 6963 6974 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 icitly loaded us\n-000357f0: 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 696e 736d ing. ...insm\n-00035800: 6f64 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 od... (*note ins\n-00035810: 6d6f 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 mod::)... If\n-00035820: 2061 2046 494c 4520 6973 2067 6976 656e a FILE is given\n-00035830: 2c20 7468 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 , then commands \n-00035840: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f will be read fro\n-00035850: 6d20 7468 6174 2066 696c 652e 0a20 2020 m that file.. \n-00035860: 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 Otherwise, the\n-00035870: 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 y will be read f\n-00035880: 726f 6d20 e280 9824 7072 6566 6978 2f67 rom ...$prefix/g\n-00035890: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 6620 6974 rub.cfg... if it\n-000358a0: 2065 7869 7374 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 exists... .\n-000358b0: 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d61 7920 ..normal... may \n-000358c0: 6265 2063 616c 6c65 6420 6672 6f6d 2077 be called from w\n-000358d0: 6974 6869 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 ithin normal mod\n-000358e0: 652c 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 6e65 e, creating a ne\n-000358f0: 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f sted. enviro\n-00035900: 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6d6f nment. It is mo\n-00035910: 7265 2075 7375 616c 2074 6f20 7573 6520 re usual to use \n-00035920: e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 ...configfile...\n-00035930: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e (*note. con\n-00035940: 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 2066 6f72 2074 figfile::) for t\n-00035950: 6869 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 his.....File: gr\n-00035960: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00035970: 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 4e65 normal_exit, Ne\n-00035980: 7874 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 2050 xt: parttool, P\n-00035990: 7265 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 rev: normal, Up\n-000359a0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-000359b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3532 ommands..17.4.52\n-000359c0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 0a2d 2d2d normal_exit.---\n+00031a80: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00031a90: 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 6520 5b6d : efitextmode [m\n+00031aa0: 696e 207c 206d 6178 207c 203c 6d6f 6465 in | max | | <\n+00031ac0: 726f 7773 3e5d 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e rows>]. When\n+00031ad0: 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 used with no ar\n+00031ae0: 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7973 guments displays\n+00031af0: 2061 6c6c 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 all available t\n+00031b00: 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 2020 2020 ext output. \n+00031b10: 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 5468 6520 7365 7420 modes. The set \n+00031b20: 6d6f 6465 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 7320 mode determines \n+00031b30: 7468 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 the columns and \n+00031b40: 726f 7773 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 rows of the text\n+00031b50: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7768 . display wh\n+00031b60: 656e 2069 6e20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 652e en in text mode.\n+00031b70: 2020 416e 2061 7374 6572 6973 6b2c 20e2 An asterisk, .\n+00031b80: 8098 2ae2 8099 2c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ..*..., will be \n+00031b90: 6174 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 660a 2020 at the end of. \n+00031ba0: 2020 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2074 the line of t\n+00031bb0: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2073 6574 he currently set\n+00031bc0: 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 mode... If \n+00031bd0: 6769 7665 6e20 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2070 given a single p\n+00031be0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 2c20 6974 206d 7573 arameter, it mus\n+00031bf0: 7420 6265 20e2 8098 6d69 6ee2 8099 2c20 t be ...min..., \n+00031c00: e280 986d 6178 e280 992c 206f 7220 6120 ...max..., or a \n+00031c10: 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 mode. number\n+00031c20: 2067 6976 656e 2062 7920 7468 6520 6c69 given by the li\n+00031c30: 7374 696e 6720 7768 656e 2072 756e 2077 sting when run w\n+00031c40: 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 ith no arguments\n+00031c50: 2e20 2054 6865 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6172 . These. ar\n+00031c60: 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 7365 7420 7468 6520 guments set the \n+00031c70: 6d6f 6465 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d69 6e69 mode to the mini\n+00031c80: 6d75 6d2c 206d 6178 696d 756d 2c20 616e mum, maximum, an\n+00031c90: 6420 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 206d 6f64 d particular mod\n+00031ca0: 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 e. respectiv\n+00031cb0: 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 6572 ely... Other\n+00031cc0: 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e wise, the comman\n+00031cd0: 6420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 d must be given \n+00031ce0: 7477 6f20 6e75 6d65 7269 6361 6c20 6172 two numerical ar\n+00031cf0: 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 guments. spe\n+00031d00: 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6c75 cifying the colu\n+00031d10: 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 mns and rows of \n+00031d20: 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 6d6f 6465 the desired mode\n+00031d30: 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 610a . Specifying a.\n+00031d40: 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 columns and\n+00031d50: 2072 6f77 7320 636f 6d62 696e 6174 696f rows combinatio\n+00031d60: 6e20 7468 6174 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e n that correspon\n+00031d70: 6473 2074 6f20 6e6f 2073 7570 706f 7274 ds to no support\n+00031d80: 6564 206d 6f64 652c 0a20 2020 2020 7769 ed mode,. wi\n+00031d90: 6c6c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6572 726f 722c ll return error,\n+00031da0: 2062 7574 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2068 but otherwise h\n+00031db0: 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 742e 0a0a ave no effect...\n+00031dc0: 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 By default \n+00031dd0: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7374 6172 7420 GRUB will start \n+00031de0: 696e 2077 6861 7465 7665 7220 6d6f 6465 in whatever mode\n+00031df0: 2074 6865 2045 4649 2066 6972 6d77 6172 the EFI firmwar\n+00031e00: 650a 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 e. defaults \n+00031e10: 746f 2e20 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 2066 to. There are f\n+00031e20: 6972 6d77 6172 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 irmwares known t\n+00031e30: 6f20 7365 7420 7570 2074 6865 2064 6566 o set up the def\n+00031e40: 6175 6c74 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2073 ault mode. s\n+00031e50: 7563 6820 7468 6174 206f 7574 7075 7420 uch that output \n+00031e60: 6265 6861 7665 7320 7374 7261 6e67 656c behaves strangel\n+00031e70: 792c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 y, for example t\n+00031e80: 6865 2063 7572 736f 7220 696e 2074 6865 he cursor in the\n+00031e90: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2073 6865 6c6c . GRUB shell\n+00031ea0: 206e 6576 6572 2072 6561 6368 6573 2074 never reaches t\n+00031eb0: 6865 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 he bottom of the\n+00031ec0: 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6f72 2c20 7768 656e screen or, when\n+00031ed0: 2074 7970 696e 670a 2020 2020 2063 6861 typing. cha\n+00031ee0: 7261 6374 6572 7320 6174 2074 6865 2070 racters at the p\n+00031ef0: 726f 6d70 742c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 rompt, character\n+00031f00: 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 s from previous \n+00031f10: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 command output. \n+00031f20: 2020 2020 6172 6520 6f76 6572 7772 6974 are overwrit\n+00031f30: 7465 6e2e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 ten. Setting th\n+00031f40: 6520 6d6f 6465 206d 6179 2066 6978 2074 e mode may fix t\n+00031f50: 6869 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2045 his... The E\n+00031f60: 4649 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e FI specification\n+00031f70: 2073 6179 7320 7468 6174 206d 6f64 6520 says that mode \n+00031f80: 3020 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 0 must be availa\n+00031f90: 626c 6520 616e 6420 6861 7665 0a20 2020 ble and have. \n+00031fa0: 2020 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f columns and ro\n+00031fb0: 7773 206f 6620 3830 2061 6e64 2032 3520 ws of 80 and 25 \n+00031fc0: 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e20 204d respectively. M\n+00031fd0: 6f64 6520 3120 6d61 7920 6265 2064 6566 ode 1 may be def\n+00031fe0: 696e 6564 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6966 ined. and if\n+00031ff0: 2073 6f20 6d75 7374 2068 6176 6520 636f so must have co\n+00032000: 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f lumns and rows o\n+00032010: 6620 3830 2061 6e64 2035 3020 7265 7370 f 80 and 50 resp\n+00032020: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 ectively.. A\n+00032030: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 6573 206d ny other modes m\n+00032040: 6179 2068 6176 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 ay have columns \n+00032050: 616e 6420 726f 7773 2061 7262 6974 7261 and rows arbitra\n+00032060: 7269 6c79 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 790a rily defined by.\n+00032070: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 the firmwar\n+00032080: 652e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 e. This means t\n+00032090: 6861 7420 6120 6d6f 6465 2077 6974 6820 hat a mode with \n+000320a0: 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 columns and rows\n+000320b0: 206f 6620 3130 300a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 of 100. and\n+000320c0: 2033 3120 6f6e 206f 6e65 2066 6972 6d77 31 on one firmw\n+000320d0: 6172 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2064 6966 are may be a dif\n+000320e0: 6665 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 6d62 ferent mode numb\n+000320f0: 6572 206f 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2064 6966 er on a. dif\n+00032100: 6665 7265 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 ferent firmware \n+00032110: 6f72 206e 6f74 2065 7869 7374 2061 7420 or not exist at \n+00032120: 616c 6c2e 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 all. Likewise, \n+00032130: 6d6f 6465 206e 756d 6265 7220 3220 6f6e mode number 2 on\n+00032140: 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6520 6669 726d 7761 . one firmwa\n+00032150: 7265 206d 6179 2068 6176 6520 6120 6469 re may have a di\n+00032160: 6666 6572 656e 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 206f fferent number o\n+00032170: 6620 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f f columns and ro\n+00032180: 7773 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 ws than. mod\n+00032190: 6520 3220 6f6e 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 e 2 on a differe\n+000321a0: 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 536f nt firmware. So\n+000321b0: 206f 6e65 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 one should not \n+000321c0: 7265 6c79 206f 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2070 rely on a. p\n+000321d0: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6d6f 6465 206e articular mode n\n+000321e0: 756d 6265 7220 6f72 2061 206d 6f64 6520 umber or a mode \n+000321f0: 6f66 2061 2063 6572 7461 696e 206e 756d of a certain num\n+00032200: 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 ber of columns a\n+00032210: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 726f 7773 2065 7869 nd. rows exi\n+00032220: 7374 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 6c6c 2066 6972 sting on all fir\n+00032230: 6d77 6172 6573 2c20 6578 6365 7074 2066 mwares, except f\n+00032240: 6f72 206d 6f64 6520 302e 0a0a 2020 2020 or mode 0... \n+00032250: 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d Note: This comm\n+00032260: 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 and is only avai\n+00032270: 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2045 4649 2070 6c61 lable on EFI pla\n+00032280: 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 6e64 2069 730a 2020 tforms and is. \n+00032290: 2020 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 4546 similar to EF\n+000322a0: 4920 7368 656c 6c20 226d 6f64 6522 2063 I shell \"mode\" c\n+000322b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ommand.....File:\n+000322c0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000322d0: 653a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: eval, Next: \n+000322e0: 6578 706f 7274 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 export, Prev: e\n+000322f0: 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 2055 703a fitextmode, Up:\n+00032300: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00032310: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3620 mmands..17.4.26 \n+00032320: 6576 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eval.-----------\n+00032330: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00032340: 6576 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 2e2e 2e0a eval string ....\n+00032350: 2020 2020 2043 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 7465 Concatenate\n+00032360: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f67 6574 arguments toget\n+00032370: 6865 7220 7573 696e 6720 7369 6e67 6c65 her using single\n+00032380: 2073 7061 6365 2061 7320 7365 7061 7261 space as separa\n+00032390: 746f 7220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7661 tor and. eva\n+000323a0: 6c75 6174 6520 7265 7375 6c74 2061 7320 luate result as \n+000323b0: 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 4752 5542 sequence of GRUB\n+000323c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 commands.....Fi\n+000323d0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000323e0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 204e Node: export, N\n+000323f0: 6578 743a 2066 616c 7365 2c20 2050 7265 ext: false, Pre\n+00032400: 763a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: eval, Up: Co\n+00032410: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00032420: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3237 2065 7870 nds..17.4.27 exp\n+00032430: 6f72 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ort.------------\n+00032440: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00032450: 2065 7870 6f72 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 export envvar. \n+00032460: 2020 2020 4578 706f 7274 2074 6865 2065 Export the e\n+00032470: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00032480: 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 2e20 2045 7870 ble ENVVAR. Exp\n+00032490: 6f72 7465 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 orted variables \n+000324a0: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2076 6973 6962 6c65 are. visible\n+000324b0: 2074 6f20 7375 6273 6964 6961 7279 2063 to subsidiary c\n+000324c0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+000324d0: 6573 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e 670a es loaded using.\n+000324e0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 ...configfi\n+000324f0: 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 le........File: \n+00032500: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00032510: 3a20 6661 6c73 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : false, Next: \n+00032520: 6677 7365 7475 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 fwsetup, Prev: \n+00032530: 6578 706f 7274 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d export, Up: Com\n+00032540: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00032550: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3820 6661 6c73 ds..17.4.28 fals\n+00032560: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a e.-------------.\n+00032570: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6661 . -- Command: fa\n+00032580: 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 lse. Do noth\n+00032590: 696e 672c 2075 6e73 7563 6365 7373 6675 ing, unsuccessfu\n+000325a0: 6c6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 lly. This is ma\n+000325b0: 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 inly useful in c\n+000325c0: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 ontrol. cons\n+000325d0: 7472 7563 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 tructs such as .\n+000325e0: 8098 6966 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9877 ..if... and ...w\n+000325f0: 6869 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 hile... (*note S\n+00032600: 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 hell-like script\n+00032610: 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ing::).....File:\n+00032620: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00032630: 653a 2066 7773 6574 7570 2c20 204e 6578 e: fwsetup, Nex\n+00032640: 743a 2067 6462 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 t: gdbinfo, Pre\n+00032650: 763a 2066 616c 7365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 v: false, Up: C\n+00032660: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00032670: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3920 6677 ands..17.4.29 fw\n+00032680: 7365 7475 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d setup.----------\n+00032690: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+000326a0: 6e64 3a20 6677 7365 7475 7020 5b2d 2d69 nd: fwsetup [--i\n+000326b0: 732d 7375 7070 6f72 7465 645d 0a20 2020 s-supported]. \n+000326c0: 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 Reboot into th\n+000326d0: 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 6574 7570 e firmware setup\n+000326e0: 206d 656e 752e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 2d2d menu. If ...--\n+000326f0: 6973 2d73 7570 706f 7274 6564 e280 9920 is-supported... \n+00032700: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 option is. s\n+00032710: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 696e 7374 6561 pecified, instea\n+00032720: 6420 6368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 7220 d check whether \n+00032730: 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7570 the firmware sup\n+00032740: 706f 7274 7320 6120 7365 7475 7020 6d65 ports a setup me\n+00032750: 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6578 6974 nu. and exit\n+00032760: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 successfully if\n+00032770: 2073 6f2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 so.....File: gr\n+00032780: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00032790: 6764 6269 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 gdbinfo, Next: \n+000327a0: 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 gettext, Prev: \n+000327b0: 6677 7365 7475 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f fwsetup, Up: Co\n+000327c0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+000327d0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3330 2067 6462 nds..17.4.30 gdb\n+000327e0: 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d info.-----------\n+000327f0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00032800: 643a 2067 6462 696e 666f 0a20 2020 2020 d: gdbinfo. \n+00032810: 4f75 7470 7574 2074 6578 7420 746f 2062 Output text to b\n+00032820: 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 6120 4744 4220 e used as a GDB \n+00032830: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 666f 7220 6120 4744 command for a GD\n+00032840: 4220 7365 7373 696f 6e20 7573 696e 6720 B session using \n+00032850: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2067 6462 5f67 7275 the. gdb_gru\n+00032860: 6220 7363 7269 7074 2061 6e64 2061 7474 b script and att\n+00032870: 6163 6865 6420 746f 2061 2072 756e 6e69 ached to a runni\n+00032880: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 616e 6365 ng GRUB instance\n+00032890: 2e20 2054 6865 2047 4442 0a20 2020 2020 . The GDB. \n+000328a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7468 6174 2069 7320 command that is \n+000328b0: 6f75 7470 7574 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c output will tell\n+000328c0: 2047 4442 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 GDB how to load\n+000328d0: 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2073 796d 626f debugging symbo\n+000328e0: 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 6972 ls. to their\n+000328f0: 2070 726f 7065 7220 7275 6e74 696d 6520 proper runtime \n+00032900: 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e address. Curren\n+00032910: 746c 7920 7468 6973 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 tly this is only\n+00032920: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 available. \n+00032930: 666f 7220 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d for EFI platform\n+00032940: 732e 2020 5365 6520 7468 6520 4465 6275 s. See the Debu\n+00032950: 6767 696e 6720 696e 2074 6865 2064 6576 gging in the dev\n+00032960: 656c 6f70 6572 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 eloper. docu\n+00032970: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f mentation for mo\n+00032980: 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a re information..\n+00032990: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000329a0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6574 7465 fo, Node: gette\n+000329b0: 7874 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 7074 7379 xt, Next: gptsy\n+000329c0: 6e63 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6462 696e nc, Prev: gdbin\n+000329d0: 666f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 fo, Up: Command\n+000329e0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+000329f0: 3137 2e34 2e33 3120 6765 7474 6578 740a 17.4.31 gettext.\n+00032a00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00032a10: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6765 . -- Command: ge\n+00032a20: 7474 6578 7420 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 ttext string. \n+00032a30: 2020 5472 616e 736c 6174 6520 5354 5249 Translate STRI\n+00032a40: 4e47 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6375 7272 NG into the curr\n+00032a50: 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 ent language... \n+00032a60: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 The current \n+00032a70: 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6f64 6520 6973 language code is\n+00032a80: 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 2074 6865 20e2 stored in the .\n+00032a90: 8098 6c61 6e67 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 ..lang... variab\n+00032aa0: 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4227 le in. GRUB'\n+00032ab0: 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 282a s environment (*\n+00032ac0: 6e6f 7465 206c 616e 673a 3a29 2e20 2054 note lang::). T\n+00032ad0: 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 ranslation files\n+00032ae0: 2069 6e20 4d4f 2066 6f72 6d61 740a 2020 in MO format. \n+00032af0: 2020 2061 7265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d are read from\n+00032b00: 20e2 8098 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 e280 ...locale_dir..\n+00032b10: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f63 616c 655f . (*note locale_\n+00032b20: 6469 723a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 790a dir::), usually.\n+00032b30: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 .../boot/gr\n+00032b40: 7562 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f ub/locale.......\n+00032b50: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00032b60: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 , Node: gptsync\n+00032b70: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 616c 742c 2020 , Next: halt, \n+00032b80: 5072 6576 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 Prev: gettext, \n+00032b90: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+00032ba0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+00032bb0: 3332 2067 7074 7379 6e63 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 32 gptsync.-----\n+00032bc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00032bd0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 Command: gptsync\n+00032be0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 5b70 6172 7469 7469 device [partiti\n+00032bf0: 6f6e 5b2b 2f2d 5b74 7970 655d 5d5d 202e on[+/-[type]]] .\n+00032c00: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4469 736b 7320 7573 ... Disks us\n+00032c10: 696e 6720 7468 6520 4755 4944 2050 6172 ing the GUID Par\n+00032c20: 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 tition Table (GP\n+00032c30: 5429 2061 6c73 6f20 6861 7665 2061 206c T) also have a l\n+00032c40: 6567 6163 790a 2020 2020 204d 6173 7465 egacy. Maste\n+00032c50: 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d r Boot Record (M\n+00032c60: 4252 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 BR) partition ta\n+00032c70: 626c 6520 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 6962 ble for compatib\n+00032c80: 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a20 ility with the. \n+00032c90: 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2077 6974 BIOS and wit\n+00032ca0: 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e h older operatin\n+00032cb0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 5468 6520 g systems. The \n+00032cc0: 6c65 6761 6379 204d 4252 2063 616e 206f legacy MBR can o\n+00032cd0: 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2072 6570 7265 7365 nly. represe\n+00032ce0: 6e74 2061 206c 696d 6974 6564 2073 7562 nt a limited sub\n+00032cf0: 7365 7420 6f66 2047 5054 2070 6172 7469 set of GPT parti\n+00032d00: 7469 6f6e 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 tion entries... \n+00032d10: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 This command\n+00032d20: 2070 6f70 756c 6174 6573 2074 6865 206c populates the l\n+00032d30: 6567 6163 7920 4d42 5220 7769 7468 2074 egacy MBR with t\n+00032d40: 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2050 4152 he specified PAR\n+00032d50: 5449 5449 4f4e 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 TITION. entr\n+00032d60: 6965 7320 6f6e 2044 4556 4943 452e 2020 ies on DEVICE. \n+00032d70: 5570 2074 6f20 7468 7265 6520 7061 7274 Up to three part\n+00032d80: 6974 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 itions may be us\n+00032d90: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5459 5045 2069 ed... TYPE i\n+00032da0: 7320 616e 204d 4252 2070 6172 7469 7469 s an MBR partiti\n+00032db0: 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 3b20 7072 on type code; pr\n+00032dc0: 6566 6978 2077 6974 6820 e280 9830 78e2 efix with ...0x.\n+00032dd0: 8099 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 .. if you want t\n+00032de0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6572 2074 6869 o. enter thi\n+00032df0: 7320 696e 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c s in hexadecimal\n+00032e00: 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 . The separator\n+00032e10: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2050 4152 5449 5449 between PARTITI\n+00032e20: 4f4e 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 5459 5045 ON and. TYPE\n+00032e30: 206d 6179 2062 6520 e280 982b e280 9920 may be ...+... \n+00032e40: 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 to make the part\n+00032e50: 6974 696f 6e20 6163 7469 7665 2c20 6f72 ition active, or\n+00032e60: 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 ...-... to make\n+00032e70: 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e61 6374 6976 it. inactiv\n+00032e80: 653b 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 e; only one part\n+00032e90: 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2061 6374 ition may be act\n+00032ea0: 6976 652e 2020 4966 2062 6f74 6820 7468 ive. If both th\n+00032eb0: 6520 7365 7061 7261 746f 720a 2020 2020 e separator. \n+00032ec0: 2061 6e64 2074 7970 6520 6172 6520 6f6d and type are om\n+00032ed0: 6974 7465 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 itted, then the \n+00032ee0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 partition will b\n+00032ef0: 6520 696e 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 e inactive.....F\n+00032f00: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00032f10: 204e 6f64 653a 2068 616c 742c 2020 4e65 Node: halt, Ne\n+00032f20: 7874 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 xt: hashsum, Pr\n+00032f30: 6576 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 5570 ev: gptsync, Up\n+00032f40: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00032f50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3333 ommands..17.4.33\n+00032f60: 2068 616c 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d halt.----------\n+00032f70: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00032f80: 2068 616c 7420 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6170 6d5d halt [--no-apm]\n+00032f90: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e . The comman\n+00032fa0: 6420 6861 6c74 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d70 d halts the comp\n+00032fb0: 7574 6572 2e20 204f 6e20 7468 6520 6933 uter. On the i3\n+00032fc0: 3836 2d70 6320 7461 7267 6574 2c20 7468 86-pc target, th\n+00032fd0: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 e. ...--no-a\n+00032fe0: 706d e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 pm... option, or\n+00032ff0: 2073 686f 7274 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 992c short ...-n...,\n+00033000: 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 206e is specified, n\n+00033010: 6f20 4150 4d20 4249 4f53 2063 616c 6c20 o APM BIOS call \n+00033020: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7065 7266 6f72 6d65 is. performe\n+00033030: 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 d. Otherwise, t\n+00033040: 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 6973 2073 he computer is s\n+00033050: 6875 7420 646f 776e 2075 7369 6e67 2041 hut down using A\n+00033060: 504d 206f 6e20 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 PM on that. \n+00033070: 7461 7267 6574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a target.....File:\n+00033080: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00033090: 653a 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 204e 6578 e: hashsum, Nex\n+000330a0: 743a 2068 656c 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: help, Prev: \n+000330b0: 6861 6c74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 halt, Up: Comma\n+000330c0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+000330d0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3420 6861 7368 7375 ..17.4.34 hashsu\n+000330e0: 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d m.--------------\n+000330f0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00033100: 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2068 hashsum --hash h\n+00033110: 6173 6820 2d2d 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 6e67 ash --keep-going\n+00033120: 202d 2d75 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 2d2d --uncompress --\n+00033130: 6368 6563 6b20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 check file. \n+00033140: 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 2064 [--prefix d\n+00033150: 6972 5d7c 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 ir]|file .... \n+00033160: 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2076 6572 Compute or ver\n+00033170: 6966 7920 6669 6c65 2068 6173 6865 732e ify file hashes.\n+00033180: 2020 4861 7368 2074 7970 6520 6973 2073 Hash type is s\n+00033190: 656c 6563 7465 6420 7769 7468 206f 7074 elected with opt\n+000331a0: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6861 ion. ...--ha\n+000331b0: 7368 e280 992e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 sh.... Supporte\n+000331c0: 6420 6861 7368 6573 2061 7265 3a20 e280 d hashes are: ..\n+000331d0: 9861 646c 6572 3332 e280 992c 20e2 8098 .adler32..., ...\n+000331e0: 6372 6336 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 7263 crc64..., ...crc\n+000331f0: 3332 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 32...,. ...c\n+00033200: 7263 3332 7266 6331 3531 30e2 8099 2c20 rc32rfc1510..., \n+00033210: e280 9863 7263 3234 7266 6332 3434 30e2 ...crc24rfc2440.\n+00033220: 8099 2c20 e280 986d 6434 e280 992c 20e2 .., ...md4..., .\n+00033230: 8098 6d64 35e2 8099 2c20 e280 9872 6970 ..md5..., ...rip\n+00033240: 656d 6431 3630 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7368 emd160..., ...sh\n+00033250: 6131 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 a1...,. ...s\n+00033260: 6861 3232 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 ha224..., ...sha\n+00033270: 3235 36e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3531 256..., ...sha51\n+00033280: 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3338 34e2 2..., ...sha384.\n+00033290: 8099 2c20 e280 9874 6967 6572 3139 32e2 .., ...tiger192.\n+000332a0: 8099 2c20 e280 9874 6967 6572 e280 992c .., ...tiger...,\n+000332b0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9874 6967 6572 32e2 . ...tiger2.\n+000332c0: 8099 2c20 e280 9877 6869 726c 706f 6f6c .., ...whirlpool\n+000332d0: e280 992e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 .... Option ...\n+000332e0: 2d2d 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 e280 9920 --uncompress... \n+000332f0: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6573 2066 696c uncompresses fil\n+00033300: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6265 666f 7265 2063 es. before c\n+00033310: 6f6d 7075 7469 6e67 2068 6173 682e 0a0a omputing hash...\n+00033320: 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 206f When list o\n+00033330: 6620 6669 6c65 7320 6973 2067 6976 656e f files is given\n+00033340: 2c20 6861 7368 206f 6620 6561 6368 2066 , hash of each f\n+00033350: 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 6420 ile is computed \n+00033360: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 and. printed\n+00033370: 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6669 , followed by fi\n+00033380: 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2065 6163 6820 6669 le name, each fi\n+00033390: 6c65 206f 6e20 6120 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 le on a new line\n+000333a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 206f 7074 ... When opt\n+000333b0: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d63 6865 636b e280 ion ...--check..\n+000333c0: 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 2070 . is given, it p\n+000333d0: 6f69 6e74 7320 746f 2061 2066 696c 6520 oints to a file \n+000333e0: 7468 6174 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 730a 2020 that contains. \n+000333f0: 2020 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2048 4153 4820 list of HASH \n+00033400: 4e41 4d45 2070 6169 7273 2069 6e20 7468 NAME pairs in th\n+00033410: 6520 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6173 e same format as\n+00033420: 2075 7365 6420 6279 2055 4e49 5820 e280 used by UNIX ..\n+00033430: 986d 6435 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .md5sum.... \n+00033440: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e command. Option\n+00033450: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 ...--prefix... \n+00033460: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 may be used to g\n+00033470: 6976 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 ive directory wh\n+00033480: 6572 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 2061 ere. files a\n+00033490: 7265 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2e20 2048 6173 re located. Has\n+000334a0: 6820 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 h verification s\n+000334b0: 746f 7073 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 2066 tops after the f\n+000334c0: 6972 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6d69 736d 6174 irst. mismat\n+000334d0: 6368 2077 6173 2066 6f75 6e64 2075 6e6c ch was found unl\n+000334e0: 6573 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d ess option ...--\n+000334f0: 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 6e67 e280 9920 7761 keep-going... wa\n+00033500: 7320 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 5468 650a 2020 s given. The. \n+00033510: 2020 2065 7869 7420 636f 6465 20e2 8098 exit code ...\n+00033520: 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 $?... is set to \n+00033530: 3020 6966 2068 6173 6820 7665 7269 6669 0 if hash verifi\n+00033540: 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 6363 6573 cation is succes\n+00033550: 7366 756c 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 2069 sful. If. i\n+00033560: 7420 6661 696c 732c 20e2 8098 243f e280 t fails, ...$?..\n+00033570: 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f . is set to a no\n+00033580: 6e7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 1f0a nzero value.....\n+00033590: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000335a0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 204e Node: help, N\n+000335b0: 6578 743a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 2050 ext: hexdump, P\n+000335c0: 7265 763a 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 2055 rev: hashsum, U\n+000335d0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+000335e0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 commands..17.4.3\n+000335f0: 3520 6865 6c70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 5 help.---------\n+00033600: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00033610: 3a20 6865 6c70 205b 7061 7474 6572 6e20 : help [pattern \n+00033620: 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 ...]. Displa\n+00033630: 7920 6865 6c70 6675 6c20 696e 666f 726d y helpful inform\n+00033640: 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 6275 696c ation about buil\n+00033650: 7469 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 2049 tin commands. I\n+00033660: 6620 796f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 f you do not. \n+00033670: 2020 7370 6563 6966 7920 5041 5454 4552 specify PATTER\n+00033680: 4e2c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 N, this command \n+00033690: 7368 6f77 7320 7368 6f72 7420 6465 7363 shows short desc\n+000336a0: 7269 7074 696f 6e73 206f 6620 616c 6c0a riptions of all.\n+000336b0: 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 available c\n+000336c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 ommands... I\n+000336d0: 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 616e f you specify an\n+000336e0: 7920 5041 5454 4552 4e53 2c20 6974 2064 y PATTERNS, it d\n+000336f0: 6973 706c 6179 7320 6c6f 6e67 6572 2069 isplays longer i\n+00033700: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 nformation about\n+00033710: 0a20 2020 2020 6561 6368 206f 6620 7468 . each of th\n+00033720: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 686f 7365 e commands whose\n+00033730: 206e 616d 6573 2062 6567 696e 2077 6974 names begin wit\n+00033740: 6820 7468 6f73 6520 5041 5454 4552 4e53 h those PATTERNS\n+00033750: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00033760: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 6578 info, Node: hex\n+00033770: 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e73 dump, Next: ins\n+00033780: 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6865 6c70 mod, Prev: help\n+00033790: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+000337a0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+000337b0: 2e34 2e33 3620 6865 7864 756d 700a 2d2d .4.36 hexdump.--\n+000337c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+000337d0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6865 7864 -- Command: hexd\n+000337e0: 756d 7020 5b2d 2d73 6b69 7020 6f66 6673 ump [--skip offs\n+000337f0: 6574 5d20 5b2d 2d6c 656e 6774 6820 6c65 et] [--length le\n+00033800: 6e5d 2046 494c 455f 4f52 5f44 4556 4943 n] FILE_OR_DEVIC\n+00033810: 450a 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 7261 7720 E. Show raw \n+00033820: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 6120 6669 contents of a fi\n+00033830: 6c65 206f 7220 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 2057 le or memory. W\n+00033840: 6865 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d hen option ...--\n+00033850: 736b 6970 e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 skip... is. \n+00033860: 6769 7665 6e2c 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 6574 given, ...offset\n+00033870: e280 9920 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6279 ... number of by\n+00033880: 7465 7320 6172 6520 736b 6970 7065 6420 tes are skipped \n+00033890: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f from the start o\n+000338a0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 f the. devic\n+000338b0: 6520 6f72 2066 696c 6520 6769 7665 6e2e e or file given.\n+000338c0: 2020 416e 6420 e280 982d 2d6c 656e 6774 And ...--lengt\n+000338d0: 68e2 8099 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7370 6563 h... allows spec\n+000338e0: 6966 7969 6e67 2061 206d 6178 696d 756d ifying a maximum\n+000338f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 . number of \n+00033900: 6279 7465 7320 746f 2062 6520 7368 6f77 bytes to be show\n+00033910: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6769 7665 n... If give\n+00033920: 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6465 n the special de\n+00033930: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 286d vice named ...(m\n+00033940: 656d 29e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 em)..., then the\n+00033950: 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 6574 e280 9920 6769 ...offset... gi\n+00033960: 7665 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 982d ven. to ...-\n+00033970: 2d73 6b69 70e2 8099 2069 7320 7472 6561 -skip... is trea\n+00033980: 7465 6420 6173 2074 6865 2061 6464 7265 ted as the addre\n+00033990: 7373 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6d6f 7279 206c ss of a memory l\n+000339a0: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 746f 2064 756d 700a ocation to dump.\n+000339b0: 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 from.....Fi\n+000339c0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000339d0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 204e Node: insmod, N\n+000339e0: 6578 743a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 2c20 ext: keystatus, \n+000339f0: 2050 7265 763a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 Prev: hexdump, \n+00033a00: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00033a10: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00033a20: 2e33 3720 696e 736d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .37 insmod.-----\n+00033a30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00033a40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 206d ommand: insmod m\n+00033a50: 6f64 756c 650a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 odule. Inser\n+00033a60: 7420 7468 6520 6479 6e61 6d69 6320 4752 t the dynamic GR\n+00033a70: 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 UB module called\n+00033a80: 204d 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 MODULE.....File\n+00033a90: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00033aa0: 6465 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c 2020 de: keystatus, \n+00033ab0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 Next: list_env, \n+00033ac0: 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 Prev: insmod, \n+00033ad0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+00033ae0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+00033af0: 3338 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 0a2d 2d2d 38 keystatus.---\n+00033b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00033b10: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206b 6579 -- Command: key\n+00033b20: 7374 6174 7573 205b 2d2d 7368 6966 745d status [--shift]\n+00033b30: 205b 2d2d 6374 726c 5d20 5b2d 2d61 6c74 [--ctrl] [--alt\n+00033b40: 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 7572 6e20 7472 ]. Return tr\n+00033b50: 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 5368 6966 742c ue if the Shift,\n+00033b60: 2043 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2c20 6f72 2041 6c74 Control, or Alt\n+00033b70: 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 6b65 7973 2061 modifier keys a\n+00033b80: 7265 2068 656c 640a 2020 2020 2064 6f77 re held. dow\n+00033b90: 6e2c 2061 7320 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 n, as requested \n+00033ba0: 6279 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 6869 by options. Thi\n+00033bb0: 7320 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2073 s is useful in s\n+00033bc0: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 746f 0a20 2020 cripting, to. \n+00033bd0: 2020 616c 6c6f 7720 736f 6d65 2075 7365 allow some use\n+00033be0: 7220 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 6f76 6572 2062 r control over b\n+00033bf0: 6568 6176 696f 7572 2077 6974 686f 7574 ehaviour without\n+00033c00: 2068 6176 696e 6720 746f 2077 6169 7420 having to wait \n+00033c10: 666f 7220 610a 2020 2020 206b 6579 7072 for a. keypr\n+00033c20: 6573 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b ess... Check\n+00033c30: 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 ing key modifier\n+00033c40: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 status is only \n+00033c50: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2073 6f6d supported on som\n+00033c60: 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a20 2020 e platforms.. \n+00033c70: 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 If invoked wit\n+00033c80: 686f 7574 2061 6e79 206f 7074 696f 6e73 hout any options\n+00033c90: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986b 6579 7374 6174 , the ...keystat\n+00033ca0: 7573 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7265 us... command re\n+00033cb0: 7475 726e 730a 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 turns. true \n+00033cc0: 6966 2061 6e64 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2063 if and only if c\n+00033cd0: 6865 636b 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 hecking key modi\n+00033ce0: 6669 6572 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2073 fier status is s\n+00033cf0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c upported.....Fil\n+00033d00: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00033d10: 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 ode: list_env, \n+00033d20: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 Next: list_trust\n+00033d30: 6564 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206b 6579 7374 ed, Prev: keyst\n+00033d40: 6174 7573 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 atus, Up: Comma\n+00033d50: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00033d60: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3920 6c69 7374 5f65 ..17.4.39 list_e\n+00033d70: 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nv.-------------\n+00033d80: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00033d90: 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 : list_env [--fi\n+00033da0: 6c65 2066 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 le file]. Li\n+00033db0: 7374 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 st all variables\n+00033dc0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d in the environm\n+00033dd0: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 ent block file. \n+00033de0: 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 456e 7669 *Note. Envi\n+00033df0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e ronment block::.\n+00033e00: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d .. The ...--\n+00033e10: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f file... option o\n+00033e20: 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 verrides the def\n+00033e30: 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 ault location of\n+00033e40: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f the. enviro\n+00033e50: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a nment block.....\n+00033e60: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00033e70: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 Node: list_tru\n+00033e80: 7374 6564 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f61 sted, Next: loa\n+00033e90: 645f 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 d_env, Prev: li\n+00033ea0: 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d st_env, Up: Com\n+00033eb0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00033ec0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3020 6c69 7374 ds..17.4.40 list\n+00033ed0: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _trusted.-------\n+00033ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00033ef0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 7374 -- Command: list\n+00033f00: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 _trusted. Li\n+00033f10: 7374 2061 6c6c 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 st all public ke\n+00033f20: 7973 2074 7275 7374 6564 2062 7920 4752 ys trusted by GR\n+00033f30: 5542 2066 6f72 2076 616c 6964 6174 696e UB for validatin\n+00033f40: 6720 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2e0a 2020 g signatures.. \n+00033f50: 2020 2054 6865 206f 7574 7075 7420 6973 The output is\n+00033f60: 2069 6e20 4750 4727 7320 7634 206b 6579 in GPG's v4 key\n+00033f70: 2066 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 2066 6f72 fingerprint for\n+00033f80: 6d61 7420 2869 2e65 2e2c 2074 6865 206f mat (i.e., the o\n+00033f90: 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 206f 6620 e280 utput. of ..\n+00033fa0: 9867 7067 202d 2d66 696e 6765 7270 7269 .gpg --fingerpri\n+00033fb0: 6e74 e280 9929 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6561 nt...). The lea\n+00033fc0: 7374 2073 6967 6e69 6669 6361 6e74 2066 st significant f\n+00033fd0: 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 286c 6173 740a our bytes (last.\n+00033fe0: 2020 2020 2065 6967 6874 2068 6578 6164 eight hexad\n+00033ff0: 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 2063 ecimal digits) c\n+00034000: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 616e an be used as an\n+00034010: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 20e2 8098 argument to ...\n+00034020: 6469 7374 7275 7374 e280 990a 2020 2020 distrust.... \n+00034030: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 (*note distrust\n+00034040: 3a3a 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e ::). *Note Usin\n+00034050: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 g digital signat\n+00034060: 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 ures::, for more\n+00034070: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f . informatio\n+00034080: 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7573 6573 2066 6f72 n about uses for\n+00034090: 2074 6865 7365 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a these keys.....\n+000340a0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000340b0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 Node: load_env\n+000340c0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e , Next: loadfon\n+000340d0: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 t, Prev: list_t\n+000340e0: 7275 7374 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d rusted, Up: Com\n+000340f0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00034100: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3120 6c6f 6164 ds..17.4.41 load\n+00034110: 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _env.-----------\n+00034120: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00034130: 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d nd: load_env [--\n+00034140: 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d 205b 2d2d 736b file file] [--sk\n+00034150: 6970 2d73 6967 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ip-sig]. \n+00034160: 2020 5b77 6869 7465 6c69 7374 6564 5f76 [whitelisted_v\n+00034170: 6172 6961 626c 655f 6e61 6d65 5d20 2e2e ariable_name] ..\n+00034180: 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 616c 6c20 .. Load all \n+00034190: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 variables from t\n+000341a0: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 he environment b\n+000341b0: 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 6520 696e 746f 2074 lock file into t\n+000341c0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d he. environm\n+000341d0: 656e 742e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 ent. *Note Envi\n+000341e0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e ronment block::.\n+000341f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d .. The ...--\n+00034200: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f file... option o\n+00034210: 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 verrides the def\n+00034220: 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 ault location of\n+00034230: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f the. enviro\n+00034240: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 nment block... \n+00034250: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 The ...--skip\n+00034260: 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 -sig... option s\n+00034270: 6b69 7073 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2063 kips signature c\n+00034280: 6865 636b 696e 6720 6576 656e 2077 6865 hecking even whe\n+00034290: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 n the. value\n+000342a0: 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 of environment \n+000342b0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 variable ...chec\n+000342c0: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 k_signatures... \n+000342d0: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 is set to. .\n+000342e0: 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e ..enforce... (*n\n+000342f0: 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ote check_signat\n+00034300: 7572 6573 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 ures::)... I\n+00034310: 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 7661 f one or more va\n+00034320: 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2061 7265 riable names are\n+00034330: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6173 2061 7267 provided as arg\n+00034340: 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7468 6579 2061 7265 uments, they are\n+00034350: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7270 7265 7465 . interprete\n+00034360: 6420 6173 2061 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 d as a whitelist\n+00034370: 206f 6620 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 746f of variables to\n+00034380: 206c 6f61 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 load from the. \n+00034390: 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 environment \n+000343a0: 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 2056 6172 block file. Var\n+000343b0: 6961 626c 6573 2073 6574 2069 6e20 7468 iables set in th\n+000343c0: 6520 6669 6c65 2062 7574 206e 6f74 2070 e file but not p\n+000343d0: 7265 7365 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 resent. in t\n+000343e0: 6865 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2061 7265 he whitelist are\n+000343f0: 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ignored... \n+00034400: 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 The ...--skip-si\n+00034410: 67e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7368 6f75 g... option shou\n+00034420: 6c64 2062 6520 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 ld be used with \n+00034430: 6361 7265 2c20 616e 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 care, and should\n+00034440: 2061 6c77 6179 730a 2020 2020 2062 6520 always. be \n+00034450: 7573 6564 2069 6e20 636f 6e63 6572 7420 used in concert \n+00034460: 7769 7468 2061 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 with a whitelist\n+00034470: 206f 6620 6163 6365 7074 6162 6c65 2076 of acceptable v\n+00034480: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 686f 7365 0a20 ariables whose. \n+00034490: 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6573 2073 686f 756c values shoul\n+000344a0: 6420 6265 2073 6574 2e20 2046 6169 6c75 d be set. Failu\n+000344b0: 7265 2074 6f20 656d 706c 6f79 2061 2063 re to employ a c\n+000344c0: 6172 6566 756c 6c79 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 arefully constru\n+000344d0: 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6974 656c cted. whitel\n+000344e0: 6973 7420 636f 756c 6420 7265 7375 6c74 ist could result\n+000344f0: 2069 6e20 7265 6164 696e 6720 6120 6d61 in reading a ma\n+00034500: 6c69 6369 6f75 7320 7661 6c75 6520 696e licious value in\n+00034510: 746f 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 to critical. \n+00034520: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00034530: 6961 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 iables from the \n+00034540: 6669 6c65 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 7365 file, such as se\n+00034550: 7474 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6368 tting. ...ch\n+00034560: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3d6e eck_signatures=n\n+00034570: 6fe2 8099 2c20 6d6f 6469 6679 696e 6720 o..., modifying \n+00034580: e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2074 6f20 ...prefix... to \n+00034590: 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d20 616e 0a20 2020 boot from an. \n+000345a0: 2020 756e 6578 7065 6374 6564 206c 6f63 unexpected loc\n+000345b0: 6174 696f 6e20 6f72 206e 6f74 2061 7420 ation or not at \n+000345c0: 616c 6c2c 2065 7463 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 all, etc... \n+000345d0: 5768 656e 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 2063 When used with c\n+000345e0: 6172 652c 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 are, ...--skip-s\n+000345f0: 6967 e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7768 ig... and the wh\n+00034600: 6974 656c 6973 7420 656e 6162 6c65 2061 itelist enable a\n+00034610: 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 646d 696e 6973 7472 n. administr\n+00034620: 6174 6f72 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ator to configur\n+00034630: 6520 6120 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 626f e a system to bo\n+00034640: 6f74 206f 6e6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 0a20 ot only signed. \n+00034650: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f configuratio\n+00034660: 6e73 2c20 6275 7420 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 ns, but to allow\n+00034670: 2074 6865 2075 7365 7220 746f 2073 656c the user to sel\n+00034680: 6563 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 6d6f 6e67 206d ect from among m\n+00034690: 756c 7469 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e ultiple. con\n+000346a0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2061 6e64 figurations, and\n+000346b0: 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2022 6f6e 652d to enable \"one-\n+000346c0: 7368 6f74 2220 626f 6f74 2061 7474 656d shot\" boot attem\n+000346d0: 7074 7320 616e 640a 2020 2020 2022 7361 pts and. \"sa\n+000346e0: 7665 6465 6661 756c 7422 2062 6568 6176 vedefault\" behav\n+000346f0: 696f 722e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e ior. *Note Usin\n+00034700: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 g digital signat\n+00034710: 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 ures::, for more\n+00034720: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f . informatio\n+00034730: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n+00034740: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f .info, Node: lo\n+00034750: 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c adfont, Next: l\n+00034760: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 oopback, Prev: \n+00034770: 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 load_env, Up: C\n+00034780: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00034790: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3220 6c6f ands..17.4.42 lo\n+000347a0: 6164 666f 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d adfont.---------\n+000347b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+000347c0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2066 mand: loadfont f\n+000347d0: 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 ile .... Loa\n+000347e0: 6420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 666f 6e74 d specified font\n+000347f0: 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 files. Unless \n+00034800: 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2070 6174 686e 616d absolute pathnam\n+00034810: 6520 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 4649 4c45 e is given, FILE\n+00034820: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 7373 756d 6564 . is assumed\n+00034830: 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e20 6469 7265 6374 to be in direct\n+00034840: 6f72 7920 e280 9824 7072 6566 6978 2f66 ory ...$prefix/f\n+00034850: 6f6e 7473 e280 9920 7769 7468 2073 7566 onts... with suf\n+00034860: 6669 7820 e280 982e 7066 32e2 8099 0a20 fix ....pf2.... \n+00034870: 2020 2020 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2e20 202a appended. *\n+00034880: 4e6f 7465 2046 6f6e 7473 3a20 5468 656d Note Fonts: Them\n+00034890: 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a e file format...\n+000348a0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+000348b0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 o, Node: loopba\n+000348c0: 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 732c 2020 ck, Next: ls, \n+000348d0: 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 Prev: loadfont, \n+000348e0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+000348f0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00034900: 2e34 3320 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 0a2d 2d2d .43 loopback.---\n+00034910: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00034920: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6f70 -- Command: loop\n+00034930: 6261 636b 205b 2d64 5d20 5b2d 445d 2064 back [-d] [-D] d\n+00034940: 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 evice file. \n+00034950: 4d61 6b65 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 Make the device \n+00034960: 6e61 6d65 6420 4445 5649 4345 2063 6f72 named DEVICE cor\n+00034970: 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 746f 2074 6865 2063 respond to the c\n+00034980: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 ontents of the. \n+00034990: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 filesystem i\n+000349a0: 6d61 6765 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 2046 mage in FILE. F\n+000349b0: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 or example:.. \n+000349c0: 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 loopback \n+000349d0: 6c6f 6f70 3020 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f69 loop0 /path/to/i\n+000349e0: 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c mage. l\n+000349f0: 7320 286c 6f6f 7030 292f 0a0a 2020 2020 s (loop0)/.. \n+00034a00: 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 Specifying the \n+00034a10: e280 982d 44e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ...-D... option \n+00034a20: 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 206c 6f6f 7062 allows the loopb\n+00034a30: 6163 6b20 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 ack file to be. \n+00034a40: 2020 2020 7472 616e 7061 7265 6e74 6c79 tranparently\n+00034a50: 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6420 6966 decompressed if\n+00034a60: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2061 7070 there is an app\n+00034a70: 726f 7072 6961 7465 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 ropriate decompr\n+00034a80: 6573 736f 720a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6465 essor. loade\n+00034a90: 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 d... With th\n+00034aa0: 6520 e280 982d 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-d... optio\n+00034ab0: 6e2c 2064 656c 6574 6520 6120 6465 7669 n, delete a devi\n+00034ac0: 6365 2070 7265 7669 6f75 736c 7920 6372 ce previously cr\n+00034ad0: 6561 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 eated using this\n+00034ae0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a . command...\n+00034af0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00034b00: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 2c20 204e o, Node: ls, N\n+00034b10: 6578 743a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 2050 ext: lsfonts, P\n+00034b20: 7265 763a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 rev: loopback, \n+00034b30: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+00034b40: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+00034b50: 3434 206c 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 44 ls.----------\n+00034b60: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c .. -- Command: l\n+00034b70: 7320 5b61 7267 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 s [arg ...]. \n+00034b80: 204c 6973 7420 6465 7669 6365 7320 6f72 List devices or\n+00034b90: 2066 696c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 files... Wi\n+00034ba0: 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c th no arguments,\n+00034bb0: 2070 7269 6e74 2061 6c6c 2064 6576 6963 print all devic\n+00034bc0: 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 4752 5542 es known to GRUB\n+00034bd0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 ... If the a\n+00034be0: 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 2064 6576 rgument is a dev\n+00034bf0: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 ice name enclose\n+00034c00: 6420 696e 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 d in parentheses\n+00034c10: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2044 6576 (*note. Dev\n+00034c20: 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2074 ice syntax::), t\n+00034c30: 6865 6e20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 6e61 hen print the na\n+00034c40: 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 me of the filesy\n+00034c50: 7374 656d 206f 6620 7468 6174 0a20 2020 stem of that. \n+00034c60: 2020 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 device... \n+00034c70: 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 If the argument \n+00034c80: 6973 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2067 is a directory g\n+00034c90: 6976 656e 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c iven as an absol\n+00034ca0: 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a 2020 ute file name. \n+00034cb0: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e (*note File n\n+00034cc0: 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2074 ame syntax::), t\n+00034cd0: 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2063 6f6e hen list the con\n+00034ce0: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6861 740a 2020 tents of that. \n+00034cf0: 2020 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2e0a 0a1f directory....\n+00034d00: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00034d10: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 , Node: lsfonts\n+00034d20: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 , Next: lsmod, \n+00034d30: 2050 7265 763a 206c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 Prev: ls, Up: \n+00034d40: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00034d50: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3435 206c mands..17.4.45 l\n+00034d60: 7366 6f6e 7473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sfonts.---------\n+00034d70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00034d80: 616e 643a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a20 2020 and: lsfonts. \n+00034d90: 2020 4c69 7374 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f List loaded fo\n+00034da0: 6e74 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 nts.....File: gr\n+00034db0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00034dc0: 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d64 lsmod, Next: md\n+00034dd0: 3573 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 7366 5sum, Prev: lsf\n+00034de0: 6f6e 7473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 onts, Up: Comma\n+00034df0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00034e00: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3620 6c73 6d6f 640a ..17.4.46 lsmod.\n+00034e10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00034e20: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 6d6f -- Command: lsmo\n+00034e30: 640a 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 6c69 7374 d. Show list\n+00034e40: 206f 6620 6c6f 6164 6564 206d 6f64 756c of loaded modul\n+00034e50: 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 es.....File: gru\n+00034e60: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d b.info, Node: m\n+00034e70: 6435 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d6f d5sum, Next: mo\n+00034e80: 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 736d dule, Prev: lsm\n+00034e90: 6f64 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 od, Up: Command\n+00034ea0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00034eb0: 3137 2e34 2e34 3720 6d64 3573 756d 0a2d 17.4.47 md5sum.-\n+00034ec0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00034ed0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d64 3573 -- Command: md5s\n+00034ee0: 756d 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 um arg .... \n+00034ef0: 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 Alias for ...has\n+00034f00: 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6d64 3520 hsum --hash md5 \n+00034f10: 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 arg ....... See\n+00034f20: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 command ...hash\n+00034f30: 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f sum.... (*no\n+00034f40: 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f te hashsum::) fo\n+00034f50: 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 r full descripti\n+00034f60: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n+00034f70: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d b.info, Node: m\n+00034f80: 6f64 756c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d75 odule, Next: mu\n+00034f90: 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ltiboot, Prev: \n+00034fa0: 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d md5sum, Up: Com\n+00034fb0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00034fc0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3820 6d6f 6475 ds..17.4.48 modu\n+00034fd0: 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d le.-------------\n+00034fe0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00034ff0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 205b 2d2d 6e6f 756e 7a69 module [--nounzi\n+00035000: 705d 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e p] file [argumen\n+00035010: 7473 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 ts]. Load a \n+00035020: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 module for multi\n+00035030: 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 boot kernel imag\n+00035040: 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 e. The rest of \n+00035050: 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 the line is. \n+00035060: 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d passed verbatim\n+00035070: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 as the module c\n+00035080: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 1f0a ommand line.....\n+00035090: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000350a0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f Node: multiboo\n+000350b0: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 t, Next: native\n+000350c0: 6469 736b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 6f64 disk, Prev: mod\n+000350d0: 756c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ule, Up: Comman\n+000350e0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+000350f0: 0a31 372e 342e 3439 206d 756c 7469 626f .17.4.49 multibo\n+00035100: 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ot.-------------\n+00035110: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00035120: 643a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 205b 2d2d d: multiboot [--\n+00035130: 7175 6972 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c 7564 6765 quirk-bad-kludge\n+00035140: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d71 ]. [--q\n+00035150: 7569 726b 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 2d61 6674 uirk-modules-aft\n+00035160: 6572 2d6b 6572 6e65 6c5d 2066 696c 6520 er-kernel] file \n+00035170: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 .... Load a \n+00035180: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c multiboot kernel\n+00035190: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 image from FILE\n+000351a0: 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 . The rest of t\n+000351b0: 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 he line is. \n+000351c0: 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 passed verbatim \n+000351d0: 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c as the ...kernel\n+000351e0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d command-line...\n+000351f0: 2e20 2041 6e79 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6d75 . Any module mu\n+00035200: 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6f61 st be. reloa\n+00035210: 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 ded after using \n+00035220: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e this command (*n\n+00035230: 6f74 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 292e 0a0a ote module::)...\n+00035240: 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c Some kernel\n+00035250: 7320 6861 7665 206b 6e6f 776e 2070 726f s have known pro\n+00035260: 626c 656d 732e 2020 596f 7520 6e65 6564 blems. You need\n+00035270: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 2d71 7569 to specify -qui\n+00035280: 726b 2d2a 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 rk-* for. th\n+00035290: 6f73 652e 2020 2d71 7569 726b 2d62 6164 ose. -quirk-bad\n+000352a0: 2d6b 6c75 6467 6520 6973 2061 2070 726f -kludge is a pro\n+000352b0: 626c 656d 2073 6565 6e20 696e 2073 6576 blem seen in sev\n+000352c0: 6572 616c 2070 726f 6475 6374 730a 2020 eral products. \n+000352d0: 2020 2074 6861 7420 7468 6579 2069 6e63 that they inc\n+000352e0: 6c75 6465 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206b 6c75 lude loading klu\n+000352f0: 6467 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 dge information \n+00035300: 7769 7468 2069 6e76 616c 6964 2064 6174 with invalid dat\n+00035310: 6120 696e 0a20 2020 2020 454c 4620 6669 a in. ELF fi\n+00035320: 6c65 2e20 2047 5255 4220 7072 696f 7220 le. GRUB prior \n+00035330: 746f 2030 2e39 3720 616e 6420 736f 6d65 to 0.97 and some\n+00035340: 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6275 696c 6473 2070 custom builds p\n+00035350: 7265 6665 7272 6564 2045 4c46 0a20 2020 referred ELF. \n+00035360: 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7768 information wh\n+00035370: 696c 6520 302e 3937 2061 6e64 2047 5255 ile 0.97 and GRU\n+00035380: 4220 3220 7573 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 B 2 use kludge. \n+00035390: 2055 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e Use this option\n+000353a0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2069 676e 6f72 6520 to. ignore \n+000353b0: 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 204b 6e6f 776e 2061 kludge. Known a\n+000353c0: 6666 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a ffected systems:\n+000353d0: 206f 6c64 2053 6f6c 6172 6973 2c20 536b old Solaris, Sk\n+000353e0: 794f 532e 0a0a 2020 2020 202d 7175 6972 yOS... -quir\n+000353f0: 6b2d 6d6f 6475 6c65 732d 6166 7465 722d k-modules-after-\n+00035400: 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 6e65 6564 6564 kernel is needed\n+00035410: 2066 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2077 6869 for kernels whi\n+00035420: 6368 206c 6f61 6420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 ch load at. \n+00035430: 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2068 6967 6820 relatively high \n+00035440: 6164 6472 6573 7320 652e 672e 2020 3136 address e.g. 16\n+00035450: 4d69 4220 6d61 726b 2061 6e64 2063 616e MiB mark and can\n+00035460: 2774 2063 6f70 6520 7769 7468 0a20 2020 't cope with. \n+00035470: 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7374 7566 6665 modules stuffe\n+00035480: 6420 6265 7477 6565 6e20 314d 6942 206d d between 1MiB m\n+00035490: 6172 6b20 616e 6420 6265 6769 6e6e 696e ark and beginnin\n+000354a0: 6720 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e g of the kernel.\n+000354b0: 0a20 2020 2020 4b6e 6f77 6e20 6166 6674 . Known afft\n+000354c0: 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a 2056 ected systems: V\n+000354d0: 4d57 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 MWare.....File: \n+000354e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000354f0: 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 204e : nativedisk, N\n+00035500: 6578 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 ext: normal, Pr\n+00035510: 6576 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 ev: multiboot, \n+00035520: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+00035530: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+00035540: 3530 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b0a 2d2d 50 nativedisk.--\n+00035550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00035560: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n+00035570: 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b0a 2020 2020 2053 ativedisk. S\n+00035580: 7769 7463 6820 6672 6f6d 2066 6972 6d77 witch from firmw\n+00035590: 6172 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7273 are disk drivers\n+000355a0: 2074 6f20 6e61 7469 7665 206f 6e65 732e to native ones.\n+000355b0: 2020 5265 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c0a Really useful.\n+000355c0: 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 only on pla\n+000355d0: 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2062 6f74 tforms where bot\n+000355e0: 6820 6669 726d 7761 7265 2061 6e64 206e h firmware and n\n+000355f0: 6174 6976 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 ative disk drive\n+00035600: 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c s are. avail\n+00035610: 6162 6c65 2e20 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 able. Currently\n+00035620: 2069 3338 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d65 i386-pc, i386-e\n+00035630: 6669 2c20 6933 3836 2d69 6565 6531 3237 fi, i386-ieee127\n+00035640: 3520 616e 640a 2020 2020 2078 3836 5f36 5 and. x86_6\n+00035650: 342d 6566 692e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 4-efi.....File: \n+00035660: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00035670: 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a : normal, Next:\n+00035680: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 2050 normal_exit, P\n+00035690: 7265 763a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2c rev: nativedisk,\n+000356a0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+000356b0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+000356c0: 342e 3531 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 4.51 normal.----\n+000356d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+000356e0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 Command: normal \n+000356f0: 5b66 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 456e 7465 [file]. Ente\n+00035700: 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 616e r normal mode an\n+00035710: 6420 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 4752 d display the GR\n+00035720: 5542 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 UB menu... I\n+00035730: 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652c 2063 n normal mode, c\n+00035740: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2066 696c 6573 7973 ommands, filesys\n+00035750: 7465 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 tem modules, and\n+00035760: 2063 7279 7074 6f67 7261 7068 790a 2020 cryptography. \n+00035770: 2020 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 2061 modules are a\n+00035780: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 utomatically loa\n+00035790: 6465 642c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 756c ded, and the ful\n+000357a0: 6c20 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 7061 l GRUB script pa\n+000357b0: 7273 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 7661 rser. is ava\n+000357c0: 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 206d ilable. Other m\n+000357d0: 6f64 756c 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 6578 odules may be ex\n+000357e0: 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 plicitly loaded \n+000357f0: 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 696e using. ...in\n+00035800: 736d 6f64 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 smod... (*note i\n+00035810: 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 nsmod::)... \n+00035820: 4966 2061 2046 494c 4520 6973 2067 6976 If a FILE is giv\n+00035830: 656e 2c20 7468 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 en, then command\n+00035840: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 s will be read f\n+00035850: 726f 6d20 7468 6174 2066 696c 652e 0a20 rom that file.. \n+00035860: 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 Otherwise, t\n+00035870: 6865 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 6164 hey will be read\n+00035880: 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9824 7072 6566 6978 from ...$prefix\n+00035890: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 6620 /grub.cfg... if \n+000358a0: 6974 2065 7869 7374 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 it exists... \n+000358b0: 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d61 ...normal... ma\n+000358c0: 7920 6265 2063 616c 6c65 6420 6672 6f6d y be called from\n+000358d0: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d within normal m\n+000358e0: 6f64 652c 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 ode, creating a \n+000358f0: 6e65 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 nested. envi\n+00035900: 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 4974 2069 7320 ronment. It is \n+00035910: 6d6f 7265 2075 7375 616c 2074 6f20 7573 more usual to us\n+00035920: 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 e ...configfile.\n+00035930: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2063 .. (*note. c\n+00035940: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 2066 6f72 onfigfile::) for\n+00035950: 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 this.....File: \n+00035960: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00035970: 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 : normal_exit, \n+00035980: 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 Next: parttool, \n+00035990: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 Prev: normal, \n+000359a0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+000359b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+000359c0: 3532 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 0a2d 52 normal_exit.-\n 000359d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000359e0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-000359f0: 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 ormal_exit. \n-00035a00: 4578 6974 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 Exit normal mode\n-00035a10: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a (*note normal::\n-00035a20: 292e 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 696e 7374 ). If this inst\n-00035a30: 616e 6365 206f 6620 6e6f 726d 616c 206d ance of normal m\n-00035a40: 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2077 6173 206e 6f74 ode. was not\n-00035a50: 206e 6573 7465 6420 7769 7468 696e 2061 nested within a\n-00035a60: 6e6f 7468 6572 206f 6e65 2c20 7468 656e nother one, then\n-00035a70: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2072 6573 6375 return to rescu\n-00035a80: 6520 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a e mode.....File:\n-00035a90: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00035aa0: 653a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 4e65 e: parttool, Ne\n-00035ab0: 7874 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 2050 xt: password, P\n-00035ac0: 7265 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 rev: normal_exit\n-00035ad0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00035ae0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00035af0: 2e34 2e35 3320 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 0a2d .4.53 parttool.-\n-00035b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00035b10: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 . -- Command: pa\n-00035b20: 7274 746f 6f6c 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e rttool partition\n-00035b30: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 2020 204d commands. M\n-00035b40: 616b 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6d6f 6469 ake various modi\n-00035b50: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2070 6172 fications to par\n-00035b60: 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 tition table ent\n-00035b70: 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4561 6368 ries... Each\n-00035b80: 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 2069 7320 6569 7468 COMMAND is eith\n-00035b90: 6572 2061 2062 6f6f 6c65 616e 206f 7074 er a boolean opt\n-00035ba0: 696f 6e2c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 ion, in which ca\n-00035bb0: 7365 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 se it must be. \n-00035bc0: 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 7769 7468 followed with\n-00035bd0: 20e2 8098 2be2 8099 206f 7220 e280 982d ...+... or ...-\n-00035be0: e280 9920 2877 6974 6820 6e6f 2069 6e74 ... (with no int\n-00035bf0: 6572 7665 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 6365 2920 ervening space) \n-00035c00: 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6f72 0a20 2020 to enable or. \n-00035c10: 2020 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6174 206f disable that o\n-00035c20: 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 656c 7365 2069 ption, or else i\n-00035c30: 7420 7461 6b65 7320 6120 7661 6c75 6520 t takes a value \n-00035c40: 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d0a 2020 2020 in the form. \n-00035c50: 20e2 8098 434f 4d4d 414e 443d 5641 4c55 ...COMMAND=VALU\n-00035c60: 45e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4375 7272 E...... Curr\n-00035c70: 656e 746c 792c 20e2 8098 7061 7274 746f ently, ...partto\n-00035c80: 6f6c e280 9920 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 ol... is only us\n-00035c90: 6566 756c 206f 6e20 444f 5320 7061 7274 eful on DOS part\n-00035ca0: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 2028 616c ition tables (al\n-00035cb0: 736f 0a20 2020 2020 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6173 so. known as\n-00035cc0: 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 Master Boot Rec\n-00035cd0: 6f72 642c 206f 7220 4d42 5229 2e20 4f6e ord, or MBR). On\n-00035ce0: 2074 6865 7365 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e these partition\n-00035cf0: 2074 6162 6c65 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 tables,. th\n-00035d00: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 636f 6d6d e following comm\n-00035d10: 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 ands are availab\n-00035d20: 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 6f6f le:.. ...boo\n-00035d30: 74e2 8099 2028 626f 6f6c 6561 6e29 0a20 t... (boolean). \n-00035d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 656e When en\n-00035d50: 6162 6c65 642c 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 abled, this make\n-00035d60: 7320 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2070 s the selected p\n-00035d70: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 6520 7468 6520 artition be the \n-00035d80: 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 active. \n-00035d90: 2028 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2920 7061 7274 (bootable) part\n-00035da0: 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2069 7473 2064 6973 ition on its dis\n-00035db0: 6b2c 2063 6c65 6172 696e 6720 7468 6520 k, clearing the \n-00035dc0: 6163 7469 7665 2066 6c61 6720 6f6e 0a20 active flag on. \n-00035dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 all oth\n-00035de0: 6572 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 er partitions. \n-00035df0: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 This command is \n-00035e00: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 205f 7072 696d limited to _prim\n-00035e10: 6172 795f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 ary_. p\n-00035e20: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 artitions... \n-00035e30: 20e2 8098 7479 7065 e280 9920 2876 616c ...type... (val\n-00035e40: 7565 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 ue). Ch\n-00035e50: 616e 6765 2074 6865 2074 7970 6520 6f66 ange the type of\n-00035e60: 2061 6e20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2070 6172 an existing par\n-00035e70: 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 616c tition. The val\n-00035e80: 7565 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 0a20 2020 ue must be a. \n-00035e90: 2020 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e number in\n-00035ea0: 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 2030 2d30 7846 the range 0-0xF\n-00035eb0: 4620 2870 7265 6669 7820 7769 7468 20e2 F (prefix with .\n-00035ec0: 8098 3078 e280 9920 746f 2065 6e74 6572 ..0x... to enter\n-00035ed0: 2069 7420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 it in. \n-00035ee0: 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 292e 0a0a hexadecimal)...\n-00035ef0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 ...hidden..\n-00035f00: 9920 2862 6f6f 6c65 616e 290a 2020 2020 . (boolean). \n-00035f10: 2020 2020 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e61 626c When enabl\n-00035f20: 6564 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6964 6573 2074 ed, this hides t\n-00035f30: 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 he selected part\n-00035f40: 6974 696f 6e20 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 ition by setting\n-00035f50: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 20e2 the. .\n-00035f60: 809c 6869 6464 656e e280 9d20 6269 7420 ..hidden... bit \n-00035f70: 696e 2069 7473 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e in its partition\n-00035f80: 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 3b20 7768 656e type code; when\n-00035f90: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 642c 0a20 2020 2020 disabled,. \n-00035fa0: 2020 2020 2075 6e68 6964 6573 2074 6865 unhides the\n-00035fb0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 selected partit\n-00035fc0: 696f 6e20 6279 2063 6c65 6172 696e 6720 ion by clearing \n-00035fd0: 7468 6973 2062 6974 2e20 2054 6869 7320 this bit. This \n-00035fe0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 7365 is. use\n-00035ff0: 6675 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 626f ful only when bo\n-00036000: 6f74 696e 6720 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e oting DOS or Win\n-00036010: 646f 7773 2061 6e64 206d 756c 7469 706c dows and multipl\n-00036020: 6520 7072 696d 6172 790a 2020 2020 2020 e primary. \n-00036030: 2020 2020 4641 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f FAT partitio\n-00036040: 6e73 2065 7869 7374 2069 6e20 6f6e 6520 ns exist in one \n-00036050: 6469 736b 2e20 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 disk. See also \n-00036060: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 *note. \n-00036070: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2e 0a0a DOS/Windows::...\n-00036080: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00036090: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f o, Node: passwo\n-000360a0: 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6173 7377 rd, Next: passw\n-000360b0: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 7265 ord_pbkdf2, Pre\n-000360c0: 763a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 5570 v: parttool, Up\n-000360d0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-000360e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3534 ommands..17.4.54\n-000360f0: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d password.------\n-00036100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00036110: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 Command: passwor\n-00036120: 6420 7573 6572 2063 6c65 6172 2d70 6173 d user clear-pas\n-00036130: 7377 6f72 640a 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e sword. Defin\n-00036140: 6520 6120 7573 6572 206e 616d 6564 2055 e a user named U\n-00036150: 5345 5220 7769 7468 2070 6173 7377 6f72 SER with passwor\n-00036160: 6420 434c 4541 522d 5041 5353 574f 5244 d CLEAR-PASSWORD\n-00036170: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 5365 . *Note. Se\n-00036180: 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c curity::.....Fil\n-00036190: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000361a0: 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 ode: password_pb\n-000361b0: 6b64 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6c61 kdf2, Next: pla\n-000361c0: 696e 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 inmount, Prev: \n-000361d0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 2055 703a 2043 password, Up: C\n-000361e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-000361f0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3520 7061 ands..17.4.55 pa\n-00036200: 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 320a 2d2d ssword_pbkdf2.--\n+000359e0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+000359f0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 0a20 2020 normal_exit. \n+00035a00: 2020 4578 6974 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f Exit normal mo\n+00035a10: 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c de (*note normal\n+00035a20: 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 696e ::). If this in\n+00035a30: 7374 616e 6365 206f 6620 6e6f 726d 616c stance of normal\n+00035a40: 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2077 6173 206e mode. was n\n+00035a50: 6f74 206e 6573 7465 6420 7769 7468 696e ot nested within\n+00035a60: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 206f 6e65 2c20 7468 another one, th\n+00035a70: 656e 2072 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2072 6573 en return to res\n+00035a80: 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c cue mode.....Fil\n+00035a90: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00035aa0: 6f64 653a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 ode: parttool, \n+00035ab0: 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 Next: password, \n+00035ac0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 Prev: normal_ex\n+00035ad0: 6974 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 it, Up: Command\n+00035ae0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00035af0: 3137 2e34 2e35 3320 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 17.4.53 parttool\n+00035b00: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00035b10: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00035b20: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2070 6172 7469 7469 parttool partiti\n+00035b30: 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 2020 on commands. \n+00035b40: 204d 616b 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6d6f Make various mo\n+00035b50: 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2070 difications to p\n+00035b60: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 artition table e\n+00035b70: 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4561 ntries... Ea\n+00035b80: 6368 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 2069 7320 6569 ch COMMAND is ei\n+00035b90: 7468 6572 2061 2062 6f6f 6c65 616e 206f ther a boolean o\n+00035ba0: 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 ption, in which \n+00035bb0: 6361 7365 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a case it must be.\n+00035bc0: 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 7769 followed wi\n+00035bd0: 7468 20e2 8098 2be2 8099 206f 7220 e280 th ...+... or ..\n+00035be0: 982d e280 9920 2877 6974 6820 6e6f 2069 .-... (with no i\n+00035bf0: 6e74 6572 7665 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 6365 ntervening space\n+00035c00: 2920 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6f72 0a20 ) to enable or. \n+00035c10: 2020 2020 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6174 disable that\n+00035c20: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 656c 7365 option, or else\n+00035c30: 2069 7420 7461 6b65 7320 6120 7661 6c75 it takes a valu\n+00035c40: 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d0a 2020 e in the form. \n+00035c50: 2020 20e2 8098 434f 4d4d 414e 443d 5641 ...COMMAND=VA\n+00035c60: 4c55 45e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4375 LUE...... Cu\n+00035c70: 7272 656e 746c 792c 20e2 8098 7061 7274 rrently, ...part\n+00035c80: 746f 6f6c e280 9920 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 tool... is only \n+00035c90: 7573 6566 756c 206f 6e20 444f 5320 7061 useful on DOS pa\n+00035ca0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 2028 rtition tables (\n+00035cb0: 616c 736f 0a20 2020 2020 6b6e 6f77 6e20 also. known \n+00035cc0: 6173 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 as Master Boot R\n+00035cd0: 6563 6f72 642c 206f 7220 4d42 5229 2e20 ecord, or MBR). \n+00035ce0: 4f6e 2074 6865 7365 2070 6172 7469 7469 On these partiti\n+00035cf0: 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 732c 0a20 2020 2020 on tables,. \n+00035d00: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 636f the following co\n+00035d10: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c mmands are avail\n+00035d20: 6162 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 able:.. ...b\n+00035d30: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 626f 6f6c 6561 6e29 oot... (boolean)\n+00035d40: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 . When \n+00035d50: 656e 6162 6c65 642c 2074 6869 7320 6d61 enabled, this ma\n+00035d60: 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 kes the selected\n+00035d70: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 6520 7468 partition be th\n+00035d80: 6520 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e active. \n+00035d90: 2020 2028 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2920 7061 (bootable) pa\n+00035da0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2069 7473 2064 rtition on its d\n+00035db0: 6973 6b2c 2063 6c65 6172 696e 6720 7468 isk, clearing th\n+00035dc0: 6520 6163 7469 7665 2066 6c61 6720 6f6e e active flag on\n+00035dd0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 206f . all o\n+00035de0: 7468 6572 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e ther partitions.\n+00035df0: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 This command i\n+00035e00: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 205f 7072 s limited to _pr\n+00035e10: 696d 6172 795f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 imary_. \n+00035e20: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 partitions... \n+00035e30: 2020 20e2 8098 7479 7065 e280 9920 2876 ...type... (v\n+00035e40: 616c 7565 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 alue). \n+00035e50: 4368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2074 7970 6520 Change the type \n+00035e60: 6f66 2061 6e20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2070 of an existing p\n+00035e70: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 artition. The v\n+00035e80: 616c 7565 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 0a20 alue must be a. \n+00035e90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 number \n+00035ea0: 696e 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 2030 2d30 in the range 0-0\n+00035eb0: 7846 4620 2870 7265 6669 7820 7769 7468 xFF (prefix with\n+00035ec0: 20e2 8098 3078 e280 9920 746f 2065 6e74 ...0x... to ent\n+00035ed0: 6572 2069 7420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 er it in. \n+00035ee0: 2020 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 292e hexadecimal).\n+00035ef0: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6869 6464 656e .. ...hidden\n+00035f00: e280 9920 2862 6f6f 6c65 616e 290a 2020 ... (boolean). \n+00035f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e61 When ena\n+00035f20: 626c 6564 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6964 6573 bled, this hides\n+00035f30: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 the selected pa\n+00035f40: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6279 2073 6574 7469 rtition by setti\n+00035f50: 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng the. \n+00035f60: 20e2 809c 6869 6464 656e e280 9d20 6269 ...hidden... bi\n+00035f70: 7420 696e 2069 7473 2070 6172 7469 7469 t in its partiti\n+00035f80: 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 3b20 7768 on type code; wh\n+00035f90: 656e 2064 6973 6162 6c65 642c 0a20 2020 en disabled,. \n+00035fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e68 6964 6573 2074 unhides t\n+00035fb0: 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 he selected part\n+00035fc0: 6974 696f 6e20 6279 2063 6c65 6172 696e ition by clearin\n+00035fd0: 6720 7468 6973 2062 6974 2e20 2054 6869 g this bit. Thi\n+00035fe0: 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 s is. u\n+00035ff0: 7365 6675 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 seful only when \n+00036000: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 444f 5320 6f72 2057 booting DOS or W\n+00036010: 696e 646f 7773 2061 6e64 206d 756c 7469 indows and multi\n+00036020: 706c 6520 7072 696d 6172 790a 2020 2020 ple primary. \n+00036030: 2020 2020 2020 4641 5420 7061 7274 6974 FAT partit\n+00036040: 696f 6e73 2065 7869 7374 2069 6e20 6f6e ions exist in on\n+00036050: 6520 6469 736b 2e20 2053 6565 2061 6c73 e disk. See als\n+00036060: 6f20 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 o *note. \n+00036070: 2020 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2e DOS/Windows::.\n+00036080: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00036090: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 nfo, Node: pass\n+000360a0: 776f 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6173 word, Next: pas\n+000360b0: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 sword_pbkdf2, P\n+000360c0: 7265 763a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 rev: parttool, \n+000360d0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+000360e0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+000360f0: 3534 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2d2d 2d2d 54 password.----\n+00036100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00036110: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6173 7377 - Command: passw\n+00036120: 6f72 6420 7573 6572 2063 6c65 6172 2d70 ord user clear-p\n+00036130: 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2020 2020 2044 6566 assword. Def\n+00036140: 696e 6520 6120 7573 6572 206e 616d 6564 ine a user named\n+00036150: 2055 5345 5220 7769 7468 2070 6173 7377 USER with passw\n+00036160: 6f72 6420 434c 4541 522d 5041 5353 574f ord CLEAR-PASSWO\n+00036170: 5244 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 RD. *Note. \n+00036180: 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Security::.....F\n+00036190: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000361a0: 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f Node: password_\n+000361b0: 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 pbkdf2, Next: p\n+000361c0: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 lainmount, Prev\n+000361d0: 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 2055 703a : password, Up:\n+000361e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+000361f0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3520 mmands..17.4.55 \n+00036200: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 320a password_pbkdf2.\n 00036210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00036220: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00036230: 6e64 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b nd: password_pbk\n-00036240: 6466 3220 7573 6572 2068 6173 6865 642d df2 user hashed-\n-00036250: 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a20 2020 2020 4465 password. De\n-00036260: 6669 6e65 2061 2075 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 fine a user name\n-00036270: 6420 5553 4552 2077 6974 6820 7061 7373 d USER with pass\n-00036280: 776f 7264 2068 6173 6820 4841 5348 4544 word hash HASHED\n-00036290: 2d50 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 5573 650a -PASSWORD. Use.\n-000362a0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 ...grub-mkp\n-000362b0: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 asswd-pbkdf2... \n-000362c0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (*note Invoking \n-000362d0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n-000362e0: 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 kdf2::) to. \n-000362f0: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 generate passwor\n-00036300: 6420 6861 7368 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 d hashes. *Note\n-00036310: 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a Security::.....\n-00036320: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00036330: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 Node: plainmou\n-00036340: 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6c61 792c nt, Next: play,\n-00036350: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 Prev: password\n-00036360: 5f70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5570 3a20 436f _pbkdf2, Up: Co\n-00036370: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00036380: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3536 2070 6c61 nds..17.4.56 pla\n-00036390: 696e 6d6f 756e 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d inmount.--------\n-000363a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-000363b0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f Command: plainmo\n-000363c0: 756e 7420 6465 7669 6365 202d 6320 6369 unt device -c ci\n-000363d0: 7068 6572 202d 7320 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 pher -s key size\n-000363e0: 205b 2d68 2068 6173 685d 0a20 2020 2020 [-h hash]. \n-000363f0: 5be2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 7365 6374 6f72 [...-S... sector\n-00036400: 2073 697a 655d 205b e280 982d 70e2 8099 size] [...-p...\n-00036410: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645d 205b e280 982d password] [...-\n-00036420: 75e2 8099 2075 7569 645d 205b 5be2 8098 u... uuid] [[...\n-00036430: 2d64 e280 9920 6b65 7966 696c 655d 0a20 -d... keyfile]. \n-00036440: 2020 2020 5be2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 6b65 [...-O... ke\n-00036450: 7966 696c 6520 6f66 6673 6574 5d5d 0a0a yfile offset]]..\n-00036460: 2020 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 6363 6573 Setup acces\n-00036470: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e63 7279 7074 s to the encrypt\n-00036480: 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 2070 6c61 ed device in pla\n-00036490: 696e 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4f66 6673 6574 in mode. Offset\n-000364a0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 of the. enc\n-000364b0: 7279 7074 6564 2064 6174 6120 6174 2074 rypted data at t\n-000364c0: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 2073 7065 he device is spe\n-000364d0: 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7465 726d 7320 cified in terms \n-000364e0: 6f66 2035 3132 2062 7974 650a 2020 2020 of 512 byte. \n-000364f0: 2073 6563 746f 7273 2075 7369 6e67 2074 sectors using t\n-00036500: 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 796e he blocklist syn\n-00036510: 7461 7820 616e 6420 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b tax and loopback\n-00036520: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 device. The. \n-00036530: 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 7861 following exa\n-00036540: 6d70 6c65 2073 686f 7773 2068 6f77 2074 mple shows how t\n-00036550: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 314d 6942 206f o specify 1MiB o\n-00036560: 6666 7365 743a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ffset:.. \n-00036570: 2020 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 206e 6f64 6520 loopback node \n-00036580: 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3129 3230 3438 2b0a (hd0,gpt1)2048+.\n-00036590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d plainm\n-000365a0: 6f75 6e74 206e 6f64 6520 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 ount node ..... \n-000365b0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9870 6c61 696e The ...plain\n-000365c0: 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 mount... command\n-000365d0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n-000365e0: 6f70 656e 204c 554b 5320 656e 6372 7970 open LUKS encryp\n-000365f0: 7465 6420 766f 6c75 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 ted volume. \n-00036600: 6966 2069 7473 206d 6173 7465 7220 6b65 if its master ke\n-00036610: 7920 616e 6420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 y and parameters\n-00036620: 2028 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2c20 6369 7068 (key size, ciph\n-00036630: 6572 2c20 6f66 6673 6574 2c20 6574 6329 er, offset, etc)\n-00036640: 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 6b6e 6f77 6e2e . are known.\n-00036650: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 .. There are\n-00036660: 2074 776f 2077 6179 7320 746f 2073 7065 two ways to spe\n-00036670: 6369 6679 2061 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a cify a password:\n-00036680: 2061 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2061 6e64 2061 a keyfile and a\n-00036690: 2073 6563 7265 740a 2020 2020 2070 6173 secret. pas\n-000366a0: 7370 6872 6173 652e 2020 5468 6520 6b65 sphrase. The ke\n-000366b0: 7966 696c 6520 7061 7468 2070 6172 616d yfile path param\n-000366c0: 6574 6572 2068 6173 2068 6967 6865 7220 eter has higher \n-000366d0: 7072 696f 7269 7479 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 priority than. \n-000366e0: 2020 2074 6865 2073 6563 7265 7420 7061 the secret pa\n-000366f0: 7373 7068 7261 7365 2070 6172 616d 6574 ssphrase paramet\n-00036700: 6572 2061 6e64 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 er and is specif\n-00036710: 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 ied with the opt\n-00036720: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 ion. ...-d..\n-00036730: 992e 2020 5061 7373 776f 7264 2064 6174 .. Password dat\n-00036740: 6120 6f62 7461 696e 6564 2066 726f 6d20 a obtained from \n-00036750: 6b65 7966 696c 6573 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 keyfiles is not \n-00036760: 6861 7368 6564 2061 6e64 2069 730a 2020 hashed and is. \n-00036770: 2020 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 used directly\n-00036780: 2061 7320 6120 6369 7068 6572 206b 6579 as a cipher key\n-00036790: 2e20 2041 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 206f . An optional o\n-000367a0: 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2070 6173 7377 6f72 ffset of passwor\n-000367b0: 6420 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 d data. in t\n-000367c0: 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2063 616e 2062 he keyfile can b\n-000367d0: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 e specified with\n-000367e0: 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d the option ...-\n-000367f0: 4fe2 8099 206f 7220 6469 7265 6374 6c79 O... or directly\n-00036800: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f . with the o\n-00036810: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 64e2 8099 2061 ption ...-d... a\n-00036820: 6e64 2047 5255 4220 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 nd GRUB blocklis\n-00036830: 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 6966 2074 6865 t syntax, if the\n-00036840: 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2064 6174 610a 2020 keyfile data. \n-00036850: 2020 2063 616e 2062 6520 6163 6365 7373 can be access\n-00036860: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6465 7669 6365 ed from a device\n-00036870: 2061 6e64 2069 7320 3531 3220 6279 7465 and is 512 byte\n-00036880: 2061 6c69 676e 6564 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 aligned. The. \n-00036890: 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 following ex\n-000368a0: 616d 706c 6520 7368 6f77 7320 626f 7468 ample shows both\n-000368b0: 206d 6574 686f 6473 2074 6f20 7370 6563 methods to spec\n-000368c0: 6966 7920 7061 7373 776f 7264 2064 6174 ify password dat\n-000368d0: 6120 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6b65 a in. the ke\n-000368e0: 7966 696c 6520 6174 206f 6666 7365 7420 yfile at offset \n-000368f0: 314d 6942 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 1MiB:.. \n-00036900: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 2d64 2028 plainmount -d (\n-00036910: 6864 302c 6770 7431 2932 3034 382b 202e hd0,gpt1)2048+ .\n-00036920: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 ... pla\n-00036930: 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 2d64 2028 6864 302c inmount -d (hd0,\n-00036940: 6770 7431 292b 202d 4f20 3130 3438 3537 gpt1)+ -O 104857\n-00036950: 3620 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206e 6 ..... If n\n-00036960: 6f20 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6973 2073 7065 o keyfile is spe\n-00036970: 6369 6669 6564 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 cified then the \n-00036980: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 7365 7420 password is set \n-00036990: 746f 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a 2020 to the string. \n-000369a0: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2062 7920 specified by \n-000369b0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 option ...-p... \n-000369c0: 6f72 2069 7320 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 or is requested \n-000369d0: 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 656c 7920 6672 interactively fr\n-000369e0: 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 om the. cons\n-000369f0: 6f6c 652e 2020 496e 2062 6f74 6820 6361 ole. In both ca\n-00036a00: 7365 7320 7468 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 ses the provided\n-00036a10: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6973 2068 6173 password is has\n-00036a20: 6865 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a20 2020 hed with the. \n-00036a30: 2020 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d20 7370 6563 algorithm spec\n-00036a40: 6966 6965 6420 6279 2074 6865 206f 7074 ified by the opt\n-00036a50: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 68e2 8099 2e20 2054 ion ...-h.... T\n-00036a60: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6d61 his option is ma\n-00036a70: 6e64 6174 6f72 790a 2020 2020 2069 6620 ndatory. if \n-00036a80: 6e6f 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7370 no keyfile is sp\n-00036a90: 6563 6966 6965 642c 2062 7574 2069 7420 ecified, but it \n-00036aa0: 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 can be set to ..\n-00036ab0: 9870 6c61 696e e280 9920 7768 6963 680a .plain... which.\n-00036ac0: 2020 2020 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 means that \n-00036ad0: 6e6f 2068 6173 6869 6e67 2069 7320 646f no hashing is do\n-00036ae0: 6e65 2061 6e64 2073 7563 6820 7061 7373 ne and such pass\n-00036af0: 776f 7264 2069 7320 7573 6564 2064 6972 word is used dir\n-00036b00: 6563 746c 7920 6173 0a20 2020 2020 6120 ectly as. a \n-00036b10: 6b65 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6970 6865 key... Ciphe\n-00036b20: 7220 e280 982d 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 206b r ...-c... and k\n-00036b30: 6579 7369 7a65 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 9920 eysize ...-s... \n-00036b40: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7370 6563 6966 7920 options specify \n-00036b50: 7468 6520 6369 7068 6572 2061 6c67 6f72 the cipher algor\n-00036b60: 6974 686d 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 ithm. and th\n-00036b70: 6520 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2072 6573 7065 e key size respe\n-00036b80: 6374 6976 656c 7920 616e 6420 6172 6520 ctively and are \n-00036b90: 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e mandatory option\n-00036ba0: 732e 2020 4369 7068 6572 0a20 2020 2020 s. Cipher. \n-00036bb0: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 must be specifie\n-00036bc0: 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206d 6f64 6520 d with the mode \n-00036bd0: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2064 separated by a d\n-00036be0: 6173 6820 2866 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 ash (for example\n-00036bf0: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6165 732d 7874 ,. ...aes-xt\n-00036c00: 732d 706c 6169 6e36 34e2 8099 292e 2020 s-plain64...). \n-00036c10: 4b65 7920 7369 7a65 206f 7074 696f 6e20 Key size option \n-00036c20: e280 982d 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7468 6520 ...-s... is the \n-00036c30: 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 7468 650a key size of the.\n-00036c40: 2020 2020 2063 6970 6865 7220 696e 2062 cipher in b\n-00036c50: 6974 732c 206e 6f74 2074 6f20 6265 2063 its, not to be c\n-00036c60: 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 onfused with the\n-00036c70: 206f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206b offset of the k\n-00036c80: 6579 2064 6174 610a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 ey data. in \n-00036c90: 6120 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7370 6563 6966 a keyfile specif\n-00036ca0: 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 ied with the ...\n-00036cb0: 2d4f e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 -O... option. I\n-00036cc0: 7420 6d75 7374 206e 6f74 2065 7863 6565 t must not excee\n-00036cd0: 640a 2020 2020 2031 3032 3420 6269 7473 d. 1024 bits\n-00036ce0: 2c20 736f 2061 2033 3220 6279 7465 206b , so a 32 byte k\n-00036cf0: 6579 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7370 6563 ey would be spec\n-00036d00: 6966 6965 6420 6173 2032 3536 2062 6974 ified as 256 bit\n-00036d10: 730a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6f70 7469 s.. The opti\n-00036d20: 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 20e2 onal parameter .\n-00036d30: 8098 2d53 e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 6965 ..-S... specifie\n-00036d40: 7320 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 s encrypted devi\n-00036d50: 6365 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 2e0a ce sector size..\n-00036d60: 2020 2020 2049 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 It must be \n-00036d70: 6174 206c 6561 7374 2035 3132 2062 7974 at least 512 byt\n-00036d80: 6573 206c 6f6e 6720 2864 6566 6175 6c74 es long (default\n-00036d90: 2076 616c 7565 2920 616e 6420 6120 706f value) and a po\n-00036da0: 7765 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 322e 2020 wer of. 2. \n-00036db0: 2831 2920 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 706c 6169 (1) (*note plai\n-00036dc0: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d nmount-Footnote-\n-00036dd0: 313a 3a29 2e20 2044 6973 6b20 7365 6374 1::). Disk sect\n-00036de0: 6f72 2073 697a 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 or size is. \n-00036df0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2077 6865 6e20 configured when \n-00036e00: 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6e63 creating the enc\n-00036e10: 7279 7074 6564 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 rypted volume. \n-00036e20: 4174 7465 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 6f0a 2020 Attempting to. \n-00036e30: 2020 2064 6563 7279 7074 2076 6f6c 756d decrypt volum\n-00036e40: 6573 2077 6974 6820 6120 6469 6666 6572 es with a differ\n-00036e50: 656e 7420 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6520 ent sector size \n-00036e60: 7468 616e 2069 7420 7761 7320 6372 6561 than it was crea\n-00036e70: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 7769 ted. with wi\n-00036e80: 6c6c 206e 6f74 2072 6573 756c 7420 696e ll not result in\n-00036e90: 2061 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2062 7574 2077 an error, but w\n-00036ea0: 696c 6c20 6465 6372 7970 7420 746f 2072 ill decrypt to r\n-00036eb0: 616e 646f 6d20 6279 7465 730a 2020 2020 andom bytes. \n-00036ec0: 2061 6e64 2074 6875 7320 7072 6576 656e and thus preven\n-00036ed0: 7420 6163 6365 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 t accessing the \n-00036ee0: 766f 6c75 6d65 2028 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 volume (in some \n-00036ef0: 6361 7365 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 cases the filesy\n-00036f00: 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6472 6976 6572 stem. driver\n-00036f10: 2063 616e 2064 6574 6563 7420 7468 6520 can detect the \n-00036f20: 7072 6573 656e 6365 206f 6620 6120 6669 presence of a fi\n-00036f30: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6275 7420 6e65 lesystem, but ne\n-00036f40: 7665 7274 6865 6c65 7373 0a20 2020 2020 vertheless. \n-00036f50: 7769 6c6c 2072 6566 7573 6520 746f 206d will refuse to m\n-00036f60: 6f75 6e74 2069 7429 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ount it)... \n-00036f70: 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206e 6577 2070 By default new p\n-00036f80: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 7669 6365 lainmount device\n-00036f90: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 s will be given \n-00036fa0: 6120 5555 4944 2073 7461 7274 696e 670a a UUID starting.\n-00036fb0: 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 2731 3039 6665 with '109fe\n-00036fc0: 6138 342d 6136 6237 2d33 3461 382d 3462 a84-a6b7-34a8-4b\n-00036fd0: 6431 2d31 6335 3036 3330 3561 3430 3127 d1-1c506305a401'\n-00036fe0: 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 where the last \n-00036ff0: 6469 6769 7473 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 digits. are \n-00037000: 696e 6372 656d 656e 7465 6420 6279 206f incremented by o\n-00037010: 6e65 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 706c 6169 ne for each plai\n-00037020: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 nmounted device \n-00037030: 6265 796f 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 beyond the. \n-00037040: 6669 7273 7420 7570 2074 6f20 325e 3130 first up to 2^10\n-00037050: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 devices... \n-00037060: 416c 6c20 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2061 All encryption a\n-00037070: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2028 6369 7068 6572 rguments (cipher\n-00037080: 2c20 6861 7368 2c20 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 , hash, key size\n-00037090: 2c20 6469 736b 206f 6666 7365 7420 616e , disk offset an\n-000370a0: 640a 2020 2020 2064 6973 6b20 7365 6374 d. disk sect\n-000370b0: 6f72 2073 697a 6529 206d 7573 7420 6d61 or size) must ma\n-000370c0: 7463 6820 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 tch the paramete\n-000370d0: 7273 2075 7365 6420 746f 2063 7265 6174 rs used to creat\n-000370e0: 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 6f6c 756d e the. volum\n-000370f0: 652e 2020 4966 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 e. If any of th\n-00037100: 656d 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6d61 7463 em does not matc\n-00037110: 6820 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c 2061 7267 h the actual arg\n-00037120: 756d 656e 7473 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 uments used. \n-00037130: 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 696e 6974 during the init\n-00037140: 6961 6c20 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2c20 ial encryption, \n-00037150: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 plainmount will \n-00037160: 6372 6561 7465 2076 6972 7475 616c 0a20 create virtual. \n-00037170: 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 2077 6974 6820 device with \n-00037180: 7468 6520 6761 7262 6167 6520 6461 7461 the garbage data\n-00037190: 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2072 and GRUB will r\n-000371a0: 6570 6f72 7420 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e0a 2020 eport unknown. \n-000371b0: 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 666f filesystem fo\n-000371c0: 7220 7375 6368 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a r such device...\n-000371d0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000371e0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d o, Node: plainm\n-000371f0: 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 ount-Footnotes, \n-00037200: 2055 703a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 740a Up: plainmount.\n-00037210: 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e 7420 . (1) Current \n-00037220: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 206f implementation o\n-00037230: 6620 6372 7970 7473 6574 7570 2073 7570 f cryptsetup sup\n-00037240: 706f 7274 7320 6f6e 6c79 0a35 3132 2f31 ports only.512/1\n-00037250: 3032 342f 3230 3438 2f34 3039 3620 6279 024/2048/4096 by\n-00037260: 7465 2073 6563 746f 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 te sectors....Fi\n-00037270: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00037280: 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 204e 6578 Node: play, Nex\n-00037290: 743a 2070 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: probe, Prev:\n-000372a0: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5570 plainmount, Up\n-000372b0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-000372c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3537 ommands..17.4.57\n-000372d0: 2070 6c61 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d play.----------\n-000372e0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-000372f0: 2070 6c61 7920 6669 6c65 207c 2074 656d play file | tem\n-00037300: 706f 205b 7069 7463 6831 2064 7572 6174 po [pitch1 durat\n-00037310: 696f 6e31 5d20 5b70 6974 6368 3220 6475 ion1] [pitch2 du\n-00037320: 7261 7469 6f6e 325d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 ration2] .... \n-00037330: 2020 506c 6179 7320 6120 7475 6e65 0a0a Plays a tune..\n-00037340: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 If the argu\n-00037350: 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6669 6c65 206e ment is a file n\n-00037360: 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 ame (*note File \n-00037370: 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 name syntax::), \n-00037380: 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7475 play the. tu\n-00037390: 6e65 2072 6563 6f72 6465 6420 696e 2069 ne recorded in i\n-000373a0: 742e 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 t. The file for\n-000373b0: 6d61 7420 6973 2066 6972 7374 2074 6865 mat is first the\n-000373c0: 2074 656d 706f 2061 7320 616e 0a20 2020 tempo as an. \n-000373d0: 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2033 3262 6974 unsigned 32bit\n-000373e0: 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e 206e little-endian n\n-000373f0: 756d 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 7061 6972 umber, then pair\n-00037400: 7320 6f66 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 3136 s of unsigned 16\n-00037410: 6269 740a 2020 2020 206c 6974 746c 652d bit. little-\n-00037420: 656e 6469 616e 206e 756d 6265 7273 2066 endian numbers f\n-00037430: 6f72 2070 6974 6368 2061 6e64 2064 7572 or pitch and dur\n-00037440: 6174 696f 6e20 7061 6972 732e 0a0a 2020 ation pairs... \n-00037450: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 If the argume\n-00037460: 6e74 7320 6172 6520 6120 7365 7269 6573 nts are a series\n-00037470: 206f 6620 6e75 6d62 6572 732c 2070 6c61 of numbers, pla\n-00037480: 7920 7468 6520 696e 6c69 6e65 2074 756e y the inline tun\n-00037490: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 656d e... The tem\n-000374a0: 706f 2069 7320 7468 6520 6261 7365 2066 po is the base f\n-000374b0: 6f72 2061 6c6c 206e 6f74 6520 6475 7261 or all note dura\n-000374c0: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 3630 2067 6976 6573 tions. 60 gives\n-000374d0: 2061 2031 2d73 6563 6f6e 640a 2020 2020 a 1-second. \n-000374e0: 2062 6173 652c 2031 3230 2067 6976 6573 base, 120 gives\n-000374f0: 2061 2068 616c 662d 7365 636f 6e64 2062 a half-second b\n-00037500: 6173 652c 2065 7463 2e20 2050 6974 6368 ase, etc. Pitch\n-00037510: 6573 2061 7265 2048 7a2e 2020 5365 740a es are Hz. Set.\n-00037520: 2020 2020 2070 6974 6368 2074 6f20 3020 pitch to 0 \n-00037530: 746f 2070 726f 6475 6365 2061 2072 6573 to produce a res\n-00037540: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n-00037550: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 .info, Node: pr\n-00037560: 6f62 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7264 6d73 obe, Next: rdms\n-00037570: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 r, Prev: play, \n-00037580: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00037590: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-000375a0: 2e35 3820 7072 6f62 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .58 probe.------\n-000375b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-000375c0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7072 6f62 6520 5b2d 2d73 mand: probe [--s\n-000375d0: 6574 2076 6172 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 et var]. \n-000375e0: 2020 2d2d 6472 6976 6572 7c2d 2d70 6172 --driver|--par\n-000375f0: 746d 6170 7c2d 2d66 737c 2d2d 6673 2d75 tmap|--fs|--fs-u\n-00037600: 7569 647c 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c7c 2d2d 7061 uid|--label|--pa\n-00037610: 7274 2d75 7569 6420 6465 7669 6365 0a20 rt-uuid device. \n-00037620: 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2064 6576 Retrieve dev\n-00037630: 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ice information.\n-00037640: 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d If option ...-\n-00037650: 2d73 6574 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e -set... is given\n-00037660: 2c20 6173 7369 676e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 , assign. re\n-00037670: 7375 6c74 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 sult to variable\n-00037680: 2056 4152 2c20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 VAR, otherwise \n-00037690: 7072 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f print informatio\n-000376a0: 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e n on the screen.\n-000376b0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f 7074 696f .. The optio\n-000376c0: 6e20 e280 982d 2d70 6172 742d 7575 6964 n ...--part-uuid\n-000376d0: e280 9920 6973 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 ... is currently\n-000376e0: 206f 6e6c 7920 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 only implemente\n-000376f0: 6420 666f 7220 4d53 444f 530a 2020 2020 d for MSDOS. \n-00037700: 2061 6e64 2047 5054 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 and GPT formatt\n-00037710: 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ed disks.....Fil\n-00037720: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00037730: 6f64 653a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 204e 6578 ode: rdmsr, Nex\n-00037740: 743a 2072 6561 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 t: read, Prev: \n-00037750: 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d probe, Up: Comm\n-00037760: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-00037770: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3539 2072 646d 7372 s..17.4.59 rdmsr\n-00037780: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n-00037790: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 3a20 7264 -- Command:: rd\n-000377a0: 6d73 7220 3078 4144 4452 205b 2d76 2056 msr 0xADDR [-v V\n-000377b0: 4152 4e41 4d45 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 ARNAME]. Rea\n-000377c0: 6420 6120 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 d a model-specif\n-000377d0: 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 7220 6174 2061 ic register at a\n-000377e0: 6464 7265 7373 2030 7841 4444 522e 2049 ddress 0xADDR. I\n-000377f0: 6620 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 720a f the parameter.\n-00037800: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 6973 ...-v... is\n-00037810: 2075 7365 6420 616e 6420 616e 2065 6e76 used and an env\n-00037820: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00037830: 6520 5641 524e 414d 4520 6973 2067 6976 e VARNAME is giv\n-00037840: 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 0a20 2020 en, set that. \n-00037850: 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 environment va\n-00037860: 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 riable to the va\n-00037870: 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2077 6173 2072 6561 lue that was rea\n-00037880: 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 6173 6520 d... Please \n-00037890: 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 2053 4d50 note that on SMP\n-000378a0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7265 6164 696e systems, readin\n-000378b0: 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 204d 5352 2074 6861 g from a MSR tha\n-000378c0: 7420 6861 7320 610a 2020 2020 2073 636f t has a. sco\n-000378d0: 7065 2070 6572 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 pe per hardware \n-000378e0: 7468 7265 6164 2c20 696d 706c 6965 7320 thread, implies \n-000378f0: 7468 6174 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 2074 that the value t\n-00037900: 6861 7420 6973 2072 6574 7572 6e65 640a hat is returned.\n-00037910: 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6170 706c 6965 only applie\n-00037920: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 6375 s to the particu\n-00037930: 6c61 7220 6370 752f 636f 7265 2f74 6872 lar cpu/core/thr\n-00037940: 6561 6420 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 7468 ead that runs th\n-00037950: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a e. command..\n-00037960: 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 6966 2079 . Also, if y\n-00037970: 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2072 6573 ou specify a res\n-00037980: 6572 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 6d70 6c65 erved or unimple\n-00037990: 6d65 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 6464 7265 mented MSR addre\n-000379a0: 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c ss, it. will\n-000379b0: 2063 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e 6572 616c cause a general\n-000379c0: 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6578 6365 protection exce\n-000379d0: 7074 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 2069 7320 ption (which is \n-000379e0: 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a 2020 not currently. \n-000379f0: 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e 646c 6564 being handled\n-00037a00: 2920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d ) and the system\n-00037a10: 2077 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f will reboot....\n-00037a20: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00037a30: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6561 642c 2020 , Node: read, \n-00037a40: 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 2050 Next: reboot, P\n-00037a50: 7265 763a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 2055 703a rev: rdmsr, Up:\n-00037a60: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00037a70: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3020 mmands..17.4.60 \n-00037a80: 7265 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d read.-----------\n-00037a90: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00037aa0: 7265 6164 205b 2d73 5d20 5b76 6172 5d0a read [-s] [var].\n-00037ab0: 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 6c69 6e65 Read a line\n-00037ac0: 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 of input from t\n-00037ad0: 6865 2075 7365 722e 2020 4966 2061 6e20 he user. If an \n-00037ae0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00037af0: 6162 6c65 2056 4152 0a20 2020 2020 6973 able VAR. is\n-00037b00: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 given, set that\n-00037b10: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00037b20: 6961 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c 696e iable to the lin\n-00037b30: 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6861 740a e of input that.\n-00037b40: 2020 2020 2077 6173 2072 6561 642c 2077 was read, w\n-00037b50: 6974 6820 6e6f 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7469 ith no terminati\n-00037b60: 6e67 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2049 6620 ng newline. If \n-00037b70: 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 e280 the parameter ..\n-00037b80: 982d 73e2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 .-s... is. u\n-00037b90: 7365 642c 2065 6e61 626c 6520 7369 6c65 sed, enable sile\n-00037ba0: 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 7768 6572 6520 696e nt mode where in\n-00037bb0: 7075 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2070 7269 6e74 put is not print\n-00037bc0: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 ed to the. t\n-00037bd0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 erminal.....File\n-00037be0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00037bf0: 6465 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 de: reboot, Nex\n-00037c00: 743a 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 5072 6576 t: regexp, Prev\n-00037c10: 3a20 7265 6164 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d : read, Up: Com\n-00037c20: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00037c30: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3120 7265 626f ds..17.4.61 rebo\n-00037c40: 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ot.-------------\n-00037c50: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00037c60: 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 5265 626f reboot. Rebo\n-00037c70: 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e ot the computer.\n-00037c80: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00037c90: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6765 nfo, Node: rege\n-00037ca0: 7870 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6d6d 6f64 xp, Next: rmmod\n-00037cb0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6562 6f6f 742c , Prev: reboot,\n-00037cc0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00037cd0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00037ce0: 342e 3632 2072 6567 6578 700a 2d2d 2d2d 4.62 regexp.----\n-00037cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00037d00: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6567 6578 7020 Command: regexp \n-00037d10: 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 6e75 6d62 6572 3a5d [--set [number:]\n-00037d20: 7661 725d 2072 6567 6578 7020 7374 7269 var] regexp stri\n-00037d30: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 2069 6620 ng. Test if \n-00037d40: 7265 6775 6c61 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 regular expressi\n-00037d50: 6f6e 2052 4547 4558 5020 6d61 7463 6865 on REGEXP matche\n-00037d60: 7320 5354 5249 4e47 2e20 2053 7570 706f s STRING. Suppo\n-00037d70: 7274 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6775 6c61 rted. regula\n-00037d80: 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 7320 6172 r expressions ar\n-00037d90: 6520 504f 5349 582e 3220 4578 7465 6e64 e POSIX.2 Extend\n-00037da0: 6564 2052 6567 756c 6172 2045 7870 7265 ed Regular Expre\n-00037db0: 7373 696f 6e73 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 ssions. If. \n-00037dc0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 6574 option ...--set\n-00037dd0: e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7374 ... is given, st\n-00037de0: 6f72 6520 4e55 4d42 4552 7468 206d 6174 ore NUMBERth mat\n-00037df0: 6368 6564 2073 7562 6578 7072 6573 7369 ched subexpressi\n-00037e00: 6f6e 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 on in. varia\n-00037e10: 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 5375 6265 7870 ble VAR. Subexp\n-00037e20: 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2061 7265 206e 756d ressions are num\n-00037e30: 6265 7265 6420 696e 206f 7264 6572 206f bered in order o\n-00037e40: 6620 7468 6569 720a 2020 2020 206f 7065 f their. ope\n-00037e50: 6e69 6e67 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 ning parentheses\n-00037e60: 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 20e2 starting from .\n-00037e70: 8098 31e2 8099 2e20 204e 554d 4245 5220 ..1.... NUMBER \n-00037e80: 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 e280 9831 defaults to ...1\n-00037e90: e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ........File: gr\n-00037ea0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00037eb0: 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7361 rmmod, Next: sa\n-00037ec0: 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 ve_env, Prev: r\n-00037ed0: 6567 6578 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d egexp, Up: Comm\n-00037ee0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-00037ef0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3633 2072 6d6d 6f64 s..17.4.63 rmmod\n-00037f00: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n-00037f10: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6d6d -- Command: rmm\n-00037f20: 6f64 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 2020 2052 od module. R\n-00037f30: 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6c6f 6164 6564 204d emove a loaded M\n-00037f40: 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ODULE.....File: \n-00037f50: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00037f60: 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 : save_env, Nex\n-00037f70: 743a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 5072 6576 t: search, Prev\n-00037f80: 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f : rmmod, Up: Co\n-00037f90: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00037fa0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3634 2073 6176 nds..17.4.64 sav\n-00037fb0: 655f 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e_env.----------\n-00037fc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00037fd0: 616e 643a 2073 6176 655f 656e 7620 5b2d and: save_env [-\n-00037fe0: 2d66 696c 6520 6669 6c65 5d20 7661 7220 -file file] var \n-00037ff0: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 7468 .... Save th\n-00038000: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 e named variable\n-00038010: 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 s from the envir\n-00038020: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 656e onment to the en\n-00038030: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2062 vironment. b\n-00038040: 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 lock file. *Not\n-00038050: 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c e Environment bl\n-00038060: 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ock::... The\n-00038070: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 ...--file... op\n-00038080: 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 tion overrides t\n-00038090: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 he default locat\n-000380a0: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ion of the. \n-000380b0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n-000380c0: 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f k... This co\n-000380d0: 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 206f 7065 7261 mmand will opera\n-000380e0: 7465 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 te successfully \n-000380f0: 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f even when enviro\n-00038100: 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 nment. varia\n-00038110: 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 ble ...check_sig\n-00038120: 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 natures... is se\n-00038130: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 t to ...enforce.\n-00038140: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2063 .. (*note. c\n-00038150: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a heck_signatures:\n-00038160: 3a29 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 6974 2077 7269 :), since it wri\n-00038170: 7465 7320 746f 2064 6973 6b20 616e 6420 tes to disk and \n-00038180: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2061 6c74 6572 2074 does not alter t\n-00038190: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6265 6861 7669 6f72 he. behavior\n-000381a0: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2062 6173 6564 206f of GRUB based o\n-000381b0: 6e20 616e 7920 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f n any contents o\n-000381c0: 6620 6469 736b 2074 6861 7420 6861 7665 f disk that have\n-000381d0: 2062 6565 6e20 7265 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 been read.. \n-000381e0: 2049 7420 6973 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 It is possible \n-000381f0: 746f 206d 6f64 6966 7920 6120 6469 6769 to modify a digi\n-00038200: 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 2065 6e76 tally signed env\n-00038210: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 ironment block f\n-00038220: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d20 7769 ile. from wi\n-00038230: 7468 696e 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 thin GRUB using \n-00038240: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 7375 this command, su\n-00038250: 6368 2074 6861 7420 6974 7320 7369 676e ch that its sign\n-00038260: 6174 7572 6520 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 ature will. \n-00038270: 6e6f 206c 6f6e 6765 7220 6265 2076 616c no longer be val\n-00038280: 6964 206f 6e20 7375 6273 6571 7565 6e74 id on subsequent\n-00038290: 2062 6f6f 7473 2e20 2043 6172 6520 7368 boots. Care sh\n-000382a0: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7461 6b65 6e20 696e ould be taken in\n-000382b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6368 2061 6476 616e . such advan\n-000382c0: 6365 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ced configuratio\n-000382d0: 6e73 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7265 6e64 ns to avoid rend\n-000382e0: 6572 696e 6720 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d ering the system\n-000382f0: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 . unbootable\n-00038300: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 . *Note Using d\n-00038310: 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 igital signature\n-00038320: 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 s::, for more. \n-00038330: 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a information..\n-00038340: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00038350: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6561 7263 fo, Node: searc\n-00038360: 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 h, Next: sendke\n-00038370: 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 y, Prev: save_e\n-00038380: 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nv, Up: Command\n-00038390: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-000383a0: 3137 2e34 2e36 3520 7365 6172 6368 0a2d 17.4.65 search.-\n-000383b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-000383c0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 6172 -- Command: sear\n-000383d0: 6368 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 7c2d 2d6c 6162 ch [--file|--lab\n-000383e0: 656c 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 5d20 5b2d el|--fs-uuid] [-\n-000383f0: 2d73 6574 205b 7661 725d 5d0a 2020 2020 -set [var]]. \n-00038400: 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 666c 6f70 [--no-flop\n-00038410: 7079 7c2d 2d65 6669 6469 736b 2d6f 6e6c py|--efidisk-onl\n-00038420: 795d 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 2053 6561 y] name. Sea\n-00038430: 7263 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 6279 2066 rch devices by f\n-00038440: 696c 6520 28e2 8098 2d66 e280 992c 20e2 ile (...-f..., .\n-00038450: 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9929 2c20 6669 ..--file...), fi\n-00038460: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206c 6162 656c 2028 lesystem label (\n-00038470: e280 982d 6ce2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 ...-l...,. .\n-00038480: 8098 2d2d 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 292c 206f ..--label...), o\n-00038490: 7220 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 5549 r filesystem UUI\n-000384a0: 4420 28e2 8098 2d75 e280 992c 20e2 8098 D (...-u..., ...\n-000384b0: 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 292e 0a0a --fs-uuid...)...\n-000384c0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 28e2 8098 If the (...\n-000384d0: 2d73 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 -s..., ...--set.\n-000384e0: 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 ..) option is us\n-000384f0: 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6465 ed, the first de\n-00038500: 7669 6365 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 730a 2020 vice found is. \n-00038510: 2020 2073 6574 2061 7320 7468 6520 7661 set as the va\n-00038520: 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 lue of environme\n-00038530: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e nt variable VAR.\n-00038540: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 The default va\n-00038550: 7269 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 6973 20e2 riable. is .\n-00038560: 8098 726f 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 ..root...... \n-00038570: 2054 6865 2028 e280 982d 6ee2 8099 2c20 The (...-n..., \n-00038580: e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 666c 6f70 7079 e280 ...--no-floppy..\n-00038590: 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7072 6576 656e .) option preven\n-000385a0: 7473 2073 6561 7263 6869 6e67 2066 6c6f ts searching flo\n-000385b0: 7070 7920 6465 7669 6365 732c 0a20 2020 ppy devices,. \n-000385c0: 2020 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2073 which can be s\n-000385d0: 6c6f 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2028 low... The (\n-000385e0: e280 982d 2d65 6669 6469 736b 2d6f 6e6c ...--efidisk-onl\n-000385f0: 79e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2070 7265 y...) option pre\n-00038600: 7665 6e74 7320 7365 6172 6368 696e 6720 vents searching \n-00038610: 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6465 7669 6365 any other device\n-00038620: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 4546 4920 s. then EFI \n-00038630: 6469 736b 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 disks. This is \n-00038640: 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 6564 2077 typically used w\n-00038650: 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 hen chainloading\n-00038660: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2045 to local. E\n-00038670: 4649 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 FI partition... \n-00038680: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 6561 7263 The ...searc\n-00038690: 682e 6669 6c65 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7365 h.file..., ...se\n-000386a0: 6172 6368 2e66 735f 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 arch.fs_label...\n-000386b0: 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 682e , and ...search.\n-000386c0: 6673 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 fs_uuid... comma\n-000386d0: 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2061 6c69 nds. are ali\n-000386e0: 6173 6573 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 7365 6172 ases for ...sear\n-000386f0: 6368 202d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 ch --file..., ..\n-00038700: 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 6c61 6265 6ce2 .search --label.\n-00038710: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 .., and ...searc\n-00038720: 680a 2020 2020 202d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 h. --fs-uuid\n-00038730: e280 9920 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 ... respectively\n-00038740: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2068 696e ... Also hin\n-00038750: 7473 2061 7320 746f 2077 6869 6368 2064 ts as to which d\n-00038760: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2074 6865 evice may be the\n-00038770: 206d 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 6c79 2074 6f20 most likely to \n-00038780: 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 contain the. \n-00038790: 2069 7465 6d20 7365 6172 6368 6564 2066 item searched f\n-000387a0: 6f72 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 or may be given \n-000387b0: 7669 6120 7468 6520 28e2 8098 2d68 e280 via the (...-h..\n-000387c0: 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 e280 9929 ., ...--hint...)\n-000387d0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 7468 0a20 2020 option with. \n-000387e0: 2020 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 a device name \n-000387f0: 6173 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2e20 as an argument. \n-00038800: 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 If the argument\n-00038810: 2065 6e64 7320 7769 7468 2061 2063 6f6d ends with a com\n-00038820: 6d61 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7061 ma,. then pa\n-00038830: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 7468 6520 rtitions on the \n-00038840: 6465 7669 6365 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 device are also \n-00038850: 7365 6172 6368 6564 2e20 2046 7572 7468 searched. Furth\n-00038860: 6572 6d6f 7265 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 6c61 ermore,. pla\n-00038870: 7466 6f72 6d20 7370 6563 6966 6963 2068 tform specific h\n-00038880: 696e 7473 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 ints may be give\n-00038890: 6e20 7669 6120 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e n via the option\n-000388a0: 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 s. ...--hint\n-000388b0: 2d69 6565 6531 3237 35e2 8099 2c20 e280 -ieee1275..., ..\n-000388c0: 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6269 6f73 e280 992c .--hint-bios...,\n-000388d0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d62 6172 656d ...--hint-barem\n-000388e0: 6574 616c e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 etal..., ...--hi\n-000388f0: 6e74 2d65 6669 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 nt-efi...,. \n-00038900: 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6172 and ...--hint-ar\n-00038910: 63e2 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7370 6563 c.... When spec\n-00038920: 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 7365 206f 7074 ified, these opt\n-00038930: 696f 6e73 2074 616b 6520 616e 2061 7267 ions take an arg\n-00038940: 756d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 206f ument. and o\n-00038950: 7065 7261 7465 206c 696b 6520 e280 982d perate like ...-\n-00038960: 2d68 696e 74e2 8099 2c20 6275 7420 6f6e -hint..., but on\n-00038970: 6c79 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 ly on the specif\n-00038980: 6965 6420 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 0a1f ied platform....\n-00038990: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000389a0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 656e 646b 6579 , Node: sendkey\n-000389b0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6574 2c20 2050 , Next: set, P\n-000389c0: 7265 763a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 5570 rev: search, Up\n-000389d0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-000389e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3636 ommands..17.4.66\n-000389f0: 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sendkey.-------\n-00038a00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00038a10: 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a20 mmand: sendkey. \n-00038a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6e75 6d7c [--num|\n-00038a30: 2d2d 6361 7073 7c2d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c7c --caps|--scroll|\n-00038a40: 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 7c2d 2d70 6175 7365 --insert|--pause\n-00038a50: 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 7368 6966 747c 2d2d |--left-shift|--\n-00038a60: 7269 6768 742d 7368 6966 747c 2d2d 7379 right-shift|--sy\n-00038a70: 7372 717c 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 7c2d 2d63 srq|--numkey|--c\n-00038a80: 6170 736b 6579 7c2d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c6b apskey|--scrollk\n-00038a90: 6579 7c2d 2d69 6e73 6572 746b 6579 7c2d ey|--insertkey|-\n-00038aa0: 2d6c 6566 742d 616c 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 -left-alt|--righ\n-00038ab0: 742d 616c 747c 2d2d 6c65 6674 2d63 7472 t-alt|--left-ctr\n-00038ac0: 6c7c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 6374 726c 0a20 l|--right-ctrl. \n-00038ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 6e7c 6f66 665d on|off]\n-00038ae0: 2e2e 2e20 5b6e 6f2d 6c65 645d 206b 6579 ... [no-led] key\n-00038af0: 7374 726f 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 496e 7365 stroke. Inse\n-00038b00: 7274 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 696e rt keystrokes in\n-00038b10: 746f 2074 6865 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 to the keyboard \n-00038b20: 6275 6666 6572 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 buffer when boot\n-00038b30: 696e 672e 2020 536f 6d65 7469 6d65 730a ing. Sometimes.\n-00038b40: 2020 2020 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e an operatin\n-00038b50: 6720 7379 7374 656d 206f 7220 6368 6169 g system or chai\n-00038b60: 6e6c 6f61 6465 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 nloaded boot loa\n-00038b70: 6465 7220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2070 6172 der requires par\n-00038b80: 7469 6375 6c61 720a 2020 2020 206b 6579 ticular. key\n-00038b90: 7320 746f 2062 6520 7072 6573 7365 643a s to be pressed:\n-00038ba0: 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6f6e for example, on\n-00038bb0: 6520 6d69 6768 7420 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 e might need to \n-00038bc0: 7072 6573 7320 610a 2020 2020 2070 6172 press a. par\n-00038bd0: 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6b65 7920 746f 2065 ticular key to e\n-00038be0: 6e74 6572 2022 7361 6665 206d 6f64 6522 nter \"safe mode\"\n-00038bf0: 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e6c , or when chainl\n-00038c00: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a20 oading another. \n-00038c10: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 boot loader \n-00038c20: 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 7365 6e64 206b one might send k\n-00038c30: 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 746f 2069 7420 eystrokes to it \n-00038c40: 746f 206e 6176 6967 6174 6520 6974 7320 to navigate its \n-00038c50: 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 menu... Note\n-00038c60: 3a20 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 : This command i\n-00038c70: 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 s currently only\n-00038c80: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 available on th\n-00038c90: 6520 6933 3836 2d70 630a 2020 2020 2074 e i386-pc. t\n-00038ca0: 6172 6765 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2059 6f75 arget... You\n-00038cb0: 206d 6179 2070 726f 7669 6465 2075 7020 may provide up \n-00038cc0: 746f 2031 3620 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 to 16 keystrokes\n-00038cd0: 2028 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 (the length of \n-00038ce0: 7468 6520 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 the BIOS. ke\n-00038cf0: 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 7229 2e20 yboard buffer). \n-00038d00: 204b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 206e 616d 6573 Keystroke names\n-00038d10: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7570 7065 722d 6361 may be upper-ca\n-00038d20: 7365 206f 7220 6c6f 7765 722d 6361 7365 se or lower-case\n-00038d30: 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7474 6572 732c 2064 . letters, d\n-00038d40: 6967 6974 732c 206f 7220 7461 6b65 6e20 igits, or taken \n-00038d50: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 from the followi\n-00038d60: 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ng table:.. \n-00038d70: 4e61 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 Name \n-00038d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4b65 Ke\n-00038d90: 790a 2020 2020 202d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d y. ---------\n+00036220: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00036230: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 mand: password_p\n+00036240: 626b 6466 3220 7573 6572 2068 6173 6865 bkdf2 user hashe\n+00036250: 642d 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a20 2020 2020 d-password. \n+00036260: 4465 6669 6e65 2061 2075 7365 7220 6e61 Define a user na\n+00036270: 6d65 6420 5553 4552 2077 6974 6820 7061 med USER with pa\n+00036280: 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 6820 4841 5348 ssword hash HASH\n+00036290: 4544 2d50 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 5573 ED-PASSWORD. Us\n+000362a0: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d e. ...grub-m\n+000362b0: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 kpasswd-pbkdf2..\n+000362c0: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e . (*note Invokin\n+000362d0: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g grub-mkpasswd-\n+000362e0: 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 746f 0a20 2020 pbkdf2::) to. \n+000362f0: 2020 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2070 6173 7377 generate passw\n+00036300: 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f ord hashes. *No\n+00036310: 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a te Security::...\n+00036320: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00036330: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d o, Node: plainm\n+00036340: 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6c61 ount, Next: pla\n+00036350: 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 7373 776f y, Prev: passwo\n+00036360: 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5570 3a20 rd_pbkdf2, Up: \n+00036370: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00036380: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3536 2070 mands..17.4.56 p\n+00036390: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lainmount.------\n+000363a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+000363b0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6c61 696e - Command: plain\n+000363c0: 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 7669 6365 202d 6320 mount device -c \n+000363d0: 6369 7068 6572 202d 7320 6b65 7920 7369 cipher -s key si\n+000363e0: 7a65 205b 2d68 2068 6173 685d 0a20 2020 ze [-h hash]. \n+000363f0: 2020 5be2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 7365 6374 [...-S... sect\n+00036400: 6f72 2073 697a 655d 205b e280 982d 70e2 or size] [...-p.\n+00036410: 8099 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645d 205b e280 .. password] [..\n+00036420: 982d 75e2 8099 2075 7569 645d 205b 5be2 .-u... uuid] [[.\n+00036430: 8098 2d64 e280 9920 6b65 7966 696c 655d ..-d... keyfile]\n+00036440: 0a20 2020 2020 5be2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 . [...-O... \n+00036450: 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6f66 6673 6574 5d5d keyfile offset]]\n+00036460: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 6363 .. Setup acc\n+00036470: 6573 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e63 7279 ess to the encry\n+00036480: 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 2070 pted device in p\n+00036490: 6c61 696e 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4f66 6673 lain mode. Offs\n+000364a0: 6574 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 et of the. e\n+000364b0: 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6174 6120 6174 ncrypted data at\n+000364c0: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 2073 the device is s\n+000364d0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7465 726d pecified in term\n+000364e0: 7320 6f66 2035 3132 2062 7974 650a 2020 s of 512 byte. \n+000364f0: 2020 2073 6563 746f 7273 2075 7369 6e67 sectors using\n+00036500: 2074 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 the blocklist s\n+00036510: 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 6c6f 6f70 6261 yntax and loopba\n+00036520: 636b 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 650a ck device. The.\n+00036530: 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 following e\n+00036540: 7861 6d70 6c65 2073 686f 7773 2068 6f77 xample shows how\n+00036550: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 314d 6942 to specify 1MiB\n+00036560: 206f 6666 7365 743a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 offset:.. \n+00036570: 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 206e 6f64 loopback nod\n+00036580: 6520 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3129 3230 3438 e (hd0,gpt1)2048\n+00036590: 2b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 +. plai\n+000365a0: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 206e 6f64 6520 2e2e 2e0a nmount node ....\n+000365b0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9870 6c61 . The ...pla\n+000365c0: 696e 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 inmount... comma\n+000365d0: 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 nd can be used t\n+000365e0: 6f20 6f70 656e 204c 554b 5320 656e 6372 o open LUKS encr\n+000365f0: 7970 7465 6420 766f 6c75 6d65 0a20 2020 ypted volume. \n+00036600: 2020 6966 2069 7473 206d 6173 7465 7220 if its master \n+00036610: 6b65 7920 616e 6420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 key and paramete\n+00036620: 7273 2028 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2c20 6369 rs (key size, ci\n+00036630: 7068 6572 2c20 6f66 6673 6574 2c20 6574 pher, offset, et\n+00036640: 6329 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 6b6e 6f77 c). are know\n+00036650: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 7265 2061 n... There a\n+00036660: 7265 2074 776f 2077 6179 7320 746f 2073 re two ways to s\n+00036670: 7065 6369 6679 2061 2070 6173 7377 6f72 pecify a passwor\n+00036680: 643a 2061 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2061 6e64 d: a keyfile and\n+00036690: 2061 2073 6563 7265 740a 2020 2020 2070 a secret. p\n+000366a0: 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 2020 5468 6520 assphrase. The \n+000366b0: 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7061 7468 2070 6172 keyfile path par\n+000366c0: 616d 6574 6572 2068 6173 2068 6967 6865 ameter has highe\n+000366d0: 7220 7072 696f 7269 7479 2074 6861 6e0a r priority than.\n+000366e0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6563 7265 7420 the secret \n+000366f0: 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2070 6172 616d passphrase param\n+00036700: 6574 6572 2061 6e64 2069 7320 7370 6563 eter and is spec\n+00036710: 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f ified with the o\n+00036720: 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d64 ption. ...-d\n+00036730: e280 992e 2020 5061 7373 776f 7264 2064 .... Password d\n+00036740: 6174 6120 6f62 7461 696e 6564 2066 726f ata obtained fro\n+00036750: 6d20 6b65 7966 696c 6573 2069 7320 6e6f m keyfiles is no\n+00036760: 7420 6861 7368 6564 2061 6e64 2069 730a t hashed and is.\n+00036770: 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 used direct\n+00036780: 6c79 2061 7320 6120 6369 7068 6572 206b ly as a cipher k\n+00036790: 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c ey. An optional\n+000367a0: 206f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2070 6173 7377 offset of passw\n+000367b0: 6f72 6420 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 696e ord data. in\n+000367c0: 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2063 616e the keyfile can\n+000367d0: 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 be specified wi\n+000367e0: 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 th the option ..\n+000367f0: 982d 4fe2 8099 206f 7220 6469 7265 6374 .-O... or direct\n+00036800: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 ly. with the\n+00036810: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 64e2 8099 option ...-d...\n+00036820: 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 626c 6f63 6b6c and GRUB blockl\n+00036830: 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 6966 2074 ist syntax, if t\n+00036840: 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2064 6174 610a he keyfile data.\n+00036850: 2020 2020 2063 616e 2062 6520 6163 6365 can be acce\n+00036860: 7373 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6465 7669 ssed from a devi\n+00036870: 6365 2061 6e64 2069 7320 3531 3220 6279 ce and is 512 by\n+00036880: 7465 2061 6c69 676e 6564 2e20 2054 6865 te aligned. The\n+00036890: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 . following \n+000368a0: 6578 616d 706c 6520 7368 6f77 7320 626f example shows bo\n+000368b0: 7468 206d 6574 686f 6473 2074 6f20 7370 th methods to sp\n+000368c0: 6563 6966 7920 7061 7373 776f 7264 2064 ecify password d\n+000368d0: 6174 6120 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 ata in. the \n+000368e0: 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6174 206f 6666 7365 keyfile at offse\n+000368f0: 7420 314d 6942 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t 1MiB:.. \n+00036900: 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 2d64 plainmount -d\n+00036910: 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 2932 3034 382b (hd0,gpt1)2048+\n+00036920: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 .... p\n+00036930: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 2d64 2028 6864 lainmount -d (hd\n+00036940: 302c 6770 7431 292b 202d 4f20 3130 3438 0,gpt1)+ -O 1048\n+00036950: 3537 3620 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 576 ..... If\n+00036960: 206e 6f20 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6973 2073 no keyfile is s\n+00036970: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6865 6e20 7468 pecified then th\n+00036980: 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 7365 e password is se\n+00036990: 7420 746f 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a t to the string.\n+000369a0: 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2062 specified b\n+000369b0: 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 y option ...-p..\n+000369c0: 9920 6f72 2069 7320 7265 7175 6573 7465 . or is requeste\n+000369d0: 6420 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 656c 7920 d interactively \n+000369e0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f from the. co\n+000369f0: 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 496e 2062 6f74 6820 nsole. In both \n+00036a00: 6361 7365 7320 7468 6520 7072 6f76 6964 cases the provid\n+00036a10: 6564 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6973 2068 ed password is h\n+00036a20: 6173 6865 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a20 ashed with the. \n+00036a30: 2020 2020 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d20 7370 algorithm sp\n+00036a40: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 2074 6865 206f ecified by the o\n+00036a50: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 68e2 8099 2e20 ption ...-h.... \n+00036a60: 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 This option is \n+00036a70: 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 790a 2020 2020 2069 mandatory. i\n+00036a80: 6620 6e6f 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2069 7320 f no keyfile is \n+00036a90: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2062 7574 2069 specified, but i\n+00036aa0: 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 t can be set to \n+00036ab0: e280 9870 6c61 696e e280 9920 7768 6963 ...plain... whic\n+00036ac0: 680a 2020 2020 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 h. means tha\n+00036ad0: 7420 6e6f 2068 6173 6869 6e67 2069 7320 t no hashing is \n+00036ae0: 646f 6e65 2061 6e64 2073 7563 6820 7061 done and such pa\n+00036af0: 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 7573 6564 2064 ssword is used d\n+00036b00: 6972 6563 746c 7920 6173 0a20 2020 2020 irectly as. \n+00036b10: 6120 6b65 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6970 a key... Cip\n+00036b20: 6865 7220 e280 982d 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 her ...-c... and\n+00036b30: 206b 6579 7369 7a65 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 keysize ...-s..\n+00036b40: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7370 6563 6966 . options specif\n+00036b50: 7920 7468 6520 6369 7068 6572 2061 6c67 y the cipher alg\n+00036b60: 6f72 6974 686d 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 orithm. and \n+00036b70: 7468 6520 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2072 6573 the key size res\n+00036b80: 7065 6374 6976 656c 7920 616e 6420 6172 pectively and ar\n+00036b90: 6520 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 7920 6f70 7469 e mandatory opti\n+00036ba0: 6f6e 732e 2020 4369 7068 6572 0a20 2020 ons. Cipher. \n+00036bb0: 2020 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 must be specif\n+00036bc0: 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206d 6f64 ied with the mod\n+00036bd0: 6520 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 e separated by a\n+00036be0: 2064 6173 6820 2866 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 dash (for examp\n+00036bf0: 6c65 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6165 732d le,. ...aes-\n+00036c00: 7874 732d 706c 6169 6e36 34e2 8099 292e xts-plain64...).\n+00036c10: 2020 4b65 7920 7369 7a65 206f 7074 696f Key size optio\n+00036c20: 6e20 e280 982d 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7468 n ...-s... is th\n+00036c30: 6520 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 7468 e key size of th\n+00036c40: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6970 6865 7220 696e e. cipher in\n+00036c50: 2062 6974 732c 206e 6f74 2074 6f20 6265 bits, not to be\n+00036c60: 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 7769 7468 2074 confused with t\n+00036c70: 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2074 6865 he offset of the\n+00036c80: 206b 6579 2064 6174 610a 2020 2020 2069 key data. i\n+00036c90: 6e20 6120 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7370 6563 n a keyfile spec\n+00036ca0: 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 ified with the .\n+00036cb0: 8098 2d4f e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 ..-O... option. \n+00036cc0: 2049 7420 6d75 7374 206e 6f74 2065 7863 It must not exc\n+00036cd0: 6565 640a 2020 2020 2031 3032 3420 6269 eed. 1024 bi\n+00036ce0: 7473 2c20 736f 2061 2033 3220 6279 7465 ts, so a 32 byte\n+00036cf0: 206b 6579 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7370 key would be sp\n+00036d00: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2032 3536 2062 ecified as 256 b\n+00036d10: 6974 730a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6f70 its.. The op\n+00036d20: 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 tional parameter\n+00036d30: 20e2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 ...-S... specif\n+00036d40: 6965 7320 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 ies encrypted de\n+00036d50: 7669 6365 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 vice sector size\n+00036d60: 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 7420 6d75 7374 2062 .. It must b\n+00036d70: 6520 6174 206c 6561 7374 2035 3132 2062 e at least 512 b\n+00036d80: 7974 6573 206c 6f6e 6720 2864 6566 6175 ytes long (defau\n+00036d90: 6c74 2076 616c 7565 2920 616e 6420 6120 lt value) and a \n+00036da0: 706f 7765 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 322e power of. 2.\n+00036db0: 2020 2831 2920 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 706c (1) (*note pl\n+00036dc0: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 ainmount-Footnot\n+00036dd0: 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2044 6973 6b20 7365 e-1::). Disk se\n+00036de0: 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6520 6973 0a20 2020 ctor size is. \n+00036df0: 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2077 6865 configured whe\n+00036e00: 6e20 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2065 n creating the e\n+00036e10: 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2076 6f6c 756d 652e ncrypted volume.\n+00036e20: 2020 4174 7465 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 6f0a Attempting to.\n+00036e30: 2020 2020 2064 6563 7279 7074 2076 6f6c decrypt vol\n+00036e40: 756d 6573 2077 6974 6820 6120 6469 6666 umes with a diff\n+00036e50: 6572 656e 7420 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a erent sector siz\n+00036e60: 6520 7468 616e 2069 7420 7761 7320 6372 e than it was cr\n+00036e70: 6561 7465 640a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 eated. with \n+00036e80: 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2072 6573 756c 7420 will not result \n+00036e90: 696e 2061 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2062 7574 in an error, but\n+00036ea0: 2077 696c 6c20 6465 6372 7970 7420 746f will decrypt to\n+00036eb0: 2072 616e 646f 6d20 6279 7465 730a 2020 random bytes. \n+00036ec0: 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6875 7320 7072 6576 and thus prev\n+00036ed0: 656e 7420 6163 6365 7373 696e 6720 7468 ent accessing th\n+00036ee0: 6520 766f 6c75 6d65 2028 696e 2073 6f6d e volume (in som\n+00036ef0: 6520 6361 7365 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 e cases the file\n+00036f00: 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6472 6976 system. driv\n+00036f10: 6572 2063 616e 2064 6574 6563 7420 7468 er can detect th\n+00036f20: 6520 7072 6573 656e 6365 206f 6620 6120 e presence of a \n+00036f30: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6275 7420 filesystem, but \n+00036f40: 6e65 7665 7274 6865 6c65 7373 0a20 2020 nevertheless. \n+00036f50: 2020 7769 6c6c 2072 6566 7573 6520 746f will refuse to\n+00036f60: 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7429 2e0a 0a20 2020 mount it)... \n+00036f70: 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206e 6577 By default new\n+00036f80: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 7669 plainmount devi\n+00036f90: 6365 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6769 7665 ces will be give\n+00036fa0: 6e20 6120 5555 4944 2073 7461 7274 696e n a UUID startin\n+00036fb0: 670a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 2731 3039 g. with '109\n+00036fc0: 6665 6138 342d 6136 6237 2d33 3461 382d fea84-a6b7-34a8-\n+00036fd0: 3462 6431 2d31 6335 3036 3330 3561 3430 4bd1-1c506305a40\n+00036fe0: 3127 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 206c 6173 1' where the las\n+00036ff0: 7420 6469 6769 7473 0a20 2020 2020 6172 t digits. ar\n+00037000: 6520 696e 6372 656d 656e 7465 6420 6279 e incremented by\n+00037010: 206f 6e65 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 706c one for each pl\n+00037020: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 6564 2064 6576 6963 ainmounted devic\n+00037030: 6520 6265 796f 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 e beyond the. \n+00037040: 2020 6669 7273 7420 7570 2074 6f20 325e first up to 2^\n+00037050: 3130 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 10 devices... \n+00037060: 2020 416c 6c20 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e All encryption\n+00037070: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2028 6369 7068 arguments (ciph\n+00037080: 6572 2c20 6861 7368 2c20 6b65 7920 7369 er, hash, key si\n+00037090: 7a65 2c20 6469 736b 206f 6666 7365 7420 ze, disk offset \n+000370a0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2064 6973 6b20 7365 and. disk se\n+000370b0: 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6529 206d 7573 7420 ctor size) must \n+000370c0: 6d61 7463 6820 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 match the parame\n+000370d0: 7465 7273 2075 7365 6420 746f 2063 7265 ters used to cre\n+000370e0: 6174 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 6f6c ate the. vol\n+000370f0: 756d 652e 2020 4966 2061 6e79 206f 6620 ume. If any of \n+00037100: 7468 656d 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6d61 them does not ma\n+00037110: 7463 6820 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c 2061 tch the actual a\n+00037120: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2075 7365 640a 2020 rguments used. \n+00037130: 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 696e during the in\n+00037140: 6974 6961 6c20 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e itial encryption\n+00037150: 2c20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2077 696c , plainmount wil\n+00037160: 6c20 6372 6561 7465 2076 6972 7475 616c l create virtual\n+00037170: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 2077 6974 . device wit\n+00037180: 6820 7468 6520 6761 7262 6167 6520 6461 h the garbage da\n+00037190: 7461 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c ta and GRUB will\n+000371a0: 2072 6570 6f72 7420 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e0a report unknown.\n+000371b0: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 filesystem \n+000371c0: 666f 7220 7375 6368 2064 6576 6963 652e for such device.\n+000371d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000371e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 nfo, Node: plai\n+000371f0: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 nmount-Footnotes\n+00037200: 2c20 2055 703a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e , Up: plainmoun\n+00037210: 740a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e t.. (1) Curren\n+00037220: 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e t implementation\n+00037230: 206f 6620 6372 7970 7473 6574 7570 2073 of cryptsetup s\n+00037240: 7570 706f 7274 7320 6f6e 6c79 0a35 3132 upports only.512\n+00037250: 2f31 3032 342f 3230 3438 2f34 3039 3620 /1024/2048/4096 \n+00037260: 6279 7465 2073 6563 746f 7273 0a0a 1f0a byte sectors....\n+00037270: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00037280: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 204e Node: play, N\n+00037290: 6578 743a 2070 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 ext: probe, Pre\n+000372a0: 763a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 v: plainmount, \n+000372b0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+000372c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+000372d0: 3537 2070 6c61 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 57 play.--------\n+000372e0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+000372f0: 643a 2070 6c61 7920 6669 6c65 207c 2074 d: play file | t\n+00037300: 656d 706f 205b 7069 7463 6831 2064 7572 empo [pitch1 dur\n+00037310: 6174 696f 6e31 5d20 5b70 6974 6368 3220 ation1] [pitch2 \n+00037320: 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 325d 202e 2e2e 0a20 duration2] .... \n+00037330: 2020 2020 506c 6179 7320 6120 7475 6e65 Plays a tune\n+00037340: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 .. If the ar\n+00037350: 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6669 6c65 gument is a file\n+00037360: 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c name (*note Fil\n+00037370: 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 e name syntax::)\n+00037380: 2c20 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 , play the. \n+00037390: 7475 6e65 2072 6563 6f72 6465 6420 696e tune recorded in\n+000373a0: 2069 742e 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 2066 it. The file f\n+000373b0: 6f72 6d61 7420 6973 2066 6972 7374 2074 ormat is first t\n+000373c0: 6865 2074 656d 706f 2061 7320 616e 0a20 he tempo as an. \n+000373d0: 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2033 3262 unsigned 32b\n+000373e0: 6974 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e it little-endian\n+000373f0: 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 7061 number, then pa\n+00037400: 6972 7320 6f66 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 irs of unsigned \n+00037410: 3136 6269 740a 2020 2020 206c 6974 746c 16bit. littl\n+00037420: 652d 656e 6469 616e 206e 756d 6265 7273 e-endian numbers\n+00037430: 2066 6f72 2070 6974 6368 2061 6e64 2064 for pitch and d\n+00037440: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 7061 6972 732e 0a0a uration pairs...\n+00037450: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 If the argu\n+00037460: 6d65 6e74 7320 6172 6520 6120 7365 7269 ments are a seri\n+00037470: 6573 206f 6620 6e75 6d62 6572 732c 2070 es of numbers, p\n+00037480: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 696e 6c69 6e65 2074 lay the inline t\n+00037490: 756e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 une... The t\n+000374a0: 656d 706f 2069 7320 7468 6520 6261 7365 empo is the base\n+000374b0: 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 206e 6f74 6520 6475 for all note du\n+000374c0: 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 3630 2067 6976 rations. 60 giv\n+000374d0: 6573 2061 2031 2d73 6563 6f6e 640a 2020 es a 1-second. \n+000374e0: 2020 2062 6173 652c 2031 3230 2067 6976 base, 120 giv\n+000374f0: 6573 2061 2068 616c 662d 7365 636f 6e64 es a half-second\n+00037500: 2062 6173 652c 2065 7463 2e20 2050 6974 base, etc. Pit\n+00037510: 6368 6573 2061 7265 2048 7a2e 2020 5365 ches are Hz. Se\n+00037520: 740a 2020 2020 2070 6974 6368 2074 6f20 t. pitch to \n+00037530: 3020 746f 2070 726f 6475 6365 2061 2072 0 to produce a r\n+00037540: 6573 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 est.....File: gr\n+00037550: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00037560: 7072 6f62 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7264 probe, Next: rd\n+00037570: 6d73 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 706c 6179 msr, Prev: play\n+00037580: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00037590: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+000375a0: 2e34 2e35 3820 7072 6f62 650a 2d2d 2d2d .4.58 probe.----\n+000375b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+000375c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7072 6f62 6520 5b2d ommand: probe [-\n+000375d0: 2d73 6574 2076 6172 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 -set var]. \n+000375e0: 2020 2020 2d2d 6472 6976 6572 7c2d 2d70 --driver|--p\n+000375f0: 6172 746d 6170 7c2d 2d66 737c 2d2d 6673 artmap|--fs|--fs\n+00037600: 2d75 7569 647c 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c7c 2d2d -uuid|--label|--\n+00037610: 7061 7274 2d75 7569 6420 6465 7669 6365 part-uuid device\n+00037620: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2064 . Retrieve d\n+00037630: 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f evice informatio\n+00037640: 6e2e 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 n. If option ..\n+00037650: 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 .--set... is giv\n+00037660: 656e 2c20 6173 7369 676e 0a20 2020 2020 en, assign. \n+00037670: 7265 7375 6c74 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6162 result to variab\n+00037680: 6c65 2056 4152 2c20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 le VAR, otherwis\n+00037690: 6520 7072 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 e print informat\n+000376a0: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 ion on the scree\n+000376b0: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f 7074 n... The opt\n+000376c0: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d70 6172 742d 7575 ion ...--part-uu\n+000376d0: 6964 e280 9920 6973 2063 7572 7265 6e74 id... is current\n+000376e0: 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 696d 706c 656d 656e ly only implemen\n+000376f0: 7465 6420 666f 7220 4d53 444f 530a 2020 ted for MSDOS. \n+00037700: 2020 2061 6e64 2047 5054 2066 6f72 6d61 and GPT forma\n+00037710: 7474 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 tted disks.....F\n+00037720: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00037730: 204e 6f64 653a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 204e Node: rdmsr, N\n+00037740: 6578 743a 2072 6561 642c 2020 5072 6576 ext: read, Prev\n+00037750: 3a20 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f : probe, Up: Co\n+00037760: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00037770: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3539 2072 646d nds..17.4.59 rdm\n+00037780: 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sr.-------------\n+00037790: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 3a20 .. -- Command:: \n+000377a0: 7264 6d73 7220 3078 4144 4452 205b 2d76 rdmsr 0xADDR [-v\n+000377b0: 2056 4152 4e41 4d45 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 VARNAME]. R\n+000377c0: 6561 6420 6120 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 ead a model-spec\n+000377d0: 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 7220 6174 ific register at\n+000377e0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2030 7841 4444 522e address 0xADDR.\n+000377f0: 2049 6620 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 If the paramete\n+00037800: 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 r. ...-v... \n+00037810: 6973 2075 7365 6420 616e 6420 616e 2065 is used and an e\n+00037820: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00037830: 626c 6520 5641 524e 414d 4520 6973 2067 ble VARNAME is g\n+00037840: 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 0a20 iven, set that. \n+00037850: 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 environment \n+00037860: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 6520 variable to the \n+00037870: 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2077 6173 2072 value that was r\n+00037880: 6561 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 6173 ead... Pleas\n+00037890: 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 2053 e note that on S\n+000378a0: 4d50 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7265 6164 MP systems, read\n+000378b0: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 204d 5352 2074 ing from a MSR t\n+000378c0: 6861 7420 6861 7320 610a 2020 2020 2073 hat has a. s\n+000378d0: 636f 7065 2070 6572 2068 6172 6477 6172 cope per hardwar\n+000378e0: 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 696d 706c 6965 e thread, implie\n+000378f0: 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 s that the value\n+00037900: 2074 6861 7420 6973 2072 6574 7572 6e65 that is returne\n+00037910: 640a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6170 706c d. only appl\n+00037920: 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 ies to the parti\n+00037930: 6375 6c61 7220 6370 752f 636f 7265 2f74 cular cpu/core/t\n+00037940: 6872 6561 6420 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 hread that runs \n+00037950: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the. command\n+00037960: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 6966 ... Also, if\n+00037970: 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2072 you specify a r\n+00037980: 6573 6572 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 6d70 eserved or unimp\n+00037990: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 6464 lemented MSR add\n+000379a0: 7265 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 ress, it. wi\n+000379b0: 6c6c 2063 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e 6572 ll cause a gener\n+000379c0: 616c 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6578 al protection ex\n+000379d0: 6365 7074 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 2069 ception (which i\n+000379e0: 7320 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a s not currently.\n+000379f0: 2020 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e 646c being handl\n+00037a00: 6564 2920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 7374 ed) and the syst\n+00037a10: 656d 2077 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 2e0a em will reboot..\n+00037a20: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00037a30: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6561 642c fo, Node: read,\n+00037a40: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 Next: reboot, \n+00037a50: 2050 7265 763a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 2055 Prev: rdmsr, U\n+00037a60: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00037a70: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 commands..17.4.6\n+00037a80: 3020 7265 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0 read.---------\n+00037a90: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00037aa0: 3a20 7265 6164 205b 2d73 5d20 5b76 6172 : read [-s] [var\n+00037ab0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 6c69 ]. Read a li\n+00037ac0: 6e65 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 6672 6f6d ne of input from\n+00037ad0: 2074 6865 2075 7365 722e 2020 4966 2061 the user. If a\n+00037ae0: 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 n environment va\n+00037af0: 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 0a20 2020 2020 riable VAR. \n+00037b00: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 is given, set th\n+00037b10: 6174 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 at environment v\n+00037b20: 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c ariable to the l\n+00037b30: 696e 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6861 ine of input tha\n+00037b40: 740a 2020 2020 2077 6173 2072 6561 642c t. was read,\n+00037b50: 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 with no termina\n+00037b60: 7469 6e67 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2049 ting newline. I\n+00037b70: 6620 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 f the parameter \n+00037b80: e280 982d 73e2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 ...-s... is. \n+00037b90: 2075 7365 642c 2065 6e61 626c 6520 7369 used, enable si\n+00037ba0: 6c65 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 7768 6572 6520 lent mode where \n+00037bb0: 696e 7075 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2070 7269 input is not pri\n+00037bc0: 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 nted to the. \n+00037bd0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 terminal.....Fi\n+00037be0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00037bf0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 204e Node: reboot, N\n+00037c00: 6578 743a 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 5072 ext: regexp, Pr\n+00037c10: 6576 3a20 7265 6164 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ev: read, Up: C\n+00037c20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00037c30: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3120 7265 ands..17.4.61 re\n+00037c40: 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d boot.-----------\n+00037c50: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00037c60: 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 5265 : reboot. Re\n+00037c70: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 boot the compute\n+00037c80: 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 r.....File: grub\n+00037c90: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 .info, Node: re\n+00037ca0: 6765 7870 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6d6d gexp, Next: rmm\n+00037cb0: 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6562 6f6f od, Prev: reboo\n+00037cc0: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n+00037cd0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+00037ce0: 372e 342e 3632 2072 6567 6578 700a 2d2d 7.4.62 regexp.--\n+00037cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00037d00: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6567 6578 - Command: regex\n+00037d10: 7020 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 6e75 6d62 6572 p [--set [number\n+00037d20: 3a5d 7661 725d 2072 6567 6578 7020 7374 :]var] regexp st\n+00037d30: 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 2069 ring. Test i\n+00037d40: 6620 7265 6775 6c61 7220 6578 7072 6573 f regular expres\n+00037d50: 7369 6f6e 2052 4547 4558 5020 6d61 7463 sion REGEXP matc\n+00037d60: 6865 7320 5354 5249 4e47 2e20 2053 7570 hes STRING. Sup\n+00037d70: 706f 7274 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6775 ported. regu\n+00037d80: 6c61 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 7320 lar expressions \n+00037d90: 6172 6520 504f 5349 582e 3220 4578 7465 are POSIX.2 Exte\n+00037da0: 6e64 6564 2052 6567 756c 6172 2045 7870 nded Regular Exp\n+00037db0: 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2e20 2049 660a 2020 ressions. If. \n+00037dc0: 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 option ...--s\n+00037dd0: 6574 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 et... is given, \n+00037de0: 7374 6f72 6520 4e55 4d42 4552 7468 206d store NUMBERth m\n+00037df0: 6174 6368 6564 2073 7562 6578 7072 6573 atched subexpres\n+00037e00: 7369 6f6e 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2076 6172 sion in. var\n+00037e10: 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 5375 6265 iable VAR. Sube\n+00037e20: 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2061 7265 206e xpressions are n\n+00037e30: 756d 6265 7265 6420 696e 206f 7264 6572 umbered in order\n+00037e40: 206f 6620 7468 6569 720a 2020 2020 206f of their. o\n+00037e50: 7065 6e69 6e67 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 pening parenthes\n+00037e60: 6573 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d es starting from\n+00037e70: 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 2e20 204e 554d 4245 ...1.... NUMBE\n+00037e80: 5220 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 e280 R defaults to ..\n+00037e90: 9831 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 .1........File: \n+00037ea0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00037eb0: 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : rmmod, Next: \n+00037ec0: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 763a save_env, Prev:\n+00037ed0: 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f regexp, Up: Co\n+00037ee0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00037ef0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3633 2072 6d6d nds..17.4.63 rmm\n+00037f00: 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d od.-------------\n+00037f10: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 .. -- Command: r\n+00037f20: 6d6d 6f64 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 2020 mmod module. \n+00037f30: 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6c6f 6164 6564 Remove a loaded\n+00037f40: 204d 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 MODULE.....File\n+00037f50: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00037f60: 6465 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e de: save_env, N\n+00037f70: 6578 743a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 5072 ext: search, Pr\n+00037f80: 6576 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: rmmod, Up: \n+00037f90: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00037fa0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3634 2073 mands..17.4.64 s\n+00037fb0: 6176 655f 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ave_env.--------\n+00037fc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00037fd0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6176 655f 656e 7620 mmand: save_env \n+00037fe0: 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 6c65 5d20 7661 [--file file] va\n+00037ff0: 7220 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 r .... Save \n+00038000: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7661 7269 6162 the named variab\n+00038010: 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6e76 les from the env\n+00038020: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 ironment to the \n+00038030: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 2020 environment. \n+00038040: 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 652e 2020 2a4e block file. *N\n+00038050: 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ote Environment \n+00038060: 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 block::... T\n+00038070: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 he ...--file... \n+00038080: 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 option overrides\n+00038090: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 the default loc\n+000380a0: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ation of the. \n+000380b0: 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c environment bl\n+000380c0: 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 ock... This \n+000380d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 206f 7065 command will ope\n+000380e0: 7261 7465 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c rate successfull\n+000380f0: 7920 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 y even when envi\n+00038100: 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2076 6172 ronment. var\n+00038110: 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 iable ...check_s\n+00038120: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 ignatures... is \n+00038130: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 set to ...enforc\n+00038140: 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 e... (*note. \n+00038150: 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 check_signature\n+00038160: 733a 3a29 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 6974 2077 s::), since it w\n+00038170: 7269 7465 7320 746f 2064 6973 6b20 616e rites to disk an\n+00038180: 6420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2061 6c74 6572 d does not alter\n+00038190: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6265 6861 7669 the. behavi\n+000381a0: 6f72 206f 6620 4752 5542 2062 6173 6564 or of GRUB based\n+000381b0: 206f 6e20 616e 7920 636f 6e74 656e 7473 on any contents\n+000381c0: 206f 6620 6469 736b 2074 6861 7420 6861 of disk that ha\n+000381d0: 7665 2062 6565 6e20 7265 6164 2e0a 2020 ve been read.. \n+000381e0: 2020 2049 7420 6973 2070 6f73 7369 626c It is possibl\n+000381f0: 6520 746f 206d 6f64 6966 7920 6120 6469 e to modify a di\n+00038200: 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 2065 gitally signed e\n+00038210: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+00038220: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d20 file. from \n+00038230: 7769 7468 696e 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e within GRUB usin\n+00038240: 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 g this command, \n+00038250: 7375 6368 2074 6861 7420 6974 7320 7369 such that its si\n+00038260: 676e 6174 7572 6520 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 gnature will. \n+00038270: 2020 6e6f 206c 6f6e 6765 7220 6265 2076 no longer be v\n+00038280: 616c 6964 206f 6e20 7375 6273 6571 7565 alid on subseque\n+00038290: 6e74 2062 6f6f 7473 2e20 2043 6172 6520 nt boots. Care \n+000382a0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7461 6b65 6e20 should be taken \n+000382b0: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6368 2061 6476 in. such adv\n+000382c0: 616e 6365 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 anced configurat\n+000382d0: 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7265 ions to avoid re\n+000382e0: 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7468 6520 7379 7374 ndering the syst\n+000382f0: 656d 0a20 2020 2020 756e 626f 6f74 6162 em. unbootab\n+00038300: 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 le. *Note Using\n+00038310: 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 digital signatu\n+00038320: 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a res::, for more.\n+00038330: 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e information\n+00038340: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00038350: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6561 info, Node: sea\n+00038360: 7263 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7365 6e64 rch, Next: send\n+00038370: 6b65 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7361 7665 key, Prev: save\n+00038380: 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 _env, Up: Comma\n+00038390: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+000383a0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3520 7365 6172 6368 ..17.4.65 search\n+000383b0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n+000383c0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 . -- Command: se\n+000383d0: 6172 6368 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 7c2d 2d6c arch [--file|--l\n+000383e0: 6162 656c 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 5d20 abel|--fs-uuid] \n+000383f0: 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 7661 725d 5d0a 2020 [--set [var]]. \n+00038400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 666c [--no-fl\n+00038410: 6f70 7079 7c2d 2d65 6669 6469 736b 2d6f oppy|--efidisk-o\n+00038420: 6e6c 795d 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 2053 nly] name. S\n+00038430: 6561 7263 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 6279 earch devices by\n+00038440: 2066 696c 6520 28e2 8098 2d66 e280 992c file (...-f...,\n+00038450: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9929 2c20 ...--file...), \n+00038460: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206c 6162 656c filesystem label\n+00038470: 2028 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 (...-l...,. \n+00038480: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 292c ...--label...),\n+00038490: 206f 7220 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 or filesystem U\n+000384a0: 5549 4420 28e2 8098 2d75 e280 992c 20e2 UID (...-u..., .\n+000384b0: 8098 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 292e ..--fs-uuid...).\n+000384c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 28e2 .. If the (.\n+000384d0: 8098 2d73 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 ..-s..., ...--se\n+000384e0: 74e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 t...) option is \n+000384f0: 7573 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 used, the first \n+00038500: 6465 7669 6365 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 730a device found is.\n+00038510: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2061 7320 7468 6520 set as the \n+00038520: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e value of environ\n+00038530: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 ment variable VA\n+00038540: 522e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 R. The default \n+00038550: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 6973 variable. is\n+00038560: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 ...root...... \n+00038570: 2020 2054 6865 2028 e280 982d 6ee2 8099 The (...-n...\n+00038580: 2c20 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 666c 6f70 7079 , ...--no-floppy\n+00038590: e280 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7072 6576 ...) option prev\n+000385a0: 656e 7473 2073 6561 7263 6869 6e67 2066 ents searching f\n+000385b0: 6c6f 7070 7920 6465 7669 6365 732c 0a20 loppy devices,. \n+000385c0: 2020 2020 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 which can be\n+000385d0: 2073 6c6f 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 slow... The\n+000385e0: 2028 e280 982d 2d65 6669 6469 736b 2d6f (...--efidisk-o\n+000385f0: 6e6c 79e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2070 nly...) option p\n+00038600: 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7365 6172 6368 696e revents searchin\n+00038610: 6720 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6465 7669 g any other devi\n+00038620: 6365 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 4546 ces. then EF\n+00038630: 4920 6469 736b 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 I disks. This i\n+00038640: 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 6564 s typically used\n+00038650: 2077 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 when chainloadi\n+00038660: 6e67 2074 6f20 6c6f 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 ng to local. \n+00038670: 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a EFI partition..\n+00038680: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 6561 . The ...sea\n+00038690: 7263 682e 6669 6c65 e280 992c 20e2 8098 rch.file..., ...\n+000386a0: 7365 6172 6368 2e66 735f 6c61 6265 6ce2 search.fs_label.\n+000386b0: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 .., and ...searc\n+000386c0: 682e 6673 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d h.fs_uuid... com\n+000386d0: 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2061 mands. are a\n+000386e0: 6c69 6173 6573 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 7365 liases for ...se\n+000386f0: 6172 6368 202d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 arch --file..., \n+00038700: e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 6c61 6265 ...search --labe\n+00038710: 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 l..., and ...sea\n+00038720: 7263 680a 2020 2020 202d 2d66 732d 7575 rch. --fs-uu\n+00038730: 6964 e280 9920 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 id... respective\n+00038740: 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2068 ly... Also h\n+00038750: 696e 7473 2061 7320 746f 2077 6869 6368 ints as to which\n+00038760: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2074 device may be t\n+00038770: 6865 206d 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 6c79 2074 he most likely t\n+00038780: 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 7468 650a 2020 o contain the. \n+00038790: 2020 2069 7465 6d20 7365 6172 6368 6564 item searched\n+000387a0: 2066 6f72 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 for may be give\n+000387b0: 6e20 7669 6120 7468 6520 28e2 8098 2d68 n via the (...-h\n+000387c0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 e280 ..., ...--hint..\n+000387d0: 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 7468 0a20 .) option with. \n+000387e0: 2020 2020 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d a device nam\n+000387f0: 6520 6173 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 e as an argument\n+00038800: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 . If the argume\n+00038810: 6e74 2065 6e64 7320 7769 7468 2061 2063 nt ends with a c\n+00038820: 6f6d 6d61 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 omma,. then \n+00038830: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 7468 partitions on th\n+00038840: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2061 7265 2061 6c73 e device are als\n+00038850: 6f20 7365 6172 6368 6564 2e20 2046 7572 o searched. Fur\n+00038860: 7468 6572 6d6f 7265 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 thermore,. p\n+00038870: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 7370 6563 6966 6963 latform specific\n+00038880: 2068 696e 7473 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 hints may be gi\n+00038890: 7665 6e20 7669 6120 7468 6520 6f70 7469 ven via the opti\n+000388a0: 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 ons. ...--hi\n+000388b0: 6e74 2d69 6565 6531 3237 35e2 8099 2c20 nt-ieee1275..., \n+000388c0: e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6269 6f73 e280 ...--hint-bios..\n+000388d0: 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d62 6172 ., ...--hint-bar\n+000388e0: 656d 6574 616c e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d emetal..., ...--\n+000388f0: 6869 6e74 2d65 6669 e280 992c 0a20 2020 hint-efi...,. \n+00038900: 2020 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d and ...--hint-\n+00038910: 6172 63e2 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7370 arc.... When sp\n+00038920: 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 7365 206f ecified, these o\n+00038930: 7074 696f 6e73 2074 616b 6520 616e 2061 ptions take an a\n+00038940: 7267 756d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 rgument. and\n+00038950: 206f 7065 7261 7465 206c 696b 6520 e280 operate like ..\n+00038960: 982d 2d68 696e 74e2 8099 2c20 6275 7420 .--hint..., but \n+00038970: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6563 only on the spec\n+00038980: 6966 6965 6420 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a ified platform..\n+00038990: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000389a0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 656e 646b fo, Node: sendk\n+000389b0: 6579 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6574 2c20 ey, Next: set, \n+000389c0: 2050 7265 763a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 Prev: search, \n+000389d0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+000389e0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+000389f0: 3636 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 66 sendkey.-----\n+00038a00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00038a10: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 656e 646b 6579 Command: sendkey\n+00038a20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6e75 . [--nu\n+00038a30: 6d7c 2d2d 6361 7073 7c2d 2d73 6372 6f6c m|--caps|--scrol\n+00038a40: 6c7c 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 7c2d 2d70 6175 l|--insert|--pau\n+00038a50: 7365 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 7368 6966 747c se|--left-shift|\n+00038a60: 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 7368 6966 747c 2d2d --right-shift|--\n+00038a70: 7379 7372 717c 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 7c2d sysrq|--numkey|-\n+00038a80: 2d63 6170 736b 6579 7c2d 2d73 6372 6f6c -capskey|--scrol\n+00038a90: 6c6b 6579 7c2d 2d69 6e73 6572 746b 6579 lkey|--insertkey\n+00038aa0: 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 616c 747c 2d2d 7269 |--left-alt|--ri\n+00038ab0: 6768 742d 616c 747c 2d2d 6c65 6674 2d63 ght-alt|--left-c\n+00038ac0: 7472 6c7c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 6374 726c trl|--right-ctrl\n+00038ad0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 6e7c 6f66 . on|of\n+00038ae0: 665d 2e2e 2e20 5b6e 6f2d 6c65 645d 206b f]... [no-led] k\n+00038af0: 6579 7374 726f 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 496e eystroke. In\n+00038b00: 7365 7274 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 sert keystrokes \n+00038b10: 696e 746f 2074 6865 206b 6579 626f 6172 into the keyboar\n+00038b20: 6420 6275 6666 6572 2077 6865 6e20 626f d buffer when bo\n+00038b30: 6f74 696e 672e 2020 536f 6d65 7469 6d65 oting. Sometime\n+00038b40: 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 s. an operat\n+00038b50: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206f 7220 6368 ing system or ch\n+00038b60: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 6420 626f 6f74 206c ainloaded boot l\n+00038b70: 6f61 6465 7220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2070 oader requires p\n+00038b80: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 720a 2020 2020 206b articular. k\n+00038b90: 6579 7320 746f 2062 6520 7072 6573 7365 eys to be presse\n+00038ba0: 643a 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 d: for example, \n+00038bb0: 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 6e65 6564 2074 one might need t\n+00038bc0: 6f20 7072 6573 7320 610a 2020 2020 2070 o press a. p\n+00038bd0: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6b65 7920 746f articular key to\n+00038be0: 2065 6e74 6572 2022 7361 6665 206d 6f64 enter \"safe mod\n+00038bf0: 6522 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 6368 6169 e\", or when chai\n+00038c00: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 nloading another\n+00038c10: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 . boot loade\n+00038c20: 7220 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 7365 6e64 r one might send\n+00038c30: 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 746f 2069 keystrokes to i\n+00038c40: 7420 746f 206e 6176 6967 6174 6520 6974 t to navigate it\n+00038c50: 7320 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f s menu... No\n+00038c60: 7465 3a20 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 te: This command\n+00038c70: 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e is currently on\n+00038c80: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 ly available on \n+00038c90: 7468 6520 6933 3836 2d70 630a 2020 2020 the i386-pc. \n+00038ca0: 2074 6172 6765 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2059 target... Y\n+00038cb0: 6f75 206d 6179 2070 726f 7669 6465 2075 ou may provide u\n+00038cc0: 7020 746f 2031 3620 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b p to 16 keystrok\n+00038cd0: 6573 2028 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 206f es (the length o\n+00038ce0: 6620 7468 6520 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 f the BIOS. \n+00038cf0: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 7229 keyboard buffer)\n+00038d00: 2e20 204b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 206e 616d . Keystroke nam\n+00038d10: 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 7570 7065 722d es may be upper-\n+00038d20: 6361 7365 206f 7220 6c6f 7765 722d 6361 case or lower-ca\n+00038d30: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7474 6572 732c se. letters,\n+00038d40: 2064 6967 6974 732c 206f 7220 7461 6b65 digits, or take\n+00038d50: 6e20 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f n from the follo\n+00038d60: 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 wing table:.. \n+00038d70: 2020 4e61 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 Name \n+00038d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00038d90: 4b65 790a 2020 2020 202d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Key. -------\n 00038da0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00038db0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00038dc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00038dd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a20 2020 2020 ----------. \n-00038de0: 6573 6361 7065 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 escape \n-00038df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4573 Es\n-00038e00: 6361 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F1 \n+00039400: 2020 2020 2070 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2072 press and r\n+00039410: 656c 6561 7365 2041 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 elease Alt. \n+00039420: 7370 6163 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 space \n+00039430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7370 sp\n+00039440: 6163 6520 6261 720a 2020 2020 2063 6170 ace bar. cap\n+00039450: 736c 6f63 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 slock \n+00039460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6170 7320 Caps \n+00039470: 4c6f 636b 0a20 2020 2020 4631 2020 2020 Lock. F1 \n 00039480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039490: 2020 2020 2020 4631 0a20 2020 2020 4632 F1. F2\n-000394a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000394b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4632 0a20 F2. \n-000394c0: 2020 2020 4633 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F3 \n+00039490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 0a20 2020 2020 F1. \n+000394a0: 4632 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F2 \n+000394b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4632 F2\n+000394c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4633 2020 2020 2020 2020 . F3 \n 000394d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000394e0: 2020 4633 0a20 2020 2020 4634 2020 2020 F3. F4 \n+000394e0: 2020 2020 4633 0a20 2020 2020 4634 2020 F3. F4 \n 000394f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4634 0a20 2020 2020 F4. \n-00039510: 4635 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F5 \n-00039520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4635 F5\n-00039530: 0a20 2020 2020 4636 2020 2020 2020 2020 . F6 \n+00039500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4634 0a20 2020 F4. \n+00039510: 2020 4635 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F5 \n+00039520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039530: 4635 0a20 2020 2020 4636 2020 2020 2020 F5. F6 \n 00039540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039550: 2020 2020 4636 0a20 2020 2020 4637 2020 F6. F7 \n+00039550: 2020 2020 2020 4636 0a20 2020 2020 4637 F6. F7\n 00039560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4637 0a20 2020 F7. \n-00039580: 2020 4638 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F8 \n+00039570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4637 0a20 F7. \n+00039580: 2020 2020 4638 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F8 \n 00039590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000395a0: 4638 0a20 2020 2020 4639 2020 2020 2020 F8. F9 \n+000395a0: 2020 4638 0a20 2020 2020 4639 2020 2020 F8. F9 \n 000395b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000395c0: 2020 2020 2020 4639 0a20 2020 2020 4631 F9. F1\n-000395d0: 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 0 \n-000395e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 300a F10.\n-000395f0: 2020 2020 2046 3131 2020 2020 2020 2020 F11 \n+000395c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4639 0a20 2020 2020 F9. \n+000395d0: 4631 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F10 \n+000395e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 F1\n+000395f0: 300a 2020 2020 2046 3131 2020 2020 2020 0. F11 \n 00039600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039610: 2020 2046 3131 0a20 2020 2020 4631 3220 F11. F12 \n-00039620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 320a 2020 F12. \n-00039640: 2020 206e 756d 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 num1 \n+00039610: 2020 2020 2046 3131 0a20 2020 2020 4631 F11. F1\n+00039620: 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2 \n+00039630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 320a F12.\n+00039640: 2020 2020 206e 756d 3120 2020 2020 2020 num1 \n 00039650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039660: 2031 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 1 (numeric keyp\n-00039670: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3220 2020 ad). num2 \n+00039660: 2020 2031 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 1 (numeric ke\n+00039670: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3220 ypad). num2 \n 00039680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039690: 2020 2020 2020 2032 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 2 (numeri\n-000396a0: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-000396b0: 756d 3320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um3 \n-000396c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 2028 3 (\n-000396d0: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-000396e0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 3420 2020 2020 2020 num4 \n+00039690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2032 2028 6e75 6d65 2 (nume\n+000396a0: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+000396b0: 206e 756d 3320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num3 \n+000396c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 3\n+000396d0: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n+000396e0: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3420 2020 2020 ). num4 \n 000396f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039700: 2020 2034 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 4 (numeric ke\n-00039710: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3520 ypad). num5 \n-00039720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2035 2028 6e75 6d65 5 (nume\n-00039740: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-00039750: 206e 756d 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num6 \n-00039760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2036 6\n-00039770: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-00039780: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3720 2020 2020 ). num7 \n+00039700: 2020 2020 2034 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 4 (numeric \n+00039710: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 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3820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um8 \n+000397d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 2028 8 (\n+000397e0: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+000397f0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 3920 2020 2020 2020 num9 \n 00039800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039810: 2039 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 9 (numeric keyp\n-00039820: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3020 2020 ad). num0 \n+00039810: 2020 2039 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 9 (numeric ke\n+00039820: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3020 ypad). num0 \n 00039830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039840: 2020 2020 2020 2030 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 0 (numeri\n-00039850: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-00039860: 756d 7065 7269 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 umperiod \n-00039870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e 2020 . \n-00039880: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n-00039890: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 6e64 2020 2020 . numend \n+00039840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 2028 6e75 6d65 0 (nume\n+00039850: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+00039860: 206e 756d 7065 7269 6f64 2020 2020 2020 numperiod \n+00039870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e .\n+00039880: 2020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 (numeric keypa\n+00039890: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 6e64 2020 d). numend \n 000398a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000398b0: 2020 2020 456e 6420 286e 756d 6572 6963 End (numeric\n-000398c0: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-000398d0: 6d64 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mdown \n-000398e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 776e Down\n-000398f0: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-00039900: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7067 646f 776e ). numpgdown\n-00039910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039920: 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 446f 776e 2028 Page Down (\n-00039930: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-00039940: 2020 2020 206e 756d 6c65 6674 2020 2020 numleft \n+000398b0: 2020 2020 2020 456e 6420 286e 756d 6572 End (numer\n+000398c0: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n+000398d0: 6e75 6d64 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 numdown \n+000398e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f Do\n+000398f0: 776e 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 wn (numeric keyp\n+00039900: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7067 646f ad). numpgdo\n+00039910: 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 wn \n+00039920: 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 446f 776e Page Down\n+00039930: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n+00039940: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6c65 6674 2020 ). numleft \n 00039950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039960: 2020 204c 6566 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 Left (numeric\n-00039970: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-00039980: 6d63 656e 7465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 mcenter \n-00039990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3520 7769 5 wi\n-000399a0: 7468 204e 756d 204c 6f63 6b20 696e 6163 th Num Lock inac\n-000399b0: 7469 7665 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 630a 2020 tive (numeric. \n+00039960: 2020 2020 204c 6566 7420 286e 756d 6572 Left (numer\n+00039970: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n+00039980: 6e75 6d63 656e 7465 7220 2020 2020 2020 numcenter \n+00039990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3520 5 \n+000399a0: 7769 7468 204e 756d 204c 6f63 6b20 696e with Num Lock in\n+000399b0: 6163 7469 7665 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 630a active (numeric.\n 000399c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 000399d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000399e0: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-000399f0: 6d72 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mright \n-00039a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5269 6768 Righ\n-00039a10: 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 t (numeric keypa\n-00039a20: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d68 6f6d 6520 d). numhome \n-00039a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039a40: 2020 2020 2020 486f 6d65 2028 6e75 6d65 Home (nume\n-00039a50: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-00039a60: 206e 756d 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 numup \n-00039a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 U\n-00039a80: 7020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 p (numeric keypa\n-00039a90: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6775 7020 d). numpgup \n-00039aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039ab0: 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2055 7020 286e Page Up (n\n-00039ac0: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-00039ad0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d69 6e73 6572 7420 2020 numinsert \n+000399e0: 2020 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 keypad). \n+000399f0: 6e75 6d72 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 numright \n+00039a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5269 Ri\n+00039a10: 6768 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 ght (numeric key\n+00039a20: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d68 6f6d pad). numhom\n+00039a30: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n+00039a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 6d65 2028 6e75 Home (nu\n+00039a50: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+00039a60: 2020 206e 756d 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 numup \n+00039a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039a80: 2055 7020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 Up (numeric key\n+00039a90: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6775 pad). numpgu\n+00039aa0: 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p \n+00039ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2055 7020 Page Up \n+00039ac0: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+00039ad0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d69 6e73 6572 7420 . numinsert \n 00039ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039af0: 2020 496e 7365 7274 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 Insert (numeri\n-00039b00: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-00039b10: 756d 6465 6c65 7465 2020 2020 2020 2020 umdelete \n-00039b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 656c Del\n-00039b30: 6574 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 ete (numeric key\n-00039b40: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d61 7374 pad). numast\n-00039b50: 6572 6973 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 erisk \n-00039b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a20 286e 756d 6572 * (numer\n-00039b70: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-00039b80: 6e75 6d6d 696e 7573 2020 2020 2020 2020 numminus \n-00039b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d20 - \n-00039ba0: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n-00039bb0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6c75 7320 2020 . numplus \n+00039af0: 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 2028 6e75 6d65 Insert (nume\n+00039b00: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+00039b10: 206e 756d 6465 6c65 7465 2020 2020 2020 numdelete \n+00039b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 D\n+00039b30: 656c 6574 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b elete (numeric k\n+00039b40: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d61 eypad). numa\n+00039b50: 7374 6572 6973 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2020 sterisk \n+00039b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a20 286e 756d * (num\n+00039b70: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+00039b80: 2020 6e75 6d6d 696e 7573 2020 2020 2020 numminus \n+00039b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039ba0: 2d20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 - (numeric keypa\n+00039bb0: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6c75 7320 d). numplus \n 00039bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039bd0: 2020 2020 2b20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b + (numeric k\n-00039be0: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d73 eypad). nums\n-00039bf0: 6c61 7368 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lash \n-00039c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f20 286e 756d / (num\n-00039c10: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-00039c20: 2020 6e75 6d65 6e74 6572 2020 2020 2020 numenter \n+00039bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2b20 286e 756d 6572 6963 + (numeric\n+00039be0: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+00039bf0: 6d73 6c61 7368 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mslash \n+00039c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f20 286e / (n\n+00039c10: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+00039c20: 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 6e74 6572 2020 2020 numenter \n 00039c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039c40: 456e 7465 7220 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b Enter (numeric k\n-00039c50: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6c65 eypad). dele\n-00039c60: 7465 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te \n-00039c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 Delete\n-00039c80: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7365 7274 2020 2020 . insert \n+00039c40: 2020 456e 7465 7220 286e 756d 6572 6963 Enter (numeric\n+00039c50: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6465 keypad). de\n+00039c60: 6c65 7465 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lete \n+00039c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4465 6c65 Dele\n+00039c80: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7365 7274 2020 te. insert \n 00039c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039ca0: 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 0a20 2020 2020 Insert. \n-00039cb0: 686f 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 home \n-00039cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f Ho\n-00039cd0: 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6420 2020 2020 me. end \n+00039ca0: 2020 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 0a20 2020 Insert. \n+00039cb0: 2020 686f 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 home \n+00039cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039cd0: 486f 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6420 2020 Home. end \n 00039ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039cf0: 2020 2020 2020 456e 640a 2020 2020 2070 End. p\n-00039d00: 6764 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 gdown \n-00039d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 Pag\n-00039d20: 6520 446f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 7067 7570 e Down. pgup\n-00039d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2055 Page U\n-00039d50: 700a 2020 2020 2064 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 p. down \n+00039cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 640a 2020 2020 End. \n+00039d00: 2070 6764 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 pgdown \n+00039d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 P\n+00039d20: 6167 6520 446f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 7067 age Down. pg\n+00039d30: 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up \n+00039d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 Page\n+00039d50: 2055 700a 2020 2020 2064 6f77 6e20 2020 Up. down \n 00039d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039d70: 2020 2020 2044 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 Down. u\n-00039d80: 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p \n-00039d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 700a Up.\n-00039da0: 2020 2020 206c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 left \n+00039d70: 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 Down. \n+00039d80: 2075 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up \n+00039d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 U\n+00039da0: 700a 2020 2020 206c 6566 7420 2020 2020 p. left \n 00039db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039dc0: 2020 204c 6566 740a 2020 2020 2072 6967 Left. rig\n-00039dd0: 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ht \n-00039de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6967 6874 Right\n-00039df0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 .. As well a\n-00039e00: 7320 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 2c20 7468 s keystrokes, th\n-00039e10: 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 e ...sendkey... \n-00039e20: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7461 6b65 7320 7661 command takes va\n-00039e30: 7269 6f75 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 rious options. \n-00039e40: 2020 2074 6861 7420 6166 6665 6374 2074 that affect t\n-00039e50: 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 he BIOS keyboard\n-00039e60: 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 732e 2020 status flags. \n-00039e70: 5468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7461 These options ta\n-00039e80: 6b65 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6f6e ke an. ...on\n-00039e90: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 ... or ...off...\n-00039ea0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2c20 7370 6563 parameter, spec\n-00039eb0: 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 ifying that the \n-00039ec0: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 7374 corresponding st\n-00039ed0: 6174 7573 0a20 2020 2020 666c 6167 2062 atus. flag b\n-00039ee0: 6520 7365 7420 6f72 2075 6e73 6574 3b20 e set or unset; \n-00039ef0: 6f6d 6974 7469 6e67 2074 6865 206f 7074 omitting the opt\n-00039f00: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6120 6769 7665 6e20 ion for a given \n-00039f10: 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 670a 2020 2020 status flag. \n-00039f20: 2077 696c 6c20 6c65 6176 6520 7468 6174 will leave that\n-00039f30: 2066 6c61 6720 6174 2069 7473 2069 6e69 flag at its ini\n-00039f40: 7469 616c 2073 7461 7465 2061 7420 626f tial state at bo\n-00039f50: 6f74 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e75 ot. The ...--nu\n-00039f60: 6de2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d m...,. ...--\n-00039f70: 6361 7073 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 7363 caps..., ...--sc\n-00039f80: 726f 6c6c e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 roll..., and ...\n-00039f90: 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 e280 9920 6f70 7469 --insert... opti\n-00039fa0: 6f6e 7320 656d 756c 6174 6520 7365 7474 ons emulate sett\n-00039fb0: 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 ing the. cor\n-00039fc0: 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 206d 6f64 652c responding mode,\n-00039fd0: 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d while the ...--\n-00039fe0: 6e75 6d6b 6579 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d numkey..., ...--\n-00039ff0: 6361 7073 6b65 79e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 capskey...,. \n-0003a000: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c 6b65 79e2 ...--scrollkey.\n-0003a010: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d69 6e73 .., and ...--ins\n-0003a020: 6572 746b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ertkey... option\n-0003a030: 7320 656d 756c 6174 6520 7072 6573 7369 s emulate pressi\n-0003a040: 6e67 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 686f 6c64 ng and. hold\n-0003a050: 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f ing the correspo\n-0003a060: 6e64 696e 6720 6b65 792e 2020 5468 6520 nding key. The \n-0003a070: 6f74 6865 7220 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 other status fla\n-0003a080: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 2020 g options are. \n-0003a090: 2020 2073 656c 662d 6578 706c 616e 6174 self-explanat\n-0003a0a0: 6f72 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 ory... If th\n-0003a0b0: 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 6c65 64e2 8099 e ...--no-led...\n-0003a0c0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e option is given\n-0003a0d0: 2c20 7468 6520 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 , the status fla\n-0003a0e0: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 6c6c 0a20 g options will. \n-0003a0f0: 2020 2020 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6566 6665 have no effe\n-0003a100: 6374 206f 6e20 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 204c ct on keyboard L\n-0003a110: 4544 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 EDs... If th\n-0003a120: 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 e ...sendkey... \n-0003a130: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2067 6976 656e command is given\n-0003a140: 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7469 6d65 732c multiple times,\n-0003a150: 2074 6865 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 0a20 then only the. \n-0003a160: 2020 2020 6c61 7374 2069 6e76 6f63 6174 last invocat\n-0003a170: 696f 6e20 6861 7320 616e 7920 6566 6665 ion has any effe\n-0003a180: 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5369 6e63 6520 ct... Since \n-0003a190: e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 6d61 ...sendkey... ma\n-0003a1a0: 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 7320 7468 6520 4249 nipulates the BI\n-0003a1b0: 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6275 6666 OS keyboard buff\n-0003a1c0: 6572 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2063 6175 7365 er, it may cause\n-0003a1d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e67 732c 2072 6562 . hangs, reb\n-0003a1e0: 6f6f 7473 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 206d oots, or other m\n-0003a1f0: 6973 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f6e 2073 isbehaviour on s\n-0003a200: 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 4966 ome systems. If\n-0003a210: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 6572 6174 the. operat\n-0003a220: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206f 7220 626f ing system or bo\n-0003a230: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7468 6174 2072 ot loader that r\n-0003a240: 756e 7320 6166 7465 7220 4752 5542 2075 uns after GRUB u\n-0003a250: 7365 7320 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 ses its own. \n-0003a260: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6472 6976 6572 keyboard driver\n-0003a270: 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 rather than the\n-0003a280: 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2066 BIOS keyboard f\n-0003a290: 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 656e 0a20 unctions, then. \n-0003a2a0: 2020 2020 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 ...sendkey..\n-0003a2b0: 9920 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 . will have no e\n-0003a2c0: 6666 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 ffect... Thi\n-0003a2d0: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c s command is onl\n-0003a2e0: 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2050 y available on P\n-0003a2f0: 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a C BIOS systems..\n-0003a300: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0003a310: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6574 2c20 fo, Node: set, \n-0003a320: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 Next: sha1sum, \n-0003a330: 2050 7265 763a 2073 656e 646b 6579 2c20 Prev: sendkey, \n-0003a340: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0003a350: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-0003a360: 2e36 3720 7365 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .67 set.--------\n-0003a370: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003a380: 3a20 7365 7420 5b65 6e76 7661 723d 7661 : set [envvar=va\n-0003a390: 6c75 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 7468 lue]. Set th\n-0003a3a0: 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 e environment va\n-0003a3b0: 7269 6162 6c65 2045 4e56 5641 5220 746f riable ENVVAR to\n-0003a3c0: 2056 414c 5545 2e20 2049 6620 696e 766f VALUE. If invo\n-0003a3d0: 6b65 6420 7769 7468 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 ked with no. \n-0003a3e0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e arguments, prin\n-0003a3f0: 7420 616c 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e t all environmen\n-0003a400: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7769 7468 t variables with\n-0003a410: 2074 6865 6972 2076 616c 7565 732e 2020 their values. \n-0003a420: 466f 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 6973 For. the lis\n-0003a430: 7420 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 t of environment\n-0003a440: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2063 7572 7265 variables curre\n-0003a450: 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6279 2047 5255 ntly used by GRU\n-0003a460: 4220 6974 7365 6c66 2073 6565 0a20 2020 B itself see. \n-0003a470: 2020 7468 6520 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 2073 the relevant s\n-0003a480: 6563 7469 6f6e 202a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 ection *note Env\n-0003a490: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ironment::.....F\n-0003a4a0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003a4b0: 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 Node: sha1sum, \n-0003a4c0: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d Next: sha256sum\n-0003a4d0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6574 2c20 2055 , Prev: set, U\n-0003a4e0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-0003a4f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 commands..17.4.6\n-0003a500: 3820 7368 6131 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 8 sha1sum.------\n-0003a510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003a520: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d20 ommand: sha1sum \n-0003a530: 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 arg .... Ali\n-0003a540: 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 as for ...hashsu\n-0003a550: 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 3120 6172 m --hash sha1 ar\n-0003a560: 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 g ....... See c\n-0003a570: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 ommand ...hashsu\n-0003a580: 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 m.... (*note\n-0003a590: 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 hashsum::) for \n-0003a5a0: 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e full description\n-0003a5b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003a5c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 info, Node: sha\n-0003a5d0: 3235 3673 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 256sum, Next: s\n-0003a5e0: 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a ha512sum, Prev:\n-0003a5f0: 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 sha1sum, Up: C\n-0003a600: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-0003a610: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3920 7368 ands..17.4.69 sh\n-0003a620: 6132 3536 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d a256sum.--------\n-0003a630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003a640: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 ommand: sha256su\n-0003a650: 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 m arg .... A\n-0003a660: 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 lias for ...hash\n-0003a670: 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 3235 sum --hash sha25\n-0003a680: 3620 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6 arg ....... S\n-0003a690: 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 ee command ...ha\n-0003a6a0: 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a shsum.... (*\n-0003a6b0: 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 note hashsum::) \n-0003a6c0: 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 for full descrip\n-0003a6d0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n-0003a6e0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003a6f0: 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 204e 6578 sha512sum, Nex\n-0003a700: 743a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: sleep, Prev:\n-0003a710: 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 2055 703a sha256sum, Up:\n-0003a720: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-0003a730: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3020 mmands..17.4.70 \n-0003a740: 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sha512sum.------\n-0003a750: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003a760: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6135 3132 Command: sha512\n-0003a770: 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 sum arg .... \n-0003a780: 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 Alias for ...ha\n-0003a790: 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 shsum --hash sha\n-0003a7a0: 3531 3220 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 512 arg ....... \n-0003a7b0: 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 See command ...\n-0003a7c0: 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 hashsum.... \n-0003a7d0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a (*note hashsum::\n-0003a7e0: 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 ) for full descr\n-0003a7f0: 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a iption.....File:\n-0003a800: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003a810: 653a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: sleep, Next:\n-0003a820: 2073 6d62 696f 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 smbios, Prev: \n-0003a830: 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 sha512sum, Up: \n-0003a840: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0003a850: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3731 2073 mands..17.4.71 s\n-0003a860: 6c65 6570 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d leep.-----------\n-0003a870: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003a880: 2073 6c65 6570 205b 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 sleep [--verbos\n-0003a890: 655d 205b 2d2d 696e 7465 7272 7570 7469 e] [--interrupti\n-0003a8a0: 626c 655d 2063 6f75 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 ble] count. \n-0003a8b0: 536c 6565 7020 666f 7220 434f 554e 5420 Sleep for COUNT \n-0003a8c0: 7365 636f 6e64 732e 2020 4966 206f 7074 seconds. If opt\n-0003a8d0: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d69 6e74 6572 7275 ion ...--interru\n-0003a8e0: 7074 6962 6c65 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 ptible... is giv\n-0003a8f0: 656e 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 en,. allow p\n-0003a900: 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c45 5343 3e2c 203c ressing , <\n-0003a910: 4634 3e20 6f72 2068 6f6c 6469 6e67 2064 F4> or holding d\n-0003a920: 6f77 6e20 3c53 4849 4654 3e20 746f 2069 own to i\n-0003a930: 6e74 6572 7275 7074 0a20 2020 2020 736c nterrupt. sl\n-0003a940: 6565 702e 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d eep. With ...--\n-0003a950: 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 2073 686f 7720 verbose... show \n-0003a960: 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 6f66 2072 656d countdown of rem\n-0003a970: 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2e20 aining seconds. \n-0003a980: 2045 7869 740a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 6520 Exit. code \n-0003a990: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2074 is set to 0 if t\n-0003a9a0: 696d 656f 7574 2065 7870 6972 6564 2061 imeout expired a\n-0003a9b0: 6e64 2074 6f20 3120 6966 2074 696d 656f nd to 1 if timeo\n-0003a9c0: 7574 2077 6173 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 ut was. inte\n-0003a9d0: 7272 7570 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 616e rrupted using an\n-0003a9e0: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e 7469 6f6e y of the mention\n-0003a9f0: 6564 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ed keys.....File\n-0003aa00: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003aa10: 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 2c20 204e 6578 de: smbios, Nex\n-0003aa20: 743a 2073 6f75 7263 652c 2020 5072 6576 t: source, Prev\n-0003aa30: 3a20 736c 6565 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f : sleep, Up: Co\n-0003aa40: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0003aa50: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3732 2073 6d62 nds..17.4.72 smb\n-0003aa60: 696f 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ios.------------\n-0003aa70: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003aa80: 2073 6d62 696f 7320 5b2d 2d74 7970 6520 smbios [--type \n-0003aa90: 5459 5045 5d20 5b2d 2d68 616e 646c 6520 TYPE] [--handle \n-0003aaa0: 4841 4e44 4c45 5d20 5b2d 2d6d 6174 6368 HANDLE] [--match\n-0003aab0: 204d 4154 4348 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 MATCH]. \n-0003aac0: 2020 282d 2d67 6574 2d62 7974 6520 7c20 (--get-byte | \n-0003aad0: 2d2d 6765 742d 776f 7264 207c 202d 2d67 --get-word | --g\n-0003aae0: 6574 2d64 776f 7264 207c 202d 2d67 6574 et-dword | --get\n-0003aaf0: 2d71 776f 7264 207c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 -qword |. \n-0003ab00: 2020 202d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e 6720 --get-string \n-0003ab10: 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 7575 6964 2920 4f46 | --get-uuid) OF\n-0003ab20: 4653 4554 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 5641 5249 FSET [--set VARI\n-0003ab30: 4142 4c45 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 ABLE]. Retri\n-0003ab40: 6576 6520 534d 4249 4f53 2069 6e66 6f72 eve SMBIOS infor\n-0003ab50: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 mation... Th\n-0003ab60: 6520 e280 9873 6d62 696f 73e2 8099 2063 e ...smbios... c\n-0003ab70: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2074 ommand returns t\n-0003ab80: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6120 6669 he value of a fi\n-0003ab90: 656c 6420 696e 2061 6e20 534d 4249 4f53 eld in an SMBIOS\n-0003aba0: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e . structure.\n-0003abb0: 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 The following \n-0003abc0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e options determin\n-0003abd0: 6520 7768 6963 6820 7374 7275 6374 7572 e which structur\n-0003abe0: 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 e to. select\n-0003abf0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 ... ... S\n-0003ac00: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d74 pecifying ...--t\n-0003ac10: 7970 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 ype... will sele\n-0003ac20: 6374 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 7769 ct structures wi\n-0003ac30: 7468 2061 206d 6174 6368 696e 670a 2020 th a matching. \n-0003ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5459 5045 2e20 2054 TYPE. T\n-0003ac50: 6865 2074 7970 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2061 he type can be a\n-0003ac60: 6e79 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2066 726f 6d20 ny integer from \n-0003ac70: 3020 746f 2032 3535 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 0 to 255.. \n-0003ac80: 2020 e280 a220 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 ... Specifying\n-0003ac90: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6861 6e64 6c65 e280 9920 ...--handle... \n-0003aca0: 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 will select stru\n-0003acb0: 6374 7572 6573 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d61 ctures with a ma\n-0003acc0: 7463 6869 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tching. \n-0003acd0: 2048 414e 444c 452e 2020 5468 6520 6861 HANDLE. The ha\n-0003ace0: 6e64 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 ndle can be any \n-0003acf0: 696e 7465 6765 7220 6672 6f6d 2030 2074 integer from 0 t\n-0003ad00: 6f20 3635 3533 352e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 o 65535.. \n-0003ad10: 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 ... Specifying \n-0003ad20: e280 982d 2d6d 6174 6368 e280 9920 7769 ...--match... wi\n-0003ad30: 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 6374 ll select struct\n-0003ad40: 7572 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 204d 4154 4348 ure number MATCH\n-0003ad50: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 in the. \n-0003ad60: 2020 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206c 6973 7420 filtered list \n-0003ad70: 6f66 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 733b 2065 of structures; e\n-0003ad80: 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 736d 6269 6f73 202d .g. ...smbios -\n-0003ad90: 2d74 7970 6520 3420 2d2d 6d61 7463 6820 -type 4 --match \n-0003ada0: 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 2.... w\n-0003adb0: 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2073 ill select the s\n-0003adc0: 6563 6f6e 6420 5072 6f63 6573 7320 496e econd Process In\n-0003add0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 2854 7970 6520 formation (Type \n-0003ade0: 3429 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e0a 2020 4) structure.. \n-0003adf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6c69 7374 The list\n-0003ae00: 2069 7320 616c 7761 7973 206f 7264 6572 is always order\n-0003ae10: 6564 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2074 ed the same as t\n-0003ae20: 6865 2068 6172 6477 6172 6527 7320 534d he hardware's SM\n-0003ae30: 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 BIOS. t\n-0003ae40: 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6174 6368 able. The match\n-0003ae50: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 number must be \n-0003ae60: 6120 706f 7369 7469 7665 2069 6e74 6567 a positive integ\n-0003ae70: 6572 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 er. If. \n-0003ae80: 2020 756e 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 unspecified, t\n-0003ae90: 6865 2066 6972 7374 206d 6174 6368 696e he first matchin\n-0003aea0: 6720 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 7769 6c6c g structure will\n-0003aeb0: 2062 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2e0a 0a20 be selected... \n-0003aec0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e The remainin\n-0003aed0: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d g options determ\n-0003aee0: 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 6669 656c 6420 ine which field \n-0003aef0: 696e 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 in the selected \n-0003af00: 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 SMBIOS. stru\n-0003af10: 6374 7572 6520 746f 2072 6574 7572 6e2e cture to return.\n-0003af20: 2020 4f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 Only one of th\n-0003af30: 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 ese options may \n-0003af40: 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 740a be specified at.\n-0003af50: 2020 2020 2061 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 a time... \n-0003af60: 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 ... When g\n-0003af70: 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 6279 iven ...--get-by\n-0003af80: 7465 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 te..., return th\n-0003af90: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2062 e value of the b\n-0003afa0: 7974 6520 6174 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 yte at. \n-0003afb0: 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e OFFSET bytes in\n-0003afc0: 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 to the selected \n-0003afd0: 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 SMBIOS structure\n-0003afe0: 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 . It will be. \n-0003aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 726d 6174 7465 formatte\n-0003b000: 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 d as an unsigned\n-0003b010: 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 decimal integer\n-0003b020: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 .. ... Wh\n-0003b030: 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 en given ...--ge\n-0003b040: 742d 776f 7264 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 t-word..., retur\n-0003b050: 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 n the value of t\n-0003b060: 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2874 776f 0a20 2020 he word (two. \n-0003b070: 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 6174 bytes) at\n-0003b080: 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e OFFSET bytes in\n-0003b090: 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 to the selected \n-0003b0a0: 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 SMBIOS structure\n-0003b0b0: 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . It. \n-0003b0c0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 7465 will be formatte\n-0003b0d0: 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 d as an unsigned\n-0003b0e0: 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 decimal integer\n-0003b0f0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 .. ... Wh\n-0003b100: 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 en given ...--ge\n-0003b110: 742d 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 t-dword..., retu\n-0003b120: 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 rn the value of \n-0003b130: 7468 6520 6477 6f72 6420 2866 6f75 720a the dword (four.\n-0003b140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 bytes)\n-0003b150: 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 at OFFSET bytes\n-0003b160: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 into the select\n-0003b170: 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 ed SMBIOS struct\n-0003b180: 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ure. It. \n-0003b190: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 will be forma\n-0003b1a0: 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 tted as an unsig\n-0003b1b0: 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 ned decimal inte\n-0003b1c0: 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 ger.. ...\n-0003b1d0: 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d When given ...-\n-0003b1e0: 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 e280 992c 2072 -get-qword..., r\n-0003b1f0: 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 eturn the value \n-0003b200: 6f66 2074 6865 2071 776f 7264 2028 6569 of the qword (ei\n-0003b210: 6768 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 ght. by\n-0003b220: 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 tes) at OFFSET b\n-0003b230: 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 ytes into the se\n-0003b240: 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 lected SMBIOS st\n-0003b250: 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 ructure. It. \n-0003b260: 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 will be f\n-0003b270: 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e 2075 ormatted as an u\n-0003b280: 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 nsigned decimal \n-0003b290: 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 integer.. \n-0003b2a0: 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 ... When given \n-0003b2b0: e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e 67e2 ...--get-string.\n-0003b2c0: 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2073 .., return the s\n-0003b2d0: 7472 696e 6720 7769 7468 2069 7473 2069 tring with its i\n-0003b2e0: 6e64 6578 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 ndex. f\n-0003b2f0: 6f75 6e64 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 ound at OFFSET b\n-0003b300: 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 ytes into the se\n-0003b310: 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 lected SMBIOS st\n-0003b320: 7275 6374 7572 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ructure.. \n-0003b330: 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 ... When given \n-0003b340: e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 ...--get-uuid...\n-0003b350: 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c , return the val\n-0003b360: 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 5555 4944 2028 ue of the UUID (\n-0003b370: 7369 7874 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 sixteen. \n-0003b380: 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 bytes) at OFFS\n-0003b390: 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 ET bytes into th\n-0003b3a0: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f e selected SMBIO\n-0003b3b0: 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 S structure. 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EXPRESSION\n-0003c210: 3120 e280 982d 61e2 8099 2045 5850 5245 1 ...-a... EXPRE\n-0003c220: 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 SSION2. \n-0003c230: 2062 6f74 6820 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e both EXPRESSION\n-0003c240: 3120 616e 6420 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 1 and EXPRESSION\n-0003c250: 3220 6172 6520 7472 7565 0a20 2020 2020 2 are true. \n-0003c260: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 4558 5052 EXPRESSION1 EXPR\n-0003c270: 4553 5349 4f4e 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ESSION2. \n-0003c280: 2020 626f 7468 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f both EXPRESSIO\n-0003c290: 4e31 2061 6e64 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f N1 and EXPRESSIO\n-0003c2a0: 4e32 2061 7265 2074 7275 652e 2020 5468 N2 are true. Th\n-0003c2b0: 6973 2073 796e 7461 7820 6973 206e 6f74 is syntax is not\n-0003c2c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 4f53 4958 . POSIX\n-0003c2d0: 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2061 6e64 2069 -compliant and i\n-0003c2e0: 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 s not recommende\n-0003c2f0: 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 d.. EXPRESSI\n-0003c300: 4f4e 3120 e280 982d 6fe2 8099 2045 5850 ON1 ...-o... EXP\n-0003c310: 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 2020 RESSION2. \n-0003c320: 2020 2065 6974 6865 7220 4558 5052 4553 either EXPRES\n-0003c330: 5349 4f4e 3120 6f72 2045 5850 5245 5353 SION1 or EXPRESS\n-0003c340: 494f 4e32 2069 7320 7472 7565 0a0a 1f0a ION2 is true....\n-0003c350: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003c360: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 204e Node: true, N\n-0003c370: 6578 743a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 2050 7265 ext: trust, Pre\n-0003c380: 763a 2074 6573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: test, Up: Co\n-0003c390: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0003c3a0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3735 2074 7275 nds..17.4.75 tru\n-0003c3b0: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a e.------------..\n-0003c3c0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 7275 -- Command: tru\n-0003c3d0: 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e e. Do nothin\n-0003c3e0: 672c 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e g, successfully.\n-0003c3f0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 This is mainly\n-0003c400: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e 7472 useful in contr\n-0003c410: 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 ol. construc\n-0003c420: 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 6966 ts such as ...if\n-0003c430: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9877 6869 6c65 ... and ...while\n-0003c440: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c ... (*note Shell\n-0003c450: 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a -like scripting:\n-0003c460: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n-0003c470: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 b.info, Node: t\n-0003c480: 7275 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2075 6e73 rust, Next: uns\n-0003c490: 6574 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 7275 652c et, Prev: true,\n-0003c4a0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0003c4b0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-0003c4c0: 342e 3736 2074 7275 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.76 trust.-----\n-0003c4d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0003c4e0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 7275 7374 205b 2d2d mmand: trust [--\n-0003c4f0: 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d20 7075 626b 6579 skip-sig] pubkey\n-0003c500: 5f66 696c 650a 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 _file. Read \n-0003c510: 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2066 726f 6d20 public key from \n-0003c520: 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 616e 6420 PUBKEY_FILE and \n-0003c530: 6164 6420 6974 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2773 add it to GRUB's\n-0003c540: 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c20 6c69 7374 0a20 internal list. \n-0003c550: 2020 2020 6f66 2074 7275 7374 6564 2070 of trusted p\n-0003c560: 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 6865 ublic keys. The\n-0003c570: 7365 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 se keys are used\n-0003c580: 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2064 6967 to validate dig\n-0003c590: 6974 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 ital. signat\n-0003c5a0: 7572 6573 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f ures when enviro\n-0003c5b0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 nment variable .\n-0003c5c0: 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 ..check_signatur\n-0003c5d0: 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a es... is set to.\n-0003c5e0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 ...enforce.\n-0003c5f0: 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2069 ... Note that i\n-0003c600: 6620 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 f ...check_signa\n-0003c610: 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 tures... is set \n-0003c620: 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 to ...enforce...\n-0003c630: 0a20 2020 2020 7768 656e 20e2 8098 7472 . when ...tr\n-0003c640: 7573 74e2 8099 2065 7865 6375 7465 732c ust... executes,\n-0003c650: 2074 6865 6e20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c then PUBKEY_FIL\n-0003c660: 4520 6d75 7374 2069 7473 656c 6620 6265 E must itself be\n-0003c670: 2070 726f 7065 726c 790a 2020 2020 2073 properly. s\n-0003c680: 6967 6e65 642e 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d igned. The ...-\n-0003c690: 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 206f 7074 -skip-sig... opt\n-0003c6a0: 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ion can be used \n-0003c6b0: 746f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 to disable. \n-0003c6c0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 652d 6368 6563 6b69 signature-checki\n-0003c6d0: 6e67 2077 6865 6e20 7265 6164 696e 6720 ng when reading \n-0003c6e0: 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6974 7365 PUBKEY_FILE itse\n-0003c6f0: 6c66 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2065 7870 6563 lf. It is expec\n-0003c700: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 e280 ted. that ..\n-0003c710: 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 2069 .--skip-sig... i\n-0003c720: 7320 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2074 6573 s useful for tes\n-0003c730: 7469 6e67 2061 6e64 206d 616e 7561 6c20 ting and manual \n-0003c740: 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a booting. *Note.\n-0003c750: 2020 2020 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 Using digit\n-0003c760: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c al signatures::,\n-0003c770: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d for more inform\n-0003c780: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ation.....File: \n-0003c790: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0003c7a0: 3a20 756e 7365 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : unset, Next: \n-0003c7b0: 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642c verify_detached,\n-0003c7c0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7472 7573 742c 2020 Prev: trust, \n-0003c7d0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0003c7e0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0003c7f0: 3737 2075 6e73 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 77 unset.-------\n-0003c800: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003c810: 616e 643a 2075 6e73 6574 2065 6e76 7661 and: unset envva\n-0003c820: 720a 2020 2020 2055 6e73 6574 2074 6865 r. Unset the\n-0003c830: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-0003c840: 6961 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 2e0a 0a1f iable ENVVAR....\n-0003c850: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0003c860: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2076 6572 6966 795f , Node: verify_\n-0003c870: 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 204e 6578 743a detached, Next:\n-0003c880: 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 videoinfo, Pre\n-0003c890: 763a 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 2055 703a 2043 v: unset, Up: C\n-0003c8a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-0003c8b0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3820 7665 ands..17.4.78 ve\n-0003c8c0: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 640a 2d2d rify_detached.--\n+00039dc0: 2020 2020 204c 6566 740a 2020 2020 2072 Left. r\n+00039dd0: 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ight \n+00039de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6967 Rig\n+00039df0: 6874 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 7320 7765 6c6c ht.. As well\n+00039e00: 2061 7320 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 2c20 as keystrokes, \n+00039e10: 7468 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 the ...sendkey..\n+00039e20: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7461 6b65 7320 . command takes \n+00039e30: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a various options.\n+00039e40: 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 6166 6665 6374 that affect\n+00039e50: 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 the BIOS keyboa\n+00039e60: 7264 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 732e rd status flags.\n+00039e70: 2020 5468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 These options \n+00039e80: 7461 6b65 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 take an. ...\n+00039e90: 6f6e e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 on... or ...off.\n+00039ea0: 8099 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2c20 7370 .. parameter, sp\n+00039eb0: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 ecifying that th\n+00039ec0: 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e corresponding \n+00039ed0: 7374 6174 7573 0a20 2020 2020 666c 6167 status. flag\n+00039ee0: 2062 6520 7365 7420 6f72 2075 6e73 6574 be set or unset\n+00039ef0: 3b20 6f6d 6974 7469 6e67 2074 6865 206f ; omitting the o\n+00039f00: 7074 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6120 6769 7665 ption for a give\n+00039f10: 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 670a 2020 n status flag. \n+00039f20: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6c65 6176 6520 7468 will leave th\n+00039f30: 6174 2066 6c61 6720 6174 2069 7473 2069 at flag at its i\n+00039f40: 6e69 7469 616c 2073 7461 7465 2061 7420 nitial state at \n+00039f50: 626f 6f74 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d boot. The ...--\n+00039f60: 6e75 6de2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 num...,. ...\n+00039f70: 2d2d 6361 7073 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d --caps..., ...--\n+00039f80: 7363 726f 6c6c e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 scroll..., and .\n+00039f90: 8098 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 e280 9920 6f70 ..--insert... op\n+00039fa0: 7469 6f6e 7320 656d 756c 6174 6520 7365 tions emulate se\n+00039fb0: 7474 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 tting the. c\n+00039fc0: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 206d 6f64 orresponding mod\n+00039fd0: 652c 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 20e2 8098 e, while the ...\n+00039fe0: 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 e280 992c 20e2 8098 --numkey..., ...\n+00039ff0: 2d2d 6361 7073 6b65 79e2 8099 2c0a 2020 --capskey...,. \n+0003a000: 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c 6b65 ...--scrollke\n+0003a010: 79e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d69 y..., and ...--i\n+0003a020: 6e73 6572 746b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 nsertkey... opti\n+0003a030: 6f6e 7320 656d 756c 6174 6520 7072 6573 ons emulate pres\n+0003a040: 7369 6e67 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 686f sing and. ho\n+0003a050: 6c64 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 lding the corres\n+0003a060: 706f 6e64 696e 6720 6b65 792e 2020 5468 ponding key. Th\n+0003a070: 6520 6f74 6865 7220 7374 6174 7573 2066 e other status f\n+0003a080: 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a lag options are.\n+0003a090: 2020 2020 2073 656c 662d 6578 706c 616e self-explan\n+0003a0a0: 6174 6f72 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 atory... If \n+0003a0b0: 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 6c65 64e2 the ...--no-led.\n+0003a0c0: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 .. option is giv\n+0003a0d0: 656e 2c20 7468 6520 7374 6174 7573 2066 en, the status f\n+0003a0e0: 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 6c6c lag options will\n+0003a0f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6566 . have no ef\n+0003a100: 6665 6374 206f 6e20 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 fect on keyboard\n+0003a110: 204c 4544 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 LEDs... If \n+0003a120: 7468 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 the ...sendkey..\n+0003a130: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2067 6976 . command is giv\n+0003a140: 656e 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7469 6d65 en multiple time\n+0003a150: 732c 2074 6865 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 s, then only the\n+0003a160: 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7374 2069 6e76 6f63 . last invoc\n+0003a170: 6174 696f 6e20 6861 7320 616e 7920 6566 ation has any ef\n+0003a180: 6665 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5369 6e63 fect... Sinc\n+0003a190: 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 e ...sendkey... \n+0003a1a0: 6d61 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 7320 7468 6520 manipulates the \n+0003a1b0: 4249 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6275 BIOS keyboard bu\n+0003a1c0: 6666 6572 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2063 6175 ffer, it may cau\n+0003a1d0: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e67 732c 2072 se. hangs, r\n+0003a1e0: 6562 6f6f 7473 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 eboots, or other\n+0003a1f0: 206d 6973 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f6e misbehaviour on\n+0003a200: 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 some systems. \n+0003a210: 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 6572 If the. oper\n+0003a220: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206f 7220 ating system or \n+0003a230: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7468 6174 boot loader that\n+0003a240: 2072 756e 7320 6166 7465 7220 4752 5542 runs after GRUB\n+0003a250: 2075 7365 7320 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a 2020 uses its own. \n+0003a260: 2020 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6472 6976 keyboard driv\n+0003a270: 6572 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 er rather than t\n+0003a280: 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 he BIOS keyboard\n+0003a290: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 656e functions, then\n+0003a2a0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 . ...sendkey\n+0003a2b0: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 6e6f ... will have no\n+0003a2c0: 2065 6666 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 effect... T\n+0003a2d0: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f his command is o\n+0003a2e0: 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e nly available on\n+0003a2f0: 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 PC BIOS systems\n+0003a300: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003a310: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6574 info, Node: set\n+0003a320: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 3173 756d , Next: sha1sum\n+0003a330: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 656e 646b 6579 , Prev: sendkey\n+0003a340: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0003a350: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+0003a360: 2e34 2e36 3720 7365 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .4.67 set.------\n+0003a370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003a380: 6e64 3a20 7365 7420 5b65 6e76 7661 723d nd: set [envvar=\n+0003a390: 7661 6c75 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 value]. Set \n+0003a3a0: 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 the environment \n+0003a3b0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 4e56 5641 5220 variable ENVVAR \n+0003a3c0: 746f 2056 414c 5545 2e20 2049 6620 696e to VALUE. If in\n+0003a3d0: 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 206e 6f0a 2020 voked with no. \n+0003a3e0: 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 arguments, pr\n+0003a3f0: 696e 7420 616c 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d int all environm\n+0003a400: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7769 ent variables wi\n+0003a410: 7468 2074 6865 6972 2076 616c 7565 732e th their values.\n+0003a420: 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c For. the l\n+0003a430: 6973 7420 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 ist of environme\n+0003a440: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2063 7572 nt variables cur\n+0003a450: 7265 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6279 2047 rently used by G\n+0003a460: 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 2073 6565 0a20 RUB itself see. \n+0003a470: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 the relevant\n+0003a480: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 202a 6e6f 7465 2045 section *note E\n+0003a490: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f nvironment::....\n+0003a4a0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003a4b0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3173 756d , Node: sha1sum\n+0003a4c0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 3235 3673 , Next: sha256s\n+0003a4d0: 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6574 2c20 um, Prev: set, \n+0003a4e0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0003a4f0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+0003a500: 2e36 3820 7368 6131 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d .68 sha1sum.----\n+0003a510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0003a520: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6131 7375 Command: sha1su\n+0003a530: 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 m arg .... A\n+0003a540: 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 lias for ...hash\n+0003a550: 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 3120 sum --hash sha1 \n+0003a560: 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 arg ....... See\n+0003a570: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 command ...hash\n+0003a580: 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f sum.... (*no\n+0003a590: 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f te hashsum::) fo\n+0003a5a0: 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 r full descripti\n+0003a5b0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n+0003a5c0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n+0003a5d0: 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a ha256sum, Next:\n+0003a5e0: 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 2050 7265 sha512sum, Pre\n+0003a5f0: 763a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 2055 703a v: sha1sum, Up:\n+0003a600: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0003a610: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3920 mmands..17.4.69 \n+0003a620: 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sha256sum.------\n+0003a630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0003a640: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6132 3536 Command: sha256\n+0003a650: 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 sum arg .... \n+0003a660: 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 Alias for ...ha\n+0003a670: 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 shsum --hash sha\n+0003a680: 3235 3620 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 256 arg ....... \n+0003a690: 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 See command ...\n+0003a6a0: 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 hashsum.... \n+0003a6b0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a (*note hashsum::\n+0003a6c0: 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 ) for full descr\n+0003a6d0: 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a iption.....File:\n+0003a6e0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003a6f0: 653a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 204e e: sha512sum, N\n+0003a700: 6578 743a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 2050 7265 ext: sleep, Pre\n+0003a710: 763a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 2055 v: sha256sum, U\n+0003a720: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0003a730: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 commands..17.4.7\n+0003a740: 3020 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 0 sha512sum.----\n+0003a750: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0003a760: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6135 -- Command: sha5\n+0003a770: 3132 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 12sum arg .... \n+0003a780: 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 Alias for ...\n+0003a790: 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 hashsum --hash s\n+0003a7a0: 6861 3531 3220 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 ha512 arg ......\n+0003a7b0: 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 . See command .\n+0003a7c0: 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 ..hashsum.... \n+0003a7d0: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d (*note hashsum\n+0003a7e0: 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 ::) for full des\n+0003a7f0: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c cription.....Fil\n+0003a800: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003a810: 6f64 653a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 204e 6578 ode: sleep, Nex\n+0003a820: 743a 2073 6d62 696f 732c 2020 5072 6576 t: smbios, Prev\n+0003a830: 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 : sha512sum, Up\n+0003a840: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0003a850: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3731 ommands..17.4.71\n+0003a860: 2073 6c65 6570 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sleep.---------\n+0003a870: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003a880: 643a 2073 6c65 6570 205b 2d2d 7665 7262 d: sleep [--verb\n+0003a890: 6f73 655d 205b 2d2d 696e 7465 7272 7570 ose] [--interrup\n+0003a8a0: 7469 626c 655d 2063 6f75 6e74 0a20 2020 tible] count. \n+0003a8b0: 2020 536c 6565 7020 666f 7220 434f 554e Sleep for COUN\n+0003a8c0: 5420 7365 636f 6e64 732e 2020 4966 206f T seconds. If o\n+0003a8d0: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d69 6e74 6572 ption ...--inter\n+0003a8e0: 7275 7074 6962 6c65 e280 9920 6973 2067 ruptible... is g\n+0003a8f0: 6976 656e 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 6f77 iven,. allow\n+0003a900: 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c45 5343 3e2c pressing ,\n+0003a910: 203c 4634 3e20 6f72 2068 6f6c 6469 6e67 or holding\n+0003a920: 2064 6f77 6e20 3c53 4849 4654 3e20 746f down to\n+0003a930: 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 0a20 2020 2020 interrupt. \n+0003a940: 736c 6565 702e 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 sleep. With ...\n+0003a950: 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 2073 686f --verbose... sho\n+0003a960: 7720 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 6f66 2072 w countdown of r\n+0003a970: 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 emaining seconds\n+0003a980: 2e20 2045 7869 740a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 . Exit. cod\n+0003a990: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 e is set to 0 if\n+0003a9a0: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2065 7870 6972 6564 timeout expired\n+0003a9b0: 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 3120 6966 2074 696d and to 1 if tim\n+0003a9c0: 656f 7574 2077 6173 0a20 2020 2020 696e eout was. in\n+0003a9d0: 7465 7272 7570 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 terrupted using \n+0003a9e0: 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e 7469 any of the menti\n+0003a9f0: 6f6e 6564 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 oned keys.....Fi\n+0003aa00: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003aa10: 4e6f 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 2c20 204e Node: smbios, N\n+0003aa20: 6578 743a 2073 6f75 7263 652c 2020 5072 ext: source, Pr\n+0003aa30: 6576 3a20 736c 6565 702c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: sleep, Up: \n+0003aa40: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0003aa50: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3732 2073 mands..17.4.72 s\n+0003aa60: 6d62 696f 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mbios.----------\n+0003aa70: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003aa80: 643a 2073 6d62 696f 7320 5b2d 2d74 7970 d: smbios [--typ\n+0003aa90: 6520 5459 5045 5d20 5b2d 2d68 616e 646c e TYPE] [--handl\n+0003aaa0: 6520 4841 4e44 4c45 5d20 5b2d 2d6d 6174 e HANDLE] [--mat\n+0003aab0: 6368 204d 4154 4348 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 ch MATCH]. \n+0003aac0: 2020 2020 282d 2d67 6574 2d62 7974 6520 (--get-byte \n+0003aad0: 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 776f 7264 207c 202d | --get-word | -\n+0003aae0: 2d67 6574 2d64 776f 7264 207c 202d 2d67 -get-dword | --g\n+0003aaf0: 6574 2d71 776f 7264 207c 0a20 2020 2020 et-qword |. \n+0003ab00: 2020 2020 202d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e --get-strin\n+0003ab10: 6720 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 7575 6964 2920 g | --get-uuid) \n+0003ab20: 4f46 4653 4554 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 5641 OFFSET [--set VA\n+0003ab30: 5249 4142 4c45 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 RIABLE]. Ret\n+0003ab40: 7269 6576 6520 534d 4249 4f53 2069 6e66 rieve SMBIOS inf\n+0003ab50: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ormation... \n+0003ab60: 5468 6520 e280 9873 6d62 696f 73e2 8099 The ...smbios...\n+0003ab70: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 command returns\n+0003ab80: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6120 the value of a \n+0003ab90: 6669 656c 6420 696e 2061 6e20 534d 4249 field in an SMBI\n+0003aba0: 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 OS. structur\n+0003abb0: 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e e. The followin\n+0003abc0: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d g options determ\n+0003abd0: 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 7374 7275 6374 ine which struct\n+0003abe0: 7572 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 ure to. sele\n+0003abf0: 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 ct... ...\n+0003ac00: 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d Specifying ...-\n+0003ac10: 2d74 7970 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7365 -type... will se\n+0003ac20: 6c65 6374 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 lect structures \n+0003ac30: 7769 7468 2061 206d 6174 6368 696e 670a with a matching.\n+0003ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5459 5045 2e20 TYPE. \n+0003ac50: 2054 6865 2074 7970 6520 6361 6e20 6265 The type can be\n+0003ac60: 2061 6e79 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2066 726f any integer fro\n+0003ac70: 6d20 3020 746f 2032 3535 2e0a 2020 2020 m 0 to 255.. \n+0003ac80: 2020 2020 e280 a220 5370 6563 6966 7969 ... Specifyi\n+0003ac90: 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d 6861 6e64 6c65 e280 ng ...--handle..\n+0003aca0: 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 . will select st\n+0003acb0: 7275 6374 7572 6573 2077 6974 6820 6120 ructures with a \n+0003acc0: 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 2020 matching. \n+0003acd0: 2020 2048 414e 444c 452e 2020 5468 6520 HANDLE. The \n+0003ace0: 6861 6e64 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e handle can be an\n+0003acf0: 7920 696e 7465 6765 7220 6672 6f6d 2030 y integer from 0\n+0003ad00: 2074 6f20 3635 3533 352e 0a20 2020 2020 to 65535.. \n+0003ad10: 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e ... Specifyin\n+0003ad20: 6720 e280 982d 2d6d 6174 6368 e280 9920 g ...--match... \n+0003ad30: 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 will select stru\n+0003ad40: 6374 7572 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 204d 4154 cture number MAT\n+0003ad50: 4348 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 CH in the. \n+0003ad60: 2020 2020 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206c 6973 filtered lis\n+0003ad70: 7420 6f66 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 733b t of structures;\n+0003ad80: 2065 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 736d 6269 6f73 e.g. ...smbios\n+0003ad90: 202d 2d74 7970 6520 3420 2d2d 6d61 7463 --type 4 --matc\n+0003ada0: 6820 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 h 2.... \n+0003adb0: 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 will select the\n+0003adc0: 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 5072 6f63 6573 7320 second Process \n+0003add0: 496e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 2854 7970 Information (Typ\n+0003ade0: 6520 3429 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e0a e 4) structure..\n+0003adf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6c69 The li\n+0003ae00: 7374 2069 7320 616c 7761 7973 206f 7264 st is always ord\n+0003ae10: 6572 6564 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 ered the same as\n+0003ae20: 2074 6865 2068 6172 6477 6172 6527 7320 the hardware's \n+0003ae30: 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 SMBIOS. \n+0003ae40: 2074 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6174 table. The mat\n+0003ae50: 6368 206e 756d 6265 7220 6d75 7374 2062 ch number must b\n+0003ae60: 6520 6120 706f 7369 7469 7665 2069 6e74 e a positive int\n+0003ae70: 6567 6572 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 2020 eger. If. \n+0003ae80: 2020 2020 756e 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c unspecified,\n+0003ae90: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 206d 6174 6368 the first match\n+0003aea0: 696e 6720 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 7769 ing structure wi\n+0003aeb0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2e0a ll be selected..\n+0003aec0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 696e . The remain\n+0003aed0: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 ing options dete\n+0003aee0: 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 6669 656c rmine which fiel\n+0003aef0: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 d in the selecte\n+0003af00: 6420 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 d SMBIOS. st\n+0003af10: 7275 6374 7572 6520 746f 2072 6574 7572 ructure to retur\n+0003af20: 6e2e 2020 4f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206f 6620 n. Only one of \n+0003af30: 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 these options ma\n+0003af40: 7920 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 y be specified a\n+0003af50: 740a 2020 2020 2061 2074 696d 652e 0a0a t. a time...\n+0003af60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e ... When\n+0003af70: 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d given ...--get-\n+0003af80: 6279 7465 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 byte..., return \n+0003af90: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 the value of the\n+0003afa0: 2062 7974 6520 6174 0a20 2020 2020 2020 byte at. \n+0003afb0: 2020 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 OFFSET bytes \n+0003afc0: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 into the selecte\n+0003afd0: 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 d SMBIOS structu\n+0003afe0: 7265 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 650a re. It will be.\n+0003aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 726d 6174 format\n+0003b000: 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e ted as an unsign\n+0003b010: 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 ed decimal integ\n+0003b020: 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 er.. ... \n+0003b030: 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d When given ...--\n+0003b040: 6765 742d 776f 7264 e280 992c 2072 6574 get-word..., ret\n+0003b050: 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 urn the value of\n+0003b060: 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2874 776f 0a20 the word (two. \n+0003b070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 bytes) \n+0003b080: 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 at OFFSET bytes \n+0003b090: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 into the selecte\n+0003b0a0: 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 d SMBIOS structu\n+0003b0b0: 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 re. It. \n+0003b0c0: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 will be format\n+0003b0d0: 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e ted as an unsign\n+0003b0e0: 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 ed decimal integ\n+0003b0f0: 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 er.. ... \n+0003b100: 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d When given ...--\n+0003b110: 6765 742d 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 get-dword..., re\n+0003b120: 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f turn the value o\n+0003b130: 6620 7468 6520 6477 6f72 6420 2866 6f75 f the dword (fou\n+0003b140: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 r. byte\n+0003b150: 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 s) at OFFSET byt\n+0003b160: 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 es into the sele\n+0003b170: 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 cted SMBIOS stru\n+0003b180: 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 cture. It. \n+0003b190: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 will be for\n+0003b1a0: 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e 2075 6e73 matted as an uns\n+0003b1b0: 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 696e igned decimal in\n+0003b1c0: 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 teger.. .\n+0003b1d0: 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 .. When given ..\n+0003b1e0: 982d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 e280 992c .--get-qword...,\n+0003b1f0: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 return the valu\n+0003b200: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2071 776f 7264 2028 e of the qword (\n+0003b210: 6569 6768 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eight. \n+0003b220: 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 bytes) at OFFSET\n+0003b230: 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 bytes into the \n+0003b240: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 selected SMBIOS \n+0003b250: 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 structure. It. \n+0003b260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 will be\n+0003b270: 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e formatted as an\n+0003b280: 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 unsigned decima\n+0003b290: 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 l integer.. \n+0003b2a0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 ... When give\n+0003b2b0: 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e n ...--get-strin\n+0003b2c0: 67e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 g..., return the\n+0003b2d0: 2073 7472 696e 6720 7769 7468 2069 7473 string with its\n+0003b2e0: 2069 6e64 6578 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 index. \n+0003b2f0: 2066 6f75 6e64 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 found at OFFSET\n+0003b300: 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 bytes into the \n+0003b310: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 selected SMBIOS \n+0003b320: 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 0a20 2020 2020 structure.. \n+0003b330: 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 ... 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FILE. \n+0003c040: 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 7473 0a20 2020 FILE exists. \n+0003c050: 2020 e280 982d 66e2 8099 2046 494c 450a ...-f... FILE.\n+0003c060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 2065 FILE e\n+0003c070: 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 xists and is not\n+0003c080: 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a20 2020 a directory. \n+0003c090: 2020 e280 982d 73e2 8099 2046 494c 450a ...-s... FILE.\n+0003c0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 2065 FILE e\n+0003c0b0: 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 6861 7320 6120 xists and has a \n+0003c0c0: 7369 7a65 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 size greater tha\n+0003c0d0: 6e20 7a65 726f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d n zero. ...-\n+0003c0e0: 6ee2 8099 2053 5452 494e 470a 2020 2020 n... STRING. \n+0003c0f0: 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 the length\n+0003c100: 206f 6620 5354 5249 4e47 2069 7320 6e6f of STRING is no\n+0003c110: 6e7a 6572 6f0a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e nzero. STRIN\n+0003c120: 470a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 G. STRI\n+0003c130: 4e47 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 NG is equivalent\n+0003c140: 2074 6f20 e280 982d 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 to ...-n STRING\n+0003c150: e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d7a e280 .... ...-z..\n+0003c160: 9920 5354 5249 4e47 0a20 2020 2020 2020 . STRING. \n+0003c170: 2020 2074 6865 206c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 the length of\n+0003c180: 2053 5452 494e 4720 6973 207a 6572 6f0a STRING is zero.\n+0003c190: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 2045 5850 ...(... EXP\n+0003c1a0: 5245 5353 494f 4e20 e280 9829 e280 990a RESSION ...)....\n+0003c1b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 EXPRES\n+0003c1c0: 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 7472 7565 0a20 2020 SION is true. \n+0003c1d0: 2020 e280 9821 e280 9920 4558 5052 4553 ...!... EXPRES\n+0003c1e0: 5349 4f4e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 SION. E\n+0003c1f0: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 6973 2066 616c XPRESSION is fal\n+0003c200: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 se. EXPRESSI\n+0003c210: 4f4e 3120 e280 982d 61e2 8099 2045 5850 ON1 ...-a... EXP\n+0003c220: 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 2020 RESSION2. \n+0003c230: 2020 2062 6f74 6820 4558 5052 4553 5349 both EXPRESSI\n+0003c240: 4f4e 3120 616e 6420 4558 5052 4553 5349 ON1 and EXPRESSI\n+0003c250: 4f4e 3220 6172 6520 7472 7565 0a20 2020 ON2 are true. \n+0003c260: 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 4558 EXPRESSION1 EX\n+0003c270: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 320a 2020 2020 2020 PRESSION2. \n+0003c280: 2020 2020 626f 7468 2045 5850 5245 5353 both EXPRESS\n+0003c290: 494f 4e31 2061 6e64 2045 5850 5245 5353 ION1 and EXPRESS\n+0003c2a0: 494f 4e32 2061 7265 2074 7275 652e 2020 ION2 are true. \n+0003c2b0: 5468 6973 2073 796e 7461 7820 6973 206e This syntax is n\n+0003c2c0: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 4f53 ot. POS\n+0003c2d0: 4958 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2061 6e64 IX-compliant and\n+0003c2e0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 636f 6d6d 656e is not recommen\n+0003c2f0: 6465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 ded.. EXPRES\n+0003c300: 5349 4f4e 3120 e280 982d 6fe2 8099 2045 SION1 ...-o... E\n+0003c310: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 XPRESSION2. \n+0003c320: 2020 2020 2065 6974 6865 7220 4558 5052 either EXPR\n+0003c330: 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 6f72 2045 5850 5245 ESSION1 or EXPRE\n+0003c340: 5353 494f 4e32 2069 7320 7472 7565 0a0a SSION2 is true..\n+0003c350: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003c360: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 o, Node: true, \n+0003c370: 204e 6578 743a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 2050 Next: trust, P\n+0003c380: 7265 763a 2074 6573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: test, Up: \n+0003c390: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0003c3a0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3735 2074 mands..17.4.75 t\n+0003c3b0: 7275 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rue.------------\n+0003c3c0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 .. -- Command: t\n+0003c3d0: 7275 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 rue. Do noth\n+0003c3e0: 696e 672c 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c ing, successfull\n+0003c3f0: 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e y. This is main\n+0003c400: 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e ly useful in con\n+0003c410: 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 trol. constr\n+0003c420: 7563 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 ucts such as ...\n+0003c430: 6966 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9877 6869 if... and ...whi\n+0003c440: 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 le... (*note She\n+0003c450: 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e ll-like scriptin\n+0003c460: 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 g::).....File: g\n+0003c470: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003c480: 2074 7275 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2075 trust, Next: u\n+0003c490: 6e73 6574 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 7275 nset, Prev: tru\n+0003c4a0: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d e, Up: Command-\n+0003c4b0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0003c4c0: 372e 342e 3736 2074 7275 7374 0a2d 2d2d 7.4.76 trust.---\n+0003c4d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0003c4e0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 7275 7374 205b Command: trust [\n+0003c4f0: 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d20 7075 626b --skip-sig] pubk\n+0003c500: 6579 5f66 696c 650a 2020 2020 2052 6561 ey_file. Rea\n+0003c510: 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2066 726f d public key fro\n+0003c520: 6d20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 616e m PUBKEY_FILE an\n+0003c530: 6420 6164 6420 6974 2074 6f20 4752 5542 d add it to GRUB\n+0003c540: 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c20 6c69 7374 's internal list\n+0003c550: 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 7275 7374 6564 . of trusted\n+0003c560: 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 public keys. T\n+0003c570: 6865 7365 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 7573 hese keys are us\n+0003c580: 6564 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2064 ed to validate d\n+0003c590: 6967 6974 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e igital. sign\n+0003c5a0: 6174 7572 6573 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 atures when envi\n+0003c5b0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+0003c5c0: 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ...check_signat\n+0003c5d0: 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 ures... is set t\n+0003c5e0: 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 o. ...enforc\n+0003c5f0: 65e2 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 e.... Note that\n+0003c600: 2069 6620 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 if ...check_sig\n+0003c610: 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 natures... is se\n+0003c620: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 t to ...enforce.\n+0003c630: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7768 656e 20e2 8098 ... when ...\n+0003c640: 7472 7573 74e2 8099 2065 7865 6375 7465 trust... execute\n+0003c650: 732c 2074 6865 6e20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 s, then PUBKEY_F\n+0003c660: 494c 4520 6d75 7374 2069 7473 656c 6620 ILE must itself \n+0003c670: 6265 2070 726f 7065 726c 790a 2020 2020 be properly. \n+0003c680: 2073 6967 6e65 642e 2020 5468 6520 e280 signed. The ..\n+0003c690: 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 206f .--skip-sig... o\n+0003c6a0: 7074 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 ption can be use\n+0003c6b0: 6420 746f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 d to disable. \n+0003c6c0: 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 652d 6368 6563 signature-chec\n+0003c6d0: 6b69 6e67 2077 6865 6e20 7265 6164 696e king when readin\n+0003c6e0: 6720 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6974 g PUBKEY_FILE it\n+0003c6f0: 7365 6c66 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2065 7870 self. It is exp\n+0003c700: 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 ected. that \n+0003c710: e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 ...--skip-sig...\n+0003c720: 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2074 is useful for t\n+0003c730: 6573 7469 6e67 2061 6e64 206d 616e 7561 esting and manua\n+0003c740: 6c20 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 2a4e 6f74 l booting. *Not\n+0003c750: 650a 2020 2020 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 e. Using dig\n+0003c760: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a ital signatures:\n+0003c770: 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f :, for more info\n+0003c780: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rmation.....File\n+0003c790: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0003c7a0: 6465 3a20 756e 7365 742c 2020 4e65 7874 de: unset, Next\n+0003c7b0: 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 : verify_detache\n+0003c7c0: 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7472 7573 742c d, Prev: trust,\n+0003c7d0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0003c7e0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0003c7f0: 342e 3737 2075 6e73 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.77 unset.-----\n+0003c800: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003c810: 6d6d 616e 643a 2075 6e73 6574 2065 6e76 mmand: unset env\n+0003c820: 7661 720a 2020 2020 2055 6e73 6574 2074 var. Unset t\n+0003c830: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 he environment v\n+0003c840: 6172 6961 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 2e0a ariable ENVVAR..\n+0003c850: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003c860: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2076 6572 6966 fo, Node: verif\n+0003c870: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 204e 6578 y_detached, Nex\n+0003c880: 743a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 2050 t: videoinfo, P\n+0003c890: 7265 763a 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 2055 703a rev: unset, Up:\n+0003c8a0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0003c8b0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3820 mmands..17.4.78 \n+0003c8c0: 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 640a verify_detached.\n 0003c8d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003c8e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0003c8f0: 6e64 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 nd: verify_detac\n-0003c900: 6865 6420 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 675d hed [--skip-sig]\n-0003c910: 2066 696c 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 655f file signature_\n-0003c920: 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b file. [\n-0003c930: 7075 626b 6579 5f66 696c 655d 0a20 2020 pubkey_file]. \n-0003c940: 2020 5665 7269 6669 6573 2061 2047 5047 Verifies a GPG\n-0003c950: 2d73 7479 6c65 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 -style detached \n-0003c960: 7369 676e 6174 7572 652c 2077 6865 7265 signature, where\n-0003c970: 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6669 6c65 the signed file\n-0003c980: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2046 494c 452c 2061 is. FILE, a\n-0003c990: 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 nd the signature\n-0003c9a0: 2069 7473 656c 6620 6973 2069 6e20 6669 itself is in fi\n-0003c9b0: 6c65 2053 4947 4e41 5455 5245 5f46 494c le SIGNATURE_FIL\n-0003c9c0: 452e 0a20 2020 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c E.. Optional\n-0003c9d0: 6c79 2c20 6120 7370 6563 6966 6963 2070 ly, a specific p\n-0003c9e0: 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 746f 2075 7365 ublic key to use\n-0003c9f0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 can be specifie\n-0003ca00: 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 2050 5542 d using. PUB\n-0003ca10: 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 KEY_FILE. When \n-0003ca20: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-0003ca30: 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 able ...check_si\n-0003ca40: 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 gnatures... is s\n-0003ca50: 6574 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 8098 656e et. to ...en\n-0003ca60: 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2050 force..., then P\n-0003ca70: 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 206d 7573 7420 UBKEY_FILE must \n-0003ca80: 6974 7365 6c66 2062 6520 7072 6f70 6572 itself be proper\n-0003ca90: 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6279 2061 6e0a ly signed by an.\n-0003caa0: 2020 2020 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2d74 7275 already-tru\n-0003cab0: 7374 6564 206b 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 756e sted key. An un\n-0003cac0: 7369 676e 6564 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 signed PUBKEY_FI\n-0003cad0: 4c45 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 LE can be loaded\n-0003cae0: 2062 790a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 by. specify\n-0003caf0: 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 ing ...--skip-si\n-0003cb00: 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 5055 424b 4559 g.... If PUBKEY\n-0003cb10: 5f46 494c 4520 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 _FILE is omitted\n-0003cb20: 2c20 7468 656e 2070 7562 6c69 630a 2020 , then public. \n-0003cb30: 2020 206b 6579 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 keys from GRU\n-0003cb40: 4227 7320 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 B's trusted keys\n-0003cb50: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 (*note list_tru\n-0003cb60: 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7472 sted::, *note tr\n-0003cb70: 7573 743a 3a2c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 ust::,. and \n-0003cb80: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a *note distrust::\n-0003cb90: 2920 6172 6520 7472 6965 642e 0a0a 2020 ) are tried... \n-0003cba0: 2020 2045 7869 7420 636f 6465 20e2 8098 Exit code ...\n-0003cbb0: 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 $?... is set to \n-0003cbc0: 3020 6966 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e61 7475 0 if the signatu\n-0003cbd0: 7265 2076 616c 6964 6174 6573 2073 7563 re validates suc\n-0003cbe0: 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 0a20 2020 2020 cessfully.. \n-0003cbf0: 4966 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6661 If validation fa\n-0003cc00: 696c 732c 2069 7420 6973 2073 6574 2074 ils, it is set t\n-0003cc10: 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2076 616c o a non-zero val\n-0003cc20: 7565 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 ue. *Note Using\n-0003cc30: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 . digital si\n-0003cc40: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 gnatures::, for \n-0003cc50: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e more information\n-0003cc60: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003cc70: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2076 6964 info, Node: vid\n-0003cc80: 656f 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2077 eoinfo, Next: w\n-0003cc90: 726d 7372 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2076 6572 rmsr, Prev: ver\n-0003cca0: 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 2055 ify_detached, U\n-0003ccb0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-0003ccc0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 commands..17.4.7\n-0003ccd0: 3920 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 9 videoinfo.----\n-0003cce0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003ccf0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7669 6465 -- Command: vide\n-0003cd00: 6f69 6e66 6f20 5b5b 5778 485d 7844 5d0a oinfo [[WxH]xD].\n-0003cd10: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 List availa\n-0003cd20: 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 732e ble video modes.\n-0003cd30: 2020 4966 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 If resolution \n-0003cd40: 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7368 6f77 206f is given, show o\n-0003cd50: 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 206d 6174 6368 696e nly. matchin\n-0003cd60: 6720 6d6f 6465 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 g modes.....File\n-0003cd70: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003cd80: 6465 3a20 7772 6d73 722c 2020 5072 6576 de: wrmsr, Prev\n-0003cd90: 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5570 : videoinfo, Up\n-0003cda0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0003cdb0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3830 ommands..17.4.80\n-0003cdc0: 2077 726d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d wrmsr.---------\n-0003cdd0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0003cde0: 643a 3a20 7772 6d73 7220 3078 4144 4452 d:: wrmsr 0xADDR\n-0003cdf0: 2030 7856 414c 5545 0a20 2020 2020 5772 0xVALUE. Wr\n-0003ce00: 6974 6520 6120 3078 5641 4c55 4520 746f ite a 0xVALUE to\n-0003ce10: 2061 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 a model-specifi\n-0003ce20: 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 2061 7420 6164 c register at ad\n-0003ce30: 6472 6573 7320 3078 4144 4452 2e0a 0a20 dress 0xADDR... \n-0003ce40: 2020 2020 506c 6561 7365 206e 6f74 6520 Please note \n-0003ce50: 7468 6174 206f 6e20 534d 5020 7379 7374 that on SMP syst\n-0003ce60: 656d 732c 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2074 6f20 ems, writing to \n-0003ce70: 6120 4d53 5220 7468 6174 2068 6173 2061 a MSR that has a\n-0003ce80: 2073 636f 7065 0a20 2020 2020 7065 7220 scope. per \n-0003ce90: 6861 7264 7761 7265 2074 6872 6561 642c hardware thread,\n-0003cea0: 2069 6d70 6c69 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 implies that th\n-0003ceb0: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2069 7320 e value that is \n-0003cec0: 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 written only. \n-0003ced0: 2020 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 applies to the\n-0003cee0: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6370 752f particular cpu/\n-0003cef0: 636f 7265 2f74 6872 6561 6420 7468 6174 core/thread that\n-0003cf00: 2072 756e 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e runs the comman\n-0003cf10: 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2069 d... Also, i\n-0003cf20: 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 f you specify a \n-0003cf30: 7265 7365 7276 6564 206f 7220 756e 696d reserved or unim\n-0003cf40: 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 4d53 5220 6164 plemented MSR ad\n-0003cf50: 6472 6573 732c 2069 740a 2020 2020 2077 dress, it. w\n-0003cf60: 696c 6c20 6361 7573 6520 6120 6765 6e65 ill cause a gene\n-0003cf70: 7261 6c20 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2065 ral protection e\n-0003cf80: 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2028 7768 6963 6820 xception (which \n-0003cf90: 6973 206e 6f74 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 is not currently\n-0003cfa0: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 696e 6720 6861 6e64 . being hand\n-0003cfb0: 6c65 6429 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 7973 led) and the sys\n-0003cfc0: 7465 6d20 7769 6c6c 2072 6562 6f6f 742e tem will reboot.\n-0003cfd0: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 .. Note: The\n-0003cfe0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 command is not \n-0003cff0: 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 allowed when loc\n-0003d000: 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 kdown is enforce\n-0003d010: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f d (*note. Lo\n-0003d020: 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 ckdown::). This\n-0003d030: 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2074 6f20 7072 6576 is done to prev\n-0003d040: 656e 7420 7375 6276 6572 7469 6e67 2076 ent subverting v\n-0003d050: 6172 696f 7573 2073 6563 7572 6974 790a arious security.\n-0003d060: 2020 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 732e mechanisms.\n-0003d070: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003d080: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 nfo, Node: Netw\n-0003d090: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c orking commands,\n-0003d0a0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 Next: Undocume\n-0003d0b0: 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 nted commands, \n-0003d0c0: 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Prev: Command-li\n-0003d0d0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 ne commands, Up\n-0003d0e0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 : Commands..17.5\n-0003d0f0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n-0003d100: 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ands.===========\n-0003d110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a2a =============..*\n-0003d120: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 Menu:..* net_ad\n-0003d130: 645f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 d_addr:: \n-0003d140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 6120 6e65 Add a ne\n-0003d150: 7477 6f72 6b20 6164 6472 6573 730a 2a20 twork address.* \n-0003d160: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 net_add_dns:: \n-0003d170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 Ad\n-0003d180: 6420 6120 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 0a2a d a DNS server.*\n-0003d190: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a net_add_route::\n-0003d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 A\n-0003d1b0: 6464 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 dd routing entry\n-0003d1c0: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 3a3a 2020 .* net_bootp:: \n+0003c8e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003c8f0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 mand: verify_det\n+0003c900: 6163 6865 6420 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 ached [--skip-si\n+0003c910: 675d 2066 696c 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 g] file signatur\n+0003c920: 655f 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e_file. \n+0003c930: 205b 7075 626b 6579 5f66 696c 655d 0a20 [pubkey_file]. \n+0003c940: 2020 2020 5665 7269 6669 6573 2061 2047 Verifies a G\n+0003c950: 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 2064 6574 6163 6865 PG-style detache\n+0003c960: 6420 7369 676e 6174 7572 652c 2077 6865 d signature, whe\n+0003c970: 7265 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6669 re the signed fi\n+0003c980: 6c65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2046 494c 452c le is. FILE,\n+0003c990: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e61 7475 and the signatu\n+0003c9a0: 7265 2069 7473 656c 6620 6973 2069 6e20 re itself is in \n+0003c9b0: 6669 6c65 2053 4947 4e41 5455 5245 5f46 file SIGNATURE_F\n+0003c9c0: 494c 452e 0a20 2020 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e ILE.. Option\n+0003c9d0: 616c 6c79 2c20 6120 7370 6563 6966 6963 ally, a specific\n+0003c9e0: 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 746f 2075 public key to u\n+0003c9f0: 7365 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 se can be specif\n+0003ca00: 6965 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 2050 ied using. P\n+0003ca10: 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2e20 2057 6865 UBKEY_FILE. Whe\n+0003ca20: 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 n environment va\n+0003ca30: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f riable ...check_\n+0003ca40: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 signatures... is\n+0003ca50: 2073 6574 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 8098 set. to ...\n+0003ca60: 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e enforce..., then\n+0003ca70: 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 206d 7573 PUBKEY_FILE mus\n+0003ca80: 7420 6974 7365 6c66 2062 6520 7072 6f70 t itself be prop\n+0003ca90: 6572 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6279 2061 erly signed by a\n+0003caa0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2d74 n. already-t\n+0003cab0: 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 rusted key. An \n+0003cac0: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2050 5542 4b45 595f unsigned PUBKEY_\n+0003cad0: 4649 4c45 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 FILE can be load\n+0003cae0: 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 ed by. speci\n+0003caf0: 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d fying ...--skip-\n+0003cb00: 7369 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 5055 424b sig.... If PUBK\n+0003cb10: 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6973 206f 6d69 7474 EY_FILE is omitt\n+0003cb20: 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2070 7562 6c69 630a ed, then public.\n+0003cb30: 2020 2020 206b 6579 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 keys from G\n+0003cb40: 5255 4227 7320 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 RUB's trusted ke\n+0003cb50: 7973 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 ys (*note list_t\n+0003cb60: 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 rusted::, *note \n+0003cb70: 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 0a20 2020 2020 616e trust::,. an\n+0003cb80: 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 d *note distrust\n+0003cb90: 3a3a 2920 6172 6520 7472 6965 642e 0a0a ::) are tried...\n+0003cba0: 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 636f 6465 20e2 Exit code .\n+0003cbb0: 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 ..$?... is set t\n+0003cbc0: 6f20 3020 6966 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e61 o 0 if the signa\n+0003cbd0: 7475 7265 2076 616c 6964 6174 6573 2073 ture validates s\n+0003cbe0: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 0a20 2020 uccessfully.. \n+0003cbf0: 2020 4966 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 If validation \n+0003cc00: 6661 696c 732c 2069 7420 6973 2073 6574 fails, it is set\n+0003cc10: 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2076 to a non-zero v\n+0003cc20: 616c 7565 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 alue. *Note Usi\n+0003cc30: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6769 7461 6c20 ng. digital \n+0003cc40: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f signatures::, fo\n+0003cc50: 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 r more informati\n+0003cc60: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n+0003cc70: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2076 b.info, Node: v\n+0003cc80: 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6578 743a ideoinfo, Next:\n+0003cc90: 2077 726d 7372 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2076 wrmsr, Prev: v\n+0003cca0: 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 erify_detached, \n+0003ccb0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0003ccc0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+0003ccd0: 2e37 3920 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f0a 2d2d .79 videoinfo.--\n+0003cce0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003ccf0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7669 . -- Command: vi\n+0003cd00: 6465 6f69 6e66 6f20 5b5b 5778 485d 7844 deoinfo [[WxH]xD\n+0003cd10: 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 ]. List avai\n+0003cd20: 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 lable video mode\n+0003cd30: 732e 2020 4966 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f s. If resolutio\n+0003cd40: 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7368 6f77 n is given, show\n+0003cd50: 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 206d 6174 6368 only. match\n+0003cd60: 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ing modes.....Fi\n+0003cd70: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003cd80: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7772 6d73 722c 2020 5072 Node: wrmsr, Pr\n+0003cd90: 6576 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 ev: videoinfo, \n+0003cda0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0003cdb0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+0003cdc0: 3830 2077 726d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 80 wrmsr.-------\n+0003cdd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0003cde0: 616e 643a 3a20 7772 6d73 7220 3078 4144 and:: wrmsr 0xAD\n+0003cdf0: 4452 2030 7856 414c 5545 0a20 2020 2020 DR 0xVALUE. \n+0003ce00: 5772 6974 6520 6120 3078 5641 4c55 4520 Write a 0xVALUE \n+0003ce10: 746f 2061 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 to a model-speci\n+0003ce20: 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 2061 7420 fic register at \n+0003ce30: 6164 6472 6573 7320 3078 4144 4452 2e0a address 0xADDR..\n+0003ce40: 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6561 7365 206e 6f74 . Please not\n+0003ce50: 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e20 534d 5020 7379 e that on SMP sy\n+0003ce60: 7374 656d 732c 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2074 stems, writing t\n+0003ce70: 6f20 6120 4d53 5220 7468 6174 2068 6173 o a MSR that has\n+0003ce80: 2061 2073 636f 7065 0a20 2020 2020 7065 a scope. pe\n+0003ce90: 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 2074 6872 6561 r hardware threa\n+0003cea0: 642c 2069 6d70 6c69 6573 2074 6861 7420 d, implies that \n+0003ceb0: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2069 the value that i\n+0003cec0: 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6f6e 6c79 0a20 s written only. \n+0003ced0: 2020 2020 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f 2074 applies to t\n+0003cee0: 6865 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6370 he particular cp\n+0003cef0: 752f 636f 7265 2f74 6872 6561 6420 7468 u/core/thread th\n+0003cf00: 6174 2072 756e 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d6d at runs the comm\n+0003cf10: 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c and... Also,\n+0003cf20: 2069 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 if you specify \n+0003cf30: 6120 7265 7365 7276 6564 206f 7220 756e a reserved or un\n+0003cf40: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 4d53 5220 implemented MSR \n+0003cf50: 6164 6472 6573 732c 2069 740a 2020 2020 address, it. \n+0003cf60: 2077 696c 6c20 6361 7573 6520 6120 6765 will cause a ge\n+0003cf70: 6e65 7261 6c20 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e neral protection\n+0003cf80: 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2028 7768 6963 exception (whic\n+0003cf90: 6820 6973 206e 6f74 2063 7572 7265 6e74 h is not current\n+0003cfa0: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6265 696e 6720 6861 ly. being ha\n+0003cfb0: 6e64 6c65 6429 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 ndled) and the s\n+0003cfc0: 7973 7465 6d20 7769 6c6c 2072 6562 6f6f ystem will reboo\n+0003cfd0: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 t... Note: T\n+0003cfe0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f he command is no\n+0003cff0: 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c t allowed when l\n+0003d000: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 ockdown is enfor\n+0003d010: 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ced (*note. \n+0003d020: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 Lockdown::). Th\n+0003d030: 6973 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2074 6f20 7072 is is done to pr\n+0003d040: 6576 656e 7420 7375 6276 6572 7469 6e67 event subverting\n+0003d050: 2076 6172 696f 7573 2073 6563 7572 6974 various securit\n+0003d060: 790a 2020 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d y. mechanism\n+0003d070: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+0003d080: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 .info, Node: Ne\n+0003d090: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n+0003d0a0: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 556e 646f 6375 s, Next: Undocu\n+0003d0b0: 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c mented commands,\n+0003d0c0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d Prev: Command-\n+0003d0d0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 line commands, \n+0003d0e0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 Up: Commands..17\n+0003d0f0: 2e35 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f .5 Networking co\n+0003d100: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mmands.=========\n+0003d110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+0003d120: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6e65 745f .* Menu:..* net_\n+0003d130: 6164 645f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 add_addr:: \n+0003d140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 6120 Add a \n+0003d150: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6164 6472 6573 730a network address.\n+0003d160: 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 733a 3a20 * net_add_dns:: \n+0003d170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0003d180: 4164 6420 6120 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 Add a DNS server\n+0003d190: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 .* net_add_route\n+0003d1a0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0003d1b0: 2041 6464 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 Add routing ent\n+0003d1c0: 7279 0a2a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 3a3a ry.* net_bootp::\n 0003d1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003d1e0: 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2062 6f6f 7470 Perform a bootp\n-0003d1f0: 2f44 4843 5020 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 /DHCP autoconfig\n-0003d200: 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 uration.* net_de\n-0003d210: 6c5f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 l_addr:: \n-0003d220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2049 Remove I\n-0003d230: 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 P address from i\n-0003d240: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 nterface.* net_d\n-0003d250: 656c 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 el_dns:: \n-0003d260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 Remove \n-0003d270: 6120 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 0a2a 206e a DNS server.* n\n-0003d280: 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a 2020 et_del_route:: \n-0003d290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d Rem\n-0003d2a0: 6f76 6520 6120 726f 7574 6520 656e 7472 ove a route entr\n-0003d2b0: 790a 2a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a3a 2020 y.* net_dhcp:: \n+0003d1e0: 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2062 6f6f Perform a boo\n+0003d1f0: 7470 2f44 4843 5020 6175 746f 636f 6e66 tp/DHCP autoconf\n+0003d200: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f iguration.* net_\n+0003d210: 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 del_addr:: \n+0003d220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 Remove\n+0003d230: 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6672 6f6d IP address from\n+0003d240: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 206e 6574 interface.* net\n+0003d250: 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 _del_dns:: \n+0003d260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 Remov\n+0003d270: 6520 6120 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 0a2a e a DNS server.*\n+0003d280: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a net_del_route::\n+0003d290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n+0003d2a0: 656d 6f76 6520 6120 726f 7574 6520 656e emove a route en\n+0003d2b0: 7472 790a 2a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a3a try.* net_dhcp::\n 0003d2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0003d2d0: 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 4448 4350 Perform a DHCP\n-0003d2e0: 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 autoconfigurati\n-0003d2f0: 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 on.* net_get_dhc\n-0003d300: 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 p_option:: \n-0003d310: 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 4448 4350 Retrieve DHCP\n-0003d320: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a2a 206e 6574 5f69 options.* net_i\n-0003d330: 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 3a3a 2020 pv6_autoconf:: \n-0003d340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d Perform\n-0003d350: 2049 5076 3620 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 IPv6 autoconfig\n-0003d360: 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 uration.* net_ls\n-0003d370: 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _addr:: \n-0003d380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2069 6e74 List int\n-0003d390: 6572 6661 6365 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 erfaces.* net_ls\n-0003d3a0: 5f63 6172 6473 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _cards:: \n-0003d3b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206e 6574 List net\n-0003d3c0: 776f 726b 2063 6172 6473 0a2a 206e 6574 work cards.* net\n-0003d3d0: 5f6c 735f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 _ls_dns:: \n-0003d3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 List \n-0003d3f0: 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 730a 2a20 6e65 DNS servers.* ne\n-0003d400: 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 733a 3a20 2020 t_ls_routes:: \n-0003d410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 List\n-0003d420: 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 routing entries\n-0003d430: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 703a .* net_nslookup:\n-0003d440: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0003d450: 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2044 4e53 206c Perform a DNS l\n-0003d460: 6f6f 6b75 700a 2a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f ookup.* net_set_\n-0003d470: 766c 616e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 vlan:: \n-0003d480: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 766c 616e 2069 Set vlan i\n-0003d490: 6420 6f6e 2061 6e20 696e 7465 7266 6163 d on an interfac\n-0003d4a0: 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e e....File: grub.\n-0003d4b0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-0003d4c0: 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 _add_addr, Next\n-0003d4d0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732c 2020 : net_add_dns, \n-0003d4e0: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n-0003d4f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3120 ommands..17.5.1 \n-0003d500: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d net_add_addr.---\n+0003d2d0: 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 4448 Perform a DH\n+0003d2e0: 4350 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 CP autoconfigura\n+0003d2f0: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 tion.* net_get_d\n+0003d300: 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 hcp_option:: \n+0003d310: 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 4448 Retrieve DH\n+0003d320: 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a2a 206e 6574 CP options.* net\n+0003d330: 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 3a3a _ipv6_autoconf::\n+0003d340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f Perfo\n+0003d350: 726d 2049 5076 3620 6175 746f 636f 6e66 rm IPv6 autoconf\n+0003d360: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f iguration.* net_\n+0003d370: 6c73 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ls_addr:: \n+0003d380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2069 List i\n+0003d390: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 730a 2a20 6e65 745f nterfaces.* net_\n+0003d3a0: 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 ls_cards:: \n+0003d3b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206e List n\n+0003d3c0: 6574 776f 726b 2063 6172 6473 0a2a 206e etwork cards.* n\n+0003d3d0: 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 et_ls_dns:: \n+0003d3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 Lis\n+0003d3f0: 7420 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 730a 2a20 t DNS servers.* \n+0003d400: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 733a 3a20 net_ls_routes:: \n+0003d410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 Li\n+0003d420: 7374 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 st routing entri\n+0003d430: 6573 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 es.* net_nslooku\n+0003d440: 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p:: \n+0003d450: 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2044 4e53 Perform a DNS\n+0003d460: 206c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2a20 6e65 745f 7365 lookup.* net_se\n+0003d470: 745f 766c 616e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_vlan:: \n+0003d480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 766c 616e Set vlan\n+0003d490: 2069 6420 6f6e 2061 6e20 696e 7465 7266 id on an interf\n+0003d4a0: 6163 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ace....File: gru\n+0003d4b0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+0003d4c0: 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 722c 2020 4e65 et_add_addr, Ne\n+0003d4d0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732c xt: net_add_dns,\n+0003d4e0: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n+0003d4f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n+0003d500: 3120 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 0a2d 1 net_add_addr.-\n 0003d510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003d520: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-0003d530: 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 7220 494e 5445 et_add_addr INTE\n-0003d540: 5246 4143 4520 4341 5244 2041 4444 5245 RFACE CARD ADDRE\n-0003d550: 5353 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6e66 6967 7572 SS. Configur\n-0003d560: 6520 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206e 6574 e additional net\n-0003d570: 776f 726b 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2077 work INTERFACE w\n-0003d580: 6974 6820 4144 4452 4553 5320 6f6e 2061 ith ADDRESS on a\n-0003d590: 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 4341 network. CA\n-0003d5a0: 5244 2e20 2041 4444 5245 5353 2063 616e RD. ADDRESS can\n-0003d5b0: 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2049 5020 696e be either IP in\n-0003d5c0: 2064 6f74 7465 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 dotted decimal \n-0003d5d0: 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 notation, or. \n-0003d5e0: 2020 7379 6d62 6f6c 6963 206e 616d 6520 symbolic name \n-0003d5f0: 7768 6963 6820 6973 2072 6573 6f6c 7665 which is resolve\n-0003d600: 6420 7573 696e 6720 444e 5320 6c6f 6f6b d using DNS look\n-0003d610: 7570 2e20 2049 6620 7375 6363 6573 7366 up. If successf\n-0003d620: 756c 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 636f ul,. this co\n-0003d630: 6d6d 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 6464 7320 mmand also adds \n-0003d640: 6c6f 6361 6c20 6c69 6e6b 2072 6f75 7469 local link routi\n-0003d650: 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6f20 7468 6520 ng entry to the \n-0003d660: 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 2073 7562 default. sub\n-0003d670: 6e65 7420 6f66 2041 4444 5245 5353 2077 net of ADDRESS w\n-0003d680: 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 2049 4e54 4552 4641 ith name INTERFA\n-0003d690: 4345 e280 983a 6c6f 6361 6ce2 8099 2076 CE...:local... v\n-0003d6a0: 6961 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2e0a 0a1f ia INTERFACE....\n-0003d6b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0003d6c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 , Node: net_add\n-0003d6d0: 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 _dns, Next: net\n-0003d6e0: 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2050 7265 _add_route, Pre\n-0003d6f0: 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 722c v: net_add_addr,\n-0003d700: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n-0003d710: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n-0003d720: 3220 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 730a 2d2d 2 net_add_dns.--\n+0003d520: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003d530: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 7220 494e net_add_addr IN\n+0003d540: 5445 5246 4143 4520 4341 5244 2041 4444 TERFACE CARD ADD\n+0003d550: 5245 5353 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6e66 6967 RESS. Config\n+0003d560: 7572 6520 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206e ure additional n\n+0003d570: 6574 776f 726b 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 etwork INTERFACE\n+0003d580: 2077 6974 6820 4144 4452 4553 5320 6f6e with ADDRESS on\n+0003d590: 2061 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 a network. \n+0003d5a0: 4341 5244 2e20 2041 4444 5245 5353 2063 CARD. ADDRESS c\n+0003d5b0: 616e 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2049 5020 an be either IP \n+0003d5c0: 696e 2064 6f74 7465 6420 6465 6369 6d61 in dotted decima\n+0003d5d0: 6c20 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 0a20 l notation, or. \n+0003d5e0: 2020 2020 7379 6d62 6f6c 6963 206e 616d symbolic nam\n+0003d5f0: 6520 7768 6963 6820 6973 2072 6573 6f6c e which is resol\n+0003d600: 7665 6420 7573 696e 6720 444e 5320 6c6f ved using DNS lo\n+0003d610: 6f6b 7570 2e20 2049 6620 7375 6363 6573 okup. If succes\n+0003d620: 7366 756c 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 sful,. this \n+0003d630: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 6464 command also add\n+0003d640: 7320 6c6f 6361 6c20 6c69 6e6b 2072 6f75 s local link rou\n+0003d650: 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6f20 7468 ting entry to th\n+0003d660: 6520 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 2073 e default. s\n+0003d670: 7562 6e65 7420 6f66 2041 4444 5245 5353 ubnet of ADDRESS\n+0003d680: 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 2049 4e54 4552 with name INTER\n+0003d690: 4641 4345 e280 983a 6c6f 6361 6ce2 8099 FACE...:local...\n+0003d6a0: 2076 6961 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2e0a via INTERFACE..\n+0003d6b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003d6c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 fo, Node: net_a\n+0003d6d0: 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e dd_dns, Next: n\n+0003d6e0: 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2050 et_add_route, P\n+0003d6f0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 rev: net_add_add\n+0003d700: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 r, Up: Networki\n+0003d710: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n+0003d720: 352e 3220 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 730a 5.2 net_add_dns.\n 0003d730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003d740: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-0003d750: 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2053 4552 5645 et_add_dns SERVE\n-0003d760: 520a 2020 2020 2052 6573 6f6c 7665 2053 R. Resolve S\n-0003d770: 4552 5645 5220 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 ERVER IP address\n-0003d780: 2061 6e64 2061 6464 2074 6f20 7468 6520 and add to the \n-0003d790: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 444e 5320 7365 7276 list of DNS serv\n-0003d7a0: 6572 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6475 ers used. du\n-0003d7b0: 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 ring name lookup\n-0003d7c0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003d7d0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-0003d7e0: 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 204e 6578 _add_route, Nex\n-0003d7f0: 743a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 2050 t: net_bootp, P\n-0003d800: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 rev: net_add_dns\n-0003d810: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n-0003d820: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n-0003d830: 2e33 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 .3 net_add_route\n-0003d840: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0003d850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0003d860: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 nd: net_add_rout\n-0003d870: 6520 5348 4f52 544e 414d 4520 4950 5b2f e SHORTNAME IP[/\n-0003d880: 5052 4546 4958 5d20 5b49 4e54 4552 4641 PREFIX] [INTERFA\n-0003d890: 4345 207c 2067 770a 2020 2020 2020 2020 CE | gw. \n-0003d8a0: 2020 4741 5445 5741 595d 0a20 2020 2020 GATEWAY]. \n-0003d8b0: 4164 6420 726f 7574 6520 746f 206e 6574 Add route to net\n-0003d8c0: 776f 726b 2077 6974 6820 6164 6472 6573 work with addres\n-0003d8d0: 7320 4950 2061 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 6564 s IP as modified\n-0003d8e0: 2062 7920 5052 4546 4958 2076 6961 0a20 by PREFIX via. \n-0003d8f0: 2020 2020 6569 7468 6572 206c 6f63 616c either local\n-0003d900: 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 206f 7220 4741 INTERFACE or GA\n-0003d910: 5445 5741 592e 2020 5052 4546 4958 2069 TEWAY. PREFIX i\n-0003d920: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 6e64 2064 s optional and d\n-0003d930: 6566 6175 6c74 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 efaults. to \n-0003d940: 3332 2066 6f72 2049 5076 3420 6164 6472 32 for IPv4 addr\n-0003d950: 6573 7320 616e 6420 3132 3820 666f 7220 ess and 128 for \n-0003d960: 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 IPv6 address. R\n-0003d970: 6f75 7465 2069 730a 2020 2020 2069 6465 oute is. ide\n-0003d980: 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 2053 484f 5254 ntified by SHORT\n-0003d990: 4e41 4d45 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 NAME which can b\n-0003d9a0: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6d6f 7665 e used to remove\n-0003d9b0: 2069 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 it (*note. \n-0003d9c0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 653a 3a29 net_del_route::)\n-0003d9d0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003d9e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-0003d9f0: 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e _bootp, Next: n\n-0003da00: 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5072 et_del_addr, Pr\n-0003da10: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 ev: net_add_rout\n-0003da20: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 e, Up: Networki\n-0003da30: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n-0003da40: 352e 3420 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 700a 2d2d 5.4 net_bootp.--\n-0003da50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0003da60: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n-0003da70: 5f62 6f6f 7470 205b 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 _bootp [CARD]. \n-0003da80: 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 206e 6574 Alias for net\n-0003da90: 5f64 6863 702c 2066 6f72 2063 6f6d 7061 _dhcp, for compa\n-0003daa0: 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2077 6974 6820 6f6c tibility with ol\n-0003dab0: 6465 7220 4772 7562 2076 6572 7369 6f6e der Grub version\n-0003dac0: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5769 6c6c 2070 6572 s.. Will per\n-0003dad0: 666f 726d 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 4448 form the same DH\n-0003dae0: 4350 2068 616e 6473 6861 6b65 2077 6974 CP handshake wit\n-0003daf0: 6820 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 6661 6c6c h potential fall\n-0003db00: 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2042 4f4f back to. BOO\n-0003db10: 5450 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e65 745f 6468 TP as the net_dh\n-0003db20: 6370 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 cp command (*not\n-0003db30: 6520 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a3a 292e 0a0a e net_dhcp::)...\n-0003db40: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003db50: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 o, Node: net_de\n-0003db60: 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e l_addr, Next: n\n-0003db70: 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 et_del_dns, Pre\n-0003db80: 763a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 2055 v: net_bootp, U\n-0003db90: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n-0003dba0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e35 206e mmands..17.5.5 n\n-0003dbb0: 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d et_del_addr.----\n-0003dbc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0003dbd0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n-0003dbe0: 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2049 4e54 4552 t_del_addr INTER\n-0003dbf0: 4641 4345 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 FACE. Remove\n-0003dc00: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 494e 5445 configured INTE\n-0003dc10: 5246 4143 4520 7769 7468 2061 7373 6f63 RFACE with assoc\n-0003dc20: 6961 7465 6420 6164 6472 6573 732e 0a0a iated address...\n-0003dc30: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003dc40: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 o, Node: net_de\n-0003dc50: 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 l_dns, Next: ne\n-0003dc60: 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5072 t_del_route, Pr\n-0003dc70: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 ev: net_del_addr\n-0003dc80: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n-0003dc90: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n-0003dca0: 2e36 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 0a2d .6 net_del_dns.-\n-0003dcb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003dcc0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0003dcd0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 7320 4144 4452 net_del_dns ADDR\n-0003dce0: 4553 530a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 ESS. Remove \n-0003dcf0: 4144 4452 4553 5320 6672 6f6d 206c 6973 ADDRESS from lis\n-0003dd00: 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 t of servers use\n-0003dd10: 6420 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f d during name lo\n-0003dd20: 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 okup.....File: g\n-0003dd30: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003dd40: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 net_del_route, \n-0003dd50: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c Next: net_dhcp,\n-0003dd60: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f Prev: net_del_\n-0003dd70: 646e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 dns, Up: Networ\n-0003dd80: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n-0003dd90: 372e 352e 3720 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7.5.7 net_del_ro\n-0003dda0: 7574 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ute.------------\n-0003ddb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0003ddc0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 mmand: net_del_r\n-0003ddd0: 6f75 7465 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 0a20 oute SHORTNAME. \n-0003dde0: 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2072 6f75 7465 Remove route\n-0003ddf0: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 entry identifie\n-0003de00: 6420 6279 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2e0a d by SHORTNAME..\n-0003de10: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0003de20: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 fo, Node: net_d\n-0003de30: 6863 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f hcp, Next: net_\n-0003de40: 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c get_dhcp_option,\n-0003de50: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f Prev: net_del_\n-0003de60: 726f 7574 652c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 route, Up: Netw\n-0003de70: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n-0003de80: 0a31 372e 352e 3820 6e65 745f 6468 6370 .17.5.8 net_dhcp\n-0003de90: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0003dea0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n-0003deb0: 6574 5f64 6863 7020 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 et_dhcp [CARD]. \n-0003dec0: 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 636f 6e66 Perform conf\n-0003ded0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2043 4152 iguration of CAR\n-0003dee0: 4420 7573 696e 6720 4448 4350 2070 726f D using DHCP pro\n-0003def0: 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6361 tocol. If no ca\n-0003df00: 7264 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 2069 7320 rd name. is \n-0003df10: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 7279 2074 specified, try t\n-0003df20: 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 616c 6c20 o configure all \n-0003df30: 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6172 6473 2e20 existing cards. \n-0003df40: 2046 616c 6c73 2062 6163 6b20 746f 0a20 Falls back to. \n-0003df50: 2020 2020 7468 6520 424f 4f54 5020 7072 the BOOTP pr\n-0003df60: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 6966 206e 6565 6465 otocol, if neede\n-0003df70: 642e 2020 4966 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 d. If configura\n-0003df80: 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 2073 7563 6365 7373 tion was success\n-0003df90: 6675 6c2c 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7266 ful,. interf\n-0003dfa0: 6163 6520 7769 7468 206e 616d 6520 4341 ace with name CA\n-0003dfb0: 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 e280 9920 616e RD...:dhcp... an\n-0003dfc0: 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2061 6464 d configured add\n-0003dfd0: 7265 7373 2069 7320 6164 6465 6420 746f ress is added to\n-0003dfe0: 0a20 2020 2020 4341 5244 2e20 2041 6464 . CARD. Add\n-0003dff0: 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7468 6520 666f itionally the fo\n-0003e000: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 4448 4350 206f 7074 llowing DHCP opt\n-0003e010: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 ions are recogni\n-0003e020: 7a65 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2070 726f zed and. pro\n-0003e030: 6365 7373 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 cessed:.. ..\n-0003e040: 9831 2028 5375 626e 6574 204d 6173 6b29 .1 (Subnet Mask)\n-0003e050: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5573 .... Us\n-0003e060: 6564 2074 6f20 6361 6c63 756c 6174 6520 ed to calculate \n-0003e070: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 6c20 726f network local ro\n-0003e080: 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 uting entry for \n-0003e090: 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2020 2020 2020 interface. \n-0003e0a0: 2020 2020 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 CARD...:dhcp\n-0003e0b0: e280 992e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9833 2028 ..... ...3 (\n-0003e0c0: 526f 7574 6572 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 Router).... \n-0003e0d0: 2020 2020 2041 6464 7320 6465 6661 756c Adds defaul\n-0003e0e0: 7420 726f 7574 6520 656e 7472 7920 7769 t route entry wi\n-0003e0f0: 7468 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 th the name CARD\n-0003e100: e280 983a 6468 6370 3a64 6566 6175 6c74 ...:dhcp:default\n-0003e110: e280 9920 7669 610a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ... via. \n-0003e120: 2020 6761 7465 7761 7920 6672 6f6d 2044 gateway from D\n-0003e130: 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 204e 6f74 HCP option. Not\n-0003e140: 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e6c 7920 6f70 7469 e that only opti\n-0003e150: 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 7369 6e67 6c65 0a20 on with single. \n-0003e160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6f75 7465 2069 route i\n-0003e170: 7320 6163 6365 7074 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 s accepted.. \n-0003e180: 20e2 8098 3620 2844 6f6d 6169 6e20 4e61 ...6 (Domain Na\n-0003e190: 6d65 2053 6572 7665 7229 e280 990a 2020 me Server).... \n-0003e1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6473 2061 6c6c Adds all\n-0003e1b0: 2073 6572 7665 7273 2066 726f 6d20 6f70 servers from op\n-0003e1c0: 7469 6f6e 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 7468 tion value to th\n-0003e1d0: 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7365 7276 6572 e list of server\n-0003e1e0: 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 s used. \n-0003e1f0: 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 2072 6573 during name res\n-0003e200: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 olution.. ..\n-0003e210: 9831 3220 2848 6f73 7420 4e61 6d65 29e2 .12 (Host Name).\n-0003e220: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 ... Set\n-0003e230: 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 s environment va\n-0003e240: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 riable ...net_..\n-0003e250: 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f ...._dhcp_\n-0003e260: 686f 7374 6e61 6d65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f hostname... (*no\n-0003e270: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 te. net\n-0003e280: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 __hos\n-0003e290: 746e 616d 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 tname::) to the \n-0003e2a0: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e value of option.\n-0003e2b0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3520 2844 6f6d . ...15 (Dom\n-0003e2c0: 6169 6e20 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 ain Name).... \n-0003e2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 Sets envi\n-0003e2e0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-0003e2f0: 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 ...net_......_dhcp_domain\n-0003e310: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ... (*note. \n-0003e320: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 net__domain::) t\n-0003e340: 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f o the value of o\n-0003e350: 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 ption.. ...1\n-0003e360: 3720 2852 6f6f 7420 5061 7468 29e2 8099 7 (Root Path)...\n-0003e370: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 . Sets \n-0003e380: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-0003e390: 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c able ...net_...<\n-0003e3a0: 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f 726f CARD>..._dhcp_ro\n-0003e3b0: 6f74 7061 7468 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 otpath... (*note\n-0003e3c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c . net_<\n-0003e3d0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f 7470 INTERFACE>_rootp\n-0003e3e0: 6174 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 ath::) to the va\n-0003e3f0: 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 lue of option.. \n-0003e400: 2020 2020 e280 9831 3820 2845 7874 656e ...18 (Exten\n-0003e410: 7369 6f6e 7320 5061 7468 29e2 8099 0a20 sions Path).... \n-0003e420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e Sets en\n-0003e430: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-0003e440: 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 le ...net_......_dhcp_exte\n-0003e460: 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 e280 990a 2020 nsionspath.... \n-0003e470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 206e (*note n\n-0003e480: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 et__e\n-0003e490: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 683a 3a29 xtensionspath::)\n-0003e4a0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 to the value of\n-0003e4b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f . optio\n-0003e4c0: 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9836 3620 2854 n.. ...66 (T\n-0003e4d0: 4654 5020 5365 7276 6572 204e 616d 6529 FTP Server Name)\n-0003e4e0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 .... Se\n-0003e4f0: 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 ts environment v\n-0003e500: 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 ariable ...net_.\n-0003e510: 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f 6468 6370 ....._dhcp\n-0003e520: 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 990a _server_name....\n-0003e530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 (*note\n-0003e540: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-0003e550: 5f64 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d _dhcp_server_nam\n-0003e560: 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 e::) to the valu\n-0003e570: 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f e of. o\n-0003e580: 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9836 ption.. ...6\n-0003e590: 3720 2846 696c 656e 616d 6529 e280 990a 7 (Filename)....\n-0003e5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 Sets e\n-0003e5b0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-0003e5c0: 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 ble ...net_......_boot_fil\n-0003e5e0: 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 e... (*note. \n-0003e5f0: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 net__boot_file:\n-0003e610: 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 :) to the value \n-0003e620: 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 of option.....Fi\n-0003e630: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003e640: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 Node: net_get_dh\n-0003e650: 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 cp_option, Next\n-0003e660: 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 : net_ipv6_autoc\n-0003e670: 6f6e 662c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f onf, Prev: net_\n-0003e680: 6468 6370 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f dhcp, Up: Netwo\n-0003e690: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n-0003e6a0: 3137 2e35 2e39 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 17.5.9 net_get_d\n-0003e6b0: 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d hcp_option.-----\n+0003d740: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003d750: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2053 4552 net_add_dns SER\n+0003d760: 5645 520a 2020 2020 2052 6573 6f6c 7665 VER. Resolve\n+0003d770: 2053 4552 5645 5220 4950 2061 6464 7265 SERVER IP addre\n+0003d780: 7373 2061 6e64 2061 6464 2074 6f20 7468 ss and add to th\n+0003d790: 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 444e 5320 7365 e list of DNS se\n+0003d7a0: 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 rvers used. \n+0003d7b0: 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b during name look\n+0003d7c0: 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 up.....File: gru\n+0003d7d0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+0003d7e0: 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 204e et_add_route, N\n+0003d7f0: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 ext: net_bootp, \n+0003d800: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 Prev: net_add_d\n+0003d810: 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b ns, Up: Network\n+0003d820: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n+0003d830: 2e35 2e33 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 .5.3 net_add_rou\n+0003d840: 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d te.-------------\n+0003d850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003d860: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f mand: net_add_ro\n+0003d870: 7574 6520 5348 4f52 544e 414d 4520 4950 ute SHORTNAME IP\n+0003d880: 5b2f 5052 4546 4958 5d20 5b49 4e54 4552 [/PREFIX] [INTER\n+0003d890: 4641 4345 207c 2067 770a 2020 2020 2020 FACE | gw. \n+0003d8a0: 2020 2020 4741 5445 5741 595d 0a20 2020 GATEWAY]. \n+0003d8b0: 2020 4164 6420 726f 7574 6520 746f 206e Add route to n\n+0003d8c0: 6574 776f 726b 2077 6974 6820 6164 6472 etwork with addr\n+0003d8d0: 6573 7320 4950 2061 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 ess IP as modifi\n+0003d8e0: 6564 2062 7920 5052 4546 4958 2076 6961 ed by PREFIX via\n+0003d8f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6569 7468 6572 206c 6f63 . either loc\n+0003d900: 616c 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 206f 7220 al INTERFACE or \n+0003d910: 4741 5445 5741 592e 2020 5052 4546 4958 GATEWAY. PREFIX\n+0003d920: 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 6e64 is optional and\n+0003d930: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 730a 2020 2020 2074 defaults. t\n+0003d940: 6f20 3332 2066 6f72 2049 5076 3420 6164 o 32 for IPv4 ad\n+0003d950: 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 3132 3820 666f dress and 128 fo\n+0003d960: 7220 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 r IPv6 address. \n+0003d970: 2052 6f75 7465 2069 730a 2020 2020 2069 Route is. i\n+0003d980: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 2053 484f dentified by SHO\n+0003d990: 5254 4e41 4d45 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e RTNAME which can\n+0003d9a0: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6d6f be used to remo\n+0003d9b0: 7665 2069 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 ve it (*note. \n+0003d9c0: 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 653a net_del_route:\n+0003d9d0: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n+0003d9e0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+0003d9f0: 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 204e 6578 743a et_bootp, Next:\n+0003da00: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722c 2020 net_del_addr, \n+0003da10: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f Prev: net_add_ro\n+0003da20: 7574 652c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 ute, Up: Networ\n+0003da30: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n+0003da40: 372e 352e 3420 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 700a 7.5.4 net_bootp.\n+0003da50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003da60: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n+0003da70: 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 205b 4341 5244 5d0a et_bootp [CARD].\n+0003da80: 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 206e Alias for n\n+0003da90: 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2066 6f72 2063 6f6d et_dhcp, for com\n+0003daa0: 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2077 6974 6820 patibility with \n+0003dab0: 6f6c 6465 7220 4772 7562 2076 6572 7369 older Grub versi\n+0003dac0: 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5769 6c6c 2070 ons.. Will p\n+0003dad0: 6572 666f 726d 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 erform the same \n+0003dae0: 4448 4350 2068 616e 6473 6861 6b65 2077 DHCP handshake w\n+0003daf0: 6974 6820 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 6661 ith potential fa\n+0003db00: 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2042 llback to. B\n+0003db10: 4f4f 5450 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e65 745f OOTP as the net_\n+0003db20: 6468 6370 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e dhcp command (*n\n+0003db30: 6f74 6520 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a3a 292e ote net_dhcp::).\n+0003db40: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003db50: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+0003db60: 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 743a del_addr, Next:\n+0003db70: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 2050 net_del_dns, P\n+0003db80: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 rev: net_bootp, \n+0003db90: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n+0003dba0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e35 commands..17.5.5\n+0003dbb0: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d net_del_addr.--\n+0003dbc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003dbd0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0003dbe0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2049 4e54 net_del_addr INT\n+0003dbf0: 4552 4641 4345 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f ERFACE. Remo\n+0003dc00: 7665 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 494e ve configured IN\n+0003dc10: 5445 5246 4143 4520 7769 7468 2061 7373 TERFACE with ass\n+0003dc20: 6f63 6961 7465 6420 6164 6472 6573 732e ociated address.\n+0003dc30: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003dc40: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+0003dc50: 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 del_dns, Next: \n+0003dc60: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 net_del_route, \n+0003dc70: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 Prev: net_del_ad\n+0003dc80: 6472 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b dr, Up: Network\n+0003dc90: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n+0003dca0: 2e35 2e36 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 .5.6 net_del_dns\n+0003dcb0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0003dcc0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003dcd0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 7320 4144 : net_del_dns AD\n+0003dce0: 4452 4553 530a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 DRESS. Remov\n+0003dcf0: 6520 4144 4452 4553 5320 6672 6f6d 206c e ADDRESS from l\n+0003dd00: 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 ist of servers u\n+0003dd10: 7365 6420 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 sed during name \n+0003dd20: 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a lookup.....File:\n+0003dd30: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0003dd40: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 e: net_del_route\n+0003dd50: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 , Next: net_dhc\n+0003dd60: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 p, Prev: net_de\n+0003dd70: 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 l_dns, Up: Netw\n+0003dd80: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n+0003dd90: 0a31 372e 352e 3720 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f .17.5.7 net_del_\n+0003dda0: 726f 7574 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d route.----------\n+0003ddb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0003ddc0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 656c Command: net_del\n+0003ddd0: 5f72 6f75 7465 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 _route SHORTNAME\n+0003dde0: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2072 6f75 . Remove rou\n+0003ddf0: 7465 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6465 6e74 6966 te entry identif\n+0003de00: 6965 6420 6279 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 ied by SHORTNAME\n+0003de10: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003de20: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+0003de30: 5f64 6863 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 _dhcp, Next: ne\n+0003de40: 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f t_get_dhcp_optio\n+0003de50: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 n, Prev: net_de\n+0003de60: 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 l_route, Up: Ne\n+0003de70: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n+0003de80: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3820 6e65 745f 6468 s..17.5.8 net_dh\n+0003de90: 6370 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cp.-------------\n+0003dea0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003deb0: 206e 6574 5f64 6863 7020 5b43 4152 445d net_dhcp [CARD]\n+0003dec0: 0a20 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 636f . Perform co\n+0003ded0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2043 nfiguration of C\n+0003dee0: 4152 4420 7573 696e 6720 4448 4350 2070 ARD using DHCP p\n+0003def0: 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 rotocol. If no \n+0003df00: 6361 7264 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 2069 card name. i\n+0003df10: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 7279 s specified, try\n+0003df20: 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 616c to configure al\n+0003df30: 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6172 6473 l existing cards\n+0003df40: 2e20 2046 616c 6c73 2062 6163 6b20 746f . Falls back to\n+0003df50: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 424f 4f54 5020 . the BOOTP \n+0003df60: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 6966 206e 6565 protocol, if nee\n+0003df70: 6465 642e 2020 4966 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ded. If configu\n+0003df80: 7261 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 2073 7563 6365 ration was succe\n+0003df90: 7373 6675 6c2c 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 ssful,. inte\n+0003dfa0: 7266 6163 6520 7769 7468 206e 616d 6520 rface with name \n+0003dfb0: 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 e280 9920 CARD...:dhcp... \n+0003dfc0: 616e 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2061 and configured a\n+0003dfd0: 6464 7265 7373 2069 7320 6164 6465 6420 ddress is added \n+0003dfe0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 4341 5244 2e20 2041 to. CARD. A\n+0003dff0: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7468 6520 dditionally the \n+0003e000: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 4448 4350 206f following DHCP o\n+0003e010: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2072 6563 6f67 ptions are recog\n+0003e020: 6e69 7a65 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2070 nized and. p\n+0003e030: 726f 6365 7373 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 rocessed:.. \n+0003e040: e280 9831 2028 5375 626e 6574 204d 6173 ...1 (Subnet Mas\n+0003e050: 6b29 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 k).... \n+0003e060: 5573 6564 2074 6f20 6361 6c63 756c 6174 Used to calculat\n+0003e070: 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 6c20 e network local \n+0003e080: 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 7920 666f routing entry fo\n+0003e090: 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2020 2020 r interface. \n+0003e0a0: 2020 2020 2020 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 CARD...:dh\n+0003e0b0: 6370 e280 992e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9833 cp..... ...3\n+0003e0c0: 2028 526f 7574 6572 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 (Router).... \n+0003e0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 7320 6465 6661 Adds defa\n+0003e0e0: 756c 7420 726f 7574 6520 656e 7472 7920 ult route entry \n+0003e0f0: 7769 7468 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 4341 with the name CA\n+0003e100: 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 3a64 6566 6175 RD...:dhcp:defau\n+0003e110: 6c74 e280 9920 7669 610a 2020 2020 2020 lt... via. \n+0003e120: 2020 2020 6761 7465 7761 7920 6672 6f6d gateway from\n+0003e130: 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 204e DHCP option. N\n+0003e140: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e6c 7920 6f70 ote that only op\n+0003e150: 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 7369 6e67 6c65 tion with single\n+0003e160: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6f75 7465 . route\n+0003e170: 2069 7320 6163 6365 7074 6564 2e0a 2020 is accepted.. \n+0003e180: 2020 20e2 8098 3620 2844 6f6d 6169 6e20 ...6 (Domain \n+0003e190: 4e61 6d65 2053 6572 7665 7229 e280 990a Name Server)....\n+0003e1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6473 2061 Adds a\n+0003e1b0: 6c6c 2073 6572 7665 7273 2066 726f 6d20 ll servers from \n+0003e1c0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 option value to \n+0003e1d0: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7365 7276 the list of serv\n+0003e1e0: 6572 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ers used. \n+0003e1f0: 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 2072 during name r\n+0003e200: 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 esolution.. \n+0003e210: e280 9831 3220 2848 6f73 7420 4e61 6d65 ...12 (Host Name\n+0003e220: 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 ).... S\n+0003e230: 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ets environment \n+0003e240: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f variable ...net_\n+0003e250: e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 ......_dhc\n+0003e260: 705f 686f 7374 6e61 6d65 e280 9920 282a p_hostname... (*\n+0003e270: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e note. n\n+0003e280: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 et__h\n+0003e290: 6f73 746e 616d 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 ostname::) to th\n+0003e2a0: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f e value of optio\n+0003e2b0: 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3520 2844 n.. ...15 (D\n+0003e2c0: 6f6d 6169 6e20 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 omain Name).... \n+0003e2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e Sets en\n+0003e2e0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+0003e2f0: 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 le ...net_......_dhcp_doma\n+0003e310: 696e e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 in... (*note. \n+0003e320: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 net__domain::)\n+0003e340: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 to the value of\n+0003e350: 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 option.. ..\n+0003e360: 9831 3720 2852 6f6f 7420 5061 7468 29e2 .17 (Root Path).\n+0003e370: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 ... Set\n+0003e380: 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 s environment va\n+0003e390: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 riable ...net_..\n+0003e3a0: 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f ...._dhcp_\n+0003e3b0: 726f 6f74 7061 7468 e280 9920 282a 6e6f rootpath... (*no\n+0003e3c0: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 te. net\n+0003e3d0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f __roo\n+0003e3e0: 7470 6174 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 tpath::) to the \n+0003e3f0: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e value of option.\n+0003e400: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3820 2845 7874 . ...18 (Ext\n+0003e410: 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 5061 7468 29e2 8099 ensions Path)...\n+0003e420: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 . Sets \n+0003e430: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+0003e440: 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c able ...net_...<\n+0003e450: 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f 6578 CARD>..._dhcp_ex\n+0003e460: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 e280 990a tensionspath....\n+0003e470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 (*note\n+0003e480: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+0003e490: 5f65 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 683a _extensionspath:\n+0003e4a0: 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 :) to the value \n+0003e4b0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 7074 of. opt\n+0003e4c0: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9836 3620 ion.. ...66 \n+0003e4d0: 2854 4654 5020 5365 7276 6572 204e 616d (TFTP Server Nam\n+0003e4e0: 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e).... \n+0003e4f0: 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Sets environment\n+0003e500: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 variable ...net\n+0003e510: 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f 6468 _......_dh\n+0003e520: 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 cp_server_name..\n+0003e530: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 282a 6e6f .. (*no\n+0003e540: 7465 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 te net__dhcp_server_n\n+0003e560: 616d 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 ame::) to the va\n+0003e570: 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lue of. \n+0003e580: 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 option.. ..\n+0003e590: 9836 3720 2846 696c 656e 616d 6529 e280 .67 (Filename)..\n+0003e5a0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 .. Sets\n+0003e5b0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+0003e5c0: 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 iable ...net_...\n+0003e5d0: 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f 626f 6f74 5f66 ..._boot_f\n+0003e5e0: 696c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 ile... (*note. \n+0003e5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 net__boot_fil\n+0003e610: 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 e::) to the valu\n+0003e620: 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a e of option.....\n+0003e630: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003e640: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f Node: net_get_\n+0003e650: 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 dhcp_option, Ne\n+0003e660: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 xt: net_ipv6_aut\n+0003e670: 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 oconf, Prev: ne\n+0003e680: 745f 6468 6370 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 t_dhcp, Up: Net\n+0003e690: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n+0003e6a0: 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e39 206e 6574 5f67 6574 ..17.5.9 net_get\n+0003e6b0: 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d _dhcp_option.---\n 0003e6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003e6d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0003e6e0: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 nd: net_get_dhcp\n-0003e6f0: 5f6f 7074 696f 6e20 5641 5220 494e 5445 _option VAR INTE\n-0003e700: 5246 4143 4520 4e55 4d42 4552 2054 5950 RFACE NUMBER TYP\n-0003e710: 450a 2020 2020 2052 6571 7565 7374 2044 E. Request D\n-0003e720: 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 204e 554d 4245 HCP option NUMBE\n-0003e730: 5220 6f66 2054 5950 4520 7669 6120 494e R of TYPE via IN\n-0003e740: 5445 5246 4143 452e 2020 5459 5045 2063 TERFACE. TYPE c\n-0003e750: 616e 2062 6520 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 206f an be one. o\n-0003e760: 6620 e280 9873 7472 696e 67e2 8099 2c20 f ...string..., \n-0003e770: e280 986e 756d 6265 72e2 8099 206f 7220 ...number... or \n-0003e780: e280 9868 6578 e280 992e 2020 4966 206f ...hex.... If o\n-0003e790: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 ption is found, \n-0003e7a0: 6173 7369 676e 2069 7473 0a20 2020 2020 assign its. \n-0003e7b0: 7661 6c75 6520 746f 2076 6172 6961 626c value to variabl\n-0003e7c0: 6520 5641 522e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 206f e VAR. Values o\n-0003e7d0: 6620 7479 7065 7320 e280 986e 756d 6265 f types ...numbe\n-0003e7e0: 72e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6865 78e2 r... and ...hex.\n-0003e7f0: 8099 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e76 .. are. conv\n-0003e800: 6572 7465 6420 746f 2073 7472 696e 6720 erted to string \n-0003e810: 7265 7072 6573 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2e0a representation..\n-0003e820: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0003e830: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f69 fo, Node: net_i\n-0003e840: 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 204e pv6_autoconf, N\n-0003e850: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 ext: net_ls_addr\n-0003e860: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 , Prev: net_get\n-0003e870: 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 _dhcp_option, U\n-0003e880: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n-0003e890: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3020 mmands..17.5.10 \n-0003e8a0: 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e net_ipv6_autocon\n-0003e8b0: 660a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d f.--------------\n-0003e8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003e8d0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 Command: net_ip\n-0003e8e0: 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 6620 5b43 4152 v6_autoconf [CAR\n-0003e8f0: 445d 0a20 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 D]. Perform \n-0003e900: 4950 7636 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 IPv6 autoconfigu\n-0003e910: 7261 7469 6f6e 2062 7920 6164 6469 6e67 ration by adding\n-0003e920: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4341 5244 2069 6e74 to the CARD int\n-0003e930: 6572 6661 6365 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 erface with. \n-0003e940: 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a 6c69 name CARD...:li\n-0003e950: 6e6b e280 9920 616e 6420 6c69 6e6b 206c nk... and link l\n-0003e960: 6f63 616c 204d 4143 2d62 6173 6564 2061 ocal MAC-based a\n-0003e970: 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 ddress. If no c\n-0003e980: 6172 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 ard is. spec\n-0003e990: 6966 6965 642c 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 ified, perform a\n-0003e9a0: 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e utoconfiguration\n-0003e9b0: 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 2065 7869 7374 696e for all existin\n-0003e9c0: 6720 6361 7264 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 g cards.....File\n-0003e9d0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003e9e0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c de: net_ls_addr,\n-0003e9f0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 Next: net_ls_c\n-0003ea00: 6172 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 ards, Prev: net\n-0003ea10: 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 _ipv6_autoconf, \n-0003ea20: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n-0003ea30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 commands..17.5.1\n-0003ea40: 3120 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 1 net_ls_addr.--\n+0003e6d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003e6e0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 mand: net_get_dh\n+0003e6f0: 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e20 5641 5220 494e cp_option VAR IN\n+0003e700: 5445 5246 4143 4520 4e55 4d42 4552 2054 TERFACE NUMBER T\n+0003e710: 5950 450a 2020 2020 2052 6571 7565 7374 YPE. Request\n+0003e720: 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 204e 554d DHCP option NUM\n+0003e730: 4245 5220 6f66 2054 5950 4520 7669 6120 BER of TYPE via \n+0003e740: 494e 5445 5246 4143 452e 2020 5459 5045 INTERFACE. TYPE\n+0003e750: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 can be one. \n+0003e760: 206f 6620 e280 9873 7472 696e 67e2 8099 of ...string...\n+0003e770: 2c20 e280 986e 756d 6265 72e2 8099 206f , ...number... o\n+0003e780: 7220 e280 9868 6578 e280 992e 2020 4966 r ...hex.... If\n+0003e790: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 option is found\n+0003e7a0: 2c20 6173 7369 676e 2069 7473 0a20 2020 , assign its. \n+0003e7b0: 2020 7661 6c75 6520 746f 2076 6172 6961 value to varia\n+0003e7c0: 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 ble VAR. Values\n+0003e7d0: 206f 6620 7479 7065 7320 e280 986e 756d of types ...num\n+0003e7e0: 6265 72e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6865 ber... and ...he\n+0003e7f0: 78e2 8099 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 636f x... are. co\n+0003e800: 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2073 7472 696e nverted to strin\n+0003e810: 6720 7265 7072 6573 656e 7461 7469 6f6e g representation\n+0003e820: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003e830: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+0003e840: 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 _ipv6_autoconf, \n+0003e850: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 Next: net_ls_ad\n+0003e860: 6472 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f67 dr, Prev: net_g\n+0003e870: 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 et_dhcp_option, \n+0003e880: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n+0003e890: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 commands..17.5.1\n+0003e8a0: 3020 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 0 net_ipv6_autoc\n+0003e8b0: 6f6e 660a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d onf.------------\n+0003e8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0003e8d0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n+0003e8e0: 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 6620 5b43 ipv6_autoconf [C\n+0003e8f0: 4152 445d 0a20 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 ARD]. Perfor\n+0003e900: 6d20 4950 7636 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 m IPv6 autoconfi\n+0003e910: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2062 7920 6164 6469 guration by addi\n+0003e920: 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4341 5244 2069 ng to the CARD i\n+0003e930: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2077 6974 680a 2020 nterface with. \n+0003e940: 2020 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a name CARD...:\n+0003e950: 6c69 6e6b e280 9920 616e 6420 6c69 6e6b link... and link\n+0003e960: 206c 6f63 616c 204d 4143 2d62 6173 6564 local MAC-based\n+0003e970: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f address. If no\n+0003e980: 2063 6172 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7370 card is. sp\n+0003e990: 6563 6966 6965 642c 2070 6572 666f 726d ecified, perform\n+0003e9a0: 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 autoconfigurati\n+0003e9b0: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 2065 7869 7374 on for all exist\n+0003e9c0: 696e 6720 6361 7264 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ing cards.....Fi\n+0003e9d0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003e9e0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 Node: net_ls_add\n+0003e9f0: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 r, Next: net_ls\n+0003ea00: 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e _cards, Prev: n\n+0003ea10: 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 et_ipv6_autoconf\n+0003ea20: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n+0003ea30: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n+0003ea40: 2e31 3120 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 720a .11 net_ls_addr.\n 0003ea50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003ea60: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0003ea70: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 720a 2020 2020 net_ls_addr. \n-0003ea80: 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 List all config\n-0003ea90: 7572 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7320 ured interfaces \n-0003eaa0: 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 204d 4143 2061 with their MAC a\n-0003eab0: 6e64 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7365 732e nd IP addresses.\n-0003eac0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003ead0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-0003eae0: 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a ls_cards, Next:\n-0003eaf0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 5072 net_ls_dns, Pr\n-0003eb00: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c ev: net_ls_addr,\n-0003eb10: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n-0003eb20: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n-0003eb30: 3132 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 730a 12 net_ls_cards.\n-0003eb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003eb50: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0003eb60: 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 730a d: net_ls_cards.\n-0003eb70: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 6465 List all de\n-0003eb80: 7465 6374 6564 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 tected network c\n-0003eb90: 6172 6473 2077 6974 6820 7468 6569 7220 ards with their \n-0003eba0: 4d41 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e 0a0a 1f0a MAC address.....\n-0003ebb0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003ebc0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 Node: net_ls_d\n-0003ebd0: 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c ns, Next: net_l\n-0003ebe0: 735f 726f 7574 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a s_routes, Prev:\n-0003ebf0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732c 2020 net_ls_cards, \n-0003ec00: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n-0003ec10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3133 ommands..17.5.13\n-0003ec20: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d net_ls_dns.----\n-0003ec30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0003ec40: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n-0003ec50: 5f6c 735f 646e 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 _ls_dns. Lis\n-0003ec60: 7420 6164 6472 6573 7365 7320 6f66 2044 t addresses of D\n-0003ec70: 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 6420 NS servers used \n-0003ec80: 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b during name look\n-0003ec90: 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 up.....File: gru\n-0003eca0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-0003ecb0: 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 2c20 204e et_ls_routes, N\n-0003ecc0: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 ext: net_nslooku\n-0003ecd0: 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 p, Prev: net_ls\n-0003ece0: 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f _dns, Up: Netwo\n-0003ecf0: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n-0003ed00: 3137 2e35 2e31 3420 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 17.5.14 net_ls_r\n-0003ed10: 6f75 7465 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d outes.----------\n-0003ed20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003ed30: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 Command: net_ls\n-0003ed40: 5f72 6f75 7465 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 _routes. Lis\n-0003ed50: 7420 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 6965 t routing entrie\n-0003ed60: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-0003ed70: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n-0003ed80: 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 204e 6578 t_nslookup, Nex\n-0003ed90: 743a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2c t: net_set_vlan,\n-0003eda0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 Prev: net_ls_r\n-0003edb0: 6f75 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 outes, Up: Netw\n-0003edc0: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n-0003edd0: 0a31 372e 352e 3135 206e 6574 5f6e 736c .17.5.15 net_nsl\n-0003ede0: 6f6f 6b75 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ookup.----------\n-0003edf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0003ee00: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c Command: net_nsl\n-0003ee10: 6f6f 6b75 7020 4e41 4d45 205b 5345 5256 ookup NAME [SERV\n-0003ee20: 4552 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 6f6c 7665 ER]. Resolve\n-0003ee30: 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 4e41 4d45 address of NAME\n-0003ee40: 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 using DNS serve\n-0003ee50: 7220 5345 5256 4552 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f r SERVER. If no\n-0003ee60: 2073 6572 7665 7220 6973 0a20 2020 2020 server is. \n-0003ee70: 6769 7665 6e2c 2075 7365 2064 6566 6175 given, use defau\n-0003ee80: 6c74 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 lt list of serve\n-0003ee90: 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 rs.....File: gru\n-0003eea0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-0003eeb0: 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2c 2020 5072 et_set_vlan, Pr\n-0003eec0: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 ev: net_nslookup\n-0003eed0: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n-0003eee0: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n-0003eef0: 2e31 3620 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e .16 net_set_vlan\n-0003ef00: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0003ef10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0003ef20: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e nd: net_set_vlan\n-0003ef30: 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2056 4c41 4e49 INTERFACE VLANI\n-0003ef40: 440a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 2038 D. Set the 8\n-0003ef50: 3032 2e31 5120 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 02.1Q VLAN ident\n-0003ef60: 6966 6965 7220 6f6e 2049 4e54 4552 4641 ifier on INTERFA\n-0003ef70: 4345 2074 6f20 564c 414e 4944 2e20 2046 CE to VLANID. F\n-0003ef80: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6578 616d 706c 652c or. example,\n-0003ef90: 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 564c 414e to set the VLAN\n-0003efa0: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6f6e 2069 identifier on i\n-0003efb0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 20e2 8098 6566 696e nterface ...efin\n-0003efc0: 6574 31e2 8099 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 et1... to. .\n-0003efd0: 8098 3130 30e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ..100...:.. \n-0003efe0: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 net_set_vla\n-0003eff0: 6e20 6566 696e 6574 3120 3130 300a 0a20 n efinet1 100.. \n-0003f000: 2020 2020 5468 6520 564c 414e 2069 6465 The VLAN ide\n-0003f010: 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6361 6e20 6265 2072 ntifier can be r\n-0003f020: 656d 6f76 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e emoved by settin\n-0003f030: 6720 6974 2074 6f20 e280 9830 e280 993a g it to ...0...:\n-0003f040: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f .. net_\n-0003f050: 7365 745f 766c 616e 2065 6669 6e65 7431 set_vlan efinet1\n-0003f060: 2030 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 0....File: grub\n-0003f070: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 556e .info, Node: Un\n-0003f080: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 documented comma\n-0003f090: 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 nds, Prev: Netw\n-0003f0a0: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c orking commands,\n-0003f0b0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a Up: Commands..\n-0003f0c0: 3137 2e36 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6375 17.6 Commands cu\n-0003f0d0: 7272 656e 746c 7920 756e 646f 6375 6d65 rrently undocume\n-0003f0e0: 6e74 6564 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nted.===========\n+0003ea60: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003ea70: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 720a 2020 : net_ls_addr. \n+0003ea80: 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 636f 6e66 List all conf\n+0003ea90: 6967 7572 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 igured interface\n+0003eaa0: 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 204d 4143 s with their MAC\n+0003eab0: 2061 6e64 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7365 and IP addresse\n+0003eac0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+0003ead0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+0003eae0: 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 204e 6578 t_ls_cards, Nex\n+0003eaf0: 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 t: net_ls_dns, \n+0003eb00: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 Prev: net_ls_add\n+0003eb10: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 r, Up: Networki\n+0003eb20: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n+0003eb30: 352e 3132 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 5.12 net_ls_card\n+0003eb40: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n+0003eb50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0003eb60: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 and: net_ls_card\n+0003eb70: 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 s. List all \n+0003eb80: 6465 7465 6374 6564 206e 6574 776f 726b detected network\n+0003eb90: 2063 6172 6473 2077 6974 6820 7468 6569 cards with thei\n+0003eba0: 7220 4d41 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e 0a0a r MAC address...\n+0003ebb0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003ebc0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 o, Node: net_ls\n+0003ebd0: 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 _dns, Next: net\n+0003ebe0: 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 2c20 2050 7265 _ls_routes, Pre\n+0003ebf0: 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732c v: net_ls_cards,\n+0003ec00: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n+0003ec10: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n+0003ec20: 3133 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 730a 2d2d 13 net_ls_dns.--\n+0003ec30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003ec40: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e .. -- Command: n\n+0003ec50: 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 730a 2020 2020 204c et_ls_dns. L\n+0003ec60: 6973 7420 6164 6472 6573 7365 7320 6f66 ist addresses of\n+0003ec70: 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 DNS servers use\n+0003ec80: 6420 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f d during name lo\n+0003ec90: 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 okup.....File: g\n+0003eca0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003ecb0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 2c20 net_ls_routes, \n+0003ecc0: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f Next: net_nsloo\n+0003ecd0: 6b75 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f kup, Prev: net_\n+0003ece0: 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 ls_dns, Up: Net\n+0003ecf0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n+0003ed00: 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3420 6e65 745f 6c73 ..17.5.14 net_ls\n+0003ed10: 5f72 6f75 7465 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _routes.--------\n+0003ed20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0003ed30: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n+0003ed40: 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 730a 2020 2020 204c ls_routes. L\n+0003ed50: 6973 7420 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 ist routing entr\n+0003ed60: 6965 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ies.....File: gr\n+0003ed70: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003ed80: 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 204e net_nslookup, N\n+0003ed90: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 ext: net_set_vla\n+0003eda0: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 n, Prev: net_ls\n+0003edb0: 5f72 6f75 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 _routes, Up: Ne\n+0003edc0: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n+0003edd0: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3135 206e 6574 5f6e s..17.5.15 net_n\n+0003ede0: 736c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d slookup.--------\n+0003edf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003ee00: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6e - Command: net_n\n+0003ee10: 736c 6f6f 6b75 7020 4e41 4d45 205b 5345 slookup NAME [SE\n+0003ee20: 5256 4552 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 6f6c RVER]. Resol\n+0003ee30: 7665 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 4e41 ve address of NA\n+0003ee40: 4d45 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 2073 6572 ME using DNS ser\n+0003ee50: 7665 7220 5345 5256 4552 2e20 2049 6620 ver SERVER. If \n+0003ee60: 6e6f 2073 6572 7665 7220 6973 0a20 2020 no server is. \n+0003ee70: 2020 6769 7665 6e2c 2075 7365 2064 6566 given, use def\n+0003ee80: 6175 6c74 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 ault list of ser\n+0003ee90: 7665 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 vers.....File: g\n+0003eea0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003eeb0: 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2c 2020 net_set_vlan, \n+0003eec0: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b Prev: net_nslook\n+0003eed0: 7570 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b up, Up: Network\n+0003eee0: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n+0003eef0: 2e35 2e31 3620 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c .5.16 net_set_vl\n+0003ef00: 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d an.-------------\n+0003ef10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003ef20: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c mand: net_set_vl\n+0003ef30: 616e 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2056 4c41 an INTERFACE VLA\n+0003ef40: 4e49 440a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 NID. Set the\n+0003ef50: 2038 3032 2e31 5120 564c 414e 2069 6465 802.1Q VLAN ide\n+0003ef60: 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6f6e 2049 4e54 4552 ntifier on INTER\n+0003ef70: 4641 4345 2074 6f20 564c 414e 4944 2e20 FACE to VLANID. \n+0003ef80: 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6578 616d 706c For. exampl\n+0003ef90: 652c 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 564c e, to set the VL\n+0003efa0: 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6f6e AN identifier on\n+0003efb0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 20e2 8098 6566 interface ...ef\n+0003efc0: 696e 6574 31e2 8099 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 inet1... to. \n+0003efd0: 20e2 8098 3130 30e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 ...100...:.. \n+0003efe0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 net_set_v\n+0003eff0: 6c61 6e20 6566 696e 6574 3120 3130 300a lan efinet1 100.\n+0003f000: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 564c 414e 2069 . The VLAN i\n+0003f010: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6361 6e20 6265 dentifier can be\n+0003f020: 2072 656d 6f76 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 removed by sett\n+0003f030: 696e 6720 6974 2074 6f20 e280 9830 e280 ing it to ...0..\n+0003f040: 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 .:.. ne\n+0003f050: 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2065 6669 6e65 t_set_vlan efine\n+0003f060: 7431 2030 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 t1 0....File: gr\n+0003f070: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003f080: 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d Undocumented com\n+0003f090: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 mands, Prev: Ne\n+0003f0a0: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n+0003f0b0: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 s, Up: Commands\n+0003f0c0: 0a0a 3137 2e36 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 ..17.6 Commands \n+0003f0d0: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 756e 646f 6375 currently undocu\n+0003f0e0: 6d65 6e74 6564 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mented.=========\n 0003f0f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003f100: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a55 6e66 6f72 =========..Unfor\n-0003f110: 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 7420 616c tunately, not al\n-0003f120: 6c20 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 l GRUB commands \n-0003f130: 6172 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 are documented a\n-0003f140: 7420 7468 6973 2074 696d 6520 6475 6520 t this time due \n-0003f150: 746f 0a64 6576 656c 6f70 6572 2072 6573 to.developer res\n-0003f160: 6f75 7263 6520 636f 6e73 7472 6169 6e74 ource constraint\n-0003f170: 732e 2020 4f6e 6520 7761 7920 746f 2063 s. One way to c\n-0003f180: 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 6520 6261 636b 2074 ontribute back t\n-0003f190: 6f20 7468 6520 4752 5542 0a70 726f 6a65 o the GRUB.proje\n-0003f1a0: 6374 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 746f 2068 ct would be to h\n-0003f1b0: 656c 7020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 elp document the\n-0003f1c0: 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2061 6e64 se commands, and\n-0003f1d0: 2073 7562 6d69 7420 7061 7463 6865 7320 submit patches \n-0003f1e0: 6f72 0a69 6465 6173 2074 6f20 7468 6520 or.ideas to the \n-0003f1f0: 6d61 696c 696e 6720 6c69 7374 2e20 2054 mailing list. T\n-0003f200: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7320 he following is \n-0003f210: 6120 286d 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 6c79 2069 a (most likely i\n-0003f220: 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 6529 0a6c 6973 7420 ncomplete).list \n-0003f230: 6f66 2075 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 of undocumented \n-0003f240: 6f72 2070 6f6f 726c 7920 646f 6375 6d65 or poorly docume\n-0003f250: 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 616e nted commands an\n-0003f260: 6420 6e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 d not all of the\n-0003f270: 6d0a 6172 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 666f m.are allowed fo\n-0003f280: 7220 616c 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e r all platforms.\n-0003f290: 2020 5275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f Running the co\n-0003f2a0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6865 6c70 2066 726f 6d20 mmand help from \n-0003f2b0: 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 0a47 5255 4220 within the.GRUB \n-0003f2c0: 7368 656c 6c20 6d61 7920 7072 6f76 6964 shell may provid\n-0003f2d0: 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 e more informati\n-0003f2e0: 6f6e 206f 6e20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 on on parameters\n-0003f2f0: 2061 6e64 2075 7361 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 and usage... \n-0003f300: e280 a220 e280 9861 6c6c 5f66 756e 6374 ... ...all_funct\n-0003f310: 696f 6e61 6c5f 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 ional_test... - \n-0003f320: 5275 6e20 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e Run all function\n-0003f330: 616c 2074 6573 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 al tests.. ...\n-0003f340: 20e2 8098 6261 636b 7472 6163 65e2 8099 ...backtrace...\n-0003f350: 202d 2050 7269 6e74 2062 6163 6b74 7261 - Print backtra\n-0003f360: 6365 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 626f ce.. ... ...bo\n-0003f370: 6f74 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 ottime... - Show\n-0003f380: 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2073 7461 7469 boot time stati\n-0003f390: 7374 6963 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 stics.. ... ..\n-0003f3a0: 9863 6163 6865 696e 666f e280 9920 2d20 .cacheinfo... - \n-0003f3b0: 4765 7420 6469 736b 2063 6163 6865 2069 Get disk cache i\n-0003f3c0: 6e66 6f2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 nfo.. ... ...c\n-0003f3d0: 626d 656d 63e2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 bmemc... - Show \n-0003f3e0: 4342 4d45 4d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 636f CBMEM console co\n-0003f3f0: 6e74 656e 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ntent.. ... ..\n-0003f400: 9863 6d6f 7373 6574 e280 9920 2d20 5365 .cmosset... - Se\n-0003f410: 7420 6269 7420 6174 2042 5954 453a 4249 t bit at BYTE:BI\n-0003f420: 5420 696e 2043 4d4f 532e 0a20 2020 e280 T in CMOS.. ..\n-0003f430: a220 e280 9863 6f72 6562 6f6f 745f 626f . ...coreboot_bo\n-0003f440: 6f74 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 ottime... - Show\n-0003f450: 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 626f 6f74 2074 coreboot boot t\n-0003f460: 696d 6520 7374 6174 6973 7469 6373 2e0a ime statistics..\n-0003f470: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6475 6d70 e280 ... ...dump..\n-0003f480: 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 206d 656d 6f72 7920 . - Show memory \n-0003f490: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 contents.. ...\n-0003f4a0: 20e2 8098 6566 6965 6d75 5f6c 6f61 6463 ...efiemu_loadc\n-0003f4b0: 6f72 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e ore... - Load an\n-0003f4c0: 6420 696e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 2045 4649 d initialize EFI\n-0003f4d0: 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 e280 emulator.. ..\n-0003f4e0: a220 e280 9865 6669 656d 755f 7072 6570 . ...efiemu_prep\n-0003f4f0: 6172 65e2 8099 202d 2046 696e 616c 697a are... - Finaliz\n-0003f500: 6520 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 2045 4649 e loading of EFI\n-0003f510: 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 e280 emulator.. ..\n-0003f520: a220 e280 9865 6669 656d 755f 756e 6c6f . ...efiemu_unlo\n-0003f530: 6164 e280 9920 2d20 556e 6c6f 6164 2045 ad... - Unload E\n-0003f540: 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 FI emulator.. \n-0003f550: e280 a220 e280 9865 7869 74e2 8099 202d ... ...exit... -\n-0003f560: 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422e Exit from GRUB.\n-0003f570: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 . ... ...extra\n-0003f580: 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e 6669 ct_entries_confi\n-0003f590: 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 gfile... - Load \n-0003f5a0: 616e 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e66 6967 2066 another config f\n-0003f5b0: 696c 6520 6275 7420 7461 6b65 0a20 2020 ile but take. \n-0003f5c0: 2020 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 only menu entr\n-0003f5d0: 6965 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 ies.. ... ...e\n-0003f5e0: 7874 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f73 xtract_entries_s\n-0003f5f0: 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 ource... - Load \n-0003f600: 616e 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e66 6967 2066 another config f\n-0003f610: 696c 6520 7769 7468 6f75 740a 2020 2020 ile without. \n-0003f620: 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 636f 6e74 6578 changing contex\n-0003f630: 7420 6275 7420 7461 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 t but take only \n-0003f640: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 2020 menu entries.. \n-0003f650: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f ... ...extract_\n-0003f660: 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 legacy_entries_c\n-0003f670: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2050 onfigfile... - P\n-0003f680: 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 arse legacy conf\n-0003f690: 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 770a 2020 2020 2063 ig in new. c\n-0003f6a0: 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e ontext taking on\n-0003f6b0: 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a ly menu entries.\n-0003f6c0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 ... ...extrac\n-0003f6d0: 745f 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 t_legacy_entries\n-0003f6e0: 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 _source... - Par\n-0003f6f0: 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 se legacy config\n-0003f700: 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 636f in same. co\n-0003f710: 6e74 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c ntext taking onl\n-0003f720: 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 y menu entries. \n-0003f730: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 ... ...extract\n-0003f740: 5f73 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 656e 7472 6965 _syslinux_entrie\n-0003f750: 735f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 s_configfile... \n-0003f760: 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c 696e - Execute syslin\n-0003f770: 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 0a20 2020 ux config in. \n-0003f780: 2020 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 new context ta\n-0003f790: 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 king only menu e\n-0003f7a0: 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ntries. ... ..\n-0003f7b0: 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f73 7973 6c69 6e75 .extract_syslinu\n-0003f7c0: 785f 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f 7572 6365 x_entries_source\n-0003f7d0: e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 ... - Execute sy\n-0003f7e0: 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e slinux config in\n-0003f7f0: 2073 616d 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 same. conte\n-0003f800: 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d xt taking only m\n-0003f810: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 20e2 enu entries. .\n-0003f820: 80a2 20e2 8098 6661 6b65 6269 6f73 e280 .. ...fakebios..\n-0003f830: 9920 2d20 4372 6561 7465 2042 494f 532d . - Create BIOS-\n-0003f840: 6c69 6b65 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 like structures \n-0003f850: 666f 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 2063 6f6d for backward com\n-0003f860: 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 0a20 2020 2020 patibility. \n-0003f870: 7769 7468 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 4f53 with existing OS\n-0003f880: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6669 6c65 .. ... ...file\n-0003f890: e280 9920 2d20 4368 6563 6b20 6966 2046 ... - Check if F\n-0003f8a0: 494c 4520 6973 206f 6620 7370 6563 6966 ILE is of specif\n-0003f8b0: 6965 6420 7479 7065 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ied type.. ...\n-0003f8c0: 20e2 8098 6669 785f 7669 6465 6fe2 8099 ...fix_video...\n-0003f8d0: 202d 2046 6978 2076 6964 656f 2070 726f - Fix video pro\n-0003f8e0: 626c 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 blem.. ... ...\n-0003f8f0: 6670 7377 61e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c fpswa... - Displ\n-0003f900: 6179 2046 5053 5741 2076 6572 7369 6f6e ay FPSWA version\n-0003f910: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6675 6e63 .. ... ...func\n-0003f920: 7469 6f6e 616c 5f74 6573 74e2 8099 202d tional_test... -\n-0003f930: 2052 756e 2061 6c6c 206c 6f61 6465 6420 Run all loaded \n-0003f940: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6573 7473 functional tests\n-0003f950: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 .. ... ...gdbs\n-0003f960: 7475 625f 6272 6561 6be2 8099 202d 2042 tub_break... - B\n-0003f970: 7265 616b 2069 6e74 6f20 4744 420a 2020 reak into GDB. \n-0003f980: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 62e2 ... ...gdbstub.\n-0003f990: 8099 202d 2053 7461 7274 2047 4442 2073 .. - Start GDB s\n-0003f9a0: 7475 6220 6f6e 2067 6976 656e 2070 6f72 tub on given por\n-0003f9b0: 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 t. ... ...gdbs\n-0003f9c0: 7475 625f 7374 6f70 e280 9920 2d20 5374 tub_stop... - St\n-0003f9d0: 6f70 2047 4442 2073 7475 620a 2020 20e2 op GDB stub. .\n-0003f9e0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6864 7061 726d e280 9920 .. ...hdparm... \n-0003f9f0: 2d20 4765 742f 7365 7420 4154 4120 6469 - Get/set ATA di\n-0003fa00: 736b 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 732e 0a20 sk parameters.. \n-0003fa10: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9868 6578 6475 6d70 ... ...hexdump\n-0003fa20: 5f72 616e 646f 6de2 8099 202d 2048 6578 _random... - Hex\n-0003fa30: 6475 6d70 2072 616e 646f 6d20 6461 7461 dump random data\n-0003fa40: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 696e 62e2 .. ... ...inb.\n-0003fa50: 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 382d 6269 7420 .. - Read 8-bit \n-0003fa60: 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e value from PORT.\n-0003fa70: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 6e6c e280 . ... ...inl..\n-0003fa80: 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2033 322d 6269 7420 . - Read 32-bit \n-0003fa90: 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e value from PORT.\n-0003faa0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 6e77 e280 . ... ...inw..\n-0003fab0: 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2031 362d 6269 7420 . - Read 16-bit \n-0003fac0: 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e value from PORT.\n-0003fad0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986a 7065 6774 . ... ...jpegt\n-0003fae0: 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 206c est... - Tests l\n-0003faf0: 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 4a50 4547 2062 oading of JPEG b\n-0003fb00: 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 itmap.. ... ..\n-0003fb10: 986b 6579 6d61 70e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 .keymap... - Loa\n-0003fb20: 6420 6120 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 206c 6179 d a keyboard lay\n-0003fb30: 6f75 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c out.. ... ...l\n-0003fb40: 6567 6163 795f 6368 6563 6b5f 7061 7373 egacy_check_pass\n-0003fb50: 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 word... - Simula\n-0003fb60: 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 te grub-legacy '\n-0003fb70: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 616e password' comman\n-0003fb80: 640a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6d65 6e75 2065 d. in menu e\n-0003fb90: 6e74 7279 206d 6f64 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 ntry mode. ...\n-0003fba0: 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 ...legacy_confi\n-0003fbb0: 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 gfile... - Parse\n-0003fbc0: 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 legacy config i\n-0003fbd0: 6e20 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 n new context. \n-0003fbe0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f70 ... ...legacy_p\n-0003fbf0: 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2053 696d assword... - Sim\n-0003fc00: 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 ulate grub-legac\n-0003fc10: 7920 2770 6173 7377 6f72 6427 2063 6f6d y 'password' com\n-0003fc20: 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c mand. ... ...l\n-0003fc30: 6567 6163 795f 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 egacy_source... \n-0003fc40: 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 6761 6379 2063 - Parse legacy c\n-0003fc50: 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d 6520 636f onfig in same co\n-0003fc60: 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ntext. ... ...\n-0003fc70: 6c6f 6164 6269 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f loadbios... - Lo\n-0003fc80: 6164 2042 494f 5320 6475 6d70 2e0a 2020 ad BIOS dump.. \n-0003fc90: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6163 7069 e280 ... ...lsacpi..\n-0003fca0: 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 4350 4920 696e . - Show ACPI in\n-0003fcb0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 formation.. ..\n-0003fcc0: a220 e280 986c 7361 706d e280 9920 2d20 . ...lsapm... - \n-0003fcd0: 5368 6f77 2041 504d 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 Show APM informa\n-0003fce0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tion.. ... ...\n-0003fcf0: 6c73 636f 7265 626f 6f74 e280 9920 2d20 lscoreboot... - \n-0003fd00: 4c69 7374 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 7461 List coreboot ta\n-0003fd10: 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 bles.. ... ...\n-0003fd20: 6c73 6465 76e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 lsdev... - List \n-0003fd30: 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 devices.. ... \n-0003fd40: e280 986c 7365 6669 e280 9920 2d20 4469 ...lsefi... - Di\n-0003fd50: 7370 6c61 7920 4546 4920 6861 6e64 6c65 splay EFI handle\n-0003fd60: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7365 s.. ... ...lse\n-0003fd70: 6669 6d6d 6170 e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 fimmap... - Disp\n-0003fd80: 6c61 7920 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d lay EFI memory m\n-0003fd90: 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 ap.. ... ...ls\n-0003fda0: 6566 6973 7973 7461 62e2 8099 202d 2044 efisystab... - D\n-0003fdb0: 6973 706c 6179 2045 4649 2073 7973 7465 isplay EFI syste\n-0003fdc0: 6d20 7461 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 m tables.. ...\n-0003fdd0: 20e2 8098 6c73 6d6d 6170 e280 9920 2d20 ...lsmmap... - \n-0003fde0: 4c69 7374 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 List memory map \n-0003fdf0: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 6669 726d provided by firm\n-0003fe00: 7761 7265 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ware.. ... ...\n-0003fe10: 6c73 7063 69e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 lspci... - List \n-0003fe20: 5043 4920 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a20 2020 PCI devices.. \n-0003fe30: e280 a220 e280 986c 7373 616c e280 9920 ... ...lssal... \n-0003fe40: 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 5341 4c20 7379 - Display SAL sy\n-0003fe50: 7374 656d 2074 6162 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 stem table.. .\n-0003fe60: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 7370 64e2 8099 202d .. ...lsspd... -\n-0003fe70: 2050 7269 6e74 204d 656d 6f72 7920 696e Print Memory in\n-0003fe80: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 formation.. ..\n-0003fe90: a220 e280 986d 6163 7070 6362 6c65 7373 . ...macppcbless\n-0003fea0: e280 9920 2d20 426c 6573 7320 4449 5220 ... - Bless DIR \n-0003feb0: 6f66 2048 4653 206f 7220 4846 532b 2070 of HFS or HFS+ p\n-0003fec0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2050 5043 artition for PPC\n-0003fed0: 206d 6163 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 macs.. ... ..\n-0003fee0: 986d 6163 7465 6c62 6c65 7373 e280 9920 .mactelbless... \n-0003fef0: 2d20 426c 6573 7320 4649 4c45 206f 6620 - Bless FILE of \n-0003ff00: 4846 5320 6f72 2048 4653 2b20 7061 7274 HFS or HFS+ part\n-0003ff10: 6974 696f 6e20 666f 7220 696e 7465 6c20 ition for intel \n-0003ff20: 6d61 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 macs.. ... ...\n-0003ff30: 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e e280 9920 net_set_vlan... \n-0003ff40: 2d20 5365 7420 616e 2069 6e74 6572 6661 - Set an interfa\n-0003ff50: 6365 2773 2076 6c61 6e20 6964 2e0a 2020 ce's vlan id.. \n-0003ff60: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6f75 7462 e280 9920 ... ...outb... \n-0003ff70: 2d20 5772 6974 6520 382d 6269 7420 5641 - Write 8-bit VA\n-0003ff80: 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 LUE to PORT.. \n-0003ff90: e280 a220 e280 986f 7574 6ce2 8099 202d ... ...outl... -\n-0003ffa0: 2057 7269 7465 2033 322d 6269 7420 5641 Write 32-bit VA\n-0003ffb0: 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 LUE to PORT.. \n-0003ffc0: e280 a220 e280 986f 7574 77e2 8099 202d ... ...outw... -\n-0003ffd0: 2057 7269 7465 2031 362d 6269 7420 5641 Write 16-bit VA\n-0003ffe0: 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 LUE to PORT.. \n-0003fff0: e280 a220 e280 9870 6369 6475 6d70 e280 ... ...pcidump..\n-00040000: 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2072 6177 2064 756d . - Show raw dum\n-00040010: 7020 6f66 2074 6865 2050 4349 2063 6f6e p of the PCI con\n-00040020: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 7061 6365 figuration space\n-00040030: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 706e 6774 .. ... ...pngt\n-00040040: 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 206c est... - Tests l\n-00040050: 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 504e 4720 6269 oading of PNG bi\n-00040060: 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 tmap.. ... ...\n-00040070: 7265 6164 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 202d 2052 read_byte... - R\n-00040080: 6561 6420 382d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 ead 8-bit value \n-00040090: 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 from ADDR.. ..\n-000400a0: a220 e280 9872 6561 645f 6477 6f72 64e2 . ...read_dword.\n-000400b0: 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 3332 2d62 6974 .. - Read 32-bit\n-000400c0: 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 4144 4452 value from ADDR\n-000400d0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7265 6164 .. ... ...read\n-000400e0: 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 _word... - Read \n-000400f0: 3136 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 16-bit value fro\n-00040100: 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 m ADDR.. ... .\n-00040110: 8098 7365 7470 6369 e280 9920 2d20 4d61 ..setpci... - Ma\n-00040120: 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 2050 4349 2064 6576 nipulate PCI dev\n-00040130: 6963 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ices.. ... ...\n-00040140: 7375 7370 656e 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6574 suspend... - Ret\n-00040150: 7572 6e20 746f 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 urn to IEEE1275 \n-00040160: 7072 6f6d 7074 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 prompt.. ... .\n-00040170: 8098 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f63 6f6e 6669 ..syslinux_confi\n-00040180: 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2045 7865 6375 gfile... - Execu\n-00040190: 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 te syslinux conf\n-000401a0: 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 ig in new contex\n-000401b0: 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7379 736c t. ... ...sysl\n-000401c0: 696e 7578 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d inux_source... -\n-000401d0: 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 Execute syslinu\n-000401e0: 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 x config in same\n-000401f0: 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 context. ... \n-00040200: e280 9874 6573 745f 626c 6f63 6b61 7267 ...test_blockarg\n-00040210: e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 616e 6420 ... - Print and \n-00040220: 6578 6563 7574 6520 626c 6f63 6b20 6172 execute block ar\n-00040230: 6775 6d65 6e74 2e2c 2030 0a20 2020 e280 gument., 0. ..\n-00040240: a220 e280 9874 6573 746c 6f61 64e2 8099 . ...testload...\n-00040250: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 7361 6d65 - Load the same\n-00040260: 2066 696c 6520 696e 206d 756c 7469 706c file in multipl\n-00040270: 6520 7761 7973 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 e ways.. ... .\n-00040280: 8098 7465 7374 7370 6565 64e2 8099 202d ..testspeed... -\n-00040290: 2054 6573 7420 6669 6c65 2072 6561 6420 Test file read \n-000402a0: 7370 6565 642e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 speed.. ... ..\n-000402b0: 9874 6761 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 .tgatest... - Te\n-000402c0: 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 2054 sts loading of T\n-000402d0: 4741 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 e280 GA bitmap.. ..\n-000402e0: a220 e280 9874 696d 65e2 8099 202d 204d . ...time... - M\n-000402f0: 6561 7375 7265 2074 696d 6520 7573 6564 easure time used\n-00040300: 2062 7920 434f 4d4d 414e 440a 2020 20e2 by COMMAND. .\n-00040310: 80a2 20e2 8098 7472 e280 9920 2d20 5472 .. ...tr... - Tr\n-00040320: 616e 736c 6174 6520 5345 5431 2063 6861 anslate SET1 cha\n-00040330: 7261 6374 6572 7320 746f 2053 4554 3220 racters to SET2 \n-00040340: 696e 2053 5452 494e 472e 0a20 2020 e280 in STRING.. ..\n-00040350: a220 e280 9875 7362 e280 9920 2d20 5465 . ...usb... - Te\n-00040360: 7374 2055 5342 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e0a st USB support..\n-00040370: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7662 6569 6e66 ... ...vbeinf\n-00040380: 6fe2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 o... - List avai\n-00040390: 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 lable video mode\n-000403a0: 732e 2020 4966 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f s. If resolutio\n-000403b0: 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 0a20 2020 2020 n is given. \n-000403c0: 7368 6f77 206f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 6465 7320 show only modes \n-000403d0: 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2069 742e 0a20 2020 matching it.. \n-000403e0: e280 a220 e280 9876 6265 7465 7374 e280 ... ...vbetest..\n-000403f0: 9920 2d20 5465 7374 2076 6964 656f 2073 . - Test video s\n-00040400: 7562 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ubsystem.. ...\n-00040410: 20e2 8098 7669 6465 6f74 6573 74e2 8099 ...videotest...\n-00040420: 202d 2054 6573 7420 7669 6465 6f20 7375 - Test video su\n-00040430: 6273 7973 7465 6d20 696e 206d 6f64 6520 bsystem in mode \n-00040440: 5778 482e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9877 WxH.. ... ...w\n-00040450: 7269 7465 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 202d 2057 rite_byte... - W\n-00040460: 7269 7465 2038 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 rite 8-bit VALUE\n-00040470: 2074 6f20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 to ADDR.. ...\n-00040480: 20e2 8098 7772 6974 655f 6477 6f72 64e2 ...write_dword.\n-00040490: 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2033 322d 6269 .. - Write 32-bi\n-000404a0: 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2041 4444 522e t VALUE to ADDR.\n-000404b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9877 7269 7465 . ... ...write\n-000404c0: 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 _word... - Write\n-000404d0: 2031 362d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 16-bit VALUE to\n-000404e0: 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ADDR.. ... ..\n-000404f0: 9878 656e 5f63 6174 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 .xen_cat... - Li\n-00040500: 7374 2058 656e 2073 746f 7261 6765 2e0a st Xen storage..\n-00040510: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7865 6e5f 6c73 ... ...xen_ls\n-00040520: e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2058 656e 2073 ... - List Xen s\n-00040530: 746f 7261 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 torage.. ... .\n-00040540: 8098 786e 755f 6465 7670 726f 705f 6c6f ..xnu_devprop_lo\n-00040550: 6164 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2027 6465 ad... - Load 'de\n-00040560: 7669 6365 2d70 726f 7065 7274 6965 7327 vice-properties'\n-00040570: 2064 756d 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 dump.. ... ..\n-00040580: 9878 6e75 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 202d 2054 .xnu_uuid... - T\n-00040590: 7261 6e73 666f 726d 2036 342d 6269 7420 ransform 64-bit \n-000405a0: 5555 4944 2074 6f20 666f 726d 6174 2073 UUID to format s\n-000405b0: 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 584e 552e uitable for XNU.\n-000405c0: 2049 660a 2020 2020 202d 6c20 6973 2067 If. -l is g\n-000405d0: 6976 656e 206b 6565 7020 6974 206c 6f77 iven keep it low\n-000405e0: 6572 6361 7365 2061 7320 646f 6e65 2062 ercase as done b\n-000405f0: 7920 626c 6b69 642e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 y blkid.. ... \n-00040600: e280 987a 6673 2d62 6f6f 7466 73e2 8099 ...zfs-bootfs...\n-00040610: 202d 2050 7269 6e74 205a 4653 2d42 4f4f - Print ZFS-BOO\n-00040620: 5446 534f 424a 206f 7220 7374 6f72 6520 TFSOBJ or store \n-00040630: 6974 2069 6e74 6f20 5641 5249 4142 4c45 it into VARIABLE\n-00040640: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 987a 6673 696e . ... ...zfsin\n-00040650: 666f e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 5a46 fo... - Print ZF\n-00040660: 5320 696e 666f 2061 626f 7574 2044 4556 S info about DEV\n-00040670: 4943 452e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 987a ICE.. ... ...z\n-00040680: 6673 6b65 79e2 8099 202d 2049 6d70 6f72 fskey... - Impor\n-00040690: 7420 5a46 5320 7772 6170 7069 6e67 206b t ZFS wrapping k\n-000406a0: 6579 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 2046 494c ey stored in FIL\n-000406b0: 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 E.....File: grub\n-000406c0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .info, Node: In\n-000406d0: 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 ternationalisati\n-000406e0: 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 6563 7572 on, Next: Secur\n-000406f0: 6974 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d ity, Prev: Comm\n-00040700: 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a ands, Up: Top..\n-00040710: 3138 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 18 International\n-00040720: 6973 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a isation.********\n-00040730: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-00040740: 0a31 382e 3120 4368 6172 7365 740a 3d3d .18.1 Charset.==\n-00040750: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 ==========..GRUB\n-00040760: 2075 7365 7320 5554 462d 3820 696e 7465 uses UTF-8 inte\n-00040770: 726e 616c 6c79 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 rnally other tha\n-00040780: 6e20 696e 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2077 n in rendering w\n-00040790: 6865 7265 2073 6f6d 650a 4752 5542 2d73 here some.GRUB-s\n-000407a0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6170 7072 6f70 7269 pecific appropri\n-000407b0: 6174 6520 7265 7072 6573 656e 7461 7469 ate representati\n-000407c0: 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2e20 2041 6c6c on is used. 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A\n-000408b0: 4653 2061 6e64 2042 4653 2061 7265 0a72 FS and BFS are.r\n-000408c0: 6561 6420 6173 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 6167 ead as UTF-8, ag\n-000408d0: 6169 6e20 6163 636f 7264 696e 6720 746f ain according to\n-000408e0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 specification. \n-000408f0: 2042 7472 4653 2c20 6370 696f 2c20 7461 BtrFS, cpio, ta\n-00040900: 722c 0a73 7175 6173 6834 2c20 6d69 6e69 r,.squash4, mini\n-00040910: 782c 206d 696e 6978 322c 206d 696e 6978 x, minix2, minix\n-00040920: 332c 2052 4f4d 4653 2c20 5265 6973 6572 3, ROMFS, Reiser\n-00040930: 4653 2c20 5846 532c 2065 7874 322c 2065 FS, XFS, ext2, e\n-00040940: 7874 332c 2065 7874 342c 0a46 4154 2028 xt3, ext4,.FAT (\n-00040950: 7368 6f72 7420 6e61 6d65 7329 2c20 4632 short names), F2\n-00040960: 4653 2c20 526f 636b 5269 6467 6520 7061 FS, RockRidge pa\n-00040970: 7274 206f 6620 4953 4f39 3636 302c 206e rt of ISO9660, n\n-00040980: 696c 6673 322c 2055 4653 312c 2055 4653 ilfs2, UFS1, UFS\n-00040990: 320a 616e 6420 5a46 5320 6172 6520 6173 2.and ZFS are as\n-000409a0: 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 5554 462d sumed to be UTF-\n-000409b0: 382e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6967 6874 2062 8. 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And.it's\n-00040a60: 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 recommended to \n-00040a70: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 796f 7572 2073 configure your s\n-00040a80: 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2075 7365 2055 5446 ystem to use UTF\n-00040a90: 2d38 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6865 -8 to access the\n-00040aa0: 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2063 6f6e .filesystem, con\n-00040ab0: 766d 7620 6d61 7920 6865 6c70 2077 6974 vmv may help wit\n-00040ac0: 6820 6d69 6772 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4953 h migration. IS\n-00040ad0: 4f39 3636 3020 2870 6c61 696e 2920 6669 O9660 (plain) fi\n-00040ae0: 6c65 6e61 6d65 730a 6172 6520 7370 6563 lenames.are spec\n-00040af0: 6966 6965 6420 6173 2062 6569 6e67 2041 ified as being A\n-00040b00: 5343 4949 206f 7220 6265 696e 6720 6465 SCII or being de\n-00040b10: 7363 7269 6265 6420 7769 7468 2075 6e73 scribed with uns\n-00040b20: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2065 7363 6170 650a pecified escape.\n-00040b30: 7365 7175 656e 6365 732e 2020 4752 5542 sequences. 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Y\n-00040bd0: 6f75 2772 6520 7374 696c 6c20 6162 6c65 ou're still able\n-00040be0: 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 2066 696c 6573 to access files\n-00040bf0: 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 730a 636f 6e74 with names.cont\n-00040c00: 6169 6e69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 4153 4349 aining only ASCI\n-00040c10: 4920 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 206f 6e20 I characters on \n-00040c20: 7375 6368 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 such filesystems\n-00040c30: 2074 686f 7567 682e 2020 596f 7527 7265 though. You're\n-00040c40: 0a61 6c73 6f20 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6163 .also able to ac\n-00040c50: 6365 7373 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 6966 cess any file if\n-00040c60: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 the filesystem \n-00040c70: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2076 616c 6964 204a contains valid J\n-00040c80: 6f6c 6965 740a 2855 5446 2d31 3629 206f oliet.(UTF-16) o\n-00040c90: 7220 526f 636b 5269 6467 6520 2855 5446 r RockRidge (UTF\n-00040ca0: 2d38 292e 2020 4146 4653 2c20 5346 5320 -8). 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The fil\n-00040e00: 6573 7973 7465 6d73 2069 6e20 7175 6573 esystems in ques\n-00040e10: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 4e54 4653 2028 tions are NTFS (\n-00040e20: 6578 6365 7074 2050 4f53 4958 0a6e 616d except POSIX.nam\n-00040e30: 6573 7061 6365 292c 2048 4653 2b20 2863 espace), HFS+ (c\n-00040e40: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 6174 206d onfigurable at m\n-00040e50: 6b66 7320 7469 6d65 2c20 6465 6661 756c kfs time, defaul\n-00040e60: 7420 696e 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6529 2c20 t insensitive), \n-00040e70: 5346 530a 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c SFS.(configurabl\n-00040e80: 6520 6174 206d 6b66 7320 7469 6d65 2c20 e at mkfs time, \n-00040e90: 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e 7365 6e73 6974 default insensit\n-00040ea0: 6976 6529 2c20 4a46 5320 2863 6f6e 6669 ive), JFS (confi\n-00040eb0: 6775 7261 626c 6520 6174 0a6d 6b66 7320 gurable at.mkfs \n-00040ec0: 7469 6d65 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 7365 time, default se\n-00040ed0: 6e73 6974 6976 6529 2c20 4846 532c 2041 nsitive), HFS, A\n-00040ee0: 4646 532c 2046 4154 2c20 6578 4641 5420 FFS, FAT, exFAT \n-00040ef0: 616e 6420 5a46 530a 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 and ZFS.(configu\n-00040f00: 7261 626c 6520 6f6e 2070 6572 2d73 7562 rable on per-sub\n-00040f10: 766f 6c75 6d65 2062 6173 6973 2062 7920 volume basis by \n-00040f20: 7072 6f70 6572 7479 2022 6361 7365 7365 property \"casese\n-00040f30: 6e73 6974 6976 6974 7922 2c0a 6465 6661 nsitivity\",.defa\n-00040f40: 756c 7420 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6529 2e20 ult sensitive). \n-00040f50: 204f 6e20 5a46 5320 7375 6276 6f6c 756d On ZFS subvolum\n-00040f60: 6573 206d 6172 6b65 6420 6173 2063 6173 es marked as cas\n-00040f70: 6520 696e 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6520 6669 e insensitive fi\n-00040f80: 6c65 730a 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 206c les.containing l\n-00040f90: 6f77 6572 6361 7365 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 owercase interna\n-00040fa0: 7469 6f6e 616c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 tional character\n-00040fb0: 7320 6172 6520 696e 6163 6365 7373 6962 s are inaccessib\n-00040fc0: 6c65 2e20 2041 6c73 6f0a 6c69 6b65 2061 le. 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BIOS fir\n-00041210: 6d77 6172 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 616e mware console an\n-00041220: 6420 5647 4120 7465 7874 2061 7265 206c d VGA text are l\n-00041230: 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 4153 4349 4920 imited to ASCII \n-00041240: 616e 6420 736f 6d65 0a70 7365 7564 6f67 and some.pseudog\n-00041250: 7261 7068 6963 732e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f6e raphics... 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EFI console \n-00041330: 6f6e 2074 6865 206f 7468 6572 2068 616e on the other han\n-00041340: 6420 6e6f 6d69 6e61 6c6c 7920 7375 7070 d nominally supp\n-00041350: 6f72 7473 2055 5446 2d31 3620 6275 7420 orts UTF-16 but \n-00041360: 6163 7475 616c 0a6c 616e 6775 6167 6520 actual.language \n-00041370: 636f 7665 7261 6765 2064 6570 656e 6473 coverage depends\n-00041380: 206f 6e20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2061 6e64 on firmware and\n-00041390: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7665 7279 206c 696d may be very lim\n-000413a0: 6974 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 656e ited... The en\n-000413b0: 636f 6469 6e67 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2073 coding used on s\n-000413c0: 6572 6961 6c20 6361 6e20 6265 2063 686f erial can be cho\n-000413d0: 7365 6e20 7769 7468 20e2 8098 7465 726d sen with ...term\n-000413e0: 696e 666f e280 9920 6173 2065 6974 6865 info... as eithe\n-000413f0: 720a 4153 4349 492c 2055 5446 2d38 206f r.ASCII, UTF-8 o\n-00041400: 7220 2276 6973 7561 6c20 5554 462d 3822 r \"visual UTF-8\"\n-00041410: 2e20 204c 6173 7420 6f6e 6520 6973 2061 . Last one is a\n-00041420: 6761 696e 7374 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 gainst the speci\n-00041430: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 0a62 7574 2072 6573 fication.but res\n-00041440: 756c 7473 2069 6e20 636f 7272 6563 7420 ults in correct \n-00041450: 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 6f66 2072 6967 rendering of rig\n-00041460: 6874 2d74 6f2d 6c65 6674 206f 6e20 736f ht-to-left on so\n-00041470: 6d65 2072 6561 6465 7273 2077 6869 6368 me readers which\n-00041480: 0a64 6f6e 2774 2068 6176 6520 6f77 6e20 .don't have own \n-00041490: 6269 6469 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 bidi implementat\n-000414a0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 656d 7520 ion... 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EFI \n-00041920: 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616c specification al\n-00041930: 6c6f 7773 2066 6f72 2073 7563 6820 6275 lows for such bu\n-00041940: 7420 6175 7468 6f72 2069 730a 756e 6177 t author is.unaw\n-00041950: 6172 6520 6f66 2061 6e79 2061 6374 7561 are of any actua\n-00041960: 6c20 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e l implementation\n-00041970: 732e 2020 5365 7269 616c 2069 6e70 7574 s. Serial input\n-00041980: 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a 6c69 is currently.li\n-00041990: 6d69 7465 6420 666f 7220 6c61 7469 6e31 mited for latin1\n-000419a0: 2028 756e 6c69 6b65 6c79 2074 6f20 6368 (unlikely to ch\n-000419b0: 616e 6765 292e 2020 4f77 6e20 6b65 7962 ange). Own keyb\n-000419c0: 6f61 7264 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 oard implementat\n-000419d0: 696f 6e73 0a28 6174 5f6b 6579 626f 6172 ions.(at_keyboar\n-000419e0: 6420 616e 6420 7573 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 d and usb_keyboa\n-000419f0: 7264 2920 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2061 6e79 rd) supports any\n-00041a00: 206b 6579 2062 7574 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e key but work on\n-00041a10: 0a6f 6e65 2d63 6861 722d 7065 722d 6b65 .one-char-per-ke\n-00041a20: 7973 7472 6f6b 652e 2020 536f 206e 6f20 ystroke. So no \n-00041a30: 6465 6164 206b 6579 7320 6f72 2061 6476 dead keys or adv\n-00041a40: 616e 6365 6420 696e 7075 7420 6d65 7468 anced input meth\n-00041a50: 6f64 2e20 2041 6c73 6f0a 7468 6572 6520 od. Also.there \n-00041a60: 6973 206e 6f20 6b65 796d 6170 2063 6861 is no keymap cha\n-00041a70: 6e67 6520 686f 746b 6579 2e20 2049 6e20 nge hotkey. In \n-00041a80: 7072 6163 7469 6365 2069 7420 6d61 6b65 practice it make\n-00041a90: 7320 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 746f 0a65 s difficult to.e\n-00041aa0: 6e74 6572 2061 6e79 2074 6578 7420 7573 nter any text us\n-00041ab0: 696e 6720 6e6f 6e2d 4c61 7469 6e20 616c ing non-Latin al\n-00041ac0: 7068 6162 6574 2e20 204d 6f72 656f 7665 phabet. 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Si\n-00041e10: 6e63 6520 4945 4545 3132 3735 2061 6c69 nce IEEE1275 ali\n-00041e20: 6173 6573 2061 6e64 0a4f 5342 756e 646c ases and.OSBundl\n-00041e30: 6552 6571 7569 7265 6420 646f 6e27 7420 eRequired don't \n-00041e40: 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 616e 7920 6e6f 6e2d contain any non-\n-00041e50: 4153 4349 4920 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 ASCII it should \n-00041e60: 6e65 7665 7220 6265 2061 0a70 726f 626c never be a.probl\n-00041e70: 656d 2069 6e20 7072 6163 7469 6365 2e20 em in practice. \n-00041e80: 2043 6173 652d 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6520 Case-sensitive \n-00041e90: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 6172 6520 identifiers are \n-00041ea0: 6d61 7463 6865 6420 6173 2072 6177 0a73 matched as raw.s\n-00041eb0: 7472 696e 6773 2c20 6e6f 2063 616e 6f6e trings, no canon\n-00041ec0: 6963 616c 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 6365 ical equivalence\n-00041ed0: 2063 6865 636b 2069 7320 7065 7266 6f72 check is perfor\n-00041ee0: 6d65 642e 2020 4361 7365 2d69 6e73 656e med. Case-insen\n-00041ef0: 7374 6976 650a 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 stive.identifier\n-00041f00: 7320 6172 6520 6d61 7463 6865 6420 6173 s are matched as\n-00041f10: 2052 4157 2062 7574 2061 6464 6974 696f RAW but additio\n-00041f20: 6e61 6c6c 7920 5b61 2d7a 5d20 6973 2065 nally [a-z] is e\n-00041f30: 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f 0a5b 412d quivalent to.[A-\n-00041f40: 5a5d 2e20 2047 5255 422d 6465 6669 6e65 Z]. GRUB-define\n-00041f50: 6420 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 7573 d identifiers us\n-00041f60: 6520 6f6e 6c79 2041 5343 4949 2061 6e64 e only ASCII and\n-00041f70: 2073 6f20 7368 6f75 6c64 0a75 7365 722d so should.user-\n-00041f80: 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6f6e 6573 2e20 2049 defined ones. I\n-00041f90: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2063 6f6e 7461 dentifiers conta\n-00041fa0: 696e 696e 6720 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 ining non-ASCII \n-00041fb0: 6d61 7920 776f 726b 2062 7574 2061 7265 may work but are\n-00041fc0: 6e27 740a 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 2020 n't.supported. \n-00041fd0: 4f6e 6c79 2074 6865 2041 5343 4949 2073 Only the ASCII s\n-00041fe0: 7061 6365 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 pace characters \n-00041ff0: 2873 7061 6365 2055 2b30 3032 302c 2074 (space U+0020, t\n-00042000: 6162 2055 2b30 3030 622c 0a43 5220 552b ab U+000b,.CR U+\n-00042010: 3030 3064 2061 6e64 204c 4620 552b 3030 000d and LF U+00\n-00042020: 3061 2920 6172 6520 7265 636f 676e 6973 0a) are recognis\n-00042030: 6564 2e20 204f 7468 6572 2075 6e69 636f ed. Other unico\n-00042040: 6465 2073 7061 6365 2063 6861 7261 6374 de space charact\n-00042050: 6572 730a 6172 656e 2774 2061 2076 616c ers.aren't a val\n-00042060: 6964 2066 6965 6c64 2073 6570 6172 6174 id field separat\n-00042070: 6f72 2e20 20e2 8098 7465 7374 e280 9920 or. ...test... \n-00042080: 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6573 743a 3a29 2074 (*note test::) t\n-00042090: 6573 7473 203c 2c20 3e2c 203c 3d2c 0a3e ests <, >, <=,.>\n-000420a0: 3d2c 202d 7067 7420 616e 6420 2d70 6c74 =, -pgt and -plt\n-000420b0: 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 6865 2073 7472 compare the str\n-000420c0: 696e 6773 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6c65 7869 ings in the lexi\n-000420d0: 636f 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6f72 6465 cographical orde\n-000420e0: 7220 6f66 0a75 6e69 636f 6465 2063 6f64 r of.unicode cod\n-000420f0: 6570 6f69 6e74 732c 2072 6570 6c69 6361 epoints, replica\n-00042100: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6568 6176 696f ting the behavio\n-00042110: 7572 206f 6620 7465 7374 2066 726f 6d20 ur of test from \n-00042120: 636f 7265 7574 696c 732e 0a65 6e76 6972 coreutils..envir\n-00042130: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00042140: 2061 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 and commands ar\n-00042150: 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e listed in the \n-00042160: 7361 6d65 206f 7264 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 same order.....F\n-00042170: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00042180: 204e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c Node: Security,\n-00042190: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d Next: Platform\n-000421a0: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2050 limitations, P\n-000421b0: 7265 763a 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e rev: Internation\n-000421c0: 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 alisation, Up: \n-000421d0: 546f 700a 0a31 3920 5365 6375 7269 7479 Top..19 Security\n-000421e0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 .***********..* \n-000421f0: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 Menu:..* Authent\n-00042200: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 ication and auth\n-00042210: 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 5573 6572 orisation:: User\n-00042220: 7320 616e 6420 6163 6365 7373 2063 6f6e s and access con\n-00042230: 7472 6f6c 0a2a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 trol.* Using dig\n-00042240: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a ital signatures:\n-00042250: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 426f 6f74 696e : Bootin\n-00042260: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e g digitally sign\n-00042270: 6564 2063 6f64 650a 2a20 5545 4649 2073 ed code.* UEFI s\n-00042280: 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 ecure boot and s\n-00042290: 6869 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f him:: Boo\n-000422a0: 7469 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 6c79 2073 ting digitally s\n-000422b0: 6967 6e65 6420 5045 2066 696c 6573 0a2a igned PE files.*\n-000422c0: 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 Secure Boot Adv\n-000422d0: 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 673a anced Targeting:\n-000422e0: 3a20 2020 456d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e66 : Embedded inf\n-000422f0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2067 656e ormation for gen\n-00042300: 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2062 eration number b\n-00042310: 6173 6564 2072 6576 6f63 6174 696f 6e0a ased revocation.\n-00042320: 2a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 743a * Measured Boot:\n-00042330: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-00042340: 2020 2020 204d 6561 7375 7269 6e67 2062 Measuring b\n-00042350: 6f6f 7420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a2a oot components.*\n-00042360: 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 Lockdown:: \n+0003f100: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a55 6e66 ===========..Unf\n+0003f110: 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 7420 ortunately, not \n+0003f120: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 all GRUB command\n+0003f130: 7320 6172 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 s are documented\n+0003f140: 2061 7420 7468 6973 2074 696d 6520 6475 at this time du\n+0003f150: 6520 746f 0a64 6576 656c 6f70 6572 2072 e to.developer r\n+0003f160: 6573 6f75 7263 6520 636f 6e73 7472 6169 esource constrai\n+0003f170: 6e74 732e 2020 4f6e 6520 7761 7920 746f nts. One way to\n+0003f180: 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 6520 6261 636b contribute back\n+0003f190: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4752 5542 0a70 726f to the GRUB.pro\n+0003f1a0: 6a65 6374 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 746f ject would be to\n+0003f1b0: 2068 656c 7020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 help document t\n+0003f1c0: 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2061 hese commands, a\n+0003f1d0: 6e64 2073 7562 6d69 7420 7061 7463 6865 nd submit patche\n+0003f1e0: 7320 6f72 0a69 6465 6173 2074 6f20 7468 s or.ideas to th\n+0003f1f0: 6520 6d61 696c 696e 6720 6c69 7374 2e20 e mailing list. \n+0003f200: 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 The following i\n+0003f210: 7320 6120 286d 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 6c79 s a (most likely\n+0003f220: 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 6529 0a6c 6973 incomplete).lis\n+0003f230: 7420 6f66 2075 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 t of undocumente\n+0003f240: 6420 6f72 2070 6f6f 726c 7920 646f 6375 d or poorly docu\n+0003f250: 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 mented commands \n+0003f260: 616e 6420 6e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 and not all of t\n+0003f270: 6865 6d0a 6172 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 hem.are allowed \n+0003f280: 666f 7220 616c 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d for all platform\n+0003f290: 732e 2020 5275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 s. Running the \n+0003f2a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6865 6c70 2066 726f command help fro\n+0003f2b0: 6d20 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 0a47 5255 m within the.GRU\n+0003f2c0: 4220 7368 656c 6c20 6d61 7920 7072 6f76 B shell may prov\n+0003f2d0: 6964 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 ide more informa\n+0003f2e0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 tion on paramete\n+0003f2f0: 7273 2061 6e64 2075 7361 6765 2e0a 0a20 rs and usage... \n+0003f300: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9861 6c6c 5f66 756e ... ...all_fun\n+0003f310: 6374 696f 6e61 6c5f 7465 7374 e280 9920 ctional_test... \n+0003f320: 2d20 5275 6e20 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 - Run all functi\n+0003f330: 6f6e 616c 2074 6573 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 onal tests.. .\n+0003f340: 80a2 20e2 8098 6261 636b 7472 6163 65e2 .. ...backtrace.\n+0003f350: 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 2062 6163 6b74 .. - Print backt\n+0003f360: 7261 6365 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 race.. ... ...\n+0003f370: 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 5368 boottime... - Sh\n+0003f380: 6f77 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2073 7461 ow boot time sta\n+0003f390: 7469 7374 6963 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 tistics.. ... \n+0003f3a0: e280 9863 6163 6865 696e 666f e280 9920 ...cacheinfo... \n+0003f3b0: 2d20 4765 7420 6469 736b 2063 6163 6865 - Get disk cache\n+0003f3c0: 2069 6e66 6f2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 info.. ... ..\n+0003f3d0: 9863 626d 656d 63e2 8099 202d 2053 686f .cbmemc... - Sho\n+0003f3e0: 7720 4342 4d45 4d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 w CBMEM console \n+0003f3f0: 636f 6e74 656e 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 content.. ... \n+0003f400: e280 9863 6d6f 7373 6574 e280 9920 2d20 ...cmosset... - \n+0003f410: 5365 7420 6269 7420 6174 2042 5954 453a Set bit at BYTE:\n+0003f420: 4249 5420 696e 2043 4d4f 532e 0a20 2020 BIT in CMOS.. \n+0003f430: e280 a220 e280 9863 6f72 6562 6f6f 745f ... ...coreboot_\n+0003f440: 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 5368 boottime... - Sh\n+0003f450: 6f77 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 626f 6f74 ow coreboot boot\n+0003f460: 2074 696d 6520 7374 6174 6973 7469 6373 time statistics\n+0003f470: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6475 6d70 .. ... ...dump\n+0003f480: e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 206d 656d 6f72 ... - Show memor\n+0003f490: 7920 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 y contents.. .\n+0003f4a0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6566 6965 6d75 5f6c 6f61 .. ...efiemu_loa\n+0003f4b0: 6463 6f72 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 dcore... - Load \n+0003f4c0: 616e 6420 696e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 2045 and initialize E\n+0003f4d0: 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 FI emulator.. \n+0003f4e0: e280 a220 e280 9865 6669 656d 755f 7072 ... ...efiemu_pr\n+0003f4f0: 6570 6172 65e2 8099 202d 2046 696e 616c epare... - Final\n+0003f500: 697a 6520 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 2045 ize loading of E\n+0003f510: 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 FI emulator.. \n+0003f520: e280 a220 e280 9865 6669 656d 755f 756e ... ...efiemu_un\n+0003f530: 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 556e 6c6f 6164 load... - Unload\n+0003f540: 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 EFI emulator.. \n+0003f550: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7869 74e2 8099 ... ...exit...\n+0003f560: 202d 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 - Exit from GRU\n+0003f570: 422e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 B.. ... ...ext\n+0003f580: 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e ract_entries_con\n+0003f590: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 figfile... - Loa\n+0003f5a0: 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e66 6967 d another config\n+0003f5b0: 2066 696c 6520 6275 7420 7461 6b65 0a20 file but take. \n+0003f5c0: 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e only menu en\n+0003f5d0: 7472 6965 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 tries.. ... ..\n+0003f5e0: 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 .extract_entries\n+0003f5f0: 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 _source... - Loa\n+0003f600: 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e66 6967 d another config\n+0003f610: 2066 696c 6520 7769 7468 6f75 740a 2020 file without. \n+0003f620: 2020 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 636f 6e74 changing cont\n+0003f630: 6578 7420 6275 7420 7461 6b65 206f 6e6c ext but take onl\n+0003f640: 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a y menu entries..\n+0003f650: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 ... ...extrac\n+0003f660: 745f 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 t_legacy_entries\n+0003f670: 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d _configfile... -\n+0003f680: 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f Parse legacy co\n+0003f690: 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 770a 2020 2020 nfig in new. \n+0003f6a0: 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 context taking \n+0003f6b0: 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 only menu entrie\n+0003f6c0: 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 s. ... ...extr\n+0003f6d0: 6163 745f 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 7269 act_legacy_entri\n+0003f6e0: 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2050 es_source... - P\n+0003f6f0: 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 arse legacy conf\n+0003f700: 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 ig in same. \n+0003f710: 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f context taking o\n+0003f720: 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 nly menu entries\n+0003f730: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 . ... ...extra\n+0003f740: 6374 5f73 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 656e 7472 ct_syslinux_entr\n+0003f750: 6965 735f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 ies_configfile..\n+0003f760: 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c . - Execute sysl\n+0003f770: 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 0a20 inux config in. \n+0003f780: 2020 2020 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 7420 new context \n+0003f790: 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 taking only menu\n+0003f7a0: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 entries. ... \n+0003f7b0: e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f73 7973 6c69 ...extract_sysli\n+0003f7c0: 6e75 785f 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f 7572 nux_entries_sour\n+0003f7d0: 6365 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 ce... - Execute \n+0003f7e0: 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 syslinux config \n+0003f7f0: 696e 2073 616d 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e in same. con\n+0003f800: 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 text taking only\n+0003f810: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 menu entries. \n+0003f820: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6661 6b65 6269 6f73 ... ...fakebios\n+0003f830: e280 9920 2d20 4372 6561 7465 2042 494f ... - Create BIO\n+0003f840: 532d 6c69 6b65 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 S-like structure\n+0003f850: 7320 666f 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 2063 s for backward c\n+0003f860: 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 0a20 2020 ompatibility. \n+0003f870: 2020 7769 7468 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 with existing \n+0003f880: 4f53 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6669 OS.. ... ...fi\n+0003f890: 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4368 6563 6b20 6966 le... - Check if\n+0003f8a0: 2046 494c 4520 6973 206f 6620 7370 6563 FILE is of spec\n+0003f8b0: 6966 6965 6420 7479 7065 2e0a 2020 20e2 ified type.. .\n+0003f8c0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6669 785f 7669 6465 6fe2 .. ...fix_video.\n+0003f8d0: 8099 202d 2046 6978 2076 6964 656f 2070 .. - Fix video p\n+0003f8e0: 726f 626c 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 roblem.. ... .\n+0003f8f0: 8098 6670 7377 61e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 ..fpswa... - Dis\n+0003f900: 706c 6179 2046 5053 5741 2076 6572 7369 play FPSWA versi\n+0003f910: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6675 on.. ... ...fu\n+0003f920: 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 5f74 6573 74e2 8099 nctional_test...\n+0003f930: 202d 2052 756e 2061 6c6c 206c 6f61 6465 - Run all loade\n+0003f940: 6420 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6573 d functional tes\n+0003f950: 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 ts.. ... ...gd\n+0003f960: 6273 7475 625f 6272 6561 6be2 8099 202d bstub_break... -\n+0003f970: 2042 7265 616b 2069 6e74 6f20 4744 420a Break into GDB.\n+0003f980: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 ... ...gdbstu\n+0003f990: 62e2 8099 202d 2053 7461 7274 2047 4442 b... - Start GDB\n+0003f9a0: 2073 7475 6220 6f6e 2067 6976 656e 2070 stub on given p\n+0003f9b0: 6f72 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 ort. ... ...gd\n+0003f9c0: 6273 7475 625f 7374 6f70 e280 9920 2d20 bstub_stop... - \n+0003f9d0: 5374 6f70 2047 4442 2073 7475 620a 2020 Stop GDB stub. \n+0003f9e0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6864 7061 726d e280 ... ...hdparm..\n+0003f9f0: 9920 2d20 4765 742f 7365 7420 4154 4120 . - Get/set ATA \n+0003fa00: 6469 736b 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 732e disk parameters.\n+0003fa10: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9868 6578 6475 . ... ...hexdu\n+0003fa20: 6d70 5f72 616e 646f 6de2 8099 202d 2048 mp_random... - H\n+0003fa30: 6578 6475 6d70 2072 616e 646f 6d20 6461 exdump random da\n+0003fa40: 7461 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 696e ta.. ... ...in\n+0003fa50: 62e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 382d 6269 b... - Read 8-bi\n+0003fa60: 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 t value from POR\n+0003fa70: 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 6e6c T.. ... ...inl\n+0003fa80: e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2033 322d 6269 ... - Read 32-bi\n+0003fa90: 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 t value from POR\n+0003faa0: 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 6e77 T.. ... ...inw\n+0003fab0: e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2031 362d 6269 ... - Read 16-bi\n+0003fac0: 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 t value from POR\n+0003fad0: 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986a 7065 T.. ... ...jpe\n+0003fae0: 6774 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 gtest... - Tests\n+0003faf0: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 4a50 4547 loading of JPEG\n+0003fb00: 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 bitmap.. ... \n+0003fb10: e280 986b 6579 6d61 70e2 8099 202d 204c ...keymap... - L\n+0003fb20: 6f61 6420 6120 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 206c oad a keyboard l\n+0003fb30: 6179 6f75 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ayout.. ... ..\n+0003fb40: 986c 6567 6163 795f 6368 6563 6b5f 7061 .legacy_check_pa\n+0003fb50: 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 ssword... - Simu\n+0003fb60: 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 late grub-legacy\n+0003fb70: 2027 7061 7373 776f 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 'password' comm\n+0003fb80: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6d65 6e75 and. in menu\n+0003fb90: 2065 6e74 7279 206d 6f64 650a 2020 20e2 entry mode. .\n+0003fba0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e .. ...legacy_con\n+0003fbb0: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 figfile... - Par\n+0003fbc0: 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 se legacy config\n+0003fbd0: 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 740a in new context.\n+0003fbe0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 ... ...legacy\n+0003fbf0: 5f70 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2053 _password... - S\n+0003fc00: 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 imulate grub-leg\n+0003fc10: 6163 7920 2770 6173 7377 6f72 6427 2063 acy 'password' c\n+0003fc20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ommand. ... ..\n+0003fc30: 986c 6567 6163 795f 736f 7572 6365 e280 .legacy_source..\n+0003fc40: 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 6761 6379 . - Parse legacy\n+0003fc50: 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d 6520 config in same \n+0003fc60: 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 context. ... .\n+0003fc70: 8098 6c6f 6164 6269 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 ..loadbios... - \n+0003fc80: 4c6f 6164 2042 494f 5320 6475 6d70 2e0a Load BIOS dump..\n+0003fc90: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6163 7069 ... ...lsacpi\n+0003fca0: e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 4350 4920 ... - Show ACPI \n+0003fcb0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 information.. \n+0003fcc0: e280 a220 e280 986c 7361 706d e280 9920 ... ...lsapm... \n+0003fcd0: 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 504d 2069 6e66 6f72 - Show APM infor\n+0003fce0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 mation.. ... .\n+0003fcf0: 8098 6c73 636f 7265 626f 6f74 e280 9920 ..lscoreboot... \n+0003fd00: 2d20 4c69 7374 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 - List coreboot \n+0003fd10: 7461 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 tables.. ... .\n+0003fd20: 8098 6c73 6465 76e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 ..lsdev... - Lis\n+0003fd30: 7420 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a20 2020 e280 t devices.. ..\n+0003fd40: a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 e280 9920 2d20 . ...lsefi... - \n+0003fd50: 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4546 4920 6861 6e64 Display EFI hand\n+0003fd60: 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c les.. ... ...l\n+0003fd70: 7365 6669 6d6d 6170 e280 9920 2d20 4469 sefimmap... - Di\n+0003fd80: 7370 6c61 7920 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 splay EFI memory\n+0003fd90: 206d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 map.. ... ...\n+0003fda0: 6c73 6566 6973 7973 7461 62e2 8099 202d lsefisystab... -\n+0003fdb0: 2044 6973 706c 6179 2045 4649 2073 7973 Display EFI sys\n+0003fdc0: 7465 6d20 7461 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 tem tables.. .\n+0003fdd0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6d6d 6170 e280 9920 .. ...lsmmap... \n+0003fde0: 2d20 4c69 7374 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 - List memory ma\n+0003fdf0: 7020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 6669 p provided by fi\n+0003fe00: 726d 7761 7265 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 rmware.. ... .\n+0003fe10: 8098 6c73 7063 69e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 ..lspci... - Lis\n+0003fe20: 7420 5043 4920 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a20 t PCI devices.. \n+0003fe30: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7373 616c e280 ... ...lssal..\n+0003fe40: 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 5341 4c20 . - Display SAL \n+0003fe50: 7379 7374 656d 2074 6162 6c65 2e0a 2020 system table.. \n+0003fe60: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 7370 64e2 8099 ... ...lsspd...\n+0003fe70: 202d 2050 7269 6e74 204d 656d 6f72 7920 - Print Memory \n+0003fe80: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 information.. \n+0003fe90: e280 a220 e280 986d 6163 7070 6362 6c65 ... ...macppcble\n+0003fea0: 7373 e280 9920 2d20 426c 6573 7320 4449 ss... - Bless DI\n+0003feb0: 5220 6f66 2048 4653 206f 7220 4846 532b R of HFS or HFS+\n+0003fec0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2050 partition for P\n+0003fed0: 5043 206d 6163 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 PC macs.. ... \n+0003fee0: e280 986d 6163 7465 6c62 6c65 7373 e280 ...mactelbless..\n+0003fef0: 9920 2d20 426c 6573 7320 4649 4c45 206f . - Bless FILE o\n+0003ff00: 6620 4846 5320 6f72 2048 4653 2b20 7061 f HFS or HFS+ pa\n+0003ff10: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 666f 7220 696e 7465 rtition for inte\n+0003ff20: 6c20 6d61 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 l macs.. ... .\n+0003ff30: 8098 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e e280 ..net_set_vlan..\n+0003ff40: 9920 2d20 5365 7420 616e 2069 6e74 6572 . - Set an inter\n+0003ff50: 6661 6365 2773 2076 6c61 6e20 6964 2e0a face's vlan id..\n+0003ff60: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6f75 7462 e280 ... ...outb..\n+0003ff70: 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 382d 6269 7420 . - Write 8-bit \n+0003ff80: 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 VALUE to PORT.. \n+0003ff90: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986f 7574 6ce2 8099 ... ...outl...\n+0003ffa0: 202d 2057 7269 7465 2033 322d 6269 7420 - Write 32-bit \n+0003ffb0: 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 VALUE to PORT.. \n+0003ffc0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986f 7574 77e2 8099 ... ...outw...\n+0003ffd0: 202d 2057 7269 7465 2031 362d 6269 7420 - Write 16-bit \n+0003ffe0: 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 VALUE to PORT.. \n+0003fff0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9870 6369 6475 6d70 ... ...pcidump\n+00040000: e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2072 6177 2064 ... - Show raw d\n+00040010: 756d 7020 6f66 2074 6865 2050 4349 2063 ump of the PCI c\n+00040020: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 7061 onfiguration spa\n+00040030: 6365 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 706e ce.. ... ...pn\n+00040040: 6774 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 gtest... - Tests\n+00040050: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 504e 4720 loading of PNG \n+00040060: 6269 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 bitmap.. ... .\n+00040070: 8098 7265 6164 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 202d ..read_byte... -\n+00040080: 2052 6561 6420 382d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 Read 8-bit valu\n+00040090: 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e from ADDR.. \n+000400a0: e280 a220 e280 9872 6561 645f 6477 6f72 ... ...read_dwor\n+000400b0: 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 3332 2d62 d... - Read 32-b\n+000400c0: 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 4144 it value from AD\n+000400d0: 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7265 DR.. ... ...re\n+000400e0: 6164 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 ad_word... - Rea\n+000400f0: 6420 3136 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 d 16-bit value f\n+00040100: 726f 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 rom ADDR.. ...\n+00040110: 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6369 e280 9920 2d20 ...setpci... - \n+00040120: 4d61 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 2050 4349 2064 Manipulate PCI d\n+00040130: 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 evices.. ... .\n+00040140: 8098 7375 7370 656e 64e2 8099 202d 2052 ..suspend... - R\n+00040150: 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2049 4545 4531 3237 eturn to IEEE127\n+00040160: 3520 7072 6f6d 7074 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 5 prompt.. ...\n+00040170: 20e2 8098 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f63 6f6e ...syslinux_con\n+00040180: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2045 7865 figfile... - Exe\n+00040190: 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 636f cute syslinux co\n+000401a0: 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 nfig in new cont\n+000401b0: 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7379 ext. ... ...sy\n+000401c0: 736c 696e 7578 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 slinux_source...\n+000401d0: 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 - Execute sysli\n+000401e0: 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 nux config in sa\n+000401f0: 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 e280 me context. ..\n+00040200: a220 e280 9874 6573 745f 626c 6f63 6b61 . ...test_blocka\n+00040210: 7267 e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 616e rg... - Print an\n+00040220: 6420 6578 6563 7574 6520 626c 6f63 6b20 d execute block \n+00040230: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2e2c 2030 0a20 2020 argument., 0. \n+00040240: e280 a220 e280 9874 6573 746c 6f61 64e2 ... ...testload.\n+00040250: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 7361 .. - Load the sa\n+00040260: 6d65 2066 696c 6520 696e 206d 756c 7469 me file in multi\n+00040270: 706c 6520 7761 7973 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ple ways.. ...\n+00040280: 20e2 8098 7465 7374 7370 6565 64e2 8099 ...testspeed...\n+00040290: 202d 2054 6573 7420 6669 6c65 2072 6561 - Test file rea\n+000402a0: 6420 7370 6565 642e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 d speed.. ... \n+000402b0: e280 9874 6761 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 ...tgatest... - \n+000402c0: 5465 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 Tests loading of\n+000402d0: 2054 4741 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 TGA bitmap.. \n+000402e0: e280 a220 e280 9874 696d 65e2 8099 202d ... ...time... -\n+000402f0: 204d 6561 7375 7265 2074 696d 6520 7573 Measure time us\n+00040300: 6564 2062 7920 434f 4d4d 414e 440a 2020 ed by COMMAND. \n+00040310: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7472 e280 9920 2d20 ... ...tr... - \n+00040320: 5472 616e 736c 6174 6520 5345 5431 2063 Translate SET1 c\n+00040330: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 746f 2053 4554 haracters to SET\n+00040340: 3220 696e 2053 5452 494e 472e 0a20 2020 2 in STRING.. \n+00040350: e280 a220 e280 9875 7362 e280 9920 2d20 ... ...usb... - \n+00040360: 5465 7374 2055 5342 2073 7570 706f 7274 Test USB support\n+00040370: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7662 6569 .. ... ...vbei\n+00040380: 6e66 6fe2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 6176 nfo... - List av\n+00040390: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f ailable video mo\n+000403a0: 6465 732e 2020 4966 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 des. If resolut\n+000403b0: 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 0a20 2020 ion is given. \n+000403c0: 2020 7368 6f77 206f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 6465 show only mode\n+000403d0: 7320 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2069 742e 0a20 s matching it.. \n+000403e0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9876 6265 7465 7374 ... ...vbetest\n+000403f0: e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 2076 6964 656f ... - Test video\n+00040400: 2073 7562 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 subsystem.. .\n+00040410: 80a2 20e2 8098 7669 6465 6f74 6573 74e2 .. ...videotest.\n+00040420: 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 7669 6465 6f20 .. - Test video \n+00040430: 7375 6273 7973 7465 6d20 696e 206d 6f64 subsystem in mod\n+00040440: 6520 5778 482e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 e WxH.. ... ..\n+00040450: 9877 7269 7465 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 202d .write_byte... -\n+00040460: 2057 7269 7465 2038 2d62 6974 2056 414c Write 8-bit VAL\n+00040470: 5545 2074 6f20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 UE to ADDR.. .\n+00040480: 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 6974 655f 6477 6f72 .. ...write_dwor\n+00040490: 64e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2033 322d d... - Write 32-\n+000404a0: 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2041 4444 bit VALUE to ADD\n+000404b0: 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9877 7269 R.. ... ...wri\n+000404c0: 7465 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 te_word... - Wri\n+000404d0: 7465 2031 362d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 te 16-bit VALUE \n+000404e0: 746f 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 to ADDR.. ... \n+000404f0: e280 9878 656e 5f63 6174 e280 9920 2d20 ...xen_cat... - \n+00040500: 4c69 7374 2058 656e 2073 746f 7261 6765 List Xen storage\n+00040510: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7865 6e5f .. ... ...xen_\n+00040520: 6c73 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2058 656e ls... - List Xen\n+00040530: 2073 746f 7261 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 storage.. ...\n+00040540: 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6465 7670 726f 705f ...xnu_devprop_\n+00040550: 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2027 load... - Load '\n+00040560: 6465 7669 6365 2d70 726f 7065 7274 6965 device-propertie\n+00040570: 7327 2064 756d 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 s' dump.. ... \n+00040580: e280 9878 6e75 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 202d ...xnu_uuid... -\n+00040590: 2054 7261 6e73 666f 726d 2036 342d 6269 Transform 64-bi\n+000405a0: 7420 5555 4944 2074 6f20 666f 726d 6174 t UUID to format\n+000405b0: 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 584e suitable for XN\n+000405c0: 552e 2049 660a 2020 2020 202d 6c20 6973 U. If. -l is\n+000405d0: 2067 6976 656e 206b 6565 7020 6974 206c given keep it l\n+000405e0: 6f77 6572 6361 7365 2061 7320 646f 6e65 owercase as done\n+000405f0: 2062 7920 626c 6b69 642e 0a20 2020 e280 by blkid.. ..\n+00040600: a220 e280 987a 6673 2d62 6f6f 7466 73e2 . ...zfs-bootfs.\n+00040610: 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 205a 4653 2d42 .. - Print ZFS-B\n+00040620: 4f4f 5446 534f 424a 206f 7220 7374 6f72 OOTFSOBJ or stor\n+00040630: 6520 6974 2069 6e74 6f20 5641 5249 4142 e it into VARIAB\n+00040640: 4c45 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 987a 6673 LE. ... ...zfs\n+00040650: 696e 666f e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 info... - Print \n+00040660: 5a46 5320 696e 666f 2061 626f 7574 2044 ZFS info about D\n+00040670: 4556 4943 452e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 EVICE.. ... ..\n+00040680: 987a 6673 6b65 79e2 8099 202d 2049 6d70 .zfskey... - Imp\n+00040690: 6f72 7420 5a46 5320 7772 6170 7069 6e67 ort ZFS wrapping\n+000406a0: 206b 6579 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 2046 key stored in F\n+000406b0: 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ILE.....File: gr\n+000406c0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000406d0: 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 Internationalisa\n+000406e0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 6563 tion, Next: Sec\n+000406f0: 7572 6974 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f urity, Prev: Co\n+00040700: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 mmands, Up: Top\n+00040710: 0a0a 3138 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e ..18 Internation\n+00040720: 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a alisation.******\n+00040730: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00040740: 2a0a 0a31 382e 3120 4368 6172 7365 740a *..18.1 Charset.\n+00040750: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 ============..GR\n+00040760: 5542 2075 7365 7320 5554 462d 3820 696e UB uses UTF-8 in\n+00040770: 7465 726e 616c 6c79 206f 7468 6572 2074 ternally other t\n+00040780: 6861 6e20 696e 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 han in rendering\n+00040790: 2077 6865 7265 2073 6f6d 650a 4752 5542 where some.GRUB\n+000407a0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6170 7072 6f70 -specific approp\n+000407b0: 7269 6174 6520 7265 7072 6573 656e 7461 riate representa\n+000407c0: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2e20 2041 tion is used. A\n+000407d0: 6c6c 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 730a 2869 ll text files.(i\n+000407e0: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2063 6f6e 6669 6729 ncluding config)\n+000407f0: 2061 7265 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 are assumed to \n+00040800: 6265 2065 6e63 6f64 6564 2069 6e20 5554 be encoded in UT\n+00040810: 462d 382e 0a0a 3138 2e32 2046 696c 6573 F-8...18.2 Files\n+00040820: 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ystems.=========\n+00040830: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4e 5446 532c 204a =======..NTFS, J\n+00040840: 4653 2c20 5544 462c 2048 4653 2b2c 2065 FS, UDF, HFS+, e\n+00040850: 7846 4154 2c20 6c6f 6e67 2066 696c 656e xFAT, long filen\n+00040860: 616d 6573 2069 6e20 4641 542c 204a 6f6c ames in FAT, Jol\n+00040870: 6965 7420 7061 7274 206f 660a 4953 4f39 iet part of.ISO9\n+00040880: 3636 3020 6172 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 660 are treated \n+00040890: 6173 2055 5446 2d31 3620 6173 2070 6572 as UTF-16 as per\n+000408a0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 specification. \n+000408b0: 2041 4653 2061 6e64 2042 4653 2061 7265 AFS and BFS are\n+000408c0: 0a72 6561 6420 6173 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 .read as UTF-8, \n+000408d0: 6167 6169 6e20 6163 636f 7264 696e 6720 again according \n+000408e0: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e to specification\n+000408f0: 2e20 2042 7472 4653 2c20 6370 696f 2c20 . BtrFS, cpio, \n+00040900: 7461 722c 0a73 7175 6173 6834 2c20 6d69 tar,.squash4, mi\n+00040910: 6e69 782c 206d 696e 6978 322c 206d 696e nix, minix2, min\n+00040920: 6978 332c 2052 4f4d 4653 2c20 5265 6973 ix3, ROMFS, Reis\n+00040930: 6572 4653 2c20 5846 532c 2065 7874 322c erFS, XFS, ext2,\n+00040940: 2065 7874 332c 2065 7874 342c 0a46 4154 ext3, ext4,.FAT\n+00040950: 2028 7368 6f72 7420 6e61 6d65 7329 2c20 (short names), \n+00040960: 4632 4653 2c20 526f 636b 5269 6467 6520 F2FS, RockRidge \n+00040970: 7061 7274 206f 6620 4953 4f39 3636 302c part of ISO9660,\n+00040980: 206e 696c 6673 322c 2055 4653 312c 2055 nilfs2, UFS1, U\n+00040990: 4653 320a 616e 6420 5a46 5320 6172 6520 FS2.and ZFS are \n+000409a0: 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 5554 assumed to be UT\n+000409b0: 462d 382e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6967 6874 F-8. 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Measuring\n+00042350: 2062 6f6f 7420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 boot components\n+00042360: 0a2a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a20 2020 .* Lockdown:: \n 00042370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00042380: 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2077 6865 Lockdown whe\n-00042390: 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 2073 n booting on a s\n-000423a0: 6563 7572 6520 7365 7475 700a 0a1f 0a46 ecure setup....F\n-000423b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000423c0: 204e 6f64 653a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 Node: Authentic\n-000423d0: 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 ation and author\n-000423e0: 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 isation, Next: \n-000423f0: 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 Using digital si\n-00042400: 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 gnatures, Up: S\n-00042410: 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3120 4175 ecurity..19.1 Au\n-00042420: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 thentication and\n-00042430: 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 2069 authorisation i\n-00042440: 6e20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d n GRUB.=========\n+00042380: 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2077 Lockdown w\n+00042390: 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 hen booting on a\n+000423a0: 2073 6563 7572 6520 7365 7475 700a 0a1f secure setup...\n+000423b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000423c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 , Node: Authent\n+000423d0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 ication and auth\n+000423e0: 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 orisation, Next\n+000423f0: 3a20 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 : Using digital \n+00042400: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a signatures, Up:\n+00042410: 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3120 Security..19.1 \n+00042420: 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 Authentication a\n+00042430: 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e nd authorisation\n+00042440: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d in GRUB.=======\n 00042450: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00042460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00042470: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ====..By default\n-00042480: 2c20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 , the boot loade\n-00042490: 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6973 2061 r interface is a\n-000424a0: 6363 6573 7369 626c 6520 746f 2061 6e79 ccessible to any\n-000424b0: 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 0a70 6879 7369 6361 one with.physica\n-000424c0: 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7468 6520 l access to the \n-000424d0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 653a 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 console: anyone \n-000424e0: 6361 6e20 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e64 2065 can select and e\n-000424f0: 6469 7420 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 0a65 6e74 dit any menu.ent\n-00042500: 7279 2c20 616e 6420 616e 796f 6e65 2063 ry, and anyone c\n-00042510: 616e 2067 6574 2064 6972 6563 7420 6163 an get direct ac\n-00042520: 6365 7373 2074 6f20 6120 4752 5542 2073 cess to a GRUB s\n-00042530: 6865 6c6c 2070 726f 6d70 742e 2020 466f hell prompt. Fo\n-00042540: 720a 6d6f 7374 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 r.most systems, \n-00042550: 7468 6973 2069 7320 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 this is reasonab\n-00042560: 6c65 2073 696e 6365 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 le since anyone \n-00042570: 7769 7468 2064 6972 6563 7420 7068 7973 with direct phys\n-00042580: 6963 616c 0a61 6363 6573 7320 6861 7320 ical.access has \n-00042590: 6120 7661 7269 6574 7920 6f66 206f 7468 a variety of oth\n-000425a0: 6572 2077 6179 7320 746f 2067 6169 6e20 er ways to gain \n-000425b0: 6675 6c6c 2061 6363 6573 732c 2061 6e64 full access, and\n-000425c0: 2072 6571 7569 7269 6e67 0a61 7574 6865 requiring.authe\n-000425d0: 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6174 2074 6865 ntication at the\n-000425e0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206c 6576 boot loader lev\n-000425f0: 656c 2077 6f75 6c64 206f 6e6c 7920 7365 el would only se\n-00042600: 7276 6520 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 0a64 rve to make it.d\n-00042610: 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2074 6f20 7265 636f ifficult to reco\n-00042620: 7665 7220 6272 6f6b 656e 2073 7973 7465 ver broken syste\n-00042630: 6d73 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c ms... However,\n-00042640: 2069 6e20 736f 6d65 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e in some environ\n-00042650: 6d65 6e74 732c 2073 7563 6820 6173 206b ments, such as k\n-00042660: 696f 736b 732c 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 iosks, it may be\n-00042670: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 0a74 6f20 appropriate.to \n-00042680: 6c6f 636b 2064 6f77 6e20 7468 6520 626f lock down the bo\n-00042690: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 746f 2072 6571 ot loader to req\n-000426a0: 7569 7265 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 uire authenticat\n-000426b0: 696f 6e20 6265 666f 7265 2070 6572 666f ion before perfo\n-000426c0: 726d 696e 670a 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 rming.certain op\n-000426d0: 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 erations... Th\n-000426e0: 6520 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 e ...password...\n-000426f0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 (*note password\n-00042700: 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 e280 9870 6173 7377 ::) and ...passw\n-00042710: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 282a ord_pbkdf2... (*\n-00042720: 6e6f 7465 0a70 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 note.password_pb\n-00042730: 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 kdf2::) commands\n-00042740: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n-00042750: 6465 6669 6e65 2075 7365 7273 2c20 6561 define users, ea\n-00042760: 6368 206f 6620 7768 6963 680a 6861 7320 ch of which.has \n-00042770: 616e 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7061 an associated pa\n-00042780: 7373 776f 7264 2e20 20e2 8098 7061 7373 ssword. ...pass\n-00042790: 776f 7264 e280 9920 7365 7473 2074 6865 word... sets the\n-000427a0: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 696e 2070 6c61 password in pla\n-000427b0: 696e 2074 6578 742c 0a72 6571 7569 7269 in text,.requiri\n-000427c0: 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 ng ...grub.cfg..\n-000427d0: 9920 746f 2062 6520 7365 6375 7265 3b20 . to be secure; \n-000427e0: e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 ...password_pbkd\n-000427f0: 6632 e280 9920 7365 7473 2074 6865 2070 f2... sets the p\n-00042800: 6173 7377 6f72 640a 6861 7368 6564 2075 assword.hashed u\n-00042810: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2050 6173 7377 6f72 sing the Passwor\n-00042820: 642d 4261 7365 6420 4b65 7920 4465 7269 d-Based Key Deri\n-00042830: 7661 7469 6f6e 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e20 vation Function \n-00042840: 2852 4643 2032 3839 3829 2c0a 7265 7175 (RFC 2898),.requ\n-00042850: 6972 696e 6720 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 iring the use of\n-00042860: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ...grub-mkpassw\n-00042870: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 282a 6e6f d-pbkdf2... (*no\n-00042880: 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 7562 te Invoking.grub\n-00042890: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n-000428a0: 3a3a 2920 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 ::) to generate \n-000428b0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 6865 732e password hashes.\n-000428c0: 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f .. In order to\n-000428d0: 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6175 7468 656e 7469 enable authenti\n-000428e0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 cation support, \n-000428f0: 7468 6520 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 the ...superuser\n-00042900: 73e2 8099 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 s....environment\n-00042910: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 variable must b\n-00042920: 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 7420 e set to a list \n-00042930: 6f66 2075 7365 726e 616d 6573 2c20 7365 of usernames, se\n-00042940: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 0a61 6e79 206f parated by.any o\n-00042950: 6620 7370 6163 6573 2c20 636f 6d6d 6173 f spaces, commas\n-00042960: 2c20 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 2c20 7069 , semicolons, pi\n-00042970: 7065 732c 206f 7220 616d 7065 7273 616e pes, or ampersan\n-00042980: 6473 2e20 2053 7570 6572 7573 6572 7320 ds. Superusers \n-00042990: 6172 650a 7065 726d 6974 7465 6420 746f are.permitted to\n-000429a0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f use the GRUB co\n-000429b0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2c20 6564 6974 mmand line, edit\n-000429c0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732c 2061 menu entries, a\n-000429d0: 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 0a61 6e79 206d nd execute.any m\n-000429e0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 4966 20e2 enu entry. If .\n-000429f0: 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 9920 ..superusers... \n-00042a00: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 7468 656e 2075 7365 is set, then use\n-00042a10: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 of the command \n-00042a20: 6c69 6e65 0a61 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 line.and editing\n-00042a30: 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 of menu entries\n-00042a40: 2061 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c are automatical\n-00042a50: 6c79 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 746f ly restricted to\n-00042a60: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 732e 0a53 6574 superusers..Set\n-00042a70: 7469 6e67 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 ting ...superuse\n-00042a80: 7273 e280 9920 746f 2065 6d70 7479 2073 rs... to empty s\n-00042a90: 7472 696e 6720 6566 6665 6374 6976 656c tring effectivel\n-00042aa0: 7920 6469 7361 626c 6573 2062 6f74 6820 y disables both \n-00042ab0: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f0a 434c 4920 616e access to.CLI an\n-00042ac0: 6420 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f66 206d 656e d editing of men\n-00042ad0: 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 u entries. Note\n-00042ae0: 3a20 5468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e : The environmen\n-00042af0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 6565 6473 t variable needs\n-00042b00: 0a74 6f20 6265 2065 7870 6f72 7465 6420 .to be exported \n-00042b10: 746f 2061 6c73 6f20 6166 6665 6374 2074 to also affect t\n-00042b20: 6865 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2064 6566 696e he section defin\n-00042b30: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 e280 9873 7562 ed by the ...sub\n-00042b40: 6d65 6e75 e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 menu....command \n-00042b50: 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 3a3a (*note submenu::\n-00042b60: 292e 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 2075 7365 )... Other use\n-00042b70: 7273 206d 6179 2062 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 rs may be allowe\n-00042b80: 6420 746f 2065 7865 6375 7465 2073 7065 d to execute spe\n-00042b90: 6369 6669 6320 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 cific menu entri\n-00042ba0: 6573 2062 7920 6769 7669 6e67 0a61 206c es by giving.a l\n-00042bb0: 6973 7420 6f66 2075 7365 726e 616d 6573 ist of usernames\n-00042bc0: 2028 6173 2061 626f 7665 2920 7573 696e (as above) usin\n-00042bd0: 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 g the ...--users\n-00042be0: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 ... option to th\n-00042bf0: 650a e280 986d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 e280 e....menuentry..\n-00042c00: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 . command (*note\n-00042c10: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 292e 2020 menuentry::). \n-00042c20: 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e 7265 If the ...--unre\n-00042c30: 7374 7269 6374 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 stricted... opti\n-00042c40: 6f6e 0a69 7320 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 on.is used for a\n-00042c50: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2074 6865 menu entry, the\n-00042c60: 6e20 7468 6174 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 n that entry is \n-00042c70: 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 2e20 2049 unrestricted. I\n-00042c80: 6620 7468 650a e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 f the....--users\n-00042c90: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f ... option is no\n-00042ca0: 7420 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 206d 656e t used for a men\n-00042cb0: 7520 656e 7472 792c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 u entry, then th\n-00042cc0: 6174 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7065 7275 7365 at only superuse\n-00042cd0: 7273 0a61 7265 2061 626c 6520 746f 2075 rs.are able to u\n-00042ce0: 7365 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 2050 7574 7469 se it... Putti\n-00042cf0: 6e67 2074 6869 7320 746f 6765 7468 6572 ng this together\n-00042d00: 2c20 6120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 e280 9867 , a typical ...g\n-00042d10: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2066 7261 676d rub.cfg... fragm\n-00042d20: 656e 7420 6d69 6768 7420 6c6f 6f6b 206c ent might look l\n-00042d30: 696b 650a 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike.this:.. \n-00042d40: 7365 7420 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 3d22 set superusers=\"\n-00042d50: 726f 6f74 220a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 root\". passw\n-00042d60: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2072 6f6f 7420 ord_pbkdf2 root \n-00042d70: 6772 7562 2e70 626b 6466 322e 7368 6135 grub.pbkdf2.sha5\n-00042d80: 3132 2e31 3030 3030 2e62 6967 6c6f 6e67 12.10000.biglong\n-00042d90: 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 string. pass\n-00042da0: 776f 7264 2075 7365 7231 2069 6e73 6563 word user1 insec\n-00042db0: 7572 650a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e ure.. menuen\n-00042dc0: 7472 7920 224d 6179 2062 6520 7275 6e20 try \"May be run \n-00042dd0: 6279 2061 6e79 2075 7365 7222 202d 2d75 by any user\" --u\n-00042de0: 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 7b0a 2020 nrestricted {. \n-00042df0: 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 .set root=(hd\n-00042e00: 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 096c 696e 7578 0,1). .linux\n-00042e10: 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 207d /vmlinuz. }\n-00042e20: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n-00042e30: 2022 5375 7065 7275 7365 7273 206f 6e6c \"Superusers onl\n-00042e40: 7922 202d 2d75 7365 7273 2022 2220 7b0a y\" --users \"\" {.\n-00042e50: 2020 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 .set root=(\n-00042e60: 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 096c 696e hd0,1). .lin\n-00042e70: 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 7369 6e67 ux /vmlinuz sing\n-00042e80: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 le. }.. \n-00042e90: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224d 6179 2062 menuentry \"May b\n-00042ea0: 6520 7275 6e20 6279 2075 7365 7231 206f e run by user1 o\n-00042eb0: 7220 6120 7375 7065 7275 7365 7222 202d r a superuser\" -\n-00042ec0: 2d75 7365 7273 2075 7365 7231 207b 0a20 -users user1 {. \n-00042ed0: 2020 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 .set root=(h\n-00042ee0: 6430 2c32 290a 2020 2020 2009 6368 6169 d0,2). .chai\n-00042ef0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 nloader +1. \n-00042f00: 7d0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 e280 9867 7275 }.. The ...gru\n-00042f10: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7072 b-mkconfig... pr\n-00042f20: 6f67 7261 6d20 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2079 ogram does not y\n-00042f30: 6574 2068 6176 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e et have built-in\n-00042f40: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 0a67 656e support for.gen\n-00042f50: 6572 6174 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 7572 erating configur\n-00042f60: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 7769 7468 ation files with\n-00042f70: 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e2e authentication.\n-00042f80: 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a e280 You can use...\n-00042f90: 982f 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f ./etc/grub.d/40_\n-00042fa0: 6375 7374 6f6d e280 9920 746f 2061 6464 custom... to add\n-00042fb0: 2073 696d 706c 6520 7375 7065 7275 7365 simple superuse\n-00042fc0: 7220 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e r authentication\n-00042fd0: 2c20 6279 0a61 6464 696e 6720 e280 9873 , by.adding ...s\n-00042fe0: 6574 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 733d e280 et superusers=..\n-00042ff0: 9920 616e 6420 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 . and ...passwor\n-00043000: 64e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9870 6173 7377 d... or ...passw\n-00043010: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 636f ord_pbkdf2... co\n-00043020: 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a mmands.....File:\n-00043030: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00043040: 653a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c e: Using digital\n-00043050: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 4e65 signatures, Ne\n-00043060: 7874 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 xt: UEFI secure \n-00043070: 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 boot and shim, \n-00043080: 5072 6576 3a20 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 Prev: Authentica\n-00043090: 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 tion and authori\n-000430a0: 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 sation, Up: Sec\n-000430b0: 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3220 5573 696e urity..19.2 Usin\n-000430c0: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 g digital signat\n-000430d0: 7572 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d ures in GRUB.===\n+00042470: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4279 2064 6566 6175 ======..By defau\n+00042480: 6c74 2c20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 lt, the boot loa\n+00042490: 6465 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6973 der interface is\n+000424a0: 2061 6363 6573 7369 626c 6520 746f 2061 accessible to a\n+000424b0: 6e79 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 0a70 6879 7369 nyone with.physi\n+000424c0: 6361 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7468 cal access to th\n+000424d0: 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c 653a 2061 6e79 6f6e e console: anyon\n+000424e0: 6520 6361 6e20 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e64 e can select and\n+000424f0: 2065 6469 7420 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 0a65 edit any menu.e\n+00042500: 6e74 7279 2c20 616e 6420 616e 796f 6e65 ntry, and anyone\n+00042510: 2063 616e 2067 6574 2064 6972 6563 7420 can get direct \n+00042520: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 6120 4752 5542 access to a GRUB\n+00042530: 2073 6865 6c6c 2070 726f 6d70 742e 2020 shell prompt. \n+00042540: 466f 720a 6d6f 7374 2073 7973 7465 6d73 For.most systems\n+00042550: 2c20 7468 6973 2069 7320 7265 6173 6f6e , this is reason\n+00042560: 6162 6c65 2073 696e 6365 2061 6e79 6f6e able since anyon\n+00042570: 6520 7769 7468 2064 6972 6563 7420 7068 e with direct ph\n+00042580: 7973 6963 616c 0a61 6363 6573 7320 6861 ysical.access ha\n+00042590: 7320 6120 7661 7269 6574 7920 6f66 206f s a variety of o\n+000425a0: 7468 6572 2077 6179 7320 746f 2067 6169 ther ways to gai\n+000425b0: 6e20 6675 6c6c 2061 6363 6573 732c 2061 n full access, a\n+000425c0: 6e64 2072 6571 7569 7269 6e67 0a61 7574 nd requiring.aut\n+000425d0: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6174 2074 hentication at t\n+000425e0: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206c he boot loader l\n+000425f0: 6576 656c 2077 6f75 6c64 206f 6e6c 7920 evel would only \n+00042600: 7365 7276 6520 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 serve to make it\n+00042610: 0a64 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2074 6f20 7265 .difficult to re\n+00042620: 636f 7665 7220 6272 6f6b 656e 2073 7973 cover broken sys\n+00042630: 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 tems... Howeve\n+00042640: 722c 2069 6e20 736f 6d65 2065 6e76 6972 r, in some envir\n+00042650: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 732c 2073 7563 6820 6173 onments, such as\n+00042660: 206b 696f 736b 732c 2069 7420 6d61 7920 kiosks, it may \n+00042670: 6265 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 0a74 be appropriate.t\n+00042680: 6f20 6c6f 636b 2064 6f77 6e20 7468 6520 o lock down the \n+00042690: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 746f 2072 boot loader to r\n+000426a0: 6571 7569 7265 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 equire authentic\n+000426b0: 6174 696f 6e20 6265 666f 7265 2070 6572 ation before per\n+000426c0: 666f 726d 696e 670a 6365 7274 6169 6e20 forming.certain \n+000426d0: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 operations... \n+000426e0: 5468 6520 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 The ...password.\n+000426f0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 7373 776f .. (*note passwo\n+00042700: 7264 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 e280 9870 6173 rd::) and ...pas\n+00042710: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 sword_pbkdf2... \n+00042720: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a70 6173 7377 6f72 645f (*note.password_\n+00042730: 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e pbkdf2::) comman\n+00042740: 6473 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 ds can be used t\n+00042750: 6f20 6465 6669 6e65 2075 7365 7273 2c20 o define users, \n+00042760: 6561 6368 206f 6620 7768 6963 680a 6861 each of which.ha\n+00042770: 7320 616e 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 s an associated \n+00042780: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2e20 20e2 8098 7061 password. ...pa\n+00042790: 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 7365 7473 2074 ssword... sets t\n+000427a0: 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 696e 2070 he password in p\n+000427b0: 6c61 696e 2074 6578 742c 0a72 6571 7569 lain text,.requi\n+000427c0: 7269 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ring ...grub.cfg\n+000427d0: e280 9920 746f 2062 6520 7365 6375 7265 ... to be secure\n+000427e0: 3b20 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 ; ...password_pb\n+000427f0: 6b64 6632 e280 9920 7365 7473 2074 6865 kdf2... sets the\n+00042800: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 6861 7368 6564 password.hashed\n+00042810: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2050 6173 7377 using the Passw\n+00042820: 6f72 642d 4261 7365 6420 4b65 7920 4465 ord-Based Key De\n+00042830: 7269 7661 7469 6f6e 2046 756e 6374 696f rivation Functio\n+00042840: 6e20 2852 4643 2032 3839 3829 2c0a 7265 n (RFC 2898),.re\n+00042850: 7175 6972 696e 6720 7468 6520 7573 6520 quiring the use \n+00042860: 6f66 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 of ...grub-mkpas\n+00042870: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 282a swd-pbkdf2... (*\n+00042880: 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 note Invoking.gr\n+00042890: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n+000428a0: 6632 3a3a 2920 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 f2::) to generat\n+000428b0: 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 6865 e password hashe\n+000428c0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 s... In order \n+000428d0: 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6175 7468 656e to enable authen\n+000428e0: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 706f 7274 tication support\n+000428f0: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 , the ...superus\n+00042900: 6572 73e2 8099 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 ers....environme\n+00042910: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d75 7374 nt variable must\n+00042920: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 be set to a lis\n+00042930: 7420 6f66 2075 7365 726e 616d 6573 2c20 t of usernames, \n+00042940: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 0a61 6e79 separated by.any\n+00042950: 206f 6620 7370 6163 6573 2c20 636f 6d6d of spaces, comm\n+00042960: 6173 2c20 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 2c20 as, semicolons, \n+00042970: 7069 7065 732c 206f 7220 616d 7065 7273 pipes, or ampers\n+00042980: 616e 6473 2e20 2053 7570 6572 7573 6572 ands. Superuser\n+00042990: 7320 6172 650a 7065 726d 6974 7465 6420 s are.permitted \n+000429a0: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 to use the GRUB \n+000429b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2c20 6564 command line, ed\n+000429c0: 6974 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732c it menu entries,\n+000429d0: 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 0a61 6e79 and execute.any\n+000429e0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 4966 menu entry. If\n+000429f0: 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 ...superusers..\n+00042a00: 9920 6973 2073 6574 2c20 7468 656e 2075 . is set, then u\n+00042a10: 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e se of the comman\n+00042a20: 6420 6c69 6e65 0a61 6e64 2065 6469 7469 d line.and editi\n+00042a30: 6e67 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 ng of menu entri\n+00042a40: 6573 2061 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 es are automatic\n+00042a50: 616c 6c79 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 ally restricted \n+00042a60: 746f 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 732e 0a53 to superusers..S\n+00042a70: 6574 7469 6e67 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 etting ...superu\n+00042a80: 7365 7273 e280 9920 746f 2065 6d70 7479 sers... to empty\n+00042a90: 2073 7472 696e 6720 6566 6665 6374 6976 string effectiv\n+00042aa0: 656c 7920 6469 7361 626c 6573 2062 6f74 ely disables bot\n+00042ab0: 6820 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f0a 434c 4920 h access to.CLI \n+00042ac0: 616e 6420 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f66 206d and editing of m\n+00042ad0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 2020 4e6f enu entries. No\n+00042ae0: 7465 3a20 5468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d te: The environm\n+00042af0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 6565 ent variable nee\n+00042b00: 6473 0a74 6f20 6265 2065 7870 6f72 7465 ds.to be exporte\n+00042b10: 6420 746f 2061 6c73 6f20 6166 6665 6374 d to also affect\n+00042b20: 2074 6865 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2064 6566 the section def\n+00042b30: 696e 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 e280 9873 ined by the ...s\n+00042b40: 7562 6d65 6e75 e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e ubmenu....comman\n+00042b50: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 d (*note submenu\n+00042b60: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 2075 ::)... Other u\n+00042b70: 7365 7273 206d 6179 2062 6520 616c 6c6f sers may be allo\n+00042b80: 7765 6420 746f 2065 7865 6375 7465 2073 wed to execute s\n+00042b90: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 pecific menu ent\n+00042ba0: 7269 6573 2062 7920 6769 7669 6e67 0a61 ries by giving.a\n+00042bb0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2075 7365 726e 616d list of usernam\n+00042bc0: 6573 2028 6173 2061 626f 7665 2920 7573 es (as above) us\n+00042bd0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d75 7365 ing the ...--use\n+00042be0: 7273 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 rs... option to \n+00042bf0: 7468 650a e280 986d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 the....menuentry\n+00042c00: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ... command (*no\n+00042c10: 7465 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 292e te menuentry::).\n+00042c20: 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e If the ...--un\n+00042c30: 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 e280 9920 6f70 restricted... op\n+00042c40: 7469 6f6e 0a69 7320 7573 6564 2066 6f72 tion.is used for\n+00042c50: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2074 a menu entry, t\n+00042c60: 6865 6e20 7468 6174 2065 6e74 7279 2069 hen that entry i\n+00042c70: 7320 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 2e20 s unrestricted. \n+00042c80: 2049 6620 7468 650a e280 982d 2d75 7365 If the....--use\n+00042c90: 7273 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 rs... option is \n+00042ca0: 6e6f 7420 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 206d not used for a m\n+00042cb0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2074 6865 6e20 enu entry, then \n+00042cc0: 7468 6174 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7065 7275 that only superu\n+00042cd0: 7365 7273 0a61 7265 2061 626c 6520 746f sers.are able to\n+00042ce0: 2075 7365 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 2050 7574 use it... Put\n+00042cf0: 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 746f 6765 7468 ting this togeth\n+00042d00: 6572 2c20 6120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 e280 er, a typical ..\n+00042d10: 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2066 7261 .grub.cfg... fra\n+00042d20: 676d 656e 7420 6d69 6768 7420 6c6f 6f6b gment might look\n+00042d30: 206c 696b 650a 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 like.this:.. \n+00042d40: 2020 7365 7420 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 set superusers\n+00042d50: 3d22 726f 6f74 220a 2020 2020 2070 6173 =\"root\". pas\n+00042d60: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2072 6f6f sword_pbkdf2 roo\n+00042d70: 7420 6772 7562 2e70 626b 6466 322e 7368 t grub.pbkdf2.sh\n+00042d80: 6135 3132 2e31 3030 3030 2e62 6967 6c6f a512.10000.biglo\n+00042d90: 6e67 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7061 ngstring. pa\n+00042da0: 7373 776f 7264 2075 7365 7231 2069 6e73 ssword user1 ins\n+00042db0: 6563 7572 650a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 ecure.. menu\n+00042dc0: 656e 7472 7920 224d 6179 2062 6520 7275 entry \"May be ru\n+00042dd0: 6e20 6279 2061 6e79 2075 7365 7222 202d n by any user\" -\n+00042de0: 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 7b0a -unrestricted {.\n+00042df0: 2020 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 .set root=(\n+00042e00: 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 096c 696e hd0,1). .lin\n+00042e10: 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 ux /vmlinuz. \n+00042e20: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n+00042e30: 7279 2022 5375 7065 7275 7365 7273 206f ry \"Superusers o\n+00042e40: 6e6c 7922 202d 2d75 7365 7273 2022 2220 nly\" --users \"\" \n+00042e50: 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 {. .set root\n+00042e60: 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 096c =(hd0,1). .l\n+00042e70: 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 7369 inux /vmlinuz si\n+00042e80: 6e67 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 ngle. }.. \n+00042e90: 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224d 6179 menuentry \"May\n+00042ea0: 2062 6520 7275 6e20 6279 2075 7365 7231 be run by user1\n+00042eb0: 206f 7220 6120 7375 7065 7275 7365 7222 or a superuser\"\n+00042ec0: 202d 2d75 7365 7273 2075 7365 7231 207b --users user1 {\n+00042ed0: 0a20 2020 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d . .set root=\n+00042ee0: 2868 6430 2c32 290a 2020 2020 2009 6368 (hd0,2). .ch\n+00042ef0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 ainloader +1. \n+00042f00: 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 e280 9867 }.. The ...g\n+00042f10: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 rub-mkconfig... \n+00042f20: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 646f 6573 206e 6f74 program does not\n+00042f30: 2079 6574 2068 6176 6520 6275 696c 742d yet have built-\n+00042f40: 696e 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 0a67 in support for.g\n+00042f50: 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 enerating config\n+00042f60: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 7769 uration files wi\n+00042f70: 7468 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f th authenticatio\n+00042f80: 6e2e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a n. You can use.\n+00042f90: e280 982f 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 .../etc/grub.d/4\n+00042fa0: 305f 6375 7374 6f6d e280 9920 746f 2061 0_custom... to a\n+00042fb0: 6464 2073 696d 706c 6520 7375 7065 7275 dd simple superu\n+00042fc0: 7365 7220 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 ser authenticati\n+00042fd0: 6f6e 2c20 6279 0a61 6464 696e 6720 e280 on, by.adding ..\n+00042fe0: 9873 6574 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 733d .set superusers=\n+00042ff0: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9870 6173 7377 ... and ...passw\n+00043000: 6f72 64e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9870 6173 ord... or ...pas\n+00043010: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 sword_pbkdf2... \n+00043020: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c commands.....Fil\n+00043030: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00043040: 6f64 653a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 ode: Using digit\n+00043050: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 al signatures, \n+00043060: 4e65 7874 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 Next: UEFI secur\n+00043070: 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c e boot and shim,\n+00043080: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4175 7468 656e 7469 Prev: Authenti\n+00043090: 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f cation and autho\n+000430a0: 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 risation, Up: S\n+000430b0: 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3220 5573 ecurity..19.2 Us\n+000430c0: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital sign\n+000430d0: 6174 7572 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 0a3d atures in GRUB.=\n 000430e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000430f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00043100: 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2773 20e2 8098 636f ==..GRUB's ...co\n-00043110: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6f70 re.img... can op\n-00043120: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2070 726f 7669 6465 tionally provide\n-00043130: 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 enforcement tha\n-00043140: 7420 616c 6c20 6669 6c65 730a 7375 6273 t all files.subs\n-00043150: 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2072 6561 6420 6672 equently read fr\n-00043160: 6f6d 2064 6973 6b20 6172 6520 636f 7665 om disk are cove\n-00043170: 7265 6420 6279 2061 2076 616c 6964 2064 red by a valid d\n-00043180: 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 igital signature\n-00043190: 2e0a 5468 6973 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 ..This document \n-000431a0: 646f 6573 202a 6e6f 742a 2063 6f76 6572 does *not* cover\n-000431b0: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 656e 7375 7265 2074 how to ensure t\n-000431c0: 6861 7420 796f 7572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 hat your platfor\n-000431d0: 6d27 730a 6669 726d 7761 7265 2028 652e m's.firmware (e.\n-000431e0: 672e 2c20 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2920 7661 g., Coreboot) va\n-000431f0: 6c69 6461 7465 7320 e280 9863 6f72 652e lidates ...core.\n-00043200: 696d 67e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2065 img...... If e\n-00043210: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00043220: 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 ble ...check_sig\n-00043230: 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 natures... (*not\n-00043240: 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 e check_signatur\n-00043250: 6573 3a3a 290a 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 es::).is set to \n-00043260: e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992c 2074 ...enforce..., t\n-00043270: 6865 6e20 6576 6572 7920 6174 7465 6d70 hen every attemp\n-00043280: 7420 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 e280 t by the GRUB ..\n-00043290: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 .core.img... to \n-000432a0: 6c6f 6164 0a61 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 696c load.another fil\n-000432b0: 6520 e280 9866 6f6f e280 9920 696d 706c e ...foo... impl\n-000432c0: 6963 6974 6c79 2069 6e76 6f6b 6573 20e2 icitly invokes .\n-000432d0: 8098 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 ..verify_detache\n-000432e0: 6420 666f 6f20 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 d foo foo.sig...\n-000432f0: 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 .(*note verify_d\n-00043300: 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 20e2 8098 etached::). ...\n-00043310: 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 206d 7573 7420 foo.sig... must \n-00043320: 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 6120 7661 6c69 6420 contain a valid \n-00043330: 6469 6769 7461 6c0a 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital.signatur\n-00043340: 6520 6f76 6572 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 e over the conte\n-00043350: 6e74 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 nts of ...foo...\n-00043360: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2076 , which can be v\n-00043370: 6572 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2061 0a70 erified with a.p\n-00043380: 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 6375 7272 656e ublic key curren\n-00043390: 746c 7920 7472 7573 7465 6420 6279 2047 tly trusted by G\n-000433a0: 5255 4220 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 745f RUB (*note list_\n-000433b0: 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 trusted::, *note\n-000433c0: 0a74 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e .trust::, and *n\n-000433d0: 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 292e ote distrust::).\n-000433e0: 2020 4966 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 If validation \n-000433f0: 6661 696c 732c 2074 6865 6e20 6669 6c65 fails, then file\n-00043400: 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 0a63 616e 6e6f ...foo....canno\n-00043410: 7420 6265 206f 7065 6e65 642e 2020 5468 t be opened. Th\n-00043420: 6973 2066 6169 6c75 7265 206d 6179 2068 is failure may h\n-00043430: 616c 7420 6f72 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 alt or otherwise\n-00043440: 2069 6d70 6163 7420 7468 6520 626f 6f74 impact the boot\n-00043450: 0a70 726f 6365 7373 2e0a 0a20 2020 416e .process... An\n-00043460: 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2074 7275 7374 6564 initial trusted\n-00043470: 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 6361 6e20 public key can \n-00043480: 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 7769 7468 be embedded with\n-00043490: 696e 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a e280 9863 in the GRUB....c\n-000434a0: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2075 7369 6e67 ore.img... using\n-000434b0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7075 626b 6579 the ...--pubkey\n-000434c0: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 ... option to ..\n-000434d0: 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 .grub-install...\n-000434e0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 (*note Invoking\n-000434f0: 0a67 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 .grub-install::)\n-00043500: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 ... GRUB uses \n-00043510: 4750 472d 7374 796c 6520 6465 7461 6368 GPG-style detach\n-00043520: 6564 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7320 286d ed signatures (m\n-00043530: 6561 6e69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 6120 6669 eaning that a fi\n-00043540: 6c65 0ae2 8098 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 le....foo.sig...\n-00043550: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 726f 6475 6365 will be produce\n-00043560: 6420 7768 656e 2066 696c 6520 e280 9866 d when file ...f\n-00043570: 6f6f e280 9920 6973 2073 6967 6e65 6429 oo... is signed)\n-00043580: 2c20 616e 6420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a , and currently.\n-00043590: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 2044 5341 supports the DSA\n-000435a0: 2061 6e64 2052 5341 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 and RSA signing\n-000435b0: 2061 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 732e 2020 4120 algorithms. A \n-000435c0: 7369 676e 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6361 6e20 signing key can \n-000435d0: 6265 0a67 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 7320 be.generated as \n-000435e0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 follows:.. g\n-000435f0: 7067 202d 2d67 656e 2d6b 6579 0a0a 2020 pg --gen-key.. \n-00043600: 2041 6e20 696e 6469 7669 6475 616c 2066 An individual f\n-00043610: 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 ile can be signe\n-00043620: 6420 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 d as follows:.. \n-00043630: 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 gpg --detach\n-00043640: 2d73 6967 6e20 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f66 -sign /path/to/f\n-00043650: 696c 650a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 7375 6363 ile.. For succ\n-00043660: 6573 7366 756c 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f essful validatio\n-00043670: 6e20 6f66 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 4752 5542 n of all of GRUB\n-00043680: 2773 2073 7562 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 's subcomponents\n-00043690: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 and the.loaded \n-000436a0: 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2074 6865 7920 OS kernel, they \n-000436b0: 6d75 7374 2061 6c6c 2062 6520 7369 676e must all be sign\n-000436c0: 6564 2e20 204f 6e65 2077 6179 2074 6f20 ed. One way to \n-000436d0: 6163 636f 6d70 6c69 7368 2074 6869 730a accomplish this.\n-000436e0: 6973 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 is the following\n-000436f0: 2028 6166 7465 7220 6861 7669 6e67 2061 (after having a\n-00043700: 6c72 6561 6479 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 lready produced \n-00043710: 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 e280 9867 the desired ...g\n-00043720: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 0a66 696c 652c rub.cfg....file,\n-00043730: 2065 2e67 2e2c 2062 7920 7275 6e6e 696e e.g., by runnin\n-00043740: 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 g ...grub-mkconf\n-00043750: 6967 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 ig... (*note Inv\n-00043760: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e oking grub-mkcon\n-00043770: 6669 673a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 fig::):.. # \n-00043780: 4564 6974 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 Edit /dev/shm/pa\n-00043790: 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 2074 6f20 ssphrase.txt to \n-000437a0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 796f 7572 2073 6967 contain your sig\n-000437b0: 6e69 6e67 206b 6579 2773 2070 6173 7370 ning key's passp\n-000437c0: 6872 6173 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2069 hrase. for i\n-000437d0: 2069 6e20 6066 696e 6420 2f62 6f6f 7420 in `find /boot \n-000437e0: 2d6e 616d 6520 222a 2e63 6667 2220 2d6f -name \"*.cfg\" -o\n-000437f0: 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 222a 2e6c 7374 2220 r -name \"*.lst\" \n-00043800: 2d6f 7220 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 202d 6e61 -or \\. -na\n-00043810: 6d65 2022 2a2e 6d6f 6422 202d 6f72 202d me \"*.mod\" -or -\n-00043820: 6e61 6d65 2022 766d 6c69 6e75 7a2a 2220 name \"vmlinuz*\" \n-00043830: 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 2269 6e69 7472 -or -name \"initr\n-00043840: 642a 2220 2d6f 7220 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 d*\" -or \\. \n-00043850: 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 6772 7562 656e 7622 -name \"grubenv\"\n-00043860: 603b 0a20 2020 2020 646f 0a20 2020 2020 `;. do. \n-00043870: 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6261 7463 6820 2d2d gpg --batch --\n-00043880: 6465 7461 6368 2d73 6967 6e20 2d2d 7061 detach-sign --pa\n-00043890: 7373 7068 7261 7365 2d66 6420 3020 2469 ssphrase-fd 0 $i\n-000438a0: 203c 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f64 < \\. /d\n-000438b0: 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 7370 6872 6173 ev/shm/passphras\n-000438c0: 652e 7478 740a 2020 2020 2064 6f6e 650a e.txt. done.\n-000438d0: 2020 2020 2073 6872 6564 202f 6465 762f shred /dev/\n-000438e0: 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e74 shm/passphrase.t\n-000438f0: 7874 0a0a 2020 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f3a xt.. See also:\n-00043900: 202a 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 *note check_sig\n-00043910: 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 natures::, *note\n-00043920: 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 verify_detached\n-00043930: 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 7472 7573 743a ::, *note.trust:\n-00043940: 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 :, *note list_tr\n-00043950: 7573 7465 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 usted::, *note d\n-00043960: 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 istrust::, *note\n-00043970: 206c 6f61 645f 656e 763a 3a2c 202a 6e6f load_env::, *no\n-00043980: 7465 0a73 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a2e 0a0a te.save_env::...\n-00043990: 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2069 6e74 Note that int\n-000439a0: 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6174 7572 ernally signatur\n-000439b0: 6520 656e 666f 7263 656d 656e 7420 6973 e enforcement is\n-000439c0: 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2073 controlled by s\n-000439d0: 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 2065 6e76 6972 etting.the envir\n-000439e0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-000439f0: e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 ...check_signatu\n-00043a00: 7265 73e2 8099 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 res... equal to \n-00043a10: e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992e 2020 ...enforce.... \n-00043a20: 5061 7373 696e 670a 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d Passing.one or m\n-00043a30: 6f72 6520 e280 982d 2d70 7562 6b65 79e2 ore ...--pubkey.\n-00043a40: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 e280 .. options to ..\n-00043a50: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 .grub-mkimage...\n-00043a60: 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 746c 7920 6465 6669 implicitly defi\n-00043a70: 6e65 730a e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 nes....check_sig\n-00043a80: 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2065 7175 616c natures... equal\n-00043a90: 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 to ...enforce..\n-00043aa0: 9920 696e 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 . in ...core.img\n-00043ab0: e280 9920 7072 696f 7220 746f 2070 726f ... prior to pro\n-00043ac0: 6365 7373 696e 670a 616e 7920 636f 6e66 cessing.any conf\n-00043ad0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e iguration files.\n-00043ae0: 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2073 .. Note that s\n-00043af0: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2063 6865 636b 696e ignature checkin\n-00043b00: 6720 646f 6573 202a 6e6f 742a 2070 7265 g does *not* pre\n-00043b10: 7665 6e74 2061 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 vent an attacker\n-00043b20: 2077 6974 680a 2873 6572 6961 6c2c 2070 with.(serial, p\n-00043b30: 6879 7369 6361 6c2c 202e 2e2e 2920 2063 hysical, ...) c\n-00043b40: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 6363 6573 7320 6672 onsole access fr\n-00043b50: 6f6d 2064 726f 7070 696e 6720 6d61 6e75 om dropping manu\n-00043b60: 616c 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 650a 4752 5542 ally to the.GRUB\n-00043b70: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 6e64 2065 7865 console and exe\n-00043b80: 6375 7469 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 cuting:.. se\n-00043b90: 7420 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 t check_signatur\n-00043ba0: 6573 3d6e 6f0a 0a20 2020 546f 2070 7265 es=no.. To pre\n-00043bb0: 7665 6e74 2074 6869 732c 2070 6173 7377 vent this, passw\n-00043bc0: 6f72 642d 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2028 ord-protection (\n-00043bd0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 *note Authentica\n-00043be0: 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 0a61 7574 686f 7269 tion and.authori\n-00043bf0: 7361 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 6973 2065 7373 sation::) is ess\n-00043c00: 656e 7469 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 ential. Note th\n-00043c10: 6174 2065 7665 6e20 7769 7468 2047 5255 at even with GRU\n-00043c20: 4220 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a70 726f 7465 B password.prote\n-00043c30: 6374 696f 6e2c 2047 5255 4220 6974 7365 ction, GRUB itse\n-00043c40: 6c66 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 7072 6576 656e lf cannot preven\n-00043c50: 7420 736f 6d65 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 2070 t someone with p\n-00043c60: 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2074 hysical access t\n-00043c70: 6f0a 7468 6520 6d61 6368 696e 6520 6672 o.the machine fr\n-00043c80: 6f6d 2061 6c74 6572 696e 6720 7468 6174 om altering that\n-00043c90: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2773 2066 6972 6d77 machine's firmw\n-00043ca0: 6172 6520 2865 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 6562 are (e.g., Coreb\n-00043cb0: 6f6f 7420 6f72 0a42 494f 5329 2063 6f6e oot or.BIOS) con\n-00043cc0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 6361 figuration to ca\n-00043cd0: 7573 6520 7468 6520 6d61 6368 696e 6520 use the machine \n-00043ce0: 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 2064 to boot from a d\n-00043cf0: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 0a28 6174 7461 636b ifferent.(attack\n-00043d00: 6572 2d63 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6429 2064 er-controlled) d\n-00043d10: 6576 6963 652e 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 evice. GRUB is \n-00043d20: 6174 2062 6573 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 at best only one\n-00043d30: 206c 696e 6b20 696e 2061 2073 6563 7572 link in a secur\n-00043d40: 650a 626f 6f74 2063 6861 696e 2e0a 0a1f e.boot chain....\n-00043d50: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00043d60: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 4546 4920 7365 , Node: UEFI se\n-00043d70: 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 cure boot and sh\n-00043d80: 696d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 6563 7572 im, Next: Secur\n-00043d90: 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 e Boot Advanced \n-00043da0: 5461 7267 6574 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 Targeting, Prev\n-00043db0: 3a20 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 : Using digital \n-00043dc0: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a signatures, Up:\n-00043dd0: 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3320 Security..19.3 \n-00043de0: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 UEFI secure boot\n-00043df0: 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d20 7375 7070 6f72 and shim suppor\n-00043e00: 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d t.==============\n+00043100: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2773 20e2 8098 ====..GRUB's ...\n+00043110: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6361 6e20 core.img... can \n+00043120: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2070 726f 7669 optionally provi\n+00043130: 6465 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6d65 6e74 2074 de enforcement t\n+00043140: 6861 7420 616c 6c20 6669 6c65 730a 7375 hat all files.su\n+00043150: 6273 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2072 6561 6420 bsequently read \n+00043160: 6672 6f6d 2064 6973 6b20 6172 6520 636f from disk are co\n+00043170: 7665 7265 6420 6279 2061 2076 616c 6964 vered by a valid\n+00043180: 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 digital signatu\n+00043190: 7265 2e0a 5468 6973 2064 6f63 756d 656e re..This documen\n+000431a0: 7420 646f 6573 202a 6e6f 742a 2063 6f76 t does *not* cov\n+000431b0: 6572 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 656e 7375 7265 er how to ensure\n+000431c0: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 2070 6c61 7466 that your platf\n+000431d0: 6f72 6d27 730a 6669 726d 7761 7265 2028 orm's.firmware (\n+000431e0: 652e 672e 2c20 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2920 e.g., Coreboot) \n+000431f0: 7661 6c69 6461 7465 7320 e280 9863 6f72 validates ...cor\n+00043200: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 e.img...... If\n+00043210: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00043220: 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 iable ...check_s\n+00043230: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2028 2a6e ignatures... (*n\n+00043240: 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ote check_signat\n+00043250: 7572 6573 3a3a 290a 6973 2073 6574 2074 ures::).is set t\n+00043260: 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992c o ...enforce...,\n+00043270: 2074 6865 6e20 6576 6572 7920 6174 7465 then every atte\n+00043280: 6d70 7420 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 mpt by the GRUB \n+00043290: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2074 ...core.img... t\n+000432a0: 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a61 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 o load.another f\n+000432b0: 696c 6520 e280 9866 6f6f e280 9920 696d ile ...foo... im\n+000432c0: 706c 6963 6974 6c79 2069 6e76 6f6b 6573 plicitly invokes\n+000432d0: 20e2 8098 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 ...verify_detac\n+000432e0: 6865 6420 666f 6f20 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 hed foo foo.sig.\n+000432f0: 8099 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 ...(*note verify\n+00043300: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 20e2 _detached::). .\n+00043310: 8098 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 206d 7573 ..foo.sig... mus\n+00043320: 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 6120 7661 6c69 t contain a vali\n+00043330: 6420 6469 6769 7461 6c0a 7369 676e 6174 d digital.signat\n+00043340: 7572 6520 6f76 6572 2074 6865 2063 6f6e ure over the con\n+00043350: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 tents of ...foo.\n+00043360: 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 .., which can be\n+00043370: 2076 6572 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2061 verified with a\n+00043380: 0a70 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 6375 7272 .public key curr\n+00043390: 656e 746c 7920 7472 7573 7465 6420 6279 ently trusted by\n+000433a0: 2047 5255 4220 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 GRUB (*note lis\n+000433b0: 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f t_trusted::, *no\n+000433c0: 7465 0a74 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 te.trust::, and \n+000433d0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a *note distrust::\n+000433e0: 292e 2020 4966 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f ). If validatio\n+000433f0: 6e20 6661 696c 732c 2074 6865 6e20 6669 n fails, then fi\n+00043400: 6c65 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 0a63 616e le ...foo....can\n+00043410: 6e6f 7420 6265 206f 7065 6e65 642e 2020 not be opened. \n+00043420: 5468 6973 2066 6169 6c75 7265 206d 6179 This failure may\n+00043430: 2068 616c 7420 6f72 206f 7468 6572 7769 halt or otherwi\n+00043440: 7365 2069 6d70 6163 7420 7468 6520 626f se impact the bo\n+00043450: 6f74 0a70 726f 6365 7373 2e0a 0a20 2020 ot.process... \n+00043460: 416e 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2074 7275 7374 An initial trust\n+00043470: 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 6361 ed public key ca\n+00043480: 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 7769 n be embedded wi\n+00043490: 7468 696e 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a e280 thin the GRUB...\n+000434a0: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2075 7369 .core.img... usi\n+000434b0: 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7075 626b ng the ...--pubk\n+000434c0: 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 ey... option to \n+000434d0: e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 ...grub-install.\n+000434e0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 .. (*note Invoki\n+000434f0: 6e67 0a67 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a ng.grub-install:\n+00043500: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2075 7365 :)... GRUB use\n+00043510: 7320 4750 472d 7374 796c 6520 6465 7461 s GPG-style deta\n+00043520: 6368 6564 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7320 ched signatures \n+00043530: 286d 6561 6e69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 6120 (meaning that a \n+00043540: 6669 6c65 0ae2 8098 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 file....foo.sig.\n+00043550: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 726f 6475 .. will be produ\n+00043560: 6365 6420 7768 656e 2066 696c 6520 e280 ced when file ..\n+00043570: 9866 6f6f e280 9920 6973 2073 6967 6e65 .foo... is signe\n+00043580: 6429 2c20 616e 6420 6375 7272 656e 746c d), and currentl\n+00043590: 790a 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 2044 y.supports the D\n+000435a0: 5341 2061 6e64 2052 5341 2073 6967 6e69 SA and RSA signi\n+000435b0: 6e67 2061 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 732e 2020 ng algorithms. \n+000435c0: 4120 7369 676e 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6361 A signing key ca\n+000435d0: 6e20 6265 0a67 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 n be.generated a\n+000435e0: 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 s follows:.. \n+000435f0: 2067 7067 202d 2d67 656e 2d6b 6579 0a0a gpg --gen-key..\n+00043600: 2020 2041 6e20 696e 6469 7669 6475 616c An individual\n+00043610: 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6967 file can be sig\n+00043620: 6e65 6420 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a ned as follows:.\n+00043630: 0a20 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6465 7461 . gpg --deta\n+00043640: 6368 2d73 6967 6e20 2f70 6174 682f 746f ch-sign /path/to\n+00043650: 2f66 696c 650a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 7375 /file.. For su\n+00043660: 6363 6573 7366 756c 2076 616c 6964 6174 ccessful validat\n+00043670: 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 4752 ion of all of GR\n+00043680: 5542 2773 2073 7562 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e UB's subcomponen\n+00043690: 7473 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a6c 6f61 6465 ts and the.loade\n+000436a0: 6420 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2074 6865 d OS kernel, the\n+000436b0: 7920 6d75 7374 2061 6c6c 2062 6520 7369 y must all be si\n+000436c0: 676e 6564 2e20 204f 6e65 2077 6179 2074 gned. One way t\n+000436d0: 6f20 6163 636f 6d70 6c69 7368 2074 6869 o accomplish thi\n+000436e0: 730a 6973 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 s.is the followi\n+000436f0: 6e67 2028 6166 7465 7220 6861 7669 6e67 ng (after having\n+00043700: 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2070 726f 6475 6365 already produce\n+00043710: 6420 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 e280 d the desired ..\n+00043720: 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 0a66 696c .grub.cfg....fil\n+00043730: 652c 2065 2e67 2e2c 2062 7920 7275 6e6e e, e.g., by runn\n+00043740: 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f ing ...grub-mkco\n+00043750: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 nfig... (*note I\n+00043760: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 nvoking grub-mkc\n+00043770: 6f6e 6669 673a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 onfig::):.. \n+00043780: 2320 4564 6974 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f # Edit /dev/shm/\n+00043790: 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 2074 passphrase.txt t\n+000437a0: 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 796f 7572 2073 o contain your s\n+000437b0: 6967 6e69 6e67 206b 6579 2773 2070 6173 igning key's pas\n+000437c0: 7370 6872 6173 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 sphrase. for\n+000437d0: 2069 2069 6e20 6066 696e 6420 2f62 6f6f i in `find /boo\n+000437e0: 7420 2d6e 616d 6520 222a 2e63 6667 2220 t -name \"*.cfg\" \n+000437f0: 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 222a 2e6c 7374 -or -name \"*.lst\n+00043800: 2220 2d6f 7220 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 202d \" -or \\. -\n+00043810: 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e 6d6f 6422 202d 6f72 name \"*.mod\" -or\n+00043820: 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 766d 6c69 6e75 7a2a -name \"vmlinuz*\n+00043830: 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 2269 6e69 \" -or -name \"ini\n+00043840: 7472 642a 2220 2d6f 7220 5c0a 2020 2020 trd*\" -or \\. \n+00043850: 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 6772 7562 656e -name \"gruben\n+00043860: 7622 603b 0a20 2020 2020 646f 0a20 2020 v\"`;. do. \n+00043870: 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6261 7463 6820 gpg --batch \n+00043880: 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 2d73 6967 6e20 2d2d --detach-sign --\n+00043890: 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2d66 6420 3020 passphrase-fd 0 \n+000438a0: 2469 203c 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 $i < \\. \n+000438b0: 2f64 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 7370 6872 /dev/shm/passphr\n+000438c0: 6173 652e 7478 740a 2020 2020 2064 6f6e ase.txt. don\n+000438d0: 650a 2020 2020 2073 6872 6564 202f 6465 e. shred /de\n+000438e0: 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 v/shm/passphrase\n+000438f0: 2e74 7874 0a0a 2020 2053 6565 2061 6c73 .txt.. See als\n+00043900: 6f3a 202a 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 636b 5f73 o: *note check_s\n+00043910: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 202a 6e6f ignatures::, *no\n+00043920: 7465 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 te verify_detach\n+00043930: 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 7472 7573 ed::, *note.trus\n+00043940: 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 745f t::, *note list_\n+00043950: 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 trusted::, *note\n+00043960: 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f distrust::, *no\n+00043970: 7465 206c 6f61 645f 656e 763a 3a2c 202a te load_env::, *\n+00043980: 6e6f 7465 0a73 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a2e note.save_env::.\n+00043990: 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2069 .. Note that i\n+000439a0: 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6174 nternally signat\n+000439b0: 7572 6520 656e 666f 7263 656d 656e 7420 ure enforcement \n+000439c0: 6973 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 is controlled by\n+000439d0: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 2065 6e76 setting.the env\n+000439e0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+000439f0: 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 e ...check_signa\n+00043a00: 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2065 7175 616c 2074 tures... equal t\n+00043a10: 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992e o ...enforce....\n+00043a20: 2020 5061 7373 696e 670a 6f6e 6520 6f72 Passing.one or\n+00043a30: 206d 6f72 6520 e280 982d 2d70 7562 6b65 more ...--pubke\n+00043a40: 79e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 y... options to \n+00043a50: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 ...grub-mkimage.\n+00043a60: 8099 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 746c 7920 6465 .. implicitly de\n+00043a70: 6669 6e65 730a e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 fines....check_s\n+00043a80: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2065 7175 ignatures... equ\n+00043a90: 616c 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 al to ...enforce\n+00043aa0: e280 9920 696e 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 ... in ...core.i\n+00043ab0: 6d67 e280 9920 7072 696f 7220 746f 2070 mg... prior to p\n+00043ac0: 726f 6365 7373 696e 670a 616e 7920 636f rocessing.any co\n+00043ad0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00043ae0: 732e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 s... Note that\n+00043af0: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2063 6865 636b signature check\n+00043b00: 696e 6720 646f 6573 202a 6e6f 742a 2070 ing does *not* p\n+00043b10: 7265 7665 6e74 2061 6e20 6174 7461 636b revent an attack\n+00043b20: 6572 2077 6974 680a 2873 6572 6961 6c2c er with.(serial,\n+00043b30: 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c2c 202e 2e2e 2920 physical, ...) \n+00043b40: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 6363 6573 7320 console access \n+00043b50: 6672 6f6d 2064 726f 7070 696e 6720 6d61 from dropping ma\n+00043b60: 6e75 616c 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 650a 4752 nually to the.GR\n+00043b70: 5542 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 6e64 2065 UB console and e\n+00043b80: 7865 6375 7469 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 xecuting:.. \n+00043b90: 7365 7420 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 set check_signat\n+00043ba0: 7572 6573 3d6e 6f0a 0a20 2020 546f 2070 ures=no.. To p\n+00043bb0: 7265 7665 6e74 2074 6869 732c 2070 6173 revent this, pas\n+00043bc0: 7377 6f72 642d 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e sword-protection\n+00043bd0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4175 7468 656e 7469 (*note Authenti\n+00043be0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 0a61 7574 686f cation and.autho\n+00043bf0: 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 6973 2065 risation::) is e\n+00043c00: 7373 656e 7469 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 ssential. Note \n+00043c10: 7468 6174 2065 7665 6e20 7769 7468 2047 that even with G\n+00043c20: 5255 4220 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a70 726f RUB password.pro\n+00043c30: 7465 6374 696f 6e2c 2047 5255 4220 6974 tection, GRUB it\n+00043c40: 7365 6c66 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 7072 6576 self cannot prev\n+00043c50: 656e 7420 736f 6d65 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 ent someone with\n+00043c60: 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6163 6365 7373 physical access\n+00043c70: 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 6d61 6368 696e 6520 to.the machine \n+00043c80: 6672 6f6d 2061 6c74 6572 696e 6720 7468 from altering th\n+00043c90: 6174 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2773 2066 6972 at machine's fir\n+00043ca0: 6d77 6172 6520 2865 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 mware (e.g., Cor\n+00043cb0: 6562 6f6f 7420 6f72 0a42 494f 5329 2063 eboot or.BIOS) c\n+00043cc0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 onfiguration to \n+00043cd0: 6361 7573 6520 7468 6520 6d61 6368 696e cause the machin\n+00043ce0: 6520 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 e to boot from a\n+00043cf0: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 0a28 6174 7461 different.(atta\n+00043d00: 636b 6572 2d63 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6429 cker-controlled)\n+00043d10: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4752 5542 2069 device. GRUB i\n+00043d20: 7320 6174 2062 6573 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f s at best only o\n+00043d30: 6e65 206c 696e 6b20 696e 2061 2073 6563 ne link in a sec\n+00043d40: 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2063 6861 696e 2e0a ure.boot chain..\n+00043d50: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00043d60: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 4546 4920 fo, Node: UEFI \n+00043d70: 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 secure boot and \n+00043d80: 7368 696d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 6563 shim, Next: Sec\n+00043d90: 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 ure Boot Advance\n+00043da0: 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 672c 2020 5072 d Targeting, Pr\n+00043db0: 6576 3a20 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 ev: Using digita\n+00043dc0: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 l signatures, U\n+00043dd0: 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e p: Security..19.\n+00043de0: 3320 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 3 UEFI secure bo\n+00043df0: 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d20 7375 7070 ot and shim supp\n+00043e00: 6f72 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ort.============\n 00043e10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00043e20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 ========..The GR\n-00043e30: 5542 2c20 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 20e2 UB, except the .\n-00043e40: 8098 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 ..chainloader...\n-00043e50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 776f 726b 7320 command, works \n-00043e60: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 with the UEFI se\n-00043e70: 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7468 cure.boot and th\n-00043e80: 6520 7368 696d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6675 e shim. This fu\n-00043e90: 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 6973 2070 nctionality is p\n-00043ea0: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 rovided by the s\n-00043eb0: 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 0a76 6572 6966 6965 him_lock.verifie\n-00043ec0: 722e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 r. It is built \n-00043ed0: 696e 746f 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 into the ...core\n-00043ee0: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 6973 2072 .img... and is r\n-00043ef0: 6567 6973 7465 7265 6420 6966 2074 6865 egistered if the\n-00043f00: 2055 4546 490a 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f UEFI.secure boo\n-00043f10: 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2054 t is enabled. T\n-00043f20: 6865 20e2 8098 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6be2 he ...shim_lock.\n-00043f30: 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 .. variable is s\n-00043f40: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e280 9920 7768 et to ...y... wh\n-00043f50: 656e 0a73 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2076 6572 en.shim_lock ver\n-00043f60: 6966 6965 7220 6973 2072 6567 6973 7465 ifier is registe\n-00043f70: 7265 642e 2020 4966 2069 7420 6973 2064 red. If it is d\n-00043f80: 6573 6972 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 5545 esired to use UE\n-00043f90: 4649 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2077 FI secure.boot w\n-00043fa0: 6974 686f 7574 2073 6869 6d2c 206f 6e65 ithout shim, one\n-00043fb0: 2063 616e 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2073 6869 can disable shi\n-00043fc0: 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2062 7920 6469 7361 626c m_lock by disabl\n-00043fd0: 696e 6720 7368 696d 0a76 6572 6966 6963 ing shim.verific\n-00043fe0: 6174 696f 6e20 7769 7468 204d 6f6b 5362 ation with MokSb\n-00043ff0: 5374 6174 6520 5545 4649 2076 6172 6961 State UEFI varia\n-00044000: 626c 6520 6f72 2062 7920 6275 696c 6469 ble or by buildi\n-00044010: 6e67 2067 7275 6220 696d 6167 650a 7769 ng grub image.wi\n-00044020: 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 6469 7361 626c 652d th ...--disable-\n-00044030: 7368 696d 2d6c 6f63 6be2 8099 206f 7074 shim-lock... opt\n-00044040: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c 2047 5255 ion... All GRU\n-00044050: 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 7374 B modules not st\n-00044060: 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9863 ored in the ...c\n-00044070: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 4f53 206b ore.img..., OS k\n-00044080: 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 4143 5049 0a74 6162 ernels, ACPI.tab\n-00044090: 6c65 732c 2044 6576 6963 6520 5472 6565 les, Device Tree\n-000440a0: 732c 2065 7463 2e20 2068 6176 6520 746f s, etc. have to\n-000440b0: 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 2c20 652e 672c be signed, e.g,\n-000440c0: 2075 7369 6e67 2050 4750 2e0a 4164 6469 using PGP..Addi\n-000440d0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 636f tionally, the co\n-000440e0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 6361 6e20 mmands that can \n-000440f0: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7562 7665 be used to subve\n-00044100: 7274 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 rt the UEFI secu\n-00044110: 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 6d65 6368 616e 6973 re.boot mechanis\n-00044120: 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 696f m, such as ...io\n-00044130: 7277 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 986d 656d rw... and ...mem\n-00044140: 7277 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 rw... will not b\n-00044150: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7768 656e e available when\n-00044160: 0a74 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 .the UEFI secure\n-00044170: 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 boot is enabled\n-00044180: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 . This is done \n-00044190: 666f 7220 7365 6375 7269 7479 2072 6561 for security rea\n-000441a0: 736f 6e73 2061 6e64 0a61 7265 2065 6e66 sons and.are enf\n-000441b0: 6f72 6365 6420 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 orced by the GRU\n-000441c0: 4220 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 206d 6563 6861 B Lockdown mecha\n-000441d0: 6e69 736d 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4c6f 636b nism (*note Lock\n-000441e0: 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 down::).....File\n-000441f0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00044200: 6465 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 de: Secure Boot \n-00044210: 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 Advanced Targeti\n-00044220: 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 6561 7375 ng, Next: Measu\n-00044230: 7265 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a red Boot, Prev:\n-00044240: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f UEFI secure boo\n-00044250: 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 2c20 2055 703a t and shim, Up:\n-00044260: 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3420 Security..19.4 \n-00044270: 456d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 Embedded informa\n-00044280: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6174 tion for generat\n-00044290: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2062 6173 6564 ion number based\n-000442a0: 2072 6576 6f63 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d revocation.====\n+00043e20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+00043e30: 4752 5542 2c20 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 GRUB, except the\n+00043e40: 20e2 8098 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 ...chainloader.\n+00043e50: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 776f 726b .. command, work\n+00043e60: 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 s with the UEFI \n+00043e70: 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 secure.boot and \n+00043e80: 7468 6520 7368 696d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 the shim. This \n+00043e90: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 6973 functionality is\n+00043ea0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 provided by the\n+00043eb0: 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 0a76 6572 6966 shim_lock.verif\n+00043ec0: 6965 722e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6275 696c ier. It is buil\n+00043ed0: 7420 696e 746f 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f t into the ...co\n+00043ee0: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 6973 re.img... and is\n+00043ef0: 2072 6567 6973 7465 7265 6420 6966 2074 registered if t\n+00043f00: 6865 2055 4546 490a 7365 6375 7265 2062 he UEFI.secure b\n+00043f10: 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 oot is enabled. \n+00043f20: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 The ...shim_loc\n+00043f30: 6be2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 k... variable is\n+00043f40: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e280 9920 set to ...y... \n+00043f50: 7768 656e 0a73 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2076 when.shim_lock v\n+00043f60: 6572 6966 6965 7220 6973 2072 6567 6973 erifier is regis\n+00043f70: 7465 7265 642e 2020 4966 2069 7420 6973 tered. If it is\n+00043f80: 2064 6573 6972 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 desired to use \n+00043f90: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 UEFI secure.boot\n+00043fa0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2073 6869 6d2c 206f without shim, o\n+00043fb0: 6e65 2063 616e 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2073 ne can disable s\n+00043fc0: 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2062 7920 6469 7361 him_lock by disa\n+00043fd0: 626c 696e 6720 7368 696d 0a76 6572 6966 bling shim.verif\n+00043fe0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7769 7468 204d 6f6b ication with Mok\n+00043ff0: 5362 5374 6174 6520 5545 4649 2076 6172 SbState UEFI var\n+00044000: 6961 626c 6520 6f72 2062 7920 6275 696c iable or by buil\n+00044010: 6469 6e67 2067 7275 6220 696d 6167 650a ding grub image.\n+00044020: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 6469 7361 626c with ...--disabl\n+00044030: 652d 7368 696d 2d6c 6f63 6be2 8099 206f e-shim-lock... o\n+00044040: 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c 2047 ption... All G\n+00044050: 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 RUB modules not \n+00044060: 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 stored in the ..\n+00044070: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 4f53 .core.img..., OS\n+00044080: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 4143 5049 0a74 kernels, ACPI.t\n+00044090: 6162 6c65 732c 2044 6576 6963 6520 5472 ables, Device Tr\n+000440a0: 6565 732c 2065 7463 2e20 2068 6176 6520 ees, etc. have \n+000440b0: 746f 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 2c20 652e to be signed, e.\n+000440c0: 672c 2075 7369 6e67 2050 4750 2e0a 4164 g, using PGP..Ad\n+000440d0: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 ditionally, the \n+000440e0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 6361 commands that ca\n+000440f0: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7562 n be used to sub\n+00044100: 7665 7274 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 vert the UEFI se\n+00044110: 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 6d65 6368 616e cure.boot mechan\n+00044120: 6973 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 ism, such as ...\n+00044130: 696f 7277 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 986d iorw... and ...m\n+00044140: 656d 7277 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 emrw... will not\n+00044150: 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7768 be available wh\n+00044160: 656e 0a74 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 en.the UEFI secu\n+00044170: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c re boot is enabl\n+00044180: 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e ed. This is don\n+00044190: 6520 666f 7220 7365 6375 7269 7479 2072 e for security r\n+000441a0: 6561 736f 6e73 2061 6e64 0a61 7265 2065 easons and.are e\n+000441b0: 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 6279 2074 6865 2047 nforced by the G\n+000441c0: 5255 4220 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 206d 6563 RUB Lockdown mec\n+000441d0: 6861 6e69 736d 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4c6f hanism (*note Lo\n+000441e0: 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ckdown::).....Fi\n+000441f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00044200: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f Node: Secure Boo\n+00044210: 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 t Advanced Targe\n+00044220: 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 6561 ting, Next: Mea\n+00044230: 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 sured Boot, Pre\n+00044240: 763a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 v: UEFI secure b\n+00044250: 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 2c20 2055 oot and shim, U\n+00044260: 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e p: Security..19.\n+00044270: 3420 456d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 4 Embedded infor\n+00044280: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2067 656e 6572 mation for gener\n+00044290: 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2062 6173 ation number bas\n+000442a0: 6564 2072 6576 6f63 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d ed revocation.==\n 000442b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000442c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000442d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000442e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-000442f0: 6520 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 e Secure Boot Ad\n-00044300: 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 vanced Targeting\n-00044310: 2028 5342 4154 2920 6973 2061 206d 6563 (SBAT) is a mec\n-00044320: 6861 6e69 736d 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 hanism to allow \n-00044330: 7468 650a 7265 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f the.revocation o\n-00044340: 6620 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2069 6e20 f components in \n-00044350: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2070 6174 6820 6279 the boot path by\n-00044360: 2075 7369 6e67 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f using generatio\n-00044370: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 730a 656d 6265 6464 n numbers.embedd\n-00044380: 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 4546 4920 ed into the EFI \n-00044390: 6269 6e61 7269 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2053 binaries. The S\n-000443a0: 4241 5420 6d65 7461 6461 7461 2069 7320 BAT metadata is \n-000443b0: 6c6f 6361 7465 6420 696e 2061 6e0a 2e73 located in an..s\n-000443c0: 6261 7420 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e bat data section\n-000443d0: 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 7365 7420 6f66 that has set of\n-000443e0: 2055 5446 2d38 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 UTF-8 strings a\n-000443f0: 7320 636f 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 s comma-separate\n-00044400: 640a 7661 6c75 6573 2028 4353 5629 2e20 d.values (CSV). \n-00044410: 5365 6520 3c68 7474 7073 3a2f 2f67 6974 See for.more \n-00044450: 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 details... To \n-00044460: 6164 6420 6120 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 add a data secti\n-00044470: 6f6e 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 on containing th\n-00044480: 6520 5342 4154 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 e SBAT informati\n-00044490: 6f6e 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 650a 6269 6e61 on into the.bina\n-000444a0: 7279 2c20 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6261 ry, the ...--sba\n-000444b0: 74e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 t... option of .\n-000444c0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 ..grub-mkimage..\n-000444d0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 . command should\n-000444e0: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2e0a 5468 6520 636f be used..The co\n-000444f0: 6e74 656e 7420 6f66 2061 2043 5356 2066 ntent of a CSV f\n-00044500: 696c 652c 2065 6e63 6f64 6564 2077 6974 ile, encoded wit\n-00044510: 6820 5554 462d 382c 2069 7320 636f 7069 h UTF-8, is copi\n-00044520: 6564 2061 7320 6973 2074 6f20 7468 650a ed as is to the.\n-00044530: 2e73 6261 7420 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 .sbat data secti\n-00044540: 6f6e 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6765 6e65 on into the gene\n-00044550: 7261 7465 6420 4546 4920 6269 6e61 7279 rated EFI binary\n-00044560: 2e20 2054 6865 2043 5356 2066 696c 6520 . The CSV file \n-00044570: 6361 6e20 6265 0a73 746f 7265 6420 616e can be.stored an\n-00044580: 7977 6865 7265 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6669 ywhere on the fi\n-00044590: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 le system... \n-000445a0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 6520 2d4f grub-mkimage -O\n-000445b0: 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6920 2d6f 2067 x86_64-efi -o g\n-000445c0: 7275 6278 3634 2e65 6669 202d 7020 2728 rubx64.efi -p '(\n-000445d0: 7466 7470 292f 6772 7562 2720 2d2d 7362 tftp)/grub' --sb\n-000445e0: 6174 2073 6261 742e 6373 7620 6566 696e at sbat.csv efin\n-000445f0: 6574 2074 6674 700a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a et tftp....File:\n-00044600: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00044610: 653a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 e: Measured Boot\n-00044620: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 , Next: Lockdow\n-00044630: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 6375 7265 n, Prev: Secure\n-00044640: 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 Boot Advanced T\n-00044650: 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2053 argeting, Up: S\n-00044660: 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3520 4d65 ecurity..19.5 Me\n-00044670: 6173 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d asuring boot com\n-00044680: 706f 6e65 6e74 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ponents.========\n+000442e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+000442f0: 5468 6520 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 The Secure Boot \n+00044300: 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 Advanced Targeti\n+00044310: 6e67 2028 5342 4154 2920 6973 2061 206d ng (SBAT) is a m\n+00044320: 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f echanism to allo\n+00044330: 7720 7468 650a 7265 766f 6361 7469 6f6e w the.revocation\n+00044340: 206f 6620 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2069 of components i\n+00044350: 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2070 6174 6820 n the boot path \n+00044360: 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2067 656e 6572 6174 by using generat\n+00044370: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 730a 656d 6265 ion numbers.embe\n+00044380: 6464 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 4546 dded into the EF\n+00044390: 4920 6269 6e61 7269 6573 2e20 2054 6865 I binaries. The\n+000443a0: 2053 4241 5420 6d65 7461 6461 7461 2069 SBAT metadata i\n+000443b0: 7320 6c6f 6361 7465 6420 696e 2061 6e0a s located in an.\n+000443c0: 2e73 6261 7420 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 .sbat data secti\n+000443d0: 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 7365 7420 on that has set \n+000443e0: 6f66 2055 5446 2d38 2073 7472 696e 6773 of UTF-8 strings\n+000443f0: 2061 7320 636f 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 as comma-separa\n+00044400: 7465 640a 7661 6c75 6573 2028 4353 5629 ted.values (CSV)\n+00044410: 2e20 5365 6520 3c68 7474 7073 3a2f 2f67 . See for.mor\n+00044450: 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 e details... T\n+00044460: 6f20 6164 6420 6120 6461 7461 2073 6563 o add a data sec\n+00044470: 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 tion containing \n+00044480: 7468 6520 5342 4154 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 the SBAT informa\n+00044490: 7469 6f6e 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 650a 6269 tion into the.bi\n+000444a0: 6e61 7279 2c20 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 nary, the ...--s\n+000444b0: 6261 74e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f66 bat... option of\n+000444c0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 ...grub-mkimage\n+000444d0: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7368 6f75 ... command shou\n+000444e0: 6c64 2062 6520 7573 6564 2e0a 5468 6520 ld be used..The \n+000444f0: 636f 6e74 656e 7420 6f66 2061 2043 5356 content of a CSV\n+00044500: 2066 696c 652c 2065 6e63 6f64 6564 2077 file, encoded w\n+00044510: 6974 6820 5554 462d 382c 2069 7320 636f ith UTF-8, is co\n+00044520: 7069 6564 2061 7320 6973 2074 6f20 7468 pied as is to th\n+00044530: 650a 2e73 6261 7420 6461 7461 2073 6563 e..sbat data sec\n+00044540: 7469 6f6e 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6765 tion into the ge\n+00044550: 6e65 7261 7465 6420 4546 4920 6269 6e61 nerated EFI bina\n+00044560: 7279 2e20 2054 6865 2043 5356 2066 696c ry. The CSV fil\n+00044570: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 0a73 746f 7265 6420 e can be.stored \n+00044580: 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f 6e20 7468 6520 anywhere on the \n+00044590: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 file system... \n+000445a0: 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 6520 grub-mkimage \n+000445b0: 2d4f 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6920 2d6f -O x86_64-efi -o\n+000445c0: 2067 7275 6278 3634 2e65 6669 202d 7020 grubx64.efi -p \n+000445d0: 2728 7466 7470 292f 6772 7562 2720 2d2d '(tftp)/grub' --\n+000445e0: 7362 6174 2073 6261 742e 6373 7620 6566 sbat sbat.csv ef\n+000445f0: 696e 6574 2074 6674 700a 0a1f 0a46 696c inet tftp....Fil\n+00044600: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00044610: 6f64 653a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f ode: Measured Bo\n+00044620: 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f63 6b64 ot, Next: Lockd\n+00044630: 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 6375 own, Prev: Secu\n+00044640: 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 re Boot Advanced\n+00044650: 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a Targeting, Up:\n+00044660: 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3520 Security..19.5 \n+00044670: 4d65 6173 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 2063 Measuring boot c\n+00044680: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d omponents.======\n 00044690: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000446a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2074 ======..If the t\n-000446b0: 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 pm module is loa\n-000446c0: 6465 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 706c 6174 ded and the plat\n-000446d0: 666f 726d 2068 6173 2061 2054 7275 7374 form has a Trust\n-000446e0: 6564 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 4d6f 6475 ed Platform.Modu\n-000446f0: 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2c20 4752 le installed, GR\n-00044700: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6c6f 6720 6561 6368 UB will log each\n-00044710: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 command execute\n-00044720: 6420 616e 6420 6561 6368 2066 696c 650a d and each file.\n-00044730: 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 loaded into the \n-00044740: 5450 4d20 6576 656e 7420 6c6f 6720 616e TPM event log an\n-00044750: 6420 6578 7465 6e64 2074 6865 2050 4352 d extend the PCR\n-00044760: 2076 616c 7565 7320 696e 2074 6865 2054 values in the T\n-00044770: 504d 0a63 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 PM.corresponding\n-00044780: 6c79 2e20 2041 6c6c 2065 7665 6e74 7320 ly. All events \n-00044790: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2069 will be logged i\n-000447a0: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 5043 5220 6465 7363 nto the PCR desc\n-000447b0: 7269 6265 6420 6265 6c6f 770a 7769 7468 ribed below.with\n-000447c0: 2061 2074 7970 6520 6f66 2045 565f 4950 a type of EV_IP\n-000447d0: 4c20 616e 6420 616e 2065 7665 6e74 2064 L and an event d\n-000447e0: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2061 7320 6465 escription as de\n-000447f0: 7363 7269 6265 6420 6265 6c6f 772e 0a0a scribed below...\n-00044800: 4576 656e 7420 7479 7065 2020 2020 2020 Event type \n-00044810: 2020 2020 2020 2050 4352 2020 2020 2044 PCR D\n-00044820: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d escription.-----\n+000446a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 ========..If the\n+000446b0: 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206c tpm module is l\n+000446c0: 6f61 6465 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 706c oaded and the pl\n+000446d0: 6174 666f 726d 2068 6173 2061 2054 7275 atform has a Tru\n+000446e0: 7374 6564 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 4d6f sted Platform.Mo\n+000446f0: 6475 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2c20 dule installed, \n+00044700: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6c6f 6720 6561 GRUB will log ea\n+00044710: 6368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2065 7865 6375 ch command execu\n+00044720: 7465 6420 616e 6420 6561 6368 2066 696c ted and each fil\n+00044730: 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 e.loaded into th\n+00044740: 6520 5450 4d20 6576 656e 7420 6c6f 6720 e TPM event log \n+00044750: 616e 6420 6578 7465 6e64 2074 6865 2050 and extend the P\n+00044760: 4352 2076 616c 7565 7320 696e 2074 6865 CR values in the\n+00044770: 2054 504d 0a63 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 TPM.correspondi\n+00044780: 6e67 6c79 2e20 2041 6c6c 2065 7665 6e74 ngly. All event\n+00044790: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 s will be logged\n+000447a0: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 5043 5220 6465 into the PCR de\n+000447b0: 7363 7269 6265 6420 6265 6c6f 770a 7769 scribed below.wi\n+000447c0: 7468 2061 2074 7970 6520 6f66 2045 565f th a type of EV_\n+000447d0: 4950 4c20 616e 6420 616e 2065 7665 6e74 IPL and an event\n+000447e0: 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2061 7320 description as \n+000447f0: 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 6265 6c6f 772e described below.\n+00044800: 0a0a 4576 656e 7420 7479 7065 2020 2020 ..Event type \n+00044810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 4352 2020 2020 PCR \n+00044820: 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d Description.---\n 00044830: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00044840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00044850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00044860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00044870: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a43 6f6d 6d61 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\n-000449b0: 746f 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c to a kernel will\n-000449c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00044960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2267 \"g\n+00044970: 7275 625f 636d 643a 2022 0a4b 6572 6e65 rub_cmd: \".Kerne\n+00044980: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2020 l command line \n+00044990: 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 416e 7920 636f 8 Any co\n+000449a0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2070 6173 7365 mmand line passe\n+000449b0: 6420 746f 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 d to a kernel wi\n+000449c0: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ll. \n 000449d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000449e0: 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 616e 6420 6d65 be logged and me\n-000449f0: 6173 7572 6564 2061 7320 656e 7465 7265 asured as entere\n-00044a00: 6420 7769 7468 2061 0a20 2020 2020 2020 d with a. \n+000449e0: 2020 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 616e 6420 be logged and \n+000449f0: 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2061 7320 656e 7465 measured as ente\n+00044a00: 7265 6420 7769 7468 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20e2 easure its own .\n-00044c20: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 2d20 ..core.img... - \n-00044c30: 6974 2069 7320 6578 7065 6374 6564 2074 it is expected t\n-00044c40: 6861 740a 6669 726d 7761 7265 2077 696c hat.firmware wil\n-00044c50: 6c20 6361 7272 7920 7468 6973 206f 7574 l carry this out\n-00044c60: 2e20 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2061 6c73 . GRUB will als\n-00044c70: 6f20 6e6f 7420 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 616e o not perform an\n-00044c80: 790a 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 2075 y.measurements u\n-00044c90: 6e74 696c 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 ntil the tpm mod\n-00044ca0: 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 ule is loaded. \n-00044cb0: 4173 2073 7563 6820 6974 2069 7320 7265 As such it is re\n-00044cc0: 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 640a 7468 6174 2074 commended.that t\n-00044cd0: 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6265 he tpm module be\n-00044ce0: 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 e280 9863 built into ...c\n-00044cf0: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 6f72 ore.img... in or\n-00044d00: 6465 7220 746f 2061 766f 6964 2061 0a70 der to avoid a.p\n-00044d10: 6f74 656e 7469 616c 2067 6170 2069 6e20 otential gap in \n-00044d20: 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e 7420 6265 7477 measurement betw\n-00044d30: 6565 6e20 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 een ...core.img.\n-00044d40: 8099 2062 6569 6e67 206c 6f61 6465 6420 .. being loaded \n-00044d50: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7470 6d0a 6d6f 6475 and the tpm.modu\n-00044d60: 6c65 2062 6569 6e67 206c 6f61 6465 642e le being loaded.\n-00044d70: 0a0a 2020 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 626f .. Measured bo\n-00044d80: 6f74 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 ot is currently \n-00044d90: 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f only supported o\n-00044da0: 6e20 4546 4920 616e 6420 4942 4d20 4945 n EFI and IBM IE\n-00044db0: 4545 3132 3735 0a50 6f77 6572 5043 2070 EE1275.PowerPC p\n-00044dc0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c latforms.....Fil\n-00044dd0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00044de0: 6f64 653a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 ode: Lockdown, \n-00044df0: 5072 6576 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 Prev: Measured B\n-00044e00: 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 oot, Up: Securi\n-00044e10: 7479 0a0a 3139 2e36 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 ty..19.6 Lockdow\n-00044e20: 6e20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 206f n when booting o\n-00044e30: 6e20 6120 7365 6375 7265 2073 6574 7570 n a secure setup\n-00044e40: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00044b30: 2020 2020 2020 2022 0a46 696c 6573 2020 \".Files \n+00044b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044b50: 3920 2020 2020 2020 416e 7920 6669 6c65 9 Any file\n+00044b60: 2072 6561 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 7769 read by GRUB wi\n+00044b70: 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 ll be logged and\n+00044b80: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00044b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044ba0: 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 measured with a \n+00044bb0: 6465 7363 7269 7074 6976 6520 7465 7874 descriptive text\n+00044bc0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00044bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044be0: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 746f corresponding to\n+00044bf0: 2074 6865 2066 696c 656e 616d 652e 0a0a the filename...\n+00044c00: 2020 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 GRUB will not\n+00044c10: 206d 6561 7375 7265 2069 7473 206f 776e measure its own\n+00044c20: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ...core.img... \n+00044c30: 2d20 6974 2069 7320 6578 7065 6374 6564 - it is expected\n+00044c40: 2074 6861 740a 6669 726d 7761 7265 2077 that.firmware w\n+00044c50: 696c 6c20 6361 7272 7920 7468 6973 206f ill carry this o\n+00044c60: 7574 2e20 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2061 ut. GRUB will a\n+00044c70: 6c73 6f20 6e6f 7420 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 lso not perform \n+00044c80: 616e 790a 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 any.measurements\n+00044c90: 2075 6e74 696c 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d until the tpm m\n+00044ca0: 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 642e odule is loaded.\n+00044cb0: 2020 4173 2073 7563 6820 6974 2069 7320 As such it is \n+00044cc0: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 640a 7468 6174 recommended.that\n+00044cd0: 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 the tpm module \n+00044ce0: 6265 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 e280 be built into ..\n+00044cf0: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 .core.img... in \n+00044d00: 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2061 766f 6964 2061 order to avoid a\n+00044d10: 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 616c 2067 6170 2069 .potential gap i\n+00044d20: 6e20 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e 7420 6265 n measurement be\n+00044d30: 7477 6565 6e20 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d tween ...core.im\n+00044d40: 67e2 8099 2062 6569 6e67 206c 6f61 6465 g... being loade\n+00044d50: 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7470 6d0a 6d6f d and the tpm.mo\n+00044d60: 6475 6c65 2062 6569 6e67 206c 6f61 6465 dule being loade\n+00044d70: 642e 0a0a 2020 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 d... Measured \n+00044d80: 626f 6f74 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c boot is currentl\n+00044d90: 7920 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 y only supported\n+00044da0: 206f 6e20 4546 4920 616e 6420 4942 4d20 on EFI and IBM \n+00044db0: 4945 4545 3132 3735 0a50 6f77 6572 5043 IEEE1275.PowerPC\n+00044dc0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 platforms.....F\n+00044dd0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00044de0: 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c Node: Lockdown,\n+00044df0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 Prev: Measured\n+00044e00: 2042 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 Boot, Up: Secu\n+00044e10: 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e36 204c 6f63 6b64 rity..19.6 Lockd\n+00044e20: 6f77 6e20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 own when booting\n+00044e30: 206f 6e20 6120 7365 6375 7265 2073 6574 on a secure set\n+00044e40: 7570 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d up.=============\n 00044e50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00044e60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n-00044e70: 6865 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6265 206c he GRUB can be l\n-00044e80: 6f63 6b65 6420 646f 776e 2077 6865 6e20 ocked down when \n-00044e90: 626f 6f74 6564 206f 6e20 6120 7365 6375 booted on a secu\n-00044ea0: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d re boot environm\n-00044eb0: 656e 742c 0a66 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 ent,.for example\n-00044ec0: 2069 6620 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 if the UEFI sec\n-00044ed0: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2069 7320 656e 6162 ure boot is enab\n-00044ee0: 6c65 642e 2020 4f6e 2061 206c 6f63 6b65 led. On a locke\n-00044ef0: 6420 646f 776e 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 d down.configura\n-00044f00: 7469 6f6e 2c20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2077 tion, the GRUB w\n-00044f10: 696c 6c20 6265 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 ill be restricte\n-00044f20: 6420 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 d and some opera\n-00044f30: 7469 6f6e 732f 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a63 tions/commands.c\n-00044f40: 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 2065 7865 6375 7465 annot be execute\n-00044f50: 642e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6c6f d... The ...lo\n-00044f60: 636b 646f 776e e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 ckdown... variab\n-00044f70: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 le is set to ...\n-00044f80: 79e2 8099 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 4752 y... when the GR\n-00044f90: 5542 2069 7320 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 6f77 UB is locked dow\n-00044fa0: 6e2e 0a4f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2069 7420 n..Otherwise it \n-00044fb0: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2065 7869 742e 0a0a does not exit...\n-00044fc0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00044fd0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f o, Node: Platfo\n-00044fe0: 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 rm limitations, \n-00044ff0: 204e 6578 743a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d Next: Platform-\n-00045000: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 specific operati\n-00045010: 6f6e 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 6375 ons, Prev: Secu\n-00045020: 7269 7479 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a rity, Up: Top..\n-00045030: 3230 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 20 Platform limi\n-00045040: 7461 7469 6f6e 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a tations.********\n-00045050: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-00045060: 0a47 5255 4232 2069 7320 6465 7369 676e .GRUB2 is design\n-00045070: 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2070 6f72 7461 626c ed to be portabl\n-00045080: 6520 616e 6420 6973 2061 6374 7561 6c6c e and is actuall\n-00045090: 7920 706f 7274 6564 2061 6372 6f73 730a y ported across.\n-000450a0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 2020 5765 2074 platforms. We t\n-000450b0: 7279 2074 6f20 6b65 6570 2061 6c6c 2070 ry to keep all p\n-000450c0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 7420 7468 6520 latforms at the \n-000450d0: 6c65 7665 6c2e 2020 556e 666f 7274 756e level. Unfortun\n-000450e0: 6174 656c 790a 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 ately.some platf\n-000450f0: 6f72 6d73 2061 7265 2062 6574 7465 7220 orms are better \n-00045100: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7468 616e 206f supported than o\n-00045110: 7468 6572 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 thers. This is \n-00045120: 6465 7461 696c 6564 2069 6e0a 6375 7272 detailed in.curr\n-00045130: 656e 7420 616e 6420 3220 666f 6c6c 6f77 ent and 2 follow\n-00045140: 696e 6720 7365 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 ing sections... \n-00045150: 2020 416c 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 All platforms \n-00045160: 6861 7665 2061 6e20 6172 7469 6669 6369 have an artifici\n-00045170: 616c 6c79 2047 5255 4220 696d 706f 7365 ally GRUB impose\n-00045180: 6420 6469 736b 2073 697a 6520 7265 7374 d disk size rest\n-00045190: 7269 6374 696f 6e0a 6f66 2031 2045 6942 riction.of 1 EiB\n-000451a0: 2e20 496e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 732c . In some cases,\n-000451b0: 206c 6172 6765 7220 6469 736b 2073 697a larger disk siz\n-000451c0: 6573 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2c20 es can be used, \n-000451d0: 6275 7420 6163 6365 7373 2077 696c 6c0a but access will.\n-000451e0: 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 not be allowed b\n-000451f0: 6579 6f6e 6420 3120 4569 422e 0a0a 2020 eyond 1 EiB... \n-00045200: 204c 554b 5332 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 LUKS2 devices w\n-00045210: 6974 6820 7369 7a65 206c 6172 6765 7220 ith size larger \n-00045220: 7468 616e 2031 3620 4569 4220 6172 6520 than 16 EiB are \n-00045230: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6e6f 740a 7375 currently not.su\n-00045240: 7070 6f72 7465 642e 2020 5468 6579 2063 pported. They c\n-00045250: 616e 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6372 6561 7465 an not be create\n-00045260: 6420 6173 2063 7279 7074 6f20 6465 7669 d as crypto devi\n-00045270: 6365 7320 6279 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 ces by cryptomou\n-00045280: 6e74 2c20 736f 0a63 616e 206e 6f74 2065 nt, so.can not e\n-00045290: 7665 6e20 6265 2070 6172 7469 616c 6c79 ven be partially\n-000452a0: 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2e20 204c 554b read from. LUK\n-000452b0: 5320 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6c69 6d69 7461 S have no limita\n-000452c0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6f74 6865 720a 7468 616e tions other.than\n-000452d0: 2074 686f 7365 2069 6d70 6f73 6564 2062 those imposed b\n-000452e0: 7920 7468 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 0a20 y the format... \n-000452f0: 2020 4152 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2069 ARC platform i\n-00045300: 7320 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6368 616e s unable to chan\n-00045310: 6765 2064 6174 6574 696d 6520 2866 6972 ge datetime (fir\n-00045320: 6d77 6172 6520 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7365 mware doesn't se\n-00045330: 656d 2074 6f0a 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6120 em to.provide a \n-00045340: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2069 7429 function for it)\n-00045350: 2e20 2045 4d55 2068 6173 2073 696d 696c . EMU has simil\n-00045360: 6172 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a ar limitation...\n-00045370: 2020 204f 6e20 454d 5520 706c 6174 666f On EMU platfo\n-00045380: 726d 206e 6f20 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 rm no serial por\n-00045390: 7420 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a t is available..\n-000453a0: 0a20 2020 436f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6368 6172 . Console char\n-000453b0: 7365 7420 7265 6665 7273 206f 6e6c 7920 set refers only \n-000453c0: 746f 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652d 6173 7369 to firmware-assi\n-000453d0: 7374 6564 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2e20 2067 sted console. g\n-000453e0: 6678 7465 726d 2069 730a 616c 7761 7973 fxterm is.always\n-000453f0: 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2028 7365 6520 496e Unicode (see In\n-00045400: 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 ternationalisati\n-00045410: 6f6e 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2069 on section for i\n-00045420: 7473 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 292e ts limitations).\n-00045430: 0a53 6572 6961 6c20 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 .Serial is confi\n-00045440: 6775 7261 626c 6520 746f 2055 5446 2d38 gurable to UTF-8\n-00045450: 206f 7220 4153 4349 4920 2873 6565 2049 or ASCII (see I\n-00045460: 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 nternationalisat\n-00045470: 696f 6e29 2e20 2049 6e0a 6361 7365 206f ion). In.case o\n-00045480: 6620 7165 6d75 2061 6e64 2063 6f72 6562 f qemu and coreb\n-00045490: 6f6f 7420 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 7265 oot ports the re\n-000454a0: 6665 7265 6420 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6973 fered console is\n-000454b0: 2076 6761 5f74 6578 742e 0a4c 6f6f 6e67 vga_text..Loong\n-000454c0: 736f 6e20 616c 7761 7973 2075 7365 7320 son always uses \n-000454d0: 6766 7874 6572 6d2e 0a0a 2020 204d 6f73 gfxterm... Mos\n-000454e0: 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6f6e 6520 6973 t limited one is\n-000454f0: 2041 5343 4949 2e20 4350 3433 3720 7072 ASCII. CP437 pr\n-00045500: 6f76 6964 6573 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 ovides additiona\n-00045510: 6c6c 790a 7073 6575 646f 6772 6170 6869 lly.pseudographi\n-00045520: 6373 2e20 2047 5255 4232 2064 6f65 736e cs. GRUB2 doesn\n-00045530: 2774 2075 7365 2061 6e79 206c 616e 6775 't use any langu\n-00045540: 6167 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2066 age characters f\n-00045550: 726f 6d20 4350 3433 3720 6173 0a6f 6674 rom CP437 as.oft\n-00045560: 656e 2043 5034 3337 2069 7320 7265 706c en CP437 is repl\n-00045570: 6163 6564 2062 7920 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c aced by national\n-00045580: 2065 6e63 6f64 696e 6720 636f 6d70 6174 encoding compat\n-00045590: 6962 6c65 206f 6e6c 7920 696e 0a70 7365 ible only in.pse\n-000455a0: 7564 6f67 7261 7068 6963 732e 2020 556e udographics. Un\n-000455b0: 6963 6f64 6520 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f73 icode is the mos\n-000455c0: 7420 7665 7273 6174 696c 6520 6368 6172 t versatile char\n-000455d0: 7365 7420 7768 6963 6820 7375 7070 6f72 set which suppor\n-000455e0: 7473 0a6d 616e 7920 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 ts.many language\n-000455f0: 732e 2020 486f 7765 7665 7220 7468 6520 s. However the \n-00045600: 6163 7475 616c 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206d actual console m\n-00045610: 6179 2062 6520 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 ay be much more \n-00045620: 6c69 6d69 7465 640a 6465 7065 6e64 696e limited.dependin\n-00045630: 6720 6f6e 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 0a20 g on firmware.. \n-00045640: 2020 4f6e 2042 494f 532c 206e 6574 776f On BIOS, netwo\n-00045650: 726b 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 rk is supported \n-00045660: 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 7468 6520 696d 6167 only if the imag\n-00045670: 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7468 726f e is loaded thro\n-00045680: 7567 680a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2e 2020 4f6e ugh.network. On\n-00045690: 2073 7061 7263 3634 2c20 4752 5542 2069 sparc64, GRUB i\n-000456a0: 7320 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6465 7465 s unable to dete\n-000456b0: 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 7365 7276 rmine which serv\n-000456c0: 6572 2069 7420 7761 730a 626f 6f74 6564 er it was.booted\n-000456d0: 2066 726f 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2044 6972 6563 from... Direc\n-000456e0: 7420 4154 412f 4148 4349 2073 7570 706f t ATA/AHCI suppo\n-000456f0: 7274 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 746f 2063 6972 rt allows to cir\n-00045700: 6375 6d76 656e 7420 7661 7269 6f75 7320 cumvent various \n-00045710: 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a6c 696d 6974 6174 firmware.limitat\n-00045720: 696f 6e73 2062 7574 2069 736e 2774 206e ions but isn't n\n-00045730: 6565 6465 6420 666f 7220 6e6f 726d 616c eeded for normal\n-00045740: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 operation excep\n-00045750: 7420 6f6e 2062 6172 656d 6574 616c 0a70 t on baremetal.p\n-00045760: 6f72 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4154 206b 6579 orts... AT key\n-00045770: 626f 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c board support al\n-00045780: 6c6f 7773 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6c61 lows keyboard la\n-00045790: 796f 7574 2072 656d 6170 7069 6e67 2061 yout remapping a\n-000457a0: 6e64 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 0a6b nd support for.k\n-000457b0: 6579 7320 6e6f 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c eys not availabl\n-000457c0: 6520 7468 726f 7567 6820 6669 726d 7761 e through firmwa\n-000457d0: 7265 2e20 2049 7420 6973 6e27 7420 6e65 re. It isn't ne\n-000457e0: 6564 6564 2066 6f72 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a eded for normal.\n-000457f0: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 operation except\n-00045800: 2062 6172 656d 6574 616c 2070 6f72 7473 baremetal ports\n-00045810: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5370 6561 6b65 7220 616c ... Speaker al\n-00045820: 6c6f 7773 206d 6f72 7365 2061 6e64 2073 lows morse and s\n-00045830: 706b 6d6f 6465 6d20 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 pkmodem communic\n-00045840: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2055 5342 2073 ation... USB s\n-00045850: 7570 706f 7274 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 upport provides \n-00045860: 6265 6e65 6669 7473 2073 696d 696c 6172 benefits similar\n-00045870: 2074 6f20 4154 4120 2866 6f72 2055 5342 to ATA (for USB\n-00045880: 2064 6973 6b73 2920 6f72 2041 540a 2866 disks) or AT.(f\n-00045890: 6f72 2055 5342 206b 6579 626f 6172 6473 or USB keyboards\n-000458a0: 292e 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 ). In addition \n-000458b0: 6974 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 5553 4273 6572 it allows USBser\n-000458c0: 6961 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2043 6861 696e 6c6f ial... Chainlo\n-000458d0: 6164 696e 6720 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 ading refers to \n-000458e0: 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 206c the ability to l\n-000458f0: 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 oad another boot\n-00045900: 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6872 6f75 6768 0a74 loader through.t\n-00045910: 6865 2073 616d 6520 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c he same protocol\n-00045920: 0a0a 2020 2048 696e 7473 2061 6c6c 6f77 .. Hints allow\n-00045930: 2066 6173 7465 7220 6469 736b 2064 6973 faster disk dis\n-00045940: 636f 7665 7279 2062 7920 616c 7265 6164 covery by alread\n-00045950: 7920 6b6e 6f77 696e 6720 696e 2061 6476 y knowing in adv\n-00045960: 616e 6365 2077 6869 6368 0a69 7320 7468 ance which.is th\n-00045970: 6520 6469 736b 2069 6e20 7175 6573 7469 e disk in questi\n-00045980: 6f6e 2e20 204f 6e20 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 on. On some pla\n-00045990: 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 696e 7473 2061 7265 tforms hints are\n-000459a0: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 correct unless \n-000459b0: 796f 750a 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 2064 6973 you.move the dis\n-000459c0: 6b20 6265 7477 6565 6e20 626f 6f74 732e k between boots.\n-000459d0: 2020 4f6e 206f 7468 6572 2070 6c61 7466 On other platf\n-000459e0: 6f72 6d73 2069 7427 7320 6a75 7374 2061 orms it's just a\n-000459f0: 6e20 6564 7563 6174 6564 0a67 7565 7373 n educated.guess\n-00045a00: 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2068 696e . Note that hin\n-00045a10: 7420 6661 696c 7572 6520 7265 7375 6c74 t failure result\n-00045a20: 7320 696e 206a 7573 7420 7265 6475 6365 s in just reduce\n-00045a30: 6420 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 652c 206e d performance, n\n-00045a40: 6f74 0a61 2066 6169 6c75 7265 0a0a 2020 ot.a failure.. \n-00045a50: 2042 6164 5241 4d20 6973 2074 6865 2061 BadRAM is the a\n-00045a60: 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6d61 726b 2073 bility to mark s\n-00045a70: 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2052 414d 2061 ome of the RAM a\n-00045a80: 7320 2262 6164 222e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 s \"bad\". Note: \n-00045a90: 6475 6520 746f 0a70 726f 746f 636f 6c20 due to.protocol \n-00045aa0: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6d69 7073 limitations mips\n-00045ab0: 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 2877 6974 6820 -loongson (with \n-00045ac0: 4c69 6e75 7820 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 Linux protocol) \n-00045ad0: 616e 640a 6d69 7073 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 and.mips-qemu_mi\n-00045ae0: 7073 2063 616e 2075 7365 206f 6e6c 7920 ps can use only \n-00045af0: 6d65 6d6f 7279 2075 7020 746f 2066 6972 memory up to fir\n-00045b00: 7374 2068 6f6c 652e 0a0a 2020 2042 6f6f st hole... Boo\n-00045b10: 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2061 6269 tlocation is abi\n-00045b20: 6c69 7479 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 lity of GRUB to \n-00045b30: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6465 automatically de\n-00045b40: 7465 6374 2077 6865 7265 2069 740a 626f tect where it.bo\n-00045b50: 6f74 7320 6672 6f6d 2e20 2022 6469 736b ots from. \"disk\n-00045b60: 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 6465 7465 \" means the dete\n-00045b70: 6374 696f 6e20 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 ction is limited\n-00045b80: 2074 6f20 6465 7465 6374 696e 6720 7468 to detecting th\n-00045b90: 6520 6469 736b 0a77 6974 6820 7061 7274 e disk.with part\n-00045ba0: 6974 696f 6e20 6265 696e 6720 6469 7363 ition being disc\n-00045bb0: 6f76 6572 6564 206f 6e20 696e 7374 616c overed on instal\n-00045bc0: 6c20 7469 6d65 2e20 2022 7061 7274 6974 l time. \"partit\n-00045bd0: 696f 6e22 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 740a ion\" means that.\n-00045be0: 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 746f disk and partito\n-00045bf0: 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 n can be automat\n-00045c00: 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 ically discovere\n-00045c10: 642e 2020 2266 696c 6522 206d 6561 6e73 d. \"file\" means\n-00045c20: 2074 6861 740a 626f 6f74 2069 6d61 6765 that.boot image\n-00045c30: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 7320 7765 file name as we\n-00045c40: 6c6c 2061 7320 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2070 ll as disk and p\n-00045c50: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 artition can be \n-00045c60: 6469 7363 6f76 6572 6564 2e0a 466f 7220 discovered..For \n-00045c70: 636f 6e73 6973 7465 6e63 792c 2064 6566 consistency, def\n-00045c80: 6175 6c74 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 676e ault install ign\n-00045c90: 6f72 6573 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2061 ores partition a\n-00045ca0: 6e64 2072 656c 6965 7320 736f 6c65 6c79 nd relies solely\n-00045cb0: 206f 6e0a 6469 736b 2064 6574 6563 7469 on.disk detecti\n-00045cc0: 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2062 6f6f 746c on. If no bootl\n-00045cd0: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 ocation discover\n-00045ce0: 7920 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f y is available o\n-00045cf0: 7220 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 0a67 7275 622d r boot and.grub-\n-00045d00: 726f 6f74 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 2064 root disks are d\n-00045d10: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2c20 5555 4944 2069 ifferent, UUID i\n-00045d20: 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e20 s used instead. \n-00045d30: 204f 6e20 4152 4320 6966 206e 6f0a 6465 On ARC if no.de\n-00045d40: 7669 6365 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 vice to install \n-00045d50: 746f 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c to is specified,\n-00045d60: 2055 5549 4420 6973 2075 7365 6420 696e UUID is used in\n-00045d70: 7374 6561 6420 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a0a stead as well...\n-00045d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 B\n-00045d90: 494f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f IOS Co\n-00045da0: 7265 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 204d 756c reboot Mul\n-00045db0: 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 5165 6d75 tiboot Qemu\n-00045dc0: 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .video \n-00045dd0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00045de0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00045df0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00045e00: 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 .console \n-00045e10: 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 CP437 C\n-00045e20: 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 P437 CP\n-00045e30: 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 437 CP4\n-00045e40: 3337 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 37.charset.netwo\n-00045e50: 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a rk yes (*\n-00045e60: 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 ) no \n-00045e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00045e80: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 no.ATA/AH\n-00045e90: 4349 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 CI yes \n-00045ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00045eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045ec0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4154 206b 6579 yes.AT key\n-00045ed0: 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 board yes \n-00045ee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00045ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f00: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 5370 6561 6b65 yes.Speake\n-00045f10: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 r yes \n-00045f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f30: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f40: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 5553 4220 2020 yes.USB \n-00045f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f70: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f80: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6368 6169 6e6c yes.chainl\n-00045f90: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 206c 6f63 616c 2020 oader local \n-00045fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00045fb0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045fc0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 7075 6964 2020 no.cpuid \n-00045fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n-00045fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n-00045ff0: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n-00046000: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 0a72 646d partial.rdm\n-00046010: 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 sr part\n-00046020: 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 ial parti\n-00046030: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 al partia\n-00046040: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c l partial\n-00046050: 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .wrmsr \n-00046060: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n-00046070: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n-00046080: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 rtial par\n-00046090: 7469 616c 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 tial.hints \n-000460a0: 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 guess \n-000460b0: 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n-000460c0: 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n-000460d0: 2067 7565 7373 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 guess.PCI \n-000460e0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000460f0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046100: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046110: 2020 2079 6573 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 yes.badram \n-00046120: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046130: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046140: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046150: 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 yes.compressi\n-00046160: 6f6e 2020 2020 616c 7761 7973 2020 2020 on always \n-00046170: 2020 2020 2070 6f69 6e74 6c65 7373 2020 pointless \n-00046180: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046190: 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 no.exit \n-000461a0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000461b0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000461c0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000461d0: 2020 6e6f 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f no.bootlocatio\n-000461e0: 6e20 2020 6469 736b 2020 2020 2020 2020 n disk \n-000461f0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046200: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046210: 206e 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.. \n-00046220: 2020 2020 6961 3332 2045 4649 2020 2020 ia32 EFI \n-00046230: 2020 2061 6d64 3634 2045 4649 2020 2020 amd64 EFI \n-00046240: 2020 6961 3332 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ia32 \n-00046250: 2049 7461 6e69 756d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 Itanium. \n+00044e60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00044e70: 0a54 6865 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6265 .The GRUB can be\n+00044e80: 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 646f 776e 2077 6865 locked down whe\n+00044e90: 6e20 626f 6f74 6564 206f 6e20 6120 7365 n booted on a se\n+00044ea0: 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 726f cure boot enviro\n+00044eb0: 6e6d 656e 742c 0a66 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 nment,.for examp\n+00044ec0: 6c65 2069 6620 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 le if the UEFI s\n+00044ed0: 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2069 7320 656e ecure boot is en\n+00044ee0: 6162 6c65 642e 2020 4f6e 2061 206c 6f63 abled. On a loc\n+00044ef0: 6b65 6420 646f 776e 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 ked down.configu\n+00044f00: 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 7468 6520 4752 5542 ration, the GRUB\n+00044f10: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2072 6573 7472 6963 will be restric\n+00044f20: 7465 6420 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7065 ted and some ope\n+00044f30: 7261 7469 6f6e 732f 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 rations/commands\n+00044f40: 0a63 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 2065 7865 6375 .cannot be execu\n+00044f50: 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 ted... The ...\n+00044f60: 6c6f 636b 646f 776e e280 9920 7661 7269 lockdown... vari\n+00044f70: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 able is set to .\n+00044f80: 8098 79e2 8099 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 ..y... when the \n+00044f90: 4752 5542 2069 7320 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 GRUB is locked d\n+00044fa0: 6f77 6e2e 0a4f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2069 own..Otherwise i\n+00044fb0: 7420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2065 7869 742e t does not exit.\n+00044fc0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00044fd0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 nfo, Node: Plat\n+00044fe0: 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 form limitations\n+00044ff0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 , Next: Platfor\n+00045000: 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 m-specific opera\n+00045010: 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 tions, Prev: Se\n+00045020: 6375 7269 7479 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 curity, Up: Top\n+00045030: 0a0a 3230 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 ..20 Platform li\n+00045040: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a mitations.******\n+00045050: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00045060: 2a0a 0a47 5255 4232 2069 7320 6465 7369 *..GRUB2 is desi\n+00045070: 676e 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2070 6f72 7461 gned to be porta\n+00045080: 626c 6520 616e 6420 6973 2061 6374 7561 ble and is actua\n+00045090: 6c6c 7920 706f 7274 6564 2061 6372 6f73 lly ported acros\n+000450a0: 730a 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 2020 5765 s.platforms. We\n+000450b0: 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6b65 6570 2061 6c6c try to keep all\n+000450c0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 7420 7468 platforms at th\n+000450d0: 6520 6c65 7665 6c2e 2020 556e 666f 7274 e level. Unfort\n+000450e0: 756e 6174 656c 790a 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 unately.some pla\n+000450f0: 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 7265 2062 6574 7465 tforms are bette\n+00045100: 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7468 616e r supported than\n+00045110: 206f 7468 6572 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 others. This i\n+00045120: 7320 6465 7461 696c 6564 2069 6e0a 6375 s detailed in.cu\n+00045130: 7272 656e 7420 616e 6420 3220 666f 6c6c rrent and 2 foll\n+00045140: 6f77 696e 6720 7365 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a owing sections..\n+00045150: 0a20 2020 416c 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d . All platform\n+00045160: 7320 6861 7665 2061 6e20 6172 7469 6669 s have an artifi\n+00045170: 6369 616c 6c79 2047 5255 4220 696d 706f cially GRUB impo\n+00045180: 7365 6420 6469 736b 2073 697a 6520 7265 sed disk size re\n+00045190: 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e0a 6f66 2031 2045 striction.of 1 E\n+000451a0: 6942 2e20 496e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 iB. In some case\n+000451b0: 732c 206c 6172 6765 7220 6469 736b 2073 s, larger disk s\n+000451c0: 697a 6573 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 izes can be used\n+000451d0: 2c20 6275 7420 6163 6365 7373 2077 696c , but access wil\n+000451e0: 6c0a 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 l.not be allowed\n+000451f0: 2062 6579 6f6e 6420 3120 4569 422e 0a0a beyond 1 EiB...\n+00045200: 2020 204c 554b 5332 2064 6576 6963 6573 LUKS2 devices\n+00045210: 2077 6974 6820 7369 7a65 206c 6172 6765 with size large\n+00045220: 7220 7468 616e 2031 3620 4569 4220 6172 r than 16 EiB ar\n+00045230: 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6e6f 740a e currently not.\n+00045240: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 2020 5468 6579 supported. They\n+00045250: 2063 616e 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6372 6561 can not be crea\n+00045260: 7465 6420 6173 2063 7279 7074 6f20 6465 ted as crypto de\n+00045270: 7669 6365 7320 6279 2063 7279 7074 6f6d vices by cryptom\n+00045280: 6f75 6e74 2c20 736f 0a63 616e 206e 6f74 ount, so.can not\n+00045290: 2065 7665 6e20 6265 2070 6172 7469 616c even be partial\n+000452a0: 6c79 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2e20 204c ly read from. L\n+000452b0: 554b 5320 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6c69 6d69 UKS have no limi\n+000452c0: 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6f74 6865 720a 7468 tations other.th\n+000452d0: 616e 2074 686f 7365 2069 6d70 6f73 6564 an those imposed\n+000452e0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a by the format..\n+000452f0: 0a20 2020 4152 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d . ARC platform\n+00045300: 2069 7320 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6368 is unable to ch\n+00045310: 616e 6765 2064 6174 6574 696d 6520 2866 ange datetime (f\n+00045320: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 646f 6573 6e27 7420 irmware doesn't \n+00045330: 7365 656d 2074 6f0a 7072 6f76 6964 6520 seem to.provide \n+00045340: 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2069 a function for i\n+00045350: 7429 2e20 2045 4d55 2068 6173 2073 696d t). EMU has sim\n+00045360: 696c 6172 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2e ilar limitation.\n+00045370: 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 454d 5520 706c 6174 .. On EMU plat\n+00045380: 666f 726d 206e 6f20 7365 7269 616c 2070 form no serial p\n+00045390: 6f72 7420 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ort is available\n+000453a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6368 ... Console ch\n+000453b0: 6172 7365 7420 7265 6665 7273 206f 6e6c arset refers onl\n+000453c0: 7920 746f 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652d 6173 y to firmware-as\n+000453d0: 7369 7374 6564 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2e20 sisted console. \n+000453e0: 2067 6678 7465 726d 2069 730a 616c 7761 gfxterm is.alwa\n+000453f0: 7973 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2028 7365 6520 ys Unicode (see \n+00045400: 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 Internationalisa\n+00045410: 7469 6f6e 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 tion section for\n+00045420: 2069 7473 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 its limitations\n+00045430: 292e 0a53 6572 6961 6c20 6973 2063 6f6e )..Serial is con\n+00045440: 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 746f 2055 5446 figurable to UTF\n+00045450: 2d38 206f 7220 4153 4349 4920 2873 6565 -8 or ASCII (see\n+00045460: 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 Internationalis\n+00045470: 6174 696f 6e29 2e20 2049 6e0a 6361 7365 ation). In.case\n+00045480: 206f 6620 7165 6d75 2061 6e64 2063 6f72 of qemu and cor\n+00045490: 6562 6f6f 7420 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 eboot ports the \n+000454a0: 7265 6665 7265 6420 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 refered console \n+000454b0: 6973 2076 6761 5f74 6578 742e 0a4c 6f6f is vga_text..Loo\n+000454c0: 6e67 736f 6e20 616c 7761 7973 2075 7365 ngson always use\n+000454d0: 7320 6766 7874 6572 6d2e 0a0a 2020 204d s gfxterm... M\n+000454e0: 6f73 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6f6e 6520 ost limited one \n+000454f0: 6973 2041 5343 4949 2e20 4350 3433 3720 is ASCII. CP437 \n+00045500: 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 6464 6974 696f provides additio\n+00045510: 6e61 6c6c 790a 7073 6575 646f 6772 6170 nally.pseudograp\n+00045520: 6869 6373 2e20 2047 5255 4232 2064 6f65 hics. GRUB2 doe\n+00045530: 736e 2774 2075 7365 2061 6e79 206c 616e sn't use any lan\n+00045540: 6775 6167 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 guage characters\n+00045550: 2066 726f 6d20 4350 3433 3720 6173 0a6f from CP437 as.o\n+00045560: 6674 656e 2043 5034 3337 2069 7320 7265 ften CP437 is re\n+00045570: 706c 6163 6564 2062 7920 6e61 7469 6f6e placed by nation\n+00045580: 616c 2065 6e63 6f64 696e 6720 636f 6d70 al encoding comp\n+00045590: 6174 6962 6c65 206f 6e6c 7920 696e 0a70 atible only in.p\n+000455a0: 7365 7564 6f67 7261 7068 6963 732e 2020 seudographics. \n+000455b0: 556e 6963 6f64 6520 6973 2074 6865 206d Unicode is the m\n+000455c0: 6f73 7420 7665 7273 6174 696c 6520 6368 ost versatile ch\n+000455d0: 6172 7365 7420 7768 6963 6820 7375 7070 arset which supp\n+000455e0: 6f72 7473 0a6d 616e 7920 6c61 6e67 7561 orts.many langua\n+000455f0: 6765 732e 2020 486f 7765 7665 7220 7468 ges. However th\n+00045600: 6520 6163 7475 616c 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 e actual console\n+00045610: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 may be much mor\n+00045620: 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 640a 6465 7065 6e64 e limited.depend\n+00045630: 696e 6720 6f6e 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a ing on firmware.\n+00045640: 0a20 2020 4f6e 2042 494f 532c 206e 6574 . On BIOS, net\n+00045650: 776f 726b 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 work is supporte\n+00045660: 6420 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 7468 6520 696d d only if the im\n+00045670: 6167 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7468 age is loaded th\n+00045680: 726f 7567 680a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2e 2020 rough.network. \n+00045690: 4f6e 2073 7061 7263 3634 2c20 4752 5542 On sparc64, GRUB\n+000456a0: 2069 7320 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6465 is unable to de\n+000456b0: 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 7365 termine which se\n+000456c0: 7276 6572 2069 7420 7761 730a 626f 6f74 rver it was.boot\n+000456d0: 6564 2066 726f 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2044 6972 ed from... Dir\n+000456e0: 6563 7420 4154 412f 4148 4349 2073 7570 ect ATA/AHCI sup\n+000456f0: 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 746f 2063 port allows to c\n+00045700: 6972 6375 6d76 656e 7420 7661 7269 6f75 ircumvent variou\n+00045710: 7320 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a6c 696d 6974 s firmware.limit\n+00045720: 6174 696f 6e73 2062 7574 2069 736e 2774 ations but isn't\n+00045730: 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f 7220 6e6f 726d needed for norm\n+00045740: 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 al operation exc\n+00045750: 6570 7420 6f6e 2062 6172 656d 6574 616c ept on baremetal\n+00045760: 0a70 6f72 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4154 206b .ports... AT k\n+00045770: 6579 626f 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 eyboard support \n+00045780: 616c 6c6f 7773 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 allows keyboard \n+00045790: 6c61 796f 7574 2072 656d 6170 7069 6e67 layout remapping\n+000457a0: 2061 6e64 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 and support for\n+000457b0: 0a6b 6579 7320 6e6f 7420 6176 6169 6c61 .keys not availa\n+000457c0: 626c 6520 7468 726f 7567 6820 6669 726d ble through firm\n+000457d0: 7761 7265 2e20 2049 7420 6973 6e27 7420 ware. It isn't \n+000457e0: 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 206e 6f72 6d61 needed for norma\n+000457f0: 6c0a 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6578 6365 l.operation exce\n+00045800: 7074 2062 6172 656d 6574 616c 2070 6f72 pt baremetal por\n+00045810: 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 5370 6561 6b65 7220 ts... Speaker \n+00045820: 616c 6c6f 7773 206d 6f72 7365 2061 6e64 allows morse and\n+00045830: 2073 706b 6d6f 6465 6d20 636f 6d6d 756e spkmodem commun\n+00045840: 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2055 5342 ication... USB\n+00045850: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2070 726f 7669 6465 support provide\n+00045860: 7320 6265 6e65 6669 7473 2073 696d 696c s benefits simil\n+00045870: 6172 2074 6f20 4154 4120 2866 6f72 2055 ar to ATA (for U\n+00045880: 5342 2064 6973 6b73 2920 6f72 2041 540a SB disks) or AT.\n+00045890: 2866 6f72 2055 5342 206b 6579 626f 6172 (for USB keyboar\n+000458a0: 6473 292e 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f ds). In additio\n+000458b0: 6e20 6974 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 5553 4273 n it allows USBs\n+000458c0: 6572 6961 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2043 6861 696e erial... Chain\n+000458d0: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7265 6665 7273 2074 loading refers t\n+000458e0: 6f20 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f o the ability to\n+000458f0: 206c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f load another bo\n+00045900: 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6872 6f75 6768 otloader through\n+00045910: 0a74 6865 2073 616d 6520 7072 6f74 6f63 .the same protoc\n+00045920: 6f6c 0a0a 2020 2048 696e 7473 2061 6c6c ol.. Hints all\n+00045930: 6f77 2066 6173 7465 7220 6469 736b 2064 ow faster disk d\n+00045940: 6973 636f 7665 7279 2062 7920 616c 7265 iscovery by alre\n+00045950: 6164 7920 6b6e 6f77 696e 6720 696e 2061 ady knowing in a\n+00045960: 6476 616e 6365 2077 6869 6368 0a69 7320 dvance which.is \n+00045970: 7468 6520 6469 736b 2069 6e20 7175 6573 the disk in ques\n+00045980: 7469 6f6e 2e20 204f 6e20 736f 6d65 2070 tion. On some p\n+00045990: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 696e 7473 2061 latforms hints a\n+000459a0: 7265 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2075 6e6c 6573 re correct unles\n+000459b0: 7320 796f 750a 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 2064 s you.move the d\n+000459c0: 6973 6b20 6265 7477 6565 6e20 626f 6f74 isk between boot\n+000459d0: 732e 2020 4f6e 206f 7468 6572 2070 6c61 s. On other pla\n+000459e0: 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 7427 7320 6a75 7374 tforms it's just\n+000459f0: 2061 6e20 6564 7563 6174 6564 0a67 7565 an educated.gue\n+00045a00: 7373 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2068 ss. Note that h\n+00045a10: 696e 7420 6661 696c 7572 6520 7265 7375 int failure resu\n+00045a20: 6c74 7320 696e 206a 7573 7420 7265 6475 lts in just redu\n+00045a30: 6365 6420 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 652c ced performance,\n+00045a40: 206e 6f74 0a61 2066 6169 6c75 7265 0a0a not.a failure..\n+00045a50: 2020 2042 6164 5241 4d20 6973 2074 6865 BadRAM is the\n+00045a60: 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6d61 726b ability to mark\n+00045a70: 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2052 414d some of the RAM\n+00045a80: 2061 7320 2262 6164 222e 2020 4e6f 7465 as \"bad\". Note\n+00045a90: 3a20 6475 6520 746f 0a70 726f 746f 636f : due to.protoco\n+00045aa0: 6c20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6d69 l limitations mi\n+00045ab0: 7073 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 2877 6974 ps-loongson (wit\n+00045ac0: 6820 4c69 6e75 7820 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c h Linux protocol\n+00045ad0: 2920 616e 640a 6d69 7073 2d71 656d 755f ) and.mips-qemu_\n+00045ae0: 6d69 7073 2063 616e 2075 7365 206f 6e6c mips can use onl\n+00045af0: 7920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2075 7020 746f 2066 y memory up to f\n+00045b00: 6972 7374 2068 6f6c 652e 0a0a 2020 2042 irst hole... B\n+00045b10: 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2061 ootlocation is a\n+00045b20: 6269 6c69 7479 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 bility of GRUB t\n+00045b30: 6f20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 o automatically \n+00045b40: 6465 7465 6374 2077 6865 7265 2069 740a detect where it.\n+00045b50: 626f 6f74 7320 6672 6f6d 2e20 2022 6469 boots from. \"di\n+00045b60: 736b 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 6465 sk\" means the de\n+00045b70: 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6973 206c 696d 6974 tection is limit\n+00045b80: 6564 2074 6f20 6465 7465 6374 696e 6720 ed to detecting \n+00045b90: 7468 6520 6469 736b 0a77 6974 6820 7061 the disk.with pa\n+00045ba0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6265 696e 6720 6469 rtition being di\n+00045bb0: 7363 6f76 6572 6564 206f 6e20 696e 7374 scovered on inst\n+00045bc0: 616c 6c20 7469 6d65 2e20 2022 7061 7274 all time. \"part\n+00045bd0: 6974 696f 6e22 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 ition\" means tha\n+00045be0: 740a 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 t.disk and parti\n+00045bf0: 746f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2061 7574 6f6d ton can be autom\n+00045c00: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6973 636f 7665 atically discove\n+00045c10: 7265 642e 2020 2266 696c 6522 206d 6561 red. \"file\" mea\n+00045c20: 6e73 2074 6861 740a 626f 6f74 2069 6d61 ns that.boot ima\n+00045c30: 6765 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 7320 ge file name as \n+00045c40: 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 6469 736b 2061 6e64 well as disk and\n+00045c50: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 partition can b\n+00045c60: 6520 6469 7363 6f76 6572 6564 2e0a 466f e discovered..Fo\n+00045c70: 7220 636f 6e73 6973 7465 6e63 792c 2064 r consistency, d\n+00045c80: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 efault install i\n+00045c90: 676e 6f72 6573 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e gnores partition\n+00045ca0: 2061 6e64 2072 656c 6965 7320 736f 6c65 and relies sole\n+00045cb0: 6c79 206f 6e0a 6469 736b 2064 6574 6563 ly on.disk detec\n+00045cc0: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2062 6f6f tion. If no boo\n+00045cd0: 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6469 7363 6f76 tlocation discov\n+00045ce0: 6572 7920 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ery is available\n+00045cf0: 206f 7220 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 0a67 7275 or boot and.gru\n+00045d00: 622d 726f 6f74 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 b-root disks are\n+00045d10: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2c20 5555 4944 different, UUID\n+00045d20: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 is used instead\n+00045d30: 2e20 204f 6e20 4152 4320 6966 206e 6f0a . On ARC if no.\n+00045d40: 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c device to instal\n+00045d50: 6c20 746f 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 l to is specifie\n+00045d60: 642c 2055 5549 4420 6973 2075 7365 6420 d, UUID is used \n+00045d70: 696e 7374 6561 6420 6173 2077 656c 6c2e instead as well.\n+00045d80: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n+00045d90: 2042 494f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BIOS \n+00045da0: 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 204d Coreboot M\n+00045db0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 5165 ultiboot Qe\n+00045dc0: 6d75 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 mu.video \n+00045dd0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045de0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045df0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+00045e00: 6573 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 es.console \n+00045e10: 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00045e20: 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00045e30: 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 CP437 C\n+00045e40: 5034 3337 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 P437.charset.net\n+00045e50: 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 work yes \n+00045e60: 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 (*) no \n+00045e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00045e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 412f no.ATA/\n+00045e90: 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 AHCI yes \n+00045ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00045ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4154 206b yes.AT k\n+00045ed0: 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 eyboard yes \n+00045ee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 5370 6561 yes.Spea\n+00045f10: 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 ker yes \n+00045f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 5553 4220 yes.USB \n+00045f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00045f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6368 6169 yes.chai\n+00045f90: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 206c 6f63 616c nloader local\n+00045fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045fb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00045fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 7075 6964 no.cpuid\n+00045fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 partia\n+00045fe0: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c l partial\n+00045ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n+00046000: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 0a72 partial.r\n+00046010: 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 dmsr pa\n+00046020: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 rtial par\n+00046030: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 tial part\n+00046040: 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 ial parti\n+00046050: 616c 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 al.wrmsr \n+00046060: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046070: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046080: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n+00046090: 6172 7469 616c 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 artial.hints \n+000460a0: 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 guess \n+000460b0: 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+000460c0: 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+000460d0: 2020 2067 7565 7373 0a50 4349 2020 2020 guess.PCI \n+000460e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+000460f0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046100: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046110: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 yes.badram \n+00046120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046130: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046140: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046150: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 yes.compres\n+00046160: 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 616c 7761 7973 2020 sion always \n+00046170: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6f69 6e74 6c65 7373 pointless\n+00046180: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046190: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 2020 no.exit \n+000461a0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000461b0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000461c0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000461d0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 no.bootlocat\n+000461e0: 696f 6e20 2020 6469 736b 2020 2020 2020 ion disk \n+000461f0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046200: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046210: 2020 206e 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.. \n+00046220: 2020 2020 2020 6961 3332 2045 4649 2020 ia32 EFI \n+00046230: 2020 2020 2061 6d64 3634 2045 4649 2020 amd64 EFI \n+00046240: 2020 2020 6961 3332 2020 2020 2020 2020 ia32 \n+00046250: 2020 2049 7461 6e69 756d 0a20 2020 2020 Itanium. \n 00046260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00046270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00046280: 2020 2020 2020 4945 4545 3132 3735 0a76 IEEE1275.v\n-00046290: 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ideo ye\n-000462a0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-000462b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-000462c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f no.co\n-000462d0: 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 nsole Uni\n-000462e0: 636f 6465 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 code Unic\n-000462f0: 6f64 6520 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 ode ASCII\n-00046300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 Unicod\n-00046310: 650a 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 e.charset.networ\n-00046320: 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 k yes \n-00046330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00046340: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046350: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4154 412f 4148 yes.ATA/AH\n-00046360: 4349 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 CI yes \n-00046370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00046380: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046390: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 no.AT keyb\n-000463a0: 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 oard yes \n-000463b0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000463c0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000463d0: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 no.Speaker \n-000463e0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000463f0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046400: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046410: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n-00046420: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046430: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046440: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046450: 2020 206e 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 no.chainloade\n-00046460: 7220 2020 206c 6f63 616c 2020 2020 2020 r local \n-00046470: 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 2020 2020 local \n-00046480: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046490: 2020 6c6f 6361 6c0a 6370 7569 6420 2020 local.cpuid \n-000464a0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n-000464b0: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n-000464c0: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n-000464d0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 no.rdmsr \n-000464e0: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n-000464f0: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n-00046500: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n-00046510: 2020 206e 6f0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 no.wrmsr \n-00046520: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n-00046530: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n-00046540: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00046550: 2020 6e6f 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 no.hints \n-00046560: 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 guess \n-00046570: 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n-00046580: 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n-00046590: 2067 7565 7373 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 guess.PCI \n-000465a0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000465b0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000465c0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000465d0: 2020 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 no.badram \n-000465e0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000465f0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046600: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046610: 2020 7965 730a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f yes.compressio\n-00046620: 6e20 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 n no \n-00046630: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046640: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046650: 2020 6e6f 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 no.exit \n-00046660: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046670: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046680: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046690: 2079 6573 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f yes.bootlocatio\n-000466a0: 6e20 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 n file \n-000466b0: 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n-000466c0: 2020 6669 6c65 2c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 file, \n-000466d0: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file. \n+00046280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4945 4545 3132 3735 IEEE1275\n+00046290: 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .video \n+000462a0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+000462b0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n+000462c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n+000462d0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2055 console U\n+000462e0: 6e69 636f 6465 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e nicode Un\n+000462f0: 6963 6f64 6520 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 icode ASC\n+00046300: 4949 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 II Unic\n+00046310: 6f64 650a 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 ode.charset.netw\n+00046320: 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 ork yes \n+00046330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00046340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4154 412f yes.ATA/\n+00046360: 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 AHCI yes \n+00046370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00046380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 no.AT ke\n+000463a0: 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yboard yes \n+000463b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+000463c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+000463d0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5370 6561 6b65 no.Speake\n+000463e0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 r yes \n+000463f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046400: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046410: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 2020 no.USB \n+00046420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046430: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046440: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046450: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 no.chainloa\n+00046460: 6465 7220 2020 206c 6f63 616c 2020 2020 der local \n+00046470: 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 2020 local \n+00046480: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046490: 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 6c0a 6370 7569 6420 local.cpuid \n+000464a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c partial\n+000464b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n+000464c0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n+000464d0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a72 646d 7372 2020 no.rdmsr \n+000464e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n+000464f0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n+00046500: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n+00046510: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 no.wrmsr \n+00046520: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n+00046530: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n+00046540: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n+00046550: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 no.hints \n+00046560: 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 guess \n+00046570: 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+00046580: 2020 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 good \n+00046590: 2020 2067 7565 7373 0a50 4349 2020 2020 guess.PCI \n+000465a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+000465b0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000465c0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000465d0: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 616d 2020 no.badram \n+000465e0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000465f0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046600: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046610: 2020 2020 7965 730a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 yes.compress\n+00046620: 696f 6e20 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 ion no \n+00046630: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046640: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046650: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 no.exit \n+00046660: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046670: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046680: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046690: 2020 2079 6573 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 yes.bootlocat\n+000466a0: 696f 6e20 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 ion file \n+000466b0: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 file \n+000466c0: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2c20 2020 2020 2020 file, \n+000466d0: 2020 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 file. \n 000466e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 000466f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00046700: 2020 2069 676e 6f72 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 ignored.. \n-00046710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f6f 6e67 Loong\n-00046720: 736f 6e20 2020 2020 2020 7370 6172 6336 son sparc6\n-00046730: 3420 2020 2020 2020 2050 6f77 6572 7063 4 Powerpc\n-00046740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4152 430a 7669 6465 ARC.vide\n-00046750: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 o yes \n-00046760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00046780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f no.conso\n-00046790: 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e2f 4120 2020 le N/A \n-000467a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 2020 ASCII \n-000467b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 4920 2020 ASCII \n-000467c0: 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 0a63 6861 ASCII.cha\n-000467d0: 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 rset.network \n-000467e0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000467f0: 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 yes (*) \n-00046800: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046810: 206e 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 no.ATA/AHCI \n-00046820: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046830: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046840: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046850: 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 no.AT keyboard \n-00046860: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046870: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046880: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046890: 6f0a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 o.Speaker \n-000468a0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000468b0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-000468c0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-000468d0: 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .USB \n-000468e0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n-000468f0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-00046900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n-00046910: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2079 chainloader y\n-00046920: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n-00046930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00046940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 no.c\n-00046950: 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f puid no\n-00046960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00046970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7264 no.rd\n-00046990: 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 msr no \n-000469a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-000469b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-000469c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a77 726d no.wrm\n-000469d0: 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 sr no \n-000469e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-000469f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6869 6e74 no.hint\n-00046a10: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 s good \n-00046a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 676f 6f64 2020 good \n-00046a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 good \n-00046a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a50 4349 2020 no.PCI \n-00046a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00046a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046a80: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 616d no.badram\n-00046a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 yes (*)\n-00046aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ab0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ac0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 no.compres\n-00046ad0: 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 sion configur\n-00046ae0: 6162 6c65 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 able no \n-00046af0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046b00: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c configurabl\n-00046b10: 650a 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e.exit \n-00046b20: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046b30: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00046b40: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00046b50: 730a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 s.bootlocation \n-00046b60: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046b70: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 2020 2020 2066 partition f\n-00046b80: 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 ile fi\n-00046b90: 6c65 2028 2a29 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 le (*).. \n-00046ba0: 2020 2020 2020 204d 4950 5320 7165 6d75 MIPS qemu\n-00046bb0: 2020 2020 2020 656d 7520 2020 2020 2020 emu \n-00046bc0: 2020 2020 2078 656e 0a76 6964 656f 2020 xen.video \n-00046bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046be0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046bf0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 no.console\n-00046c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 CP437 \n-00046c10: 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2028 Unicode (\n-00046c20: 2a29 2020 2020 4153 4349 490a 6368 6172 *) ASCII.char\n-00046c30: 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 set.network \n-00046c40: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c50: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046c60: 206e 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 no.ATA/AHCI \n-00046c70: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046c80: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c90: 206e 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 no.AT keyboard \n-00046ca0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046cb0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046cc0: 206e 6f0a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 no.Speaker \n-00046cd0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ce0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046cf0: 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n-00046d00: 2020 204e 2f41 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n-00046d10: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046d20: 206e 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 no.chainloader \n-00046d30: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046d40: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046d50: 2079 6573 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 yes.cpuid \n-00046d60: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046d70: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046d80: 2020 7965 730a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 yes.rdmsr \n-00046d90: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046da0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046db0: 2020 2079 6573 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 yes.wrmsr \n-00046dc0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046dd0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046de0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 yes.hints \n-00046df0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 guess \n-00046e00: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046e10: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5043 4920 2020 2020 no.PCI \n-00046e20: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046e30: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046e40: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 616d 2020 no.badram \n-00046e50: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 yes (*) \n-00046e60: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046e70: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 no.compress\n-00046e80: 696f 6e20 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ion configura\n-00046e90: 626c 6520 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 ble no \n-00046ea0: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 2020 no.exit \n-00046eb0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ec0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046ed0: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 no.bootloca\n-00046ee0: 7469 6f6e 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 tion no \n-00046ef0: 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 file \n-00046f00: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a no....File:\n-00046f10: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00046f20: 653a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 e: Platform-spec\n-00046f30: 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732c ific operations,\n-00046f40: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 Next: Supporte\n-00046f50: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2020 5072 6576 d kernels, Prev\n-00046f60: 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 : Platform limit\n-00046f70: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 ations, Up: Top\n-00046f80: 0a0a 3231 204f 7574 6c69 6e65 0a2a 2a2a ..21 Outline.***\n-00046f90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 706c *******..Some pl\n-00046fa0: 6174 666f 726d 7320 6861 7665 2066 6561 atforms have fea\n-00046fb0: 7475 7265 7320 7768 6963 6820 616c 6c6f tures which allo\n-00046fc0: 7773 2074 6f20 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 ws to implement \n-00046fd0: 736f 6d65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 7573 some commands.us\n-00046fe0: 656c 6573 7320 6f72 206e 6f74 2069 6d70 eless or not imp\n-00046ff0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 6f74 lementable on ot\n-00047000: 6865 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 5175 6963 6b20 hers... Quick \n-00047010: 7375 6d6d 6172 793a 0a0a 2020 2049 6e66 summary:.. Inf\n-00047020: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 7269 6576 ormation retriev\n-00047030: 616c 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 al:.. ... mips\n-00047040: 656c 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e3a 206c 7373 el-loongson: lss\n-00047050: 7064 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 2d61 pd. ... mips-a\n-00047060: 7263 3a20 6c73 6465 760a 2020 20e2 80a2 rc: lsdev. ...\n-00047070: 2065 6669 3a20 6c73 6566 6973 7973 7461 efi: lsefisysta\n-00047080: 622c 206c 7373 616c 2c20 6c73 6566 696d b, lssal, lsefim\n-00047090: 6d61 702c 206c 7365 6669 0a20 2020 e280 map, lsefi. ..\n-000470a0: a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a 206c 7361 706d . i386-pc: lsapm\n-000470b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 . ... i386-cor\n-000470c0: 6562 6f6f 743a 206c 7363 6f72 6562 6f6f eboot: lscoreboo\n-000470d0: 742c 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 745f 626f 6f74 t, coreboot_boot\n-000470e0: 7469 6d65 2c20 6362 6d65 6d63 0a20 2020 time, cbmemc. \n-000470f0: e280 a220 6163 7069 2d65 6e61 626c 6564 ... acpi-enabled\n-00047100: 2028 6933 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d (i386-pc, i386-\n-00047110: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d coreboot, i386-m\n-00047120: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 6929 ultiboot, *-efi)\n-00047130: 3a0a 2020 2020 206c 7361 6370 690a 0a20 :. lsacpi.. \n-00047140: 2020 576f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 7320 666f Workarounds fo\n-00047150: 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 r platform-speci\n-00047160: 6669 6320 6973 7375 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 fic issues:. .\n-00047170: 80a2 2069 3338 362d 6566 692f 7838 365f .. i386-efi/x86_\n-00047180: 3634 2d65 6669 3a20 6c6f 6164 6269 6f73 64-efi: loadbios\n-00047190: 2c20 6661 6b65 6269 6f73 2c20 6669 785f , fakebios, fix_\n-000471a0: 7669 6465 6f0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 6370 video. ... acp\n-000471b0: 692d 656e 6162 6c65 6420 2869 3338 362d i-enabled (i386-\n-000471c0: 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f pc, i386-coreboo\n-000471d0: 742c 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f t, i386-multiboo\n-000471e0: 742c 202a 2d65 6669 293a 2061 6370 690a t, *-efi): acpi.\n-000471f0: 2020 2020 2028 6f76 6572 7269 6465 2041 (override A\n-00047200: 4350 4920 7461 626c 6573 290a 2020 20e2 CPI tables). .\n-00047210: 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 6472 6976 .. i386-pc: driv\n-00047220: 656d 6170 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 emap. ... i386\n-00047230: 2d70 633a 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a0a 2020 -pc: sendkey.. \n-00047240: 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 6f70 6572 6174 Advanced operat\n-00047250: 696f 6e73 2066 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2075 ions for power u\n-00047260: 7365 7273 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2078 3836 sers:. ... x86\n-00047270: 3a20 696f 7277 2028 6469 7265 6374 2061 : iorw (direct a\n-00047280: 6363 6573 7320 746f 2049 2f4f 2070 6f72 ccess to I/O por\n-00047290: 7473 290a 0a20 2020 4d69 7363 656c 616e ts).. Miscelan\n-000472a0: 656f 7573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 6d6f eous:. ... cmo\n-000472b0: 7320 2878 3836 2d2a 2c20 6965 6565 3132 s (x86-*, ieee12\n-000472c0: 3735 2c20 6d69 7073 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 75, mips-qemu_mi\n-000472d0: 7073 2c20 6d69 7073 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f ps, mips-loongso\n-000472e0: 6e29 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 0a20 2020 n): cmostest. \n-000472f0: 2020 2875 7365 6420 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 (used on some \n-00047300: 6c61 7074 6f70 7320 746f 2063 6865 636b laptops to check\n-00047310: 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 616c 2070 6f77 for special pow\n-00047320: 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7929 2c20 636d 6f73 er-on key), cmos\n-00047330: 636c 6561 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 clean. ... i38\n-00047340: 362d 7063 3a20 706c 6179 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6-pc: play....Fi\n-00047350: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00047360: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 Node: Supported \n-00047370: 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 kernels, Next: \n-00047380: 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 672c Troubleshooting,\n-00047390: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d Prev: Platform\n-000473a0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 -specific operat\n-000473b0: 696f 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a ions, Up: Top..\n-000473c0: 3232 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 6f6f 22 Supported boo\n-000473d0: 7420 7461 7267 6574 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a t targets.******\n+00046700: 2020 2020 2069 676e 6f72 6564 0a0a 2020 ignored.. \n+00046710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f6f Loo\n+00046720: 6e67 736f 6e20 2020 2020 2020 7370 6172 ngson spar\n+00046730: 6336 3420 2020 2020 2020 2050 6f77 6572 c64 Power\n+00046740: 7063 2020 2020 2020 2020 4152 430a 7669 pc ARC.vi\n+00046750: 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 deo yes\n+00046760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+00046770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00046780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e no.con\n+00046790: 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e2f 4120 sole N/A \n+000467a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 ASCII\n+000467b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 4920 ASCII \n+000467c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 0a63 ASCII.c\n+000467d0: 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 harset.network \n+000467e0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000467f0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 yes (*) \n+00046800: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046810: 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 no.ATA/AHCI \n+00046820: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046830: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046840: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046850: 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 no.AT keyboard\n+00046860: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046870: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046880: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046890: 206e 6f0a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 no.Speaker \n+000468a0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000468b0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000468c0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000468d0: 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n+000468e0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000468f0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046900: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046910: 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 o.chainloader \n+00046920: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046930: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046940: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046950: 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .cpuid \n+00046960: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046970: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n+00046990: 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e rdmsr n\n+000469a0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+000469b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+000469c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a77 no.w\n+000469d0: 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f rmsr no\n+000469e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+000469f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+00046a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6869 no.hi\n+00046a10: 6e74 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f nts goo\n+00046a20: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 676f 6f64 d good\n+00046a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 good \n+00046a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a50 4349 no.PCI\n+00046a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+00046a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 no.badr\n+00046a90: 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 am yes (\n+00046aa0: 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 *) no \n+00046ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+00046ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7072 no.compr\n+00046ad0: 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 ession config\n+00046ae0: 7572 6162 6c65 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 urable no \n+00046af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046b00: 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 configura\n+00046b10: 626c 650a 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 ble.exit \n+00046b20: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046b30: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046b40: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046b50: 7965 730a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e yes.bootlocation\n+00046b60: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046b70: 2020 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 2020 2020 partition \n+00046b80: 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n+00046b90: 6669 6c65 2028 2a29 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 file (*).. \n+00046ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 4950 5320 7165 MIPS qe\n+00046bb0: 6d75 2020 2020 2020 656d 7520 2020 2020 mu emu \n+00046bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2078 656e 0a76 6964 656f xen.video\n+00046bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f no.conso\n+00046c00: 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 le CP437 \n+00046c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 Unicode\n+00046c20: 2028 2a29 2020 2020 4153 4349 490a 6368 (*) ASCII.ch\n+00046c30: 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 arset.network \n+00046c40: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c50: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046c60: 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 no.ATA/AHCI \n+00046c70: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046c80: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c90: 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 no.AT keyboar\n+00046ca0: 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 d yes \n+00046cb0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046cc0: 2020 206e 6f0a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 no.Speaker \n+00046cd0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046ce0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046cf0: 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n+00046d00: 2020 2020 204e 2f41 2020 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n+00046d10: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046d20: 2020 206e 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 no.chainloade\n+00046d30: 7220 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 r yes \n+00046d40: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046d50: 2020 2079 6573 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 yes.cpuid \n+00046d60: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046d70: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046d80: 2020 2020 7965 730a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 yes.rdmsr \n+00046d90: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046da0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046db0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a77 726d 7372 2020 yes.wrmsr \n+00046dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046dd0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046de0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6869 6e74 7320 yes.hints \n+00046df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 guess \n+00046e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046e10: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5043 4920 2020 no.PCI \n+00046e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+00046e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046e40: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 616d no.badram\n+00046e50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 yes (*)\n+00046e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046e70: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 7265 no.compre\n+00046e80: 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ssion configu\n+00046e90: 7261 626c 6520 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 rable no \n+00046ea0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 no.exit \n+00046eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+00046ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046ed0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 626f 6f74 6c6f no.bootlo\n+00046ee0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 cation no \n+00046ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 file \n+00046f00: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 0a1f 0a46 696c no....Fil\n+00046f10: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00046f20: 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 ode: Platform-sp\n+00046f30: 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e ecific operation\n+00046f40: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 s, Next: Suppor\n+00046f50: 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2020 5072 ted kernels, Pr\n+00046f60: 6576 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d ev: Platform lim\n+00046f70: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 2054 itations, Up: T\n+00046f80: 6f70 0a0a 3231 204f 7574 6c69 6e65 0a2a op..21 Outline.*\n+00046f90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 *********..Some \n+00046fa0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6861 7665 2066 platforms have f\n+00046fb0: 6561 7475 7265 7320 7768 6963 6820 616c eatures which al\n+00046fc0: 6c6f 7773 2074 6f20 696d 706c 656d 656e lows to implemen\n+00046fd0: 7420 736f 6d65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a t some commands.\n+00046fe0: 7573 656c 6573 7320 6f72 206e 6f74 2069 useless or not i\n+00046ff0: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 mplementable on \n+00047000: 6f74 6865 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 5175 6963 others... Quic\n+00047010: 6b20 7375 6d6d 6172 793a 0a0a 2020 2049 k summary:.. I\n+00047020: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 7269 nformation retri\n+00047030: 6576 616c 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d69 eval:.. ... mi\n+00047040: 7073 656c 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e3a 206c psel-loongson: l\n+00047050: 7373 7064 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 sspd. ... mips\n+00047060: 2d61 7263 3a20 6c73 6465 760a 2020 20e2 -arc: lsdev. .\n+00047070: 80a2 2065 6669 3a20 6c73 6566 6973 7973 .. efi: lsefisys\n+00047080: 7461 622c 206c 7373 616c 2c20 6c73 6566 tab, lssal, lsef\n+00047090: 696d 6d61 702c 206c 7365 6669 0a20 2020 immap, lsefi. \n+000470a0: e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a 206c 7361 ... i386-pc: lsa\n+000470b0: 706d 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d63 pm. ... i386-c\n+000470c0: 6f72 6562 6f6f 743a 206c 7363 6f72 6562 oreboot: lscoreb\n+000470d0: 6f6f 742c 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 745f 626f oot, coreboot_bo\n+000470e0: 6f74 7469 6d65 2c20 6362 6d65 6d63 0a20 ottime, cbmemc. \n+000470f0: 2020 e280 a220 6163 7069 2d65 6e61 626c ... acpi-enabl\n+00047100: 6564 2028 6933 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 ed (i386-pc, i38\n+00047110: 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 6-coreboot, i386\n+00047120: 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 -multiboot, *-ef\n+00047130: 6929 3a0a 2020 2020 206c 7361 6370 690a i):. lsacpi.\n+00047140: 0a20 2020 576f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 7320 . Workarounds \n+00047150: 666f 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 for platform-spe\n+00047160: 6369 6669 6320 6973 7375 6573 3a0a 2020 cific issues:. \n+00047170: 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 6566 692f 7838 ... i386-efi/x8\n+00047180: 365f 3634 2d65 6669 3a20 6c6f 6164 6269 6_64-efi: loadbi\n+00047190: 6f73 2c20 6661 6b65 6269 6f73 2c20 6669 os, fakebios, fi\n+000471a0: 785f 7669 6465 6f0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 x_video. ... a\n+000471b0: 6370 692d 656e 6162 6c65 6420 2869 3338 cpi-enabled (i38\n+000471c0: 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6-pc, i386-coreb\n+000471d0: 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 oot, i386-multib\n+000471e0: 6f6f 742c 202a 2d65 6669 293a 2061 6370 oot, *-efi): acp\n+000471f0: 690a 2020 2020 2028 6f76 6572 7269 6465 i. (override\n+00047200: 2041 4350 4920 7461 626c 6573 290a 2020 ACPI tables). \n+00047210: 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 6472 ... i386-pc: dr\n+00047220: 6976 656d 6170 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 ivemap. ... i3\n+00047230: 3836 2d70 633a 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a0a 86-pc: sendkey..\n+00047240: 2020 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 6f70 6572 Advanced oper\n+00047250: 6174 696f 6e73 2066 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 ations for power\n+00047260: 2075 7365 7273 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2078 users:. ... x\n+00047270: 3836 3a20 696f 7277 2028 6469 7265 6374 86: iorw (direct\n+00047280: 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2049 2f4f 2070 access to I/O p\n+00047290: 6f72 7473 290a 0a20 2020 4d69 7363 656c orts).. Miscel\n+000472a0: 616e 656f 7573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 aneous:. ... c\n+000472b0: 6d6f 7320 2878 3836 2d2a 2c20 6965 6565 mos (x86-*, ieee\n+000472c0: 3132 3735 2c20 6d69 7073 2d71 656d 755f 1275, mips-qemu_\n+000472d0: 6d69 7073 2c20 6d69 7073 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 mips, mips-loong\n+000472e0: 736f 6e29 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 0a20 son): cmostest. \n+000472f0: 2020 2020 2875 7365 6420 6f6e 2073 6f6d (used on som\n+00047300: 6520 6c61 7074 6f70 7320 746f 2063 6865 e laptops to che\n+00047310: 636b 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 616c 2070 ck for special p\n+00047320: 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7929 2c20 636d ower-on key), cm\n+00047330: 6f73 636c 6561 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 osclean. ... i\n+00047340: 3338 362d 7063 3a20 706c 6179 0a0a 1f0a 386-pc: play....\n+00047350: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00047360: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 Node: Supporte\n+00047370: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2020 4e65 7874 d kernels, Next\n+00047380: 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e : Troubleshootin\n+00047390: 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 506c 6174 666f g, Prev: Platfo\n+000473a0: 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 rm-specific oper\n+000473b0: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 ations, Up: Top\n+000473c0: 0a0a 3232 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 ..22 Supported b\n+000473d0: 6f6f 7420 7461 7267 6574 730a 2a2a 2a2a oot targets.****\n 000473e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000473f0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a58 3836 2073 7570 706f 7274 ***..X86 support\n-00047400: 2069 7320 7375 6d6d 6172 6973 6564 2069 is summarised i\n-00047410: 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 n the following \n-00047420: 7461 626c 652e 2020 2259 6573 2220 6d65 table. \"Yes\" me\n-00047430: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a6b 6572 ans that the.ker\n-00047440: 6e65 6c20 776f 726b 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 nel works on the\n-00047450: 2067 6976 656e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c given platform,\n-00047460: 2022 6372 6173 6865 7322 206d 6561 6e73 \"crashes\" means\n-00047470: 2061 6e20 6561 726c 7920 6b65 726e 656c an early kernel\n-00047480: 0a63 7261 7368 2077 6869 6368 2077 6520 .crash which we \n-00047490: 686f 7065 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6978 hope will be fix\n-000474a0: 6564 2062 7920 636f 6e63 6572 6e65 6420 ed by concerned \n-000474b0: 6b65 726e 656c 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 kernel developer\n-000474c0: 732e 2020 226e 6f22 0a6d 6561 6e73 2047 s. \"no\".means G\n-000474d0: 5255 4220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6c6f 6164 RUB doesn't load\n-000474e0: 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e 206b 6572 6e65 the given kerne\n-000474f0: 6c20 6f6e 2061 2067 6976 656e 2070 6c61 l on a given pla\n-00047500: 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a22 6865 6164 6c65 7373 tform..\"headless\n-00047510: 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 \" means that the\n-00047520: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 776f 726b 7320 6275 kernel works bu\n-00047530: 7420 6c61 636b 7320 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 t lacks console \n-00047540: 6472 6976 6572 7320 2879 6f75 0a63 616e drivers (you.can\n-00047550: 2073 7469 6c6c 2075 7365 2073 6572 6961 still use seria\n-00047560: 6c20 6f72 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 6f6e l or network con\n-00047570: 736f 6c65 292e 2020 496e 2063 6173 6520 sole). In case \n-00047580: 6f66 2022 6e6f 2220 616e 6420 2263 7261 of \"no\" and \"cra\n-00047590: 7368 6573 220a 7468 6520 7265 6173 6f6e shes\".the reason\n-000475a0: 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 696e 2066 6f6f is given in foo\n-000475b0: 746e 6f74 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tnote.. \n+000473f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a58 3836 2073 7570 706f *****..X86 suppo\n+00047400: 7274 2069 7320 7375 6d6d 6172 6973 6564 rt is summarised\n+00047410: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e in the followin\n+00047420: 6720 7461 626c 652e 2020 2259 6573 2220 g table. \"Yes\" \n+00047430: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a6b means that the.k\n+00047440: 6572 6e65 6c20 776f 726b 7320 6f6e 2074 ernel works on t\n+00047450: 6865 2067 6976 656e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 he given platfor\n+00047460: 6d2c 2022 6372 6173 6865 7322 206d 6561 m, \"crashes\" mea\n+00047470: 6e73 2061 6e20 6561 726c 7920 6b65 726e ns an early kern\n+00047480: 656c 0a63 7261 7368 2077 6869 6368 2077 el.crash which w\n+00047490: 6520 686f 7065 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 e hope will be f\n+000474a0: 6978 6564 2062 7920 636f 6e63 6572 6e65 ixed by concerne\n+000474b0: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2064 6576 656c 6f70 d kernel develop\n+000474c0: 6572 732e 2020 226e 6f22 0a6d 6561 6e73 ers. \"no\".means\n+000474d0: 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6c6f GRUB doesn't lo\n+000474e0: 6164 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e 206b 6572 ad the given ker\n+000474f0: 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2061 2067 6976 656e 2070 nel on a given p\n+00047500: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a22 6865 6164 6c65 latform..\"headle\n+00047510: 7373 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2074 ss\" means that t\n+00047520: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 776f 726b 7320 he kernel works \n+00047530: 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 636f 6e73 6f6c but lacks consol\n+00047540: 6520 6472 6976 6572 7320 2879 6f75 0a63 e drivers (you.c\n+00047550: 616e 2073 7469 6c6c 2075 7365 2073 6572 an still use ser\n+00047560: 6961 6c20 6f72 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 ial or network c\n+00047570: 6f6e 736f 6c65 292e 2020 496e 2063 6173 onsole). In cas\n+00047580: 6520 6f66 2022 6e6f 2220 616e 6420 2263 e of \"no\" and \"c\n+00047590: 7261 7368 6573 220a 7468 6520 7265 6173 rashes\".the reas\n+000475a0: 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 696e 2066 on is given in f\n+000475b0: 6f6f 746e 6f74 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ootnote.. \n 000475c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000475d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4249 4f53 BIOS\n-000475e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f72 Cor\n-000475f0: 6562 6f6f 740a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e eboot.BIOS chain\n-00047600: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 loading \n-00047610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00047620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-00047630: 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 1).NTLDR \n+000475d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4249 BI\n+000475e0: 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 OS C\n+000475f0: 6f72 6562 6f6f 740a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 oreboot.BIOS cha\n+00047600: 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 inloading \n+00047610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+00047630: 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 (1).NTLDR \n 00047640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00047660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n-00047670: 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 Plan9 \n+00047650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00047660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00047670: 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 ).Plan9 \n 00047680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047690: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000476a0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 no (1).Fre\n-000476b0: 6564 6f73 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 edos \n+00047690: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000476a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 no (1).F\n+000476b0: 7265 6564 6f73 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 reedos \n 000476c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000476d0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000476e0: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 no (1).FreeBS\n-000476f0: 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 D bootloader \n-00047700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00047710: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00047720: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 crashes (1).32-b\n-00047730: 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kFreeBSD \n+000476d0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000476e0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 no (1).Free\n+000476f0: 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 BSD bootloader \n+00047700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047710: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047720: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 crashes (1).32\n+00047730: 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 -bit kFreeBSD \n 00047740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047750: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047760: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3634 crashes (5).64\n-00047770: 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 -bit kFreeBSD \n+00047750: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047760: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a crashes (5).\n+00047770: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 64-bit kFreeBSD \n 00047780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047790: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000477a0: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a crashes (5).\n-000477b0: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 32-bit kNetBSD \n+00047790: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000477a0: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 crashes (5\n+000477b0: 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 ).32-bit kNetBSD\n 000477c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000477d0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000477e0: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 crashes (1\n-000477f0: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 ).64-bit kNetBSD\n-00047800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047810: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 730a crashes.\n-00047830: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 32-bit kOpenBSD \n-00047840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047850: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047860: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 yes.64-bit\n-00047870: 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n-00047880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00047890: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-000478a0: 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 yes.Multiboot \n+000477d0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000477e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n+000477f0: 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 (1).64-bit kNetB\n+00047800: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n+00047810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00047820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 crashe\n+00047830: 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 s.32-bit kOpenBS\n+00047840: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n+00047850: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 yes.64-b\n+00047870: 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kOpenBSD \n+00047880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047890: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000478a0: 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 yes.Multiboot \n 000478b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000478c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-000478d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 yes.Mu\n-000478e0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 ltiboot2 \n+000478c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+000478d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+000478e0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot2 \n 000478f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047900: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047910: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c yes.32-bit L\n-00047920: 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f inux (legacy pro\n-00047930: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 tocol) yes\n-00047940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-00047950: 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 (1).64-bit Linu\n-00047960: 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 x (legacy protoc\n-00047970: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 ol) yes \n-00047980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-00047990: 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 ).32-bit Linux (\n-000479a0: 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 modern protocol)\n-000479b0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000479c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 yes.64-b\n-000479d0: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e it Linux (modern\n-000479e0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-000479f0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047a00: 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 yes.32-bit XNU\n-00047a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00047a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 ?.64\n-00047a40: 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 -bit XNU \n+00047900: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047910: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 yes.32-bit\n+00047920: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 Linux (legacy p\n+00047930: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 rotocol) y\n+00047940: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+00047950: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 no (1).64-bit Li\n+00047960: 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 nux (legacy prot\n+00047970: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 ocol) yes \n+00047980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00047990: 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 (1).32-bit Linux\n+000479a0: 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f (modern protoco\n+000479b0: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 l) yes \n+000479c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 yes.64\n+000479d0: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 -bit Linux (mode\n+000479e0: 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 rn protocol) \n+000479f0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047a00: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 yes.32-bit X\n+00047a10: 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NU \n+00047a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a ?.\n+00047a40: 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 64-bit XNU \n 00047a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a60: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047a70: 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 ?.32-bit EFI\n-00047a80: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 chainloader \n-00047a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n-00047aa0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n-00047ab0: 3229 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 2).64-bit EFI ch\n-00047ac0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ainloader \n-00047ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 no (2) \n-00047ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a no (2).\n-00047af0: 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 Appleloader \n+00047a60: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047a70: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 ?.32-bit E\n+00047a80: 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 FI chainloader \n+00047a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00047aa0: 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (2) no\n+00047ab0: 2028 3229 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 (2).64-bit EFI \n+00047ac0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 chainloader \n+00047ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n+00047ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n+00047af0: 290a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 ).Appleloader \n 00047b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047b10: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047b20: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 no (2).. \n+00047b10: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 no (2) \n+00047b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a no (2)..\n 00047b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00047b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047b50: 2020 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 Multiboot \n-00047b60: 2020 2020 5165 6d75 0a42 494f 5320 6368 Qemu.BIOS ch\n-00047b70: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 ainloading \n-00047b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-00047b90: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (1) n\n-00047ba0: 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 o (1).NTLDR \n+00047b50: 2020 2020 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 Multiboot \n+00047b60: 2020 2020 2020 5165 6d75 0a42 494f 5320 Qemu.BIOS \n+00047b70: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 chainloading \n+00047b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047b90: 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047ba0: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 no (1).NTLDR \n 00047bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-00047bd0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n-00047be0: 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 1).Plan9 \n+00047bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00047bd0: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (1) no\n+00047be0: 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 (1).Plan9 \n 00047bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 no (1) \n-00047c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n-00047c20: 4672 6565 444f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 FreeDOS \n+00047c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+00047c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00047c20: 290a 4672 6565 444f 5320 2020 2020 2020 ).FreeDOS \n 00047c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047c40: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047c50: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 no (1).Fre\n-00047c60: 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 eBSD bootloader \n-00047c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047c80: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 crashes (1) \n-00047c90: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 crashes (1).3\n-00047ca0: 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2-bit kFreeBSD \n+00047c40: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 no (1) \n+00047c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 no (1).F\n+00047c60: 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 reeBSD bootloade\n+00047c70: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+00047c80: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 crashes (1) \n+00047c90: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n+00047ca0: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 .32-bit kFreeBSD\n 00047cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047cc0: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 2920 crashes (5) \n-00047cd0: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 crashes (5)\n-00047ce0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 .64-bit kFreeBSD\n-00047cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047d00: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 crashes (5\n-00047d10: 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 ) crashes (\n-00047d20: 3529 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 5).32-bit kNetBS\n-00047d30: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n-00047d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n-00047d50: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 (1) crashes\n-00047d60: 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 (1).64-bit kNet\n-00047d70: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n-00047d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00047d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 yes.3\n-00047da0: 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2-bit kOpenBSD \n+00047cc0: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 crashes (5\n+00047cd0: 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 ) crashes (\n+00047ce0: 3529 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5).64-bit kFreeB\n+00047cf0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n+00047d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n+00047d10: 2835 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 (5) crashes\n+00047d20: 2028 3529 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 (5).32-bit kNet\n+00047d30: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n+00047d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 crashe\n+00047d50: 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 s (1) crash\n+00047d60: 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e es (1).64-bit kN\n+00047d70: 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 etBSD \n+00047d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+00047d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047da0: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 .32-bit kOpenBSD\n 00047db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047dc0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047dd0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 yes.64-bit \n-00047de0: 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n-00047df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00047e00: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n-00047e10: 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 es.Multiboot \n+00047dc0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 yes.64-bi\n+00047de0: 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kOpenBSD \n+00047df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047e00: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047e10: 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 yes.Multiboot \n 00047e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00047e40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c yes.Mul\n-00047e50: 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 tiboot2 \n+00047e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00047e40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d yes.M\n+00047e50: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 ultiboot2 \n 00047e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047e70: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047e80: 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 yes.32-bit Li\n-00047e90: 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 nux (legacy prot\n-00047ea0: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ocol) no (\n-00047eb0: 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 1) no \n-00047ec0: 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 (1).64-bit Linux\n-00047ed0: 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f (legacy protoco\n-00047ee0: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 l) no (1) \n-00047ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00047f00: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d .32-bit Linux (m\n-00047f10: 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 odern protocol) \n-00047f20: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047f30: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 yes.64-bi\n-00047f40: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 t Linux (modern \n-00047f50: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-00047f60: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047f70: 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 yes.32-bit XNU \n-00047f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f20 2020 2020 ? \n-00047fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d ?.64-\n-00047fb0: 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 bit XNU \n+00047e70: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047e80: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 yes.32-bit \n+00047e90: 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 Linux (legacy pr\n+00047ea0: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f otocol) no\n+00047eb0: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (1) n\n+00047ec0: 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e o (1).64-bit Lin\n+00047ed0: 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f ux (legacy proto\n+00047ee0: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 col) no (1\n+00047ef0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n+00047f00: 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 1).32-bit Linux \n+00047f10: 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (modern protocol\n+00047f20: 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 ) yes \n+00047f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d yes.64-\n+00047f40: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 bit Linux (moder\n+00047f50: 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 n protocol) \n+00047f60: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047f70: 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e yes.32-bit XN\n+00047f80: 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 U \n+00047f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f20 2020 ? \n+00047fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 ?.6\n+00047fb0: 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 4-bit XNU \n 00047fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047fd0: 2020 3f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n-00047fe0: 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 ?.32-bit EFI \n-00047ff0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 chainloader \n-00048000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n-00048010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n-00048020: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 ).64-bit EFI cha\n-00048030: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 inloader \n-00048040: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 no (2) \n-00048050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 no (2).A\n-00048060: 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 ppleloader \n+00047fd0: 2020 2020 3f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n+00047fe0: 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 ?.32-bit EF\n+00047ff0: 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 I chainloader \n+00048000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+00048010: 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2) no \n+00048020: 2832 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 (2).64-bit EFI c\n+00048030: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 hainloader \n+00048040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 no (2) \n+00048050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n+00048060: 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 .Appleloader \n 00048070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048080: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00048090: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2020 no (2).. \n+00048080: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00048090: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 no (2).. \n 000480a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 000480b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000480c0: 2020 6961 3332 2045 4649 2020 2020 2020 ia32 EFI \n-000480d0: 2020 2061 6d64 3634 2045 4649 0a42 494f amd64 EFI.BIO\n-000480e0: 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 S chainloading \n+000480c0: 2020 2020 6961 3332 2045 4649 2020 2020 ia32 EFI \n+000480d0: 2020 2020 2061 6d64 3634 2045 4649 0a42 amd64 EFI.B\n+000480e0: 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 IOS chainloading\n 000480f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048100: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00048110: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 no (1).NTLDR \n-00048120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-00048140: 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (1) \n-00048150: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 no (1).Plan9 \n+00048100: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00048110: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 no (1).NTLD\n+00048120: 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 R \n+00048130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048140: 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00048150: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 no (1).Plan9 \n 00048160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-00048180: 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 1) no \n-00048190: 2831 290a 4672 6565 444f 5320 2020 2020 (1).FreeDOS \n+00048170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+00048180: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (1) n\n+00048190: 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 444f 5320 2020 o (1).FreeDOS \n 000481a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000481b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 no (1) \n-000481c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-000481d0: 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 .FreeBSD bootloa\n-000481e0: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n-000481f0: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 crashes (1\n-00048200: 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 ) crashes (\n-00048210: 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 1).32-bit kFreeB\n-00048220: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-00048230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 headless\n-00048240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 headles\n-00048250: 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 s.64-bit kFreeBS\n-00048260: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n-00048270: 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 headless \n-00048280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 headless\n-00048290: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 .32-bit kNetBSD \n-000482a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000482b0: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 crashes (1\n-000482c0: 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 ) crashes (\n-000482d0: 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 1).64-bit kNetBS\n-000482e0: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n-000482f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00048300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d yes.32-\n-00048310: 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 bit kOpenBSD \n+000481b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+000481c0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n+000481d0: 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 1).FreeBSD bootl\n+000481e0: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n+000481f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n+00048200: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 (1) crashes\n+00048210: 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 (1).32-bit kFre\n+00048220: 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eBSD \n+00048230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 headle\n+00048240: 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c ss headl\n+00048250: 6573 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 ess.64-bit kFree\n+00048260: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n+00048270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 headles\n+00048280: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 s headle\n+00048290: 7373 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 ss.32-bit kNetBS\n+000482a0: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n+000482b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n+000482c0: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 (1) crashes\n+000482d0: 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 (1).64-bit kNet\n+000482e0: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n+000482f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00048300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 yes.3\n+00048310: 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2-bit kOpenBSD \n 00048320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048330: 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 headless \n-00048340: 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 3634 2d62 headless.64-b\n-00048350: 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kOpenBSD \n+00048330: 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 headless \n+00048340: 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 3634 headless.64\n+00048350: 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 -bit kOpenBSD \n 00048360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048370: 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 headless \n-00048380: 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a4d 756c 7469 headless.Multi\n-00048390: 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot \n+00048370: 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 headless \n+00048380: 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a4d 756c headless.Mul\n+00048390: 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tiboot \n 000483a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000483b0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000483c0: 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 yes.Multiboot2 \n-000483d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000483e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-000483f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 yes.3\n-00048400: 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 2-bit Linux (leg\n-00048410: 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 acy protocol) \n-00048420: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00048430: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 no (1).64-b\n-00048440: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 it Linux (legacy\n-00048450: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-00048460: 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00048470: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 no (1).32-bit \n-00048480: 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 Linux (modern pr\n-00048490: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 otocol) ye\n-000484a0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n-000484b0: 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 es.64-bit Linux \n-000484c0: 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (modern protocol\n-000484d0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 ) yes \n-000484e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d yes.32-\n-000484f0: 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 bit XNU \n+000483b0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000483c0: 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 yes.Multiboot\n+000483d0: 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2 \n+000483e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+000483f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00048400: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c .32-bit Linux (l\n+00048410: 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 egacy protocol) \n+00048420: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00048430: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 no (1).64\n+00048440: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 -bit Linux (lega\n+00048450: 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 cy protocol) \n+00048460: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00048470: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 no (1).32-bi\n+00048480: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 t Linux (modern \n+00048490: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+000484a0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000484b0: 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 yes.64-bit Linu\n+000484c0: 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 x (modern protoc\n+000484d0: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 ol) yes \n+000484e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 yes.3\n+000484f0: 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2-bit XNU \n 00048500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048510: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048520: 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e yes.64-bit XN\n-00048530: 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 U \n-00048540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00048550: 2834 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 (4) yes\n-00048560: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 .32-bit EFI chai\n-00048570: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 nloader \n-00048580: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048590: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2833 290a 3634 no (3).64\n-000485a0: 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f -bit EFI chainlo\n-000485b0: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n-000485c0: 2020 206e 6f20 2833 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (3) \n-000485d0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 yes.Appleloa\n-000485e0: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n-000485f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00048600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00048610: 730a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s.. \n+00048510: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048520: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 yes.64-bit \n+00048530: 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n+00048540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00048550: 7320 2834 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s (4) y\n+00048560: 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 es.32-bit EFI ch\n+00048570: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ainloader \n+00048580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00048590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2833 290a no (3).\n+000485a0: 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 64-bit EFI chain\n+000485b0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+000485c0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2833 2920 2020 2020 no (3) \n+000485d0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4170 706c 656c yes.Applel\n+000485e0: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n+000485f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n+00048600: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+00048610: 7965 730a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes.. \n 00048620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6961 3332 2049 4545 ia32 IEE\n-00048640: 4531 3237 350a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e E1275.BIOS chain\n-00048650: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 loading \n-00048660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-00048670: 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 ).NTLDR \n+00048630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6961 3332 2049 ia32 I\n+00048640: 4545 4531 3237 350a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 EEE1275.BIOS cha\n+00048650: 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 inloading \n+00048660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00048670: 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 (1).NTLDR \n 00048680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048690: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c no (1).Pl\n-000486a0: 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 an9 \n+00048690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+000486a0: 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 Plan9 \n 000486b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000486c0: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 444f no (1).FreeDO\n-000486d0: 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 S \n-000486e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-000486f0: 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f o (1).FreeBSD bo\n-00048700: 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 otloader \n-00048710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n-00048720: 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 es (1).32-bit kF\n-00048730: 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 reeBSD \n-00048740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 cras\n-00048750: 6865 7320 2835 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b hes (5).64-bit k\n-00048760: 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 FreeBSD \n-00048770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n-00048780: 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a33 322d 6269 7420 shes (5).32-bit \n-00048790: 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n-000487a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n-000487b0: 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 ashes (1).64-bit\n-000487c0: 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n-000487d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f ?\n-000487e0: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 .32-bit kOpenBSD\n-000487f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048800: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 206b ?.64-bit k\n-00048810: 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 OpenBSD \n-00048820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a4d ?.M\n-00048830: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 ultiboot \n+000486c0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 no (1).Free\n+000486d0: 444f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 DOS \n+000486e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000486f0: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 no (1).FreeBSD \n+00048700: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 bootloader \n+00048710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 cra\n+00048720: 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 shes (1).32-bit \n+00048730: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n+00048740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n+00048750: 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3634 2d62 6974 ashes (5).64-bit\n+00048760: 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n+00048770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n+00048780: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a33 322d 6269 rashes (5).32-bi\n+00048790: 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 t kNetBSD \n+000487a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000487b0: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 crashes (1).64-b\n+000487c0: 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 it kNetBSD \n+000487d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000487e0: 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 ?.32-bit kOpenB\n+000487f0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n+00048800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 ?.64-bit\n+00048810: 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n+00048820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f ?\n+00048830: 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 .Multiboot \n 00048840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048850: 2020 2020 3f0a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 ?.Multiboot2\n-00048860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d ?.32-\n-00048880: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 bit Linux (legac\n-00048890: 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 y protocol) \n-000488a0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 no (1).64-bit \n-000488b0: 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 Linux (legacy pr\n-000488c0: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f otocol) no\n-000488d0: 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 (1).32-bit Linu\n-000488e0: 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 x (modern protoc\n-000488f0: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 ol) ?.64-b\n-00048900: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e it Linux (modern\n-00048910: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-00048920: 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 ?.32-bit XNU \n+00048850: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ?.Multiboo\n+00048860: 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t2 \n+00048870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 ?.3\n+00048880: 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 2-bit Linux (leg\n+00048890: 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 acy protocol) \n+000488a0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 no (1).64-bi\n+000488b0: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 t Linux (legacy \n+000488c0: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+000488d0: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 no (1).32-bit Li\n+000488e0: 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 nux (modern prot\n+000488f0: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 ocol) ?.64\n+00048900: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 -bit Linux (mode\n+00048910: 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 rn protocol) \n+00048920: 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 ?.32-bit XNU \n 00048930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 ?.64-bit\n-00048950: 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n-00048960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f ?\n-00048970: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 .32-bit EFI chai\n-00048980: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 nloader \n-00048990: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 342d no (2).64-\n-000489a0: 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 bit EFI chainloa\n-000489b0: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n-000489c0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f no (2).Applelo\n-000489d0: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n-000489e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-000489f0: 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 6571 7569 (2).. 1. Requi\n-00048a00: 7265 7320 4249 4f53 0a20 2032 2e20 4546 res BIOS. 2. EF\n-00048a10: 4920 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2033 2e20 3332 2d62 I only. 3. 32-b\n-00048a20: 6974 2061 6e64 2036 342d 6269 7420 4546 it and 64-bit EF\n-00048a30: 4920 6861 7665 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 I have different\n-00048a40: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 616e 6420 structures and \n-00048a50: 776f 726b 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2064 6966 work in. dif\n-00048a60: 6665 7265 6e74 2043 5055 206d 6f64 6573 ferent CPU modes\n-00048a70: 2073 6f20 6974 2773 206e 6f74 2070 6f73 so it's not pos\n-00048a80: 7369 626c 6520 746f 2063 6861 696e 6c6f sible to chainlo\n-00048a90: 6164 2033 322d 6269 740a 2020 2020 2062 ad 32-bit. b\n-00048aa0: 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 6f6e 2036 342d ootloader on 64-\n-00048ab0: 6269 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 2061 6e64 bit platform and\n-00048ac0: 2076 6963 652d 7665 7273 610a 2020 342e vice-versa. 4.\n-00048ad0: 2053 6f6d 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6d61 Some modules ma\n-00048ae0: 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6973 y need to be dis\n-00048af0: 6162 6c65 640a 2020 352e 2052 6571 7569 abled. 5. Requi\n-00048b00: 7265 7320 4143 5049 0a0a 2020 2050 6f77 res ACPI.. Pow\n-00048b10: 6572 5043 2c20 4941 3634 2061 6e64 2053 erPC, IA64 and S\n-00048b20: 7061 7263 3634 2070 6f72 7473 2073 7570 parc64 ports sup\n-00048b30: 706f 7274 206f 6e6c 7920 4c69 6e75 782e port only Linux.\n-00048b40: 2020 4d49 5053 2070 6f72 740a 7375 7070 MIPS port.supp\n-00048b50: 6f72 7473 204c 696e 7578 2061 6e64 206d orts Linux and m\n-00048b60: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 322e 0a0a 3232 2e31 ultiboot2...22.1\n-00048b70: 2042 6f6f 7420 7465 7374 730a 3d3d 3d3d Boot tests.====\n-00048b80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 7320 ===========..As \n-00048b90: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2073 6565 6e20 696e you have seen in\n-00048ba0: 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 6368 6170 7465 previous chapte\n-00048bb0: 7220 7468 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6d61 r the support ma\n-00048bc0: 7472 6978 2069 7320 7072 6574 7479 2062 trix is pretty b\n-00048bd0: 6967 0a61 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 ig.and some of t\n-00048be0: 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e he configuration\n-00048bf0: 7320 6172 6520 6f6e 6c79 2072 6172 656c s are only rarel\n-00048c00: 7920 7573 6564 2e20 2054 6f20 656e 7375 y used. To ensu\n-00048c10: 7265 2074 6865 0a71 7561 6c69 7479 2062 re the.quality b\n-00048c20: 6f6f 7463 6865 636b 7320 6172 6520 6176 ootchecks are av\n-00048c30: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f 7220 616c 6c20 ailable for all \n-00048c40: 7838 3620 7461 7267 6574 7320 6578 6365 x86 targets exce\n-00048c50: 7074 2045 4649 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 pt EFI.chainload\n-00048c60: 6572 2c20 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 er, Appleloader \n-00048c70: 616e 6420 584e 552e 2041 6c6c 2078 3836 and XNU. All x86\n-00048c80: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 6520 platforms have \n-00048c90: 626f 6f74 6368 6563 6b0a 6661 6369 6c69 bootcheck.facili\n-00048ca0: 7479 2065 7863 6570 7420 6965 6565 3132 ty except ieee12\n-00048cb0: 3735 2e20 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 75. Multiboot, \n-00048cc0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2c20 4249 4f53 multiboot2, BIOS\n-00048cd0: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c0a 6e74 chainloader,.nt\n-00048ce0: 6c64 7220 616e 6420 6672 6565 6273 642d ldr and freebsd-\n-00048cf0: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 bootloader boot \n-00048d00: 7461 7267 6574 7320 6172 6520 7465 7374 targets are test\n-00048d10: 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7769 7468 2061 2066 ed only with a f\n-00048d20: 616b 650a 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 ake.kernel image\n-00048d30: 732e 2020 4f6e 6c79 204c 696e 7578 2069 s. Only Linux i\n-00048d40: 7320 7465 7374 6564 2061 6d6f 6e67 2074 s tested among t\n-00048d50: 6865 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 7573 696e he payloads usin\n-00048d60: 6720 4c69 6e75 780a 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c g Linux.protocol\n-00048d70: 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 s... Following\n-00048d80: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 206d 7573 7420 variables must \n-00048d90: 6265 2064 6566 696e 6564 3a0a 0a47 5255 be defined:..GRU\n-00048da0: 425f 5041 594c 4f41 4453 5f44 4952 2020 B_PAYLOADS_DIR \n-00048db0: 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 636f directory co\n-00048dc0: 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2072 6571 ntaining the req\n-00048dd0: 7569 7265 6420 6b65 726e 656c 730a 4752 uired kernels.GR\n-00048de0: 5542 5f43 4246 5354 4f4f 4c20 2020 2020 UB_CBFSTOOL \n-00048df0: 2020 2020 2063 6266 7374 6f6f 6c20 6672 cbfstool fr\n-00048e00: 6f6d 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 7061 636b om Coreboot pack\n-00048e10: 6167 6520 2866 6f72 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f age (for coreboo\n-00048e20: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t. \n-00048e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 platfor\n-00048e40: 6d20 6f6e 6c79 290a 4752 5542 5f43 4f52 m only).GRUB_COR\n-00048e50: 4542 4f4f 545f 524f 4d20 2020 2020 2065 EBOOT_ROM e\n-00048e60: 6d70 7479 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 524f mpty Coreboot RO\n-00048e70: 4d0a 4752 5542 5f51 454d 555f 4f50 5453 M.GRUB_QEMU_OPTS\n-00048e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6464 6974 696f additio\n-00048e90: 6e61 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2062 nal options to b\n-00048ea0: 6520 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2074 6f20 5145 e supplied to QE\n-00048eb0: 4d55 0a0a 2020 2052 6571 7569 7265 6420 MU.. Required \n-00048ec0: 6669 6c65 7320 6172 653a 0a0a 6b66 7265 files are:..kfre\n-00048ed0: 6562 7364 5f65 6e76 2e69 3338 3620 2020 ebsd_env.i386 \n-00048ee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 32-bit\n-00048ef0: 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 6465 7669 6365 kFreeBSD device\n-00048f00: 2068 696e 7473 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 642e hints.kfreebsd.\n-00048f10: 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 i386 \n-00048f20: 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 4672 6565 32-bit Free\n-00048f30: 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 BSD kernel image\n-00048f40: 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 642e 7838 365f 3634 .kfreebsd.x86_64\n-00048f50: 2c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 , s\n-00048f60: 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 7420 ame from 64-bit \n-00048f70: 6b46 7265 6542 5344 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 kFreeBSD.kfreebs\n-00048f80: 645f 656e 762e 7838 365f 3634 0a6b 6e65 d_env.x86_64.kne\n-00048f90: 7462 7364 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 tbsd.i386 \n-00048fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 32-bi\n-00048fb0: 7420 4e65 7442 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 t NetBSD kernel \n-00048fc0: 696d 6167 650a 6b6e 6574 6273 642e 6d69 image.knetbsd.mi\n-00048fd0: 6e69 726f 6f74 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 niroot.i386 \n-00048fe0: 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 32-bit kNetB\n-00048ff0: 5344 206d 696e 6972 6f6f 742e 6b6d 6f64 SD miniroot.kmod\n-00049000: 2e0a 6b6e 6574 6273 642e 7838 365f 3634 ..knetbsd.x86_64\n-00049010: 2c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 , \n-00049020: 7361 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 same from 64-bit\n-00049030: 206b 4e65 7442 5344 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 kNetBSD.knetbsd\n-00049040: 2e6d 696e 6972 6f6f 742e 7838 365f 3634 .miniroot.x86_64\n-00049050: 0a6b 6f70 656e 6273 642e 6933 3836 2020 .kopenbsd.i386 \n-00049060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 3\n-00049070: 322d 6269 7420 4f70 656e 4253 4420 6b65 2-bit OpenBSD ke\n-00049080: 726e 656c 2062 7364 2e72 6420 696d 6167 rnel bsd.rd imag\n-00049090: 650a 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 e.kopenbsd.x86_6\n-000490a0: 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4 \n-000490b0: 7361 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 same from 64-bit\n-000490c0: 206b 4f70 656e 4253 440a 6c69 6e75 782e kOpenBSD.linux.\n-000490d0: 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 i386 \n-000490e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 204c 32-bit L\n-000490f0: 696e 7578 0a6c 696e 7578 2e78 3836 5f36 inux.linux.x86_6\n-00049100: 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4 \n-00049110: 2020 2036 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 780a 64-bit Linux.\n-00049120: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00049130: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 726f 7562 fo, Node: Troub\n-00049140: 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 leshooting, Nex\n-00049150: 743a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 t: User-space ut\n-00049160: 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ilities, Prev: \n-00049170: 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c Supported kernel\n-00049180: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3320 s, Up: Top..23 \n-00049190: 4572 726f 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2070 Error messages p\n-000491a0: 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a roduced by GRUB.\n-000491b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00048940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 ?.64-b\n+00048950: 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 it XNU \n+00048960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048970: 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 ?.32-bit EFI ch\n+00048980: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ainloader \n+00048990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 no (2).6\n+000489a0: 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 4-bit EFI chainl\n+000489b0: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n+000489c0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 no (2).Apple\n+000489d0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+000489e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000489f0: 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 6571 no (2).. 1. Req\n+00048a00: 7569 7265 7320 4249 4f53 0a20 2032 2e20 uires BIOS. 2. \n+00048a10: 4546 4920 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2033 2e20 3332 EFI only. 3. 32\n+00048a20: 2d62 6974 2061 6e64 2036 342d 6269 7420 -bit and 64-bit \n+00048a30: 4546 4920 6861 7665 2064 6966 6665 7265 EFI have differe\n+00048a40: 6e74 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 616e nt structures an\n+00048a50: 6420 776f 726b 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2064 d work in. d\n+00048a60: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2043 5055 206d 6f64 ifferent CPU mod\n+00048a70: 6573 2073 6f20 6974 2773 206e 6f74 2070 es so it's not p\n+00048a80: 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 2063 6861 696e ossible to chain\n+00048a90: 6c6f 6164 2033 322d 6269 740a 2020 2020 load 32-bit. \n+00048aa0: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 6f6e 2036 bootloader on 6\n+00048ab0: 342d 6269 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 2061 4-bit platform a\n+00048ac0: 6e64 2076 6963 652d 7665 7273 610a 2020 nd vice-versa. \n+00048ad0: 342e 2053 6f6d 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 4. Some modules \n+00048ae0: 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2064 may need to be d\n+00048af0: 6973 6162 6c65 640a 2020 352e 2052 6571 isabled. 5. Req\n+00048b00: 7569 7265 7320 4143 5049 0a0a 2020 2050 uires ACPI.. P\n+00048b10: 6f77 6572 5043 2c20 4941 3634 2061 6e64 owerPC, IA64 and\n+00048b20: 2053 7061 7263 3634 2070 6f72 7473 2073 Sparc64 ports s\n+00048b30: 7570 706f 7274 206f 6e6c 7920 4c69 6e75 upport only Linu\n+00048b40: 782e 2020 4d49 5053 2070 6f72 740a 7375 x. MIPS port.su\n+00048b50: 7070 6f72 7473 204c 696e 7578 2061 6e64 pports Linux and\n+00048b60: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 322e 0a0a 3232 multiboot2...22\n+00048b70: 2e31 2042 6f6f 7420 7465 7374 730a 3d3d .1 Boot tests.==\n+00048b80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 =============..A\n+00048b90: 7320 796f 7520 6861 7665 2073 6565 6e20 s you have seen \n+00048ba0: 696e 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 6368 6170 in previous chap\n+00048bb0: 7465 7220 7468 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7420 ter the support \n+00048bc0: 6d61 7472 6978 2069 7320 7072 6574 7479 matrix is pretty\n+00048bd0: 2062 6967 0a61 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 big.and some of\n+00048be0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 the configurati\n+00048bf0: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6f6e 6c79 2072 6172 ons are only rar\n+00048c00: 656c 7920 7573 6564 2e20 2054 6f20 656e ely used. To en\n+00048c10: 7375 7265 2074 6865 0a71 7561 6c69 7479 sure the.quality\n+00048c20: 2062 6f6f 7463 6865 636b 7320 6172 6520 bootchecks are \n+00048c30: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f 7220 616c available for al\n+00048c40: 6c20 7838 3620 7461 7267 6574 7320 6578 l x86 targets ex\n+00048c50: 6365 7074 2045 4649 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f cept EFI.chainlo\n+00048c60: 6164 6572 2c20 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 ader, Appleloade\n+00048c70: 7220 616e 6420 584e 552e 2041 6c6c 2078 r and XNU. All x\n+00048c80: 3836 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 86 platforms hav\n+00048c90: 6520 626f 6f74 6368 6563 6b0a 6661 6369 e bootcheck.faci\n+00048ca0: 6c69 7479 2065 7863 6570 7420 6965 6565 lity except ieee\n+00048cb0: 3132 3735 2e20 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 1275. Multiboot\n+00048cc0: 2c20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2c20 4249 , multiboot2, BI\n+00048cd0: 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c0a OS chainloader,.\n+00048ce0: 6e74 6c64 7220 616e 6420 6672 6565 6273 ntldr and freebs\n+00048cf0: 642d 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2062 6f6f d-bootloader boo\n+00048d00: 7420 7461 7267 6574 7320 6172 6520 7465 t targets are te\n+00048d10: 7374 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7769 7468 2061 sted only with a\n+00048d20: 2066 616b 650a 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 fake.kernel ima\n+00048d30: 6765 732e 2020 4f6e 6c79 204c 696e 7578 ges. Only Linux\n+00048d40: 2069 7320 7465 7374 6564 2061 6d6f 6e67 is tested among\n+00048d50: 2074 6865 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 7573 the payloads us\n+00048d60: 696e 6720 4c69 6e75 780a 7072 6f74 6f63 ing Linux.protoc\n+00048d70: 6f6c 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f6c 6c6f 7769 ols... Followi\n+00048d80: 6e67 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 206d 7573 ng variables mus\n+00048d90: 7420 6265 2064 6566 696e 6564 3a0a 0a47 t be defined:..G\n+00048da0: 5255 425f 5041 594c 4f41 4453 5f44 4952 RUB_PAYLOADS_DIR\n+00048db0: 2020 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 directory \n+00048dc0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2072 containing the r\n+00048dd0: 6571 7569 7265 6420 6b65 726e 656c 730a equired kernels.\n+00048de0: 4752 5542 5f43 4246 5354 4f4f 4c20 2020 GRUB_CBFSTOOL \n+00048df0: 2020 2020 2020 2063 6266 7374 6f6f 6c20 cbfstool \n+00048e00: 6672 6f6d 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 7061 from Coreboot pa\n+00048e10: 636b 6167 6520 2866 6f72 2063 6f72 6562 ckage (for coreb\n+00048e20: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot. \n+00048e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 7466 platf\n+00048e40: 6f72 6d20 6f6e 6c79 290a 4752 5542 5f43 orm only).GRUB_C\n+00048e50: 4f52 4542 4f4f 545f 524f 4d20 2020 2020 OREBOOT_ROM \n+00048e60: 2065 6d70 7479 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 empty Coreboot \n+00048e70: 524f 4d0a 4752 5542 5f51 454d 555f 4f50 ROM.GRUB_QEMU_OP\n+00048e80: 5453 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6464 6974 TS addit\n+00048e90: 696f 6e61 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 746f ional options to\n+00048ea0: 2062 6520 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2074 6f20 be supplied to \n+00048eb0: 5145 4d55 0a0a 2020 2052 6571 7569 7265 QEMU.. Require\n+00048ec0: 6420 6669 6c65 7320 6172 653a 0a0a 6b66 d files are:..kf\n+00048ed0: 7265 6562 7364 5f65 6e76 2e69 3338 3620 reebsd_env.i386 \n+00048ee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 32-b\n+00048ef0: 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 6465 7669 it kFreeBSD devi\n+00048f00: 6365 2068 696e 7473 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 ce hints.kfreebs\n+00048f10: 642e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d.i386 \n+00048f20: 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 4672 32-bit Fr\n+00048f30: 6565 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 eeBSD kernel ima\n+00048f40: 6765 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 642e 7838 365f ge.kfreebsd.x86_\n+00048f50: 3634 2c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 64, \n+00048f60: 2073 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 same from 64-bi\n+00048f70: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 0a6b 6672 6565 t kFreeBSD.kfree\n+00048f80: 6273 645f 656e 762e 7838 365f 3634 0a6b bsd_env.x86_64.k\n+00048f90: 6e65 7462 7364 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 netbsd.i386 \n+00048fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 32-\n+00048fb0: 6269 7420 4e65 7442 5344 206b 6572 6e65 bit NetBSD kerne\n+00048fc0: 6c20 696d 6167 650a 6b6e 6574 6273 642e l image.knetbsd.\n+00048fd0: 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e69 3338 3620 2020 miniroot.i386 \n+00048fe0: 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 32-bit kNe\n+00048ff0: 7442 5344 206d 696e 6972 6f6f 742e 6b6d tBSD miniroot.km\n+00049000: 6f64 2e0a 6b6e 6574 6273 642e 7838 365f od..knetbsd.x86_\n+00049010: 3634 2c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 64, \n+00049020: 2020 7361 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 3634 2d62 same from 64-b\n+00049030: 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 0a6b 6e65 7462 it kNetBSD.knetb\n+00049040: 7364 2e6d 696e 6972 6f6f 742e 7838 365f sd.miniroot.x86_\n+00049050: 3634 0a6b 6f70 656e 6273 642e 6933 3836 64.kopenbsd.i386\n+00049060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00049070: 2033 322d 6269 7420 4f70 656e 4253 4420 32-bit OpenBSD \n+00049080: 6b65 726e 656c 2062 7364 2e72 6420 696d kernel bsd.rd im\n+00049090: 6167 650a 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 2e78 3836 age.kopenbsd.x86\n+000490a0: 5f36 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _64 \n+000490b0: 2020 7361 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 3634 2d62 same from 64-b\n+000490c0: 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 440a 6c69 6e75 it kOpenBSD.linu\n+000490d0: 782e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x.i386 \n+000490e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 32-bit\n+000490f0: 204c 696e 7578 0a6c 696e 7578 2e78 3836 Linux.linux.x86\n+00049100: 5f36 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _64 \n+00049110: 2020 2020 2036 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 64-bit Linu\n+00049120: 780a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e x....File: grub.\n+00049130: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 726f info, Node: Tro\n+00049140: 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e ubleshooting, N\n+00049150: 6578 743a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 ext: User-space \n+00049160: 7574 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 5072 6576 utilities, Prev\n+00049170: 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e : Supported kern\n+00049180: 656c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 els, Up: Top..2\n+00049190: 3320 4572 726f 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 3 Error messages\n+000491a0: 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 2047 5255 produced by GRU\n+000491b0: 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a B.**************\n 000491c0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000491d0: 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 **..* Menu:..* G\n-000491e0: 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 RUB only offers \n-000491f0: 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 3a3a a rescue shell::\n-00049200: 0a2a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c .* Firmware stal\n-00049210: 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f ls instead of bo\n-00049220: 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a oting GRUB::....\n-00049230: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00049240: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4752 5542 206f 6e6c Node: GRUB onl\n-00049250: 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 y offers a rescu\n-00049260: 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e shell, Next: \n-00049270: 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 Firmware stalls \n-00049280: 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 instead of booti\n-00049290: 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5570 3a20 5472 ng GRUB, Up: Tr\n-000492a0: 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 670a 0a32 oubleshooting..2\n-000492b0: 332e 3120 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 3.1 GRUB only of\n-000492c0: 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 fers a rescue sh\n-000492d0: 656c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ell.============\n+000491d0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ****..* Menu:..*\n+000491e0: 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 GRUB only offer\n+000491f0: 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c s a rescue shell\n+00049200: 3a3a 0a2a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 ::.* Firmware st\n+00049210: 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 alls instead of \n+00049220: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 0a0a booting GRUB::..\n+00049230: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00049240: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4752 5542 206f o, Node: GRUB o\n+00049250: 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 nly offers a res\n+00049260: 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 cue shell, Next\n+00049270: 3a20 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c : Firmware stall\n+00049280: 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f s instead of boo\n+00049290: 7469 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5570 3a20 ting GRUB, Up: \n+000492a0: 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 670a Troubleshooting.\n+000492b0: 0a32 332e 3120 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 .23.1 GRUB only \n+000492c0: 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 offers a rescue \n+000492d0: 7368 656c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d shell.==========\n 000492e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000492f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2773 ========..GRUB's\n-00049300: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7374 6172 742d 7570 normal start-up\n-00049310: 2070 726f 6365 6475 7265 2069 6e76 6f6c procedure invol\n-00049320: 7665 7320 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 ves setting the \n-00049330: e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 0a65 6e76 ...prefix....env\n-00049340: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00049350: 6520 746f 2061 2076 616c 7565 2073 6574 e to a value set\n-00049360: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 in the core ima\n-00049370: 6765 2062 7920 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e ge by ...grub-in\n-00049380: 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2c0a 7365 7474 696e stall...,.settin\n-00049390: 6720 7468 6520 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 g the ...root...\n-000493a0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 206d 6174 variable to mat\n-000493b0: 6368 2c20 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 6520 ch, loading the \n-000493c0: e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d 6f64 ...normal... mod\n-000493d0: 756c 6520 6672 6f6d 0a74 6865 2070 7265 ule from.the pre\n-000493e0: 6669 782c 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 fix, and running\n-000493f0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 the ...normal..\n-00049400: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 . command (*note\n-00049410: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 normal::). Thi\n-00049420: 730a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2072 6573 s.command is res\n-00049430: 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2072 6561 ponsible for rea\n-00049440: 6469 6e67 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 ding .../boot/gr\n-00049450: 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 ub/grub.cfg..., \n-00049460: 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 650a 6d65 6e75 running the.menu\n-00049470: 2c20 616e 6420 646f 696e 6720 616c 6c20 , and doing all \n-00049480: 7468 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 6869 6e67 the useful thing\n-00049490: 7320 4752 5542 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f73 s GRUB is suppos\n-000494a0: 6564 2074 6f20 646f 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 ed to do... If\n-000494b0: 2c20 696e 7374 6561 642c 2079 6f75 206f , instead, you o\n-000494c0: 6e6c 7920 6765 7420 6120 7265 7363 7565 nly get a rescue\n-000494d0: 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 7468 6973 2075 7375 shell, this usu\n-000494e0: 616c 6c79 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 740a ally means that.\n-000494f0: 4752 5542 2066 6169 6c65 6420 746f 206c GRUB failed to l\n-00049500: 6f61 6420 7468 6520 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 oad the ...norma\n-00049510: 6ce2 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 l... module for \n-00049520: 736f 6d65 2072 6561 736f 6e2e 2020 4974 some reason. It\n-00049530: 206d 6179 2062 650a 706f 7373 6962 6c65 may be.possible\n-00049540: 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2061 726f 756e 6420 to work around \n-00049550: 7468 6973 2074 656d 706f 7261 7269 6c79 this temporarily\n-00049560: 3a20 666f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 : for instance, \n-00049570: 6966 2074 6865 2072 6561 736f 6e0a 666f if the reason.fo\n-00049580: 7220 7468 6520 6661 696c 7572 6520 6973 r the failure is\n-00049590: 2074 6861 7420 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 that ...prefix.\n-000495a0: 8099 2069 7320 7772 6f6e 6720 2870 6572 .. is wrong (per\n-000495b0: 6861 7073 2069 7420 7265 6665 7273 2074 haps it refers t\n-000495c0: 6f20 7468 650a 7772 6f6e 6720 6465 7669 o the.wrong devi\n-000495d0: 6365 2c20 6f72 2070 6572 6861 7073 2074 ce, or perhaps t\n-000495e0: 6865 2070 6174 6820 746f 20e2 8098 2f62 he path to .../b\n-000495f0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 9920 7761 7320 oot/grub... was \n-00049600: 6e6f 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 6d61 not correctly ma\n-00049610: 6465 0a72 656c 6174 6976 6520 746f 2074 de.relative to t\n-00049620: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6529 2c20 7468 656e he device), then\n-00049630: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2063 6f72 7265 6374 you can correct\n-00049640: 2074 6869 7320 616e 6420 656e 7465 7220 this and enter \n-00049650: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 650a 6d61 6e75 normal mode.manu\n-00049660: 616c 6c79 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 496e ally:.. # In\n-00049670: 7370 6563 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e spect the curren\n-00049680: 7420 7072 6566 6978 2028 616e 6420 6f74 t prefix (and ot\n-00049690: 6865 7220 7072 6573 6574 2076 6172 6961 her preset varia\n-000496a0: 626c 6573 293a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 740a bles):. set.\n-000496b0: 2020 2020 2023 2046 696e 6420 6f75 7420 # Find out \n-000496c0: 7768 6963 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 6172 which devices ar\n-000496d0: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 653a 0a20 2020 e available:. \n-000496e0: 2020 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 2320 5365 7420 ls. # Set \n-000496f0: 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2076 to the correct v\n-00049700: 616c 7565 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 alue, which migh\n-00049710: 7420 6265 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 206c t be something l\n-00049720: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 2020 2020 2073 ike this:. s\n-00049730: 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2868 6430 2c31 et prefix=(hd0,1\n-00049740: 292f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 )/grub. set \n-00049750: 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 root=(hd0,1). \n-00049760: 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a insmod normal.\n-00049770: 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 0a20 2020 normal.. \n-00049780: 486f 7765 7665 722c 2061 6e79 2070 726f However, any pro\n-00049790: 626c 656d 2074 6861 7420 6c65 6176 6573 blem that leaves\n-000497a0: 2079 6f75 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7363 you in the resc\n-000497b0: 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 626c ue shell probabl\n-000497c0: 790a 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 y.means that GRU\n-000497d0: 4220 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 7272 6563 B was not correc\n-000497e0: 746c 7920 696e 7374 616c 6c65 642e 2020 tly installed. \n-000497f0: 4974 206d 6179 2062 6520 6d6f 7265 2075 It may be more u\n-00049800: 7365 6675 6c20 746f 0a74 7279 2074 6f20 seful to.try to \n-00049810: 7265 696e 7374 616c 6c20 6974 2070 726f reinstall it pro\n-00049820: 7065 726c 7920 7573 696e 6720 e280 9867 perly using ...g\n-00049830: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4445 5649 rub-install DEVI\n-00049840: 4345 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 CE... (*note Inv\n-00049850: 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 oking.grub-insta\n-00049860: 6c6c 3a3a 292e 2020 5768 656e 2064 6f69 ll::). When doi\n-00049870: 6e67 2074 6869 732c 2074 6865 7265 2061 ng this, there a\n-00049880: 7265 2061 2066 6577 2074 6869 6e67 7320 re a few things \n-00049890: 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 723a 0a0a 2020 to remember:.. \n-000498a0: 20e2 80a2 2044 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 ... Drive order\n-000498b0: 696e 6720 696e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 ing in your oper\n-000498c0: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206d 6179 ating system may\n-000498d0: 206e 6f74 2062 6520 7468 6520 7361 6d65 not be the same\n-000498e0: 2061 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f as the. boo\n-000498f0: 7420 6472 6976 6520 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 t drive ordering\n-00049900: 2075 7365 6420 6279 2079 6f75 7220 6669 used by your fi\n-00049910: 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2044 6f20 6e6f 7420 rmware. Do not \n-00049920: 6173 7375 6d65 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 assume that your\n-00049930: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 . first hard\n-00049940: 2064 7269 7665 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 drive (e.g. ..\n-00049950: 982f 6465 762f 7364 61e2 8099 2920 6973 ./dev/sda...) is\n-00049960: 2074 6865 206f 6e65 2074 6861 7420 796f the one that yo\n-00049970: 7572 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 2020 2020 ur firmware. \n-00049980: 2077 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d2e will boot from.\n-00049990: 2020 e280 9864 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 ...device.map.\n-000499a0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 .. (*note Device\n-000499b0: 206d 6170 3a3a 2920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 map::) can be u\n-000499c0: 7365 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 6572 sed to. over\n-000499d0: 7269 6465 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 2069 ride this, but i\n-000499e0: 7420 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2062 6574 t is usually bet\n-000499f0: 7465 7220 746f 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 ter to use UUIDs\n-00049a00: 206f 7220 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a or file system.\n-00049a10: 2020 2020 206c 6162 656c 7320 616e 6420 labels and \n-00049a20: 6176 6f69 6420 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 avoid depending \n-00049a30: 6f6e 2064 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e on drive orderin\n-00049a40: 6720 656e 7469 7265 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 g entirely... \n-00049a50: e280 a220 4174 206c 6561 7374 206f 6e20 ... At least on \n-00049a60: 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6966 BIOS systems, if\n-00049a70: 2079 6f75 2074 656c 6c20 e280 9867 7275 you tell ...gru\n-00049a80: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2074 6f20 b-install... to \n-00049a90: 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 install. GRU\n-00049aa0: 4220 746f 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e B to a partition\n-00049ab0: 2062 7574 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 616c but GRUB has al\n-00049ac0: 7265 6164 7920 6265 656e 2069 6e73 7461 ready been insta\n-00049ad0: 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 lled in the. \n-00049ae0: 206d 6173 7465 7220 626f 6f74 2072 6563 master boot rec\n-00049af0: 6f72 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 4752 ord, then the GR\n-00049b00: 5542 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e20 UB installation \n-00049b10: 696e 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e in the partition\n-00049b20: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6967 . will be ig\n-00049b30: 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 nored... ... I\n-00049b40: 6620 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 6974 2069 f possible, it i\n-00049b50: 7320 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6265 7374 s generally best\n-00049b60: 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 696e 7374 616c to avoid instal\n-00049b70: 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 0a20 ling GRUB to a. \n-00049b80: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 2875 partition (u\n-00049b90: 6e6c 6573 7320 6974 2069 7320 6120 7370 nless it is a sp\n-00049ba0: 6563 6961 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 ecial partition \n-00049bb0: 666f 7220 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 2047 for the use of G\n-00049bc0: 5255 420a 2020 2020 2061 6c6f 6e65 2c20 RUB. alone, \n-00049bd0: 7375 6368 2061 7320 7468 6520 4249 4f53 such as the BIOS\n-00049be0: 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 Boot Partition \n-00049bf0: 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4750 5429 2e20 446f used on GPT). Do\n-00049c00: 696e 6720 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 ing this. me\n-00049c10: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 6d61 ans that GRUB ma\n-00049c20: 7920 7374 6f70 2062 6569 6e67 2061 626c y stop being abl\n-00049c30: 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 6974 7320 636f e to read its co\n-00049c40: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2064 7565 2074 6f20 re image due to \n-00049c50: 610a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 a. file syst\n-00049c60: 656d 206d 6f76 696e 6720 626c 6f63 6b73 em moving blocks\n-00049c70: 2061 726f 756e 642c 2073 7563 6820 6173 around, such as\n-00049c80: 2077 6869 6c65 2064 6566 7261 676d 656e while defragmen\n-00049c90: 7469 6e67 2c0a 2020 2020 2072 756e 6e69 ting,. runni\n-00049ca0: 6e67 2063 6865 636b 732c 206f 7220 6576 ng checks, or ev\n-00049cb0: 656e 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e6f 726d 616c en during normal\n-00049cc0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6e73 operation. Ins\n-00049cd0: 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 0a20 talling to the. \n-00049ce0: 2020 2020 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2064 whole disk d\n-00049cf0: 6576 6963 6520 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c evice is normall\n-00049d00: 7920 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 7573 742e 0a0a y more robust...\n-00049d10: 2020 20e2 80a2 2043 6865 636b 2074 6861 ... Check tha\n-00049d20: 7420 4752 5542 2061 6374 7561 6c6c 7920 t GRUB actually \n-00049d30: 6b6e 6f77 7320 686f 7720 746f 2072 6561 knows how to rea\n-00049d40: 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 d from the devic\n-00049d50: 6520 616e 6420 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 e and file. \n-00049d60: 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e system containin\n-00049d70: 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 g .../boot/grub.\n-00049d80: 8099 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 ... It will not\n-00049d90: 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6164 be able to read\n-00049da0: 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 from. encry\n-00049db0: 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 6974 pted devices wit\n-00049dc0: 6820 756e 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 656e h unsupported en\n-00049dd0: 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2073 6368 656d 652c cryption scheme,\n-00049de0: 206e 6f72 2066 726f 6d20 6669 6c65 0a20 nor from file. \n-00049df0: 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 7320 666f 7220 systems for \n-00049e00: 7768 6963 6820 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6861 which support ha\n-00049e10: 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 7420 6265 656e 2061 s not yet been a\n-00049e20: 6464 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a dded to GRUB...\n+000492f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 ==========..GRUB\n+00049300: 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7374 6172 742d 's normal start-\n+00049310: 7570 2070 726f 6365 6475 7265 2069 6e76 up procedure inv\n+00049320: 6f6c 7665 7320 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 olves setting th\n+00049330: 6520 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 0a65 e ...prefix....e\n+00049340: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00049350: 626c 6520 746f 2061 2076 616c 7565 2073 ble to a value s\n+00049360: 6574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 et in the core i\n+00049370: 6d61 6765 2062 7920 e280 9867 7275 622d mage by ...grub-\n+00049380: 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2c0a 7365 7474 install...,.sett\n+00049390: 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 ing the ...root.\n+000493a0: 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 206d .. variable to m\n+000493b0: 6174 6368 2c20 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 atch, loading th\n+000493c0: 6520 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d e ...normal... m\n+000493d0: 6f64 756c 6520 6672 6f6d 0a74 6865 2070 odule from.the p\n+000493e0: 7265 6669 782c 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 refix, and runni\n+000493f0: 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c ng the ...normal\n+00049400: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ... command (*no\n+00049410: 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2054 te normal::). T\n+00049420: 6869 730a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2072 his.command is r\n+00049430: 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2072 esponsible for r\n+00049440: 6561 6469 6e67 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f eading .../boot/\n+00049450: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 grub/grub.cfg...\n+00049460: 2c20 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 650a 6d65 , running the.me\n+00049470: 6e75 2c20 616e 6420 646f 696e 6720 616c nu, and doing al\n+00049480: 6c20 7468 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 6869 l the useful thi\n+00049490: 6e67 7320 4752 5542 2069 7320 7375 7070 ngs GRUB is supp\n+000494a0: 6f73 6564 2074 6f20 646f 2e0a 0a20 2020 osed to do... \n+000494b0: 4966 2c20 696e 7374 6561 642c 2079 6f75 If, instead, you\n+000494c0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6765 7420 6120 7265 7363 only get a resc\n+000494d0: 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 7468 6973 2075 ue shell, this u\n+000494e0: 7375 616c 6c79 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 sually means tha\n+000494f0: 740a 4752 5542 2066 6169 6c65 6420 746f t.GRUB failed to\n+00049500: 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 e280 986e 6f72 load the ...nor\n+00049510: 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f mal... module fo\n+00049520: 7220 736f 6d65 2072 6561 736f 6e2e 2020 r some reason. \n+00049530: 4974 206d 6179 2062 650a 706f 7373 6962 It may be.possib\n+00049540: 6c65 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2061 726f 756e le to work aroun\n+00049550: 6420 7468 6973 2074 656d 706f 7261 7269 d this temporari\n+00049560: 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 ly: for instance\n+00049570: 2c20 6966 2074 6865 2072 6561 736f 6e0a , if the reason.\n+00049580: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6661 696c 7572 6520 for the failure \n+00049590: 6973 2074 6861 7420 e280 9870 7265 6669 is that ...prefi\n+000495a0: 78e2 8099 2069 7320 7772 6f6e 6720 2870 x... is wrong (p\n+000495b0: 6572 6861 7073 2069 7420 7265 6665 7273 erhaps it refers\n+000495c0: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 7772 6f6e 6720 6465 to the.wrong de\n+000495d0: 7669 6365 2c20 6f72 2070 6572 6861 7073 vice, or perhaps\n+000495e0: 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 746f 20e2 8098 the path to ...\n+000495f0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 9920 7761 /boot/grub... wa\n+00049600: 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 s not correctly \n+00049610: 6d61 6465 0a72 656c 6174 6976 6520 746f made.relative to\n+00049620: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6529 2c20 7468 the device), th\n+00049630: 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2063 6f72 7265 en you can corre\n+00049640: 6374 2074 6869 7320 616e 6420 656e 7465 ct this and ente\n+00049650: 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 650a 6d61 r normal mode.ma\n+00049660: 6e75 616c 6c79 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 nually:.. # \n+00049670: 496e 7370 6563 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 Inspect the curr\n+00049680: 656e 7420 7072 6566 6978 2028 616e 6420 ent prefix (and \n+00049690: 6f74 6865 7220 7072 6573 6574 2076 6172 other preset var\n+000496a0: 6961 626c 6573 293a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 iables):. se\n+000496b0: 740a 2020 2020 2023 2046 696e 6420 6f75 t. # Find ou\n+000496c0: 7420 7768 6963 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 t which devices \n+000496d0: 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 653a 0a20 are available:. \n+000496e0: 2020 2020 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 2320 5365 ls. # Se\n+000496f0: 7420 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 6374 t to the correct\n+00049700: 2076 616c 7565 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d69 value, which mi\n+00049710: 6768 7420 6265 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 ght be something\n+00049720: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 2020 2020 like this:. \n+00049730: 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2868 6430 set prefix=(hd0\n+00049740: 2c31 292f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 7365 ,1)/grub. se\n+00049750: 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 t root=(hd0,1). \n+00049760: 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e 6f72 6d61 insmod norma\n+00049770: 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 0a20 l. normal.. \n+00049780: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2061 6e79 2070 However, any p\n+00049790: 726f 626c 656d 2074 6861 7420 6c65 6176 roblem that leav\n+000497a0: 6573 2079 6f75 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7265 es you in the re\n+000497b0: 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 scue shell proba\n+000497c0: 626c 790a 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2047 bly.means that G\n+000497d0: 5255 4220 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 7272 RUB was not corr\n+000497e0: 6563 746c 7920 696e 7374 616c 6c65 642e ectly installed.\n+000497f0: 2020 4974 206d 6179 2062 6520 6d6f 7265 It may be more\n+00049800: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 0a74 7279 2074 useful to.try t\n+00049810: 6f20 7265 696e 7374 616c 6c20 6974 2070 o reinstall it p\n+00049820: 726f 7065 726c 7920 7573 696e 6720 e280 roperly using ..\n+00049830: 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4445 .grub-install DE\n+00049840: 5649 4345 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 VICE... (*note I\n+00049850: 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 nvoking.grub-ins\n+00049860: 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 2020 5768 656e 2064 tall::). When d\n+00049870: 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 732c 2074 6865 7265 oing this, there\n+00049880: 2061 7265 2061 2066 6577 2074 6869 6e67 are a few thing\n+00049890: 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 723a 0a0a s to remember:..\n+000498a0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2044 7269 7665 206f 7264 ... Drive ord\n+000498b0: 6572 696e 6720 696e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 ering in your op\n+000498c0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206d erating system m\n+000498d0: 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 7468 6520 7361 ay not be the sa\n+000498e0: 6d65 2061 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 me as the. b\n+000498f0: 6f6f 7420 6472 6976 6520 6f72 6465 7269 oot drive orderi\n+00049900: 6e67 2075 7365 6420 6279 2079 6f75 7220 ng used by your \n+00049910: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2044 6f20 6e6f firmware. Do no\n+00049920: 7420 6173 7375 6d65 2074 6861 7420 796f t assume that yo\n+00049930: 7572 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 6861 ur. first ha\n+00049940: 7264 2064 7269 7665 2028 652e 672e 2020 rd drive (e.g. \n+00049950: e280 982f 6465 762f 7364 61e2 8099 2920 .../dev/sda...) \n+00049960: 6973 2074 6865 206f 6e65 2074 6861 7420 is the one that \n+00049970: 796f 7572 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 2020 your firmware. \n+00049980: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2066 726f will boot fro\n+00049990: 6d2e 2020 e280 9864 6576 6963 652e 6d61 m. ...device.ma\n+000499a0: 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 p... (*note Devi\n+000499b0: 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 2920 6361 6e20 6265 ce map::) can be\n+000499c0: 2075 7365 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 used to. ov\n+000499d0: 6572 7269 6465 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 erride this, but\n+000499e0: 2069 7420 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2062 it is usually b\n+000499f0: 6574 7465 7220 746f 2075 7365 2055 5549 etter to use UUI\n+00049a00: 4473 206f 7220 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 Ds or file syste\n+00049a10: 6d0a 2020 2020 206c 6162 656c 7320 616e m. labels an\n+00049a20: 6420 6176 6f69 6420 6465 7065 6e64 696e d avoid dependin\n+00049a30: 6720 6f6e 2064 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 g on drive order\n+00049a40: 696e 6720 656e 7469 7265 6c79 2e0a 0a20 ing entirely... \n+00049a50: 2020 e280 a220 4174 206c 6561 7374 206f ... At least o\n+00049a60: 6e20 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 n BIOS systems, \n+00049a70: 6966 2079 6f75 2074 656c 6c20 e280 9867 if you tell ...g\n+00049a80: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2074 rub-install... t\n+00049a90: 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2047 o install. G\n+00049aa0: 5255 4220 746f 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 RUB to a partiti\n+00049ab0: 6f6e 2062 7574 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 on but GRUB has \n+00049ac0: 616c 7265 6164 7920 6265 656e 2069 6e73 already been ins\n+00049ad0: 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 talled in the. \n+00049ae0: 2020 206d 6173 7465 7220 626f 6f74 2072 master boot r\n+00049af0: 6563 6f72 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 ecord, then the \n+00049b00: 4752 5542 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f GRUB installatio\n+00049b10: 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 n in the partiti\n+00049b20: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 on. will be \n+00049b30: 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ignored... ...\n+00049b40: 2049 6620 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 6974 If possible, it\n+00049b50: 2069 7320 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6265 is generally be\n+00049b60: 7374 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 696e 7374 st to avoid inst\n+00049b70: 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 alling GRUB to a\n+00049b80: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 . partition \n+00049b90: 2875 6e6c 6573 7320 6974 2069 7320 6120 (unless it is a \n+00049ba0: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f special partitio\n+00049bb0: 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 n for the use of\n+00049bc0: 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2061 6c6f 6e65 GRUB. alone\n+00049bd0: 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 7468 6520 4249 , such as the BI\n+00049be0: 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f OS Boot Partitio\n+00049bf0: 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4750 5429 2e20 n used on GPT). \n+00049c00: 446f 696e 6720 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 Doing this. \n+00049c10: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 means that GRUB \n+00049c20: 6d61 7920 7374 6f70 2062 6569 6e67 2061 may stop being a\n+00049c30: 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 6974 7320 ble to read its \n+00049c40: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2064 7565 2074 core image due t\n+00049c50: 6f20 610a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 o a. file sy\n+00049c60: 7374 656d 206d 6f76 696e 6720 626c 6f63 stem moving bloc\n+00049c70: 6b73 2061 726f 756e 642c 2073 7563 6820 ks around, such \n+00049c80: 6173 2077 6869 6c65 2064 6566 7261 676d as while defragm\n+00049c90: 656e 7469 6e67 2c0a 2020 2020 2072 756e enting,. run\n+00049ca0: 6e69 6e67 2063 6865 636b 732c 206f 7220 ning checks, or \n+00049cb0: 6576 656e 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e6f 726d even during norm\n+00049cc0: 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 al operation. I\n+00049cd0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 nstalling to the\n+00049ce0: 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b . whole disk\n+00049cf0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 device is norma\n+00049d00: 6c6c 7920 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 7573 742e lly more robust.\n+00049d10: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2043 6865 636b 2074 .. ... Check t\n+00049d20: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2061 6374 7561 6c6c hat GRUB actuall\n+00049d30: 7920 6b6e 6f77 7320 686f 7720 746f 2072 y knows how to r\n+00049d40: 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2064 6576 ead from the dev\n+00049d50: 6963 6520 616e 6420 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 ice and file. \n+00049d60: 2020 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f6e 7461 696e system contain\n+00049d70: 696e 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 ing .../boot/gru\n+00049d80: 62e2 8099 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 206e b.... It will n\n+00049d90: 6f74 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 ot be able to re\n+00049da0: 6164 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 ad from. enc\n+00049db0: 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 rypted devices w\n+00049dc0: 6974 6820 756e 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 ith unsupported \n+00049dd0: 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2073 6368 656d encryption schem\n+00049de0: 652c 206e 6f72 2066 726f 6d20 6669 6c65 e, nor from file\n+00049df0: 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 7320 666f . systems fo\n+00049e00: 7220 7768 6963 6820 7375 7070 6f72 7420 r which support \n+00049e10: 6861 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 7420 6265 656e has not yet been\n+00049e20: 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a added to GRUB..\n+00049e30: 0a .\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info-2", "source2": "grub.info-2", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3175 +1,3175 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 3220 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7465 7.2 from grub.te\n 00000040: 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c xi...This manual\n 00000050: 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 5542 is for GNU GRUB\n 00000060: 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 2c20 (version 2.12, \n-00000070: 3132 204f 6374 6f62 6572 2032 3032 3629 12 October 2026)\n-00000080: 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 ... 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Versi\n-00000180: 6f6e 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 on 1.2 or any la\n-00000190: 7465 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c ter version publ\n-000001a0: 6973 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 ished by the Fre\n-000001b0: 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 e Software. \n-000001c0: 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 Foundation; with\n-000001d0: 206e 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 no Invariant Se\n-000001e0: 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 ctions..INFO-DIR\n-000001f0: 2d53 4543 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a -SECTION Kernel.\n-00000200: 5354 4152 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 START-INFO-DIR-E\n-00000210: 4e54 5259 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 NTRY.* GRUB: (gr\n-00000220: 7562 292e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ub). \n-00000230: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 The GRand U\n-00000240: 6e69 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 nified Bootloade\n-00000250: 720a 2a20 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c r.* grub-install\n-00000260: 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 : (grub)Invoking\n-00000270: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 grub-install. \n-00000280: 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f Install GRUB o\n-00000290: 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 n your drive.* g\n-000002a0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 rub-mkconfig: (g\n-000002b0: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n-000002c0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e b-mkconfig. Gen\n-000002d0: 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 erate GRUB confi\n-000002e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d guration.* grub-\n-000002f0: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a mkpasswd-pbkdf2:\n-00000300: 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (grub)Invoking \n-00000310: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n-00000320: 6b64 6632 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 kdf2..* grub-mkr\n-00000330: 656c 7061 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e elpath: (grub)In\n-00000340: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00000350: 6c70 6174 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b lpath..* grub-mk\n-00000360: 7265 7363 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e rescue: (grub)In\n-00000370: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00000380: 7363 7565 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 scue. Make a GR\n-00000390: 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a UB rescue image.\n-000003a0: 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2867 * grub-mount: (g\n-000003b0: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n-000003c0: 622d 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 b-mount. \n-000003d0: 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 Mount a file sys\n-000003e0: 7465 6d20 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a tem using GRUB.*\n-000003f0: 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a 2028 6772 grub-probe: (gr\n-00000400: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000410: 2d70 726f 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2050 -probe. P\n-00000420: 726f 6265 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f robe device info\n-00000430: 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d73 rmation.* grub-s\n-00000440: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 6772 cript-check: (gr\n-00000450: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000460: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e 0a45 -script-check..E\n-00000470: 4e44 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 ND-INFO-DIR-ENTR\n-00000480: 590a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e Y....File: grub.\n-00000490: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6972 info, Node: Fir\n-000004a0: 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 mware stalls ins\n-000004b0: 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 tead of booting \n-000004c0: 4752 5542 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 5255 GRUB, Prev: GRU\n-000004d0: 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 B only offers a \n-000004e0: 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 2055 rescue shell, U\n-000004f0: 703a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 p: Troubleshooti\n-00000500: 6e67 0a0a 3233 2e32 2046 6972 6d77 6172 ng..23.2 Firmwar\n-00000510: 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 e stalls instead\n-00000520: 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 of booting GRUB\n-00000530: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00000070: 3920 5365 7074 656d 6265 7220 3230 3235 9 September 2025\n+00000080: 292e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 6874 )... Copyright\n+00000090: 20c2 a90a 3139 3939 2c32 3030 302c 3230 ...1999,2000,20\n+000000a0: 3031 2c32 3030 322c 3230 3034 2c32 3030 01,2002,2004,200\n+000000b0: 362c 3230 3038 2c32 3030 392c 3230 3130 6,2008,2009,2010\n+000000c0: 2c32 3031 312c 3230 3132 2c32 3031 3320 ,2011,2012,2013 \n+000000d0: 4672 6565 0a53 6f66 7477 6172 6520 466f Free.Software Fo\n+000000e0: 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 2c20 496e 632e 0a0a undation, Inc...\n+000000f0: 2020 2020 2050 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 Permission \n+00000100: 6973 2067 7261 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 636f is granted to co\n+00000110: 7079 2c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 2061 py, distribute a\n+00000120: 6e64 2f6f 7220 6d6f 6469 6679 2074 6869 nd/or modify thi\n+00000130: 730a 2020 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 s. document \n+00000140: 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 7465 726d 7320 under the terms \n+00000150: 6f66 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 of the GNU Free \n+00000160: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 Documentation Li\n+00000170: 6365 6e73 652c 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7273 cense,. Vers\n+00000180: 696f 6e20 312e 3220 6f72 2061 6e79 206c ion 1.2 or any l\n+00000190: 6174 6572 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2070 7562 ater version pub\n+000001a0: 6c69 7368 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4672 lished by the Fr\n+000001b0: 6565 2053 6f66 7477 6172 650a 2020 2020 ee Software. \n+000001c0: 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e3b 2077 6974 Foundation; wit\n+000001d0: 6820 6e6f 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 h no Invariant S\n+000001e0: 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 0a49 4e46 4f2d 4449 ections..INFO-DI\n+000001f0: 522d 5345 4354 494f 4e20 4b65 726e 656c R-SECTION Kernel\n+00000200: 0a53 5441 5254 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d .START-INFO-DIR-\n+00000210: 454e 5452 590a 2a20 4752 5542 3a20 2867 ENTRY.* GRUB: (g\n+00000220: 7275 6229 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rub). \n+00000230: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 4752 616e 6420 The GRand \n+00000240: 556e 6966 6965 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f 6164 Unified Bootload\n+00000250: 6572 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c er.* grub-instal\n+00000260: 6c3a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e l: (grub)Invokin\n+00000270: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2e20 g grub-install. \n+00000280: 2020 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 Install GRUB \n+00000290: 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a 2a20 on your drive.* \n+000002a0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 2028 grub-mkconfig: (\n+000002b0: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n+000002c0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 672e 2020 4765 ub-mkconfig. Ge\n+000002d0: 6e65 7261 7465 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 nerate GRUB conf\n+000002e0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 iguration.* grub\n+000002f0: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n+00000300: 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 : (grub)Invoking\n+00000310: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 grub-mkpasswd-p\n+00000320: 626b 6466 322e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b bkdf2..* grub-mk\n+00000330: 7265 6c70 6174 683a 2028 6772 7562 2949 relpath: (grub)I\n+00000340: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+00000350: 656c 7061 7468 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d elpath..* grub-m\n+00000360: 6b72 6573 6375 653a 2028 6772 7562 2949 krescue: (grub)I\n+00000370: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+00000380: 6573 6375 652e 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2047 escue. Make a G\n+00000390: 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 RUB rescue image\n+000003a0: 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a 2028 .* grub-mount: (\n+000003b0: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n+000003c0: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 ub-mount. \n+000003d0: 204d 6f75 6e74 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 Mount a file sy\n+000003e0: 7374 656d 2075 7369 6e67 2047 5255 420a stem using GRUB.\n+000003f0: 2a20 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a20 2867 * grub-probe: (g\n+00000400: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n+00000410: 622d 7072 6f62 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 b-probe. \n+00000420: 5072 6f62 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 Probe device inf\n+00000430: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d ormation.* grub-\n+00000440: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 3a20 2867 script-check: (g\n+00000450: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n+00000460: 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2e0a b-script-check..\n+00000470: 454e 442d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 END-INFO-DIR-ENT\n+00000480: 5259 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 RY....File: grub\n+00000490: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 .info, Node: Fi\n+000004a0: 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e rmware stalls in\n+000004b0: 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 stead of booting\n+000004c0: 2047 5255 422c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4752 GRUB, Prev: GR\n+000004d0: 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 UB only offers a\n+000004e0: 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2020 rescue shell, \n+000004f0: 5570 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 Up: Troubleshoot\n+00000500: 696e 670a 0a32 332e 3220 4669 726d 7761 ing..23.2 Firmwa\n+00000510: 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 re stalls instea\n+00000520: 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 d of booting GRU\n+00000530: 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d B.==============\n 00000540: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n-00000560: 6865 2045 4649 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 he EFI implement\n-00000570: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2073 6f6d 6520 6f6c ation of some ol\n-00000580: 6465 7220 4d61 6342 6f6f 6b20 6c61 7074 der MacBook lapt\n-00000590: 6f70 7320 7374 616c 6c73 2077 6865 6e20 ops stalls when \n-000005a0: 6974 2067 6574 730a 7072 6573 656e 7465 it gets.presente\n-000005b0: 6420 6120 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 d a grub-mkrescu\n-000005c0: 6520 4953 4f20 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 e ISO image for \n-000005d0: 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 2074 6172 6765 x86_64-efi targe\n-000005e0: 7420 6f6e 2061 6e20 5553 420a 7374 6963 t on an USB.stic\n-000005f0: 6b2e 2020 4166 6665 6374 6564 2061 7265 k. Affected are\n-00000600: 206d 6f64 656c 7320 6f66 2079 6561 7220 models of year \n-00000610: 3230 3130 206f 7220 6561 726c 6965 722e 2010 or earlier.\n-00000620: 2020 576f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7320 Workaround is \n-00000630: 746f 0a7a 6572 6f69 7a65 2074 6865 2062 to.zeroize the b\n-00000640: 7974 6573 2034 3436 2074 6f20 3436 3120 ytes 446 to 461 \n-00000650: 6f66 2074 6865 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 of the EFI parti\n-00000660: 7469 6f6e 2c20 7768 6572 6520 6d66 6f72 tion, where mfor\n-00000670: 6d61 7420 6861 7320 7075 740a 6120 7061 mat has put.a pa\n-00000680: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e rtition table en\n-00000690: 7472 7920 7768 6963 6820 636c 6169 6d73 try which claims\n-000006a0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 7274 partition start\n-000006b0: 2061 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 302e 2020 5468 at block 0. Th\n-000006c0: 6973 0a63 6861 6e67 6520 7769 6c6c 206e is.change will n\n-000006d0: 6f74 2068 616d 7065 7220 626f 6f74 6162 ot hamper bootab\n-000006e0: 696c 6974 7920 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 206d ility on other m\n-000006f0: 6163 6869 6e65 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 achines.....File\n-00000700: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00000710: 6465 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 de: User-space u\n-00000720: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a tilities, Next:\n-00000730: 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 Obtaining and B\n-00000740: 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2050 uilding GRUB, P\n-00000750: 7265 763a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f rev: Troubleshoo\n-00000760: 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a ting, Up: Top..\n-00000770: 3234 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 24 User-space ut\n-00000780: 696c 6974 6965 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ilities.********\n-00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-000007a0: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e 766f .* Menu:..* Invo\n-000007b0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c king grub-instal\n-000007c0: 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f l:: How to\n-000007d0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 696e use the GRUB in\n-000007e0: 7374 616c 6c65 720a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 staller.* Invoki\n-000007f0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n-00000800: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 4765 6e65 7261 7465 :: Generate\n-00000810: 2061 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 a GRUB configur\n-00000820: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2049 6e76 ation file.* Inv\n-00000830: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 oking grub-mkpas\n-00000840: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 0a20 2020 swd-pbkdf2::. \n+00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00000560: 5468 6520 4546 4920 696d 706c 656d 656e The EFI implemen\n+00000570: 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 736f 6d65 206f tation of some o\n+00000580: 6c64 6572 204d 6163 426f 6f6b 206c 6170 lder MacBook lap\n+00000590: 746f 7073 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 7768 656e tops stalls when\n+000005a0: 2069 7420 6765 7473 0a70 7265 7365 6e74 it gets.present\n+000005b0: 6564 2061 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 ed a grub-mkresc\n+000005c0: 7565 2049 534f 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 ue ISO image for\n+000005d0: 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6920 7461 7267 x86_64-efi targ\n+000005e0: 6574 206f 6e20 616e 2055 5342 0a73 7469 et on an USB.sti\n+000005f0: 636b 2e20 2041 6666 6563 7465 6420 6172 ck. Affected ar\n+00000600: 6520 6d6f 6465 6c73 206f 6620 7965 6172 e models of year\n+00000610: 2032 3031 3020 6f72 2065 6172 6c69 6572 2010 or earlier\n+00000620: 2e20 2057 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 6973 . Workaround is\n+00000630: 2074 6f0a 7a65 726f 697a 6520 7468 6520 to.zeroize the \n+00000640: 6279 7465 7320 3434 3620 746f 2034 3631 bytes 446 to 461\n+00000650: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4546 4920 7061 7274 of the EFI part\n+00000660: 6974 696f 6e2c 2077 6865 7265 206d 666f ition, where mfo\n+00000670: 726d 6174 2068 6173 2070 7574 0a61 2070 rmat has put.a p\n+00000680: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 artition table e\n+00000690: 6e74 7279 2077 6869 6368 2063 6c61 696d ntry which claim\n+000006a0: 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7374 6172 s partition star\n+000006b0: 7420 6174 2062 6c6f 636b 2030 2e20 2054 t at block 0. T\n+000006c0: 6869 730a 6368 616e 6765 2077 696c 6c20 his.change will \n+000006d0: 6e6f 7420 6861 6d70 6572 2062 6f6f 7461 not hamper boota\n+000006e0: 6269 6c69 7479 206f 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 bility on other \n+000006f0: 6d61 6368 696e 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c machines.....Fil\n+00000700: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00000710: 6f64 653a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 ode: User-space \n+00000720: 7574 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 4e65 7874 utilities, Next\n+00000730: 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 : Obtaining and \n+00000740: 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 Building GRUB, \n+00000750: 5072 6576 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f Prev: Troublesho\n+00000760: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a oting, Up: Top.\n+00000770: 0a32 3420 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 .24 User-space u\n+00000780: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a tilities.*******\n+00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+000007a0: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e76 ..* Menu:..* Inv\n+000007b0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 oking grub-insta\n+000007c0: 6c6c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 ll:: How t\n+000007d0: 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 4752 5542 2069 o use the GRUB i\n+000007e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b nstaller.* Invok\n+000007f0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n+00000800: 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2047 656e 6572 6174 g:: Generat\n+00000810: 6520 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 e a GRUB configu\n+00000820: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 496e ration file.* In\n+00000830: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 voking grub-mkpa\n+00000840: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 3a0a 2020 sswd-pbkdf2::. \n 00000850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 656e Gen\n-00000870: 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6173 7377 erate GRUB passw\n-00000880: 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 0a2a 2049 6e76 ord hashes.* Inv\n-00000890: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c oking grub-mkrel\n-000008a0: 7061 7468 3a3a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 path:: Make \n-000008b0: 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 6c61 system path rela\n-000008c0: 7469 7665 2074 6f20 6974 7320 726f 6f74 tive to its root\n-000008d0: 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 .* Invoking grub\n-000008e0: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a20 2020 2020 -mkrescue:: \n-000008f0: 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 2072 6573 Make a GRUB res\n-00000900: 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a 2a20 496e 766f cue image.* Invo\n-00000910: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a king grub-mount:\n-00000920: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 : Mount \n-00000930: 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7573 a file system us\n-00000940: 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b ing GRUB.* Invok\n-00000950: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a3a ing grub-probe::\n-00000960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f 6265 2064 Probe d\n-00000970: 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f evice informatio\n-00000980: 6e20 666f 7220 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 n for GRUB.* Inv\n-00000990: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 oking grub-scrip\n-000009a0: 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 3a20 2043 6865 636b t-check:: Check\n-000009b0: 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 2066 696c GRUB script fil\n-000009c0: 6520 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 7272 e for syntax err\n-000009d0: 6f72 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ors....File: gru\n-000009e0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 b.info, Node: I\n-000009f0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 nvoking grub-ins\n-00000a00: 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 tall, Next: Inv\n-00000a10: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e oking grub-mkcon\n-00000a20: 6669 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 fig, Up: User-s\n-00000a30: 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a pace utilities..\n-00000a40: 3234 2e31 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 24.1 Invoking gr\n-00000a50: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ub-install.=====\n+00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4765 Ge\n+00000870: 6e65 7261 7465 2047 5255 4220 7061 7373 nerate GRUB pass\n+00000880: 776f 7264 2068 6173 6865 730a 2a20 496e word hashes.* In\n+00000890: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n+000008a0: 6c70 6174 683a 3a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 lpath:: Make\n+000008b0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 656c system path rel\n+000008c0: 6174 6976 6520 746f 2069 7473 2072 6f6f ative to its roo\n+000008d0: 740a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 t.* Invoking gru\n+000008e0: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 3a3a 2020 2020 b-mkrescue:: \n+000008f0: 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2047 5255 4220 7265 Make a GRUB re\n+00000900: 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a 2049 6e76 scue image.* Inv\n+00000910: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 oking grub-mount\n+00000920: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 :: Mount\n+00000930: 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2075 a file system u\n+00000940: 7369 6e67 2047 5255 420a 2a20 496e 766f sing GRUB.* Invo\n+00000950: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a king grub-probe:\n+00000960: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 6f62 6520 : Probe \n+00000970: 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 device informati\n+00000980: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2047 5255 420a 2a20 496e on for GRUB.* In\n+00000990: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 voking grub-scri\n+000009a0: 7074 2d63 6865 636b 3a3a 2020 4368 6563 pt-check:: Chec\n+000009b0: 6b20 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 6669 k GRUB script fi\n+000009c0: 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 6572 le for syntax er\n+000009d0: 726f 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 rors....File: gr\n+000009e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000009f0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e Invoking grub-in\n+00000a00: 7374 616c 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e stall, Next: In\n+00000a10: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n+00000a20: 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d nfig, Up: User-\n+00000a30: 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a space utilities.\n+00000a40: 0a32 342e 3120 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 .24.1 Invoking g\n+00000a50: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d rub-install.====\n 00000a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 =====..The progr\n-00000a80: 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 am ...grub-insta\n-00000a90: 6c6c e280 9920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 ll... generates \n-00000aa0: 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 a GRUB core imag\n-00000ab0: 6520 7573 696e 670a e280 9867 7275 622d e using....grub-\n-00000ac0: 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 2069 mkimage... and i\n-00000ad0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 6974 206f 6e20 796f nstalls it on yo\n-00000ae0: 7572 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 596f 7520 ur system. You \n-00000af0: 6d75 7374 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 must specify the\n-00000b00: 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6e20 .device name on \n-00000b10: 7768 6963 6820 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 which you want t\n-00000b20: 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 o install GRUB, \n-00000b30: 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 like this:.. \n-00000b40: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 494e grub-install IN\n-00000b50: 5354 414c 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 0a0a 2020 STALL_DEVICE.. \n-00000b60: 2054 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 The device name\n-00000b70: 2049 4e53 5441 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 4520 INSTALL_DEVICE \n-00000b80: 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 is an OS device \n-00000b90: 6e61 6d65 206f 7220 6120 4752 5542 2064 name or a GRUB d\n-00000ba0: 6576 6963 650a 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 evice.name... \n-00000bb0: e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 ...grub-install.\n-00000bc0: 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 .. accepts the f\n-00000bd0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ollowing options\n-00000be0: 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a :.....--help....\n-00000bf0: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d Print a sum\n-00000c00: 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d mary of the comm\n-00000c10: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 and-line options\n-00000c20: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d and exit......-\n-00000c30: 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 -version.... \n-00000c40: 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 Print the versi\n-00000c50: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 on number of GRU\n-00000c60: 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 B and exit......\n-00000c70: 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 --boot-directory\n-00000c80: 3d44 4952 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 =DIR.... Ins\n-00000c90: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6573 tall GRUB images\n-00000ca0: 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 under the direc\n-00000cb0: 746f 7279 20e2 8098 4449 522f 6772 7562 tory ...DIR/grub\n-00000cc0: 2fe2 8099 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e /... This option\n-00000cd0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 is. useful \n-00000ce0: 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f when you want to\n-00000cf0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e install GRUB in\n-00000d00: 746f 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 7061 to a separate pa\n-00000d10: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 2061 0a20 2020 rtition or a. \n-00000d20: 2020 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 6520 6469 736b removable disk\n-00000d30: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f . If this optio\n-00000d40: 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 2073 7065 6369 6669 n is not specifi\n-00000d50: 6564 2074 6865 6e20 6974 2064 6566 6175 ed then it defau\n-00000d60: 6c74 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 982f lts. to .../\n-00000d70: 626f 6f74 e280 992c 2073 6f0a 0a20 2020 boot..., so.. \n-00000d80: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 grub-inst\n-00000d90: 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 2020 all /dev/sda.. \n-00000da0: 2020 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 is equivalent\n-00000db0: 2074 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 to.. g\n-00000dc0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f rub-install --bo\n-00000dd0: 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 626f ot-directory=/bo\n-00000de0: 6f74 2f20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 2020 ot/ /dev/sda.. \n-00000df0: 2020 2048 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6578 Here is an ex\n-00000e00: 616d 706c 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 2079 ample in which y\n-00000e10: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6120 7365 7061 7261 ou have a separa\n-00000e20: 7465 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 e280 9d20 7061 te ...boot... pa\n-00000e30: 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 6869 rtition. whi\n-00000e40: 6368 2069 7320 6d6f 756e 7465 6420 6f6e ch is mounted on\n-00000e50: 20e2 8098 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 .../mnt/boot...\n-00000e60: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n-00000e70: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 b-install --boot\n-00000e80: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f -directory=/mnt/\n-00000e90: 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f 7364 620a 0ae2 boot /dev/sdb...\n-00000ea0: 8098 2d2d 7265 6368 6563 6be2 8099 0a20 ..--recheck.... \n-00000eb0: 2020 2020 5265 6368 6563 6b20 7468 6520 Recheck the \n-00000ec0: 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 6576 656e device map, even\n-00000ed0: 2069 6620 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 if .../boot/gru\n-00000ee0: 622f 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 9920 b/device.map... \n-00000ef0: 616c 7265 6164 790a 2020 2020 2065 7869 already. exi\n-00000f00: 7374 732e 2020 596f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 sts. You should\n-00000f10: 2075 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e use this option\n-00000f20: 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 796f 7520 6164 whenever you ad\n-00000f30: 642f 7265 6d6f 7665 2061 2064 6973 6b0a d/remove a disk.\n-00000f40: 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6f2f 6672 6f6d 2079 into/from y\n-00000f50: 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e0a 0ae2 our computer....\n-00000f60: 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d72 732d 636f 6465 73e2 ..--no-rs-codes.\n-00000f70: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 ... By defau\n-00000f80: 6c74 206f 6e20 7838 3620 4249 4f53 2073 lt on x86 BIOS s\n-00000f90: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d ystems, ...grub-\n-00000fa0: 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 install... will \n-00000fb0: 7573 6520 736f 6d65 2065 7874 7261 0a20 use some extra. \n-00000fc0: 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 696e 2074 6865 space in the\n-00000fd0: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d 6265 bootloader embe\n-00000fe0: 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 2066 6f72 2052 dding area for R\n-00000ff0: 6565 642d 536f 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 eed-Solomon. \n-00001000: 2065 7272 6f72 2d63 6f72 7265 6374 696e error-correctin\n-00001010: 6720 636f 6465 732e 2020 5468 6973 2065 g codes. This e\n-00001020: 6e61 626c 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f 2073 nables GRUB to s\n-00001030: 7469 6c6c 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 till boot. s\n-00001040: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 2073 uccessfully if s\n-00001050: 6f6d 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 2061 7265 2063 ome blocks are c\n-00001060: 6f72 7275 7074 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2065 orrupted. The e\n-00001070: 7861 6374 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 0a20 xact amount of. \n-00001080: 2020 2020 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 206f protection o\n-00001090: 6666 6572 6564 2069 7320 6465 7065 6e64 ffered is depend\n-000010a0: 656e 7420 6f6e 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ent on available\n-000010b0: 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 6520 656d space in the em\n-000010c0: 6265 6464 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 bedding. are\n-000010d0: 612e 2020 5220 7365 6374 6f72 7320 6f66 a. R sectors of\n-000010e0: 2072 6564 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6361 6e20 redundancy can \n-000010f0: 746f 6c65 7261 7465 2075 7020 746f 2052 tolerate up to R\n-00001100: 2f32 2063 6f72 7275 7074 6564 0a20 2020 /2 corrupted. \n-00001110: 2020 7365 6374 6f72 732e 2020 5468 6973 sectors. This\n-00001120: 2072 6564 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6d61 7920 redundancy may \n-00001130: 6265 2063 756d 6265 7273 6f6d 6520 6966 be cumbersome if\n-00001140: 2061 7474 656d 7074 696e 6720 746f 0a20 attempting to. \n-00001150: 2020 2020 6372 7970 746f 6772 6170 6869 cryptographi\n-00001160: 6361 6c6c 7920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2074 cally validate t\n-00001170: 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 he contents of t\n-00001180: 6865 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d he bootloader em\n-00001190: 6265 6464 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 bedding. are\n-000011a0: 612c 206f 7220 696e 206d 6f72 6520 6d6f a, or in more mo\n-000011b0: 6465 726e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6974 dern systems wit\n-000011c0: 6820 4750 542d 7374 796c 6520 7061 7274 h GPT-style part\n-000011d0: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 0a20 2020 ition tables. \n-000011e0: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 494f 5320 696e (*note BIOS in\n-000011f0: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7768 stallation::) wh\n-00001200: 6572 6520 4752 5542 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f ere GRUB does no\n-00001210: 7420 7265 7369 6465 2069 6e20 616e 790a t reside in any.\n-00001220: 2020 2020 2075 6e70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e unpartition\n-00001230: 6564 2073 7061 6365 206f 7574 7369 6465 ed space outside\n-00001240: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4d42 522e 2044 6973 of the MBR. Dis\n-00001250: 6162 6c65 2074 6865 2052 6565 642d 536f able the Reed-So\n-00001260: 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 6573 lomon. codes\n-00001270: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f with this optio\n-00001280: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n-00001290: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .info, Node: In\n-000012a0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n-000012b0: 6e66 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 nfig, Next: Inv\n-000012c0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 oking grub-mkpas\n-000012d0: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 7265 swd-pbkdf2, Pre\n-000012e0: 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 v: Invoking grub\n-000012f0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2055 -install, Up: U\n-00001300: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n-00001310: 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3220 496e 766f 6b69 ies..24.2 Invoki\n-00001320: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n-00001330: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-00001350: 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 e program ...gru\n-00001360: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6765 b-mkconfig... ge\n-00001370: 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 636f 6e66 6967 nerates a config\n-00001380: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 uration file for\n-00001390: 2047 5255 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d GRUB.(*note Sim\n-000013a0: 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple configuratio\n-000013b0: 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 n::)... grub\n-000013c0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6720 2d6f 202f 626f -mkconfig -o /bo\n-000013d0: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n-000013e0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 .. ...grub-mkc\n-000013f0: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 onfig... accepts\n-00001400: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f the following o\n-00001410: 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 ptions:.....--he\n-00001420: 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 lp.... Print\n-00001430: 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 a summary of th\n-00001440: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f e command-line o\n-00001450: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e ptions and exit.\n-00001460: 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 .....--version..\n-00001470: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 .. Print the\n-00001480: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 version number \n-00001490: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 of GRUB and exit\n-000014a0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 8099 ......-o FILE...\n-000014b0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 494c ....--output=FIL\n-000014c0: 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6e64 2074 E.... Send t\n-000014d0: 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2063 6f6e he generated con\n-000014e0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-000014f0: 746f 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 6465 to FILE. The de\n-00001500: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 fault is to. \n-00001510: 2073 656e 6420 6974 2074 6f20 7374 616e send it to stan\n-00001520: 6461 7264 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a dard output.....\n-00001530: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00001540: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Node: Invoking\n-00001550: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 grub-mkpasswd-p\n-00001560: 626b 6466 322c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e bkdf2, Next: In\n-00001570: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00001580: 6c70 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e lpath, Prev: In\n-00001590: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n-000015a0: 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d nfig, Up: User-\n-000015b0: 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a space utilities.\n-000015c0: 0a32 342e 3320 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 .24.3 Invoking g\n-000015d0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b rub-mkpasswd-pbk\n-000015e0: 6466 320a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d df2.============\n+00000a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 ======..The prog\n+00000a80: 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 ram ...grub-inst\n+00000a90: 616c 6ce2 8099 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 all... generates\n+00000aa0: 2061 2047 5255 4220 636f 7265 2069 6d61 a GRUB core ima\n+00000ab0: 6765 2075 7369 6e67 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 ge using....grub\n+00000ac0: 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 616e 6420 -mkimage... and \n+00000ad0: 696e 7374 616c 6c73 2069 7420 6f6e 2079 installs it on y\n+00000ae0: 6f75 7220 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2059 6f75 our system. You\n+00000af0: 206d 7573 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 must specify th\n+00000b00: 650a 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6f6e e.device name on\n+00000b10: 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 which you want \n+00000b20: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 422c to install GRUB,\n+00000b30: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 like this:.. \n+00000b40: 2020 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2049 grub-install I\n+00000b50: 4e53 5441 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 450a 0a20 NSTALL_DEVICE.. \n+00000b60: 2020 5468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d The device nam\n+00000b70: 6520 494e 5354 414c 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 e INSTALL_DEVICE\n+00000b80: 2069 7320 616e 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 is an OS device\n+00000b90: 206e 616d 6520 6f72 2061 2047 5255 4220 name or a GRUB \n+00000ba0: 6465 7669 6365 0a6e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 device.name... \n+00000bb0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n+00000bc0: e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 ... accepts the \n+00000bd0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e following option\n+00000be0: 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 s:.....--help...\n+00000bf0: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 . Print a su\n+00000c00: 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d mmary of the com\n+00000c10: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e mand-line option\n+00000c20: 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 s and exit......\n+00000c30: 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 --version.... \n+00000c40: 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 Print the vers\n+00000c50: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 ion number of GR\n+00000c60: 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 UB and exit.....\n+00000c70: 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 .--boot-director\n+00000c80: 793d 4449 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e y=DIR.... In\n+00000c90: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 stall GRUB image\n+00000ca0: 7320 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 6469 7265 s under the dire\n+00000cb0: 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9844 4952 2f67 7275 ctory ...DIR/gru\n+00000cc0: 622f e280 9920 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f b/... This optio\n+00000cd0: 6e20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6566 756c n is. useful\n+00000ce0: 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 when you want t\n+00000cf0: 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 o install GRUB i\n+00000d00: 6e74 6f20 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 2070 nto a separate p\n+00000d10: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 610a 2020 artition or a. \n+00000d20: 2020 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2064 6973 removable dis\n+00000d30: 6b2e 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 k. If this opti\n+00000d40: 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 on is not specif\n+00000d50: 6965 6420 7468 656e 2069 7420 6465 6661 ied then it defa\n+00000d60: 756c 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 8098 ults. to ...\n+00000d70: 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 2c20 736f 0a0a 2020 /boot..., so.. \n+00000d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 grub-ins\n+00000d90: 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 tall /dev/sda.. \n+00000da0: 2020 2020 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e is equivalen\n+00000db0: 7420 746f 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t to.. \n+00000dc0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 grub-install --b\n+00000dd0: 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f62 oot-directory=/b\n+00000de0: 6f6f 742f 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 oot/ /dev/sda.. \n+00000df0: 2020 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 Here is an e\n+00000e00: 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 xample in which \n+00000e10: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2061 2073 6570 6172 you have a separ\n+00000e20: 6174 6520 e280 9c62 6f6f 74e2 809d 2070 ate ...boot... p\n+00000e30: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7768 artition. wh\n+00000e40: 6963 6820 6973 206d 6f75 6e74 6564 206f ich is mounted o\n+00000e50: 6e20 e280 982f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 e280 n .../mnt/boot..\n+00000e60: 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 .:.. gr\n+00000e70: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f ub-install --boo\n+00000e80: 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 t-directory=/mnt\n+00000e90: 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6462 0a0a /boot /dev/sdb..\n+00000ea0: e280 982d 2d72 6563 6865 636b e280 990a ...--recheck....\n+00000eb0: 2020 2020 2052 6563 6865 636b 2074 6865 Recheck the\n+00000ec0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2065 7665 device map, eve\n+00000ed0: 6e20 6966 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 n if .../boot/gr\n+00000ee0: 7562 2f64 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 ub/device.map...\n+00000ef0: 2061 6c72 6561 6479 0a20 2020 2020 6578 already. ex\n+00000f00: 6973 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 2073 686f 756c ists. You shoul\n+00000f10: 6420 7573 6520 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f d use this optio\n+00000f20: 6e20 7768 656e 6576 6572 2079 6f75 2061 n whenever you a\n+00000f30: 6464 2f72 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6469 736b dd/remove a disk\n+00000f40: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 746f 2f66 726f 6d20 . into/from \n+00000f50: 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e 0a0a your computer...\n+00000f60: e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 7273 2d63 6f64 6573 ...--no-rs-codes\n+00000f70: e280 990a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 .... By defa\n+00000f80: 756c 7420 6f6e 2078 3836 2042 494f 5320 ult on x86 BIOS \n+00000f90: 7379 7374 656d 732c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 systems, ...grub\n+00000fa0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 7769 6c6c -install... will\n+00000fb0: 2075 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 6578 7472 610a use some extra.\n+00000fc0: 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 space in th\n+00000fd0: 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 6d62 e bootloader emb\n+00000fe0: 6564 6469 6e67 2061 7265 6120 666f 7220 edding area for \n+00000ff0: 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 0a20 2020 Reed-Solomon. \n+00001000: 2020 6572 726f 722d 636f 7272 6563 7469 error-correcti\n+00001010: 6e67 2063 6f64 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 ng codes. This \n+00001020: 656e 6162 6c65 7320 4752 5542 2074 6f20 enables GRUB to \n+00001030: 7374 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 still boot. \n+00001040: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2069 6620 successfully if \n+00001050: 736f 6d65 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 6172 6520 some blocks are \n+00001060: 636f 7272 7570 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 corrupted. The \n+00001070: 6578 6163 7420 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 660a exact amount of.\n+00001080: 2020 2020 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 protection \n+00001090: 6f66 6665 7265 6420 6973 2064 6570 656e offered is depen\n+000010a0: 6465 6e74 206f 6e20 6176 6169 6c61 626c dent on availabl\n+000010b0: 6520 7370 6163 6520 696e 2074 6865 2065 e space in the e\n+000010c0: 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6172 mbedding. ar\n+000010d0: 6561 2e20 2052 2073 6563 746f 7273 206f ea. R sectors o\n+000010e0: 6620 7265 6475 6e64 616e 6379 2063 616e f redundancy can\n+000010f0: 2074 6f6c 6572 6174 6520 7570 2074 6f20 tolerate up to \n+00001100: 522f 3220 636f 7272 7570 7465 640a 2020 R/2 corrupted. \n+00001110: 2020 2073 6563 746f 7273 2e20 2054 6869 sectors. Thi\n+00001120: 7320 7265 6475 6e64 616e 6379 206d 6179 s redundancy may\n+00001130: 2062 6520 6375 6d62 6572 736f 6d65 2069 be cumbersome i\n+00001140: 6620 6174 7465 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 6f0a f attempting to.\n+00001150: 2020 2020 2063 7279 7074 6f67 7261 7068 cryptograph\n+00001160: 6963 616c 6c79 2076 616c 6964 6174 6520 ically validate \n+00001170: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 the contents of \n+00001180: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 the bootloader e\n+00001190: 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6172 mbedding. ar\n+000011a0: 6561 2c20 6f72 2069 6e20 6d6f 7265 206d ea, or in more m\n+000011b0: 6f64 6572 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 odern systems wi\n+000011c0: 7468 2047 5054 2d73 7479 6c65 2070 6172 th GPT-style par\n+000011d0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 730a 2020 tition tables. \n+000011e0: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 (*note BIOS i\n+000011f0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 nstallation::) w\n+00001200: 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 206e here GRUB does n\n+00001210: 6f74 2072 6573 6964 6520 696e 2061 6e79 ot reside in any\n+00001220: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 7061 7274 6974 696f . unpartitio\n+00001230: 6e65 6420 7370 6163 6520 6f75 7473 6964 ned space outsid\n+00001240: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 204d 4252 2e20 4469 e of the MBR. Di\n+00001250: 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 5265 6564 2d53 sable the Reed-S\n+00001260: 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6465 olomon. code\n+00001270: 7320 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 s with this opti\n+00001280: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n+00001290: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 b.info, Node: I\n+000012a0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 nvoking grub-mkc\n+000012b0: 6f6e 6669 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e onfig, Next: In\n+000012c0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 voking grub-mkpa\n+000012d0: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5072 sswd-pbkdf2, Pr\n+000012e0: 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 ev: Invoking gru\n+000012f0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 b-install, Up: \n+00001300: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n+00001310: 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e32 2049 6e76 6f6b ties..24.2 Invok\n+00001320: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n+00001330: 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d g.==============\n+00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n+00001350: 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 he program ...gr\n+00001360: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2067 ub-mkconfig... g\n+00001370: 656e 6572 6174 6573 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 enerates a confi\n+00001380: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 666f guration file fo\n+00001390: 7220 4752 5542 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 r GRUB.(*note Si\n+000013a0: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple configurati\n+000013b0: 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 on::)... gru\n+000013c0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 202d 6f20 2f62 b-mkconfig -o /b\n+000013d0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 oot/grub/grub.cf\n+000013e0: 670a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b g.. ...grub-mk\n+000013f0: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 config... accept\n+00001400: 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 s the following \n+00001410: 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 options:.....--h\n+00001420: 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e elp.... Prin\n+00001430: 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 t a summary of t\n+00001440: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 he command-line \n+00001450: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 options and exit\n+00001460: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 ......--version.\n+00001470: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 ... Print th\n+00001480: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 e version number\n+00001490: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 of GRUB and exi\n+000014a0: 742e 0a0a e280 982d 6f20 4649 4c45 e280 t......-o FILE..\n+000014b0: 990a e280 982d 2d6f 7574 7075 743d 4649 .....--output=FI\n+000014c0: 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 656e 6420 LE.... Send \n+000014d0: 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 636f the generated co\n+000014e0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+000014f0: 2074 6f20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2064 to FILE. The d\n+00001500: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 0a20 2020 efault is to. \n+00001510: 2020 7365 6e64 2069 7420 746f 2073 7461 send it to sta\n+00001520: 6e64 6172 6420 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f ndard output....\n+00001530: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00001540: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Node: Invokin\n+00001550: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g grub-mkpasswd-\n+00001560: 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 pbkdf2, Next: I\n+00001570: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+00001580: 656c 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 elpath, Prev: I\n+00001590: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 nvoking grub-mkc\n+000015a0: 6f6e 6669 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 onfig, Up: User\n+000015b0: 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 -space utilities\n+000015c0: 0a0a 3234 2e33 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 ..24.3 Invoking \n+000015d0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n+000015e0: 6b64 6632 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d kdf2.===========\n 000015f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 ======..The prog\n-00001610: 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 ram ...grub-mkpa\n-00001620: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2067 sswd-pbkdf2... g\n-00001630: 656e 6572 6174 6573 2070 6173 7377 6f72 enerates passwor\n-00001640: 6420 6861 7368 6573 2066 6f72 2047 5255 d hashes for GRU\n-00001650: 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 B.(*note Securit\n-00001660: 793a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 y::)... grub\n-00001670: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n-00001680: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 .. ...grub-mkp\n-00001690: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 asswd-pbkdf2... \n-000016a0: 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c accepts the foll\n-000016b0: 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a owing options:..\n-000016c0: e280 982d 6320 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a ...-c NUMBER....\n-000016d0: e280 982d 2d69 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 2d63 ...--iteration-c\n-000016e0: 6f75 6e74 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 ount=NUMBER.... \n-000016f0: 2020 2020 4e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6974 Number of it\n-00001700: 6572 6174 696f 6e73 206f 6620 7468 6520 erations of the \n-00001710: 756e 6465 726c 7969 6e67 2070 7365 7564 underlying pseud\n-00001720: 6f2d 7261 6e64 6f6d 2066 756e 6374 696f o-random functio\n-00001730: 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 n.. Defaults\n-00001740: 2074 6f20 3130 3030 302e 0a0a e280 982d to 10000......-\n-00001750: 6c20 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 982d l NUMBER.......-\n-00001760: 2d62 7566 6c65 6e3d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 -buflen=NUMBER..\n-00001770: 990a 2020 2020 204c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 .. Length of\n-00001780: 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2068 the generated h\n-00001790: 6173 682e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 ash. Defaults t\n-000017a0: 6f20 3634 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d73 204e 554d o 64......-s NUM\n-000017b0: 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7361 6c74 BER.......--salt\n-000017c0: 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 =NUMBER.... \n-000017d0: 4c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 7361 Length of the sa\n-000017e0: 6c74 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f lt. Defaults to\n-000017f0: 2036 342e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 64.....File: gr\n-00001800: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00001810: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-00001820: 7265 6c70 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 relpath, Next: \n-00001830: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-00001840: 7265 7363 7565 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 rescue, Prev: I\n-00001850: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 nvoking grub-mkp\n-00001860: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2055 asswd-pbkdf2, U\n-00001870: 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 p: User-space ut\n-00001880: 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3420 496e ilities..24.4 In\n-00001890: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-000018a0: 6c70 6174 680a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d lpath.==========\n+00001600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f =======..The pro\n+00001610: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 gram ...grub-mkp\n+00001620: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 asswd-pbkdf2... \n+00001630: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 7061 7373 776f generates passwo\n+00001640: 7264 2068 6173 6865 7320 666f 7220 4752 rd hashes for GR\n+00001650: 5542 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 UB.(*note Securi\n+00001660: 7479 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 ty::)... gru\n+00001670: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n+00001680: 320a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 2.. ...grub-mk\n+00001690: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 passwd-pbkdf2...\n+000016a0: 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c accepts the fol\n+000016b0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a lowing options:.\n+000016c0: 0ae2 8098 2d63 204e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 ....-c NUMBER...\n+000016d0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6974 6572 6174 696f 6e2d ....--iteration-\n+000016e0: 636f 756e 743d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a count=NUMBER....\n+000016f0: 2020 2020 204e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2069 Number of i\n+00001700: 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 6865 terations of the\n+00001710: 2075 6e64 6572 6c79 696e 6720 7073 6575 underlying pseu\n+00001720: 646f 2d72 616e 646f 6d20 6675 6e63 7469 do-random functi\n+00001730: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2044 6566 6175 6c74 on.. Default\n+00001740: 7320 746f 2031 3030 3030 2e0a 0ae2 8098 s to 10000......\n+00001750: 2d6c 204e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 8098 -l NUMBER.......\n+00001760: 2d2d 6275 666c 656e 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 --buflen=NUMBER.\n+00001770: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c65 6e67 7468 206f ... Length o\n+00001780: 6620 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 f the generated \n+00001790: 6861 7368 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 hash. Defaults \n+000017a0: 746f 2036 342e 0a0a e280 982d 7320 4e55 to 64......-s NU\n+000017b0: 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 982d 2d73 616c MBER.......--sal\n+000017c0: 743d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a 2020 2020 t=NUMBER.... \n+000017d0: 204c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2073 Length of the s\n+000017e0: 616c 742e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 alt. Defaults t\n+000017f0: 6f20 3634 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 o 64.....File: g\n+00001800: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00001810: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+00001820: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a krelpath, Next:\n+00001830: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+00001840: 6b72 6573 6375 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 krescue, Prev: \n+00001850: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+00001860: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 322c 2020 passwd-pbkdf2, \n+00001870: 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 Up: User-space u\n+00001880: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e34 2049 tilities..24.4 I\n+00001890: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+000018a0: 656c 7061 7468 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d elpath.=========\n 000018b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000018c0: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 ==..The program \n-000018d0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ...grub-mkrelpat\n-000018e0: 68e2 8099 206d 616b 6573 2061 2066 696c h... makes a fil\n-000018f0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 e system path re\n-00001900: 6c61 7469 7665 2074 6f20 7468 650a 726f lative to the.ro\n-00001910: 6f74 206f 6620 6974 7320 636f 6e74 6169 ot of its contai\n-00001920: 6e69 6e67 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d ning file system\n-00001930: 2e20 2046 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c . For instance,\n-00001940: 2069 6620 e280 982f 7573 72e2 8099 2069 if .../usr... i\n-00001950: 7320 6120 6d6f 756e 740a 706f 696e 742c s a mount.point,\n-00001960: 2074 6865 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 then:.. $ g\n-00001970: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 6820 2f75 rub-mkrelpath /u\n-00001980: 7372 2f73 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f 756e sr/share/grub/un\n-00001990: 6963 6f64 652e 7066 320a 2020 2020 20e2 icode.pf2. .\n-000019a0: 8098 2f73 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f 756e ../share/grub/un\n-000019b0: 6963 6f64 652e 7066 32e2 8099 0a0a 2020 icode.pf2..... \n-000019c0: 2054 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 This is mainly \n-000019d0: 7573 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 used internally \n-000019e0: 6279 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 7574 by other GRUB ut\n-000019f0: 696c 6974 6965 7320 7375 6368 2061 730a ilities such as.\n-00001a00: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n-00001a10: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ... (*note Invok\n-00001a20: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n-00001a30: 673a 3a29 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f63 g::), but may oc\n-00001a40: 6361 7369 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a61 6c73 6f20 casionally.also \n-00001a50: 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 6465 be useful for de\n-00001a60: 6275 6767 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 bugging... ...\n-00001a70: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 e280 grub-mkrelpath..\n-00001a80: 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f . accepts the fo\n-00001a90: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a llowing options:\n-00001aa0: 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 .....--help.... \n-00001ab0: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d Print a summ\n-00001ac0: 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ary of the comma\n-00001ad0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 nd-line options \n-00001ae0: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d and exit......--\n-00001af0: 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 version.... \n-00001b00: 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f Print the versio\n-00001b10: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 n number of GRUB\n-00001b20: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 and exit.....Fi\n-00001b30: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00001b40: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n-00001b50: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 204e rub-mkrescue, N\n-00001b60: 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ext: Invoking gr\n-00001b70: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a ub-mount, Prev:\n-00001b80: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n-00001b90: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2055 krelpath, Up: U\n-00001ba0: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n-00001bb0: 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3520 496e 766f 6b69 ies..24.5 Invoki\n-00001bc0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 ng grub-mkrescue\n-00001bd0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-00001bf0: 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 e program ...gru\n-00001c00: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 6765 b-mkrescue... ge\n-00001c10: 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 626f 6f74 6162 nerates a bootab\n-00001c20: 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 le GRUB rescue i\n-00001c30: 6d61 6765 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d61 6b69 mage.(*note Maki\n-00001c40: 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 ng a GRUB bootab\n-00001c50: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 le CD-ROM::)... \n-00001c60: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 grub-mkrescu\n-00001c70: 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 e -o grub.iso.. \n-00001c80: 2020 416c 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 All arguments \n-00001c90: 6e6f 7420 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c not explicitly l\n-00001ca0: 6973 7465 6420 6173 20e2 8098 6772 7562 isted as ...grub\n-00001cb0: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 206f 7074 -mkrescue... opt\n-00001cc0: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 0a70 6173 7365 6420 ions are.passed \n-00001cd0: 6f6e 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f 20e2 on directly to .\n-00001ce0: 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2069 6e20 ..xorriso... in \n-00001cf0: e280 986d 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 656d ...mkisofs... em\n-00001d00: 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2e20 204f ulation mode. O\n-00001d10: 7074 696f 6e73 0a70 6173 7365 6420 746f ptions.passed to\n-00001d20: 20e2 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2077 ...xorriso... w\n-00001d30: 696c 6c20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2062 6520 ill normally be \n-00001d40: 696e 7465 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 20e2 interpreted as .\n-00001d50: 8098 6d6b 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 206f 7074 ..mkisofs... opt\n-00001d60: 696f 6e73 3b0a 6966 2074 6865 206f 7074 ions;.if the opt\n-00001d70: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2de2 8099 2069 7320 ion ...--... is \n-00001d80: 7573 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2061 6e79 7468 used, then anyth\n-00001d90: 696e 6720 6166 7465 7220 7468 6174 2077 ing after that w\n-00001da0: 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 ill be interpret\n-00001db0: 6564 0a61 7320 6e61 7469 7665 20e2 8098 ed.as native ...\n-00001dc0: 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 206f 7074 696f xorriso... optio\n-00001dd0: 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 ns... Non-opti\n-00001de0: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2073 7065 on arguments spe\n-00001df0: 6369 6679 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 cify additional \n-00001e00: 736f 7572 6365 2064 6972 6563 746f 7269 source directori\n-00001e10: 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a63 6f6d es. This is.com\n-00001e20: 6d6f 6e6c 7920 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6164 monly used to ad\n-00001e30: 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 746f d extra files to\n-00001e40: 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 3a0a 0a20 2020 the image:.. \n-00001e50: 2020 6d6b 6469 7220 2d70 2064 6973 6b2f mkdir -p disk/\n-00001e60: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2028 boot/grub. (\n-00001e70: 6164 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 add extra files \n-00001e80: 746f 20e2 8098 6469 736b 2f62 6f6f 742f to ...disk/boot/\n-00001e90: 6772 7562 e280 9929 0a20 2020 2020 6772 grub...). gr\n-00001ea0: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 ub-mkrescue -o g\n-00001eb0: 7275 622e 6973 6f20 6469 736b 0a0a 2020 rub.iso disk.. \n-00001ec0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ...grub-mkrescu\n-00001ed0: 65e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 e... accepts the\n-00001ee0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f following optio\n-00001ef0: 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 ns:.....--help..\n-00001f00: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 .. Print a s\n-00001f10: 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f ummary of the co\n-00001f20: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f mmand-line optio\n-00001f30: 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 ns and exit.....\n-00001f40: 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 .--version.... \n-00001f50: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 Print the ver\n-00001f60: 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 sion number of G\n-00001f70: 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 RUB and exit....\n-00001f80: 8098 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 ..-o FILE.......\n-00001f90: 2d2d 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 --output=FILE...\n-00001fa0: 0a20 2020 2020 5361 7665 206f 7574 7075 . Save outpu\n-00001fb0: 7420 696e 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6973 t in FILE. This\n-00001fc0: 2022 6f70 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2072 6571 \"option\" is req\n-00001fd0: 7569 7265 642e 0a0a e280 982d 2d6d 6f64 uired......--mod\n-00001fe0: 756c 6573 3d4d 4f44 554c 4553 e280 990a ules=MODULES....\n-00001ff0: 2020 2020 2050 7265 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 Pre-load th\n-00002000: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 4752 5542 206d 6f64 e named GRUB mod\n-00002010: 756c 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 ules in the imag\n-00002020: 652e 2020 4d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2065 6e74 e. Multiple ent\n-00002030: 7269 6573 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 204d 4f44 ries in. MOD\n-00002040: 554c 4553 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2073 ULES should be s\n-00002050: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7768 6974 eparated by whit\n-00002060: 6573 7061 6365 2028 736f 2079 6f75 2077 espace (so you w\n-00002070: 696c 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 0a20 2020 ill probably. \n-00002080: 2020 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7175 6f74 6520 need to quote \n-00002090: 7468 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 7368 this for your sh\n-000020a0: 656c 6c29 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f 6d2d ell)......--rom-\n-000020b0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 4449 52e2 8099 directory=DIR...\n-000020c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 656e 6572 6174 . If generat\n-000020d0: 696e 6720 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2074 ing images for t\n-000020e0: 6865 2051 454d 5520 6f72 2043 6f72 6562 he QEMU or Coreb\n-000020f0: 6f6f 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c 2063 oot platforms, c\n-00002100: 6f70 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 opy the. res\n-00002110: 756c 7469 6e67 20e2 8098 7165 6d75 2e69 ulting ...qemu.i\n-00002120: 6d67 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 636f 7265 mg... or ...core\n-00002130: 626f 6f74 2e65 6c66 e280 9920 6669 6c65 boot.elf... file\n-00002140: 7320 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2074 s respectively t\n-00002150: 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 4952 2064 o the. DIR d\n-00002160: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 7765 6c6c irectory as well\n-00002170: 2061 7320 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 as including th\n-00002180: 656d 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 652e em in the image.\n-00002190: 0a0a e280 982d 2d78 6f72 7269 736f 3d46 .....--xorriso=F\n-000021a0: 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 ILE.... Use \n-000021b0: 4649 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9878 FILE as the ...x\n-000021c0: 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 orriso... progra\n-000021d0: 6d2c 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 m, rather than t\n-000021e0: 6865 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a 2020 2020 he built-in. \n-000021f0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d default......--\n-00002200: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 3d46 494c grub-mkimage=FIL\n-00002210: 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 E.... Use FI\n-00002220: 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 LE as the ...gru\n-00002230: 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2070 726f b-mkimage... pro\n-00002240: 6772 616d 2c20 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 gram, rather tha\n-00002250: 6e20 7468 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 n the built-in. \n-00002260: 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a default.....\n-00002270: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00002280: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Node: Invoking\n-00002290: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 grub-mount, Ne\n-000022a0: 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 xt: Invoking gru\n-000022b0: 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 b-probe, Prev: \n-000022c0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-000022d0: 7265 7363 7565 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 rescue, Up: Use\n-000022e0: 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n-000022f0: 730a 0a32 342e 3620 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 s..24.6 Invoking\n-00002300: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 740a 3d3d 3d3d grub-mount.====\n+000018c0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d ===..The program\n+000018d0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 ...grub-mkrelpa\n+000018e0: 7468 e280 9920 6d61 6b65 7320 6120 6669 th... makes a fi\n+000018f0: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 le system path r\n+00001900: 656c 6174 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 0a72 elative to the.r\n+00001910: 6f6f 7420 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 7461 oot of its conta\n+00001920: 696e 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 ining file syste\n+00001930: 6d2e 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 m. For instance\n+00001940: 2c20 6966 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 e280 9920 , if .../usr... \n+00001950: 6973 2061 206d 6f75 6e74 0a70 6f69 6e74 is a mount.point\n+00001960: 2c20 7468 656e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 , then:.. $ \n+00001970: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 202f grub-mkrelpath /\n+00001980: 7573 722f 7368 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f75 usr/share/grub/u\n+00001990: 6e69 636f 6465 2e70 6632 0a20 2020 2020 nicode.pf2. \n+000019a0: e280 982f 7368 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f75 .../share/grub/u\n+000019b0: 6e69 636f 6465 2e70 6632 e280 990a 0a20 nicode.pf2..... \n+000019c0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 This is mainly\n+000019d0: 2075 7365 6420 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 used internally\n+000019e0: 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7220 4752 5542 2075 by other GRUB u\n+000019f0: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 tilities such as\n+00001a00: 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ....grub-mkconfi\n+00001a10: 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f g... (*note Invo\n+00001a20: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n+00001a30: 6967 3a3a 292c 2062 7574 206d 6179 206f ig::), but may o\n+00001a40: 6363 6173 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 616c 736f ccasionally.also\n+00001a50: 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2064 be useful for d\n+00001a60: 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 ebugging... ..\n+00001a70: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 68e2 .grub-mkrelpath.\n+00001a80: 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 .. accepts the f\n+00001a90: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ollowing options\n+00001aa0: 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a :.....--help....\n+00001ab0: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d Print a sum\n+00001ac0: 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d mary of the comm\n+00001ad0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 and-line options\n+00001ae0: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d and exit......-\n+00001af0: 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 -version.... \n+00001b00: 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 Print the versi\n+00001b10: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 on number of GRU\n+00001b20: 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 B and exit.....F\n+00001b30: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00001b40: 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Node: Invoking \n+00001b50: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 652c 2020 grub-mkrescue, \n+00001b60: 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Next: Invoking g\n+00001b70: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 rub-mount, Prev\n+00001b80: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+00001b90: 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 mkrelpath, Up: \n+00001ba0: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n+00001bb0: 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e35 2049 6e76 6f6b ties..24.5 Invok\n+00001bc0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ing grub-mkrescu\n+00001bd0: 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d e.==============\n+00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n+00001bf0: 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 he program ...gr\n+00001c00: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 2067 ub-mkrescue... g\n+00001c10: 656e 6572 6174 6573 2061 2062 6f6f 7461 enerates a boota\n+00001c20: 626c 6520 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 ble GRUB rescue \n+00001c30: 696d 6167 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b image.(*note Mak\n+00001c40: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a GRUB boota\n+00001c50: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 3a3a 292e 0a0a ble CD-ROM::)...\n+00001c60: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 grub-mkresc\n+00001c70: 7565 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f 0a0a ue -o grub.iso..\n+00001c80: 2020 2041 6c6c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 All arguments\n+00001c90: 206e 6f74 2065 7870 6c69 6369 746c 7920 not explicitly \n+00001ca0: 6c69 7374 6564 2061 7320 e280 9867 7275 listed as ...gru\n+00001cb0: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 6f70 b-mkrescue... op\n+00001cc0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 7061 7373 6564 tions are.passed\n+00001cd0: 206f 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2074 6f20 on directly to \n+00001ce0: e280 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 696e ...xorriso... in\n+00001cf0: 20e2 8098 6d6b 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 2065 ...mkisofs... e\n+00001d00: 6d75 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 652e 2020 mulation mode. \n+00001d10: 4f70 7469 6f6e 730a 7061 7373 6564 2074 Options.passed t\n+00001d20: 6f20 e280 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 o ...xorriso... \n+00001d30: 7769 6c6c 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6265 will normally be\n+00001d40: 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 interpreted as \n+00001d50: e280 986d 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 6f70 ...mkisofs... op\n+00001d60: 7469 6f6e 733b 0a69 6620 7468 6520 6f70 tions;.if the op\n+00001d70: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d e280 9920 6973 tion ...--... is\n+00001d80: 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 6e20 616e 7974 used, then anyt\n+00001d90: 6869 6e67 2061 6674 6572 2074 6861 7420 hing after that \n+00001da0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696e 7465 7270 7265 will be interpre\n+00001db0: 7465 640a 6173 206e 6174 6976 6520 e280 ted.as native ..\n+00001dc0: 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 6f70 7469 .xorriso... opti\n+00001dd0: 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 ons... Non-opt\n+00001de0: 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 7370 ion arguments sp\n+00001df0: 6563 6966 7920 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c ecify additional\n+00001e00: 2073 6f75 7263 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 source director\n+00001e10: 6965 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a 636f ies. This is.co\n+00001e20: 6d6d 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6420 746f 2061 mmonly used to a\n+00001e30: 6464 2065 7874 7261 2066 696c 6573 2074 dd extra files t\n+00001e40: 6f20 7468 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 o the image:.. \n+00001e50: 2020 206d 6b64 6972 202d 7020 6469 736b mkdir -p disk\n+00001e60: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 /boot/grub. \n+00001e70: 2861 6464 2065 7874 7261 2066 696c 6573 (add extra files\n+00001e80: 2074 6f20 e280 9864 6973 6b2f 626f 6f74 to ...disk/boot\n+00001e90: 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 290a 2020 2020 2067 /grub...). g\n+00001ea0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 rub-mkrescue -o \n+00001eb0: 6772 7562 2e69 736f 2064 6973 6b0a 0a20 grub.iso disk.. \n+00001ec0: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 ...grub-mkresc\n+00001ed0: 7565 e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 ue... accepts th\n+00001ee0: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 e following opti\n+00001ef0: 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 ons:.....--help.\n+00001f00: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 ... Print a \n+00001f10: 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 summary of the c\n+00001f20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 ommand-line opti\n+00001f30: 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 ons and exit....\n+00001f40: 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 ..--version.... \n+00001f50: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 Print the ve\n+00001f60: 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 rsion number of \n+00001f70: 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a GRUB and exit...\n+00001f80: e280 982d 6f20 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 ...-o FILE......\n+00001f90: 982d 2d6f 7574 7075 743d 4649 4c45 e280 .--output=FILE..\n+00001fa0: 990a 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 6f75 7470 .. Save outp\n+00001fb0: 7574 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 ut in FILE. Thi\n+00001fc0: 7320 226f 7074 696f 6e22 2069 7320 7265 s \"option\" is re\n+00001fd0: 7175 6972 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6d6f quired......--mo\n+00001fe0: 6475 6c65 733d 4d4f 4455 4c45 53e2 8099 dules=MODULES...\n+00001ff0: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 652d 6c6f 6164 2074 . Pre-load t\n+00002000: 6865 206e 616d 6564 2047 5255 4220 6d6f he named GRUB mo\n+00002010: 6475 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 2069 6d61 dules in the ima\n+00002020: 6765 2e20 204d 756c 7469 706c 6520 656e ge. Multiple en\n+00002030: 7472 6965 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 4d4f tries in. MO\n+00002040: 4455 4c45 5320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 DULES should be \n+00002050: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2077 6869 separated by whi\n+00002060: 7465 7370 6163 6520 2873 6f20 796f 7520 tespace (so you \n+00002070: 7769 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 626c 790a 2020 will probably. \n+00002080: 2020 206e 6565 6420 746f 2071 756f 7465 need to quote\n+00002090: 2074 6869 7320 666f 7220 796f 7572 2073 this for your s\n+000020a0: 6865 6c6c 292e 0a0a e280 982d 2d72 6f6d hell)......--rom\n+000020b0: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d44 4952 e280 -directory=DIR..\n+000020c0: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6765 6e65 7261 .. If genera\n+000020d0: 7469 6e67 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 ting images for \n+000020e0: 7468 6520 5145 4d55 206f 7220 436f 7265 the QEMU or Core\n+000020f0: 626f 6f74 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c20 boot platforms, \n+00002100: 636f 7079 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7265 copy the. re\n+00002110: 7375 6c74 696e 6720 e280 9871 656d 752e sulting ...qemu.\n+00002120: 696d 67e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9863 6f72 img... or ...cor\n+00002130: 6562 6f6f 742e 656c 66e2 8099 2066 696c eboot.elf... fil\n+00002140: 6573 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 7920 es respectively \n+00002150: 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4449 5220 to the. DIR \n+00002160: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2077 656c directory as wel\n+00002170: 6c20 6173 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 l as including t\n+00002180: 6865 6d20 696e 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 hem in the image\n+00002190: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 786f 7272 6973 6f3d ......--xorriso=\n+000021a0: 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 FILE.... Use\n+000021b0: 2046 494c 4520 6173 2074 6865 20e2 8098 FILE as the ...\n+000021c0: 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2070 726f 6772 xorriso... progr\n+000021d0: 616d 2c20 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 am, rather than \n+000021e0: 7468 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 2020 the built-in. \n+000021f0: 2020 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a e280 982d default......-\n+00002200: 2d67 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 653d 4649 -grub-mkimage=FI\n+00002210: 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 2046 LE.... Use F\n+00002220: 494c 4520 6173 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 ILE as the ...gr\n+00002230: 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 7072 ub-mkimage... pr\n+00002240: 6f67 7261 6d2c 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 ogram, rather th\n+00002250: 616e 2074 6865 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a an the built-in.\n+00002260: 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0a1f default....\n+00002270: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00002280: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Node: Invokin\n+00002290: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e g grub-mount, N\n+000022a0: 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ext: Invoking gr\n+000022b0: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 763a ub-probe, Prev:\n+000022c0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+000022d0: 6b72 6573 6375 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 krescue, Up: Us\n+000022e0: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n+000022f0: 6573 0a0a 3234 2e36 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e es..24.6 Invokin\n+00002300: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 0a3d 3d3d g grub-mount.===\n 00002310: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00002320: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 ====..The progra\n-00002330: 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 m ...grub-mount.\n-00002340: 8099 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 7265 .. performs a re\n-00002350: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 ad-only mount of\n-00002360: 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d any file system\n-00002370: 0a6f 7220 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 .or file system \n-00002380: 696d 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 image that GRUB \n-00002390: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 732c 2075 7369 understands, usi\n-000023a0: 6e67 2047 5255 4227 7320 6669 6c65 2073 ng GRUB's file s\n-000023b0: 7973 7465 6d0a 6472 6976 6572 7320 7669 ystem.drivers vi\n-000023c0: 6120 4655 5345 2e20 2849 7420 6973 206f a FUSE. (It is o\n-000023d0: 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6966 nly available if\n-000023e0: 2046 5553 4520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e FUSE developmen\n-000023f0: 7420 6669 6c65 7320 7765 7265 0a70 7265 t files were.pre\n-00002400: 7365 6e74 2077 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 sent when GRUB w\n-00002410: 6173 2062 7569 6c74 2e29 2020 5468 6973 as built.) This\n-00002420: 2068 6173 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 has a number of\n-00002430: 2075 7365 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 uses:.. ... I\n-00002440: 7420 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 2063 6f6e t provides a con\n-00002450: 7665 6e69 656e 7420 7761 7920 746f 2063 venient way to c\n-00002460: 6865 636b 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 7769 heck how GRUB wi\n-00002470: 6c6c 2076 6965 7720 6120 6669 6c65 0a20 ll view a file. \n-00002480: 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 2061 7420 626f system at bo\n-00002490: 6f74 2074 696d 652e 2020 596f 7520 6361 ot time. You ca\n-000024a0: 6e20 7573 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 2063 6f6d n use normal com\n-000024b0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 746f 6f6c 7320 mand-line tools \n-000024c0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6172 6520 to. compare \n-000024d0: 7468 6174 2076 6965 7720 7769 7468 2074 that view with t\n-000024e0: 6861 7420 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 hat of your oper\n-000024f0: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6d61 ating system, ma\n-00002500: 6b69 6e67 2069 740a 2020 2020 2065 6173 king it. eas\n-00002510: 7920 746f 2066 696e 6420 6275 6773 2e0a y to find bugs..\n-00002520: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4974 206f 6666 6572 . ... It offer\n-00002530: 7320 7472 7565 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 s true read-only\n-00002540: 206d 6f75 6e74 732e 2020 4c69 6e75 7820 mounts. Linux \n-00002550: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7468 does not have th\n-00002560: 6573 6520 666f 720a 2020 2020 206a 6f75 ese for. jou\n-00002570: 726e 616c 6c69 6e67 2066 696c 6520 7379 rnalling file sy\n-00002580: 7374 656d 732c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 stems, because i\n-00002590: 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 6c77 6179 7320 6174 t will always at\n-000025a0: 7465 6d70 7420 746f 2072 6570 6c61 790a tempt to replay.\n-000025b0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206a 6f75 726e 616c the journal\n-000025c0: 2061 7420 6d6f 756e 7420 7469 6d65 3b20 at mount time; \n-000025d0: 7768 696c 6520 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7465 while you can te\n-000025e0: 6d70 6f72 6172 696c 7920 6d61 726b 2074 mporarily mark t\n-000025f0: 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 0a20 2020 2020 6465 he block. de\n-00002600: 7669 6365 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2074 vice read-only t\n-00002610: 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7468 6973 2c20 7468 o avoid this, th\n-00002620: 6174 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6520 6d6f at causes the mo\n-00002630: 756e 7420 746f 2066 6169 6c2e 0a20 2020 unt to fail.. \n-00002640: 2020 5369 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e74 Since GRUB int\n-00002650: 656e 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2063 6f6e 7461 entionally conta\n-00002660: 696e 7320 6e6f 2063 6f64 6520 666f 7220 ins no code for \n-00002670: 7772 6974 696e 6720 746f 2066 696c 650a writing to file.\n-00002680: 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6974 systems, it\n-00002690: 2063 616e 2065 6173 696c 7920 7072 6f76 can easily prov\n-000026a0: 6964 6520 6120 6775 6172 616e 7465 6564 ide a guaranteed\n-000026b0: 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 read-only mount\n-000026c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d2e . mechanism.\n-000026d0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 616c 6c6f .. ... It allo\n-000026e0: 7773 2079 6f75 2074 6f20 6578 616d 696e ws you to examin\n-000026f0: 6520 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 e any file syste\n-00002700: 6d20 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 m that GRUB unde\n-00002710: 7273 7461 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2077 6974 rstands. wit\n-00002720: 686f 7574 206e 6565 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 hout needing to \n-00002730: 6c6f 6164 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 load additional \n-00002740: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 696e 746f 2079 6f75 modules into you\n-00002750: 7220 7275 6e6e 696e 670a 2020 2020 206b r running. k\n-00002760: 6572 6e65 6c2c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 ernel, which may\n-00002770: 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f be useful in co\n-00002780: 6e73 7472 6169 6e65 6420 656e 7669 726f nstrained enviro\n-00002790: 6e6d 656e 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 0a20 nments such as. \n-000027a0: 2020 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7273 2e0a installers..\n-000027b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5369 6e63 6520 6974 . ... Since it\n-000027c0: 2063 616e 2065 7861 6d69 6e65 2066 696c can examine fil\n-000027d0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 7320 e system images \n-000027e0: 2863 6f6e 7461 696e 6564 2069 6e20 7265 (contained in re\n-000027f0: 6775 6c61 720a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 gular. files\n-00002800: 2920 6a75 7374 2061 7320 6561 7369 6c79 ) just as easily\n-00002810: 2061 7320 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 as file systems\n-00002820: 206f 6e20 626c 6f63 6b20 6465 7669 6365 on block device\n-00002830: 732c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a20 s, you can use. \n-00002840: 2020 2020 6974 2074 6f20 696e 7370 6563 it to inspec\n-00002850: 7420 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 t any file syste\n-00002860: 6d20 696d 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 m image that GRU\n-00002870: 4220 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 7320 7769 B understands wi\n-00002880: 7468 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2065 6e6f th only. eno\n-00002890: 7567 6820 7072 6976 696c 6567 6573 2074 ugh privileges t\n-000028a0: 6f20 7573 6520 4655 5345 2c20 6576 656e o use FUSE, even\n-000028b0: 2069 6620 6e6f 626f 6479 2068 6173 2079 if nobody has y\n-000028c0: 6574 2077 7269 7474 656e 2061 0a20 2020 et written a. \n-000028d0: 2020 4655 5345 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7370 FUSE module sp\n-000028e0: 6563 6966 6963 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2074 ecifically for t\n-000028f0: 6861 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 hat file system \n-00002900: 7479 7065 2e0a 0a20 2020 5573 696e 6720 type... Using \n-00002910: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 ...grub-mount...\n-00002920: 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 7320 is normally as \n-00002930: 7369 6d70 6c65 2061 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 simple as:.. \n-00002940: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 grub-mount /dev\n-00002950: 2f73 6461 3120 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 20e2 /sda1 /mnt.. .\n-00002960: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 ..grub-mount... \n-00002970: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6f6e must be given on\n-00002980: 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6573 e or more images\n-00002990: 2061 6e64 2061 206d 6f75 6e74 2070 6f69 and a mount poi\n-000029a0: 6e74 2061 730a 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e nt as.non-option\n-000029b0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2028 6966 2069 arguments (if i\n-000029c0: 7420 6973 2067 6976 656e 206d 6f72 6520 t is given more \n-000029d0: 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 than one image, \n-000029e0: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7472 6561 740a 7468 it will treat.th\n-000029f0: 656d 2061 7320 6120 5241 4944 2073 6574 em as a RAID set\n-00002a00: 292c 2061 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6163 6365 ), and also acce\n-00002a10: 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e pts the followin\n-00002a20: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d g options:.....-\n-00002a30: 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 -help.... Pr\n-00002a40: 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 int a summary of\n-00002a50: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n-00002a60: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 e options and ex\n-00002a70: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f it......--versio\n-00002a80: 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 n.... Print \n-00002a90: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 the version numb\n-00002aa0: 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 er of GRUB and e\n-00002ab0: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 43e2 8099 0ae2 xit......-C.....\n-00002ac0: 8098 2d2d 6372 7970 746f e280 990a 2020 ..--crypto.... \n-00002ad0: 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 2065 6e63 7279 7074 Mount encrypt\n-00002ae0: 6564 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c20 7072 6f6d ed devices, prom\n-00002af0: 7074 696e 6720 666f 7220 6120 7061 7373 pting for a pass\n-00002b00: 7068 7261 7365 2069 6620 6e65 6365 7373 phrase if necess\n-00002b10: 6172 792e 0a0a e280 982d 6420 5354 5249 ary......-d STRI\n-00002b20: 4e47 e280 990a e280 982d 2d64 6562 7567 NG.......--debug\n-00002b30: 3d53 5452 494e 47e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 =STRING.... \n-00002b40: 5368 6f77 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f Show debugging o\n-00002b50: 7574 7075 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e64 6974 utput for condit\n-00002b60: 696f 6e73 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 5354 ions matching ST\n-00002b70: 5249 4e47 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d4b 2070 726f RING......-K pro\n-00002b80: 6d70 747c 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 982d mpt|FILE.......-\n-00002b90: 2d7a 6673 2d6b 6579 3d70 726f 6d70 747c -zfs-key=prompt|\n-00002ba0: 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 FILE.... Loa\n-00002bb0: 6420 6120 5a46 5320 656e 6372 7970 7469 d a ZFS encrypti\n-00002bc0: 6f6e 206b 6579 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 on key. If you \n-00002bd0: 7573 6520 e280 9870 726f 6d70 74e2 8099 use ...prompt...\n-00002be0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 as the argument\n-00002bf0: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d ,. ...grub-m\n-00002c00: 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 ount... will rea\n-00002c10: 6420 6120 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2066 d a passphrase f\n-00002c20: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c rom the terminal\n-00002c30: 3b20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 0a20 2020 ; otherwise,. \n-00002c40: 2020 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 206b it will read k\n-00002c50: 6579 206d 6174 6572 6961 6c20 6672 6f6d ey material from\n-00002c60: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 the specified f\n-00002c70: 696c 652e 0a0a e280 982d 7220 4445 5649 ile......-r DEVI\n-00002c80: 4345 e280 990a e280 982d 2d72 6f6f 743d CE.......--root=\n-00002c90: 4445 5649 4345 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 DEVICE.... S\n-00002ca0: 6574 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 726f 6f74 et the GRUB root\n-00002cb0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2044 4556 4943 device to DEVIC\n-00002cc0: 452e 2020 596f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 206e E. You do not n\n-00002cd0: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f0a ormally need to.\n-00002ce0: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2074 6869 733b 20e2 set this; .\n-00002cf0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 ..grub-mount... \n-00002d00: 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c will automatical\n-00002d10: 6c79 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 ly set the root \n-00002d20: 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 device to. t\n-00002d30: 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 he root of the s\n-00002d40: 7570 706c 6965 6420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 upplied file sys\n-00002d50: 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 4445 tem... If DE\n-00002d60: 5649 4345 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 206e VICE is just a n\n-00002d70: 756d 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 6974 2077 umber, then it w\n-00002d80: 696c 6c20 6265 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 ill be treated a\n-00002d90: 7320 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 s a partition. \n-00002da0: 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 7769 7468 696e number within\n-00002db0: 2074 6865 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 696d the supplied im\n-00002dc0: 6167 652e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 age. This means\n-00002dd0: 2074 6861 742c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6861 that, if you ha\n-00002de0: 7665 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 ve an. image\n-00002df0: 206f 6620 616e 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6469 of an entire di\n-00002e00: 736b 2069 6e20 e280 9864 6973 6b2e 696d sk in ...disk.im\n-00002e10: 67e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 g..., then you c\n-00002e20: 616e 2075 7365 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 an use this. \n-00002e30: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6d6f 756e command to moun\n-00002e40: 7420 6974 7320 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 t its second par\n-00002e50: 7469 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 tition:.. \n-00002e60: 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2d72 grub-mount -r\n-00002e70: 2032 2064 6973 6b2e 696d 6720 6d6f 756e 2 disk.img moun\n-00002e80: 742d 706f 696e 740a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 t-point.....-v..\n-00002e90: 990a e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 .....--verbose..\n-00002ea0: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2076 6572 .. Print ver\n-00002eb0: 626f 7365 206d 6573 7361 6765 732e 0a0a bose messages...\n-00002ec0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00002ed0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 o, Node: Invoki\n-00002ee0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 ng grub-probe, \n-00002ef0: 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Next: Invoking g\n-00002f00: 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b rub-script-check\n-00002f10: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Prev: Invokin\n-00002f20: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 g grub-mount, U\n-00002f30: 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 p: User-space ut\n-00002f40: 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3720 496e ilities..24.7 In\n-00002f50: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 voking grub-prob\n-00002f60: 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d e.==============\n-00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-00002f80: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d program ...grub-\n-00002f90: 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2070 726f 6265 7320 probe... probes \n-00002fa0: 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 device informati\n-00002fb0: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 2067 6976 656e 2070 on for a given p\n-00002fc0: 6174 6820 6f72 0a64 6576 6963 652e 0a0a ath or.device...\n-00002fd0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 6520 grub-probe \n-00002fe0: 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d66 7320 2f62 6f6f --target=fs /boo\n-00002ff0: 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 t/grub. grub\n-00003000: 2d70 726f 6265 202d 2d74 6172 6765 743d -probe --target=\n-00003010: 6472 6976 6520 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 202f drive --device /\n-00003020: 6465 762f 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 dev/sda1.. ...\n-00003030: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 6d75 grub-probe... mu\n-00003040: 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6120 7061 st be given a pa\n-00003050: 7468 206f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 7320 th or device as \n-00003060: 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 a non-option arg\n-00003070: 756d 656e 742c 0a61 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 ument,.and also \n-00003080: 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c accepts the foll\n-00003090: 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a owing options:..\n-000030a0: e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...--help.... \n-000030b0: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 Print a summar\n-000030c0: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 y of the command\n-000030d0: 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e -line options an\n-000030e0: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 d exit......--ve\n-000030f0: 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 rsion.... 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If this o\n-00003150: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 ption is given, \n-00003160: 7468 656e 2074 6865 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 then the non-opt\n-00003170: 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 ion argument is \n-00003180: 6120 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6465 a system. de\n-00003190: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 2873 7563 6820 vice name (such \n-000031a0: 6173 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 31e2 as .../dev/sda1.\n-000031b0: 8099 292c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ..), and ...grub\n-000031c0: 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2070 -probe... will p\n-000031d0: 7269 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d rint. inform\n-000031e0: 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6174 ation about that\n-000031f0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 2069 7420 device. If it \n-00003200: 6973 206e 6f74 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 is not given, th\n-00003210: 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d en the. non-\n-00003220: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 option argument \n-00003230: 6973 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 is a filesystem \n-00003240: 7061 7468 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 path (such as ..\n-00003250: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 292c ./boot/grub...),\n-00003260: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 9867 7275 . and ...gru\n-00003270: 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 b-probe... will \n-00003280: 7072 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f print informatio\n-00003290: 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 n about the devi\n-000032a0: 6365 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 670a 2020 ce containing. \n-000032b0: 2020 2074 6861 7420 7061 7274 206f 6620 that part of \n-000032c0: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2e0a the filesystem..\n-000032d0: 0ae2 8098 2d6d 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 ....-m FILE.....\n-000032e0: 8098 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 2d6d 6170 3d46 ..--device-map=F\n-000032f0: 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 ILE.... Use \n-00003300: 4649 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 6465 7669 FILE as the devi\n-00003310: 6365 206d 6170 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 ce map (*note De\n-00003320: 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 2920 7261 7468 vice map::) rath\n-00003330: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 er than the. \n-00003340: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c default, usuall\n-00003350: 7920 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f y .../boot/grub/\n-00003360: 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 992e 0a0a device.map......\n-00003370: e280 982d 7420 5441 5247 4554 e280 990a ...-t TARGET....\n-00003380: e280 982d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 5441 5247 ...--target=TARG\n-00003390: 4554 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 ET.... Print\n-000033a0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f information abo\n-000033b0: 7574 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 ut the given pat\n-000033c0: 6820 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 2064 h or device as d\n-000033d0: 6566 696e 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2054 efined by. T\n-000033e0: 4152 4745 542e 2020 5468 6520 6176 6169 ARGET. The avai\n-000033f0: 6c61 626c 6520 7461 7267 6574 7320 616e lable targets an\n-00003400: 6420 7468 6569 7220 6d65 616e 696e 6773 d their meanings\n-00003410: 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 are:.. ...f\n-00003420: 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 s.... 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S\n-00003800: 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 earch hints for \n-00003810: 7468 6520 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d the EFI platform\n-00003820: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6172 635f 6869 .. ...arc_hi\n-00003830: 6e74 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nts.... \n-00003840: 2053 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f Search hints fo\n-00003850: 7220 7468 6520 4152 4320 706c 6174 666f r the ARC platfo\n-00003860: 726d 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6d70 rm.. ...comp\n-00003870: 6174 6962 696c 6974 795f 6869 6e74 e280 atibility_hint..\n-00003880: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4120 6775 .. A gu\n-00003890: 6573 7320 6174 2061 2072 6561 736f 6e61 ess at a reasona\n-000038a0: 626c 6520 4752 5542 2064 7269 7665 206e ble GRUB drive n\n-000038b0: 616d 6520 666f 7220 7468 6973 2064 6576 ame for this dev\n-000038c0: 6963 652c 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 ice, which. \n-000038d0: 2020 2020 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 may be used\n-000038e0: 2061 7320 6120 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2069 as a fallback i\n-000038f0: 6620 7468 6520 e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 f the ...search.\n-00003900: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2066 6169 6c73 .. command fails\n-00003910: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6469 736b e280 .. ...disk..\n-00003920: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 .. Syst\n-00003930: 656d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2066 em device name f\n-00003940: 6f72 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2064 6973 or the whole dis\n-00003950: 6b2e 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 8098 k......-v.......\n-00003960: 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 --verbose.... \n-00003970: 2020 5072 696e 7420 7665 7262 6f73 6520 Print verbose \n-00003980: 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c messages.....Fil\n-00003990: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000039a0: 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ode: Invoking gr\n-000039b0: 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2c ub-script-check,\n-000039c0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Prev: Invoking\n-000039d0: 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 grub-probe, Up\n-000039e0: 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 : User-space uti\n-000039f0: 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e38 2049 6e76 lities..24.8 Inv\n-00003a00: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 oking grub-scrip\n-00003a10: 742d 6368 6563 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d t-check.========\n+00002320: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 =====..The progr\n+00002330: 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 am ...grub-mount\n+00002340: e280 9920 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 2072 ... performs a r\n+00002350: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 206f ead-only mount o\n+00002360: 6620 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 f any file syste\n+00002370: 6d0a 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d m.or file system\n+00002380: 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 image that GRUB\n+00002390: 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 2c20 7573 understands, us\n+000023a0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2773 2066 696c 6520 ing GRUB's file \n+000023b0: 7379 7374 656d 0a64 7269 7665 7273 2076 system.drivers v\n+000023c0: 6961 2046 5553 452e 2028 4974 2069 7320 ia FUSE. (It is \n+000023d0: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 only available i\n+000023e0: 6620 4655 5345 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 f FUSE developme\n+000023f0: 6e74 2066 696c 6573 2077 6572 650a 7072 nt files were.pr\n+00002400: 6573 656e 7420 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 esent when GRUB \n+00002410: 7761 7320 6275 696c 742e 2920 2054 6869 was built.) Thi\n+00002420: 7320 6861 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 206f s has a number o\n+00002430: 6620 7573 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 f uses:.. ... \n+00002440: 4974 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 636f It provides a co\n+00002450: 6e76 656e 6965 6e74 2077 6179 2074 6f20 nvenient way to \n+00002460: 6368 6563 6b20 686f 7720 4752 5542 2077 check how GRUB w\n+00002470: 696c 6c20 7669 6577 2061 2066 696c 650a ill view a file.\n+00002480: 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 2062 system at b\n+00002490: 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 oot time. You c\n+000024a0: 616e 2075 7365 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 636f an use normal co\n+000024b0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2074 6f6f 6c73 mmand-line tools\n+000024c0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 to. compare\n+000024d0: 2074 6861 7420 7669 6577 2077 6974 6820 that view with \n+000024e0: 7468 6174 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 that of your ope\n+000024f0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 206d rating system, m\n+00002500: 616b 696e 6720 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6561 aking it. ea\n+00002510: 7379 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2062 7567 732e sy to find bugs.\n+00002520: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 6f66 6665 .. ... It offe\n+00002530: 7273 2074 7275 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c rs true read-onl\n+00002540: 7920 6d6f 756e 7473 2e20 204c 696e 7578 y mounts. Linux\n+00002550: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 2074 does not have t\n+00002560: 6865 7365 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6a6f hese for. jo\n+00002570: 7572 6e61 6c6c 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 urnalling file s\n+00002580: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 ystems, because \n+00002590: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 616c 7761 7973 2061 it will always a\n+000025a0: 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 7265 706c 6179 ttempt to replay\n+000025b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6a6f 7572 6e61 . the journa\n+000025c0: 6c20 6174 206d 6f75 6e74 2074 696d 653b l at mount time;\n+000025d0: 2077 6869 6c65 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2074 while you can t\n+000025e0: 656d 706f 7261 7269 6c79 206d 6172 6b20 emporarily mark \n+000025f0: 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2064 the block. d\n+00002600: 6576 6963 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 evice read-only \n+00002610: 746f 2061 766f 6964 2074 6869 732c 2074 to avoid this, t\n+00002620: 6861 7420 6361 7573 6573 2074 6865 206d hat causes the m\n+00002630: 6f75 6e74 2074 6f20 6661 696c 2e0a 2020 ount to fail.. \n+00002640: 2020 2053 696e 6365 2047 5255 4220 696e Since GRUB in\n+00002650: 7465 6e74 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 636f 6e74 tentionally cont\n+00002660: 6169 6e73 206e 6f20 636f 6465 2066 6f72 ains no code for\n+00002670: 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2074 6f20 6669 6c65 writing to file\n+00002680: 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2069 . systems, i\n+00002690: 7420 6361 6e20 6561 7369 6c79 2070 726f t can easily pro\n+000026a0: 7669 6465 2061 2067 7561 7261 6e74 6565 vide a guarantee\n+000026b0: 6420 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e d read-only moun\n+000026c0: 740a 2020 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d t. mechanism\n+000026d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4974 2061 6c6c ... ... It all\n+000026e0: 6f77 7320 796f 7520 746f 2065 7861 6d69 ows you to exami\n+000026f0: 6e65 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 ne any file syst\n+00002700: 656d 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 6e64 em that GRUB und\n+00002710: 6572 7374 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 erstands. wi\n+00002720: 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f thout needing to\n+00002730: 206c 6f61 6420 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c load additional\n+00002740: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 796f modules into yo\n+00002750: 7572 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 ur running. \n+00002760: 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 kernel, which ma\n+00002770: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 y be useful in c\n+00002780: 6f6e 7374 7261 696e 6564 2065 6e76 6972 onstrained envir\n+00002790: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 7320 7375 6368 2061 730a onments such as.\n+000027a0: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 732e installers.\n+000027b0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 696e 6365 2069 .. ... Since i\n+000027c0: 7420 6361 6e20 6578 616d 696e 6520 6669 t can examine fi\n+000027d0: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696d 6167 6573 le system images\n+000027e0: 2028 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 696e 2072 (contained in r\n+000027f0: 6567 756c 6172 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 egular. file\n+00002800: 7329 206a 7573 7420 6173 2065 6173 696c s) just as easil\n+00002810: 7920 6173 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d y as file system\n+00002820: 7320 6f6e 2062 6c6f 636b 2064 6576 6963 s on block devic\n+00002830: 6573 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a es, you can use.\n+00002840: 2020 2020 2069 7420 746f 2069 6e73 7065 it to inspe\n+00002850: 6374 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 ct any file syst\n+00002860: 656d 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6861 7420 4752 em image that GR\n+00002870: 5542 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 2077 UB understands w\n+00002880: 6974 6820 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 656e ith only. en\n+00002890: 6f75 6768 2070 7269 7669 6c65 6765 7320 ough privileges \n+000028a0: 746f 2075 7365 2046 5553 452c 2065 7665 to use FUSE, eve\n+000028b0: 6e20 6966 206e 6f62 6f64 7920 6861 7320 n if nobody has \n+000028c0: 7965 7420 7772 6974 7465 6e20 610a 2020 yet written a. \n+000028d0: 2020 2046 5553 4520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 FUSE module s\n+000028e0: 7065 6369 6669 6361 6c6c 7920 666f 7220 pecifically for \n+000028f0: 7468 6174 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d that file system\n+00002900: 2074 7970 652e 0a0a 2020 2055 7369 6e67 type... Using\n+00002910: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 ...grub-mount..\n+00002920: 9920 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6173 . is normally as\n+00002930: 2073 696d 706c 6520 6173 3a0a 0a20 2020 simple as:.. \n+00002940: 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202f 6465 grub-mount /de\n+00002950: 762f 7364 6131 202f 6d6e 740a 0a20 2020 v/sda1 /mnt.. \n+00002960: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 ...grub-mount...\n+00002970: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e 206f must be given o\n+00002980: 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 ne or more image\n+00002990: 7320 616e 6420 6120 6d6f 756e 7420 706f s and a mount po\n+000029a0: 696e 7420 6173 0a6e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f int as.non-optio\n+000029b0: 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 2869 6620 n arguments (if \n+000029c0: 6974 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6d6f 7265 it is given more\n+000029d0: 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 696d 6167 652c than one image,\n+000029e0: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7265 6174 0a74 it will treat.t\n+000029f0: 6865 6d20 6173 2061 2052 4149 4420 7365 hem as a RAID se\n+00002a00: 7429 2c20 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 6363 t), and also acc\n+00002a10: 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 epts the followi\n+00002a20: 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 ng options:.....\n+00002a30: 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 --help.... P\n+00002a40: 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f rint a summary o\n+00002a50: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 f the command-li\n+00002a60: 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 ne options and e\n+00002a70: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 xit......--versi\n+00002a80: 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 on.... Print\n+00002a90: 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d the version num\n+00002aa0: 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 ber of GRUB and \n+00002ab0: 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d43 e280 990a exit......-C....\n+00002ac0: e280 982d 2d63 7279 7074 6fe2 8099 0a20 ...--crypto.... \n+00002ad0: 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 656e 6372 7970 Mount encryp\n+00002ae0: 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 732c 2070 726f ted devices, pro\n+00002af0: 6d70 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 2061 2070 6173 mpting for a pas\n+00002b00: 7370 6872 6173 6520 6966 206e 6563 6573 sphrase if neces\n+00002b10: 7361 7279 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d64 2053 5452 sary......-d STR\n+00002b20: 494e 47e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 6275 ING.......--debu\n+00002b30: 673d 5354 5249 4e47 e280 990a 2020 2020 g=STRING.... \n+00002b40: 2053 686f 7720 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 Show debugging \n+00002b50: 6f75 7470 7574 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 6469 output for condi\n+00002b60: 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2053 tions matching S\n+00002b70: 5452 494e 472e 0a0a e280 982d 4b20 7072 TRING......-K pr\n+00002b80: 6f6d 7074 7c46 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 ompt|FILE.......\n+00002b90: 2d2d 7a66 732d 6b65 793d 7072 6f6d 7074 --zfs-key=prompt\n+00002ba0: 7c46 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f |FILE.... Lo\n+00002bb0: 6164 2061 205a 4653 2065 6e63 7279 7074 ad a ZFS encrypt\n+00002bc0: 696f 6e20 6b65 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ion key. If you\n+00002bd0: 2075 7365 20e2 8098 7072 6f6d 7074 e280 use ...prompt..\n+00002be0: 9920 6173 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e . as the argumen\n+00002bf0: 742c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d t,. ...grub-\n+00002c00: 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7265 mount... will re\n+00002c10: 6164 2061 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 ad a passphrase \n+00002c20: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 from the termina\n+00002c30: 6c3b 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c0a 2020 l; otherwise,. \n+00002c40: 2020 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 it will read \n+00002c50: 6b65 7920 6d61 7465 7269 616c 2066 726f key material fro\n+00002c60: 6d20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 m the specified \n+00002c70: 6669 6c65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d72 2044 4556 file......-r DEV\n+00002c80: 4943 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f 6f74 ICE.......--root\n+00002c90: 3d44 4556 4943 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 =DEVICE.... \n+00002ca0: 5365 7420 7468 6520 4752 5542 2072 6f6f Set the GRUB roo\n+00002cb0: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 4445 5649 t device to DEVI\n+00002cc0: 4345 2e20 2059 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 CE. You do not \n+00002cd0: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f normally need to\n+00002ce0: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 3b20 . set this; \n+00002cf0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 ...grub-mount...\n+00002d00: 2077 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 will automatica\n+00002d10: 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f 6f74 lly set the root\n+00002d20: 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 device to. \n+00002d30: 7468 6520 726f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 the root of the \n+00002d40: 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2066 696c 6520 7379 supplied file sy\n+00002d50: 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2044 stem... If D\n+00002d60: 4556 4943 4520 6973 206a 7573 7420 6120 EVICE is just a \n+00002d70: 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7468 656e 2069 7420 number, then it \n+00002d80: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 will be treated \n+00002d90: 6173 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 as a partition. \n+00002da0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2077 6974 6869 number withi\n+00002db0: 6e20 7468 6520 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2069 n the supplied i\n+00002dc0: 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e mage. This mean\n+00002dd0: 7320 7468 6174 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 s that, if you h\n+00002de0: 6176 6520 616e 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 ave an. imag\n+00002df0: 6520 6f66 2061 6e20 656e 7469 7265 2064 e of an entire d\n+00002e00: 6973 6b20 696e 20e2 8098 6469 736b 2e69 isk in ...disk.i\n+00002e10: 6d67 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 mg..., then you \n+00002e20: 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 6973 0a20 2020 can use this. \n+00002e30: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 746f 206d 6f75 command to mou\n+00002e40: 6e74 2069 7473 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 7061 nt its second pa\n+00002e50: 7274 6974 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 rtition:.. \n+00002e60: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202d grub-mount -\n+00002e70: 7220 3220 6469 736b 2e69 6d67 206d 6f75 r 2 disk.img mou\n+00002e80: 6e74 2d70 6f69 6e74 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 nt-point.....-v.\n+00002e90: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 ......--verbose.\n+00002ea0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7665 ... Print ve\n+00002eb0: 7262 6f73 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2e0a rbose messages..\n+00002ec0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00002ed0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b fo, Node: Invok\n+00002ee0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 ing grub-probe, \n+00002ef0: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Next: Invoking \n+00002f00: 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 grub-script-chec\n+00002f10: 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 k, Prev: Invoki\n+00002f20: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 ng grub-mount, \n+00002f30: 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 Up: User-space u\n+00002f40: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e37 2049 tilities..24.7 I\n+00002f50: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f nvoking grub-pro\n+00002f60: 6265 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d be.=============\n+00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n+00002f80: 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 program ...grub\n+00002f90: 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 7072 6f62 6573 -probe... probes\n+00002fa0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 device informat\n+00002fb0: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6120 6769 7665 6e20 ion for a given \n+00002fc0: 7061 7468 206f 720a 6465 7669 6365 2e0a path or.device..\n+00002fd0: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 . grub-probe\n+00002fe0: 202d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 6673 202f 626f --target=fs /bo\n+00002ff0: 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2067 7275 ot/grub. gru\n+00003000: 622d 7072 6f62 6520 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 b-probe --target\n+00003010: 3d64 7269 7665 202d 2d64 6576 6963 6520 =drive --device \n+00003020: 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 310a 0a20 2020 e280 /dev/sda1.. ..\n+00003030: 9867 7275 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 206d .grub-probe... m\n+00003040: 7573 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e 2061 2070 ust be given a p\n+00003050: 6174 6820 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 ath or device as\n+00003060: 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 6172 a non-option ar\n+00003070: 6775 6d65 6e74 2c0a 616e 6420 616c 736f gument,.and also\n+00003080: 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c accepts the fol\n+00003090: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a lowing options:.\n+000030a0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 ....--help.... \n+000030b0: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 Print a summa\n+000030c0: 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ry of the comman\n+000030d0: 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 d-line options a\n+000030e0: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 nd exit......--v\n+000030f0: 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 ersion.... P\n+00003100: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e rint the version\n+00003110: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 number of GRUB \n+00003120: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d64 and exit......-d\n+00003130: e280 990a e280 982d 2d64 6576 6963 65e2 .......--device.\n+00003140: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 ... If this \n+00003150: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c option is given,\n+00003160: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 then the non-op\n+00003170: 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 tion argument is\n+00003180: 2061 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2064 a system. d\n+00003190: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 7375 6368 evice name (such\n+000031a0: 2061 7320 e280 982f 6465 762f 7364 6131 as .../dev/sda1\n+000031b0: e280 9929 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9867 7275 ...), and ...gru\n+000031c0: 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 b-probe... will \n+000031d0: 7072 696e 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 print. infor\n+000031e0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2074 6861 mation about tha\n+000031f0: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2049 6620 6974 t device. If it\n+00003200: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 is not given, t\n+00003210: 6865 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206e 6f6e hen the. non\n+00003220: 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 -option argument\n+00003230: 2069 7320 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d is a filesystem\n+00003240: 2070 6174 6820 2873 7563 6820 6173 20e2 path (such as .\n+00003250: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 9929 ../boot/grub...)\n+00003260: 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 ,. and ...gr\n+00003270: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 7769 6c6c ub-probe... will\n+00003280: 2070 7269 6e74 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 print informati\n+00003290: 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2074 6865 2064 6576 on about the dev\n+000032a0: 6963 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 0a20 ice containing. \n+000032b0: 2020 2020 7468 6174 2070 6172 7420 6f66 that part of\n+000032c0: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e the filesystem.\n+000032d0: 0a0a e280 982d 6d20 4649 4c45 e280 990a .....-m FILE....\n+000032e0: e280 982d 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 703d ...--device-map=\n+000032f0: 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 FILE.... Use\n+00003300: 2046 494c 4520 6173 2074 6865 2064 6576 FILE as the dev\n+00003310: 6963 6520 6d61 7020 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 ice map (*note D\n+00003320: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 703a 3a29 2072 6174 evice map::) rat\n+00003330: 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 her than the. \n+00003340: 2020 6465 6661 756c 742c 2075 7375 616c default, usual\n+00003350: 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ly .../boot/grub\n+00003360: 2f64 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 2e0a /device.map.....\n+00003370: 0ae2 8098 2d74 2054 4152 4745 54e2 8099 ....-t TARGET...\n+00003380: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d54 4152 ....--target=TAR\n+00003390: 4745 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e GET.... Prin\n+000033a0: 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 t information ab\n+000033b0: 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7061 out the given pa\n+000033c0: 7468 206f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 7320 th or device as \n+000033d0: 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 defined by. \n+000033e0: 5441 5247 4554 2e20 2054 6865 2061 7661 TARGET. The ava\n+000033f0: 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6172 6765 7473 2061 ilable targets a\n+00003400: 6e64 2074 6865 6972 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 nd their meaning\n+00003410: 7320 6172 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 s are:.. ...\n+00003420: 6673 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fs.... \n+00003430: 4752 5542 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 GRUB filesystem \n+00003440: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 module.. ...\n+00003450: 6673 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 fs_uuid.... \n+00003460: 2020 2020 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 Filesystem \n+00003470: 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 7920 556e 6971 Universally Uniq\n+00003480: 7565 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 2855 ue Identifier (U\n+00003490: 5549 4429 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6673 UID).. ...fs\n+000034a0: 5f6c 6162 656c e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 _label.... \n+000034b0: 2020 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206c Filesystem l\n+000034c0: 6162 656c 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6472 abel.. ...dr\n+000034d0: 6976 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ive.... \n+000034e0: 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d GRUB device nam\n+000034f0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 6576 6963 e.. ...devic\n+00003500: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 e.... S\n+00003510: 7973 7465 6d20 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d ystem device nam\n+00003520: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9870 6172 746d e.. ...partm\n+00003530: 6170 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ap.... \n+00003540: 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d GRUB partition m\n+00003550: 6170 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 ap module.. \n+00003560: e280 9861 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e e280 ...abstraction..\n+00003570: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 .. GRUB\n+00003580: 2061 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 abstraction mod\n+00003590: 756c 6520 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 6c76 ule (e.g. ...lv\n+000035a0: 6de2 8099 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 m...).. ...c\n+000035b0: 7279 7074 6f64 6973 6b5f 7575 6964 e280 ryptodisk_uuid..\n+000035c0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4372 7970 .. Cryp\n+000035d0: 746f 2064 6576 6963 6520 5555 4944 2e0a to device UUID..\n+000035e0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d73 646f 735f 7061 ...msdos_pa\n+000035f0: 7274 7479 7065 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 rttype.... \n+00003600: 2020 2020 4d42 5220 7061 7274 6974 696f MBR partitio\n+00003610: 6e20 7479 7065 2063 6f64 6520 2874 776f n type code (two\n+00003620: 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 hexadecimal dig\n+00003630: 6974 7329 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6869 its).. ...hi\n+00003640: 6e74 735f 7374 7269 6e67 e280 990a 2020 nts_string.... \n+00003650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4120 7374 7269 6e67 A string\n+00003660: 206f 6620 706c 6174 666f 726d 2073 6561 of platform sea\n+00003670: 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 7375 6974 6162 rch hints suitab\n+00003680: 6c65 2066 6f72 2070 6173 7369 6e67 2074 le for passing t\n+00003690: 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o the. \n+000036a0: e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2063 6f6d ...search... com\n+000036b0: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 6172 mand (*note sear\n+000036c0: 6368 3a3a 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 ch::).. ...b\n+000036d0: 696f 735f 6869 6e74 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 ios_hints.... \n+000036e0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 6869 Search hi\n+000036f0: 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 5043 2042 nts for the PC B\n+00003700: 494f 5320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2020 IOS platform.. \n+00003710: 2020 20e2 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 5f68 ...ieee1275_h\n+00003720: 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ints.... \n+00003730: 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 Search hints f\n+00003740: 6f72 2074 6865 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 or the IEEE1275 \n+00003750: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 platform.. .\n+00003760: 8098 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6c5f 6869 6e74 ..baremetal_hint\n+00003770: 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 s.... S\n+00003780: 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 earch hints for \n+00003790: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7768 6572 6520 platforms where \n+000037a0: 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 6164 6472 6573 disks are addres\n+000037b0: 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 0a20 2020 sed directly. \n+000037c0: 2020 2020 2020 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 rather th\n+000037d0: 616e 2076 6961 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e an via firmware.\n+000037e0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9865 6669 5f68 696e . ...efi_hin\n+000037f0: 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ts.... \n+00003800: 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 Search hints for\n+00003810: 2074 6865 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 the EFI platfor\n+00003820: 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 7263 5f68 m.. ...arc_h\n+00003830: 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ints.... \n+00003840: 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 Search hints f\n+00003850: 6f72 2074 6865 2041 5243 2070 6c61 7466 or the ARC platf\n+00003860: 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f6d orm.. ...com\n+00003870: 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 5f68 696e 74e2 patibility_hint.\n+00003880: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 2067 ... A g\n+00003890: 7565 7373 2061 7420 6120 7265 6173 6f6e uess at a reason\n+000038a0: 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 6472 6976 6520 able GRUB drive \n+000038b0: 6e61 6d65 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 6465 name for this de\n+000038c0: 7669 6365 2c20 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 vice, which. \n+000038d0: 2020 2020 2020 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 may be use\n+000038e0: 6420 6173 2061 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 d as a fallback \n+000038f0: 6966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 if the ...search\n+00003900: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6661 696c ... command fail\n+00003910: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 6973 6be2 s.. ...disk.\n+00003920: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7973 ... Sys\n+00003930: 7465 6d20 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 tem device name \n+00003940: 666f 7220 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 for the whole di\n+00003950: 736b 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a e280 sk......-v......\n+00003960: 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a 2020 .--verbose.... \n+00003970: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2076 6572 626f 7365 Print verbose\n+00003980: 206d 6573 7361 6765 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 messages.....Fi\n+00003990: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000039a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n+000039b0: 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b rub-script-check\n+000039c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Prev: Invokin\n+000039d0: 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 2055 g grub-probe, U\n+000039e0: 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 p: User-space ut\n+000039f0: 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3820 496e ilities..24.8 In\n+00003a00: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 voking grub-scri\n+00003a10: 7074 2d63 6865 636b 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d pt-check.=======\n 00003a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00003a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f =======..The pro\n-00003a40: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6372 gram ...grub-scr\n-00003a50: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2074 616b ipt-check... tak\n-00003a60: 6573 2061 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 es a GRUB script\n-00003a70: 2066 696c 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 0a53 6865 file (*note.She\n-00003a80: 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e ll-like scriptin\n-00003a90: 673a 3a29 2061 6e64 2063 6865 636b 7320 g::) and checks \n-00003aa0: 6974 2066 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 6572 it for syntax er\n-00003ab0: 726f 7273 2c20 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f rors, similar to\n-00003ac0: 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 2061 .commands such a\n-00003ad0: 7320 e280 9873 6820 2d6e e280 992e 2020 s ...sh -n.... \n-00003ae0: 4974 206d 6179 2074 616b 6520 6120 5041 It may take a PA\n-00003af0: 5448 2061 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 TH as a non-opti\n-00003b00: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 743b 0a69 6620 on argument;.if \n-00003b10: 6e6f 6e65 2069 7320 7375 7070 6c69 6564 none is supplied\n-00003b20: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 2066 , it will read f\n-00003b30: 726f 6d20 7374 616e 6461 7264 2069 6e70 rom standard inp\n-00003b40: 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d73 ut... grub-s\n-00003b50: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b20 2f62 6f6f cript-check /boo\n-00003b60: 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 670a t/grub/grub.cfg.\n-00003b70: 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 7363 7269 . ...grub-scri\n-00003b80: 7074 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 6163 6365 pt-check... acce\n-00003b90: 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e pts the followin\n-00003ba0: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d g options:.....-\n-00003bb0: 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 -help.... Pr\n-00003bc0: 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 int a summary of\n-00003bd0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n-00003be0: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 e options and ex\n-00003bf0: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f it......--versio\n-00003c00: 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 n.... Print \n-00003c10: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 the version numb\n-00003c20: 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 er of GRUB and e\n-00003c30: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 xit......-v.....\n-00003c40: 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 ..--verbose.... \n-00003c50: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6561 6368 206c Print each l\n-00003c60: 696e 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2061 6674 ine of input aft\n-00003c70: 6572 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 742e 0a0a er reading it...\n-00003c80: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00003c90: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 696e o, Node: Obtain\n-00003ca0: 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 ing and Building\n-00003cb0: 2047 5255 422c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5265 GRUB, Next: Re\n-00003cc0: 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 2050 porting bugs, P\n-00003cd0: 7265 763a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 rev: User-space \n-00003ce0: 7574 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 5570 3a20 utilities, Up: \n-00003cf0: 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4120 Top..Appendix A \n-00003d00: 486f 7720 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 616e How to obtain an\n-00003d10: 6420 6275 696c 6420 4752 5542 0a2a 2a2a d build GRUB.***\n+00003a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 ========..The pr\n+00003a40: 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 7363 ogram ...grub-sc\n+00003a50: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 7461 ript-check... ta\n+00003a60: 6b65 7320 6120 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 kes a GRUB scrip\n+00003a70: 7420 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 5368 t file (*note.Sh\n+00003a80: 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 ell-like scripti\n+00003a90: 6e67 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 6368 6563 6b73 ng::) and checks\n+00003aa0: 2069 7420 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 it for syntax e\n+00003ab0: 7272 6f72 732c 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 rrors, similar t\n+00003ac0: 6f0a 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2073 7563 6820 o.commands such \n+00003ad0: 6173 20e2 8098 7368 202d 6ee2 8099 2e20 as ...sh -n.... \n+00003ae0: 2049 7420 6d61 7920 7461 6b65 2061 2050 It may take a P\n+00003af0: 4154 4820 6173 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 ATH as a non-opt\n+00003b00: 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 3b0a 6966 ion argument;.if\n+00003b10: 206e 6f6e 6520 6973 2073 7570 706c 6965 none is supplie\n+00003b20: 642c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 d, it will read \n+00003b30: 6672 6f6d 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e from standard in\n+00003b40: 7075 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d put... grub-\n+00003b50: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 202f 626f script-check /bo\n+00003b60: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n+00003b70: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6372 .. ...grub-scr\n+00003b80: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2061 6363 ipt-check... acc\n+00003b90: 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 epts the followi\n+00003ba0: 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 ng options:.....\n+00003bb0: 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 --help.... P\n+00003bc0: 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f rint a summary o\n+00003bd0: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 f the command-li\n+00003be0: 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 ne options and e\n+00003bf0: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 xit......--versi\n+00003c00: 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 on.... Print\n+00003c10: 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d the version num\n+00003c20: 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 ber of GRUB and \n+00003c30: 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a exit......-v....\n+00003c40: e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a ...--verbose....\n+00003c50: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2065 6163 6820 Print each \n+00003c60: 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 6166 line of input af\n+00003c70: 7465 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 6974 2e0a ter reading it..\n+00003c80: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00003c90: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 6274 6169 fo, Node: Obtai\n+00003ca0: 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e ning and Buildin\n+00003cb0: 6720 4752 5542 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 g GRUB, Next: R\n+00003cc0: 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 eporting bugs, \n+00003cd0: 5072 6576 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 Prev: User-space\n+00003ce0: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 2055 703a utilities, Up:\n+00003cf0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2041 Top..Appendix A\n+00003d00: 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 6f62 7461 696e 2061 How to obtain a\n+00003d10: 6e64 2062 7569 6c64 2047 5255 420a 2a2a nd build GRUB.**\n 00003d20: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 00003d30: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00003d40: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2020 2020 202a 4361 7574 ****.. *Caut\n-00003d50: 696f 6e3a 2a20 4752 5542 2072 6571 7569 ion:* GRUB requi\n-00003d60: 7265 7320 6269 6e75 7469 6c73 2d32 2e39 res binutils-2.9\n-00003d70: 2e31 2e30 2e32 3320 6f72 206c 6174 6572 .1.0.23 or later\n-00003d80: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 because the. \n-00003d90: 2020 474e 5520 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 7220 GNU assembler \n-00003da0: 6861 7320 6265 656e 2063 6861 6e67 6564 has been changed\n-00003db0: 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 6e20 so that it can \n-00003dc0: 7072 6f64 7563 6520 7265 616c 2031 3662 produce real 16b\n-00003dd0: 6974 730a 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 its. machine\n-00003de0: 2063 6f64 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 322e code between 2.\n-00003df0: 392e 3120 616e 6420 322e 392e 312e 302e 9.1 and 2.9.1.0.\n-00003e00: 782e 2020 5365 650a 2020 2020 203c 6874 x. See. , to obtain in\n-00003e40: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2068 6f77 formation on how\n-00003e50: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2067 6574 2074 6865 . to get the\n-00003e60: 206c 6174 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e2e latest version.\n-00003e70: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 7661 .. GRUB is ava\n-00003e80: 696c 6162 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 ilable from the \n-00003e90: 474e 5520 616c 7068 6120 6172 6368 6976 GNU alpha archiv\n-00003ea0: 6520 7369 7465 0a3c 6674 703a 2f2f 6674 e site. or any of it\n-00003ed0: 7320 6d69 7272 6f72 732e 2020 5468 6520 s mirrors. The \n-00003ee0: 6669 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a6e 616d file will be.nam\n-00003ef0: 6564 2067 7275 622d 7665 7273 696f 6e2e ed grub-version.\n-00003f00: 7461 722e 677a 2e20 2054 6865 2063 7572 tar.gz. The cur\n-00003f10: 7265 6e74 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 rent version is \n-00003f20: 322e 3132 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 696c 2.12, so the fil\n-00003f30: 6520 796f 750a 7368 6f75 6c64 2067 7261 e you.should gra\n-00003f40: 6220 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 3c66 7470 3a2f b is:.. .. To u\n-00003f80: 6e62 756e 646c 6520 4752 5542 2075 7365 nbundle GRUB use\n-00003f90: 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e the instruction\n-00003fa0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7a63 6174 2067 7275 :.. zcat gru\n-00003fb0: 622d 322e 3132 2e74 6172 2e67 7a20 7c20 b-2.12.tar.gz | \n-00003fc0: 7461 7220 7876 6620 2d0a 0a20 2020 7768 tar xvf -.. wh\n-00003fd0: 6963 6820 7769 6c6c 2063 7265 6174 6520 ich will create \n-00003fe0: 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6361 6c6c a directory call\n-00003ff0: 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 32e2 ed ...grub-2.12.\n-00004000: 8099 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 7468 650a .. with all the.\n-00004010: 736f 7572 6365 732e 2020 596f 7520 6361 sources. You ca\n-00004020: 6e20 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 6669 n look at the fi\n-00004030: 6c65 20e2 8098 494e 5354 414c 4ce2 8099 le ...INSTALL...\n-00004040: 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 696e for detailed in\n-00004050: 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e73 0a6f 6e20 686f structions.on ho\n-00004060: 7720 746f 2062 7569 6c64 2061 6e64 2069 w to build and i\n-00004070: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 422c 2062 7574 nstall GRUB, but\n-00004080: 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 you should be a\n-00004090: 626c 6520 746f 206a 7573 7420 646f 3a0a ble to just do:.\n-000040a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6364 2067 7275 622d 322e . cd grub-2.\n-000040b0: 3132 0a20 2020 2020 2e2f 636f 6e66 6967 12. ./config\n-000040c0: 7572 650a 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 696e ure. make in\n-000040d0: 7374 616c 6c0a 0a20 2020 416c 736f 2c20 stall.. Also, \n-000040e0: 7468 6520 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 the latest versi\n-000040f0: 6f6e 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 on is available \n-00004100: 7573 696e 6720 4769 742e 2020 5365 650a using Git. See.\n-00004110: 3c68 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 676e 752e for more.i\n-00004150: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nformation.....F\n-00004160: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00004170: 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 Node: Reporting\n-00004180: 2062 7567 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4675 bugs, Next: Fu\n-00004190: 7475 7265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 6274 ture, Prev: Obt\n-000041a0: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n-000041b0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2055 703a 2054 ing GRUB, Up: T\n-000041c0: 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2042 2052 op..Appendix B R\n-000041d0: 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 730a 2a2a eporting bugs.**\n+00003d40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2a43 6175 *****.. *Cau\n+00003d50: 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 tion:* GRUB requ\n+00003d60: 6972 6573 2062 696e 7574 696c 732d 322e ires binutils-2.\n+00003d70: 392e 312e 302e 3233 206f 7220 6c61 7465 9.1.0.23 or late\n+00003d80: 7220 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 650a 2020 r because the. \n+00003d90: 2020 2047 4e55 2061 7373 656d 626c 6572 GNU assembler\n+00003da0: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6368 616e 6765 has been change\n+00003db0: 6420 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e d so that it can\n+00003dc0: 2070 726f 6475 6365 2072 6561 6c20 3136 produce real 16\n+00003dd0: 6269 7473 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 696e bits. machin\n+00003de0: 6520 636f 6465 2062 6574 7765 656e 2032 e code between 2\n+00003df0: 2e39 2e31 2061 6e64 2032 2e39 2e31 2e30 .9.1 and 2.9.1.0\n+00003e00: 2e78 2e20 2053 6565 0a20 2020 2020 3c68 .x. See. , to obtain i\n+00003e40: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 686f nformation on ho\n+00003e50: 770a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6765 7420 7468 w. to get th\n+00003e60: 6520 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 6f6e e latest version\n+00003e70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 6176 ... GRUB is av\n+00003e80: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 ailable from the\n+00003e90: 2047 4e55 2061 6c70 6861 2061 7263 6869 GNU alpha archi\n+00003ea0: 7665 2073 6974 650a 3c66 7470 3a2f 2f66 ve site. or any of i\n+00003ed0: 7473 206d 6972 726f 7273 2e20 2054 6865 ts mirrors. The\n+00003ee0: 2066 696c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 6e61 file will be.na\n+00003ef0: 6d65 6420 6772 7562 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e med grub-version\n+00003f00: 2e74 6172 2e67 7a2e 2020 5468 6520 6375 .tar.gz. The cu\n+00003f10: 7272 656e 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6973 rrent version is\n+00003f20: 2032 2e31 322c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6669 2.12, so the fi\n+00003f30: 6c65 2079 6f75 0a73 686f 756c 6420 6772 le you.should gr\n+00003f40: 6162 2069 733a 0a0a 2020 203c 6674 703a ab is:.. .. To \n+00003f80: 756e 6275 6e64 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7573 unbundle GRUB us\n+00003f90: 6520 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f e the instructio\n+00003fa0: 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 207a 6361 7420 6772 n:.. zcat gr\n+00003fb0: 7562 2d32 2e31 322e 7461 722e 677a 207c ub-2.12.tar.gz |\n+00003fc0: 2074 6172 2078 7666 202d 0a0a 2020 2077 tar xvf -.. w\n+00003fd0: 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 6372 6561 7465 hich will create\n+00003fe0: 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 616c a directory cal\n+00003ff0: 6c65 6420 e280 9867 7275 622d 322e 3132 led ...grub-2.12\n+00004000: e280 9920 7769 7468 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 ... with all the\n+00004010: 0a73 6f75 7263 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 .sources. You c\n+00004020: 616e 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6865 2066 an look at the f\n+00004030: 696c 6520 e280 9849 4e53 5441 4c4c e280 ile ...INSTALL..\n+00004040: 9920 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c 6564 2069 . for detailed i\n+00004050: 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2068 nstructions.on h\n+00004060: 6f77 2074 6f20 6275 696c 6420 616e 6420 ow to build and \n+00004070: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 install GRUB, bu\n+00004080: 7420 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 t you should be \n+00004090: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 2064 6f3a able to just do:\n+000040a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2063 6420 6772 7562 2d32 .. cd grub-2\n+000040b0: 2e31 320a 2020 2020 202e 2f63 6f6e 6669 .12. ./confi\n+000040c0: 6775 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2069 gure. make i\n+000040d0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c nstall.. Also,\n+000040e0: 2074 6865 206c 6174 6573 7420 7665 7273 the latest vers\n+000040f0: 696f 6e20 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ion is available\n+00004100: 2075 7369 6e67 2047 6974 2e20 2053 6565 using Git. See\n+00004110: 0a3c 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 . for more.\n+00004150: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a information.....\n+00004160: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00004170: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5265 706f 7274 696e Node: Reportin\n+00004180: 6720 6275 6773 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 g bugs, Next: F\n+00004190: 7574 7572 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4f62 uture, Prev: Ob\n+000041a0: 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c taining and Buil\n+000041b0: 6469 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5570 3a20 ding GRUB, Up: \n+000041c0: 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4220 Top..Appendix B \n+000041d0: 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 0a2a Reporting bugs.*\n 000041e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000041f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 7365 2061 *******..These a\n-00004200: 7265 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 6e65 re the guideline\n-00004210: 2066 6f72 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7265 706f for how to repo\n-00004220: 7274 2062 7567 732e 2020 5461 6b65 2061 rt bugs. Take a\n-00004230: 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6869 730a 6c69 look at this.li\n-00004240: 7374 2062 656c 6f77 2062 6566 6f72 6520 st below before \n-00004250: 796f 7520 7375 626d 6974 2062 7567 733a you submit bugs:\n-00004260: 0a0a 2020 312e 2042 6566 6f72 6520 6765 .. 1. Before ge\n-00004270: 7474 696e 6720 756e 7365 7474 6c65 642c tting unsettled,\n-00004280: 2072 6561 6420 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 read this manua\n-00004290: 6c20 7468 726f 7567 6820 616e 6420 7468 l through and th\n-000042a0: 726f 7567 682e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f rough.. Also\n-000042b0: 2c20 7365 6520 7468 6520 474e 5520 4752 , see the GNU GR\n-000042c0: 5542 2046 4151 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 UB FAQ. (htt\n-000042d0: 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 676e 752e 6f72 672f p://www.gnu.org/\n-000042e0: 736f 6674 7761 7265 2f67 7275 622f 6772 software/grub/gr\n-000042f0: 7562 2d66 6171 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a 0a20 ub-faq.html)... \n-00004300: 2032 2e20 416c 7761 7973 206d 656e 7469 2. Always menti\n-00004310: 6f6e 2074 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 on the informati\n-00004320: 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2047 5255 422e on on your GRUB.\n-00004330: 2054 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d The version num\n-00004340: 6265 7220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 6865 ber and. the\n-00004350: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 configuration a\n-00004360: 7265 2071 7569 7465 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 re quite importa\n-00004370: 6e74 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6275 696c nt. If you buil\n-00004380: 6420 6974 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662c 0a20 d it yourself,. \n-00004390: 2020 2020 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 6f70 write the op\n-000043a0: 7469 6f6e 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 tions specified \n-000043b0: 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 to the configure\n-000043c0: 2073 6372 6970 7420 616e 6420 796f 7572 script and your\n-000043d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 . operating \n-000043e0: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e system, includin\n-000043f0: 6720 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e73 206f g the versions o\n-00004400: 6620 6763 6320 616e 6420 6269 6e75 7469 f gcc and binuti\n-00004410: 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 ls... 3. If you\n-00004420: 2068 6176 6520 7472 6f75 626c 6520 7769 have trouble wi\n-00004430: 7468 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 th the installat\n-00004440: 696f 6e2c 2069 6e66 6f72 6d20 7573 206f ion, inform us o\n-00004450: 6620 686f 7720 796f 750a 2020 2020 2069 f how you. i\n-00004460: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2047 5255 422e 2044 nstalled GRUB. D\n-00004470: 6f6e 2774 206f 6d69 7420 6572 726f 7220 on't omit error \n-00004480: 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2c20 6966 2061 6e79 messages, if any\n-00004490: 2e20 204a 7573 7420 e280 9847 5255 420a . Just ...GRUB.\n-000044a0: 2020 2020 2068 616e 6773 2075 7020 7768 hangs up wh\n-000044b0: 656e 2069 7420 626f 6f74 73e2 8099 2069 en it boots... i\n-000044c0: 7320 6e6f 7420 656e 6f75 6768 2e0a 0a20 s not enough... \n-000044d0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 The informat\n-000044e0: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 ion on your hard\n-000044f0: 7761 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f 2065 7373 ware is also ess\n-00004500: 656e 7469 616c 2e20 2054 6865 7365 2061 ential. These a\n-00004510: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6573 7065 6369 616c re. especial\n-00004520: 6c79 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 3a20 7468 ly important: th\n-00004530: 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 7269 6573 2061 6e64 e geometries and\n-00004540: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 the partition t\n-00004550: 6162 6c65 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 796f ables of. yo\n-00004560: 7572 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 ur hard disk dri\n-00004570: 7665 7320 616e 6420 796f 7572 2042 494f ves and your BIO\n-00004580: 532e 0a0a 2020 342e 2049 6620 4752 5542 S... 4. If GRUB\n-00004590: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 cannot boot you\n-000045a0: 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 r operating syst\n-000045b0: 656d 2c20 7772 6974 6520 646f 776e 205f em, write down _\n-000045c0: 6576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 5f0a 2020 2020 everything_. \n-000045d0: 2079 6f75 2073 6565 206f 6e20 7468 6520 you see on the \n-000045e0: 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2044 6f6e 2774 2070 screen. Don't p\n-000045f0: 6172 6170 6872 6173 6520 7468 656d 2c20 araphrase them, \n-00004600: 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 5468 6520 666f 6f20 like ...The foo \n-00004610: 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 OS. crashes \n-00004620: 7769 7468 2047 5255 422c 2065 7665 6e20 with GRUB, even \n-00004630: 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7420 6361 6e20 626f though it can bo\n-00004640: 6f74 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6261 7220 ot with the bar \n-00004650: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 720a 2020 2020 boot loader. \n-00004660: 206a 7573 7420 6669 6e65 e280 992e 2020 just fine.... \n-00004670: 4d65 6e74 696f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d Mention the comm\n-00004680: 616e 6473 2079 6f75 2065 7865 6375 7465 ands you execute\n-00004690: 642c 2074 6865 206d 6573 7361 6765 730a d, the messages.\n-000046a0: 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 7920 printed by \n-000046b0: 7468 656d 2c20 616e 6420 696e 666f 726d them, and inform\n-000046c0: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 ation on your op\n-000046d0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2069 erating system i\n-000046e0: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7468 ncluding. th\n-000046f0: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 e version number\n-00004700: 2e0a 0a20 2035 2e20 4578 706c 6169 6e20 ... 5. Explain \n-00004710: 7768 6174 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7465 6420 what you wanted \n-00004720: 746f 2064 6f2e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7665 to do. It is ve\n-00004730: 7279 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 206b 6e6f ry useful to kno\n-00004740: 7720 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7075 7270 w your. purp\n-00004750: 6f73 6520 616e 6420 796f 7572 2077 6973 ose and your wis\n-00004760: 682c 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 h, and how GRUB \n-00004770: 6469 646e 2774 2073 6174 6973 6679 2079 didn't satisfy y\n-00004780: 6f75 2e0a 0a20 2036 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 ou... 6. If you\n-00004790: 2063 616e 2069 6e76 6573 7469 6761 7465 can investigate\n-000047a0: 2074 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 6f75 the problem you\n-000047b0: 7273 656c 662c 2070 6c65 6173 6520 646f rself, please do\n-000047c0: 2e20 2054 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 . That will. \n-000047d0: 2020 6769 7665 2079 6f75 2061 6e64 2075 give you and u\n-000047e0: 7320 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f s much more info\n-000047f0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 rmation on the p\n-00004800: 726f 626c 656d 2e20 2041 7474 6163 6869 roblem. Attachi\n-00004810: 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 6820 ng a. patch \n-00004820: 6973 2065 7665 6e20 6265 7474 6572 2e0a is even better..\n-00004830: 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 2079 6f75 2061 . When you a\n-00004840: 7474 6163 6820 6120 7061 7463 682c 206d ttach a patch, m\n-00004850: 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7463 6820 696e ake the patch in\n-00004860: 2075 6e69 6669 6564 2064 6966 6620 666f unified diff fo\n-00004870: 726d 6174 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 2077 rmat, and. w\n-00004880: 7269 7465 2043 6861 6e67 654c 6f67 2065 rite ChangeLog e\n-00004890: 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 2042 7574 2c20 6576 ntries. But, ev\n-000048a0: 656e 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6d61 6b65 en when you make\n-000048b0: 2061 2070 6174 6368 2c20 646f 6e27 740a a patch, don't.\n-000048c0: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6765 7420 746f 2065 forget to e\n-000048d0: 7870 6c61 696e 2074 6865 2070 726f 626c xplain the probl\n-000048e0: 656d 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 7765 2063 em, so that we c\n-000048f0: 616e 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 7768 an understand wh\n-00004900: 6174 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 6174 at your. pat\n-00004910: 6368 2069 7320 666f 722e 0a0a 2020 372e ch is for... 7.\n-00004920: 2057 7269 7465 2064 6f77 6e20 616e 7974 Write down anyt\n-00004930: 6869 6e67 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 7468 hing that you th\n-00004940: 696e 6b20 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2072 656c ink might be rel\n-00004950: 6174 6564 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 650a 2020 ated. Please. \n-00004960: 2020 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 7468 understand th\n-00004970: 6174 2077 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6e65 6564 at we often need\n-00004980: 2074 6f20 7265 7072 6f64 7563 6520 7468 to reproduce th\n-00004990: 6520 7361 6d65 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 e same problem y\n-000049a0: 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 656e 636f 756e 7465 ou. encounte\n-000049b0: 7265 6420 696e 206f 7572 2065 6e76 6972 red in our envir\n-000049c0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2e20 2053 6f20 796f 7572 onment. So your\n-000049d0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2073 686f information sho\n-000049e0: 756c 6420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6666 uld be. suff\n-000049f0: 6963 6965 6e74 2066 6f72 2075 7320 746f icient for us to\n-00004a00: 2064 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2074 6869 do the same thi\n-00004a10: 6e67 2d2d 446f 6e27 7420 666f 7267 6574 ng--Don't forget\n-00004a20: 2074 6861 7420 7765 2063 616e 6e6f 740a that we cannot.\n-00004a30: 2020 2020 2073 6565 2079 6f75 7220 636f see your co\n-00004a40: 6d70 7574 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c 792e mputer directly.\n-00004a50: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 206e 6f74 If you are not\n-00004a60: 2073 7572 6520 7768 6574 6865 7220 746f sure whether to\n-00004a70: 2073 7461 7465 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6661 state a. fa\n-00004a80: 6374 206f 7220 6c65 6176 6520 6974 206f ct or leave it o\n-00004a90: 7574 2c20 7374 6174 6520 6974 2120 2052 ut, state it! R\n-00004aa0: 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2074 6f6f 206d 616e eporting too man\n-00004ab0: 7920 7468 696e 6773 2069 7320 6d75 6368 y things is much\n-00004ac0: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 7474 6572 2074 6861 . better tha\n-00004ad0: 6e20 6f6d 6974 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d 6574 n omitting somet\n-00004ae0: 6869 6e67 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2e0a hing important..\n-00004af0: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2066 6f6c 6c6f . If you follo\n-00004b00: 7720 7468 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e 6520 w the guideline \n-00004b10: 6162 6f76 652c 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 above, submit a \n-00004b20: 7265 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4275 report to the Bu\n-00004b30: 670a 5472 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 g.Tracking Syste\n-00004b40: 6d20 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7361 7661 6e6e m (http://savann\n-00004b50: 6168 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f62 7567 732f ah.gnu.org/bugs/\n-00004b60: 3f67 726f 7570 3d67 7275 6229 2e0a 416c ?group=grub)..Al\n-00004b70: 7465 726e 6174 6976 656c 792c 2079 6f75 ternatively, you\n-00004b80: 2063 616e 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 7265 can submit a re\n-00004b90: 706f 7274 2076 6961 2065 6c65 6374 726f port via electro\n-00004ba0: 6e69 6320 6d61 696c 2074 6f0a 3c62 7567 nic mail to., \n-00004bc0: 6275 7420 7765 2073 7472 6f6e 676c 7920 but we strongly \n-00004bd0: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 recommend that y\n-00004be0: 6f75 2075 7365 2074 6865 2042 7567 0a54 ou use the Bug.T\n-00004bf0: 7261 636b 696e 6720 5379 7374 656d 2c20 racking System, \n-00004c00: 6265 6361 7573 6520 652d 6d61 696c 2063 because e-mail c\n-00004c10: 616e 2062 6520 7061 7373 6564 206f 7665 an be passed ove\n-00004c20: 7220 6561 7369 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e r easily... On\n-00004c30: 6365 2077 6520 6765 7420 796f 7572 2072 ce we get your r\n-00004c40: 6570 6f72 742c 2077 6520 7769 6c6c 2074 eport, we will t\n-00004c50: 7279 2074 6f20 6669 7820 7468 6520 6275 ry to fix the bu\n-00004c60: 6773 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 gs.....File: gru\n-00004c70: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 b.info, Node: F\n-00004c80: 7574 7572 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f uture, Next: Co\n-00004c90: 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 pying This Manua\n-00004ca0: 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5265 706f 7274 l, Prev: Report\n-00004cb0: 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 2055 703a 2054 ing bugs, Up: T\n-00004cc0: 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2043 2057 op..Appendix C W\n-00004cd0: 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2067 here GRUB will g\n-00004ce0: 6f0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a o.**************\n-00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-00004d00: 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6973 206e 6f77 2071 .GRUB 2 is now q\n-00004d10: 7569 7465 2073 7461 626c 6520 616e 6420 uite stable and \n-00004d20: 7573 6564 2069 6e20 6d61 6e79 2070 726f used in many pro\n-00004d30: 6475 6374 696f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 732e duction systems.\n-00004d40: 2020 5765 2061 7265 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 We are.current\n-00004d50: 6c79 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 2074 6f77 6172 ly working towar\n-00004d60: 6473 2061 2032 2e30 2072 656c 6561 7365 ds a 2.0 release\n-00004d70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 ... If you are\n-00004d80: 2069 6e74 6572 6573 7465 6420 696e 2074 interested in t\n-00004d90: 6865 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 206f he development o\n-00004da0: 6620 4752 5542 2032 2c20 7461 6b65 2061 f GRUB 2, take a\n-00004db0: 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 0a74 6865 2068 6f6d look at.the hom\n-00004dc0: 6570 6167 6520 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 epage (http://ww\n-00004dd0: 772e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 736f 6674 7761 w.gnu.org/softwa\n-00004de0: 7265 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e68 746d re/grub/grub.htm\n-00004df0: 6c29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 l).....File: gru\n-00004e00: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 b.info, Node: C\n-00004e10: 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 opying This Manu\n-00004e20: 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e64 6578 al, Next: Index\n-00004e30: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 7574 7572 652c , Prev: Future,\n-00004e40: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e Up: Top..Appen\n-00004e50: 6469 7820 4420 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 dix D Copying Th\n-00004e60: 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a is Manual.******\n+000041f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 ********..These \n+00004200: 6172 6520 7468 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e are the guidelin\n+00004210: 6520 666f 7220 686f 7720 746f 2072 6570 e for how to rep\n+00004220: 6f72 7420 6275 6773 2e20 2054 616b 6520 ort bugs. Take \n+00004230: 6120 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6973 0a6c a look at this.l\n+00004240: 6973 7420 6265 6c6f 7720 6265 666f 7265 ist below before\n+00004250: 2079 6f75 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6275 6773 you submit bugs\n+00004260: 3a0a 0a20 2031 2e20 4265 666f 7265 2067 :.. 1. Before g\n+00004270: 6574 7469 6e67 2075 6e73 6574 746c 6564 etting unsettled\n+00004280: 2c20 7265 6164 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 , read this manu\n+00004290: 616c 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2061 6e64 2074 al through and t\n+000042a0: 6872 6f75 6768 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 hrough.. Als\n+000042b0: 6f2c 2073 6565 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2047 o, see the GNU G\n+000042c0: 5255 4220 4641 510a 2020 2020 2028 6874 RUB FAQ. (ht\n+000042d0: 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 tp://www.gnu.org\n+000042e0: 2f73 6f66 7477 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f67 /software/grub/g\n+000042f0: 7275 622d 6661 712e 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a rub-faq.html)...\n+00004300: 2020 322e 2041 6c77 6179 7320 6d65 6e74 2. Always ment\n+00004310: 696f 6e20 7468 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 ion the informat\n+00004320: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 4752 5542 ion on your GRUB\n+00004330: 2e20 5468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 . The version nu\n+00004340: 6d62 6572 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 mber and. th\n+00004350: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 e configuration \n+00004360: 6172 6520 7175 6974 6520 696d 706f 7274 are quite import\n+00004370: 616e 742e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2062 7569 ant. If you bui\n+00004380: 6c64 2069 7420 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2c0a ld it yourself,.\n+00004390: 2020 2020 2077 7269 7465 2074 6865 206f write the o\n+000043a0: 7074 696f 6e73 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 ptions specified\n+000043b0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 to the configur\n+000043c0: 6520 7363 7269 7074 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 e script and you\n+000043d0: 720a 2020 2020 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 r. operating\n+000043e0: 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 system, includi\n+000043f0: 6e67 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 ng the versions \n+00004400: 6f66 2067 6363 2061 6e64 2062 696e 7574 of gcc and binut\n+00004410: 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f ils... 3. If yo\n+00004420: 7520 6861 7665 2074 726f 7562 6c65 2077 u have trouble w\n+00004430: 6974 6820 7468 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c61 ith the installa\n+00004440: 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e 666f 726d 2075 7320 tion, inform us \n+00004450: 6f66 2068 6f77 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 of how you. \n+00004460: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 4752 5542 2e20 installed GRUB. \n+00004470: 446f 6e27 7420 6f6d 6974 2065 7272 6f72 Don't omit error\n+00004480: 206d 6573 7361 6765 732c 2069 6620 616e messages, if an\n+00004490: 792e 2020 4a75 7374 20e2 8098 4752 5542 y. Just ...GRUB\n+000044a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e67 7320 7570 2077 . hangs up w\n+000044b0: 6865 6e20 6974 2062 6f6f 7473 e280 9920 hen it boots... \n+000044c0: 6973 206e 6f74 2065 6e6f 7567 682e 0a0a is not enough...\n+000044d0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 The informa\n+000044e0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2068 6172 tion on your har\n+000044f0: 6477 6172 6520 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 6573 dware is also es\n+00004500: 7365 6e74 6961 6c2e 2020 5468 6573 6520 sential. These \n+00004510: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2065 7370 6563 6961 are. especia\n+00004520: 6c6c 7920 696d 706f 7274 616e 743a 2074 lly important: t\n+00004530: 6865 2067 656f 6d65 7472 6965 7320 616e he geometries an\n+00004540: 6420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 d the partition \n+00004550: 7461 626c 6573 206f 660a 2020 2020 2079 tables of. y\n+00004560: 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 our hard disk dr\n+00004570: 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 4249 ives and your BI\n+00004580: 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2034 2e20 4966 2047 5255 OS... 4. If GRU\n+00004590: 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 796f B cannot boot yo\n+000045a0: 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 ur operating sys\n+000045b0: 7465 6d2c 2077 7269 7465 2064 6f77 6e20 tem, write down \n+000045c0: 5f65 7665 7279 7468 696e 675f 0a20 2020 _everything_. \n+000045d0: 2020 796f 7520 7365 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 you see on the\n+000045e0: 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 446f 6e27 7420 screen. Don't \n+000045f0: 7061 7261 7068 7261 7365 2074 6865 6d2c paraphrase them,\n+00004600: 206c 696b 6520 e280 9854 6865 2066 6f6f like ...The foo\n+00004610: 204f 530a 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 OS. crashes\n+00004620: 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 2c20 6576 656e with GRUB, even\n+00004630: 2074 686f 7567 6820 6974 2063 616e 2062 though it can b\n+00004640: 6f6f 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2062 6172 oot with the bar\n+00004650: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a20 2020 boot loader. \n+00004660: 2020 6a75 7374 2066 696e 65e2 8099 2e20 just fine.... \n+00004670: 204d 656e 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d Mention the com\n+00004680: 6d61 6e64 7320 796f 7520 6578 6563 7574 mands you execut\n+00004690: 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 ed, the messages\n+000046a0: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 6420 6279 . printed by\n+000046b0: 2074 6865 6d2c 2061 6e64 2069 6e66 6f72 them, and infor\n+000046c0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206f mation on your o\n+000046d0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 perating system \n+000046e0: 696e 636c 7564 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 including. t\n+000046f0: 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 he version numbe\n+00004700: 722e 0a0a 2020 352e 2045 7870 6c61 696e r... 5. Explain\n+00004710: 2077 6861 7420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 6564 what you wanted\n+00004720: 2074 6f20 646f 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2076 to do. It is v\n+00004730: 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 6b6e ery useful to kn\n+00004740: 6f77 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 7572 ow your. pur\n+00004750: 706f 7365 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 7769 pose and your wi\n+00004760: 7368 2c20 616e 6420 686f 7720 4752 5542 sh, and how GRUB\n+00004770: 2064 6964 6e27 7420 7361 7469 7366 7920 didn't satisfy \n+00004780: 796f 752e 0a0a 2020 362e 2049 6620 796f you... 6. If yo\n+00004790: 7520 6361 6e20 696e 7665 7374 6967 6174 u can investigat\n+000047a0: 6520 7468 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 796f e the problem yo\n+000047b0: 7572 7365 6c66 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2064 urself, please d\n+000047c0: 6f2e 2020 5468 6174 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 o. That will. \n+000047d0: 2020 2067 6976 6520 796f 7520 616e 6420 give you and \n+000047e0: 7573 206d 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 us much more inf\n+000047f0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 ormation on the \n+00004800: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2e 2020 4174 7461 6368 problem. Attach\n+00004810: 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 2070 6174 6368 ing a. patch\n+00004820: 2069 7320 6576 656e 2062 6574 7465 722e is even better.\n+00004830: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 796f 7520 .. When you \n+00004840: 6174 7461 6368 2061 2070 6174 6368 2c20 attach a patch, \n+00004850: 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2070 6174 6368 2069 make the patch i\n+00004860: 6e20 756e 6966 6965 6420 6469 6666 2066 n unified diff f\n+00004870: 6f72 6d61 742c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 ormat, and. \n+00004880: 7772 6974 6520 4368 616e 6765 4c6f 6720 write ChangeLog \n+00004890: 656e 7472 6965 732e 2020 4275 742c 2065 entries. But, e\n+000048a0: 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2079 6f75 206d 616b ven when you mak\n+000048b0: 6520 6120 7061 7463 682c 2064 6f6e 2774 e a patch, don't\n+000048c0: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7267 6574 2074 6f20 . forget to \n+000048d0: 6578 706c 6169 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f62 explain the prob\n+000048e0: 6c65 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2077 6520 lem, so that we \n+000048f0: 6361 6e20 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2077 can understand w\n+00004900: 6861 7420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7061 hat your. pa\n+00004910: 7463 6820 6973 2066 6f72 2e0a 0a20 2037 tch is for... 7\n+00004920: 2e20 5772 6974 6520 646f 776e 2061 6e79 . Write down any\n+00004930: 7468 696e 6720 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2074 thing that you t\n+00004940: 6869 6e6b 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7265 hink might be re\n+00004950: 6c61 7465 642e 2020 506c 6561 7365 0a20 lated. Please. \n+00004960: 2020 2020 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2074 understand t\n+00004970: 6861 7420 7765 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 hat we often nee\n+00004980: 6420 746f 2072 6570 726f 6475 6365 2074 d to reproduce t\n+00004990: 6865 2073 616d 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 he same problem \n+000049a0: 796f 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 6f75 6e74 you. encount\n+000049b0: 6572 6564 2069 6e20 6f75 7220 656e 7669 ered in our envi\n+000049c0: 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 536f 2079 6f75 ronment. So you\n+000049d0: 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7368 r information sh\n+000049e0: 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 7566 ould be. suf\n+000049f0: 6669 6369 656e 7420 666f 7220 7573 2074 ficient for us t\n+00004a00: 6f20 646f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7468 o do the same th\n+00004a10: 696e 672d 2d44 6f6e 2774 2066 6f72 6765 ing--Don't forge\n+00004a20: 7420 7468 6174 2077 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 t that we cannot\n+00004a30: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6520 796f 7572 2063 . see your c\n+00004a40: 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 6469 7265 6374 6c79 omputer directly\n+00004a50: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 6520 6e6f . If you are no\n+00004a60: 7420 7375 7265 2077 6865 7468 6572 2074 t sure whether t\n+00004a70: 6f20 7374 6174 6520 610a 2020 2020 2066 o state a. f\n+00004a80: 6163 7420 6f72 206c 6561 7665 2069 7420 act or leave it \n+00004a90: 6f75 742c 2073 7461 7465 2069 7421 2020 out, state it! \n+00004aa0: 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 6f20 6d61 Reporting too ma\n+00004ab0: 6e79 2074 6869 6e67 7320 6973 206d 7563 ny things is muc\n+00004ac0: 680a 2020 2020 2062 6574 7465 7220 7468 h. better th\n+00004ad0: 616e 206f 6d69 7474 696e 6720 736f 6d65 an omitting some\n+00004ae0: 7468 696e 6720 696d 706f 7274 616e 742e thing important.\n+00004af0: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 666f 6c6c .. If you foll\n+00004b00: 6f77 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 6e65 ow the guideline\n+00004b10: 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7375 626d 6974 2061 above, submit a\n+00004b20: 2072 6570 6f72 7420 746f 2074 6865 2042 report to the B\n+00004b30: 7567 0a54 7261 636b 696e 6720 5379 7374 ug.Tracking Syst\n+00004b40: 656d 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f73 6176 616e em (http://savan\n+00004b50: 6e61 682e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 6275 6773 nah.gnu.org/bugs\n+00004b60: 2f3f 6772 6f75 703d 6772 7562 292e 0a41 /?group=grub)..A\n+00004b70: 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 796f lternatively, yo\n+00004b80: 7520 6361 6e20 7375 626d 6974 2061 2072 u can submit a r\n+00004b90: 6570 6f72 7420 7669 6120 656c 6563 7472 eport via electr\n+00004ba0: 6f6e 6963 206d 6169 6c20 746f 0a3c 6275 onic mail to.,\n+00004bc0: 2062 7574 2077 6520 7374 726f 6e67 6c79 but we strongly\n+00004bd0: 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 6861 7420 recommend that \n+00004be0: 796f 7520 7573 6520 7468 6520 4275 670a you use the Bug.\n+00004bf0: 5472 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 6d2c Tracking System,\n+00004c00: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2065 2d6d 6169 6c20 because e-mail \n+00004c10: 6361 6e20 6265 2070 6173 7365 6420 6f76 can be passed ov\n+00004c20: 6572 2065 6173 696c 792e 0a0a 2020 204f er easily... O\n+00004c30: 6e63 6520 7765 2067 6574 2079 6f75 7220 nce we get your \n+00004c40: 7265 706f 7274 2c20 7765 2077 696c 6c20 report, we will \n+00004c50: 7472 7920 746f 2066 6978 2074 6865 2062 try to fix the b\n+00004c60: 7567 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ugs.....File: gr\n+00004c70: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00004c80: 4675 7475 7265 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 Future, Next: C\n+00004c90: 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 opying This Manu\n+00004ca0: 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2052 6570 6f72 al, Prev: Repor\n+00004cb0: 7469 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 5570 3a20 ting bugs, Up: \n+00004cc0: 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4320 Top..Appendix C \n+00004cd0: 5768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 Where GRUB will \n+00004ce0: 676f 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a go.*************\n+00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00004d00: 0a0a 4752 5542 2032 2069 7320 6e6f 7720 ..GRUB 2 is now \n+00004d10: 7175 6974 6520 7374 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 quite stable and\n+00004d20: 2075 7365 6420 696e 206d 616e 7920 7072 used in many pr\n+00004d30: 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 oduction systems\n+00004d40: 2e20 2057 6520 6172 650a 6375 7272 656e . We are.curren\n+00004d50: 746c 7920 776f 726b 696e 6720 746f 7761 tly working towa\n+00004d60: 7264 7320 6120 322e 3020 7265 6c65 6173 rds a 2.0 releas\n+00004d70: 652e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 e... If you ar\n+00004d80: 6520 696e 7465 7265 7374 6564 2069 6e20 e interested in \n+00004d90: 7468 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 the development \n+00004da0: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 322c 2074 616b 6520 of GRUB 2, take \n+00004db0: 6120 6c6f 6f6b 2061 740a 7468 6520 686f a look at.the ho\n+00004dc0: 6d65 7061 6765 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 mepage (http://w\n+00004dd0: 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f73 6f66 7477 ww.gnu.org/softw\n+00004de0: 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6874 are/grub/grub.ht\n+00004df0: 6d6c 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ml).....File: gr\n+00004e00: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00004e10: 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e Copying This Man\n+00004e20: 7561 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 6465 ual, Next: Inde\n+00004e30: 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4675 7475 7265 x, Prev: Future\n+00004e40: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 , Up: Top..Appe\n+00004e50: 6e64 6978 2044 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 ndix D Copying T\n+00004e60: 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a his Manual.*****\n 00004e70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 ********..* Menu\n-00004e90: 3a0a 0a2a 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f :..* GNU Free Do\n-00004ea0: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 cumentation Lice\n-00004eb0: 6e73 653a 3a20 204c 6963 656e 7365 2066 nse:: License f\n-00004ec0: 6f72 2063 6f70 7969 6e67 2074 6869 7320 or copying this \n-00004ed0: 6d61 6e75 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a manual.....File:\n-00004ee0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00004ef0: 653a 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 e: GNU Free Docu\n-00004f00: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 mentation Licens\n-00004f10: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 e, Up: Copying \n-00004f20: 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 0a44 2e31 This Manual..D.1\n-00004f30: 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 GNU Free Docume\n-00004f40: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 650a ntation License.\n-00004f50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00004e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e *********..* Men\n+00004e90: 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 u:..* GNU Free D\n+00004ea0: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n+00004eb0: 656e 7365 3a3a 2020 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 ense:: License \n+00004ec0: 666f 7220 636f 7079 696e 6720 7468 6973 for copying this\n+00004ed0: 206d 616e 7561 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 manual.....File\n+00004ee0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00004ef0: 6465 3a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 de: GNU Free Doc\n+00004f00: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n+00004f10: 7365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 se, Up: Copying\n+00004f20: 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a0a 442e This Manual..D.\n+00004f30: 3120 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 1 GNU Free Docum\n+00004f40: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 entation License\n+00004f50: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n 00004f60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004f70: 3d3d 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ==.. \n-00004f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f Versio\n-00004f90: 6e20 312e 322c 204e 6f76 656d 6265 7220 n 1.2, November \n-00004fa0: 3230 3032 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6f70 7972 2002.. Copyr\n-00004fb0: 6967 6874 20c2 a920 3230 3030 2c32 3030 ight .. 2000,200\n-00004fc0: 312c 3230 3032 2046 7265 6520 536f 6674 1,2002 Free Soft\n-00004fd0: 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c ware Foundation,\n-00004fe0: 2049 6e63 2e0a 2020 2020 2035 3120 4672 Inc.. 51 Fr\n-00004ff0: 616e 6b6c 696e 2053 742c 2046 6966 7468 anklin St, Fifth\n-00005000: 2046 6c6f 6f72 2c20 426f 7374 6f6e 2c20 Floor, Boston, \n-00005010: 4d41 2020 3032 3131 302d 3133 3031 2c20 MA 02110-1301, \n-00005020: 5553 410a 0a20 2020 2020 4576 6572 796f USA.. Everyo\n-00005030: 6e65 2069 7320 7065 726d 6974 7465 6420 ne is permitted \n-00005040: 746f 2063 6f70 7920 616e 6420 6469 7374 to copy and dist\n-00005050: 7269 6275 7465 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 ribute verbatim \n-00005060: 636f 7069 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 copies. of t\n-00005070: 6869 7320 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 646f 6375 his license docu\n-00005080: 6d65 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6368 616e 6769 ment, but changi\n-00005090: 6e67 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c ng it is not all\n-000050a0: 6f77 6564 2e0a 0a20 2030 2e20 5052 4541 owed... 0. PREA\n-000050b0: 4d42 4c45 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 MBLE.. The p\n-000050c0: 7572 706f 7365 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c urpose of this L\n-000050d0: 6963 656e 7365 2069 7320 746f 206d 616b icense is to mak\n-000050e0: 6520 6120 6d61 6e75 616c 2c20 7465 7874 e a manual, text\n-000050f0: 626f 6f6b 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 0a20 book, or other. \n-00005100: 2020 2020 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 functional a\n-00005110: 6e64 2075 7365 6675 6c20 646f 6375 6d65 nd useful docume\n-00005120: 6e74 20e2 809c 6672 6565 e280 9d20 696e nt ...free... in\n-00005130: 2074 6865 2073 656e 7365 206f 6620 6672 the sense of fr\n-00005140: 6565 646f 6d3a 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 eedom: to. a\n-00005150: 7373 7572 6520 6576 6572 796f 6e65 2074 ssure everyone t\n-00005160: 6865 2065 6666 6563 7469 7665 2066 7265 he effective fre\n-00005170: 6564 6f6d 2074 6f20 636f 7079 2061 6e64 edom to copy and\n-00005180: 2072 6564 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 6974 redistribute it\n-00005190: 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 6f72 2077 ,. with or w\n-000051a0: 6974 686f 7574 206d 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 ithout modifying\n-000051b0: 2069 742c 2065 6974 6865 7220 636f 6d6d it, either comm\n-000051c0: 6572 6369 616c 6c79 206f 720a 2020 2020 ercially or. \n-000051d0: 206e 6f6e 636f 6d6d 6572 6369 616c 6c79 noncommercially\n-000051e0: 2e20 2053 6563 6f6e 6461 7269 6c79 2c20 . Secondarily, \n-000051f0: 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2070 7265 this License pre\n-00005200: 7365 7276 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 serves for the. \n-00005210: 2020 2020 6175 7468 6f72 2061 6e64 2070 author and p\n-00005220: 7562 6c69 7368 6572 2061 2077 6179 2074 ublisher a way t\n-00005230: 6f20 6765 7420 6372 6564 6974 2066 6f72 o get credit for\n-00005240: 2074 6865 6972 2077 6f72 6b2c 2077 6869 their work, whi\n-00005250: 6c65 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6265 696e le not. bein\n-00005260: 6720 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2072 6573 g considered res\n-00005270: 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 6f64 ponsible for mod\n-00005280: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 206d 6164 6520 ifications made \n-00005290: 6279 206f 7468 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 by others... \n-000052a0: 2054 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6973 This License is\n-000052b0: 2061 206b 696e 6420 6f66 2022 636f 7079 a kind of \"copy\n-000052c0: 6c65 6674 222c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6561 left\", which mea\n-000052d0: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6465 7269 7661 7469 ns that derivati\n-000052e0: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 776f 726b 7320 6f66 ve. works of\n-000052f0: 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d75 the document mu\n-00005300: 7374 2074 6865 6d73 656c 7665 7320 6265 st themselves be\n-00005310: 2066 7265 6520 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d free in the sam\n-00005320: 6520 7365 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 e sense.. It\n-00005330: 2063 6f6d 706c 656d 656e 7473 2074 6865 complements the\n-00005340: 2047 4e55 2047 656e 6572 616c 2050 7562 GNU General Pub\n-00005350: 6c69 6320 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 2077 6869 lic License, whi\n-00005360: 6368 2069 7320 6120 636f 7079 6c65 6674 ch is a copyleft\n-00005370: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6465 . license de\n-00005380: 7369 676e 6564 2066 6f72 2066 7265 6520 signed for free \n-00005390: 736f 6674 7761 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 software... \n-000053a0: 5765 2068 6176 6520 6465 7369 676e 6564 We have designed\n-000053b0: 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 696e this License in\n-000053c0: 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6974 order to use it\n-000053d0: 2066 6f72 206d 616e 7561 6c73 2066 6f72 for manuals for\n-000053e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6565 2073 6f66 7477 . free softw\n-000053f0: 6172 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2066 7265 are, because fre\n-00005400: 6520 736f 6674 7761 7265 206e 6565 6473 e software needs\n-00005410: 2066 7265 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 free documentat\n-00005420: 696f 6e3a 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6565 ion: a. free\n-00005430: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2073 686f 756c 6420 program should \n-00005440: 636f 6d65 2077 6974 6820 6d61 6e75 616c come with manual\n-00005450: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 696e 6720 7468 6520 s providing the \n-00005460: 7361 6d65 2066 7265 6564 6f6d 730a 2020 same freedoms. \n-00005470: 2020 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 736f 6674 that the soft\n-00005480: 7761 7265 2064 6f65 732e 2020 4275 7420 ware does. But \n-00005490: 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 7320 this License is \n-000054a0: 6e6f 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 not limited to. \n-000054b0: 2020 2020 736f 6674 7761 7265 206d 616e software man\n-000054c0: 7561 6c73 3b20 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 uals; it can be \n-000054d0: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 6e79 2074 6578 used for any tex\n-000054e0: 7475 616c 2077 6f72 6b2c 2072 6567 6172 tual work, regar\n-000054f0: 646c 6573 730a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7375 dless. of su\n-00005500: 626a 6563 7420 6d61 7474 6572 206f 7220 bject matter or \n-00005510: 7768 6574 6865 7220 6974 2069 7320 7075 whether it is pu\n-00005520: 626c 6973 6865 6420 6173 2061 2070 7269 blished as a pri\n-00005530: 6e74 6564 2062 6f6f 6b2e 2020 5765 0a20 nted book. We. \n-00005540: 2020 2020 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 recommend th\n-00005550: 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2070 7269 6e63 is License princ\n-00005560: 6970 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2077 6f72 6b73 ipally for works\n-00005570: 2077 686f 7365 2070 7572 706f 7365 2069 whose purpose i\n-00005580: 730a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 s. instructi\n-00005590: 6f6e 206f 7220 7265 6665 7265 6e63 652e on or reference.\n-000055a0: 0a0a 2020 312e 2041 5050 4c49 4341 4249 .. 1. APPLICABI\n-000055b0: 4c49 5459 2041 4e44 2044 4546 494e 4954 LITY AND DEFINIT\n-000055c0: 494f 4e53 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 IONS.. This \n-000055d0: 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6170 706c 6965 7320 License applies \n-000055e0: 746f 2061 6e79 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6f72 to any manual or\n-000055f0: 206f 7468 6572 2077 6f72 6b2c 2069 6e20 other work, in \n-00005600: 616e 7920 6d65 6469 756d 2c0a 2020 2020 any medium,. \n-00005610: 2074 6861 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 that contains a\n-00005620: 206e 6f74 6963 6520 706c 6163 6564 2062 notice placed b\n-00005630: 7920 7468 6520 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 y the copyright \n-00005640: 686f 6c64 6572 2073 6179 696e 6720 6974 holder saying it\n-00005650: 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2064 6973 can. be dis\n-00005660: 7472 6962 7574 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 tributed under t\n-00005670: 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 6973 he terms of this\n-00005680: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2e20 2053 7563 6820 License. Such \n-00005690: 6120 6e6f 7469 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6772 a notice. gr\n-000056a0: 616e 7473 2061 2077 6f72 6c64 2d77 6964 ants a world-wid\n-000056b0: 652c 2072 6f79 616c 7479 2d66 7265 6520 e, royalty-free \n-000056c0: 6c69 6365 6e73 652c 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 license, unlimit\n-000056d0: 6564 2069 6e20 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 2c0a ed in duration,.\n-000056e0: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6174 to use that\n-000056f0: 2077 6f72 6b20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 work under the \n-00005700: 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 2073 7461 7465 conditions state\n-00005710: 6420 6865 7265 696e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 d herein. The. \n-00005720: 2020 2020 2244 6f63 756d 656e 7422 2c20 \"Document\", \n-00005730: 6265 6c6f 772c 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f below, refers to\n-00005740: 2061 6e79 2073 7563 6820 6d61 6e75 616c any such manual\n-00005750: 206f 7220 776f 726b 2e20 2041 6e79 206d or work. Any m\n-00005760: 656d 6265 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 ember. of th\n-00005770: 6520 7075 626c 6963 2069 7320 6120 6c69 e public is a li\n-00005780: 6365 6e73 6565 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2061 censee, and is a\n-00005790: 6464 7265 7373 6564 2061 7320 2279 6f75 ddressed as \"you\n-000057a0: 222e 2020 596f 7520 6163 6365 7074 0a20 \". You accept. \n-000057b0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 the license \n-000057c0: 6966 2079 6f75 2063 6f70 792c 206d 6f64 if you copy, mod\n-000057d0: 6966 7920 6f72 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 ify or distribut\n-000057e0: 6520 7468 6520 776f 726b 2069 6e20 6120 e the work in a \n-000057f0: 7761 790a 2020 2020 2072 6571 7569 7269 way. requiri\n-00005800: 6e67 2070 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 756e ng permission un\n-00005810: 6465 7220 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 6c61 der copyright la\n-00005820: 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 2022 4d6f 6469 w... A \"Modi\n-00005830: 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2220 6f66 fied Version\" of\n-00005840: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d65 the Document me\n-00005850: 616e 7320 616e 7920 776f 726b 2063 6f6e ans any work con\n-00005860: 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 taining the. \n-00005870: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6f72 2061 2070 Document or a p\n-00005880: 6f72 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6974 2c20 6569 ortion of it, ei\n-00005890: 7468 6572 2063 6f70 6965 6420 7665 7262 ther copied verb\n-000058a0: 6174 696d 2c20 6f72 2077 6974 680a 2020 atim, or with. \n-000058b0: 2020 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 modifications\n-000058c0: 2061 6e64 2f6f 7220 7472 616e 736c 6174 and/or translat\n-000058d0: 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 ed into another \n-000058e0: 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 language... \n-000058f0: 4120 2253 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 6563 A \"Secondary Sec\n-00005900: 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2061 206e 616d 6564 tion\" is a named\n-00005910: 2061 7070 656e 6469 7820 6f72 2061 2066 appendix or a f\n-00005920: 726f 6e74 2d6d 6174 7465 7220 7365 6374 ront-matter sect\n-00005930: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 ion. of the \n-00005940: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6465 Document that de\n-00005950: 616c 7320 6578 636c 7573 6976 656c 7920 als exclusively \n-00005960: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 656c 6174 696f with the relatio\n-00005970: 6e73 6869 7020 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 nship of the. \n-00005980: 2020 7075 626c 6973 6865 7273 206f 7220 publishers or \n-00005990: 6175 7468 6f72 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2044 authors of the D\n-000059a0: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2044 ocument to the D\n-000059b0: 6f63 756d 656e 7427 7320 6f76 6572 616c ocument's overal\n-000059c0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7562 6a65 6374 2028 l. subject (\n-000059d0: 6f72 2074 6f20 7265 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 or to related ma\n-000059e0: 7474 6572 7329 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 7461 tters) and conta\n-000059f0: 696e 7320 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7468 6174 ins nothing that\n-00005a00: 2063 6f75 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 6661 6c6c could. fall\n-00005a10: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 7769 7468 696e directly within\n-00005a20: 2074 6861 7420 6f76 6572 616c 6c20 7375 that overall su\n-00005a30: 626a 6563 742e 2020 2854 6875 732c 2069 bject. (Thus, i\n-00005a40: 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 f the Document. \n-00005a50: 2020 2020 6973 2069 6e20 7061 7274 2061 is in part a\n-00005a60: 2074 6578 7462 6f6f 6b20 6f66 206d 6174 textbook of mat\n-00005a70: 6865 6d61 7469 6373 2c20 6120 5365 636f hematics, a Seco\n-00005a80: 6e64 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e20 6d61 ndary Section ma\n-00005a90: 7920 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2065 7870 6c61 y not. expla\n-00005aa0: 696e 2061 6e79 206d 6174 6865 6d61 7469 in any mathemati\n-00005ab0: 6373 2e29 2020 5468 6520 7265 6c61 7469 cs.) The relati\n-00005ac0: 6f6e 7368 6970 2063 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 onship could be \n-00005ad0: 6120 6d61 7474 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 a matter of. \n-00005ae0: 2068 6973 746f 7269 6361 6c20 636f 6e6e historical conn\n-00005af0: 6563 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 ection with the \n-00005b00: 7375 626a 6563 7420 6f72 2077 6974 6820 subject or with \n-00005b10: 7265 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 7474 6572 732c related matters,\n-00005b20: 206f 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 6c65 6761 or. of lega\n-00005b30: 6c2c 2063 6f6d 6d65 7263 6961 6c2c 2070 l, commercial, p\n-00005b40: 6869 6c6f 736f 7068 6963 616c 2c20 6574 hilosophical, et\n-00005b50: 6869 6361 6c20 6f72 2070 6f6c 6974 6963 hical or politic\n-00005b60: 616c 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 al position. \n-00005b70: 2072 6567 6172 6469 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e regarding them.\n-00005b80: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2022 496e 7661 .. The \"Inva\n-00005b90: 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2220 riant Sections\" \n-00005ba0: 6172 6520 6365 7274 6169 6e20 5365 636f are certain Seco\n-00005bb0: 6e64 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2077 ndary Sections w\n-00005bc0: 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7469 746c 6573 hose. titles\n-00005bd0: 2061 7265 2064 6573 6967 6e61 7465 642c are designated,\n-00005be0: 2061 7320 6265 696e 6720 7468 6f73 6520 as being those \n-00005bf0: 6f66 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 of Invariant Sec\n-00005c00: 7469 6f6e 732c 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 tions, in the. \n-00005c10: 2020 206e 6f74 6963 6520 7468 6174 2073 notice that s\n-00005c20: 6179 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2044 6f63 ays that the Doc\n-00005c30: 756d 656e 7420 6973 2072 656c 6561 7365 ument is release\n-00005c40: 6420 756e 6465 7220 7468 6973 204c 6963 d under this Lic\n-00005c50: 656e 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6120 ense.. If a \n-00005c60: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 646f 6573 206e 6f74 section does not\n-00005c70: 2066 6974 2074 6865 2061 626f 7665 2064 fit the above d\n-00005c80: 6566 696e 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2053 6563 efinition of Sec\n-00005c90: 6f6e 6461 7279 2074 6865 6e20 6974 0a20 ondary then it. \n-00005ca0: 2020 2020 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 is not allow\n-00005cb0: 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6573 6967 6e61 ed to be designa\n-00005cc0: 7465 6420 6173 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 ted as Invariant\n-00005cd0: 2e20 2054 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 . The Document \n-00005ce0: 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 696e may. contain\n-00005cf0: 207a 6572 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 zero Invariant \n-00005d00: 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 Sections. If th\n-00005d10: 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2064 6f65 7320 e Document does \n-00005d20: 6e6f 7420 6964 656e 7469 6679 0a20 2020 not identify. \n-00005d30: 2020 616e 7920 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 any Invariant \n-00005d40: 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2074 6865 6e20 7468 Sections then th\n-00005d50: 6572 6520 6172 6520 6e6f 6e65 2e0a 0a20 ere are none... \n-00005d60: 2020 2020 5468 6520 2243 6f76 6572 2054 The \"Cover T\n-00005d70: 6578 7473 2220 6172 6520 6365 7274 6169 exts\" are certai\n-00005d80: 6e20 7368 6f72 7420 7061 7373 6167 6573 n short passages\n-00005d90: 206f 6620 7465 7874 2074 6861 7420 6172 of text that ar\n-00005da0: 650a 2020 2020 206c 6973 7465 642c 2061 e. listed, a\n-00005db0: 7320 4672 6f6e 742d 436f 7665 7220 5465 s Front-Cover Te\n-00005dc0: 7874 7320 6f72 2042 6163 6b2d 436f 7665 xts or Back-Cove\n-00005dd0: 7220 5465 7874 732c 2069 6e20 7468 6520 r Texts, in the \n-00005de0: 6e6f 7469 6365 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 notice. that\n-00005df0: 2073 6179 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2044 says that the D\n-00005e00: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6973 2072 656c 6561 ocument is relea\n-00005e10: 7365 6420 756e 6465 7220 7468 6973 204c sed under this L\n-00005e20: 6963 656e 7365 2e20 2041 0a20 2020 2020 icense. 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For\n-00006570: 0a20 2020 2020 776f 726b 7320 696e 2066 . works in f\n-00006580: 6f72 6d61 7473 2077 6869 6368 2064 6f20 ormats which do \n-00006590: 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 2061 6e79 2074 6974 not have any tit\n-000065a0: 6c65 2070 6167 6520 6173 2073 7563 682c le page as such,\n-000065b0: 2022 5469 746c 650a 2020 2020 2050 6167 \"Title. Pag\n-000065c0: 6522 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2074 6578 e\" means the tex\n-000065d0: 7420 6e65 6172 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 t near the most \n-000065e0: 7072 6f6d 696e 656e 7420 6170 7065 6172 prominent appear\n-000065f0: 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 ance of the. \n-00006600: 2077 6f72 6b27 7320 7469 746c 652c 2070 work's title, p\n-00006610: 7265 6365 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6567 receding the beg\n-00006620: 696e 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f inning of the bo\n-00006630: 6479 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 2e0a dy of the text..\n-00006640: 0a20 2020 2020 4120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 . A section \n-00006650: 2245 6e74 6974 6c65 6420 5859 5a22 206d \"Entitled XYZ\" m\n-00006660: 6561 6e73 2061 206e 616d 6564 2073 7562 eans a named sub\n-00006670: 756e 6974 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 unit of the Docu\n-00006680: 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6f73 6520 ment. whose \n-00006690: 7469 746c 6520 6569 7468 6572 2069 7320 title either is \n-000066a0: 7072 6563 6973 656c 7920 5859 5a20 6f72 precisely XYZ or\n-000066b0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 5859 5a20 696e contains XYZ in\n-000066c0: 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 0a20 2020 parentheses. \n-000066d0: 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7465 7874 following text\n-000066e0: 2074 6861 7420 7472 616e 736c 6174 6573 that translates\n-000066f0: 2058 595a 2069 6e20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 XYZ in another \n-00006700: 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e20 2028 4865 7265 language. (Here\n-00006710: 2058 595a 0a20 2020 2020 7374 616e 6473 XYZ. stands\n-00006720: 2066 6f72 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 for a specific \n-00006730: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6e61 6d65 206d 656e section name men\n-00006740: 7469 6f6e 6564 2062 656c 6f77 2c20 7375 tioned below, su\n-00006750: 6368 2061 730a 2020 2020 2022 4163 6b6e ch as. \"Ackn\n-00006760: 6f77 6c65 6467 656d 656e 7473 222c 2022 owledgements\", \"\n-00006770: 4465 6469 6361 7469 6f6e 7322 2c20 2245 Dedications\", \"E\n-00006780: 6e64 6f72 7365 6d65 6e74 7322 2c20 6f72 ndorsements\", or\n-00006790: 2022 4869 7374 6f72 7922 2e29 0a20 2020 \"History\".). \n-000067a0: 2020 546f 2022 5072 6573 6572 7665 2074 To \"Preserve t\n-000067b0: 6865 2054 6974 6c65 2220 6f66 2073 7563 he Title\" of suc\n-000067c0: 6820 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 7768 656e h a section when\n-000067d0: 2079 6f75 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 650a you modify the.\n-000067e0: 2020 2020 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d65 Document me\n-000067f0: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2069 7420 7265 6d61 ans that it rema\n-00006800: 696e 7320 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 2245 ins a section \"E\n-00006810: 6e74 6974 6c65 6420 5859 5a22 2061 6363 ntitled XYZ\" acc\n-00006820: 6f72 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 ording. to t\n-00006830: 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 2e0a his definition..\n-00006840: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 . 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D\n-00007e60: 6f63 756d 656e 742c 2063 7265 6174 6520 ocument, create \n-00007e70: 6f6e 6520 7374 6174 696e 6720 7468 6520 one stating the \n-00007e80: 7469 746c 652c 2079 6561 722c 2061 7574 title, year, aut\n-00007e90: 686f 7273 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 hors, and. \n-00007ea0: 2020 2020 7075 626c 6973 6865 7220 6f66 publisher of\n-00007eb0: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6173 the Document as\n-00007ec0: 2067 6976 656e 206f 6e20 6974 7320 5469 given on its Ti\n-00007ed0: 746c 6520 5061 6765 2c20 7468 656e 2061 tle Page, then a\n-00007ee0: 6464 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e20 dd. an \n-00007ef0: 6974 656d 2064 6573 6372 6962 696e 6720 item describing \n-00007f00: 7468 6520 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 the Modified Ver\n-00007f10: 7369 6f6e 2061 7320 7374 6174 6564 2069 sion as stated i\n-00007f20: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n the. \n-00007f30: 7072 6576 696f 7573 2073 656e 7465 6e63 previous sentenc\n-00007f40: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 204a 2e20 5072 e... J. 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M. \n-00008340: 4465 6c65 7465 2061 6e79 2073 6563 7469 Delete any secti\n-00008350: 6f6e 2045 6e74 6974 6c65 6420 2245 6e64 on Entitled \"End\n-00008360: 6f72 7365 6d65 6e74 7322 2e20 2053 7563 orsements\". Suc\n-00008370: 6820 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 h a section. \n-00008380: 2020 2020 2020 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 may not be\n-00008390: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 included in the\n-000083a0: 204d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f Modified Versio\n-000083b0: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 204e 2e20 446f n... N. 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Otherwi\n-000096a0: 7365 2074 6865 7920 6d75 7374 2061 7070 se they must app\n-000096b0: 6561 7220 6f6e 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2063 ear on printed c\n-000096c0: 6f76 6572 7320 7468 6174 2062 7261 636b overs that brack\n-000096d0: 6574 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7768 6f6c et. the whol\n-000096e0: 6520 6167 6772 6567 6174 652e 0a0a 2020 e aggregate... \n-000096f0: 382e 2054 5241 4e53 4c41 5449 4f4e 0a0a 8. TRANSLATION..\n-00009700: 2020 2020 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e Translation\n-00009710: 2069 7320 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2061 is considered a\n-00009720: 206b 696e 6420 6f66 206d 6f64 6966 6963 kind of modific\n-00009730: 6174 696f 6e2c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d61 ation, so you ma\n-00009740: 790a 2020 2020 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 y. distribut\n-00009750: 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e73 206f e translations o\n-00009760: 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 f the Document u\n-00009770: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f nder the terms o\n-00009780: 6620 7365 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2034 f section. 4\n-00009790: 2e20 2052 6570 6c61 6369 6e67 2049 6e76 . Replacing Inv\n-000097a0: 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 ariant Sections \n-000097b0: 7769 7468 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e with translation\n-000097c0: 7320 7265 7175 6972 6573 2073 7065 6369 s requires speci\n-000097d0: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7065 726d 6973 7369 al. permissi\n-000097e0: 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6569 7220 636f on from their co\n-000097f0: 7079 7269 6768 7420 686f 6c64 6572 732c pyright holders,\n-00009800: 2062 7574 2079 6f75 206d 6179 2069 6e63 but you may inc\n-00009810: 6c75 6465 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c lude. transl\n-00009820: 6174 696f 6e73 206f 6620 736f 6d65 206f ations of some o\n-00009830: 7220 616c 6c20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 r all Invariant \n-00009840: 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 6164 6469 Sections in addi\n-00009850: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 tion to the. \n-00009860: 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 7665 7273 696f original versio\n-00009870: 6e73 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 496e 7661 ns of these Inva\n-00009880: 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 riant Sections. \n-00009890: 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 You may include\n-000098a0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 a. translat\n-000098b0: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 ion of this Lice\n-000098c0: 6e73 652c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 nse, and all the\n-000098d0: 206c 6963 656e 7365 206e 6f74 6963 6573 license notices\n-000098e0: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f63 in the. Doc\n-000098f0: 756d 656e 742c 2061 6e64 2061 6e79 2057 ument, and any W\n-00009900: 6172 7261 6e74 7920 4469 7363 6c61 696d arranty Disclaim\n-00009910: 6572 732c 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 7468 ers, provided th\n-00009920: 6174 2079 6f75 2061 6c73 6f0a 2020 2020 at you also. \n-00009930: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2074 6865 206f 7269 include the ori\n-00009940: 6769 6e61 6c20 456e 676c 6973 6820 7665 ginal English ve\n-00009950: 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 rsion of this Li\n-00009960: 6365 6e73 6520 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 cense and the. \n-00009970: 2020 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 7665 7273 original vers\n-00009980: 696f 6e73 206f 6620 7468 6f73 6520 6e6f ions of those no\n-00009990: 7469 6365 7320 616e 6420 6469 7363 6c61 tices and discla\n-000099a0: 696d 6572 732e 2020 496e 2063 6173 6520 imers. In case \n-000099b0: 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7361 6772 of a. disagr\n-000099c0: 6565 6d65 6e74 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 eement between t\n-000099d0: 6865 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2061 he translation a\n-000099e0: 6e64 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 nd the original \n-000099f0: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 version of. \n-00009a00: 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 206f 7220 this License or \n-00009a10: 6120 6e6f 7469 6365 206f 7220 6469 7363 a notice or disc\n-00009a20: 6c61 696d 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6f72 6967 laimer, the orig\n-00009a30: 696e 616c 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2077 696c inal version wil\n-00009a40: 6c0a 2020 2020 2070 7265 7661 696c 2e0a l. prevail..\n-00009a50: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 2073 6563 7469 . If a secti\n-00009a60: 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 on in the Docume\n-00009a70: 6e74 2069 7320 456e 7469 746c 6564 2022 nt is Entitled \"\n-00009a80: 4163 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 656d 656e 7473 Acknowledgements\n-00009a90: 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2244 6564 6963 6174 \",. \"Dedicat\n-00009aa0: 696f 6e73 222c 206f 7220 2248 6973 746f ions\", or \"Histo\n-00009ab0: 7279 222c 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 ry\", the require\n-00009ac0: 6d65 6e74 2028 7365 6374 696f 6e20 3429 ment (section 4)\n-00009ad0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2050 7265 7365 7276 to. Preserv\n-00009ae0: 6520 6974 7320 5469 746c 6520 2873 6563 e its Title (sec\n-00009af0: 7469 6f6e 2031 2920 7769 6c6c 2074 7970 tion 1) will typ\n-00009b00: 6963 616c 6c79 2072 6571 7569 7265 2063 ically require c\n-00009b10: 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 hanging the. \n-00009b20: 2061 6374 7561 6c20 7469 746c 652e 0a0a actual title...\n-00009b30: 2020 392e 2054 4552 4d49 4e41 5449 4f4e 9. 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Secondarily,\n+000051f0: 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 7072 this License pr\n+00005200: 6573 6572 7665 7320 666f 7220 7468 650a eserves for the.\n+00005210: 2020 2020 2061 7574 686f 7220 616e 6420 author and \n+00005220: 7075 626c 6973 6865 7220 6120 7761 7920 publisher a way \n+00005230: 746f 2067 6574 2063 7265 6469 7420 666f to get credit fo\n+00005240: 7220 7468 6569 7220 776f 726b 2c20 7768 r their work, wh\n+00005250: 696c 6520 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2062 6569 ile not. bei\n+00005260: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 7265 ng considered re\n+00005270: 7370 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f 7220 6d6f sponsible for mo\n+00005280: 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 6465 difications made\n+00005290: 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 by others... \n+000052a0: 2020 5468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 This License i\n+000052b0: 7320 6120 6b69 6e64 206f 6620 2263 6f70 s a kind of \"cop\n+000052c0: 796c 6566 7422 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d65 yleft\", which me\n+000052d0: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2064 6572 6976 6174 ans that derivat\n+000052e0: 6976 650a 2020 2020 2077 6f72 6b73 206f ive. works o\n+000052f0: 6620 7468 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 206d f the document m\n+00005300: 7573 7420 7468 656d 7365 6c76 6573 2062 ust themselves b\n+00005310: 6520 6672 6565 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 e free in the sa\n+00005320: 6d65 2073 656e 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 me sense.. I\n+00005330: 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 7320 7468 t complements th\n+00005340: 6520 474e 5520 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 5075 e GNU General Pu\n+00005350: 626c 6963 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 7768 blic License, wh\n+00005360: 6963 6820 6973 2061 2063 6f70 796c 6566 ich is a copylef\n+00005370: 740a 2020 2020 206c 6963 656e 7365 2064 t. license d\n+00005380: 6573 6967 6e65 6420 666f 7220 6672 6565 esigned for free\n+00005390: 2073 6f66 7477 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 software... \n+000053a0: 2057 6520 6861 7665 2064 6573 6967 6e65 We have designe\n+000053b0: 6420 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 d this License i\n+000053c0: 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2075 7365 2069 n order to use i\n+000053d0: 7420 666f 7220 6d61 6e75 616c 7320 666f t for manuals fo\n+000053e0: 720a 2020 2020 2066 7265 6520 736f 6674 r. free soft\n+000053f0: 7761 7265 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 6672 ware, because fr\n+00005400: 6565 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 6e65 6564 ee software need\n+00005410: 7320 6672 6565 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 s free documenta\n+00005420: 7469 6f6e 3a20 610a 2020 2020 2066 7265 tion: a. fre\n+00005430: 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 7368 6f75 6c64 e program should\n+00005440: 2063 6f6d 6520 7769 7468 206d 616e 7561 come with manua\n+00005450: 6c73 2070 726f 7669 6469 6e67 2074 6865 ls providing the\n+00005460: 2073 616d 6520 6672 6565 646f 6d73 0a20 same freedoms. \n+00005470: 2020 2020 7468 6174 2074 6865 2073 6f66 that the sof\n+00005480: 7477 6172 6520 646f 6573 2e20 2042 7574 tware does. But\n+00005490: 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6973 this License is\n+000054a0: 206e 6f74 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f0a not limited to.\n+000054b0: 2020 2020 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 6d61 software ma\n+000054c0: 6e75 616c 733b 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 nuals; it can be\n+000054d0: 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 616e 7920 7465 used for any te\n+000054e0: 7874 7561 6c20 776f 726b 2c20 7265 6761 xtual work, rega\n+000054f0: 7264 6c65 7373 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2073 rdless. of s\n+00005500: 7562 6a65 6374 206d 6174 7465 7220 6f72 ubject matter or\n+00005510: 2077 6865 7468 6572 2069 7420 6973 2070 whether it is p\n+00005520: 7562 6c69 7368 6564 2061 7320 6120 7072 ublished as a pr\n+00005530: 696e 7465 6420 626f 6f6b 2e20 2057 650a inted book. We.\n+00005540: 2020 2020 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 recommend t\n+00005550: 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 7072 696e his License prin\n+00005560: 6369 7061 6c6c 7920 666f 7220 776f 726b cipally for work\n+00005570: 7320 7768 6f73 6520 7075 7270 6f73 6520 s whose purpose \n+00005580: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 7275 6374 is. instruct\n+00005590: 696f 6e20 6f72 2072 6566 6572 656e 6365 ion or reference\n+000055a0: 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 4150 504c 4943 4142 ... 1. APPLICAB\n+000055b0: 494c 4954 5920 414e 4420 4445 4649 4e49 ILITY AND DEFINI\n+000055c0: 5449 4f4e 530a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 TIONS.. This\n+000055d0: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2061 7070 6c69 6573 License applies\n+000055e0: 2074 6f20 616e 7920 6d61 6e75 616c 206f to any manual o\n+000055f0: 7220 6f74 6865 7220 776f 726b 2c20 696e r other work, in\n+00005600: 2061 6e79 206d 6564 6975 6d2c 0a20 2020 any medium,. \n+00005610: 2020 7468 6174 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 that contains \n+00005620: 6120 6e6f 7469 6365 2070 6c61 6365 6420 a notice placed \n+00005630: 6279 2074 6865 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 by the copyright\n+00005640: 2068 6f6c 6465 7220 7361 7969 6e67 2069 holder saying i\n+00005650: 7420 6361 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6520 6469 t can. be di\n+00005660: 7374 7269 6275 7465 6420 756e 6465 7220 stributed under \n+00005670: 7468 6520 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2074 6869 the terms of thi\n+00005680: 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 652e 2020 5375 6368 s License. Such\n+00005690: 2061 206e 6f74 6963 650a 2020 2020 2067 a notice. g\n+000056a0: 7261 6e74 7320 6120 776f 726c 642d 7769 rants a world-wi\n+000056b0: 6465 2c20 726f 7961 6c74 792d 6672 6565 de, royalty-free\n+000056c0: 206c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 756e 6c69 6d69 license, unlimi\n+000056d0: 7465 6420 696e 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e2c ted in duration,\n+000056e0: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2075 7365 2074 6861 . to use tha\n+000056f0: 7420 776f 726b 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 t work under the\n+00005700: 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 6174 conditions stat\n+00005710: 6564 2068 6572 6569 6e2e 2020 5468 650a ed herein. The.\n+00005720: 2020 2020 2022 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 222c \"Document\",\n+00005730: 2062 656c 6f77 2c20 7265 6665 7273 2074 below, refers t\n+00005740: 6f20 616e 7920 7375 6368 206d 616e 7561 o any such manua\n+00005750: 6c20 6f72 2077 6f72 6b2e 2020 416e 7920 l or work. Any \n+00005760: 6d65 6d62 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 member. of t\n+00005770: 6865 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6973 2061 206c he public is a l\n+00005780: 6963 656e 7365 652c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 icensee, and is \n+00005790: 6164 6472 6573 7365 6420 6173 2022 796f addressed as \"yo\n+000057a0: 7522 2e20 2059 6f75 2061 6363 6570 740a u\". You accept.\n+000057b0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 6963 656e 7365 the license\n+000057c0: 2069 6620 796f 7520 636f 7079 2c20 6d6f if you copy, mo\n+000057d0: 6469 6679 206f 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 dify or distribu\n+000057e0: 7465 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6b20 696e 2061 te the work in a\n+000057f0: 2077 6179 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7175 6972 way. requir\n+00005800: 696e 6720 7065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2075 ing permission u\n+00005810: 6e64 6572 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 206c nder copyright l\n+00005820: 6177 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4120 224d 6f64 aw... A \"Mod\n+00005830: 6966 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e22 206f ified Version\" o\n+00005840: 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 206d f the Document m\n+00005850: 6561 6e73 2061 6e79 2077 6f72 6b20 636f eans any work co\n+00005860: 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ntaining the. \n+00005870: 2020 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 206f 7220 6120 Document or a \n+00005880: 706f 7274 696f 6e20 6f66 2069 742c 2065 portion of it, e\n+00005890: 6974 6865 7220 636f 7069 6564 2076 6572 ither copied ver\n+000058a0: 6261 7469 6d2c 206f 7220 7769 7468 0a20 batim, or with. \n+000058b0: 2020 2020 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e modification\n+000058c0: 7320 616e 642f 6f72 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 s and/or transla\n+000058d0: 7465 6420 696e 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 ted into another\n+000058e0: 206c 616e 6775 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 language... \n+000058f0: 2041 2022 5365 636f 6e64 6172 7920 5365 A \"Secondary Se\n+00005900: 6374 696f 6e22 2069 7320 6120 6e61 6d65 ction\" is a name\n+00005910: 6420 6170 7065 6e64 6978 206f 7220 6120 d appendix or a \n+00005920: 6672 6f6e 742d 6d61 7474 6572 2073 6563 front-matter sec\n+00005930: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 6865 tion. of the\n+00005940: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 7468 6174 2064 Document that d\n+00005950: 6561 6c73 2065 7863 6c75 7369 7665 6c79 eals exclusively\n+00005960: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7265 6c61 7469 with the relati\n+00005970: 6f6e 7368 6970 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 onship of the. \n+00005980: 2020 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6572 7320 6f72 publishers or\n+00005990: 2061 7574 686f 7273 206f 6620 7468 6520 authors of the \n+000059a0: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 Document to the \n+000059b0: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2773 206f 7665 7261 Document's overa\n+000059c0: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 7375 626a 6563 7420 ll. subject \n+000059d0: 286f 7220 746f 2072 656c 6174 6564 206d (or to related m\n+000059e0: 6174 7465 7273 2920 616e 6420 636f 6e74 atters) and cont\n+000059f0: 6169 6e73 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2074 6861 ains nothing tha\n+00005a00: 7420 636f 756c 640a 2020 2020 2066 616c t could. fal\n+00005a10: 6c20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2077 6974 6869 l directly withi\n+00005a20: 6e20 7468 6174 206f 7665 7261 6c6c 2073 n that overall s\n+00005a30: 7562 6a65 6374 2e20 2028 5468 7573 2c20 ubject. (Thus, \n+00005a40: 6966 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 740a if the Document.\n+00005a50: 2020 2020 2069 7320 696e 2070 6172 7420 is in part \n+00005a60: 6120 7465 7874 626f 6f6b 206f 6620 6d61 a textbook of ma\n+00005a70: 7468 656d 6174 6963 732c 2061 2053 6563 thematics, a Sec\n+00005a80: 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 206d ondary Section m\n+00005a90: 6179 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c ay not. expl\n+00005aa0: 6169 6e20 616e 7920 6d61 7468 656d 6174 ain any mathemat\n+00005ab0: 6963 732e 2920 2054 6865 2072 656c 6174 ics.) The relat\n+00005ac0: 696f 6e73 6869 7020 636f 756c 6420 6265 ionship could be\n+00005ad0: 2061 206d 6174 7465 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 a matter of. \n+00005ae0: 2020 6869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 2063 6f6e historical con\n+00005af0: 6e65 6374 696f 6e20 7769 7468 2074 6865 nection with the\n+00005b00: 2073 7562 6a65 6374 206f 7220 7769 7468 subject or with\n+00005b10: 2072 656c 6174 6564 206d 6174 7465 7273 related matters\n+00005b20: 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 206c 6567 , or. of leg\n+00005b30: 616c 2c20 636f 6d6d 6572 6369 616c 2c20 al, commercial, \n+00005b40: 7068 696c 6f73 6f70 6869 6361 6c2c 2065 philosophical, e\n+00005b50: 7468 6963 616c 206f 7220 706f 6c69 7469 thical or politi\n+00005b60: 6361 6c20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 cal position. \n+00005b70: 2020 7265 6761 7264 696e 6720 7468 656d regarding them\n+00005b80: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 2249 6e76 ... The \"Inv\n+00005b90: 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7322 ariant Sections\"\n+00005ba0: 2061 7265 2063 6572 7461 696e 2053 6563 are certain Sec\n+00005bb0: 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 ondary Sections \n+00005bc0: 7768 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 whose. title\n+00005bd0: 7320 6172 6520 6465 7369 676e 6174 6564 s are designated\n+00005be0: 2c20 6173 2062 6569 6e67 2074 686f 7365 , as being those\n+00005bf0: 206f 6620 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 of Invariant Se\n+00005c00: 6374 696f 6e73 2c20 696e 2074 6865 0a20 ctions, in the. \n+00005c10: 2020 2020 6e6f 7469 6365 2074 6861 7420 notice that \n+00005c20: 7361 7973 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 446f says that the Do\n+00005c30: 6375 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 7265 6c65 6173 cument is releas\n+00005c40: 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6869 7320 4c69 ed under this Li\n+00005c50: 6365 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 cense.. If a\n+00005c60: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f section does no\n+00005c70: 7420 6669 7420 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 t fit the above \n+00005c80: 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 5365 definition of Se\n+00005c90: 636f 6e64 6172 7920 7468 656e 2069 740a condary then it.\n+00005ca0: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f is not allo\n+00005cb0: 7765 6420 746f 2062 6520 6465 7369 676e wed to be design\n+00005cc0: 6174 6564 2061 7320 496e 7661 7269 616e ated as Invarian\n+00005cd0: 742e 2020 5468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 t. The Document\n+00005ce0: 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 may. contai\n+00005cf0: 6e20 7a65 726f 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 n zero Invariant\n+00005d00: 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4966 2074 Sections. If t\n+00005d10: 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 646f 6573 he Document does\n+00005d20: 206e 6f74 2069 6465 6e74 6966 790a 2020 not identify. \n+00005d30: 2020 2061 6e79 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 any Invariant\n+00005d40: 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 7468 656e 2074 Sections then t\n+00005d50: 6865 7265 2061 7265 206e 6f6e 652e 0a0a here are none...\n+00005d60: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2022 436f 7665 7220 The \"Cover \n+00005d70: 5465 7874 7322 2061 7265 2063 6572 7461 Texts\" are certa\n+00005d80: 696e 2073 686f 7274 2070 6173 7361 6765 in short passage\n+00005d90: 7320 6f66 2074 6578 7420 7468 6174 2061 s of text that a\n+00005da0: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 6564 2c20 re. listed, \n+00005db0: 6173 2046 726f 6e74 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 as Front-Cover T\n+00005dc0: 6578 7473 206f 7220 4261 636b 2d43 6f76 exts or Back-Cov\n+00005dd0: 6572 2054 6578 7473 2c20 696e 2074 6865 er Texts, in the\n+00005de0: 206e 6f74 6963 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 notice. tha\n+00005df0: 7420 7361 7973 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 t says that the \n+00005e00: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 7265 6c65 Document is rele\n+00005e10: 6173 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6869 7320 ased under this \n+00005e20: 4c69 6365 6e73 652e 2020 410a 2020 2020 License. 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The \"Title\n+000064b0: 2050 6167 6522 206d 6561 6e73 2c20 666f Page\" means, fo\n+000064c0: 7220 6120 7072 696e 7465 6420 626f 6f6b r a printed book\n+000064d0: 2c20 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 7061 6765 , the title page\n+000064e0: 2069 7473 656c 662c 0a20 2020 2020 706c itself,. pl\n+000064f0: 7573 2073 7563 6820 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e us such followin\n+00006500: 6720 7061 6765 7320 6173 2061 7265 206e g pages as are n\n+00006510: 6565 6465 6420 746f 2068 6f6c 642c 206c eeded to hold, l\n+00006520: 6567 6962 6c79 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 egibly, the. \n+00006530: 206d 6174 6572 6961 6c20 7468 6973 204c material this L\n+00006540: 6963 656e 7365 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 icense requires \n+00006550: 746f 2061 7070 6561 7220 696e 2074 6865 to appear in the\n+00006560: 2074 6974 6c65 2070 6167 652e 2020 466f title page. Fo\n+00006570: 720a 2020 2020 2077 6f72 6b73 2069 6e20 r. works in \n+00006580: 666f 726d 6174 7320 7768 6963 6820 646f formats which do\n+00006590: 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 616e 7920 7469 not have any ti\n+000065a0: 746c 6520 7061 6765 2061 7320 7375 6368 tle page as such\n+000065b0: 2c20 2254 6974 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5061 , \"Title. Pa\n+000065c0: 6765 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7465 ge\" means the te\n+000065d0: 7874 206e 6561 7220 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 xt near the most\n+000065e0: 2070 726f 6d69 6e65 6e74 2061 7070 6561 prominent appea\n+000065f0: 7261 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 rance of the. \n+00006600: 2020 776f 726b 2773 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 work's title, \n+00006610: 7072 6563 6564 696e 6720 7468 6520 6265 preceding the be\n+00006620: 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2062 ginning of the b\n+00006630: 6f64 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 742e ody of the text.\n+00006640: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 2073 6563 7469 6f6e .. A section\n+00006650: 2022 456e 7469 746c 6564 2058 595a 2220 \"Entitled XYZ\" \n+00006660: 6d65 616e 7320 6120 6e61 6d65 6420 7375 means a named su\n+00006670: 6275 6e69 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 bunit of the Doc\n+00006680: 756d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2077 686f 7365 ument. whose\n+00006690: 2074 6974 6c65 2065 6974 6865 7220 6973 title either is\n+000066a0: 2070 7265 6369 7365 6c79 2058 595a 206f precisely XYZ o\n+000066b0: 7220 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2058 595a 2069 r contains XYZ i\n+000066c0: 6e20 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 730a 2020 n parentheses. \n+000066d0: 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6578 following tex\n+000066e0: 7420 7468 6174 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 t that translate\n+000066f0: 7320 5859 5a20 696e 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 s XYZ in another\n+00006700: 206c 616e 6775 6167 652e 2020 2848 6572 language. 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Preserve the s\n+00007d50: 6563 7469 6f6e 2045 6e74 6974 6c65 6420 ection Entitled \n+00007d60: 2248 6973 746f 7279 222c 2050 7265 7365 \"History\", Prese\n+00007d70: 7276 6520 6974 7320 5469 746c 652c 0a20 rve its Title,. \n+00007d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2061 6464 and add\n+00007d90: 2074 6f20 6974 2061 6e20 6974 656d 2073 to it an item s\n+00007da0: 7461 7469 6e67 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 tating at least \n+00007db0: 7468 6520 7469 746c 652c 2079 6561 722c the title, year,\n+00007dc0: 206e 6577 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 new. a\n+00007dd0: 7574 686f 7273 2c20 616e 6420 7075 626c uthors, and publ\n+00007de0: 6973 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6865 204d 6f64 isher of the Mod\n+00007df0: 6966 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e20 6173 ified Version as\n+00007e00: 2067 6976 656e 206f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 given on the. \n+00007e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5469 746c 6520 5061 Title Pa\n+00007e20: 6765 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 ge. 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You\n+00008080: 206d 6179 206f 6d69 7420 6120 6e65 7477 may omit a netw\n+00008090: 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 ork location for\n+000080a0: 2061 2077 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 a work. \n+000080b0: 2020 7468 6174 2077 6173 2070 7562 6c69 that was publi\n+000080c0: 7368 6564 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 666f shed at least fo\n+000080d0: 7572 2079 6561 7273 2062 6566 6f72 6520 ur years before \n+000080e0: 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 the Document. \n+000080f0: 2020 2020 2020 2069 7473 656c 662c 206f itself, o\n+00008100: 7220 6966 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 r if the origina\n+00008110: 6c20 7075 626c 6973 6865 7220 6f66 2074 l publisher of t\n+00008120: 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 7420 7265 he version it re\n+00008130: 6665 7273 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 fers. t\n+00008140: 6f20 6769 7665 7320 7065 726d 6973 7369 o gives permissi\n+00008150: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4b2e 2046 on... K. 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If \n+00008480: 7468 6520 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 the Modified Ver\n+00008490: 7369 6f6e 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 7320 6e65 sion includes ne\n+000084a0: 7720 6672 6f6e 742d 6d61 7474 6572 2073 w front-matter s\n+000084b0: 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 ections or. \n+000084c0: 6170 7065 6e64 6963 6573 2074 6861 7420 appendices that \n+000084d0: 7175 616c 6966 7920 6173 2053 6563 6f6e qualify as Secon\n+000084e0: 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 616e dary Sections an\n+000084f0: 6420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 6e6f 0a20 2020 d contain no. \n+00008500: 2020 6d61 7465 7269 616c 2063 6f70 6965 material copie\n+00008510: 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d d from the Docum\n+00008520: 656e 742c 2079 6f75 206d 6179 2061 7420 ent, you may at \n+00008530: 796f 7572 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6465 7369 your option desi\n+00008540: 676e 6174 650a 2020 2020 2073 6f6d 6520 gnate. some \n+00008550: 6f72 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 or all of these \n+00008560: 7365 6374 696f 6e73 2061 7320 696e 7661 sections as inva\n+00008570: 7269 616e 742e 2020 546f 2064 6f20 7468 riant. 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(li\n+0000ac20: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6375 746d 656d 3a20 ne 6).* cutmem: \n 0000ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6375 cu\n-0000ac50: 746d 656d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tmem. \n-0000ac60: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000ac70: 6461 7465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 date: \n+0000ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n+0000ac50: 7574 6d65 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 utmem. \n+0000ac60: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000ac70: 2064 6174 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 date: \n 0000ac80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac90: 2020 2020 2020 2064 6174 652e 2020 2020 date. \n-0000aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000acb0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2064 6576 6963 6574 ine 6).* devicet\n-0000acc0: 7265 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ree: \n+0000ac90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6461 7465 2e20 2020 date. \n+0000aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000acb0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6465 7669 6365 line 6).* device\n+0000acc0: 7472 6565 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tree: \n 0000acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ace0: 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2e20 2020 2020 devicetree. \n-0000acf0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000ad00: 2a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a20 2020 2020 * distrust: \n+0000ace0: 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652e 2020 2020 devicetree. \n+0000acf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000ad00: 0a2a 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 2020 2020 .* distrust: \n 0000ad10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6973 7472 7573 distrus\n-0000ad30: 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t. \n-0000ad40: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2064 7269 7665 (line 6).* drive\n-0000ad50: 6d61 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 map: \n+0000ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6469 7374 7275 distru\n+0000ad30: 7374 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 st. \n+0000ad40: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6472 6976 (line 6).* driv\n+0000ad50: 656d 6170 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 emap: \n 0000ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ad70: 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 2e20 2020 2020 drivemap. \n-0000ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000ad90: 290a 2a20 6563 686f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ).* echo: \n+0000ad70: 2020 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702e 2020 2020 drivemap. \n+0000ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000ad90: 3629 0a2a 2065 6368 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 6).* echo: \n 0000ada0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000adb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6368 6f2e echo.\n-0000adc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000add0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 6669 (line 6).* efi\n-0000ade0: 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 textmode: \n+0000adb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f echo\n+0000adc0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000add0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6566 (line 6).* ef\n+0000ade0: 6974 6578 746d 6f64 653a 2020 2020 2020 itextmode: \n 0000adf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae00: 2020 2020 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 652e efitextmode.\n-0000ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000ae20: 2036 290a 2a20 6576 616c 3a20 2020 2020 6).* eval: \n+0000ae00: 2020 2020 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 efitextmode\n+0000ae10: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e . (lin\n+0000ae20: 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 7661 6c3a 2020 2020 e 6).* eval: \n 0000ae30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 7661 eva\n-0000ae50: 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n-0000ae60: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 (line 6).* e\n-0000ae70: 7870 6f72 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xport: \n+0000ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6576 ev\n+0000ae50: 616c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 al. \n+0000ae60: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000ae70: 6578 706f 7274 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 export: \n 0000ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae90: 2020 2020 2020 6578 706f 7274 2e20 2020 export. \n-0000aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000aeb0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6661 6c73 653a 2020 ne 6).* false: \n+0000ae90: 2020 2020 2020 2065 7870 6f72 742e 2020 export. \n+0000aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000aeb0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2066 616c 7365 3a20 ine 6).* false: \n 0000aec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 f\n-0000aee0: 616c 7365 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 alse. \n-0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000af00: 2046 444c 2c20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 FDL, GNU Free D\n-0000af10: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n-0000af20: 656e 7365 3a20 2020 474e 5520 4672 6565 ense: GNU Free\n-0000af30: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c Documentation L\n-0000af40: 6963 656e 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 icense.. \n+0000aed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000aee0: 6661 6c73 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 false. \n+0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000af00: 2a20 4644 4c2c 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 * FDL, GNU Free \n+0000af10: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 Documentation Li\n+0000af20: 6365 6e73 653a 2020 2047 4e55 2046 7265 cense: GNU Fre\n+0000af30: 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 e Documentation \n+0000af40: 4c69 6365 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 License.. \n 0000af50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000af60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000af70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000af80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000af90: 0a2a 2066 7773 6574 7570 3a20 2020 2020 .* fwsetup: \n+0000af80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000af90: 290a 2a20 6677 7365 7475 703a 2020 2020 ).* fwsetup: \n 0000afa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000afb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6677 7365 7475 fwsetu\n-0000afc0: 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p. \n-0000afd0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6764 6269 (line 6).* gdbi\n-0000afe0: 6e66 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nfo: \n+0000afb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 7773 6574 fwset\n+0000afc0: 7570 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up. \n+0000afd0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2067 6462 (line 6).* gdb\n+0000afe0: 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ptsync: \n 0000b080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b090: 2020 2020 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2e20 2020 gptsync. \n-0000b0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000b0b0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2068 616c 743a 2020 2020 e 6).* halt: \n+0000b090: 2020 2020 2020 6770 7473 796e 632e 2020 gptsync. \n+0000b0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000b0b0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6861 6c74 3a20 2020 ne 6).* halt: \n 0000b0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6861 ha\n-0000b0e0: 6c74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lt. \n-0000b0f0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000b100: 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 hashsum: \n+0000b0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 h\n+0000b0e0: 616c 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 alt. \n+0000b0f0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000b100: 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 hashsum: \n 0000b110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 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\n-0000b260: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2069 6e73 (line 6).* ins\n-0000b270: 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mod: \n+0000b240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 init\n+0000b250: 7264 3136 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rd16. \n+0000b260: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 696e (line 6).* in\n+0000b270: 736d 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 smod: \n 0000b280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b290: 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2e20 2020 2020 insmod. \n-0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000b2b0: 2036 290a 2a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 733a 6).* keystatus:\n-0000b2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6579 key\n-0000b2e0: 7374 6174 7573 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 status. \n-0000b2f0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c (line 6).* l\n-0000b300: 696e 7578 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 inux: \n+0000b290: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 642e 2020 2020 insmod. \n+0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 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(\n-0000b3d0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c69 7374 5f74 line 6).* list_t\n-0000b3e0: 7275 7374 6564 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rusted: \n+0000b3b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6973 745f 656e list_en\n+0000b3c0: 762e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 v. \n+0000b3d0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 6973 745f (line 6).* list_\n+0000b3e0: 7472 7573 7465 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 trusted: \n 0000b3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b400: 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 642e 2020 list_trusted. \n-0000b410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000b420: 0a2a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 763a 2020 2020 .* load_env: \n+0000b400: 2020 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2e20 list_trusted. \n+0000b410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000b420: 290a 2a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a20 2020 ).* load_env: \n 0000b430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 5f65 load_e\n-0000b450: 6e76 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nv. \n-0000b460: 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2020 2020 2020 2020 lsmod: \n+0000b560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c l\n+0000b570: 7366 6f6e 7473 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 sfonts. \n+0000b580: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000b590: 206c 736d 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lsmod: \n 0000b5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b5b0: 2020 2020 2020 206c 736d 6f64 2e20 2020 lsmod. \n-0000b5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000b5d0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206d 6435 7375 6d3a ine 6).* md5sum:\n-0000b5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c73 6d6f 642e 2020 lsmod. \n+0000b5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000b5d0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6d64 3573 756d line 6).* md5sum\n+0000b5e0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000b5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b600: 6d64 3573 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 md5sum. \n-0000b610: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000b620: 2a20 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 793a 2020 2020 * menuentry: \n+0000b600: 206d 6435 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 md5sum. \n+0000b610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000b620: 0a2a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a20 2020 .* menuentry: \n 0000b630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 menuent\n-0000b650: 7279 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ry. \n-0000b660: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206d 6f64 756c (line 6).* modul\n-0000b670: 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e: \n+0000b640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e menuen\n+0000b650: 7472 792e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 try. \n+0000b660: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6d6f 6475 (line 6).* modu\n+0000b670: 6c65 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le: \n 0000b680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b690: 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2020 2020 2020 module. \n-0000b6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000b6b0: 290a 2a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 743a 2020 ).* multiboot: \n+0000b690: 2020 206d 6f64 756c 652e 2020 2020 2020 module. \n+0000b6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000b6b0: 3629 0a2a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3a20 6).* multiboot: \n 0000b6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 756c 7469 multi\n-0000b6e0: 626f 6f74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot. \n-0000b6f0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6174 (line 6).* nat\n-0000b700: 6976 6564 6973 6b3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ivedisk: \n+0000b6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d75 6c74 mult\n+0000b6e0: 6962 6f6f 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iboot. \n+0000b6f0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e61 (line 6).* na\n+0000b700: 7469 7665 6469 736b 3a20 2020 2020 2020 tivedisk: \n 0000b710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b720: 2020 2020 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2e20 nativedisk. \n-0000b730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000b740: 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6).* net_add_ad\n-0000b750: 6472 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dr: \n-0000b760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 net\n-0000b770: 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 722e 2020 2020 2020 _add_addr. \n-0000b780: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e (line 6).* n\n-0000b790: 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 2020 et_add_dns: \n+0000b720: 2020 2020 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2e nativedisk.\n+0000b730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000b740: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 e 6).* net_add_a\n+0000b750: 6464 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ddr: \n+0000b760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n+0000b770: 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 2e20 2020 2020 t_add_addr. \n+0000b780: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000b790: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 733a 2020 2020 net_add_dns: \n 0000b7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b7b0: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e net_add_dn\n-0000b7c0: 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 s. (li\n-0000b7d0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f ne 6).* net_add_\n-0000b7e0: 726f 7574 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 route: \n-0000b7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-0000b800: 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2e20 2020 et_add_route. \n-0000b810: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000b820: 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 3a20 2020 2020 net_bootp: \n+0000b7b0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 net_add_d\n+0000b7c0: 6e73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c ns. (l\n+0000b7d0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 ine 6).* net_add\n+0000b7e0: 5f72 6f75 7465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _route: \n+0000b7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b800: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 652e 2020 net_add_route. \n+0000b810: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000b820: 2a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 703a 2020 2020 * net_bootp: \n 0000b830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 net_boot\n-0000b850: 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 p. (\n-0000b860: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 line 6).* net_de\n-0000b870: 6c5f 6164 6472 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 l_addr: \n+0000b840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f net_boo\n+0000b850: 7470 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tp. \n+0000b860: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 (line 6).* net_d\n+0000b870: 656c 5f61 6464 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 el_addr: \n 0000b880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b890: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722e 2020 net_del_addr. \n-0000b8a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000b8b0: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 3a20 .* net_del_dns: \n+0000b890: 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2e20 net_del_addr. \n+0000b8a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000b8b0: 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 733a ).* net_del_dns:\n 0000b8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6465 net_de\n-0000b8e0: 6c5f 646e 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l_dns. \n-0000b8f0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f (line 6).* net_\n-0000b900: 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 653a 2020 2020 2020 del_route: \n+0000b8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f64 net_d\n+0000b8e0: 656c 5f64 6e73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 el_dns. \n+0000b8f0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 (line 6).* net\n+0000b900: 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 3a20 2020 2020 _del_route: \n 0000b910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b920: 2020 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 net_del_route\n-0000b930: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 . (line \n-0000b940: 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a 2020 6).* net_dhcp: \n+0000b920: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 net_del_rout\n+0000b930: 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 e. (line\n+0000b940: 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a20 6).* net_dhcp: \n 0000b950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f net_\n-0000b970: 6468 6370 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dhcp. \n-0000b980: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 (line 6).* ne\n-0000b990: 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f t_get_dhcp_optio\n-0000b9a0: 6e3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n: \n-0000b9b0: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 net_get_dhc\n-0000b9c0: 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2020 286c 696e p_option. (lin\n-0000b9d0: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f e 6).* net_ipv6_\n-0000b9e0: 6175 746f 636f 6e66 3a20 2020 2020 2020 autoconf: \n-0000b9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n-0000ba00: 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662e t_ipv6_autoconf.\n-0000ba10: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000ba20: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 723a 2020 2020 net_ls_addr: \n+0000b960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 net\n+0000b970: 5f64 6863 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _dhcp. \n+0000b980: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e (line 6).* n\n+0000b990: 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 et_get_dhcp_opti\n+0000b9a0: 6f6e 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 on: \n+0000b9b0: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 net_get_dh\n+0000b9c0: 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 2028 6c69 cp_option. (li\n+0000b9d0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 ne 6).* net_ipv6\n+0000b9e0: 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 663a 2020 2020 2020 _autoconf: \n+0000b9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+0000ba00: 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 et_ipv6_autoconf\n+0000ba10: 2e20 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a . (line 6).*\n+0000ba20: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 3a20 2020 net_ls_addr: \n 0000ba30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ba40: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 net_ls_ad\n-0000ba50: 6472 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c dr. (l\n-0000ba60: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f ine 6).* net_ls_\n-0000ba70: 6361 7264 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cards: \n+0000ba40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 net_ls_a\n+0000ba50: 6464 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 ddr. (\n+0000ba60: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 line 6).* net_ls\n+0000ba70: 5f63 6172 6473 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _cards: \n 0000ba80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ba90: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2e20 2020 net_ls_cards. \n-0000baa0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000bab0: 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 * net_ls_dns: \n+0000ba90: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732e 2020 net_ls_cards. \n+0000baa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000bab0: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 733a 2020 .* net_ls_dns: \n 0000bac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6c 735f net_ls_\n-0000bae0: 646e 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dns. \n-0000baf0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c (line 6).* net_l\n-0000bb00: 735f 726f 7574 6573 3a20 2020 2020 2020 s_routes: \n+0000bad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6c73 net_ls\n+0000bae0: 5f64 6e73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _dns. \n+0000baf0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f (line 6).* net_\n+0000bb00: 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 733a 2020 2020 2020 ls_routes: \n 0000bb10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bb20: 2020 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732e net_ls_routes.\n-0000bb30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000bb40: 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 ).* net_nslookup\n-0000bb50: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0000bb60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6e net_n\n-0000bb70: 736c 6f6f 6b75 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 slookup. \n-0000bb80: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 (line 6).* net\n-0000bb90: 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e3a 2020 2020 2020 _set_vlan: \n+0000bb20: 2020 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 net_ls_routes\n+0000bb30: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 . (line \n+0000bb40: 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 6).* net_nslooku\n+0000bb50: 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p: \n+0000bb60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f net_\n+0000bb70: 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e20 2020 2020 2020 nslookup. \n+0000bb80: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 (line 6).* ne\n+0000bb90: 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 3a20 2020 2020 t_set_vlan: \n 0000bba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bbb0: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e net_set_vlan\n-0000bbc0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 . (line\n-0000bbd0: 2036 290a 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 3a20 2020 6).* normal: \n+0000bbb0: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 net_set_vla\n+0000bbc0: 6e2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e n. (lin\n+0000bbd0: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 2020 e 6).* normal: \n 0000bbe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f72 nor\n-0000bc00: 6d61 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mal. \n-0000bc10: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e (line 6).* n\n-0000bc20: 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 3a20 2020 2020 ormal_exit: \n+0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+0000bc00: 726d 616c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rmal. \n+0000bc10: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000bc20: 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 743a 2020 2020 normal_exit: \n 0000bc30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bc40: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 normal_exi\n-0000bc50: 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 t. (li\n-0000bc60: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c ne 6).* parttool\n-0000bc70: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0000bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n-0000bc90: 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 arttool. \n-0000bca0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000bcb0: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a 2020 2020 2020 password: \n+0000bc40: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 normal_ex\n+0000bc50: 6974 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c it. (l\n+0000bc60: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f ine 6).* parttoo\n+0000bc70: 6c3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l: \n+0000bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bc90: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 parttool. \n+0000bca0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000bcb0: 2a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a20 2020 2020 * password: \n 0000bcc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bcd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 password\n-0000bce0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 . (\n-0000bcf0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7061 7373 776f line 6).* passwo\n-0000bd00: 7264 5f70 626b 6466 323a 2020 2020 2020 rd_pbkdf2: \n+0000bcd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 passwor\n+0000bce0: 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n+0000bcf0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 (line 6).* passw\n+0000bd00: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 3a20 2020 2020 ord_pbkdf2: \n 0000bd10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bd20: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 password_pbkdf2\n-0000bd30: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 . (line 6)\n-0000bd40: 0a2a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 2020 .* plainmount: \n+0000bd20: 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 password_pbkdf\n+0000bd30: 322e 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 2. (line 6\n+0000bd40: 290a 2a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 ).* plainmount: \n 0000bd50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bd60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d plainm\n-0000bd70: 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ount. \n-0000bd80: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 706c 6179 (line 6).* play\n-0000bd90: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000bd60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e plain\n+0000bd70: 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mount. \n+0000bd80: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6c61 (line 6).* pla\n+0000bd90: 793a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y: \n 0000bda0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bdb0: 2020 2070 6c61 792e 2020 2020 2020 2020 play. \n-0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000bdd0: 3629 0a2a 2070 726f 6265 3a20 2020 2020 6).* probe: \n+0000bdb0: 2020 2020 706c 6179 2e20 2020 2020 2020 play. \n+0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000bdd0: 2036 290a 2a20 7072 6f62 653a 2020 2020 6).* probe: \n 0000bde0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f62 prob\n-0000be00: 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-0000be10: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7264 (line 6).* rd\n-0000be20: 6d73 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 msr: \n+0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f pro\n+0000be00: 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 be. \n+0000be10: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 (line 6).* r\n+0000be20: 646d 7372 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dmsr: \n 0000be30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be40: 2020 2020 2072 646d 7372 2e20 2020 2020 rdmsr. \n-0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000be60: 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 6561 643a 2020 2020 e 6).* read: \n+0000be40: 2020 2020 2020 7264 6d73 722e 2020 2020 rdmsr. \n+0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000be60: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7265 6164 3a20 2020 ne 6).* read: \n 0000be70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 re\n-0000be90: 6164 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ad. \n-0000bea0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000beb0: 7265 626f 6f74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 reboot: \n+0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 r\n+0000be90: 6561 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ead. \n+0000bea0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000beb0: 2072 6562 6f6f 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 reboot: \n 0000bec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bed0: 2020 2020 2020 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 2020 reboot. \n-0000bee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000bef0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 703a ine 6).* regexp:\n-0000bf00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 626f 6f74 2e20 reboot. \n+0000bee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000bef0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7265 6765 7870 line 6).* regexp\n+0000bf00: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000bf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf20: 7265 6765 7870 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 regexp. \n-0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000bf40: 2a20 726d 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * rmmod: \n+0000bf20: 2072 6567 6578 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 regexp. \n+0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000bf40: 0a2a 2072 6d6d 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* rmmod: \n 0000bf50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6d6d 6f64 2e20 rmmod. \n+0000bf60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 726d 6d6f 642e rmmod.\n 0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf80: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6176 655f (line 6).* save_\n-0000bf90: 656e 763a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 env: \n+0000bf80: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7361 7665 (line 6).* save\n+0000bf90: 5f65 6e76 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _env: \n 0000bfa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bfb0: 2020 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2e20 2020 2020 save_env. \n-0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000bfd0: 290a 2a20 7365 6172 6368 3a20 2020 2020 ).* search: \n+0000bfb0: 2020 2073 6176 655f 656e 762e 2020 2020 save_env. \n+0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000bfd0: 3629 0a2a 2073 6561 7263 683a 2020 2020 6).* search: \n 0000bfe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 searc\n-0000c000: 682e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h. \n-0000c010: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 656e (line 6).* sen\n-0000c020: 646b 6579 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dkey: \n+0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 sear\n+0000c000: 6368 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ch. \n+0000c010: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7365 (line 6).* se\n+0000c020: 6e64 6b65 793a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ndkey: \n 0000c030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c040: 2020 2020 7365 6e64 6b65 792e 2020 2020 sendkey. \n-0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000c060: 2036 290a 2a20 7365 7269 616c 3a20 2020 6).* serial: \n+0000c040: 2020 2020 2073 656e 646b 6579 2e20 2020 sendkey. \n+0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000c060: 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 2020 e 6).* serial: \n 0000c070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 ser\n-0000c090: 6961 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ial. \n-0000c0a0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 (line 6).* s\n-0000c0b0: 6574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 et: \n+0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n+0000c090: 7269 616c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rial. \n+0000c0a0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000c0b0: 7365 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set: \n 0000c0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c0d0: 2020 2020 2020 7365 742e 2020 2020 2020 set. \n-0000c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000c0f0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 6d3a ne 6).* sha1sum:\n-0000c100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-0000c120: 6861 3173 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ha1sum. \n-0000c130: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000c140: 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 3a20 2020 2020 sha256sum: \n+0000c0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6574 2e20 2020 2020 set. \n+0000c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000c0f0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 3173 756d ine 6).* sha1sum\n+0000c100: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000c110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c120: 7368 6131 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 sha1sum. \n+0000c130: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000c140: 2a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 * sha256sum: \n 0000c150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7368 6132 3536 7375 sha256su\n-0000c170: 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 m. (\n-0000c180: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6135 3132 line 6).* sha512\n-0000c190: 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sum: \n+0000c160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6861 3235 3673 sha256s\n+0000c170: 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um. \n+0000c180: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 3531 (line 6).* sha51\n+0000c190: 3273 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2sum: \n 0000c1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c1b0: 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2e20 2020 2020 sha512sum. \n-0000c1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000c1d0: 0a2a 2073 6c65 6570 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* sleep: \n+0000c1b0: 2020 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 sha512sum. \n+0000c1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000c1d0: 290a 2a20 736c 6565 703a 2020 2020 2020 ).* sleep: \n 0000c1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736c 6565 702e sleep.\n-0000c200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c210: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 736d 6269 (line 6).* smbi\n-0000c220: 6f73 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 os: \n+0000c1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6c65 6570 sleep\n+0000c200: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000c210: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6d62 (line 6).* smb\n+0000c220: 696f 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ios: \n 0000c230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c240: 2020 2073 6d62 696f 732e 2020 2020 2020 smbios. \n-0000c250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000c260: 3629 0a2a 2073 6f75 7263 653a 2020 2020 6).* source: \n+0000c240: 2020 2020 736d 6269 6f73 2e20 2020 2020 smbios. \n+0000c250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000c260: 2036 290a 2a20 736f 7572 6365 3a20 2020 6).* source: \n 0000c270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736f 7572 sour\n-0000c290: 6365 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce. \n-0000c2a0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7375 (line 6).* su\n-0000c2b0: 626d 656e 753a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bmenu: \n+0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6f75 sou\n+0000c290: 7263 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rce. \n+0000c2a0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 (line 6).* s\n+0000c2b0: 7562 6d65 6e75 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ubmenu: \n 0000c2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c2d0: 2020 2020 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2020 submenu. \n-0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000c2f0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f e 6).* terminal_\n-0000c300: 696e 7075 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 input: \n-0000c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 te\n-0000c320: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2e20 2020 rminal_input. \n-0000c330: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000c340: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a terminal_output:\n-0000c350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c360: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f terminal_\n-0000c370: 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 286c output. (l\n-0000c380: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 ine 6).* terminf\n-0000c390: 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o: \n+0000c2d0: 2020 2020 2020 7375 626d 656e 752e 2020 submenu. \n+0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000c2f0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c ne 6).* terminal\n+0000c300: 5f69 6e70 7574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 _input: \n+0000c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+0000c320: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742e 2020 erminal_input. \n+0000c330: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000c340: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 terminal_output\n+0000c350: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000c360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c terminal\n+0000c370: 5f6f 7574 7075 742e 2020 2020 2020 2028 _output. (\n+0000c380: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 726d 696e line 6).* termin\n+0000c390: 666f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fo: \n 0000c3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c3b0: 7465 726d 696e 666f 2e20 2020 2020 2020 terminfo. \n-0000c3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000c3d0: 2a20 7465 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 * test: \n+0000c3b0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2e 2020 2020 2020 terminfo. \n+0000c3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000c3d0: 0a2a 2074 6573 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* test: \n 0000c3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6573 742e 2020 test. \n+0000c3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 7374 2e20 test. \n 0000c400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c410: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 7275 653a (line 6).* true:\n-0000c420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c410: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7472 7565 (line 6).* true\n+0000c420: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000c430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c440: 2020 7472 7565 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 true. \n-0000c450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000c460: 290a 2a20 7472 7573 743a 2020 2020 2020 ).* trust: \n+0000c440: 2020 2074 7275 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 true. \n+0000c450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000c460: 3629 0a2a 2074 7275 7374 3a20 2020 2020 6).* trust: \n 0000c470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 7275 7374 trust\n-0000c490: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000c4a0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2075 6e73 (line 6).* uns\n-0000c4b0: 6574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 et: \n+0000c480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 7573 trus\n+0000c490: 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t. \n+0000c4a0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 756e (line 6).* un\n+0000c4b0: 7365 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set: \n 0000c4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c4d0: 2020 2020 756e 7365 742e 2020 2020 2020 unset. \n-0000c4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000c4f0: 2036 290a 2a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6).* verify_det\n-0000c500: 6163 6865 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ached: \n-0000c510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2076 6572 ver\n-0000c520: 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2e20 2020 ify_detached. \n-0000c530: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2076 (line 6).* v\n-0000c540: 6964 656f 696e 666f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ideoinfo: \n+0000c4d0: 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 2020 2020 unset. \n+0000c4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000c4f0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 e 6).* verify_de\n+0000c500: 7461 6368 6564 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tached: \n+0000c510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 ve\n+0000c520: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642e 2020 rify_detached. \n+0000c530: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000c540: 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 videoinfo: \n 0000c550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c560: 2020 2020 2020 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2e videoinfo.\n-0000c570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000c580: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7772 6d73 723a 2020 ne 6).* wrmsr: \n+0000c560: 2020 2020 2020 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f videoinfo\n+0000c570: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c . (l\n+0000c580: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2077 726d 7372 3a20 ine 6).* wrmsr: \n 0000c590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 w\n-0000c5b0: 726d 7372 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rmsr. \n-0000c5c0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000c5d0: 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 723a xen_hypervisor:\n-0000c5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 xen_hype\n-0000c600: 7276 6973 6f72 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2028 rvisor. (\n-0000c610: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f line 6).* xen_mo\n-0000c620: 6475 6c65 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dule: \n+0000c5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c5b0: 7772 6d73 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 wrmsr. \n+0000c5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000c5d0: 2a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 * xen_hypervisor\n+0000c5e0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000c5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2078 656e 5f68 7970 xen_hyp\n+0000c600: 6572 7669 736f 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 ervisor. \n+0000c610: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2078 656e 5f6d (line 6).* xen_m\n+0000c620: 6f64 756c 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 odule: \n 0000c630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c640: 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 652e 2020 2020 xen_module. \n-0000c650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000c660: 0a0a ..\n+0000c640: 2020 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2020 xen_module. \n+0000c650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000c660: 290a 0a )..\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info", "source2": "grub.info", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,541 +1,541 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 3220 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7465 7.2 from grub.te\n 00000040: 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c xi...This manual\n 00000050: 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 5542 is for GNU GRUB\n 00000060: 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 2c20 (version 2.12, \n-00000070: 3132 204f 6374 6f62 6572 2032 3032 3629 12 October 2026)\n-00000080: 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 ... Copyright \n-00000090: c2a9 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 ...1999,2000,200\n-000000a0: 312c 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 1,2002,2004,2006\n-000000b0: 2c32 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c ,2008,2009,2010,\n-000000c0: 3230 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 2011,2012,2013 F\n-000000d0: 7265 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 ree.Software Fou\n-000000e0: 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 ndation, Inc... \n-000000f0: 2020 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 Permission i\n-00000100: 7320 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 s granted to cop\n-00000110: 792c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e y, distribute an\n-00000120: 642f 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 d/or modify this\n-00000130: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 . document u\n-00000140: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f nder the terms o\n-00000150: 6620 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 f the GNU Free D\n-00000160: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n-00000170: 656e 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 ense,. Versi\n-00000180: 6f6e 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 on 1.2 or any la\n-00000190: 7465 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c ter version publ\n-000001a0: 6973 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 ished by the Fre\n-000001b0: 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 e Software. \n-000001c0: 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 Foundation; with\n-000001d0: 206e 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 no Invariant Se\n-000001e0: 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 ctions..INFO-DIR\n-000001f0: 2d53 4543 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a -SECTION Kernel.\n-00000200: 5354 4152 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 START-INFO-DIR-E\n-00000210: 4e54 5259 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 NTRY.* GRUB: (gr\n-00000220: 7562 292e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ub). \n-00000230: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 The GRand U\n-00000240: 6e69 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 nified Bootloade\n-00000250: 720a 2a20 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c r.* grub-install\n-00000260: 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 : (grub)Invoking\n-00000270: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 grub-install. \n-00000280: 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f Install GRUB o\n-00000290: 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 n your drive.* g\n-000002a0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 rub-mkconfig: (g\n-000002b0: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n-000002c0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e b-mkconfig. Gen\n-000002d0: 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 erate GRUB confi\n-000002e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d guration.* grub-\n-000002f0: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a mkpasswd-pbkdf2:\n-00000300: 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (grub)Invoking \n-00000310: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n-00000320: 6b64 6632 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 kdf2..* grub-mkr\n-00000330: 656c 7061 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e elpath: (grub)In\n-00000340: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00000350: 6c70 6174 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b lpath..* grub-mk\n-00000360: 7265 7363 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e rescue: (grub)In\n-00000370: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00000380: 7363 7565 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 scue. 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P\n-00000420: 726f 6265 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f robe device info\n-00000430: 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d73 rmation.* grub-s\n-00000440: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 6772 cript-check: (gr\n-00000450: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000460: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e 0a45 -script-check..E\n-00000470: 4e44 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 ND-INFO-DIR-ENTR\n-00000480: 590a 0a1f 0a49 6e64 6972 6563 743a 0a67 Y....Indirect:.g\n-00000490: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2d31 3a20 3131 3535 rub.info-1: 1155\n-000004a0: 0a67 7275 622e 696e 666f 2d32 3a20 3330 .grub.info-2: 30\n-000004b0: 3337 3934 0a1f 0a54 6167 2054 6162 6c65 3794...Tag Table\n-000004c0: 3a0a 2849 6e64 6972 6563 7429 0a4e 6f64 :.(Indirect).Nod\n-000004d0: 653a 2054 6f70 7f31 3135 350a 4e6f 6465 e: Top.1155.Node\n-000004e0: 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 7f33 : Introduction.3\n-000004f0: 3732 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f76 6572 7669 727.Node: Overvi\n-00000500: 6577 7f34 3137 310a 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6164 6572 7f31 3731 3034 370a 4e6f loader.171047.No\n-000013b0: 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 7f31 3731 3734 de: initrd.17174\n-000013c0: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 0.Node: initrd16\n-000013d0: 7f31 3733 3933 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 .173936.Node: li\n-000013e0: 6e75 787f 3137 3435 3432 0a4e 6f64 653a nux.174542.Node:\n-000013f0: 206c 696e 7578 3136 7f31 3735 3434 390a linux16.175449.\n-00001400: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 Node: xen_hyperv\n-00001410: 6973 6f72 7f31 3736 3135 340a 4e6f 6465 isor.176154.Node\n-00001420: 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 7f31 3736 : xen_module.176\n-00001430: 3539 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 598.Node: Genera\n-00001440: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 7f31 3737 3039 l commands.17709\n-00001450: 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 7269 616c 7f31 9.Node: serial.1\n-00001460: 3737 3534 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 77549.Node: term\n-00001470: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 7f31 3739 3638 inal_input.17968\n-00001480: 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 1.Node: terminal\n-00001490: 5f6f 7574 7075 747f 3138 3033 3531 0a4e _output.180351.N\n-000014a0: 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f7f 3138 ode: terminfo.18\n-000014b0: 3130 3232 0a4e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 1022.Node: Comma\n-000014c0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-000014d0: 7f31 3832 3330 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5b7f .182309.Node: [.\n-000014e0: 3138 3734 3436 0a4e 6f64 653a 2061 6370 187446.Node: acp\n-000014f0: 697f 3138 3736 3137 0a4e 6f64 653a 2061 i.187617.Node: a\n-00001500: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 657f 3138 3838 uthenticate.1888\n-00001510: 3839 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 89.Node: backgro\n-00001520: 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 727f 3138 3933 3039 und_color.189309\n-00001530: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e .Node: backgroun\n-00001540: 645f 696d 6167 657f 3138 3939 3731 0a4e d_image.189971.N\n-00001550: 6f64 653a 2062 6164 7261 6d7f 3139 3035 ode: badram.1905\n-00001560: 3132 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 12.Node: blockli\n-00001570: 7374 7f31 3931 3838 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 st.191887.Node: \n-00001580: 626f 6f74 7f31 3932 3130 360a 4e6f 6465 boot.192106.Node\n-00001590: 3a20 6361 747f 3139 3234 3133 0a4e 6f64 : cat.192413.Nod\n-000015a0: 653a 2063 6c65 6172 7f31 3933 3339 300a e: clear.193390.\n-000015b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e7f Node: cmosclean.\n-000015c0: 3139 3335 3533 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 193553.Node: cmo\n-000015d0: 7364 756d 707f 3139 3338 3432 0a4e 6f64 sdump.193842.Nod\n-000015e0: 653a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 747f 3139 3431 e: cmostest.1941\n-000015f0: 3232 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 7f31 3934 22.Node: cmp.194\n-00001600: 3436 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 465.Node: config\n-00001610: 6669 6c65 7f31 3935 3232 300a 4e6f 6465 file.195220.Node\n-00001620: 3a20 6370 7569 647f 3139 3536 3334 0a4e : cpuid.195634.N\n-00001630: 6f64 653a 2063 7263 7f31 3936 3230 320a ode: crc.196202.\n-00001640: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e Node: cryptomoun\n-00001650: 747f 3139 3634 3639 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 t.196469.Node: c\n-00001660: 7574 6d65 6d7f 3139 3837 3339 0a4e 6f64 utmem.198739.Nod\n-00001670: 653a 2064 6174 657f 3139 3936 3037 0a4e e: date.199607.N\n-00001680: 6f64 653a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 657f ode: devicetree.\n-00001690: 3230 3031 3336 0a4e 6f64 653a 2064 6973 200136.Node: dis\n-000016a0: 7472 7573 747f 3230 3036 3633 0a4e 6f64 trust.200663.Nod\n-000016b0: 653a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 707f 3230 3134 e: drivemap.2014\n-000016c0: 3439 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 6368 6f7f 3230 49.Node: echo.20\n-000016d0: 3232 3836 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 6669 7465 2286.Node: efite\n-000016e0: 7874 6d6f 6465 7f32 3033 3236 310a 4e6f xtmode.203261.No\n-000016f0: 6465 3a20 6576 616c 7f32 3035 3439 350a de: eval.205495.\n-00001700: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6578 706f 7274 7f32 3035 Node: export.205\n-00001710: 3737 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c73 657f 770.Node: false.\n-00001720: 3230 3630 3730 0a4e 6f64 653a 2066 7773 206070.Node: fws\n-00001730: 6574 7570 7f32 3036 3335 390a 4e6f 6465 etup.206359.Node\n-00001740: 3a20 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572.Node: load_e\n-00001830: 6e76 7f32 3133 3134 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 nv.213148.Node: \n-00001840: 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 7f32 3134 3833 340a loadfont.214834.\n-00001850: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 7f32 Node: loopback.2\n-00001860: 3135 3139 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 7f32 15198.Node: ls.2\n-00001870: 3135 3739 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 666f 15790.Node: lsfo\n-00001880: 6e74 737f 3231 3633 3137 0a4e 6f64 653a nts.216317.Node:\n-00001890: 206c 736d 6f64 7f32 3136 3438 340a 4e6f lsmod.216484.No\n-000018a0: 6465 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 7f32 3136 3635 de: md5sum.21665\n-000018b0: 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7f32 9.Node: module.2\n-000018c0: 3136 3933 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 6c74 16931.Node: mult\n-000018d0: 6962 6f6f 747f 3231 3732 3238 0a4e 6f64 iboot.217228.Nod\n-000018e0: 653a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b7f 3231 e: nativedisk.21\n-000018f0: 3833 3236 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 8326.Node: norma\n-00001900: 6c7f 3231 3837 3130 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e l.218710.Node: n\n-00001910: 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 7f32 3139 3437 ormal_exit.21947\n-00001920: 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 8.Node: parttool\n-00001930: 7f32 3139 3738 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 .219785.Node: pa\n-00001940: 7373 776f 7264 7f32 3231 3331 320a 4e6f ssword.221312.No\n-00001950: 6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b de: password_pbk\n-00001960: 6466 327f 3232 3135 3739 0a4e 6f64 653a df2.221579.Node:\n-00001970: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 747f 3232 3139 plainmount.2219\n-00001980: 3832 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 82.Node: plainmo\n-00001990: 756e 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 737f 3232 unt-Footnotes.22\n-000019a0: 3537 3434 0a52 6566 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 5744.Ref: plainm\n-000019b0: 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 317f ount-Footnote-1.\n-000019c0: 3232 3538 3039 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 225809.Node: pla\n-000019d0: 797f 3232 3539 3030 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 y.225900.Node: p\n-000019e0: 726f 6265 7f32 3236 3632 380a 4e6f 6465 robe.226628.Node\n-000019f0: 3a20 7264 6d73 727f 3232 3730 3939 0a4e 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653a 2073 6c65 6570 7f32 3339 3630 ode: sleep.23960\n-00001af0: 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 7f32 9.Node: smbios.2\n-00001b00: 3430 3132 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736f 7572 40122.Node: sour\n-00001b10: 6365 7f32 3433 3138 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ce.243186.Node: \n-00001b20: 7465 7374 7f32 3433 3733 320a 4e6f 6465 test.243732.Node\n-00001b30: 3a20 7472 7565 7f32 3436 3630 360a 4e6f : true.246606.No\n-00001b40: 6465 3a20 7472 7573 747f 3234 3638 3835 de: trust.246885\n-00001b50: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2075 6e73 6574 7f32 3437 .Node: unset.247\n-00001b60: 3638 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7665 7269 6679 688.Node: verify\n-00001b70: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 647f 3234 3738 3837 _detached.247887\n-00001b80: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f .Node: videoinfo\n-00001b90: 7f32 3438 3933 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7772 .248931.Node: wr\n-00001ba0: 6d73 727f 3234 3931 3934 0a4e 6f64 653a msr.249194.Node:\n-00001bb0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n-00001bc0: 616e 6473 7f32 3439 3937 300a 4e6f 6465 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3533 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 55532.Node: net_\n-00001cc0: 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 667f 3235 ipv6_autoconf.25\n-00001cd0: 3630 3333 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 6033.Node: net_l\n-00001ce0: 735f 6164 6472 7f32 3536 3435 380a 4e6f s_addr.256458.No\n-00001cf0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 de: net_ls_cards\n-00001d00: 7f32 3536 3730 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .256706.Node: ne\n-00001d10: 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 7f32 3536 3934 320a t_ls_dns.256942.\n-00001d20: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 Node: net_ls_rou\n-00001d30: 7465 737f 3235 3731 3733 0a4e 6f64 653a tes.257173.Node:\n-00001d40: 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 707f 3235 net_nslookup.25\n-00001d50: 3733 3830 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f73 7380.Node: net_s\n-00001d60: 6574 5f76 6c61 6e7f 3235 3736 3835 0a4e et_vlan.257685.N\n-00001d70: 6f64 653a 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 ode: Undocumente\n-00001d80: 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 7f32 3538 3134 d commands.25814\n-00001d90: 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 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6f74 7f32 3830 3035 370a 4e6f 6465 Boot.280057.Node\n-00001e90: 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 7f32 3832 3035 : Lockdown.28205\n-00001ea0: 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 9.Node: Platform\n-00001eb0: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 7f32 3832 limitations.282\n-00001ec0: 3536 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 560.Node: Platfo\n-00001ed0: 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 rm-specific oper\n-00001ee0: 6174 696f 6e73 7f32 3930 3536 390a 4e6f ations.290569.No\n-00001ef0: 6465 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 de: Supported ke\n-00001f00: 726e 656c 737f 3239 3136 3630 0a4e 6f64 rnels.291660.Nod\n-00001f10: 653a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 e: Troubleshooti\n-00001f20: 6e67 7f32 3939 3239 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ng.299297.Node: \n-00001f30: 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 GRUB only offers\n-00001f40: 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c7f a rescue shell.\n-00001f50: 3239 3935 3636 0a4e 6f64 653a 2046 6972 299566.Node: Fir\n-00001f60: 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 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This drawi\n+00000b10: 6e67 2077 6173 2063 7265 6174 6564 2061 ng was created a\n+00000b20: 6e64 2073 6c69 6365 6420 696e 2049 6e6b nd sliced in Ink\n+00000b30: 7363 6170 655f 2c20 6173 2074 6865 206e scape_, as the n\n+00000b40: 6578 7420 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6578 706c ext section expl\n+00000b50: 6169 6e73 2e7f 3931 3630 300a 4e6f 6465 ains..91600.Node\n+00000b60: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b7f 3131 3230 3634 : Network.112064\n+00000b70: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 .Node: Serial te\n+00000b80: 726d 696e 616c 7f31 3136 3730 320a 4e6f rminal.116702.No\n+00000b90: 6465 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 de: Vendor power\n+00000ba0: 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 7f31 3139 3130 360a -on keys.119106.\n+00000bb0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496d 6167 6573 7f31 3231 Node: Images.121\n+00000bc0: 3038 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 7265 2069 085.Node: Core i\n+00000bd0: 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 mage size limita\n+00000be0: 7469 6f6e 7f31 3236 3231 320a 4e6f 6465 tion.126212.Node\n+00000bf0: 3a20 4669 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7061 7468 7f31 3432 3630 330a 4e6f mdpath.142603.No\n+00000dd0: 6465 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 de: color_highli\n+00000de0: 6768 747f 3134 3330 3334 0a4e 6f64 653a ght.143034.Node:\n+00000df0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c7f 3134 color_normal.14\n+00000e00: 3334 3534 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 3454.Node: confi\n+00000e10: 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 797f 3134 3532 g_directory.1452\n+00000e20: 3039 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 09.Node: config_\n+00000e30: 6669 6c65 7f31 3435 3530 330a 4e6f 6465 file.145503.Node\n+00000e40: 3a20 6465 6275 677f 3134 3539 3034 0a4e : debug.145904.N\n+00000e50: 6f64 653a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7f31 3436 ode: default.146\n+00000e60: 3837 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 877.Node: fallba\n+00000e70: 636b 7f31 3438 3333 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ck.148333.Node: \n+00000e80: 6766 786d 6f64 657f 3134 3836 3730 0a4e gfxmode.148670.N\n+00000e90: 6f64 653a 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 647f ode: gfxpayload.\n+00000ea0: 3134 3935 3030 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 6678 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3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f t__bo\n+00000fa0: 6f74 5f66 696c 657f 3135 3431 3730 0a4e ot_file.154170.N\n+00000fb0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__clientid.15\n+00000fd0: 3434 3035 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 4405.Node: net_<\n+00000fe0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 656e INTERFACE>_clien\n+00000ff0: 7475 7569 647f 3135 3436 3437 0a4e 6f64 tuuid.154647.Nod\n+00001000: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__dhcp_server_n\n+00001020: 616d 657f 3135 3439 3030 0a4e 6f64 653a ame.154900.Node:\n+00001030: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00001040: 5f64 6f6d 6169 6e7f 3135 3531 3633 0a4e _domain.155163.N\n+00001050: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__extensionsp\n+00001070: 6174 687f 3135 3534 3130 0a4e 6f64 653a ath.155410.Node:\n+00001080: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00001090: 5f68 6f73 746e 616d 657f 3135 3536 3635 _hostname.155665\n+000010a0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 .Node: 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3a20 7072 6566 6978 7f31 3537 Node: prefix.157\n+000011d0: 3838 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f 626c 889.Node: pxe_bl\n+000011e0: 6b73 697a 657f 3135 3833 3436 0a4e 6f64 ksize.158346.Nod\n+000011f0: 653a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 e: pxe_default_g\n+00001200: 6174 6577 6179 7f31 3538 3532 330a 4e6f ateway.158523.No\n+00001210: 6465 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f de: pxe_default_\n+00001220: 7365 7276 6572 7f31 3538 3732 380a 4e6f server.158728.No\n+00001230: 6465 3a20 726f 6f74 7f31 3538 3932 340a de: root.158924.\n+00001240: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b7f Node: shim_lock.\n+00001250: 3135 3934 3834 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 7570 159484.Node: sup\n+00001260: 6572 7573 6572 737f 3135 3937 3535 0a4e erusers.159755.N\n+00001270: 6f64 653a 2074 6865 6d65 7f31 3630 3030 ode: theme.16000\n+00001280: 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 747f 8.Node: timeout.\n+00001290: 3136 3033 3333 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 696d 160333.Node: tim\n+000012a0: 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 7f31 3630 3939 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3535 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6169 68553.Node: chai\n+000013a0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 727f 3137 3130 3439 0a4e nloader.171049.N\n+000013b0: 6f64 653a 2069 6e69 7472 647f 3137 3137 ode: initrd.1717\n+000013c0: 3432 0a4e 6f64 653a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 42.Node: initrd1\n+000013d0: 367f 3137 3339 3338 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6.173938.Node: l\n+000013e0: 696e 7578 7f31 3734 3534 340a 4e6f 6465 inux.174544.Node\n+000013f0: 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 367f 3137 3534 3531 : linux16.175451\n+00001400: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 .Node: xen_hyper\n+00001410: 7669 736f 727f 3137 3631 3536 0a4e 6f64 visor.176156.Nod\n+00001420: 653a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 657f 3137 e: xen_module.17\n+00001430: 3636 3030 0a4e 6f64 653a 2047 656e 6572 6600.Node: Gener\n+00001440: 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3137 3731 al commands.1771\n+00001450: 3031 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6572 6961 6c7f 01.Node: serial.\n+00001460: 3137 3735 3531 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 177551.Node: ter\n+00001470: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 747f 3137 3936 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340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 514.Node: blockl\n+00001570: 6973 747f 3139 3138 3839 0a4e 6f64 653a ist.191889.Node:\n+00001580: 2062 6f6f 747f 3139 3231 3038 0a4e 6f64 boot.192108.Nod\n+00001590: 653a 2063 6174 7f31 3932 3431 350a 4e6f e: cat.192415.No\n+000015a0: 6465 3a20 636c 6561 727f 3139 3333 3932 de: clear.193392\n+000015b0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e .Node: cmosclean\n+000015c0: 7f31 3933 3535 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d .193555.Node: cm\n+000015d0: 6f73 6475 6d70 7f31 3933 3834 340a 4e6f osdump.193844.No\n+000015e0: 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 7f31 3934 de: cmostest.194\n+000015f0: 3132 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 707f 3139 124.Node: cmp.19\n+00001600: 3434 3637 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 4467.Node: confi\n+00001610: 6766 696c 657f 3139 3532 3232 0a4e 6f64 gfile.195222.Nod\n+00001620: 653a 2063 7075 6964 7f31 3935 3633 360a e: cpuid.195636.\n+00001630: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 637f 3139 3632 3034 Node: crc.196204\n+00001640: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 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7475 707f 3230 3633 3631 0a4e 6f64 setup.206361.Nod\n+00001740: 653a 2067 6462 696e 666f 7f32 3036 3731 e: gdbinfo.20671\n+00001750: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6765 7474 6578 747f 0.Node: gettext.\n+00001760: 3230 3732 3439 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 7074 207249.Node: gpt\n+00001770: 7379 6e63 7f32 3037 3639 350a 4e6f 6465 sync.207695.Node\n+00001780: 3a20 6861 6c74 7f32 3038 3633 370a 4e6f : halt.208637.No\n+00001790: 6465 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d7f 3230 3930 de: hashsum.2090\n+000017a0: 3137 0a4e 6f64 653a 2068 656c 707f 3231 17.Node: help.21\n+000017b0: 3033 3138 0a4e 6f64 653a 2068 6578 6475 0318.Node: hexdu\n+000017c0: 6d70 7f32 3130 3737 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 mp.210771.Node: \n+000017d0: 696e 736d 6f64 7f32 3131 3338 380a 4e6f insmod.211388.No\n+000017e0: 6465 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 737f 3231 de: keystatus.21\n+000017f0: 3135 3934 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f 1594.Node: list_\n+00001800: 656e 767f 3231 3232 3139 0a4e 6f64 653a env.212219.Node:\n+00001810: 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 647f 3231 list_trusted.21\n+00001820: 3235 3734 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 645f 2574.Node: load_\n+00001830: 656e 767f 3231 3331 3530 0a4e 6f64 653a env.213150.Node:\n+00001840: 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 747f 3231 3438 3336 loadfont.214836\n+00001850: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b7f .Node: loopback.\n+00001860: 3231 3532 3030 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 737f 215200.Node: ls.\n+00001870: 3231 3537 3932 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 7366 215792.Node: lsf\n+00001880: 6f6e 7473 7f32 3136 3331 390a 4e6f 6465 onts.216319.Node\n+00001890: 3a20 6c73 6d6f 647f 3231 3634 3836 0a4e : lsmod.216486.N\n+000018a0: 6f64 653a 206d 6435 7375 6d7f 3231 3636 ode: md5sum.2166\n+000018b0: 3631 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 6f64 756c 657f 61.Node: module.\n+000018c0: 3231 3639 3333 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 756c 216933.Node: mul\n+000018d0: 7469 626f 6f74 7f32 3137 3233 300a 4e6f tiboot.217230.No\n+000018e0: 6465 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 7f32 de: nativedisk.2\n+000018f0: 3138 3332 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 18328.Node: norm\n+00001900: 616c 7f32 3138 3731 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 al.218712.Node: \n+00001910: 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 747f 3231 3934 normal_exit.2194\n+00001920: 3830 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 80.Node: parttoo\n+00001930: 6c7f 3231 3937 3837 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 l.219787.Node: p\n+00001940: 6173 7377 6f72 647f 3232 3133 3134 0a4e assword.221314.N\n+00001950: 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 ode: password_pb\n+00001960: 6b64 6632 7f32 3231 3538 310a 4e6f 6465 kdf2.221581.Node\n+00001970: 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 7f32 3231 : plainmount.221\n+00001980: 3938 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 984.Node: plainm\n+00001990: 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 7f32 ount-Footnotes.2\n+000019a0: 3235 3734 360a 5265 663a 2070 6c61 696e 25746.Ref: plain\n+000019b0: 6d6f 756e 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 mount-Footnote-1\n+000019c0: 7f32 3235 3831 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c .225811.Node: pl\n+000019d0: 6179 7f32 3235 3930 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ay.225902.Node: \n+000019e0: 7072 6f62 657f 3232 3636 3330 0a4e 6f64 probe.226630.Nod\n+000019f0: 653a 2072 646d 7372 7f32 3237 3130 310a e: rdmsr.227101.\n+00001a00: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6164 7f32 3237 3837 Node: read.22787\n+00001a10: 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 7f32 3.Node: reboot.2\n+00001a20: 3238 3331 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6765 28316.Node: rege\n+00001a30: 7870 7f32 3238 3438 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 xp.228484.Node: \n+00001a40: 726d 6d6f 647f 3232 3930 3136 0a4e 6f64 rmmod.229016.Nod\n+00001a50: 653a 2073 6176 655f 656e 767f 3232 3931 e: save_env.2291\n+00001a60: 3934 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6561 7263 687f 94.Node: search.\n+00001a70: 3233 3032 3131 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 656e 230211.Node: sen\n+00001a80: 646b 6579 7f32 3331 3832 350a 4e6f 6465 dkey.231825.Node\n+00001a90: 3a20 7365 747f 3233 3833 3339 0a4e 6f64 : set.238339.Nod\n+00001aa0: 653a 2073 6861 3173 756d 7f32 3338 3735 e: sha1sum.23875\n+00001ab0: 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 1.Node: sha256su\n+00001ac0: 6d7f 3233 3930 3239 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 m.239029.Node: s\n+00001ad0: 6861 3531 3273 756d 7f32 3339 3332 310a ha512sum.239321.\n+00001ae0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 736c 6565 707f 3233 3936 Node: sleep.2396\n+00001af0: 3131 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6d62 696f 737f 11.Node: smbios.\n+00001b00: 3234 3031 3234 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6f75 240124.Node: sou\n+00001b10: 7263 657f 3234 3331 3838 0a4e 6f64 653a rce.243188.Node:\n+00001b20: 2074 6573 747f 3234 3337 3334 0a4e 6f64 test.243734.Nod\n+00001b30: 653a 2074 7275 657f 3234 3636 3038 0a4e e: true.246608.N\n+00001b40: 6f64 653a 2074 7275 7374 7f32 3436 3838 ode: trust.24688\n+00001b50: 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 756e 7365 747f 3234 7.Node: unset.24\n+00001b60: 3736 3930 0a4e 6f64 653a 2076 6572 6966 7690.Node: verif\n+00001b70: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 7f32 3437 3838 y_detached.24788\n+00001b80: 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 9.Node: videoinf\n+00001b90: 6f7f 3234 3839 3333 0a4e 6f64 653a 2077 o.248933.Node: w\n+00001ba0: 726d 7372 7f32 3439 3139 360a 4e6f 6465 rmsr.249196.Node\n+00001bb0: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n+00001bc0: 6d61 6e64 737f 3234 3939 3732 0a4e 6f64 mands.249972.Nod\n+00001bd0: 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 727f e: net_add_addr.\n+00001be0: 3235 3130 3435 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 251045.Node: net\n+00001bf0: 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 7f32 3531 3536 390a _add_dns.251569.\n+00001c00: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f Node: net_add_ro\n+00001c10: 7574 657f 3235 3138 3435 0a4e 6f64 653a ute.251845.Node:\n+00001c20: 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 7f32 3532 3337 net_bootp.25237\n+00001c30: 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 3.Node: net_del_\n+00001c40: 6164 6472 7f32 3532 3733 380a 4e6f 6465 addr.252738.Node\n+00001c50: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 737f 3235 : net_del_dns.25\n+00001c60: 3239 3738 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 2978.Node: net_d\n+00001c70: 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 7f32 3533 3232 350a el_route.253225.\n+00001c80: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 7f32 Node: net_dhcp.2\n+00001c90: 3533 3435 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 53459.Node: net_\n+00001ca0: 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e7f get_dhcp_option.\n+00001cb0: 3235 3535 3334 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 255534.Node: net\n+00001cc0: 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 7f32 _ipv6_autoconf.2\n+00001cd0: 3536 3033 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 56035.Node: net_\n+00001ce0: 6c73 5f61 6464 727f 3235 3634 3630 0a4e ls_addr.256460.N\n+00001cf0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 ode: net_ls_card\n+00001d00: 737f 3235 3637 3038 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e s.256708.Node: n\n+00001d10: 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 737f 3235 3639 3434 et_ls_dns.256944\n+00001d20: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f .Node: net_ls_ro\n+00001d30: 7574 6573 7f32 3537 3137 350a 4e6f 6465 utes.257175.Node\n+00001d40: 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 7f32 : net_nslookup.2\n+00001d50: 3537 3338 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 57382.Node: net_\n+00001d60: 7365 745f 766c 616e 7f32 3537 3638 370a set_vlan.257687.\n+00001d70: 4e6f 6465 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 Node: Undocument\n+00001d80: 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3235 3831 ed commands.2581\n+00001d90: 3530 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 50.Node: Interna\n+00001da0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e7f 3236 tionalisation.26\n+00001db0: 3338 3632 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 7572 3862.Node: Secur\n+00001dc0: 6974 797f 3237 3037 3033 0a4e 6f64 653a ity.270703.Node:\n+00001dd0: 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 Authentication \n+00001de0: 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f and authorisatio\n+00001df0: 6e7f 3237 3132 3739 0a4e 6f64 653a 2055 n.271279.Node: U\n+00001e00: 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 sing digital sig\n+00001e10: 6e61 7475 7265 737f 3237 3434 3735 0a4e natures.274475.N\n+00001e20: 6f64 653a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 ode: UEFI secure\n+00001e30: 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 7f32 boot and shim.2\n+00001e40: 3737 3834 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 6375 77841.Node: Secu\n+00001e50: 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 re Boot Advanced\n+00001e60: 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 7f32 3739 3032 Targeting.27902\n+00001e70: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 0.Node: Measured\n+00001e80: 2042 6f6f 747f 3238 3030 3539 0a4e 6f64 Boot.280059.Nod\n+00001e90: 653a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e7f 3238 3230 e: Lockdown.2820\n+00001ea0: 3631 0a4e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 61.Node: Platfor\n+00001eb0: 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 737f 3238 m limitations.28\n+00001ec0: 3235 3632 0a4e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 2562.Node: Platf\n+00001ed0: 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 orm-specific ope\n+00001ee0: 7261 7469 6f6e 737f 3239 3035 3731 0a4e rations.290571.N\n+00001ef0: 6f64 653a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b ode: Supported k\n+00001f00: 6572 6e65 6c73 7f32 3931 3636 320a 4e6f ernels.291662.No\n+00001f10: 6465 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 de: Troubleshoot\n+00001f20: 696e 677f 3239 3932 3939 0a4e 6f64 653a ing.299299.Node:\n+00001f30: 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 GRUB only offer\n+00001f40: 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c s a rescue shell\n+00001f50: 7f32 3939 3536 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 .299568.Node: Fi\n+00001f60: 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e rmware stalls in\n+00001f70: 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 stead of booting\n+00001f80: 2047 5255 427f 3330 3337 3937 0a4e 6f64 GRUB.303797.Nod\n+00001f90: 653a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 e: User-space ut\n+00001fa0: 696c 6974 6965 737f 3330 3434 3238 0a4e ilities.304428.N\n+00001fb0: 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ode: Invoking gr\n+00001fc0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 7f33 3035 3135 ub-install.30515\n+00001fd0: 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 9.Node: Invoking\n+00001fe0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 7f33 grub-mkconfig.3\n+00001ff0: 3037 3338 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 07382.Node: Invo\n+00002000: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 king grub-mkpass\n+00002010: 7764 2d70 626b 6466 327f 3330 3830 3634 wd-pbkdf2.308064\n+00002020: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 .Node: Invoking \n+00002030: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 7f33 grub-mkrelpath.3\n+00002040: 3038 3737 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 08776.Node: Invo\n+00002050: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n+00002060: 7565 7f33 3039 3539 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ue.309598.Node: \n+00002070: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f Invoking grub-mo\n+00002080: 756e 747f 3331 3134 3536 0a4e 6f64 653a unt.311456.Node:\n+00002090: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 Invoking grub-p\n+000020a0: 726f 6265 7f33 3134 3631 300a 4e6f 6465 robe.314610.Node\n+000020b0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+000020c0: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 7f33 3137 script-check.317\n+000020d0: 3337 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 373.Node: Obtain\n+000020e0: 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 ing and Building\n+000020f0: 2047 5255 427f 3331 3831 3330 0a4e 6f64 GRUB.318130.Nod\n+00002100: 653a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 e: Reporting bug\n+00002110: 737f 3331 3933 3735 0a4e 6f64 653a 2046 s.319375.Node: F\n+00002120: 7574 7572 657f 3332 3231 3939 0a4e 6f64 uture.322199.Nod\n+00002130: 653a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 e: Copying This \n+00002140: 4d61 6e75 616c 7f33 3232 3539 390a 4e6f Manual.322599.No\n+00002150: 6465 3a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 de: GNU Free Doc\n+00002160: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n+00002170: 7365 7f33 3232 3832 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 se.322827.Node: \n+00002180: 496e 6465 787f 3334 3532 3139 0a1f 0a45 Index.345219...E\n+00002190: 6e64 2054 6167 2054 6162 6c65 0a0a 1f0a nd Tag Table....\n+000021a0: 4c6f 6361 6c20 5661 7269 6162 6c65 733a Local Variables:\n+000021b0: 0a63 6f64 696e 673a 2075 7466 2d38 0a45 .coding: utf-8.E\n+000021c0: 6e64 3a0a nd:.\n"}]}]}]}]}]}