{"diffoscope-json-version": 1, "source1": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.MnzDkKAc/b1/grub2_2.12-9_arm64.changes", "source2": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.MnzDkKAc/b2/grub2_2.12-9_arm64.changes", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "Files", "source2": "Files", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@\n \n 03902c360858c282847bde8536c0b222 10921768 debug optional grub-common-dbgsym_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n 17132eecfe6c0c1b9ca4ce907c7f6cbd 2877324 admin optional grub-common_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n- c8021098a63d6e1c39686533557985b8 943984 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-bin_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n+ dcf463aa9f821367dab05ccf8e7aa44f 944100 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-bin_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n 8526ba5cb0613d7a4f2bf9982e7ea297 3033672 debug optional grub-efi-arm64-dbg_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n f5b6274fde11096d36623e6979e587ef 317352 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-signed-template_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n- f42d63fc21f67e648dc5a3250207e3aa 1332604 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-unsigned_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n+ 16b178369bb2fa947fba1a66e97ba4ff 1332828 admin optional grub-efi-arm64-unsigned_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n 4acb04773d1eec20e0fdcba0e012bca0 46576 admin optional grub-efi-arm64_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n b13379752d184658b1b9d9421f84350e 2372 admin optional grub-efi_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n 8e4d83fbb2531ccce53e6f27d1cc408d 413536 debian-installer optional grub-mount-udeb_2.12-9_arm64.udeb\n 2d7061e65e5b7a88791f730a2da94db0 2156800 admin optional grub-theme-starfield_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n 394b81066d13364d3eed20735938ffca 1460056 debug optional grub2-common-dbgsym_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n- 84438971f3c3f7010c9aab30ee5070f6 610376 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n+ c7c81d5b1e1cd9c1f9b0e1ddd48a9246 610388 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-9_arm64.deb\n"}, {"source1": "grub-efi-arm64-bin_2.12-9_arm64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-arm64-bin_2.12-9_arm64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 6964 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 936828 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 936944 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -135,15 +135,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6696 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6824 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6704 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6808 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6760 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 12232 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4142 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2404 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2402 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 48304 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4600 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3120 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 185608 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6416 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 12440 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 206824 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/normal.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=arm64\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-arm64-unsigned_2.12-9_arm64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-arm64-unsigned_2.12-9_arm64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1192 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1331220 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1188 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1331448 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/gcdaa64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/gcdaa64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -556856,15 +556856,15 @@\n \t...\n 256288:\tudf\t#140\n 25628c:\tudf\t#0\n 256290:\tudf\t#172\n 256294:\tudf\t#0\n 256298:\t.inst\t0x000cd3b6 ; undefined\n 25629c:\tudf\t#0\n- 2562a0:\tlslr\tz4.h, p0/m, z4.h, z0.h\n+ 2562a0:\t.inst\t0x08ae8004 ; undefined\n 2562a4:\t.inst\t0xd3e00000 ; undefined\n 2562a8:\tudf\t#12\n \t...\n 256ec0:\tudf\t#2\n 256ec4:\tudf\t#40\n 256ec8:\tldp\td14, d27, [x27, #-224]\n 256ecc:\tstnp\tw1, w27, [x3, #-256]\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubaa64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubaa64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -644828,15 +644828,15 @@\n 2b5584:\t.inst\t0x006c8018 ; undefined\n \t...\n 2b5594:\t.inst\t0x008c0000 ; undefined\n 2b5598:\tudf\t#0\n 2b559c:\tmov\tx0, #0xa000 \t// #40960\n 2b55a0:\tudf\t#12\n 2b55a4:\t.inst\t0x80040000 ; undefined\n- 2b55a8:\tudf\t#1111\n+ 2b55a8:\tudf\t#2222\n 2b55ac:\t.inst\t0x000cd2b6 ; undefined\n \t...\n 2b62f0:\tudf\t#3\n 2b62f4:\tudf\t#24\n 2b62f8:\t.inst\t0x4946452f ; undefined\n 2b62fc:\t.inst\t0x6265642f ; undefined\n 2b6300:\t.inst\t0x006e6169 ; undefined\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64-installer.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -561592,15 +561592,15 @@\n \t...\n 25b9e0:\tudf\t#140\n 25b9e4:\tudf\t#0\n 25b9e8:\tudf\t#172\n 25b9ec:\tudf\t#0\n 25b9f0:\t.inst\t0x000cd366 ; undefined\n 25b9f4:\tudf\t#0\n- 25b9f8:\tlslr\tz4.h, p0/m, z4.h, z0.h\n+ 25b9f8:\t.inst\t0x08ae8004 ; undefined\n 25b9fc:\t.inst\t0xd3900000 ; undefined\n 25ba00:\tudf\t#12\n \t...\n 25c668:\tudf\t#2\n 25c66c:\tudf\t#40\n 25c670:\tldp\td14, d27, [x27, #-224]\n 25c674:\tstnp\tw1, w27, [x3, #-256]\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/monolithic/grubnetaa64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -561592,15 +561592,15 @@\n \t...\n 25b9e0:\tudf\t#140\n 25b9e4:\tudf\t#0\n 25b9e8:\tudf\t#172\n 25b9ec:\tudf\t#0\n 25b9f0:\t.inst\t0x000cd366 ; undefined\n 25b9f4:\tudf\t#0\n- 25b9f8:\tlslr\tz4.h, p0/m, z4.h, z0.h\n+ 25b9f8:\t.inst\t0x08ae8004 ; undefined\n 25b9fc:\t.inst\t0xd3900000 ; undefined\n 25ba00:\tudf\t#12\n \t...\n 25c668:\tudf\t#2\n 25c66c:\tudf\t#40\n 25c670:\tldp\td14, d27, [x27, #-224]\n 25c674:\tstnp\tw1, w27, [x3, #-256]\n"}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub2-common_2.12-9_arm64.deb", "source2": "grub2-common_2.12-9_arm64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1372 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 608812 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 608824 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -21,17 +21,17 @@\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/doc/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/grub/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1532 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 186 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub.md5sum\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/info/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 37887 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub-dev.info.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 87404 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14850 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3574 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 87402 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14849 2025-07-03 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"grub.info-1", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,18916 +1,18915 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 3220 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7465 7.2 from grub.te\n 00000040: 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c xi...This manual\n 00000050: 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 5542 is for GNU GRUB\n 00000060: 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 2c20 (version 2.12, \n-00000070: 3238 2053 6570 7465 6d62 6572 2032 3032 28 September 202\n-00000080: 3629 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 6)... 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limita\n-00000ab0: 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 tions.* Filesyst\n-00000ac0: 656d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 em:: \n-00000ad0: 2020 2020 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d Filesystem\n-00000ae0: 2073 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 7365 6d61 syntax and sema\n-00000af0: 6e74 6963 730a 2a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 ntics.* Interfac\n-00000b00: 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:: \n-00000b10: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 The menu a\n-00000b20: 6e64 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c nd the command-l\n-00000b30: 696e 650a 2a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ine.* Environmen\n-00000b40: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n-00000b50: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e GRUB environ\n-00000b60: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a2a ment variables.*\n-00000b70: 204d 6f64 756c 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 Modules:: \n-00000b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 A\n-00000b90: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 vailable modules\n-00000ba0: 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a20 2020 .* Commands:: \n-00000bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000bc0: 2041 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2062 7569 6c74 Available built\n-00000bd0: 696e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2a20 496e in commands.* In\n-00000be0: 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 ternationalisati\n-00000bf0: 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 546f 7069 on:: Topi\n-00000c00: 6373 2072 656c 6174 696e 6720 746f 206c cs relating to l\n-00000c10: 616e 6775 6167 6520 7375 7070 6f72 740a anguage support.\n-00000c20: 2a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2020 2020 * Security:: \n-00000c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000c40: 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 Authentication, \n-00000c50: 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2061 authorisation, a\n-00000c60: 6e64 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2a20 nd signatures.* \n-00000c70: 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 Platform limitat\n-00000c80: 696f 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 506c ions:: Pl\n-00000c90: 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 atform-specific \n-00000ca0: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 506c limitations.* Pl\n-00000cb0: 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 atform-specific \n-00000cc0: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 3a3a 2050 6c61 operations:: Pla\n-00000cd0: 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f tform-specific o\n-00000ce0: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 5375 7070 perations.* Supp\n-00000cf0: 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 733a 3a20 orted kernels:: \n-00000d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 Suppor\n-00000d10: 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 730a 2a20 5472 ted kernels.* Tr\n-00000d20: 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 oubleshooting:: \n-00000d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4572 726f Erro\n-00000d40: 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2070 726f 6475 r messages produ\n-00000d50: 6365 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2a20 5573 ced by GRUB.* Us\n-00000d60: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n-00000d70: 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 5573 6167 es:: Usag\n-00000d80: 6520 6f66 2075 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 e of user-space \n-00000d90: 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 2a20 4f62 7461 utilities.* Obta\n-00000da0: 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 ining and Buildi\n-00000db0: 6e67 2047 5255 423a 3a20 486f 7720 746f ng GRUB:: How to\n-00000dc0: 206f 6274 6169 6e20 616e 6420 6275 696c obtain and buil\n-00000dd0: 6420 4752 5542 0a2a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 d GRUB.* Reporti\n-00000de0: 6e67 2062 7567 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ng bugs:: \n-00000df0: 2020 2020 2020 2057 6865 7265 2079 6f75 Where you\n-00000e00: 2073 686f 756c 6420 7365 6e64 2061 2062 should send a b\n-00000e10: 7567 2072 6570 6f72 740a 2a20 4675 7475 ug report.* Futu\n-00000e20: 7265 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 re:: \n-00000e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f 6d65 2066 Some f\n-00000e40: 7574 7572 6520 706c 616e 7320 6f6e 2047 uture plans on G\n-00000e50: 5255 420a 2a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 RUB.* Copying Th\n-00000e60: 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 is Manual:: \n-00000e70: 2020 2020 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 Copying This\n-00000e80: 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 2a20 496e 6465 783a Manual.* Index:\n-00000e90: 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e :....File: grub.\n-00000ea0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 info, Node: Int\n-00000eb0: 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 roduction, Next\n-00000ec0: 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 : Naming convent\n-00000ed0: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 546f 702c ion, Prev: Top,\n-00000ee0: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 2049 6e74 Up: Top..1 Int\n-00000ef0: 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2047 5255 roduction to GRU\n-00000f00: 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a B.**************\n-00000f10: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 ********..* Menu\n-00000f20: 3a0a 0a2a 204f 7665 7276 6965 773a 3a20 :..* Overview:: \n-00000f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000f40: 2020 2057 6861 7420 6578 6163 746c 7920 What exactly \n-00000f50: 4752 5542 2069 7320 616e 6420 686f 7720 GRUB is and how \n-00000f60: 746f 2075 7365 2069 740a 2a20 4869 7374 to use it.* Hist\n-00000f70: 6f72 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ory:: \n-00000f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4672 6f6d 206d From m\n-00000f90: 6167 676f 7420 746f 2068 6f75 7365 2066 aggot to house f\n-00000fa0: 6c79 0a2a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f ly.* Changes fro\n-00000fb0: 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 793a 3a20 m GRUB Legacy:: \n-00000fc0: 2020 2044 6966 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2066 Differences f\n-00000fd0: 726f 6d20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 rom previous ver\n-00000fe0: 7369 6f6e 730a 2a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 sions.* Features\n-00000ff0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-00001000: 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 GRUB featu\n-00001010: 7265 730a 2a20 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 res.* Role of a \n-00001020: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 2020 boot loader:: \n-00001030: 2020 2020 5468 6520 726f 6c65 206f 6620 The role of \n-00001040: 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 720a 0a1f a boot loader...\n-00001050: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00001060: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 , Node: Overvie\n-00001070: 772c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 w, Next: Histor\n-00001080: 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 y, Up: Introduc\n-00001090: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3120 4f76 6572 7669 tion..1.1 Overvi\n-000010a0: 6577 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ew.============.\n-000010b0: 0a42 7269 6566 6c79 2c20 6120 e280 9c62 .Briefly, a ...b\n-000010c0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9d20 6973 oot loader... is\n-000010d0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6f66 7477 the first softw\n-000010e0: 6172 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 7468 6174 are program that\n-000010f0: 2072 756e 7320 7768 656e 2061 0a63 6f6d runs when a.com\n-00001100: 7075 7465 7220 7374 6172 7473 2e20 2049 puter starts. I\n-00001110: 7420 6973 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 t is responsible\n-00001120: 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e64 for loading and\n-00001130: 2074 7261 6e73 6665 7272 696e 6720 636f transferring co\n-00001140: 6e74 726f 6c0a 746f 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 ntrol.to an oper\n-00001150: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 20e2 809c ating system ...\n-00001160: 6b65 726e 656c e280 9d20 736f 6674 7761 kernel... softwa\n-00001170: 7265 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 4c69 6e75 re (such as Linu\n-00001180: 7820 6f72 2047 4e55 204d 6163 6829 2e0a x or GNU Mach)..\n-00001190: 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 696e 2074 The kernel, in t\n-000011a0: 7572 6e2c 2069 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6573 urn, initializes\n-000011b0: 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 the rest of the\n-000011c0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-000011d0: 6d20 2865 2e67 2e0a 6120 474e 5520 7379 m (e.g..a GNU sy\n-000011e0: 7374 656d 292e 0a0a 2020 2047 4e55 2047 stem)... GNU G\n-000011f0: 5255 4220 6973 2061 2076 6572 7920 706f RUB is a very po\n-00001200: 7765 7266 756c 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 werful boot load\n-00001210: 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6c6f er, which can lo\n-00001220: 6164 2061 2077 6964 650a 7661 7269 6574 ad a wide.variet\n-00001230: 7920 6f66 2066 7265 6520 6f70 6572 6174 y of free operat\n-00001240: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 7320 ing systems, as \n-00001250: 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7072 6f70 7269 6574 well as propriet\n-00001260: 6172 7920 6f70 6572 6174 696e 670a 7379 ary operating.sy\n-00001270: 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 2063 6861 696e stems with chain\n-00001280: 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2831 2920 282a 6e6f -loading(1) (*no\n-00001290: 7465 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d 466f 6f74 te Overview-Foot\n-000012a0: 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e 2020 4752 5542 note-1::). GRUB\n-000012b0: 2069 730a 6465 7369 676e 6564 2074 6f20 is.designed to \n-000012c0: 6164 6472 6573 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d70 address the comp\n-000012d0: 6c65 7869 7479 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e lexity of bootin\n-000012e0: 6720 6120 7065 7273 6f6e 616c 2063 6f6d g a personal com\n-000012f0: 7075 7465 723b 2062 6f74 680a 7468 6520 puter; both.the \n-00001300: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 616e 6420 7468 6973 program and this\n-00001310: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6172 6520 7469 6768 manual are tigh\n-00001320: 746c 7920 626f 756e 6420 746f 2074 6861 tly bound to tha\n-00001330: 7420 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2070 6c61 7466 t computer platf\n-00001340: 6f72 6d2c 0a61 6c74 686f 7567 6820 706f orm,.although po\n-00001350: 7274 696e 6720 746f 206f 7468 6572 2070 rting to other p\n-00001360: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 206d 6179 2062 6520 latforms may be \n-00001370: 6164 6472 6573 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 addressed in the\n-00001380: 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e65 future... One\n-00001390: 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d 706f 7274 616e of the importan\n-000013a0: 7420 6665 6174 7572 6573 2069 6e20 4752 t features in GR\n-000013b0: 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 696c 6974 UB is flexibilit\n-000013c0: 793b 2047 5255 420a 756e 6465 7273 7461 y; GRUB.understa\n-000013d0: 6e64 7320 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 nds filesystems \n-000013e0: 616e 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2065 7865 6375 and kernel execu\n-000013f0: 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 732c 2073 table formats, s\n-00001400: 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 0a61 o you can load.a\n-00001410: 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 7920 6f70 6572 n arbitrary oper\n-00001420: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2074 6865 ating system the\n-00001430: 2077 6179 2079 6f75 206c 696b 652c 2077 way you like, w\n-00001440: 6974 686f 7574 2072 6563 6f72 6469 6e67 ithout recording\n-00001450: 2074 6865 0a70 6879 7369 6361 6c20 706f the.physical po\n-00001460: 7369 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 796f 7572 206b sition of your k\n-00001470: 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 6973 ernel on the dis\n-00001480: 6b2e 2020 5468 7573 2079 6f75 2063 616e k. Thus you can\n-00001490: 206c 6f61 6420 7468 650a 6b65 726e 656c load the.kernel\n-000014a0: 206a 7573 7420 6279 2073 7065 6369 6679 just by specify\n-000014b0: 696e 6720 6974 7320 6669 6c65 206e 616d ing its file nam\n-000014c0: 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 e and the drive \n-000014d0: 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 7768 and partition.wh\n-000014e0: 6572 6520 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2072 ere the kernel r\n-000014f0: 6573 6964 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e esides... When\n-00001500: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2077 6974 6820 4752 booting with GR\n-00001510: 5542 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 UB, you can use \n-00001520: 6569 7468 6572 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 either a command\n-00001530: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a -line interface.\n-00001540: 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c (*note Command-l\n-00001550: 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a29 ine interface::)\n-00001560: 2c20 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 , or a menu inte\n-00001570: 7266 6163 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 656e rface (*note Men\n-00001580: 750a 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a29 2e20 u.interface::). \n-00001590: 2055 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 Using the comma\n-000015a0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 nd-line interfac\n-000015b0: 652c 2079 6f75 2074 7970 6520 7468 6520 e, you type the \n-000015c0: 6472 6976 650a 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 drive.specificat\n-000015d0: 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6669 6c65 206e 616d ion and file nam\n-000015e0: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 e of the kernel \n-000015f0: 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 manually. In th\n-00001600: 6520 6d65 6e75 0a69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 e menu.interface\n-00001610: 2c20 796f 7520 6a75 7374 2073 656c 6563 , you just selec\n-00001620: 7420 616e 204f 5320 7573 696e 6720 7468 t an OS using th\n-00001630: 6520 6172 726f 7720 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 e arrow keys. T\n-00001640: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a62 6173 6564 he menu is.based\n-00001650: 206f 6e20 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 on a configurat\n-00001660: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2077 6869 6368 2079 ion file which y\n-00001670: 6f75 2070 7265 7061 7265 2062 6566 6f72 ou prepare befor\n-00001680: 6568 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a43 6f6e ehand (*note.Con\n-00001690: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 figuration::). \n-000016a0: 5768 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e While in the men\n-000016b0: 752c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 7769 7463 u, you can switc\n-000016c0: 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 h to the command\n-000016d0: 2d6c 696e 650a 6d6f 6465 2c20 616e 6420 -line.mode, and \n-000016e0: 7669 6365 2d76 6572 7361 2e20 2059 6f75 vice-versa. You\n-000016f0: 2063 616e 2065 7665 6e20 6564 6974 206d can even edit m\n-00001700: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6265 666f enu entries befo\n-00001710: 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a re using them...\n-00001720: 2020 2049 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 In the follow\n-00001730: 696e 6720 6368 6170 7465 7273 2c20 796f ing chapters, yo\n-00001740: 7520 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 726e 2068 6f77 u will learn how\n-00001750: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 6472 to specify a dr\n-00001760: 6976 652c 2061 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ive, a.partition\n-00001770: 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d , and a file nam\n-00001780: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e 616d 696e 6720 e (*note Naming \n-00001790: 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 746f convention::) to\n-000017a0: 2047 5255 422c 2068 6f77 2074 6f0a 696e GRUB, how to.in\n-000017b0: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 796f stall GRUB on yo\n-000017c0: 7572 2064 7269 7665 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ur drive (*note \n-000017d0: 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c Installation::),\n-000017e0: 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 and how to boot\n-000017f0: 2079 6f75 720a 4f53 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 your.OSes (*not\n-00001800: 6520 426f 6f74 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 7374 e Booting::), st\n-00001810: 6570 2062 7920 7374 6570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ep by step.....F\n-00001820: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00001830: 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d Node: Overview-\n-00001840: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 Footnotes, Up: \n-00001850: 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 Overview.. (1)\n-00001860: 20e2 809c 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 e280 ...chain-load..\n-00001870: 9d20 6973 2074 6865 206d 6563 6861 6e69 . is the mechani\n-00001880: 736d 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2075 sm for loading u\n-00001890: 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 7065 7261 nsupported opera\n-000018a0: 7469 6e67 0a73 7973 7465 6d73 2062 7920 ting.systems by \n-000018b0: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 6f74 6865 7220 loading another \n-000018c0: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4974 boot loader. It\n-000018d0: 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 is typically us\n-000018e0: 6564 2066 6f72 0a6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2044 ed for.loading D\n-000018f0: 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 0a0a OS or Windows...\n-00001900: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00001910: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 o, Node: Histor\n-00001920: 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 616e 6765 y, Next: Change\n-00001930: 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 s from GRUB Lega\n-00001940: 6379 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 7665 7276 cy, Prev: Overv\n-00001950: 6965 772c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 iew, Up: Introd\n-00001960: 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3220 4869 7374 uction..1.2 Hist\n-00001970: 6f72 7920 6f66 2047 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d ory of GRUB.====\n-00001980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00001990: 0a47 5255 4220 6f72 6967 696e 6174 6564 .GRUB originated\n-000019a0: 2069 6e20 3139 3935 2077 6865 6e20 4572 in 1995 when Er\n-000019b0: 6963 6820 426f 6c65 796e 2077 6173 2074 ich Boleyn was t\n-000019c0: 7279 696e 6720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 rying to boot th\n-000019d0: 6520 474e 550a 4875 7264 2077 6974 6820 e GNU.Hurd with \n-000019e0: 7468 6520 556e 6976 6572 7369 7479 206f the University o\n-000019f0: 6620 5574 6168 2773 204d 6163 6820 3420 f Utah's Mach 4 \n-00001a00: 6d69 6372 6f6b 6572 6e65 6c20 286e 6f77 microkernel (now\n-00001a10: 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 474e 550a 4d61 known as GNU.Ma\n-00001a20: 6368 292e 2020 4572 6963 6820 616e 6420 ch). Erich and \n-00001a30: 4272 6961 6e20 466f 7264 2064 6573 6967 Brian Ford desig\n-00001a40: 6e65 6420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ned the Multiboo\n-00001a50: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 t Specification \n-00001a60: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 (*note.Multiboot\n-00001a70: 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 3a20 Specification: \n-00001a80: 286d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2954 6f70 2e29 (multiboot)Top.)\n-00001a90: 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6579 2077 , because they w\n-00001aa0: 6572 6520 6465 7465 726d 696e 6564 0a6e ere determined.n\n-00001ab0: 6f74 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 2074 6865 ot to add to the\n-00001ac0: 206c 6172 6765 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 large number of\n-00001ad0: 206d 7574 7561 6c6c 792d 696e 636f 6d70 mutually-incomp\n-00001ae0: 6174 6962 6c65 2050 4320 626f 6f74 206d atible PC boot m\n-00001af0: 6574 686f 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4572 6963 ethods... Eric\n-00001b00: 6820 7468 656e 2062 6567 616e 206d 6f64 h then began mod\n-00001b10: 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 2046 7265 6542 ifying the FreeB\n-00001b20: 5344 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2073 SD boot loader s\n-00001b30: 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 776f 756c 640a o that it would.\n-00001b40: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 204d 756c 7469 understand Multi\n-00001b50: 626f 6f74 2e20 2048 6520 736f 6f6e 2072 boot. He soon r\n-00001b60: 6561 6c69 7a65 6420 7468 6174 2069 7420 ealized that it \n-00001b70: 776f 756c 6420 6265 2061 206c 6f74 2065 would be a lot e\n-00001b80: 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a77 7269 7465 2068 asier to.write h\n-00001b90: 6973 206f 776e 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 is own boot load\n-00001ba0: 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7363 7261 7463 6820 er from scratch \n-00001bb0: 7468 616e 2074 6f20 6b65 6570 2077 6f72 than to keep wor\n-00001bc0: 6b69 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a 4672 6565 king on the.Free\n-00001bd0: 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c BSD boot loader,\n-00001be0: 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 4752 5542 2077 6173 and so GRUB was\n-00001bf0: 2062 6f72 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2045 7269 6368 born... Erich\n-00001c00: 2061 6464 6564 206d 616e 7920 6665 6174 added many feat\n-00001c10: 7572 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 ures to GRUB, bu\n-00001c20: 7420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 696f 7269 7469 t other prioriti\n-00001c30: 6573 2070 7265 7665 6e74 6564 2068 696d es prevented him\n-00001c40: 0a66 726f 6d20 6b65 6570 696e 6720 7570 .from keeping up\n-00001c50: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6465 6d61 6e64 with the demand\n-00001c60: 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2071 7569 636b 6c79 s of its quickly\n-00001c70: 2d65 7870 616e 6469 6e67 2075 7365 7220 -expanding user \n-00001c80: 6261 7365 2e20 2049 6e0a 3139 3939 2c20 base. In.1999, \n-00001c90: 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b 6569 Gordon Matzigkei\n-00001ca0: 7420 616e 6420 596f 7368 696e 6f72 6920 t and Yoshinori \n-00001cb0: 4b2e 204f 6b75 6a69 2061 646f 7074 6564 K. Okuji adopted\n-00001cc0: 2047 5255 4220 6173 2061 6e0a 6f66 6669 GRUB as an.offi\n-00001cd0: 6369 616c 2047 4e55 2070 6163 6b61 6765 cial GNU package\n-00001ce0: 2c20 616e 6420 6f70 656e 6564 2069 7473 , and opened its\n-00001cf0: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2062 7920 development by \n-00001d00: 6d61 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 206c 6174 6573 making the lates\n-00001d10: 740a 736f 7572 6365 7320 6176 6169 6c61 t.sources availa\n-00001d20: 626c 6520 7669 6120 616e 6f6e 796d 6f75 ble via anonymou\n-00001d30: 7320 4356 532e 202a 4e6f 7465 204f 6274 s CVS. *Note Obt\n-00001d40: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n-00001d50: 696e 670a 4752 5542 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 ing.GRUB::, for \n-00001d60: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e more information\n-00001d70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f76 6572 2074 6865 206e ... Over the n\n-00001d80: 6578 7420 6665 7720 7965 6172 732c 2047 ext few years, G\n-00001d90: 5255 4220 7761 7320 6578 7465 6e64 6564 RUB was extended\n-00001da0: 2074 6f20 6d65 6574 206d 616e 7920 6e65 to meet many ne\n-00001db0: 6564 732c 2062 7574 2069 740a 7175 6963 eds, but it.quic\n-00001dc0: 6b6c 7920 6265 6361 6d65 2063 6c65 6172 kly became clear\n-00001dd0: 2074 6861 7420 6974 7320 6465 7369 676e that its design\n-00001de0: 2077 6173 206e 6f74 206b 6565 7069 6e67 was not keeping\n-00001df0: 2075 7020 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a65 7874 up with the.ext\n-00001e00: 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 6265 696e 6720 6d61 ensions being ma\n-00001e10: 6465 2074 6f20 6974 2c20 616e 6420 7765 de to it, and we\n-00001e20: 2072 6561 6368 6564 2074 6865 2070 6f69 reached the poi\n-00001e30: 6e74 2077 6865 7265 2069 7420 7761 7320 nt where it was \n-00001e40: 7665 7279 0a64 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2074 very.difficult t\n-00001e50: 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 6e79 2066 7572 7468 o make any furth\n-00001e60: 6572 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2077 6974 686f er changes witho\n-00001e70: 7574 2062 7265 616b 696e 6720 6578 6973 ut breaking exis\n-00001e80: 7469 6e67 0a66 6561 7475 7265 732e 2020 ting.features. \n-00001e90: 4172 6f75 6e64 2032 3030 322c 2059 6f73 Around 2002, Yos\n-00001ea0: 6869 6e6f 7269 204b 2e20 4f6b 756a 6920 hinori K. 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6420 6275 696c 6420 4752 5542 n and build GRUB\n+00000dd0: 0a2a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 .* Reporting bug\n+00000de0: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s:: \n+00000df0: 2057 6865 7265 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c Where you shoul\n+00000e00: 6420 7365 6e64 2061 2062 7567 2072 6570 d send a bug rep\n+00000e10: 6f72 740a 2a20 4675 7475 7265 3a3a 2020 ort.* Future:: \n+00000e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000e30: 2020 2020 536f 6d65 2066 7574 7572 6520 Some future \n+00000e40: 706c 616e 7320 6f6e 2047 5255 420a 2a20 plans on GRUB.* \n+00000e50: 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e Copying This Man\n+00000e60: 7561 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f ual:: Co\n+00000e70: 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 pying This Manua\n+00000e80: 6c0a 2a20 496e 6465 783a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 l.* Index::....F\n+00000e90: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00000ea0: 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 Node: Introduct\n+00000eb0: 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e61 6d69 ion, Next: Nami\n+00000ec0: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 ng convention, \n+00000ed0: 5072 6576 3a20 546f 702c 2020 5570 3a20 Prev: Top, Up: \n+00000ee0: 546f 700a 0a31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 Top..1 Introduct\n+00000ef0: 696f 6e20 746f 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a ion to GRUB.****\n+00000f00: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00000f10: 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204f **..* Menu:..* O\n+00000f20: 7665 7276 6965 773a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 verview:: \n+00000f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6861 Wha\n+00000f40: 7420 6578 6163 746c 7920 4752 5542 2069 t exactly GRUB i\n+00000f50: 7320 616e 6420 686f 7720 746f 2075 7365 s and how to use\n+00000f60: 2069 740a 2a20 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a20 it.* History:: \n+00000f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000f80: 2020 2020 4672 6f6d 206d 6167 676f 7420 From maggot \n+00000f90: 746f 2068 6f75 7365 2066 6c79 0a2a 2043 to house fly.* C\n+00000fa0: 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 hanges from GRUB\n+00000fb0: 204c 6567 6163 793a 3a20 2020 2044 6966 Legacy:: Dif\n+00000fc0: 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7072 ferences from pr\n+00000fd0: 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 730a evious versions.\n+00000fe0: 2a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 * Features:: \n+00000ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00001000: 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 2a20 GRUB features.* \n+00001010: 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c Role of a boot l\n+00001020: 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 5468 oader:: Th\n+00001030: 6520 726f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 e role of a boot\n+00001040: 206c 6f61 6465 720a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a loader....File:\n+00001050: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00001060: 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 772c 2020 4e65 e: Overview, Ne\n+00001070: 7874 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 xt: History, Up\n+00001080: 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a : Introduction..\n+00001090: 312e 3120 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a3d 3d3d 1.1 Overview.===\n+000010a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a42 7269 6566 =========..Brief\n+000010b0: 6c79 2c20 6120 e280 9c62 6f6f 7420 6c6f ly, a ...boot lo\n+000010c0: 6164 6572 e280 9d20 6973 2074 6865 2066 ader... is the f\n+000010d0: 6972 7374 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7072 irst software pr\n+000010e0: 6f67 7261 6d20 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 ogram that runs \n+000010f0: 7768 656e 2061 0a63 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 when a.computer \n+00001100: 7374 6172 7473 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2072 starts. It is r\n+00001110: 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 206c esponsible for l\n+00001120: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e64 2074 7261 6e73 oading and trans\n+00001130: 6665 7272 696e 6720 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a ferring control.\n+00001140: 746f 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 to an operating \n+00001150: 7379 7374 656d 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c system ...kernel\n+00001160: e280 9d20 736f 6674 7761 7265 2028 7375 ... software (su\n+00001170: 6368 2061 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 6f72 2047 ch as Linux or G\n+00001180: 4e55 204d 6163 6829 2e0a 5468 6520 6b65 NU Mach)..The ke\n+00001190: 726e 656c 2c20 696e 2074 7572 6e2c 2069 rnel, in turn, i\n+000011a0: 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6573 2074 6865 2072 nitializes the r\n+000011b0: 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206f 7065 7261 est of the opera\n+000011c0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2865 2e67 ting system (e.g\n+000011d0: 2e0a 6120 474e 5520 7379 7374 656d 292e ..a GNU system).\n+000011e0: 0a0a 2020 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6973 .. GNU GRUB is\n+000011f0: 2061 2076 6572 7920 706f 7765 7266 756c a very powerful\n+00001200: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 7768 boot loader, wh\n+00001210: 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 2061 2077 ich can load a w\n+00001220: 6964 650a 7661 7269 6574 7920 6f66 2066 ide.variety of f\n+00001230: 7265 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 ree operating sy\n+00001240: 7374 656d 732c 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 stems, as well a\n+00001250: 7320 7072 6f70 7269 6574 6172 7920 6f70 s proprietary op\n+00001260: 6572 6174 696e 670a 7379 7374 656d 7320 erating.systems \n+00001270: 7769 7468 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 with chain-loadi\n+00001280: 6e67 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 7665 ng(1) (*note Ove\n+00001290: 7276 6965 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 rview-Footnote-1\n+000012a0: 3a3a 292e 2020 4752 5542 2069 730a 6465 ::). GRUB is.de\n+000012b0: 7369 676e 6564 2074 6f20 6164 6472 6573 signed to addres\n+000012c0: 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7869 7479 s the complexity\n+000012d0: 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6120 7065 of booting a pe\n+000012e0: 7273 6f6e 616c 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 723b rsonal computer;\n+000012f0: 2062 6f74 680a 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 both.the progra\n+00001300: 6d20 616e 6420 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 m and this manua\n+00001310: 6c20 6172 6520 7469 6768 746c 7920 626f l are tightly bo\n+00001320: 756e 6420 746f 2074 6861 7420 636f 6d70 und to that comp\n+00001330: 7574 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 0a61 uter platform,.a\n+00001340: 6c74 686f 7567 6820 706f 7274 696e 6720 lthough porting \n+00001350: 746f 206f 7468 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 to other platfor\n+00001360: 6d73 206d 6179 2062 6520 6164 6472 6573 ms may be addres\n+00001370: 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 sed in the futur\n+00001380: 652e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 e... One of th\n+00001390: 6520 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 6665 6174 e important feat\n+000013a0: 7572 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 ures in GRUB is \n+000013b0: 666c 6578 6962 696c 6974 793b 2047 5255 flexibility; GRU\n+000013c0: 420a 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 7320 6669 B.understands fi\n+000013d0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 616e 6420 6b65 lesystems and ke\n+000013e0: 726e 656c 2065 7865 6375 7461 626c 6520 rnel executable \n+000013f0: 666f 726d 6174 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 formats, so you \n+00001400: 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 0a61 6e20 6172 6269 can load.an arbi\n+00001410: 7472 6172 7920 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 trary operating \n+00001420: 7379 7374 656d 2074 6865 2077 6179 2079 system the way y\n+00001430: 6f75 206c 696b 652c 2077 6974 686f 7574 ou like, without\n+00001440: 2072 6563 6f72 6469 6e67 2074 6865 0a70 recording the.p\n+00001450: 6879 7369 6361 6c20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e hysical position\n+00001460: 206f 6620 796f 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 of your kernel \n+00001470: 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 on the disk. Th\n+00001480: 7573 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 us you can load \n+00001490: 7468 650a 6b65 726e 656c 206a 7573 7420 the.kernel just \n+000014a0: 6279 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 6974 by specifying it\n+000014b0: 7320 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 616e 6420 s file name and \n+000014c0: 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 616e 6420 7061 the drive and pa\n+000014d0: 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 7768 6572 6520 7468 rtition.where th\n+000014e0: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2072 6573 6964 6573 e kernel resides\n+000014f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 ... When booti\n+00001500: 6e67 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 2c20 796f ng with GRUB, yo\n+00001510: 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 6569 7468 6572 u can use either\n+00001520: 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 a command-line \n+00001530: 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 interface.(*note\n+00001540: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e Command-line in\n+00001550: 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a29 2c20 6f72 2061 terface::), or a\n+00001560: 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 menu interface \n+00001570: 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 656e 750a 696e 7465 (*note Menu.inte\n+00001580: 7266 6163 653a 3a29 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 rface::). Using\n+00001590: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n+000015a0: 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2079 6f75 e interface, you\n+000015b0: 2074 7970 6520 7468 6520 6472 6976 650a type the drive.\n+000015c0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e specification an\n+000015d0: 6420 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 d file name of t\n+000015e0: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d61 6e75 616c he kernel manual\n+000015f0: 6c79 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 ly. In the menu\n+00001600: 0a69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 796f 7520 .interface, you \n+00001610: 6a75 7374 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e 204f just select an O\n+00001620: 5320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 6172 726f S using the arro\n+00001630: 7720 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 6865 206d 656e w keys. The men\n+00001640: 7520 6973 0a62 6173 6564 206f 6e20 6120 u is.based on a \n+00001650: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+00001660: 6c65 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 2070 7265 le which you pre\n+00001670: 7061 7265 2062 6566 6f72 6568 616e 6420 pare beforehand \n+00001680: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a43 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 (*note.Configura\n+00001690: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 5768 696c 6520 tion::). While \n+000016a0: 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 2079 6f75 in the menu, you\n+000016b0: 2063 616e 2073 7769 7463 6820 746f 2074 can switch to t\n+000016c0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a he command-line.\n+000016d0: 6d6f 6465 2c20 616e 6420 7669 6365 2d76 mode, and vice-v\n+000016e0: 6572 7361 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2065 ersa. You can e\n+000016f0: 7665 6e20 6564 6974 206d 656e 7520 656e ven edit menu en\n+00001700: 7472 6965 7320 6265 666f 7265 2075 7369 tries before usi\n+00001710: 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 ng them... In \n+00001720: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6368 the following ch\n+00001730: 6170 7465 7273 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c apters, you will\n+00001740: 206c 6561 726e 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 learn how to sp\n+00001750: 6563 6966 7920 6120 6472 6976 652c 2061 ecify a drive, a\n+00001760: 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 616e 6420 .partition, and \n+00001770: 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f a file name (*no\n+00001780: 7465 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e te Naming conven\n+00001790: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 746f 2047 5255 422c tion::) to GRUB,\n+000017a0: 2068 6f77 2074 6f0a 696e 7374 616c 6c20 how to.install \n+000017b0: 4752 5542 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 GRUB on your dri\n+000017c0: 7665 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 7374 616c ve (*note Instal\n+000017d0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2068 lation::), and h\n+000017e0: 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 720a ow to boot your.\n+000017f0: 4f53 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426f 6f74 OSes (*note Boot\n+00001800: 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 7374 6570 2062 7920 ing::), step by \n+00001810: 7374 6570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 step.....File: g\n+00001820: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00001830: 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d 466f 6f74 6e6f Overview-Footno\n+00001840: 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4f76 6572 7669 tes, Up: Overvi\n+00001850: 6577 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 20e2 809c 6368 ew.. (1) ...ch\n+00001860: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 e280 9d20 6973 2074 ain-load... is t\n+00001870: 6865 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2066 6f72 he mechanism for\n+00001880: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2075 6e73 7570 706f loading unsuppo\n+00001890: 7274 6564 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 0a73 rted operating.s\n+000018a0: 7973 7465 6d73 2062 7920 6c6f 6164 696e ystems by loadin\n+000018b0: 6720 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 206c g another boot l\n+000018c0: 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7479 oader. 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Erich then\n+00001b00: 2062 6567 616e 206d 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 began modifying\n+00001b10: 2074 6865 2046 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f the FreeBSD boo\n+00001b20: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2073 6f20 7468 6174 t loader so that\n+00001b30: 2069 7420 776f 756c 640a 756e 6465 7273 it would.unders\n+00001b40: 7461 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2e20 tand Multiboot. \n+00001b50: 2048 6520 736f 6f6e 2072 6561 6c69 7a65 He soon realize\n+00001b60: 6420 7468 6174 2069 7420 776f 756c 6420 d that it would \n+00001b70: 6265 2061 206c 6f74 2065 6173 6965 7220 be a lot easier \n+00001b80: 746f 0a77 7269 7465 2068 6973 206f 776e to.write his own\n+00001b90: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2066 726f boot loader fro\n+00001ba0: 6d20 7363 7261 7463 6820 7468 616e 2074 m scratch than t\n+00001bb0: 6f20 6b65 6570 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 206f o keep working o\n+00001bc0: 6e20 7468 650a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f n the.FreeBSD bo\n+00001bd0: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2061 6e64 2073 ot loader, and s\n+00001be0: 6f20 4752 5542 2077 6173 2062 6f72 6e2e o GRUB was born.\n+00001bf0: 0a0a 2020 2045 7269 6368 2061 6464 6564 .. 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Many more \n-000028b0: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2061 7265 file systems are\n-000028c0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2c20 696e 636c supported, incl\n-000028d0: 7564 696e 6720 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 6c69 uding but not li\n-000028e0: 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6578 mited to. ex\n-000028f0: 7434 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 616e 6420 4e54 t4, HFS+, and NT\n-00002900: 4653 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 FS... ... GRUB\n-00002910: 2032 2063 616e 2072 6561 6420 6669 6c65 2 can read file\n-00002920: 7320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 s directly from \n-00002930: 4c56 4d20 616e 6420 5241 4944 2064 6576 LVM and RAID dev\n-00002940: 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4120 ices... ... A \n-00002950: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e graphical termin\n-00002960: 616c 2061 6e64 2061 2067 7261 7068 6963 al and a graphic\n-00002970: 616c 206d 656e 7520 7379 7374 656d 2061 al menu system a\n-00002980: 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 re available... \n-00002990: 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2773 2069 ... GRUB 2's i\n-000029a0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2063 616e 2062 6520 nterface can be \n-000029b0: 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2c20 696e 636c translated, incl\n-000029c0: 7564 696e 6720 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 uding menu entry\n-000029d0: 206e 616d 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 names... ... \n-000029e0: 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 7320 The image files \n-000029f0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6d61 6765 733a 3a29 (*note Images::)\n-00002a00: 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 4752 that make up GR\n-00002a10: 5542 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 0a20 2020 UB have been. \n-00002a20: 2020 7265 6f72 6761 6e69 7365 643b 2053 reorganised; S\n-00002a30: 7461 6765 2031 2c20 5374 6167 6520 312e tage 1, Stage 1.\n-00002a40: 352c 2061 6e64 2053 7461 6765 2032 2061 5, and Stage 2 a\n-00002a50: 7265 206e 6f20 6d6f 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 re no more... \n-00002a60: e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2070 7574 7320 ... GRUB 2 puts \n-00002a70: 6d61 6e79 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 7320 many facilities \n-00002a80: 696e 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 206c in dynamically l\n-00002a90: 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 oaded modules, a\n-00002aa0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 llowing. the\n-00002ab0: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2062 core image to b\n-00002ac0: 6520 736d 616c 6c65 722c 2061 6e64 2061 e smaller, and a\n-00002ad0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 7265 llowing the core\n-00002ae0: 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 image to be. \n-00002af0: 2020 6275 696c 7420 696e 206d 6f72 6520 built in more \n-00002b00: 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2077 6179 732e 0a0a flexible ways...\n-00002b10: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00002b20: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4665 6174 7572 o, Node: Featur\n-00002b30: 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6f6c 6520 es, Next: Role \n-00002b40: 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 of a boot loader\n-00002b50: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 , Prev: Changes\n-00002b60: 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 from GRUB Legac\n-00002b70: 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 y, Up: Introduc\n-00002b80: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3420 4752 5542 2066 tion..1.4 GRUB f\n-00002b90: 6561 7475 7265 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d eatures.========\n-00002ba0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 =========..The p\n-00002bb0: 7269 6d61 7279 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 rimary requireme\n-00002bc0: 6e74 2066 6f72 2047 5255 4220 6973 2074 nt for GRUB is t\n-00002bd0: 6861 7420 6974 2062 6520 636f 6d70 6c69 hat it be compli\n-00002be0: 616e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 0ae2 809c ant with the....\n-00002bf0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 Multiboot Specif\n-00002c00: 6963 6174 696f 6ee2 809d 2c20 7768 6963 ication..., whic\n-00002c10: 6820 6973 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 h is described i\n-00002c20: 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f n *note Multiboo\n-00002c30: 740a 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a t.Specification:\n-00002c40: 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e (multiboot)Top.\n-00002c50: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206f 7468 6572 2067 .. The other g\n-00002c60: 6f61 6c73 2c20 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 oals, listed in \n-00002c70: 6170 7072 6f78 696d 6174 6520 6f72 6465 approximate orde\n-00002c80: 7220 6f66 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e63 652c r of importance,\n-00002c90: 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4261 are:.. ... Ba\n-00002ca0: 7369 6320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6d75 sic functions mu\n-00002cb0: 7374 2062 6520 7374 7261 6967 6874 666f st be straightfo\n-00002cc0: 7277 6172 6420 666f 7220 656e 642d 7573 rward for end-us\n-00002cd0: 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2052 6963 ers... ... Ric\n-00002ce0: 6820 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 h functionality \n-00002cf0: 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 206b 6572 6e65 to support kerne\n-00002d00: 6c20 6578 7065 7274 7320 616e 6420 6465 l experts and de\n-00002d10: 7369 676e 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 signers... ...\n-00002d20: 2042 6163 6b77 6172 6420 636f 6d70 6174 Backward compat\n-00002d30: 6962 696c 6974 7920 666f 7220 626f 6f74 ibility for boot\n-00002d40: 696e 6720 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 ing FreeBSD, Net\n-00002d50: 4253 442c 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2c20 616e BSD, OpenBSD, an\n-00002d60: 640a 2020 2020 204c 696e 7578 2e20 2050 d. Linux. P\n-00002d70: 726f 7072 6965 7461 7279 206b 6572 6e65 roprietary kerne\n-00002d80: 6c73 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 444f 532c ls (such as DOS,\n-00002d90: 2057 696e 646f 7773 204e 542c 2061 6e64 Windows NT, and\n-00002da0: 204f 532f 3229 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 OS/2) are. \n-00002db0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7669 6120 6120 supported via a \n-00002dc0: 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6675 chain-loading fu\n-00002dd0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4578 6365 nction... Exce\n-00002de0: 7074 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 pt for specific \n-00002df0: 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 6d6f compatibility mo\n-00002e00: 6465 7320 2863 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 des (chain-loadi\n-00002e10: 6e67 2061 6e64 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 ng and the Linux\n-00002e20: 0ae2 809c 7069 6767 7962 6163 6be2 809d ....piggyback...\n-00002e30: 2066 6f72 6d61 7429 2c20 616c 6c20 6b65 format), all ke\n-00002e40: 726e 656c 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7374 rnels will be st\n-00002e50: 6172 7465 6420 696e 206d 7563 6820 7468 arted in much th\n-00002e60: 6520 7361 6d65 2073 7461 7465 0a61 7320 e same state.as \n-00002e70: 696e 2074 6865 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 in the Multiboot\n-00002e80: 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 Specification. \n-00002e90: 204f 6e6c 7920 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6c6f Only kernels lo\n-00002ea0: 6164 6564 2061 7420 3120 6d65 6761 6279 aded at 1 megaby\n-00002eb0: 7465 206f 720a 6162 6f76 6520 6172 6520 te or.above are \n-00002ec0: 7072 6573 656e 746c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 presently suppor\n-00002ed0: 7465 642e 2020 416e 7920 6174 7465 6d70 ted. Any attemp\n-00002ee0: 7420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6265 6c6f 7720 t to load below \n-00002ef0: 7468 6174 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 790a 7769 that boundary.wi\n-00002f00: 6c6c 2073 696d 706c 7920 7265 7375 6c74 ll simply result\n-00002f10: 2069 6e20 696d 6d65 6469 6174 6520 6661 in immediate fa\n-00002f20: 696c 7572 6520 616e 6420 616e 2065 7272 ilure and an err\n-00002f30: 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 2072 6570 6f72 or message repor\n-00002f40: 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d ting.the problem\n-00002f50: 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f ... In additio\n-00002f60: 6e20 746f 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 n to the require\n-00002f70: 6d65 6e74 7320 6162 6f76 652c 2047 5255 ments above, GRU\n-00002f80: 4220 6861 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 B has the follow\n-00002f90: 696e 670a 6665 6174 7572 6573 2028 6e6f ing.features (no\n-00002fa0: 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 te that the Mult\n-00002fb0: 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 iboot Specificat\n-00002fc0: 696f 6e20 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7265 7175 ion doesn't requ\n-00002fd0: 6972 6520 616c 6c20 7468 650a 6665 6174 ire all the.feat\n-00002fe0: 7572 6573 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2073 ures that GRUB s\n-00002ff0: 7570 706f 7274 7329 3a0a 0a52 6563 6f67 upports):..Recog\n-00003000: 6e69 7a65 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6578 nize multiple ex\n-00003010: 6563 7574 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 ecutable formats\n-00003020: 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6d61 . Support ma\n-00003030: 6e79 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 9c61 2e6f ny of the ...a.o\n-00003040: 7574 e280 9d20 7661 7269 616e 7473 2070 ut... variants p\n-00003050: 6c75 7320 e280 9c45 4c46 e280 9d2e 2053 lus ...ELF.... S\n-00003060: 796d 626f 6c20 7461 626c 6573 2061 7265 ymbol tables are\n-00003070: 0a20 2020 2020 616c 736f 206c 6f61 6465 . also loade\n-00003080: 642e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e6f 6e2d d...Support non-\n-00003090: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c Multiboot kernel\n-000030a0: 730a 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 206d s. Support m\n-000030b0: 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6172 696f any of the vario\n-000030c0: 7573 2066 7265 6520 3332 2d62 6974 206b us free 32-bit k\n-000030d0: 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 6c61 636b ernels that lack\n-000030e0: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 Multiboot. \n-000030f0: 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 6365 2028 7072 696d compliance (prim\n-00003100: 6172 696c 7920 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e arily FreeBSD, N\n-00003110: 6574 4253 4428 3129 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a etBSD(1) (*note.\n-00003120: 2020 2020 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f Features-Fo\n-00003130: 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292c 204f 7065 otnote-1::), Ope\n-00003140: 6e42 5344 2c20 616e 6420 4c69 6e75 7829 nBSD, and Linux)\n-00003150: 2e20 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 . Chain-loading\n-00003160: 206f 660a 2020 2020 206f 7468 6572 2062 of. other b\n-00003170: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6973 2061 oot loaders is a\n-00003180: 6c73 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 0a0a lso supported...\n-00003190: 4c6f 6164 206d 756c 7469 706c 6573 206d Load multiples m\n-000031a0: 6f64 756c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 4675 6c6c odules. Full\n-000031b0: 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6520 4d75 y support the Mu\n-000031c0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6665 6174 7572 6520 ltiboot feature \n-000031d0: 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206d 756c 7469 of loading multi\n-000031e0: 706c 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 4c6f ple modules...Lo\n-000031f0: 6164 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ad a configurati\n-00003200: 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2053 7570 on file. Sup\n-00003210: 706f 7274 2061 2068 756d 616e 2d72 6561 port a human-rea\n-00003220: 6461 626c 6520 7465 7874 2063 6f6e 6669 dable text confi\n-00003230: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7769 guration file wi\n-00003240: 7468 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 th preset boot. \n-00003250: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 2059 commands. Y\n-00003260: 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 6c6f 6164 ou can also load\n-00003270: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 another configu\n-00003280: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6479 6e61 ration file dyna\n-00003290: 6d69 6361 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 mically. and\n-000032a0: 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2070 7265 7365 7420 embed a preset \n-000032b0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-000032c0: 6c65 2069 6e20 6120 4752 5542 2069 6d61 le in a GRUB ima\n-000032d0: 6765 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 ge file. The. \n-000032e0: 2020 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 list of comma\n-000032f0: 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 nds (*note Comma\n-00003300: 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7570 nds::) are a sup\n-00003310: 6572 7365 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 erset of those. \n-00003320: 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e supported on\n-00003330: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n-00003340: 652e 2020 416e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2063 e. An example c\n-00003350: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00003360: 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f76 6964 e is. provid\n-00003370: 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6e66 ed in *note Conf\n-00003380: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 5072 iguration::...Pr\n-00003390: 6f76 6964 6520 6120 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 ovide a menu int\n-000033a0: 6572 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6d65 erface. A me\n-000033b0: 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 206c 6973 nu interface lis\n-000033c0: 7469 6e67 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 ting preset boot\n-000033d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2077 6974 6820 commands, with \n-000033e0: 6120 7072 6f67 7261 6d6d 6162 6c65 0a20 a programmable. \n-000033f0: 2020 2020 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2069 7320 timeout, is \n-00003400: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6572 available. Ther\n-00003410: 6520 6973 206e 6f20 6669 7865 6420 6c69 e is no fixed li\n-00003420: 6d69 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 mit on the numbe\n-00003430: 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 2065 r of. boot e\n-00003440: 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 ntries, and the \n-00003450: 6375 7272 656e 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e current implemen\n-00003460: 7461 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 2073 7061 6365 tation has space\n-00003470: 2066 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c 0a20 2020 for several. \n-00003480: 2020 6875 6e64 7265 642e 0a0a 4861 7665 hundred...Have\n-00003490: 2061 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d a flexible comm\n-000034a0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n-000034b0: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6661 6972 6c79 ce. A fairly\n-000034c0: 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e flexible comman\n-000034d0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line interface\n-000034e0: 2c20 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2066 726f , accessible fro\n-000034f0: 6d20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c0a 2020 2020 m the menu,. \n-00003500: 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f is available to\n-00003510: 2065 6469 7420 616e 7920 7072 6573 6574 edit any preset\n-00003520: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 206f 7220 7772 commands, or wr\n-00003530: 6974 6520 6120 6e65 7720 626f 6f74 0a20 ite a new boot. \n-00003540: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7365 7420 command set \n-00003550: 6672 6f6d 2073 6372 6174 6368 2e20 2049 from scratch. I\n-00003560: 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 f no configurati\n-00003570: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6973 2070 7265 7365 on file is prese\n-00003580: 6e74 2c0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6472 nt,. GRUB dr\n-00003590: 6f70 7320 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ops to the comma\n-000035a0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 nd-line... T\n-000035b0: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 he list of comma\n-000035c0: 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 nds (*note Comma\n-000035d0: 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7562 nds::) are a sub\n-000035e0: 7365 7420 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 set of those. \n-000035f0: 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 666f 7220 supported for \n-00003600: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-00003610: 6c65 732e 2020 4564 6974 696e 6720 636f les. Editing co\n-00003620: 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 6c6f 7365 6c79 0a20 mmands closely. \n-00003630: 2020 2020 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 7468 resembles th\n-00003640: 6520 4261 7368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c e Bash command-l\n-00003650: 696e 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6173 683a ine (*note Bash:\n-00003660: 2028 6665 6174 7572 6573 2943 6f6d 6d61 (features)Comma\n-00003670: 6e64 204c 696e 650a 2020 2020 2045 6469 nd Line. 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(including rai\n-00003810: 6430 2c20 7261 6964 312c 2072 6169 6431 d0, raid1, raid1\n-00003820: 302c 2067 7a69 7020 616e 6420 6c7a 6f29 0, gzip and lzo)\n-00003830: 2c20 e280 9c63 7069 6fe2 809d 0a20 2020 , ...cpio.... \n-00003840: 2020 286c 6974 746c 652d 2061 6e64 2062 (little- and b\n-00003850: 6967 2d65 6e64 6961 6e20 6269 6e2c 206f ig-endian bin, o\n-00003860: 6463 2061 6e64 206e 6577 6320 7661 7269 dc and newc vari\n-00003870: 616e 7473 292c 20e2 809c 4c69 6e75 780a ants), ...Linux.\n-00003880: 2020 2020 2065 7874 322f 6578 7433 2f65 ext2/ext3/e\n-00003890: 7874 34e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c44 4f53 2046 xt4..., ...DOS F\n-000038a0: 4154 3132 2f46 4154 3136 2f46 4154 3332 AT12/FAT16/FAT32\n-000038b0: e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 6578 4641 54e2 809d ..., ...exFAT...\n-000038c0: 2c20 e280 9c46 3246 53e2 809d 2c20 e280 , ...F2FS..., ..\n-000038d0: 9c48 4653 e280 9d2c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 .HFS...,. ..\n-000038e0: 9c48 4653 2be2 809d 2c20 e280 9c49 534f .HFS+..., ...ISO\n-000038f0: 3936 3630 e280 9d20 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 9660... 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(includi\n-00003a40: 6e67 206c 7a6a 622c 2067 7a69 702c 207a ng lzjb, gzip, z\n-00003a50: 6c65 2c20 6d69 7272 6f72 2c20 7374 7269 le, mirror, stri\n-00003a60: 7065 2c20 7261 6964 7a31 2f32 2f33 0a20 pe, raidz1/2/3. \n-00003a70: 2020 2020 616e 6420 656e 6372 7970 7469 and encrypti\n-00003a80: 6f6e 2069 6e20 4145 532d 4343 4d20 616e on in AES-CCM an\n-00003a90: 6420 4145 532d 4743 4d29 2e20 2a4e 6f74 d AES-GCM). *Not\n-00003aa0: 6520 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 3a3a 2c20 e Filesystem::, \n-00003ab0: 666f 720a 2020 2020 206d 6f72 6520 696e for. more in\n-00003ac0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5375 7070 formation...Supp\n-00003ad0: 6f72 7420 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 6465 ort automatic de\n-00003ae0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 compression. \n-00003af0: 2043 616e 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 Can decompress \n-00003b00: 6669 6c65 7320 7768 6963 6820 7765 7265 files which were\n-00003b10: 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6420 6279 20e2 compressed by .\n-00003b20: 8098 677a 6970 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 ..gzip... or ...\n-00003b30: 787a e280 9928 3229 0a20 2020 2020 282a xz...(2). (*\n-00003b40: 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f note Features-Fo\n-00003b50: 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d32 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 otnote-2::). Th\n-00003b60: 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2062 is function is b\n-00003b70: 6f74 6820 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6320 616e oth automatic an\n-00003b80: 640a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 7061 7265 d. transpare\n-00003b90: 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7573 6572 2028 nt to the user (\n-00003ba0: 692e 652e 2020 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 i.e. all functi\n-00003bb0: 6f6e 7320 6f70 6572 6174 6520 7570 6f6e ons operate upon\n-00003bc0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 756e 636f 6d70 the. uncomp\n-00003bd0: 7265 7373 6564 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 ressed contents \n-00003be0: 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 of the specified\n-00003bf0: 2066 696c 6573 292e 2020 5468 6973 2067 files). This g\n-00003c00: 7265 6174 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6475 reatly. redu\n-00003c10: 6365 7320 6120 6669 6c65 2073 697a 6520 ces a file size \n-00003c20: 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7469 6d65 and loading time\n-00003c30: 2c20 6120 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 , a particularly\n-00003c40: 2067 7265 6174 2062 656e 6566 6974 0a20 great benefit. \n-00003c50: 2020 2020 666f 7220 666c 6f70 7069 6573 for floppies\n-00003c60: 2e28 3329 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 .(3) (*note Fea\n-00003c70: 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d33 tures-Footnote-3\n-00003c80: 3a3a 290a 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 ::).. It is \n-00003c90: 636f 6e63 6569 7661 626c 6520 7468 6174 conceivable that\n-00003ca0: 2073 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 some kernel mod\n-00003cb0: 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 206c ules should be l\n-00003cc0: 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 oaded in a. \n-00003cd0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2073 7461 7465 compressed state\n-00003ce0: 2c20 736f 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 , so a different\n-00003cf0: 206d 6f64 756c 652d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 module-loading \n-00003d00: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 0a20 command can be. \n-00003d10: 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f specified to\n-00003d20: 2061 766f 6964 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 avoid uncompres\n-00003d30: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 sing the modules\n-00003d40: 2e0a 0a41 6363 6573 7320 6461 7461 206f ...Access data o\n-00003d50: 6e20 616e 7920 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 n any installed \n-00003d60: 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 device. Supp\n-00003d70: 6f72 7420 7265 6164 696e 6720 6461 7461 ort reading data\n-00003d80: 2066 726f 6d20 616e 7920 6f72 2061 6c6c from any or all\n-00003d90: 2066 6c6f 7070 6965 7320 6f72 2068 6172 floppies or har\n-00003da0: 6420 6469 736b 2873 290a 2020 2020 2072 d disk(s). r\n-00003db0: 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 6279 2074 6865 ecognized by the\n-00003dc0: 2042 494f 532c 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 BIOS, independe\n-00003dd0: 6e74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7365 7474 696e nt of the settin\n-00003de0: 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 g of the root. \n-00003df0: 2020 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 4265 2069 device...Be i\n-00003e00: 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 6472 ndependent of dr\n-00003e10: 6976 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 2074 7261 ive geometry tra\n-00003e20: 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2055 nslations. U\n-00003e30: 6e6c 696b 6520 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 nlike many other\n-00003e40: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 732c 2047 boot loaders, G\n-00003e50: 5255 4220 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7061 RUB makes the pa\n-00003e60: 7274 6963 756c 6172 2064 7269 7665 0a20 rticular drive. \n-00003e70: 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 translation \n-00003e80: 6972 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 2e20 2041 2064 irrelevant. A d\n-00003e90: 7269 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 rive installed a\n-00003ea0: 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2077 6974 6820 nd running with \n-00003eb0: 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 one. transla\n-00003ec0: 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 636f 6e76 tion may be conv\n-00003ed0: 6572 7465 6420 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 erted to another\n-00003ee0: 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 translation wit\n-00003ef0: 686f 7574 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 6164 hout any. ad\n-00003f00: 7665 7273 6520 6566 6665 6374 7320 6f72 verse effects or\n-00003f10: 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 changes in GRUB\n-00003f20: 2773 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 's configuration\n-00003f30: 2e0a 0a44 6574 6563 7420 616c 6c20 696e ...Detect all in\n-00003f40: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 5241 4d0a 2020 2020 stalled RAM. \n-00003f50: 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 GRUB can genera\n-00003f60: 6c6c 7920 6669 6e64 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 lly find all the\n-00003f70: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2052 414d 206f installed RAM o\n-00003f80: 6e20 6120 5043 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c n a PC-compatibl\n-00003f90: 650a 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e20 e. machine. \n-00003fa0: 2049 7420 7573 6573 2061 6e20 6164 7661 It uses an adva\n-00003fb0: 6e63 6564 2042 494f 5320 7175 6572 7920 nced BIOS query \n-00003fc0: 7465 6368 6e69 7175 6520 666f 7220 6669 technique for fi\n-00003fd0: 6e64 696e 6720 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 206d nding all. m\n-00003fe0: 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 732e 2020 emory regions. \n-00003ff0: 4173 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 206f 6e20 As described on \n-00004000: 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 the Multiboot Sp\n-00004010: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f ecification (*no\n-00004020: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f te. Multiboo\n-00004030: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a t Specification:\n-00004040: 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e (multiboot)Top.\n-00004050: 292c 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 206b 6572 6e65 ), not all kerne\n-00004060: 6c73 206d 616b 6520 7573 650a 2020 2020 ls make use. \n-00004070: 206f 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 of this informa\n-00004080: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6275 7420 4752 5542 2070 tion, but GRUB p\n-00004090: 726f 7669 6465 7320 6974 2066 6f72 2074 rovides it for t\n-000040a0: 686f 7365 2077 686f 2064 6f2e 0a0a 5375 hose who do...Su\n-000040b0: 7070 6f72 7420 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c pport Logical Bl\n-000040c0: 6f63 6b20 4164 6472 6573 7320 6d6f 6465 ock Address mode\n-000040d0: 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2074 7261 6469 7469 . In traditi\n-000040e0: 6f6e 616c 2064 6973 6b20 6361 6c6c 7320 onal disk calls \n-000040f0: 2863 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9c43 4853 206d (called ...CHS m\n-00004100: 6f64 65e2 809d 292c 2074 6865 7265 2069 ode...), there i\n-00004110: 7320 6120 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 0a20 2020 s a geometry. \n-00004120: 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 7072 translation pr\n-00004130: 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 oblem, that is, \n-00004140: 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 the BIOS cannot \n-00004150: 6163 6365 7373 206f 7665 7220 3130 3234 access over 1024\n-00004160: 0a20 2020 2020 6379 6c69 6e64 6572 732c . cylinders,\n-00004170: 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 so the accessib\n-00004180: 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 le space is limi\n-00004190: 7465 6420 746f 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 ted to at least \n-000041a0: 3530 3820 4d42 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 508 MB. and \n-000041b0: 746f 2061 7420 6d6f 7374 2038 4742 2e20 to at most 8GB. \n-000041c0: 4752 5542 2063 616e 2774 2075 6e69 7665 GRUB can't unive\n-000041d0: 7273 616c 6c79 2073 6f6c 7665 2074 6869 rsally solve thi\n-000041e0: 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2061 730a 2020 s problem, as. \n-000041f0: 2020 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2073 there is no s\n-00004200: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7465 7266 6163 tandard interfac\n-00004210: 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 6d61 e used in all ma\n-00004220: 6368 696e 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 chines. However\n-00004230: 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6576 6572 616c 206e ,. several n\n-00004240: 6577 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 7320 6861 ewer machines ha\n-00004250: 7665 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e74 6572 ve the new inter\n-00004260: 6661 6365 2c20 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c face, Logical Bl\n-00004270: 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 ock. Address\n-00004280: 2028 e280 9c4c 4241 e280 9d29 206d 6f64 (...LBA...) mod\n-00004290: 652e 2020 4752 5542 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 e. GRUB automat\n-000042a0: 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7473 2069 ically detects i\n-000042b0: 6620 4c42 4120 6d6f 6465 2069 730a 2020 f LBA mode is. \n-000042c0: 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 available and\n-000042d0: 2075 7365 7320 6974 2069 6620 6176 6169 uses it if avai\n-000042e0: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 496e 204c 4241 206d lable. In LBA m\n-000042f0: 6f64 652c 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6163 ode, GRUB can ac\n-00004300: 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e cess. the en\n-00004310: 7469 7265 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 5375 7070 tire disk...Supp\n-00004320: 6f72 7420 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 ort network boot\n-00004330: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 ing. GRUB is\n-00004340: 2062 6173 6963 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6973 basically a dis\n-00004350: 6b2d 6261 7365 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 k-based boot loa\n-00004360: 6465 7220 6275 7420 616c 736f 2068 6173 der but also has\n-00004370: 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7375 network. su\n-00004380: 7070 6f72 742e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 pport. You can \n-00004390: 6c6f 6164 204f 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 load OS images f\n-000043a0: 726f 6d20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6279 rom a network by\n-000043b0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 809c 5446 using the ...TF\n-000043c0: 5450 e280 9d0a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f TP.... proto\n-000043d0: 636f 6c2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 col...Support re\n-000043e0: 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a20 mote terminals. \n-000043f0: 2020 2020 546f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2063 To support c\n-00004400: 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f omputers with no\n-00004410: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2070 console, GRUB p\n-00004420: 726f 7669 6465 7320 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 rovides remote t\n-00004430: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 erminal. sup\n-00004440: 706f 7274 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 796f port, so that yo\n-00004450: 7520 6361 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 4752 u can control GR\n-00004460: 5542 2066 726f 6d20 6120 7265 6d6f 7465 UB from a remote\n-00004470: 2068 6f73 742e 2020 4f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 host. Only. \n-00004480: 2020 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 serial termina\n-00004490: 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2069 6d70 l support is imp\n-000044a0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 lemented at the \n-000044b0: 6d6f 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a moment.....File:\n-000044c0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000044d0: 653a 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 e: Features-Foot\n-000044e0: 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4665 6174 notes, Up: Feat\n-000044f0: 7572 6573 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 ures.. (1) The\n-00004500: 204e 6574 4253 442f 6933 3836 206b 6572 NetBSD/i386 ker\n-00004510: 6e65 6c20 6973 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 nel is Multiboot\n-00004520: 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 -compliant, but \n-00004530: 6c61 636b 7320 7375 7070 6f72 740a 666f lacks support.fo\n-00004540: 7220 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 r Multiboot modu\n-00004550: 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2028 3229 204f 6e6c les... (2) Onl\n-00004560: 7920 4352 4333 3220 6461 7461 2069 6e74 y CRC32 data int\n-00004570: 6567 7269 7479 2063 6865 636b 2069 7320 egrity check is \n-00004580: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 2878 7a20 6465 supported (xz de\n-00004590: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2043 5243 3634 0a73 fault is CRC64.s\n-000045a0: 6f20 6f6e 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 o one should use\n-000045b0: 202d 6368 6563 6b3d 6372 6333 3220 6f70 -check=crc32 op\n-000045c0: 7469 6f6e 292e 2020 4c5a 4d41 2042 434a tion). LZMA BCJ\n-000045d0: 2066 696c 7465 7273 2061 7265 2073 7570 filters are sup\n-000045e0: 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2833 2920 ported... (3) \n-000045f0: 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6120 6665 7720 There are a few \n-00004600: 7061 7468 6f6c 6f67 6963 616c 2063 6173 pathological cas\n-00004610: 6573 2077 6865 7265 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 es where loading\n-00004620: 2061 2076 6572 7920 6261 646c 790a 6f72 a very badly.or\n-00004630: 6761 6e69 7a65 6420 454c 4620 6b65 726e ganized ELF kern\n-00004640: 656c 206d 6967 6874 2074 616b 6520 6c6f el might take lo\n-00004650: 6e67 6572 2c20 6275 7420 696e 2070 7261 nger, but in pra\n-00004660: 6374 6963 6520 7468 6973 206e 6576 6572 ctice this never\n-00004670: 0a68 6170 7065 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 .happen.....File\n-00004680: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00004690: 6465 3a20 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f de: Role of a bo\n-000046a0: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 5072 6576 ot loader, Prev\n-000046b0: 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a : Features, Up:\n-000046c0: 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 0a31 Introduction..1\n-000046d0: 2e35 2054 6865 2072 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 .5 The role of a\n-000046e0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a3d 3d3d boot loader.===\n+000021d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 =========..GRUB \n+000021e0: 3220 6973 2061 2072 6577 7269 7465 206f 2 is a rewrite o\n+000021f0: 6620 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4869 f GRUB (*note Hi\n+00002200: 7374 6f72 793a 3a29 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 story::), althou\n+00002210: 6768 2069 7420 7368 6172 6573 206d 616e gh it shares man\n+00002220: 790a 6368 6172 6163 7465 7269 7374 6963 y.characteristic\n+00002230: 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 2070 7265 7669 s with the previ\n+00002240: 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e2c 206e 6f77 ous version, now\n+00002250: 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 4752 5542 204c known as GRUB L\n+00002260: 6567 6163 792e 0a55 7365 7273 206f 6620 egacy..Users of \n+00002270: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 6d61 7920 GRUB Legacy may \n+00002280: 6e65 6564 2073 6f6d 6520 6775 6964 616e need some guidan\n+00002290: 6365 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6972 ce to find their\n+000022a0: 2077 6179 2061 726f 756e 640a 7468 6973 way around.this\n+000022b0: 206e 6577 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 new version... \n+000022c0: 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 ... The config\n+000022d0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2068 6173 uration file has\n+000022e0: 2061 206e 6577 206e 616d 6520 28e2 8098 a new name (...\n+000022f0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 7261 7468 grub.cfg... rath\n+00002300: 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 er than. ...\n+00002310: 6d65 6e75 2e6c 7374 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 menu.lst... or .\n+00002320: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6f6e 66e2 8099 292c ..grub.conf...),\n+00002330: 206e 6577 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f new syntax (*no\n+00002340: 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e te Configuration\n+00002350: 3a3a 2920 616e 640a 2020 2020 206d 616e ::) and. man\n+00002360: 7920 6e65 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 y new commands (\n+00002370: 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a *note Commands::\n+00002380: 292e 2020 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ). Configuratio\n+00002390: 6e20 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 650a 2020 2020 n cannot be. \n+000023a0: 2063 6f70 6965 6420 6f76 6572 2064 6972 copied over dir\n+000023b0: 6563 746c 792c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 ectly, although \n+000023c0: 6d6f 7374 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 most GRUB Legacy\n+000023d0: 2075 7365 7273 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f users should no\n+000023e0: 740a 2020 2020 2066 696e 6420 7468 6520 t. find the \n+000023f0: 7379 6e74 6178 2074 6f6f 2073 7572 7072 syntax too surpr\n+00002400: 6973 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ising... ... .\n+00002410: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 6973 ..grub.cfg... is\n+00002420: 2074 7970 6963 616c 6c79 2061 7574 6f6d typically autom\n+00002430: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2067 656e 6572 6174 atically generat\n+00002440: 6564 2062 7920 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ed by ...grub-mk\n+00002450: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 config.... (\n+00002460: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e *note Simple con\n+00002470: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 figuration::). \n+00002480: 5468 6973 206d 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 This makes it ea\n+00002490: 7369 6572 2074 6f20 6861 6e64 6c65 0a20 sier to handle. \n+000024a0: 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 versioned ke\n+000024b0: 726e 656c 2075 7067 7261 6465 732e 0a0a rnel upgrades...\n+000024c0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ... Partition\n+000024d0: 206e 756d 6265 7273 2069 6e20 4752 5542 numbers in GRUB\n+000024e0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6e6f device names no\n+000024f0: 7720 7374 6172 7420 6174 2031 2c20 6e6f w start at 1, no\n+00002500: 7420 3020 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 t 0 (*note. \n+00002510: 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f Naming conventio\n+00002520: 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 n::)... ... Th\n+00002530: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 e configuration \n+00002540: 6669 6c65 2069 7320 6e6f 7720 7772 6974 file is now writ\n+00002550: 7465 6e20 696e 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 ten in something\n+00002560: 2063 6c6f 7365 7220 746f 2061 2066 756c closer to a ful\n+00002570: 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 l. scripting\n+00002580: 206c 616e 6775 6167 653a 2076 6172 6961 language: varia\n+00002590: 626c 6573 2c20 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e61 bles, conditiona\n+000025a0: 6c73 2c20 616e 6420 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 ls, and loops ar\n+000025b0: 650a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 e. available\n+000025c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4120 736d 616c ... ... 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This is \n+00002680: 6e6f 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e not available in\n+00002690: 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 all. config\n+000026a0: 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 urations (*note \n+000026b0: 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 Environment bloc\n+000026c0: 6b3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 k::)... ... GR\n+000026d0: 5542 2032 2068 6173 206d 6f72 6520 7265 UB 2 has more re\n+000026e0: 6c69 6162 6c65 2077 6179 7320 746f 2066 liable ways to f\n+000026f0: 696e 6420 6974 7320 6f77 6e20 6669 6c65 ind its own file\n+00002700: 7320 616e 6420 7468 6f73 6520 6f66 0a20 s and those of. \n+00002710: 2020 2020 7461 7267 6574 206b 6572 6e65 target kerne\n+00002720: 6c73 206f 6e20 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2d64 ls on multiple-d\n+00002730: 6973 6b20 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 isk systems, and\n+00002740: 2068 6173 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a has commands (*\n+00002750: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 note. search\n+00002760: 3a3a 2920 746f 2066 696e 6420 6465 7669 ::) to find devi\n+00002770: 6365 7320 7573 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 ces using file s\n+00002780: 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 6c73 206f 7220 ystem labels or \n+00002790: 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 Universally. \n+000027a0: 2055 6e69 7175 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 Unique Identifi\n+000027b0: 6572 7320 2855 5549 4473 292e 0a0a 2020 ers (UUIDs)... \n+000027c0: 20e2 80a2 2047 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 ... 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The im\n+000029e0: 6167 6520 6669 6c65 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 age files (*note\n+000029f0: 2049 6d61 6765 733a 3a29 2074 6861 7420 Images::) that \n+00002a00: 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 4752 5542 2068 6176 make up GRUB hav\n+00002a10: 6520 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6f72 e been. reor\n+00002a20: 6761 6e69 7365 643b 2053 7461 6765 2031 ganised; Stage 1\n+00002a30: 2c20 5374 6167 6520 312e 352c 2061 6e64 , Stage 1.5, and\n+00002a40: 2053 7461 6765 2032 2061 7265 206e 6f20 Stage 2 are no \n+00002a50: 6d6f 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 more... ... GR\n+00002a60: 5542 2032 2070 7574 7320 6d61 6e79 2066 UB 2 puts many f\n+00002a70: 6163 696c 6974 6965 7320 696e 2064 796e acilities in dyn\n+00002a80: 616d 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 amically loaded \n+00002a90: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e modules, allowin\n+00002aa0: 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 g. the core \n+00002ab0: 696d 6167 6520 746f 2062 6520 736d 616c image to be smal\n+00002ac0: 6c65 722c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e ler, and allowin\n+00002ad0: 6720 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 g the core image\n+00002ae0: 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6275 696c to be. buil\n+00002af0: 7420 696e 206d 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 t in more flexib\n+00002b00: 6c65 2077 6179 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 le ways.....File\n+00002b10: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00002b20: 6465 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e de: Features, N\n+00002b30: 6578 743a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 ext: Role of a b\n+00002b40: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 2050 7265 oot loader, Pre\n+00002b50: 763a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 v: Changes from \n+00002b60: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c 2020 5570 GRUB Legacy, Up\n+00002b70: 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a : Introduction..\n+00002b80: 312e 3420 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 1.4 GRUB feature\n+00002b90: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n+00002ba0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 7269 6d61 7279 ===..The primary\n+00002bb0: 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 2066 6f72 requirement for\n+00002bc0: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2074 6861 7420 6974 GRUB is that it\n+00002bd0: 2062 6520 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 7769 be compliant wi\n+00002be0: 7468 2074 6865 0ae2 809c 4d75 6c74 6962 th the....Multib\n+00002bf0: 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f oot Specificatio\n+00002c00: 6ee2 809d 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2064 n..., which is d\n+00002c10: 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 escribed in *not\n+00002c20: 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a 5370 6563 e Multiboot.Spec\n+00002c30: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 ification: (mult\n+00002c40: 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 0a0a 2020 2054 iboot)Top... T\n+00002c50: 6865 206f 7468 6572 2067 6f61 6c73 2c20 he other goals, \n+00002c60: 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 6170 7072 6f78 listed in approx\n+00002c70: 696d 6174 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2069 imate order of i\n+00002c80: 6d70 6f72 7461 6e63 652c 2061 7265 3a0a mportance, are:.\n+00002c90: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4261 7369 6320 6675 . ... Basic fu\n+00002ca0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 nctions must be \n+00002cb0: 7374 7261 6967 6874 666f 7277 6172 6420 straightforward \n+00002cc0: 666f 7220 656e 642d 7573 6572 732e 0a0a for end-users...\n+00002cd0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2052 6963 6820 6675 6e63 ... Rich func\n+00002ce0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 746f 2073 7570 tionality to sup\n+00002cf0: 706f 7274 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6578 7065 port kernel expe\n+00002d00: 7274 7320 616e 6420 6465 7369 676e 6572 rts and designer\n+00002d10: 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2042 6163 6b77 s... ... 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Only \n+00002e90: 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 kernels loaded a\n+00002ea0: 7420 3120 6d65 6761 6279 7465 206f 720a t 1 megabyte or.\n+00002eb0: 6162 6f76 6520 6172 6520 7072 6573 656e above are presen\n+00002ec0: 746c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 2020 tly supported. \n+00002ed0: 416e 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c Any attempt to l\n+00002ee0: 6f61 6420 6265 6c6f 7720 7468 6174 2062 oad below that b\n+00002ef0: 6f75 6e64 6172 790a 7769 6c6c 2073 696d oundary.will sim\n+00002f00: 706c 7920 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 696d ply result in im\n+00002f10: 6d65 6469 6174 6520 6661 696c 7572 6520 mediate failure \n+00002f20: 616e 6420 616e 2065 7272 6f72 206d 6573 and an error mes\n+00002f30: 7361 6765 2072 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 0a74 sage reporting.t\n+00002f40: 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 he problem... \n+00002f50: 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 In addition to t\n+00002f60: 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 he requirements \n+00002f70: 6162 6f76 652c 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 above, GRUB has \n+00002f80: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 6665 the following.fe\n+00002f90: 6174 7572 6573 2028 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 atures (note tha\n+00002fa0: 7420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 t the Multiboot \n+00002fb0: 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 646f Specification do\n+00002fc0: 6573 6e27 7420 7265 7175 6972 6520 616c esn't require al\n+00002fd0: 6c20 7468 650a 6665 6174 7572 6573 2074 l the.features t\n+00002fe0: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 hat GRUB support\n+00002ff0: 7329 3a0a 0a52 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 206d s):..Recognize m\n+00003000: 756c 7469 706c 6520 6578 6563 7574 6162 ultiple executab\n+00003010: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 0a20 2020 2020 le formats. \n+00003020: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6d61 6e79 206f 6620 Support many of \n+00003030: 7468 6520 e280 9c61 2e6f 7574 e280 9d20 the ...a.out... \n+00003040: 7661 7269 616e 7473 2070 6c75 7320 e280 variants plus ..\n+00003050: 9c45 4c46 e280 9d2e 2053 796d 626f 6c20 .ELF.... Symbol \n+00003060: 7461 626c 6573 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 tables are. \n+00003070: 616c 736f 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a 5375 also loaded...Su\n+00003080: 7070 6f72 7420 6e6f 6e2d 4d75 6c74 6962 pport non-Multib\n+00003090: 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 730a 2020 2020 oot kernels. \n+000030a0: 2053 7570 706f 7274 206d 616e 7920 6f66 Support many of\n+000030b0: 2074 6865 2076 6172 696f 7573 2066 7265 the various fre\n+000030c0: 6520 3332 2d62 6974 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 e 32-bit kernels\n+000030d0: 2074 6861 7420 6c61 636b 204d 756c 7469 that lack Multi\n+000030e0: 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6c69 boot. compli\n+000030f0: 616e 6365 2028 7072 696d 6172 696c 7920 ance (primarily \n+00003100: 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 4428 FreeBSD, NetBSD(\n+00003110: 3129 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2046 1) (*note. 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Fully supp\n+000031b0: 6f72 7420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ort the Multiboo\n+000031c0: 7420 6665 6174 7572 6520 6f66 206c 6f61 t feature of loa\n+000031d0: 6469 6e67 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6d6f ding multiple mo\n+000031e0: 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 4c6f 6164 2061 2063 dules...Load a c\n+000031f0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00003200: 650a 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 2061 e. Support a\n+00003210: 2068 756d 616e 2d72 6561 6461 626c 6520 human-readable \n+00003220: 7465 7874 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 text configurati\n+00003230: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7769 7468 2070 7265 on file with pre\n+00003240: 7365 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 636f set boot. co\n+00003250: 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e mmands. You can\n+00003260: 2061 6c73 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 also load anoth\n+00003270: 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e er configuration\n+00003280: 2066 696c 6520 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c file dynamicall\n+00003290: 790a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 y. and embed\n+000032a0: 2061 2070 7265 7365 7420 636f 6e66 6967 a preset config\n+000032b0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 uration file in \n+000032c0: 6120 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c a GRUB image fil\n+000032d0: 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 206c 6973 e. The. lis\n+000032e0: 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a t of commands (*\n+000032f0: 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 note Commands::)\n+00003300: 2061 7265 2061 2073 7570 6572 7365 7420 are a superset \n+00003310: 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7375 of those. su\n+00003320: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 pported on the c\n+00003330: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 2020 416e ommand-line. An\n+00003340: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 example configu\n+00003350: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6973 0a20 ration file is. \n+00003360: 2020 2020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2069 6e20 provided in \n+00003370: 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 *note Configurat\n+00003380: 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 5072 6f76 6964 6520 ion::...Provide \n+00003390: 6120 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 a menu interface\n+000033a0: 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 . A menu int\n+000033b0: 6572 6661 6365 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2070 erface listing p\n+000033c0: 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 6d61 reset boot comma\n+000033d0: 6e64 732c 2077 6974 6820 6120 7072 6f67 nds, with a prog\n+000033e0: 7261 6d6d 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7469 rammable. ti\n+000033f0: 6d65 6f75 742c 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 meout, is availa\n+00003400: 626c 652e 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 206e ble. There is n\n+00003410: 6f20 6669 7865 6420 6c69 6d69 7420 6f6e o fixed limit on\n+00003420: 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 0a20 the number of. \n+00003430: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 6573 boot entries\n+00003440: 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e , and the curren\n+00003450: 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e t implementation\n+00003460: 2068 6173 2073 7061 6365 2066 6f72 2073 has space for s\n+00003470: 6576 6572 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6875 6e64 everal. hund\n+00003480: 7265 642e 0a0a 4861 7665 2061 2066 6c65 red...Have a fle\n+00003490: 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 xible command-li\n+000034a0: 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a20 2020 ne interface. \n+000034b0: 2020 4120 6661 6972 6c79 2066 6c65 7869 A fairly flexi\n+000034c0: 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 ble command-line\n+000034d0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 6163 6365 interface, acce\n+000034e0: 7373 6962 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 ssible from the \n+000034f0: 6d65 6e75 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6176 menu,. is av\n+00003500: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2065 6469 7420 ailable to edit \n+00003510: 616e 7920 7072 6573 6574 2063 6f6d 6d61 any preset comma\n+00003520: 6e64 732c 206f 7220 7772 6974 6520 6120 nds, or write a \n+00003530: 6e65 7720 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 636f new boot. co\n+00003540: 6d6d 616e 6420 7365 7420 6672 6f6d 2073 mmand set from s\n+00003550: 6372 6174 6368 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 cratch. If no c\n+00003560: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00003570: 6520 6973 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2c0a 2020 e is present,. \n+00003580: 2020 2047 5255 4220 6472 6f70 7320 746f GRUB drops to\n+00003590: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n+000035a0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 e... The lis\n+000035b0: 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a t of commands (*\n+000035c0: 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 note Commands::)\n+000035d0: 2061 7265 2061 2073 7562 7365 7420 6f66 are a subset of\n+000035e0: 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 those. supp\n+000035f0: 6f72 7465 6420 666f 7220 636f 6e66 6967 orted for config\n+00003600: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e 2020 uration files. \n+00003610: 4564 6974 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 Editing commands\n+00003620: 2063 6c6f 7365 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7265 closely. re\n+00003630: 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 7468 6520 4261 7368 sembles the Bash\n+00003640: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 282a command-line (*\n+00003650: 6e6f 7465 2042 6173 683a 2028 6665 6174 note Bash: (feat\n+00003660: 7572 6573 2943 6f6d 6d61 6e64 204c 696e ures)Command Lin\n+00003670: 650a 2020 2020 2045 6469 7469 6e67 2e29 e. 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(inc\n+00003800: 6c75 6469 6e67 2072 6169 6430 2c20 7261 luding raid0, ra\n+00003810: 6964 312c 2072 6169 6431 302c 2067 7a69 id1, raid10, gzi\n+00003820: 7020 616e 6420 6c7a 6f29 2c20 e280 9c63 p and lzo), ...c\n+00003830: 7069 6fe2 809d 0a20 2020 2020 286c 6974 pio.... 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(including Jol\n+00003900: 6965 742c 2052 6f63 6b2d 7269 6467 6520 iet, Rock-ridge \n+00003910: 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 692d 6368 756e 6b0a and multi-chunk.\n+00003920: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 292c 20e2 809c files), ...\n+00003930: 4a46 53e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c4d 696e 6978 JFS..., ...Minix\n+00003940: 2066 73e2 809d 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e73 fs... (versions\n+00003950: 2031 2c20 3220 616e 6420 3329 2c20 e280 1, 2 and 3), ..\n+00003960: 9c6e 696c 6673 32e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c4e .nilfs2..., ...N\n+00003970: 5446 53e2 809d 0a20 2020 2020 2869 6e63 TFS.... (inc\n+00003980: 6c75 6469 6e67 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 luding compressi\n+00003990: 6f6e 292c 20e2 809c 5265 6973 6572 4653 on), ...ReiserFS\n+000039a0: e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 524f 4d46 53e2 809d ..., ...ROMFS...\n+000039b0: 2c20 e280 9c41 6d69 6761 2053 6d61 7274 , ...Amiga Smart\n+000039c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4669 6c65 5379 7374 656d . FileSystem\n+000039d0: 2028 5346 5329 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 5371 (SFS)..., ...Sq\n+000039e0: 7561 7368 34e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c74 6172 uash4..., ...tar\n+000039f0: e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 5544 46e2 809d 2c20 ..., ...UDF..., \n+00003a00: e280 9c42 5344 2055 4653 2f55 4653 32e2 ...BSD UFS/UFS2.\n+00003a10: 809d 2c20 e280 9c58 4653 e280 9d2c 0a20 .., ...XFS...,. \n+00003a20: 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 9c5a 4653 e280 and ...ZFS..\n+00003a30: 9d20 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 206c 7a6a . (including lzj\n+00003a40: 622c 2067 7a69 702c 207a 6c65 2c20 6d69 b, gzip, zle, mi\n+00003a50: 7272 6f72 2c20 7374 7269 7065 2c20 7261 rror, stripe, ra\n+00003a60: 6964 7a31 2f32 2f33 0a20 2020 2020 616e idz1/2/3. an\n+00003a70: 6420 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 d encryption in \n+00003a80: 4145 532d 4343 4d20 616e 6420 4145 532d AES-CCM and AES-\n+00003a90: 4743 4d29 2e20 2a4e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 GCM). *Note File\n+00003aa0: 7379 7374 656d 3a3a 2c20 666f 720a 2020 system::, for. \n+00003ab0: 2020 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 more informat\n+00003ac0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6175 ion...Support au\n+00003ad0: 746f 6d61 7469 6320 6465 636f 6d70 7265 tomatic decompre\n+00003ae0: 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2043 616e 2064 ssion. Can d\n+00003af0: 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 6669 6c65 7320 ecompress files \n+00003b00: 7768 6963 6820 7765 7265 2063 6f6d 7072 which were compr\n+00003b10: 6573 7365 6420 6279 20e2 8098 677a 6970 essed by ...gzip\n+00003b20: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 787a e280 9928 ... or ...xz...(\n+00003b30: 3229 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 2). (*note F\n+00003b40: 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 eatures-Footnote\n+00003b50: 2d32 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e -2::). This fun\n+00003b60: 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2062 6f74 6820 6175 ction is both au\n+00003b70: 746f 6d61 7469 6320 616e 640a 2020 2020 tomatic and. \n+00003b80: 2074 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2074 6f20 transparent to \n+00003b90: 7468 6520 7573 6572 2028 692e 652e 2020 the user (i.e. \n+00003ba0: 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f70 all functions op\n+00003bb0: 6572 6174 6520 7570 6f6e 2074 6865 0a20 erate upon the. \n+00003bc0: 2020 2020 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 uncompressed\n+00003bd0: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 contents of the\n+00003be0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 696c 6573 specified files\n+00003bf0: 292e 2020 5468 6973 2067 7265 6174 6c79 ). This greatly\n+00003c00: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6475 6365 7320 6120 . reduces a \n+00003c10: 6669 6c65 2073 697a 6520 616e 6420 6c6f file size and lo\n+00003c20: 6164 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2c20 6120 7061 ading time, a pa\n+00003c30: 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2067 7265 6174 rticularly great\n+00003c40: 2062 656e 6566 6974 0a20 2020 2020 666f benefit. fo\n+00003c50: 7220 666c 6f70 7069 6573 2e28 3329 2020 r floppies.(3) \n+00003c60: 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d (*note Features-\n+00003c70: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d33 3a3a 290a 0a20 Footnote-3::).. \n+00003c80: 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6569 It is concei\n+00003c90: 7661 626c 6520 7468 6174 2073 6f6d 6520 vable that some \n+00003ca0: 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 kernel modules s\n+00003cb0: 686f 756c 6420 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 hould be loaded \n+00003cc0: 696e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 7265 in a. compre\n+00003cd0: 7373 6564 2073 7461 7465 2c20 736f 2061 ssed state, so a\n+00003ce0: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 756c different modul\n+00003cf0: 652d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e e-loading comman\n+00003d00: 6420 6361 6e20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7370 d can be. sp\n+00003d10: 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f 2061 766f 6964 ecified to avoid\n+00003d20: 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2074 uncompressing t\n+00003d30: 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 0a41 6363 he modules...Acc\n+00003d40: 6573 7320 6461 7461 206f 6e20 616e 7920 ess data on any \n+00003d50: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6465 7669 6365 installed device\n+00003d60: 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 . Support re\n+00003d70: 6164 696e 6720 6461 7461 2066 726f 6d20 ading data from \n+00003d80: 616e 7920 6f72 2061 6c6c 2066 6c6f 7070 any or all flopp\n+00003d90: 6965 7320 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b ies or hard disk\n+00003da0: 2873 290a 2020 2020 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 (s). recogni\n+00003db0: 7a65 6420 6279 2074 6865 2042 494f 532c zed by the BIOS,\n+00003dc0: 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 independent of \n+00003dd0: 7468 6520 7365 7474 696e 6720 6f66 2074 the setting of t\n+00003de0: 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2064 6576 he root. dev\n+00003df0: 6963 652e 0a0a 4265 2069 6e64 6570 656e ice...Be indepen\n+00003e00: 6465 6e74 206f 6620 6472 6976 6520 6765 dent of drive ge\n+00003e10: 6f6d 6574 7279 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 ometry translati\n+00003e20: 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2055 6e6c 696b 6520 ons. Unlike \n+00003e30: 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 many other boot \n+00003e40: 6c6f 6164 6572 732c 2047 5255 4220 6d61 loaders, GRUB ma\n+00003e50: 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c kes the particul\n+00003e60: 6172 2064 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 7472 ar drive. tr\n+00003e70: 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6972 7265 6c65 anslation irrele\n+00003e80: 7661 6e74 2e20 2041 2064 7269 7665 2069 vant. A drive i\n+00003e90: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 6e64 2072 756e nstalled and run\n+00003ea0: 6e69 6e67 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 650a 2020 ning with one. \n+00003eb0: 2020 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d translation m\n+00003ec0: 6179 2062 6520 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 ay be converted \n+00003ed0: 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2074 7261 6e73 to another trans\n+00003ee0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 lation without a\n+00003ef0: 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 6164 7665 7273 6520 ny. adverse \n+00003f00: 6566 6665 6374 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 effects or chang\n+00003f10: 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2773 2063 6f6e es in GRUB's con\n+00003f20: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a44 6574 figuration...Det\n+00003f30: 6563 7420 616c 6c20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 ect all installe\n+00003f40: 6420 5241 4d0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 d RAM. GRUB \n+00003f50: 6361 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6669 can generally fi\n+00003f60: 6e64 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 nd all the insta\n+00003f70: 6c6c 6564 2052 414d 206f 6e20 6120 5043 lled RAM on a PC\n+00003f80: 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 650a 2020 2020 -compatible. \n+00003f90: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e20 2049 7420 7573 machine. It us\n+00003fa0: 6573 2061 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2042 es an advanced B\n+00003fb0: 494f 5320 7175 6572 7920 7465 6368 6e69 IOS query techni\n+00003fc0: 7175 6520 666f 7220 6669 6e64 696e 6720 que for finding \n+00003fd0: 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 all. memory \n+00003fe0: 7265 6769 6f6e 732e 2020 4173 2064 6573 regions. As des\n+00003ff0: 6372 6962 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 4d75 cribed on the Mu\n+00004000: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 ltiboot Specific\n+00004010: 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 ation (*note. \n+00004020: 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 Multiboot Spec\n+00004030: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 ification: (mult\n+00004040: 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 292c 206e 6f74 iboot)Top.), not\n+00004050: 2061 6c6c 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206d 616b all kernels mak\n+00004060: 6520 7573 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 e use. of th\n+00004070: 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2c20 is information, \n+00004080: 6275 7420 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 but GRUB provide\n+00004090: 7320 6974 2066 6f72 2074 686f 7365 2077 s it for those w\n+000040a0: 686f 2064 6f2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 ho do...Support \n+000040b0: 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b20 4164 Logical Block Ad\n+000040c0: 6472 6573 7320 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 dress mode. \n+000040d0: 496e 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2064 In traditional d\n+000040e0: 6973 6b20 6361 6c6c 7320 2863 616c 6c65 isk calls (calle\n+000040f0: 6420 e280 9c43 4853 206d 6f64 65e2 809d d ...CHS mode...\n+00004100: 292c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 6765 ), there is a ge\n+00004110: 6f6d 6574 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e ometry. tran\n+00004120: 736c 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c slation problem,\n+00004130: 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 4249 that is, the BI\n+00004140: 4f53 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6163 6365 7373 OS cannot access\n+00004150: 206f 7665 7220 3130 3234 0a20 2020 2020 over 1024. \n+00004160: 6379 6c69 6e64 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 cylinders, so th\n+00004170: 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 7061 e accessible spa\n+00004180: 6365 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f ce is limited to\n+00004190: 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3530 3820 4d42 at least 508 MB\n+000041a0: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 746f 2061 7420 . and to at \n+000041b0: 6d6f 7374 2038 4742 2e20 4752 5542 2063 most 8GB. GRUB c\n+000041c0: 616e 2774 2075 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 an't universally\n+000041d0: 2073 6f6c 7665 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 solve this prob\n+000041e0: 6c65 6d2c 2061 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 lem, as. the\n+000041f0: 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2073 7461 6e64 6172 re is no standar\n+00004200: 6420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7573 6564 d interface used\n+00004210: 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 6573 in all machines\n+00004220: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c0a 2020 2020 . However,. \n+00004230: 2073 6576 6572 616c 206e 6577 6572 206d several newer m\n+00004240: 6163 6869 6e65 7320 6861 7665 2074 6865 achines have the\n+00004250: 206e 6577 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 new interface, \n+00004260: 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 Logical Block. \n+00004270: 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 2028 e280 9c4c Address (...L\n+00004280: 4241 e280 9d29 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4752 BA...) mode. GR\n+00004290: 5542 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 UB automatically\n+000042a0: 2064 6574 6563 7473 2069 6620 4c42 4120 detects if LBA \n+000042b0: 6d6f 6465 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 mode is. ava\n+000042c0: 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 7365 7320 ilable and uses \n+000042d0: 6974 2069 6620 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e it if available.\n+000042e0: 2020 496e 204c 4241 206d 6f64 652c 2047 In LBA mode, G\n+000042f0: 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 RUB can access. \n+00004300: 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 2064 the entire d\n+00004310: 6973 6b2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e65 isk...Support ne\n+00004320: 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 670a 2020 twork booting. \n+00004330: 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2062 6173 6963 GRUB is basic\n+00004340: 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6973 6b2d 6261 7365 ally a disk-base\n+00004350: 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6275 d boot loader bu\n+00004360: 7420 616c 736f 2068 6173 206e 6574 776f t also has netwo\n+00004370: 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 742e rk. support.\n+00004380: 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 204f You can load O\n+00004390: 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6120 S images from a \n+000043a0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6279 2075 7369 6e67 network by using\n+000043b0: 2074 6865 20e2 809c 5446 5450 e280 9d0a the ...TFTP....\n+000043c0: 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 0a0a protocol...\n+000043d0: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 Support remote t\n+000043e0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 546f erminals. To\n+000043f0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 support compute\n+00004400: 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2063 6f6e 736f rs with no conso\n+00004410: 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 le, GRUB provide\n+00004420: 7320 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 s remote termina\n+00004430: 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 l. support, \n+00004440: 736f 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 so that you can \n+00004450: 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 4752 5542 2066 726f control GRUB fro\n+00004460: 6d20 6120 7265 6d6f 7465 2068 6f73 742e m a remote host.\n+00004470: 2020 4f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7269 Only. seri\n+00004480: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 al terminal supp\n+00004490: 6f72 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 ort is implement\n+000044a0: 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6d65 6e74 ed at the moment\n+000044b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000044c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6561 info, Node: Fea\n+000044d0: 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c tures-Footnotes,\n+000044e0: 2020 5570 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 0a0a Up: Features..\n+000044f0: 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204e 6574 4253 (1) The NetBS\n+00004500: 442f 6933 3836 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6973 D/i386 kernel is\n+00004510: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c Multiboot-compl\n+00004520: 6961 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 iant, but lacks \n+00004530: 7375 7070 6f72 740a 666f 7220 4d75 6c74 support.for Mult\n+00004540: 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a iboot modules...\n+00004550: 2020 2028 3229 204f 6e6c 7920 4352 4333 (2) Only CRC3\n+00004560: 3220 6461 7461 2069 6e74 6567 7269 7479 2 data integrity\n+00004570: 2063 6865 636b 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 check is suppor\n+00004580: 7465 6420 2878 7a20 6465 6661 756c 7420 ted (xz default \n+00004590: 6973 2043 5243 3634 0a73 6f20 6f6e 6520 is CRC64.so one \n+000045a0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 202d 6368 6563 should use -chec\n+000045b0: 6b3d 6372 6333 3220 6f70 7469 6f6e 292e k=crc32 option).\n+000045c0: 2020 4c5a 4d41 2042 434a 2066 696c 7465 LZMA BCJ filte\n+000045d0: 7273 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 rs are supported\n+000045e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2833 2920 5468 6572 6520 ... (3) There \n+000045f0: 6172 6520 6120 6665 7720 7061 7468 6f6c are a few pathol\n+00004600: 6f67 6963 616c 2063 6173 6573 2077 6865 ogical cases whe\n+00004610: 7265 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2076 6572 re loading a ver\n+00004620: 7920 6261 646c 790a 6f72 6761 6e69 7a65 y badly.organize\n+00004630: 6420 454c 4620 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6967 d ELF kernel mig\n+00004640: 6874 2074 616b 6520 6c6f 6e67 6572 2c20 ht take longer, \n+00004650: 6275 7420 696e 2070 7261 6374 6963 6520 but in practice \n+00004660: 7468 6973 206e 6576 6572 0a68 6170 7065 this never.happe\n+00004670: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n+00004680: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f .info, Node: Ro\n+00004690: 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 le of a boot loa\n+000046a0: 6465 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4665 6174 der, Prev: Feat\n+000046b0: 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 726f ures, Up: Intro\n+000046c0: 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 0a31 2e35 2054 6865 duction..1.5 The\n+000046d0: 2072 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 role of a boot \n+000046e0: 6c6f 6164 6572 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d loader.=========\n 000046f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004700: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-00004710: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 2071 following is a q\n-00004720: 756f 7461 7469 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 476f uotation from Go\n-00004730: 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b 6569 742c rdon Matzigkeit,\n-00004740: 2061 2047 5255 4220 6661 6e61 7469 633a a GRUB fanatic:\n-00004750: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 7065 6f70 .. Some peop\n-00004760: 6c65 206c 696b 6520 746f 2061 636b 6e6f le like to ackno\n-00004770: 776c 6564 6765 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 wledge both the \n-00004780: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-00004790: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c and. kernel\n-000047a0: 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6579 2074 616c 6b20 when they talk \n-000047b0: 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6569 7220 636f 6d70 about their comp\n-000047c0: 7574 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206d uters, so they m\n-000047d0: 6967 6874 2073 6179 2074 6865 790a 2020 ight say they. \n-000047e0: 2020 2075 7365 2022 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 use \"GNU/Linu\n-000047f0: 7822 206f 7220 2247 4e55 2f48 7572 6422 x\" or \"GNU/Hurd\"\n-00004800: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 2070 656f 706c 6520 . Other people \n-00004810: 7365 656d 2074 6f20 7468 696e 6b20 7468 seem to think th\n-00004820: 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e at the. kern\n-00004830: 656c 2069 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 el is the most i\n-00004840: 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2070 6172 7420 6f66 mportant part of\n-00004850: 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2073 6f20 the system, so \n-00004860: 7468 6579 206c 696b 6520 746f 0a20 2020 they like to. \n-00004870: 2020 6361 6c6c 2074 6865 6972 2047 4e55 call their GNU\n-00004880: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-00004890: 6d73 2022 4c69 6e75 7820 7379 7374 656d ms \"Linux system\n-000048a0: 732e 220a 0a20 2020 2020 492c 2070 6572 s.\".. I, per\n-000048b0: 736f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 656c 6965 7665 sonally, believe\n-000048c0: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 2069 7320 6120 that this is a \n-000048d0: 6772 6176 6520 696e 6a75 7374 6963 652c grave injustice,\n-000048e0: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 because the. \n-000048f0: 2020 5f62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 5f20 _boot loader_ \n-00004900: 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 696d 706f is the most impo\n-00004910: 7274 616e 7420 736f 6674 7761 7265 206f rtant software o\n-00004920: 6620 616c 6c2e 2020 4920 7573 6564 2074 f all. I used t\n-00004930: 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 o. refer to \n-00004940: 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 7379 7374 656d the above system\n-00004950: 7320 6173 2065 6974 6865 7220 224c 494c s as either \"LIL\n-00004960: 4f22 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2052 6f6c O\"(1) (*note Rol\n-00004970: 6520 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 e of a. boot\n-00004980: 206c 6f61 6465 722d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 loader-Footnote\n-00004990: 2d31 3a3a 2920 6f72 2022 4752 5542 2220 -1::) or \"GRUB\" \n-000049a0: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 systems... U\n-000049b0: 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f nfortunately, no\n-000049c0: 626f 6479 2065 7665 7220 756e 6465 7273 body ever unders\n-000049d0: 746f 6f64 2077 6861 7420 4920 7761 7320 tood what I was \n-000049e0: 7461 6c6b 696e 6720 6162 6f75 743b 206e talking about; n\n-000049f0: 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 4920 6a75 7374 2075 ow. I just u\n-00004a00: 7365 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2247 4e55 se the word \"GNU\n-00004a10: 2220 6173 2061 2070 7365 7564 6f6e 796d \" as a pseudonym\n-00004a20: 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 for GRUB... \n-00004a30: 2053 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6576 6572 So, if you ever\n-00004a40: 2068 6561 7220 7065 6f70 6c65 2074 616c hear people tal\n-00004a50: 6b69 6e67 2061 626f 7574 2074 6865 6972 king about their\n-00004a60: 2061 6c6c 6567 6564 2022 474e 5522 0a20 alleged \"GNU\". \n-00004a70: 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2072 656d systems, rem\n-00004a80: 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 2074 6865 7920 ember that they \n-00004a90: 6172 6520 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6179 are actually pay\n-00004aa0: 696e 6720 686f 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 7468 ing homage to th\n-00004ab0: 6520 6265 7374 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 e best. boot\n-00004ac0: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6172 6f75 6e64 2e2e loader around..\n-00004ad0: 2e20 4752 5542 210a 0a20 2020 5765 2c20 . GRUB!.. We, \n-00004ae0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d 6169 6e74 6169 the GRUB maintai\n-00004af0: 6e65 7273 2c20 646f 206e 6f74 2028 7573 ners, do not (us\n-00004b00: 7561 6c6c 7929 2065 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 ually) encourage\n-00004b10: 2047 6f72 646f 6e27 7320 6c65 7665 6c0a Gordon's level.\n-00004b20: 6f66 2066 616e 6174 6963 6973 6d2c 2062 of fanaticism, b\n-00004b30: 7574 2069 7420 6865 6c70 7320 746f 2072 ut it helps to r\n-00004b40: 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 2062 6f6f emember that boo\n-00004b50: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6465 7365 7276 t loaders deserv\n-00004b60: 650a 7265 636f 676e 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 e.recognition. \n-00004b70: 5765 2068 6f70 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 We hope that you\n-00004b80: 2065 6e6a 6f79 2075 7369 6e67 2047 4e55 enjoy using GNU\n-00004b90: 2047 5255 4220 6173 206d 7563 6820 6173 GRUB as much as\n-00004ba0: 2077 6520 6469 640a 7772 6974 696e 6720 we did.writing \n-00004bb0: 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 it.....File: gru\n-00004bc0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2052 b.info, Node: R\n-00004bd0: 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ole of a boot lo\n-00004be0: 6164 6572 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 ader-Footnotes, \n-00004bf0: 2055 703a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 Up: Role of a b\n-00004c00: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a0a 2020 2028 oot loader.. (\n-00004c10: 3129 2054 6865 204c 496e 7578 204c 4f61 1) The LInux LOa\n-00004c20: 6465 722c 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 der, a boot load\n-00004c30: 6572 2074 6861 7420 6576 6572 7962 6f64 er that everybod\n-00004c40: 7920 7573 6573 2c20 6275 7420 6e6f 626f y uses, but nobo\n-00004c50: 6479 0a6c 696b 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c dy.likes.....Fil\n-00004c60: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00004c70: 6f64 653a 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 ode: Naming conv\n-00004c80: 656e 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f ention, Next: O\n-00004c90: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n-00004ca0: 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c about grub tool\n-00004cb0: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 s, Prev: Introd\n-00004cc0: 7563 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 uction, Up: Top\n-00004cd0: 0a0a 3220 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 ..2 Naming conve\n-00004ce0: 6e74 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ntion.**********\n-00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2064 *********..The d\n-00004d00: 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2075 7365 evice syntax use\n-00004d10: 6420 696e 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 2077 d in GRUB is a w\n-00004d20: 6565 2062 6974 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 ee bit different\n-00004d30: 2066 726f 6d20 7768 6174 2079 6f75 206d from what you m\n-00004d40: 6179 0a68 6176 6520 7365 656e 2062 6566 ay.have seen bef\n-00004d50: 6f72 6520 696e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 ore in your oper\n-00004d60: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2873 292c ating system(s),\n-00004d70: 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f and you need to\n-00004d80: 206b 6e6f 7720 6974 2073 6f0a 7468 6174 know it so.that\n-00004d90: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 7065 6369 6679 you can specify\n-00004da0: 2061 2064 7269 7665 2f70 6172 7469 7469 a drive/partiti\n-00004db0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 on... Look at \n-00004dc0: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 the following ex\n-00004dd0: 616d 706c 6573 2061 6e64 2065 7870 6c61 amples and expla\n-00004de0: 6e61 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 nations:.. (\n-00004df0: 6664 3029 0a0a 2020 2046 6972 7374 206f fd0).. First o\n-00004e00: 6620 616c 6c2c 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 f all, GRUB requ\n-00004e10: 6972 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6465 ires that the de\n-00004e20: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6265 2065 6e63 vice name be enc\n-00004e30: 6c6f 7365 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 28e2 losed with ...(.\n-00004e40: 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 29e2 8099 2e20 ...and ...).... \n-00004e50: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6664 e280 9920 7061 The ...fd... pa\n-00004e60: 7274 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6974 rt means that it\n-00004e70: 2069 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 is a floppy dis\n-00004e80: 6b2e 2020 5468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 20e2 k. The number .\n-00004e90: 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 7320 7468 6520 6472 ..0....is the dr\n-00004ea0: 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7768 6963 ive number, whic\n-00004eb0: 6820 6973 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 2066 726f h is counted fro\n-00004ec0: 6d20 5f7a 6572 6f5f 2e20 2054 6869 7320 m _zero_. This \n-00004ed0: 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 0a6d 6561 6e73 expression.means\n-00004ee0: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 that GRUB will \n-00004ef0: 7573 6520 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 666c use the whole fl\n-00004f00: 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 oppy disk... \n-00004f10: 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 290a 0a20 (hd0,msdos2).. \n-00004f20: 2020 4865 7265 2c20 e280 9868 64e2 8099 Here, ...hd...\n-00004f30: 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 6973 2061 2068 means it is a h\n-00004f40: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 2e20 ard disk drive. \n-00004f50: 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 2069 6e74 6567 The first integ\n-00004f60: 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 6e64 6963 er ...0....indic\n-00004f70: 6174 6573 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 206e ates the drive n\n-00004f80: 756d 6265 722c 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 umber, that is, \n-00004f90: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 the first hard d\n-00004fa0: 6973 6b2c 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a isk, the string.\n-00004fb0: e280 986d 7364 6f73 e280 9920 696e 6469 ...msdos... indi\n-00004fc0: 6361 7465 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 cates the partit\n-00004fd0: 696f 6e20 7363 6865 6d65 2c20 7768 696c ion scheme, whil\n-00004fe0: 6520 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2069 6e74 e the second int\n-00004ff0: 6567 6572 2c20 e280 9832 e280 992c 0a69 eger, ...2...,.i\n-00005000: 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6865 2070 6172 ndicates the par\n-00005010: 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 286f tition number (o\n-00005020: 7220 7468 6520 5043 2073 6c69 6365 206e r the PC slice n\n-00005030: 756d 6265 7220 696e 2074 6865 2042 5344 umber in the BSD\n-00005040: 0a74 6572 6d69 6e6f 6c6f 6779 292e 2020 .terminology). \n-00005050: 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 The partition nu\n-00005060: 6d62 6572 7320 6172 6520 636f 756e 7465 mbers are counte\n-00005070: 6420 6672 6f6d 205f 6f6e 655f 2c20 6e6f d from _one_, no\n-00005080: 7420 6672 6f6d 0a7a 6572 6f20 2861 7320 t from.zero (as \n-00005090: 7761 7320 7468 6520 6361 7365 2069 6e20 was the case in \n-000050a0: 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e previous version\n-000050b0: 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4229 2e20 5468 6973 s of GRUB). This\n-000050c0: 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 6d65 616e expression.mean\n-000050d0: 7320 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 s the second par\n-000050e0: 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 tition of the fi\n-000050f0: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 rst hard disk dr\n-00005100: 6976 652e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 ive. In this ca\n-00005110: 7365 2c0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6f6e se,.GRUB uses on\n-00005120: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 e partition of t\n-00005130: 6865 2064 6973 6b2c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 he disk, instead\n-00005140: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 of the whole di\n-00005150: 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d sk... (hd0,m\n-00005160: 7364 6f73 3529 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 sdos5).. This \n-00005170: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 specifies the fi\n-00005180: 7273 7420 e280 9c65 7874 656e 6465 6420 rst ...extended \n-00005190: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6ee2 809d 206f 6620 partition... of \n-000051a0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 the first hard d\n-000051b0: 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 isk.drive. Note\n-000051c0: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 that the partit\n-000051d0: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 666f 7220 ion numbers for \n-000051e0: 6578 7465 6e64 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 extended partiti\n-000051f0: 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 636f 756e 7465 6420 ons are.counted \n-00005200: 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 35e2 8099 2c20 7265 from ...5..., re\n-00005210: 6761 7264 6c65 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 gardless of the \n-00005220: 6163 7475 616c 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 actual number of\n-00005230: 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 primary partiti\n-00005240: 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 ons.on your hard\n-00005250: 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 disk... (hd\n-00005260: 312c 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3129 0a0a 1,msdos1,bsd1)..\n-00005270: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 This means th\n-00005280: 6520 4253 4420 e280 9861 e280 9920 7061 e BSD ...a... pa\n-00005290: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2066 6972 7374 rtition on first\n-000052a0: 2050 4320 736c 6963 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 PC slice number\n-000052b0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 7365 636f 6e64 2068 of the.second h\n-000052c0: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f66 ard disk... Of\n-000052d0: 2063 6f75 7273 652c 2074 6f20 6163 7475 course, to actu\n-000052e0: 616c 6c79 2061 6363 6573 7320 7468 6520 ally access the \n-000052f0: 6469 736b 7320 6f72 2070 6172 7469 7469 disks or partiti\n-00005300: 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 422c 2079 ons with GRUB, y\n-00005310: 6f75 0a6e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 ou.need to use t\n-00005320: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7370 6563 6966 he device specif\n-00005330: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2061 2063 6f6d ication in a com\n-00005340: 6d61 6e64 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 7365 mand, like ...se\n-00005350: 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6664 3029 e280 990a t root=(fd0)....\n-00005360: 6f72 20e2 8098 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 or ...parttool (\n-00005370: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7333 2920 6869 6464 hd0,msdos3) hidd\n-00005380: 656e 2de2 8099 2e20 2054 6f20 6865 6c70 en-.... To help\n-00005390: 2079 6f75 2066 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 you find out wh\n-000053a0: 6963 6820 6e75 6d62 6572 0a73 7065 6369 ich number.speci\n-000053b0: 6669 6573 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e fies a partition\n-000053c0: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 742c 2074 6865 2047 you want, the G\n-000053d0: 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 RUB command-line\n-000053e0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 436f 6d6d 616e 642d (*note.Command-\n-000053f0: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a line interface::\n-00005400: 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6861 7665 2061 ) options have a\n-00005410: 7267 756d 656e 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 rgument completi\n-00005420: 6f6e 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 730a on. This means.\n-00005430: 7468 6174 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c that, for exampl\n-00005440: 652c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 6e65 6564 e, you only need\n-00005450: 2074 6f20 7479 7065 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 to type.. s\n-00005460: 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 280a 0a20 2020 666f et root=(.. fo\n-00005470: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6120 3c54 4142 llowed by a , and GRUB will\n-00005490: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 206c 6973 display the lis\n-000054a0: 7420 6f66 2064 7269 7665 732c 0a70 6172 t of drives,.par\n-000054b0: 7469 7469 6f6e 732c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 titions, or file\n-000054c0: 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2053 6f20 6974 2073 names. So it s\n-000054d0: 686f 756c 6420 6265 2071 7569 7465 2065 hould be quite e\n-000054e0: 6173 7920 746f 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 asy to determine\n-000054f0: 2074 6865 0a6e 616d 6520 6f66 2079 6f75 the.name of you\n-00005500: 7220 7461 7267 6574 2070 6172 7469 7469 r target partiti\n-00005510: 6f6e 2c20 6576 656e 2077 6974 6820 6d69 on, even with mi\n-00005520: 6e69 6d61 6c20 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 6520 nimal knowledge \n-00005530: 6f66 2074 6865 0a73 796e 7461 782e 0a0a of the.syntax...\n-00005540: 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 Note that GRU\n-00005550: 4220 646f 6573 205f 6e6f 745f 2064 6973 B does _not_ dis\n-00005560: 7469 6e67 7569 7368 2049 4445 2066 726f tinguish IDE fro\n-00005570: 6d20 5343 5349 202d 2069 7420 7369 6d70 m SCSI - it simp\n-00005580: 6c79 0a63 6f75 6e74 7320 7468 6520 6472 ly.counts the dr\n-00005590: 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6672 6f6d ive numbers from\n-000055a0: 207a 6572 6f2c 2072 6567 6172 646c 6573 zero, regardles\n-000055b0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 6972 2074 7970 652e s of their type.\n-000055c0: 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c0a 616e 7920 Normally,.any \n-000055d0: 4944 4520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 IDE drive number\n-000055e0: 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 616e is less than an\n-000055f0: 7920 5343 5349 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d y SCSI drive num\n-00005600: 6265 722c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7468 ber, although th\n-00005610: 6174 0a69 7320 6e6f 7420 7472 7565 2069 at.is not true i\n-00005620: 6620 796f 7520 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 f you change the\n-00005630: 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 boot sequence b\n-00005640: 7920 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2049 4445 2061 y swapping IDE a\n-00005650: 6e64 2053 4353 490a 6472 6976 6573 2069 nd SCSI.drives i\n-00005660: 6e20 796f 7572 2042 494f 532e 0a0a 2020 n your BIOS... \n-00005670: 204e 6f77 2074 6865 2071 7565 7374 696f Now the questio\n-00005680: 6e20 6973 2c20 686f 7720 746f 2073 7065 n is, how to spe\n-00005690: 6369 6679 2061 2066 696c 653f 2020 4167 cify a file? Ag\n-000056a0: 6169 6e2c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 616e ain, consider an\n-000056b0: 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 .example:.. \n-000056c0: 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 2f76 6d6c (hd0,msdos1)/vml\n-000056d0: 696e 757a 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 inuz.. This sp\n-000056e0: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 ecifies the file\n-000056f0: 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 766d 6c69 6e75 named ...vmlinu\n-00005700: 7ae2 8099 2c20 666f 756e 6420 6f6e 2074 z..., found on t\n-00005710: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n-00005720: 6f6e 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 on.of the first \n-00005730: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e hard disk drive.\n-00005740: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 Note that the \n-00005750: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 argument complet\n-00005760: 696f 6e20 776f 726b 730a 7769 7468 2066 ion works.with f\n-00005770: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 732c 2074 6f6f 2e0a ile names, too..\n-00005780: 0a20 2020 5468 6174 2077 6173 2065 6173 . That was eas\n-00005790: 792c 2061 646d 6974 2069 742e 2020 4e6f y, admit it. No\n-000057a0: 7720 7265 6164 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 w read the next \n-000057b0: 6368 6170 7465 722c 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 chapter, to find\n-000057c0: 206f 7574 2068 6f77 0a74 6f20 6163 7475 out how.to actu\n-000057d0: 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 ally install GRU\n-000057e0: 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 652e B on your drive.\n-000057f0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00005800: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 nfo, Node: OS-s\n-00005810: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 pecific notes ab\n-00005820: 6f75 7420 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 2c20 out grub tools, \n-00005830: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 Next: Installat\n-00005840: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e61 6d69 ion, Prev: Nami\n-00005850: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 ng convention, \n-00005860: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a33 204f 532d 7370 Up: Top..3 OS-sp\n-00005870: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f ecific notes abo\n-00005880: 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 730a 2a2a ut grub tools.**\n+00004700: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ====..The follow\n+00004710: 696e 6720 6973 2061 2071 756f 7461 7469 ing is a quotati\n+00004720: 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d on from Gordon M\n+00004730: 6174 7a69 676b 6569 742c 2061 2047 5255 atzigkeit, a GRU\n+00004740: 4220 6661 6e61 7469 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 B fanatic:.. \n+00004750: 2053 6f6d 6520 7065 6f70 6c65 206c 696b Some people lik\n+00004760: 6520 746f 2061 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 e to acknowledge\n+00004770: 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 both the operat\n+00004780: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 0a20 ing system and. \n+00004790: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 kernel when \n+000047a0: 7468 6579 2074 616c 6b20 6162 6f75 7420 they talk about \n+000047b0: 7468 6569 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 732c their computers,\n+000047c0: 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206d 6967 6874 2073 so they might s\n+000047d0: 6179 2074 6865 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 ay they. use\n+000047e0: 2022 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7822 206f 7220 \"GNU/Linux\" or \n+000047f0: 2247 4e55 2f48 7572 6422 2e20 204f 7468 \"GNU/Hurd\". Oth\n+00004800: 6572 2070 656f 706c 6520 7365 656d 2074 er people seem t\n+00004810: 6f20 7468 696e 6b20 7468 6174 2074 6865 o think that the\n+00004820: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 . kernel is \n+00004830: 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 the most importa\n+00004840: 6e74 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 nt part of the s\n+00004850: 7973 7465 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206c ystem, so they l\n+00004860: 696b 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6c6c ike to. call\n+00004870: 2074 6865 6972 2047 4e55 206f 7065 7261 their GNU opera\n+00004880: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2022 4c69 ting systems \"Li\n+00004890: 6e75 7820 7379 7374 656d 732e 220a 0a20 nux systems.\".. \n+000048a0: 2020 2020 492c 2070 6572 736f 6e61 6c6c I, personall\n+000048b0: 792c 2062 656c 6965 7665 2074 6861 7420 y, believe that \n+000048c0: 7468 6973 2069 7320 6120 6772 6176 6520 this is a grave \n+000048d0: 696e 6a75 7374 6963 652c 2062 6563 6175 injustice, becau\n+000048e0: 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5f62 6f6f se the. _boo\n+000048f0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 5f20 6973 2074 6865 t loader_ is the\n+00004900: 206d 6f73 7420 696d 706f 7274 616e 7420 most important \n+00004910: 736f 6674 7761 7265 206f 6620 616c 6c2e software of all.\n+00004920: 2020 4920 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 I used to. \n+00004930: 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6162 refer to the ab\n+00004940: 6f76 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 6173 2065 ove systems as e\n+00004950: 6974 6865 7220 224c 494c 4f22 2831 2920 ither \"LILO\"(1) \n+00004960: 282a 6e6f 7465 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 (*note Role of a\n+00004970: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 . boot loade\n+00004980: 722d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 2920 r-Footnote-1::) \n+00004990: 6f72 2022 4752 5542 2220 7379 7374 656d or \"GRUB\" system\n+000049a0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 6e66 6f72 7475 s... Unfortu\n+000049b0: 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 626f 6479 2065 nately, nobody e\n+000049c0: 7665 7220 756e 6465 7273 746f 6f64 2077 ver understood w\n+000049d0: 6861 7420 4920 7761 7320 7461 6c6b 696e hat I was talkin\n+000049e0: 6720 6162 6f75 743b 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 g about; now. \n+000049f0: 2020 4920 6a75 7374 2075 7365 2074 6865 I just use the\n+00004a00: 2077 6f72 6420 2247 4e55 2220 6173 2061 word \"GNU\" as a\n+00004a10: 2070 7365 7564 6f6e 796d 2066 6f72 2047 pseudonym for G\n+00004a20: 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f2c 2069 RUB... So, i\n+00004a30: 6620 796f 7520 6576 6572 2068 6561 7220 f you ever hear \n+00004a40: 7065 6f70 6c65 2074 616c 6b69 6e67 2061 people talking a\n+00004a50: 626f 7574 2074 6865 6972 2061 6c6c 6567 bout their alleg\n+00004a60: 6564 2022 474e 5522 0a20 2020 2020 7379 ed \"GNU\". sy\n+00004a70: 7374 656d 732c 2072 656d 656d 6265 7220 stems, remember \n+00004a80: 7468 6174 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6163 that they are ac\n+00004a90: 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6179 696e 6720 686f tually paying ho\n+00004aa0: 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 7374 mage to the best\n+00004ab0: 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 . boot loade\n+00004ac0: 7220 6172 6f75 6e64 2e2e 2e20 4752 5542 r around... GRUB\n+00004ad0: 210a 0a20 2020 5765 2c20 7468 6520 4752 !.. We, the GR\n+00004ae0: 5542 206d 6169 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c20 UB maintainers, \n+00004af0: 646f 206e 6f74 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 7929 do not (usually)\n+00004b00: 2065 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 2047 6f72 646f encourage Gordo\n+00004b10: 6e27 7320 6c65 7665 6c0a 6f66 2066 616e n's level.of fan\n+00004b20: 6174 6963 6973 6d2c 2062 7574 2069 7420 aticism, but it \n+00004b30: 6865 6c70 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 helps to remembe\n+00004b40: 7220 7468 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 r that boot load\n+00004b50: 6572 7320 6465 7365 7276 650a 7265 636f ers deserve.reco\n+00004b60: 676e 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 5765 2068 6f70 gnition. We hop\n+00004b70: 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2065 6e6a 6f79 e that you enjoy\n+00004b80: 2075 7369 6e67 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 using GNU GRUB \n+00004b90: 6173 206d 7563 6820 6173 2077 6520 6469 as much as we di\n+00004ba0: 640a 7772 6974 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f d.writing it....\n+00004bb0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00004bc0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 , Node: Role of\n+00004bd0: 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2d46 a boot loader-F\n+00004be0: 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2052 ootnotes, Up: R\n+00004bf0: 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ole of a boot lo\n+00004c00: 6164 6572 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 ader.. (1) The\n+00004c10: 204c 496e 7578 204c 4f61 6465 722c 2061 LInux LOader, a\n+00004c20: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 boot loader tha\n+00004c30: 7420 6576 6572 7962 6f64 7920 7573 6573 t everybody uses\n+00004c40: 2c20 6275 7420 6e6f 626f 6479 0a6c 696b , but nobody.lik\n+00004c50: 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 es.....File: gru\n+00004c60: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e b.info, Node: N\n+00004c70: 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e aming convention\n+00004c80: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 , Next: OS-spec\n+00004c90: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 ific notes about\n+00004ca0: 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5072 grub tools, Pr\n+00004cb0: 6576 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e ev: Introduction\n+00004cc0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3220 4e61 , Up: Top..2 Na\n+00004cd0: 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e0a ming convention.\n+00004ce0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00004cf0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 ***..The device \n+00004d00: 7379 6e74 6178 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 syntax used in G\n+00004d10: 5255 4220 6973 2061 2077 6565 2062 6974 RUB is a wee bit\n+00004d20: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 different from \n+00004d30: 7768 6174 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a68 6176 what you may.hav\n+00004d40: 6520 7365 656e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 696e e seen before in\n+00004d50: 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 your operating \n+00004d60: 7379 7374 656d 2873 292c 2061 6e64 2079 system(s), and y\n+00004d70: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 ou need to know \n+00004d80: 6974 2073 6f0a 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 it so.that you c\n+00004d90: 616e 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2064 7269 an specify a dri\n+00004da0: 7665 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 ve/partition... \n+00004db0: 2020 4c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 666f Look at the fo\n+00004dc0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6573 llowing examples\n+00004dd0: 2061 6e64 2065 7870 6c61 6e61 7469 6f6e and explanation\n+00004de0: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a0a s:.. (fd0)..\n+00004df0: 2020 2046 6972 7374 206f 6620 616c 6c2c First of all,\n+00004e00: 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2074 GRUB requires t\n+00004e10: 6861 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e hat the device n\n+00004e20: 616d 6520 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 ame be enclosed \n+00004e30: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 0a61 6e64 with ...(....and\n+00004e40: 20e2 8098 29e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 ...).... The .\n+00004e50: 8098 6664 e280 9920 7061 7274 206d 6561 ..fd... part mea\n+00004e60: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6120 ns that it is a \n+00004e70: 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 floppy disk. Th\n+00004e80: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 e number ...0...\n+00004e90: 0a69 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 .is the drive nu\n+00004ea0: 6d62 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2063 mber, which is c\n+00004eb0: 6f75 6e74 6564 2066 726f 6d20 5f7a 6572 ounted from _zer\n+00004ec0: 6f5f 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6578 7072 6573 o_. This expres\n+00004ed0: 7369 6f6e 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 sion.means that \n+00004ee0: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7468 GRUB will use th\n+00004ef0: 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 666c 6f70 7079 2064 e whole floppy d\n+00004f00: 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c isk... (hd0,\n+00004f10: 6d73 646f 7332 290a 0a20 2020 4865 7265 msdos2).. Here\n+00004f20: 2c20 e280 9868 64e2 8099 206d 6561 6e73 , ...hd... means\n+00004f30: 2069 7420 6973 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 it is a hard di\n+00004f40: 736b 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2054 6865 2066 sk drive. The f\n+00004f50: 6972 7374 2069 6e74 6567 6572 20e2 8098 irst integer ...\n+00004f60: 30e2 8099 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 0....indicates t\n+00004f70: 6865 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c he drive number,\n+00004f80: 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 6669 that is, the fi\n+00004f90: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2074 rst hard disk, t\n+00004fa0: 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a e280 986d 7364 he string....msd\n+00004fb0: 6f73 e280 9920 696e 6469 6361 7465 7320 os... indicates \n+00004fc0: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7363 the partition sc\n+00004fd0: 6865 6d65 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 heme, while the \n+00004fe0: 7365 636f 6e64 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2c20 second integer, \n+00004ff0: e280 9832 e280 992c 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 ...2...,.indicat\n+00005000: 6573 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e es the partition\n+00005010: 206e 756d 6265 7220 286f 7220 7468 6520 number (or the \n+00005020: 5043 2073 6c69 6365 206e 756d 6265 7220 PC slice number \n+00005030: 696e 2074 6865 2042 5344 0a74 6572 6d69 in the BSD.termi\n+00005040: 6e6f 6c6f 6779 292e 2020 5468 6520 7061 nology). The pa\n+00005050: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 rtition numbers \n+00005060: 6172 6520 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d are counted from\n+00005070: 205f 6f6e 655f 2c20 6e6f 7420 6672 6f6d _one_, not from\n+00005080: 0a7a 6572 6f20 2861 7320 7761 7320 7468 .zero (as was th\n+00005090: 6520 6361 7365 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f e case in previo\n+000050a0: 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2047 us versions of G\n+000050b0: 5255 4229 2e20 5468 6973 2065 7870 7265 RUB). This expre\n+000050c0: 7373 696f 6e0a 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 ssion.means the \n+000050d0: 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e second partition\n+000050e0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 of the first ha\n+000050f0: 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 rd disk drive. \n+00005100: 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c0a 4752 In this case,.GR\n+00005110: 5542 2075 7365 7320 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 UB uses one part\n+00005120: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 ition of the dis\n+00005130: 6b2c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 k, instead of th\n+00005140: 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 e whole disk... \n+00005150: 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 (hd0,msdos5)\n+00005160: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 .. This specif\n+00005170: 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 e280 ies the first ..\n+00005180: 9c65 7874 656e 6465 6420 7061 7274 6974 .extended partit\n+00005190: 696f 6ee2 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 ion... of the fi\n+000051a0: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 rst hard disk.dr\n+000051b0: 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 ive. Note that \n+000051c0: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 the partition nu\n+000051d0: 6d62 6572 7320 666f 7220 6578 7465 6e64 mbers for extend\n+000051e0: 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 ed partitions ar\n+000051f0: 650a 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 e.counted from .\n+00005200: 8098 35e2 8099 2c20 7265 6761 7264 6c65 ..5..., regardle\n+00005210: 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c ss of the actual\n+00005220: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2070 7269 6d61 number of prima\n+00005230: 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e ry partitions.on\n+00005240: 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e your hard disk.\n+00005250: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 312c 6d73 646f .. (hd1,msdo\n+00005260: 7331 2c62 7364 3129 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 s1,bsd1).. Thi\n+00005270: 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 4253 4420 s means the BSD \n+00005280: e280 9861 e280 9920 7061 7274 6974 696f ...a... partitio\n+00005290: 6e20 6f6e 2066 6972 7374 2050 4320 736c n on first PC sl\n+000052a0: 6963 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7468 ice number of th\n+000052b0: 650a 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 6420 6469 e.second hard di\n+000052c0: 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f66 2063 6f75 7273 sk... Of cours\n+000052d0: 652c 2074 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2061 e, to actually a\n+000052e0: 6363 6573 7320 7468 6520 6469 736b 7320 ccess the disks \n+000052f0: 6f72 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 or partitions wi\n+00005300: 7468 2047 5255 422c 2079 6f75 0a6e 6565 th GRUB, you.nee\n+00005310: 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 6576 d to use the dev\n+00005320: 6963 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f ice specificatio\n+00005330: 6e20 696e 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 n in a command, \n+00005340: 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 7365 7420 726f 6f74 like ...set root\n+00005350: 3d28 6664 3029 e280 990a 6f72 20e2 8098 =(fd0)....or ...\n+00005360: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 6d73 parttool (hd0,ms\n+00005370: 646f 7333 2920 6869 6464 656e 2de2 8099 dos3) hidden-...\n+00005380: 2e20 2054 6f20 6865 6c70 2079 6f75 2066 . To help you f\n+00005390: 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 6820 6e75 ind out which nu\n+000053a0: 6d62 6572 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 mber.specifies a\n+000053b0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2077 partition you w\n+000053c0: 616e 742c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f ant, the GRUB co\n+000053d0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 2a6e 6f74 mmand-line (*not\n+000053e0: 650a 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 e.Command-line i\n+000053f0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2920 6f70 7469 nterface::) opti\n+00005400: 6f6e 7320 6861 7665 2061 7267 756d 656e ons have argumen\n+00005410: 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 t completion. T\n+00005420: 6869 7320 6d65 616e 730a 7468 6174 2c20 his means.that, \n+00005430: 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2079 6f75 for example, you\n+00005440: 206f 6e6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7479 only need to ty\n+00005450: 7065 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f pe.. set roo\n+00005460: 743d 280a 0a20 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 t=(.. followed\n+00005470: 2062 7920 6120 3c54 4142 3e2c 2061 6e64 by a , and\n+00005480: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c GRUB will displ\n+00005490: 6179 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 ay the list of d\n+000054a0: 7269 7665 732c 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e rives,.partition\n+000054b0: 732c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 s, or file names\n+000054c0: 2e20 2053 6f20 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 . So it should \n+000054d0: 6265 2071 7569 7465 2065 6173 7920 746f be quite easy to\n+000054e0: 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 0a6e determine the.n\n+000054f0: 616d 6520 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7461 7267 ame of your targ\n+00005500: 6574 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6576 et partition, ev\n+00005510: 656e 2077 6974 6820 6d69 6e69 6d61 6c20 en with minimal \n+00005520: 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 6520 6f66 2074 6865 knowledge of the\n+00005530: 0a73 796e 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 .syntax... Not\n+00005540: 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 e that GRUB does\n+00005550: 205f 6e6f 745f 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 _not_ distingui\n+00005560: 7368 2049 4445 2066 726f 6d20 5343 5349 sh IDE from SCSI\n+00005570: 202d 2069 7420 7369 6d70 6c79 0a63 6f75 - it simply.cou\n+00005580: 6e74 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 nts the drive nu\n+00005590: 6d62 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c mbers from zero,\n+000055a0: 2072 6567 6172 646c 6573 7320 6f66 2074 regardless of t\n+000055b0: 6865 6972 2074 7970 652e 2020 4e6f 726d heir type. Norm\n+000055c0: 616c 6c79 2c0a 616e 7920 4944 4520 6472 ally,.any IDE dr\n+000055d0: 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 7320 6c65 ive number is le\n+000055e0: 7373 2074 6861 6e20 616e 7920 5343 5349 ss than any SCSI\n+000055f0: 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c 2061 drive number, a\n+00005600: 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7468 6174 0a69 7320 lthough that.is \n+00005610: 6e6f 7420 7472 7565 2069 6620 796f 7520 not true if you \n+00005620: 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 change the boot \n+00005630: 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 7920 7377 6170 sequence by swap\n+00005640: 7069 6e67 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 ping IDE and SCS\n+00005650: 490a 6472 6976 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 I.drives in your\n+00005660: 2042 494f 532e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f77 2074 BIOS... Now t\n+00005670: 6865 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 6973 2c20 he question is, \n+00005680: 686f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 how to specify a\n+00005690: 2066 696c 653f 2020 4167 6169 6e2c 2063 file? Again, c\n+000056a0: 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 616e 0a65 7861 6d70 onsider an.examp\n+000056b0: 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d le:.. (hd0,m\n+000056c0: 7364 6f73 3129 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a0a sdos1)/vmlinuz..\n+000056d0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 This specifie\n+000056e0: 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6564 s the file named\n+000056f0: 20e2 8098 766d 6c69 6e75 7ae2 8099 2c20 ...vmlinuz..., \n+00005700: 666f 756e 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 found on the fir\n+00005710: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 st partition.of \n+00005720: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 the first hard d\n+00005730: 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 isk drive. Note\n+00005740: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 that the argume\n+00005750: 6e74 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 776f nt completion wo\n+00005760: 726b 730a 7769 7468 2066 696c 6520 6e61 rks.with file na\n+00005770: 6d65 732c 2074 6f6f 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 mes, too... Th\n+00005780: 6174 2077 6173 2065 6173 792c 2061 646d at was easy, adm\n+00005790: 6974 2069 742e 2020 4e6f 7720 7265 6164 it it. Now read\n+000057a0: 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 6368 6170 7465 the next chapte\n+000057b0: 722c 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 206f 7574 2068 r, to find out h\n+000057c0: 6f77 0a74 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2069 ow.to actually i\n+000057d0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 nstall GRUB on y\n+000057e0: 6f75 7220 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 our drive.....Fi\n+000057f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00005800: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 Node: OS-specifi\n+00005810: 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 6772 c notes about gr\n+00005820: 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a ub tools, Next:\n+00005830: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 Installation, \n+00005840: 5072 6576 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e Prev: Naming con\n+00005850: 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f vention, Up: To\n+00005860: 700a 0a33 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 p..3 OS-specific\n+00005870: 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 notes about gru\n+00005880: 6220 746f 6f6c 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a b tools.********\n 00005890: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000058b0: 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e 204f 5320 7768 6963 6820 **..On OS which \n-000058c0: 6861 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e6f 6465 have device node\n-000058d0: 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2055 6e69 s similar to Uni\n-000058e0: 782d 6c69 6b65 204f 5320 4752 5542 2074 x-like OS GRUB t\n-000058f0: 6f6f 6c73 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a4f 5320 ools use the.OS \n-00005900: 6e61 6d65 2e20 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 name. E.g. for\n-00005910: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a0a 0a20 2020 GNU/Linux:.. \n-00005920: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n-00005930: 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4f6e /dev/sda.. On\n-00005940: 2041 524f 5320 7765 2075 7365 2061 6e6f AROS we use ano\n-00005950: 7468 6572 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 466f ther syntax. Fo\n-00005960: 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 r volumes:.. \n-00005970: 202f 2f3a 3c76 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 //:.. E.g... \n-00005990: 202f 2f3a 4448 300a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 //:DH0.. For \n-000059a0: 6469 736b 7320 7765 2075 7365 2073 796e disks we use syn\n-000059b0: 7461 783a 0a20 2020 2020 2f2f 3a3c 6472 tax:. //:/unit/\n-000059d0: 666c 6167 730a 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a flags.. E.g...\n-000059e0: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n-000059f0: 616c 6c20 2f2f 3a61 7461 2e64 6576 6963 all //:ata.devic\n-00005a00: 652f 302f 300a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2057 696e e/0/0.. On Win\n-00005a10: 646f 7773 2077 6520 7573 6520 554e 4320 dows we use UNC \n-00005a20: 7061 7468 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 6f6c 756d path. For volum\n-00005a30: 6573 2069 7427 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c es it's typicall\n-00005a40: 790a 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c 566f 6c75 y.. \\\\?\\Volu\n-00005a50: 6d65 7b3c 4755 4944 3e7d 0a20 2020 2020 me{}. \n-00005a60: 5c5c 3f5c 3c64 7269 7665 206c 6574 7465 \\\\?\\:.. E.g... \n-00005a80: 2020 205c 5c3f 5c56 6f6c 756d 657b 3137 \\\\?\\Volume{17\n-00005a90: 6633 3464 3530 2d63 6636 342d 3462 3032 f34d50-cf64-4b02\n-00005aa0: 2d38 3030 652d 3531 6437 3963 3361 6132 -800e-51d79c3aa2\n-00005ab0: 6666 7d0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c43 3a0a ff}. \\\\?\\C:.\n-00005ac0: 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 6974 . For disks it\n-00005ad0: 2773 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 's.. \\\\?\\Phy\n-00005ae0: 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 3c6e 756d 6265 sicalDrive.. E.g... \n-00005b00: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n-00005b10: 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 \\\\?\\PhysicalDri\n-00005b20: 7665 300a 0a20 2020 4265 7761 7265 2074 ve0.. Beware t\n-00005b30: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 hat you may need\n-00005b40: 2074 6f20 6675 7274 6865 7220 6573 6361 to further esca\n-00005b50: 7065 2074 6865 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 pe the backslash\n-00005b60: 6573 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 0a6f 6e20 es depending.on \n-00005b70: 796f 7572 2073 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 your shell... \n-00005b80: 5768 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 7769 When compiled wi\n-00005b90: 7468 2063 7967 7769 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 th cygwin suppor\n-00005ba0: 7420 7468 656e 2063 7967 7769 6e20 6472 t then cygwin dr\n-00005bb0: 6976 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 650a 6175 ive names are.au\n-00005bc0: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7768 656e tomatically when\n-00005bd0: 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a0a needed. E.g...\n-00005be0: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n-00005bf0: 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 1f0a all /dev/sda....\n-00005c00: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00005c10: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 Node: Installa\n-00005c20: 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 6f6f tion, Next: Boo\n-00005c30: 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 532d ting, Prev: OS-\n-00005c40: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 specific notes a\n-00005c50: 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c bout grub tools,\n-00005c60: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a34 2049 6e73 Up: Top..4 Ins\n-00005c70: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a tallation.******\n-00005c80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 206f 7264 ********..In ord\n-00005c90: 6572 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 er to install GR\n-00005ca0: 5542 2061 7320 796f 7572 2062 6f6f 7420 UB as your boot \n-00005cb0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 loader, you need\n-00005cc0: 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 696e 7374 616c to first instal\n-00005cd0: 6c0a 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 7973 7465 l.the GRUB syste\n-00005ce0: 6d20 616e 6420 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 m and utilities \n-00005cf0: 756e 6465 7220 796f 7572 2055 4e49 582d under your UNIX-\n-00005d00: 6c69 6b65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 like operating s\n-00005d10: 7973 7465 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 6274 ystem.(*note Obt\n-00005d20: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n-00005d30: 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 292e 2020 596f ing GRUB::). Yo\n-00005d40: 7520 6361 6e20 646f 2074 6869 7320 6569 u can do this ei\n-00005d50: 7468 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 736f ther from the.so\n-00005d60: 7572 6365 2074 6172 6261 6c6c 2c20 6f72 urce tarball, or\n-00005d70: 2061 7320 6120 7061 636b 6167 6520 666f as a package fo\n-00005d80: 7220 796f 7572 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2041 r your OS... A\n-00005d90: 6674 6572 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 646f fter you have do\n-00005da0: 6e65 2074 6861 742c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 ne that, you nee\n-00005db0: 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 d to install the\n-00005dc0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 boot loader on \n-00005dd0: 610a 6472 6976 6520 2866 6c6f 7070 7920 a.drive (floppy \n-00005de0: 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2920 6279 or hard disk) by\n-00005df0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2075 7469 6c69 using the utili\n-00005e00: 7479 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 ty ...grub-insta\n-00005e10: 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a49 6e76 ll... (*note.Inv\n-00005e20: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 oking grub-insta\n-00005e30: 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6f6e 2061 2055 4e49 582d ll::) on a UNIX-\n-00005e40: 6c69 6b65 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 like OS... GRU\n-00005e50: 4220 636f 6d65 7320 7769 7468 2062 6f6f B comes with boo\n-00005e60: 7420 696d 6167 6573 2c20 7768 6963 6820 t images, which \n-00005e70: 6172 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2070 7574 are normally put\n-00005e80: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 in the director\n-00005e90: 790a e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 y..../usr/lib/gr\n-00005ea0: 7562 2f3c 6370 753e 2d3c 706c 6174 666f ub/-... (for BIOS\n-00005ec0: 2d62 6173 6564 206d 6163 6869 6e65 730a -based machines.\n-00005ed0: e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 .../usr/lib/grub\n-00005ee0: 2f69 3338 362d 7063 e280 9929 2e20 2048 /i386-pc...). H\n-00005ef0: 6572 6561 6674 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6469 ereafter, the di\n-00005f00: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 6520 4752 rectory where GR\n-00005f10: 5542 2069 6d61 6765 730a 6172 6520 696e UB images.are in\n-00005f20: 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 706c 6163 6564 2028 itially placed (\n-00005f30: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 normally .../usr\n-00005f40: 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c63 7075 3e2d /lib/grub/-\n-00005f50: 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3e e280 9929 2077 ...) w\n-00005f60: 696c 6c20 6265 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 ill be.called th\n-00005f70: 6520 e280 9c69 6d61 6765 2064 6972 6563 e ...image direc\n-00005f80: 746f 7279 e280 9d2c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 tory..., and the\n-00005f90: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 directory where\n-00005fa0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 the boot loader\n-00005fb0: 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 .needs to find t\n-00005fc0: 6865 6d20 2875 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 hem (usually ...\n-00005fd0: 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 /boot...) will b\n-00005fe0: 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 20e2 809c e called the ...\n-00005ff0: 626f 6f74 0a64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 boot.directory..\n-00006000: 9d2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 ....* Menu:..* I\n-00006010: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 nstalling GRUB u\n-00006020: 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c sing grub-instal\n-00006030: 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 l::.* Making a G\n-00006040: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d RUB bootable CD-\n-00006050: 524f 4d3a 3a0a 2a20 4465 7669 6365 206d ROM::.* Device m\n-00006060: 6170 3a3a 0a2a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 ap::.* BIOS inst\n-00006070: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 allation::....Fi\n-00006080: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00006090: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 Node: Installing\n-000060a0: 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 GRUB using grub\n-000060b0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a -install, Next:\n-000060c0: 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 Making a GRUB b\n-000060d0: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 ootable CD-ROM, \n-000060e0: 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f Up: Installatio\n-000060f0: 6e0a 0a34 2e31 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e n..4.1 Installin\n-00006100: 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 g GRUB using gru\n-00006110: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d b-install.======\n+000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e ************..On\n+000058b0: 204f 5320 7768 6963 6820 6861 7665 2064 OS which have d\n+000058c0: 6576 6963 6520 6e6f 6465 7320 7369 6d69 evice nodes simi\n+000058d0: 6c61 7220 746f 2055 6e69 782d 6c69 6b65 lar to Unix-like\n+000058e0: 204f 5320 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 OS GRUB tools u\n+000058f0: 7365 2074 6865 0a4f 5320 6e61 6d65 2e20 se the.OS name. \n+00005900: 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2f4c E.g. for GNU/L\n+00005910: 696e 7578 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 inux:.. # gr\n+00005920: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f ub-install /dev/\n+00005930: 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2041 524f 5320 sda.. On AROS \n+00005940: 7765 2075 7365 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2073 we use another s\n+00005950: 796e 7461 782e 2020 466f 7220 766f 6c75 yntax. For volu\n+00005960: 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 3c76 mes:.. //:.. \n+00005980: 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 4448 E.g... //:DH\n+00005990: 300a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 0.. For disks \n+000059a0: 7765 2075 7365 2073 796e 7461 783a 0a20 we use syntax:. \n+000059b0: 2020 2020 2f2f 3a3c 6472 6976 6572 206e //:/unit/flags.\n+000059d0: 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 . E.g... #\n+000059e0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f2f grub-install //\n+000059f0: 3a61 7461 2e64 6576 6963 652f 302f 300a :ata.device/0/0.\n+00005a00: 0a20 2020 4f6e 2057 696e 646f 7773 2077 . On Windows w\n+00005a10: 6520 7573 6520 554e 4320 7061 7468 2e20 e use UNC path. \n+00005a20: 2046 6f72 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 2069 7427 For volumes it'\n+00005a30: 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 790a 0a20 2020 s typically.. \n+00005a40: 2020 5c5c 3f5c 566f 6c75 6d65 7b3c 4755 \\\\?\\Volume{}. \\\\?\\:.. \n+00005a70: 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f E.g... \\\\?\n+00005a80: 5c56 6f6c 756d 657b 3137 6633 3464 3530 \\Volume{17f34d50\n+00005a90: 2d63 6636 342d 3462 3032 2d38 3030 652d -cf64-4b02-800e-\n+00005aa0: 3531 6437 3963 3361 6132 6666 7d0a 2020 51d79c3aa2ff}. \n+00005ab0: 2020 205c 5c3f 5c43 3a0a 0a20 2020 466f \\\\?\\C:.. Fo\n+00005ac0: 7220 6469 736b 7320 6974 2773 0a0a 2020 r disks it's.. \n+00005ad0: 2020 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 \\\\?\\PhysicalD\n+00005ae0: 7269 7665 3c6e 756d 6265 723e 0a0a 2020 rive.. \n+00005af0: 2045 2e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 E.g... # gr\n+00005b00: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 205c 5c3f 5c50 ub-install \\\\?\\P\n+00005b10: 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 300a 0a20 hysicalDrive0.. \n+00005b20: 2020 4265 7761 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f Beware that yo\n+00005b30: 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6675 u may need to fu\n+00005b40: 7274 6865 7220 6573 6361 7065 2074 6865 rther escape the\n+00005b50: 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 6573 2064 6570 backslashes dep\n+00005b60: 656e 6469 6e67 0a6f 6e20 796f 7572 2073 ending.on your s\n+00005b70: 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 hell... When c\n+00005b80: 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 7769 7468 2063 7967 ompiled with cyg\n+00005b90: 7769 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 656e win support then\n+00005ba0: 2063 7967 7769 6e20 6472 6976 6520 6e61 cygwin drive na\n+00005bb0: 6d65 7320 6172 650a 6175 746f 6d61 7469 mes are.automati\n+00005bc0: 6361 6c6c 7920 7768 656e 206e 6565 6465 cally when neede\n+00005bd0: 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 d. E.g... #\n+00005be0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f64 grub-install /d\n+00005bf0: 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ev/sda....File: \n+00005c00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00005c10: 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 : Installation, \n+00005c20: 204e 6578 743a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 Next: Booting, \n+00005c30: 2050 7265 763a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 Prev: OS-specif\n+00005c40: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 ic notes about g\n+00005c50: 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 rub tools, Up: \n+00005c60: 546f 700a 0a34 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 Top..4 Installat\n+00005c70: 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ion.************\n+00005c80: 2a2a 0a0a 496e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 **..In order to \n+00005c90: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2061 7320 install GRUB as \n+00005ca0: 796f 7572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 your boot loader\n+00005cb0: 2c20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6669 , you need to fi\n+00005cc0: 7273 7420 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 7468 6520 rst install.the \n+00005cd0: 4752 5542 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 GRUB system and \n+00005ce0: 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 756e 6465 7220 utilities under \n+00005cf0: 796f 7572 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 206f your UNIX-like o\n+00005d00: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a perating system.\n+00005d10: 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 (*note Obtaining\n+00005d20: 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 and Building GR\n+00005d30: 5542 3a3a 292e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 UB::). You can \n+00005d40: 646f 2074 6869 7320 6569 7468 6572 2066 do this either f\n+00005d50: 726f 6d20 7468 650a 736f 7572 6365 2074 rom the.source t\n+00005d60: 6172 6261 6c6c 2c20 6f72 2061 7320 6120 arball, or as a \n+00005d70: 7061 636b 6167 6520 666f 7220 796f 7572 package for your\n+00005d80: 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 2079 OS... After y\n+00005d90: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 646f 6e65 2074 6861 ou have done tha\n+00005da0: 742c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 t, you need to i\n+00005db0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 nstall the boot \n+00005dc0: 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 610a 6472 6976 loader on a.driv\n+00005dd0: 6520 2866 6c6f 7070 7920 6f72 2068 6172 e (floppy or har\n+00005de0: 6420 6469 736b 2920 6279 2075 7369 6e67 d disk) by using\n+00005df0: 2074 6865 2075 7469 6c69 7479 20e2 8098 the utility ...\n+00005e00: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 grub-install... \n+00005e10: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a49 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (*note.Invoking \n+00005e20: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 grub-install::) \n+00005e30: 6f6e 2061 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 204f on a UNIX-like O\n+00005e40: 532e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d65 S... GRUB come\n+00005e50: 7320 7769 7468 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 s with boot imag\n+00005e60: 6573 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 6e6f es, which are no\n+00005e70: 726d 616c 6c79 2070 7574 2069 6e20 7468 rmally put in th\n+00005e80: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a e280 982f e directory..../\n+00005e90: 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f3c 6370 usr/lib/grub/-...\n+00005eb0: 2028 666f 7220 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 (for BIOS-based\n+00005ec0: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 730a e280 982f 7573 machines..../us\n+00005ed0: 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d r/lib/grub/i386-\n+00005ee0: 7063 e280 9929 2e20 2048 6572 6561 6674 pc...). Hereaft\n+00005ef0: 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 er, the director\n+00005f00: 7920 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2069 6d61 y where GRUB ima\n+00005f10: 6765 730a 6172 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c6c ges.are initiall\n+00005f20: 7920 706c 6163 6564 2028 6e6f 726d 616c y placed (normal\n+00005f30: 6c79 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 ly .../usr/lib/g\n+00005f40: 7275 622f 3c63 7075 3e2d 3c70 6c61 7466 rub/-...) will be\n+00005f60: 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 e280 9c69 .called the ...i\n+00005f70: 6d61 6765 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 mage directory..\n+00005f80: 9d2c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 ., and the direc\n+00005f90: 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2062 tory where the b\n+00005fa0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a6e 6565 6473 oot loader.needs\n+00005fb0: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6d20 2875 to find them (u\n+00005fc0: 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 sually .../boot.\n+00005fd0: 8099 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 6c6c ..) will be call\n+00005fe0: 6564 2074 6865 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 0a64 ed the ...boot.d\n+00005ff0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2e 0a0a 2a20 irectory......* \n+00006000: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c Menu:..* Install\n+00006010: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 ing GRUB using g\n+00006020: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 rub-install::.* \n+00006030: 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f Making a GRUB bo\n+00006040: 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a0a otable CD-ROM::.\n+00006050: 2a20 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 0a2a * Device map::.*\n+00006060: 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 BIOS installati\n+00006070: 6f6e 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 on::....File: gr\n+00006080: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00006090: 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 Installing GRUB \n+000060a0: 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 using grub-insta\n+000060b0: 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 616b 696e ll, Next: Makin\n+000060c0: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a GRUB bootabl\n+000060d0: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 e CD-ROM, Up: I\n+000060e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e31 nstallation..4.1\n+000060f0: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 Installing GRUB\n+00006100: 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 using grub-inst\n+00006110: 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d all.============\n 00006120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006140: 0a0a 466f 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f ..For informatio\n-00006150: 6e20 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 n on where GRUB \n-00006160: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 696e 7374 616c should be instal\n-00006170: 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 led on PC BIOS p\n-00006180: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 latforms,.*note \n-00006190: 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f BIOS installatio\n-000061a0: 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 n::... In orde\n-000061b0: 7220 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 r to install GRU\n-000061c0: 4220 756e 6465 7220 6120 554e 4958 2d6c B under a UNIX-l\n-000061d0: 696b 6520 4f53 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 ike OS (such as \n-000061e0: 474e 5529 2c20 696e 766f 6b65 0a74 6865 GNU), invoke.the\n-000061f0: 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 program ...grub\n-00006200: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f -install... (*no\n-00006210: 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 te Invoking grub\n-00006220: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6173 2074 -install::) as t\n-00006230: 6865 0a73 7570 6572 7573 6572 2028 e280 he.superuser (..\n-00006240: 9c72 6f6f 74e2 809d 292e 0a0a 2020 2054 .root...)... T\n-00006250: 6865 2075 7361 6765 2069 7320 6261 7369 he usage is basi\n-00006260: 6361 6c6c 7920 7665 7279 2073 696d 706c cally very simpl\n-00006270: 652e 2020 596f 7520 6f6e 6c79 206e 6565 e. You only nee\n-00006280: 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 206f 6e65 d to specify one\n-00006290: 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 .argument to the\n-000062a0: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2c20 6e61 6d65 6c79 program, namely\n-000062b0: 2c20 7768 6572 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 , where to insta\n-000062c0: 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 ll the boot load\n-000062d0: 6572 2e20 2054 6865 0a61 7267 756d 656e er. The.argumen\n-000062e0: 7420 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6569 7468 t has to be eith\n-000062f0: 6572 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 er a device file\n-00006300: 2028 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 (like .../dev/h\n-00006310: 6461 e280 9929 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 da...). For exa\n-00006320: 6d70 6c65 2c0a 756e 6465 7220 4c69 6e75 mple,.under Linu\n-00006330: 7820 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 x the following \n-00006340: 7769 6c6c 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 will install GRU\n-00006350: 4220 696e 746f 2074 6865 204d 4252 206f B into the MBR o\n-00006360: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 4944 4520 f the first.IDE \n-00006370: 6469 736b 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 disk:.. # gr\n-00006380: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f ub-install /dev/\n-00006390: 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 sda.. Likewise\n-000063a0: 2c20 756e 6465 7220 474e 552f 4875 7264 , under GNU/Hurd\n-000063b0: 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6173 2074 6865 2073 , this has the s\n-000063c0: 616d 6520 6566 6665 6374 3a0a 0a20 2020 ame effect:.. \n-000063d0: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n-000063e0: 202f 6465 762f 6864 300a 0a20 2020 4275 /dev/hd0.. Bu\n-000063f0: 7420 616c 6c20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 t all the above \n-00006400: 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 7373 756d 6520 examples assume \n-00006410: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 that GRUB should\n-00006420: 2070 7574 2069 6d61 6765 7320 756e 6465 put images unde\n-00006430: 720a 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 r.the .../boot..\n-00006440: 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 2020 4966 . directory. If\n-00006450: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 4752 5542 2074 you want GRUB t\n-00006460: 6f20 7075 7420 696d 6167 6573 2075 6e64 o put images und\n-00006470: 6572 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6f er a directory.o\n-00006480: 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 e280 982f 626f ther than .../bo\n-00006490: 6f74 e280 992c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 ot..., you need \n-000064a0: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f to specify the o\n-000064b0: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d ption ...--boot-\n-000064c0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 79e2 8099 2e0a 5468 directory.....Th\n-000064d0: 6520 7479 7069 6361 6c20 7573 6167 6520 e typical usage \n-000064e0: 6973 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6372 6561 is that you crea\n-000064f0: 7465 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 2066 te a GRUB boot f\n-00006500: 6c6f 7070 7920 7769 7468 2061 0a66 696c loppy with a.fil\n-00006510: 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 4865 7265 2069 esystem. Here i\n-00006520: 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 s an example:.. \n-00006530: 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6532 6673 202f 6465 # mke2fs /de\n-00006540: 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 206d 6f75 v/fd0. # mou\n-00006550: 6e74 202d 7420 6578 7432 202f 6465 762f nt -t ext2 /dev/\n-00006560: 6664 3020 2f6d 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2320 fd0 /mnt. # \n-00006570: 6d6b 6469 7220 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 740a mkdir /mnt/boot.\n-00006580: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n-00006590: 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 all --boot-direc\n-000065a0: 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 202f tory=/mnt/boot /\n-000065b0: 6465 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 2075 dev/fd0. # u\n-000065c0: 6d6f 756e 7420 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 2053 mount /mnt.. S\n-000065d0: 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 6573 2068 6176 6520 ome BIOSes have \n-000065e0: 6120 6275 6720 6f66 2065 7870 6f73 696e a bug of exposin\n-000065f0: 6720 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 g the first part\n-00006600: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 2055 5342 2064 ition of a USB d\n-00006610: 7269 7665 0a61 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 rive.as a floppy\n-00006620: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 6578 706f instead of expo\n-00006630: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2055 5342 2064 7269 sing the USB dri\n-00006640: 7665 2061 7320 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 ve as a hard dis\n-00006650: 6b20 2874 6865 7920 6361 6c6c 0a69 7420 k (they call.it \n-00006660: 2255 5342 2d46 4444 2220 626f 6f74 292e \"USB-FDD\" boot).\n-00006670: 2020 496e 2073 7563 6820 6361 7365 732c In such cases,\n-00006680: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 you need to ins\n-00006690: 7461 6c6c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a tall like this:.\n-000066a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6c6f 7365 7475 7020 . # losetup \n-000066b0: 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6465 762f /dev/loop0 /dev/\n-000066c0: 7364 6231 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6f 756e sdb1. # moun\n-000066d0: 7420 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6d6e t /dev/loop0 /mn\n-000066e0: 742f 7573 620a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 t/usb. # gru\n-000066f0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 b-install --boot\n-00006700: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f -directory=/mnt/\n-00006710: 7573 622f 6275 6762 696f 7320 2d2d 666f usb/bugbios --fo\n-00006720: 7263 6520 2d2d 616c 6c6f 772d 666c 6f70 rce --allow-flop\n-00006730: 7079 202f 6465 762f 6c6f 6f70 300a 0a20 py /dev/loop0.. \n-00006740: 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2064 This install d\n-00006750: 6f65 736e 2774 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 oesn't conflict \n-00006760: 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e with standard in\n-00006770: 7374 616c 6c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 stall as long as\n-00006780: 2074 6865 790a 6172 6520 696e 2073 6570 they.are in sep\n-00006790: 6172 6174 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 arate directorie\n-000067a0: 732e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4546 4920 7379 s... On EFI sy\n-000067b0: 7374 656d 7320 666f 7220 6669 7865 6420 stems for fixed \n-000067c0: 6469 736b 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2079 6f75 disk install you\n-000067d0: 2068 6176 6520 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2045 have to mount E\n-000067e0: 4649 2053 7973 7465 6d0a 5061 7274 6974 FI System.Partit\n-000067f0: 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206d 6f75 ion. If you mou\n-00006800: 6e74 2069 7420 6174 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f nt it at .../boo\n-00006810: 742f 6566 69e2 8099 2074 6865 6e20 796f t/efi... then yo\n-00006820: 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 2061 6e79 u don't need any\n-00006830: 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e .special argumen\n-00006840: 7473 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 ts:.. # grub\n-00006850: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 -install.. Oth\n-00006860: 6572 7769 7365 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 erwise you need \n-00006870: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2077 6865 7265 to specify where\n-00006880: 2079 6f75 7220 4546 4920 5379 7374 656d your EFI System\n-00006890: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 6d6f partition is.mo\n-000068a0: 756e 7465 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 unted:.. # g\n-000068b0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 rub-install --ef\n-000068c0: 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 i-directory=/mnt\n-000068d0: 2f65 6669 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2072 656d /efi.. For rem\n-000068e0: 6f76 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 ovable installs \n-000068f0: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2074 6f20 7573 6520 you have to use \n-00006900: e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 e280 ...--removable..\n-00006910: 9920 616e 6420 7370 6563 6966 7920 626f . and specify bo\n-00006920: 7468 0ae2 8098 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 th....--boot-dir\n-00006930: 6563 746f 7279 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 ectory... and ..\n-00006940: 982d 2d65 6669 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 .--efi-directory\n-00006950: e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 ...:.. # gru\n-00006960: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d b-install --efi-\n-00006970: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 directory=/mnt/u\n-00006980: 7362 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 sb --boot-direct\n-00006990: 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 2f62 6f6f ory=/mnt/usb/boo\n-000069a0: 7420 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 650a 0a1f t --removable...\n-000069b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000069c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 616b 696e 6720 , Node: Making \n-000069d0: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n-000069e0: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 CD-ROM, Next: D\n-000069f0: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 evice map, Prev\n-00006a00: 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 : Installing GRU\n-00006a10: 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 B using grub-ins\n-00006a20: 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 tall, Up: Insta\n-00006a30: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e32 204d 616b llation..4.2 Mak\n-00006a40: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a GRUB boota\n-00006a50: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ble CD-ROM.=====\n+00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 466f 7220 ==========..For \n+00006140: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2077 information on w\n+00006150: 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 here GRUB should\n+00006160: 2062 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e be installed on\n+00006170: 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 PC BIOS platfor\n+00006180: 6d73 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 ms,.*note BIOS i\n+00006190: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a nstallation::...\n+000061a0: 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2069 In order to i\n+000061b0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 nstall GRUB unde\n+000061c0: 7220 6120 554e 4958 2d6c 696b 6520 4f53 r a UNIX-like OS\n+000061d0: 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 474e 5529 2c20 (such as GNU), \n+000061e0: 696e 766f 6b65 0a74 6865 2070 726f 6772 invoke.the progr\n+000061f0: 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 am ...grub-insta\n+00006200: 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 ll... (*note Inv\n+00006210: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 oking grub-insta\n+00006220: 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6173 2074 6865 0a73 7570 ll::) as the.sup\n+00006230: 6572 7573 6572 2028 e280 9c72 6f6f 74e2 eruser (...root.\n+00006240: 809d 292e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2075 7361 ..)... The usa\n+00006250: 6765 2069 7320 6261 7369 6361 6c6c 7920 ge is basically \n+00006260: 7665 7279 2073 696d 706c 652e 2020 596f very simple. Yo\n+00006270: 7520 6f6e 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 u only need to s\n+00006280: 7065 6369 6679 206f 6e65 0a61 7267 756d pecify one.argum\n+00006290: 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 ent to the progr\n+000062a0: 616d 2c20 6e61 6d65 6c79 2c20 7768 6572 am, namely, wher\n+000062b0: 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 e to install the\n+000062c0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 boot loader. T\n+000062d0: 6865 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 6861 7320 he.argument has \n+000062e0: 746f 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 2064 to be either a d\n+000062f0: 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2028 6c69 6b65 evice file (like\n+00006300: 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 6461 e280 9929 .../dev/hda...)\n+00006310: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a . For example,.\n+00006320: 756e 6465 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 7468 6520 under Linux the \n+00006330: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2069 following will i\n+00006340: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f nstall GRUB into\n+00006350: 2074 6865 204d 4252 206f 6620 7468 6520 the MBR of the \n+00006360: 6669 7273 740a 4944 4520 6469 736b 3a0a first.IDE disk:.\n+00006370: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 . # grub-ins\n+00006380: 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 tall /dev/sda.. \n+00006390: 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 756e 6465 Likewise, unde\n+000063a0: 7220 474e 552f 4875 7264 2c20 7468 6973 r GNU/Hurd, this\n+000063b0: 2068 6173 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6566 has the same ef\n+000063c0: 6665 6374 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 fect:.. # gr\n+000063d0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f ub-install /dev/\n+000063e0: 6864 300a 0a20 2020 4275 7420 616c 6c20 hd0.. But all \n+000063f0: 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 6578 616d 706c the above exampl\n+00006400: 6573 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 2047 es assume that G\n+00006410: 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 7574 2069 RUB should put i\n+00006420: 6d61 6765 7320 756e 6465 720a 7468 6520 mages under.the \n+00006430: e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6469 7265 .../boot... dire\n+00006440: 6374 6f72 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2077 ctory. If you w\n+00006450: 616e 7420 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7075 7420 ant GRUB to put \n+00006460: 696d 6167 6573 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2064 images under a d\n+00006470: 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6f 7468 6572 2074 irectory.other t\n+00006480: 6861 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 992c han .../boot...,\n+00006490: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 you need to spe\n+000064a0: 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 cify the option \n+000064b0: e280 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 ...--boot-direct\n+000064c0: 6f72 79e2 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 7479 7069 ory.....The typi\n+000064d0: 6361 6c20 7573 6167 6520 6973 2074 6861 cal usage is tha\n+000064e0: 7420 796f 7520 6372 6561 7465 2061 2047 t you create a G\n+000064f0: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 RUB boot floppy \n+00006500: 7769 7468 2061 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 with a.filesyste\n+00006510: 6d2e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 m. Here is an e\n+00006520: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 xample:.. # \n+00006530: 6d6b 6532 6673 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a mke2fs /dev/fd0.\n+00006540: 2020 2020 2023 206d 6f75 6e74 202d 7420 # mount -t \n+00006550: 6578 7432 202f 6465 762f 6664 3020 2f6d ext2 /dev/fd0 /m\n+00006560: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6469 7220 nt. # mkdir \n+00006570: 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2023 /mnt/boot. #\n+00006580: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d grub-install --\n+00006590: 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f boot-directory=/\n+000065a0: 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f 6664 mnt/boot /dev/fd\n+000065b0: 300a 2020 2020 2023 2075 6d6f 756e 7420 0. # umount \n+000065c0: 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 /mnt.. Some BI\n+000065d0: 4f53 6573 2068 6176 6520 6120 6275 6720 OSes have a bug \n+000065e0: 6f66 2065 7870 6f73 696e 6720 7468 6520 of exposing the \n+000065f0: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 first partition \n+00006600: 6f66 2061 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 0a61 of a USB drive.a\n+00006610: 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2069 6e73 7465 s a floppy inste\n+00006620: 6164 206f 6620 6578 706f 7369 6e67 2074 ad of exposing t\n+00006630: 6865 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 2061 7320 he USB drive as \n+00006640: 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 2874 6865 a hard disk (the\n+00006650: 7920 6361 6c6c 0a69 7420 2255 5342 2d46 y call.it \"USB-F\n+00006660: 4444 2220 626f 6f74 292e 2020 496e 2073 DD\" boot). In s\n+00006670: 7563 6820 6361 7365 732c 2079 6f75 206e uch cases, you n\n+00006680: 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206c eed to install l\n+00006690: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike this:.. \n+000066a0: 2320 6c6f 7365 7475 7020 2f64 6576 2f6c # losetup /dev/l\n+000066b0: 6f6f 7030 202f 6465 762f 7364 6231 0a20 oop0 /dev/sdb1. \n+000066c0: 2020 2020 2320 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 # mount /dev\n+000066d0: 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6d6e 742f 7573 620a /loop0 /mnt/usb.\n+000066e0: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n+000066f0: 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 all --boot-direc\n+00006700: 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 7573 622f 6275 tory=/mnt/usb/bu\n+00006710: 6762 696f 7320 2d2d 666f 7263 6520 2d2d gbios --force --\n+00006720: 616c 6c6f 772d 666c 6f70 7079 202f 6465 allow-floppy /de\n+00006730: 762f 6c6f 6f70 300a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 v/loop0.. This\n+00006740: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2064 6f65 736e 2774 install doesn't\n+00006750: 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 7769 7468 2073 conflict with s\n+00006760: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 tandard install \n+00006770: 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 790a as long as they.\n+00006780: 6172 6520 696e 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 are in separate \n+00006790: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 directories... \n+000067a0: 204f 6e20 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d 7320 On EFI systems \n+000067b0: 666f 7220 6669 7865 6420 6469 736b 2069 for fixed disk i\n+000067c0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 nstall you have \n+000067d0: 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2045 4649 2053 7973 to mount EFI Sys\n+000067e0: 7465 6d0a 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 tem.Partition. \n+000067f0: 4966 2079 6f75 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7420 If you mount it \n+00006800: 6174 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6566 69e2 at .../boot/efi.\n+00006810: 8099 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 646f 6e27 .. then you don'\n+00006820: 7420 6e65 6564 2061 6e79 0a73 7065 6369 t need any.speci\n+00006830: 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 3a0a 0a20 al arguments:.. \n+00006840: 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 # grub-insta\n+00006850: 6c6c 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 ll.. Otherwise\n+00006860: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 you need to spe\n+00006870: 6369 6679 2077 6865 7265 2079 6f75 7220 cify where your \n+00006880: 4546 4920 5379 7374 656d 2070 6172 7469 EFI System parti\n+00006890: 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 6d6f 756e 7465 643a tion is.mounted:\n+000068a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e .. # grub-in\n+000068b0: 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 stall --efi-dire\n+000068c0: 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f65 6669 0a0a ctory=/mnt/efi..\n+000068d0: 2020 2046 6f72 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 For removable\n+000068e0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 796f 7520 6861 installs you ha\n+000068f0: 7665 2074 6f20 7573 6520 e280 982d 2d72 ve to use ...--r\n+00006900: 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 e280 9920 616e 6420 emovable... and \n+00006910: 7370 6563 6966 7920 626f 7468 0ae2 8098 specify both....\n+00006920: 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 --boot-directory\n+00006930: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d65 6669 ... and ...--efi\n+00006940: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 993a 0a0a -directory...:..\n+00006950: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n+00006960: 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 all --efi-direct\n+00006970: 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 202d 2d62 ory=/mnt/usb --b\n+00006980: 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d oot-directory=/m\n+00006990: 6e74 2f75 7362 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d2d 7265 nt/usb/boot --re\n+000069a0: 6d6f 7661 626c 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a movable....File:\n+000069b0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000069c0: 653a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 e: Making a GRUB\n+000069d0: 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d bootable CD-ROM\n+000069e0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 6576 6963 6520 , Next: Device \n+000069f0: 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7374 map, Prev: Inst\n+00006a00: 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e alling GRUB usin\n+00006a10: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 g grub-install, \n+00006a20: 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f Up: Installatio\n+00006a30: 6e0a 0a34 2e32 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 n..4.2 Making a \n+00006a40: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n+00006a50: 2d52 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d -ROM.===========\n 00006a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 ============..GR\n-00006a80: 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 UB supports the \n-00006a90: e280 9c6e 6f20 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 ...no emulation \n-00006aa0: 6d6f 6465 e280 9d20 696e 2074 6865 2045 mode... in the E\n-00006ab0: 6c20 546f 7269 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 l Torito specifi\n-00006ac0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2831 290a 282a 6e6f 7465 cation(1).(*note\n-00006ad0: 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 Making a GRUB b\n-00006ae0: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 ootable CD-ROM-F\n-00006af0: 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 ootnote-1::). T\n-00006b00: 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2079 his means that y\n-00006b10: 6f75 0a63 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 ou.can use the w\n-00006b20: 686f 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 6672 6f6d hole CD-ROM from\n-00006b30: 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 796f 7520 646f GRUB and you do\n-00006b40: 6e27 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 n't have to make\n-00006b50: 2061 2066 6c6f 7070 790a 6f72 2068 6172 a floppy.or har\n-00006b60: 6420 6469 736b 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c d disk image fil\n-00006b70: 652c 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2063 6175 e, which can cau\n-00006b80: 7365 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 se compatibility\n-00006b90: 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 problems... F\n-00006ba0: 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 or booting from \n-00006bb0: 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 4752 5542 2075 a CD-ROM, GRUB u\n-00006bc0: 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 696d ses a special im\n-00006bd0: 6167 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 0ae2 8098 6364 age called....cd\n-00006be0: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 2077 6869 boot.img..., whi\n-00006bf0: 6368 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 ch is concatenat\n-00006c00: 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 9863 6f72 652e ed with ...core.\n-00006c10: 696d 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 img.... The ...\n-00006c20: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 7573 6564 core.img....used\n-00006c30: 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 for this should\n-00006c40: 2062 6520 6275 696c 7420 7769 7468 2061 be built with a\n-00006c50: 7420 6c65 6173 7420 7468 6520 e280 9869 t least the ...i\n-00006c60: 736f 3936 3630 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 so9660... and ..\n-00006c70: 9862 696f 7364 6973 6be2 8099 0a6d 6f64 .biosdisk....mod\n-00006c80: 756c 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 7220 626f 6f74 ules. Your boot\n-00006c90: 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 7769 6c6c able CD-ROM will\n-00006ca0: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 usually also ne\n-00006cb0: 6564 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 610a ed to include a.\n-00006cc0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-00006cd0: 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 le ...grub.cfg..\n-00006ce0: 9920 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 . and some other\n-00006cf0: 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a GRUB modules...\n-00006d00: 2020 2054 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 696d To make a sim\n-00006d10: 706c 6520 6765 6e65 7269 6320 4752 5542 ple generic GRUB\n-00006d20: 2072 6573 6375 6520 4344 2c20 796f 7520 rescue CD, you \n-00006d30: 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 650a e280 9867 can use the....g\n-00006d40: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 rub-mkrescue... \n-00006d50: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 program (*note I\n-00006d60: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n-00006d70: 6573 6375 653a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 escue::):.. \n-00006d80: 2420 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 $ grub-mkrescue \n-00006d90: 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 -o grub.iso.. \n-00006da0: 596f 7520 7769 6c6c 206f 6674 656e 206e You will often n\n-00006db0: 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206f eed to include o\n-00006dc0: 7468 6572 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 796f ther files in yo\n-00006dd0: 7572 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6f20 646f ur image. To do\n-00006de0: 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6972 7374 206d 616b .this, first mak\n-00006df0: 6520 6120 746f 7020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 e a top director\n-00006e00: 7920 666f 7220 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6162 y for the bootab\n-00006e10: 6c65 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 le image, say, .\n-00006e20: 8098 6973 6fe2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ..iso...:.. \n-00006e30: 2420 6d6b 6469 7220 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 $ mkdir iso.. \n-00006e40: 4d61 6b65 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 Make a directory\n-00006e50: 2066 6f72 2047 5255 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 for GRUB:.. \n-00006e60: 2024 206d 6b64 6972 202d 7020 6973 6f2f $ mkdir -p iso/\n-00006e70: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 4966 boot/grub.. If\n-00006e80: 2064 6573 6972 6564 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 desired, make t\n-00006e90: 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 20e2 he config file .\n-00006ea0: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 756e ..grub.cfg... un\n-00006eb0: 6465 7220 e280 9869 736f 2f62 6f6f 742f der ...iso/boot/\n-00006ec0: 6772 7562 e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 grub....(*note C\n-00006ed0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c onfiguration::),\n-00006ee0: 2061 6e64 2063 6f70 7920 616e 7920 6669 and copy any fi\n-00006ef0: 6c65 7320 616e 6420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 les and director\n-00006f00: 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 6469 7363 ies for the disc\n-00006f10: 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 .to the director\n-00006f20: 7920 e280 9869 736f 2fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 y ...iso/...... \n-00006f30: 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 206d 616b 6520 Finally, make \n-00006f40: 7468 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 the image:.. \n-00006f50: 2024 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 $ grub-mkrescue\n-00006f60: 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f 2069 736f -o grub.iso iso\n-00006f70: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7072 6f64 7563 .. This produc\n-00006f80: 6573 2061 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 es a file named \n-00006f90: e280 9867 7275 622e 6973 6fe2 8099 2c20 ...grub.iso..., \n-00006fa0: 7768 6963 6820 7468 656e 2063 616e 2062 which then can b\n-00006fb0: 6520 6275 726e 6564 2069 6e74 6f0a 6120 e burned into.a \n-00006fc0: 4344 2028 6f72 2061 2044 5644 292c 206f CD (or a DVD), o\n-00006fd0: 7220 7772 6974 7465 6e20 746f 2061 2055 r written to a U\n-00006fe0: 5342 206d 6173 7320 7374 6f72 6167 6520 SB mass storage \n-00006ff0: 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 device... The \n-00007000: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 6c6c root device will\n-00007010: 2062 6520 7365 7420 7570 2061 7070 726f be set up appro\n-00007020: 7072 6961 7465 6c79 206f 6e20 656e 7465 priately on ente\n-00007030: 7269 6e67 2079 6f75 720a e280 9867 7275 ring your....gru\n-00007040: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 b.cfg... configu\n-00007050: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2073 6f20 ration file, so \n-00007060: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7265 6665 7220 746f you can refer to\n-00007070: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6f6e 2074 file names on t\n-00007080: 6865 2043 440a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 he CD.without ne\n-00007090: 6564 696e 6720 746f 2075 7365 2061 6e20 eding to use an \n-000070a0: 6578 706c 6963 6974 2064 6576 6963 6520 explicit device \n-000070b0: 6e61 6d65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 name. This make\n-000070c0: 7320 6974 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a70 s it easier to.p\n-000070d0: 726f 6475 6365 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d roduce rescue im\n-000070e0: 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2077 ages that will w\n-000070f0: 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2062 6f74 6820 6f70 7469 ork on both opti\n-00007100: 6361 6c20 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2055 cal drives and U\n-00007110: 5342 206d 6173 730a 7374 6f72 6167 6520 SB mass.storage \n-00007120: 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 devices.....File\n-00007130: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00007140: 6465 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 de: Making a GRU\n-00007150: 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f B bootable CD-RO\n-00007160: 4d2d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 M-Footnotes, Up\n-00007170: 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 : Making a GRUB \n-00007180: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d0a bootable CD-ROM.\n-00007190: 0a20 2020 2831 2920 456c 2054 6f72 6974 . (1) El Torit\n-000071a0: 6f20 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 o is a specifica\n-000071b0: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f 7461 626c tion for bootabl\n-000071c0: 6520 4344 2075 7369 6e67 2042 494f 530a e CD using BIOS.\n-000071d0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 functions.....Fi\n-000071e0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000071f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 Node: Device map\n-00007200: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 494f 5320 696e , Next: BIOS in\n-00007210: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 stallation, Pre\n-00007220: 763a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 v: Making a GRUB\n-00007230: 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d bootable CD-ROM\n-00007240: 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 , Up: Installat\n-00007250: 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e33 2054 6865 206d 6170 ion..4.3 The map\n-00007260: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 between BIOS dr\n-00007270: 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 ives and OS devi\n-00007280: 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ces.============\n+00006a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 ======..GRUB sup\n+00006a80: 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6e 6f20 ports the ...no \n+00006a90: 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 e280 emulation mode..\n+00006aa0: 9d20 696e 2074 6865 2045 6c20 546f 7269 . in the El Tori\n+00006ab0: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e to specification\n+00006ac0: 2831 290a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e (1).(*note Makin\n+00006ad0: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a GRUB bootabl\n+00006ae0: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 e CD-ROM-Footnot\n+00006af0: 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 e-1::). This me\n+00006b00: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 0a63 616e ans that you.can\n+00006b10: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2043 use the whole C\n+00006b20: 442d 524f 4d20 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 D-ROM from GRUB \n+00006b30: 616e 6420 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6861 and you don't ha\n+00006b40: 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2066 6c6f ve to make a flo\n+00006b50: 7070 790a 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b ppy.or hard disk\n+00006b60: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 image file, whi\n+00006b70: 6368 2063 616e 2063 6175 7365 2063 6f6d ch can cause com\n+00006b80: 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2070 726f 626c patibility probl\n+00006b90: 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2062 6f6f ems... For boo\n+00006ba0: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 ting from a CD-R\n+00006bb0: 4f4d 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 OM, GRUB uses a \n+00006bc0: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6361 special image ca\n+00006bd0: 6c6c 6564 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 lled....cdboot.i\n+00006be0: 6d67 e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 mg..., which is \n+00006bf0: 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6564 2077 6974 concatenated wit\n+00006c00: 6820 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 h ...core.img...\n+00006c10: 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 . The ...core.i\n+00006c20: 6d67 e280 990a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 mg....used for t\n+00006c30: 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6275 his should be bu\n+00006c40: 696c 7420 7769 7468 2061 7420 6c65 6173 ilt with at leas\n+00006c50: 7420 7468 6520 e280 9869 736f 3936 3630 t the ...iso9660\n+00006c60: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9862 696f 7364 ... and ...biosd\n+00006c70: 6973 6be2 8099 0a6d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 isk....modules. \n+00006c80: 2059 6f75 7220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 Your bootable C\n+00006c90: 442d 524f 4d20 7769 6c6c 2075 7375 616c D-ROM will usual\n+00006ca0: 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 ly also need to \n+00006cb0: 696e 636c 7564 6520 610a 636f 6e66 6967 include a.config\n+00006cc0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 uration file ...\n+00006cd0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 616e 6420 grub.cfg... and \n+00006ce0: 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 some other GRUB \n+00006cf0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 modules... To \n+00006d00: 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 6765 make a simple ge\n+00006d10: 6e65 7269 6320 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 neric GRUB rescu\n+00006d20: 6520 4344 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 e CD, you can us\n+00006d30: 6520 7468 650a e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b e the....grub-mk\n+00006d40: 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 rescue... progra\n+00006d50: 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e m (*note Invokin\n+00006d60: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a g grub-mkrescue:\n+00006d70: 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 7562 :):.. $ grub\n+00006d80: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 -mkrescue -o gru\n+00006d90: 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 596f 7520 7769 b.iso.. You wi\n+00006da0: 6c6c 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 746f ll often need to\n+00006db0: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206f 7468 6572 2066 include other f\n+00006dc0: 696c 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2069 6d61 iles in your ima\n+00006dd0: 6765 2e20 2054 6f20 646f 0a74 6869 732c ge. To do.this,\n+00006de0: 2066 6972 7374 206d 616b 6520 6120 746f first make a to\n+00006df0: 7020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 666f 7220 p directory for \n+00006e00: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2069 6d61 the bootable ima\n+00006e10: 6765 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 8098 6973 6fe2 ge, say, ...iso.\n+00006e20: 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6d6b 6469 ..:.. $ mkdi\n+00006e30: 7220 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 r iso.. Make a\n+00006e40: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2066 6f72 2047 directory for G\n+00006e50: 5255 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 206d 6b64 RUB:.. $ mkd\n+00006e60: 6972 202d 7020 6973 6f2f 626f 6f74 2f67 ir -p iso/boot/g\n+00006e70: 7275 620a 0a20 2020 4966 2064 6573 6972 rub.. If desir\n+00006e80: 6564 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2063 6f6e ed, make the con\n+00006e90: 6669 6720 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 fig file ...grub\n+00006ea0: 2e63 6667 e280 9920 756e 6465 7220 e280 .cfg... under ..\n+00006eb0: 9869 736f 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 .iso/boot/grub..\n+00006ec0: 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 ..(*note Configu\n+00006ed0: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2063 ration::), and c\n+00006ee0: 6f70 7920 616e 7920 6669 6c65 7320 616e opy any files an\n+00006ef0: 6420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 7320 666f d directories fo\n+00006f00: 7220 7468 6520 6469 7363 0a74 6f20 7468 r the disc.to th\n+00006f10: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9869 e directory ...i\n+00006f20: 736f 2fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 6e61 so/...... Fina\n+00006f30: 6c6c 792c 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 696d lly, make the im\n+00006f40: 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 7275 age:.. $ gru\n+00006f50: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 b-mkrescue -o gr\n+00006f60: 7562 2e69 736f 2069 736f 0a0a 2020 2054 ub.iso iso.. T\n+00006f70: 6869 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6573 2061 2066 his produces a f\n+00006f80: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9867 7275 ile named ...gru\n+00006f90: 622e 6973 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 b.iso..., which \n+00006fa0: 7468 656e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6275 726e then can be burn\n+00006fb0: 6564 2069 6e74 6f0a 6120 4344 2028 6f72 ed into.a CD (or\n+00006fc0: 2061 2044 5644 292c 206f 7220 7772 6974 a DVD), or writ\n+00006fd0: 7465 6e20 746f 2061 2055 5342 206d 6173 ten to a USB mas\n+00006fe0: 7320 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 s storage device\n+00006ff0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 ... The root d\n+00007000: 6576 6963 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 evice will be se\n+00007010: 7420 7570 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 t up appropriate\n+00007020: 6c79 206f 6e20 656e 7465 7269 6e67 2079 ly on entering y\n+00007030: 6f75 720a e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 our....grub.cfg.\n+00007040: 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e .. configuration\n+00007050: 2066 696c 652c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 file, so you ca\n+00007060: 6e20 7265 6665 7220 746f 2066 696c 6520 n refer to file \n+00007070: 6e61 6d65 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2043 440a names on the CD.\n+00007080: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 without needing \n+00007090: 746f 2075 7365 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 to use an explic\n+000070a0: 6974 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 it device name. \n+000070b0: 2054 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 This makes it e\n+000070c0: 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a70 726f 6475 6365 asier to.produce\n+000070d0: 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 6573 2074 rescue images t\n+000070e0: 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e hat will work on\n+000070f0: 2062 6f74 6820 6f70 7469 6361 6c20 6472 both optical dr\n+00007100: 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2055 5342 206d 6173 ives and USB mas\n+00007110: 730a 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 s.storage device\n+00007120: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+00007130: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 .info, Node: Ma\n+00007140: 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 king a GRUB boot\n+00007150: 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d2d 466f 6f74 able CD-ROM-Foot\n+00007160: 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4d61 6b69 notes, Up: Maki\n+00007170: 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 ng a GRUB bootab\n+00007180: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d0a 0a20 2020 2831 le CD-ROM.. (1\n+00007190: 2920 456c 2054 6f72 6974 6f20 6973 2061 ) El Torito is a\n+000071a0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 specification f\n+000071b0: 6f72 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2075 or bootable CD u\n+000071c0: 7369 6e67 2042 494f 530a 6675 6e63 7469 sing BIOS.functi\n+000071d0: 6f6e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ons.....File: gr\n+000071e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000071f0: 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 Device map, Nex\n+00007200: 743a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 t: BIOS installa\n+00007210: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 616b tion, Prev: Mak\n+00007220: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a GRUB boota\n+00007230: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a ble CD-ROM, Up:\n+00007240: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 Installation..4\n+00007250: 2e33 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 .3 The map betwe\n+00007260: 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 en BIOS drives a\n+00007270: 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 730a 3d3d nd OS devices.==\n+00007280: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00007290: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000072b0: 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 ==..If the devic\n-000072c0: 6520 6d61 7020 6669 6c65 2065 7869 7374 e map file exist\n-000072d0: 732c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c s, the GRUB util\n-000072e0: 6974 6965 7320 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 ities (...grub-p\n-000072f0: 726f 6265 e280 992c 2065 7463 2e29 0a72 robe..., etc.).r\n-00007300: 6561 6420 6974 2074 6f20 6d61 7020 4249 ead it to map BI\n-00007310: 4f53 2064 7269 7665 7320 746f 204f 5320 OS drives to OS \n-00007320: 6465 7669 6365 732e 2020 5468 6973 2066 devices. This f\n-00007330: 696c 6520 636f 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 ile consists of \n-00007340: 6c69 6e65 730a 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a lines.like this:\n-00007350: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 2920 .. (DEVICE) \n-00007360: 4649 4c45 0a0a 2020 2044 4556 4943 4520 FILE.. DEVICE \n-00007370: 6973 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 is a drive speci\n-00007380: 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 fied in the GRUB\n-00007390: 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 syntax (*note D\n-000073a0: 6576 6963 650a 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c evice.syntax::),\n-000073b0: 2061 6e64 2046 494c 4520 6973 2061 6e20 and FILE is an \n-000073c0: 4f53 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 OS file, which i\n-000073d0: 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6576 s normally a dev\n-000073e0: 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 ice file... Hi\n-000073f0: 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 storically, the \n-00007400: 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 device map file \n-00007410: 7761 7320 7573 6564 2062 6563 6175 7365 was used because\n-00007420: 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d GRUB device nam\n-00007430: 6573 0a68 6164 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 es.had to be use\n-00007440: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 d in the configu\n-00007450: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 6e64 ration file, and\n-00007460: 2074 6865 7920 7765 7265 2064 6572 6976 they were deriv\n-00007470: 6564 2066 726f 6d0a 4249 4f53 2064 7269 ed from.BIOS dri\n-00007480: 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e20 2054 6865 ve numbers. The\n-00007490: 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f map between BIO\n-000074a0: 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 S drives and OS \n-000074b0: 6465 7669 6365 7320 6361 6e6e 6f74 0a61 devices cannot.a\n-000074c0: 6c77 6179 7320 6265 2067 7565 7373 6564 lways be guessed\n-000074d0: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 correctly: for \n-000074e0: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2047 5255 4220 7769 example, GRUB wi\n-000074f0: 6c6c 2067 6574 2074 6865 206f 7264 6572 ll get the order\n-00007500: 2077 726f 6e67 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6578 wrong.if you ex\n-00007510: 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 change the boot \n-00007520: 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 6574 7765 656e sequence between\n-00007530: 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 4920 696e IDE and SCSI in\n-00007540: 2079 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2020 your BIOS... \n-00007550: 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c 792c 2065 Unfortunately, e\n-00007560: 7665 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 ven OS device na\n-00007570: 6d65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 7761 mes are not alwa\n-00007580: 7973 2073 7461 626c 652e 2020 4d6f 6465 ys stable. Mode\n-00007590: 726e 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 rn.versions of t\n-000075a0: 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 he Linux kernel \n-000075b0: 6d61 7920 7072 6f62 6520 6472 6976 6573 may probe drives\n-000075c0: 2069 6e20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 in a different \n-000075d0: 6f72 6465 7220 6672 6f6d 0a62 6f6f 7420 order from.boot \n-000075e0: 746f 2062 6f6f 742c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 to boot, and the\n-000075f0: 2070 7265 6669 7820 28e2 8098 2f64 6576 prefix (.../dev\n-00007600: 2f68 642a e280 9920 7665 7273 7573 20e2 /hd*... versus .\n-00007610: 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 642a e280 9929 206d ../dev/sd*...) m\n-00007620: 6179 2063 6861 6e67 650a 6465 7065 6e64 ay change.depend\n-00007630: 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 ing on the drive\n-00007640: 7220 7375 6273 7973 7465 6d20 696e 2075 r subsystem in u\n-00007650: 7365 2e20 2041 7320 6120 7265 7375 6c74 se. As a result\n-00007660: 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 , the device map\n-00007670: 0a66 696c 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 2066 .file required f\n-00007680: 7265 7175 656e 7420 6564 6974 696e 6720 requent editing \n-00007690: 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 656d 732e on some systems.\n-000076a0: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 6176 6f69 6473 .. GRUB avoids\n-000076b0: 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 6e6f this problem no\n-000076c0: 7761 6461 7973 2062 7920 7573 696e 6720 wadays by using \n-000076d0: 5555 4944 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 UUIDs or file sy\n-000076e0: 7374 656d 0a6c 6162 656c 7320 7768 656e stem.labels when\n-000076f0: 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 e280 9867 generating ...g\n-00007700: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 rub.cfg..., and \n-00007710: 7765 2061 6476 6973 6520 7468 6174 2079 we advise that y\n-00007720: 6f75 2064 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a66 ou do the same.f\n-00007730: 6f72 2061 6e79 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6d65 or any custom me\n-00007740: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2079 6f75 2077 nu entries you w\n-00007750: 7269 7465 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6465 rite. If the de\n-00007760: 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 646f vice map file do\n-00007770: 6573 206e 6f74 0a65 7869 7374 2c20 7468 es not.exist, th\n-00007780: 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c en the GRUB util\n-00007790: 6974 6965 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 7373 756d ities will assum\n-000077a0: 6520 6120 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 7920 6465 e a temporary de\n-000077b0: 7669 6365 206d 6170 206f 6e20 7468 650a vice map on the.\n-000077c0: 666c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6f66 fly. This is of\n-000077d0: 7465 6e20 676f 6f64 2065 6e6f 7567 682c ten good enough,\n-000077e0: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c 7920 696e particularly in\n-000077f0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e20 6361 7365 the common case\n-00007800: 206f 660a 7369 6e67 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 of.single-disk \n-00007810: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 systems... How\n-00007820: 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 ever, the device\n-00007830: 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 6973 206e 6f74 map file is not\n-00007840: 2065 6e74 6972 656c 7920 6f62 736f 6c65 entirely obsole\n-00007850: 7465 2079 6574 2c20 616e 6420 6974 2069 te yet, and it i\n-00007860: 730a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 206f 7665 7272 s.used for overr\n-00007870: 6964 696e 6720 7768 656e 2063 7572 7265 iding when curre\n-00007880: 6e74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2069 nt environment i\n-00007890: 7320 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6672 6f6d s different from\n-000078a0: 2074 6865 206f 6e65 0a6f 6e20 626f 6f74 the one.on boot\n-000078b0: 2e20 204d 6f73 7420 636f 6d6d 6f6e 2063 . Most common c\n-000078c0: 6173 6520 6973 2069 6620 796f 7520 7573 ase is if you us\n-000078d0: 6520 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 e a partition or\n-000078e0: 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 650a logical volume.\n-000078f0: 6173 2061 2064 6973 6b20 666f 7220 7669 as a disk for vi\n-00007900: 7274 7561 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 652e 2020 rtual machine. \n-00007910: 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7075 7420 616e 7920 You can put any \n-00007920: 636f 6d6d 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 comments in the \n-00007930: 6669 6c65 2069 660a 6e65 6564 6564 2c20 file if.needed, \n-00007940: 6173 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c as the GRUB util\n-00007950: 6974 6965 7320 6173 7375 6d65 2074 6861 ities assume tha\n-00007960: 7420 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 6a75 7374 t a line is just\n-00007970: 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2069 660a 7468 a comment if.th\n-00007980: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 e first characte\n-00007990: 7220 6973 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f r is ...#.......\n-000079a0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000079b0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 494f 5320 696e , Node: BIOS in\n-000079c0: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 stallation, Pre\n-000079d0: 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 v: Device map, \n-000079e0: 5570 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e Up: Installation\n-000079f0: 0a0a 342e 3420 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 ..4.4 BIOS insta\n-00007a00: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d llation.========\n-00007a10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4d =============..M\n-00007a20: 4252 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7061 7274 BR.===..The part\n-00007a30: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d ition table form\n-00007a40: 6174 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 at traditionally\n-00007a50: 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 used on PC BIOS\n-00007a60: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 730a 6361 platforms is.ca\n-00007a70: 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 204d 6173 7465 7220 lled the Master \n-00007a80: 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 Boot Record (MBR\n-00007a90: 2920 666f 726d 6174 3b20 7468 6973 2069 ) format; this i\n-00007aa0: 7320 7468 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 6861 s the format tha\n-00007ab0: 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 2075 7020 746f 2066 t.allows up to f\n-00007ac0: 6f75 7220 7072 696d 6172 7920 7061 7274 our primary part\n-00007ad0: 6974 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2061 6464 6974 itions and addit\n-00007ae0: 696f 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 7061 ional logical pa\n-00007af0: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 5769 7468 2074 rtitions..With t\n-00007b00: 6869 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 his partition ta\n-00007b10: 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7468 6572 ble format, ther\n-00007b20: 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 e are two ways t\n-00007b30: 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 3a20 o install GRUB: \n-00007b40: 6974 0a63 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 it.can be embedd\n-00007b50: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6172 6561 2062 ed in the area b\n-00007b60: 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 204d 4252 2061 etween the MBR a\n-00007b70: 6e64 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 nd the first par\n-00007b80: 7469 7469 6f6e 0a28 6361 6c6c 6564 2062 tition.(called b\n-00007b90: 7920 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6e61 6d65 732c y various names,\n-00007ba0: 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2022 626f such as the \"bo\n-00007bb0: 6f74 2074 7261 636b 222c 2022 4d42 5220 ot track\", \"MBR \n-00007bc0: 6761 7022 2c20 6f72 0a22 656d 6265 6464 gap\", or.\"embedd\n-00007bd0: 696e 6720 6172 6561 222c 2061 6e64 2077 ing area\", and w\n-00007be0: 6869 6368 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 hich is usually \n-00007bf0: 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 at least 1000 Ki\n-00007c00: 4229 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a B), or the core.\n-00007c10: 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2069 6e73 image can be ins\n-00007c20: 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 6120 6669 6c65 talled in a file\n-00007c30: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 6120 6c69 system and a li\n-00007c40: 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 st of the blocks\n-00007c50: 2074 6861 740a 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 7570 that.make it up\n-00007c60: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7374 6f72 6564 2069 can be stored i\n-00007c70: 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 n the first sect\n-00007c80: 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6174 2070 6172 7469 or of that parti\n-00007c90: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6465 726e tion... Modern\n-00007ca0: 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c tools usually l\n-00007cb0: 6561 7665 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f 6620 eave MBR gap of \n-00007cc0: 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3032 3320 4b69 at least 1023 Ki\n-00007cd0: 422e 2054 6869 7320 616d 6f75 6e74 0a69 B. This amount.i\n-00007ce0: 7320 7375 6666 6963 6965 6e74 2074 6f20 s sufficient to \n-00007cf0: 636f 7665 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6f6e 6669 cover most confi\n-00007d00: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4865 6e63 gurations. Henc\n-00007d10: 6520 7468 6973 2076 616c 7565 2069 730a e this value is.\n-00007d20: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6279 2074 recommended by t\n-00007d30: 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2e0a 0a20 he GRUB team... \n-00007d40: 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 206d Historically m\n-00007d50: 616e 7920 746f 6f6c 7320 6c65 6674 206f any tools left o\n-00007d60: 6e6c 7920 3331 204b 6942 206f 6620 7370 nly 31 KiB of sp\n-00007d70: 6163 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f ace. This is no\n-00007d80: 740a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 7061 7273 t.enough to pars\n-00007d90: 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c79 2064 6966 6669 e reliably diffi\n-00007da0: 6375 6c74 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 cult structures \n-00007db0: 6c69 6b65 2042 7472 6673 2c20 5a46 532c like Btrfs, ZFS,\n-00007dc0: 2052 4149 4420 6f72 0a4c 564d 2c20 6f72 RAID or.LVM, or\n-00007dd0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6469 6666 6963 756c to use difficul\n-00007de0: 7420 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d65 t disk access me\n-00007df0: 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 2061 6863 692e thods like ahci.\n-00007e00: 2020 4865 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c Hence GRUB wil\n-00007e10: 6c0a 7761 726e 2069 6620 6174 7465 6d70 l.warn if attemp\n-00007e20: 7465 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 ted to install i\n-00007e30: 6e74 6f20 736d 616c 6c20 4d42 5220 6761 nto small MBR ga\n-00007e40: 7020 6578 6365 7074 2069 6e20 6120 736d p except in a sm\n-00007e50: 616c 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 0a6f 6620 636f all number.of co\n-00007e60: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6861 nfigurations tha\n-00007e70: 7420 7765 7265 2067 7261 6e64 6661 7468 t were grandfath\n-00007e80: 6572 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2067 7261 6e64 ered. The grand\n-00007e90: 6661 7468 6572 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 670a fathered config.\n-00007ea0: 6d75 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7573 must:.. ... us\n-00007eb0: 6520 6269 6f73 6469 736b 2061 7320 6469 e biosdisk as di\n-00007ec0: 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 sk access module\n-00007ed0: 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 for .../boot...\n-00007ee0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206e 6f74 2075 7365 .. ... not use\n-00007ef0: 2061 6e79 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 any additional \n-00007f00: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7073 2074 partition maps t\n-00007f10: 6f20 6163 6365 7373 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f o access .../boo\n-00007f20: 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 t..... ... ...\n-00007f30: 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 /boot... must be\n-00007f40: 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f66 2066 6f6c 6c6f on one of follo\n-00007f50: 7769 6e67 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 wing filesystems\n-00007f60: 3a20 4146 4653 2c20 4146 532c 2042 4653 : AFFS, AFS, BFS\n-00007f70: 2c0a 2020 2020 2063 7069 6f2c 206e 6577 ,. cpio, new\n-00007f80: 632c 206f 6463 2c20 6578 7432 2f33 2f34 c, odc, ext2/3/4\n-00007f90: 2c20 4641 542c 2065 7846 4154 2c20 4632 , FAT, exFAT, F2\n-00007fa0: 4653 2c20 4846 532c 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 FS, HFS, uncompr\n-00007fb0: 6573 7365 640a 2020 2020 2048 4653 2b2c essed. HFS+,\n-00007fc0: 2049 534f 3936 3630 2c20 4a46 532c 204d ISO9660, JFS, M\n-00007fd0: 696e 6978 2c20 4d69 6e69 7832 2c20 4d69 inix, Minix2, Mi\n-00007fe0: 6e69 7833 2c20 4e49 4c46 5332 2c20 4e54 nix3, NILFS2, NT\n-00007ff0: 4653 2c20 5265 6973 6572 4653 2c0a 2020 FS, ReiserFS,. \n-00008000: 2020 2052 4f4d 4653 2c20 5346 532c 2074 ROMFS, SFS, t\n-00008010: 6172 2c20 5544 462c 2055 4653 312c 2055 ar, UDF, UFS1, U\n-00008020: 4653 322c 2058 4653 0a0a 2020 204d 4252 FS2, XFS.. MBR\n-00008030: 2067 6170 2068 6173 2066 6577 2074 6563 gap has few tec\n-00008040: 686e 6963 616c 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e hnical problems.\n-00008050: 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7761 There is no wa\n-00008060: 7920 746f 2072 6573 6572 7665 2073 7061 y to reserve spa\n-00008070: 6365 0a69 6e20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 ce.in the embedd\n-00008080: 696e 6720 6172 6561 2077 6974 6820 636f ing area with co\n-00008090: 6d70 6c65 7465 2073 6166 6574 792c 2061 mplete safety, a\n-000080a0: 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 7072 6f70 7269 6574 nd some propriet\n-000080b0: 6172 790a 736f 6674 7761 7265 2069 7320 ary.software is \n-000080c0: 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2075 7365 2069 7420 known to use it \n-000080d0: 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 2064 6966 6669 to make it diffi\n-000080e0: 6375 6c74 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7273 2074 cult for users t\n-000080f0: 6f20 776f 726b 0a61 726f 756e 6420 6c69 o work.around li\n-00008100: 6365 6e73 696e 6720 7265 7374 7269 6374 censing restrict\n-00008110: 696f 6e73 2e20 2047 5255 4220 776f 726b ions. 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The GR\n-000083e0: 5542 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2074 UB development t\n-000083f0: 6561 6d20 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7265 eam generally re\n-00008400: 636f 6d6d 656e 6473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 commends embeddi\n-00008410: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6265 666f 7265 0a74 ng GRUB before.t\n-00008420: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n-00008430: 6f6e 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 2068 on, unless you h\n-00008440: 6176 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7265 7175 ave special requ\n-00008450: 6972 656d 656e 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 206d irements. 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This\n-000085c0: 2077 6173 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 was.specified a\n-000085d0: 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 4578 s part of the Ex\n-000085e0: 7465 6e73 6962 6c65 2046 6972 6d77 6172 tensible Firmwar\n-000085f0: 6520 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 2845 4649 e Interface (EFI\n-00008600: 292c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6361 6e0a 616c ), but it can.al\n-00008610: 736f 2062 6520 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4249 so be used on BI\n-00008620: 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 6620 OS platforms if \n-00008630: 7379 7374 656d 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 system software \n-00008640: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2069 743b 2066 6f72 supports it; for\n-00008650: 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2061 .example, GRUB a\n-00008660: 6e64 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2063 616e nd GNU/Linux can\n-00008670: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6973 be used in this\n-00008680: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 configuration. \n-00008690: 2057 6974 680a 7468 6973 2066 6f72 6d61 With.this forma\n-000086a0: 742c 2069 7420 6973 2070 6f73 7369 626c t, it is possibl\n-000086b0: 6520 746f 2072 6573 6572 7665 2061 2077 e to reserve a w\n-000086c0: 686f 6c65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 hole partition f\n-000086d0: 6f72 2047 5255 422c 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 or GRUB,.called \n-000086e0: 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 the BIOS Boot Pa\n-000086f0: 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4752 5542 2063 rtition. 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When creatin\n-000087c0: 6720 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 g a BIOS Boot Pa\n-000087d0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2061 2047 5054 rtition on a GPT\n-000087e0: 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2079 6f75 2073 686f system, you sho\n-000087f0: 756c 6420 6d61 6b65 0a73 7572 6520 7468 uld make.sure th\n-00008800: 6174 2069 7420 6973 2061 7420 6c65 6173 at it is at leas\n-00008810: 7420 3331 204b 6942 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 t 31 KiB in size\n-00008820: 2e20 2028 4750 542d 666f 726d 6174 7465 . (GPT-formatte\n-00008830: 6420 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 740a d disks are not.\n-00008840: 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 7061 7274 6963 756c usually particul\n-00008850: 6172 6c79 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 736f 2077 arly small, so w\n-00008860: 6520 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 e recommend that\n-00008870: 2079 6f75 206d 616b 6520 6974 206c 6172 you make it lar\n-00008880: 6765 7220 7468 616e 0a74 6865 2062 6172 ger than.the bar\n-00008890: 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 e minimum, such \n-000088a0: 6173 2031 204d 6942 2c20 746f 2061 6c6c as 1 MiB, to all\n-000088b0: 6f77 2070 6c65 6e74 7920 6f66 2072 6f6f ow plenty of roo\n-000088c0: 6d20 666f 7220 6772 6f77 7468 2e29 0a59 m for growth.).Y\n-000088d0: 6f75 206d 7573 7420 616c 736f 206d 616b ou must also mak\n-000088e0: 6520 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 6974 2068 e sure that it h\n-000088f0: 6173 2074 6865 2070 726f 7065 7220 7061 as the proper pa\n-00008900: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2e20 2055 rtition type. U\n-00008910: 7369 6e67 0a47 4e55 2050 6172 7465 642c sing.GNU Parted,\n-00008920: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 6574 2074 6869 you can set thi\n-00008930: 7320 7573 696e 6720 6120 636f 6d6d 616e s using a comman\n-00008940: 6420 7375 6368 2061 7320 7468 6520 666f d such as the fo\n-00008950: 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 llowing:.. #\n-00008960: 2070 6172 7465 6420 2f64 6576 2f44 4953 parted /dev/DIS\n-00008970: 4b20 7365 7420 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e2d K set PARTITION-\n-00008980: 4e55 4d42 4552 2062 696f 735f 6772 7562 NUMBER bios_grub\n-00008990: 206f 6e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 on.. If you a\n-000089a0: 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2067 6469 736b 2c20 re using gdisk, \n-000089b0: 7365 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f set the partitio\n-000089c0: 6e20 7479 7065 2074 6f20 e280 9830 7845 n type to ...0xE\n-000089d0: 4630 32e2 8099 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7061 F02.... With.pa\n-000089e0: 7274 6974 696f 6e69 6e67 2070 726f 6772 rtitioning progr\n-000089f0: 616d 7320 7468 6174 2072 6571 7569 7265 ams that require\n-00008a00: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2047 5549 setting the GUI\n-00008a10: 4420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6974 2073 D directly, it s\n-00008a20: 686f 756c 640a 6265 20e2 8098 3231 3638 hould.be ...2168\n-00008a30: 3631 3438 2d36 3434 392d 3665 3666 2d37 6148-6449-6e6f-7\n-00008a40: 3434 6536 3536 3536 3434 3534 3634 39e2 44e656564454649.\n-00008a50: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e ..... *Caution\n-00008a60: 3a2a 2042 6520 7665 7279 2063 6172 6566 :* Be very caref\n-00008a70: 756c 2077 6869 6368 2070 6172 7469 7469 ul which partiti\n-00008a80: 6f6e 2079 6f75 2073 656c 6563 7421 2020 on you select! \n-00008a90: 5768 656e 2047 5255 420a 6669 6e64 7320 When GRUB.finds \n-00008aa0: 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 a BIOS Boot Part\n-00008ab0: 6974 696f 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2069 6e73 ition during ins\n-00008ac0: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2069 7420 7769 tallation, it wi\n-00008ad0: 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 ll automatically\n-00008ae0: 0a6f 7665 7277 7269 7465 2070 6172 7420 .overwrite part \n-00008af0: 6f66 2069 742e 2020 4d61 6b65 2073 7572 of it. Make sur\n-00008b00: 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 e that the parti\n-00008b10: 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f tion does not co\n-00008b20: 6e74 6169 6e20 616e 790a 6f74 6865 7220 ntain any.other \n-00008b30: 6461 7461 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 data.....File: g\n-00008b40: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00008b50: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a Booting, Next:\n-00008b60: 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 Configuration, \n-00008b70: 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 Prev: Installat\n-00008b80: 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a35 ion, Up: Top..5\n-00008b90: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a Booting.*******\n-00008ba0: 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e 206c 6f61 **..GRUB can loa\n-00008bb0: 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 d Multiboot-comp\n-00008bc0: 6c69 616e 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e liant kernels in\n-00008bd0: 2061 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 656e 7420 7761 a consistent wa\n-00008be0: 792c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a73 6f6d 6520 y, but for.some \n-00008bf0: 6672 6565 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 free operating s\n-00008c00: 7973 7465 6d73 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 ystems you need \n-00008c10: 746f 2075 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 4f53 2d73 to use some OS-s\n-00008c20: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6d61 6769 632e 0a0a pecific magic...\n-00008c30: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 656e 6572 * Menu:..* Gener\n-00008c40: 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 733a al boot methods:\n-00008c50: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 : How to \n-00008c60: 626f 6f74 204f 5365 7320 7769 7468 2047 boot OSes with G\n-00008c70: 5255 4220 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 790a 2a20 RUB generally.* \n-00008c80: 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 Loopback booting\n-00008c90: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f :: No\n-00008ca0: 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 tes on booting f\n-00008cb0: 726f 6d20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 730a 2a20 rom loopbacks.* \n-00008cc0: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e LVM cache bootin\n-00008cd0: 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f g:: No\n-00008ce0: 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 tes on booting f\n-00008cf0: 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f rom LVM cache lo\n-00008d00: 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a2a 204f gical volume.* O\n-00008d10: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n-00008d20: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 :: Not\n-00008d30: 6573 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 es on some opera\n-00008d40: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a0a 1f0a ting systems....\n-00008d50: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00008d60: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 Node: General \n-00008d70: 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 204e boot methods, N\n-00008d80: 6578 743a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f ext: Loopback bo\n-00008d90: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 oting, Up: Boot\n-00008da0: 696e 670a 0a35 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 ing..5.1 How to \n-00008db0: 626f 6f74 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 boot operating s\n-00008dc0: 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ystems.=========\n+000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 ============..If\n+000072b0: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7020 the device map \n+000072c0: 6669 6c65 2065 7869 7374 732c 2074 6865 file exists, the\n+000072d0: 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 GRUB utilities \n+000072e0: 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 (...grub-probe..\n+000072f0: 992c 2065 7463 2e29 0a72 6561 6420 6974 ., etc.).read it\n+00007300: 2074 6f20 6d61 7020 4249 4f53 2064 7269 to map BIOS dri\n+00007310: 7665 7320 746f 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 ves to OS device\n+00007320: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2066 696c 6520 636f s. This file co\n+00007330: 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 6c69 6e65 730a nsists of lines.\n+00007340: 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 like this:.. \n+00007350: 2028 4445 5649 4345 2920 4649 4c45 0a0a (DEVICE) FILE..\n+00007360: 2020 2044 4556 4943 4520 6973 2061 2064 DEVICE is a d\n+00007370: 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 rive specified i\n+00007380: 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 796e 7461 n the GRUB synta\n+00007390: 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 650a x (*note Device.\n+000073a0: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2046 syntax::), and F\n+000073b0: 494c 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 2066 696c ILE is an OS fil\n+000073c0: 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 726d e, which is norm\n+000073d0: 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 ally a device fi\n+000073e0: 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 le... 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Unfort\n+00007550: 756e 6174 656c 792c 2065 7665 6e20 4f53 unately, even OS\n+00007560: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 device names ar\n+00007570: 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 7761 7973 2073 7461 e not always sta\n+00007580: 626c 652e 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 0a76 6572 ble. 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G\n+000076a0: 5255 4220 6176 6f69 6473 2074 6869 7320 RUB avoids this \n+000076b0: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 problem nowadays\n+000076c0: 2062 7920 7573 696e 6720 5555 4944 7320 by using UUIDs \n+000076d0: 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a6c or file system.l\n+000076e0: 6162 656c 7320 7768 656e 2067 656e 6572 abels when gener\n+000076f0: 6174 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 ating ...grub.cf\n+00007700: 67e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 7765 2061 6476 g..., and we adv\n+00007710: 6973 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 ise that you do \n+00007720: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a66 6f72 2061 6e79 the same.for any\n+00007730: 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 custom menu ent\n+00007740: 7269 6573 2079 6f75 2077 7269 7465 2e20 ries you write. \n+00007750: 2049 6620 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d If the device m\n+00007760: 6170 2066 696c 6520 646f 6573 206e 6f74 ap file does not\n+00007770: 0a65 7869 7374 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 .exist, then the\n+00007780: 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 GRUB utilities \n+00007790: 7769 6c6c 2061 7373 756d 6520 6120 7465 will assume a te\n+000077a0: 6d70 6f72 6172 7920 6465 7669 6365 206d mporary device m\n+000077b0: 6170 206f 6e20 7468 650a 666c 792e 2020 ap on the.fly. \n+000077c0: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 676f This is often go\n+000077d0: 6f64 2065 6e6f 7567 682c 2070 6172 7469 od enough, parti\n+000077e0: 6375 6c61 726c 7920 696e 2074 6865 2063 cularly in the c\n+000077f0: 6f6d 6d6f 6e20 6361 7365 206f 660a 7369 ommon case of.si\n+00007800: 6e67 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 7374 656d ngle-disk system\n+00007810: 732e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 s... 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You ca\n+00007910: 6e20 7075 7420 616e 7920 636f 6d6d 656e n put any commen\n+00007920: 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2069 ts in the file i\n+00007930: 660a 6e65 6564 6564 2c20 6173 2074 6865 f.needed, as the\n+00007940: 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 GRUB utilities \n+00007950: 6173 7375 6d65 2074 6861 7420 6120 6c69 assume that a li\n+00007960: 6e65 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 2063 6f6d ne is just a com\n+00007970: 6d65 6e74 2069 660a 7468 6520 6669 7273 ment if.the firs\n+00007980: 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 6973 20e2 t character is .\n+00007990: 8098 23e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ..#........File:\n+000079a0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000079b0: 653a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 e: BIOS installa\n+000079c0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2044 6576 tion, Prev: Dev\n+000079d0: 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5570 3a20 496e ice map, Up: In\n+000079e0: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 0a0a 342e 3420 stallation..4.4 \n+000079f0: 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f BIOS installatio\n+00007a00: 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d n.==============\n+00007a10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4d 4252 0a3d 3d3d =======..MBR.===\n+00007a20: 0a0a 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 ..The partition \n+00007a30: 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 7261 table format tra\n+00007a40: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6420 ditionally used \n+00007a50: 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 on PC BIOS platf\n+00007a60: 6f72 6d73 2069 730a 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 orms is.called t\n+00007a70: 6865 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 he Master Boot R\n+00007a80: 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 666f 726d ecord (MBR) form\n+00007a90: 6174 3b20 7468 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 at; this is the \n+00007aa0: 666f 726d 6174 2074 6861 740a 616c 6c6f format that.allo\n+00007ab0: 7773 2075 7020 746f 2066 6f75 7220 7072 ws up to four pr\n+00007ac0: 696d 6172 7920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 imary partitions\n+00007ad0: 2061 6e64 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 and additional \n+00007ae0: 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f logical partitio\n+00007af0: 6e73 2e0a 5769 7468 2074 6869 7320 7061 ns..With this pa\n+00007b00: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f rtition table fo\n+00007b10: 726d 6174 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 rmat, there are \n+00007b20: 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 696e 7374 two ways to inst\n+00007b30: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 3a20 6974 0a63 616e all GRUB: it.can\n+00007b40: 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e20 be embedded in \n+00007b50: 7468 6520 6172 6561 2062 6574 7765 656e the area between\n+00007b60: 2074 6865 204d 4252 2061 6e64 2074 6865 the MBR and the\n+00007b70: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first partition\n+00007b80: 0a28 6361 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 .(called by vari\n+00007b90: 6f75 7320 6e61 6d65 732c 2073 7563 6820 ous names, such \n+00007ba0: 6173 2074 6865 2022 626f 6f74 2074 7261 as the \"boot tra\n+00007bb0: 636b 222c 2022 4d42 5220 6761 7022 2c20 ck\", \"MBR gap\", \n+00007bc0: 6f72 0a22 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6172 or.\"embedding ar\n+00007bd0: 6561 222c 2061 6e64 2077 6869 6368 2069 ea\", and which i\n+00007be0: 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6174 206c 6561 s usually at lea\n+00007bf0: 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 4229 2c20 6f72 st 1000 KiB), or\n+00007c00: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 6520 the core.image \n+00007c10: 6361 6e20 6265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 can be installed\n+00007c20: 2069 6e20 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 in a file syste\n+00007c30: 6d20 616e 6420 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 m and a list of \n+00007c40: 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 2074 6861 740a the blocks that.\n+00007c50: 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 7570 2063 616e 2062 make it up can b\n+00007c60: 6520 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e stored in the \n+00007c70: 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 first sector of \n+00007c80: 7468 6174 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a that partition..\n+00007c90: 0a20 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 2074 6f6f 6c73 . 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G\n+000081a0: 5255 4220 7465 616d 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 RUB team recomme\n+000081b0: 6e64 7320 6861 7669 6e67 204d 4252 2067 nds having MBR g\n+000081c0: 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 ap of at least 1\n+000081d0: 3030 3020 4b69 422e 0a0a 2020 2053 686f 000 KiB... Sho\n+000081e0: 756c 6420 6974 206e 6f74 2062 6520 706f uld it not be po\n+000081f0: 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2068 6173 ssible, GRUB has\n+00008200: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2061 2066 support for a f\n+00008210: 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e allback solution\n+00008220: 0a77 6869 6368 2069 7320 6865 6176 696c .which is heavil\n+00008230: 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6167 y recommended ag\n+00008240: 6169 6e73 742e 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 ainst. Installi\n+00008250: 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 ng to a filesyst\n+00008260: 656d 206d 6561 6e73 0a74 6861 7420 4752 em means.that GR\n+00008270: 5542 2069 7320 7675 6c6e 6572 6162 6c65 UB is vulnerable\n+00008280: 2074 6f20 6974 7320 626c 6f63 6b73 2062 to its blocks b\n+00008290: 6569 6e67 206d 6f76 6564 2061 726f 756e eing moved aroun\n+000082a0: 6420 6279 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a d by filesystem.\n+000082b0: 6665 6174 7572 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 features such as\n+000082c0: 2074 6169 6c20 7061 636b 696e 672c 206f tail packing, o\n+000082d0: 7220 6576 656e 2062 7920 6167 6772 6573 r even by aggres\n+000082e0: 7369 7665 2066 7363 6b0a 696d 706c 656d sive fsck.implem\n+000082f0: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2073 6f20 7468 entations, so th\n+00008300: 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 6820 6973 2071 is approach is q\n+00008310: 7569 7465 2066 7261 6769 6c65 3b20 616e uite fragile; an\n+00008320: 6420 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 680a d this approach.\n+00008330: 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 can only be used\n+00008340: 2069 6620 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 if the .../boot\n+00008350: e280 9920 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 ... filesystem i\n+00008360: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6469 s on the same di\n+00008370: 736b 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 4249 4f53 sk that the.BIOS\n+00008380: 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2c 2073 6f20 boots from, so \n+00008390: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 206e that GRUB does n\n+000083a0: 6f74 2068 6176 6520 746f 2072 656c 7920 ot have to rely \n+000083b0: 6f6e 2067 7565 7373 696e 6720 4249 4f53 on guessing BIOS\n+000083c0: 0a64 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e0a .drive numbers..\n+000083d0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 4752 5542 2064 6576 . The GRUB dev\n+000083e0: 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2074 6561 6d20 6765 elopment team ge\n+000083f0: 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e nerally recommen\n+00008400: 6473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2047 5255 ds embedding GRU\n+00008410: 4220 6265 666f 7265 0a74 6865 2066 6972 B before.the fir\n+00008420: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 756e st partition, un\n+00008430: 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7370 less you have sp\n+00008440: 6563 6961 6c20 7265 7175 6972 656d 656e ecial requiremen\n+00008450: 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 740a 656e ts. You must.en\n+00008460: 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6669 sure that the fi\n+00008470: 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7374 rst partition st\n+00008480: 6172 7473 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3130 arts at least 10\n+00008490: 3030 204b 6942 2028 3230 3030 2073 6563 00 KiB (2000 sec\n+000084a0: 746f 7273 290a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 tors).from the s\n+000084b0: 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 6469 736b tart of the disk\n+000084c0: 3b20 6f6e 206d 6f64 6572 6e20 6469 736b ; on modern disk\n+000084d0: 732c 2069 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e 2061 s, it is often a\n+000084e0: 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 0a61 6476 performance.adv\n+000084f0: 616e 7461 6765 2074 6f20 616c 6967 6e20 antage to align \n+00008500: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 6c61 partitions on la\n+00008510: 7267 6572 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 6965 7320 rger boundaries \n+00008520: 616e 7977 6179 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 anyway, so the f\n+00008530: 6972 7374 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d irst.partition m\n+00008540: 6967 6874 2073 7461 7274 2031 204d 6942 ight start 1 MiB\n+00008550: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 from the start \n+00008560: 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 4750 of the disk...GP\n+00008570: 540a 3d3d 3d0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 6e65 7765 T.===..Some newe\n+00008580: 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 7573 6520 7468 r systems use th\n+00008590: 6520 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e e GUID Partition\n+000085a0: 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2066 6f72 Table (GPT) for\n+000085b0: 6d61 742e 2020 5468 6973 2077 6173 0a73 mat. This was.s\n+000085c0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 7061 7274 pecified as part\n+000085d0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e73 6962 of the Extensib\n+000085e0: 6c65 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 496e 7465 le Firmware Inte\n+000085f0: 7266 6163 6520 2845 4649 292c 2062 7574 rface (EFI), but\n+00008600: 2069 7420 6361 6e0a 616c 736f 2062 6520 it can.also be \n+00008610: 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 used on BIOS pla\n+00008620: 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 6620 7379 7374 656d tforms if system\n+00008630: 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 software suppor\n+00008640: 7473 2069 743b 2066 6f72 0a65 7861 6d70 ts it; for.examp\n+00008650: 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2047 4e55 le, GRUB and GNU\n+00008660: 2f4c 696e 7578 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 /Linux can be us\n+00008670: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 ed in this confi\n+00008680: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2057 6974 680a guration. With.\n+00008690: 7468 6973 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2069 7420 this format, it \n+000086a0: 6973 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 2072 is possible to r\n+000086b0: 6573 6572 7665 2061 2077 686f 6c65 2070 eserve a whole p\n+000086c0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2047 5255 artition for GRU\n+000086d0: 422c 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 4249 B,.called the BI\n+000086e0: 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f OS Boot Partitio\n+000086f0: 6e2e 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e 2074 6865 n. GRUB can the\n+00008700: 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e n be embedded in\n+00008710: 746f 2074 6861 740a 7061 7274 6974 696f to that.partitio\n+00008720: 6e20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 7269 n without the ri\n+00008730: 736b 206f 6620 6265 696e 6720 6f76 6572 sk of being over\n+00008740: 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6279 206f 7468 6572 written by other\n+00008750: 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 616e 640a 7769 software and.wi\n+00008760: 7468 6f75 7420 6265 696e 6720 636f 6e74 thout being cont\n+00008770: 6169 6e65 6420 696e 2061 2066 696c 6573 ained in a files\n+00008780: 7973 7465 6d20 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 ystem which migh\n+00008790: 7420 6d6f 7665 2069 7473 2062 6c6f 636b t move its block\n+000087a0: 730a 6172 6f75 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 s.around... Wh\n+000087b0: 656e 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 4249 en creating a BI\n+000087c0: 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f OS Boot Partitio\n+000087d0: 6e20 6f6e 2061 2047 5054 2073 7973 7465 n on a GPT syste\n+000087e0: 6d2c 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6d61 m, you should ma\n+000087f0: 6b65 0a73 7572 6520 7468 6174 2069 7420 ke.sure that it \n+00008800: 6973 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3331 204b is at least 31 K\n+00008810: 6942 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2e20 2028 4750 iB in size. (GP\n+00008820: 542d 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6469 736b T-formatted disk\n+00008830: 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 740a 7573 7561 6c6c s are not.usuall\n+00008840: 7920 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2073 y particularly s\n+00008850: 6d61 6c6c 2c20 736f 2077 6520 7265 636f mall, so we reco\n+00008860: 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206d mmend that you m\n+00008870: 616b 6520 6974 206c 6172 6765 7220 7468 ake it larger th\n+00008880: 616e 0a74 6865 2062 6172 6520 6d69 6e69 an.the bare mini\n+00008890: 6d75 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2031 204d mum, such as 1 M\n+000088a0: 6942 2c20 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 6c65 iB, to allow ple\n+000088b0: 6e74 7920 6f66 2072 6f6f 6d20 666f 7220 nty of room for \n+000088c0: 6772 6f77 7468 2e29 0a59 6f75 206d 7573 growth.).You mus\n+000088d0: 7420 616c 736f 206d 616b 6520 7375 7265 t also make sure\n+000088e0: 2074 6861 7420 6974 2068 6173 2074 6865 that it has the\n+000088f0: 2070 726f 7065 7220 7061 7274 6974 696f proper partitio\n+00008900: 6e20 7479 7065 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 0a47 n type. Using.G\n+00008910: 4e55 2050 6172 7465 642c 2079 6f75 2063 NU Parted, you c\n+00008920: 616e 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 7573 696e an set this usin\n+00008930: 6720 6120 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7375 6368 g a command such\n+00008940: 2061 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e as the followin\n+00008950: 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2070 6172 7465 g:.. # parte\n+00008960: 6420 2f64 6576 2f44 4953 4b20 7365 7420 d /dev/DISK set \n+00008970: 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e2d 4e55 4d42 4552 PARTITION-NUMBER\n+00008980: 2062 696f 735f 6772 7562 206f 6e0a 0a20 bios_grub on.. \n+00008990: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2075 7369 If you are usi\n+000089a0: 6e67 2067 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 7468 ng gdisk, set th\n+000089b0: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 e partition type\n+000089c0: 2074 6f20 e280 9830 7845 4630 32e2 8099 to ...0xEF02...\n+000089d0: 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7061 7274 6974 696f . With.partitio\n+000089e0: 6e69 6e67 2070 726f 6772 616d 7320 7468 ning programs th\n+000089f0: 6174 2072 6571 7569 7265 2073 6574 7469 at require setti\n+00008a00: 6e67 2074 6865 2047 5549 4420 6469 7265 ng the GUID dire\n+00008a10: 6374 6c79 2c20 6974 2073 686f 756c 640a ctly, it should.\n+00008a20: 6265 20e2 8098 3231 3638 3631 3438 2d36 be ...21686148-6\n+00008a30: 3434 392d 3665 3666 2d37 3434 6536 3536 449-6e6f-744e656\n+00008a40: 3536 3434 3534 3634 39e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 564454649...... \n+00008a50: 2020 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2042 6520 *Caution:* Be \n+00008a60: 7665 7279 2063 6172 6566 756c 2077 6869 very careful whi\n+00008a70: 6368 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 ch partition you\n+00008a80: 2073 656c 6563 7421 2020 5768 656e 2047 select! When G\n+00008a90: 5255 420a 6669 6e64 7320 6120 4249 4f53 RUB.finds a BIOS\n+00008aa0: 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 Boot Partition \n+00008ab0: 6475 7269 6e67 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 during installat\n+00008ac0: 696f 6e2c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 ion, it will aut\n+00008ad0: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 0a6f 7665 7277 omatically.overw\n+00008ae0: 7269 7465 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2069 742e rite part of it.\n+00008af0: 2020 4d61 6b65 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 Make sure that\n+00008b00: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2064 the partition d\n+00008b10: 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 oes not contain \n+00008b20: 616e 790a 6f74 6865 7220 6461 7461 2e0a any.other data..\n+00008b30: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00008b40: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 6f6f 7469 fo, Node: Booti\n+00008b50: 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6e 6669 ng, Next: Confi\n+00008b60: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a guration, Prev:\n+00008b70: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 Installation, \n+00008b80: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a35 2042 6f6f 7469 Up: Top..5 Booti\n+00008b90: 6e67 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 ng.*********..GR\n+00008ba0: 5542 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 4d75 6c74 UB can load Mult\n+00008bb0: 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 iboot-compliant \n+00008bc0: 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2061 2063 6f6e kernels in a con\n+00008bd0: 7369 7374 656e 7420 7761 792c 2062 7574 sistent way, but\n+00008be0: 2066 6f72 0a73 6f6d 6520 6672 6565 206f for.some free o\n+00008bf0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n+00008c00: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 you need to use\n+00008c10: 2073 6f6d 6520 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 some OS-specifi\n+00008c20: 6320 6d61 6769 632e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 c magic...* Menu\n+00008c30: 3a0a 0a2a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f :..* General boo\n+00008c40: 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 733a 3a20 2020 2020 t methods:: \n+00008c50: 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 204f How to boot O\n+00008c60: 5365 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 6765 Ses with GRUB ge\n+00008c70: 6e65 7261 6c6c 790a 2a20 4c6f 6f70 6261 nerally.* Loopba\n+00008c80: 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2020 ck booting:: \n+00008c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e Notes on\n+00008ca0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6c6f booting from lo\n+00008cb0: 6f70 6261 636b 730a 2a20 4c56 4d20 6361 opbacks.* LVM ca\n+00008cc0: 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 che booting:: \n+00008cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e Notes on\n+00008ce0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 booting from LV\n+00008cf0: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 M cache logical \n+00008d00: 766f 6c75 6d65 0a2a 204f 532d 7370 6563 volume.* OS-spec\n+00008d10: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 ific notes:: \n+00008d20: 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 6573 206f 6e20 Notes on \n+00008d30: 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 some operating s\n+00008d40: 7973 7465 6d73 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ystems....File: \n+00008d50: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00008d60: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d : General boot m\n+00008d70: 6574 686f 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c ethods, Next: L\n+00008d80: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c oopback booting,\n+00008d90: 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 Up: Booting..5\n+00008da0: 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 206f .1 How to boot o\n+00008db0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n+00008dc0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n 00008dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00008de0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2068 ========..GRUB h\n-00008df0: 6173 2074 6872 6565 2064 6973 7469 6e63 as three distinc\n-00008e00: 7420 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 3a20 t boot methods: \n-00008e10: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 loading an opera\n-00008e20: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6469 7265 ting system.dire\n-00008e30: 6374 6c79 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6b65 7865 ctly, using kexe\n-00008e40: 6320 6672 6f6d 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 c from userspace\n-00008e50: 2c20 616e 6420 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 , and chainloadi\n-00008e60: 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 746c ng another.bootl\n-00008e70: 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4765 6e65 7261 6c6c oader. Generall\n-00008e80: 7920 7370 6561 6b69 6e67 2c20 7468 6520 y speaking, the \n-00008e90: 6669 7273 7420 7477 6f20 6172 6520 6d6f first two are mo\n-00008ea0: 7265 2064 6573 6972 6162 6c65 0a62 6563 re desirable.bec\n-00008eb0: 6175 7365 2079 6f75 2064 6f6e 2774 206e ause you don't n\n-00008ec0: 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206f eed to install o\n-00008ed0: 7220 6d61 696e 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 r maintain other\n-00008ee0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 616e boot loaders an\n-00008ef0: 640a 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 d.GRUB is flexib\n-00008f00: 6c65 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 746f 206c 6f61 le enough to loa\n-00008f10: 6420 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 d an operating s\n-00008f20: 7973 7465 6d20 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 6172 ystem from an ar\n-00008f30: 6269 7472 6172 790a 6469 736b 2f70 6172 bitrary.disk/par\n-00008f40: 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 tition. However\n-00008f50: 2c20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 , chainloading i\n-00008f60: 7320 736f 6d65 7469 6d65 7320 7265 7175 s sometimes requ\n-00008f70: 6972 6564 2c20 6173 2047 5255 420a 646f ired, as GRUB.do\n-00008f80: 6573 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c esn't support al\n-00008f90: 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 206f 7065 7261 l existing opera\n-00008fa0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 206e 6174 ting systems nat\n-00008fb0: 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a ively...* Menu:.\n-00008fc0: 0a2a 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 .* Loading an op\n-00008fd0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 erating system d\n-00008fe0: 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a0a 2a20 4b65 7865 irectly::.* Kexe\n-00008ff0: 633a 3a0a 2a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 c::.* Chain-load\n-00009000: 696e 673a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ing::....File: g\n-00009010: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00009020: 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 Loading an oper\n-00009030: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 ating system dir\n-00009040: 6563 746c 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4b65 ectly, Next: Ke\n-00009050: 7865 632c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 xec, Up: Genera\n-00009060: 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 0a0a l boot methods..\n-00009070: 352e 312e 3120 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 5.1.1 How to boo\n-00009080: 7420 616e 204f 5320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 t an OS directly\n-00009090: 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d with GRUB.-----\n+00008de0: 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2068 6173 2074 6872 ==..GRUB has thr\n+00008df0: 6565 2064 6973 7469 6e63 7420 626f 6f74 ee distinct boot\n+00008e00: 206d 6574 686f 6473 3a20 6c6f 6164 696e methods: loadin\n+00008e10: 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 g an operating s\n+00008e20: 7973 7465 6d0a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 ystem.directly, \n+00008e30: 7573 696e 6720 6b65 7865 6320 6672 6f6d using kexec from\n+00008e40: 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2c20 616e 6420 userspace, and \n+00008e50: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f chainloading ano\n+00008e60: 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 722e ther.bootloader.\n+00008e70: 2020 4765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7370 6561 Generally spea\n+00008e80: 6b69 6e67 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 king, the first \n+00008e90: 7477 6f20 6172 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 6573 two are more des\n+00008ea0: 6972 6162 6c65 0a62 6563 6175 7365 2079 irable.because y\n+00008eb0: 6f75 2064 6f6e 2774 206e 6565 6420 746f ou don't need to\n+00008ec0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206f 7220 6d61 696e install or main\n+00008ed0: 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 tain other boot \n+00008ee0: 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 616e 640a 4752 5542 loaders and.GRUB\n+00008ef0: 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2065 6e6f is flexible eno\n+00008f00: 7567 6820 746f 206c 6f61 6420 616e 206f ugh to load an o\n+00008f10: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 perating system \n+00008f20: 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 from an arbitrar\n+00008f30: 790a 6469 736b 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e y.disk/partition\n+00008f40: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6368 6169 . However, chai\n+00008f50: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 7320 736f 6d65 nloading is some\n+00008f60: 7469 6d65 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 times required, \n+00008f70: 6173 2047 5255 420a 646f 6573 6e27 7420 as GRUB.doesn't \n+00008f80: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 6578 6973 support all exis\n+00008f90: 7469 6e67 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 ting operating s\n+00008fa0: 7973 7465 6d73 206e 6174 6976 656c 792e ystems natively.\n+00008fb0: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204c 6f61 ..* Menu:..* Loa\n+00008fc0: 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e ding an operatin\n+00008fd0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c g system directl\n+00008fe0: 793a 3a0a 2a20 4b65 7865 633a 3a0a 2a20 y::.* Kexec::.* \n+00008ff0: 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a0a Chain-loading::.\n+00009000: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00009010: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 6469 fo, Node: Loadi\n+00009020: 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 ng an operating \n+00009030: 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c system directly,\n+00009040: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 Next: Kexec, \n+00009050: 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 Up: General boot\n+00009060: 206d 6574 686f 6473 0a0a 352e 312e 3120 methods..5.1.1 \n+00009070: 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 204f How to boot an O\n+00009080: 5320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2077 6974 6820 S directly with \n+00009090: 4752 5542 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d GRUB.-----------\n 000090a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000090b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000090c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 -----..Multiboot\n-000090d0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f (*note Multiboo\n-000090e0: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a t Specification:\n-000090f0: 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e (multiboot)Top.\n-00009100: 2920 6973 2074 6865 206e 6174 6976 650a ) is the native.\n-00009110: 666f 726d 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 format supported\n-00009120: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2e20 466f 7220 7468 by GRUB. For th\n-00009130: 6520 7361 6b65 206f 6620 636f 6e76 656e e sake of conven\n-00009140: 6965 6e63 652c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 ience, there is \n-00009150: 616c 736f 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 also.support for\n-00009160: 204c 696e 7578 2c20 4672 6565 4253 442c Linux, FreeBSD,\n-00009170: 204e 6574 4253 4420 616e 6420 4f70 656e NetBSD and Open\n-00009180: 4253 442e 2049 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 BSD. If you want\n-00009190: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 0a6f 7468 6572 206f to boot.other o\n-000091a0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n-000091b0: 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 , you will have \n-000091c0: 746f 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 to chain-load th\n-000091d0: 656d 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 4368 6169 6e2d em (*note.Chain-\n-000091e0: 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 loading::)... \n-000091f0: 4649 584d 453a 2074 6869 7320 7365 6374 FIXME: this sect\n-00009200: 696f 6e20 6973 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 ion is incomplet\n-00009210: 652e 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 756e 2074 6865 e... 1. Run the\n-00009220: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 command ...boot\n-00009230: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f 743a ... (*note boot:\n-00009240: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c :)... However,\n-00009250: 2044 4f53 2061 6e64 2057 696e 646f 7773 DOS and Windows\n-00009260: 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2064 6566 6963 have some defic\n-00009270: 6965 6e63 6965 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 iencies, so you \n-00009280: 6d69 6768 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f0a 7573 might have to.us\n-00009290: 6520 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6963 6174 e more complicat\n-000092a0: 6564 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 732e ed instructions.\n-000092b0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 444f 532f 5769 6e64 *Note DOS/Wind\n-000092c0: 6f77 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a ows::, for more.\n-000092d0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a information.....\n-000092e0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000092f0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 Node: Kexec, \n-00009300: 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 Next: Chain-load\n-00009310: 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 ing, Prev: Load\n-00009320: 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 ing an operating\n-00009330: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 system directly\n-00009340: 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 , Up: General b\n-00009350: 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 oot methods..5.1\n-00009360: 2e32 204b 6578 6563 2077 6974 6820 6772 .2 Kexec with gr\n-00009370: 7562 322d 656d 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ub2-emu.--------\n-00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00009390: 2d2d 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 --..GRUB can be \n-000093a0: 7275 6e20 696e 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 run in userspace\n-000093b0: 2062 7920 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 by invoking the\n-000093c0: 2067 7275 6232 2d65 6d75 2074 6f6f 6c2e grub2-emu tool.\n-000093d0: 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c0a 7265 6164 2061 It will.read a\n-000093e0: 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ll configuration\n-000093f0: 2073 6372 6970 7473 2061 7320 6966 2062 scripts as if b\n-00009400: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 ooting directly \n-00009410: 2873 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 204c 6f61 6469 (see *note Loadi\n-00009420: 6e67 0a61 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 ng.an operating \n-00009430: 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a system directly:\n-00009440: 3a29 2e20 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 :). With the ..\n-00009450: 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 .--kexec... flag\n-00009460: 2c20 616e 6420 6b65 7865 6328 3829 0a73 , and kexec(8).s\n-00009470: 7570 706f 7274 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 upport from the \n-00009480: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-00009490: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 , the ...linux..\n-000094a0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2064 . command will d\n-000094b0: 6972 6563 746c 790a 626f 6f74 2074 6865 irectly.boot the\n-000094c0: 2074 6172 6765 7420 696d 6167 652e 2020 target image. \n-000094d0: 466f 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 For systems that\n-000094e0: 206c 6163 6b20 776f 726b 696e 6720 7379 lack working sy\n-000094f0: 7374 656d 6374 6c28 3129 0a73 7570 706f stemctl(1).suppo\n-00009500: 7274 2066 6f72 206b 6578 6563 2c20 7061 rt for kexec, pa\n-00009510: 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b ssing the ...--k\n-00009520: 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 2074 7769 exec... flag twi\n-00009530: 6365 2077 696c 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b ce will fallback\n-00009540: 2074 6f0a 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 206b 6578 to.invoking kex\n-00009550: 6563 2838 2920 6469 7265 6374 6c79 3b20 ec(8) directly; \n-00009560: 6e6f 7465 2068 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6861 note however tha\n-00009570: 7420 7468 6973 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 t this fallback \n-00009580: 6d61 7920 6265 0a75 6e73 6166 6520 6f75 may be.unsafe ou\n-00009590: 7473 6964 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 tside read-only \n-000095a0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 6173 environments, as\n-000095b0: 2069 7420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6e76 it does not inv\n-000095c0: 6f6b 6520 7368 7574 646f 776e 0a6d 6163 oke shutdown.mac\n-000095d0: 6869 6e65 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a hinery.....File:\n-000095e0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000095f0: 653a 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 e: Chain-loading\n-00009600: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204b 6578 6563 2c20 , Prev: Kexec, \n-00009610: 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f Up: General boo\n-00009620: 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e33 t methods..5.1.3\n-00009630: 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 Chain-loading a\n-00009640: 6e20 4f53 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d n OS.-----------\n-00009650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00009660: 4f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d Operating system\n-00009670: 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 7375 s that do not su\n-00009680: 7070 6f72 7420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 pport Multiboot \n-00009690: 616e 6420 646f 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 and do not have \n-000096a0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 0a73 7570 706f 7274 specific.support\n-000096b0: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 7370 6563 6966 in GRUB (specif\n-000096c0: 6963 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 ic support is av\n-000096d0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 ailable for Linu\n-000096e0: 782c 2046 7265 6542 5344 2c0a 4e65 7442 x, FreeBSD,.NetB\n-000096f0: 5344 2061 6e64 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2920 SD and OpenBSD) \n-00009700: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f must be chain-lo\n-00009710: 6164 6564 2c20 7768 6963 6820 696e 766f aded, which invo\n-00009720: 6c76 6573 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f lves loading ano\n-00009730: 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 ther.boot loader\n-00009740: 2061 6e64 206a 756d 7069 6e67 2074 6f20 and jumping to \n-00009750: 6974 2069 6e20 7265 616c 206d 6f64 6520 it in real mode \n-00009760: 6f72 2076 6961 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 or via the firmw\n-00009770: 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 are... The ...\n-00009780: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2063 chainloader... c\n-00009790: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 ommand (*note ch\n-000097a0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a 3a29 2069 7320 ainloader::) is \n-000097b0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6973 used to set this\n-000097c0: 0a75 702e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6e6f 726d .up. It is norm\n-000097d0: 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6365 7373 ally also necess\n-000097e0: 6172 7920 746f 206c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 ary to load some\n-000097f0: 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 616e GRUB modules an\n-00009800: 6420 7365 7420 7468 650a 6170 7072 6f70 d set the.approp\n-00009810: 7269 6174 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 riate root devic\n-00009820: 652e 2020 5075 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 e. Putting this\n-00009830: 2074 6f67 6574 6865 722c 2077 6520 6765 together, we ge\n-00009840: 7420 736f 6d65 7468 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 t something like\n-00009850: 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6f72 2061 2057 696e .this, for a Win\n-00009860: 646f 7773 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6f6e 2074 dows system on t\n-00009870: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n-00009880: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 on of the first \n-00009890: 6861 7264 0a64 6973 6b3a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 hard.disk:..menu\n-000098a0: 656e 7472 7920 2257 696e 646f 7773 2220 entry \"Windows\" \n-000098b0: 7b0a 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6368 6169 6e0a {..insmod chain.\n-000098c0: 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a09 7365 .insmod ntfs..se\n-000098d0: 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a09 t root=(hd0,1)..\n-000098e0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a7d chainloader +1.}\n-000098f0: 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 .. On systems \n-00009900: 7769 7468 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6861 with multiple ha\n-00009910: 7264 2064 6973 6b73 2c20 616e 2061 6464 rd disks, an add\n-00009920: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 776f 726b 6172 6f75 itional workarou\n-00009930: 6e64 206d 6179 2062 650a 7265 7175 6972 nd may be.requir\n-00009940: 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2044 4f53 2f57 ed. *Note DOS/W\n-00009950: 696e 646f 7773 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 indows::... Ch\n-00009960: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6973 206f ain-loading is o\n-00009970: 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e nly supported on\n-00009980: 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 PC BIOS and EFI\n-00009990: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 platforms.....F\n-000099a0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000099b0: 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 Node: Loopback \n-000099c0: 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 booting, Next: \n-000099d0: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e LVM cache bootin\n-000099e0: 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 g, Prev: Genera\n-000099f0: 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 l boot methods, \n-00009a00: 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e Up: Booting..5.\n-00009a10: 3220 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 2 Loopback booti\n-00009a20: 6e67 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ng.=============\n-00009a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6973 =======..GRUB is\n-00009a40: 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 able to read fr\n-00009a50: 6f6d 2061 6e20 696d 6167 6520 2862 6520 om an image (be \n-00009a60: 6974 206f 6e65 206f 6620 4344 206f 7220 it one of CD or \n-00009a70: 4844 4429 2073 746f 7265 6420 6f6e 0a61 HDD) stored on.a\n-00009a80: 6e79 206f 6620 6974 7320 6163 6365 7373 ny of its access\n-00009a90: 6962 6c65 2073 746f 7261 6765 7320 2872 ible storages (r\n-00009aa0: 6566 6572 2074 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f efer to *note lo\n-00009ab0: 6f70 6261 636b 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 opback:: command\n-00009ac0: 292e 0a48 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6865 204f )..However the O\n-00009ad0: 5320 6974 7365 6c66 2073 686f 756c 6420 S itself should \n-00009ae0: 6265 2061 626c 6520 746f 2066 696e 6420 be able to find \n-00009af0: 6974 7320 726f 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 its root. This \n-00009b00: 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 696e 766f 6c76 6573 usually.involves\n-00009b10: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2061 2075 7365 7273 running a users\n-00009b20: 7061 6365 2070 726f 6772 616d 2072 756e pace program run\n-00009b30: 6e69 6e67 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 ning before the \n-00009b40: 7265 616c 2072 6f6f 7420 6973 0a64 6973 real root is.dis\n-00009b50: 636f 7665 7265 642e 2020 5468 6973 2069 covered. This i\n-00009b60: 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 7920 4752 s achieved by GR\n-00009b70: 5542 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2073 7065 UB loading a spe\n-00009b80: 6369 616c 6c79 206d 6164 6520 736d 616c cially made smal\n-00009b90: 6c0a 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 7061 7373 l.image and pass\n-00009ba0: 696e 6720 6974 2061 7320 7261 6d64 6973 ing it as ramdis\n-00009bb0: 6b20 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e k to the kernel.\n-00009bc0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 This is achiev\n-00009bd0: 6564 2062 790a 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 ed by.commands .\n-00009be0: 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c ..kfreebsd_modul\n-00009bf0: 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 e..., ...knetbsd\n-00009c00: 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c 66e2 8099 2c20 _module_elf..., \n-00009c10: e280 986b 6f70 656e 6273 645f 7261 6d64 ...kopenbsd_ramd\n-00009c20: 6973 6be2 8099 2c0a e280 9869 6e69 7472 isk...,....initr\n-00009c30: 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 d... (*note init\n-00009c40: 7264 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 rd::), ...initrd\n-00009c50: 3136 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 16... (*note ini\n-00009c60: 7472 6431 363a 3a29 2c0a e280 986d 756c trd16::),....mul\n-00009c70: 7469 626f 6f74 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 tiboot_module...\n-00009c80: 2c20 e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 325f , ...multiboot2_\n-00009c90: 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 module... or ...\n-00009ca0: 786e 755f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2064 xnu_ramdisk... d\n-00009cb0: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e0a 7468 6520 epending on.the \n-00009cc0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 loader. Note th\n-00009cd0: 6174 2066 6f72 206b 6e65 7462 7364 2074 at for knetbsd t\n-00009ce0: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 206d 7573 7420 6265 he image must be\n-00009cf0: 2070 7574 2069 6e73 6964 650a 6d69 6e69 put inside.mini\n-00009d00: 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 616e 6420 7468 root.kmod and th\n-00009d10: 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 e whole miniroot\n-00009d20: 2e6b 6d6f 6420 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 .kmod has to be \n-00009d30: 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 6b6f 7065 loaded. In kope\n-00009d40: 6e62 7364 0a70 6179 6c6f 6164 2074 6869 nbsd.payload thi\n-00009d50: 7320 6973 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 s is disabled by\n-00009d60: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2041 6464 6974 default. Addit\n-00009d70: 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 6568 6176 696f ionally, behavio\n-00009d80: 7572 206f 6620 696e 6974 6961 6c0a 7261 ur of initial.ra\n-00009d90: 6d64 6973 6b20 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e mdisk depends on\n-00009da0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 6f70 command line op\n-00009db0: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5365 7665 7261 6c20 tions. Several \n-00009dc0: 6469 7374 7269 6275 746f 7273 2070 726f distributors pro\n-00009dd0: 7669 6465 0a74 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 vide.the image f\n-00009de0: 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7075 7270 6f73 6520 or this purpose \n-00009df0: 6f72 2069 7427 7320 696e 7465 6772 6174 or it's integrat\n-00009e00: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6569 7220 7374 616e ed in their stan\n-00009e10: 6461 7264 2072 616d 6469 736b 0a61 6e64 dard ramdisk.and\n-00009e20: 2061 6374 6976 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 activated by sp\n-00009e30: 6563 6961 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2043 ecial option. C\n-00009e40: 6f6e 7375 6c74 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e onsult your kern\n-00009e50: 656c 2061 6e64 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 el and distribut\n-00009e60: 696f 6e0a 6d61 6e75 616c 2066 6f72 206d ion.manual for m\n-00009e70: 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e 2020 4f74 ore details. Ot\n-00009e80: 6865 7220 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6c69 6b65 her loaders like\n-00009e90: 20e2 8098 6170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 72e2 ...appleloader.\n-00009ea0: 8099 2c0a e280 9863 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 ..,....chainload\n-00009eb0: 6572 e280 9920 2842 494f 532c 2045 4649 er... (BIOS, EFI\n-00009ec0: 2c20 636f 7265 626f 6f74 292c 20e2 8098 , coreboot), ...\n-00009ed0: 6672 6565 646f 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 986e freedos..., ...n\n-00009ee0: 746c 6472 e280 992c 20e2 8098 706c 616e tldr..., ...plan\n-00009ef0: 39e2 8099 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 7472 7565 9... and....true\n-00009f00: 6372 7970 74e2 8099 2070 726f 7669 6465 crypt... provide\n-00009f10: 206e 6f20 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 no possibility \n-00009f20: 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 6e69 7469 of loading initi\n-00009f30: 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2061 al ramdisk and a\n-00009f40: 7320 6661 720a 6173 2061 7574 686f 7220 s far.as author \n-00009f50: 6973 2061 7761 7265 2074 6865 2070 6179 is aware the pay\n-00009f60: 6c6f 6164 7320 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f loads in questio\n-00009f70: 6e20 646f 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 n don't support \n-00009f80: 6569 7468 6572 2069 6e69 7469 616c 0a72 either initial.r\n-00009f90: 616d 6469 736b 206f 7220 6469 7363 6f76 amdisk or discov\n-00009fa0: 6572 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 ering loopback b\n-00009fb0: 6f6f 7420 696e 206f 7468 6572 2077 6179 oot in other way\n-00009fc0: 2061 6e64 2061 7320 7375 6368 206e 6f74 and as such not\n-00009fd0: 0a62 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 7468 6973 2077 .bootable this w\n-00009fe0: 6179 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 6520 636f 6e73 ay. Please cons\n-00009ff0: 6964 6572 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 ider alternative\n-0000a000: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 boot methods li\n-0000a010: 6b65 0a63 6f70 7969 6e67 2061 6c6c 2066 ke.copying all f\n-0000a020: 696c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 696d iles from the im\n-0000a030: 6167 6520 746f 2061 6374 7561 6c20 7061 age to actual pa\n-0000a040: 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 436f 6e73 756c rtition. Consul\n-0000a050: 7420 796f 7572 204f 530a 646f 6375 6d65 t your OS.docume\n-0000a060: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 ntation for more\n-0000a070: 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c details.....Fil\n-0000a080: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0000a090: 6f64 653a 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 ode: LVM cache b\n-0000a0a0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f ooting, Next: O\n-0000a0b0: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n-0000a0c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 , Prev: Loopbac\n-0000a0d0: 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 k booting, Up: \n-0000a0e0: 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e33 2042 6f6f Booting..5.3 Boo\n-0000a0f0: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 ting from LVM ca\n-0000a100: 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 che logical volu\n-0000a110: 6d65 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d me.=============\n+000090b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+000090c0: 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2028 2a6e 6f74 .Multiboot (*not\n+000090d0: 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 e Multiboot Spec\n+000090e0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 ification: (mult\n+000090f0: 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 2920 6973 2074 iboot)Top.) is t\n+00009100: 6865 206e 6174 6976 650a 666f 726d 6174 he native.format\n+00009110: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 supported by GR\n+00009120: 5542 2e20 466f 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 UB. For the sake\n+00009130: 206f 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c of convenience,\n+00009140: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f 0a73 there is also.s\n+00009150: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 204c 696e 7578 upport for Linux\n+00009160: 2c20 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 , FreeBSD, NetBS\n+00009170: 4420 616e 6420 4f70 656e 4253 442e 2049 D and OpenBSD. I\n+00009180: 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f f you want to bo\n+00009190: 6f74 0a6f 7468 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 ot.other operati\n+000091a0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 796f 7520 ng systems, you \n+000091b0: 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 746f 2063 6861 will have to cha\n+000091c0: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2028 2a6e in-load them (*n\n+000091d0: 6f74 650a 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e ote.Chain-loadin\n+000091e0: 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4649 584d 453a g::)... FIXME:\n+000091f0: 2074 6869 7320 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6973 this section is\n+00009200: 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 652e 0a0a 2020 incomplete... \n+00009210: 312e 2052 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 1. Run the comma\n+00009220: 6e64 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 9920 282a nd ...boot... (*\n+00009230: 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 note boot::)... \n+00009240: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2044 4f53 2061 However, DOS a\n+00009250: 6e64 2057 696e 646f 7773 2068 6176 6520 nd Windows have \n+00009260: 736f 6d65 2064 6566 6963 6965 6e63 6965 some deficiencie\n+00009270: 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 s, so you might \n+00009280: 6861 7665 2074 6f0a 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 have to.use more\n+00009290: 2063 6f6d 706c 6963 6174 6564 2069 6e73 complicated ins\n+000092a0: 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 tructions. *Not\n+000092b0: 6520 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2c e DOS/Windows::,\n+000092c0: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d for more.inform\n+000092d0: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ation.....File: \n+000092e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000092f0: 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : Kexec, Next: \n+00009300: 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 672c 2020 Chain-loading, \n+00009310: 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e Prev: Loading an\n+00009320: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00009330: 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 2055 703a m directly, Up:\n+00009340: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 General boot me\n+00009350: 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e32 204b 6578 thods..5.1.2 Kex\n+00009360: 6563 2077 6974 6820 6772 7562 322d 656d ec with grub2-em\n+00009370: 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d u.--------------\n+00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4752 ------------..GR\n+00009390: 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 7275 6e20 696e UB can be run in\n+000093a0: 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2062 7920 696e userspace by in\n+000093b0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 2067 7275 6232 voking the grub2\n+000093c0: 2d65 6d75 2074 6f6f 6c2e 2020 4974 2077 -emu tool. It w\n+000093d0: 696c 6c0a 7265 6164 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6e ill.read all con\n+000093e0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 6372 6970 figuration scrip\n+000093f0: 7473 2061 7320 6966 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 ts as if booting\n+00009400: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 2873 6565 202a directly (see *\n+00009410: 6e6f 7465 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 0a61 6e20 note Loading.an \n+00009420: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00009430: 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a29 2e20 2057 directly::). W\n+00009440: 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 ith the ...--kex\n+00009450: 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 2c20 616e 6420 ec... flag, and \n+00009460: 6b65 7865 6328 3829 0a73 7570 706f 7274 kexec(8).support\n+00009470: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 from the operat\n+00009480: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 6520 ing system, the \n+00009490: e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 9920 636f 6d6d ...linux... comm\n+000094a0: 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 746c and will directl\n+000094b0: 790a 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 y.boot the targe\n+000094c0: 7420 696d 6167 652e 2020 466f 7220 7379 t image. For sy\n+000094d0: 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 206c 6163 6b20 stems that lack \n+000094e0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 6374 working systemct\n+000094f0: 6c28 3129 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 l(1).support for\n+00009500: 206b 6578 6563 2c20 7061 7373 696e 6720 kexec, passing \n+00009510: 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 the ...--kexec..\n+00009520: 9920 666c 6167 2074 7769 6365 2077 696c . flag twice wil\n+00009530: 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 696e l fallback to.in\n+00009540: 766f 6b69 6e67 206b 6578 6563 2838 2920 voking kexec(8) \n+00009550: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 3b20 6e6f 7465 2068 directly; note h\n+00009560: 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 owever that this\n+00009570: 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 6d61 7920 6265 fallback may be\n+00009580: 0a75 6e73 6166 6520 6f75 7473 6964 6520 .unsafe outside \n+00009590: 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 656e 7669 726f read-only enviro\n+000095a0: 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 6173 2069 7420 646f nments, as it do\n+000095b0: 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6e76 6f6b 6520 7368 es not invoke sh\n+000095c0: 7574 646f 776e 0a6d 6163 6869 6e65 7279 utdown.machinery\n+000095d0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000095e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6861 info, Node: Cha\n+000095f0: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 in-loading, Pre\n+00009600: 763a 204b 6578 6563 2c20 2055 703a 2047 v: Kexec, Up: G\n+00009610: 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 eneral boot meth\n+00009620: 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e33 2043 6861 696e ods..5.1.3 Chain\n+00009630: 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 4f53 0a2d -loading an OS.-\n+00009640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00009650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4f70 6572 6174 --------..Operat\n+00009660: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 ing systems that\n+00009670: 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 do not support \n+00009680: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 646f Multiboot and do\n+00009690: 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 6966 not have specif\n+000096a0: 6963 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2069 6e20 4752 ic.support in GR\n+000096b0: 5542 2028 7370 6563 6966 6963 2073 7570 UB (specific sup\n+000096c0: 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c port is availabl\n+000096d0: 6520 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 782c 2046 7265 e for Linux, Fre\n+000096e0: 6542 5344 2c0a 4e65 7442 5344 2061 6e64 eBSD,.NetBSD and\n+000096f0: 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2920 6d75 7374 2062 OpenBSD) must b\n+00009700: 6520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6564 2c20 e chain-loaded, \n+00009710: 7768 6963 6820 696e 766f 6c76 6573 206c which involves l\n+00009720: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 oading another.b\n+00009730: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 206a oot loader and j\n+00009740: 756d 7069 6e67 2074 6f20 6974 2069 6e20 umping to it in \n+00009750: 7265 616c 206d 6f64 6520 6f72 2076 6961 real mode or via\n+00009760: 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 0a0a the firmware...\n+00009770: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6368 6169 6e6c The ...chainl\n+00009780: 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 oader... command\n+00009790: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 (*note chainloa\n+000097a0: 6465 723a 3a29 2069 7320 7573 6564 2074 der::) is used t\n+000097b0: 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6973 0a75 702e 2020 o set this.up. \n+000097c0: 4974 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 It is normally a\n+000097d0: 6c73 6f20 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f lso necessary to\n+000097e0: 206c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 2047 5255 4220 load some GRUB \n+000097f0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 616e 6420 7365 7420 modules and set \n+00009800: 7468 650a 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 the.appropriate \n+00009810: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5075 root device. Pu\n+00009820: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2074 6f67 6574 tting this toget\n+00009830: 6865 722c 2077 6520 6765 7420 736f 6d65 her, we get some\n+00009840: 7468 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 732c thing like.this,\n+00009850: 2066 6f72 2061 2057 696e 646f 7773 2073 for a Windows s\n+00009860: 7973 7465 6d20 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 ystem on the fir\n+00009870: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 st partition of \n+00009880: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 0a64 the first hard.d\n+00009890: 6973 6b3a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 isk:..menuentry \n+000098a0: 2257 696e 646f 7773 2220 7b0a 0969 6e73 \"Windows\" {..ins\n+000098b0: 6d6f 6420 6368 6169 6e0a 0969 6e73 6d6f mod chain..insmo\n+000098c0: 6420 6e74 6673 0a09 7365 7420 726f 6f74 d ntfs..set root\n+000098d0: 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a09 6368 6169 6e6c =(hd0,1)..chainl\n+000098e0: 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a7d 0a0a 2020 204f oader +1.}.. O\n+000098f0: 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 206d n systems with m\n+00009900: 756c 7469 706c 6520 6861 7264 2064 6973 ultiple hard dis\n+00009910: 6b73 2c20 616e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 ks, an additiona\n+00009920: 6c20 776f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 206d 6179 l workaround may\n+00009930: 2062 650a 7265 7175 6972 6564 2e20 202a be.required. *\n+00009940: 4e6f 7465 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 Note DOS/Windows\n+00009950: 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f ::... Chain-lo\n+00009960: 6164 696e 6720 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 ading is only su\n+00009970: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 pported on PC BI\n+00009980: 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 OS and EFI platf\n+00009990: 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 orms.....File: g\n+000099a0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000099b0: 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e Loopback bootin\n+000099c0: 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 g, Next: LVM ca\n+000099d0: 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5072 che booting, Pr\n+000099e0: 6576 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 ev: General boot\n+000099f0: 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2042 methods, Up: B\n+00009a00: 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3220 4c6f 6f70 ooting..5.2 Loop\n+00009a10: 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a3d 3d3d back booting.===\n+00009a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00009a30: 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6973 2061 626c 6520 =..GRUB is able \n+00009a40: 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 to read from an \n+00009a50: 696d 6167 6520 2862 6520 6974 206f 6e65 image (be it one\n+00009a60: 206f 6620 4344 206f 7220 4844 4429 2073 of CD or HDD) s\n+00009a70: 746f 7265 6420 6f6e 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 tored on.any of \n+00009a80: 6974 7320 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 its accessible s\n+00009a90: 746f 7261 6765 7320 2872 6566 6572 2074 torages (refer t\n+00009aa0: 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b o *note loopback\n+00009ab0: 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 292e 0a48 6f77 :: command)..How\n+00009ac0: 6576 6572 2074 6865 204f 5320 6974 7365 ever the OS itse\n+00009ad0: 6c66 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c lf should be abl\n+00009ae0: 6520 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 7320 726f e to find its ro\n+00009af0: 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7573 7561 6c6c ot. This usuall\n+00009b00: 790a 696e 766f 6c76 6573 2072 756e 6e69 y.involves runni\n+00009b10: 6e67 2061 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2070 ng a userspace p\n+00009b20: 726f 6772 616d 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2062 rogram running b\n+00009b30: 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7265 616c 2072 efore the real r\n+00009b40: 6f6f 7420 6973 0a64 6973 636f 7665 7265 oot is.discovere\n+00009b50: 642e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 d. This is achi\n+00009b60: 6576 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 206c 6f61 eved by GRUB loa\n+00009b70: 6469 6e67 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 6c79 ding a specially\n+00009b80: 206d 6164 6520 736d 616c 6c0a 696d 6167 made small.imag\n+00009b90: 6520 616e 6420 7061 7373 696e 6720 6974 e and passing it\n+00009ba0: 2061 7320 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 746f 2074 as ramdisk to t\n+00009bb0: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 5468 6973 he kernel. This\n+00009bc0: 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 790a is achieved by.\n+00009bd0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 commands ...kfre\n+00009be0: 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 ebsd_module..., \n+00009bf0: e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c ...knetbsd_modul\n+00009c00: 655f 656c 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6f70 e_elf..., ...kop\n+00009c10: 656e 6273 645f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 enbsd_ramdisk...\n+00009c20: 2c0a e280 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 2028 ,....initrd... (\n+00009c30: 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292c *note initrd::),\n+00009c40: 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 9920 ...initrd16... \n+00009c50: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a (*note initrd16:\n+00009c60: 3a29 2c0a e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 :),....multiboot\n+00009c70: 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d _module..., ...m\n+00009c80: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 325f 6d6f 6475 6c65 ultiboot2_module\n+00009c90: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7261 ... or ...xnu_ra\n+00009ca0: 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2064 6570 656e 6469 mdisk... dependi\n+00009cb0: 6e67 206f 6e0a 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 ng on.the loader\n+00009cc0: 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2066 6f72 . Note that for\n+00009cd0: 206b 6e65 7462 7364 2074 6865 2069 6d61 knetbsd the ima\n+00009ce0: 6765 206d 7573 7420 6265 2070 7574 2069 ge must be put i\n+00009cf0: 6e73 6964 650a 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b nside.miniroot.k\n+00009d00: 6d6f 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7768 6f6c mod and the whol\n+00009d10: 6520 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 e miniroot.kmod \n+00009d20: 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 has to be loaded\n+00009d30: 2e20 2049 6e20 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 0a70 . In kopenbsd.p\n+00009d40: 6179 6c6f 6164 2074 6869 7320 6973 2064 ayload this is d\n+00009d50: 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 isabled by defau\n+00009d60: 6c74 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c lt. Additionall\n+00009d70: 792c 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6620 y, behaviour of \n+00009d80: 696e 6974 6961 6c0a 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 initial.ramdisk \n+00009d90: 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 depends on comma\n+00009da0: 6e64 206c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e nd line options.\n+00009db0: 2020 5365 7665 7261 6c20 6469 7374 7269 Several distri\n+00009dc0: 6275 746f 7273 2070 726f 7669 6465 0a74 butors provide.t\n+00009dd0: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2074 6869 he image for thi\n+00009de0: 7320 7075 7270 6f73 6520 6f72 2069 7427 s purpose or it'\n+00009df0: 7320 696e 7465 6772 6174 6564 2069 6e20 s integrated in \n+00009e00: 7468 6569 7220 7374 616e 6461 7264 2072 their standard r\n+00009e10: 616d 6469 736b 0a61 6e64 2061 6374 6976 amdisk.and activ\n+00009e20: 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6563 6961 6c20 ated by special \n+00009e30: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 option. Consult\n+00009e40: 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 your kernel and\n+00009e50: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e0a 6d61 distribution.ma\n+00009e60: 6e75 616c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 nual for more de\n+00009e70: 7461 696c 732e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 6c6f tails. Other lo\n+00009e80: 6164 6572 7320 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 6170 aders like ...ap\n+00009e90: 706c 656c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2c0a e280 pleloader...,...\n+00009ea0: 9863 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 .chainloader... \n+00009eb0: 2842 494f 532c 2045 4649 2c20 636f 7265 (BIOS, EFI, core\n+00009ec0: 626f 6f74 292c 20e2 8098 6672 6565 646f boot), ...freedo\n+00009ed0: 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 986e 746c 6472 e280 s..., ...ntldr..\n+00009ee0: 992c 20e2 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 2061 ., ...plan9... a\n+00009ef0: 6e64 0ae2 8098 7472 7565 6372 7970 74e2 nd....truecrypt.\n+00009f00: 8099 2070 726f 7669 6465 206e 6f20 706f .. provide no po\n+00009f10: 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 206c 6f61 ssibility of loa\n+00009f20: 6469 6e67 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2072 616d ding initial ram\n+00009f30: 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2061 7320 6661 720a disk and as far.\n+00009f40: 6173 2061 7574 686f 7220 6973 2061 7761 as author is awa\n+00009f50: 7265 2074 6865 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 re the payloads \n+00009f60: 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 646f 6e27 in question don'\n+00009f70: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6569 7468 6572 t support either\n+00009f80: 2069 6e69 7469 616c 0a72 616d 6469 736b initial.ramdisk\n+00009f90: 206f 7220 6469 7363 6f76 6572 696e 6720 or discovering \n+00009fa0: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7420 696e loopback boot in\n+00009fb0: 206f 7468 6572 2077 6179 2061 6e64 2061 other way and a\n+00009fc0: 7320 7375 6368 206e 6f74 0a62 6f6f 7461 s such not.boota\n+00009fd0: 626c 6520 7468 6973 2077 6179 2e20 2050 ble this way. P\n+00009fe0: 6c65 6173 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 2061 lease consider a\n+00009ff0: 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 lternative boot \n+0000a000: 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 0a63 6f70 methods like.cop\n+0000a010: 7969 6e67 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 2066 ying all files f\n+0000a020: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f rom the image to\n+0000a030: 2061 6374 7561 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f actual partitio\n+0000a040: 6e2e 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 796f 7572 n. Consult your\n+0000a050: 204f 530a 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f OS.documentatio\n+0000a060: 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 n for more detai\n+0000a070: 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ls.....File: gru\n+0000a080: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c b.info, Node: L\n+0000a090: 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 VM cache booting\n+0000a0a0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 , Next: OS-spec\n+0000a0b0: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 ific notes, Pre\n+0000a0c0: 763a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 v: Loopback boot\n+0000a0d0: 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e ing, Up: Bootin\n+0000a0e0: 670a 0a35 2e33 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 g..5.3 Booting f\n+0000a0f0: 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f rom LVM cache lo\n+0000a100: 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a3d 3d3d gical volume.===\n+0000a110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 0000a120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-0000a140: 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 e LVM cache logi\n-0000a150: 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 7320 7468 cal volume is th\n-0000a160: 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 e logical volume\n-0000a170: 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 696e 6720 6f66 2074 consisting of t\n-0000a180: 6865 0a6f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 he.original and \n-0000a190: 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 206c the cache pool l\n-0000a1a0: 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 ogical volume. \n-0000a1b0: 5468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c 2069 7320 The original is \n-0000a1c0: 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6f6e 0a61 206c 6172 usually on.a lar\n-0000a1d0: 6765 7220 616e 6420 736c 6f77 6572 2073 ger and slower s\n-0000a1e0: 746f 7261 6765 2064 6576 6963 6520 7768 torage device wh\n-0000a1f0: 696c 6520 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f ile the cache po\n-0000a200: 6f6c 2069 7320 6f6e 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c ol is on a small\n-0000a210: 6572 0a61 6e64 2066 6173 7465 7220 6f6e er.and faster on\n-0000a220: 652e 2020 5468 6520 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 e. The performa\n-0000a230: 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 nce of the origi\n-0000a240: 6e61 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 616e 2062 nal volume can b\n-0000a250: 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 0a62 7920 7374 e improved.by st\n-0000a260: 6f72 696e 6720 7468 6520 6672 6571 7565 oring the freque\n-0000a270: 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6461 7461 206f ntly used data o\n-0000a280: 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c n the cache pool\n-0000a290: 2074 6f20 7574 696c 697a 6520 7468 650a to utilize the.\n-0000a2a0: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 greater performa\n-0000a2b0: 6e63 6520 6f66 2066 6173 7465 7220 6465 nce of faster de\n-0000a2c0: 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2062 vice... GRUB b\n-0000a2d0: 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 oots from LVM ca\n-0000a2e0: 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 che logical volu\n-0000a2f0: 6d65 206d 6572 656c 7920 6279 2072 6561 me merely by rea\n-0000a300: 6469 6e67 2069 7427 730a 6f72 6967 696e ding it's.origin\n-0000a310: 616c 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d al logical volum\n-0000a320: 6520 736f 2074 6861 7420 6469 7274 7920 e so that dirty \n-0000a330: 6461 7461 2069 6e20 6361 6368 6520 706f data in cache po\n-0000a340: 6f6c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 6973 0a64 6973 ol volume is.dis\n-0000a350: 7265 6761 7264 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 regarded. This \n-0000a360: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 2070 726f 626c 656d is not a problem\n-0000a370: 2066 6f72 2022 7772 6974 6574 6872 6f75 for \"writethrou\n-0000a380: 6768 2220 6361 6368 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 gh\" cache mode a\n-0000a390: 7320 6974 0a65 6e73 7572 6573 2074 6861 s it.ensures tha\n-0000a3a0: 7420 616e 7920 6461 7461 2077 7269 7474 t any data writt\n-0000a3b0: 656e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 746f 7265 en will be store\n-0000a3c0: 6420 626f 7468 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 d both on the ca\n-0000a3d0: 6368 6520 616e 6420 7468 650a 6f72 6967 che and the.orig\n-0000a3e0: 696e 204c 562e 2046 6f72 2074 6865 206f in LV. For the o\n-0000a3f0: 7468 6572 2063 6163 6865 206d 6f64 6520 ther cache mode \n-0000a400: 2277 7269 7465 6261 636b 222c 2077 6869 \"writeback\", whi\n-0000a410: 6368 2064 656c 6179 7320 7772 6974 696e ch delays writin\n-0000a420: 670a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 g.from the cache\n-0000a430: 2070 6f6f 6c20 6261 636b 2074 6f20 7468 pool back to th\n-0000a440: 6520 6f72 6967 696e 204c 5620 746f 2062 e origin LV to b\n-0000a450: 6f6f 7374 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 oost performance\n-0000a460: 2c20 4752 5542 206d 6179 0a66 6169 6c20 , GRUB may.fail \n-0000a470: 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 2074 6865 2077 to boot in the w\n-0000a480: 616b 6520 6f66 2061 6363 6964 656e 7461 ake of accidenta\n-0000a490: 6c20 706f 7765 7220 6f75 7461 6765 2064 l power outage d\n-0000a4a0: 7565 2074 6f20 6974 2773 0a69 6e61 6269 ue to it's.inabi\n-0000a4b0: 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 lity to assemble\n-0000a4c0: 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2064 6576 6963 the cache devic\n-0000a4d0: 6520 666f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 7468 e for reading th\n-0000a4e0: 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 2064 6972 7479 e required dirty\n-0000a4f0: 0a64 6174 6120 6c65 6674 2062 6568 696e .data left behin\n-0000a500: 642e 2020 5468 6520 7369 7475 6174 696f d. The situatio\n-0000a510: 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 n will be improv\n-0000a520: 6564 2061 6674 6572 2061 6464 696e 6720 ed after adding \n-0000a530: 6675 6c6c 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2074 6f20 full.support to \n-0000a540: 7468 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f the LVM cache lo\n-0000a550: 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 6e20 gical volume in \n-0000a560: 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 the future.....F\n-0000a570: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0000a580: 204e 6f64 653a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 Node: OS-specif\n-0000a590: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a ic notes, Prev:\n-0000a5a0: 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 LVM cache booti\n-0000a5b0: 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 ng, Up: Booting\n-0000a5c0: 0a0a 352e 3420 536f 6d65 2063 6176 6561 ..5.4 Some cavea\n-0000a5d0: 7473 206f 6e20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 ts on OS-specifi\n-0000a5e0: 6320 6973 7375 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d c issues.=======\n+0000a130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4c56 4d20 ======..The LVM \n+0000a140: 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f cache logical vo\n+0000a150: 6c75 6d65 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 lume is the logi\n+0000a160: 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 6f6e 7369 cal volume consi\n+0000a170: 7374 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 0a6f 7269 sting of the.ori\n+0000a180: 6769 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6361 ginal and the ca\n+0000a190: 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 206c 6f67 6963 616c che pool logical\n+0000a1a0: 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 5468 6520 6f72 volume. The or\n+0000a1b0: 6967 696e 616c 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c iginal is usuall\n+0000a1c0: 7920 6f6e 0a61 206c 6172 6765 7220 616e y on.a larger an\n+0000a1d0: 6420 736c 6f77 6572 2073 746f 7261 6765 d slower storage\n+0000a1e0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7768 696c 6520 7468 device while th\n+0000a1f0: 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2069 7320 e cache pool is \n+0000a200: 6f6e 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 6572 0a61 6e64 on a smaller.and\n+0000a210: 2066 6173 7465 7220 6f6e 652e 2020 5468 faster one. Th\n+0000a220: 6520 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 e performance of\n+0000a230: 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 766f the original vo\n+0000a240: 6c75 6d65 2063 616e 2062 6520 696d 7072 lume can be impr\n+0000a250: 6f76 6564 0a62 7920 7374 6f72 696e 6720 oved.by storing \n+0000a260: 7468 6520 6672 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2075 the frequently u\n+0000a270: 7365 6420 6461 7461 206f 6e20 7468 6520 sed data on the \n+0000a280: 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2074 6f20 7574 cache pool to ut\n+0000a290: 696c 697a 6520 7468 650a 6772 6561 7465 ilize the.greate\n+0000a2a0: 7220 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 r performance of\n+0000a2b0: 2066 6173 7465 7220 6465 7669 6365 2e0a faster device..\n+0000a2c0: 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 . GRUB boots f\n+0000a2d0: 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f rom LVM cache lo\n+0000a2e0: 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 206d 6572 gical volume mer\n+0000a2f0: 656c 7920 6279 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 ely by reading i\n+0000a300: 7427 730a 6f72 6967 696e 616c 206c 6f67 t's.original log\n+0000a310: 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 736f 2074 ical volume so t\n+0000a320: 6861 7420 6469 7274 7920 6461 7461 2069 hat dirty data i\n+0000a330: 6e20 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2076 6f6c n cache pool vol\n+0000a340: 756d 6520 6973 0a64 6973 7265 6761 7264 ume is.disregard\n+0000a350: 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 ed. This is not\n+0000a360: 2061 2070 726f 626c 656d 2066 6f72 2022 a problem for \"\n+0000a370: 7772 6974 6574 6872 6f75 6768 2220 6361 writethrough\" ca\n+0000a380: 6368 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 6974 0a65 che mode as it.e\n+0000a390: 6e73 7572 6573 2074 6861 7420 616e 7920 nsures that any \n+0000a3a0: 6461 7461 2077 7269 7474 656e 2077 696c data written wil\n+0000a3b0: 6c20 6265 2073 746f 7265 6420 626f 7468 l be stored both\n+0000a3c0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 616e on the cache an\n+0000a3d0: 6420 7468 650a 6f72 6967 696e 204c 562e d the.origin LV.\n+0000a3e0: 2046 6f72 2074 6865 206f 7468 6572 2063 For the other c\n+0000a3f0: 6163 6865 206d 6f64 6520 2277 7269 7465 ache mode \"write\n+0000a400: 6261 636b 222c 2077 6869 6368 2064 656c back\", which del\n+0000a410: 6179 7320 7772 6974 696e 670a 6672 6f6d ays writing.from\n+0000a420: 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2070 6f6f 6c20 the cache pool \n+0000a430: 6261 636b 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6f72 6967 back to the orig\n+0000a440: 696e 204c 5620 746f 2062 6f6f 7374 2070 in LV to boost p\n+0000a450: 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 2c20 4752 5542 erformance, GRUB\n+0000a460: 206d 6179 0a66 6169 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f may.fail to boo\n+0000a470: 7420 696e 2074 6865 2077 616b 6520 6f66 t in the wake of\n+0000a480: 2061 6363 6964 656e 7461 6c20 706f 7765 accidental powe\n+0000a490: 7220 6f75 7461 6765 2064 7565 2074 6f20 r outage due to \n+0000a4a0: 6974 2773 0a69 6e61 6269 6c69 7479 2074 it's.inability t\n+0000a4b0: 6f20 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 2074 6865 2063 o assemble the c\n+0000a4c0: 6163 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 666f 7220 ache device for \n+0000a4d0: 7265 6164 696e 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 reading the requ\n+0000a4e0: 6972 6564 2064 6972 7479 0a64 6174 6120 ired dirty.data \n+0000a4f0: 6c65 6674 2062 6568 696e 642e 2020 5468 left behind. Th\n+0000a500: 6520 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c e situation will\n+0000a510: 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2061 6674 be improved aft\n+0000a520: 6572 2061 6464 696e 6720 6675 6c6c 0a73 er adding full.s\n+0000a530: 7570 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c56 upport to the LV\n+0000a540: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 M cache logical \n+0000a550: 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 volume in the fu\n+0000a560: 7475 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ture.....File: g\n+0000a570: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0000a580: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n+0000a590: 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 564d 2063 es, Prev: LVM c\n+0000a5a0: 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 ache booting, U\n+0000a5b0: 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3420 p: Booting..5.4 \n+0000a5c0: 536f 6d65 2063 6176 6561 7473 206f 6e20 Some caveats on \n+0000a5d0: 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6973 7375 OS-specific issu\n+0000a5e0: 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d es.=============\n 0000a5f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-0000a610: 0a48 6572 652c 2077 6520 6465 7363 7269 .Here, we descri\n-0000a620: 6265 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7665 6174 7320 be some caveats \n-0000a630: 6f6e 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f 7065 7261 on several opera\n-0000a640: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a2a ting systems...*\n-0000a650: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e 552f 4875 Menu:..* GNU/Hu\n-0000a660: 7264 3a3a 0a2a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 rd::.* GNU/Linux\n-0000a670: 3a3a 0a2a 204e 6574 4253 443a 3a0a 2a20 ::.* NetBSD::.* \n-0000a680: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a0a 0a1f DOS/Windows::...\n-0000a690: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0000a6a0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 , Node: GNU/Hur\n-0000a6b0: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 d, Next: GNU/Li\n-0000a6c0: 6e75 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 nux, Up: OS-spe\n-0000a6d0: 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 cific notes..5.4\n-0000a6e0: 2e31 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 640a 2d2d 2d2d .1 GNU/Hurd.----\n-0000a6f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5369 6e63 ----------..Sinc\n-0000a700: 6520 474e 552f 4875 7264 2069 7320 4d75 e GNU/Hurd is Mu\n-0000a710: 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e ltiboot-complian\n-0000a720: 742c 2069 7420 6973 2065 6173 7920 746f t, it is easy to\n-0000a730: 2062 6f6f 7420 6974 3b20 7468 6572 6520 boot it; there \n-0000a740: 6973 0a6e 6f74 6869 6e67 2073 7065 6369 is.nothing speci\n-0000a750: 616c 2061 626f 7574 2069 742e 2020 4275 al about it. Bu\n-0000a760: 7420 646f 206e 6f74 2066 6f72 6765 7420 t do not forget \n-0000a770: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f that you have to\n-0000a780: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 0a72 6f6f 7420 specify a.root \n-0000a790: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 partition to the\n-0000a7a0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 kernel... 1. S\n-0000a7b0: 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 et GRUB's root d\n-0000a7c0: 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d evice to the sam\n-0000a7d0: 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f48 e drive as GNU/H\n-0000a7e0: 7572 6427 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 urd's. The. \n-0000a7f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 command ...sear\n-0000a800: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n-0000a810: 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 file /boot/gnuma\n-0000a820: 6368 2e67 7ae2 8099 206f 7220 7369 6d69 ch.gz... or simi\n-0000a830: 6c61 7220 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2068 656c lar may. hel\n-0000a840: 7020 796f 7520 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 p you (*note sea\n-0000a850: 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2032 2e20 4c6f rch::)... 2. Lo\n-0000a860: 6164 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 616e ad the kernel an\n-0000a870: 6420 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 206c d the modules, l\n-0000a880: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike this:.. \n-0000a890: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206d 756c 7469 grub> multi\n-0000a8a0: 626f 6f74 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 boot /boot/gnuma\n-0000a8b0: 6368 2e67 7a20 726f 6f74 3d64 6576 6963 ch.gz root=devic\n-0000a8c0: 653a 6864 3073 310a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:hd0s1. \n-0000a8d0: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2020 grub> module \n-0000a8e0: 2f68 7572 642f 6578 7432 6673 2e73 7461 /hurd/ext2fs.sta\n-0000a8f0: 7469 6320 6578 7432 6673 202d 2d72 6561 tic ext2fs --rea\n-0000a900: 646f 6e6c 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 donly \\. \n-0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a920: 2020 2020 202d 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 --multiboot\n-0000a930: 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 653d 2724 -command-line='$\n-0000a940: 7b6b 6572 6e65 6c2d 636f 6d6d 616e 642d {kernel-command-\n-0000a950: 6c69 6e65 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 line}' \\. \n+0000a600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a48 6572 652c =========..Here,\n+0000a610: 2077 6520 6465 7363 7269 6265 2073 6f6d we describe som\n+0000a620: 6520 6361 7665 6174 7320 6f6e 2073 6576 e caveats on sev\n+0000a630: 6572 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 eral operating s\n+0000a640: 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a ystems...* Menu:\n+0000a650: 0a0a 2a20 474e 552f 4875 7264 3a3a 0a2a ..* GNU/Hurd::.*\n+0000a660: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 0a2a 204e GNU/Linux::.* N\n+0000a670: 6574 4253 443a 3a0a 2a20 444f 532f 5769 etBSD::.* DOS/Wi\n+0000a680: 6e64 6f77 733a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ndows::....File:\n+0000a690: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0000a6a0: 653a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 4e65 e: GNU/Hurd, Ne\n+0000a6b0: 7874 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 xt: GNU/Linux, \n+0000a6c0: 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 Up: OS-specific \n+0000a6d0: 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e31 2047 4e55 notes..5.4.1 GNU\n+0000a6e0: 2f48 7572 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d /Hurd.----------\n+0000a6f0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5369 6e63 6520 474e 552f ----..Since GNU/\n+0000a700: 4875 7264 2069 7320 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f Hurd is Multiboo\n+0000a710: 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 742c 2069 7420 t-compliant, it \n+0000a720: 6973 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 is easy to boot \n+0000a730: 6974 3b20 7468 6572 6520 6973 0a6e 6f74 it; there is.not\n+0000a740: 6869 6e67 2073 7065 6369 616c 2061 626f hing special abo\n+0000a750: 7574 2069 742e 2020 4275 7420 646f 206e ut it. But do n\n+0000a760: 6f74 2066 6f72 6765 7420 7468 6174 2079 ot forget that y\n+0000a770: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f 2073 7065 6369 ou have to speci\n+0000a780: 6679 2061 0a72 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 6974 fy a.root partit\n+0000a790: 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 ion to the kerne\n+0000a7a0: 6c2e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 l... 1. Set GRU\n+0000a7b0: 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 B's root device \n+0000a7c0: 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 to the same driv\n+0000a7d0: 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6427 732e e as GNU/Hurd's.\n+0000a7e0: 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 The. comma\n+0000a7f0: 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 nd ...search --s\n+0000a800: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6669 6c65 202f et=root --file /\n+0000a810: 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7ae2 boot/gnumach.gz.\n+0000a820: 8099 206f 7220 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6d61 .. or similar ma\n+0000a830: 790a 2020 2020 2068 656c 7020 796f 7520 y. help you \n+0000a840: 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a29 (*note search::)\n+0000a850: 2e0a 0a20 2032 2e20 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 ... 2. Load the\n+0000a860: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 kernel and the \n+0000a870: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 206c 696b 6520 7468 modules, like th\n+0000a880: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 is:.. g\n+0000a890: 7275 623e 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 202f rub> multiboot /\n+0000a8a0: 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7a20 boot/gnumach.gz \n+0000a8b0: 726f 6f74 3d64 6576 6963 653a 6864 3073 root=device:hd0s\n+0000a8c0: 310a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 1. grub\n+0000a8d0: 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2020 2f68 7572 642f > module /hurd/\n+0000a8e0: 6578 7432 6673 2e73 7461 7469 6320 6578 ext2fs.static ex\n+0000a8f0: 7432 6673 202d 2d72 6561 646f 6e6c 7920 t2fs --readonly \n+0000a900: 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n+0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d -\n+0000a920: 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 6d61 -multiboot-comma\n+0000a930: 6e64 2d6c 696e 653d 2724 7b6b 6572 6e65 nd-line='${kerne\n+0000a940: 6c2d 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 7d27 l-command-line}'\n+0000a950: 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n 0000a960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a970: 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 686f 7374 2d70 7269 --host-pri\n-0000a980: 762d 706f 7274 3d27 247b 686f 7374 2d70 v-port='${host-p\n-0000a990: 6f72 747d 2720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ort}' \\. \n-0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9b0: 2020 2020 202d 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 --device-ma\n-0000a9c0: 7374 6572 2d70 6f72 743d 2724 7b64 6576 ster-port='${dev\n-0000a9d0: 6963 652d 706f 7274 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 ice-port}' \\. \n+0000a970: 2d2d 686f 7374 2d70 7269 762d 706f 7274 --host-priv-port\n+0000a980: 3d27 247b 686f 7374 2d70 6f72 747d 2720 ='${host-port}' \n+0000a990: 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n+0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d -\n+0000a9b0: 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 7374 6572 2d70 -device-master-p\n+0000a9c0: 6f72 743d 2724 7b64 6576 6963 652d 706f ort='${device-po\n+0000a9d0: 7274 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rt}' \\. \n 0000a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6578 6563 --exec\n-0000aa00: 2d73 6572 7665 722d 7461 736b 3d27 247b -server-task='${\n-0000aa10: 6578 6563 2d74 6173 6b7d 2720 2d54 2074 exec-task}' -T t\n-0000aa20: 7970 6564 2027 247b 726f 6f74 7d27 205c yped '${root}' \\\n-0000aa30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2724 '$\n-0000aa50: 2874 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 2027 (task-create)' '\n-0000aa60: 2428 7461 736b 2d72 6573 756d 6529 270a $(task-resume)'.\n-0000aa70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n-0000aa80: 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f 6c69 622f 6c64 2e73 module /lib/ld.s\n-0000aa90: 6f2e 3120 6578 6563 202f 6875 7264 2f65 o.1 exec /hurd/e\n-0000aaa0: 7865 6320 2724 2865 7865 632d 7461 736b xec '$(exec-task\n-0000aab0: 3d74 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 0a0a =task-create)'..\n-0000aac0: 2020 332e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 3. Finally, ru\n-0000aad0: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 n the command ..\n-0000aae0: 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .boot... (*note \n-0000aaf0: 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 boot::).....File\n-0000ab00: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0000ab10: 6465 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 de: GNU/Linux, \n-0000ab20: 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2050 Next: NetBSD, P\n-0000ab30: 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 rev: GNU/Hurd, \n-0000ab40: 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 Up: OS-specific \n-0000ab50: 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e32 2047 4e55 notes..5.4.2 GNU\n-0000ab60: 2f4c 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d /Linux.---------\n-0000ab70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4974 2069 7320 7265 ------..It is re\n-0000ab80: 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2065 6173 7920 746f latively easy to\n-0000ab90: 2062 6f6f 7420 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 boot GNU/Linux \n-0000aba0: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422c 2062 6563 6175 from GRUB, becau\n-0000abb0: 7365 2069 7420 736f 6d65 7768 6174 0a72 se it somewhat.r\n-0000abc0: 6573 656d 626c 6573 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 esembles to boot\n-0000abd0: 2061 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d a Multiboot-com\n-0000abe0: 706c 6961 6e74 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 312e pliant OS... 1.\n-0000abf0: 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 Set GRUB's root\n-0000ac00: 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 device to the s\n-0000ac10: 616d 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 ame drive as GNU\n-0000ac20: 2f4c 696e 7578 2773 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 /Linux's. The. \n-0000ac30: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 command ...s\n-0000ac40: 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 earch --set=root\n-0000ac50: 202d 2d66 696c 6520 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a --file /vmlinuz\n-0000ac60: e280 9920 6f72 2073 696d 696c 6172 206d ... or similar m\n-0000ac70: 6179 2068 656c 7020 796f 750a 2020 2020 ay help you. \n-0000ac80: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 6172 6368 3a3a (*note search::\n-0000ac90: 292e 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 )... 2. Load th\n-0000aca0: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 e kernel using t\n-0000acb0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6c69 he command ...li\n-0000acc0: 6e75 78e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 nux... (*note li\n-0000acd0: 6e75 783a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 nux::):.. \n-0000ace0: 2020 2067 7275 623e 206c 696e 7578 202f grub> linux /\n-0000acf0: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 vmlinuz root=/de\n-0000ad00: 762f 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 v/sda1.. If \n-0000ad10: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 you need to spec\n-0000ad20: 6966 7920 736f 6d65 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 ify some kernel \n-0000ad30: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2c20 6a75 7374 parameters, just\n-0000ad40: 2061 7070 656e 6420 7468 656d 2074 6f0a append them to.\n-0000ad50: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the command\n-0000ad60: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 . For example, \n-0000ad70: 746f 2073 6574 20e2 8098 6163 7069 e280 to set ...acpi..\n-0000ad80: 9920 746f 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 2c20 . to ...off..., \n-0000ad90: 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 do this:.. \n-0000ada0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7820 grub> linux \n-0000adb0: 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 /vmlinuz root=/d\n-0000adc0: 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 ev/sda1 acpi=off\n-0000add0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 .. See the d\n-0000ade0: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 ocumentation in \n-0000adf0: 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 736f 7572 6365 the Linux source\n-0000ae00: 2074 7265 6520 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6c65 tree for comple\n-0000ae10: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 te. informat\n-0000ae20: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c ion on the avail\n-0000ae30: 6162 6c65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 able options... \n-0000ae40: 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 With ...linu\n-0000ae50: 78e2 8099 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2033 x... GRUB uses 3\n-0000ae60: 322d 6269 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2-bit protocol. \n-0000ae70: 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 2073 6572 7669 Some BIOS servi\n-0000ae80: 6365 7320 6c69 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 4150 ces like. AP\n-0000ae90: 4d20 6f72 2045 4444 2061 7265 6e27 7420 M or EDD aren't \n-0000aea0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7769 7468 2074 available with t\n-0000aeb0: 6869 7320 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 his protocol. I\n-0000aec0: 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 796f 750a n this case you.\n-0000aed0: 2020 2020 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 need to use\n-0000aee0: 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a0a ...linux16.....\n-0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n-0000af00: 6c69 6e75 7831 3620 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a linux16 /vmlinuz\n-0000af10: 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 root=/dev/sda1 \n-0000af20: 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 acpi=off.. 3. I\n-0000af30: 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 616e 2069 6e69 f you use an ini\n-0000af40: 7472 642c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 trd, execute the\n-0000af50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 696e 6974 command ...init\n-0000af60: 7264 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 rd... (*note ini\n-0000af70: 7472 643a 3a29 0a20 2020 2020 6166 7465 trd::). afte\n-0000af80: 7220 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 993a 0a0a r ...linux...:..\n-0000af90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n-0000afa0: 696e 6974 7264 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a initrd /initrd..\n-0000afb0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 6564 If you used\n-0000afc0: 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 2079 ...linux16... y\n-0000afd0: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 ou need to use .\n-0000afe0: 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 993a 0a0a ..initrd16...:..\n-0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n-0000b000: 696e 6974 7264 3136 202f 696e 6974 7264 initrd16 /initrd\n-0000b010: 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 .. 4. Finally, \n-0000b020: 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 run the command \n-0000b030: e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ...boot... (*not\n-0000b040: 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 e boot::).....Fi\n-0000b050: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0000b060: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 204e Node: NetBSD, N\n-0000b070: 6578 743a 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 ext: DOS/Windows\n-0000b080: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e , Prev: GNU/Lin\n-0000b090: 7578 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 ux, Up: OS-spec\n-0000b0a0: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e ific notes..5.4.\n-0000b0b0: 3320 4e65 7442 5344 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 3 NetBSD.-------\n-0000b0c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 -----..Booting a\n-0000b0d0: 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2066 NetBSD kernel f\n-0000b0e0: 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2069 7320 616c 736f rom GRUB is also\n-0000b0f0: 2072 656c 6174 6976 656c 7920 6561 7379 relatively easy\n-0000b100: 3a20 6669 7273 7420 7365 740a 4752 5542 : first set.GRUB\n-0000b110: 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2c20 's root device, \n-0000b120: 7468 656e 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 then load the ke\n-0000b130: 726e 656c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 206d 6f64 rnel and the mod\n-0000b140: 756c 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6669 6e61 6c6c ules, and finall\n-0000b150: 790a 7275 6e20 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 y.run ...boot...\n-0000b160: 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 5365 7420 4752 5542 ... 1. Set GRUB\n-0000b170: 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 's root device t\n-0000b180: 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 o the partition \n-0000b190: 686f 6c64 696e 6720 7468 6520 4e65 7442 holding the NetB\n-0000b1a0: 5344 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c SD root. fil\n-0000b1b0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2046 6f72 2061 e system. For a\n-0000b1c0: 2064 6973 6b20 7769 7468 2061 204e 6574 disk with a Net\n-0000b1d0: 4253 4420 6469 736b 206c 6162 656c 2c20 BSD disk label, \n-0000b1e0: 7468 6973 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a this is usually.\n-0000b1f0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 the first p\n-0000b200: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 613a 292e 2020 artition (a:). \n-0000b210: 496e 2074 6861 7420 6361 7365 2c20 616e In that case, an\n-0000b220: 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 d assuming that \n-0000b230: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 the. partiti\n-0000b240: 6f6e 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 on is on the fir\n-0000b250: 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7365 st hard disk, se\n-0000b260: 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 t GRUB's root de\n-0000b270: 7669 6365 2061 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c vice as. fol\n-0000b280: 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lows:.. \n-0000b290: 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 grub> insmod pa\n-0000b2a0: 7274 5f62 7364 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rt_bsd. \n-0000b2b0: 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d grub> set root=\n-0000b2c0: 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 290a 0a20 (hd0,netbsd1).. \n-0000b2d0: 2020 2020 466f 7220 6120 6469 736b 2077 For a disk w\n-0000b2e0: 6974 6820 6120 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 ith a GUID Parti\n-0000b2f0: 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 tion Table (GPT)\n-0000b300: 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 , and assuming t\n-0000b310: 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 204e 6574 hat the. Net\n-0000b320: 4253 4420 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 BSD root partiti\n-0000b330: 6f6e 2069 7320 7468 6520 7468 6972 6420 on is the third \n-0000b340: 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2064 GPT partition, d\n-0000b350: 6f20 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 o this:.. \n-0000b360: 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 grub> insmod \n-0000b370: 7061 7274 5f67 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 part_gpt. \n-0000b380: 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f grub> set roo\n-0000b390: 743d 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3329 0a0a 2020 t=(hd0,gpt3).. \n-0000b3a0: 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 2. Load the kern\n-0000b3b0: 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d el using the com\n-0000b3c0: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 mand ...knetbsd.\n-0000b3d0: 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 ..:.. g\n-0000b3e0: 7275 623e 206b 6e65 7462 7364 202f 6e65 rub> knetbsd /ne\n-0000b3f0: 7462 7364 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 6172 696f tbsd.. Vario\n-0000b400: 7573 206f 7074 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 us options may b\n-0000b410: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6b6e e given to ...kn\n-0000b420: 6574 6273 64e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 7365 etbsd.... These\n-0000b430: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2c20 666f options are, fo\n-0000b440: 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 r. the most \n-0000b450: 7061 7274 2c20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 part, the same a\n-0000b460: 7320 696e 2074 6865 204e 6574 4253 4420 s in the NetBSD \n-0000b470: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 466f boot loader. Fo\n-0000b480: 720a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c r. instance,\n-0000b490: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2073 7973 to boot the sys\n-0000b4a0: 7465 6d20 696e 2073 696e 676c 652d 7573 tem in single-us\n-0000b4b0: 6572 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 7769 7468 er mode and with\n-0000b4c0: 2076 6572 626f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 verbose. me\n-0000b4d0: 7373 6167 6573 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a ssages, do this:\n-0000b4e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n-0000b4f0: 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 6420 2f6e 6574 6273 > knetbsd /netbs\n-0000b500: 6420 2d73 202d 760a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 d -s -v.. 3. If\n-0000b510: 206e 6565 6465 642c 206c 6f61 6420 6b65 needed, load ke\n-0000b520: 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2077 6974 rnel modules wit\n-0000b530: 6820 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 h the command. \n-0000b540: 2020 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f ...knetbsd_mo\n-0000b550: 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 992e 2020 4120 dule_elf.... A \n-0000b560: 7479 7069 6361 6c20 6578 616d 706c 6520 typical example \n-0000b570: 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f is the module fo\n-0000b580: 7220 7468 6520 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 r the root. \n-0000b590: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d3a 0a0a 2020 file system:.. \n-0000b5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e grub> kn\n-0000b5b0: 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 etbsd_module_elf\n-0000b5c0: 202f 7374 616e 642f 616d 6436 342f 362e /stand/amd64/6.\n-0000b5d0: 302f 6d6f 6475 6c65 732f 6666 732f 6666 0/modules/ffs/ff\n-0000b5e0: 732e 6b6d 6f64 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e s.kmod.. 4. Fin\n-0000b5f0: 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f ally, run the co\n-0000b600: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 mmand ...boot...\n-0000b610: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e (*note boot::).\n-0000b620: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0000b630: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 444f 532f nfo, Node: DOS/\n-0000b640: 5769 6e64 6f77 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 Windows, Prev: \n-0000b650: 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d NetBSD, Up: OS-\n-0000b660: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a specific notes..\n-0000b670: 352e 342e 3420 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 5.4.4 DOS/Window\n-0000b680: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n-0000b690: 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 ---..GRUB cannot\n-0000b6a0: 2062 6f6f 7420 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e boot DOS or Win\n-0000b6b0: 646f 7773 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2073 dows directly, s\n-0000b6c0: 6f20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 2063 6861 696e o you must chain\n-0000b6d0: 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 0a28 2a6e 6f74 -load them.(*not\n-0000b6e0: 6520 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a e Chain-loading:\n-0000b6f0: 3a29 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 :). However, th\n-0000b700: 6569 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7273 eir boot loaders\n-0000b710: 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2063 7269 7469 have some criti\n-0000b720: 6361 6c0a 6465 6669 6369 656e 6369 6573 cal.deficiencies\n-0000b730: 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 , so it may not \n-0000b740: 776f 726b 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 2063 6861 work to just cha\n-0000b750: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2e20 2054 in-load them. T\n-0000b760: 6f20 6f76 6572 636f 6d65 0a74 6865 2070 o overcome.the p\n-0000b770: 726f 626c 656d 732c 2047 5255 4220 7072 roblems, GRUB pr\n-0000b780: 6f76 6964 6573 2079 6f75 2077 6974 6820 ovides you with \n-0000b790: 7477 6f20 6865 6c70 6572 2066 756e 6374 two helper funct\n-0000b7a0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ions... If you\n-0000b7b0: 2068 6176 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 have installed \n-0000b7c0: 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 DOS (or Windows)\n-0000b7d0: 206f 6e20 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 on a non-first \n-0000b7e0: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2079 6f75 0a68 hard disk, you.h\n-0000b7f0: 6176 6520 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 ave to use the d\n-0000b800: 6973 6b20 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2074 6563 isk swapping tec\n-0000b810: 686e 6971 7565 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 hnique, because \n-0000b820: 7468 6174 204f 5320 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 that OS cannot b\n-0000b830: 6f6f 740a 6672 6f6d 2061 6e79 2064 6973 oot.from any dis\n-0000b840: 6b73 2062 7574 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ks but the first\n-0000b850: 206f 6e65 2e20 2054 6865 2077 6f72 6b61 one. The worka\n-0000b860: 726f 756e 6420 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 round used in GR\n-0000b870: 5542 2069 7320 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e UB is the.comman\n-0000b880: 6420 e280 9864 7269 7665 6d61 70e2 8099 d ...drivemap...\n-0000b890: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 6976 656d 6170 (*note drivemap\n-0000b8a0: 3a3a 292c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a ::), like this:.\n-0000b8b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d . drivemap -\n-0000b8c0: 7320 2868 6430 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 s (hd0) (hd1).. \n-0000b8d0: 2020 5468 6973 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 This performs \n-0000b8e0: 6120 e280 9c76 6972 7475 616c e280 9d20 a ...virtual... \n-0000b8f0: 7377 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2079 6f75 swap between you\n-0000b900: 7220 6669 7273 7420 616e 6420 7365 636f r first and seco\n-0000b910: 6e64 2068 6172 640a 6472 6976 652e 0a0a nd hard.drive...\n-0000b920: 2020 202a 4361 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 5468 *Caution:* Th\n-0000b930: 6973 2069 7320 6566 6665 6374 6976 6520 is is effective \n-0000b940: 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 444f 5320 286f 7220 only if DOS (or \n-0000b950: 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2075 7365 7320 4249 Windows) uses BI\n-0000b960: 4f53 2074 6f0a 6163 6365 7373 2074 6865 OS to.access the\n-0000b970: 2073 7761 7070 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e20 swapped disks. \n-0000b980: 2049 6620 7468 6174 204f 5320 7573 6573 If that OS uses\n-0000b990: 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 a special drive\n-0000b9a0: 7220 666f 7220 7468 650a 6469 736b 732c r for the.disks,\n-0000b9b0: 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2077 this probably w\n-0000b9c0: 6f6e 2774 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2041 on't work... A\n-0000b9d0: 6e6f 7468 6572 2070 726f 626c 656d 2061 nother problem a\n-0000b9e0: 7269 7365 7320 6966 2079 6f75 2069 6e73 rises if you ins\n-0000b9f0: 7461 6c6c 6564 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e talled more than\n-0000ba00: 206f 6e65 2073 6574 206f 660a 444f 532f one set of.DOS/\n-0000ba10: 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 6f6e 746f 206f 6e65 Windows onto one\n-0000ba20: 2064 6973 6b2c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 disk, because t\n-0000ba30: 6865 7920 636f 756c 6420 6265 2063 6f6e hey could be con\n-0000ba40: 6675 7365 6420 6966 2074 6865 7265 2061 fused if there a\n-0000ba50: 7265 0a6d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 re.more than one\n-0000ba60: 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 primary partiti\n-0000ba70: 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 444f 532f 5769 6e64 ons for DOS/Wind\n-0000ba80: 6f77 732e 2020 4365 7274 6169 6e6c 7920 ows. Certainly \n-0000ba90: 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 0a61 766f 6964 you should.avoid\n-0000baa0: 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 doing this, but\n-0000bab0: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 736f 6c75 there is a solu\n-0000bac0: 7469 6f6e 2069 6620 796f 7520 646f 2077 tion if you do w\n-0000bad0: 616e 7420 746f 2064 6f20 736f 2e20 2055 ant to do so. U\n-0000bae0: 7365 0a74 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e se.the partition\n-0000baf0: 2068 6964 696e 672f 756e 6869 6469 6e67 hiding/unhiding\n-0000bb00: 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 technique... \n-0000bb10: 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c68 6964 6573 If GRUB ...hides\n-0000bb20: e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 ... a DOS (or Wi\n-0000bb30: 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ndows) partition\n-0000bb40: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 7274 746f 6f6c (*note parttool\n-0000bb50: 3a3a 292c 2044 4f53 0a28 6f72 2057 696e ::), DOS.(or Win\n-0000bb60: 646f 7773 2920 7769 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 dows) will ignor\n-0000bb70: 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e e the partition.\n-0000bb80: 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c75 6e68 If GRUB ...unh\n-0000bb90: 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f ides... a DOS (o\n-0000bba0: 720a 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 r.Windows) parti\n-0000bbb0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 tion, DOS (or Wi\n-0000bbc0: 6e64 6f77 7329 2077 696c 6c20 6465 7465 ndows) will dete\n-0000bbd0: 6374 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ct the partition\n-0000bbe0: 2e20 2054 6875 732c 0a69 6620 796f 7520 . Thus,.if you \n-0000bbf0: 6861 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2044 have installed D\n-0000bc00: 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 OS (or Windows) \n-0000bc10: 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2061 6e64 on the first and\n-0000bc20: 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 640a 7061 7274 the second.part\n-0000bc30: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 ition of the fir\n-0000bc40: 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 616e st hard disk, an\n-0000bc50: 6420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f d you want to bo\n-0000bc60: 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f70 7920 6f6e 2074 ot the copy on t\n-0000bc70: 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he.first partiti\n-0000bc80: 6f6e 2c20 646f 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f on, do the follo\n-0000bc90: 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 wing:.. part\n-0000bca0: 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3129 2068 6964 tool (hd0,1) hid\n-0000bcb0: 6465 6e2d 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f den-. partto\n-0000bcc0: 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3229 2068 6964 6465 ol (hd0,2) hidde\n-0000bcd0: 6e2b 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 n+. set root\n-0000bce0: 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 6368 =(hd0,1). ch\n-0000bcf0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 ainloader +1. \n-0000bd00: 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2024 7b72 6f6f parttool ${roo\n-0000bd10: 747d 2062 6f6f 742b 0a20 2020 2020 626f t} boot+. bo\n-0000bd20: 6f74 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ot....File: grub\n-0000bd30: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f .info, Node: Co\n-0000bd40: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 nfiguration, Ne\n-0000bd50: 7874 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 xt: Theme file f\n-0000bd60: 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 426f ormat, Prev: Bo\n-0000bd70: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a oting, Up: Top.\n-0000bd80: 0a36 2057 7269 7469 6e67 2079 6f75 7220 .6 Writing your \n-0000bd90: 6f77 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f own configuratio\n-0000bda0: 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a n file.*********\n+0000a9f0: 2020 2020 2d2d 6578 6563 2d73 6572 7665 --exec-serve\n+0000aa00: 722d 7461 736b 3d27 247b 6578 6563 2d74 r-task='${exec-t\n+0000aa10: 6173 6b7d 2720 2d54 2074 7970 6564 2027 ask}' -T typed '\n+0000aa20: 247b 726f 6f74 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 ${root}' \\. \n+0000aa30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2724 2874 6173 6b2d '$(task-\n+0000aa50: 6372 6561 7465 2927 2027 2428 7461 736b create)' '$(task\n+0000aa60: 2d72 6573 756d 6529 270a 2020 2020 2020 -resume)'. \n+0000aa70: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 grub> module\n+0000aa80: 202f 6c69 622f 6c64 2e73 6f2e 3120 6578 /lib/ld.so.1 ex\n+0000aa90: 6563 202f 6875 7264 2f65 7865 6320 2724 ec /hurd/exec '$\n+0000aaa0: 2865 7865 632d 7461 736b 3d74 6173 6b2d (exec-task=task-\n+0000aab0: 6372 6561 7465 2927 0a0a 2020 332e 2046 create)'.. 3. F\n+0000aac0: 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 inally, run the \n+0000aad0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 command ...boot.\n+0000aae0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a .. (*note boot::\n+0000aaf0: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+0000ab00: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e .info, Node: GN\n+0000ab10: 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 U/Linux, Next: \n+0000ab20: 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 NetBSD, Prev: G\n+0000ab30: 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 NU/Hurd, Up: OS\n+0000ab40: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a -specific notes.\n+0000ab50: 0a35 2e34 2e32 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 .5.4.2 GNU/Linux\n+0000ab60: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0000ab70: 0a0a 4974 2069 7320 7265 6c61 7469 7665 ..It is relative\n+0000ab80: 6c79 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 ly easy to boot \n+0000ab90: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6672 6f6d 2047 GNU/Linux from G\n+0000aba0: 5255 422c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 7420 RUB, because it \n+0000abb0: 736f 6d65 7768 6174 0a72 6573 656d 626c somewhat.resembl\n+0000abc0: 6573 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2061 204d 756c es to boot a Mul\n+0000abd0: 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 tiboot-compliant\n+0000abe0: 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 OS... 1. Set G\n+0000abf0: 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 RUB's root devic\n+0000ac00: 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 e to the same dr\n+0000ac10: 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 ive as GNU/Linux\n+0000ac20: 2773 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 's. The. co\n+0000ac30: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 mmand ...search \n+0000ac40: 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d66 696c --set=root --fil\n+0000ac50: 6520 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a e280 9920 6f72 e /vmlinuz... or\n+0000ac60: 2073 696d 696c 6172 206d 6179 2068 656c similar may hel\n+0000ac70: 7020 796f 750a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 p you. (*not\n+0000ac80: 6520 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 e search::)... \n+0000ac90: 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 2. Load the kern\n+0000aca0: 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d el using the com\n+0000acb0: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 mand ...linux...\n+0000acc0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 (*note linux::)\n+0000acd0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n+0000ace0: 623e 206c 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 b> linux /vmlinu\n+0000acf0: 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f 7364 6131 z root=/dev/sda1\n+0000ad00: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 .. If you ne\n+0000ad10: 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 736f ed to specify so\n+0000ad20: 6d65 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 me kernel parame\n+0000ad30: 7465 7273 2c20 6a75 7374 2061 7070 656e ters, just appen\n+0000ad40: 6420 7468 656d 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 d them to. t\n+0000ad50: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 6f72 he command. For\n+0000ad60: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f 2073 6574 example, to set\n+0000ad70: 20e2 8098 6163 7069 e280 9920 746f 20e2 ...acpi... to .\n+0000ad80: 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 2c20 646f 2074 6869 ..off..., do thi\n+0000ad90: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 s:.. gr\n+0000ada0: 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e ub> linux /vmlin\n+0000adb0: 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 uz root=/dev/sda\n+0000adc0: 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 2020 1 acpi=off.. \n+0000add0: 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e See the documen\n+0000ade0: 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 tation in the Li\n+0000adf0: 6e75 7820 736f 7572 6365 2074 7265 6520 nux source tree \n+0000ae00: 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 for complete. \n+0000ae10: 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e information on\n+0000ae20: 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f the available o\n+0000ae30: 7074 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 ptions... Wi\n+0000ae40: 7468 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2047 th ...linux... G\n+0000ae50: 5255 4220 7573 6573 2033 322d 6269 7420 RUB uses 32-bit \n+0000ae60: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2053 6f6d 6520 protocol. Some \n+0000ae70: 4249 4f53 2073 6572 7669 6365 7320 6c69 BIOS services li\n+0000ae80: 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 4150 4d20 6f72 2045 ke. APM or E\n+0000ae90: 4444 2061 7265 6e27 7420 6176 6169 6c61 DD aren't availa\n+0000aea0: 626c 6520 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 7072 ble with this pr\n+0000aeb0: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 otocol. In this\n+0000aec0: 2063 6173 6520 796f 750a 2020 2020 206e case you. n\n+0000aed0: 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 6c69 eed to use ...li\n+0000aee0: 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 nux16..... \n+0000aef0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7831 grub> linux1\n+0000af00: 3620 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 6 /vmlinuz root=\n+0000af10: 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f /dev/sda1 acpi=o\n+0000af20: 6666 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f 7520 ff.. 3. If you \n+0000af30: 7573 6520 616e 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2065 use an initrd, e\n+0000af40: 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 xecute the comma\n+0000af50: 6e64 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 e280 9920 nd ...initrd... \n+0000af60: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 (*note initrd::)\n+0000af70: 0a20 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 e280 986c . after ...l\n+0000af80: 696e 7578 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 inux...:.. \n+0000af90: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 grub> initrd\n+0000afa0: 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 /initrd.. I\n+0000afb0: 6620 796f 7520 7573 6564 20e2 8098 6c69 f you used ...li\n+0000afc0: 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 2079 6f75 206e 6565 nux16... you nee\n+0000afd0: 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 696e 6974 d to use ...init\n+0000afe0: 7264 3136 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 rd16...:.. \n+0000aff0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 grub> initrd\n+0000b000: 3136 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 342e 16 /initrd.. 4.\n+0000b010: 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 Finally, run th\n+0000b020: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f e command ...boo\n+0000b030: 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 t... (*note boot\n+0000b040: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n+0000b050: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0000b060: 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 NetBSD, Next: D\n+0000b070: 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 2c20 2050 7265 OS/Windows, Pre\n+0000b080: 763a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 v: GNU/Linux, U\n+0000b090: 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e p: OS-specific n\n+0000b0a0: 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3320 4e65 7442 otes..5.4.3 NetB\n+0000b0b0: 5344 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a SD.------------.\n+0000b0c0: 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 204e 6574 4253 .Booting a NetBS\n+0000b0d0: 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2066 726f 6d20 4752 D kernel from GR\n+0000b0e0: 5542 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 656c 6174 UB is also relat\n+0000b0f0: 6976 656c 7920 6561 7379 3a20 6669 7273 ively easy: firs\n+0000b100: 7420 7365 740a 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f t set.GRUB's roo\n+0000b110: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2c20 7468 656e 206c t device, then l\n+0000b120: 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2061 oad the kernel a\n+0000b130: 6e64 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 nd the modules, \n+0000b140: 616e 6420 6669 6e61 6c6c 790a 7275 6e20 and finally.run \n+0000b150: e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2031 ...boot...... 1\n+0000b160: 2e20 5365 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f . Set GRUB's roo\n+0000b170: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 t device to the \n+0000b180: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 686f 6c64 696e partition holdin\n+0000b190: 6720 7468 6520 4e65 7442 5344 2072 6f6f g the NetBSD roo\n+0000b1a0: 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 t. file syst\n+0000b1b0: 656d 2e20 2046 6f72 2061 2064 6973 6b20 em. For a disk \n+0000b1c0: 7769 7468 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 6469 with a NetBSD di\n+0000b1d0: 736b 206c 6162 656c 2c20 7468 6973 2069 sk label, this i\n+0000b1e0: 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2074 s usually. t\n+0000b1f0: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n+0000b200: 6f6e 2028 613a 292e 2020 496e 2074 6861 on (a:). In tha\n+0000b210: 7420 6361 7365 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 t case, and assu\n+0000b220: 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 ming that the. \n+0000b230: 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 partition is \n+0000b240: 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 on the first har\n+0000b250: 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 4752 5542 d disk, set GRUB\n+0000b260: 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2061 's root device a\n+0000b270: 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a s. follows:.\n+0000b280: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n+0000b290: 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f62 7364 insmod part_bsd\n+0000b2a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n+0000b2b0: 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c6e set root=(hd0,n\n+0000b2c0: 6574 6273 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 466f etbsd1).. Fo\n+0000b2d0: 7220 6120 6469 736b 2077 6974 6820 6120 r a disk with a \n+0000b2e0: 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 GUID Partition T\n+0000b2f0: 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2c20 616e 6420 able (GPT), and \n+0000b300: 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 assuming that th\n+0000b310: 650a 2020 2020 204e 6574 4253 4420 726f e. NetBSD ro\n+0000b320: 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 ot partition is \n+0000b330: 7468 6520 7468 6972 6420 4750 5420 7061 the third GPT pa\n+0000b340: 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2064 6f20 7468 6973 rtition, do this\n+0000b350: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n+0000b360: 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f67 b> insmod part_g\n+0000b370: 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 pt. gru\n+0000b380: 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 b> set root=(hd0\n+0000b390: 2c67 7074 3329 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 ,gpt3).. 2. Loa\n+0000b3a0: 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 d the kernel usi\n+0000b3b0: 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 ng the command .\n+0000b3c0: 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 ..knetbsd...:.. \n+0000b3d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206b grub> k\n+0000b3e0: 6e65 7462 7364 202f 6e65 7462 7364 0a0a netbsd /netbsd..\n+0000b3f0: 2020 2020 2056 6172 696f 7573 206f 7074 Various opt\n+0000b400: 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 ions may be give\n+0000b410: 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 n to ...knetbsd.\n+0000b420: 8099 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f ... These optio\n+0000b430: 6e73 2061 7265 2c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 ns are, for. \n+0000b440: 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7061 7274 2c20 the most part, \n+0000b450: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 696e 2074 the same as in t\n+0000b460: 6865 204e 6574 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c he NetBSD boot l\n+0000b470: 6f61 6465 722e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 oader. For. \n+0000b480: 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2074 6f20 626f instance, to bo\n+0000b490: 6f74 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696e ot the system in\n+0000b4a0: 2073 696e 676c 652d 7573 6572 206d 6f64 single-user mod\n+0000b4b0: 6520 616e 6420 7769 7468 2076 6572 626f e and with verbo\n+0000b4c0: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 7373 6167 6573 se. messages\n+0000b4d0: 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 , do this:.. \n+0000b4e0: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 grub> knet\n+0000b4f0: 6273 6420 2f6e 6574 6273 6420 2d73 202d bsd /netbsd -s -\n+0000b500: 760a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 206e 6565 6465 v.. 3. If neede\n+0000b510: 642c 206c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206d d, load kernel m\n+0000b520: 6f64 756c 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 odules with the \n+0000b530: 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 command. ...\n+0000b540: 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 knetbsd_module_e\n+0000b550: 6c66 e280 992e 2020 4120 7479 7069 6361 lf.... A typica\n+0000b560: 6c20 6578 616d 706c 6520 6973 2074 6865 l example is the\n+0000b570: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 module for the \n+0000b580: 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 root. file s\n+0000b590: 7973 7465 6d3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ystem:.. \n+0000b5a0: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 645f grub> knetbsd_\n+0000b5b0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 7374 616e module_elf /stan\n+0000b5c0: 642f 616d 6436 342f 362e 302f 6d6f 6475 d/amd64/6.0/modu\n+0000b5d0: 6c65 732f 6666 732f 6666 732e 6b6d 6f64 les/ffs/ffs.kmod\n+0000b5e0: 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 .. 4. Finally, \n+0000b5f0: 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 run the command \n+0000b600: e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ...boot... (*not\n+0000b610: 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 e boot::).....Fi\n+0000b620: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0000b630: 4e6f 6465 3a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 Node: DOS/Window\n+0000b640: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 s, Prev: NetBSD\n+0000b650: 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 , Up: OS-specif\n+0000b660: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3420 ic notes..5.4.4 \n+0000b670: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 730a 2d2d 2d2d DOS/Windows.----\n+0000b680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 -------------..G\n+0000b690: 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 RUB cannot boot \n+0000b6a0: 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2064 DOS or Windows d\n+0000b6b0: 6972 6563 746c 792c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 irectly, so you \n+0000b6c0: 6d75 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 must chain-load \n+0000b6d0: 7468 656d 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4368 6169 them.(*note Chai\n+0000b6e0: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e20 2048 n-loading::). H\n+0000b6f0: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6569 7220 626f owever, their bo\n+0000b700: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7273 2068 6176 6520 ot loaders have \n+0000b710: 736f 6d65 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 6465 some critical.de\n+0000b720: 6669 6369 656e 6369 6573 2c20 736f 2069 ficiencies, so i\n+0000b730: 7420 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 2074 t may not work t\n+0000b740: 6f20 6a75 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 o just chain-loa\n+0000b750: 6420 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 6f76 6572 d them. To over\n+0000b760: 636f 6d65 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d come.the problem\n+0000b770: 732c 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 s, GRUB provides\n+0000b780: 2079 6f75 2077 6974 6820 7477 6f20 6865 you with two he\n+0000b790: 6c70 6572 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a lper functions..\n+0000b7a0: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 . If you have \n+0000b7b0: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 444f 5320 286f installed DOS (o\n+0000b7c0: 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 206f 6e20 6120 r Windows) on a \n+0000b7d0: 6e6f 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 non-first hard d\n+0000b7e0: 6973 6b2c 2079 6f75 0a68 6176 6520 746f isk, you.have to\n+0000b7f0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 7377 use the disk sw\n+0000b800: 6170 7069 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 apping technique\n+0000b810: 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6174 204f , because that O\n+0000b820: 5320 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 740a 6672 S cannot boot.fr\n+0000b830: 6f6d 2061 6e79 2064 6973 6b73 2062 7574 om any disks but\n+0000b840: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 206f 6e65 2e20 the first one. \n+0000b850: 2054 6865 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 The workaround \n+0000b860: 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 used in GRUB is \n+0000b870: 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9864 the.command ...d\n+0000b880: 7269 7665 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 rivemap... (*not\n+0000b890: 6520 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 292c 206c e drivemap::), l\n+0000b8a0: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike this:.. \n+0000b8b0: 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 drivemap -s (hd0\n+0000b8c0: 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 ) (hd1).. This\n+0000b8d0: 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 e280 9c76 performs a ...v\n+0000b8e0: 6972 7475 616c e280 9d20 7377 6170 2062 irtual... swap b\n+0000b8f0: 6574 7765 656e 2079 6f75 7220 6669 7273 etween your firs\n+0000b900: 7420 616e 6420 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 t and second har\n+0000b910: 640a 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 202a 4361 d.drive... *Ca\n+0000b920: 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 5468 6973 2069 7320 ution:* This is \n+0000b930: 6566 6665 6374 6976 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 effective only i\n+0000b940: 6620 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 f DOS (or Window\n+0000b950: 7329 2075 7365 7320 4249 4f53 2074 6f0a s) uses BIOS to.\n+0000b960: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6865 2073 7761 7070 access the swapp\n+0000b970: 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 ed disks. If th\n+0000b980: 6174 204f 5320 7573 6573 2061 2073 7065 at OS uses a spe\n+0000b990: 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f 7220 cial driver for \n+0000b9a0: 7468 650a 6469 736b 732c 2074 6869 7320 the.disks, this \n+0000b9b0: 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2077 6f6e 2774 2077 probably won't w\n+0000b9c0: 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e6f 7468 6572 ork... Another\n+0000b9d0: 2070 726f 626c 656d 2061 7269 7365 7320 problem arises \n+0000b9e0: 6966 2079 6f75 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 if you installed\n+0000b9f0: 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2073 more than one s\n+0000ba00: 6574 206f 660a 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 et of.DOS/Window\n+0000ba10: 7320 6f6e 746f 206f 6e65 2064 6973 6b2c s onto one disk,\n+0000ba20: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 7920 636f because they co\n+0000ba30: 756c 6420 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 uld be confused \n+0000ba40: 6966 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 0a6d 6f72 if there are.mor\n+0000ba50: 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2070 7269 6d61 e than one prima\n+0000ba60: 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 666f ry partitions fo\n+0000ba70: 7220 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 2020 r DOS/Windows. \n+0000ba80: 4365 7274 6169 6e6c 7920 796f 7520 7368 Certainly you sh\n+0000ba90: 6f75 6c64 0a61 766f 6964 2064 6f69 6e67 ould.avoid doing\n+0000baa0: 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 2074 6865 7265 this, but there\n+0000bab0: 2069 7320 6120 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 is a solution i\n+0000bac0: 6620 796f 7520 646f 2077 616e 7420 746f f you do want to\n+0000bad0: 2064 6f20 736f 2e20 2055 7365 0a74 6865 do so. Use.the\n+0000bae0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2068 6964 696e partition hidin\n+0000baf0: 672f 756e 6869 6469 6e67 2074 6563 686e g/unhiding techn\n+0000bb00: 6971 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2047 5255 ique... If GRU\n+0000bb10: 4220 e280 9c68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 B ...hides... a \n+0000bb20: 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 DOS (or Windows)\n+0000bb30: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 partition (*not\n+0000bb40: 6520 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a3a 292c 2044 e parttool::), D\n+0000bb50: 4f53 0a28 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 OS.(or Windows) \n+0000bb60: 7769 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 6520 7468 6520 will ignore the \n+0000bb70: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2047 partition. If G\n+0000bb80: 5255 4220 e280 9c75 6e68 6964 6573 e280 RUB ...unhides..\n+0000bb90: 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f 720a 5769 6e64 . a DOS (or.Wind\n+0000bba0: 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 ows) partition, \n+0000bbb0: 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 DOS (or Windows)\n+0000bbc0: 2077 696c 6c20 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 will detect the\n+0000bbd0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6875 partition. Thu\n+0000bbe0: 732c 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2069 s,.if you have i\n+0000bbf0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 nstalled DOS (or\n+0000bc00: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 6f6e 2074 6865 Windows) on the\n+0000bc10: 2066 6972 7374 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 first and the s\n+0000bc20: 6563 6f6e 640a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 econd.partition \n+0000bc30: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 of the first har\n+0000bc40: 6420 6469 736b 2c20 616e 6420 796f 7520 d disk, and you \n+0000bc50: 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 want to boot the\n+0000bc60: 2063 6f70 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 0a66 6972 copy on the.fir\n+0000bc70: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 646f st partition, do\n+0000bc80: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a the following:.\n+0000bc90: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 . parttool (\n+0000bca0: 6864 302c 3129 2068 6964 6465 6e2d 0a20 hd0,1) hidden-. \n+0000bcb0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 parttool (hd\n+0000bcc0: 302c 3229 2068 6964 6465 6e2b 0a20 2020 0,2) hidden+. \n+0000bcd0: 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c set root=(hd0,\n+0000bce0: 3129 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 1). chainloa\n+0000bcf0: 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 der +1. part\n+0000bd00: 746f 6f6c 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d 2062 6f6f tool ${root} boo\n+0000bd10: 742b 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 0a0a 1f0a t+. boot....\n+0000bd20: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0000bd30: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 Node: Configur\n+0000bd40: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5468 ation, Next: Th\n+0000bd50: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742c eme file format,\n+0000bd60: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 672c Prev: Booting,\n+0000bd70: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a36 2057 7269 Up: Top..6 Wri\n+0000bd80: 7469 6e67 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 6e20 636f ting your own co\n+0000bd90: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+0000bda0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n 0000bdb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0000bdc0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 ************..GR\n-0000bdd0: 5542 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 UB is configured\n-0000bde0: 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 using ...grub.c\n-0000bdf0: 6667 e280 992c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c fg..., usually l\n-0000be00: 6f63 6174 6564 2075 6e64 6572 20e2 8098 ocated under ...\n-0000be10: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a54 /boot/grub.....T\n-0000be20: 6869 7320 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7175 6974 his file is quit\n-0000be30: 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 e flexible, but \n-0000be40: 6d6f 7374 2075 7365 7273 2077 696c 6c20 most users will \n-0000be50: 6e6f 7420 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7772 6974 not need to writ\n-0000be60: 6520 7468 650a 7768 6f6c 6520 7468 696e e the.whole thin\n-0000be70: 6720 6279 2068 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 g by hand...* Me\n-0000be80: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f nu:..* Simple co\n-0000be90: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 nfiguration:: \n-0000bea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6563 6f6d 6d65 Recomme\n-0000beb0: 6e64 6564 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7573 nded for most us\n-0000bec0: 6572 730a 2a20 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 ers.* Root Ident\n-0000bed0: 6966 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 ifcation Heurist\n-0000bee0: 6963 733a 3a20 2020 5375 6d6d 6172 7920 ics:: Summary \n-0000bef0: 6f6e 2068 6f77 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 on how the root \n-0000bf00: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6973 2069 file system is i\n-0000bf10: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 642e 0a2a 2053 6865 dentified..* She\n-0000bf20: 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e ll-like scriptin\n-0000bf30: 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 g:: F\n-0000bf40: 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2075 7365 7273 2061 or power users a\n-0000bf50: 6e64 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 730a 2a20 nd developers.* \n-0000bf60: 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 Multi-boot manua\n-0000bf70: 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 l config:: \n-0000bf80: 2020 466f 7220 6e6f 6e2d 7374 616e 6461 For non-standa\n-0000bf90: 7264 206d 756c 7469 2d4f 5320 7363 656e rd multi-OS scen\n-0000bfa0: 6172 696f 730a 2a20 456d 6265 6464 6564 arios.* Embedded\n-0000bfb0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a configuration::\n-0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456d 6265 6464 Embedd\n-0000bfd0: 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 ing a configurat\n-0000bfe0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 ion file into GR\n-0000bff0: 5542 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 UB....File: grub\n-0000c000: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5369 .info, Node: Si\n-0000c010: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple configurati\n-0000c020: 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6f6f 7420 on, Next: Root \n-0000c030: 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 4865 Identifcation He\n-0000c040: 7572 6973 7469 6373 2c20 2055 703a 2043 uristics, Up: C\n-0000c050: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e onfiguration..6.\n-0000c060: 3120 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 1 Simple configu\n-0000c070: 7261 7469 6f6e 2068 616e 646c 696e 670a ration handling.\n+0000bdc0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2069 7320 ******..GRUB is \n+0000bdd0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2075 7369 6e67 configured using\n+0000bde0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c ...grub.cfg...,\n+0000bdf0: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c 6f63 6174 6564 usually located\n+0000be00: 2075 6e64 6572 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f under .../boot/\n+0000be10: 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a54 6869 7320 6669 grub.....This fi\n+0000be20: 6c65 2069 7320 7175 6974 6520 666c 6578 le is quite flex\n+0000be30: 6962 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 6d6f 7374 2075 ible, but most u\n+0000be40: 7365 7273 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6e65 sers will not ne\n+0000be50: 6564 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 7468 650a ed to write the.\n+0000be60: 7768 6f6c 6520 7468 696e 6720 6279 2068 whole thing by h\n+0000be70: 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a and...* Menu:..*\n+0000be80: 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple configur\n+0000be90: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ation:: \n+0000bea0: 2020 2052 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2066 Recommended f\n+0000beb0: 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7573 6572 730a 2a20 or most users.* \n+0000bec0: 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 Root Identifcati\n+0000bed0: 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 733a 3a20 on Heuristics:: \n+0000bee0: 2020 5375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f6e 2068 6f77 Summary on how\n+0000bef0: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 the root file s\n+0000bf00: 7973 7465 6d20 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6966 ystem is identif\n+0000bf10: 6965 642e 0a2a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b ied..* Shell-lik\n+0000bf20: 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a20 2020 e scripting:: \n+0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2070 6f77 For pow\n+0000bf40: 6572 2075 7365 7273 2061 6e64 2064 6576 er users and dev\n+0000bf50: 656c 6f70 6572 730a 2a20 4d75 6c74 692d elopers.* Multi-\n+0000bf60: 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 boot manual conf\n+0000bf70: 6967 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 466f 7220 ig:: For \n+0000bf80: 6e6f 6e2d 7374 616e 6461 7264 206d 756c non-standard mul\n+0000bf90: 7469 2d4f 5320 7363 656e 6172 696f 730a ti-OS scenarios.\n+0000bfa0: 2a20 456d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 * Embedded confi\n+0000bfb0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 guration:: \n+0000bfc0: 2020 2020 456d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 Embedding a \n+0000bfd0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+0000bfe0: 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 0a0a 1f0a le into GRUB....\n+0000bff0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0000c000: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 Node: Simple c\n+0000c010: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e onfiguration, N\n+0000c020: 6578 743a 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 ext: Root Identi\n+0000c030: 6663 6174 696f 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 fcation Heuristi\n+0000c040: 6373 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 cs, Up: Configu\n+0000c050: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3120 5369 6d70 ration..6.1 Simp\n+0000c060: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n+0000c070: 2068 616e 646c 696e 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d handling.======\n 0000c080: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000c090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000c0a0: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 =..The program .\n-0000c0b0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n-0000c0c0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 .. (*note Invoki\n-0000c0d0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n-0000c0e0: 3a3a 2920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 730a e280 ::) generates...\n-0000c0f0: 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2066 696c .grub.cfg... fil\n-0000c100: 6573 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 es suitable for \n-0000c110: 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 2e20 2049 7420 most cases. It \n-0000c120: 6973 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 is suitable for \n-0000c130: 7573 6520 7768 656e 0a75 7067 7261 6469 use when.upgradi\n-0000c140: 6e67 2061 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f ng a distributio\n-0000c150: 6e2c 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7363 n, and will disc\n-0000c160: 6f76 6572 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206b over available k\n-0000c170: 6572 6e65 6c73 2061 6e64 0a61 7474 656d ernels and.attem\n-0000c180: 7074 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d pt to generate m\n-0000c190: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 enu entries for \n-0000c1a0: 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 them... ...gru\n-0000c1b0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 646f b-mkconfig... do\n-0000c1c0: 6573 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 206c 696d es have some lim\n-0000c1d0: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 2057 6869 6c65 itations. While\n-0000c1e0: 2061 6464 696e 6720 6578 7472 610a 6375 adding extra.cu\n-0000c1f0: 7374 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 stom menu entrie\n-0000c200: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 s to the end of \n-0000c210: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 2063 616e 2062 6520 the list can be \n-0000c220: 646f 6e65 2062 7920 6564 6974 696e 670a done by editing.\n-0000c230: e280 982f 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 .../etc/grub.d/4\n-0000c240: 305f 6375 7374 6f6d e280 9920 6f72 2063 0_custom... or c\n-0000c250: 7265 6174 696e 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 reating .../boot\n-0000c260: 2f67 7275 622f 6375 7374 6f6d 2e63 6667 /grub/custom.cfg\n-0000c270: e280 992c 2063 6861 6e67 696e 670a 7468 ..., changing.th\n-0000c280: 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 206d 656e 7520 e order of menu \n-0000c290: 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 entries or chang\n-0000c2a0: 696e 6720 7468 6569 7220 7469 746c 6573 ing their titles\n-0000c2b0: 206d 6179 2072 6571 7569 7265 206d 616b may require mak\n-0000c2c0: 696e 670a 636f 6d70 6c65 7820 6368 616e ing.complex chan\n-0000c2d0: 6765 7320 746f 2073 6865 6c6c 2073 6372 ges to shell scr\n-0000c2e0: 6970 7473 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 ipts stored in .\n-0000c2f0: 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f e280 ../etc/grub.d/..\n-0000c300: 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 2062 650a .. This may be.\n-0000c310: 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 improved in the \n-0000c320: 6675 7475 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 future. In the \n-0000c330: 6d65 616e 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6f73 6520 meantime, those \n-0000c340: 7768 6f20 6665 656c 2074 6861 7420 6974 who feel that it\n-0000c350: 2077 6f75 6c64 0a62 6520 6561 7369 6572 would.be easier\n-0000c360: 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 e280 9867 7275 to write ...gru\n-0000c370: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746c b.cfg... directl\n-0000c380: 7920 6172 6520 656e 636f 7572 6167 6564 y are encouraged\n-0000c390: 2074 6f20 646f 2073 6f20 282a 6e6f 7465 to do so (*note\n-0000c3a0: 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 .Booting::, and \n-0000c3b0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 *note Shell-like\n-0000c3c0: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292c 2061 scripting::), a\n-0000c3d0: 6e64 2074 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 616e nd to disable an\n-0000c3e0: 7920 7379 7374 656d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 y system.provide\n-0000c3f0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 6972 2064 6973 7472 d by their distr\n-0000c400: 6962 7574 696f 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d ibution to autom\n-0000c410: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2072 756e 20e2 8098 atically run ...\n-0000c420: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n-0000c430: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 ... The file .\n-0000c440: 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 ../etc/default/g\n-0000c450: 7275 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 rub... controls \n-0000c460: 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 the operation of\n-0000c470: 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ....grub-mkconfi\n-0000c480: 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2073 6f75 g.... It is sou\n-0000c490: 7263 6564 2062 7920 6120 7368 656c 6c20 rced by a shell \n-0000c4a0: 7363 7269 7074 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206d script, and so m\n-0000c4b0: 7573 7420 6265 2076 616c 6964 0a50 4f53 ust be valid.POS\n-0000c4c0: 4958 2073 6865 6c6c 2069 6e70 7574 3b20 IX shell input; \n-0000c4d0: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 2077 696c normally, it wil\n-0000c4e0: 6c20 6a75 7374 2062 6520 6120 7365 7175 l just be a sequ\n-0000c4f0: 656e 6365 206f 6620 e280 984b 4559 3d76 ence of ...KEY=v\n-0000c500: 616c 7565 e280 990a 6c69 6e65 732c 2062 alue....lines, b\n-0000c510: 7574 2069 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 ut if the value \n-0000c520: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2073 7061 6365 7320 contains spaces \n-0000c530: 6f72 206f 7468 6572 2073 7065 6369 616c or other special\n-0000c540: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 7468 656e characters then\n-0000c550: 0a69 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7175 6f74 .it must be quot\n-0000c560: 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 ed. For example\n-0000c570: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f54 4552 :.. GRUB_TER\n-0000c580: 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 543d 2263 6f6e MINAL_INPUT=\"con\n-0000c590: 736f 6c65 2073 6572 6961 6c22 0a0a 2020 sole serial\".. \n-0000c5a0: 2056 616c 6964 206b 6579 7320 696e 20e2 Valid keys in .\n-0000c5b0: 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 ../etc/default/g\n-0000c5c0: 7275 62e2 8099 2061 7265 2061 7320 666f rub... are as fo\n-0000c5d0: 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f llows:.....GRUB_\n-0000c5e0: 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 DEFAULT.... \n-0000c5f0: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 The default menu\n-0000c600: 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 entry. This ma\n-0000c610: 7920 6265 2061 206e 756d 6265 722c 2069 y be a number, i\n-0000c620: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 740a n which case it.\n-0000c630: 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 identifies \n-0000c640: 7468 6520 4e74 6820 656e 7472 7920 696e the Nth entry in\n-0000c650: 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 206d the generated m\n-0000c660: 656e 7520 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d enu counted from\n-0000c670: 207a 6572 6f2c 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 2074 zero,. or t\n-0000c680: 6865 2074 6974 6c65 206f 6620 6120 6d65 he title of a me\n-0000c690: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 nu entry, or the\n-0000c6a0: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 special string \n-0000c6b0: e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 992e 2020 5573 ...saved.... Us\n-0000c6c0: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2069 6420 ing. the id \n-0000c6d0: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6966 may be useful if\n-0000c6e0: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 you want to set\n-0000c6f0: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6173 a menu entry as\n-0000c700: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 the default. \n-0000c710: 2020 6576 656e 2074 686f 7567 6820 7468 even though th\n-0000c720: 6572 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2076 6172 ere may be a var\n-0000c730: 6961 626c 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 iable number of \n-0000c740: 656e 7472 6965 7320 6265 666f 7265 2069 entries before i\n-0000c750: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 t... For exa\n-0000c760: 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 mple, if you hav\n-0000c770: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 e:.. menuent\n-0000c780: 7279 2027 4578 616d 706c 6520 474e 552f ry 'Example GNU/\n-0000c790: 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 Linux distributi\n-0000c7a0: 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 676e 752d on' --class gnu-\n-0000c7b0: 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 7861 6d70 linux --id examp\n-0000c7c0: 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 207b 0a20 le-gnu-linux {. \n-0000c7d0: 2020 2020 092e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a ..... }.\n-0000c7e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 . then you c\n-0000c7f0: 616e 206d 616b 6520 7468 6973 2074 6865 an make this the\n-0000c800: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a default using:.\n-0000c810: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f . GRUB_\n-0000c820: 4445 4641 554c 543d 6578 616d 706c 652d DEFAULT=example-\n-0000c830: 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 2020 gnu-linux.. \n-0000c840: 5072 6576 696f 7573 6c79 2069 7420 7761 Previously it wa\n-0000c850: 7320 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2074 6865 s documented the\n-0000c860: 2077 6179 2074 6f20 7573 6520 656e 7472 way to use entr\n-0000c870: 7920 7469 746c 652e 2020 5768 696c 650a y title. While.\n-0000c880: 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 7374 696c 6c20 this still \n-0000c890: 776f 726b 7320 6974 2773 206e 6f74 2072 works it's not r\n-0000c8a0: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 ecommended since\n-0000c8b0: 2074 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 636f titles often co\n-0000c8c0: 6e74 6169 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 7461 ntain. unsta\n-0000c8d0: 626c 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 ble device names\n-0000c8e0: 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7472 616e and may be tran\n-0000c8f0: 736c 6174 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 slated.. If \n-0000c900: 796f 7520 7365 7420 7468 6973 2074 6f20 you set this to \n-0000c910: e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 992c 2074 6865 ...saved..., the\n-0000c920: 6e20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 n the default me\n-0000c930: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 nu entry will be\n-0000c940: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 2073 6176 6564 . that saved\n-0000c950: 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 by ...GRUB_SAVE\n-0000c960: 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 DEFAULT... or ..\n-0000c970: 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c .grub-set-defaul\n-0000c980: 74e2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 t.... This. \n-0000c990: 2072 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 relies on the e\n-0000c9a0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n-0000c9b0: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 , which may not \n-0000c9c0: 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 be available in \n-0000c9d0: 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6974 7561 7469 all. situati\n-0000c9e0: 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 ons (*note Envir\n-0000c9f0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e onment block::).\n-0000ca00: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 .. The defau\n-0000ca10: 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9830 e280 992e 0a0a lt is ...0......\n-0000ca20: e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 ...GRUB_SAVEDEFA\n-0000ca30: 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 ULT.... If t\n-0000ca40: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 his option is se\n-0000ca50: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c t to ...true...,\n-0000ca60: 2074 6865 6e2c 2077 6865 6e20 616e 2065 then, when an e\n-0000ca70: 6e74 7279 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 ntry is selected\n-0000ca80: 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6176 6520 6974 2061 ,. save it a\n-0000ca90: 7320 6120 6e65 7720 6465 6661 756c 7420 s a new default \n-0000caa0: 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 7573 6520 6279 entry for use by\n-0000cab0: 2066 7574 7572 6520 7275 6e73 206f 6620 future runs of \n-0000cac0: 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 GRUB. This. \n-0000cad0: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 2069 is only useful i\n-0000cae0: 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c f ...GRUB_DEFAUL\n-0000caf0: 543d 7361 7665 64e2 8099 3b20 6974 2069 T=saved...; it i\n-0000cb00: 7320 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 206f 7074 s a separate opt\n-0000cb10: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6563 6175 7365 ion. because\n-0000cb20: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 ...GRUB_DEFAULT\n-0000cb30: 3d73 6176 6564 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 =saved... is use\n-0000cb40: 6675 6c20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6973 ful without this\n-0000cb50: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 option, in. \n-0000cb60: 2063 6f6e 6a75 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 conjunction wit\n-0000cb70: 6820 e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 h ...grub-set-de\n-0000cb80: 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 2055 6e73 6574 fault.... Unset\n-0000cb90: 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 2020 5468 by default. Th\n-0000cba0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2072 is. option r\n-0000cbb0: 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 elies on the env\n-0000cbc0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 ironment block, \n-0000cbd0: 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 which may not be\n-0000cbe0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 available. \n-0000cbf0: 696e 2061 6c6c 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e in all situation\n-0000cc00: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e s (*note Environ\n-0000cc10: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a ment block::)...\n-0000cc20: e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT.\n-0000cc30: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 ... Boot the\n-0000cc40: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2074 default entry t\n-0000cc50: 6869 7320 6d61 6e79 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 his many seconds\n-0000cc60: 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 after the menu \n-0000cc70: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7965 is. displaye\n-0000cc80: 642c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6120 6b65 7920 d, unless a key \n-0000cc90: 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 2e20 2054 6865 is pressed. The\n-0000cca0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9835 default is ...5\n-0000ccb0: e280 992e 2020 5365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 .... Set to. \n-0000ccc0: 2020 e280 9830 e280 9920 746f 2062 6f6f ...0... to boo\n-0000ccd0: 7420 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 7920 7769 t immediately wi\n-0000cce0: 7468 6f75 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 thout displaying\n-0000ccf0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 206f 7220 746f the menu, or to\n-0000cd00: 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 ...-1... to. \n-0000cd10: 2020 7761 6974 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 wait indefinit\n-0000cd20: 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 ely... If ..\n-0000cd30: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 .GRUB_TIMEOUT_ST\n-0000cd40: 594c 45e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f YLE... is set to\n-0000cd50: 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 ...countdown...\n-0000cd60: 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 or ...hidden...\n-0000cd70: 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 696d 656f , the. timeo\n-0000cd80: 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 636f ut is instead co\n-0000cd90: 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 unted before the\n-0000cda0: 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 menu is display\n-0000cdb0: 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d ed......GRUB_TIM\n-0000cdc0: 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 e280 990a 2020 EOUT_STYLE.... \n-0000cdd0: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f If this optio\n-0000cde0: 6e20 6973 2075 6e73 6574 206f 7220 7365 n is unset or se\n-0000cdf0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 992c t to ...menu...,\n-0000ce00: 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 then GRUB will \n-0000ce10: 6469 7370 6c61 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 display. the\n-0000ce20: 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 7468 656e 2077 menu and then w\n-0000ce30: 6169 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 ait for the time\n-0000ce40: 6f75 7420 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 out set by ...GR\n-0000ce50: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 746f UB_TIMEOUT... to\n-0000ce60: 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 2062 6566 . expire bef\n-0000ce70: 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 ore booting the \n-0000ce80: 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 2020 default entry. \n-0000ce90: 5072 6573 7369 6e67 2061 206b 6579 2069 Pressing a key i\n-0000cea0: 6e74 6572 7275 7074 730a 2020 2020 2074 nterrupts. t\n-0000ceb0: 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 he timeout... \n-0000cec0: 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e If this option\n-0000ced0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f is set to ...co\n-0000cee0: 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 untdown... or ..\n-0000cef0: 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 656e .hidden..., then\n-0000cf00: 2c20 6265 666f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6469 , before. di\n-0000cf10: 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e splaying the men\n-0000cf20: 752c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2077 6169 u, GRUB will wai\n-0000cf30: 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 t for the timeou\n-0000cf40: 7420 7365 7420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 e280 t set by. ..\n-0000cf50: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 .GRUB_TIMEOUT...\n-0000cf60: 2074 6f20 6578 7069 7265 2e20 2049 6620 to expire. If \n-0000cf70: 3c45 5343 3e20 6f72 203c 4634 3e20 6172 or ar\n-0000cf80: 6520 7072 6573 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 e pressed, or . is he\n-0000cfa0: 6c64 2064 6f77 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2074 ld down during t\n-0000cfb0: 6861 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 6974 2077 696c hat time, it wil\n-0000cfc0: 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6d65 l display the me\n-0000cfd0: 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 6169 740a 2020 2020 nu and wait. \n-0000cfe0: 2066 6f72 2069 6e70 7574 2e20 2049 6620 for input. If \n-0000cff0: 6120 686f 746b 6579 2061 7373 6f63 6961 a hotkey associa\n-0000d000: 7465 6420 7769 7468 2061 206d 656e 7520 ted with a menu \n-0000d010: 656e 7472 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 entry is pressed\n-0000d020: 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 , it. will b\n-0000d030: 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6173 736f 6369 6174 oot the associat\n-0000d040: 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d ed menu entry im\n-0000d050: 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 mediately. If t\n-0000d060: 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 he timeout. \n-0000d070: 6578 7069 7265 7320 6265 666f 7265 2065 expires before e\n-0000d080: 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2068 ither of these h\n-0000d090: 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 appens, it will \n-0000d0a0: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 boot the default\n-0000d0b0: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 792e 2020 496e . entry. In\n-0000d0c0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 the ...countdow\n-0000d0d0: 6ee2 8099 2063 6173 652c 2069 7420 7769 n... case, it wi\n-0000d0e0: 6c6c 2073 686f 7720 6120 6f6e 652d 6c69 ll show a one-li\n-0000d0f0: 6e65 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 ne indication. \n-0000d100: 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e of the remain\n-0000d110: 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 ing time......GR\n-0000d120: 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f UB_DEFAULT_BUTTO\n-0000d130: 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d N.......GRUB_TIM\n-0000d140: 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 EOUT_BUTTON.....\n-0000d150: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_S\n-0000d160: 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 TYLE_BUTTON.....\n-0000d170: 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d ..GRUB_BUTTON_CM\n-0000d180: 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 990a 2020 OS_ADDRESS.... \n-0000d190: 2020 2056 6172 6961 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 Variants of t\n-0000d1a0: 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 he corresponding\n-0000d1b0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f variables witho\n-0000d1c0: 7574 2074 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f ut the ..._BUTTO\n-0000d1d0: 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6666 6978 N.... suffix\n-0000d1e0: 2c20 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 , used to suppor\n-0000d1f0: 7420 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 t vendor-specifi\n-0000d200: 6320 706f 7765 7220 6275 7474 6f6e 732e c power buttons.\n-0000d210: 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2056 656e *Note. Ven\n-0000d220: 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 dor power-on key\n-0000d230: 733a 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 s::......GRUB_DI\n-0000d240: 5354 5249 4255 544f 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 STRIBUTOR.... \n-0000d250: 2020 5365 7420 6279 2064 6973 7472 6962 Set by distrib\n-0000d260: 7574 6f72 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f utors of GRUB to\n-0000d270: 2074 6865 6972 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 their identifyi\n-0000d280: 6e67 206e 616d 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 ng name. This i\n-0000d290: 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 s. used to g\n-0000d2a0: 656e 6572 6174 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 enerate more inf\n-0000d2b0: 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e ormative menu en\n-0000d2c0: 7472 7920 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 0ae2 8098 try titles......\n-0000d2d0: 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e GRUB_TERMINAL_IN\n-0000d2e0: 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 PUT.... Sele\n-0000d2f0: 6374 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ct the terminal \n-0000d300: 696e 7075 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2059 input device. Y\n-0000d310: 6f75 206d 6179 2073 656c 6563 7420 6d75 ou may select mu\n-0000d320: 6c74 6970 6c65 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 ltiple devices. \n-0000d330: 2020 2020 6865 7265 2c20 7365 7061 7261 here, separa\n-0000d340: 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a ted by spaces...\n-0000d350: 2020 2020 2056 616c 6964 2074 6572 6d69 Valid termi\n-0000d360: 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 nal input names \n-0000d370: 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c depend on the pl\n-0000d380: 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 atform, but may \n-0000d390: 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 include. ...\n-0000d3a0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 console... (nati\n-0000d3b0: 7665 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 ve platform cons\n-0000d3c0: 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 ole), ...serial.\n-0000d3d0: 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 .. (serial termi\n-0000d3e0: 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 nal),. ...se\n-0000d3f0: 7269 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 rial_... (\n-0000d400: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 serial terminal \n-0000d410: 7769 7468 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f with explicit po\n-0000d420: 7274 2073 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 rt selection),. \n-0000d430: 2020 2020 e280 9861 745f 6b65 7962 6f61 ...at_keyboa\n-0000d440: 7264 e280 9920 2850 4320 4154 206b 6579 rd... (PC AT key\n-0000d450: 626f 6172 6429 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 7573 board), or ...us\n-0000d460: 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2855 b_keyboard... (U\n-0000d470: 5342 206b 6579 626f 6172 640a 2020 2020 SB keyboard. \n-0000d480: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2048 4944 2042 using the HID B\n-0000d490: 6f6f 7420 5072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 666f oot Protocol, fo\n-0000d4a0: 7220 6361 7365 7320 7768 6572 6520 7468 r cases where th\n-0000d4b0: 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 6f65 7320 e firmware does \n-0000d4c0: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2068 616e 646c 6520 not. handle \n-0000d4d0: 7468 6973 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 this)... The\n-0000d4e0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 default is to u\n-0000d4f0: 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 se the platform'\n-0000d500: 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 s native termina\n-0000d510: 6c20 696e 7075 742e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 l input......GRU\n-0000d520: 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 B_TERMINAL_OUTPU\n-0000d530: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 T.... Select\n-0000d540: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 the terminal ou\n-0000d550: 7470 7574 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 596f tput device. Yo\n-0000d560: 7520 6d61 7920 7365 6c65 6374 206d 756c u may select mul\n-0000d570: 7469 706c 6520 6465 7669 6365 730a 2020 tiple devices. \n-0000d580: 2020 2068 6572 652c 2073 6570 6172 6174 here, separat\n-0000d590: 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 2e0a 0a20 ed by spaces... \n-0000d5a0: 2020 2020 5661 6c69 6420 7465 726d 696e Valid termin\n-0000d5b0: 616c 206f 7574 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 al output names \n-0000d5c0: 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c depend on the pl\n-0000d5d0: 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 atform, but may \n-0000d5e0: 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 include. ...\n-0000d5f0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 console... (nati\n-0000d600: 7665 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 ve platform cons\n-0000d610: 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 ole), ...serial.\n-0000d620: 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 .. (serial termi\n-0000d630: 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 nal),. ...se\n-0000d640: 7269 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 rial_... (\n-0000d650: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 serial terminal \n-0000d660: 7769 7468 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f with explicit po\n-0000d670: 7274 2073 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 rt selection),. \n-0000d680: 2020 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 ...gfxterm..\n-0000d690: 9920 2867 7261 7068 6963 732d 6d6f 6465 . (graphics-mode\n-0000d6a0: 206f 7574 7075 7429 2c20 e280 9876 6761 output), ...vga\n-0000d6b0: 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2028 5647 4120 7465 _text... (VGA te\n-0000d6c0: 7874 206f 7574 7075 7429 2c0a 2020 2020 xt output),. \n-0000d6d0: 20e2 8098 6d64 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 ...mda_text... \n-0000d6e0: 284d 4441 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 (MDA text output\n-0000d6f0: 292c 20e2 8098 6d6f 7273 65e2 8099 2028 ), ...morse... (\n-0000d700: 4d6f 7273 652d 636f 6469 6e67 2075 7369 Morse-coding usi\n-0000d710: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2062 ng system. b\n-0000d720: 6565 7065 7229 206f 7220 e280 9873 706b eeper) or ...spk\n-0000d730: 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2028 7369 6d70 6c65 modem... (simple\n-0000d740: 2064 6174 6120 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2075 data protocol u\n-0000d750: 7369 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7370 6561 sing system spea\n-0000d760: 6b65 7229 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 ker)... ...s\n-0000d770: 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2069 7320 7573 pkmodem... is us\n-0000d780: 6566 756c 2077 6865 6e20 6e6f 2073 6572 eful when no ser\n-0000d790: 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 ial port is avai\n-0000d7a0: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 436f 6e6e 6563 7420 lable. Connect \n-0000d7b0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 7420 the. output \n-0000d7c0: 6f66 2073 656e 6469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 of sending syste\n-0000d7d0: 6d20 2877 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 6973 m (where GRUB is\n-0000d7e0: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2920 746f 206c 696e running) to lin\n-0000d7f0: 652d 696e 206f 660a 2020 2020 2072 6563 e-in of. rec\n-0000d800: 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2875 eiving system (u\n-0000d810: 7375 616c 6c79 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 sually developer\n-0000d820: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 292e 2020 4f6e 2072 machine). On r\n-0000d830: 6563 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a eceiving system.\n-0000d840: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 20e2 8098 compile ...\n-0000d850: 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 76e2 8099 spkmodem-recv...\n-0000d860: 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9875 7469 6c2f 7370 from ...util/sp\n-0000d870: 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 762e 63e2 8099 kmodem-recv.c...\n-0000d880: 2061 6e64 2072 756e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 and run:.. \n-0000d890: 2020 2020 2070 6172 6563 6f72 6420 2d2d parecord --\n-0000d8a0: 6368 616e 6e65 6c73 3d31 202d 2d72 6174 channels=1 --rat\n-0000d8b0: 653d 3438 3030 3020 2d2d 666f 726d 6174 e=48000 --format\n-0000d8c0: 3d73 3136 6c65 207c 202e 2f73 706b 6d6f =s16le | ./spkmo\n-0000d8d0: 6465 6d2d 7265 6376 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 dem-recv.. T\n-0000d8e0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f he default is to\n-0000d8f0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 use the platfor\n-0000d900: 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 m's native termi\n-0000d910: 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0ae2 8098 nal output......\n-0000d920: 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4ce2 8099 GRUB_TERMINAL...\n-0000d930: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 . If this op\n-0000d940: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 tion is set, it \n-0000d950: 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 626f 7468 20e2 overrides both .\n-0000d960: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f ..GRUB_TERMINAL_\n-0000d970: 494e 5055 54e2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 INPUT... and. \n-0000d980: 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e ...GRUB_TERMIN\n-0000d990: 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 AL_OUTPUT... to \n-0000d9a0: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2076 616c 7565 2e0a the same value..\n-0000d9b0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f53 4552 4941 4c5f ....GRUB_SERIAL_\n-0000d9c0: 434f 4d4d 414e 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 COMMAND.... \n-0000d9d0: 4120 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 746f 2063 6f6e A command to con\n-0000d9e0: 6669 6775 7265 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 figure the seria\n-0000d9f0: 6c20 706f 7274 2077 6865 6e20 7573 696e l port when usin\n-0000da00: 6720 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c 0a20 2020 g the serial. \n-0000da10: 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 console. *Not\n-0000da20: 6520 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2e20 2044 6566 e serial::. Def\n-0000da30: 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 7365 7269 aults to ...seri\n-0000da40: 616c e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f al.........GRUB_\n-0000da50: 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 CMDLINE_LINUX...\n-0000da60: 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 . Command-li\n-0000da70: 6e65 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f20 ne arguments to \n-0000da80: 6164 6420 746f 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 add to menu entr\n-0000da90: 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 ies for the Linu\n-0000daa0: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 x kernel......GR\n-0000dab0: 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_CMDLINE_LINUX\n-0000dac0: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 _DEFAULT.... \n-0000dad0: 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f Unless ...GRUB_\n-0000dae0: 4449 5341 424c 455f 5245 434f 5645 5259 DISABLE_RECOVERY\n-0000daf0: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ... is set to ..\n-0000db00: 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 7477 6f20 6d65 .true..., two me\n-0000db10: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 2020 nu entries. \n-0000db20: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 will be generate\n-0000db30: 6420 666f 7220 6561 6368 204c 696e 7578 d for each Linux\n-0000db40: 206b 6572 6e65 6c3a 206f 6e65 2064 6566 kernel: one def\n-0000db50: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2061 6e64 206f ault entry and o\n-0000db60: 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 7920 666f ne. entry fo\n-0000db70: 7220 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 6f64 652e r recovery mode.\n-0000db80: 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6c69 This option li\n-0000db90: 7374 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 sts command-line\n-0000dba0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 arguments. \n-0000dbb0: 746f 2061 6464 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2074 to add only to t\n-0000dbc0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 he default menu \n-0000dbd0: 656e 7472 792c 2061 6674 6572 2074 686f entry, after tho\n-0000dbe0: 7365 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e 0a20 2020 se listed in. \n-0000dbf0: 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e ...GRUB_CMDLIN\n-0000dc00: 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 E_LINUX.........\n-0000dc10: 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e GRUB_CMDLINE_LIN\n-0000dc20: 5558 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 59e2 8099 0a20 UX_RECOVERY.... \n-0000dc30: 2020 2020 556e 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 4752 Unless ...GR\n-0000dc40: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f52 4543 4f56 UB_DISABLE_RECOV\n-0000dc50: 4552 59e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f ERY... is set to\n-0000dc60: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2074 776f ...true..., two\n-0000dc70: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 menu entries. \n-0000dc80: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 will be gener\n-0000dc90: 6174 6564 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 4c69 ated for each Li\n-0000dca0: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 3a20 6f6e 6520 nux kernel: one \n-0000dcb0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 616e default entry an\n-0000dcc0: 6420 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 d one. entry\n-0000dcd0: 2066 6f72 2072 6563 6f76 6572 7920 6d6f for recovery mo\n-0000dce0: 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e de. This option\n-0000dcf0: 206c 6973 7473 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c lists command-l\n-0000dd00: 696e 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 ine arguments. \n-0000dd10: 2020 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6f6e 6c79 2074 to add only t\n-0000dd20: 6f20 7468 6520 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d o the recovery m\n-0000dd30: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2062 6566 6f72 enu entry, befor\n-0000dd40: 6520 7468 6f73 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2069 e those listed i\n-0000dd50: 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 n. ...GRUB_C\n-0000dd60: 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 992e MDLINE_LINUX....\n-0000dd70: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The default is\n-0000dd80: 20e2 8098 7369 6e67 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a ...single......\n-0000dd90: e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f ...GRUB_CMDLINE_\n-0000dda0: 4e45 5442 5344 e280 990a e280 9847 5255 NETBSD.......GRU\n-0000ddb0: 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4e45 5442 5344 B_CMDLINE_NETBSD\n-0000ddc0: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 _DEFAULT.... \n-0000ddd0: 2041 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c As ...GRUB_CMDL\n-0000dde0: 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2061 6e64 INE_LINUX... and\n-0000ddf0: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 ...GRUB_CMDLINE\n-0000de00: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 _LINUX_DEFAULT..\n-0000de10: 992c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 ., but for. \n-0000de20: 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 NetBSD......GRUB\n-0000de30: 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f47 4e55 4d41 4348 _CMDLINE_GNUMACH\n-0000de40: e280 990a 2020 2020 2041 7320 e280 9847 .... As ...G\n-0000de50: 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_CMDLINE_LINU\n-0000de60: 58e2 8099 2c20 6275 7420 666f 7220 474e X..., but for GN\n-0000de70: 5520 4d61 6368 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 U Mach......GRUB\n-0000de80: 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f58 454e e280 990a _CMDLINE_XEN....\n-0000de90: e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f ...GRUB_CMDLINE_\n-0000dea0: 5845 4e5f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 XEN_DEFAULT.... \n-0000deb0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6573 206f The values o\n-0000dec0: 6620 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 f these options \n-0000ded0: 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 5865 are passed to Xe\n-0000dee0: 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2058 656e n hypervisor Xen\n-0000def0: 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 menu. entri\n-0000df00: 6573 2c20 666f 7220 616c 6c20 7265 7370 es, for all resp\n-0000df10: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 ectively normal \n-0000df20: 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 entries......GRU\n-0000df30: 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 585f B_CMDLINE_LINUX_\n-0000df40: 5845 4e5f 5245 504c 4143 45e2 8099 0ae2 XEN_REPLACE.....\n-0000df50: 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c ..GRUB_CMDLINE_L\n-0000df60: 494e 5558 5f58 454e 5f52 4550 4c41 4345 INUX_XEN_REPLACE\n-0000df70: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 _DEFAULT.... \n-0000df80: 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 2074 The values of t\n-0000df90: 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2072 6570 hese options rep\n-0000dfa0: 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 7320 lace the values \n-0000dfb0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f of. ...GRUB_\n-0000dfc0: 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 CMDLINE_LINUX...\n-0000dfd0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 and ...GRUB_CMD\n-0000dfe0: 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 LINE_LINUX_DEFAU\n-0000dff0: 4c54 e280 9920 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 LT... for Linux \n-0000e000: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2058 656e 206d 656e and. Xen men\n-0000e010: 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 u entries......G\n-0000e020: 5255 425f 544f 505f 4c45 5645 4ce2 8099 RUB_TOP_LEVEL...\n-0000e030: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 ....GRUB_TOP_LEV\n-0000e040: 454c 5f58 454e e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 EL_XEN.... T\n-0000e050: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c his option shoul\n-0000e060: 6420 6265 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 d be an absolute\n-0000e070: 2070 6174 6820 746f 2061 206b 6572 6e65 path to a kerne\n-0000e080: 6c20 696d 6167 652e 2020 4966 0a20 2020 l image. If. \n-0000e090: 2020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2c20 7468 6520 provided, the \n-0000e0a0: 696d 6167 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 image specified \n-0000e0b0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 6465 2074 6865 will be made the\n-0000e0c0: 2074 6f70 2d6c 6576 656c 2065 6e74 7279 top-level entry\n-0000e0d0: 2069 660a 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 2066 if. it is f\n-0000e0e0: 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7363 616e ound in the scan\n-0000e0f0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c ......GRUB_TOP_L\n-0000e100: 4556 454c 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 e280 EVEL_OS_PROBER..\n-0000e110: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 .. This opti\n-0000e120: 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 206c on should be a l\n-0000e130: 696e 6520 6f66 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 ine of output fr\n-0000e140: 6f6d 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 om ...os-prober.\n-0000e150: 8099 2e20 2041 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ... As. ...\n-0000e160: 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 454c e280 GRUB_TOP_LEVEL..\n-0000e170: 992c 2069 6620 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2c20 ., if provided, \n-0000e180: 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 7370 6563 6966 the image specif\n-0000e190: 6965 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 6465 ied will be made\n-0000e1a0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 746f 702d 6c65 the. top-le\n-0000e1b0: 7665 6c20 656e 7472 7920 6966 2069 7420 vel entry if it \n-0000e1c0: 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 is found in the \n-0000e1d0: 7363 616e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f45 scan......GRUB_E\n-0000e1e0: 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 ARLY_INITRD_LINU\n-0000e1f0: 585f 4355 5354 4f4d e280 990a e280 9847 X_CUSTOM.......G\n-0000e200: 5255 425f 4541 524c 595f 494e 4954 5244 RUB_EARLY_INITRD\n-0000e210: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f53 544f 434b e280 990a _LINUX_STOCK....\n-0000e220: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7061 List of spa\n-0000e230: 6365 2d73 6570 6172 6174 6564 2065 6172 ce-separated ear\n-0000e240: 6c79 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 6573 ly initrd images\n-0000e250: 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6672 to be loaded fr\n-0000e260: 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 626f 6f74 om. .../boot\n-0000e270: e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 666f .... This is fo\n-0000e280: 7220 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 696e 6773 r loading things\n-0000e290: 206c 696b 6520 4350 5520 6d69 6372 6f63 like CPU microc\n-0000e2a0: 6f64 652c 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c 0a20 ode, firmware,. \n-0000e2b0: 2020 2020 4143 5049 2074 6162 6c65 732c ACPI tables,\n-0000e2c0: 2063 7279 7074 6f20 6b65 7973 2c20 616e crypto keys, an\n-0000e2d0: 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 5468 6573 6520 d so on. These \n-0000e2e0: 6561 726c 7920 696d 6167 6573 2077 696c early images wil\n-0000e2f0: 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 6564 l be. loaded\n-0000e300: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6465 in the order de\n-0000e310: 636c 6172 6564 2c20 616e 6420 616c 6c20 clared, and all \n-0000e320: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 will be loaded b\n-0000e330: 6566 6f72 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2061 efore the. a\n-0000e340: 6374 7561 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c ctual functional\n-0000e350: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 652e 0a0a initrd image...\n-0000e360: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f45 4152 ...GRUB_EAR\n-0000e370: 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f LY_INITRD_LINUX_\n-0000e380: 5354 4f43 4be2 8099 2069 7320 666f 7220 STOCK... is for \n-0000e390: 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f your distributio\n-0000e3a0: 6e20 746f 2064 6563 6c61 7265 0a20 2020 n to declare. \n-0000e3b0: 2020 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 6172 images that ar\n-0000e3c0: 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 e provided by th\n-0000e3d0: 6520 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2e20 e distribution. \n-0000e3e0: 2049 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2062 It should not b\n-0000e3f0: 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 e. modified \n-0000e400: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 756e 6465 7273 7461 without understa\n-0000e410: 6e64 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6e73 6571 nding the conseq\n-0000e420: 7565 6e63 6573 2e20 2054 6865 7920 7769 uences. They wi\n-0000e430: 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6465 ll be. loade\n-0000e440: 6420 6669 7273 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 d first... .\n-0000e450: 8098 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 ..GRUB_EARLY_INI\n-0000e460: 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 4355 5354 4f4d TRD_LINUX_CUSTOM\n-0000e470: e280 9920 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 ... is for your \n-0000e480: 6375 7374 6f6d 2063 7265 6174 6564 2069 custom created i\n-0000e490: 6d61 6765 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 mages... The\n-0000e4a0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 746f 636b 2069 default stock i\n-0000e4b0: 6d61 6765 7320 6172 6520 6173 2066 6f6c mages are as fol\n-0000e4c0: 6c6f 7773 2c20 7468 6f75 6768 2074 6865 lows, though the\n-0000e4d0: 7920 6d61 7920 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 y may be. ov\n-0000e4e0: 6572 7269 6464 656e 2062 7920 796f 7572 erridden by your\n-0000e4f0: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e3a 0a20 distribution:. \n-0000e500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e74 656c 2d75 intel-u\n-0000e510: 632e 696d 6720 696e 7465 6c2d 7563 6f64 c.img intel-ucod\n-0000e520: 652e 696d 6720 616d 642d 7563 2e69 6d67 e.img amd-uc.img\n-0000e530: 2061 6d64 2d75 636f 6465 2e69 6d67 2065 amd-ucode.img e\n-0000e540: 6172 6c79 5f75 636f 6465 2e63 7069 6f20 arly_ucode.cpio \n-0000e550: 6d69 6372 6f63 6f64 652e 6370 696f 0a0a microcode.cpio..\n-0000e560: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f ...GRUB_DISABLE_\n-0000e570: 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 e280 990a 2020 LINUX_UUID.... \n-0000e580: 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 20e2 8098 Normally, ...\n-0000e590: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n-0000e5a0: 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d will generate m\n-0000e5b0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 7468 6174 enu entries that\n-0000e5c0: 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 6572 use. univer\n-0000e5d0: 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 6465 sally-unique ide\n-0000e5e0: 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2028 5555 4944 7329 ntifiers (UUIDs)\n-0000e5f0: 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 to identify the\n-0000e600: 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 root. files\n-0000e610: 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2074 6865 204c 696e ystem to the Lin\n-0000e620: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2075 7369 6e67 ux kernel, using\n-0000e630: 2061 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d55 5549 443d a ...root=UUID=\n-0000e640: 2e2e 2ee2 8099 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 ...... kernel. \n-0000e650: 2020 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2e20 2054 parameter. T\n-0000e660: 6869 7320 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206d his is usually m\n-0000e670: 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2c20 6275 ore reliable, bu\n-0000e680: 7420 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 7320 t in some cases \n-0000e690: 6974 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 it may. not \n-0000e6a0: 6265 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2e20 be appropriate. \n-0000e6b0: 2054 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 To disable the \n-0000e6c0: 7573 6520 6f66 2055 5549 4473 2c20 7365 use of UUIDs, se\n-0000e6d0: 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 t this option. \n-0000e6e0: 2020 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 to ...true...\n-0000e6f0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 ......GRUB_DISAB\n-0000e700: 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 LE_LINUX_PARTUUI\n-0000e710: 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 20e2 8098 D.... If ...\n-0000e720: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n-0000e730: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6964 656e 7469 6679 cannot identify\n-0000e740: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 the root filesy\n-0000e750: 7374 656d 2076 6961 2069 7473 0a20 2020 stem via its. \n-0000e760: 2020 756e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e universally-un\n-0000e770: 6971 7565 2069 6e64 656e 7469 6669 6572 ique indentifier\n-0000e780: 2028 5555 4944 292c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 (UUID), ...grub\n-0000e790: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 616e -mkconfig... can\n-0000e7a0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5555 use the. UU\n-0000e7b0: 4944 206f 6620 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 ID of the partit\n-0000e7c0: 696f 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 ion containing t\n-0000e7d0: 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 746f he filesystem to\n-0000e7e0: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7920 7468 650a 2020 identify the. \n-0000e7f0: 2020 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 root filesyst\n-0000e800: 656d 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 em to the Linux \n-0000e810: 6b65 726e 656c 2076 6961 2061 20e2 8098 kernel via a ...\n-0000e820: 726f 6f74 3d50 4152 5455 5549 443d 2e2e root=PARTUUID=..\n-0000e830: 2ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c ..... kernel\n-0000e840: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2e20 2054 6869 parameter. Thi\n-0000e850: 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2061 7320 7265 6c69 s is not as reli\n-0000e860: 6162 6c65 2061 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 able as using th\n-0000e870: 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 e filesystem. \n-0000e880: 2020 5555 4944 2c20 6275 7420 6973 206d UUID, but is m\n-0000e890: 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2074 6861 ore reliable tha\n-0000e8a0: 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 n using the Linu\n-0000e8b0: 7820 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 2e20 x device names. \n-0000e8c0: 2057 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 When. ...GR\n-0000e8d0: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_DISABLE_LINUX\n-0000e8e0: 5f50 4152 5455 5549 44e2 8099 2069 7320 _PARTUUID... is \n-0000e8f0: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 set to ...false.\n-0000e900: 8099 2c20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 .., the Linux ke\n-0000e910: 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f rnel. versio\n-0000e920: 6e20 6d75 7374 2062 6520 322e 362e 3337 n must be 2.6.37\n-0000e930: 2028 332e 3130 2066 6f72 2073 7973 7465 (3.10 for syste\n-0000e940: 6d73 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 204d 5344 ms using the MSD\n-0000e950: 4f53 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 OS partition. \n-0000e960: 2020 7363 6865 6d65 2920 6f72 206e 6577 scheme) or new\n-0000e970: 6572 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e er. This option\n-0000e980: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 defaults to ...\n-0000e990: 7472 7565 e280 992e 2020 546f 2065 6e61 true.... To ena\n-0000e9a0: 626c 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2075 7365 ble the. use\n-0000e9b0: 206f 6620 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 5555 of partition UU\n-0000e9c0: 4944 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 IDs, set this op\n-0000e9d0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9866 616c 7365 tion to ...false\n-0000e9e0: e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 .........GRUB_DI\n-0000e9f0: 5341 424c 455f 5245 434f 5645 5259 e280 SABLE_RECOVERY..\n-0000ea00: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f .. If this o\n-0000ea10: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 ption is set to \n-0000ea20: e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 6469 7361 ...true..., disa\n-0000ea30: 626c 6520 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7469 ble the generati\n-0000ea40: 6f6e 206f 6620 7265 636f 7665 7279 0a20 on of recovery. \n-0000ea50: 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 206d 656e 7520 656e mode menu en\n-0000ea60: 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f tries......GRUB_\n-0000ea70: 4449 5341 424c 455f 5555 4944 e280 990a DISABLE_UUID....\n-0000ea80: 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 20e2 Normally, .\n-0000ea90: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n-0000eaa0: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 .. will generate\n-0000eab0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 7468 menu entries th\n-0000eac0: 6174 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 at use. univ\n-0000ead0: 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 ersally-unique i\n-0000eae0: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2028 5555 4944 dentifiers (UUID\n-0000eaf0: 7329 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2076 s) to identify v\n-0000eb00: 6172 696f 7573 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 arious. file\n-0000eb10: 7379 7374 656d 7320 746f 2073 6561 7263 systems to searc\n-0000eb20: 6820 666f 7220 6669 6c65 732e 2020 5468 h for files. Th\n-0000eb30: 6973 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6d6f is is usually mo\n-0000eb40: 7265 2072 656c 6961 626c 652c 0a20 2020 re reliable,. \n-0000eb50: 2020 6275 7420 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 but in some ca\n-0000eb60: 7365 7320 6974 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 ses it may not b\n-0000eb70: 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 652e 2020 e appropriate. \n-0000eb80: 546f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2074 6869 7320 To disable this \n-0000eb90: 7573 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 5555 4944 use. of UUID\n-0000eba0: 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 s, set this opti\n-0000ebb0: 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 on to ...true...\n-0000ebc0: 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 . Setting this \n-0000ebd0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 option to. .\n-0000ebe0: 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2077 696c 6c20 ..true..., will \n-0000ebf0: 616c 736f 2073 6574 2074 6865 206f 7074 also set the opt\n-0000ec00: 696f 6e73 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 ions ...GRUB_DIS\n-0000ec10: 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 5549 44e2 ABLE_LINUX_UUID.\n-0000ec20: 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 .. and. ...G\n-0000ec30: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_DISABLE_LINU\n-0000ec40: 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 e280 9920 746f X_PARTUUID... to\n-0000ec50: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2075 6e6c ...true..., unl\n-0000ec60: 6573 7320 7468 6579 2068 6176 6520 6265 ess they have be\n-0000ec70: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c 6963 696c en. explicil\n-0000ec80: 7479 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9866 616c ty set to ...fal\n-0000ec90: 7365 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f se.........GRUB_\n-0000eca0: 5649 4445 4f5f 4241 434b 454e 44e2 8099 VIDEO_BACKEND...\n-0000ecb0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 7261 7068 6963 . If graphic\n-0000ecc0: 616c 2076 6964 656f 2073 7570 706f 7274 al video support\n-0000ecd0: 2069 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 6569 is required, ei\n-0000ece0: 7468 6572 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 ther because the\n-0000ecf0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d . ...gfxterm\n-0000ed00: e280 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 ... graphical te\n-0000ed10: 726d 696e 616c 2069 7320 696e 2075 7365 rminal is in use\n-0000ed20: 206f 7220 6265 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 or because. \n-0000ed30: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 5041 594c ...GRUB_GFXPAYL\n-0000ed40: 4f41 445f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2069 7320 OAD_LINUX... is \n-0000ed50: 7365 742c 2074 6865 6e20 e280 9867 7275 set, then ...gru\n-0000ed60: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 b-mkconfig... wi\n-0000ed70: 6c6c 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 ll normally. \n-0000ed80: 206c 6f61 6420 616c 6c20 6176 6169 6c61 load all availa\n-0000ed90: 626c 6520 4752 5542 2076 6964 656f 2064 ble GRUB video d\n-0000eda0: 7269 7665 7273 2061 6e64 2075 7365 2074 rivers and use t\n-0000edb0: 6865 206f 6e65 206d 6f73 740a 2020 2020 he one most. \n-0000edc0: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2066 6f72 appropriate for\n-0000edd0: 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 2e20 your hardware. \n-0000ede0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 If you need to \n-0000edf0: 6f76 6572 7269 6465 2074 6869 7320 666f override this fo\n-0000ee00: 720a 2020 2020 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 6173 r. some reas\n-0000ee10: 6f6e 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e on, then you can\n-0000ee20: 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e set this option\n-0000ee30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4166 7465 7220 e280 ... After ..\n-0000ee40: 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 .grub-install...\n-0000ee50: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6e2c 2074 has been run, t\n-0000ee60: 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 he available vid\n-0000ee70: 656f 2064 7269 7665 7273 2061 7265 0a20 eo drivers are. \n-0000ee80: 2020 2020 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 e280 listed in ..\n-0000ee90: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 7669 6465 ./boot/grub/vide\n-0000eea0: 6f2e 6c73 74e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 o.lst.........GR\n-0000eeb0: 5542 5f47 4658 4d4f 4445 e280 990a 2020 UB_GFXMODE.... \n-0000eec0: 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 2072 6573 6f6c Set the resol\n-0000eed0: 7574 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 7468 ution used on th\n-0000eee0: 6520 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 e ...gfxterm... \n-0000eef0: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e graphical termin\n-0000ef00: 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 al. Note. t\n-0000ef10: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 hat you can only\n-0000ef20: 2075 7365 206d 6f64 6573 2077 6869 6368 use modes which\n-0000ef30: 2079 6f75 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 2063 your graphics c\n-0000ef40: 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2076 6961 ard supports via\n-0000ef50: 0a20 2020 2020 5645 5341 2042 494f 5320 . VESA BIOS \n-0000ef60: 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2028 5642 4529 Extensions (VBE)\n-0000ef70: 2c20 736f 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 , so for example\n-0000ef80: 206e 6174 6976 6520 4c43 4420 7061 6e65 native LCD pane\n-0000ef90: 6c0a 2020 2020 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f l. resolutio\n-0000efa0: 6e73 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 ns may not be av\n-0000efb0: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 6465 ailable. The de\n-0000efc0: 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 6175 746f fault is ...auto\n-0000efd0: e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 ..., which. \n-0000efe0: 7472 6965 7320 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 tries to select \n-0000eff0: 6120 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 7265 736f a preferred reso\n-0000f000: 6c75 7469 6f6e 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2067 lution. *Note g\n-0000f010: 6678 6d6f 6465 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 fxmode::......GR\n-0000f020: 5542 5f42 4143 4b47 524f 554e 44e2 8099 UB_BACKGROUND...\n-0000f030: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6120 6261 636b . Set a back\n-0000f040: 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 ground image for\n-0000f050: 2075 7365 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 use with the ..\n-0000f060: 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 6772 6170 .gfxterm... grap\n-0000f070: 6869 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 hical. termi\n-0000f080: 6e61 6c2e 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 nal. The value \n-0000f090: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d of this option m\n-0000f0a0: 7573 7420 6265 2061 2066 696c 6520 7265 ust be a file re\n-0000f0b0: 6164 6162 6c65 2062 7920 4752 5542 0a20 adable by GRUB. \n-0000f0c0: 2020 2020 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 at boot time\n-0000f0d0: 2c20 616e 6420 6974 206d 7573 7420 656e , and it must en\n-0000f0e0: 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2e70 6e67 e280 d with ....png..\n-0000f0f0: 992c 20e2 8098 2e74 6761 e280 992c 20e2 ., ....tga..., .\n-0000f100: 8098 2e6a 7067 e280 992c 206f 720a 2020 ...jpg..., or. \n-0000f110: 2020 20e2 8098 2e6a 7065 67e2 8099 2e20 ....jpeg.... \n-0000f120: 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2077 696c 6c20 The image will \n-0000f130: 6265 2073 6361 6c65 6420 6966 206e 6563 be scaled if nec\n-0000f140: 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f20 6669 7420 7468 essary to fit th\n-0000f150: 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 e screen.. I\n-0000f160: 6d61 6765 2068 6569 6768 7420 616e 6420 mage height and \n-0000f170: 7769 6474 6820 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 width will be re\n-0000f180: 7374 7269 6374 6564 2062 7920 616e 2061 stricted by an a\n-0000f190: 7274 6966 6963 6961 6c20 6c69 6d69 7420 rtificial limit \n-0000f1a0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 3136 3338 342e 0a0a of. 16384...\n-0000f1b0: e280 9847 5255 425f 5448 454d 45e2 8099 ...GRUB_THEME...\n-0000f1c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6120 7468 656d . Set a them\n-0000f1d0: 6520 666f 7220 7573 6520 7769 7468 2074 e for use with t\n-0000f1e0: 6865 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 he ...gfxterm...\n-0000f1f0: 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 graphical termi\n-0000f200: 6e61 6c2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4746 nal......GRUB_GF\n-0000f210: 5850 4159 4c4f 4144 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 XPAYLOAD_LINUX..\n-0000f220: 990a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 e280 .. Set to ..\n-0000f230: 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2074 6f20 666f 7263 .text... to forc\n-0000f240: 6520 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e e the Linux kern\n-0000f250: 656c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f el to boot in no\n-0000f260: 726d 616c 2074 6578 740a 2020 2020 206d rmal text. m\n-0000f270: 6f64 652c 20e2 8098 6b65 6570 e280 9920 ode, ...keep... \n-0000f280: 746f 2070 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 to preserve the \n-0000f290: 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 6520 7365 graphics mode se\n-0000f2a0: 7420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 t using. ...\n-0000f2b0: 4752 5542 5f47 4658 4d4f 4445 e280 992c GRUB_GFXMODE...,\n-0000f2c0: 20e2 8098 5749 4454 4878 4845 4947 4854 ...WIDTHxHEIGHT\n-0000f2d0: e280 995b e280 9878 4445 5054 48e2 8099 ...[...xDEPTH...\n-0000f2e0: 5d20 746f 2073 6574 2061 2070 6172 7469 ] to set a parti\n-0000f2f0: 6375 6c61 720a 2020 2020 2067 7261 7068 cular. graph\n-0000f300: 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 2c20 6f72 2061 2073 ics mode, or a s\n-0000f310: 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 7365 equence of these\n-0000f320: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 636f separated by co\n-0000f330: 6d6d 6173 206f 720a 2020 2020 2073 656d mmas or. sem\n-0000f340: 6963 6f6c 6f6e 7320 746f 2074 7279 2073 icolons to try s\n-0000f350: 6576 6572 616c 206d 6f64 6573 2069 6e20 everal modes in \n-0000f360: 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 sequence. *Note\n-0000f370: 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643a 3a2e 0a0a gfxpayload::...\n-0000f380: 2020 2020 2044 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f Depending o\n-0000f390: 6e20 796f 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 n your kernel, y\n-0000f3a0: 6f75 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e our distribution\n-0000f3b0: 2c20 796f 7572 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 , your graphics \n-0000f3c0: 6361 7264 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 card,. and t\n-0000f3d0: 6865 2070 6861 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 he phase of the \n-0000f3e0: 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 moon, note that \n-0000f3f0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f using this optio\n-0000f400: 6e20 6d61 7920 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 n may cause. \n-0000f410: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 7375 GNU/Linux to su\n-0000f420: 6666 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 ffer from variou\n-0000f430: 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 s display proble\n-0000f440: 6d73 2c20 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 ms, particularly\n-0000f450: 0a20 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6865 . during the\n-0000f460: 2065 6172 6c79 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 early part of t\n-0000f470: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 he boot sequence\n-0000f480: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2070 . If you have p\n-0000f490: 726f 626c 656d 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7365 roblems,. se\n-0000f4a0: 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f t this option to\n-0000f4b0: 20e2 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 616e 6420 ...text... and \n-0000f4c0: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c GRUB will tell L\n-0000f4d0: 696e 7578 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e0a inux to boot in.\n-0000f4e0: 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 normal text\n-0000f4f0: 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f mode......GRUB_\n-0000f500: 4449 5341 424c 455f 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 DISABLE_OS_PROBE\n-0000f510: 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 R.... The ..\n-0000f520: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n-0000f530: 9920 6861 7320 6120 6665 6174 7572 6520 . has a feature \n-0000f540: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2065 7874 6572 to use the exter\n-0000f550: 6e61 6c20 e280 986f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 nal ...os-prober\n-0000f560: e280 990a 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 616d .... program\n-0000f570: 2074 6f20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 206f 7468 to discover oth\n-0000f580: 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 er operating sys\n-0000f590: 7465 6d73 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206f tems installed o\n-0000f5a0: 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 n the same. \n-0000f5b0: 6d61 6368 696e 6520 616e 6420 6765 6e65 machine and gene\n-0000f5c0: 7261 7465 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 rate appropriate\n-0000f5d0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f menu entries fo\n-0000f5e0: 7220 7468 656d 2e20 2049 7420 6973 0a20 r them. It is. \n-0000f5f0: 2020 2020 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 disabled by \n-0000f600: 6465 6661 756c 7420 7369 6e63 6520 6175 default since au\n-0000f610: 746f 6d61 7469 6320 616e 6420 7369 6c65 tomatic and sile\n-0000f620: 6e74 2065 7865 6375 7469 6f6e 206f 660a nt execution of.\n-0000f630: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 ...os-probe\n-0000f640: 72e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 6372 6561 7469 r..., and creati\n-0000f650: 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 6965 7320 ng boot entries \n-0000f660: 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 6461 based on that da\n-0000f670: 7461 2c20 6973 2061 0a20 2020 2020 706f ta, is a. po\n-0000f680: 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 6174 7461 636b 2076 tential attack v\n-0000f690: 6563 746f 722e 2020 5365 7420 7468 6973 ector. Set this\n-0000f6a0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6661 option to ...fa\n-0000f6b0: 6c73 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 lse... to enable\n-0000f6c0: 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 2066 6561 7475 this. featu\n-0000f6d0: 7265 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 re in the ...gru\n-0000f6e0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 636f b-mkconfig... co\n-0000f6f0: 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f mmand......GRUB_\n-0000f700: 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 525f 534b 4950 5f4c OS_PROBER_SKIP_L\n-0000f710: 4953 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 IST.... List\n-0000f720: 206f 6620 7370 6163 652d 7365 7061 7261 of space-separa\n-0000f730: 7465 6420 4653 2055 5549 4473 206f 6620 ted FS UUIDs of \n-0000f740: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 746f 2062 filesystems to b\n-0000f750: 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 e ignored from. \n-0000f760: 2020 2020 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 6f75 os-prober ou\n-0000f770: 7470 7574 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 6669 2063 tput. For efi c\n-0000f780: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6974 2773 hainloaders it's\n-0000f790: 203c 5555 4944 3e40 3c45 4649 2046 494c @.....GRUB_DISA\n-0000f7b0: 424c 455f 5355 424d 454e 55e2 8099 0a20 BLE_SUBMENU.... \n-0000f7c0: 2020 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 e280 Normally, ..\n-0000f7d0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n-0000f7e0: 9920 7769 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 . will generate \n-0000f7f0: 746f 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 6d65 6e75 2065 top level menu e\n-0000f800: 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 ntry for. th\n-0000f810: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6974 6820 6869 e kernel with hi\n-0000f820: 6768 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 ghest version nu\n-0000f830: 6d62 6572 2061 6e64 2070 7574 2061 6c6c mber and put all\n-0000f840: 206f 7468 6572 2066 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 other found. \n-0000f850: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6f72 2061 6c74 kernels or alt\n-0000f860: 6572 6e61 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e ernative menu en\n-0000f870: 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7265 636f 7665 tries for recove\n-0000f880: 7279 206d 6f64 6520 696e 2073 7562 6d65 ry mode in subme\n-0000f890: 6e75 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 6e74 nu.. For ent\n-0000f8a0: 7269 6573 2072 6574 7572 6e65 6420 6279 ries returned by\n-0000f8b0: 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 ...os-prober...\n-0000f8c0: 2066 6972 7374 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c first entry wil\n-0000f8d0: 6c20 6265 2070 7574 206f 6e20 746f 700a l be put on top.\n-0000f8e0: 2020 2020 206c 6576 656c 2061 6e64 2061 level and a\n-0000f8f0: 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 7320 696e 2073 7562 ll others in sub\n-0000f900: 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f menu. If this o\n-0000f910: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 ption is set to \n-0000f920: e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 ...true...,. \n-0000f930: 2066 6c61 7420 6d65 6e75 2077 6974 6820 flat menu with \n-0000f940: 616c 6c20 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 all entries on t\n-0000f950: 6f70 206c 6576 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 op level will be\n-0000f960: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7465 generated inste\n-0000f970: 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6861 6e67 696e ad.. Changin\n-0000f980: 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 g this option wi\n-0000f990: 6c6c 2072 6571 7569 7265 2063 6861 6e67 ll require chang\n-0000f9a0: 696e 6720 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2076 616c ing existing val\n-0000f9b0: 7565 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 ues of. ...G\n-0000f9c0: 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 2c20 RUB_DEFAULT..., \n-0000f9d0: e280 9866 616c 6c62 6163 6be2 8099 2028 ...fallback... (\n-0000f9e0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 3a3a *note fallback::\n-0000f9f0: 2920 616e 6420 e280 9864 6566 6175 6c74 ) and ...default\n-0000fa00: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ... (*note. \n-0000fa10: 6465 6661 756c 743a 3a29 2065 6e76 6972 default::) envir\n-0000fa20: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-0000fa30: 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7361 7665 as well as save\n-0000fa40: 6420 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 790a d default entry.\n-0000fa50: 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 using ...gr\n-0000fa60: 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 ub-set-default..\n-0000fa70: 9920 616e 6420 7661 6c75 6520 7573 6564 . and value used\n-0000fa80: 2077 6974 6820 e280 9867 7275 622d 7265 with ...grub-re\n-0000fa90: 626f 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 boot.........GRU\n-0000faa0: 425f 454e 4142 4c45 5f43 5259 5054 4f44 B_ENABLE_CRYPTOD\n-0000fab0: 4953 4be2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2073 ISK.... If s\n-0000fac0: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e280 992c 20e2 et to ...y..., .\n-0000fad0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n-0000fae0: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 .. and ...grub-i\n-0000faf0: 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2063 nstall... will c\n-0000fb00: 6865 636b 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 656e heck for. en\n-0000fb10: 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b 7320 616e crypted disks an\n-0000fb20: 6420 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 6464 6974 d generate addit\n-0000fb30: 696f 6e61 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206e ional commands n\n-0000fb40: 6565 6465 6420 746f 2061 6363 6573 730a eeded to access.\n-0000fb50: 2020 2020 2074 6865 6d20 6475 7269 6e67 them during\n-0000fb60: 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 boot. Note tha\n-0000fb70: 7420 696e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2075 t in this case u\n-0000fb80: 6e61 7474 656e 6465 6420 626f 6f74 2069 nattended boot i\n-0000fb90: 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 7369 s not. possi\n-0000fba0: 626c 6520 6265 6361 7573 6520 4752 5542 ble because GRUB\n-0000fbb0: 2077 696c 6c20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2070 will wait for p\n-0000fbc0: 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 746f 2075 6e6c assphrase to unl\n-0000fbd0: 6f63 6b20 656e 6372 7970 7465 640a 2020 ock encrypted. \n-0000fbe0: 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2e0a 0ae2 container....\n-0000fbf0: 8098 4752 5542 5f49 4e49 545f 5455 4e45 ..GRUB_INIT_TUNE\n-0000fc00: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 6c61 7920 6120 .... Play a \n-0000fc10: 7475 6e65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6561 tune on the spea\n-0000fc20: 6b65 7220 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 7374 ker when GRUB st\n-0000fc30: 6172 7473 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2070 arts. This is p\n-0000fc40: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c 790a 2020 2020 articularly. \n-0000fc50: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 7573 6572 useful for user\n-0000fc60: 7320 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7365 6520 s unable to see \n-0000fc70: 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2054 6865 the screen. The\n-0000fc80: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6973 0a20 value of this. \n-0000fc90: 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7061 option is pa\n-0000fca0: 7373 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f ssed directly to\n-0000fcb0: 202a 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 793a 3a2e 0a0a *note play::...\n-0000fcc0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4241 4452 414d e280 ...GRUB_BADRAM..\n-0000fcd0: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f .. If this o\n-0000fce0: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2c20 4752 ption is set, GR\n-0000fcf0: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6973 7375 6520 6120 UB will issue a \n-0000fd00: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6261 6472 616d 3a3a 2063 *note badram:: c\n-0000fd10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2066 ommand to. f\n-0000fd20: 696c 7465 7220 6f75 7420 7370 6563 6966 ilter out specif\n-0000fd30: 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 2052 ied regions of R\n-0000fd40: 414d 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f50 5245 AM......GRUB_PRE\n-0000fd50: 4c4f 4144 5f4d 4f44 554c 4553 e280 990a LOAD_MODULES....\n-0000fd60: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e This option\n-0000fd70: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 may be set to a\n-0000fd80: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2047 5255 4220 6d6f list of GRUB mo\n-0000fd90: 6475 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2073 6570 6172 dule names separ\n-0000fda0: 6174 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2073 7061 ated by. spa\n-0000fdb0: 6365 732e 2020 4561 6368 206d 6f64 756c ces. Each modul\n-0000fdc0: 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 e will be loaded\n-0000fdd0: 2061 7320 6561 726c 7920 6173 2070 6f73 as early as pos\n-0000fde0: 7369 626c 652c 2061 7420 7468 650a 2020 sible, at the. \n-0000fdf0: 2020 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 e280 9867 start of ...g\n-0000fe00: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 rub.cfg.........\n-0000fe10: 4752 5542 5f52 4543 4f52 4446 4149 4c5f GRUB_RECORDFAIL_\n-0000fe20: 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 TIMEOUT.... \n-0000fe30: 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 If this option i\n-0000fe40: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 s set, it overri\n-0000fe50: 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 des the default \n-0000fe60: 7265 636f 7264 6661 696c 2073 6574 7469 recordfail setti\n-0000fe70: 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 2073 6574 7469 ng.. A setti\n-0000fe80: 6e67 206f 6620 2d31 2063 6175 7365 7320 ng of -1 causes \n-0000fe90: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 GRUB to wait for\n-0000fea0: 2075 7365 7220 696e 7075 7420 696e 6465 user input inde\n-0000feb0: 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2048 finitely.. H\n-0000fec0: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6120 6661 6c73 6520 owever, a false \n-0000fed0: 706f 7369 7469 7665 2069 6e20 7468 6520 positive in the \n-0000fee0: 7265 636f 7264 6661 696c 206d 6563 6861 recordfail mecha\n-0000fef0: 6e69 736d 206d 6179 206f 6363 7572 2069 nism may occur i\n-0000ff00: 660a 2020 2020 2070 6f77 6572 2069 7320 f. power is \n-0000ff10: 6c6f 7374 2064 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 lost during boot\n-0000ff20: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 2073 7563 before boot suc\n-0000ff30: 6365 7373 2069 7320 7265 636f 7264 6564 cess is recorded\n-0000ff40: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 7365 7273 7061 in. userspa\n-0000ff50: 6365 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ce. The default\n-0000ff60: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7320 3330 2c20 setting is 30, \n-0000ff70: 7768 6963 6820 6361 7573 6573 2047 5255 which causes GRU\n-0000ff80: 4220 746f 2077 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 B to wait. f\n-0000ff90: 6f72 2075 7365 7220 696e 7075 7420 666f or user input fo\n-0000ffa0: 7220 7468 6972 7479 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 r thirty seconds\n-0000ffb0: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 636f 6e74 696e 7569 before continui\n-0000ffc0: 6e67 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6465 6661 756c ng. 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If\n-00010410: 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2065 7870 the timeout exp\n-00010420: 6972 6573 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6569 7468 ires before eith\n-00010430: 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 7365 er of. these\n-00010440: 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 6469 7370 6c61 happens, displa\n-00010450: 7920 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2066 6f72 2074 y the menu for t\n-00010460: 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2073 6563 he number of sec\n-00010470: 6f6e 6473 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a20 onds specified. \n-00010480: 2020 2020 696e 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 in ...GRUB_T\n-00010490: 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 6265 666f 7265 IMEOUT... before\n-000104a0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6566 booting the def\n-000104b0: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 ault entry... \n-000104c0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 6574 20e2 8098 If you set ...\n-000104d0: 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIME\n-000104e0: 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 796f 7520 7368 6f75 OUT..., you shou\n-000104f0: 6c64 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 740a 2020 2020 ld also set. \n-00010500: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n-00010510: 3d30 e280 9920 736f 2074 6861 7420 7468 =0... so that th\n-00010520: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6469 e menu is not di\n-00010530: 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6174 2061 6c6c 2075 splayed at all u\n-00010540: 6e6c 6573 730a 2020 2020 203c 4553 433e nless. \n-00010550: 206f 7220 3c46 343e 2061 7265 2070 7265 or are pre\n-00010560: 7373 6564 2c20 6f72 203c 5348 4946 543e ssed, or \n-00010570: 2069 7320 6865 6c64 2064 6f77 6e2e 0a0a is held down...\n-00010580: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e This option\n-00010590: 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 is unset by def\n-000105a0: 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 ault, and is dep\n-000105b0: 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 recated in favou\n-000105c0: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 r of the. le\n-000105d0: 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 ss confusing ...\n-000105e0: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 GRUB_TIMEOUT_STY\n-000105f0: 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 LE=countdown... \n-00010600: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f or. ...GRUB_\n-00010610: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 453d 6869 TIMEOUT_STYLE=hi\n-00010620: 6464 656e e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 dden.........GRU\n-00010630: 425f 4849 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 B_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT\n-00010640: 5f51 5549 4554 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 _QUIET.... 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This op\n-00010710: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 tion is unset by\n-00010720: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 default, and is\n-00010730: 2064 6570 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 deprecated in f\n-00010740: 6176 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 avour of the. \n-00010750: 2020 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 less confusing\n-00010760: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n-00010770: 5f53 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e _STYLE=countdown\n-00010780: e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4849 .........GRUB_HI\n-00010790: 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 DDEN_TIMEOUT_BUT\n-000107a0: 544f 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5661 7269 TON.... 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While addin\n+0000c1e0: 6720 6578 7472 610a 6375 7374 6f6d 206d g extra.custom m\n+0000c1f0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 746f 2074 enu entries to t\n+0000c200: 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 he end of the li\n+0000c210: 7374 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 2062 st can be done b\n+0000c220: 7920 6564 6974 696e 670a e280 982f 6574 y editing..../et\n+0000c230: 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 c/grub.d/40_cust\n+0000c240: 6f6d e280 9920 6f72 2063 7265 6174 696e om... or creatin\n+0000c250: 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f g .../boot/grub/\n+0000c260: 6375 7374 6f6d 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2063 custom.cfg..., c\n+0000c270: 6861 6e67 696e 670a 7468 6520 6f72 6465 hanging.the orde\n+0000c280: 7220 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 r of menu entrie\n+0000c290: 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 s or changing th\n+0000c2a0: 6569 7220 7469 746c 6573 206d 6179 2072 eir titles may r\n+0000c2b0: 6571 7569 7265 206d 616b 696e 670a 636f equire making.co\n+0000c2c0: 6d70 6c65 7820 6368 616e 6765 7320 746f mplex changes to\n+0000c2d0: 2073 6865 6c6c 2073 6372 6970 7473 2073 shell scripts s\n+0000c2e0: 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 tored in .../etc\n+0000c2f0: 2f67 7275 622e 642f e280 992e 2020 5468 /grub.d/.... 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F\n+0000c560: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 or example:.. \n+0000c570: 2020 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f GRUB_TERMINAL_\n+0000c580: 494e 5055 543d 2263 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 INPUT=\"console s\n+0000c590: 6572 6961 6c22 0a0a 2020 2056 616c 6964 erial\".. Valid\n+0000c5a0: 206b 6579 7320 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 keys in .../etc\n+0000c5b0: 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 /default/grub...\n+0000c5c0: 2061 7265 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a are as follows:\n+0000c5d0: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c .....GRUB_DEFAUL\n+0000c5e0: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 T.... The de\n+0000c5f0: 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 fault menu entry\n+0000c600: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2061 . This may be a\n+0000c610: 206e 756d 6265 722c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 number, in whic\n+0000c620: 6820 6361 7365 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 h case it. i\n+0000c630: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 4e74 dentifies the Nt\n+0000c640: 6820 656e 7472 7920 696e 2074 6865 2067 h entry in the g\n+0000c650: 656e 6572 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 636f enerated menu co\n+0000c660: 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c unted from zero,\n+0000c670: 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6974 . or the tit\n+0000c680: 6c65 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 le of a menu ent\n+0000c690: 7279 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 ry, or the speci\n+0000c6a0: 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 e280 9873 6176 al string ...sav\n+0000c6b0: 6564 e280 992e 2020 5573 696e 670a 2020 ed.... Using. \n+0000c6c0: 2020 2074 6865 2069 6420 6d61 7920 6265 the id may be\n+0000c6d0: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 useful if you w\n+0000c6e0: 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 2061 206d 656e ant to set a men\n+0000c6f0: 7520 656e 7472 7920 6173 2074 6865 2064 u entry as the d\n+0000c700: 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 6576 656e efault. even\n+0000c710: 2074 686f 7567 6820 7468 6572 6520 6d61 though there ma\n+0000c720: 7920 6265 2061 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 y be a variable \n+0000c730: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 7472 6965 number of entrie\n+0000c740: 7320 6265 666f 7265 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 s before it... \n+0000c750: 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 For example, \n+0000c760: 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 653a 0a0a 2020 if you have:.. \n+0000c770: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2027 4578 menuentry 'Ex\n+0000c780: 616d 706c 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 ample GNU/Linux \n+0000c790: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d distribution' --\n+0000c7a0: 636c 6173 7320 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 class gnu-linux \n+0000c7b0: 2d2d 6964 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 --id example-gnu\n+0000c7c0: 2d6c 696e 7578 207b 0a20 2020 2020 092e -linux {. ..\n+0000c7d0: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 ... }.. \n+0000c7e0: 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b then you can mak\n+0000c7f0: 6520 7468 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 e this the defau\n+0000c800: 6c74 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 lt using:.. \n+0000c810: 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c GRUB_DEFAUL\n+0000c820: 543d 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 T=example-gnu-li\n+0000c830: 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6576 696f nux.. 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If this op\n+0000ca40: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 tion is set to .\n+0000ca50: 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e2c ..true..., then,\n+0000ca60: 2077 6865 6e20 616e 2065 6e74 7279 2069 when an entry i\n+0000ca70: 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c0a 2020 2020 s selected,. \n+0000ca80: 2073 6176 6520 6974 2061 7320 6120 6e65 save it as a ne\n+0000ca90: 7720 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 w default entry \n+0000caa0: 666f 7220 7573 6520 6279 2066 7574 7572 for use by futur\n+0000cab0: 6520 7275 6e73 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 e runs of GRUB. \n+0000cac0: 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6973 206f 6e6c This. is onl\n+0000cad0: 7920 7573 6566 756c 2069 6620 e280 9847 y useful if ...G\n+0000cae0: 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d 7361 7665 RUB_DEFAULT=save\n+0000caf0: 64e2 8099 3b20 6974 2069 7320 6120 7365 d...; it is a se\n+0000cb00: 7061 7261 7465 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 parate option. \n+0000cb10: 2020 2062 6563 6175 7365 20e2 8098 4752 because ...GR\n+0000cb20: 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 3d73 6176 6564 UB_DEFAULT=saved\n+0000cb30: e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7769 ... is useful wi\n+0000cb40: 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f thout this optio\n+0000cb50: 6e2c 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6a75 n, in. conju\n+0000cb60: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 e280 9867 nction with ...g\n+0000cb70: 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 rub-set-default.\n+0000cb80: 8099 2e20 2055 6e73 6574 2062 7920 6465 ... 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This. \n+0000cba0: 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2072 656c 6965 7320 option relies \n+0000cbb0: 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 on the environme\n+0000cbc0: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 6963 6820 nt block, which \n+0000cbd0: 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c may not be avail\n+0000cbe0: 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2061 6c6c able. in all\n+0000cbf0: 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f situations (*no\n+0000cc00: 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 te Environment b\n+0000cc10: 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 lock::)......GRU\n+0000cc20: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 B_TIMEOUT.... \n+0000cc30: 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 Boot the defau\n+0000cc40: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6869 7320 6d61 lt entry this ma\n+0000cc50: 6e79 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2061 6674 6572 ny seconds after\n+0000cc60: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a20 2020 the menu is. \n+0000cc70: 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642c 2075 6e6c displayed, unl\n+0000cc80: 6573 7320 6120 6b65 7920 6973 2070 7265 ess a key is pre\n+0000cc90: 7373 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 ssed. The defau\n+0000cca0: 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9835 e280 992e 2020 lt is ...5.... \n+0000ccb0: 5365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9830 Set to. ...0\n+0000ccc0: e280 9920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6d65 ... to boot imme\n+0000ccd0: 6469 6174 656c 7920 7769 7468 6f75 7420 diately without \n+0000cce0: 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d displaying the m\n+0000ccf0: 656e 752c 206f 7220 746f 20e2 8098 2d31 enu, or to ...-1\n+0000cd00: e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7761 6974 ... to. wait\n+0000cd10: 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a indefinitely...\n+0000cd20: 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f If ...GRUB_\n+0000cd30: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 45e2 8099 TIMEOUT_STYLE...\n+0000cd40: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f is set to ...co\n+0000cd50: 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 untdown... or ..\n+0000cd60: 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 650a .hidden..., the.\n+0000cd70: 2020 2020 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 timeout is \n+0000cd80: 696e 7374 6561 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 instead counted \n+0000cd90: 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 before the menu \n+0000cda0: 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0ae2 is displayed....\n+0000cdb0: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_S\n+0000cdc0: 5459 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 TYLE.... If \n+0000cdd0: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 this option is u\n+0000cde0: 6e73 6574 206f 7220 7365 7420 746f 20e2 nset or set to .\n+0000cdf0: 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 ..menu..., then \n+0000ce00: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 GRUB will displa\n+0000ce10: 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 y. the menu \n+0000ce20: 616e 6420 7468 656e 2077 6169 7420 666f and then wait fo\n+0000ce30: 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 r the timeout se\n+0000ce40: 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d t by ...GRUB_TIM\n+0000ce50: 454f 5554 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 EOUT... to. \n+0000ce60: 6578 7069 7265 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f expire before bo\n+0000ce70: 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c oting the defaul\n+0000ce80: 7420 656e 7472 792e 2020 5072 6573 7369 t entry. Pressi\n+0000ce90: 6e67 2061 206b 6579 2069 6e74 6572 7275 ng a key interru\n+0000cea0: 7074 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 696d pts. the tim\n+0000ceb0: 656f 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 eout... If t\n+0000cec0: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 his option is se\n+0000ced0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 t to ...countdow\n+0000cee0: 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 n... or ...hidde\n+0000cef0: 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2c20 6265 666f n..., then, befo\n+0000cf00: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7969 re. displayi\n+0000cf10: 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 2047 5255 ng the menu, GRU\n+0000cf20: 4220 7769 6c6c 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 B will wait for \n+0000cf30: 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 the timeout set \n+0000cf40: 6279 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f by. ...GRUB_\n+0000cf50: 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 6578 TIMEOUT... to ex\n+0000cf60: 7069 7265 2e20 2049 6620 3c45 5343 3e20 pire. If \n+0000cf70: 6f72 203c 4634 3e20 6172 6520 7072 6573 or are pres\n+0000cf80: 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 3e0a sed, or .\n+0000cf90: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6865 6c64 2064 6f77 is held dow\n+0000cfa0: 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7469 n during that ti\n+0000cfb0: 6d65 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 me, it will disp\n+0000cfc0: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 lay the menu and\n+0000cfd0: 2077 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2069 wait. for i\n+0000cfe0: 6e70 7574 2e20 2049 6620 6120 686f 746b nput. If a hotk\n+0000cff0: 6579 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7769 ey associated wi\n+0000d000: 7468 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 th a menu entry \n+0000d010: 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6974 0a20 is pressed, it. \n+0000d020: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 will boot th\n+0000d030: 6520 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 206d 656e e associated men\n+0000d040: 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 6174 u entry immediat\n+0000d050: 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2074 696d ely. If the tim\n+0000d060: 656f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 eout. expire\n+0000d070: 7320 6265 666f 7265 2065 6974 6865 7220 s before either \n+0000d080: 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2068 6170 7065 6e73 of these happens\n+0000d090: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2074 , it will boot t\n+0000d0a0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 he default. \n+0000d0b0: 656e 7472 792e 2020 496e 2074 6865 20e2 entry. In the .\n+0000d0c0: 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 2063 ..countdown... c\n+0000d0d0: 6173 652c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2073 686f ase, it will sho\n+0000d0e0: 7720 6120 6f6e 652d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e64 w a one-line ind\n+0000d0f0: 6963 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 ication. of \n+0000d100: 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 the remaining ti\n+0000d110: 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 me......GRUB_DEF\n+0000d120: 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 AULT_BUTTON.....\n+0000d130: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_B\n+0000d140: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 UTTON.......GRUB\n+0000d150: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 _TIMEOUT_STYLE_B\n+0000d160: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 UTTON.......GRUB\n+0000d170: 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 _BUTTON_CMOS_ADD\n+0000d180: 5245 5353 e280 990a 2020 2020 2056 6172 RESS.... Var\n+0000d190: 6961 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 iants of the cor\n+0000d1a0: 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2076 6172 6961 responding varia\n+0000d1b0: 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6865 bles without the\n+0000d1c0: 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0a20 ..._BUTTON.... \n+0000d1d0: 2020 2020 7375 6666 6978 2c20 7573 6564 suffix, used\n+0000d1e0: 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7665 6e64 to support vend\n+0000d1f0: 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 706f 7765 or-specific powe\n+0000d200: 7220 6275 7474 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 r buttons. *Not\n+0000d210: 650a 2020 2020 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f e. Vendor po\n+0000d220: 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a2e 0a0a wer-on keys::...\n+0000d230: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5354 5249 4255 ...GRUB_DISTRIBU\n+0000d240: 544f 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 TOR.... Set \n+0000d250: 6279 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6f72 7320 by distributors \n+0000d260: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 6972 of GRUB to their\n+0000d270: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 206e 616d identifying nam\n+0000d280: 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a 2020 2020 e. This is. \n+0000d290: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 used to generat\n+0000d2a0: 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 e more informati\n+0000d2b0: 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7469 ve menu entry ti\n+0000d2c0: 746c 6573 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 tles......GRUB_T\n+0000d2d0: 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 8099 ERMINAL_INPUT...\n+0000d2e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 . Select the\n+0000d2f0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 terminal input \n+0000d300: 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 6179 device. You may\n+0000d310: 2073 656c 6563 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 select multiple\n+0000d320: 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6865 devices. he\n+0000d330: 7265 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 re, separated by\n+0000d340: 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 spaces... V\n+0000d350: 616c 6964 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e alid terminal in\n+0000d360: 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 put names depend\n+0000d370: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d on the platform\n+0000d380: 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 , but may includ\n+0000d390: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c e. ...consol\n+0000d3a0: 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 e... (native pla\n+0000d3b0: 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 tform console), \n+0000d3c0: e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 ...serial... 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The defau\n+0000d4e0: 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 lt is to use the\n+0000d4f0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 platform's nati\n+0000d500: 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 ve terminal inpu\n+0000d510: 742e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d t......GRUB_TERM\n+0000d520: 494e 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 INAL_OUTPUT.... \n+0000d530: 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 Select the t\n+0000d540: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2064 erminal output d\n+0000d550: 6576 6963 652e 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 evice. You may \n+0000d560: 7365 6c65 6374 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 select multiple \n+0000d570: 6465 7669 6365 730a 2020 2020 2068 6572 devices. her\n+0000d580: 652c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 e, separated by \n+0000d590: 7370 6163 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5661 spaces... Va\n+0000d5a0: 6c69 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 lid terminal out\n+0000d5b0: 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 put names depend\n+0000d5c0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d on the platform\n+0000d5d0: 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 , but may includ\n+0000d5e0: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c e. ...consol\n+0000d5f0: 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 e... (native pla\n+0000d600: 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 tform console), \n+0000d610: e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 ...serial... (se\n+0000d620: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a rial terminal),.\n+0000d630: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f3c ...serial_<\n+0000d640: 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c port>... (serial\n+0000d650: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 2065 terminal with e\n+0000d660: 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 656c xplicit port sel\n+0000d670: 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ection),. ..\n+0000d680: 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 2867 7261 .gfxterm... (gra\n+0000d690: 7068 6963 732d 6d6f 6465 206f 7574 7075 phics-mode outpu\n+0000d6a0: 7429 2c20 e280 9876 6761 5f74 6578 74e2 t), ...vga_text.\n+0000d6b0: 8099 2028 5647 4120 7465 7874 206f 7574 .. (VGA text out\n+0000d6c0: 7075 7429 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d64 put),. ...md\n+0000d6d0: 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 284d 4441 2074 a_text... (MDA t\n+0000d6e0: 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 292c 20e2 8098 ext output), ...\n+0000d6f0: 6d6f 7273 65e2 8099 2028 4d6f 7273 652d morse... 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On receivi\n+0000d830: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2063 ng system. c\n+0000d840: 6f6d 7069 6c65 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 ompile ...spkmod\n+0000d850: 656d 2d72 6563 76e2 8099 2066 726f 6d20 em-recv... from \n+0000d860: e280 9875 7469 6c2f 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d ...util/spkmodem\n+0000d870: 2d72 6563 762e 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 2072 -recv.c... and r\n+0000d880: 756e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 un:.. p\n+0000d890: 6172 6563 6f72 6420 2d2d 6368 616e 6e65 arecord --channe\n+0000d8a0: 6c73 3d31 202d 2d72 6174 653d 3438 3030 ls=1 --rate=4800\n+0000d8b0: 3020 2d2d 666f 726d 6174 3d73 3136 6c65 0 --format=s16le\n+0000d8c0: 207c 202e 2f73 706b 6d6f 6465 6d2d 7265 | ./spkmodem-re\n+0000d8d0: 6376 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 cv.. The def\n+0000d8e0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 ault is to use t\n+0000d8f0: 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 he platform's na\n+0000d900: 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 tive terminal ou\n+0000d910: 7470 7574 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 tput......GRUB_T\n+0000d920: 4552 4d49 4e41 4ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ERMINAL.... \n+0000d930: 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 If this option i\n+0000d940: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 s set, it overri\n+0000d950: 6465 7320 626f 7468 20e2 8098 4752 5542 des both ...GRUB\n+0000d960: 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 _TERMINAL_INPUT.\n+0000d970: 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 .. and. ...G\n+0000d980: 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f4f 5554 RUB_TERMINAL_OUT\n+0000d990: 5055 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7361 PUT... to the sa\n+0000d9a0: 6d65 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 me value......GR\n+0000d9b0: 5542 5f53 4552 4941 4c5f 434f 4d4d 414e UB_SERIAL_COMMAN\n+0000d9c0: 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4120 636f 6d6d D.... 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To di\n+0000e6b0: 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 sable the use of\n+0000e6c0: 2055 5549 4473 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 UUIDs, set this\n+0000e6d0: 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 option. to \n+0000e6e0: e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 ...true.........\n+0000e6f0: 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e GRUB_DISABLE_LIN\n+0000e700: 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 44e2 8099 0a20 UX_PARTUUID.... \n+0000e710: 2020 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d If ...grub-m\n+0000e720: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2063 616e 6e6f kconfig... canno\n+0000e730: 7420 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 t identify the r\n+0000e740: 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2076 oot filesystem v\n+0000e750: 6961 2069 7473 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 ia its. univ\n+0000e760: 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 ersally-unique i\n+0000e770: 6e64 656e 7469 6669 6572 2028 5555 4944 ndentifier (UUID\n+0000e780: 292c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e ), ...grub-mkcon\n+0000e790: 6669 67e2 8099 2063 616e 2075 7365 2074 fig... can use t\n+0000e7a0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5555 4944 206f 6620 he. 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Set\n+0000ebc0: 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e ting this option\n+0000ebd0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7472 7565 to. ...true\n+0000ebe0: e280 992c 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f 2073 ..., will also s\n+0000ebf0: 6574 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e73 20e2 et the options .\n+0000ec00: 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c ..GRUB_DISABLE_L\n+0000ec10: 494e 5558 5f55 5549 44e2 8099 2061 6e64 INUX_UUID... and\n+0000ec20: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 . ...GRUB_DI\n+0000ec30: 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 SABLE_LINUX_PART\n+0000ec40: 5555 4944 e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 7472 UUID... to ...tr\n+0000ec50: 7565 e280 992c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 ue..., unless th\n+0000ec60: 6579 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 0a20 2020 ey have been. \n+0000ec70: 2020 6578 706c 6963 696c 7479 2073 6574 explicilty set\n+0000ec80: 2074 6f20 e280 9866 616c 7365 e280 992e to ...false....\n+0000ec90: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5649 4445 4f5f .....GRUB_VIDEO_\n+0000eca0: 4241 434b 454e 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 BACKEND.... \n+0000ecb0: 4966 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 2076 6964 If graphical vid\n+0000ecc0: 656f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 7265 eo support is re\n+0000ecd0: 7175 6972 6564 2c20 6569 7468 6572 2062 quired, either b\n+0000ece0: 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ecause the. \n+0000ecf0: e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 6772 ...gfxterm... gr\n+0000ed00: 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c aphical terminal\n+0000ed10: 2069 7320 696e 2075 7365 206f 7220 6265 is in use or be\n+0000ed20: 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 cause. ...GR\n+0000ed30: 5542 5f47 4658 5041 594c 4f41 445f 4c49 UB_GFXPAYLOAD_LI\n+0000ed40: 4e55 58e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 742c 2074 NUX... is set, t\n+0000ed50: 6865 6e20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f hen ...grub-mkco\n+0000ed60: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 206e 6f72 nfig... will nor\n+0000ed70: 6d61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6420 mally. load \n+0000ed80: 616c 6c20 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 4752 all available GR\n+0000ed90: 5542 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 7665 7273 UB video drivers\n+0000eda0: 2061 6e64 2075 7365 2074 6865 206f 6e65 and use the one\n+0000edb0: 206d 6f73 740a 2020 2020 2061 7070 726f most. appro\n+0000edc0: 7072 6961 7465 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 priate for your \n+0000edd0: 6861 7264 7761 7265 2e20 2049 6620 796f hardware. If yo\n+0000ede0: 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6f76 6572 7269 u need to overri\n+0000edf0: 6465 2074 6869 7320 666f 720a 2020 2020 de this for. \n+0000ee00: 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 2c20 7468 some reason, th\n+0000ee10: 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 6574 2074 en you can set t\n+0000ee20: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 his option... \n+0000ee30: 2020 4166 7465 7220 e280 9867 7275 622d After ...grub-\n+0000ee40: 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2068 6173 2062 install... has b\n+0000ee50: 6565 6e20 7275 6e2c 2074 6865 2061 7661 een run, the ava\n+0000ee60: 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 656f 2064 7269 ilable video dri\n+0000ee70: 7665 7273 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 vers are. li\n+0000ee80: 7374 6564 2069 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 sted in .../boot\n+0000ee90: 2f67 7275 622f 7669 6465 6f2e 6c73 74e2 /grub/video.lst.\n+0000eea0: 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 ........GRUB_GFX\n+0000eeb0: 4d4f 4445 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 6574 MODE.... 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The default \n+0000efc0: 6973 20e2 8098 6175 746f e280 992c 2077 is ...auto..., w\n+0000efd0: 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 7472 6965 7320 hich. tries \n+0000efe0: 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 6120 7072 6566 to select a pref\n+0000eff0: 6572 7265 6420 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e erred resolution\n+0000f000: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 . *Note gfxmode\n+0000f010: 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 4143 ::......GRUB_BAC\n+0000f020: 4b47 524f 554e 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 KGROUND.... \n+0000f030: 5365 7420 6120 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 Set a background\n+0000f040: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2077 image for use w\n+0000f050: 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 9867 6678 7465 ith the ...gfxte\n+0000f060: 726d e280 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c0a rm... graphical.\n+0000f070: 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 terminal. \n+0000f080: 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6869 The value of thi\n+0000f090: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 7573 7420 6265 s option must be\n+0000f0a0: 2061 2066 696c 6520 7265 6164 6162 6c65 a file readable\n+0000f0b0: 2062 7920 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 6174 by GRUB. at\n+0000f0c0: 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 616e 6420 boot time, and \n+0000f0d0: 6974 206d 7573 7420 656e 6420 7769 7468 it must end with\n+0000f0e0: 20e2 8098 2e70 6e67 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ....png..., ...\n+0000f0f0: 2e74 6761 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2e6a 7067 .tga..., ....jpg\n+0000f100: e280 992c 206f 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ..., or. ...\n+0000f110: 2e6a 7065 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 2069 .jpeg.... 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D\n+0000f380: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 796f 7572 epending on your\n+0000f390: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 6f75 7220 6469 kernel, your di\n+0000f3a0: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 796f 7572 stribution, your\n+0000f3b0: 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 2c0a graphics card,.\n+0000f3c0: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 6861 and the pha\n+0000f3d0: 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 se of the moon, \n+0000f3e0: 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7573 696e 6720 note that using \n+0000f3f0: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 this option may \n+0000f400: 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 2047 4e55 2f4c cause. GNU/L\n+0000f410: 696e 7578 2074 6f20 7375 6666 6572 2066 inux to suffer f\n+0000f420: 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6469 7370 rom various disp\n+0000f430: 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 7061 lay problems, pa\n+0000f440: 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 rticularly. \n+0000f450: 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6172 6c79 during the early\n+0000f460: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f part of the boo\n+0000f470: 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 2049 6620 t sequence. 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It is. di\n+0000f5f0: 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c sabled by defaul\n+0000f600: 7420 7369 6e63 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 t since automati\n+0000f610: 6320 616e 6420 7369 6c65 6e74 2065 7865 c and silent exe\n+0000f620: 6375 7469 6f6e 206f 660a 2020 2020 20e2 cution of. .\n+0000f630: 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 2c20 ..os-prober..., \n+0000f640: 616e 6420 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2062 6f6f and creating boo\n+0000f650: 7420 656e 7472 6965 7320 6261 7365 6420 t entries based \n+0000f660: 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 6461 7461 2c20 6973 on that data, is\n+0000f670: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7465 6e74 6961 a. potentia\n+0000f680: 6c20 6174 7461 636b 2076 6563 746f 722e l attack vector.\n+0000f690: 2020 5365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f Set this optio\n+0000f6a0: 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 n to ...false...\n+0000f6b0: 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2074 6869 730a to enable this.\n+0000f6c0: 2020 2020 2066 6561 7475 7265 2069 6e20 feature in \n+0000f6d0: 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f the ...grub-mkco\n+0000f6e0: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e nfig... command.\n+0000f6f0: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4f53 5f50 524f .....GRUB_OS_PRO\n+0000f700: 4245 525f 534b 4950 5f4c 4953 54e2 8099 BER_SKIP_LIST...\n+0000f710: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 6620 7370 . List of sp\n+0000f720: 6163 652d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 4653 ace-separated FS\n+0000f730: 2055 5549 4473 206f 6620 6669 6c65 7379 UUIDs of filesy\n+0000f740: 7374 656d 7320 746f 2062 6520 6967 6e6f stems to be igno\n+0000f750: 7265 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 6f73 red from. os\n+0000f760: 2d70 726f 6265 7220 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 -prober output. \n+0000f770: 2046 6f72 2065 6669 2063 6861 696e 6c6f For efi chainlo\n+0000f780: 6164 6572 7320 6974 2773 203c 5555 4944 aders it's @....\n+0000f7a0: 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5355 .GRUB_DISABLE_SU\n+0000f7b0: 424d 454e 55e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f BMENU.... No\n+0000f7c0: 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d rmally, ...grub-\n+0000f7d0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 6c6c mkconfig... will\n+0000f7e0: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 746f 7020 6c65 generate top le\n+0000f7f0: 7665 6c20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2066 vel menu entry f\n+0000f800: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6b65 726e or. the kern\n+0000f810: 656c 2077 6974 6820 6869 6768 6573 7420 el with highest \n+0000f820: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2061 version number a\n+0000f830: 6e64 2070 7574 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 nd put all other\n+0000f840: 2066 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e found. kern\n+0000f850: 656c 7320 6f72 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 els or alternati\n+0000f860: 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 ve menu entries \n+0000f870: 666f 7220 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 6f64 for recovery mod\n+0000f880: 6520 696e 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e0a 2020 e in submenu.. \n+0000f890: 2020 2046 6f72 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2072 For entries r\n+0000f8a0: 6574 7572 6e65 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6f73 eturned by ...os\n+0000f8b0: 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 2066 6972 7374 -prober... first\n+0000f8c0: 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 entry will be p\n+0000f8d0: 7574 206f 6e20 746f 700a 2020 2020 206c ut on top. l\n+0000f8e0: 6576 656c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 evel and all oth\n+0000f8f0: 6572 7320 696e 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 ers in submenu. \n+0000f900: 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 If this option \n+0000f910: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 is set to ...tru\n+0000f920: 65e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 2066 6c61 7420 e...,. flat \n+0000f930: 6d65 6e75 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 656e menu with all en\n+0000f940: 7472 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6f70 206c 6576 tries on top lev\n+0000f950: 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 el will be gener\n+0000f960: 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e0a 2020 ated instead.. \n+0000f970: 2020 2043 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6973 Changing this\n+0000f980: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2072 6571 option will req\n+0000f990: 7569 7265 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 6578 uire changing ex\n+0000f9a0: 6973 7469 6e67 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 isting values of\n+0000f9b0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 . ...GRUB_DE\n+0000f9c0: 4641 554c 54e2 8099 2c20 e280 9866 616c FAULT..., ...fal\n+0000f9d0: 6c62 6163 6be2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 lback... (*note \n+0000f9e0: 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 fallback::) and \n+0000f9f0: e280 9864 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 282a ...default... (*\n+0000fa00: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c note. defaul\n+0000fa10: 743a 3a29 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 t::) environment\n+0000fa20: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 7320 7765 variables as we\n+0000fa30: 6c6c 2061 7320 7361 7665 6420 6465 6661 ll as saved defa\n+0000fa40: 756c 7420 656e 7472 790a 2020 2020 2075 ult entry. u\n+0000fa50: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6574 sing ...grub-set\n+0000fa60: 2d64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 616e 6420 -default... and \n+0000fa70: 7661 6c75 6520 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 value used with \n+0000fa80: e280 9867 7275 622d 7265 626f 6f74 e280 ...grub-reboot..\n+0000fa90: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 454e 4142 .......GRUB_ENAB\n+0000faa0: 4c45 5f43 5259 5054 4f44 4953 4be2 8099 LE_CRYPTODISK...\n+0000fab0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2073 6574 2074 6f20 . If set to \n+0000fac0: e280 9879 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ...y..., ...grub\n+0000fad0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 -mkconfig... and\n+0000fae0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n+0000faf0: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2063 6865 636b 2066 ... will check f\n+0000fb00: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6372 7970 7465 or. encrypte\n+0000fb10: 6420 6469 736b 7320 616e 6420 6765 6e65 d disks and gene\n+0000fb20: 7261 7465 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 rate additional \n+0000fb30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206e 6565 6465 6420 commands needed \n+0000fb40: 746f 2061 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 2074 to access. t\n+0000fb50: 6865 6d20 6475 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 742e hem during boot.\n+0000fb60: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 696e 2074 Note that in t\n+0000fb70: 6869 7320 6361 7365 2075 6e61 7474 656e his case unatten\n+0000fb80: 6465 6420 626f 6f74 2069 7320 6e6f 740a ded boot is not.\n+0000fb90: 2020 2020 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 6265 possible be\n+0000fba0: 6361 7573 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 cause GRUB will \n+0000fbb0: 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2070 6173 7370 6872 wait for passphr\n+0000fbc0: 6173 6520 746f 2075 6e6c 6f63 6b20 656e ase to unlock en\n+0000fbd0: 6372 7970 7465 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e crypted. con\n+0000fbe0: 7461 696e 6572 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 tainer......GRUB\n+0000fbf0: 5f49 4e49 545f 5455 4e45 e280 990a 2020 _INIT_TUNE.... \n+0000fc00: 2020 2050 6c61 7920 6120 7475 6e65 206f Play a tune o\n+0000fc10: 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6561 6b65 7220 7768 n the speaker wh\n+0000fc20: 656e 2047 5255 4220 7374 6172 7473 2e20 en GRUB starts. \n+0000fc30: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2070 6172 7469 6375 This is particu\n+0000fc40: 6c61 726c 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 larly. usefu\n+0000fc50: 6c20 666f 7220 7573 6572 7320 756e 6162 l for users unab\n+0000fc60: 6c65 2074 6f20 7365 6520 7468 6520 7363 le to see the sc\n+0000fc70: 7265 656e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 reen. The value\n+0000fc80: 206f 6620 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 of this. op\n+0000fc90: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7061 7373 6564 2064 tion is passed d\n+0000fca0: 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f 202a 6e6f 7465 irectly to *note\n+0000fcb0: 2070 6c61 793a 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 play::......GRU\n+0000fcc0: 425f 4241 4452 414d e280 990a 2020 2020 B_BADRAM.... \n+0000fcd0: 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 If this option \n+0000fce0: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c is set, GRUB wil\n+0000fcf0: 6c20 6973 7375 6520 6120 2a6e 6f74 6520 l issue a *note \n+0000fd00: 6261 6472 616d 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 badram:: command\n+0000fd10: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 7465 7220 to. filter \n+0000fd20: 6f75 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 out specified re\n+0000fd30: 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 2052 414d 2e0a 0ae2 gions of RAM....\n+0000fd40: 8098 4752 5542 5f50 5245 4c4f 4144 5f4d ..GRUB_PRELOAD_M\n+0000fd50: 4f44 554c 4553 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ODULES.... T\n+0000fd60: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 his option may b\n+0000fd70: 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 7420 e set to a list \n+0000fd80: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 206e of GRUB module n\n+0000fd90: 616d 6573 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 ames separated b\n+0000fda0: 790a 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 732e 2020 y. spaces. \n+0000fdb0: 4561 6368 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7769 6c6c Each module will\n+0000fdc0: 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7320 6561 be loaded as ea\n+0000fdd0: 726c 7920 6173 2070 6f73 7369 626c 652c rly as possible,\n+0000fde0: 2061 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 7461 at the. sta\n+0000fdf0: 7274 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 rt of ...grub.cf\n+0000fe00: 67e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f52 g.........GRUB_R\n+0000fe10: 4543 4f52 4446 4149 4c5f 5449 4d45 4f55 ECORDFAIL_TIMEOU\n+0000fe20: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 T.... If thi\n+0000fe30: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 742c s option is set,\n+0000fe40: 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 it overrides th\n+0000fe50: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7265 636f 7264 e default record\n+0000fe60: 6661 696c 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2e0a 2020 fail setting.. \n+0000fe70: 2020 2041 2073 6574 7469 6e67 206f 6620 A setting of \n+0000fe80: 2d31 2063 6175 7365 7320 4752 5542 2074 -1 causes GRUB t\n+0000fe90: 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7220 o wait for user \n+0000fea0: 696e 7075 7420 696e 6465 6669 6e69 7465 input indefinite\n+0000feb0: 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 ly.. However\n+0000fec0: 2c20 6120 6661 6c73 6520 706f 7369 7469 , a false positi\n+0000fed0: 7665 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7265 636f 7264 ve in the record\n+0000fee0: 6661 696c 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 206d fail mechanism m\n+0000fef0: 6179 206f 6363 7572 2069 660a 2020 2020 ay occur if. \n+0000ff00: 2070 6f77 6572 2069 7320 6c6f 7374 2064 power is lost d\n+0000ff10: 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 2062 6566 6f72 uring boot befor\n+0000ff20: 6520 626f 6f74 2073 7563 6365 7373 2069 e boot success i\n+0000ff30: 7320 7265 636f 7264 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 s recorded in. \n+0000ff40: 2020 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2e20 2054 userspace. T\n+0000ff50: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 6574 7469 he default setti\n+0000ff60: 6e67 2069 7320 3330 2c20 7768 6963 6820 ng is 30, which \n+0000ff70: 6361 7573 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f 2077 causes GRUB to w\n+0000ff80: 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2075 7365 ait. for use\n+0000ff90: 7220 696e 7075 7420 666f 7220 7468 6972 r input for thir\n+0000ffa0: 7479 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2062 6566 6f72 ty seconds befor\n+0000ffb0: 6520 636f 6e74 696e 7569 6e67 2e20 2054 e continuing. T\n+0000ffc0: 6869 7320 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 his default. \n+0000ffd0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 696e 7465 7261 6374 allows interact\n+0000ffe0: 6976 6520 7573 6572 7320 7468 6520 6f70 ive users the op\n+0000fff0: 706f 7274 756e 6974 7920 746f 2073 7769 portunity to swi\n+00010000: 7463 6820 746f 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 tch to a differe\n+00010010: 6e74 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 nt,. working\n+00010020: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2077 6869 6c65 2061 kernel, while a\n+00010030: 766f 6964 696e 6720 6120 6661 6c73 6520 voiding a false \n+00010040: 706f 7369 7469 7665 2063 6175 7369 6e67 positive causing\n+00010050: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 746f 0a20 2020 the boot to. \n+00010060: 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 696e 6465 6669 6e69 block indefini\n+00010070: 7465 6c79 206f 6e20 6865 6164 6c65 7373 tely on headless\n+00010080: 2061 6e64 2061 7070 6c69 616e 6365 2073 and appliance s\n+00010090: 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2061 6363 ystems where acc\n+000100a0: 6573 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6120 636f ess. to a co\n+000100b0: 6e73 6f6c 6520 6973 2072 6573 7472 6963 nsole is restric\n+000100c0: 7465 6420 6f72 206c 696d 6974 6564 2e0a ted or limited..\n+000100d0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f . This optio\n+000100e0: 6e20 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6566 6665 6374 n is only effect\n+000100f0: 6976 6520 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 7761 ive when GRUB wa\n+00010100: 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2077 6974 s configured wit\n+00010110: 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d h the. ...--\n+00010120: 656e 6162 6c65 2d71 7569 636b 2d62 6f6f enable-quick-boo\n+00010130: 74e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a e280 t... option.....\n+00010140: 9847 5255 425f 5245 434f 5645 5259 5f54 .GRUB_RECOVERY_T\n+00010150: 4954 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 ITLE.... Thi\n+00010160: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 6574 7320 7468 s option sets th\n+00010170: 6520 456e 676c 6973 6820 7465 7874 206f e English text o\n+00010180: 6620 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 2074 6861 f the string tha\n+00010190: 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2064 t will be. d\n+000101a0: 6973 706c 6179 6564 2069 6e20 7061 7265 isplayed in pare\n+000101b0: 6e74 6865 7365 7320 746f 2069 6e64 6963 ntheses to indic\n+000101c0: 6174 6520 7468 6174 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 ate that a boot \n+000101d0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7072 6f76 6964 option is provid\n+000101e0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2068 656c 7020 ed. to help \n+000101f0: 7573 6572 7320 7265 636f 7665 7220 6120 users recover a \n+00010200: 6272 6f6b 656e 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 broken system. \n+00010210: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 The default is \"\n+00010220: 7265 636f 7665 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f recovery. mo\n+00010230: 6465 222e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6c de\"... The fol\n+00010240: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 lowing options a\n+00010250: 7265 2073 7469 6c6c 2061 6363 6570 7465 re still accepte\n+00010260: 6420 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c d for compatibil\n+00010270: 6974 7920 7769 7468 0a65 7869 7374 696e ity with.existin\n+00010280: 6720 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 g configurations\n+00010290: 2c20 6275 7420 6861 7665 2062 6574 7465 , but have bette\n+000102a0: 7220 7265 706c 6163 656d 656e 7473 3a0a r replacements:.\n+000102b0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f ....GRUB_HIDDEN_\n+000102c0: 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 TIMEOUT.... \n+000102d0: 5761 6974 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e79 2073 Wait this many s\n+000102e0: 6563 6f6e 6473 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6469 econds before di\n+000102f0: 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e splaying the men\n+00010300: 752e 2020 4966 203c 4553 433e 206f 720a u. If or.\n+00010310: 2020 2020 203c 4634 3e20 6172 6520 7072 are pr\n+00010320: 6573 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 essed, or is held down d\n+00010340: 7572 696e 6720 7468 6174 2074 696d 652c uring that time,\n+00010350: 2064 6973 706c 6179 0a20 2020 2020 7468 display. th\n+00010360: 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 6169 7420 e menu and wait \n+00010370: 666f 7220 696e 7075 7420 6163 636f 7264 for input accord\n+00010380: 696e 6720 746f 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 ing to ...GRUB_T\n+00010390: 494d 454f 5554 e280 992e 2020 4966 2061 IMEOUT.... If a\n+000103a0: 0a20 2020 2020 686f 746b 6579 2061 7373 . hotkey ass\n+000103b0: 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7769 7468 2061 206d ociated with a m\n+000103c0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2070 7265 enu entry is pre\n+000103d0: 7373 6564 2c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2061 ssed, boot the a\n+000103e0: 7373 6f63 6961 7465 640a 2020 2020 206d ssociated. m\n+000103f0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 enu entry immedi\n+00010400: 6174 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2074 ately. If the t\n+00010410: 696d 656f 7574 2065 7870 6972 6573 2062 imeout expires b\n+00010420: 6566 6f72 6520 6569 7468 6572 206f 660a efore either of.\n+00010430: 2020 2020 2074 6865 7365 2068 6170 7065 these happe\n+00010440: 6e73 2c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 ns, display the \n+00010450: 6d65 6e75 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206e 756d menu for the num\n+00010460: 6265 7220 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2073 ber of seconds s\n+00010470: 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e pecified. in\n+00010480: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+00010490: e280 9920 6265 666f 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 ... before booti\n+000104a0: 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 ng the default e\n+000104b0: 6e74 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 ntry... If y\n+000104c0: 6f75 2073 6574 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 ou set ...GRUB_H\n+000104d0: 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 IDDEN_TIMEOUT...\n+000104e0: 2c20 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2061 6c73 , you should als\n+000104f0: 6f20 7365 740a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 o set. ...GR\n+00010500: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 3d30 e280 9920 UB_TIMEOUT=0... \n+00010510: 736f 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 so that the menu\n+00010520: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7965 is not displaye\n+00010530: 6420 6174 2061 6c6c 2075 6e6c 6573 730a d at all unless.\n+00010540: 2020 2020 203c 4553 433e 206f 7220 3c46 or are pressed, \n+00010560: 6f72 203c 5348 4946 543e 2069 7320 6865 or is he\n+00010570: 6c64 2064 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 ld down... T\n+00010580: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 756e his option is un\n+00010590: 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 set by default, \n+000105a0: 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 7265 6361 7465 and is deprecate\n+000105b0: 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 d in favour of t\n+000105c0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e he. less con\n+000105d0: 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 fusing ...GRUB_T\n+000105e0: 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 IMEOUT_STYLE=cou\n+000105f0: 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 6f72 0a20 2020 ntdown... or. \n+00010600: 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 ...GRUB_TIMEOU\n+00010610: 545f 5354 594c 453d 6869 6464 656e e280 T_STYLE=hidden..\n+00010620: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4849 4444 .......GRUB_HIDD\n+00010630: 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f51 5549 4554 EN_TIMEOUT_QUIET\n+00010640: e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 636f 6e6a .... 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Variant of\n+000107b0: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f ...GRUB_HIDDEN_\n+000107c0: 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 7573 6564 TIMEOUT..., used\n+000107d0: 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7665 6e64 to support vend\n+000107e0: 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 630a 2020 2020 or-specific. \n+000107f0: 2070 6f77 6572 2062 7574 746f 6e73 2e20 power buttons. \n+00010800: 202a 4e6f 7465 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f *Note Vendor po\n+00010810: 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a2e 0a0a wer-on keys::...\n+00010820: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e This option\n+00010830: 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 is unset by def\n+00010840: 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 ault, and is dep\n+00010850: 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 recated in favou\n+00010860: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 r of the. le\n+00010870: 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 ss confusing ...\n+00010880: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 GRUB_TIMEOUT_STY\n+00010890: 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 LE=countdown... \n+000108a0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f or. ...GRUB_\n+000108b0: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 453d 6869 TIMEOUT_STYLE=hi\n+000108c0: 6464 656e e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 dden...... For\n+000108d0: 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 6564 2063 more detailed c\n+000108e0: 7573 746f 6d69 7361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 ustomisation of \n+000108f0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n+00010900: e280 9927 7320 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 796f ...'s output, yo\n+00010910: 7520 6d61 790a 6564 6974 2074 6865 2073 u may.edit the s\n+00010920: 6372 6970 7473 2069 6e20 e280 982f 6574 cripts in .../et\n+00010930: 632f 6772 7562 2e64 e280 9920 6469 7265 c/grub.d... dire\n+00010940: 6374 6c79 2e20 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 ctly. .../etc/g\n+00010950: 7275 622e 642f 3430 5f63 7573 746f 6de2 rub.d/40_custom.\n+00010960: 8099 2069 730a 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 .. is.particular\n+00010970: 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 6164 ly useful for ad\n+00010980: 6469 6e67 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6375 7374 ding entire cust\n+00010990: 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 733b om menu entries;\n+000109a0: 2073 696d 706c 7920 7479 7065 0a74 6865 simply type.the\n+000109b0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 796f menu entries yo\n+000109c0: 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6174 u want to add at\n+000109d0: 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6174 the end of that\n+000109e0: 2066 696c 652c 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 file, making su\n+000109f0: 7265 2074 6f0a 6c65 6176 6520 6174 206c re to.leave at l\n+00010a00: 6561 7374 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 east the first t\n+00010a10: 776f 206c 696e 6573 2069 6e74 6163 742e wo lines intact.\n+00010a20: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00010a30: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f 6f74 nfo, Node: Root\n+00010a40: 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 Identifcation H\n+00010a50: 6575 7269 7374 6963 732c 2020 4e65 7874 euristics, Next\n+00010a60: 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 : Shell-like scr\n+00010a70: 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 ipting, Prev: S\n+00010a80: 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple configurat\n+00010a90: 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 ion, Up: Config\n+00010aa0: 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 0a36 2e32 2052 6f6f uration..6.2 Roo\n+00010ab0: 7420 4964 656e 7469 6663 6174 696f 6e20 t Identifcation \n+00010ac0: 4865 7572 6973 7469 6373 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d Heuristics.=====\n+00010ad0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00010ae0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 ============..If\n+00010af0: 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 7420 6f70 6572 the target oper\n+00010b00: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2075 7365 ating system use\n+00010b10: 7320 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e s the Linux kern\n+00010b20: 656c 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f el, ...grub-mkco\n+00010b30: 6e66 6967 e280 990a 6174 7465 6d70 7473 nfig....attempts\n+00010b40: 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 to identify the\n+00010b50: 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 root file syste\n+00010b60: 6d20 7669 6120 6120 6865 7572 6973 7469 m via a heuristi\n+00010b70: 6320 616c 676f 6972 7468 6d2e 0a54 6869 c algoirthm..Thi\n+00010b80: 7320 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d20 7365 6c65 s algorithm sele\n+00010b90: 6374 7320 7468 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 cts the identifi\n+00010ba0: 6361 7469 6f6e 206d 6574 686f 6420 6f66 cation method of\n+00010bb0: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 the root file s\n+00010bc0: 7973 7465 6d0a 6279 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 ystem.by conside\n+00010bd0: 7269 6e67 2074 6872 6565 2066 6163 746f ring three facto\n+00010be0: 7273 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 2069 rs. 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The special \n-000122b0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 e280 variable name ..\n-000122c0: 983f e280 9920 6578 7061 6e64 7320 746f .?... expands to\n-000122d0: 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 the exit status\n-000122e0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 0a72 6563 of the most.rec\n-000122f0: 656e 746c 7920 6578 6563 7574 6564 2063 ently executed c\n-00012300: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 706f ommand. 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The \n-00012530: 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 2073 7065 6369 first word speci\n-00012540: 6669 6573 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 fies.the command\n-00012550: 2074 6f20 6265 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e to be executed.\n-00012560: 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 The remaining \n-00012570: 776f 7264 7320 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 words are passed\n-00012580: 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 746f as arguments.to\n-00012590: 2074 6865 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2063 6f6d the invoked com\n-000125a0: 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7265 mand... The re\n-000125b0: 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6120 turn value of a \n-000125c0: 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 simple command i\n-000125d0: 7320 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 s its exit statu\n-000125e0: 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a72 6573 6572 s. If the.reser\n-000125f0: 7665 6420 776f 7264 20e2 8098 21e2 8099 ved word ...!...\n-00012600: 2070 7265 6365 6465 7320 7468 6520 636f precedes the co\n-00012610: 6d6d 616e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 mmand, then the \n-00012620: 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 return value is \n-00012630: 696e 7374 6561 640a 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 instead.the logi\n-00012640: 6361 6c20 6e65 6761 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 cal negation of \n-00012650: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 the command's ex\n-00012660: 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e 0a0a 436f 6d70 it status...Comp\n-00012670: 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d ound commands.==\n-00012680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00012690: 0a41 20e2 809c 636f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 .A ...compound c\n-000126a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 206f 6e65 ommand... is one\n-000126b0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e of the followin\n-000126c0: 673a 0a0a 666f 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 6e20 g:..for NAME in \n-000126d0: 574f 5244 202e 2e2e 3b20 646f 204c 4953 WORD ...; do LIS\n-000126e0: 543b 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2054 6865 T; done. The\n-000126f0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2066 list of words f\n-00012700: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 20e2 8098 696e e280 ollowing ...in..\n-00012710: 9920 6973 2065 7870 616e 6465 642c 2067 . is expanded, g\n-00012720: 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 6120 6c69 7374 enerating a list\n-00012730: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d73 2e20 of. items. \n-00012740: 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 4e41 The variable NA\n-00012750: 4d45 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2065 6163 ME is set to eac\n-00012760: 6820 656c 656d 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6869 h element of thi\n-00012770: 7320 6c69 7374 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 s list in. t\n-00012780: 7572 6e2c 2061 6e64 204c 4953 5420 6973 urn, and LIST is\n-00012790: 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 6561 6368 2074 executed each t\n-000127a0: 696d 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e ime. The return\n-000127b0: 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 value is the ex\n-000127c0: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 7573 206f it. status o\n-000127d0: 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 f the last comma\n-000127e0: 6e64 2074 6861 7420 6578 6563 7574 6573 nd that executes\n-000127f0: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6578 7061 6e73 . If the expans\n-00012800: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ion of the. \n-00012810: 6974 656d 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 items following \n-00012820: e280 9869 6ee2 8099 2072 6573 756c 7473 ...in... results\n-00012830: 2069 6e20 616e 2065 6d70 7479 206c 6973 in an empty lis\n-00012840: 742c 206e 6f20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 t, no commands a\n-00012850: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6563 7574 6564 re. executed\n-00012860: 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e , and the return\n-00012870: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2030 2e0a 0a69 status is 0...i\n-00012880: 6620 4c49 5354 3b20 7468 656e 204c 4953 f LIST; then LIS\n-00012890: 543b 205b 656c 6966 204c 4953 543b 2074 T; [elif LIST; t\n-000128a0: 6865 6e20 4c49 5354 3b5d 202e 2e2e 205b hen LIST;] ... [\n-000128b0: 656c 7365 204c 4953 543b 5d20 6669 0a20 else LIST;] fi. \n-000128c0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9869 66e2 8099 The ...if...\n-000128d0: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 LIST is execute\n-000128e0: 642c 2077 6865 7265 204c 4953 5420 6973 d, where LIST is\n-000128f0: 2061 2073 6572 6965 7320 6f66 20e2 809c a series of ...\n-00012900: 7369 6d70 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d simple. comm\n-00012910: 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 and...s separate\n-00012920: 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2049 6620 d by a \";\". If \n-00012930: 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 its exit status \n-00012940: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 740a 2020 2020 of the last. \n-00012950: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7a65 726f command is zero\n-00012960: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 , the ...then...\n-00012970: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 LIST is execute\n-00012980: 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2065 d. Otherwise, e\n-00012990: 6163 680a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656c 6966 ach. ...elif\n-000129a0: e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 ... LIST is exec\n-000129b0: 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7475 726e 2c20 616e uted in turn, an\n-000129c0: 6420 6966 2069 7473 206c 6173 7420 636f d if its last co\n-000129d0: 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 0a20 2020 mmand's exit. \n-000129e0: 2020 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7a65 726f status is zero\n-000129f0: 2c20 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 , the correspond\n-00012a00: 696e 6720 e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c ing ...then... L\n-00012a10: 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 IST is executed \n-00012a20: 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d and the. com\n-00012a30: 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 2e20 mand completes. \n-00012a40: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 Otherwise, the \n-00012a50: e280 9865 6c73 65e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 ...else... 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T\n-00012a80: 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 he exit status i\n-00012a90: 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 s the exit statu\n-00012aa0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f s of the last co\n-00012ab0: 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 mmand. execu\n-00012ac0: 7465 642c 206f 7220 7a65 726f 2069 6620 ted, or zero if \n-00012ad0: 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 6573 no condition tes\n-00012ae0: 7465 6420 7472 7565 2e0a 0a77 6869 6c65 ted true...while\n-00012af0: 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 COND; do LIST; \n-00012b00: 646f 6e65 0a75 6e74 696c 2043 4f4e 443b done.until COND;\n-00012b10: 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a20 do LIST; done. \n-00012b20: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 The ...while\n-00012b30: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6e74 ... command cont\n-00012b40: 696e 756f 7573 6c79 2065 7865 6375 7465 inuously execute\n-00012b50: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9864 6fe2 8099 204c s the ...do... L\n-00012b60: 4953 5420 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 0a20 IST as long as. \n-00012b70: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d the last com\n-00012b80: 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 434f 4e44 2072 6574 mand in COND ret\n-00012b90: 7572 6e73 2061 6e20 6578 6974 2073 7461 urns an exit sta\n-00012ba0: 7475 7320 6f66 207a 6572 6f2c 2077 6865 tus of zero, whe\n-00012bb0: 7265 2043 4f4e 440a 2020 2020 2069 7320 re COND. is \n-00012bc0: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 e280 9c73 696d a list of ...sim\n-00012bd0: 706c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 ple command...s \n-00012be0: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 separated by a \"\n-00012bf0: 3b22 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 756e 7469 ;\". The ...unti\n-00012c00: 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e l.... comman\n-00012c10: 6420 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2074 d is identical t\n-00012c20: 6f20 7468 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 o the ...while..\n-00012c30: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2065 7863 6570 . command, excep\n-00012c40: 7420 7468 6174 2074 6865 2074 6573 740a t that the test.\n-00012c50: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6e65 6761 7465 643b is negated;\n-00012c60: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 646f e280 9920 4c49 the ...do... LI\n-00012c70: 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 ST is executed a\n-00012c80: 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c61 s long as the la\n-00012c90: 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 st command. \n-00012ca0: 696e 2043 4f4e 4420 7265 7475 726e 7320 in COND returns \n-00012cb0: 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 a non-zero exit \n-00012cc0: 7374 6174 7573 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 status. The exi\n-00012cd0: 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 650a t status of the.\n-00012ce0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 ...while...\n-00012cf0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 and ...until...\n-00012d00: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2074 6865 commands is the\n-00012d10: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 exit status of \n-00012d20: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 20e2 8098 646f e280 the last ...do..\n-00012d30: 990a 2020 2020 204c 4953 5420 636f 6d6d .. LIST comm\n-00012d40: 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 6f72 and executed, or\n-00012d50: 207a 6572 6f20 6966 206e 6f6e 6520 7761 zero if none wa\n-00012d60: 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a66 756e s executed...fun\n-00012d70: 6374 696f 6e20 4e41 4d45 207b 2043 4f4d ction NAME { COM\n-00012d80: 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 MAND; ... }. \n-00012d90: 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 This defines a \n-00012da0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206e 616d 6564 204e function named N\n-00012db0: 414d 452e 2020 5468 6520 e280 9c62 6f64 AME. The ...bod\n-00012dc0: 79e2 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 6675 6e63 y... of the func\n-00012dd0: 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 tion is. the\n-00012de0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 list of command\n-00012df0: 7320 7769 7468 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c s within braces,\n-00012e00: 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2077 6869 6368 206d each of which m\n-00012e10: 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d ust be. term\n-00012e20: 696e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 7365 inated with a se\n-00012e30: 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e20 6f72 2061 206e 6577 micolon or a new\n-00012e40: 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6c69 7374 line. This list\n-00012e50: 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 2020 of commands. \n-00012e60: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 will be execut\n-00012e70: 6564 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 4e41 4d45 ed whenever NAME\n-00012e80: 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 is specified as\n-00012e90: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2061 2073 the name of a s\n-00012ea0: 696d 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 imple. comma\n-00012eb0: 6e64 2e20 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6465 nd. Function de\n-00012ec0: 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 206e 6f74 finitions do not\n-00012ed0: 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 6578 6974 affect the exit\n-00012ee0: 2073 7461 7475 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 status in. \n-00012ef0: e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 ...$?.... When \n-00012f00: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6578 executed, the ex\n-00012f10: 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2061 2066 it status of a f\n-00012f20: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6865 2065 unction is the e\n-00012f30: 7869 740a 2020 2020 2073 7461 7475 7320 xit. status \n-00012f40: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d of the last comm\n-00012f50: 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 and executed in \n-00012f60: 7468 6520 626f 6479 2e0a 0a6d 656e 7565 the body...menue\n-00012f70: 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 205b e280 982d ntry TITLE [...-\n-00012f80: 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 e280 9920 -class=class... \n-00012f90: 2e2e 2e5d 205b e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 ...] [...--users\n-00012fa0: 3d75 7365 7273 e280 995d 205b e280 982d =users...] [...-\n-00012fb0: 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 64e2 8099 -unrestricted...\n-00012fc0: 5d20 5be2 8098 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b ] [...--hotkey=k\n-00012fd0: 6579 e280 995d 205b e280 982d 2d69 643d ey...] [...--id=\n-00012fe0: 6964 e280 995d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 id...] { COMMAND\n-00012ff0: 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f ; ... }. *No\n-00013000: 7465 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 2e0a te menuentry::..\n-00013010: 0a42 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 436f 6d6d 616e .Built-in Comman\n-00013020: 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ds.=============\n-00013030: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 536f 6d65 2062 7569 6c74 ====..Some built\n-00013040: 2d69 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 -in commands are\n-00013050: 2061 6c73 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 also provided b\n-00013060: 7920 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 746f y GRUB script to\n-00013070: 2068 656c 7020 7363 7269 7074 0a77 7269 help script.wri\n-00013080: 7465 7273 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 6374 ters perform act\n-00013090: 696f 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f74 ions that are ot\n-000130a0: 6865 7277 6973 6520 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 herwise not poss\n-000130b0: 6962 6c65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 ible. For examp\n-000130c0: 6c65 2c0a 7468 6573 6520 696e 636c 7564 le,.these includ\n-000130d0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6f20 6a75 e commands to ju\n-000130e0: 6d70 206f 7574 206f 6620 6120 6c6f 6f70 mp out of a loop\n-000130f0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2066 756c 6c79 2063 without fully c\n-00013100: 6f6d 706c 6574 696e 670a 6974 2c20 6574 ompleting.it, et\n-00013110: 632e 0a0a 6272 6561 6b20 5be2 8098 6ee2 c...break [...n.\n-00013120: 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 6672 ..]. Exit fr\n-00013130: 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 e280 9866 om within a ...f\n-00013140: 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 or..., ...while.\n-00013150: 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 .., or ...until.\n-00013160: 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 .. loop. If ...\n-00013170: 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 n... is. spe\n-00013180: 6369 6669 6564 2c20 6272 6561 6b20 e280 cified, break ..\n-00013190: 986e e280 9920 6c65 7665 6c73 2e20 20e2 .n... levels. .\n-000131a0: 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 ..n... must be g\n-000131b0: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 reater than or e\n-000131c0: 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2031 2e20 qual to. 1. \n-000131d0: 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 2067 If ...n... is g\n-000131e0: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 reater than the \n-000131f0: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 number of enclos\n-00013200: 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2061 6c6c 0a20 ing loops, all. \n-00013210: 2020 2020 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f enclosing lo\n-00013220: 6f70 7320 6172 6520 6578 6974 6564 2e20 ops are exited. \n-00013230: 2054 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 The return valu\n-00013240: 6520 6973 2030 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 e is 0 unless ..\n-00013250: 986e e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f .n... is. no\n-00013260: 7420 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 206f t greater than o\n-00013270: 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2031 2e0a 0a63 r equal to 1...c\n-00013280: 6f6e 7469 6e75 6520 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 ontinue [...n...\n-00013290: 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 756d 6520 7468 ]. Resume th\n-000132a0: 6520 6e65 7874 2069 7465 7261 7469 6f6e e next iteration\n-000132b0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 656e 636c 6f73 696e of the enclosin\n-000132c0: 6720 e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 g ...for..., ...\n-000132d0: 7768 696c 65e2 8099 206f 720a 2020 2020 while... or. \n-000132e0: 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f ...until... loo\n-000132f0: 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 p. If ...n... i\n-00013300: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2072 6573 s specified, res\n-00013310: 756d 6520 6174 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6ee2 ume at the ...n.\n-00013320: 8099 7468 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 0a20 ..th enclosing. \n-00013330: 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 loop. ...n.\n-00013340: 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 .. must be great\n-00013350: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c er than or equal\n-00013360: 2074 6f20 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 to 1. If ...n.\n-00013370: 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 720a 2020 .. is greater. \n-00013380: 2020 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 than the numb\n-00013390: 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 er of enclosing \n-000133a0: 6c6f 6f70 732c 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 loops, the last \n-000133b0: 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 2028 enclosing loop (\n-000133c0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 809c 746f 702d the. ...top-\n-000133d0: 6c65 7665 6ce2 809d 206c 6f6f 7029 2069 level... loop) i\n-000133e0: 7320 7265 7375 6d65 642e 2020 5468 6520 s resumed. The \n-000133f0: 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 return value is \n-00013400: 3020 756e 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 0 unless ...n...\n-00013410: 2069 730a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2067 7265 is. not gre\n-00013420: 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 ater than or equ\n-00013430: 616c 2074 6f20 312e 0a0a 7265 7475 726e al to 1...return\n-00013440: 205b e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 [...n...]. \n-00013450: 4361 7573 6573 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f Causes a functio\n-00013460: 6e20 746f 2065 7869 7420 7769 7468 2074 n to exit with t\n-00013470: 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 he return value \n-00013480: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 20e2 8098 specified by ...\n-00013490: 6ee2 8099 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 n..... If ..\n-000134a0: 986e e280 9920 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 .n... is omitted\n-000134b0: 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 , the return sta\n-000134c0: 7475 7320 6973 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2074 tus is that of t\n-000134d0: 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a he last command.\n-000134e0: 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 696e executed in\n-000134f0: 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 626f the function bo\n-00013500: 6479 2e20 2049 6620 7573 6564 206f 7574 dy. If used out\n-00013510: 7369 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 side a function \n-00013520: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e20 the. return \n-00013530: 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 6661 6c73 652e status is false.\n-00013540: 0a0a 7365 7470 6172 616d 7320 5be2 8098 ..setparams [...\n-00013550: 6172 67e2 8099 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 arg...] .... \n-00013560: 2052 6570 6c61 6365 2070 6f73 6974 696f Replace positio\n-00013570: 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2073 nal parameters s\n-00013580: 7461 7274 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 tarting with ...\n-00013590: 2431 e280 9920 7769 7468 2061 7267 756d $1... with argum\n-000135a0: 656e 7473 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ents to. ...\n-000135b0: 7365 7470 6172 616d 73e2 8099 2e0a 0a73 setparams......s\n-000135c0: 6869 6674 205b e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 hift [...n...]. \n-000135d0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e The position\n-000135e0: 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6672 al parameters fr\n-000135f0: 6f6d 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2b31 202e 2e2e om ...n...+1 ...\n-00013600: 2061 7265 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 are renamed to \n-00013610: e280 9824 31e2 8099 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 2020 ...$1........ \n-00013620: 2020 5061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2072 6570 Parameters rep\n-00013630: 7265 7365 6e74 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 resented by the \n-00013640: 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 e280 9824 23e2 8099 numbers ...$#...\n-00013650: 2064 6f77 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 2423 e280 down to ...$#..\n-00013660: 992d e280 986e e280 992b 3120 6172 650a .-...n...+1 are.\n-00013670: 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 20e2 8098 unset. ...\n-00013680: 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e n... must be a n\n-00013690: 6f6e 2d6e 6567 6174 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 on-negative numb\n-000136a0: 6572 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 er less than or \n-000136b0: 6571 7561 6c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 equal to. ..\n-000136c0: 9824 23e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e .$#.... If ...n\n-000136d0: e280 9920 6973 2030 2c20 6e6f 2070 6172 ... is 0, no par\n-000136e0: 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6368 616e ameters are chan\n-000136f0: 6765 642e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 ged. If ...n...\n-00013700: 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2067 6976 is not. giv\n-00013710: 656e 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 en, it is assume\n-00013720: 6420 746f 2062 6520 312e 2020 4966 20e2 d to be 1. If .\n-00013730: 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 ..n... is greate\n-00013740: 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992c r than ...$#...,\n-00013750: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 the. positi\n-00013760: 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 onal parameters \n-00013770: 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 6368 616e 6765 642e are not changed.\n-00013780: 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 The return sta\n-00013790: 7475 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6772 6561 tus is. grea\n-000137a0: 7465 7220 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f20 6966 ter than zero if\n-000137b0: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 ...n... is grea\n-000137c0: 7465 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 ter than ...$#..\n-000137d0: 9920 6f72 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 207a . or less than z\n-000137e0: 6572 6f3b 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7277 ero;. otherw\n-000137f0: 6973 6520 302e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ise 0.....File: \n-00013800: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00013810: 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 : Shell-like scr\n-00013820: 6970 7469 6e67 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 ipting-Footnotes\n-00013830: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b , Up: Shell-lik\n-00013840: 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 670a 0a20 2020 e scripting.. \n-00013850: 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6120 (1) Currently a \n-00013860: 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c 696e backslash-newlin\n-00013870: 6520 7061 6972 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 e pair within a \n-00013880: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6973 variable name is\n-00013890: 206e 6f74 0a68 616e 646c 6564 2070 726f not.handled pro\n-000138a0: 7065 726c 792c 2073 6f20 7573 6520 7468 perly, so use th\n-000138b0: 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 6974 6820 is feature with \n-000138c0: 736f 6d65 2063 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 some care.....Fi\n-000138d0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000138e0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 Node: Multi-boot\n-000138f0: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 manual config, \n-00013900: 204e 6578 743a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 Next: Embedded \n-00013910: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 configuration, \n-00013920: 5072 6576 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 Prev: Shell-like\n-00013930: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a scripting, Up:\n-00013940: 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a Configuration..\n-00013950: 362e 3420 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 6.4 Multi-boot m\n-00013960: 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d anual config.===\n+00011750: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a e280 9867 7275 ========.....gru\n+00011760: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 7320 7772 6974 b.cfg... is writ\n+00011770: 7465 6e20 696e 2047 5255 4227 7320 6275 ten in GRUB's bu\n+00011780: 696c 742d 696e 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 ilt-in scripting\n+00011790: 206c 616e 6775 6167 652c 2077 6869 6368 language, which\n+000117a0: 2068 6173 2061 0a73 796e 7461 7820 7175 has a.syntax qu\n+000117b0: 6974 6520 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2074 ite similar to t\n+000117c0: 6861 7420 6f66 2047 4e55 2042 6173 6820 hat of GNU Bash \n+000117d0: 616e 6420 6f74 6865 7220 426f 7572 6e65 and other Bourne\n+000117e0: 2073 6865 6c6c 0a64 6572 6976 6174 6976 shell.derivativ\n+000117f0: 6573 2e0a 0a57 6f72 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d es...Words.=====\n+00011800: 0a0a 4120 e280 9c77 6f72 64e2 809d 2069 ..A ...word... i\n+00011810: 7320 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 s a sequence of \n+00011820: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2063 6f6e 7369 characters consi\n+00011830: 6465 7265 6420 6173 2061 2073 696e 676c dered as a singl\n+00011840: 6520 756e 6974 2062 790a 4752 5542 2e20 e unit by.GRUB. \n+00011850: 2057 6f72 6473 2061 7265 2073 6570 6172 Words are separ\n+00011860: 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 9c6d 6574 6163 ated by ...metac\n+00011870: 6861 7261 6374 6572 73e2 809d 2c20 7768 haracters..., wh\n+00011880: 6963 6820 6172 6520 7468 6520 666f 6c6c ich are the foll\n+00011890: 6f77 696e 670a 706c 7573 2073 7061 6365 owing.plus space\n+000118a0: 2c20 7461 622c 2061 6e64 206e 6577 6c69 , tab, and newli\n+000118b0: 6e65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7b20 7d20 7c20 ne:.. { } | \n+000118c0: 2620 2420 3b20 3c20 3e0a 0a20 2020 5175 & $ ; < >.. Qu\n+000118d0: 6f74 696e 6720 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 oting may be use\n+000118e0: 6420 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206d 6574 d to include met\n+000118f0: 6163 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 696e 2077 acharacters in w\n+00011900: 6f72 6473 3b20 7365 6520 6265 6c6f 772e ords; see below.\n+00011910: 0a0a 5265 7365 7276 6564 2077 6f72 6473 ..Reserved words\n+00011920: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a .==============.\n+00011930: 0a52 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 7320 .Reserved words \n+00011940: 6861 7665 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d have a special m\n+00011950: 6561 6e69 6e67 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e20 eaning to GRUB. \n+00011960: 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 776f The following wo\n+00011970: 7264 7320 6172 650a 7265 636f 676e 6973 rds are.recognis\n+00011980: 6564 2061 7320 7265 7365 7276 6564 2077 ed as reserved w\n+00011990: 6865 6e20 756e 7175 6f74 6564 2061 6e64 hen unquoted and\n+000119a0: 2065 6974 6865 7220 7468 6520 6669 7273 either the firs\n+000119b0: 7420 776f 7264 206f 6620 610a 7369 6d70 t word of a.simp\n+000119c0: 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206f 7220 7468 le command or th\n+000119d0: 6520 7468 6972 6420 776f 7264 206f 6620 e third word of \n+000119e0: 6120 e280 9866 6f72 e280 9920 636f 6d6d a ...for... comm\n+000119f0: 616e 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 2021 205b 5b20 and:.. ! [[ \n+00011a00: 5d5d 207b 207d 0a20 2020 2020 6361 7365 ]] { }. case\n+00011a10: 2064 6f20 646f 6e65 2065 6c69 6620 656c do done elif el\n+00011a20: 7365 2065 7361 6320 6669 2066 6f72 2066 se esac fi for f\n+00011a30: 756e 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6620 unction. if \n+00011a40: 696e 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2073 656c in menuentry sel\n+00011a50: 6563 7420 7468 656e 2074 696d 6520 756e ect then time un\n+00011a60: 7469 6c20 7768 696c 650a 0a20 2020 4e6f til while.. No\n+00011a70: 7420 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2072 t all of these r\n+00011a80: 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f 7264 7320 6861 eserved words ha\n+00011a90: 7665 2061 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7075 7270 ve a useful purp\n+00011aa0: 6f73 6520 7965 743b 2073 6f6d 6520 6172 ose yet; some ar\n+00011ab0: 650a 7265 7365 7276 6564 2066 6f72 2066 e.reserved for f\n+00011ac0: 7574 7572 6520 6578 7061 6e73 696f 6e2e uture expansion.\n+00011ad0: 0a0a 5175 6f74 696e 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ..Quoting.======\n+00011ae0: 3d0a 0a51 756f 7469 6e67 2069 7320 7573 =..Quoting is us\n+00011af0: 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 ed to remove the\n+00011b00: 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 special meaning\n+00011b10: 206f 6620 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6368 6172 of certain char\n+00011b20: 6163 7465 7273 206f 720a 776f 7264 732e acters or.words.\n+00011b30: 2020 4974 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 It can be used\n+00011b40: 2074 6f20 7472 6561 7420 6d65 7461 6368 to treat metach\n+00011b50: 6172 6163 7465 7273 2061 7320 7061 7274 aracters as part\n+00011b60: 206f 6620 6120 776f 7264 2c20 746f 0a70 of a word, to.p\n+00011b70: 7265 7665 6e74 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 revent reserved \n+00011b80: 776f 7264 7320 6672 6f6d 2062 6569 6e67 words from being\n+00011b90: 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 6420 6173 2073 recognised as s\n+00011ba0: 7563 682c 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 7072 6576 uch, and to prev\n+00011bb0: 656e 740a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2065 7870 ent.variable exp\n+00011bc0: 616e 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6572 ansion... Ther\n+00011bd0: 6520 6172 6520 7468 7265 6520 7175 6f74 e are three quot\n+00011be0: 696e 6720 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 3a20 ing mechanisms: \n+00011bf0: 7468 6520 6573 6361 7065 2063 6861 7261 the escape chara\n+00011c00: 6374 6572 2c20 7369 6e67 6c65 0a71 756f cter, single.quo\n+00011c10: 7465 732c 2061 6e64 2064 6f75 626c 6520 tes, and double \n+00011c20: 7175 6f74 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 6e6f quotes... A no\n+00011c30: 6e2d 7175 6f74 6564 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 n-quoted backsla\n+00011c40: 7368 2028 5c29 2069 7320 7468 6520 e280 sh (\\) is the ..\n+00011c50: 9c65 7363 6170 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 .escape characte\n+00011c60: 72e2 809d 2e20 2049 7420 7072 6573 6572 r.... It preser\n+00011c70: 7665 730a 7468 6520 6c69 7465 7261 6c20 ves.the literal \n+00011c80: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206e 6578 value of the nex\n+00011c90: 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 7468 6174 t character that\n+00011ca0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 2c20 7769 7468 2074 follows, with t\n+00011cb0: 6865 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 he exception.of \n+00011cc0: 6e65 776c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 2045 6e63 newline... Enc\n+00011cd0: 6c6f 7369 6e67 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 losing character\n+00011ce0: 7320 696e 2073 696e 676c 6520 7175 6f74 s in single quot\n+00011cf0: 6573 2070 7265 7365 7276 6573 2074 6865 es preserves the\n+00011d00: 206c 6974 6572 616c 2076 616c 7565 206f literal value o\n+00011d10: 660a 6561 6368 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 f.each character\n+00011d20: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 7175 6f74 within the quot\n+00011d30: 6573 2e20 2041 2073 696e 676c 6520 7175 es. A single qu\n+00011d40: 6f74 6520 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6f63 6375 ote may not occu\n+00011d50: 7220 6265 7477 6565 6e0a 7369 6e67 6c65 r between.single\n+00011d60: 2071 756f 7465 732c 2065 7665 6e20 7768 quotes, even wh\n+00011d70: 656e 2070 7265 6365 6465 6420 6279 2061 en preceded by a\n+00011d80: 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2e0a 0a20 2020 backslash... \n+00011d90: 456e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 Enclosing charac\n+00011da0: 7465 7273 2069 6e20 646f 7562 6c65 2071 ters in double q\n+00011db0: 756f 7465 7320 7072 6573 6572 7665 7320 uotes preserves \n+00011dc0: 7468 6520 6c69 7465 7261 6c20 7661 6c75 the literal valu\n+00011dd0: 6520 6f66 0a61 6c6c 2063 6861 7261 6374 e of.all charact\n+00011de0: 6572 7320 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 2071 ers within the q\n+00011df0: 756f 7465 732c 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 uotes, with the \n+00011e00: 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 exception of ...\n+00011e10: 24e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 5ce2 8099 $... and ...\\...\n+00011e20: 2e0a 5468 6520 e280 9824 e280 9920 6368 ..The ...$... ch\n+00011e30: 6172 6163 7465 7220 7265 7461 696e 7320 aracter retains \n+00011e40: 6974 7320 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6d65 616e its special mean\n+00011e50: 696e 6720 7769 7468 696e 2064 6f75 626c ing within doubl\n+00011e60: 6520 7175 6f74 6573 2e20 2054 6865 0a62 e quotes. The.b\n+00011e70: 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2072 6574 6169 6e73 ackslash retains\n+00011e80: 2069 7473 2073 7065 6369 616c 206d 6561 its special mea\n+00011e90: 6e69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2066 ning only when f\n+00011ea0: 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 206f 6e65 206f ollowed by one o\n+00011eb0: 6620 7468 650a 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 f the.following \n+00011ec0: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 3a20 e280 9824 characters: ...$\n+00011ed0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 22e2 8099 2c20 e280 ..., ...\"..., ..\n+00011ee0: 985c e280 992c 206f 7220 6e65 776c 696e .\\..., or newlin\n+00011ef0: 652e 2020 4120 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d e. A backslash-\n+00011f00: 6e65 776c 696e 650a 7061 6972 2069 7320 newline.pair is \n+00011f10: 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2061 206c 696e treated as a lin\n+00011f20: 6520 636f 6e74 696e 7561 7469 6f6e 2028 e continuation (\n+00011f30: 7468 6174 2069 732c 2069 7420 6973 2072 that is, it is r\n+00011f40: 656d 6f76 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a emoved from the.\n+00011f50: 696e 7075 7420 7374 7265 616d 2061 6e64 input stream and\n+00011f60: 2065 6666 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2069 676e effectively ign\n+00011f70: 6f72 6564 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 ored(1) (*note S\n+00011f80: 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 650a 7363 7269 7074 hell-like.script\n+00011f90: 696e 672d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a ing-Footnote-1::\n+00011fa0: 2929 2e20 2041 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 )). A double qu\n+00011fb0: 6f74 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2071 756f 7465 ote may be quote\n+00011fc0: 6420 7769 7468 696e 2064 6f75 626c 650a d within double.\n+00011fd0: 7175 6f74 6573 2062 7920 7072 6563 6564 quotes by preced\n+00011fe0: 696e 6720 6974 2077 6974 6820 6120 6261 ing it with a ba\n+00011ff0: 636b 736c 6173 682e 0a0a 5661 7269 6162 ckslash...Variab\n+00012000: 6c65 2065 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d le expansion.===\n+00012010: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00012020: 0a54 6865 20e2 8098 24e2 8099 2063 6861 .The ...$... cha\n+00012030: 7261 6374 6572 2069 6e74 726f 6475 6365 racter introduce\n+00012040: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2065 7870 616e s variable expan\n+00012050: 7369 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 sion. The varia\n+00012060: 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 2074 6f0a 6265 2065 ble name to.be e\n+00012070: 7870 616e 6465 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2065 xpanded may be e\n+00012080: 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 696e 2062 7261 6365 nclosed in brace\n+00012090: 732c 2077 6869 6368 2061 7265 206f 7074 s, which are opt\n+000120a0: 696f 6e61 6c20 6275 7420 7365 7276 6520 ional but serve \n+000120b0: 746f 0a70 726f 7465 6374 2074 6865 2076 to.protect the v\n+000120c0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2062 6520 6578 ariable to be ex\n+000120d0: 7061 6e64 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6368 6172 panded from char\n+000120e0: 6163 7465 7273 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 acters immediate\n+000120f0: 6c79 0a66 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7420 ly.following it \n+00012100: 7768 6963 6820 636f 756c 6420 6265 2069 which could be i\n+00012110: 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 7061 nterpreted as pa\n+00012120: 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a rt of the name..\n+00012130: 0a20 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 2076 6172 6961 . Normal varia\n+00012140: 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6265 6769 6e20 ble names begin \n+00012150: 7769 7468 2061 6e20 616c 7068 6162 6574 with an alphabet\n+00012160: 6963 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2c20 666f ic character, fo\n+00012170: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 790a 7a65 726f 206f llowed by.zero o\n+00012180: 7220 6d6f 7265 2061 6c70 6861 6e75 6d65 r more alphanume\n+00012190: 7269 6320 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2e20 ric characters. \n+000121a0: 2054 6865 7365 206e 616d 6573 2072 6566 These names ref\n+000121b0: 6572 2074 6f20 656e 7472 6965 7320 696e er to entries in\n+000121c0: 0a74 6865 2047 5255 4220 656e 7669 726f .the GRUB enviro\n+000121d0: 6e6d 656e 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 nment (*note Env\n+000121e0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 ironment::)... \n+000121f0: 2050 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7661 7269 Positional vari\n+00012200: 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2063 6f6e 7369 able names consi\n+00012210: 7374 206f 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 st of one or mor\n+00012220: 6520 6469 6769 7473 2e20 2054 6865 790a e digits. They.\n+00012230: 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 7061 7261 6d65 represent parame\n+00012240: 7465 7273 2070 6173 7365 6420 746f 2066 ters passed to f\n+00012250: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6361 6c6c 732c 2077 unction calls, w\n+00012260: 6974 6820 e280 9824 31e2 8099 2072 6570 ith ...$1... rep\n+00012270: 7265 7365 6e74 696e 670a 7468 6520 6669 resenting.the fi\n+00012280: 7273 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 722c 2061 rst parameter, a\n+00012290: 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 nd so on... Th\n+000122a0: 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 e special variab\n+000122b0: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 e280 983f e280 9920 le name ...?... \n+000122c0: 6578 7061 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 expands to the e\n+000122d0: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 xit status of th\n+000122e0: 6520 6d6f 7374 0a72 6563 656e 746c 7920 e most.recently \n+000122f0: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 executed command\n+00012300: 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e . When position\n+00012310: 616c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 al variable name\n+00012320: 7320 6172 6520 6163 7469 7665 2c0a 6f74 s are active,.ot\n+00012330: 6865 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 her special vari\n+00012340: 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 20e2 8098 40e2 able names ...@.\n+00012350: 8099 2c20 e280 982a e280 9920 616e 6420 .., ...*... and \n+00012360: e280 9823 e280 9920 6172 6520 6465 6669 ...#... are defi\n+00012370: 6e65 6420 616e 6420 7468 6579 0a65 7870 ned and they.exp\n+00012380: 616e 6420 746f 2061 6c6c 2070 6f73 6974 and to all posit\n+00012390: 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 ional parameters\n+000123a0: 2077 6974 6820 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 with necessary \n+000123b0: 7175 6f74 696e 672c 2070 6f73 6974 696f quoting, positio\n+000123c0: 6e61 6c0a 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 nal.parameters w\n+000123d0: 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 2071 756f 7469 ithout any quoti\n+000123e0: 6e67 2c20 616e 6420 706f 7369 7469 6f6e ng, and position\n+000123f0: 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2063 6f75 al parameter cou\n+00012400: 6e74 0a72 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e nt.respectively.\n+00012410: 0a0a 436f 6d6d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ..Comments.=====\n+00012420: 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2077 6f72 6420 6265 6769 ===..A word begi\n+00012430: 6e6e 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 23e2 nning with ...#.\n+00012440: 8099 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6174 2077 .. causes that w\n+00012450: 6f72 6420 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7265 6d61 ord and all rema\n+00012460: 696e 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 ining characters\n+00012470: 0a6f 6e20 7468 6174 206c 696e 6520 746f .on that line to\n+00012480: 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 5369 be ignored...Si\n+00012490: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d mple commands.==\n+000124a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 =============..A\n+000124b0: 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 ...simple comma\n+000124c0: 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 2061 2073 6571 7565 nd... is a seque\n+000124d0: 6e63 6520 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2073 6570 nce of words sep\n+000124e0: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 arated by spaces\n+000124f0: 206f 7220 7461 6273 0a61 6e64 2074 6572 or tabs.and ter\n+00012500: 6d69 6e61 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 656d minated by a sem\n+00012510: 6963 6f6c 6f6e 206f 7220 6120 6e65 776c icolon or a newl\n+00012520: 696e 652e 2020 5468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ine. The first \n+00012530: 776f 7264 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 0a74 word specifies.t\n+00012540: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6265 he command to be\n+00012550: 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 executed. The \n+00012560: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 remaining words \n+00012570: 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 2061 7320 6172 are passed as ar\n+00012580: 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 746f 2074 6865 2069 guments.to the i\n+00012590: 6e76 6f6b 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a nvoked command..\n+000125a0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 . The return v\n+000125b0: 616c 7565 206f 6620 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 alue of a simple\n+000125c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6974 7320 command is its \n+000125d0: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e 2020 4966 exit status. If\n+000125e0: 2074 6865 0a72 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f the.reserved wo\n+000125f0: 7264 20e2 8098 21e2 8099 2070 7265 6365 rd ...!... prece\n+00012600: 6465 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c des the command,\n+00012610: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e then the return\n+00012620: 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 value is instea\n+00012630: 640a 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 6e65 d.the logical ne\n+00012640: 6761 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f gation of the co\n+00012650: 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 mmand's exit sta\n+00012660: 7475 732e 0a0a 436f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 tus...Compound c\n+00012670: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ommands.========\n+00012680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c =========..A ...\n+00012690: 636f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 compound command\n+000126a0: e280 9d20 6973 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 ... is one of th\n+000126b0: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 666f e following:..fo\n+000126c0: 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 6e20 574f 5244 202e r NAME in WORD .\n+000126d0: 2e2e 3b20 646f 204c 4953 543b 2064 6f6e ..; do LIST; don\n+000126e0: 650a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 e. The list \n+000126f0: 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 of words followi\n+00012700: 6e67 20e2 8098 696e e280 9920 6973 2065 ng ...in... is e\n+00012710: 7870 616e 6465 642c 2067 656e 6572 6174 xpanded, generat\n+00012720: 696e 6720 6120 6c69 7374 206f 660a 2020 ing a list of. \n+00012730: 2020 2069 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 2076 items. The v\n+00012740: 6172 6961 626c 6520 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 ariable NAME is \n+00012750: 7365 7420 746f 2065 6163 6820 656c 656d set to each elem\n+00012760: 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6c69 7374 ent of this list\n+00012770: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 7572 6e2c 2061 in. turn, a\n+00012780: 6e64 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 nd LIST is execu\n+00012790: 7465 6420 6561 6368 2074 696d 652e 2020 ted each time. \n+000127a0: 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 The return value\n+000127b0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 0a20 2020 is the exit. \n+000127c0: 2020 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 status of the \n+000127d0: 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6861 last command tha\n+000127e0: 7420 6578 6563 7574 6573 2e20 2049 6620 t executes. If \n+000127f0: 7468 6520 6578 7061 6e73 696f 6e20 6f66 the expansion of\n+00012800: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 7320 the. items \n+00012810: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 e280 9869 6ee2 following ...in.\n+00012820: 8099 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 616e .. results in an\n+00012830: 2065 6d70 7479 206c 6973 742c 206e 6f20 empty list, no \n+00012840: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 0a20 2020 commands are. \n+00012850: 2020 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 616e 6420 executed, and \n+00012860: 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 the return statu\n+00012870: 7320 6973 2030 2e0a 0a69 6620 4c49 5354 s is 0...if LIST\n+00012880: 3b20 7468 656e 204c 4953 543b 205b 656c ; then LIST; [el\n+00012890: 6966 204c 4953 543b 2074 6865 6e20 4c49 if LIST; then LI\n+000128a0: 5354 3b5d 202e 2e2e 205b 656c 7365 204c ST;] ... [else L\n+000128b0: 4953 543b 5d20 6669 0a20 2020 2020 5468 IST;] fi. Th\n+000128c0: 6520 e280 9869 66e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 e ...if... LIST \n+000128d0: 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2077 6865 is executed, whe\n+000128e0: 7265 204c 4953 5420 6973 2061 2073 6572 re LIST is a ser\n+000128f0: 6965 7320 6f66 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 ies of ...simple\n+00012900: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d . command...\n+00012910: 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 s separated by a\n+00012920: 2022 3b22 2e20 2049 6620 6974 7320 6578 \";\". If its ex\n+00012930: 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 it status of the\n+00012940: 206c 6173 740a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 last. comma\n+00012950: 6e64 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 nd is zero, the \n+00012960: e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 ...then... LIST \n+00012970: 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 4f74 is executed. Ot\n+00012980: 6865 7277 6973 652c 2065 6163 680a 2020 herwise, each. \n+00012990: 2020 20e2 8098 656c 6966 e280 9920 4c49 ...elif... LI\n+000129a0: 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 ST is executed i\n+000129b0: 6e20 7475 726e 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2069 n turn, and if i\n+000129c0: 7473 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 ts last command'\n+000129d0: 7320 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 s exit. stat\n+000129e0: 7573 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 us is zero, the \n+000129f0: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e280 corresponding ..\n+00012a00: 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 .then... LIST is\n+00012a10: 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 7468 executed and th\n+00012a20: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 e. command c\n+00012a30: 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 2e20 204f 7468 6572 ompletes. Other\n+00012a40: 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9865 6c73 wise, the ...els\n+00012a50: 65e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 e... LIST is exe\n+00012a60: 6375 7465 642c 2069 660a 2020 2020 2070 cuted, if. p\n+00012a70: 7265 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 resent. The exi\n+00012a80: 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7468 6520 t status is the \n+00012a90: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 exit status of t\n+00012aa0: 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a he last command.\n+00012ab0: 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 206f executed, o\n+00012ac0: 7220 7a65 726f 2069 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e r zero if no con\n+00012ad0: 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 6573 7465 6420 7472 dition tested tr\n+00012ae0: 7565 2e0a 0a77 6869 6c65 2043 4f4e 443b ue...while COND;\n+00012af0: 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a75 do LIST; done.u\n+00012b00: 6e74 696c 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 ntil COND; do LI\n+00012b10: 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ST; done. Th\n+00012b20: 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f e ...while... co\n+00012b30: 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6e74 696e 756f 7573 mmand continuous\n+00012b40: 6c79 2065 7865 6375 7465 7320 7468 6520 ly executes the \n+00012b50: e280 9864 6fe2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6173 ...do... LIST as\n+00012b60: 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 0a20 2020 2020 7468 long as. th\n+00012b70: 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 e last command i\n+00012b80: 6e20 434f 4e44 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2061 n COND returns a\n+00012b90: 6e20 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 n exit status of\n+00012ba0: 207a 6572 6f2c 2077 6865 7265 2043 4f4e zero, where CON\n+00012bb0: 440a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 D. is a list\n+00012bc0: 206f 6620 e280 9c73 696d 706c 6520 636f of ...simple co\n+00012bd0: 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 mmand...s separa\n+00012be0: 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2054 ted by a \";\". T\n+00012bf0: 6865 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 0a20 he ...until.... \n+00012c00: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2069 command is i\n+00012c10: 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2074 6f20 7468 6520 dentical to the \n+00012c20: e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d ...while... comm\n+00012c30: 616e 642c 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 6174 and, except that\n+00012c40: 2074 6865 2074 6573 740a 2020 2020 2069 the test. i\n+00012c50: 7320 6e65 6761 7465 643b 2074 6865 20e2 s negated; the .\n+00012c60: 8098 646f e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 ..do... LIST is \n+00012c70: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 executed as long\n+00012c80: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d as the last com\n+00012c90: 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2043 4f4e mand. in CON\n+00012ca0: 4420 7265 7475 726e 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d D returns a non-\n+00012cb0: 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 zero exit status\n+00012cc0: 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 . The exit stat\n+00012cd0: 7573 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 us of the. .\n+00012ce0: 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 ..while... and .\n+00012cf0: 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 ..until... comma\n+00012d00: 6e64 7320 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 nds is the exit \n+00012d10: 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 status of the la\n+00012d20: 7374 20e2 8098 646f e280 990a 2020 2020 st ...do.... \n+00012d30: 204c 4953 5420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 LIST command ex\n+00012d40: 6563 7574 6564 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 ecuted, or zero \n+00012d50: 6966 206e 6f6e 6520 7761 7320 6578 6563 if none was exec\n+00012d60: 7574 6564 2e0a 0a66 756e 6374 696f 6e20 uted...function \n+00012d70: 4e41 4d45 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 NAME { COMMAND; \n+00012d80: 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 ... }. This \n+00012d90: 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 6675 6e63 7469 defines a functi\n+00012da0: 6f6e 206e 616d 6564 204e 414d 452e 2020 on named NAME. \n+00012db0: 5468 6520 e280 9c62 6f64 79e2 809d 206f The ...body... o\n+00012dc0: 6620 7468 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 f the function i\n+00012dd0: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 s. the list \n+00012de0: 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 7468 of commands with\n+00012df0: 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c 2065 6163 6820 in braces, each \n+00012e00: 6f66 2077 6869 6368 206d 7573 7420 6265 of which must be\n+00012e10: 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 6174 6564 . terminated\n+00012e20: 2077 6974 6820 6120 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f with a semicolo\n+00012e30: 6e20 6f72 2061 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 n or a newline. \n+00012e40: 2054 6869 7320 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f This list of co\n+00012e50: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c mmands. will\n+00012e60: 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 6564 2077 6865 be executed whe\n+00012e70: 6e65 7665 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7370 never NAME is sp\n+00012e80: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2074 6865 206e ecified as the n\n+00012e90: 616d 6520 6f66 2061 2073 696d 706c 650a ame of a simple.\n+00012ea0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 command. F\n+00012eb0: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6465 6669 6e69 7469 unction definiti\n+00012ec0: 6f6e 7320 646f 206e 6f74 2061 6666 6563 ons do not affec\n+00012ed0: 7420 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 t the exit statu\n+00012ee0: 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 3fe2 s in. ...$?.\n+00012ef0: 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 6578 6563 7574 ... When execut\n+00012f00: 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 ed, the exit sta\n+00012f10: 7475 7320 6f66 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f tus of a functio\n+00012f20: 6e20 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 740a 2020 n is the exit. \n+00012f30: 2020 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 status of the\n+00012f40: 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 last command ex\n+00012f50: 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f ecuted in the bo\n+00012f60: 6479 2e0a 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 dy...menuentry T\n+00012f70: 4954 4c45 205b e280 982d 2d63 6c61 7373 ITLE [...--class\n+00012f80: 3d63 6c61 7373 e280 9920 2e2e 2e5d 205b =class... ...] [\n+00012f90: e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 ...--users=users\n+00012fa0: e280 995d 205b e280 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 ...] [...--unres\n+00012fb0: 7472 6963 7465 64e2 8099 5d20 5be2 8098 tricted...] [...\n+00012fc0: 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 e280 995d --hotkey=key...]\n+00012fd0: 205b e280 982d 2d69 643d 6964 e280 995d [...--id=id...]\n+00012fe0: 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 { COMMAND; ... \n+00012ff0: 7d0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 206d 656e }. *Note men\n+00013000: 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 7569 6c74 uentry::...Built\n+00013010: 2d69 6e20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d -in Commands.===\n+00013020: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00013030: 536f 6d65 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 636f Some built-in co\n+00013040: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 mmands are also \n+00013050: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 provided by GRUB\n+00013060: 2073 6372 6970 7420 746f 2068 656c 7020 script to help \n+00013070: 7363 7269 7074 0a77 7269 7465 7273 2070 script.writers p\n+00013080: 6572 666f 726d 2061 6374 696f 6e73 2074 erform actions t\n+00013090: 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f74 6865 7277 6973 hat are otherwis\n+000130a0: 6520 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2e20 e not possible. \n+000130b0: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 7468 For example,.th\n+000130c0: 6573 6520 696e 636c 7564 6520 636f 6d6d ese include comm\n+000130d0: 616e 6473 2074 6f20 6a75 6d70 206f 7574 ands to jump out\n+000130e0: 206f 6620 6120 6c6f 6f70 2077 6974 686f of a loop witho\n+000130f0: 7574 2066 756c 6c79 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 ut fully complet\n+00013100: 696e 670a 6974 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a 6272 ing.it, etc...br\n+00013110: 6561 6b20 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 eak [...n...]. \n+00013120: 2020 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 Exit from wit\n+00013130: 6869 6e20 6120 e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c hin a ...for...,\n+00013140: 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 6f72 ...while..., or\n+00013150: 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f ...until... loo\n+00013160: 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 p. If ...n... i\n+00013170: 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 s. specified\n+00013180: 2c20 6272 6561 6b20 e280 986e e280 9920 , break ...n... \n+00013190: 6c65 7665 6c73 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 levels. ...n...\n+000131a0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 must be greater\n+000131b0: 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 than or equal t\n+000131c0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2031 2e20 2049 6620 e280 o. 1. If ..\n+000131d0: 986e e280 9920 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 .n... is greater\n+000131e0: 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 than the number\n+000131f0: 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f of enclosing lo\n+00013200: 6f70 732c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 656e ops, all. en\n+00013210: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 closing loops ar\n+00013220: 6520 6578 6974 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2072 e exited. The r\n+00013230: 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2030 eturn value is 0\n+00013240: 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 986e e280 9920 unless ...n... \n+00013250: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6772 6561 is. not grea\n+00013260: 7465 7220 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 ter than or equa\n+00013270: 6c20 746f 2031 2e0a 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 l to 1...continu\n+00013280: 6520 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 e [...n...]. \n+00013290: 2052 6573 756d 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7874 Resume the next\n+000132a0: 2069 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 iteration of th\n+000132b0: 6520 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 e280 9866 e enclosing ...f\n+000132c0: 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 or..., ...while.\n+000132d0: 8099 206f 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 756e .. or. ...un\n+000132e0: 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 til... loop. If\n+000132f0: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 7370 6563 ...n... is spec\n+00013300: 6966 6965 642c 2072 6573 756d 6520 6174 ified, resume at\n+00013310: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 7468 2065 the ...n...th e\n+00013320: 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f nclosing. lo\n+00013330: 6f70 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 op. ...n... mus\n+00013340: 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 t be greater tha\n+00013350: 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e n or equal to 1.\n+00013360: 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 If ...n... is \n+00013370: 6772 6561 7465 720a 2020 2020 2074 6861 greater. tha\n+00013380: 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 n the number of \n+00013390: 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c enclosing loops,\n+000133a0: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 656e 636c 6f73 the last enclos\n+000133b0: 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 2028 7468 650a 2020 ing loop (the. \n+000133c0: 2020 20e2 809c 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6ce2 ...top-level.\n+000133d0: 809d 206c 6f6f 7029 2069 7320 7265 7375 .. loop) is resu\n+000133e0: 6d65 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e med. The return\n+000133f0: 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 3020 756e 6c65 value is 0 unle\n+00013400: 7373 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 ss ...n... is. \n+00013410: 2020 206e 6f74 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 not greater t\n+00013420: 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 han or equal to \n+00013430: 312e 0a0a 7265 7475 726e 205b e280 986e 1...return [...n\n+00013440: e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 4361 7573 6573 ...]. Causes\n+00013450: 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2065 a function to e\n+00013460: 7869 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 6574 xit with the ret\n+00013470: 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 7370 6563 6966 urn value specif\n+00013480: 6965 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2e0a ied by ...n.....\n+00013490: 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 If ...n... \n+000134a0: 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 6520 is omitted, the \n+000134b0: 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 return status is\n+000134c0: 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 that of the las\n+000134d0: 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 t command. e\n+000134e0: 7865 6375 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 xecuted in the f\n+000134f0: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 626f 6479 2e20 2049 unction body. I\n+00013500: 6620 7573 6564 206f 7574 7369 6465 2061 f used outside a\n+00013510: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 function the. \n+00013520: 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7374 6174 7573 return status\n+00013530: 2069 7320 6661 6c73 652e 0a0a 7365 7470 is false...setp\n+00013540: 6172 616d 7320 5be2 8098 6172 67e2 8099 arams [...arg...\n+00013550: 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6570 6c61 ] .... Repla\n+00013560: 6365 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 ce positional pa\n+00013570: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2073 7461 7274 696e rameters startin\n+00013580: 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2431 e280 9920 g with ...$1... \n+00013590: 7769 7468 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 with arguments t\n+000135a0: 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6172 o. ...setpar\n+000135b0: 616d 73e2 8099 2e0a 0a73 6869 6674 205b ams......shift [\n+000135c0: e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ...n...]. Th\n+000135d0: 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 e positional par\n+000135e0: 616d 6574 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 ameters from ...\n+000135f0: 6ee2 8099 2b31 202e 2e2e 2061 7265 2072 n...+1 ... are r\n+00013600: 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 e280 9824 31e2 enamed to ...$1.\n+00013610: 8099 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5061 7261 ....... Para\n+00013620: 6d65 7465 7273 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 meters represent\n+00013630: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 ed by the number\n+00013640: 7320 e280 9824 23e2 8099 2064 6f77 6e20 s ...$#... down \n+00013650: 746f 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992d e280 986e to ...$#...-...n\n+00013660: e280 992b 3120 6172 650a 2020 2020 2075 ...+1 are. u\n+00013670: 6e73 6574 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d nset. ...n... m\n+00013680: 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6e 6567 ust be a non-neg\n+00013690: 6174 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206c 6573 ative number les\n+000136a0: 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 s than or equal \n+000136b0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 23e2 8099 to. ...$#...\n+000136c0: 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 . If ...n... is\n+000136d0: 2030 2c20 6e6f 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 0, no parameter\n+000136e0: 7320 6172 6520 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 s are changed. \n+000136f0: 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6e6f If ...n... is no\n+00013700: 740a 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 t. given, it\n+00013710: 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 is assumed to b\n+00013720: 6520 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 e 1. If ...n...\n+00013730: 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e is greater than\n+00013740: 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992c 2074 6865 0a20 ...$#..., the. \n+00013750: 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 positional p\n+00013760: 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6e6f arameters are no\n+00013770: 7420 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 5468 6520 t changed. The \n+00013780: 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 return status is\n+00013790: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 . greater th\n+000137a0: 616e 207a 6572 6f20 6966 20e2 8098 6ee2 an zero if ...n.\n+000137b0: 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 .. is greater th\n+000137c0: 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 9920 6f72 206c an ...$#... or l\n+000137d0: 6573 7320 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f3b 0a20 ess than zero;. \n+000137e0: 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 302e otherwise 0.\n+000137f0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00013800: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5368 656c nfo, Node: Shel\n+00013810: 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 l-like scripting\n+00013820: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a -Footnotes, Up:\n+00013830: 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 Shell-like scri\n+00013840: 7074 696e 670a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 pting.. (1) Cu\n+00013850: 7272 656e 746c 7920 6120 6261 636b 736c rrently a backsl\n+00013860: 6173 682d 6e65 776c 696e 6520 7061 6972 ash-newline pair\n+00013870: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 7661 7269 6162 within a variab\n+00013880: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6973 206e 6f74 0a68 le name is not.h\n+00013890: 616e 646c 6564 2070 726f 7065 726c 792c andled properly,\n+000138a0: 2073 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6973 2066 6561 so use this fea\n+000138b0: 7475 7265 2077 6974 6820 736f 6d65 2063 ture with some c\n+000138c0: 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 are.....File: gr\n+000138d0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000138e0: 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 Multi-boot manua\n+000138f0: 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a l config, Next:\n+00013900: 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 Embedded config\n+00013910: 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 uration, Prev: \n+00013920: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n+00013930: 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 ting, Up: Confi\n+00013940: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3420 4d75 guration..6.4 Mu\n+00013950: 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 lti-boot manual \n+00013960: 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d config.=========\n 00013970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00013980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 =========..Curre\n-00013990: 6e74 6c79 2061 7574 6f67 656e 6572 6174 ntly autogenerat\n-000139a0: 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6573 ing config files\n-000139b0: 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 for multi-boot \n-000139c0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 0a64 6570 environments.dep\n-000139d0: 656e 6473 206f 6e20 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 ends on os-probe\n-000139e0: 7220 616e 6420 6861 7320 7365 7665 7261 r and has severa\n-000139f0: 6c20 7368 6f72 7463 6f6d 696e 6773 2e20 l shortcomings. \n-00013a00: 2044 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 Due to that it \n-00013a10: 6973 0a64 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 is.disabled by d\n-00013a20: 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2061 efault. It is a\n-00013a30: 6476 6973 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 dvised to use th\n-00013a40: 6520 706f 7765 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 e power of GRUB \n-00013a50: 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 0a64 6f20 6974 syntax and.do it\n-00013a60: 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662e 2020 4120 706f yourself. A po\n-00013a70: 7373 6962 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ssible configura\n-00013a80: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6465 7461 696c 6564 tion is detailed\n-00013a90: 2068 6572 652c 2066 6565 6c20 6672 6565 here, feel free\n-00013aa0: 2074 6f0a 6164 6a75 7374 2074 6f20 796f to.adjust to yo\n-00013ab0: 7572 206e 6565 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 ur needs... Fi\n-00013ac0: 7273 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 2073 6570 rst create a sep\n-00013ad0: 6172 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 arate GRUB parti\n-00013ae0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6269 6720 656e 6f75 6768 tion, big enough\n-00013af0: 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2047 5255 422e 2053 to hold GRUB. S\n-00013b00: 6f6d 650a 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ome.of the follo\n-00013b10: 7769 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2073 686f wing entries sho\n-00013b20: 7720 686f 7720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 4f53 w how to load OS\n-00013b30: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2069 6d61 6765 installer image\n-00013b40: 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 730a 7361 6d65 s from this.same\n-00013b50: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 666f 7220 partition, for \n-00013b60: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206f 6276 696f 7573 that you obvious\n-00013b70: 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 ly need to make \n-00013b80: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6c61 the partition la\n-00013b90: 7267 650a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f rge.enough to ho\n-00013ba0: 6c64 2074 686f 7365 2069 6d61 6765 7320 ld those images \n-00013bb0: 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 as well. Mount \n-00013bc0: 7468 6973 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f this partition o\n-00013bd0: 6e2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 0a61 6e64 2064 n/mnt/boot.and d\n-00013be0: 6973 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 696e 2061 isable GRUB in a\n-00013bf0: 6c6c 204f 5365 7320 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 ll OSes and manu\n-00013c00: 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2073 656c ally install sel\n-00013c10: 662d 636f 6d70 696c 6564 206c 6174 6573 f-compiled lates\n-00013c20: 740a 4752 5542 2077 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 t.GRUB with:.. \n-00013c30: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n-00013c40: 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 --boot-director\n-00013c50: 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 y=/mnt/boot /dev\n-00013c60: 2f73 6461 e280 990a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 /sda..... In a\n-00013c70: 6c6c 2074 6865 204f 5365 7320 696e 7374 ll the OSes inst\n-00013c80: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2062 all GRUB tools b\n-00013c90: 7574 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 ut disable insta\n-00013ca0: 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e0a 626f lling GRUB in.bo\n-00013cb0: 6f74 7365 6374 6f72 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 otsector, so you\n-00013cc0: 276c 6c20 6861 7665 206d 656e 752e 6c73 'll have menu.ls\n-00013cd0: 7420 616e 6420 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2061 t and grub.cfg a\n-00013ce0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 vailable for use\n-00013cf0: 2e0a 416c 736f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 206f ..Also disable o\n-00013d00: 732d 7072 6f62 6572 2075 7365 2062 7920 s-prober use by \n-00013d10: 7365 7474 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 setting:.. ...\n-00013d20: 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f GRUB_DISABLE_OS_\n-00013d30: 5052 4f42 4552 3d74 7275 65e2 8099 0a0a PROBER=true.....\n-00013d40: 2020 2069 6e20 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 in /etc/defau\n-00013d50: 6c74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 5468 656e lt/grub.. Then\n-00013d60: 2077 7269 7465 2061 2067 7275 622e 6366 write a grub.cf\n-00013d70: 6720 282f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 g (/mnt/boot/gru\n-00013d80: 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 293a 0a0a 0a20 b/grub.cfg):... \n-00013d90: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f menuentry \"O\n-00013da0: 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 3222 207b S using grub2\" {\n-00013db0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 . insmod \n-00013dc0: 7866 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 xfs. sear\n-00013dd0: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n-00013de0: 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3120 2d2d 6869 6e74 label OS1 --hint\n-00013df0: 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 380a 2020 2020 hd0,msdos8. \n-00013e00: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f configfile /\n-00013e10: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n-00013e20: 6667 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 fg. }.. \n-00013e30: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 menuentry \"OS us\n-00013e40: 696e 6720 6772 7562 322d 6c65 6761 6379 ing grub2-legacy\n-00013e50: 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d \" {. insm\n-00013e60: 6f64 2065 7874 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 od ext2. \n-00013e70: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n-00013e80: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3220 2d2d t --label OS2 --\n-00013e90: 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 360a hint hd0,msdos6.\n-00013ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 legacy_c\n-00013eb0: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f onfigfile /boot/\n-00013ec0: 6772 7562 2f6d 656e 752e 6c73 740a 2020 grub/menu.lst. \n-00013ed0: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 }.. menue\n-00013ee0: 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 5850 ntry \"Windows XP\n-00013ef0: 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d \" {. insm\n-00013f00: 6f64 206e 7466 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 od ntfs. \n-00013f10: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n-00013f20: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 5749 4e44 4f57 t --label WINDOW\n-00013f30: 535f 5850 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c S_XP --hint hd0,\n-00013f40: 6d73 646f 7331 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e msdos1. n\n-00013f50: 746c 6472 202f 6e74 6c64 720a 2020 2020 tldr /ntldr. \n-00013f60: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n-00013f70: 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 3722 207b ry \"Windows 7\" {\n-00013f80: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 . insmod \n-00013f90: 6e74 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 ntfs. sea\n-00013fa0: 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d rch --set=root -\n-00013fb0: 2d6c 6162 656c 2057 494e 444f 5753 5f37 -label WINDOWS_7\n-00013fc0: 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f --hint hd0,msdo\n-00013fd0: 7332 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 s2. ntldr\n-00013fe0: 202f 626f 6f74 6d67 720a 2020 2020 207d /bootmgr. }\n-00013ff0: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n-00014000: 2022 4672 6565 4253 4422 207b 0a20 2020 \"FreeBSD\" {. \n-00014010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d insm\n-00014020: 6f64 207a 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 od zfs. \n-00014030: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 search --s\n-00014040: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 et=root --label \n-00014050: 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 202d 2d68 696e 7420 freepool --hint \n-00014060: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7337 0a20 2020 2020 hd0,msdos7. \n-00014070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b66 7265 6562 kfreeb\n-00014080: 7364 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f sd /freebsd@/boo\n-00014090: 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a t/kernel/kernel.\n-000140a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b k\n-000140b0: 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 freebsd_module_e\n-000140c0: 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f lf /freebsd@/boo\n-000140d0: 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f6f 7065 6e73 6f6c t/kernel/opensol\n-000140e0: 6172 6973 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 aris.ko. \n-000140f0: 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f kfreebsd_\n-00014100: 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 module_elf /free\n-00014110: 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c bsd@/boot/kernel\n-00014120: 2f7a 6673 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 /zfs.ko. \n-00014130: 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f kfreebsd_\n-00014140: 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 module /freebsd@\n-00014150: 2f62 6f6f 742f 7a66 732f 7a70 6f6f 6c2e /boot/zfs/zpool.\n-00014160: 6361 6368 6520 7479 7065 3d2f 626f 6f74 cache type=/boot\n-00014170: 2f7a 6673 2f7a 706f 6f6c 2e63 6163 6865 /zfs/zpool.cache\n-00014180: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00014190: 7365 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e76 6673 set kFreeBSD.vfs\n-000141a0: 2e72 6f6f 742e 6d6f 756e 7466 726f 6d3d .root.mountfrom=\n-000141b0: 7a66 733a 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 2f66 7265 zfs:freepool/fre\n-000141c0: 6562 7364 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ebsd. \n-000141d0: 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 set kFreeBSD\n-000141e0: 2e68 772e 7073 6d2e 7379 6e61 7074 6963 .hw.psm.synaptic\n-000141f0: 735f 7375 7070 6f72 743d 310a 2020 2020 s_support=1. \n-00014200: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n-00014210: 7279 2022 6578 7065 7269 6d65 6e74 616c ry \"experimental\n-00014220: 2047 5255 4222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 GRUB\" {. \n-00014230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d search -\n-00014240: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 -set=root --labe\n-00014250: 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 l GRUB --hint hd\n-00014260: 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 0,msdos5. \n-00014270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f multiboo\n-00014280: 7420 2f65 7870 6572 696d 656e 7461 6c2f t /experimental/\n-00014290: 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 2f63 6f72 grub/i386-pc/cor\n-000142a0: 652e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 e.img. }.. \n-000142b0: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 menuentry \"Fe\n-000142c0: 646f 7261 2031 3620 696e 7374 616c 6c65 dora 16 installe\n-000142d0: 7222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r\" {. \n-000142e0: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 search --set\n-000142f0: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 =root --label GR\n-00014300: 5542 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 UB --hint hd0,ms\n-00014310: 646f 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dos5. \n-00014320: 2020 2020 6c69 6e75 7820 2f66 6564 6f72 linux /fedor\n-00014330: 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 6c61 6e67 3d65 a/vmlinuz lang=e\n-00014340: 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 n_US keymap=sg r\n-00014350: 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 esolution=1280x8\n-00014360: 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 00. \n-00014370: 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 initrd /fedora\n-00014380: 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 /initrd.img. \n-00014390: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n-000143a0: 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 2072 6177 6869 ry \"Fedora rawhi\n-000143b0: 6465 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a de installer\" {.\n-000143c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-000143d0: 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 earch --set=root\n-000143e0: 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d --label GRUB --\n-000143f0: 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a hint hd0,msdos5.\n-00014400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c l\n-00014410: 696e 7578 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f76 6d6c inux /fedora/vml\n-00014420: 696e 757a 2072 6570 6f3d 6674 703a 2f2f inuz repo=ftp://\n-00014430: 6d69 7272 6f72 2e73 7769 7463 682e 6368 mirror.switch.ch\n-00014440: 2f6d 6972 726f 722f 6665 646f 7261 2f6c /mirror/fedora/l\n-00014450: 696e 7578 2f64 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 inux/development\n-00014460: 2f72 6177 6869 6465 2f78 3836 5f36 3420 /rawhide/x86_64 \n-00014470: 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 lang=en_US keyma\n-00014480: 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d p=sg resolution=\n-00014490: 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 1280x800. \n-000144a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f initrd /\n-000144b0: 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d fedora/initrd.im\n-000144c0: 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d g. }.. m\n-000144d0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4465 6269 616e enuentry \"Debian\n-000144e0: 2073 6964 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 sid installer\" \n-000144f0: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n-00014500: 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f search --set=ro\n-00014510: 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 ot --label GRUB \n-00014520: 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 --hint hd0,msdos\n-00014530: 350a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5. \n-00014540: 206c 696e 7578 202f 6465 6269 616e 2f64 linux /debian/d\n-00014550: 6973 7473 2f73 6964 2f6d 6169 6e2f 696e ists/sid/main/in\n-00014560: 7374 616c 6c65 722d 616d 6436 342f 6375 staller-amd64/cu\n-00014570: 7272 656e 742f 696d 6167 6573 2f68 642d rrent/images/hd-\n-00014580: 6d65 6469 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 media/vmlinuz. \n-00014590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 ini\n-000145a0: 7472 6420 2f64 6562 6961 6e2f 6469 7374 trd /debian/dist\n-000145b0: 732f 7369 642f 6d61 696e 2f69 6e73 7461 s/sid/main/insta\n-000145c0: 6c6c 6572 2d61 6d64 3634 2f63 7572 7265 ller-amd64/curre\n-000145d0: 6e74 2f69 6d61 6765 732f 6864 2d6d 6564 nt/images/hd-med\n-000145e0: 6961 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a 0a20 2020 ia/initrd.gz. \n-000145f0: 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 7465 733a 0a20 }.. Notes:. \n-00014600: 2020 e280 a220 4172 6775 6d65 6e74 2074 ... Argument t\n-00014610: 6f20 7365 6172 6368 2061 6674 6572 202d o search after -\n-00014620: 6c61 6265 6c20 6973 2046 5320 4c41 4245 label is FS LABE\n-00014630: 4c2e 2059 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 L. You can also \n-00014640: 7573 6520 5555 4944 730a 2020 2020 2077 use UUIDs. w\n-00014650: 6974 6820 2d66 732d 7575 6964 2055 5549 ith -fs-uuid UUI\n-00014660: 4420 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 202d 6c61 D instead of -la\n-00014670: 6265 6c20 4c41 4245 4c2e 2059 6f75 2063 bel LABEL. You c\n-00014680: 6f75 6c64 2061 6c73 6f20 7573 650a 2020 ould also use. \n-00014690: 2020 2064 6972 6563 7420 e280 9872 6f6f direct ...roo\n-000146a0: 743d 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7358 e280 9920 t=hd0,msdosX... \n-000146b0: 6275 7420 7468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 but this is not \n-000146c0: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6475 6520 recommended due \n-000146d0: 746f 2064 6576 6963 650a 2020 2020 206e to device. n\n-000146e0: 616d 6520 696e 7374 6162 696c 6974 792e ame instability.\n-000146f0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00014700: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 456d 6265 nfo, Node: Embe\n-00014710: 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 dded configurati\n-00014720: 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 756c 7469 on, Prev: Multi\n-00014730: 2d62 6f6f 7420 6d61 6e75 616c 2063 6f6e -boot manual con\n-00014740: 6669 672c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 fig, Up: Config\n-00014750: 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 0a36 2e35 2045 6d62 uration..6.5 Emb\n-00014760: 6564 6469 6e67 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 edding a configu\n-00014770: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 696e 746f ration file into\n-00014780: 2047 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d GRUB.==========\n+00013980: 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 ===..Currently a\n+00013990: 7574 6f67 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 636f utogenerating co\n+000139a0: 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6573 2066 6f72 206d nfig files for m\n+000139b0: 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 726f ulti-boot enviro\n+000139c0: 6e6d 656e 7473 0a64 6570 656e 6473 206f nments.depends o\n+000139d0: 6e20 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 616e 6420 n os-prober and \n+000139e0: 6861 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 7368 6f72 has several shor\n+000139f0: 7463 6f6d 696e 6773 2e20 2044 7565 2074 tcomings. Due t\n+00013a00: 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 0a64 6973 o that it is.dis\n+00013a10: 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 abled by default\n+00013a20: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2061 6476 6973 6564 . It is advised\n+00013a30: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 706f 7765 to use the powe\n+00013a40: 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 7379 6e74 6178 r of GRUB syntax\n+00013a50: 2061 6e64 0a64 6f20 6974 2079 6f75 7273 and.do it yours\n+00013a60: 656c 662e 2020 4120 706f 7373 6962 6c65 elf. A possible\n+00013a70: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2069 configuration i\n+00013a80: 7320 6465 7461 696c 6564 2068 6572 652c s detailed here,\n+00013a90: 2066 6565 6c20 6672 6565 2074 6f0a 6164 feel free to.ad\n+00013aa0: 6a75 7374 2074 6f20 796f 7572 206e 6565 just to your nee\n+00013ab0: 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 7273 7420 6372 ds... First cr\n+00013ac0: 6561 7465 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 eate a separate \n+00013ad0: 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 GRUB partition, \n+00013ae0: 6269 6720 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f big enough to ho\n+00013af0: 6c64 2047 5255 422e 2053 6f6d 650a 6f66 ld GRUB. Some.of\n+00013b00: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 the following e\n+00013b10: 6e74 7269 6573 2073 686f 7720 686f 7720 ntries show how \n+00013b20: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 to load OS insta\n+00013b30: 6c6c 6572 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6672 6f6d ller images from\n+00013b40: 2074 6869 730a 7361 6d65 2070 6172 7469 this.same parti\n+00013b50: 7469 6f6e 2c20 666f 7220 7468 6174 2079 tion, for that y\n+00013b60: 6f75 206f 6276 696f 7573 6c79 206e 6565 ou obviously nee\n+00013b70: 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 d to make the pa\n+00013b80: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6c61 7267 650a 656e rtition large.en\n+00013b90: 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2074 686f ough to hold tho\n+00013ba0: 7365 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6173 2077 656c se images as wel\n+00013bb0: 6c2e 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 7468 6973 2070 l. Mount this p\n+00013bc0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6e2f 6d6e 742f artition on/mnt/\n+00013bd0: 626f 6f74 0a61 6e64 2064 6973 6162 6c65 boot.and disable\n+00013be0: 2047 5255 4220 696e 2061 6c6c 204f 5365 GRUB in all OSe\n+00013bf0: 7320 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 s and manually i\n+00013c00: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2073 656c 662d 636f 6d70 nstall self-comp\n+00013c10: 696c 6564 206c 6174 6573 740a 4752 5542 iled latest.GRUB\n+00013c20: 2077 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 with:.. ...gr\n+00013c30: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f ub-install --boo\n+00013c40: 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 t-directory=/mnt\n+00013c50: 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 e280 /boot /dev/sda..\n+00013c60: 990a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 ... In all the\n+00013c70: 204f 5365 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 OSes install GR\n+00013c80: 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2062 7574 2064 6973 UB tools but dis\n+00013c90: 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 able installing \n+00013ca0: 4752 5542 2069 6e0a 626f 6f74 7365 6374 GRUB in.bootsect\n+00013cb0: 6f72 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 6861 or, so you'll ha\n+00013cc0: 7665 206d 656e 752e 6c73 7420 616e 6420 ve menu.lst and \n+00013cd0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2061 7661 696c 6162 grub.cfg availab\n+00013ce0: 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2e0a 416c 736f le for use..Also\n+00013cf0: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 206f 732d 7072 6f62 disable os-prob\n+00013d00: 6572 2075 7365 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e er use by settin\n+00013d10: 673a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 g:.. ...GRUB_D\n+00013d20: 4953 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 ISABLE_OS_PROBER\n+00013d30: 3d74 7275 65e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2069 6e20 =true..... in \n+00013d40: 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 /etc/default/gru\n+00013d50: 620a 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2077 7269 7465 b.. Then write\n+00013d60: 2061 2067 7275 622e 6366 6720 282f 6d6e a grub.cfg (/mn\n+00013d70: 742f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 t/boot/grub/grub\n+00013d80: 2e63 6667 293a 0a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 .cfg):... me\n+00013d90: 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e nuentry \"OS usin\n+00013da0: 6720 6772 7562 3222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 g grub2\" {. \n+00013db0: 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7866 730a 2020 insmod xfs. \n+00013dc0: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 search --s\n+00013dd0: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 et=root --label \n+00013de0: 4f53 3120 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d OS1 --hint hd0,m\n+00013df0: 7364 6f73 380a 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f sdos8. co\n+00013e00: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 nfigfile /boot/g\n+00013e10: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 rub/grub.cfg. \n+00013e20: 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e }.. menuen\n+00013e30: 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 try \"OS using gr\n+00013e40: 7562 322d 6c65 6761 6379 2220 7b0a 2020 ub2-legacy\" {. \n+00013e50: 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2065 7874 insmod ext\n+00013e60: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 2. search\n+00013e70: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 --set=root --la\n+00013e80: 6265 6c20 4f53 3220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 bel OS2 --hint h\n+00013e90: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 360a 2020 2020 2020 d0,msdos6. \n+00013ea0: 2020 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 legacy_configf\n+00013eb0: 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6d ile /boot/grub/m\n+00013ec0: 656e 752e 6c73 740a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a enu.lst. }..\n+00013ed0: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n+00013ee0: 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 5850 2220 7b0a 2020 Windows XP\" {. \n+00013ef0: 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e 7466 insmod ntf\n+00013f00: 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 s. search\n+00013f10: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 --set=root --la\n+00013f20: 6265 6c20 5749 4e44 4f57 535f 5850 202d bel WINDOWS_XP -\n+00013f30: 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 -hint hd0,msdos1\n+00013f40: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f . ntldr /\n+00013f50: 6e74 6c64 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 ntldr. }.. \n+00013f60: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 menuentry \"Wi\n+00013f70: 6e64 6f77 7320 3722 207b 0a20 2020 2020 ndows 7\" {. \n+00013f80: 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a20 insmod ntfs. \n+00013f90: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d search --\n+00013fa0: 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c set=root --label\n+00013fb0: 2057 494e 444f 5753 5f37 202d 2d68 696e WINDOWS_7 --hin\n+00013fc0: 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 0a20 2020 t hd0,msdos2. \n+00013fd0: 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 626f 6f74 ntldr /boot\n+00013fe0: 6d67 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 mgr. }.. \n+00013ff0: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4672 6565 menuentry \"Free\n+00014000: 4253 4422 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD\" {. \n+00014010: 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 207a 6673 insmod zfs\n+00014020: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00014030: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n+00014040: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 6672 6565 706f t --label freepo\n+00014050: 6f6c 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 ol --hint hd0,ms\n+00014060: 646f 7337 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dos7. \n+00014070: 2020 2020 6b66 7265 6562 7364 202f 6672 kfreebsd /fr\n+00014080: 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e eebsd@/boot/kern\n+00014090: 656c 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 el/kernel. \n+000140a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 kfreebs\n+000140b0: 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 d_module_elf /fr\n+000140c0: 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e eebsd@/boot/kern\n+000140d0: 656c 2f6f 7065 6e73 6f6c 6172 6973 2e6b el/opensolaris.k\n+000140e0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n+000140f0: 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 kfreebsd_module\n+00014100: 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 _elf /freebsd@/b\n+00014110: 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f7a 6673 2e6b oot/kernel/zfs.k\n+00014120: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n+00014130: 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 kfreebsd_module\n+00014140: 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f /freebsd@/boot/\n+00014150: 7a66 732f 7a70 6f6f 6c2e 6361 6368 6520 zfs/zpool.cache \n+00014160: 7479 7065 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f7a 6673 2f7a type=/boot/zfs/z\n+00014170: 706f 6f6c 2e63 6163 6865 0a20 2020 2020 pool.cache. \n+00014180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 set kF\n+00014190: 7265 6542 5344 2e76 6673 2e72 6f6f 742e reeBSD.vfs.root.\n+000141a0: 6d6f 756e 7466 726f 6d3d 7a66 733a 6672 mountfrom=zfs:fr\n+000141b0: 6565 706f 6f6c 2f66 7265 6562 7364 0a20 eepool/freebsd. \n+000141c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n+000141d0: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e68 772e 7073 t kFreeBSD.hw.ps\n+000141e0: 6d2e 7379 6e61 7074 6963 735f 7375 7070 m.synaptics_supp\n+000141f0: 6f72 743d 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 ort=1. }.. \n+00014200: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 6578 menuentry \"ex\n+00014210: 7065 7269 6d65 6e74 616c 2047 5255 4222 perimental GRUB\"\n+00014220: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n+00014230: 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 search --set=r\n+00014240: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 oot --label GRUB\n+00014250: 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f --hint hd0,msdo\n+00014260: 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s5. \n+00014270: 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2f65 7870 multiboot /exp\n+00014280: 6572 696d 656e 7461 6c2f 6772 7562 2f69 erimental/grub/i\n+00014290: 3338 362d 7063 2f63 6f72 652e 696d 670a 386-pc/core.img.\n+000142a0: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e }.. men\n+000142b0: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 2031 uentry \"Fedora 1\n+000142c0: 3620 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7222 207b 0a20 6 installer\" {. \n+000142d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n+000142e0: 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 arch --set=root \n+000142f0: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 --label GRUB --h\n+00014300: 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 int hd0,msdos5. \n+00014310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 li\n+00014320: 6e75 7820 2f66 6564 6f72 612f 766d 6c69 nux /fedora/vmli\n+00014330: 6e75 7a20 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b nuz lang=en_US k\n+00014340: 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 eymap=sg resolut\n+00014350: 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 ion=1280x800. \n+00014360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 init\n+00014370: 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 rd /fedora/initr\n+00014380: 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 d.img. }.. \n+00014390: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 menuentry \"Fe\n+000143a0: 646f 7261 2072 6177 6869 6465 2069 6e73 dora rawhide ins\n+000143b0: 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 taller\" {. \n+000143c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 search \n+000143d0: 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 --set=root --lab\n+000143e0: 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 el GRUB --hint h\n+000143f0: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 d0,msdos5. \n+00014400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f linux /\n+00014410: 6665 646f 7261 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 fedora/vmlinuz r\n+00014420: 6570 6f3d 6674 703a 2f2f 6d69 7272 6f72 epo=ftp://mirror\n+00014430: 2e73 7769 7463 682e 6368 2f6d 6972 726f .switch.ch/mirro\n+00014440: 722f 6665 646f 7261 2f6c 696e 7578 2f64 r/fedora/linux/d\n+00014450: 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2f72 6177 6869 evelopment/rawhi\n+00014460: 6465 2f78 3836 5f36 3420 6c61 6e67 3d65 de/x86_64 lang=e\n+00014470: 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 n_US keymap=sg r\n+00014480: 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 esolution=1280x8\n+00014490: 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 00. \n+000144a0: 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 initrd /fedora\n+000144b0: 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 /initrd.img. \n+000144c0: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n+000144d0: 7279 2022 4465 6269 616e 2073 6964 2069 ry \"Debian sid i\n+000144e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 nstaller\" {. \n+000144f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 searc\n+00014500: 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c h --set=root --l\n+00014510: 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 abel GRUB --hint\n+00014520: 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 hd0,msdos5. \n+00014530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 linux\n+00014540: 202f 6465 6269 616e 2f64 6973 7473 2f73 /debian/dists/s\n+00014550: 6964 2f6d 6169 6e2f 696e 7374 616c 6c65 id/main/installe\n+00014560: 722d 616d 6436 342f 6375 7272 656e 742f r-amd64/current/\n+00014570: 696d 6167 6573 2f68 642d 6d65 6469 612f images/hd-media/\n+00014580: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 vmlinuz. \n+00014590: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2f64 initrd /d\n+000145a0: 6562 6961 6e2f 6469 7374 732f 7369 642f ebian/dists/sid/\n+000145b0: 6d61 696e 2f69 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2d61 main/installer-a\n+000145c0: 6d64 3634 2f63 7572 7265 6e74 2f69 6d61 md64/current/ima\n+000145d0: 6765 732f 6864 2d6d 6564 6961 2f69 6e69 ges/hd-media/ini\n+000145e0: 7472 642e 677a 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 trd.gz. }.. \n+000145f0: 2020 4e6f 7465 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 Notes:. ... \n+00014600: 4172 6775 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 6172 Argument to sear\n+00014610: 6368 2061 6674 6572 202d 6c61 6265 6c20 ch after -label \n+00014620: 6973 2046 5320 4c41 4245 4c2e 2059 6f75 is FS LABEL. You\n+00014630: 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 7573 6520 5555 can also use UU\n+00014640: 4944 730a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 2d66 IDs. with -f\n+00014650: 732d 7575 6964 2055 5549 4420 696e 7374 s-uuid UUID inst\n+00014660: 6561 6420 6f66 202d 6c61 6265 6c20 4c41 ead of -label LA\n+00014670: 4245 4c2e 2059 6f75 2063 6f75 6c64 2061 BEL. You could a\n+00014680: 6c73 6f20 7573 650a 2020 2020 2064 6972 lso use. dir\n+00014690: 6563 7420 e280 9872 6f6f 743d 6864 302c ect ...root=hd0,\n+000146a0: 6d73 646f 7358 e280 9920 6275 7420 7468 msdosX... but th\n+000146b0: 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 636f 6d6d is is not recomm\n+000146c0: 656e 6465 6420 6475 6520 746f 2064 6576 ended due to dev\n+000146d0: 6963 650a 2020 2020 206e 616d 6520 696e ice. name in\n+000146e0: 7374 6162 696c 6974 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 stability.....Fi\n+000146f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00014700: 4e6f 6465 3a20 456d 6265 6464 6564 2063 Node: Embedded c\n+00014710: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 onfiguration, P\n+00014720: 7265 763a 204d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 rev: Multi-boot \n+00014730: 6d61 6e75 616c 2063 6f6e 6669 672c 2020 manual config, \n+00014740: 5570 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f Up: Configuratio\n+00014750: 6e0a 0a36 2e35 2045 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 n..6.5 Embedding\n+00014760: 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e a configuration\n+00014770: 2066 696c 6520 696e 746f 2047 5255 420a file into GRUB.\n+00014780: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00014790: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000147b0: 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 ==..GRUB support\n-000147c0: 7320 656d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f s embedding a co\n-000147d0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-000147e0: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 696e 746f 2074 directly into t\n-000147f0: 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 652c 2073 he core.image, s\n-00014800: 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 206c 6f61 o that it is loa\n-00014810: 6465 6420 6265 666f 7265 2065 6e74 6572 ded before enter\n-00014820: 696e 6720 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652e ing normal mode.\n-00014830: 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a 7573 6566 756c This is.useful\n-00014840: 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2077 , for example, w\n-00014850: 6865 6e20 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7374 hen it is not st\n-00014860: 7261 6967 6874 666f 7277 6172 6420 746f raightforward to\n-00014870: 2066 696e 6420 7468 6520 7265 616c 0a63 find the real.c\n-00014880: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00014890: 652c 206f 7220 7768 656e 2079 6f75 206e e, or when you n\n-000148a0: 6565 6420 746f 2064 6562 7567 2070 726f eed to debug pro\n-000148b0: 626c 656d 7320 7769 7468 206c 6f61 6469 blems with loadi\n-000148c0: 6e67 2074 6861 740a 6669 6c65 2e20 20e2 ng that.file. .\n-000148d0: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n-000148e0: 9920 7573 6573 2074 6869 7320 6665 6174 . uses this feat\n-000148f0: 7572 6520 7768 656e 2069 7420 6973 206e ure when it is n\n-00014900: 6f74 2075 7369 6e67 2042 494f 5320 6469 ot using BIOS di\n-00014910: 736b 0a66 756e 6374 696f 6e73 206f 7220 sk.functions or \n-00014920: 7768 656e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 when installing \n-00014930: 746f 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2064 to a different d\n-00014940: 6973 6b20 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206f 6e65 isk from the one\n-00014950: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 670a e280 982f containing..../\n-00014960: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 696e boot/grub..., in\n-00014970: 2077 6869 6368 2063 6173 6520 6974 206e which case it n\n-00014980: 6565 6473 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 eeds to use the \n-00014990: e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2063 6f6d ...search... com\n-000149a0: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 7365 6172 mand (*note.sear\n-000149b0: 6368 3a3a 2920 746f 2066 696e 6420 e280 ch::) to find ..\n-000149c0: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2e0a ./boot/grub.....\n-000149d0: 0a20 2020 546f 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2063 . To embed a c\n-000149e0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-000149f0: 652c 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d63 e, use the ...-c\n-00014a00: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 ... option to ..\n-00014a10: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 .grub-mkimage...\n-00014a20: 2e0a 5468 6520 6669 6c65 2069 7320 636f ..The file is co\n-00014a30: 7069 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f pied into the co\n-00014a40: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 736f 2069 7420 re image, so it \n-00014a50: 6d61 7920 7265 7369 6465 2061 6e79 7768 may reside anywh\n-00014a60: 6572 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 0a66 696c 6520 ere on the.file \n-00014a70: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 616e 6420 6d61 7920 system, and may \n-00014a80: 6265 2072 656d 6f76 6564 2061 6674 6572 be removed after\n-00014a90: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 running ...grub\n-00014aa0: 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 -mkimage...... \n-00014ab0: 2041 6674 6572 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 After the embed\n-00014ac0: 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ded configuratio\n-00014ad0: 6e20 6669 6c65 2028 6966 2061 6e79 2920 n file (if any) \n-00014ae0: 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2047 5255 is executed, GRU\n-00014af0: 4220 7769 6c6c 0a6c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 B will.load the \n-00014b00: e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d 6f64 ...normal... mod\n-00014b10: 756c 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 ule (*note norma\n-00014b20: 6c3a 3a29 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7769 6c6c l::), which will\n-00014b30: 2074 6865 6e20 7265 6164 2074 6865 2072 then read the r\n-00014b40: 6561 6c0a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f eal.configuratio\n-00014b50: 6e20 6669 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9824 n file from ...$\n-00014b60: 7072 6566 6978 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 prefix/grub.cfg.\n-00014b70: 8099 2e20 2042 7920 7468 6973 2070 6f69 ... By this poi\n-00014b80: 6e74 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 nt, the ...root.\n-00014b90: 8099 0a76 6172 6961 626c 6520 7769 6c6c ...variable will\n-00014ba0: 2061 6c73 6f20 6861 7665 2062 6565 6e20 also have been \n-00014bb0: 7365 7420 746f 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 set to the root \n-00014bc0: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652e 2020 466f device name. Fo\n-00014bd0: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 0ae2 8098 7072 r example,....pr\n-00014be0: 6566 6978 e280 9920 6d69 6768 7420 6265 efix... might be\n-00014bf0: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9828 6864 302c set to ...(hd0,\n-00014c00: 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992c 1)/boot/grub...,\n-00014c10: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 and ...root... \n-00014c20: 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f0a might be set to.\n-00014c30: e280 9868 6430 2c31 e280 992e 2020 5468 ...hd0,1.... Th\n-00014c40: 7573 2c20 696e 206d 6f73 7420 6361 7365 us, in most case\n-00014c50: 732c 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 s, the embedded \n-00014c60: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-00014c70: 6c65 206f 6e6c 790a 6e65 6564 7320 746f le only.needs to\n-00014c80: 2073 6574 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7072 6566 set the ...pref\n-00014c90: 6978 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9872 6f6f ix... and ...roo\n-00014ca0: 74e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 t... variables, \n-00014cb0: 616e 6420 7468 656e 2064 726f 7020 7468 and then drop th\n-00014cc0: 726f 7567 6820 746f 0a47 5255 4227 7320 rough to.GRUB's \n-00014cd0: 6e6f 726d 616c 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e normal processin\n-00014ce0: 672e 2020 4120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 6578 g. A typical ex\n-00014cf0: 616d 706c 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6d69 ample of this mi\n-00014d00: 6768 7420 6c6f 6f6b 206c 696b 650a 7468 ght look like.th\n-00014d10: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 is:.. search\n-00014d20: 2e66 735f 7575 6964 2030 3132 3334 3536 .fs_uuid 0123456\n-00014d30: 372d 3839 6162 2d63 6465 662d 3031 3233 7-89ab-cdef-0123\n-00014d40: 2d34 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 6620 726f -456789abcdef ro\n-00014d50: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 ot. set pref\n-00014d60: 6978 3d28 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f ix=($root)/boot/\n-00014d70: 6772 7562 0a0a 2020 2028 5468 6520 e280 grub.. (The ..\n-00014d80: 9873 6561 7263 685f 6673 5f75 7569 64e2 .search_fs_uuid.\n-00014d90: 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 .. module must b\n-00014da0: 6520 696e 636c 7564 6564 2069 6e20 7468 e included in th\n-00014db0: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 e core image for\n-00014dc0: 0a74 6869 7320 6578 616d 706c 6520 746f .this example to\n-00014dd0: 2077 6f72 6b2e 290a 0a20 2020 496e 206d work.).. In m\n-00014de0: 6f72 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7820 6361 7365 ore complex case\n-00014df0: 732c 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 s, it may be use\n-00014e00: 6675 6c20 746f 2072 6561 6420 6f74 6865 ful to read othe\n-00014e10: 7220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a r configuration.\n-00014e20: 6669 6c65 7320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2066 files directly f\n-00014e30: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 rom the embedded\n-00014e40: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-00014e50: 696c 652e 2020 5468 6973 2061 6c6c 6f77 ile. This allow\n-00014e60: 7320 7375 6368 0a74 6869 6e67 7320 6173 s such.things as\n-00014e70: 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2066 696c 6573 206e reading files n\n-00014e80: 6f74 2063 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9867 7275 ot called ...gru\n-00014e90: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 6f72 2072 6561 b.cfg..., or rea\n-00014ea0: 6469 6e67 2066 696c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 ding files from \n-00014eb0: 610a 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6f74 6865 a.directory othe\n-00014ec0: 7220 7468 616e 2074 6861 7420 7768 6572 r than that wher\n-00014ed0: 6520 4752 5542 2773 206c 6f61 6461 626c e GRUB's loadabl\n-00014ee0: 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6172 6520 696e e modules are in\n-00014ef0: 7374 616c 6c65 642e 0a54 6f20 646f 2074 stalled..To do t\n-00014f00: 6869 732c 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2074 6865 his, include the\n-00014f10: 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 ...configfile..\n-00014f20: 9920 616e 6420 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 . and ...normal.\n-00014f30: 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 6e20 7468 .. modules in th\n-00014f40: 6520 636f 7265 0a69 6d61 6765 2c20 616e e core.image, an\n-00014f50: 6420 656d 6265 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 d embed a config\n-00014f60: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2074 6861 uration file tha\n-00014f70: 7420 7573 6573 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f t uses the ...co\n-00014f80: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d nfigfile... comm\n-00014f90: 616e 640a 746f 206c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 and.to load anot\n-00014fa0: 6865 7220 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 2066 her file. The f\n-00014fb0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 ollowing example\n-00014fc0: 206f 6620 7468 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7265 of this also re\n-00014fd0: 7175 6972 6573 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6563 quires the....ec\n-00014fe0: 686f e280 992c 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 ho..., ...search\n-00014ff0: 5f6c 6162 656c e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 _label..., and .\n-00015000: 8098 7465 7374 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 ..test... module\n-00015010: 7320 746f 2062 6520 696e 636c 7564 6564 s to be included\n-00015020: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 7265 0a69 6d61 in the core.ima\n-00015030: 6765 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 ge:.. search\n-00015040: 2e66 735f 6c61 6265 6c20 6772 7562 2072 .fs_label grub r\n-00015050: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2069 6620 5b20 2d65 oot. if [ -e\n-00015060: 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d /boot/grub/exam\n-00015070: 706c 652f 7465 7374 312e 6366 6720 5d3b ple/test1.cfg ];\n-00015080: 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 then. s\n-00015090: 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 et prefix=($root\n-000150a0: 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 )/boot/grub. \n-000150b0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 configfile \n-000150c0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 /boot/grub/examp\n-000150d0: 6c65 2f74 6573 7431 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 le/test1.cfg. \n-000150e0: 2020 656c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 else. \n-000150f0: 6966 205b 202d 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 if [ -e /boot/gr\n-00015100: 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7432 ub/example/test2\n-00015110: 2e63 6667 205d 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 .cfg ]; then. \n-00015120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 set pr\n-00015130: 6566 6978 3d28 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f efix=($root)/boo\n-00015140: 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t/grub. \n-00015150: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f configfile /\n-00015160: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c boot/grub/exampl\n-00015170: 652f 7465 7374 322e 6366 670a 2020 2020 e/test2.cfg. \n-00015180: 2020 2020 2065 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2020 else. \n-00015190: 2020 2020 2020 2065 6368 6f20 2243 6f75 echo \"Cou\n-000151a0: 6c64 206e 6f74 2066 696e 6420 616e 2065 ld not find an e\n-000151b0: 7861 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 xample configura\n-000151c0: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6521 220a 2020 2020 tion file!\". \n-000151d0: 2020 2020 2066 690a 2020 2020 2066 690a fi. fi.\n-000151e0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 . The embedded\n-000151f0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-00015200: 696c 6520 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 ile may not cont\n-00015210: 6169 6e20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 ain menu entries\n-00015220: 0a64 6972 6563 746c 792c 2062 7574 206d .directly, but m\n-00015230: 6179 206f 6e6c 7920 7265 6164 2074 6865 ay only read the\n-00015240: 6d20 6672 6f6d 2065 6c73 6577 6865 7265 m from elsewhere\n-00015250: 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 using ...config\n-00015260: 6669 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 file........File\n-00015270: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00015280: 6465 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 de: Theme file f\n-00015290: 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 ormat, Next: Ne\n-000152a0: 7477 6f72 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f twork, Prev: Co\n-000152b0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 nfiguration, Up\n-000152c0: 3a20 546f 700a 0a37 2054 6865 6d65 2066 : Top..7 Theme f\n-000152d0: 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a ile format.*****\n-000152e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n-000152f0: 372e 3120 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 7.1 Introduction\n-00015300: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-00015310: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2047 5255 4220 6772 6170 =..The GRUB grap\n-00015320: 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 2073 7570 706f hical menu suppo\n-00015330: 7274 7320 7468 656d 6573 2074 6861 7420 rts themes that \n-00015340: 6361 6e20 6375 7374 6f6d 697a 6520 7468 can customize th\n-00015350: 6520 6c61 796f 7574 0a61 6e64 2061 7070 e layout.and app\n-00015360: 6561 7261 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2047 earance of the G\n-00015370: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 206d 656e 752e 2020 RUB boot menu. \n-00015380: 5468 6520 7468 656d 6520 6973 2063 6f6e The theme is con\n-00015390: 6669 6775 7265 6420 7468 726f 7567 6820 figured through \n-000153a0: 610a 706c 6169 6e20 7465 7874 2066 696c a.plain text fil\n-000153b0: 6520 7468 6174 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 e that specifies\n-000153c0: 2074 6865 206c 6179 6f75 7420 6f66 2074 the layout of t\n-000153d0: 6865 2076 6172 696f 7573 2047 5549 2063 he various GUI c\n-000153e0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 730a 2869 6e63 6c75 omponents.(inclu\n-000153f0: 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 ding the boot me\n-00015400: 6e75 2c20 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7072 6f67 nu, timeout prog\n-00015410: 7265 7373 2062 6172 2c20 616e 6420 7465 ress bar, and te\n-00015420: 7874 206d 6573 7361 6765 7329 2061 730a xt messages) as.\n-00015430: 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7468 6520 6170 7065 well as the appe\n-00015440: 6172 616e 6365 2075 7369 6e67 2063 6f6c arance using col\n-00015450: 6f72 732c 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 ors, fonts, and \n-00015460: 696d 6167 6573 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 images. Example\n-00015470: 2069 730a 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e is.available in\n-00015480: 2064 6f63 732f 6578 616d 706c 655f 7468 docs/example_th\n-00015490: 656d 652e 7478 740a 0a37 2e32 2054 6865 eme.txt..7.2 The\n-000154a0: 6d65 2045 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a 3d3d 3d3d me Elements.====\n-000154b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-000154c0: 372e 322e 3120 436f 6c6f 7273 0a2d 2d2d 7.2.1 Colors.---\n-000154d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a43 6f6c 6f72 ---------..Color\n-000154e0: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 s can be specifi\n-000154f0: 6564 2069 6e20 7365 7665 7261 6c20 7761 ed in several wa\n-00015500: 7973 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4854 4d4c ys:.. ... HTML\n-00015510: 2d73 7479 6c65 2022 2352 5247 4742 4222 -style \"#RRGGBB\"\n-00015520: 206f 7220 2223 5247 4222 2066 6f72 6d61 or \"#RGB\" forma\n-00015530: 742c 2077 6865 7265 202a 522a 2c20 2a47 t, where *R*, *G\n-00015540: 2a2c 2061 6e64 202a 422a 2061 7265 0a20 *, and *B* are. \n-00015550: 2020 2020 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 hexadecimal \n-00015560: 6469 6769 7473 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2223 digits (e.g., \"#\n-00015570: 3838 3939 4646 2229 0a20 2020 e280 a220 8899FF\"). ... \n-00015580: 6173 2063 6f6d 6d61 2d73 6570 6172 6174 as comma-separat\n-00015590: 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2052 4742 2076 ed decimal RGB v\n-000155a0: 616c 7565 7320 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 3132 alues (e.g., \"12\n-000155b0: 382c 2031 3238 2c20 3235 3522 290a 2020 8, 128, 255\"). \n-000155c0: 20e2 80a2 2077 6974 6820 2253 5647 2031 ... with \"SVG 1\n-000155d0: 2e30 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2220 .0 color names\" \n-000155e0: 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 636f 726e 666c 6f77 (e.g., \"cornflow\n-000155f0: 6572 626c 7565 2229 2077 6869 6368 206d erblue\") which m\n-00015600: 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 ust be. spec\n-00015610: 6966 6965 6420 696e 206c 6f77 6572 6361 ified in lowerca\n-00015620: 7365 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e32 2046 6f6e 7473 se...7.2.2 Fonts\n-00015630: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 .-----------..Th\n-00015640: 6520 666f 6e74 7320 4752 5542 2075 7365 e fonts GRUB use\n-00015650: 7320 2250 4646 3220 666f 6e74 2066 6f72 s \"PFF2 font for\n-00015660: 6d61 7422 2062 6974 6d61 7020 666f 6e74 mat\" bitmap font\n-00015670: 732e 2020 466f 6e74 7320 6172 650a 7370 s. Fonts are.sp\n-00015680: 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2066 756c ecified with ful\n-00015690: 6c20 666f 6e74 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2043 l font names. C\n-000156a0: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 6865 7265 2069 urrently there i\n-000156b0: 7320 6e6f 2070 726f 7669 7369 6f6e 2066 s no provision f\n-000156c0: 6f72 2061 0a70 7265 6665 7265 6e63 6520 or a.preference \n-000156d0: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 666f 6e74 732c 206f list of fonts, o\n-000156e0: 7220 6465 7269 7669 6e67 206f 6e65 2066 r deriving one f\n-000156f0: 6f6e 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 ont from another\n-00015700: 2e20 2046 6f6e 7473 2061 7265 0a6c 6f61 . Fonts are.loa\n-00015710: 6465 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2022 6c6f ded with the \"lo\n-00015720: 6164 666f 6e74 2220 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 adfont\" command \n-00015730: 696e 2047 5255 4220 282a 6e6f 7465 206c in GRUB (*note l\n-00015740: 6f61 6466 6f6e 743a 3a29 2e20 2054 6f20 oadfont::). To \n-00015750: 7365 650a 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 see.the list of \n-00015760: 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 6578 loaded fonts, ex\n-00015770: 6563 7574 6520 7468 6520 226c 7366 6f6e ecute the \"lsfon\n-00015780: 7473 2220 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ts\" command (*no\n-00015790: 7465 0a6c 7366 6f6e 7473 3a3a 292e 2020 te.lsfonts::). \n-000157a0: 4966 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 6f6f If there are too\n-000157b0: 206d 616e 7920 666f 6e74 7320 746f 2066 many fonts to f\n-000157c0: 6974 206f 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2c20 646f it on screen, do\n-000157d0: 2022 7365 740a 7061 6765 723d 3122 2062 \"set.pager=1\" b\n-000157e0: 6566 6f72 6520 6578 6563 7574 696e 6720 efore executing \n-000157f0: 226c 7366 6f6e 7473 222e 0a0a 372e 322e \"lsfonts\"...7.2.\n-00015800: 3320 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2042 6172 0a2d 3 Progress Bar.-\n-00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00015820: 2d0a 0a46 6967 7572 6520 372e 310a 0a46 -..Figure 7.1..F\n-00015830: 6967 7572 6520 372e 320a 5072 6f67 7265 igure 7.2.Progre\n-00015840: 7373 2062 6172 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 ss bars are used\n-00015850: 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 to display the \n-00015860: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2062 remaining time b\n-00015870: 6566 6f72 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 efore GRUB boots\n-00015880: 0a74 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e .the default men\n-00015890: 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 546f 2063 7265 u entry. To cre\n-000158a0: 6174 6520 6120 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 ate a progress b\n-000158b0: 6172 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 ar that will dis\n-000158c0: 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a72 656d 6169 6e69 play the.remaini\n-000158d0: 6e67 2074 696d 6520 6265 666f 7265 2061 ng time before a\n-000158e0: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 742c 2073 utomatic boot, s\n-000158f0: 696d 706c 7920 6372 6561 7465 2061 2022 imply create a \"\n-00015900: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f62 6172 220a 636f progress_bar\".co\n-00015910: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 mponent with the\n-00015920: 2069 6420 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f id \"__timeout__\n-00015930: 222e 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e64 6963 6174 \". This indicat\n-00015940: 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2074 6861 7420 es to GRUB that \n-00015950: 7468 650a 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 the.progress bar\n-00015960: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 7064 6174 should be updat\n-00015970: 6564 2061 7320 7469 6d65 2070 6173 7365 ed as time passe\n-00015980: 732c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 s, and it should\n-00015990: 2062 6520 6d61 6465 0a69 6e76 6973 6962 be made.invisib\n-000159a0: 6c65 2069 6620 7468 6520 636f 756e 7464 le if the countd\n-000159b0: 6f77 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 own to automatic\n-000159c0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2069 6e74 6572 7275 boot is interru\n-000159d0: 7074 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7573 6572 pted by the user\n-000159e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 ... Progress b\n-000159f0: 6172 7320 6d61 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c ars may optional\n-00015a00: 6c79 2068 6176 6520 7465 7874 2064 6973 ly have text dis\n-00015a10: 706c 6179 6564 206f 6e20 7468 656d 2e20 played on them. \n-00015a20: 2054 6869 7320 7465 7874 0a69 7320 636f This text.is co\n-00015a30: 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 ntrolled by vari\n-00015a40: 6162 6c65 2022 7465 7874 2220 7768 6963 able \"text\" whic\n-00015a50: 6820 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 2070 7269 h contains a pri\n-00015a60: 6e74 6620 7465 6d70 6c61 7465 2077 6974 ntf template wit\n-00015a70: 680a 7468 6520 6f6e 6c79 2061 7267 756d h.the only argum\n-00015a80: 656e 7420 2564 2069 7320 7468 6520 6e75 ent %d is the nu\n-00015a90: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 7320 mber of seconds \n-00015aa0: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 4164 6469 remaining. Addi\n-00015ab0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a73 7065 6369 616c tionally.special\n-00015ac0: 2076 616c 7565 7320 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 values \"@TIMEOU\n-00015ad0: 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 T_NOTIFICATION_S\n-00015ae0: 484f 5254 4022 2c0a 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 HORT@\",.\"@TIMEOU\n-00015af0: 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d T_NOTIFICATION_M\n-00015b00: 4944 444c 4540 222c 2022 4054 494d 454f IDDLE@\", \"@TIMEO\n-00015b10: 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f UT_NOTIFICATION_\n-00015b20: 4c4f 4e47 4022 2061 7265 0a72 6570 6c61 LONG@\" are.repla\n-00015b30: 6365 6420 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 ced with standar\n-00015b40: 6420 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 d and translated\n-00015b50: 2074 656d 706c 6174 6573 2e0a 0a37 2e32 templates...7.2\n-00015b60: 2e34 2043 6972 6375 6c61 7220 5072 6f67 .4 Circular Prog\n-00015b70: 7265 7373 2049 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 0a2d ress Indicator.-\n+000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 ============..GR\n+000147b0: 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 656d 6265 UB supports embe\n+000147c0: 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 dding a configur\n+000147d0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2064 6972 6563 ation file direc\n+000147e0: 746c 7920 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 tly into the cor\n+000147f0: 650a 696d 6167 652c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 e.image, so that\n+00014800: 2069 7420 6973 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6265 it is loaded be\n+00014810: 666f 7265 2065 6e74 6572 696e 6720 6e6f fore entering no\n+00014820: 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652e 2020 5468 6973 rmal mode. This\n+00014830: 2069 730a 7573 6566 756c 2c20 666f 7220 is.useful, for \n+00014840: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2077 6865 6e20 6974 example, when it\n+00014850: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7374 7261 6967 6874 is not straight\n+00014860: 666f 7277 6172 6420 746f 2066 696e 6420 forward to find \n+00014870: 7468 6520 7265 616c 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 the real.configu\n+00014880: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 206f 7220 ration file, or \n+00014890: 7768 656e 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f when you need to\n+000148a0: 2064 6562 7567 2070 726f 626c 656d 7320 debug problems \n+000148b0: 7769 7468 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 6861 with loading tha\n+000148c0: 740a 6669 6c65 2e20 20e2 8098 6772 7562 t.file. ...grub\n+000148d0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 7573 6573 -install... uses\n+000148e0: 2074 6869 7320 6665 6174 7572 6520 7768 this feature wh\n+000148f0: 656e 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2075 7369 en it is not usi\n+00014900: 6e67 2042 494f 5320 6469 736b 0a66 756e ng BIOS disk.fun\n+00014910: 6374 696f 6e73 206f 7220 7768 656e 2069 ctions or when i\n+00014920: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 746f 2061 2064 nstalling to a d\n+00014930: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2064 6973 6b20 6672 ifferent disk fr\n+00014940: 6f6d 2074 6865 206f 6e65 2063 6f6e 7461 om the one conta\n+00014950: 696e 696e 670a e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 ining..../boot/g\n+00014960: 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 696e 2077 6869 6368 rub..., in which\n+00014970: 2063 6173 6520 6974 206e 6565 6473 2074 case it needs t\n+00014980: 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 9873 6561 o use the ...sea\n+00014990: 7263 68e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 rch... command (\n+000149a0: 2a6e 6f74 650a 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 2920 *note.search::) \n+000149b0: 746f 2066 696e 6420 e280 982f 626f 6f74 to find .../boot\n+000149c0: 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 546f /grub...... To\n+000149d0: 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 embed a configu\n+000149e0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2075 7365 ration file, use\n+000149f0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d63 e280 9920 6f70 the ...-c... op\n+00014a00: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9867 7275 622d tion to ...grub-\n+00014a10: 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 mkimage.....The \n+00014a20: 6669 6c65 2069 7320 636f 7069 6564 2069 file is copied i\n+00014a30: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 nto the core ima\n+00014a40: 6765 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d61 7920 7265 ge, so it may re\n+00014a50: 7369 6465 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 6f6e side anywhere on\n+00014a60: 2074 6865 0a66 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d the.file system\n+00014a70: 2c20 616e 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2072 656d , and may be rem\n+00014a80: 6f76 6564 2061 6674 6572 2072 756e 6e69 oved after runni\n+00014a90: 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 ng ...grub-mkima\n+00014aa0: 6765 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 ge...... After\n+00014ab0: 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f the embedded co\n+00014ac0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00014ad0: 2028 6966 2061 6e79 2920 6973 2065 7865 (if any) is exe\n+00014ae0: 6375 7465 642c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c cuted, GRUB will\n+00014af0: 0a6c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 e280 986e 6f72 .load the ...nor\n+00014b00: 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6520 282a mal... module (*\n+00014b10: 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2c20 note normal::), \n+00014b20: 7768 6963 6820 7769 6c6c 2074 6865 6e20 which will then \n+00014b30: 7265 6164 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c0a 636f read the real.co\n+00014b40: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00014b50: 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9824 7072 6566 6978 from ...$prefix\n+00014b60: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2e20 2042 /grub.cfg.... B\n+00014b70: 7920 7468 6973 2070 6f69 6e74 2c20 7468 y this point, th\n+00014b80: 6520 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 0a76 6172 e ...root....var\n+00014b90: 6961 626c 6520 7769 6c6c 2061 6c73 6f20 iable will also \n+00014ba0: 6861 7665 2062 6565 6e20 7365 7420 746f have been set to\n+00014bb0: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 the root device\n+00014bc0: 206e 616d 652e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d name. For exam\n+00014bd0: 706c 652c 0ae2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 ple,....prefix..\n+00014be0: 9920 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2073 6574 2074 . might be set t\n+00014bf0: 6f20 e280 9828 6864 302c 3129 2f62 6f6f o ...(hd0,1)/boo\n+00014c00: 742f 6772 7562 e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 t/grub..., and .\n+00014c10: 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 6d69 6768 7420 ..root... might \n+00014c20: 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f0a e280 9868 6430 be set to....hd0\n+00014c30: 2c31 e280 992e 2020 5468 7573 2c20 696e ,1.... Thus, in\n+00014c40: 206d 6f73 7420 6361 7365 732c 2074 6865 most cases, the\n+00014c50: 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 embedded config\n+00014c60: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206f 6e6c uration file onl\n+00014c70: 790a 6e65 6564 7320 746f 2073 6574 2074 y.needs to set t\n+00014c80: 6865 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 he ...prefix... \n+00014c90: 616e 6420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 2076 and ...root... v\n+00014ca0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 616e 6420 7468 ariables, and th\n+00014cb0: 656e 2064 726f 7020 7468 726f 7567 6820 en drop through \n+00014cc0: 746f 0a47 5255 4227 7320 6e6f 726d 616c to.GRUB's normal\n+00014cd0: 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e 672e 2020 4120 processing. A \n+00014ce0: 7479 7069 6361 6c20 6578 616d 706c 6520 typical example \n+00014cf0: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6d69 6768 7420 6c6f of this might lo\n+00014d00: 6f6b 206c 696b 650a 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 ok like.this:.. \n+00014d10: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 2e66 735f 7575 search.fs_uu\n+00014d20: 6964 2030 3132 3334 3536 372d 3839 6162 id 01234567-89ab\n+00014d30: 2d63 6465 662d 3031 3233 2d34 3536 3738 -cdef-0123-45678\n+00014d40: 3961 6263 6465 6620 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 9abcdef root. \n+00014d50: 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 2472 set prefix=($r\n+00014d60: 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a0a oot)/boot/grub..\n+00014d70: 2020 2028 5468 6520 e280 9873 6561 7263 (The ...searc\n+00014d80: 685f 6673 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 206d 6f64 h_fs_uuid... mod\n+00014d90: 756c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 6520 696e 636c ule must be incl\n+00014da0: 7564 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 7265 uded in the core\n+00014db0: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 0a74 6869 7320 image for.this \n+00014dc0: 6578 616d 706c 6520 746f 2077 6f72 6b2e example to work.\n+00014dd0: 290a 0a20 2020 496e 206d 6f72 6520 636f ).. In more co\n+00014de0: 6d70 6c65 7820 6361 7365 732c 2069 7420 mplex cases, it \n+00014df0: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f may be useful to\n+00014e00: 2072 6561 6420 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e66 read other conf\n+00014e10: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 6669 6c65 7320 iguration.files \n+00014e20: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 7468 directly from th\n+00014e30: 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 e embedded confi\n+00014e40: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652e 2020 guration file. \n+00014e50: 5468 6973 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7375 6368 This allows such\n+00014e60: 0a74 6869 6e67 7320 6173 2072 6561 6469 .things as readi\n+00014e70: 6e67 2066 696c 6573 206e 6f74 2063 616c ng files not cal\n+00014e80: 6c65 6420 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 led ...grub.cfg.\n+00014e90: 8099 2c20 6f72 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2066 .., or reading f\n+00014ea0: 696c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 610a 6469 7265 iles from a.dire\n+00014eb0: 6374 6f72 7920 6f74 6865 7220 7468 616e ctory other than\n+00014ec0: 2074 6861 7420 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 that where GRUB\n+00014ed0: 2773 206c 6f61 6461 626c 6520 6d6f 6475 's loadable modu\n+00014ee0: 6c65 7320 6172 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 les are installe\n+00014ef0: 642e 0a54 6f20 646f 2074 6869 732c 2069 d..To do this, i\n+00014f00: 6e63 6c75 6465 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f nclude the ...co\n+00014f10: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 616e 6420 nfigfile... and \n+00014f20: e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d 6f64 ...normal... mod\n+00014f30: 756c 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 7265 ules in the core\n+00014f40: 0a69 6d61 6765 2c20 616e 6420 656d 6265 .image, and embe\n+00014f50: 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f d a configuratio\n+00014f60: 6e20 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 7573 6573 n file that uses\n+00014f70: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 the ...configfi\n+00014f80: 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 746f le... command.to\n+00014f90: 206c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6669 load another fi\n+00014fa0: 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 le. The followi\n+00014fb0: 6e67 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 7468 ng example of th\n+00014fc0: 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7265 7175 6972 6573 is also requires\n+00014fd0: 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6563 686f e280 992c the....echo...,\n+00014fe0: 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 5f6c 6162 656c ...search_label\n+00014ff0: e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7465 7374 ..., and ...test\n+00015000: e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 746f 2062 ... modules to b\n+00015010: 6520 696e 636c 7564 6564 2069 6e20 7468 e included in th\n+00015020: 6520 636f 7265 0a69 6d61 6765 3a0a 0a20 e core.image:.. \n+00015030: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 2e66 735f 6c61 search.fs_la\n+00015040: 6265 6c20 6772 7562 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 bel grub root. \n+00015050: 2020 2069 6620 5b20 2d65 202f 626f 6f74 if [ -e /boot\n+00015060: 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 /grub/example/te\n+00015070: 7374 312e 6366 6720 5d3b 2074 6865 6e0a st1.cfg ]; then.\n+00015080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 set pre\n+00015090: 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 fix=($root)/boot\n+000150a0: 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 /grub. c\n+000150b0: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f onfigfile /boot/\n+000150c0: 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 grub/example/tes\n+000150d0: 7431 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 656c 7365 t1.cfg. else\n+000150e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 6966 205b 202d . if [ -\n+000150f0: 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 e /boot/grub/exa\n+00015100: 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7432 2e63 6667 205d mple/test2.cfg ]\n+00015110: 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ; then. \n+00015120: 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 set prefix=(\n+00015130: 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 $root)/boot/grub\n+00015140: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f . co\n+00015150: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 nfigfile /boot/g\n+00015160: 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 rub/example/test\n+00015170: 322e 6366 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 2.cfg. e\n+00015180: 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lse. \n+00015190: 2065 6368 6f20 2243 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 echo \"Could not\n+000151a0: 2066 696e 6420 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 find an example\n+000151b0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+000151c0: 696c 6521 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 ile!\". f\n+000151d0: 690a 2020 2020 2066 690a 0a20 2020 5468 i. fi.. Th\n+000151e0: 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 e embedded confi\n+000151f0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6d61 guration file ma\n+00015200: 7920 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 6d65 y not contain me\n+00015210: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a64 6972 6563 nu entries.direc\n+00015220: 746c 792c 2062 7574 206d 6179 206f 6e6c tly, but may onl\n+00015230: 7920 7265 6164 2074 6865 6d20 6672 6f6d y read them from\n+00015240: 2065 6c73 6577 6865 7265 2075 7369 6e67 elsewhere using\n+00015250: 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 ...configfile..\n+00015260: 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ......File: grub\n+00015270: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5468 .info, Node: Th\n+00015280: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742c eme file format,\n+00015290: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b2c Next: Network,\n+000152a0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 Prev: Configur\n+000152b0: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a ation, Up: Top.\n+000152c0: 0a37 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f .7 Theme file fo\n+000152d0: 726d 6174 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a rmat.***********\n+000152e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 372e 3120 496e ********..7.1 In\n+000152f0: 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d troduction.=====\n+00015300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n+00015310: 2047 5255 4220 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 GRUB graphical \n+00015320: 6d65 6e75 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7468 menu supports th\n+00015330: 656d 6573 2074 6861 7420 6361 6e20 6375 emes that can cu\n+00015340: 7374 6f6d 697a 6520 7468 6520 6c61 796f stomize the layo\n+00015350: 7574 0a61 6e64 2061 7070 6561 7261 6e63 ut.and appearanc\n+00015360: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 626f e of the GRUB bo\n+00015370: 6f74 206d 656e 752e 2020 5468 6520 7468 ot menu. The th\n+00015380: 656d 6520 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 eme is configure\n+00015390: 6420 7468 726f 7567 6820 610a 706c 6169 d through a.plai\n+000153a0: 6e20 7465 7874 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 n text file that\n+000153b0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 206c specifies the l\n+000153c0: 6179 6f75 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6172 ayout of the var\n+000153d0: 696f 7573 2047 5549 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 ious GUI compone\n+000153e0: 6e74 730a 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 nts.(including t\n+000153f0: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2c20 7469 he boot menu, ti\n+00015400: 6d65 6f75 7420 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 meout progress b\n+00015410: 6172 2c20 616e 6420 7465 7874 206d 6573 ar, and text mes\n+00015420: 7361 6765 7329 2061 730a 7765 6c6c 2061 sages) as.well a\n+00015430: 7320 7468 6520 6170 7065 6172 616e 6365 s the appearance\n+00015440: 2075 7369 6e67 2063 6f6c 6f72 732c 2066 using colors, f\n+00015450: 6f6e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 696d 6167 6573 onts, and images\n+00015460: 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 730a 6176 . Example is.av\n+00015470: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2064 6f63 732f ailable in docs/\n+00015480: 6578 616d 706c 655f 7468 656d 652e 7478 example_theme.tx\n+00015490: 740a 0a37 2e32 2054 6865 6d65 2045 6c65 t..7.2 Theme Ele\n+000154a0: 6d65 6e74 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ments.==========\n+000154b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 372e 322e 3120 ========..7.2.1 \n+000154c0: 436f 6c6f 7273 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Colors.---------\n+000154d0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a43 6f6c 6f72 7320 6361 6e20 ---..Colors can \n+000154e0: 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 be specified in \n+000154f0: 7365 7665 7261 6c20 7761 7973 3a0a 0a20 several ways:.. \n+00015500: 2020 e280 a220 4854 4d4c 2d73 7479 6c65 ... HTML-style\n+00015510: 2022 2352 5247 4742 4222 206f 7220 2223 \"#RRGGBB\" or \"#\n+00015520: 5247 4222 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2077 6865 RGB\" format, whe\n+00015530: 7265 202a 522a 2c20 2a47 2a2c 2061 6e64 re *R*, *G*, and\n+00015540: 202a 422a 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6865 *B* are. he\n+00015550: 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 xadecimal digits\n+00015560: 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2223 3838 3939 4646 (e.g., \"#8899FF\n+00015570: 2229 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6173 2063 6f6d \"). ... as com\n+00015580: 6d61 2d73 6570 6172 6174 6564 2064 6563 ma-separated dec\n+00015590: 696d 616c 2052 4742 2076 616c 7565 7320 imal RGB values \n+000155a0: 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 3132 382c 2031 3238 (e.g., \"128, 128\n+000155b0: 2c20 3235 3522 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 2077 , 255\"). ... w\n+000155c0: 6974 6820 2253 5647 2031 2e30 2063 6f6c ith \"SVG 1.0 col\n+000155d0: 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2220 2865 2e67 2e2c or names\" (e.g.,\n+000155e0: 2022 636f 726e 666c 6f77 6572 626c 7565 \"cornflowerblue\n+000155f0: 2229 2077 6869 6368 206d 7573 7420 6265 \") which must be\n+00015600: 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 . specified \n+00015610: 696e 206c 6f77 6572 6361 7365 2e0a 0a37 in lowercase...7\n+00015620: 2e32 2e32 2046 6f6e 7473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .2.2 Fonts.-----\n+00015630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6e74 ------..The font\n+00015640: 7320 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 2250 4646 s GRUB uses \"PFF\n+00015650: 3220 666f 6e74 2066 6f72 6d61 7422 2062 2 font format\" b\n+00015660: 6974 6d61 7020 666f 6e74 732e 2020 466f itmap fonts. Fo\n+00015670: 6e74 7320 6172 650a 7370 6563 6966 6965 nts are.specifie\n+00015680: 6420 7769 7468 2066 756c 6c20 666f 6e74 d with full font\n+00015690: 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2043 7572 7265 6e74 names. Current\n+000156a0: 6c79 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2070 ly there is no p\n+000156b0: 726f 7669 7369 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 0a70 rovision for a.p\n+000156c0: 7265 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6c69 7374 206f reference list o\n+000156d0: 6620 666f 6e74 732c 206f 7220 6465 7269 f fonts, or deri\n+000156e0: 7669 6e67 206f 6e65 2066 6f6e 7420 6672 ving one font fr\n+000156f0: 6f6d 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2e20 2046 6f6e om another. Fon\n+00015700: 7473 2061 7265 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 7769 ts are.loaded wi\n+00015710: 7468 2074 6865 2022 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 th the \"loadfont\n+00015720: 2220 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 696e 2047 5255 \" command in GRU\n+00015730: 4220 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e B (*note loadfon\n+00015740: 743a 3a29 2e20 2054 6f20 7365 650a 7468 t::). To see.th\n+00015750: 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6c6f 6164 6564 e list of loaded\n+00015760: 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 6578 6563 7574 6520 fonts, execute \n+00015770: 7468 6520 226c 7366 6f6e 7473 2220 636f the \"lsfonts\" co\n+00015780: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a6c 7366 mmand (*note.lsf\n+00015790: 6f6e 7473 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2074 6865 onts::). If the\n+000157a0: 7265 2061 7265 2074 6f6f 206d 616e 7920 re are too many \n+000157b0: 666f 6e74 7320 746f 2066 6974 206f 6e20 fonts to fit on \n+000157c0: 7363 7265 656e 2c20 646f 2022 7365 740a screen, do \"set.\n+000157d0: 7061 6765 723d 3122 2062 6566 6f72 6520 pager=1\" before \n+000157e0: 6578 6563 7574 696e 6720 226c 7366 6f6e executing \"lsfon\n+000157f0: 7473 222e 0a0a 372e 322e 3320 5072 6f67 ts\"...7.2.3 Prog\n+00015800: 7265 7373 2042 6172 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ress Bar.-------\n+00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a46 6967 -----------..Fig\n+00015820: 7572 6520 372e 310a 0a46 6967 7572 6520 ure 7.1..Figure \n+00015830: 372e 320a 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7.2.Progress bar\n+00015840: 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6469 s are used to di\n+00015850: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e splay the remain\n+00015860: 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2062 6566 6f72 6520 ing time before \n+00015870: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 0a74 6865 2064 GRUB boots.the d\n+00015880: 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 efault menu entr\n+00015890: 792e 2020 546f 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 y. To create a \n+000158a0: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2074 6861 progress bar tha\n+000158b0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 t will display t\n+000158c0: 6865 0a72 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 696d he.remaining tim\n+000158d0: 6520 6265 666f 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 e before automat\n+000158e0: 6963 2062 6f6f 742c 2073 696d 706c 7920 ic boot, simply \n+000158f0: 6372 6561 7465 2061 2022 7072 6f67 7265 create a \"progre\n+00015900: 7373 5f62 6172 220a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e ss_bar\".componen\n+00015910: 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6420 225f t with the id \"_\n+00015920: 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 222e 2020 5468 _timeout__\". Th\n+00015930: 6973 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6f20 is indicates to \n+00015940: 4752 5542 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 7072 GRUB that the.pr\n+00015950: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c ogress bar shoul\n+00015960: 6420 6265 2075 7064 6174 6564 2061 7320 d be updated as \n+00015970: 7469 6d65 2070 6173 7365 732c 2061 6e64 time passes, and\n+00015980: 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6d61 it should be ma\n+00015990: 6465 0a69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2069 6620 de.invisible if \n+000159a0: 7468 6520 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 746f the countdown to\n+000159b0: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 7420 automatic boot \n+000159c0: 6973 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 2062 is interrupted b\n+000159d0: 7920 7468 6520 7573 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 y the user... \n+000159e0: 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 6d61 Progress bars ma\n+000159f0: 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2068 6176 y optionally hav\n+00015a00: 6520 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 e text displayed\n+00015a10: 206f 6e20 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 on them. This \n+00015a20: 7465 7874 0a69 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c text.is controll\n+00015a30: 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2022 ed by variable \"\n+00015a40: 7465 7874 2220 7768 6963 6820 636f 6e74 text\" which cont\n+00015a50: 6169 6e73 2061 2070 7269 6e74 6620 7465 ains a printf te\n+00015a60: 6d70 6c61 7465 2077 6974 680a 7468 6520 mplate with.the \n+00015a70: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 2564 only argument %d\n+00015a80: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f is the number o\n+00015a90: 6620 7365 636f 6e64 7320 7265 6d61 696e f seconds remain\n+00015aa0: 696e 672e 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c ing. Additional\n+00015ab0: 6c79 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2076 616c 7565 ly.special value\n+00015ac0: 7320 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 s \"@TIMEOUT_NOTI\n+00015ad0: 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 4022 FICATION_SHORT@\"\n+00015ae0: 2c0a 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 ,.\"@TIMEOUT_NOTI\n+00015af0: 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 FICATION_MIDDLE@\n+00015b00: 222c 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 \", \"@TIMEOUT_NOT\n+00015b10: 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 4022 IFICATION_LONG@\"\n+00015b20: 2061 7265 0a72 6570 6c61 6365 6420 7769 are.replaced wi\n+00015b30: 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 616e 6420 th standard and \n+00015b40: 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2074 656d 706c translated templ\n+00015b50: 6174 6573 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e34 2043 6972 ates...7.2.4 Cir\n+00015b60: 6375 6c61 7220 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2049 cular Progress I\n+00015b70: 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ndicator.-------\n 00015b80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00015b90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00015ba0: 0a0a 5468 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 2070 ..The circular p\n-00015bb0: 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f rogress indicato\n-00015bc0: 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 7369 6d69 r functions simi\n-00015bd0: 6c61 726c 7920 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f larly to the pro\n-00015be0: 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 0a57 6865 6e20 gress bar..When \n-00015bf0: 6769 7665 6e20 616e 2069 6420 6f66 2022 given an id of \"\n-00015c00: 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2c20 4752 __timeout__\", GR\n-00015c10: 5542 2075 7064 6174 6573 2074 6865 2063 UB updates the c\n-00015c20: 6972 6375 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 ircular progress\n-00015c30: 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2773 2076 616c .indicator's val\n-00015c40: 7565 2074 6f20 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 ue to indicate t\n-00015c50: 6865 2074 696d 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e he time remainin\n-00015c60: 672e 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6369 7263 g. For the circ\n-00015c70: 756c 6172 0a70 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e ular.progress in\n-00015c80: 6469 6361 746f 722c 2074 6865 7265 2061 dicator, there a\n-00015c90: 7265 2074 776f 2069 6d61 6765 7320 7573 re two images us\n-00015ca0: 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6e64 6572 2069 743a ed to render it:\n-00015cb0: 2074 6865 202a 6365 6e74 6572 2a0a 696d the *center*.im\n-00015cc0: 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 202a 7469 age, and the *ti\n-00015cd0: 636b 2a20 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 ck* image. The \n-00015ce0: 6365 6e74 6572 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 center image is \n-00015cf0: 7265 6e64 6572 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 rendered in the \n-00015d00: 6365 6e74 6572 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 636f center.of the co\n-00015d10: 6d70 6f6e 656e 742c 2077 6869 6c65 2074 mponent, while t\n-00015d20: 6865 2074 6963 6b20 696d 6167 6520 6973 he tick image is\n-00015d30: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2072 656e 6465 7220 used to render \n-00015d40: 6561 6368 206d 6172 6b20 616c 6f6e 670a each mark along.\n-00015d50: 7468 6520 6369 7263 756d 6665 7265 6e63 the circumferenc\n-00015d60: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6e64 6963 6174 e of the indicat\n-00015d70: 6f72 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e35 204c 6162 656c or...7.2.5 Label\n-00015d80: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a s.------------..\n-00015d90: 5465 7874 206c 6162 656c 7320 6361 6e20 Text labels can \n-00015da0: 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 be placed on the\n-00015db0: 2062 6f6f 7420 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2054 boot screen. 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The ic\n-00015ff0: 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2062 on is selected b\n-00016000: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 2a63 6c61 ased on the *cla\n-00016010: 7373 6573 2a20 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a sses* specified.\n-00016020: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 for the menu ent\n-00016030: 7279 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 ry. If there is\n-00016040: 2061 2050 4e47 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 a PNG file name\n-00016050: 6420 226d 7963 6c61 7373 2e70 6e67 2220 d \"myclass.png\" \n-00016060: 696e 2074 6865 0a22 6772 7562 2f74 6865 in the.\"grub/the\n-00016070: 6d65 732f 6963 6f6e 7322 2064 6972 6563 mes/icons\" direc\n-00016080: 746f 7279 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 tory, it will be\n-00016090: 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2066 6f72 2069 displayed for i\n-000160a0: 7465 6d73 2077 6869 6368 2068 6176 650a tems which have.\n-000160b0: 7468 6520 636c 6173 7320 2a6d 7963 6c61 the class *mycla\n-000160c0: 7373 2a2e 2020 5468 6520 626f 6f74 206d ss*. The boot m\n-000160d0: 656e 7520 6361 6e20 6265 2063 7573 746f enu can be custo\n-000160e0: 6d69 7a65 6420 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c mized in several\n-000160f0: 2077 6179 732c 0a73 7563 6820 6173 2074 ways,.such as t\n-00016100: 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 616e 6420 636f 6c6f he font and colo\n-00016110: 7220 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d r used for the m\n-00016120: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c 652c enu entry title,\n-00016130: 2061 6e64 2062 790a 7370 6563 6966 7969 and by.specifyi\n-00016140: 6e67 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 7320 ng styled boxes \n-00016150: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7473 for the menu its\n-00016160: 656c 6620 616e 6420 666f 7220 7468 6520 elf and for the \n-00016170: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2069 7465 6d0a 6869 selected item.hi\n-00016180: 6768 6c69 6768 742e 0a0a 372e 322e 3720 ghlight...7.2.7 \n-00016190: 5374 796c 6564 2042 6f78 6573 0a2d 2d2d Styled Boxes.---\n-000161a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-000161b0: 0a4f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 .One of the most\n-000161c0: 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2066 6561 7475 important featu\n-000161d0: 7265 7320 666f 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 697a res for customiz\n-000161e0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6c61 796f 7574 2069 ing the layout i\n-000161f0: 7320 7468 6520 7573 650a 6f66 202a 7374 s the use.of *st\n-00016200: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2a2e 2020 4120 yled boxes*. A \n-00016210: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 7320 636f styled box is co\n-00016220: 6d70 6f73 6564 206f 6620 3920 7265 6374 mposed of 9 rect\n-00016230: 616e 6775 6c61 7220 2861 6e64 0a70 6f74 angular (and.pot\n-00016240: 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2065 6d70 7479 2920 entially empty) \n-00016250: 7265 6769 6f6e 732c 2077 6869 6368 2061 regions, which a\n-00016260: 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 6561 6d6c re used to seaml\n-00016270: 6573 736c 7920 6472 6177 2074 6865 2073 essly draw the s\n-00016280: 7479 6c65 640a 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 tyled.box on scr\n-00016290: 6565 6e3a 0a0a 4e6f 7274 6877 6573 7420 een:..Northwest \n-000162a0: 286e 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f72 (nw) Nor\n-000162b0: 7468 2028 6e29 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 th (n) \n-000162c0: 2020 2020 4e6f 7274 6865 6173 7420 286e Northeast (n\n-000162d0: 6529 0a57 6573 7420 2877 2920 2020 2020 e).West (w) \n-000162e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4365 6e74 6572 Center\n-000162f0: 2028 6329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (c) \n-00016300: 2045 6173 7420 2865 290a 536f 7574 6877 East (e).Southw\n-00016310: 6573 7420 2873 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 est (sw) \n-00016320: 2053 6f75 7468 2028 7329 2020 2020 2020 South (s) \n-00016330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f 7574 6865 6173 Southeas\n-00016340: 7420 2873 6529 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7375 t (se).. To su\n-00016350: 7070 6f72 7420 616e 7920 7369 7a65 206f pport any size o\n-00016360: 6620 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c f box on screen,\n-00016370: 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 the center slic\n-00016380: 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 e and the slices\n-00016390: 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2c20 626f .for the top, bo\n-000163a0: 7474 6f6d 2c20 616e 6420 7369 6465 7320 ttom, and sides \n-000163b0: 6172 6520 616c 6c20 7363 616c 6564 2074 are all scaled t\n-000163c0: 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 7369 o the correct si\n-000163d0: 7a65 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 706f ze for.the compo\n-000163e0: 6e65 6e74 206f 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2c20 nent on screen, \n-000163f0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 using the follow\n-00016400: 696e 6720 7275 6c65 733a 0a0a 2020 312e ing rules:.. 1.\n-00016410: 2054 6865 2065 6467 6520 736c 6963 6573 The edge slices\n-00016420: 2028 6e6f 7274 682c 2073 6f75 7468 2c20 (north, south, \n-00016430: 6561 7374 2c20 616e 6420 7765 7374 2920 east, and west) \n-00016440: 6172 6520 7363 616c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 are scaled in th\n-00016450: 650a 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 7469 6f6e e. direction\n-00016460: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6564 6765 2074 6865 of the edge the\n-00016470: 7920 6172 6520 6164 6a61 6365 6e74 2074 y are adjacent t\n-00016480: 6f2e 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 o. For instance\n-00016490: 2c20 7468 6520 7765 7374 0a20 2020 2020 , the west. \n-000164a0: 736c 6963 6520 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 slice is scaled \n-000164b0: 7665 7274 6963 616c 6c79 2e0a 2020 322e vertically.. 2.\n-000164c0: 2054 6865 2063 6f72 6e65 7220 736c 6963 The corner slic\n-000164d0: 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 742c 206e es (northwest, n\n-000164e0: 6f72 7468 6561 7374 2c20 736f 7574 6865 ortheast, southe\n-000164f0: 6173 742c 2061 6e64 2073 6f75 7468 7765 ast, and southwe\n-00016500: 7374 290a 2020 2020 2061 7265 206e 6f74 st). are not\n-00016510: 2073 6361 6c65 642e 0a20 2033 2e20 5468 scaled.. 3. Th\n-00016520: 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2069 e center slice i\n-00016530: 7320 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c s scaled to fill\n-00016540: 2074 6865 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 the remaining s\n-00016550: 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 pace in the. \n-00016560: 206d 6964 646c 652e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 middle... 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It is \n+00015fa0: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6974 656d 732c a list of items,\n+00015fb0: 2077 6865 7265 2065 6163 6820 6974 656d where each item\n+00015fc0: 2068 6173 2061 2074 6974 6c65 2061 6e64 has a title and\n+00015fd0: 2061 6e0a 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 636f an.optional ico\n+00015fe0: 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 6963 6f6e 2069 7320 n. The icon is \n+00015ff0: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2062 6173 6564 206f selected based o\n+00016000: 6e20 7468 6520 2a63 6c61 7373 6573 2a20 n the *classes* \n+00016010: 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a 666f 7220 7468 specified.for th\n+00016020: 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2049 e menu entry. I\n+00016030: 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 2061 2050 4e47 f there is a PNG\n+00016040: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 226d 7963 file named \"myc\n+00016050: 6c61 7373 2e70 6e67 2220 696e 2074 6865 lass.png\" in the\n+00016060: 0a22 6772 7562 2f74 6865 6d65 732f 6963 .\"grub/themes/ic\n+00016070: 6f6e 7322 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 ons\" directory, \n+00016080: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c it will be displ\n+00016090: 6179 6564 2066 6f72 2069 7465 6d73 2077 ayed for items w\n+000160a0: 6869 6368 2068 6176 650a 7468 6520 636c hich have.the cl\n+000160b0: 6173 7320 2a6d 7963 6c61 7373 2a2e 2020 ass *myclass*. \n+000160c0: 5468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 6361 The boot menu ca\n+000160d0: 6e20 6265 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 6420 n be customized \n+000160e0: 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 732c in several ways,\n+000160f0: 0a73 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2066 6f6e .such as the fon\n+00016100: 7420 616e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 7573 6564 t and color used\n+00016110: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e for the menu en\n+00016120: 7472 7920 7469 746c 652c 2061 6e64 2062 try title, and b\n+00016130: 790a 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2073 7479 y.specifying sty\n+00016140: 6c65 6420 626f 7865 7320 666f 7220 7468 led boxes for th\n+00016150: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7473 656c 6620 616e e menu itself an\n+00016160: 6420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 d for the select\n+00016170: 6564 2069 7465 6d0a 6869 6768 6c69 6768 ed item.highligh\n+00016180: 742e 0a0a 372e 322e 3720 5374 796c 6564 t...7.2.7 Styled\n+00016190: 2042 6f78 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Boxes.---------\n+000161a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4f 6e65 206f ---------..One o\n+000161b0: 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 f the most impor\n+000161c0: 7461 6e74 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 666f tant features fo\n+000161d0: 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 697a 696e 6720 7468 r customizing th\n+000161e0: 6520 6c61 796f 7574 2069 7320 7468 6520 e layout is the \n+000161f0: 7573 650a 6f66 202a 7374 796c 6564 2062 use.of *styled b\n+00016200: 6f78 6573 2a2e 2020 4120 7374 796c 6564 oxes*. A styled\n+00016210: 2062 6f78 2069 7320 636f 6d70 6f73 6564 box is composed\n+00016220: 206f 6620 3920 7265 6374 616e 6775 6c61 of 9 rectangula\n+00016230: 7220 2861 6e64 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 616c r (and.potential\n+00016240: 6c79 2065 6d70 7479 2920 7265 6769 6f6e ly empty) region\n+00016250: 732c 2077 6869 6368 2061 7265 2075 7365 s, which are use\n+00016260: 6420 746f 2073 6561 6d6c 6573 736c 7920 d to seamlessly \n+00016270: 6472 6177 2074 6865 2073 7479 6c65 640a draw the styled.\n+00016280: 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e3a 0a0a box on screen:..\n+00016290: 4e6f 7274 6877 6573 7420 286e 7729 2020 Northwest (nw) \n+000162a0: 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f72 7468 2028 6e29 North (n)\n+000162b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f No\n+000162c0: 7274 6865 6173 7420 286e 6529 0a57 6573 rtheast (ne).Wes\n+000162d0: 7420 2877 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t (w) \n+000162e0: 2020 2020 4365 6e74 6572 2028 6329 2020 Center (c) \n+000162f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6173 7420 East \n+00016300: 2865 290a 536f 7574 6877 6573 7420 2873 (e).Southwest (s\n+00016310: 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6f75 7468 w) South\n+00016320: 2028 7329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (s) \n+00016330: 2020 536f 7574 6865 6173 7420 2873 6529 Southeast (se)\n+00016340: 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 .. To support \n+00016350: 616e 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 626f 7820 any size of box \n+00016360: 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2074 6865 2063 on screen, the c\n+00016370: 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 616e 6420 enter slice and \n+00016380: 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 0a66 6f72 2074 the slices.for t\n+00016390: 6865 2074 6f70 2c20 626f 7474 6f6d 2c20 he top, bottom, \n+000163a0: 616e 6420 7369 6465 7320 6172 6520 616c and sides are al\n+000163b0: 6c20 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 l scaled to the \n+000163c0: 636f 7272 6563 7420 7369 7a65 2066 6f72 correct size for\n+000163d0: 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206f .the component o\n+000163e0: 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2c20 7573 696e 6720 n screen, using \n+000163f0: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7275 the following ru\n+00016400: 6c65 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2054 6865 2065 les:.. 1. The e\n+00016410: 6467 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 dge slices (nort\n+00016420: 682c 2073 6f75 7468 2c20 6561 7374 2c20 h, south, east, \n+00016430: 616e 6420 7765 7374 2920 6172 6520 7363 and west) are sc\n+00016440: 616c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 aled in the. \n+00016450: 2064 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 direction of th\n+00016460: 6520 6564 6765 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 e edge they are \n+00016470: 6164 6a61 6365 6e74 2074 6f2e 2020 466f adjacent to. Fo\n+00016480: 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 7468 6520 r instance, the \n+00016490: 7765 7374 0a20 2020 2020 736c 6963 6520 west. slice \n+000164a0: 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 7665 7274 6963 is scaled vertic\n+000164b0: 616c 6c79 2e0a 2020 322e 2054 6865 2063 ally.. 2. The c\n+000164c0: 6f72 6e65 7220 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f orner slices (no\n+000164d0: 7274 6877 6573 742c 206e 6f72 7468 6561 rthwest, northea\n+000164e0: 7374 2c20 736f 7574 6865 6173 742c 2061 st, southeast, a\n+000164f0: 6e64 2073 6f75 7468 7765 7374 290a 2020 nd southwest). \n+00016500: 2020 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 6361 6c65 are not scale\n+00016510: 642e 0a20 2033 2e20 5468 6520 6365 6e74 d.. 3. The cent\n+00016520: 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2069 7320 7363 616c er slice is scal\n+00016530: 6564 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c 2074 6865 2072 ed to fill the r\n+00016540: 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 6365 2069 emaining space i\n+00016550: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 6964 646c n the. middl\n+00016560: 652e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 616e 2065 7861 e... As an exa\n+00016570: 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 686f 7720 616e 2069 mple of how an i\n+00016580: 6d61 6765 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 736c mage might be sl\n+00016590: 6963 6564 2075 702c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 iced up, conside\n+000165a0: 7220 7468 6520 7374 796c 6564 0a62 6f78 r the styled.box\n+000165b0: 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 7465 726d used for a term\n+000165c0: 696e 616c 2076 6965 772e 0a0a 4669 6775 inal view...Figu\n+000165d0: 7265 2037 2e33 0a0a 372e 322e 3820 4372 re 7.3..7.2.8 Cr\n+000165e0: 6561 7469 6e67 2053 7479 6c65 6420 426f eating Styled Bo\n+000165f0: 7820 496d 6167 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d x Images.-------\n 00016600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00016610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00016620: 0a54 6865 2049 6e6b 7363 6170 655f 2073 .The Inkscape_ s\n-00016630: 6361 6c61 626c 6520 7665 6374 6f72 2067 calable vector g\n-00016640: 7261 7068 6963 7320 6564 6974 6f72 2069 raphics editor i\n-00016650: 7320 6120 7665 7279 2075 7365 6675 6c20 s a very useful \n-00016660: 746f 6f6c 2066 6f72 0a63 7265 6174 696e tool for.creatin\n-00016670: 6720 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 6d61 g styled box ima\n-00016680: 6765 732e 2020 4f6e 6520 7072 6f63 6573 ges. One proces\n-00016690: 7320 7468 6174 2077 6f72 6b73 2077 656c s that works wel\n-000166a0: 6c20 666f 7220 736c 6963 696e 6720 610a l for slicing a.\n-000166b0: 6472 6177 696e 6720 696e 746f 2074 6865 drawing into the\n-000166c0: 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 2069 6d61 6765 necessary image\n-000166d0: 2073 6c69 6365 7320 6973 3a0a 0a20 2031 slices is:.. 1\n-000166e0: 2e20 4372 6561 7465 206f 7220 6f70 656e . Create or open\n-000166f0: 2074 6865 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2079 6f75 the drawing you\n-00016700: 2764 206c 696b 6520 7573 652e 0a20 2032 'd like use.. 2\n-00016710: 2e20 4372 6561 7465 2061 206e 6577 206c . Create a new l\n-00016720: 6179 6572 206f 6e20 7468 6520 746f 7020 ayer on the top \n-00016730: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6179 6572 2073 7461 of the layer sta\n-00016740: 636b 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6974 2076 6973 ck. Make it vis\n-00016750: 6962 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 656c 6563 ible.. Selec\n-00016760: 7420 7468 6973 206c 6179 6572 2061 7320 t this layer as \n-00016770: 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6c61 7965 the current laye\n-00016780: 722e 0a20 2033 2e20 4472 6177 2039 2072 r.. 3. Draw 9 r\n-00016790: 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 7320 6f6e 2079 6f75 ectangles on you\n-000167a0: 7220 6472 6177 696e 6720 7768 6572 6520 r drawing where \n-000167b0: 796f 7527 6420 6c69 6b65 2074 6865 2073 you'd like the s\n-000167c0: 6c69 6365 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6265 lices to. be\n-000167d0: 2e20 2043 6c65 6172 2074 6865 2066 696c . Clear the fil\n-000167e0: 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 616e 6420 7365 l option, and se\n-000167f0: 7420 7468 6520 7374 726f 6b65 2074 6f20 t the stroke to \n-00016800: 3120 7069 7865 6c20 7769 6465 0a20 2020 1 pixel wide. \n-00016810: 2020 736f 6c69 6420 7374 726f 6b65 2e20 solid stroke. \n-00016820: 2054 6865 2063 6f72 6e65 7273 206f 6620 The corners of \n-00016830: 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 206d 7573 7420 the slices must \n-00016840: 6d65 6574 2070 7265 6369 7365 6c79 3b20 meet precisely; \n-00016850: 6966 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6f66 if it. is of\n-00016860: 6620 6279 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 7069 f by a single pi\n-00016870: 7865 6c2c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2070 726f xel, it will pro\n-00016880: 6261 626c 7920 6265 2065 7669 6465 6e74 bably be evident\n-00016890: 2077 6865 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 when the. s\n-000168a0: 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 6973 2072 656e tyled box is ren\n-000168b0: 6465 7265 6420 696e 2074 6865 2047 5255 dered in the GRU\n-000168c0: 4220 6d65 6e75 2e20 2059 6f75 2073 686f B menu. You sho\n-000168d0: 756c 6420 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2067 6f20 uld probably go \n-000168e0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 4669 6c65 207c 2044 to. File | D\n-000168f0: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 5072 6f70 6572 7469 ocument Properti\n-00016900: 6573 207c 2047 7269 6473 2061 6e64 2065 es | Grids and e\n-00016910: 6e61 626c 6520 6120 6772 6964 206f 7220 nable a grid or \n-00016920: 6372 6561 7465 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6775 create a. gu\n-00016930: 6964 6520 2863 6c69 636b 206f 6e20 6f6e ide (click on on\n-00016940: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2072 756c 6572 7320 e of the rulers \n-00016950: 6e65 7874 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6472 6177 next to the draw\n-00016960: 696e 6720 616e 6420 6472 6167 206f 7665 ing and drag ove\n-00016970: 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2064 7261 7769 r. the drawi\n-00016980: 6e67 3b20 7265 6c65 6173 6520 7468 6520 ng; release the \n-00016990: 6d6f 7573 6520 6275 7474 6f6e 2074 6f20 mouse button to \n-000169a0: 706c 6163 6520 7468 6520 6775 6964 6529 place the guide)\n-000169b0: 2074 6f20 6865 6c70 0a20 2020 2020 706c to help. pl\n-000169c0: 6163 6520 7468 6520 7265 6374 616e 676c ace the rectangl\n-000169d0: 6573 2070 7265 6369 7365 6c79 2e0a 2020 es precisely.. \n-000169e0: 342e 2052 6967 6874 2063 6c69 636b 206f 4. Right click o\n-000169f0: 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 n the center sli\n-00016a00: 6365 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 2061 6e64 ce rectangle and\n-00016a10: 2063 686f 6f73 6520 4f62 6a65 6374 0a20 choose Object. \n-00016a20: 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 2e20 Properties. \n-00016a30: 2043 6861 6e67 6520 7468 6520 2249 6422 Change the \"Id\"\n-00016a40: 2074 6f20 2273 6c69 6365 5f63 2220 616e to \"slice_c\" an\n-00016a50: 6420 636c 6963 6b20 5365 742e 2020 5265 d click Set. Re\n-00016a60: 7065 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6973 2066 peat. this f\n-00016a70: 6f72 2074 6865 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 or the remaining\n-00016a80: 2038 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 732c 2067 8 rectangles, g\n-00016a90: 6976 696e 6720 7468 656d 2049 6420 7661 iving them Id va\n-00016aa0: 6c75 6573 206f 660a 2020 2020 2022 736c lues of. \"sl\n-00016ab0: 6963 655f 6e22 2c20 2273 6c69 6365 5f6e ice_n\", \"slice_n\n-00016ac0: 6522 2c20 2273 6c69 6365 5f65 222c 2061 e\", \"slice_e\", a\n-00016ad0: 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2061 6363 6f72 6469 nd so on accordi\n-00016ae0: 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206c ng to the. l\n-00016af0: 6f63 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 2035 2e20 5361 ocation.. 5. Sa\n-00016b00: 7665 2074 6865 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2e0a ve the drawing..\n-00016b10: 2020 362e 2053 656c 6563 7420 616c 6c20 6. Select all \n-00016b20: 7468 6520 736c 6963 6520 7265 6374 616e the slice rectan\n-00016b30: 676c 6573 2e20 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 gles. 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Click\n-00016be0: 2074 6865 206c 6179 6572 2068 6964 6520 the layer hide \n-00016bf0: 6963 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2073 6c69 icon for the sli\n-00016c00: 6365 206c 6179 6572 2069 6e20 7468 6520 ce layer in the \n-00016c10: 6c61 7965 7220 7061 6c65 7474 652e 0a20 layer palette.. \n-00016c20: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7265 6374 616e 676c The rectangl\n-00016c30: 6573 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6d61 696e 2073 es will remain s\n-00016c40: 656c 6563 7465 642c 2065 7665 6e20 7468 elected, even th\n-00016c50: 6f75 6768 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6869 ough they are hi\n-00016c60: 6464 656e 2e0a 2020 382e 2043 686f 6f73 dden.. 8. 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Draw 9 rectang\n+00016790: 6c65 7320 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6177 les on your draw\n+000167a0: 696e 6720 7768 6572 6520 796f 7527 6420 ing where you'd \n+000167b0: 6c69 6b65 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 7320 like the slices \n+000167c0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2e20 2043 6c65 to. be. Cle\n+000167d0: 6172 2074 6865 2066 696c 6c20 6f70 7469 ar the fill opti\n+000167e0: 6f6e 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 6520 on, and set the \n+000167f0: 7374 726f 6b65 2074 6f20 3120 7069 7865 stroke to 1 pixe\n+00016800: 6c20 7769 6465 0a20 2020 2020 736f 6c69 l wide. soli\n+00016810: 6420 7374 726f 6b65 2e20 2054 6865 2063 d stroke. 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It will be \n+00017300: 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 6669 7420 7468 scaled to fit th\n+00017310: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00017320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6565 6e20 screen \n+00017330: 7369 7a65 206f 7220 7072 6f70 6f72 7469 size or proporti\n+00017340: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2073 6361 6c65 640a 2020 onally scaled. \n+00017350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017360: 2020 2020 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f depending o\n+00017370: 6e20 7468 6520 7363 616c 6520 6d65 7468 n the scale meth\n+00017380: 6f64 2e0a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 od..desktop-imag\n+00017390: 652d 7363 616c 652d 6d65 7468 6f64 5370 e-scale-methodSp\n+000173a0: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 7363 616c ecifies the scal\n+000173b0: 696e 6720 6d65 7468 6f64 2066 6f72 2074 ing method for t\n+000173c0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+000173d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 *deskt\n+000173e0: 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a2e 2020 4f70 7469 op-image*. Opti\n+000173f0: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 2273 7472 6574 6368 ons are \"stretch\n+00017400: 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \",. \n+00017410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 726f 7022 \"crop\"\n+00017420: 2c20 2270 6164 6469 6e67 222c 2022 6669 , \"padding\", \"fi\n+00017430: 7477 6964 7468 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 twidth\",. \n 00017440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017450: 2020 2020 2020 2266 6974 6865 6967 6874 \"fitheight\n-00017460: 222e 2020 2273 7472 6574 6368 2220 666f \". \"stretch\" fo\n-00017470: 7220 6669 7474 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 r fitting the. \n-00017480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017490: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6565 6e20 7369 7a65 screen size\n-000174a0: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2069 7420 . Otherwise it \n-000174b0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 is. \n-000174c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f70 6f72 propor\n-000174d0: 7469 6f6e 616c 2073 6361 6c69 6e67 206f tional scaling o\n-000174e0: 6620 6120 7061 7274 206f 660a 2020 2020 f a part of. \n-000174f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017500: 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 *desktop-imag\n-00017510: 652a 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 206f e* to the part o\n-00017520: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n-00017530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 scr\n-00017540: 6565 6e2e 2020 2263 726f 7022 2070 6172 een. \"crop\" par\n-00017550: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t of the. \n-00017560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017570: 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 *desktop-image* \n-00017580: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7072 6f70 6f72 7469 will be proporti\n-00017590: 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 onally. \n-000175a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 sc\n-000175b0: 616c 6564 2074 6f20 6669 7420 7468 6520 aled to fit the \n-000175c0: 7363 7265 656e 2073 697a 6573 2e0a 2020 screen sizes.. \n-000175d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000175e0: 2020 2020 2022 7061 6464 696e 6722 2074 \"padding\" t\n-000175f0: 6865 2065 6e74 6972 6520 2a64 6573 6b74 he entire *deskt\n-00017600: 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 7769 6c6c 0a20 op-image* will. \n+00017450: 2266 6974 6865 6967 6874 222e 2020 2273 \"fitheight\". \"s\n+00017460: 7472 6574 6368 2220 666f 7220 6669 7474 tretch\" for fitt\n+00017470: 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing the. \n+00017480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+00017490: 6372 6565 6e20 7369 7a65 2e20 204f 7468 creen size. Oth\n+000174a0: 6572 7769 7365 2069 7420 6973 0a20 2020 erwise it is. \n+000174b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000174c0: 2020 2020 7072 6f70 6f72 7469 6f6e 616c proportional\n+000174d0: 2073 6361 6c69 6e67 206f 6620 6120 7061 scaling of a pa\n+000174e0: 7274 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rt of. \n+000174f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 *de\n+00017500: 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2074 6f20 sktop-image* to \n+00017510: 7468 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a the part of the.\n+00017520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017530: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 screen. \n+00017540: 2263 726f 7022 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 \"crop\" part of t\n+00017550: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+00017560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 *deskt\n+00017570: 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 7769 6c6c 2062 op-image* will b\n+00017580: 6520 7072 6f70 6f72 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 e proportionally\n+00017590: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000175a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 616c 6564 2074 scaled t\n+000175b0: 6f20 6669 7420 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e o fit the screen\n+000175c0: 2073 697a 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 sizes.. \n+000175d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+000175e0: 7061 6464 696e 6722 2074 6865 2065 6e74 padding\" the ent\n+000175f0: 6972 6520 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 ire *desktop-ima\n+00017600: 6765 2a20 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ge* will. \n 00017610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017620: 2020 2020 2020 6265 2063 6f6e 7461 696e be contain\n-00017630: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e ed on the screen\n-00017640: 2e20 2022 6669 7477 6964 7468 220a 2020 . \"fitwidth\". \n-00017650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017660: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2066 6974 7469 6e67 for fitting\n-00017670: 2074 6865 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d the *desktop-im\n-00017680: 6167 652a 2773 2077 6964 7468 0a20 2020 age*'s width. \n-00017690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000176a0: 2020 2020 7769 7468 2073 6372 6565 6e20 with screen \n-000176b0: 7769 6474 682e 2020 2266 6974 6865 6967 width. \"fitheig\n-000176c0: 6874 2220 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ht\" for. \n-000176d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 f\n-000176e0: 6974 7469 6e67 2074 6865 202a 6465 736b itting the *desk\n-000176f0: 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2773 2068 6569 top-image*'s hei\n-00017700: 6768 7420 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ght with. \n-00017710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017720: 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2068 6569 6768 the screen heigh\n-00017730: 742e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 t. Default is \"\n-00017740: 7374 7265 7463 6822 2e0a 6465 736b 746f stretch\"..deskto\n-00017750: 702d 696d 6167 652d 682d 616c 6967 6e20 p-image-h-align \n-00017760: 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2068 Specifies the h\n-00017770: 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c20 616c 6967 6e6d orizontal alignm\n-00017780: 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ent of the. \n-00017790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000177a0: 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 *desktop-image\n-000177b0: 2a20 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 * if. \n-000177c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 *des\n-000177d0: 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d73 6361 6c65 ktop-image-scale\n-000177e0: 2d6d 6574 686f 642a 2069 736e 2774 2065 -method* isn't e\n-000177f0: 7175 6561 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 queal. \n-00017800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6f20 to \n-00017810: 2273 7472 6574 6368 222e 2020 4f70 7469 \"stretch\". Opti\n-00017820: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 226c 6566 7422 2c0a ons are \"left\",.\n+00017620: 6265 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6564 206f 6e20 be contained on \n+00017630: 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2022 6669 the screen. \"fi\n+00017640: 7477 6964 7468 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 twidth\". \n+00017650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 f\n+00017660: 6f72 2066 6974 7469 6e67 2074 6865 202a or fitting the *\n+00017670: 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2773 desktop-image*'s\n+00017680: 2077 6964 7468 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 width. \n+00017690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 wi\n+000176a0: 7468 2073 6372 6565 6e20 7769 6474 682e th screen width.\n+000176b0: 2020 2266 6974 6865 6967 6874 2220 666f \"fitheight\" fo\n+000176c0: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n+000176d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 6974 7469 6e67 fitting\n+000176e0: 2074 6865 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d the *desktop-im\n+000176f0: 6167 652a 2773 2068 6569 6768 7420 7769 age*'s height wi\n+00017700: 7468 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 th. \n+00017710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7363 the sc\n+00017720: 7265 656e 2068 6569 6768 742e 2020 4465 reen height. De\n+00017730: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 7374 7265 7463 fault is \"stretc\n+00017740: 6822 2e0a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 h\"..desktop-imag\n+00017750: 652d 682d 616c 6967 6e20 2053 7065 6369 e-h-align Speci\n+00017760: 6669 6573 2074 6865 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e fies the horizon\n+00017770: 7461 6c20 616c 6967 6e6d 656e 7420 6f66 tal alignment of\n+00017780: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00017790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 *des\n+000177a0: 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 6966 0a20 ktop-image* if. \n+000177b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000177c0: 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 *desktop-i\n+000177d0: 6d61 6765 2d73 6361 6c65 2d6d 6574 686f mage-scale-metho\n+000177e0: 642a 2069 736e 2774 2065 7175 6561 6c0a d* isn't equeal.\n+000177f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017800: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6f20 2273 7472 6574 to \"stret\n+00017810: 6368 222e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 ch\". 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I\n-00017c00: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n-00017c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6d61 ima\n-00017c20: 6765 2066 6f72 2061 6e79 2073 6c69 6365 ge for any slice\n-00017c30: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 666f 756e 642c 2069 is not found, i\n-00017c40: 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t will. \n-00017c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7369 si\n-00017c60: 6d70 6c79 2062 6520 6c65 6674 2065 6d70 mply be left emp\n-00017c70: 7479 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d62 6f72 ty..terminal-bor\n-00017c80: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 der Speci\n-00017c90: 6669 6573 2074 6865 2062 6f72 6465 7220 fies the border \n-00017ca0: 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 width of the. \n-00017cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017cc0: 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 696e terminal win\n-00017cd0: 646f 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 6c65 dow..terminal-le\n-00017ce0: 6674 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 ft Spec\n-00017cf0: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6c65 6674 2063 ifies the left c\n-00017d00: 6f6f 7264 696e 6174 6520 6f66 2074 6865 oordinate of the\n-00017d10: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00017d20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c terminal\n-00017d30: 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 window..termina\n-00017d40: 6c2d 746f 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l-top \n-00017d50: 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 746f Specifies the to\n-00017d60: 7020 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 206f 6620 p coordinate of \n-00017d70: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n-00017d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 termi\n-00017d90: 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d nal window..term\n-00017da0: 696e 616c 2d77 6964 7468 2020 2020 2020 inal-width \n-00017db0: 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 Specifies the\n-00017dc0: 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 width of the te\n-00017dd0: 726d 696e 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rminal. \n-00017de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 wi\n-00017df0: 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d68 ndow..terminal-h\n-00017e00: 6569 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 eight Spe\n-00017e10: 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2068 6569 6768 cifies the heigh\n-00017e20: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 t of the termina\n-00017e30: 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n-00017e40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696e 646f 772e window.\n-00017e50: 0a0a 372e 332e 3420 436f 6d70 6f6e 656e ..7.3.4 Componen\n-00017e60: 7420 436f 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 0a2d t Construction.-\n+000178c0: 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a20 *desktop-image* \n+000178d0: 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 if. \n+000178e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 *deskt\n+000178f0: 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d73 6361 6c65 2d6d op-image-scale-m\n+00017900: 6574 686f 642a 2069 736e 2774 2065 7175 ethod* isn't equ\n+00017910: 6561 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eal. \n+00017920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6f20 2273 to \"s\n+00017930: 7472 6574 6368 222e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e tretch\". Option\n+00017940: 7320 6172 6520 2274 6f70 222c 0a20 2020 s are \"top\",. \n+00017950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017960: 2020 2020 2263 656e 7465 7222 2c20 2262 \"center\", \"b\n+00017970: 6f74 746f 6d22 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 ottom\". 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For example,.\n+00017ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2022 7465 726d 696e 616c \"terminal\n+00017ae0: 2d62 6f78 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f2a -box: terminal_*\n+00017af0: 2e70 6e67 2220 7769 6c6c 2075 7365 0a20 .png\" will use. \n+00017b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017b10: 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 696d 6167 6573 the images\n+00017b20: 2022 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f63 2e70 6e67 \"terminal_c.png\n+00017b30: 2220 6173 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 720a \" as the center.\n+00017b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017b50: 2020 2020 2020 2061 7265 612c 2022 7465 area, \"te\n+00017b60: 726d 696e 616c 5f6e 2e70 6e67 2220 6173 rminal_n.png\" as\n+00017b70: 2074 6865 206e 6f72 7468 2028 746f 7029 the north (top)\n+00017b80: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6564 6765 2c20 2274 edge, \"t\n+00017ba0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6e77 2e70 6e67 2220 erminal_nw.png\" \n+00017bb0: 6173 2074 6865 206e 6f72 7468 7765 7374 as the northwest\n+00017bc0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00017bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2875 7070 6572 206c (upper l\n+00017be0: 6566 7429 2063 6f72 6e65 722c 2061 6e64 eft) corner, and\n+00017bf0: 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a so on. 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If s\n-00018370: 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 et to. \n-00018380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 4b45 594d \"@KEYM\n-00018390: 4150 5f53 484f 5254 4022 2c20 2240 4b45 AP_SHORT@\", \"@KE\n-000183a0: 594d 4150 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 2220 6f72 YMAP_MIDDLE@\" or\n-000183b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000183c0: 2020 2020 2022 404b 4559 4d41 505f 4c4f \"@KEYMAP_LO\n-000183d0: 4e47 4022 2074 6865 6e20 7072 6564 6566 NG@\" then predef\n-000183e0: 696e 6564 2068 6f74 6b65 790a 2020 2020 ined hotkey. \n-000183f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018400: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c information will\n-00018410: 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 be shown.. \n-00018420: 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 font T\n-00018430: 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 he font to use f\n-00018440: 6f72 2074 6578 7420 6469 7370 6c61 792e or text display.\n-00018450: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 . color \n-00018460: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 206f The color o\n-00018470: 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 2e0a 2020 2020 f the text.. \n-00018480: 2061 6c69 676e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 align \n-00018490: 5468 6520 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 The horizontal a\n-000184a0: 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 7468 6520 lignment of the \n-000184b0: 7465 7874 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 650a text within the.\n-000184c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000184d0: 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 component. \n-000184e0: 4f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 226c 6566 Options are \"lef\n-000184f0: 7422 2c20 2263 656e 7465 7222 2061 6e64 t\", \"center\" and\n-00018500: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00018510: 2020 2020 2022 7269 6768 7422 2e0a 2020 \"right\".. \n-00018520: 2020 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2020 2020 2020 visible \n-00018530: 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 6661 6c73 6522 Set to \"false\"\n-00018540: 2074 6f20 6869 6465 2074 6865 206c 6162 to hide the lab\n-00018550: 656c 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 696d 6167 el... ... imag\n-00018560: 6520 4120 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7468 e A component th\n-00018570: 6174 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 616e 2069 at displays an i\n-00018580: 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 mage. The image\n-00018590: 2069 7320 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 is scaled to. \n-000185a0: 2020 2066 6974 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f fit the compo\n-000185b0: 6e65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 nent... Prop\n-000185c0: 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6669 erties:.. fi\n-000185d0: 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 le The\n-000185e0: 2066 756c 6c20 7061 7468 2074 6f20 7468 full path to th\n-000185f0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 e image file to \n-00018600: 6c6f 6164 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7072 load... ... pr\n-00018610: 6f67 7265 7373 5f62 6172 2044 6973 706c ogress_bar Displ\n-00018620: 6179 7320 6120 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c ays a horizontal\n-00018630: 6c79 206f 7269 656e 7465 6420 7072 6f67 ly oriented prog\n-00018640: 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2049 7420 6361 ress bar. It ca\n-00018650: 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6520 7265 6e64 6572 n. be render\n-00018660: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2073 696d 706c 6520 ed using simple \n-00018670: 736f 6c69 6420 6669 6c6c 6564 2072 6563 solid filled rec\n-00018680: 7461 6e67 6c65 732c 206f 7220 7573 696e tangles, or usin\n-00018690: 6720 6120 7061 6972 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 g a pair. of\n-000186a0: 2070 6978 6d61 7020 7374 796c 6564 2062 pixmap styled b\n-000186b0: 6f78 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 oxes... Prop\n-000186c0: 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6964 erties:.. id\n-000186d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 Set\n-000186e0: 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f to \"__timeout__\n-000186f0: 2220 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 \" to display the\n-00018700: 2074 696d 6520 656c 6170 7365 640a 2020 time elapsed. \n-00018710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018720: 2020 746f 2061 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 to an automati\n-00018730: 6361 6c20 626f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 cal boot of the \n-00018740: 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 0a20 default entry.. \n-00018750: 2020 2020 6667 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 fg_color \n-00018760: 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e The foregroun\n-00018770: 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 706c 6169 d color for plai\n-00018780: 6e20 736f 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 n solid color. \n-00018790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000187a0: 2020 7265 6e64 6572 696e 672e 0a20 2020 rendering.. \n-000187b0: 2020 6267 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 bg_color \n-000187c0: 2054 6865 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 The background \n-000187d0: 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 706c 6169 6e20 color for plain \n-000187e0: 736f 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 solid color. \n-000187f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018800: 7265 6e64 6572 696e 672e 0a20 2020 2020 rendering.. \n-00018810: 626f 7264 6572 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2054 border_color T\n-00018820: 6865 2062 6f72 6465 7220 636f 6c6f 7220 he border color \n-00018830: 666f 7220 706c 6169 6e20 736f 6c69 6420 for plain solid \n-00018840: 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 color. \n-00018850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 6e64 6572 render\n-00018860: 696e 672e 0a20 2020 2020 7465 7874 5f63 ing.. text_c\n-00018870: 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 6578 olor The tex\n-00018880: 7420 636f 6c6f 722e 0a20 2020 2020 6261 t color.. ba\n-00018890: 725f 7374 796c 6520 2020 2020 2054 6865 r_style The\n-000188a0: 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 7370 6563 styled box spec\n-000188b0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 ification for th\n-000188c0: 6520 6672 616d 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e frame of. \n-000188d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-000188e0: 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e he progress bar.\n-000188f0: 2020 4578 616d 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 Example:. \n-00018900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-00018910: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f66 7261 6d65 5f2a progress_frame_*\n-00018920: 2e70 6e67 2220 4966 2074 6865 2076 616c .png\" If the val\n-00018930: 7565 2069 7320 6571 7561 6c20 746f 0a20 ue is equal to. \n-00018940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018950: 2020 2022 6869 6768 6c69 6768 745f 7374 \"highlight_st\n-00018960: 796c 6522 2074 6865 6e20 6e6f 2073 7479 yle\" then no sty\n-00018970: 6c65 6420 626f 7865 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 led boxes will b\n-00018980: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-00018990: 2020 2020 2020 7368 6f77 6e2e 0a20 2020 shown.. \n-000189a0: 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 745f 7374 796c highlight_styl\n-000189b0: 6554 6865 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 eThe styled box \n-000189c0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 666f specification fo\n-000189d0: 7220 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 r the highlighte\n-000189e0: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n-000189f0: 2020 2020 2020 7265 6769 6f6e 206f 6620 region of \n-00018a00: 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 the progress bar\n-00018a10: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 626f 7820 7769 6c6c . This box will\n-00018a20: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 be. \n-00018a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7573 6564 2074 6f20 used to \n-00018a40: 7061 696e 7420 6a75 7374 2074 6865 2068 paint just the h\n-00018a50: 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 2072 6567 696f ighlighted regio\n-00018a60: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 n of the. \n-00018a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6172 bar\n-00018a80: 2c20 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696e , and will be in\n-00018a90: 6372 6561 7365 6420 696e 2073 697a 6520 creased in size \n-00018aa0: 6173 2074 6865 2062 6172 0a20 2020 2020 as the bar. \n-00018ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-00018ac0: 6561 7273 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e2e ears completion.\n-00018ad0: 2020 4578 616d 706c 653a 2022 7072 6f67 Example: \"prog\n-00018ae0: 7265 7373 5f68 6c5f 2a2e 706e 6722 2e0a ress_hl_*.png\"..\n-00018af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018b00: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 If the value\n-00018b10: 2069 7320 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2022 6261 is equal to \"ba\n-00018b20: 725f 7374 796c 6522 2074 6865 6e20 6e6f r_style\" then no\n-00018b30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00018b40: 2020 2020 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 styled boxe\n-00018b50: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e2e s will be shown.\n-00018b60: 0a20 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 745f . highlight_\n-00018b70: 6f76 6572 6c61 7949 6620 7468 6973 206f overlayIf this o\n-00018b80: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 ption is set to \n-00018b90: 2274 7275 6522 2074 6865 6e20 7468 650a \"true\" then the.\n-00018ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018bb0: 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 626f highlight bo\n-00018bc0: 7820 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 7320 2865 x side slices (e\n-00018bd0: 7665 7279 2073 6c69 6365 2065 7863 6570 very slice excep\n-00018be0: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t. \n-00018bf0: 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 the center\n-00018c00: 2073 6c69 6365 2920 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 slice) will ove\n-00018c10: 726c 6179 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 2062 rlay the frame b\n-00018c20: 6f78 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ox. \n-00018c30: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6964 6520 736c 6963 side slic\n-00018c40: 6573 2e20 2041 6e64 2074 6865 2063 656e es. And the cen\n-00018c50: 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 6865 ter slice of the\n-00018c60: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00018c70: 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 2062 highlight b\n-00018c80: 6f78 2063 616e 206d 6f76 6520 616c 6c20 ox can move all \n-00018c90: 7468 6520 7761 7920 2866 726f 6d20 746f the way (from to\n-00018ca0: 7020 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p to. \n-00018cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f74 746f 6d29 bottom)\n-00018cc0: 2c20 6265 696e 6720 6472 6177 6e20 6f6e , being drawn on\n-00018cd0: 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 the center slic\n-00018ce0: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e of the. \n-00018cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 7261 fra\n-00018d00: 6d65 2062 6f78 2e20 2054 6861 7420 7761 me box. 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Around. \n-00019130: 2074 6865 2063 6972 6375 6d66 6572 656e the circumferen\n-00019140: 6365 206f 6620 6120 6369 7263 6c65 2077 ce of a circle w\n-00019150: 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e ithin the compon\n-00019160: 656e 742c 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 696d ent, the tick im\n-00019170: 6167 650a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 age. will be\n-00019180: 2064 7261 776e 2061 2063 6572 7461 696e drawn a certain\n-00019190: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2074 696d 6573 number of times\n-000191a0: 2c20 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 , depending on t\n-000191b0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f70 6572 7469 he. properti\n-000191c0: 6573 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e es of the compon\n-000191d0: 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 ent... 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Co\n+00017f90: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2061 7265 2063 7265 mponents are cre\n+00017fa0: 6174 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7468 656d ated in the them\n+00017fb0: 6520 6669 6c65 2062 7920 7072 6566 6978 e file by prefix\n+00017fc0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7479 7065 206f 660a ing the type of.\n+00017fd0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 7468 2061 component with a\n+00017fe0: 2027 2b27 2073 6967 6e3a 0a0a 2020 20e2 '+' sign:.. .\n+00017ff0: 8098 202b 206c 6162 656c 207b 2074 6578 .. + label { tex\n+00018000: 743d 2247 5255 4222 2066 6f6e 743d 2261 t=\"GRUB\" font=\"a\n+00018010: 7175 6920 3131 2220 636f 6c6f 723d 2223 qui 11\" color=\"#\n+00018020: 3846 4622 207d 20e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2070 8FF\" } ..... p\n+00018030: 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 6f66 2061 2063 roperties of a c\n+00018040: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2061 7265 2073 7065 omponent are spe\n+00018050: 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 226e 616d 6520 cified as \"name \n+00018060: 3d20 7661 6c75 6522 2028 7768 6974 6573 = value\" (whites\n+00018070: 7061 6365 0a73 7572 726f 756e 6469 6e67 pace.surrounding\n+00018080: 2074 6f6b 656e 7320 6973 206f 7074 696f tokens is optio\n+00018090: 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 6973 2069 676e 6f72 nal and is ignor\n+000180a0: 6564 2920 7768 6572 6520 2a76 616c 7565 ed) where *value\n+000180b0: 2a20 6d61 7920 6265 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 * may be:. ...\n+000180c0: 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 776f 7264 2028 a single word (\n+000180d0: 652e 672e 2c20 2261 6c69 676e 203d 2063 e.g., \"align = c\n+000180e0: 656e 7465 7222 2c20 2263 6f6c 6f72 203d enter\", \"color =\n+000180f0: 2023 4646 3830 3830 2229 2c0a 2020 20e2 #FF8080\"),. .\n+00018100: 80a2 2061 2071 756f 7465 6420 7374 7269 .. a quoted stri\n+00018110: 6e67 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2274 6578 7420 ng (e.g., \"text \n+00018120: 3d20 2248 656c 6c6f 2c20 576f 726c 6421 = \"Hello, World!\n+00018130: 2222 292c 206f 720a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 \"\"), or. ... a\n+00018140: 2074 7570 6c65 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2270 tuple (e.g., \"p\n+00018150: 7265 6665 7272 6564 5f73 697a 6520 3d20 referred_size = \n+00018160: 2831 3230 2c20 3830 2922 292e 0a0a 372e (120, 80)\")...7.\n+00018170: 332e 3520 436f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 4c69 3.5 Component Li\n+00018180: 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d st.-------------\n+00018190: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c -------..The fol\n+000181a0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 lowing is a list\n+000181b0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e of the componen\n+000181c0: 7473 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 726f 7065 ts and the prope\n+000181d0: 7274 6965 7320 7468 6579 0a73 7570 706f rties they.suppo\n+000181e0: 7274 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c61 6265 rt... ... labe\n+000181f0: 6c20 4120 6c61 6265 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 l A label displa\n+00018200: 7973 2061 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2074 6578 ys a line of tex\n+00018210: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 t... Propert\n+00018220: 6965 733a 0a20 2020 2020 6964 2020 2020 ies:. id \n+00018230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 Set to \n+00018240: 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 746f \"__timeout__\" to\n+00018250: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2074 696d display the tim\n+00018260: 6520 656c 6170 7365 640a 2020 2020 2020 e elapsed. \n+00018270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 746f to\n+00018280: 2061 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c20 an automatical \n+00018290: 626f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 6465 6661 boot of the defa\n+000182a0: 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 0a20 2020 2020 ult entry.. \n+000182b0: 7465 7874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 text T\n+000182c0: 6865 2074 6578 7420 746f 2064 6973 706c he text to displ\n+000182d0: 6179 2e20 2049 6620 2269 6422 2069 7320 ay. If \"id\" is \n+000182e0: 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 set to. \n+000182f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 5f5f 7469 \"__ti\n+00018300: 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2061 6e64 206e 6f20 meout__\" and no \n+00018310: 2274 6578 7422 2070 726f 7065 7274 7920 \"text\" property \n+00018320: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 is set then. \n+00018330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018340: 7468 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7365 the amount of se\n+00018350: 636f 6e64 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7368 conds will be sh\n+00018360: 6f77 6e2e 2020 4966 2073 6574 2074 6f0a own. If set to.\n+00018370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018380: 2020 2020 2240 4b45 594d 4150 5f53 484f \"@KEYMAP_SHO\n+00018390: 5254 4022 2c20 2240 4b45 594d 4150 5f4d RT@\", \"@KEYMAP_M\n+000183a0: 4944 444c 4540 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 IDDLE@\" or. \n+000183b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+000183c0: 404b 4559 4d41 505f 4c4f 4e47 4022 2074 @KEYMAP_LONG@\" t\n+000183d0: 6865 6e20 7072 6564 6566 696e 6564 2068 hen predefined h\n+000183e0: 6f74 6b65 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 otkey. \n+000183f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d inform\n+00018400: 6174 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7368 ation will be sh\n+00018410: 6f77 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6e74 2020 own.. font \n+00018420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6e The fon\n+00018430: 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6578 t to use for tex\n+00018440: 7420 6469 7370 6c61 792e 0a20 2020 2020 t display.. \n+00018450: 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 color T\n+00018460: 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 he color of the \n+00018470: 7465 7874 2e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c69 676e text.. align\n+00018480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 686f The ho\n+00018490: 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 rizontal alignme\n+000184a0: 6e74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 2077 nt of the text w\n+000184b0: 6974 6869 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 ithin the. \n+000184c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f co\n+000184d0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e mponent. Option\n+000184e0: 7320 6172 6520 226c 6566 7422 2c20 2263 s are \"left\", \"c\n+000184f0: 656e 7465 7222 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 enter\" and. \n+00018500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+00018510: 7269 6768 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2076 6973 right\".. vis\n+00018520: 6962 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 ible Set \n+00018530: 746f 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2074 6f20 6869 to \"false\" to hi\n+00018540: 6465 2074 6865 206c 6162 656c 2e0a 0a20 de the label... \n+00018550: 2020 e280 a220 696d 6167 6520 4120 636f ... image A co\n+00018560: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7468 6174 2064 6973 mponent that dis\n+00018570: 706c 6179 7320 616e 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 plays an image. \n+00018580: 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7363 The image is sc\n+00018590: 616c 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2066 6974 aled to. fit\n+000185a0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a the component..\n+000185b0: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 . Properties\n+000185c0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 :.. file \n+000185d0: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 756c 6c20 The full \n+000185e0: 7061 7468 2074 6f20 7468 6520 696d 6167 path to the imag\n+000185f0: 6520 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2e0a e file to load..\n+00018600: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 . ... progress\n+00018610: 5f62 6172 2044 6973 706c 6179 7320 6120 _bar Displays a \n+00018620: 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 6c79 206f 7269 horizontally ori\n+00018630: 656e 7465 6420 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 ented progress b\n+00018640: 6172 2e20 2049 7420 6361 6e0a 2020 2020 ar. It can. \n+00018650: 2062 6520 7265 6e64 6572 6564 2075 7369 be rendered usi\n+00018660: 6e67 2073 696d 706c 6520 736f 6c69 6420 ng simple solid \n+00018670: 6669 6c6c 6564 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 filled rectangle\n+00018680: 732c 206f 7220 7573 696e 6720 6120 7061 s, or using a pa\n+00018690: 6972 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2070 6978 6d61 ir. of pixma\n+000186a0: 7020 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2e0a p styled boxes..\n+000186b0: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 . Properties\n+000186c0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6964 2020 2020 2020 :.. id \n+000186d0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 225f Set to \"_\n+000186e0: 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 746f 2064 _timeout__\" to d\n+000186f0: 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2074 696d 6520 isplay the time \n+00018700: 656c 6170 7365 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 elapsed. \n+00018710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 746f 2061 to a\n+00018720: 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c20 626f n automatical bo\n+00018730: 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c ot of the defaul\n+00018740: 7420 656e 7472 792e 0a20 2020 2020 6667 t entry.. fg\n+00018750: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 _color The\n+00018760: 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f foreground colo\n+00018770: 7220 666f 7220 706c 6169 6e20 736f 6c69 r for plain soli\n+00018780: 6420 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 d color. \n+00018790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 6e64 rend\n+000187a0: 6572 696e 672e 0a20 2020 2020 6267 5f63 ering.. bg_c\n+000187b0: 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2062 olor The b\n+000187c0: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 ackground color \n+000187d0: 666f 7220 706c 6169 6e20 736f 6c69 6420 for plain solid \n+000187e0: 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 color. \n+000187f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 6e64 6572 render\n+00018800: 696e 672e 0a20 2020 2020 626f 7264 6572 ing.. border\n+00018810: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2054 6865 2062 6f72 _color The bor\n+00018820: 6465 7220 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 706c der color for pl\n+00018830: 6169 6e20 736f 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f 720a ain solid color.\n+00018840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018850: 2020 2020 7265 6e64 6572 696e 672e 0a20 rendering.. \n+00018860: 2020 2020 7465 7874 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 text_color \n+00018870: 2020 2054 6865 2074 6578 7420 636f 6c6f The text colo\n+00018880: 722e 0a20 2020 2020 6261 725f 7374 796c r.. bar_styl\n+00018890: 6520 2020 2020 2054 6865 2073 7479 6c65 e The style\n+000188a0: 6420 626f 7820 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 d box specificat\n+000188b0: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 6672 616d ion for the fram\n+000188c0: 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e of. \n+000188d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2070 726f the pro\n+000188e0: 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 2020 4578 616d gress bar. Exam\n+000188f0: 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ple:. \n+00018900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7072 6f67 7265 \"progre\n+00018910: 7373 5f66 7261 6d65 5f2a 2e70 6e67 2220 ss_frame_*.png\" \n+00018920: 4966 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 If the value is \n+00018930: 6571 7561 6c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 equal to. \n+00018940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6869 \"hi\n+00018950: 6768 6c69 6768 745f 7374 796c 6522 2074 ghlight_style\" t\n+00018960: 6865 6e20 6e6f 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f hen no styled bo\n+00018970: 7865 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 xes will be. \n+00018980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018990: 7368 6f77 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 6869 6768 shown.. high\n+000189a0: 6c69 6768 745f 7374 796c 6554 6865 2073 light_styleThe s\n+000189b0: 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 7370 6563 6966 tyled box specif\n+000189c0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 ication for the \n+000189d0: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 640a 2020 2020 highlighted. \n+000189e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000189f0: 7265 6769 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 7072 region of the pr\n+00018a00: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2054 6869 ogress bar. Thi\n+00018a10: 7320 626f 7820 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 s box will be. \n+00018a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018a30: 2020 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7061 696e 7420 used to paint \n+00018a40: 6a75 7374 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c 6967 just the highlig\n+00018a50: 6874 6564 2072 6567 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 hted region of t\n+00018a60: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+00018a70: 2020 2020 2020 2062 6172 2c20 616e 6420 bar, and \n+00018a80: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696e 6372 6561 7365 will be increase\n+00018a90: 6420 696e 2073 697a 6520 6173 2074 6865 d in size as the\n+00018aa0: 2062 6172 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bar. \n+00018ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6561 7273 2063 nears c\n+00018ac0: 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e2e 2020 4578 616d ompletion. Exam\n+00018ad0: 706c 653a 2022 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f68 ple: \"progress_h\n+00018ae0: 6c5f 2a2e 706e 6722 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 l_*.png\".. \n+00018af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4966 If\n+00018b00: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 6571 the value is eq\n+00018b10: 7561 6c20 746f 2022 6261 725f 7374 796c ual to \"bar_styl\n+00018b20: 6522 2074 6865 6e20 6e6f 0a20 2020 2020 e\" then no. \n+00018b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+00018b40: 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 7320 7769 6c6c tyled boxes will\n+00018b50: 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 be shown.. \n+00018b60: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 745f 6f76 6572 6c61 highlight_overla\n+00018b70: 7949 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 yIf this option \n+00018b80: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2274 7275 6522 is set to \"true\"\n+00018b90: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 then the. \n+00018ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6869 hi\n+00018bb0: 6768 6c69 6768 7420 626f 7820 7369 6465 ghlight box side\n+00018bc0: 2073 6c69 6365 7320 2865 7665 7279 2073 slices (every s\n+00018bd0: 6c69 6365 2065 7863 6570 740a 2020 2020 lice except. \n+00018be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018bf0: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 the center slice\n+00018c00: 2920 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 726c 6179 2074 ) will overlay t\n+00018c10: 6865 2066 7261 6d65 2062 6f78 0a20 2020 he frame box. \n+00018c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018c30: 2073 6964 6520 736c 6963 6573 2e20 2041 side slices. A\n+00018c40: 6e64 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c nd the center sl\n+00018c50: 6963 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ice of the. \n+00018c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 h\n+00018c70: 6967 686c 6967 6874 2062 6f78 2063 616e ighlight box can\n+00018c80: 206d 6f76 6520 616c 6c20 7468 6520 7761 move all the wa\n+00018c90: 7920 2866 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f 0a20 y (from top to. \n+00018ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018cb0: 2020 2062 6f74 746f 6d29 2c20 6265 696e bottom), bein\n+00018cc0: 6720 6472 6177 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 g drawn on the c\n+00018cd0: 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 enter slice of t\n+00018ce0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+00018cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2066 7261 6d65 2062 6f78 frame box\n+00018d00: 2e20 2054 6861 7420 7761 7920 7765 2063 . That way we c\n+00018d10: 616e 206d 616b 6520 6120 7072 6f67 7265 an make a progre\n+00018d20: 7373 2062 6172 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ss bar. \n+00018d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 with \n+00018d40: 726f 756e 642d 7368 6170 6564 2065 6467 round-shaped edg\n+00018d50: 6573 2073 6f20 7468 6572 6520 776f 6e27 es so there won'\n+00018d60: 7420 6265 2061 2066 7265 650a 2020 2020 t be a free. \n+00018d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018d80: 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2068 space from the h\n+00018d90: 6967 686c 6967 6874 2074 6f20 7468 6520 ighlight to the \n+00018da0: 6672 616d 6520 696e 2074 6f70 2061 6e64 frame in top and\n+00018db0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018dc0: 2020 2020 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 7363 726f bottom scro\n+00018dd0: 6c6c 6261 7220 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 732e llbar positions.\n+00018de0: 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6661 Default is \"fa\n+00018df0: 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 6f6e 7420 lse\".. font \n+00018e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f The fo\n+00018e10: 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7072 nt to use for pr\n+00018e20: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e0a 2020 2020 ogress bar.. \n+00018e30: 2074 6578 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 text \n+00018e40: 5468 6520 7465 7874 2074 6f20 6469 7370 The text to disp\n+00018e50: 6c61 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 lay on the progr\n+00018e60: 6573 7320 6261 722e 2020 4966 2074 6865 ess bar. If the\n+00018e70: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018e80: 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 progress ba\n+00018e90: 7227 7320 4944 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f r's ID is set to\n+00018ea0: 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2061 \"__timeout__\" a\n+00018eb0: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nd. \n+00018ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 the value\n+00018ed0: 206f 6620 7468 6973 2070 726f 7065 7274 of this propert\n+00018ee0: 7920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 y is set to. \n+00018ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018f00: 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIFI\n+00018f10: 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 4022 2c0a CATION_SHORT@\",.\n+00018f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018f30: 2020 2020 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f \"@TIMEOUT_NO\n+00018f40: 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c TIFICATION_MIDDL\n+00018f50: 4540 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 E@\" or. \n+00018f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d \"@TIM\n+00018f70: 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f EOUT_NOTIFICATIO\n+00018f80: 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 4022 2c20 7468 656e 2047 N_LONG@\", then G\n+00018f90: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 RUB will. \n+00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 7064 upd\n+00018fb0: 6174 6520 7468 6973 2070 726f 7065 7274 ate this propert\n+00018fc0: 7920 7769 7468 2061 6e20 696e 666f 726d y with an inform\n+00018fd0: 6174 6976 6520 6d65 7373 6167 650a 2020 ative message. \n+00018fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018ff0: 2020 6173 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 as the timeout\n+00019000: 2061 7070 726f 6163 6865 732e 0a0a 2020 approaches... \n+00019010: 20e2 80a2 2063 6972 6375 6c61 725f 7072 ... circular_pr\n+00019020: 6f67 7265 7373 2044 6973 706c 6179 7320 ogress Displays \n+00019030: 6120 6369 7263 756c 6172 2070 726f 6772 a circular progr\n+00019040: 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 722e 2020 ess indicator. \n+00019050: 5468 650a 2020 2020 2061 7070 6561 7261 The. appeara\n+00019060: 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d70 nce of this comp\n+00019070: 6f6e 656e 7420 6973 2064 6574 6572 6d69 onent is determi\n+00019080: 6e65 6420 6279 2074 776f 2069 6d61 6765 ned by two image\n+00019090: 733a 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2a63 656e s: the. *cen\n+000190a0: 7465 722a 2069 6d61 6765 2061 6e64 2074 ter* image and t\n+000190b0: 6865 202a 7469 636b 2a20 696d 6167 652e he *tick* image.\n+000190c0: 2020 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2069 6d61 The center ima\n+000190d0: 6765 2069 7320 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 790a ge is generally.\n+000190e0: 2020 2020 206c 6172 6765 7220 616e 6420 larger and \n+000190f0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 696e will be drawn in\n+00019100: 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 6f66 2074 the center of t\n+00019110: 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e20 2041 he component. A\n+00019120: 726f 756e 640a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 round. the c\n+00019130: 6972 6375 6d66 6572 656e 6365 206f 6620 ircumference of \n+00019140: 6120 6369 7263 6c65 2077 6974 6869 6e20 a circle within \n+00019150: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742c 2074 the component, t\n+00019160: 6865 2074 6963 6b20 696d 6167 650a 2020 he tick image. \n+00019170: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e will be drawn\n+00019180: 2061 2063 6572 7461 696e 206e 756d 6265 a certain numbe\n+00019190: 7220 6f66 2074 696d 6573 2c20 6465 7065 r of times, depe\n+000191a0: 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 nding on the. \n+000191b0: 2020 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 206f 6620 properties of \n+000191c0: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 0a0a the component...\n+000191d0: 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 733a Properties:\n+000191e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 6420 2020 2020 2020 .. id \n+000191f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 Se\n+00019200: 7420 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f t to \"__timeout_\n+00019210: 5f22 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 _\" to display th\n+00019220: 6520 7469 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e time. \n 00019230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6c61 7073 6564 elapsed\n-00019250: 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 to an automatic\n-00019260: 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 al boot of the. \n+00019240: 2020 2065 6c61 7073 6564 2074 6f20 616e elapsed to an\n+00019250: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 2062 6f6f automatical boo\n+00019260: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t of the. \n 00019270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 defau\n-00019290: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 2063 lt entry.. c\n-000192a0: 656e 7465 725f 6269 746d 6170 2020 2020 enter_bitmap \n-000192b0: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 206e The file n\n-000192c0: 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 ame of the image\n-000192d0: 2074 6f20 6472 6177 2069 6e20 7468 650a to draw in the.\n+00019280: 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 default ent\n+00019290: 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 2063 656e 7465 725f ry.. center_\n+000192a0: 6269 746d 6170 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bitmap \n+000192b0: 5468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6f66 The file name of\n+000192c0: 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6472 the image to dr\n+000192d0: 6177 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 aw in the. \n 000192e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000192f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6365 6e74 cent\n-00019300: 6572 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e er of the compon\n-00019310: 656e 742e 0a20 2020 2020 7469 636b 5f62 ent.. tick_b\n-00019320: 6974 6d61 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 itmap \n-00019330: 2054 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206f The file name o\n-00019340: 6620 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2064 f the image to d\n-00019350: 7261 7720 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 raw for. \n-00019360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019370: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7469 636b 206d 6172 the tick mar\n-00019380: 6b73 2e0a 2020 2020 206e 756d 5f74 6963 ks.. num_tic\n-00019390: 6b73 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ks \n-000193a0: 5468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7469 The number of ti\n-000193b0: 636b 7320 7468 6174 206d 616b 6520 7570 cks that make up\n-000193c0: 2061 2066 756c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 a full. \n-000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000193e0: 2020 2020 6369 7263 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 circle.. \n-000193f0: 2074 6963 6b73 5f64 6973 6170 7065 6172 ticks_disappear\n-00019400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 426f 6f6c 6561 6e20 Boolean \n-00019410: 7661 6c75 6520 696e 6469 6361 7469 6e67 value indicating\n-00019420: 2077 6865 7468 6572 2074 6963 6b0a 2020 whether tick. \n+000192f0: 2020 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 206f 6620 center of \n+00019300: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 0a20 the component.. \n+00019310: 2020 2020 7469 636b 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 tick_bitmap \n+00019320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 The f\n+00019330: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 ile name of the \n+00019340: 696d 6167 6520 746f 2064 7261 7720 666f image to draw fo\n+00019350: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n+00019360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 th\n+00019370: 6520 7469 636b 206d 6172 6b73 2e0a 2020 e tick marks.. \n+00019380: 2020 206e 756d 5f74 6963 6b73 2020 2020 num_ticks \n+00019390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6e75 The nu\n+000193a0: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7469 636b 7320 7468 mber of ticks th\n+000193b0: 6174 206d 616b 6520 7570 2061 2066 756c at make up a ful\n+000193c0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n+000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6369 ci\n+000193e0: 7263 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6963 6b73 rcle.. ticks\n+000193f0: 5f64 6973 6170 7065 6172 2020 2020 2020 _disappear \n+00019400: 2020 426f 6f6c 6561 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 Boolean value \n+00019410: 696e 6469 6361 7469 6e67 2077 6865 7468 indicating wheth\n+00019420: 6572 2074 6963 6b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 er tick. \n 00019430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d61 726b 7320 marks \n-00019450: 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 726f 6772 6573 7369 should progressi\n-00019460: 7665 6c79 2061 7070 6561 722c 206f 720a vely appear, or.\n+00019440: 2020 2020 6d61 726b 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 marks should\n+00019450: 2070 726f 6772 6573 7369 7665 6c79 2061 progressively a\n+00019460: 7070 6561 722c 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 ppear, or. \n 00019470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f67 prog\n-00019490: 7265 7373 6976 656c 7920 6469 7361 7070 ressively disapp\n-000194a0: 6561 7220 6173 202a 7661 6c75 652a 0a20 ear as *value*. \n+00019480: 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f67 7265 7373 6976 progressiv\n+00019490: 656c 7920 6469 7361 7070 6561 7220 6173 ely disappear as\n+000194a0: 202a 7661 6c75 652a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 *value*. \n 000194b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000194c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7070 726f appro\n-000194d0: 6163 6865 7320 2a65 6e64 2a2e 2020 5370 aches *end*. Sp\n-000194e0: 6563 6966 7920 2274 7275 6522 206f 720a ecify \"true\" or.\n+000194c0: 2020 2020 2061 7070 726f 6163 6865 7320 approaches \n+000194d0: 2a65 6e64 2a2e 2020 5370 6563 6966 7920 *end*. Specify \n+000194e0: 2274 7275 6522 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 \"true\" or. \n 000194f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2266 616c \"fal\n-00019510: 7365 222e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 se\". Default is\n-00019520: 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 \"false\".. s\n-00019530: 7461 7274 5f61 6e67 6c65 2020 2020 2020 tart_angle \n-00019540: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 706f 7369 7469 The positi\n-00019550: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 on of the first \n-00019560: 7469 636b 206d 6172 6b20 746f 0a20 2020 tick mark to. \n+00019500: 2020 2020 2020 2266 616c 7365 222e 2020 \"false\". \n+00019510: 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6661 6c73 Default is \"fals\n+00019520: 6522 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 7461 7274 5f61 e\".. start_a\n+00019530: 6e67 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ngle \n+00019540: 5468 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 The position of \n+00019550: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7469 636b 206d the first tick m\n+00019560: 6172 6b20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ark to. \n 00019570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7070 6561 7220 appear \n-00019590: 6f72 2064 6973 6170 7065 6172 2e20 204d or disappear. M\n-000195a0: 6561 7375 7265 6420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 easured in. \n+00019580: 2020 2061 7070 6561 7220 6f72 2064 6973 appear or dis\n+00019590: 6170 7065 6172 2e20 204d 6561 7375 7265 appear. Measure\n+000195a0: 6420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d in. \n 000195b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000195c0: 2020 2020 2020 2022 7061 7272 6f74 7322 \"parrots\"\n-000195d0: 2c20 3120 2270 6172 726f 7422 203d 2031 , 1 \"parrot\" = 1\n-000195e0: 202f 2032 3536 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 / 256 of the. \n+000195c0: 2022 7061 7272 6f74 7322 2c20 3120 2270 \"parrots\", 1 \"p\n+000195d0: 6172 726f 7422 203d 2031 202f 2032 3536 arrot\" = 1 / 256\n+000195e0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n 000195f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6675 6c6c 2063 full c\n-00019610: 6972 636c 652e 2020 5573 6520 7661 6c75 ircle. Use valu\n-00019620: 6573 2022 7878 7820 6465 6722 206f 720a es \"xxx deg\" or.\n+00019600: 2020 2020 6675 6c6c 2063 6972 636c 652e full circle.\n+00019610: 2020 5573 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2022 7878 Use values \"xx\n+00019620: 7820 6465 6722 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 x deg\" or. \n 00019630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2278 7878 \"xxx\n-00019650: 205c 7863 325c 7862 3022 2074 6f20 7365 \\xc2\\xb0\" to se\n-00019660: 7420 7468 6520 616e 676c 6520 696e 0a20 t the angle in. \n+00019640: 2020 2020 2020 2278 7878 205c 7863 325c \"xxx \\xc2\\\n+00019650: 7862 3022 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 xb0\" to set the \n+00019660: 616e 676c 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 angle in. \n 00019670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6567 7265 degre\n-00019690: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626f 6f74 es... ... boot\n-000196a0: 5f6d 656e 7520 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2074 _menu Displays t\n-000196b0: 6865 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 206d 656e he GRUB boot men\n-000196c0: 752e 2020 4974 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7365 u. It allows se\n-000196d0: 6c65 6374 696e 6720 6974 656d 730a 2020 lecting items. \n-000196e0: 2020 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 and executing\n-000196f0: 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f them... Pro\n-00019700: 7065 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 perties:.. i\n-00019710: 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 tem_font \n-00019720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n-00019730: 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 font to use for\n-00019740: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 0a20 the menu item. \n+00019680: 2020 2020 2064 6567 7265 6573 2e0a 0a20 degrees... \n+00019690: 2020 e280 a220 626f 6f74 5f6d 656e 7520 ... boot_menu \n+000196a0: 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2074 6865 2047 5255 Displays the GRU\n+000196b0: 4220 626f 6f74 206d 656e 752e 2020 4974 B boot menu. It\n+000196c0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7365 6c65 6374 696e allows selectin\n+000196d0: 6720 6974 656d 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 g items. and\n+000196e0: 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e executing them.\n+000196f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 .. Propertie\n+00019700: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 666f s:.. item_fo\n+00019710: 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nt \n+00019720: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 The font \n+00019730: 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d to use for the m\n+00019740: 656e 7520 6974 656d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 enu item. \n 00019750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019770: 2020 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 titles.. s\n-00019780: 656c 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e elected_item_fon\n-00019790: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 t The\n-000197a0: 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 font to use for\n-000197b0: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 640a 2020 the selected. \n+00019760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7469 746c titl\n+00019770: 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 es.. selecte\n+00019780: 645f 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 d_item_font \n+00019790: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 The font \n+000197a0: 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2073 to use for the s\n+000197b0: 656c 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 elected. \n 000197c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000197d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000197e0: 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2c20 6f72 2022 menu item, or \"\n-000197f0: 696e 6865 7269 7422 2028 7468 650a 2020 inherit\" (the. \n+000197d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 menu \n+000197e0: 6974 656d 2c20 6f72 2022 696e 6865 7269 item, or \"inheri\n+000197f0: 7422 2028 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 t\" (the. \n 00019800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019820: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2920 746f 2075 7365 default) to use\n-00019830: 2022 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e 7422 2066 6f72 \"item_font\" for\n-00019840: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00019850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019860: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 the selected\n-00019870: 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2061 7320 7765 menu item as we\n-00019880: 6c6c 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 636f ll.. item_co\n-00019890: 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lor \n-000198a0: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 The color\n-000198b0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 to use for the \n-000198c0: 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 menu item. \n+00019810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 defau\n+00019820: 6c74 2920 746f 2075 7365 2022 6974 656d lt) to use \"item\n+00019830: 5f66 6f6e 7422 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 _font\" for. \n+00019840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 th\n+00019860: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 206d 656e 7520 e selected menu \n+00019870: 6974 656d 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2e0a 2020 item as well.. \n+00019880: 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 item_color \n+00019890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000198a0: 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 The color to us\n+000198b0: 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 e for the menu i\n+000198c0: 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tem. \n 000198d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000198e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6974 tit\n-000198f0: 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 les.. select\n-00019900: 6564 5f69 7465 6d5f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 ed_item_color \n-00019910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f The colo\n-00019920: 7220 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6865 r to use for the\n-00019930: 2073 656c 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2020 selected. \n+000198e0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 732e 0a20 titles.. \n+000198f0: 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 5f69 7465 selected_ite\n+00019900: 6d5f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 m_color \n+00019910: 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 746f 2075 The color to u\n+00019920: 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 se for the selec\n+00019930: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ted. \n 00019940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 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me\n-000199f0: 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6173 2077 656c 6c2e nu item as well.\n-00019a00: 0a20 2020 2020 6963 6f6e 5f77 6964 7468 . icon_width\n-00019a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a20: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 The width of\n-00019a30: 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2069 636f 6e73 menu item icons\n-00019a40: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n-00019a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a60: 2020 2020 2049 636f 6e73 2061 7265 2073 Icons are s\n-00019a70: 6361 6c65 6420 746f 2074 6865 2073 7065 caled to the spe\n-00019a80: 6369 6669 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 cified. \n+000199d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 the s\n+000199e0: 656c 6563 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 elected menu ite\n+000199f0: 6d20 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 m as well.. \n+00019a00: 6963 6f6e 5f77 6964 7468 2020 2020 2020 icon_width \n+00019a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n+00019a20: 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 206d 656e 7520 e width of menu \n+00019a30: 6974 656d 2069 636f 6e73 2e0a 2020 2020 item icons.. \n+00019a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 I\n+00019a60: 636f 6e73 2061 7265 2073 6361 6c65 6420 cons are scaled \n+00019a70: 746f 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 to the specified\n+00019a80: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00019a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7369 7a65 2e0a size..\n-00019ab0: 2020 2020 2069 636f 6e5f 6865 6967 6874 icon_height\n-00019ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019ad0: 2020 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 The height of\n-00019ae0: 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2069 636f 6e73 menu item icons\n-00019af0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 6865 6967 .. item_heig\n-00019b00: 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ht \n-00019b10: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 The height \n-00019b20: 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 of each menu ite\n-00019b30: 6d20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m in. \n+00019aa0: 2020 2020 7369 7a65 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 size.. i\n+00019ab0: 636f 6e5f 6865 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 con_height \n+00019ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n+00019ad0: 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 206d 656e 7520 height of menu \n+00019ae0: 6974 656d 2069 636f 6e73 2e0a 2020 2020 item icons.. \n+00019af0: 2069 7465 6d5f 6865 6967 6874 2020 2020 item_height \n+00019b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 T\n+00019b10: 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 2065 6163 he height of eac\n+00019b20: 6820 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 696e 0a20 h menu item in. \n+00019b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a pixels..\n-00019b60: 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 7061 6464 696e item_paddin\n-00019b70: 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g \n-00019b80: 2020 2054 6865 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 The amount of\n-00019b90: 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7069 7865 6c73 space in pixels\n-00019ba0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n+00019b50: 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 pixels.. i\n+00019b60: 7465 6d5f 7061 6464 696e 6720 2020 2020 tem_padding \n+00019b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n+00019b80: 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2073 7061 6365 amount of space\n+00019b90: 2069 6e20 7069 7865 6c73 2074 6f0a 2020 in pixels to. \n+00019ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019bc0: 2020 2020 2020 206c 6561 7665 206f 6e20 leave on \n-00019bd0: 6561 6368 2073 6964 6520 6f66 2074 6865 each side of the\n-00019be0: 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 menu. \n+00019bc0: 206c 6561 7665 206f 6e20 6561 6368 2073 leave on each s\n+00019bd0: 6964 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e 750a ide of the menu.\n+00019be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00019bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7465 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Example:. \n+0001a0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 656e 7469 enti\n+0001a0f0: 7265 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 722e 2020 re scroll bar. \n+0001a100: 4578 616d 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 Example:. \n 0001a110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a130: 2020 2273 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f2a 2e70 \"scrollbar_*.p\n-0001a140: 6e67 220a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 ng\". scrollb\n-0001a150: 6172 5f74 6875 6d62 2020 2020 2020 2020 ar_thumb \n-0001a160: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 The image\n-0001a170: 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f file pattern fo\n-0001a180: 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r the. \n+0001a120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2273 6372 \"scr\n+0001a130: 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f2a 2e70 6e67 220a 2020 ollbar_*.png\". \n+0001a140: 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 6875 scrollbar_thu\n+0001a150: 6d62 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mb \n+0001a160: 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 The image file \n+0001a170: 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a pattern for the.\n+0001a180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 scroll \n-0001a1b0: 6261 7220 7468 756d 6220 2874 6865 2070 bar thumb (the p\n-0001a1c0: 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 art of the. \n+0001a1a0: 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 7468 scroll bar th\n+0001a1b0: 756d 6220 2874 6865 2070 6172 7420 6f66 umb (the part of\n+0001a1c0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 sc\n-0001a1f0: 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2074 6861 7420 6d6f roll bar that mo\n-0001a200: 7665 7320 6173 2073 6372 6f6c 6c69 6e67 ves as scrolling\n-0001a210: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a230: 2020 2020 6f63 6375 7273 292e 2020 4578 occurs). Ex\n-0001a240: 616d 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ample:. \n+0001a1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 scroll b\n+0001a1f0: 6172 2074 6861 7420 6d6f 7665 7320 6173 ar that moves as\n+0001a200: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c69 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 scrolling. \n+0001a210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6f63 oc\n+0001a230: 6375 7273 292e 2020 4578 616d 706c 653a curs). Example:\n+0001a240: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2273 6372 6f6c \"scrol\n-0001a270: 6c62 6172 5f74 6875 6d62 5f2a 2e70 6e67 lbar_thumb_*.png\n-0001a280: 220a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 \". scrollbar\n-0001a290: 5f74 6875 6d62 5f6f 7665 726c 6179 2020 _thumb_overlay \n-0001a2a0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 If this opt\n-0001a2b0: 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2274 ion is set to \"t\n-0001a2c0: 7275 6522 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rue\". \n+0001a260: 2020 2020 2273 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 \"scrollbar_t\n+0001a270: 6875 6d62 5f2a 2e70 6e67 220a 2020 2020 humb_*.png\". \n+0001a280: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 6875 6d62 scrollbar_thumb\n+0001a290: 5f6f 7665 726c 6179 2020 2020 2020 2049 _overlay I\n+0001a2a0: 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 f this option is\n+0001a2b0: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2274 7275 6522 0a20 set to \"true\". \n+0001a2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 656e 2074 6865 then the\n-0001a2f0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2074 6875 6d62 scrollbar thumb\n-0001a300: 2073 6964 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 side. \n+0001a2e0: 2020 7468 656e 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c then the scrol\n+0001a2f0: 6c62 6172 2074 6875 6d62 2073 6964 650a lbar thumb side.\n+0001a300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6c69 6365 7320 slices \n-0001a330: 2865 7665 7279 2073 6c69 6365 2065 7863 (every slice exc\n-0001a340: 6570 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ept the. \n+0001a320: 2020 2073 6c69 6365 7320 2865 7665 7279 slices (every\n+0001a330: 2073 6c69 6365 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 slice except th\n+0001a340: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n 0001a350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 656e 7465 cente\n-0001a370: 7220 736c 6963 6529 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 r slice) will ov\n-0001a380: 6572 6c61 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 erlay the. \n+0001a360: 2020 2020 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 center slic\n+0001a370: 6529 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 e) will overlay \n+0001a380: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 scr\n-0001a3b0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2066 7261 6d65 2073 6964 ollbar frame sid\n-0001a3c0: 6520 736c 6963 6573 2e20 2041 6e64 0a20 e slices. And. \n+0001a3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 scrollbar\n+0001a3b0: 2066 7261 6d65 2073 6964 6520 736c 6963 frame side slic\n+0001a3c0: 6573 2e20 2041 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2020 es. And. \n 0001a3d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3f0: 2020 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 the center sli\n-0001a400: 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 ce of the. \n+0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 the \n+0001a3f0: 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 center slice of \n+0001a400: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 scr\n-0001a430: 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 6875 6d62 2063 616e ollbar_thumb can\n-0001a440: 206d 6f76 6520 616c 6c20 7468 650a 2020 move all the. \n+0001a420: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 scrollbar\n+0001a430: 5f74 6875 6d62 2063 616e 206d 6f76 6520 _thumb can move \n+0001a440: 616c 6c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 all the. \n 0001a450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a470: 2077 6179 2028 6672 6f6d 2074 6f70 2074 way (from top t\n-0001a480: 6f20 626f 7474 6f6d 292c 2062 6569 6e67 o bottom), being\n-0001a490: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0001a4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4b0: 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 drawn on the\n-0001a4c0: 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 center slice of\n-0001a4d0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+0001a460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 6179 2028 way (\n+0001a470: 6672 6f6d 2074 6f70 2074 6f20 626f 7474 from top to bott\n+0001a480: 6f6d 292c 2062 6569 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 om), being. \n+0001a490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 dr\n+0001a4b0: 6177 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 awn on the cente\n+0001a4c0: 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 r slice of the. \n+0001a4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 scrollba\n-0001a500: 7220 6672 616d 652e 2020 5468 6174 2077 r frame. That w\n-0001a510: 6179 2077 6520 6361 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 ay we can. \n+0001a4f0: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 6672 616d scrollbar fram\n+0001a500: 652e 2020 5468 6174 2077 6179 2077 6520 e. That way we \n+0001a510: 6361 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 can. \n 0001a520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 616b mak\n-0001a540: 6520 6120 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 e a scrollbar wi\n-0001a550: 7468 2072 6f75 6e64 2d73 6861 7065 640a th round-shaped.\n+0001a530: 2020 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 6120 7363 make a sc\n+0001a540: 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 7468 2072 6f75 rollbar with rou\n+0001a550: 6e64 2d73 6861 7065 640a 2020 2020 2020 nd-shaped. \n 0001a560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a580: 2020 2065 6467 6573 2073 6f20 7468 6572 edges so ther\n-0001a590: 6520 776f 6e27 7420 6265 2061 2066 7265 e won't be a fre\n-0001a5a0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-0001a5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a5c0: 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 space from \n-0001a5d0: 7468 6520 7468 756d 6220 746f 2074 6865 the thumb to the\n-0001a5e0: 2066 7261 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 frame. \n+0001a570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6467 edg\n+0001a580: 6573 2073 6f20 7468 6572 6520 776f 6e27 es so there won'\n+0001a590: 7420 6265 2061 2066 7265 650a 2020 2020 t be a free. \n+0001a5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+0001a5c0: 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7468 pace from the th\n+0001a5d0: 756d 6220 746f 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 umb to the frame\n+0001a5e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001a5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 2074 6f70 in top\n-0001a610: 2061 6e64 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 7363 726f and bottom scro\n-0001a620: 6c6c 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 llbar. \n+0001a600: 2020 2020 696e 2074 6f70 2061 6e64 2062 in top and b\n+0001a610: 6f74 746f 6d20 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 720a ottom scrollbar.\n+0001a620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6f73 6974 696f positio\n-0001a650: 6e73 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 ns. Default is \n-0001a660: 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 \"false\".. sc\n-0001a670: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6520 2020 rollbar_slice \n-0001a680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n-0001a690: 6d65 6e75 2066 7261 6d65 2073 7479 6c65 menu frame style\n-0001a6a0: 6420 626f 7827 7320 736c 6963 650a 2020 d box's slice. \n+0001a640: 2020 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e73 2e20 2044 positions. D\n+0001a650: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 efault is \"false\n+0001a660: 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 \".. scrollba\n+0001a670: 725f 736c 6963 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 r_slice \n+0001a680: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2066 The menu f\n+0001a690: 7261 6d65 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7827 rame styled box'\n+0001a6a0: 7320 736c 6963 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 s slice. \n 0001a6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a6d0: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 7363 in which the sc\n-0001a6e0: 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 650a rollbar will be.\n+0001a6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7768 in wh\n+0001a6d0: 6963 6820 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 ich the scrollba\n+0001a6e0: 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 r will be. \n 0001a6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a710: 2020 2064 7261 776e 2e20 2050 6f73 7369 drawn. Possi\n-0001a720: 626c 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2061 7265 0a20 ble values are. \n+0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7261 dra\n+0001a710: 776e 2e20 2050 6f73 7369 626c 6520 7661 wn. Possible va\n+0001a720: 6c75 6573 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 lues are. \n 0001a730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a750: 2020 2277 6573 7422 2c20 2263 656e 7465 \"west\", \"cente\n-0001a760: 7222 2c20 2265 6173 7422 0a20 2020 2020 r\", \"east\". \n+0001a740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2277 6573 \"wes\n+0001a750: 7422 2c20 2263 656e 7465 7222 2c20 2265 t\", \"center\", \"e\n+0001a760: 6173 7422 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ast\". \n 0001a770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2864 (d\n-0001a790: 6566 6175 6c74 292e 2020 2277 6573 7422 efault). \"west\"\n-0001a7a0: 202d 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 - the scrollbar\n-0001a7b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a7d0: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 will be draw\n-0001a7e0: 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2077 6573 7420 736c n in the west sl\n-0001a7f0: 6963 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ice. \n+0001a780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2864 6566 6175 6c74 (default\n+0001a790: 292e 2020 2277 6573 7422 202d 2074 6865 ). \"west\" - the\n+0001a7a0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 0a20 2020 2020 scrollbar. \n+0001a7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 wi\n+0001a7d0: 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 ll be drawn in t\n+0001a7e0: 6865 2077 6573 7420 736c 6963 650a 2020 he west slice. \n+0001a7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a810: 2020 2020 2020 2028 7269 6768 742d 616c (right-al\n-0001a820: 6967 6e65 6429 2e20 2022 6561 7374 2220 igned). \"east\" \n-0001a830: 2d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 - the. \n+0001a810: 2028 7269 6768 742d 616c 6967 6e65 6429 (right-aligned)\n+0001a820: 2e20 2022 6561 7374 2220 2d20 7468 650a . \"east\" - the.\n+0001a830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 scrollb\n-0001a860: 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e ar will be drawn\n-0001a870: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 in the. \n+0001a850: 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c scrollbar wil\n+0001a860: 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 l be drawn in th\n+0001a870: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n 0001a880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6173 7420 east \n-0001a8a0: 736c 6963 6520 286c 6566 742d 616c 6967 slice (left-alig\n-0001a8b0: 6e65 6429 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ned).. \n+0001a890: 2020 2020 2065 6173 7420 736c 6963 6520 east slice \n+0001a8a0: 286c 6566 742d 616c 6967 6e65 6429 2e0a (left-aligned)..\n+0001a8b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6365 6e74 6572 \"center\n-0001a8e0: 2220 2d20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 \" - the scrollba\n-0001a8f0: 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 r will be. \n+0001a8d0: 2020 2022 6365 6e74 6572 2220 2d20 7468 \"center\" - th\n+0001a8e0: 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 6c6c e scrollbar will\n+0001a8f0: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 be. \n 0001a900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7261 dra\n-0001a920: 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 wn in the center\n-0001a930: 2073 6c69 6365 2e20 204e 6f74 653a 0a20 slice. Note:. \n+0001a910: 2020 2020 2020 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 drawn in \n+0001a920: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 the center slice\n+0001a930: 2e20 204e 6f74 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 . Note:. \n 0001a940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a960: 2020 696e 2063 6173 6520 6f66 2022 6365 in case of \"ce\n-0001a970: 6e74 6572 2220 736c 6963 653a 2061 2920 nter\" slice: a) \n-0001a980: 4966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 If. \n+0001a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 2063 in c\n+0001a960: 6173 6520 6f66 2022 6365 6e74 6572 2220 ase of \"center\" \n+0001a970: 736c 6963 653a 2061 2920 4966 0a20 2020 slice: a) If. \n+0001a980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c the scroll\n-0001a9b0: 6261 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6472 bar should be dr\n-0001a9c0: 6177 6e20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 awn then. \n+0001a9a0: 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7368 the scrollbar sh\n+0001a9b0: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 7468 ould be drawn th\n+0001a9c0: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 en. \n 0001a9d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 6f74 boot\n-0001a9f0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7927 7320 7769 menu entry's wi\n-0001aa00: 6474 6820 6973 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 dth is. \n+0001a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 boot menu \n+0001a9f0: 656e 7472 7927 7320 7769 6474 6820 6973 entry's width is\n+0001aa00: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6372 6561 decrea\n-0001aa30: 7365 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c sed by the scrol\n-0001aa40: 6c62 6172 2773 2077 6964 7468 0a20 2020 lbar's width. \n+0001aa20: 2020 2020 6465 6372 6561 7365 6420 6279 decreased by\n+0001aa30: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2773 the scrollbar's\n+0001aa40: 2077 6964 7468 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 width. \n 0001aa50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa70: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 and the scrollba\n-0001aa80: 7220 6973 2064 7261 776e 2061 7420 7468 r is drawn at th\n-0001aa90: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-0001aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aab0: 2020 2020 2072 6967 6874 2073 6964 6520 right side \n-0001aac0: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c of the center sl\n-0001aad0: 6963 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ice.. \n+0001aa60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 and th\n+0001aa70: 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 6973 2064 e scrollbar is d\n+0001aa80: 7261 776e 2061 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 rawn at the. \n+0001aa90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 r\n+0001aab0: 6967 6874 2073 6964 6520 6f66 2074 6865 ight side of the\n+0001aac0: 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e 0a20 center slice.. \n+0001aad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001aae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aaf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6229 2049 6620 7468 b) If th\n-0001ab00: 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 776f 6e27 e scrollbar won'\n-0001ab10: 7420 6265 2064 7261 776e 0a20 2020 2020 t be drawn. \n+0001aaf0: 2020 6229 2049 6620 7468 6520 7363 726f b) If the scro\n+0001ab00: 6c6c 6261 7220 776f 6e27 7420 6265 2064 llbar won't be d\n+0001ab10: 7261 776e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rawn. \n 0001ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 th\n-0001ab40: 656e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 en the boot menu\n-0001ab50: 2065 6e74 7279 2773 2077 6964 7468 0a20 entry's width. \n+0001ab30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 656e 2074 6865 then the\n+0001ab40: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 boot menu entry\n+0001ab50: 2773 2077 6964 7468 0a20 2020 2020 2020 's width. \n 0001ab60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab80: 2020 6973 2074 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f is the width o\n-0001ab90: 6620 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 f the center sli\n-0001aba0: 6365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce.. \n+0001ab70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6973 2074 is t\n+0001ab80: 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 he width of the \n+0001ab90: 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2e0a 2020 center slice.. \n+0001aba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001abc0: 2020 2020 2020 2063 2920 5765 2064 6f6e c) We don\n-0001abd0: 2774 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 206e 6565 't necessary nee\n-0001abe0: 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d the. \n+0001abc0: 2063 2920 5765 2064 6f6e 2774 206e 6563 c) We don't nec\n+0001abd0: 6573 7361 7279 206e 6565 6420 7468 650a essary need the.\n+0001abe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ac00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 7520 7069 menu pi\n-0001ac10: 786d 6170 2062 6f78 2074 6f20 6469 7370 xmap box to disp\n-0001ac20: 6c61 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 lay the. \n+0001ac00: 2020 206d 656e 7520 7069 786d 6170 2062 menu pixmap b\n+0001ac10: 6f78 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 ox to display th\n+0001ac20: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n 0001ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c scrol\n-0001ac50: 6c62 6172 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c lbar.. scrol\n-0001ac60: 6c62 6172 5f6c 6566 745f 7061 6420 2020 lbar_left_pad \n-0001ac70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6566 The lef\n-0001ac80: 7420 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 6464 t scrollbar padd\n-0001ac90: 696e 6720 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing in. \n+0001ac40: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2e0a scrollbar..\n+0001ac50: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f6c scrollbar_l\n+0001ac60: 6566 745f 7061 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 eft_pad \n+0001ac70: 2020 2054 6865 206c 6566 7420 7363 726f The left scro\n+0001ac80: 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e 6720 696e llbar padding in\n+0001ac90: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 0001aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001acb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 pixels\n-0001acc0: 2e20 2055 6e75 7365 6420 6966 0a20 2020 . Unused if. \n+0001acb0: 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e20 2055 6e75 pixels. Unu\n+0001acc0: 7365 6420 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 sed if. \n 0001acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ace0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001acf0: 2273 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 \"scrollbar_slice\n-0001ad00: 2220 6973 2022 7765 7374 222e 0a20 2020 \" is \"west\".. \n-0001ad10: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7269 6768 scrollbar_righ\n-0001ad20: 745f 7061 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_pad \n-0001ad30: 5468 6520 7269 6768 7420 7363 726f 6c6c The right scroll\n-0001ad40: 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e 6720 696e 0a20 bar padding in. \n+0001ace0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2273 6372 6f6c \"scrol\n+0001acf0: 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 2220 6973 2022 lbar_slice\" is \"\n+0001ad00: 7765 7374 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f west\".. scro\n+0001ad10: 6c6c 6261 725f 7269 6768 745f 7061 6420 llbar_right_pad \n+0001ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7269 The ri\n+0001ad30: 6768 7420 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 ght scrollbar pa\n+0001ad40: 6464 696e 6720 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 dding in. \n 0001ad50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ad70: 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e20 2055 6e75 7365 pixels. Unuse\n-0001ad80: 6420 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d if. \n+0001ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 pixe\n+0001ad70: 6c73 2e20 2055 6e75 7365 6420 6966 0a20 ls. Unused if. \n+0001ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ada0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2273 6372 6f6c 6c62 \"scrollb\n-0001adb0: 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 2220 6973 2022 6561 ar_slice\" is \"ea\n-0001adc0: 7374 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c st\".. scroll\n-0001add0: 6261 725f 746f 705f 7061 6420 2020 2020 bar_top_pad \n-0001ade0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 746f 7020 The top \n-0001adf0: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e scrollbar paddin\n-0001ae00: 6720 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g in. \n+0001ada0: 2020 2273 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 \"scrollbar_sli\n+0001adb0: 6365 2220 6973 2022 6561 7374 222e 0a20 ce\" is \"east\".. \n+0001adc0: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 746f scrollbar_to\n+0001add0: 705f 7061 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p_pad \n+0001ade0: 2020 5468 6520 746f 7020 7363 726f 6c6c The top scroll\n+0001adf0: 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e 6720 696e 0a20 bar padding in. \n+0001ae00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a pixels..\n-0001ae30: 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f62 scrollbar_b\n-0001ae40: 6f74 746f 6d5f 7061 6420 2020 2020 2020 ottom_pad \n-0001ae50: 2020 2054 6865 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 7363 The bottom sc\n-0001ae60: 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7061 6464 696e 6720 rollbar padding \n-0001ae70: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n+0001ae20: 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 pixels.. s\n+0001ae30: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f62 6f74 746f 6d5f crollbar_bottom_\n+0001ae40: 7061 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 pad The\n+0001ae50: 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 bottom scrollba\n+0001ae60: 7220 7061 6464 696e 6720 696e 0a20 2020 r padding in. \n+0001ae70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0001ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae90: 2020 2020 2020 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a 2020 pixels.. \n-0001aea0: 2020 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2020 2020 2020 visible \n-0001aeb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aec0: 2053 6574 2074 6f20 2266 616c 7365 2220 Set to \"false\" \n-0001aed0: 746f 2068 6964 6520 7468 6520 626f 6f74 to hide the boot\n-0001aee0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0001aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001af00: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 menu... ..\n-0001af10: a220 6361 6e76 6173 2043 616e 7661 7320 . canvas Canvas \n-0001af20: 6973 2061 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2074 is a container t\n-0001af30: 6861 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 206d 616e 7561 hat allows manua\n-0001af40: 6c20 706c 6163 656d 656e 7420 6f66 0a20 l placement of. \n-0001af50: 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2077 components w\n-0001af60: 6974 6869 6e20 6974 2e20 2049 7420 646f ithin it. It do\n-0001af70: 6573 206e 6f74 2061 6c74 6572 2074 6865 es not alter the\n-0001af80: 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6620 6974 positions of it\n-0001af90: 7320 6368 696c 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d s child. com\n-0001afa0: 706f 6e65 6e74 732e 2020 4974 2061 7373 ponents. It ass\n-0001afb0: 6967 6e73 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 2063 igns all child c\n-0001afc0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7468 6569 7220 omponents their \n-0001afd0: 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 7369 7a65 732e preferred sizes.\n-0001afe0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2068 626f 7820 5468 .. ... hbox Th\n-0001aff0: 6520 2a68 626f 782a 2063 6f6e 7461 696e e *hbox* contain\n-0001b000: 6572 206c 6179 7320 6f75 7420 6974 7320 er lays out its \n-0001b010: 6368 696c 6472 656e 2066 726f 6d20 6c65 children from le\n-0001b020: 6674 2074 6f20 7269 6768 742c 0a20 2020 ft to right,. \n-0001b030: 2020 6769 7669 6e67 2065 6163 6820 6f6e giving each on\n-0001b040: 6520 6974 7320 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 e its preferred \n-0001b050: 7769 6474 682e 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 width. The heig\n-0001b060: 6874 206f 6620 6561 6368 2063 6869 6c64 ht of each child\n-0001b070: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2074 6f20 is. set to \n-0001b080: 7468 6520 6d61 7869 6d75 6d20 6f66 2074 the maximum of t\n-0001b090: 6865 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2068 6569 he preferred hei\n-0001b0a0: 6768 7473 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6368 696c ghts of all chil\n-0001b0b0: 6472 656e 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7662 dren... ... vb\n-0001b0c0: 6f78 2054 6865 202a 7662 6f78 2a20 636f ox The *vbox* co\n-0001b0d0: 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 6c61 7973 206f 7574 ntainer lays out\n-0001b0e0: 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e20 6672 its children fr\n-0001b0f0: 6f6d 2074 6f70 2074 6f20 626f 7474 6f6d om top to bottom\n-0001b100: 2c0a 2020 2020 2067 6976 696e 6720 6561 ,. giving ea\n-0001b110: 6368 206f 6e65 2069 7473 2070 7265 6665 ch one its prefe\n-0001b120: 7272 6564 2068 6569 6768 742e 2020 5468 rred height. 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The dis\n-0001b2f0: 7461 6e63 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206c tance from the l\n-0001b300: 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f 6620 636f eft border of co\n-0001b310: 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 746f 206c 6566 7420 ntainer to left \n-0001b320: 626f 7264 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 border of. t\n-0001b330: 6865 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e 2073 616d he object in sam\n-0001b340: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a e280 9877 6964 e format.....wid\n-0001b350: 7468 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2077 th.... The w\n-0001b360: 6964 7468 206f 6620 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 idth of object i\n-0001b370: 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 n same format...\n-0001b380: 8098 6865 6967 6874 e280 990a 2020 2020 ..height.... \n-0001b390: 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 206f The height of o\n-0001b3a0: 626a 6563 7420 696e 2073 616d 6520 666f bject in same fo\n-0001b3b0: 726d 6174 2e0a e280 9869 64e2 8099 0a20 rmat.....id.... \n-0001b3c0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 The identifi\n-0001b3d0: 6572 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f er for the compo\n-0001b3e0: 6e65 6e74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6361 6e20 nent. This can \n-0001b3f0: 6265 2061 6e79 2061 7262 6974 7261 7279 be any arbitrary\n-0001b400: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7269 6e67 2e20 2054 . string. T\n-0001b410: 6865 2049 4420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 he ID can be use\n-0001b420: 6420 6279 2073 6372 6970 7473 2074 6f20 d by scripts to \n-0001b430: 7265 6665 7220 746f 2076 6172 696f 7573 refer to various\n-0001b440: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 . components\n-0001b450: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4755 4920 636f 6d70 in the GUI comp\n-0001b460: 6f6e 656e 7420 7472 6565 2e20 2043 7572 onent tree. Cur\n-0001b470: 7265 6e74 6c79 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6973 rently, there is\n-0001b480: 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6961 one. specia\n-0001b490: 6c20 4944 2076 616c 7565 2074 6861 7420 l ID value that \n-0001b4a0: 4752 5542 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 733a GRUB recognizes:\n-0001b4b0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 .. \"__timeou\n-0001b4c0: 745f 5f22 2020 436f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 t__\" Component \n-0001b4d0: 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 4944 2077 696c with this ID wil\n-0001b4e0: 6c20 6265 2075 7064 6174 6564 2062 7920 l be updated by \n-0001b4f0: 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 GRUB. \n-0001b500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2077 696c and wil\n-0001b510: 6c20 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 696d 6520 l indicate time \n-0001b520: 656c 6170 7365 6420 746f 2061 6e20 6175 elapsed to an au\n-0001b530: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 tomatical. \n-0001b540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f bo\n-0001b550: 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c ot of the defaul\n-0001b560: 7420 656e 7472 792e 2020 4166 6665 6374 t entry. Affect\n-0001b570: 6564 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 733a 0a20 ed components:. \n-0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001b590: 2020 2022 6c61 6265 6c22 2c20 2263 6972 \"label\", \"cir\n-0001b5a0: 6375 6c61 725f 7072 6f67 7265 7373 222c cular_progress\",\n-0001b5b0: 2022 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f62 6172 222e \"progress_bar\".\n-0001b5c0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0001b5d0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 nfo, Node: Netw\n-0001b5e0: 6f72 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5365 7269 ork, Next: Seri\n-0001b5f0: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2020 5072 al terminal, Pr\n-0001b600: 6576 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 ev: Theme file f\n-0001b610: 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a ormat, Up: Top.\n-0001b620: 0a38 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 4220 .8 Booting GRUB \n-0001b630: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b from the network\n-0001b640: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n-0001b650: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001b660: 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 ..The following \n-0001b670: 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e73 2064 6f6e instructions don\n-0001b680: 2774 2077 6f72 6b20 666f 7220 2a2d 656d 't work for *-em\n-0001b690: 752c 2069 3338 362d 7165 6d75 2c0a 6933 u, i386-qemu,.i3\n-0001b6a0: 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 86-coreboot, i38\n-0001b6b0: 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 206d 6970 6-multiboot, mip\n-0001b6c0: 735f 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2c20 6d69 7073 s_loongson, mips\n-0001b6d0: 2d61 7263 2061 6e64 0a6d 6970 735f 7165 -arc and.mips_qe\n-0001b6e0: 6d75 5f6d 6970 730a 0a20 2020 546f 2067 mu_mips.. To g\n-0001b6f0: 656e 6572 6174 6520 6120 6e65 7462 6f6f enerate a netboo\n-0001b700: 7461 626c 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c table directory,\n-0001b710: 2072 756e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 run:.. grub\n-0001b720: 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 2d2d 6e65 742d -mknetdir --net-\n-0001b730: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f73 7276 2f74 directory=/srv/t\n-0001b740: 6674 7020 2d2d 7375 6264 6972 3d2f 626f ftp --subdir=/bo\n-0001b750: 6f74 2f67 7275 6220 2d64 202f 7573 722f ot/grub -d /usr/\n-0001b760: 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f3c 706c 6174 666f lib/grub/.. E.g. fo\n-0001b780: 7220 6933 3836 2d70 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 r i386-pc:.. \n-0001b790: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 202d grub-mknetdir -\n-0001b7a0: 2d6e 6574 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f -net-directory=/\n-0001b7b0: 7372 762f 7466 7470 202d 2d73 7562 6469 srv/tftp --subdi\n-0001b7c0: 723d 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 202d 6420 r=/boot/grub -d \n-0001b7d0: 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 6933 /usr/lib/grub/i3\n-0001b7e0: 3836 2d70 630a 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2066 86-pc.. Then f\n-0001b7f0: 6f6c 6c6f 7720 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f ollow instructio\n-0001b800: 6e73 2070 7269 6e74 6564 206f 7574 2062 ns printed out b\n-0001b810: 7920 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 y grub-mknetdir \n-0001b820: 6f6e 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7269 6e67 0a79 on configuring.y\n-0001b830: 6f75 7220 4448 4350 2073 6572 7665 722e our DHCP server.\n-0001b840: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2067 7275 622e 6366 .. The grub.cf\n-0001b850: 6720 6669 6c65 2069 7320 706c 6163 6564 g file is placed\n-0001b860: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2064 6972 in the same dir\n-0001b870: 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 7468 6520 7061 ectory as the pa\n-0001b880: 7468 206f 7574 7075 740a 6279 2067 7275 th output.by gru\n-0001b890: 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 2068 6572 6561 b-mknetdir herea\n-0001b8a0: 6674 6572 2072 6566 6572 7265 6420 746f fter referred to\n-0001b8b0: 2061 7320 4657 5041 5448 2e20 4752 5542 as FWPATH. GRUB\n-0001b8c0: 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6172 6368 2066 6f72 will search for\n-0001b8d0: 0a69 7473 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 .its configurati\n-0001b8e0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 on files in orde\n-0001b8f0: 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 666f 6c6c r using the foll\n-0001b900: 6f77 696e 6720 7275 6c65 7320 7768 6572 owing rules wher\n-0001b910: 6520 7468 650a 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2076 e the.appended v\n-0001b920: 616c 7565 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 alue corresponds\n-0001b930: 2074 6f20 6120 7661 6c75 6520 6f6e 2074 to a value on t\n-0001b940: 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 6d61 6368 696e he client machin\n-0001b950: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 e... ...(FWP\n-0001b960: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n-0001b970: 2de2 8098 2855 5549 4420 4f46 204d 4143 -...(UUID OF MAC\n-0001b980: 4849 4e45 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 e280 HINE).... ..\n-0001b990: 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 .(FWPATH).../gru\n-0001b9a0: 622e 6366 672d e280 9828 4d41 4320 4144 b.cfg-...(MAC AD\n-0001b9b0: 4452 4553 5320 4f46 204e 4943 29e2 8099 DRESS OF NIC)...\n-0001b9c0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 . ...(FWPATH\n-0001b9d0: 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d e280 ).../grub.cfg-..\n-0001b9e0: 9828 4950 7634 204f 5220 4950 7636 2041 .(IPv4 OR IPv6 A\n-0001b9f0: 4444 5245 5353 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 DDRESS).... \n-0001ba00: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n-0001ba10: 7275 622e 6366 670a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 rub.cfg.. The \n-0001ba20: 5555 4944 2069 7320 7468 6520 436c 6965 UUID is the Clie\n-0001ba30: 6e74 204d 6163 6869 6e65 2049 6465 6e74 nt Machine Ident\n-0001ba40: 6966 6965 7220 4f70 7469 6f6e 2044 6566 ifier Option Def\n-0001ba50: 696e 6974 696f 6e20 6173 0a73 7065 6369 inition as.speci\n-0001ba60: 6669 6564 2069 6e20 5246 4320 3435 3738 fied in RFC 4578\n-0001ba70: 2e20 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7769 . The client wi\n-0001ba80: 6c6c 206f 6e6c 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 ll only attempt \n-0001ba90: 746f 206c 6f6f 756b 2075 7020 6120 5555 to loouk up a UU\n-0001baa0: 4944 0a63 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 2069 ID.config file i\n-0001bab0: 6620 6974 2077 6173 2070 726f 7669 6465 f it was provide\n-0001bac0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2044 4843 5020 7365 d by the DHCP se\n-0001bad0: 7276 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636c rver... The cl\n-0001bae0: 6965 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2061 ient will only a\n-0001baf0: 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f6b 2075 ttempt to look u\n-0001bb00: 7020 616e 2049 5076 3620 6164 6472 6573 p an IPv6 addres\n-0001bb10: 7320 636f 6e66 6967 206f 6e63 652c 0a68 s config once,.h\n-0001bb20: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 owever, it will \n-0001bb30: 7472 7920 7468 6520 4950 7634 206d 756c try the IPv4 mul\n-0001bb40: 7469 706c 6520 7469 6d65 732e 2020 5468 tiple times. Th\n-0001bb50: 6520 636f 6e63 7265 7465 2065 7861 6d70 e concrete examp\n-0001bb60: 6c65 0a62 656c 6f77 2073 686f 7773 2077 le.below shows w\n-0001bb70: 6861 7420 776f 756c 6420 6861 7070 656e hat would happen\n-0001bb80: 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2049 5076 3420 under the IPv4 \n-0001bb90: 6361 7365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5555 4944 case... UUID\n-0001bba0: 3a20 3737 3236 6136 3738 2d37 6663 302d : 7726a678-7fc0-\n-0001bbb0: 3438 3533 2d61 3466 362d 6338 3561 6333 4853-a4f6-c85ac3\n-0001bbc0: 3661 3132 3061 0a20 2020 2020 4d41 433a 6a120a. MAC:\n-0001bbd0: 2020 3532 3a35 343a 3030 3a65 633a 3333 52:54:00:ec:33\n-0001bbe0: 3a38 310a 2020 2020 2049 5056 343a 2031 :81. IPV4: 1\n-0001bbf0: 302e 302e 302e 3133 3020 2830 4130 3030 0.0.0.130 (0A000\n-0001bc00: 3038 3229 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 082).. ...(F\n-0001bc10: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n-0001bc20: 6667 2d37 3732 3661 3637 382d 3766 6330 fg-7726a678-7fc0\n-0001bc30: 2d34 3835 332d 6134 6636 2d63 3835 6163 -4853-a4f6-c85ac\n-0001bc40: 3336 6131 3230 610a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 36a120a. ...\n-0001bc50: 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 (FWPATH).../grub\n-0001bc60: 2e63 6667 2d35 322d 3534 2d30 302d 6563 .cfg-52-54-00-ec\n-0001bc70: 2d33 332d 3831 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 -33-81. ...(\n-0001bc80: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n-0001bc90: 6366 672d 3041 3030 3030 3832 0a20 2020 cfg-0A000082. \n-0001bca0: 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 ...(FWPATH)...\n-0001bcb0: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 3030 /grub.cfg-0A0000\n-0001bcc0: 380a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 8. ...(FWPAT\n-0001bcd0: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 H).../grub.cfg-0\n-0001bce0: 4130 3030 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 A0000. ...(F\n-0001bcf0: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n-0001bd00: 6667 2d30 4130 3030 0a20 2020 2020 e280 fg-0A000. ..\n-0001bd10: 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 .(FWPATH).../gru\n-0001bd20: 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 0a20 2020 2020 b.cfg-0A00. \n-0001bd30: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n-0001bd40: 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 300a 2020 2020 rub.cfg-0A0. \n-0001bd50: 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f ...(FWPATH).../\n-0001bd60: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 410a 2020 2020 grub.cfg-0A. \n-0001bd70: 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f ...(FWPATH).../\n-0001bd80: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 0a20 2020 2020 grub.cfg-0. \n-0001bd90: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n-0001bda0: 7275 622e 6366 670a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 rub.cfg.. This\n-0001bdb0: 2066 6561 7475 7265 2069 7320 656e 6162 feature is enab\n-0001bdc0: 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2062 led by default b\n-0001bdd0: 7574 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6973 ut it can be dis\n-0001bde0: 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 abled by setting\n-0001bdf0: 0a74 6865 20e2 8098 6665 6174 7572 655f .the ...feature_\n-0001be00: 6e65 745f 7365 6172 6368 5f63 6667 e280 net_search_cfg..\n-0001be10: 9920 746f 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2e20 2053 . to ...n.... S\n-0001be20: 696e 6365 2074 6869 7320 6861 7070 656e ince this happen\n-0001be30: 7320 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 0a63 6f6e s before the.con\n-0001be40: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-0001be50: 6973 2072 6561 6420 6279 2047 5255 422c is read by GRUB,\n-0001be60: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 this option has\n-0001be70: 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 to be disabled \n-0001be80: 696e 2061 6e0a 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 in an.embedded c\n-0001be90: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-0001bea0: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6d62 6564 6465 e (*note Embedde\n-0001beb0: 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a d configuration:\n-0001bec0: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 7465 7220 4752 :)... After GR\n-0001bed0: 5542 2068 6173 2073 7461 7274 6564 2c20 UB has started, \n-0001bee0: 6669 6c65 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2054 4654 files on the TFT\n-0001bef0: 5020 7365 7276 6572 2077 696c 6c20 6265 P server will be\n-0001bf00: 2061 6363 6573 7369 626c 650a 7669 6120 accessible.via \n-0001bf10: 7468 6520 e280 9828 7466 7470 29e2 8099 the ...(tftp)...\n-0001bf20: 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 device... The\n-0001bf30: 2073 6572 7665 7220 4950 2061 6464 7265 server IP addre\n-0001bf40: 7373 2063 616e 2062 6520 636f 6e74 726f ss can be contro\n-0001bf50: 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 6368 616e 6769 6e67 lled by changing\n-0001bf60: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2874 6674 7029 e280 the ...(tftp)..\n-0001bf70: 990a 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 746f ..device name to\n-0001bf80: 20e2 8098 2874 6674 702c 5345 5256 4552 ...(tftp,SERVER\n-0001bf90: 2d49 5029 e280 992e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 -IP).... Note t\n-0001bfa0: 6861 7420 7468 6973 2073 686f 756c 6420 hat this should \n-0001bfb0: 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 0a62 6f74 6820 be changed.both \n-0001bfc0: 696e 2074 6865 2070 7265 6669 7820 616e in the prefix an\n-0001bfd0: 6420 696e 2061 6e79 2072 6566 6572 656e d in any referen\n-0001bfe0: 6365 7320 746f 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 ces to the devic\n-0001bff0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2069 6e20 7468 650a 636f e name in the.co\n-0001c000: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-0001c010: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 ... GRUB provi\n-0001c020: 6465 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 656e 7669 des several envi\n-0001c030: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-0001c040: 7320 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6265 2075 s which may be u\n-0001c050: 7365 6420 746f 0a69 6e73 7065 6374 206f sed to.inspect o\n-0001c060: 7220 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6568 r change the beh\n-0001c070: 6176 696f 7572 206f 6620 7468 6520 5058 aviour of the PX\n-0001c080: 4520 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 E device. In th\n-0001c090: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 6465 7363 e following.desc\n-0001c0a0: 7269 7074 696f 6e20 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ription is placehold\n-0001c0c0: 6572 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 er for the name \n-0001c0d0: 6f66 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 of network inter\n-0001c0e0: 6661 6365 0a28 706c 6174 666f 726d 2064 face.(platform d\n-0001c0f0: 6570 656e 6465 6e74 293a 0a0a e280 986e ependent):.....n\n-0001c100: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f69 et__i\n-0001c110: 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6e65 p.... The ne\n-0001c120: 7477 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 twork interface'\n-0001c130: 7320 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 s IP address. R\n-0001c140: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 ead-only......ne\n-0001c150: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 t__ma\n-0001c160: 63e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6e65 c.... The ne\n-0001c170: 7477 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 twork interface'\n-0001c180: 7320 4d41 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 s MAC address. \n-0001c190: 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e Read-only......n\n-0001c1a0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 et__c\n-0001c1b0: 6c69 656e 7469 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 lientid.... \n-0001c1c0: 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2069 6420 7072 The client id pr\n-0001c1d0: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 ovided by DHCP. \n-0001c1e0: 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e Read-only......n\n-0001c1f0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 et__c\n-0001c200: 6c69 656e 7475 7569 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 lientuuid.... \n-0001c210: 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2075 7569 The client uui\n-0001c220: 6420 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 d provided by DH\n-0001c230: 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a CP. Read-only...\n-0001c240: e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 ...net__hostname.... \n-0001c260: 2020 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2068 The client h\n-0001c270: 6f73 7420 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 ost name provide\n-0001c280: 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d d by DHCP. Read-\n-0001c290: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 only......net__domain\n-0001c2b0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 .... The cli\n-0001c2c0: 656e 7420 646f 6d61 696e 206e 616d 6520 ent domain name \n-0001c2d0: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 provided by DHCP\n-0001c2e0: 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 . Read-only.....\n-0001c2f0: 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e .net_\n-0001c300: 5f72 6f6f 7470 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 _rootpath.... \n-0001c310: 2020 5468 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 7468 The path to th\n-0001c320: 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 e client's root \n-0001c330: 6469 736b 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 disk provided by\n-0001c340: 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 DHCP. Read-only\n-0001c350: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__extensions\n-0001c370: 7061 7468 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 path.... The\n-0001c380: 2070 6174 6820 746f 2061 6464 6974 696f path to additio\n-0001c390: 6e61 6c20 4448 4350 2076 656e 646f 7220 nal DHCP vendor \n-0001c3a0: 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2070 726f 7669 extensions provi\n-0001c3b0: 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 0a20 2020 ded by DHCP.. \n-0001c3c0: 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 Read-only.....\n-0001c3d0: 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e .net_\n-0001c3e0: 5f62 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 e280 990a 2020 _boot_file.... \n-0001c3f0: 2020 2054 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 The boot file\n-0001c400: 206e 616d 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 name provided b\n-0001c410: 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c y DHCP. Read-onl\n-0001c420: 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 y......net__dhcp_serv\n-0001c440: 6572 5f6e 616d 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 er_name.... \n-0001c450: 5468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 The name of the \n-0001c460: 4448 4350 2073 6572 7665 7220 7265 7370 DHCP server resp\n-0001c470: 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f 7220 7468 6573 onsible for thes\n-0001c480: 6520 626f 6f74 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 e boot parameter\n-0001c490: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c s.. Read-onl\n-0001c4a0: 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 y......net__next_serv\n-0001c4c0: 6572 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2049 er.... The I\n-0001c4d0: 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2074 6865 P address of the\n-0001c4e0: 206e 6578 7420 2875 7375 616c 6c79 2c20 next (usually, \n-0001c4f0: 5446 5450 2920 7365 7276 6572 2070 726f TFTP) server pro\n-0001c500: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 0a20 vided by DHCP.. \n-0001c510: 2020 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a Read-only...\n-0001c520: e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 ...net_default_i\n-0001c530: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 e280 990a 2020 2020 nterface.... \n-0001c540: 2049 6e69 7469 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2074 Initially set t\n-0001c550: 6f20 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 o name of networ\n-0001c560: 6b20 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7468 6174 k interface that\n-0001c570: 2077 6173 2075 7365 6420 746f 206c 6f61 was used to loa\n-0001c580: 640a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622e 2020 5265 d. grub. Re\n-0001c590: 6164 2d77 7269 7465 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 ad-write, althou\n-0001c5a0: 6768 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7420 6166 gh setting it af\n-0001c5b0: 6665 6374 7320 6f6e 6c79 2069 6e74 6572 fects only inter\n-0001c5c0: 7072 6574 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f pretation. o\n-0001c5d0: 6620 e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 f ...net_default\n-0001c5e0: 5f69 70e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6e65 _ip... and ...ne\n-0001c5f0: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 63e2 8099 t_default_mac...\n-0001c600: 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 .....net_default\n-0001c610: 5f69 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 _ip.... The \n-0001c620: 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 6465 IP address of de\n-0001c630: 6661 756c 7420 696e 7465 7266 6163 652e fault interface.\n-0001c640: 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 2020 5468 Read-only. Th\n-0001c650: 6973 2069 7320 616c 6961 7320 666f 720a is is alias for.\n-0001c660: 2020 2020 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e65 745f the ...net_\n-0001c670: 247b 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e ${net_default_in\n-0001c680: 7465 7266 6163 657d 5f69 70e2 8099 2e0a terface}_ip.....\n-0001c690: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f ....net_default_\n-0001c6a0: 6d61 63e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 mac.... The \n-0001c6b0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 696e 7465 7266 6163 default interfac\n-0001c6c0: 6527 7320 4d41 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e e's MAC address.\n-0001c6d0: 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 2020 5468 Read-only. Th\n-0001c6e0: 6973 2069 7320 616c 6961 7320 666f 720a is is alias for.\n-0001c6f0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e65 745f the ...net_\n-0001c700: 247b 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e ${net_default_in\n-0001c710: 7465 7266 6163 657d 5f6d 6163 e280 992e terface}_mac....\n-0001c720: 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 .....net_default\n-0001c730: 5f73 6572 7665 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 _server.... \n-0001c740: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7365 7276 The default serv\n-0001c750: 6572 2075 7365 6420 6279 206e 6574 776f er used by netwo\n-0001c760: 726b 2064 7269 7665 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 rk drives (*note\n-0001c770: 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a Device syntax::\n-0001c780: 292e 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2d77 7269 ).. Read-wri\n-0001c790: 7465 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2073 6574 te, although set\n-0001c7a0: 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6973 206f 6e6c ting this is onl\n-0001c7b0: 7920 7573 6566 756c 2062 6566 6f72 6520 y useful before \n-0001c7c0: 6f70 656e 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 206e opening a. n\n-0001c7d0: 6574 776f 726b 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a etwork device...\n-0001c7e0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0001c7f0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 7269 616c o, Node: Serial\n-0001c800: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 terminal, Next\n-0001c810: 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f : Vendor power-o\n-0001c820: 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204e n keys, Prev: N\n-0001c830: 6574 776f 726b 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 etwork, Up: Top\n-0001c840: 0a0a 3920 5573 696e 6720 4752 5542 2076 ..9 Using GRUB v\n-0001c850: 6961 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 ia a serial line\n-0001c860: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n-0001c870: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-0001c880: 0a54 6869 7320 6368 6170 7465 7220 6465 .This chapter de\n-0001c890: 7363 7269 6265 7320 686f 7720 746f 2075 scribes how to u\n-0001c8a0: 7365 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 7465 se the serial te\n-0001c8b0: 726d 696e 616c 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 rminal support i\n-0001c8c0: 6e20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 n GRUB... If y\n-0001c8d0: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6d61 6e79 2063 6f6d ou have many com\n-0001c8e0: 7075 7465 7273 206f 7220 636f 6d70 7574 puters or comput\n-0001c8f0: 6572 7320 7769 7468 206e 6f20 6469 7370 ers with no disp\n-0001c900: 6c61 792f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2c20 6974 lay/keyboard, it\n-0001c910: 0a63 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7665 7279 2075 .could be very u\n-0001c920: 7365 6675 6c20 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c seful to control\n-0001c930: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2074 the computers t\n-0001c940: 6872 6f75 6768 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 636f hrough serial.co\n-0001c950: 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 mmunications. T\n-0001c960: 6f20 636f 6e6e 6563 7420 6f6e 6520 636f o connect one co\n-0001c970: 6d70 7574 6572 2077 6974 6820 616e 6f74 mputer with anot\n-0001c980: 6865 7220 7669 6120 6120 7365 7269 616c her via a serial\n-0001c990: 206c 696e 652c 0a79 6f75 206e 6565 6420 line,.you need \n-0001c9a0: 746f 2070 7265 7061 7265 2061 206e 756c to prepare a nul\n-0001c9b0: 6c2d 6d6f 6465 6d20 2863 726f 7373 2920 l-modem (cross) \n-0001c9c0: 7365 7269 616c 2063 6162 6c65 2c20 616e serial cable, an\n-0001c9d0: 6420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 0a74 d you may need.t\n-0001c9e0: 6f20 6861 7665 206d 756c 7469 706f 7274 o have multiport\n-0001c9f0: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 626f 6172 6473 2c20 serial boards, \n-0001ca00: 6966 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 if your computer\n-0001ca10: 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2068 6176 6520 6578 doesn't have ex\n-0001ca20: 7472 610a 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7473 tra.serial ports\n-0001ca30: 2e20 2049 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 2c20 . In addition, \n-0001ca40: 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 a terminal emula\n-0001ca50: 746f 7220 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7265 7175 tor is also requ\n-0001ca60: 6972 6564 2c20 7375 6368 0a61 7320 6d69 ired, such.as mi\n-0001ca70: 6e69 636f 6d2e 2020 5265 6665 7220 746f nicom. Refer to\n-0001ca80: 2061 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6f66 2079 6f75 a manual of you\n-0001ca90: 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 r operating syst\n-0001caa0: 656d 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a69 6e66 em, for more.inf\n-0001cab0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4173 ormation... As\n-0001cac0: 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 2069 for GRUB, the i\n-0001cad0: 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7365 nstruction to se\n-0001cae0: 7420 7570 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 7465 t up a serial te\n-0001caf0: 726d 696e 616c 2069 7320 7175 6974 650a rminal is quite.\n-0001cb00: 7369 6d70 6c65 2e20 2048 6572 6520 6973 simple. Here is\n-0001cb10: 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 an example:.. \n-0001cb20: 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 6572 6961 6c20 grub> serial \n-0001cb30: 2d2d 756e 6974 3d30 202d 2d73 7065 6564 --unit=0 --speed\n-0001cb40: 3d39 3630 300a 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e =9600. grub>\n-0001cb50: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 terminal_input \n-0001cb60: 7365 7269 616c 3b20 7465 726d 696e 616c serial; terminal\n-0001cb70: 5f6f 7574 7075 7420 7365 7269 616c 0a0a _output serial..\n-0001cb80: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 The command .\n-0001cb90: 8098 7365 7269 616c e280 9920 696e 6974 ..serial... init\n-0001cba0: 6961 6c69 7a65 7320 7468 6520 7365 7269 ializes the seri\n-0001cbb0: 616c 2075 6e69 7420 3020 7769 7468 2074 al unit 0 with t\n-0001cbc0: 6865 2073 7065 6564 0a39 3630 3062 7073 he speed.9600bps\n-0001cbd0: 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 756e . The serial un\n-0001cbe0: 6974 2030 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 it 0 is usually \n-0001cbf0: 6361 6c6c 6564 20e2 8098 434f 4d31 e280 called ...COM1..\n-0001cc00: 992c 2073 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 ., so, if you wa\n-0001cc10: 6e74 2074 6f0a 7573 6520 434f 4d32 2c20 nt to.use COM2, \n-0001cc20: 796f 7520 6d75 7374 2073 7065 6369 6679 you must specify\n-0001cc30: 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e 6974 3d31 e280 9920 ...--unit=1... \n-0001cc40: 696e 7374 6561 642e 2020 5468 6973 2063 instead. This c\n-0001cc50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2061 6363 6570 7473 0a6d ommand accepts.m\n-0001cc60: 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6f70 7469 6f6e any other option\n-0001cc70: 732c 202a 6e6f 7465 2073 6572 6961 6c3a s, *note serial:\n-0001cc80: 3a20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 : for more detai\n-0001cc90: 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 5769 7468 6f75 7420 ls... Without \n-0001cca0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 206f 7220 7769 7468 argument or with\n-0001ccb0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 706f 7274 3d61 7574 6fe2 ...--port=auto.\n-0001ccc0: 8099 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6174 .., GRUB will at\n-0001ccd0: 7465 6d70 7420 746f 2075 7365 2041 4350 tempt to use ACP\n-0001cce0: 490a 7768 656e 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 I.when available\n-0001ccf0: 2074 6f20 6175 746f 2d64 6574 6563 7420 to auto-detect \n-0001cd00: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7365 7269 the default seri\n-0001cd10: 616c 2070 6f72 7420 616e 6420 6974 730a al port and its.\n-0001cd20: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a configuration...\n-0001cd30: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 The commands \n-0001cd40: e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 ...terminal_inpu\n-0001cd50: 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 726d t... (*note term\n-0001cd60: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a 2920 616e inal_input::) an\n-0001cd70: 640a e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 d....terminal_ou\n-0001cd80: 7470 7574 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 tput... (*note t\n-0001cd90: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a erminal_output::\n-0001cda0: 2920 6368 6f6f 7365 2077 6869 6368 2074 ) choose which t\n-0001cdb0: 7970 6520 6f66 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ype of.terminal \n-0001cdc0: 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 652e you want to use.\n-0001cdd0: 2020 496e 2074 6865 2063 6173 6520 6162 In the case ab\n-0001cde0: 6f76 652c 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ove, the termina\n-0001cdf0: 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 610a 7365 7269 l will be a.seri\n-0001ce00: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2062 7574 al terminal, but\n-0001ce10: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 7061 you can also pa\n-0001ce20: 7373 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 ss ...console...\n-0001ce30: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c to the command,\n-0001ce40: 2061 730a e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f as....terminal_\n-0001ce50: 696e 7075 7420 7365 7269 616c 2063 6f6e input serial con\n-0001ce60: 736f 6c65 e280 992e 2020 496e 2074 6869 sole.... In thi\n-0001ce70: 7320 6361 7365 2c20 6120 7465 726d 696e s case, a termin\n-0001ce80: 616c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 796f 750a al in which you.\n-0001ce90: 7072 6573 7320 616e 7920 6b65 7920 7769 press any key wi\n-0001cea0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2061 ll be selected a\n-0001ceb0: 7320 6120 4752 5542 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 s a GRUB termina\n-0001cec0: 6c2e 2020 496e 2074 6865 2065 7861 6d70 l. In the examp\n-0001ced0: 6c65 0a61 626f 7665 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 le.above, note t\n-0001cee0: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 hat you need to \n-0001cef0: 7075 7420 626f 7468 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 put both command\n-0001cf00: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 636f s on the same co\n-0001cf10: 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2c0a 6173 2079 mmand line,.as y\n-0001cf20: 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 6c6f 7365 2074 6865 ou will lose the\n-0001cf30: 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 7479 7065 ability to type\n-0001cf40: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 commands on the\n-0001cf50: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 6674 6572 2074 console after t\n-0001cf60: 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 he.first command\n-0001cf70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 206e ... However, n\n-0001cf80: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 6173 ote that GRUB as\n-0001cf90: 7375 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 sumes that your \n-0001cfa0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f terminal emulato\n-0001cfb0: 7220 6973 0a63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 r is.compatible \n-0001cfc0: 7769 7468 2056 5431 3030 2062 7920 6465 with VT100 by de\n-0001cfd0: 6661 756c 742e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 fault. This is \n-0001cfe0: 7472 7565 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7465 true for most te\n-0001cff0: 726d 696e 616c 0a65 6d75 6c61 746f 7273 rminal.emulators\n-0001d000: 206e 6f77 6164 6179 732c 2062 7574 2079 nowadays, but y\n-0001d010: 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 7061 7373 2074 ou should pass t\n-0001d020: 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d64 he option ...--d\n-0001d030: 756d 62e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 650a 636f umb... to the.co\n-0001d040: 6d6d 616e 6420 6966 2079 6f75 7220 7465 mmand if your te\n-0001d050: 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 rminal emulator \n-0001d060: 6973 206e 6f74 2056 5431 3030 2d63 6f6d is not VT100-com\n-0001d070: 7061 7469 626c 6520 6f72 2069 6d70 6c65 patible or imple\n-0001d080: 6d65 6e74 730a 6665 7720 5654 3130 3020 ments.few VT100 \n-0001d090: 6573 6361 7065 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6573 escape sequences\n-0001d0a0: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 . If you specif\n-0001d0b0: 7920 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7468 y this option th\n-0001d0c0: 656e 2047 5255 420a 7072 6f76 6964 6573 en GRUB.provides\n-0001d0d0: 2079 6f75 2077 6974 6820 616e 2061 6c74 you with an alt\n-0001d0e0: 6572 6e61 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 696e ernative menu in\n-0001d0f0: 7465 7266 6163 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 terface, because\n-0001d100: 2074 6865 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d65 6e75 the normal menu\n-0001d110: 0a72 6571 7569 7265 7320 7365 7665 7261 .requires severa\n-0001d120: 6c20 6661 6e63 7920 6665 6174 7572 6573 l fancy features\n-0001d130: 206f 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 of your termina\n-0001d140: 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 l.....File: grub\n-0001d150: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5665 .info, Node: Ve\n-0001d160: 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 ndor power-on ke\n-0001d170: 7973 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6d61 6765 ys, Next: Image\n-0001d180: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 7269 616c s, Prev: Serial\n-0001d190: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 terminal, Up: \n-0001d1a0: 546f 700a 0a31 3020 5573 696e 6720 4752 Top..10 Using GR\n-0001d1b0: 5542 2077 6974 6820 7665 6e64 6f72 2070 UB with vendor p\n-0001d1c0: 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 0a2a 2a2a ower-on keys.***\n+0001ae90: 7069 7865 6c73 2e0a 2020 2020 2076 6973 pixels.. vis\n+0001aea0: 6962 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ible \n+0001aeb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 Set t\n+0001aec0: 6f20 2266 616c 7365 2220 746f 2068 6964 o \"false\" to hid\n+0001aed0: 6520 7468 6520 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 e the boot. \n+0001aee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 me\n+0001af00: 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6361 6e76 nu... ... canv\n+0001af10: 6173 2043 616e 7661 7320 6973 2061 2063 as Canvas is a c\n+0001af20: 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2074 6861 7420 616c ontainer that al\n+0001af30: 6c6f 7773 206d 616e 7561 6c20 706c 6163 lows manual plac\n+0001af40: 656d 656e 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 636f ement of. co\n+0001af50: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2077 6974 6869 6e20 mponents within \n+0001af60: 6974 2e20 2049 7420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 it. It does not\n+0001af70: 2061 6c74 6572 2074 6865 2070 6f73 6974 alter the posit\n+0001af80: 696f 6e73 206f 6620 6974 7320 6368 696c ions of its chil\n+0001af90: 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 d. component\n+0001afa0: 732e 2020 4974 2061 7373 6967 6e73 2061 s. It assigns a\n+0001afb0: 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 ll child compone\n+0001afc0: 6e74 7320 7468 6569 7220 7072 6566 6572 nts their prefer\n+0001afd0: 7265 6420 7369 7a65 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 red sizes... .\n+0001afe0: 80a2 2068 626f 7820 5468 6520 2a68 626f .. hbox The *hbo\n+0001aff0: 782a 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 206c 6179 x* container lay\n+0001b000: 7320 6f75 7420 6974 7320 6368 696c 6472 s out its childr\n+0001b010: 656e 2066 726f 6d20 6c65 6674 2074 6f20 en from left to \n+0001b020: 7269 6768 742c 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7669 right,. givi\n+0001b030: 6e67 2065 6163 6820 6f6e 6520 6974 7320 ng each one its \n+0001b040: 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 7769 6474 682e preferred width.\n+0001b050: 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 The height of \n+0001b060: 6561 6368 2063 6869 6c64 2069 730a 2020 each child is. \n+0001b070: 2020 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 set to the ma\n+0001b080: 7869 6d75 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 7265 ximum of the pre\n+0001b090: 6665 7272 6564 2068 6569 6768 7473 206f ferred heights o\n+0001b0a0: 6620 616c 6c20 6368 696c 6472 656e 2e0a f all children..\n+0001b0b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7662 6f78 2054 6865 . ... vbox The\n+0001b0c0: 202a 7662 6f78 2a20 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 *vbox* containe\n+0001b0d0: 7220 6c61 7973 206f 7574 2069 7473 2063 r lays out its c\n+0001b0e0: 6869 6c64 7265 6e20 6672 6f6d 2074 6f70 hildren from top\n+0001b0f0: 2074 6f20 626f 7474 6f6d 2c0a 2020 2020 to bottom,. \n+0001b100: 2067 6976 696e 6720 6561 6368 206f 6e65 giving each one\n+0001b110: 2069 7473 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2068 its preferred h\n+0001b120: 6569 6768 742e 2020 5468 6520 7769 6474 eight. 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The h\n+0001b390: 6569 6768 7420 6f66 206f 626a 6563 7420 eight of object \n+0001b3a0: 696e 2073 616d 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a in same format..\n+0001b3b0: e280 9869 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ...id.... Th\n+0001b3c0: 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 2066 6f72 e identifier for\n+0001b3d0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e20 the component. \n+0001b3e0: 2054 6869 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 This can be any\n+0001b3f0: 2061 7262 6974 7261 7279 0a20 2020 2020 arbitrary. \n+0001b400: 7374 7269 6e67 2e20 2054 6865 2049 4420 string. The ID \n+0001b410: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 6279 2073 can be used by s\n+0001b420: 6372 6970 7473 2074 6f20 7265 6665 7220 cripts to refer \n+0001b430: 746f 2076 6172 696f 7573 0a20 2020 2020 to various. \n+0001b440: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 components in th\n+0001b450: 6520 4755 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 e GUI component \n+0001b460: 7472 6565 2e20 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 tree. Currently\n+0001b470: 2c20 7468 6572 6520 6973 206f 6e65 0a20 , there is one. \n+0001b480: 2020 2020 7370 6563 6961 6c20 4944 2076 special ID v\n+0001b490: 616c 7565 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2072 alue that GRUB r\n+0001b4a0: 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 ecognizes:.. \n+0001b4b0: 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2020 \"__timeout__\" \n+0001b4c0: 436f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 7468 2074 Component with t\n+0001b4d0: 6869 7320 4944 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2075 his ID will be u\n+0001b4e0: 7064 6174 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 0a20 pdated by GRUB. \n+0001b4f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001b500: 2020 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 696e 6469 and will indi\n+0001b510: 6361 7465 2074 696d 6520 656c 6170 7365 cate time elapse\n+0001b520: 6420 746f 2061 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 d to an automati\n+0001b530: 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cal. \n+0001b540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206f 6620 boot of \n+0001b550: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 the default entr\n+0001b560: 792e 2020 4166 6665 6374 6564 2063 6f6d y. Affected com\n+0001b570: 706f 6e65 6e74 733a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ponents:. \n+0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6c61 \"la\n+0001b590: 6265 6c22 2c20 2263 6972 6375 6c61 725f bel\", \"circular_\n+0001b5a0: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 222c 2022 7072 6f67 progress\", \"prog\n+0001b5b0: 7265 7373 5f62 6172 222e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ress_bar\".....Fi\n+0001b5c0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0001b5d0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2020 Node: Network, \n+0001b5e0: 4e65 7874 3a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 Next: Serial ter\n+0001b5f0: 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5468 minal, Prev: Th\n+0001b600: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742c eme file format,\n+0001b610: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a38 2042 6f6f Up: Top..8 Boo\n+0001b620: 7469 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6672 6f6d 2074 ting GRUB from t\n+0001b630: 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a he network.*****\n+0001b640: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0001b650: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6520 **********..The \n+0001b660: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 696e 7374 7275 following instru\n+0001b670: 6374 696f 6e73 2064 6f6e 2774 2077 6f72 ctions don't wor\n+0001b680: 6b20 666f 7220 2a2d 656d 752c 2069 3338 k for *-emu, i38\n+0001b690: 362d 7165 6d75 2c0a 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6-qemu,.i386-cor\n+0001b6a0: 6562 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 eboot, i386-mult\n+0001b6b0: 6962 6f6f 742c 206d 6970 735f 6c6f 6f6e iboot, mips_loon\n+0001b6c0: 6773 6f6e 2c20 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 2061 gson, mips-arc a\n+0001b6d0: 6e64 0a6d 6970 735f 7165 6d75 5f6d 6970 nd.mips_qemu_mip\n+0001b6e0: 730a 0a20 2020 546f 2067 656e 6572 6174 s.. To generat\n+0001b6f0: 6520 6120 6e65 7462 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 e a netbootable \n+0001b700: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2072 756e 3a0a directory, run:.\n+0001b710: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 . grub-mknet\n+0001b720: 6469 7220 2d2d 6e65 742d 6469 7265 6374 dir --net-direct\n+0001b730: 6f72 793d 2f73 7276 2f74 6674 7020 2d2d ory=/srv/tftp --\n+0001b740: 7375 6264 6972 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 subdir=/boot/gru\n+0001b750: 6220 2d64 202f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 b -d /usr/lib/gr\n+0001b760: 7562 2f3c 706c 6174 666f 726d 3e0a 0a20 ub/.. \n+0001b770: 2020 452e 672e 2020 666f 7220 6933 3836 E.g. for i386\n+0001b780: 2d70 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d -pc:.. grub-\n+0001b790: 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 202d 2d6e 6574 2d64 mknetdir --net-d\n+0001b7a0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 7372 762f 7466 irectory=/srv/tf\n+0001b7b0: 7470 202d 2d73 7562 6469 723d 2f62 6f6f tp --subdir=/boo\n+0001b7c0: 742f 6772 7562 202d 6420 2f75 7372 2f6c t/grub -d /usr/l\n+0001b7d0: 6962 2f67 7275 622f 6933 3836 2d70 630a ib/grub/i386-pc.\n+0001b7e0: 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7720 . Then follow \n+0001b7f0: 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e73 2070 7269 instructions pri\n+0001b800: 6e74 6564 206f 7574 2062 7920 6772 7562 nted out by grub\n+0001b810: 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 6f6e 2063 6f6e -mknetdir on con\n+0001b820: 6669 6775 7269 6e67 0a79 6f75 7220 4448 figuring.your DH\n+0001b830: 4350 2073 6572 7665 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 CP server... T\n+0001b840: 6865 2067 7275 622e 6366 6720 6669 6c65 he grub.cfg file\n+0001b850: 2069 7320 706c 6163 6564 2069 6e20 7468 is placed in th\n+0001b860: 6520 7361 6d65 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 e same directory\n+0001b870: 2061 7320 7468 6520 7061 7468 206f 7574 as the path out\n+0001b880: 7075 740a 6279 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 put.by grub-mkne\n+0001b890: 7464 6972 2068 6572 6561 6674 6572 2072 tdir hereafter r\n+0001b8a0: 6566 6572 7265 6420 746f 2061 7320 4657 eferred to as FW\n+0001b8b0: 5041 5448 2e20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 PATH. GRUB will \n+0001b8c0: 7365 6172 6368 2066 6f72 0a69 7473 2063 search for.its c\n+0001b8d0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+0001b8e0: 6573 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 7573 696e es in order usin\n+0001b8f0: 6720 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 g the following \n+0001b900: 7275 6c65 7320 7768 6572 6520 7468 650a rules where the.\n+0001b910: 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2076 616c 7565 2063 appended value c\n+0001b920: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 6120 orresponds to a \n+0001b930: 7661 6c75 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6c69 value on the cli\n+0001b940: 656e 7420 6d61 6368 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 ent machine... \n+0001b950: 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 ...(FWPATH)..\n+0001b960: 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 2855 ./grub.cfg-...(U\n+0001b970: 5549 4420 4f46 204d 4143 4849 4e45 29e2 UID OF MACHINE).\n+0001b980: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 ... ...(FWPA\n+0001b990: 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d TH).../grub.cfg-\n+0001b9a0: e280 9828 4d41 4320 4144 4452 4553 5320 ...(MAC ADDRESS \n+0001b9b0: 4f46 204e 4943 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 OF NIC).... \n+0001b9c0: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n+0001b9d0: 7275 622e 6366 672d e280 9828 4950 7634 rub.cfg-...(IPv4\n+0001b9e0: 204f 5220 4950 7636 2041 4444 5245 5353 OR IPv6 ADDRESS\n+0001b9f0: 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 ).... ...(FW\n+0001ba00: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n+0001ba10: 670a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 5555 4944 2069 g.. The UUID i\n+0001ba20: 7320 7468 6520 436c 6965 6e74 204d 6163 s the Client Mac\n+0001ba30: 6869 6e65 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 hine Identifier \n+0001ba40: 4f70 7469 6f6e 2044 6566 696e 6974 696f Option Definitio\n+0001ba50: 6e20 6173 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 n as.specified i\n+0001ba60: 6e20 5246 4320 3435 3738 2e20 2054 6865 n RFC 4578. The\n+0001ba70: 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7769 6c6c 206f 6e6c client will onl\n+0001ba80: 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c 6f6f y attempt to loo\n+0001ba90: 756b 2075 7020 6120 5555 4944 0a63 6f6e uk up a UUID.con\n+0001baa0: 6669 6720 6669 6c65 2069 6620 6974 2077 fig file if it w\n+0001bab0: 6173 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 as provided by t\n+0001bac0: 6865 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 2e0a he DHCP server..\n+0001bad0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2077 . The client w\n+0001bae0: 696c 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2061 7474 656d 7074 ill only attempt\n+0001baf0: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f6b 2075 7020 616e 2049 to look up an I\n+0001bb00: 5076 3620 6164 6472 6573 7320 636f 6e66 Pv6 address conf\n+0001bb10: 6967 206f 6e63 652c 0a68 6f77 6576 6572 ig once,.however\n+0001bb20: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 7468 , it will try th\n+0001bb30: 6520 4950 7634 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 e IPv4 multiple \n+0001bb40: 7469 6d65 732e 2020 5468 6520 636f 6e63 times. The conc\n+0001bb50: 7265 7465 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 0a62 656c rete example.bel\n+0001bb60: 6f77 2073 686f 7773 2077 6861 7420 776f ow shows what wo\n+0001bb70: 756c 6420 6861 7070 656e 2075 6e64 6572 uld happen under\n+0001bb80: 2074 6865 2049 5076 3420 6361 7365 2e0a the IPv4 case..\n+0001bb90: 0a20 2020 2020 5555 4944 3a20 3737 3236 . UUID: 7726\n+0001bba0: 6136 3738 2d37 6663 302d 3438 3533 2d61 a678-7fc0-4853-a\n+0001bbb0: 3466 362d 6338 3561 6333 3661 3132 3061 4f6-c85ac36a120a\n+0001bbc0: 0a20 2020 2020 4d41 433a 2020 3532 3a35 . MAC: 52:5\n+0001bbd0: 343a 3030 3a65 633a 3333 3a38 310a 2020 4:00:ec:33:81. \n+0001bbe0: 2020 2049 5056 343a 2031 302e 302e 302e IPV4: 10.0.0.\n+0001bbf0: 3133 3020 2830 4130 3030 3038 3229 0a0a 130 (0A000082)..\n+0001bc00: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n+0001bc10: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d37 3732 .../grub.cfg-772\n+0001bc20: 3661 3637 382d 3766 6330 2d34 3835 332d 6a678-7fc0-4853-\n+0001bc30: 6134 6636 2d63 3835 6163 3336 6131 3230 a4f6-c85ac36a120\n+0001bc40: 610a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 a. ...(FWPAT\n+0001bc50: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d35 H).../grub.cfg-5\n+0001bc60: 322d 3534 2d30 302d 6563 2d33 332d 3831 2-54-00-ec-33-81\n+0001bc70: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 . ...(FWPATH\n+0001bc80: 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 ).../grub.cfg-0A\n+0001bc90: 3030 3030 3832 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 000082. ...(\n+0001bca0: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n+0001bcb0: 6366 672d 3041 3030 3030 380a 2020 2020 cfg-0A00008. \n+0001bcc0: 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f ...(FWPATH).../\n+0001bcd0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 300a grub.cfg-0A0000.\n+0001bce0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n+0001bcf0: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 .../grub.cfg-0A0\n+0001bd00: 3030 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 00. ...(FWPA\n+0001bd10: 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d TH).../grub.cfg-\n+0001bd20: 3041 3030 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 0A00. ...(FW\n+0001bd30: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n+0001bd40: 672d 3041 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 g-0A0. ...(F\n+0001bd50: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n+0001bd60: 6667 2d30 410a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 fg-0A. ...(F\n+0001bd70: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n+0001bd80: 6667 2d30 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 fg-0. ...(FW\n+0001bd90: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n+0001bda0: 670a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2066 6561 7475 g.. This featu\n+0001bdb0: 7265 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 6420 6279 re is enabled by\n+0001bdc0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2062 7574 2069 7420 default but it \n+0001bdd0: 6361 6e20 6265 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 can be disabled \n+0001bde0: 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 20e2 by setting.the .\n+0001bdf0: 8098 6665 6174 7572 655f 6e65 745f 7365 ..feature_net_se\n+0001be00: 6172 6368 5f63 6667 e280 9920 746f 20e2 arch_cfg... to .\n+0001be10: 8098 6ee2 8099 2e20 2053 696e 6365 2074 ..n.... Since t\n+0001be20: 6869 7320 6861 7070 656e 7320 6265 666f his happens befo\n+0001be30: 7265 2074 6865 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 re the.configura\n+0001be40: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6973 2072 6561 tion file is rea\n+0001be50: 6420 6279 2047 5255 422c 2074 6869 7320 d by GRUB, this \n+0001be60: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 2074 6f20 6265 option has to be\n+0001be70: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 696e 2061 6e0a disabled in an.\n+0001be80: 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 embedded configu\n+0001be90: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 282a 6e6f ration file (*no\n+0001bea0: 7465 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 te Embedded conf\n+0001beb0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 iguration::)... \n+0001bec0: 2020 4166 7465 7220 4752 5542 2068 6173 After GRUB has\n+0001bed0: 2073 7461 7274 6564 2c20 6669 6c65 7320 started, files \n+0001bee0: 6f6e 2074 6865 2054 4654 5020 7365 7276 on the TFTP serv\n+0001bef0: 6572 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6363 6573 er will be acces\n+0001bf00: 7369 626c 650a 7669 6120 7468 6520 e280 sible.via the ..\n+0001bf10: 9828 7466 7470 29e2 8099 2064 6576 6963 .(tftp)... devic\n+0001bf20: 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2073 6572 7665 e... The serve\n+0001bf30: 7220 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 2063 616e r IP address can\n+0001bf40: 2062 6520 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 be controlled b\n+0001bf50: 7920 6368 616e 6769 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 y changing the .\n+0001bf60: 8098 2874 6674 7029 e280 990a 6465 7669 ..(tftp)....devi\n+0001bf70: 6365 206e 616d 6520 746f 20e2 8098 2874 ce name to ...(t\n+0001bf80: 6674 702c 5345 5256 4552 2d49 5029 e280 ftp,SERVER-IP)..\n+0001bf90: 992e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 .. Note that th\n+0001bfa0: 6973 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2063 6861 is should be cha\n+0001bfb0: 6e67 6564 0a62 6f74 6820 696e 2074 6865 nged.both in the\n+0001bfc0: 2070 7265 6669 7820 616e 6420 696e 2061 prefix and in a\n+0001bfd0: 6e79 2072 6566 6572 656e 6365 7320 746f ny references to\n+0001bfe0: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 the device name\n+0001bff0: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 in the.configur\n+0001c000: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 ation file... \n+0001c010: 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 7365 GRUB provides se\n+0001c020: 7665 7261 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e veral environmen\n+0001c030: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7768 6963 t variables whic\n+0001c040: 6820 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f h may be used to\n+0001c050: 0a69 6e73 7065 6374 206f 7220 6368 616e .inspect or chan\n+0001c060: 6765 2074 6865 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 ge the behaviour\n+0001c070: 206f 6620 7468 6520 5058 4520 6465 7669 of the PXE devi\n+0001c080: 6365 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c ce. In the foll\n+0001c090: 6f77 696e 670a 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f owing.descriptio\n+0001c0a0: 6e20 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e20 6973 n is\n+0001c0b0: 2070 6c61 6365 686f 6c64 6572 2066 6f72 placeholder for\n+0001c0c0: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 206e 6574 the name of net\n+0001c0d0: 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a28 work interface.(\n+0001c0e0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2064 6570 656e 6465 platform depende\n+0001c0f0: 6e74 293a 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e nt):.....net__ip.... \n+0001c110: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 The network \n+0001c120: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 7320 4950 2061 interface's IP a\n+0001c130: 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e ddress. Read-on\n+0001c140: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ly......net__mac.... \n+0001c160: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 The network \n+0001c170: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 7320 4d41 4320 interface's MAC \n+0001c180: 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 5265 6164 2d6f address. Read-o\n+0001c190: 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e nly......net__clienti\n+0001c1b0: 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636c d.... The cl\n+0001c1c0: 6965 6e74 2069 6420 7072 6f76 6964 6564 ient id provided\n+0001c1d0: 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f by DHCP. Read-o\n+0001c1e0: 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e nly......net__clientu\n+0001c200: 7569 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 uid.... The \n+0001c210: 636c 6965 6e74 2075 7569 6420 7072 6f76 client uuid prov\n+0001c220: 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 ided by DHCP. Re\n+0001c230: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 ad-only......net\n+0001c240: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 __hos\n+0001c250: 746e 616d 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 tname.... Th\n+0001c260: 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2068 6f73 7420 6e61 e client host na\n+0001c270: 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 me provided by D\n+0001c280: 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a HCP. Read-only..\n+0001c290: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ....net__domain.... \n+0001c2b0: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 646f The client do\n+0001c2c0: 6d61 696e 206e 616d 6520 7072 6f76 6964 main name provid\n+0001c2d0: 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 ed by DHCP. Read\n+0001c2e0: 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c -only......net_<\n+0001c2f0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f 7470 INTERFACE>_rootp\n+0001c300: 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ath.... The \n+0001c310: 7061 7468 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636c 6965 path to the clie\n+0001c320: 6e74 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6469 736b 2070 nt's root disk p\n+0001c330: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e rovided by DHCP.\n+0001c340: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 Read-only......\n+0001c350: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+0001c360: 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 e280 extensionspath..\n+0001c370: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 6174 6820 .. The path \n+0001c380: 746f 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 4448 to additional DH\n+0001c390: 4350 2076 656e 646f 7220 6578 7465 6e73 CP vendor extens\n+0001c3a0: 696f 6e73 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 ions provided by\n+0001c3b0: 2044 4843 502e 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 DHCP.. Read\n+0001c3c0: 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c -only......net_<\n+0001c3d0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f 745f INTERFACE>_boot_\n+0001c3e0: 6669 6c65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 file.... The\n+0001c3f0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 boot file name \n+0001c400: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 provided by DHCP\n+0001c410: 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 . Read-only.....\n+0001c420: 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e .net_\n+0001c430: 5f64 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d _dhcp_server_nam\n+0001c440: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6e61 e.... The na\n+0001c450: 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 4448 4350 2073 me of the DHCP s\n+0001c460: 6572 7665 7220 7265 7370 6f6e 7369 626c erver responsibl\n+0001c470: 6520 666f 7220 7468 6573 6520 626f 6f74 e for these boot\n+0001c480: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 732e 0a20 2020 parameters.. \n+0001c490: 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 Read-only.....\n+0001c4a0: 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e .net_\n+0001c4b0: 5f6e 6578 745f 7365 7276 6572 e280 990a _next_server....\n+0001c4c0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2049 5020 6164 6472 The IP addr\n+0001c4d0: 6573 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 ess of the next \n+0001c4e0: 2875 7375 616c 6c79 2c20 5446 5450 2920 (usually, TFTP) \n+0001c4f0: 7365 7276 6572 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 server provided \n+0001c500: 6279 2044 4843 502e 0a20 2020 2020 5265 by DHCP.. Re\n+0001c510: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 ad-only......net\n+0001c520: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 _default_interfa\n+0001c530: 6365 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e69 7469 ce.... Initi\n+0001c540: 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6e61 6d65 ally set to name\n+0001c550: 206f 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 of network inte\n+0001c560: 7266 6163 6520 7468 6174 2077 6173 2075 rface that was u\n+0001c570: 7365 6420 746f 206c 6f61 640a 2020 2020 sed to load. \n+0001c580: 2067 7275 622e 2020 5265 6164 2d77 7269 grub. Read-wri\n+0001c590: 7465 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2073 6574 te, although set\n+0001c5a0: 7469 6e67 2069 7420 6166 6665 6374 7320 ting it affects \n+0001c5b0: 6f6e 6c79 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6174 only interpretat\n+0001c5c0: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 e280 986e ion. of ...n\n+0001c5d0: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 70e2 8099 et_default_ip...\n+0001c5e0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 and ...net_defa\n+0001c5f0: 756c 745f 6d61 63e2 8099 0a0a e280 986e ult_mac........n\n+0001c600: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 70e2 8099 et_default_ip...\n+0001c610: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 4950 2061 6464 . The IP add\n+0001c620: 7265 7373 206f 6620 6465 6661 756c 7420 ress of default \n+0001c630: 696e 7465 7266 6163 652e 2020 5265 6164 interface. Read\n+0001c640: 2d6f 6e6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 -only. This is \n+0001c650: 616c 6961 7320 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 alias for. t\n+0001c660: 6865 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 247b 6e65 745f he ...net_${net_\n+0001c670: 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 default_interfac\n+0001c680: 657d 5f69 70e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 e}_ip.........ne\n+0001c690: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 63e2 8099 t_default_mac...\n+0001c6a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c . The defaul\n+0001c6b0: 7420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 7320 4d41 t interface's MA\n+0001c6c0: 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 5265 6164 C address. Read\n+0001c6d0: 2d6f 6e6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 -only. This is \n+0001c6e0: 616c 6961 7320 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 alias for. t\n+0001c6f0: 6865 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 247b 6e65 745f he ...net_${net_\n+0001c700: 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 default_interfac\n+0001c710: 657d 5f6d 6163 e280 992e 0a0a e280 986e e}_mac.........n\n+0001c720: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 et_default_serve\n+0001c730: 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 r.... The de\n+0001c740: 6661 756c 7420 7365 7276 6572 2075 7365 fault server use\n+0001c750: 6420 6279 206e 6574 776f 726b 2064 7269 d by network dri\n+0001c760: 7665 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 ves (*note Devic\n+0001c770: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 0a20 2020 e syntax::).. \n+0001c780: 2020 5265 6164 2d77 7269 7465 2c20 616c Read-write, al\n+0001c790: 7468 6f75 6768 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 though setting t\n+0001c7a0: 6869 7320 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 his is only usef\n+0001c7b0: 756c 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6f70 656e 696e ul before openin\n+0001c7c0: 6720 610a 2020 2020 206e 6574 776f 726b g a. network\n+0001c7d0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 device.....File\n+0001c7e0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0001c7f0: 6465 3a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 de: Serial termi\n+0001c800: 6e61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5665 6e64 nal, Next: Vend\n+0001c810: 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 or power-on keys\n+0001c820: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204e 6574 776f 726b , Prev: Network\n+0001c830: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3920 5573 , Up: Top..9 Us\n+0001c840: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2076 6961 2061 2073 ing GRUB via a s\n+0001c850: 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a erial line.*****\n+0001c860: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0001c870: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6869 7320 *********..This \n+0001c880: 6368 6170 7465 7220 6465 7363 7269 6265 chapter describe\n+0001c890: 7320 686f 7720 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 s how to use the\n+0001c8a0: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c serial terminal\n+0001c8b0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 6e20 4752 5542 support in GRUB\n+0001c8c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 ... If you hav\n+0001c8d0: 6520 6d61 6e79 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 e many computers\n+0001c8e0: 206f 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 7769 or computers wi\n+0001c8f0: 7468 206e 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 792f 6b65 th no display/ke\n+0001c900: 7962 6f61 7264 2c20 6974 0a63 6f75 6c64 yboard, it.could\n+0001c910: 2062 6520 7665 7279 2075 7365 6675 6c20 be very useful \n+0001c920: 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2074 6865 2063 to control the c\n+0001c930: 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2074 6872 6f75 6768 omputers through\n+0001c940: 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 serial.communic\n+0001c950: 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 6f20 636f 6e6e ations. To conn\n+0001c960: 6563 7420 6f6e 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 ect one computer\n+0001c970: 2077 6974 6820 616e 6f74 6865 7220 7669 with another vi\n+0001c980: 6120 6120 7365 7269 616c 206c 696e 652c a a serial line,\n+0001c990: 0a79 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2070 7265 .you need to pre\n+0001c9a0: 7061 7265 2061 206e 756c 6c2d 6d6f 6465 pare a null-mode\n+0001c9b0: 6d20 2863 726f 7373 2920 7365 7269 616c m (cross) serial\n+0001c9c0: 2063 6162 6c65 2c20 616e 6420 796f 7520 cable, and you \n+0001c9d0: 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 0a74 6f20 6861 7665 may need.to have\n+0001c9e0: 206d 756c 7469 706f 7274 2073 6572 6961 multiport seria\n+0001c9f0: 6c20 626f 6172 6473 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 l boards, if you\n+0001ca00: 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2064 6f65 736e r computer doesn\n+0001ca10: 2774 2068 6176 6520 6578 7472 610a 7365 't have extra.se\n+0001ca20: 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7473 2e20 2049 6e20 rial ports. In \n+0001ca30: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6120 7465 726d addition, a term\n+0001ca40: 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 6973 inal emulator is\n+0001ca50: 2061 6c73 6f20 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 also required, \n+0001ca60: 7375 6368 0a61 7320 6d69 6e69 636f 6d2e such.as minicom.\n+0001ca70: 2020 5265 6665 7220 746f 2061 206d 616e Refer to a man\n+0001ca80: 7561 6c20 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 ual of your oper\n+0001ca90: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 666f ating system, fo\n+0001caa0: 7220 6d6f 7265 0a69 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 r more.informati\n+0001cab0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4173 2066 6f72 2047 on... As for G\n+0001cac0: 5255 422c 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7472 7563 RUB, the instruc\n+0001cad0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7570 2061 tion to set up a\n+0001cae0: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c serial terminal\n+0001caf0: 2069 7320 7175 6974 650a 7369 6d70 6c65 is quite.simple\n+0001cb00: 2e20 2048 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6578 . Here is an ex\n+0001cb10: 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 ample:.. gru\n+0001cb20: 623e 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 756e 6974 b> serial --unit\n+0001cb30: 3d30 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d39 3630 300a =0 --speed=9600.\n+0001cb40: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2074 6572 6d69 grub> termi\n+0001cb50: 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 7365 7269 616c nal_input serial\n+0001cb60: 3b20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 ; terminal_outpu\n+0001cb70: 7420 7365 7269 616c 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 t serial.. The\n+0001cb80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 7269 command ...seri\n+0001cb90: 616c e280 9920 696e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 al... initialize\n+0001cba0: 7320 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c 2075 6e69 s the serial uni\n+0001cbb0: 7420 3020 7769 7468 2074 6865 2073 7065 t 0 with the spe\n+0001cbc0: 6564 0a39 3630 3062 7073 2e20 2054 6865 ed.9600bps. The\n+0001cbd0: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 756e 6974 2030 2069 serial unit 0 i\n+0001cbe0: 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6361 6c6c 6564 s usually called\n+0001cbf0: 20e2 8098 434f 4d31 e280 992c 2073 6f2c ...COM1..., so,\n+0001cc00: 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f0a if you want to.\n+0001cc10: 7573 6520 434f 4d32 2c20 796f 7520 6d75 use COM2, you mu\n+0001cc20: 7374 2073 7065 6369 6679 20e2 8098 2d2d st specify ...--\n+0001cc30: 756e 6974 3d31 e280 9920 696e 7374 6561 unit=1... instea\n+0001cc40: 642e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 d. This command\n+0001cc50: 2061 6363 6570 7473 0a6d 616e 7920 6f74 accepts.many ot\n+0001cc60: 6865 7220 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 202a 6e6f her options, *no\n+0001cc70: 7465 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 3a20 666f 7220 te serial:: for \n+0001cc80: 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a20 more details... \n+0001cc90: 2020 5769 7468 6f75 7420 6172 6775 6d65 Without argume\n+0001cca0: 6e74 206f 7220 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d nt or with ...--\n+0001ccb0: 706f 7274 3d61 7574 6fe2 8099 2c20 4752 port=auto..., GR\n+0001ccc0: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6174 7465 6d70 7420 UB will attempt \n+0001ccd0: 746f 2075 7365 2041 4350 490a 7768 656e to use ACPI.when\n+0001cce0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6175 available to au\n+0001ccf0: 746f 2d64 6574 6563 7420 7468 6520 6465 to-detect the de\n+0001cd00: 6661 756c 7420 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 fault serial por\n+0001cd10: 7420 616e 6420 6974 730a 636f 6e66 6967 t and its.config\n+0001cd20: 7572 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 uration... The\n+0001cd30: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 e280 9874 6572 commands ...ter\n+0001cd40: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 74e2 8099 2028 minal_input... (\n+0001cd50: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 *note terminal_i\n+0001cd60: 6e70 7574 3a3a 2920 616e 640a e280 9874 nput::) and....t\n+0001cd70: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 e280 erminal_output..\n+0001cd80: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 . (*note termina\n+0001cd90: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 2920 6368 6f6f l_output::) choo\n+0001cda0: 7365 2077 6869 6368 2074 7970 6520 6f66 se which type of\n+0001cdb0: 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 796f 7520 7761 .terminal you wa\n+0001cdc0: 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 652e 2020 496e 2074 nt to use. In t\n+0001cdd0: 6865 2063 6173 6520 6162 6f76 652c 2074 he case above, t\n+0001cde0: 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6c6c he terminal will\n+0001cdf0: 2062 6520 610a 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 be a.serial ter\n+0001ce00: 6d69 6e61 6c2c 2062 7574 2079 6f75 2063 minal, but you c\n+0001ce10: 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 7061 7373 20e2 8098 an also pass ...\n+0001ce20: 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 7468 console... to th\n+0001ce30: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2061 730a e280 e command, as...\n+0001ce40: 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 .terminal_input \n+0001ce50: 7365 7269 616c 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 serial console..\n+0001ce60: 992e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 .. In this case\n+0001ce70: 2c20 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c 2069 6e20 , a terminal in \n+0001ce80: 7768 6963 6820 796f 750a 7072 6573 7320 which you.press \n+0001ce90: 616e 7920 6b65 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 any key will be \n+0001cea0: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2061 7320 6120 4752 selected as a GR\n+0001ceb0: 5542 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 496e UB terminal. In\n+0001cec0: 2074 6865 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 0a61 626f the example.abo\n+0001ced0: 7665 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 796f ve, note that yo\n+0001cee0: 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7075 7420 626f u need to put bo\n+0001cef0: 7468 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 th commands on t\n+0001cf00: 6865 2073 616d 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 he same command \n+0001cf10: 6c69 6e65 2c0a 6173 2079 6f75 2077 696c line,.as you wil\n+0001cf20: 6c20 6c6f 7365 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 l lose the abili\n+0001cf30: 7479 2074 6f20 7479 7065 2063 6f6d 6d61 ty to type comma\n+0001cf40: 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f nds on the conso\n+0001cf50: 6c65 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 0a66 6972 le after the.fir\n+0001cf60: 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 st command... \n+0001cf70: 486f 7765 7665 722c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 However, note th\n+0001cf80: 6174 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 7320 at GRUB assumes \n+0001cf90: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e that your termin\n+0001cfa0: 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 6973 0a63 al emulator is.c\n+0001cfb0: 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 6520 7769 7468 2056 ompatible with V\n+0001cfc0: 5431 3030 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e T100 by default.\n+0001cfd0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7472 7565 2066 This is true f\n+0001cfe0: 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c or most terminal\n+0001cff0: 0a65 6d75 6c61 746f 7273 206e 6f77 6164 .emulators nowad\n+0001d000: 6179 732c 2062 7574 2079 6f75 2073 686f ays, but you sho\n+0001d010: 756c 6420 7061 7373 2074 6865 206f 7074 uld pass the opt\n+0001d020: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d64 756d 62e2 8099 ion ...--dumb...\n+0001d030: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 to the.command \n+0001d040: 6966 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c if your terminal\n+0001d050: 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 6973 206e 6f74 emulator is not\n+0001d060: 2056 5431 3030 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c VT100-compatibl\n+0001d070: 6520 6f72 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a e or implements.\n+0001d080: 6665 7720 5654 3130 3020 6573 6361 7065 few VT100 escape\n+0001d090: 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2e20 2049 6620 sequences. If \n+0001d0a0: 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 6973 you specify this\n+0001d0b0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7468 656e 2047 5255 option then GRU\n+0001d0c0: 420a 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2079 6f75 2077 B.provides you w\n+0001d0d0: 6974 6820 616e 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 ith an alternati\n+0001d0e0: 7665 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 ve menu interfac\n+0001d0f0: 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 206e e, because the n\n+0001d100: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d65 6e75 0a72 6571 7569 ormal menu.requi\n+0001d110: 7265 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 6661 6e63 res several fanc\n+0001d120: 7920 6665 6174 7572 6573 206f 6620 796f y features of yo\n+0001d130: 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a ur terminal.....\n+0001d140: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0001d150: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 Node: Vendor p\n+0001d160: 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 204e ower-on keys, N\n+0001d170: 6578 743a 2049 6d61 6765 732c 2020 5072 ext: Images, Pr\n+0001d180: 6576 3a20 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 ev: Serial termi\n+0001d190: 6e61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 nal, Up: Top..1\n+0001d1a0: 3020 5573 696e 6720 4752 5542 2077 6974 0 Using GRUB wit\n+0001d1b0: 6820 7665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f h vendor power-o\n+0001d1c0: 6e20 6b65 7973 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a n keys.*********\n 0001d1d0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001d1e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001d1f0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 536f 6d65 206c 6170 746f ****..Some lapto\n-0001d200: 7020 7665 6e64 6f72 7320 7072 6f76 6964 p vendors provid\n-0001d210: 6520 616e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 e an additional \n-0001d220: 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 2062 7574 746f 6e20 power-on button \n-0001d230: 7768 6963 6820 626f 6f74 730a 616e 6f74 which boots.anot\n-0001d240: 6865 7220 4f53 2e20 4752 5542 2073 7570 her OS. GRUB sup\n-0001d250: 706f 7274 7320 7375 6368 2062 7574 746f ports such butto\n-0001d260: 6e73 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 9847 ns with the ...G\n-0001d270: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 5454 RUB_TIMEOUT_BUTT\n-0001d280: 4f4e e280 992c 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 ON...,....GRUB_T\n-0001d290: 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 IMEOUT_STYLE_BUT\n-0001d2a0: 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 e280 9847 5255 425f TON..., ...GRUB_\n-0001d2b0: 4445 4641 554c 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 DEFAULT_BUTTON..\n-0001d2c0: 992c 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 ., and....GRUB_B\n-0001d2d0: 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 UTTON_CMOS_ADDRE\n-0001d2e0: 5353 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 SS... variables \n-0001d2f0: 696e 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 6220 in default/grub \n-0001d300: 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f (*note Simple.co\n-0001d310: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e20 nfiguration::). \n-0001d320: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n-0001d330: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 e280 9847 _BUTTON..., ...G\n-0001d340: 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c RUB_TIMEOUT_STYL\n-0001d350: 455f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 0a61 6e64 E_BUTTON...,.and\n-0001d360: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 ...GRUB_DEFAULT\n-0001d370: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2061 7265 2075 _BUTTON... are u\n-0001d380: 7365 6420 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2074 sed instead of t\n-0001d390: 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 he corresponding\n-0001d3a0: 0a76 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f .variables witho\n-0001d3b0: 7574 2074 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f ut the ..._BUTTO\n-0001d3c0: 4ee2 8099 2073 7566 6669 7820 7768 656e N... suffix when\n-0001d3d0: 2070 6f77 6572 6564 206f 6e20 7573 696e powered on usin\n-0001d3e0: 6720 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c0a 6275 g the special.bu\n-0001d3f0: 7474 6f6e 2e20 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 tton. ...GRUB_B\n-0001d400: 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 UTTON_CMOS_ADDRE\n-0001d410: 5353 e280 9920 6973 2076 656e 646f 722d SS... is vendor-\n-0001d420: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2061 6e64 2070 6172 specific and par\n-0001d430: 7469 616c 6c79 0a6d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 tially.model-spe\n-0001d440: 6369 6669 632e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 206b cific. Values k\n-0001d450: 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4752 5542 nown to the GRUB\n-0001d460: 2074 6561 6d20 6172 653a 0a0a 3c44 656c team are:... \n-0001d480: 2020 2031 3231 3a33 0a3c 4465 6c6c 2058 121:3.. 8\n-0001d4a0: 353a 330a 3c44 656c 6c20 4c61 7469 7475 5:3.. 8\n-0001d4c0: 353a 330a 3c41 7375 7320 4565 6550 4320 5:3.. 84:\n-0001d4e0: 3120 2875 6e63 6f6e 6669 726d 6564 290a 1 (unconfirmed).\n-0001d4f0: 3c4c 454e 4f56 4f20 5468 696e 6b50 6164 . 101:3.. \n-0001d520: 2054 6f20 7461 6b65 2066 756c 6c20 6164 To take full ad\n-0001d530: 7661 6e74 6167 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 vantage of this \n-0001d540: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e 7374 616c function, instal\n-0001d550: 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 l GRUB into the \n-0001d560: 4d42 520a 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e73 7461 MBR.(*note Insta\n-0001d570: 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 lling GRUB using\n-0001d580: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 grub-install::)\n-0001d590: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 ... If you hav\n-0001d5a0: 6520 6120 6c61 7074 6f70 2077 6869 6368 e a laptop which\n-0001d5b0: 2068 6173 2061 2073 696d 696c 6172 2066 has a similar f\n-0001d5c0: 6561 7475 7265 2061 6e64 206e 6f74 2069 eature and not i\n-0001d5d0: 6e20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 650a 6c69 7374 n the above.list\n-0001d5e0: 2063 6f75 6c64 2079 6f75 2066 6967 7572 could you figur\n-0001d5f0: 6520 796f 7572 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 e your address a\n-0001d600: 6e64 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 653f 2020 nd contribute? \n-0001d610: 546f 2064 6973 636f 7665 7220 7468 650a To discover the.\n-0001d620: 6164 6472 6573 7320 646f 2074 6865 2066 address do the f\n-0001d630: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ollowing:. ...\n-0001d640: 2062 6f6f 7420 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 0a20 boot normally. \n-0001d650: 2020 e280 a220 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 ... sudo \n-0001d660: 6d6f 6470 726f 6265 206e 7672 616d 0a20 modprobe nvram. \n-0001d670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6361 sudo ca\n-0001d680: 7420 2f64 6576 2f6e 7672 616d 207c 2078 t /dev/nvram | x\n-0001d690: 7864 203e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6275 7474 xd > normal_butt\n-0001d6a0: 6f6e 2e74 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626f on.txt. ... bo\n-0001d6b0: 6f74 2075 7369 6e67 2076 656e 646f 7220 ot using vendor \n-0001d6c0: 6275 7474 6f6e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 2020 button. ... \n-0001d6d0: 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6d6f 6470 726f 6265 sudo modprobe\n-0001d6e0: 206e 7672 616d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nvram. \n-0001d6f0: 2073 7564 6f20 6361 7420 2f64 6576 2f6e sudo cat /dev/n\n-0001d700: 7672 616d 207c 2078 7864 203e 206e 6f72 vram | xxd > nor\n-0001d710: 6d61 6c5f 7665 6e64 6f72 2e74 7874 0a0a mal_vendor.txt..\n-0001d720: 2020 2054 6865 6e20 636f 6d70 6172 6520 Then compare \n-0001d730: 7468 6573 6520 7465 7874 2066 696c 6573 these text files\n-0001d740: 2061 6e64 2066 696e 6420 7768 6572 6520 and find where \n-0001d750: 6120 6269 7420 7761 7320 746f 6767 6c65 a bit was toggle\n-0001d760: 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a69 6e20 6361 7365 d. E.g..in case\n-0001d770: 206f 6620 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 2069 7420 of Dell XPS it \n-0001d780: 7761 733a 0a20 2020 2020 6279 7465 2030 was:. byte 0\n-0001d790: 7834 373a 2032 3020 2d2d 3e20 3238 0a20 x47: 20 --> 28. \n-0001d7a0: 2020 4974 2773 2061 2062 6974 206e 756d It's a bit num\n-0001d7b0: 6265 7220 3320 6173 2073 6565 6e20 6672 ber 3 as seen fr\n-0001d7c0: 6f6d 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 om following tab\n-0001d7d0: 6c65 3a0a 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le:.0 \n-0001d7e0: 2020 2030 310a 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 01.1 \n-0001d7f0: 2020 2020 2030 320a 3220 2020 2020 2020 02.2 \n-0001d800: 2020 2020 2020 2030 340a 3320 2020 2020 04.3 \n-0001d810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 380a 3420 2020 08.4 \n-0001d820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 300a 3520 10.5 \n-0001d830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2032 300a 20.\n-0001d840: 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2034 6 4\n-0001d850: 300a 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 0.7 \n-0001d860: 2038 300a 0a20 2020 3078 3437 2069 7320 80.. 0x47 is \n-0001d870: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 3731 2e20 204c 696e decimal 71. Lin\n-0001d880: 7578 206e 7672 616d 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 ux nvram impleme\n-0001d890: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6375 7473 2066 6972 ntation cuts fir\n-0001d8a0: 7374 2031 3420 6279 7465 730a 6f66 2043 st 14 bytes.of C\n-0001d8b0: 4d4f 532e 2053 6f20 7468 6520 7265 616c MOS. So the real\n-0001d8c0: 2062 7974 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 696e byte address in\n-0001d8d0: 2043 4d4f 5320 6973 2037 312b 3134 3d38 CMOS is 71+14=8\n-0001d8e0: 3520 536f 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 650a 6164 5 So complete.ad\n-0001d8f0: 6472 6573 7320 6973 2038 353a 330a 0a1f dress is 85:3...\n-0001d900: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0001d910: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6d61 6765 732c , Node: Images,\n-0001d920: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 Next: Core ima\n-0001d930: 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 ge size limitati\n-0001d940: 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2056 656e 646f on, Prev: Vendo\n-0001d950: 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c r power-on keys,\n-0001d960: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3120 4752 Up: Top..11 GR\n-0001d970: 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6573 0a2a UB image files.*\n-0001d980: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001d990: 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 **..GRUB consist\n-0001d9a0: 7320 6f66 2073 6576 6572 616c 2069 6d61 s of several ima\n-0001d9b0: 6765 733a 2061 2076 6172 6965 7479 206f ges: a variety o\n-0001d9c0: 6620 626f 6f74 7374 7261 7020 696d 6167 f bootstrap imag\n-0001d9d0: 6573 2066 6f72 0a73 7461 7274 696e 6720 es for.starting \n-0001d9e0: 4752 5542 2069 6e20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 GRUB in various \n-0001d9f0: 7761 7973 2c20 6120 6b65 726e 656c 2069 ways, a kernel i\n-0001da00: 6d61 6765 2c20 616e 6420 6120 7365 7420 mage, and a set \n-0001da10: 6f66 206d 6f64 756c 6573 0a77 6869 6368 of modules.which\n-0001da20: 2061 7265 2063 6f6d 6269 6e65 6420 7769 are combined wi\n-0001da30: 7468 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d th the kernel im\n-0001da40: 6167 6520 746f 2066 6f72 6d20 6120 636f age to form a co\n-0001da50: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2048 6572 6520 re image. Here \n-0001da60: 6973 0a61 2073 686f 7274 206f 7665 7276 is.a short overv\n-0001da70: 6965 7720 6f66 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a e280 iew of them.....\n-0001da80: 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 .boot.img.... \n-0001da90: 2020 4f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 On PC BIOS sys\n-0001daa0: 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 tems, this image\n-0001dab0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 is the first pa\n-0001dac0: 7274 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7374 rt of GRUB to st\n-0001dad0: 6172 742e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 art.. It is \n-0001dae0: 7772 6974 7465 6e20 746f 2061 206d 6173 written to a mas\n-0001daf0: 7465 7220 626f 6f74 2072 6563 6f72 6420 ter boot record \n-0001db00: 284d 4252 2920 6f72 2074 6f20 7468 6520 (MBR) or to the \n-0001db10: 626f 6f74 2073 6563 746f 720a 2020 2020 boot sector. \n-0001db20: 206f 6620 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e of a partition.\n-0001db30: 2020 4265 6361 7573 6520 6120 5043 2062 Because a PC b\n-0001db40: 6f6f 7420 7365 6374 6f72 2069 7320 3531 oot sector is 51\n-0001db50: 3220 6279 7465 732c 2074 6865 2073 697a 2 bytes, the siz\n-0001db60: 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6973 2069 e of. this i\n-0001db70: 6d61 6765 2069 7320 6578 6163 746c 7920 mage is exactly \n-0001db80: 3531 3220 6279 7465 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 512 bytes... \n-0001db90: 2054 6865 2073 6f6c 6520 6675 6e63 7469 The sole functi\n-0001dba0: 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d on of ...boot.im\n-0001dbb0: 67e2 8099 2069 7320 746f 2072 6561 6420 g... is to read \n-0001dbc0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 the first sector\n-0001dbd0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 of the. cor\n-0001dbe0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 206c e image from a l\n-0001dbf0: 6f63 616c 2064 6973 6b20 616e 6420 6a75 ocal disk and ju\n-0001dc00: 6d70 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 2042 6563 6175 mp to it. Becau\n-0001dc10: 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 7369 7a65 0a20 se of the size. \n-0001dc20: 2020 2020 7265 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e2c restriction,\n-0001dc30: 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ...boot.img... \n-0001dc40: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e cannot understan\n-0001dc50: 6420 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 d any file syste\n-0001dc60: 6d0a 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 m. structure\n-0001dc70: 2c20 736f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 , so ...grub-ins\n-0001dc80: 7461 6c6c e280 9920 6861 7264 636f 6465 tall... hardcode\n-0001dc90: 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f s the location o\n-0001dca0: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 f the first. \n-0001dcb0: 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 sector of the c\n-0001dcc0: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 696e 746f 20e2 ore image into .\n-0001dcd0: 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7768 ..boot.img... wh\n-0001dce0: 656e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 en installing GR\n-0001dcf0: 5542 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6469 736b 626f 6f74 UB......diskboot\n-0001dd00: 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 .img.... Thi\n-0001dd10: 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 s image is used \n-0001dd20: 6173 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 as the first sec\n-0001dd30: 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 tor of the core \n-0001dd40: 696d 6167 6520 7768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 image when. \n-0001dd50: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 2068 booting from a h\n-0001dd60: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 7420 7265 ard disk. It re\n-0001dd70: 6164 7320 7468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 ads the rest of \n-0001dd80: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 the core image i\n-0001dd90: 6e74 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 nto. memory \n-0001dda0: 616e 6420 7374 6172 7473 2074 6865 206b and starts the k\n-0001ddb0: 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 6669 ernel. Since fi\n-0001ddc0: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6861 6e64 6c69 le system handli\n-0001ddd0: 6e67 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2079 ng is not. y\n-0001dde0: 6574 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2c20 6974 et available, it\n-0001ddf0: 2065 6e63 6f64 6573 2074 6865 206c 6f63 encodes the loc\n-0001de00: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 ation of the cor\n-0001de10: 6520 696d 6167 6520 7573 696e 6720 610a e image using a.\n-0001de20: 2020 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 block list \n-0001de30: 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6364 626f format......cdbo\n-0001de40: 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ot.img.... T\n-0001de50: 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 his image is use\n-0001de60: 6420 6173 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 d as the first s\n-0001de70: 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 ector of the cor\n-0001de80: 6520 696d 6167 6520 7768 656e 0a20 2020 e image when. \n-0001de90: 2020 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 booting from a\n-0001dea0: 2043 442d 524f 4d20 6472 6976 652e 2020 CD-ROM drive. \n-0001deb0: 4974 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 7369 It performs a si\n-0001dec0: 6d69 6c61 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2074 milar function t\n-0001ded0: 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6469 736b 626f o. ...diskbo\n-0001dee0: 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9870 ot.img.........p\n-0001def0: 7865 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 xeboot.img.... \n-0001df00: 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 This image is\n-0001df10: 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 2073 7461 used as the sta\n-0001df20: 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 rt of the core i\n-0001df30: 6d61 6765 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e mage when bootin\n-0001df40: 6720 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 g from. the \n-0001df50: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 7573 696e 6720 5058 network using PX\n-0001df60: 452e 202a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b E. *Note Network\n-0001df70: 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6c6e 7862 6f6f 742e ::......lnxboot.\n-0001df80: 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 img.... This\n-0001df90: 2069 6d61 6765 206d 6179 2062 6520 706c image may be pl\n-0001dfa0: 6163 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 7374 6172 aced at the star\n-0001dfb0: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d t of the core im\n-0001dfc0: 6167 6520 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f0a age in order to.\n-0001dfd0: 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 4752 5542 206c make GRUB l\n-0001dfe0: 6f6f 6b20 656e 6f75 6768 206c 696b 6520 ook enough like \n-0001dff0: 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2074 a Linux kernel t\n-0001e000: 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 626f hat it can be bo\n-0001e010: 6f74 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 204c 494c oted by. LIL\n-0001e020: 4f20 7573 696e 6720 616e 20e2 8098 696d O using an ...im\n-0001e030: 6167 653d e280 9920 7365 6374 696f 6e2e age=... section.\n-0001e040: 0a0a e280 986b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 67e2 .....kernel.img.\n-0001e050: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 ... This ima\n-0001e060: 6765 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 4752 5542 ge contains GRUB\n-0001e070: 2773 2062 6173 6963 2072 756e 2d74 696d 's basic run-tim\n-0001e080: 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 3a20 6672 e facilities: fr\n-0001e090: 616d 6577 6f72 6b73 0a20 2020 2020 666f ameworks. fo\n-0001e0a0: 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 6e64 2066 696c r device and fil\n-0001e0b0: 6520 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2c20 656e 7669 e handling, envi\n-0001e0c0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-0001e0d0: 732c 2074 6865 2072 6573 6375 650a 2020 s, the rescue. \n-0001e0e0: 2020 206d 6f64 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d mode command-\n-0001e0f0: 6c69 6e65 2070 6172 7365 722c 2061 6e64 line parser, and\n-0001e100: 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2072 so on. It is r\n-0001e110: 6172 656c 7920 7573 6564 2064 6972 6563 arely used direc\n-0001e120: 746c 792c 0a20 2020 2020 6275 7420 6973 tly,. but is\n-0001e130: 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 616c 6c20 built into all \n-0001e140: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 732e 0a0a e280 core images.....\n-0001e150: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 .core.img.... \n-0001e160: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 636f This is the co\n-0001e170: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 206f 6620 4752 5542 re image of GRUB\n-0001e180: 2e20 4974 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 6479 . It is built dy\n-0001e190: 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 namically from t\n-0001e1a0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 he. kernel i\n-0001e1b0: 6d61 6765 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 6172 6269 mage and an arbi\n-0001e1c0: 7472 6172 7920 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6d6f trary list of mo\n-0001e1d0: 6475 6c65 7320 6279 2074 6865 20e2 8098 dules by the ...\n-0001e1e0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 990a grub-mkimage....\n-0001e1f0: 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 616d 2e20 2055 program. U\n-0001e200: 7375 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 2063 6f6e 7461 sually, it conta\n-0001e210: 696e 7320 656e 6f75 6768 206d 6f64 756c ins enough modul\n-0001e220: 6573 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 es to access. \n-0001e230: 2020 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 .../boot/grub.\n-0001e240: 8099 2c20 616e 6420 6c6f 6164 7320 6576 .., and loads ev\n-0001e250: 6572 7974 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 2869 erything else (i\n-0001e260: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 206d 656e 7520 6861 ncluding menu ha\n-0001e270: 6e64 6c69 6e67 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 ndling,. the\n-0001e280: 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 ability to load\n-0001e290: 2074 6172 6765 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e target operatin\n-0001e2a0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2073 g systems, and s\n-0001e2b0: 6f20 6f6e 2920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 o on) from the. \n-0001e2c0: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 file system \n-0001e2d0: 6174 2072 756e 2d74 696d 652e 2020 5468 at run-time. 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Ev\n-0001e3f0: 6572 7974 6869 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 696e erything else in\n-0001e400: 2047 5255 4220 7265 7369 6465 7320 696e GRUB resides in\n-0001e410: 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 dynamically loa\n-0001e420: 6461 626c 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a20 dable modules.. \n-0001e430: 2020 2020 5468 6573 6520 6172 6520 6f66 These are of\n-0001e440: 7465 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7574 6f6d ten loaded autom\n-0001e450: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 6f72 2062 7569 atically, or bui\n-0001e460: 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 lt into the core\n-0001e470: 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2074 image. if t\n-0001e480: 6865 7920 6172 6520 6573 7365 6e74 6961 hey are essentia\n-0001e490: 6c2c 2062 7574 206d 6179 2061 6c73 6f20 l, but may also \n-0001e4a0: 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d61 6e75 616c be loaded manual\n-0001e4b0: 6c79 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ly using the. \n-0001e4c0: 2020 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 2063 ...insmod... c\n-0001e4d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e ommand (*note in\n-0001e4e0: 736d 6f64 3a3a 292e 0a0a 466f 7220 4752 smod::)...For GR\n-0001e4f0: 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 7573 6572 730a UB Legacy users.\n-0001e500: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0001e510: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6861 =====..GRUB 2 ha\n-0001e520: 7320 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6465 s a different de\n-0001e530: 7369 676e 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c sign from GRUB L\n-0001e540: 6567 6163 792c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 636f egacy, and so co\n-0001e550: 7272 6573 706f 6e64 656e 6365 730a 7769 rrespondences.wi\n-0001e560: 7468 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6974 th the images it\n-0001e570: 2075 7365 6420 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 used cannot be \n-0001e580: 6578 6163 742e 2020 4e65 7665 7274 6865 exact. Neverthe\n-0001e590: 6c65 7373 2c20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 less, GRUB Legac\n-0001e5a0: 790a 7573 6572 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 6173 y.users often as\n-0001e5b0: 6b20 7175 6573 7469 6f6e 7320 696e 2074 k questions in t\n-0001e5c0: 6865 2074 6572 6d73 2074 6865 7920 6172 he terms they ar\n-0001e5d0: 6520 6661 6d69 6c69 6172 2077 6974 682c e familiar with,\n-0001e5e0: 2061 6e64 2073 6f0a 6865 7265 2069 7320 and so.here is \n-0001e5f0: 6120 6272 6965 6620 6775 6964 6520 746f a brief guide to\n-0001e600: 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 3227 7320 696d how GRUB 2's im\n-0001e610: 6167 6573 2072 656c 6174 6520 746f 2074 ages relate to t\n-0001e620: 6861 742e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 31e2 hat......stage1.\n-0001e630: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5374 6167 6520 3120 ... Stage 1 \n-0001e640: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 from GRUB Legacy\n-0001e650: 2077 6173 2076 6572 7920 7369 6d69 6c61 was very simila\n-0001e660: 7220 746f 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 r to ...boot.img\n-0001e670: e280 9920 696e 2047 5255 4220 322c 0a20 ... in GRUB 2,. \n-0001e680: 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 6579 2073 6572 and they ser\n-0001e690: 7665 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6675 6e63 ve the same func\n-0001e6a0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2a5f 7374 6167 tion......*_stag\n-0001e6b0: 6531 5f35 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 e1_5.... In \n-0001e6c0: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c 2053 7461 GRUB Legacy, Sta\n-0001e6d0: 6765 2031 2e35 2773 2066 756e 6374 696f ge 1.5's functio\n-0001e6e0: 6e20 7761 7320 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 n was to include\n-0001e6f0: 2065 6e6f 7567 680a 2020 2020 2066 696c enough. fil\n-0001e700: 6573 7973 7465 6d20 636f 6465 2074 6f20 esystem code to \n-0001e710: 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 6d75 6368 206c allow the much l\n-0001e720: 6172 6765 7220 5374 6167 6520 3220 746f arger Stage 2 to\n-0001e730: 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 616e be read from an\n-0001e740: 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 6469 6e61 7279 2066 . ordinary f\n-0001e750: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 496e 2074 ilesystem. In t\n-0001e760: 6869 7320 7265 7370 6563 742c 2069 7473 his respect, its\n-0001e770: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7761 7320 7369 function was si\n-0001e780: 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 milar to. ..\n-0001e790: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 .core.img... in \n-0001e7a0: 4752 5542 2032 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 GRUB 2. However\n-0001e7b0: 2c20 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 , ...core.img...\n-0001e7c0: 2069 7320 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 6361 is much more ca\n-0001e7d0: 7061 626c 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 6e20 pable. than \n-0001e7e0: 5374 6167 6520 312e 3520 7761 733b 2073 Stage 1.5 was; s\n-0001e7f0: 696e 6365 2069 7420 6f66 6665 7273 2061 ince it offers a\n-0001e800: 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2069 rescue shell, i\n-0001e810: 7420 6973 2073 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 0a20 t is sometimes. \n-0001e820: 2020 2020 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 possible to \n-0001e830: 7265 636f 7665 7220 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 recover manually\n-0001e840: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6576 656e 7420 7468 in the event th\n-0001e850: 6174 2069 7420 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 at it is unable \n-0001e860: 746f 206c 6f61 640a 2020 2020 2061 6e79 to load. any\n-0001e870: 206f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 other modules, \n-0001e880: 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 6966 2070 for example if p\n-0001e890: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 artition numbers\n-0001e8a0: 2068 6176 6520 6368 616e 6765 642e 0a20 have changed.. \n-0001e8b0: 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 ...core.img.\n-0001e8c0: 8099 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 696e 2061 .. is built in a\n-0001e8d0: 206d 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2077 more flexible w\n-0001e8e0: 6179 2c20 616c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2047 5255 ay, allowing GRU\n-0001e8f0: 4220 3220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 B 2 to. supp\n-0001e900: 6f72 7420 7265 6164 696e 6720 6d6f 6475 ort reading modu\n-0001e910: 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 6476 616e 6365 les from advance\n-0001e920: 6420 6469 736b 2074 7970 6573 2073 7563 d disk types suc\n-0001e930: 6820 6173 204c 564d 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 h as LVM and. \n-0001e940: 2020 5241 4944 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 RAID... GR\n-0001e950: 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 636f 756c 6420 UB Legacy could \n-0001e960: 7275 6e20 7769 7468 206f 6e6c 7920 5374 run with only St\n-0001e970: 6167 6520 3120 616e 6420 5374 6167 6520 age 1 and Stage \n-0001e980: 3220 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 2 in some limite\n-0001e990: 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 d. configura\n-0001e9a0: 7469 6f6e 732c 2077 6869 6c65 2047 5255 tions, while GRU\n-0001e9b0: 4220 3220 7265 7175 6972 6573 20e2 8098 B 2 requires ...\n-0001e9c0: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 core.img... and \n-0001e9d0: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2077 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 cannot work. \n-0001e9e0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2069 742e 0a0a e280 without it.....\n-0001e9f0: 9873 7461 6765 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .stage2.... \n-0001ea00: 4752 5542 2032 2068 6173 206e 6f20 7369 GRUB 2 has no si\n-0001ea10: 6e67 6c65 2053 7461 6765 2032 2069 6d61 ngle Stage 2 ima\n-0001ea20: 6765 2e20 2049 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 6974 ge. Instead, it\n-0001ea30: 206c 6f61 6473 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2066 loads modules f\n-0001ea40: 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f rom. .../boo\n-0001ea50: 742f 6772 7562 e280 9920 6174 2072 756e t/grub... at run\n-0001ea60: 2d74 696d 652e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 -time......stage\n-0001ea70: 325f 656c 746f 7269 746f e280 990a 2020 2_eltorito.... \n-0001ea80: 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 696d In GRUB 2, im\n-0001ea90: 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 ages for booting\n-0001eaa0: 2066 726f 6d20 4344 2d52 4f4d 2064 7269 from CD-ROM dri\n-0001eab0: 7665 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 770a 2020 2020 ves are now. \n-0001eac0: 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 6564 2075 7369 constructed usi\n-0001ead0: 6e67 20e2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 ng ...cdboot.img\n-0001eae0: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9863 6f72 652e ... and ...core.\n-0001eaf0: 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 2073 img..., making s\n-0001eb00: 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ure that the. \n-0001eb10: 2020 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2063 6f6e core image con\n-0001eb20: 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 e280 9869 736f tains the ...iso\n-0001eb30: 3936 3630 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 9660... module. \n-0001eb40: 2049 7420 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2062 It is usually b\n-0001eb50: 6573 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 est to. use \n-0001eb60: 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 the ...grub-mkre\n-0001eb70: 7363 7565 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 scue... program \n-0001eb80: 666f 7220 7468 6973 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e62 for this......nb\n-0001eb90: 6772 7562 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 grub.... 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In\n-0001ec30: 2047 5255 4220 322c 2069 6d61 6765 7320 GRUB 2, images \n-0001ec40: 666f 7220 5058 4520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 for PXE network \n-0001ec50: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6172 6520 6e6f 7720 booting are now \n-0001ec60: 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 6420 7573 696e constructed usin\n-0001ec70: 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7078 6562 6f6f g. ...pxeboo\n-0001ec80: 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 t.img... and ...\n-0001ec90: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 206d 616b core.img..., mak\n-0001eca0: 696e 6720 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 ing sure that th\n-0001ecb0: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 e core image. \n-0001ecc0: 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 20e2 contains the .\n-0001ecd0: 8098 7078 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 ..pxe... and ...\n-0001ece0: 7078 6563 6d64 e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 pxecmd... module\n-0001ecf0: 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 s. *Note Networ\n-0001ed00: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n-0001ed10: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0001ed20: 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 Core image size \n-0001ed30: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 limitation, Nex\n-0001ed40: 743a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 t: Filesystem, \n-0001ed50: 5072 6576 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 2055 Prev: Images, U\n-0001ed60: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3132 2043 6f72 6520 p: Top..12 Core \n-0001ed70: 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 image size limit\n-0001ed80: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ation.**********\n-0001ed90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001eda0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a48 6561 7669 6c79 206c 696d ***..Heavily lim\n-0001edb0: 6974 6564 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 3a0a ited platforms:.\n-0001edc0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 2028 ... i386-pc (\n-0001edd0: 6e6f 726d 616c 2061 6e64 2050 5845 293a normal and PXE):\n-0001ede0: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n-0001edf0: 7369 7a65 2028 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 size (compressed\n-0001ee00: 2920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 ) is. limite\n-0001ee10: 6420 6279 2034 3538 3234 3020 6279 7465 d by 458240 byte\n-0001ee20: 732e 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 s. kernel.img (\n-0001ee30: 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 .text + .data + \n-0001ee40: 2e62 7373 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6f6d .bss,. uncom\n-0001ee50: 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 pressed) is limi\n-0001ee60: 7465 6420 6279 2033 3932 3730 3420 6279 ted by 392704 by\n-0001ee70: 7465 732e 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 697a tes. module siz\n-0001ee80: 650a 2020 2020 2028 756e 636f 6d70 7265 e. 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(decompr\n-0001f660: 6573 736f 7220 2b20 7363 7261 7463 6820 essor + scratch \n-0001f670: 7370 6163 6529 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 space) is limite\n-0001f680: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 d by the space f\n-0001f690: 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2038 6264 3030 3030 rom. 8bd0000\n-0001f6a0: 3020 6261 636b 7761 7264 0a20 2020 e280 0 backward. ..\n-0001f6b0: a220 706f 7765 7270 632d 6965 6565 3132 . powerpc-ieee12\n-0001f6c0: 3735 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 75: kernel.img (\n-0001f6d0: 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 .text + .data + \n-0001f6e0: 2e62 7373 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 .bss) + modules \n-0001f6f0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 is. limited \n-0001f700: 6279 2073 7061 6365 2061 7661 696c 6162 by space availab\n-0001f710: 6c65 2061 7420 3078 3230 3030 3030 0a0a le at 0x200000..\n-0001f720: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0001f730: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 o, Node: Filesy\n-0001f740: 7374 656d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e74 stem, Next: Int\n-0001f750: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 erface, Prev: C\n-0001f760: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c ore image size l\n-0001f770: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 imitation, Up: \n-0001f780: 546f 700a 0a31 3320 4669 6c65 7379 7374 Top..13 Filesyst\n-0001f790: 656d 2073 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 7365 em syntax and se\n-0001f7a0: 6d61 6e74 6963 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a mantics.********\n+0001d1e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+0001d1f0: 536f 6d65 206c 6170 746f 7020 7665 6e64 Some laptop vend\n+0001d200: 6f72 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6520 616e 2061 ors provide an a\n+0001d210: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 706f 7765 722d dditional power-\n+0001d220: 6f6e 2062 7574 746f 6e20 7768 6963 6820 on button which \n+0001d230: 626f 6f74 730a 616e 6f74 6865 7220 4f53 boots.another OS\n+0001d240: 2e20 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 . GRUB supports \n+0001d250: 7375 6368 2062 7574 746f 6e73 2077 6974 such buttons wit\n+0001d260: 6820 7468 6520 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 h the ...GRUB_TI\n+0001d270: 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c MEOUT_BUTTON...,\n+0001d280: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ....GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+0001d290: 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 _STYLE_BUTTON...\n+0001d2a0: 2c20 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c , ...GRUB_DEFAUL\n+0001d2b0: 545f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 2061 6e64 T_BUTTON..., and\n+0001d2c0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f ....GRUB_BUTTON_\n+0001d2d0: 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 9920 CMOS_ADDRESS... \n+0001d2e0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e 2064 6566 variables in def\n+0001d2f0: 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 6220 282a 6e6f 7465 ault/grub (*note\n+0001d300: 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple.configur\n+0001d310: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e20 20e2 8098 4752 ation::). ...GR\n+0001d320: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f UB_TIMEOUT_BUTTO\n+0001d330: 4ee2 8099 2c20 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 N..., ...GRUB_TI\n+0001d340: 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 455f 4255 5454 MEOUT_STYLE_BUTT\n+0001d350: 4f4e e280 992c 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 ON...,.and ...GR\n+0001d360: 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f UB_DEFAULT_BUTTO\n+0001d370: 4ee2 8099 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 696e N... are used in\n+0001d380: 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 stead of the cor\n+0001d390: 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 0a76 6172 6961 responding.varia\n+0001d3a0: 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6865 bles without the\n+0001d3b0: 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2073 ..._BUTTON... s\n+0001d3c0: 7566 6669 7820 7768 656e 2070 6f77 6572 uffix when power\n+0001d3d0: 6564 206f 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 ed on using the \n+0001d3e0: 7370 6563 6961 6c0a 6275 7474 6f6e 2e20 special.button. \n+0001d3f0: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f ...GRUB_BUTTON_\n+0001d400: 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 9920 CMOS_ADDRESS... \n+0001d410: 6973 2076 656e 646f 722d 7370 6563 6966 is vendor-specif\n+0001d420: 6963 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 616c 6c79 ic and partially\n+0001d430: 0a6d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 632e .model-specific.\n+0001d440: 2020 5661 6c75 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 Values known t\n+0001d450: 6f20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2074 6561 6d20 o the GRUB team \n+0001d460: 6172 653a 0a0a 3c44 656c 6c20 5850 5320 are:... 121\n+0001d480: 3a33 0a3c 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 204d 3135 :3.. 85:3.. 85:3.. 84:1 (unc\n+0001d4e0: 6f6e 6669 726d 6564 290a 3c4c 454e 4f56 onfirmed).. \n+0001d510: 2031 3031 3a33 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7461 101:3.. To ta\n+0001d520: 6b65 2066 756c 6c20 6164 7661 6e74 6167 ke full advantag\n+0001d530: 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 e of this functi\n+0001d540: 6f6e 2c20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 on, install GRUB\n+0001d550: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 4d42 520a 282a into the MBR.(*\n+0001d560: 6e6f 7465 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 note Installing \n+0001d570: 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d GRUB using grub-\n+0001d580: 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 install::)... \n+0001d590: 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6120 6c61 If you have a la\n+0001d5a0: 7074 6f70 2077 6869 6368 2068 6173 2061 ptop which has a\n+0001d5b0: 2073 696d 696c 6172 2066 6561 7475 7265 similar feature\n+0001d5c0: 2061 6e64 206e 6f74 2069 6e20 7468 6520 and not in the \n+0001d5d0: 6162 6f76 650a 6c69 7374 2063 6f75 6c64 above.list could\n+0001d5e0: 2079 6f75 2066 6967 7572 6520 796f 7572 you figure your\n+0001d5f0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e address and con\n+0001d600: 7472 6962 7574 653f 2020 546f 2064 6973 tribute? To dis\n+0001d610: 636f 7665 7220 7468 650a 6164 6472 6573 cover the.addres\n+0001d620: 7320 646f 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 s do the followi\n+0001d630: 6e67 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 7420 ng:. ... boot \n+0001d640: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 e280 a220 normally. ... \n+0001d650: 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6d6f 6470 726f sudo modpro\n+0001d660: 6265 206e 7672 616d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 be nvram. \n+0001d670: 2020 2073 7564 6f20 6361 7420 2f64 6576 sudo cat /dev\n+0001d680: 2f6e 7672 616d 207c 2078 7864 203e 206e /nvram | xxd > n\n+0001d690: 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6275 7474 6f6e 2e74 7874 ormal_button.txt\n+0001d6a0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626f 6f74 2075 7369 . ... boot usi\n+0001d6b0: 6e67 2076 656e 646f 7220 6275 7474 6f6e ng vendor button\n+0001d6c0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 2020 2020 2073 7564 . ... sud\n+0001d6d0: 6f20 6d6f 6470 726f 6265 206e 7672 616d o modprobe nvram\n+0001d6e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7564 6f20 . sudo \n+0001d6f0: 6361 7420 2f64 6576 2f6e 7672 616d 207c cat /dev/nvram |\n+0001d700: 2078 7864 203e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 7665 xxd > normal_ve\n+0001d710: 6e64 6f72 2e74 7874 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 ndor.txt.. The\n+0001d720: 6e20 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6573 6520 n compare these \n+0001d730: 7465 7874 2066 696c 6573 2061 6e64 2066 text files and f\n+0001d740: 696e 6420 7768 6572 6520 6120 6269 7420 ind where a bit \n+0001d750: 7761 7320 746f 6767 6c65 642e 2020 452e was toggled. E.\n+0001d760: 672e 0a69 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 4465 g..in case of De\n+0001d770: 6c6c 2058 5053 2069 7420 7761 733a 0a20 ll XPS it was:. \n+0001d780: 2020 2020 6279 7465 2030 7834 373a 2032 byte 0x47: 2\n+0001d790: 3020 2d2d 3e20 3238 0a20 2020 4974 2773 0 --> 28. It's\n+0001d7a0: 2061 2062 6974 206e 756d 6265 7220 3320 a bit number 3 \n+0001d7b0: 6173 2073 6565 6e20 6672 6f6d 2066 6f6c as seen from fol\n+0001d7c0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 3a0a 3020 lowing table:.0 \n+0001d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 310a 01.\n+0001d7e0: 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 1 0\n+0001d7f0: 320a 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2.2 \n+0001d800: 2030 340a 3320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 04.3 \n+0001d810: 2020 2030 380a 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 08.4 \n+0001d820: 2020 2020 2031 300a 3520 2020 2020 2020 10.5 \n+0001d830: 2020 2020 2020 2032 300a 3620 2020 2020 20.6 \n+0001d840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2034 300a 3720 2020 40.7 \n+0001d850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 300a 0a20 80.. \n+0001d860: 2020 3078 3437 2069 7320 6465 6369 6d61 0x47 is decima\n+0001d870: 6c20 3731 2e20 204c 696e 7578 206e 7672 l 71. Linux nvr\n+0001d880: 616d 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f am implementatio\n+0001d890: 6e20 6375 7473 2066 6972 7374 2031 3420 n cuts first 14 \n+0001d8a0: 6279 7465 730a 6f66 2043 4d4f 532e 2053 bytes.of CMOS. S\n+0001d8b0: 6f20 7468 6520 7265 616c 2062 7974 6520 o the real byte \n+0001d8c0: 6164 6472 6573 7320 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 address in CMOS \n+0001d8d0: 6973 2037 312b 3134 3d38 3520 536f 2063 is 71+14=85 So c\n+0001d8e0: 6f6d 706c 6574 650a 6164 6472 6573 7320 omplete.address \n+0001d8f0: 6973 2038 353a 330a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a is 85:3....File:\n+0001d900: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0001d910: 653a 2049 6d61 6765 732c 2020 4e65 7874 e: Images, Next\n+0001d920: 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a : Core image siz\n+0001d930: 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 e limitation, P\n+0001d940: 7265 763a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 rev: Vendor powe\n+0001d950: 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 5570 3a20 r-on keys, Up: \n+0001d960: 546f 700a 0a31 3120 4752 5542 2069 6d61 Top..11 GRUB ima\n+0001d970: 6765 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ge files.*******\n+0001d980: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 ************..GR\n+0001d990: 5542 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 7320 6f66 2073 UB consists of s\n+0001d9a0: 6576 6572 616c 2069 6d61 6765 733a 2061 everal images: a\n+0001d9b0: 2076 6172 6965 7479 206f 6620 626f 6f74 variety of boot\n+0001d9c0: 7374 7261 7020 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 strap images for\n+0001d9d0: 0a73 7461 7274 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 .starting GRUB i\n+0001d9e0: 6e20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7761 7973 2c20 n various ways, \n+0001d9f0: 6120 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 a kernel image, \n+0001da00: 616e 6420 6120 7365 7420 6f66 206d 6f64 and a set of mod\n+0001da10: 756c 6573 0a77 6869 6368 2061 7265 2063 ules.which are c\n+0001da20: 6f6d 6269 6e65 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 ombined with the\n+0001da30: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 746f kernel image to\n+0001da40: 2066 6f72 6d20 6120 636f 7265 2069 6d61 form a core ima\n+0001da50: 6765 2e20 2048 6572 6520 6973 0a61 2073 ge. Here is.a s\n+0001da60: 686f 7274 206f 7665 7276 6965 7720 6f66 hort overview of\n+0001da70: 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a e280 9862 6f6f 742e them......boot.\n+0001da80: 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 2050 img.... On P\n+0001da90: 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 C BIOS systems, \n+0001daa0: 7468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7468 this image is th\n+0001dab0: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 206f 6620 e first part of \n+0001dac0: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7374 6172 742e 0a20 GRUB to start.. \n+0001dad0: 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 7772 6974 7465 It is writte\n+0001dae0: 6e20 746f 2061 206d 6173 7465 7220 626f n to a master bo\n+0001daf0: 6f74 2072 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 ot record (MBR) \n+0001db00: 6f72 2074 6f20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2073 or to the boot s\n+0001db10: 6563 746f 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 6120 ector. of a \n+0001db20: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4265 6361 partition. Beca\n+0001db30: 7573 6520 6120 5043 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 use a PC boot se\n+0001db40: 6374 6f72 2069 7320 3531 3220 6279 7465 ctor is 512 byte\n+0001db50: 732c 2074 6865 2073 697a 6520 6f66 0a20 s, the size of. \n+0001db60: 2020 2020 7468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 this image i\n+0001db70: 7320 6578 6163 746c 7920 3531 3220 6279 s exactly 512 by\n+0001db80: 7465 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2073 tes... The s\n+0001db90: 6f6c 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 ole function of \n+0001dba0: e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 ...boot.img... i\n+0001dbb0: 7320 746f 2072 6561 6420 7468 6520 6669 s to read the fi\n+0001dbc0: 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 rst sector of th\n+0001dbd0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 e. core imag\n+0001dbe0: 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 206c 6f63 616c 2064 e from a local d\n+0001dbf0: 6973 6b20 616e 6420 6a75 6d70 2074 6f20 isk and jump to \n+0001dc00: 6974 2e20 2042 6563 6175 7365 206f 6620 it. Because of \n+0001dc10: 7468 6520 7369 7a65 0a20 2020 2020 7265 the size. re\n+0001dc20: 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e2c 20e2 8098 626f striction, ...bo\n+0001dc30: 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6361 6e6e 6f74 ot.img... cannot\n+0001dc40: 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 616e 7920 understand any \n+0001dc50: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 file system. \n+0001dc60: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2c20 736f 20e2 structure, so .\n+0001dc70: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n+0001dc80: 9920 6861 7264 636f 6465 7320 7468 6520 . hardcodes the \n+0001dc90: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 location of the \n+0001dca0: 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 2073 6563 746f first. secto\n+0001dcb0: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d r of the core im\n+0001dcc0: 6167 6520 696e 746f 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 age into ...boot\n+0001dcd0: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7768 656e 2069 6e73 .img... when ins\n+0001dce0: 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2e0a 0ae2 talling GRUB....\n+0001dcf0: 8098 6469 736b 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 ..diskboot.img..\n+0001dd00: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 .. This imag\n+0001dd10: 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 6865 e is used as the\n+0001dd20: 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 first sector of\n+0001dd30: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n+0001dd40: 7768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 696e when. bootin\n+0001dd50: 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 g from a hard di\n+0001dd60: 736b 2e20 2049 7420 7265 6164 7320 7468 sk. It reads th\n+0001dd70: 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f e rest of the co\n+0001dd80: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e74 6f0a 2020 re image into. \n+0001dd90: 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 616e 6420 7374 memory and st\n+0001dda0: 6172 7473 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e arts the kernel.\n+0001ddb0: 2020 5369 6e63 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 Since file sys\n+0001ddc0: 7465 6d20 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 2069 7320 tem handling is \n+0001ddd0: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2079 6574 2061 7661 not. yet ava\n+0001dde0: 696c 6162 6c65 2c20 6974 2065 6e63 6f64 ilable, it encod\n+0001ddf0: 6573 2074 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 es the location \n+0001de00: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 of the core imag\n+0001de10: 6520 7573 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 2062 e using a. b\n+0001de20: 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 666f 726d 6174 lock list format\n+0001de30: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 ......cdboot.img\n+0001de40: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d .... This im\n+0001de50: 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 6173 2074 age is used as t\n+0001de60: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 he first sector \n+0001de70: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 of the core imag\n+0001de80: 6520 7768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 e when. boot\n+0001de90: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 2043 442d 524f ing from a CD-RO\n+0001dea0: 4d20 6472 6976 652e 2020 4974 2070 6572 M drive. It per\n+0001deb0: 666f 726d 7320 6120 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 forms a similar \n+0001dec0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 function to. \n+0001ded0: 20e2 8098 6469 736b 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 ...diskboot.img\n+0001dee0: e280 992e 0a0a e280 9870 7865 626f 6f74 .........pxeboot\n+0001def0: 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 .img.... Thi\n+0001df00: 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 s image is used \n+0001df10: 6173 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 as the start of \n+0001df20: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 the core image w\n+0001df30: 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d hen booting from\n+0001df40: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 . the networ\n+0001df50: 6b20 7573 696e 6720 5058 452e 202a 4e6f k using PXE. *No\n+0001df60: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 te Network::....\n+0001df70: 8098 6c6e 7862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 ..lnxboot.img...\n+0001df80: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 . This image\n+0001df90: 206d 6179 2062 6520 706c 6163 6564 2061 may be placed a\n+0001dfa0: 7420 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 t the start of t\n+0001dfb0: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 696e he core image in\n+0001dfc0: 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 206d order to. m\n+0001dfd0: 616b 6520 4752 5542 206c 6f6f 6b20 656e ake GRUB look en\n+0001dfe0: 6f75 6768 206c 696b 6520 6120 4c69 6e75 ough like a Linu\n+0001dff0: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2074 6861 7420 6974 x kernel that it\n+0001e000: 2063 616e 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 2062 can be booted b\n+0001e010: 790a 2020 2020 204c 494c 4f20 7573 696e y. LILO usin\n+0001e020: 6720 616e 20e2 8098 696d 6167 653d e280 g an ...image=..\n+0001e030: 9920 7365 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a e280 986b . section......k\n+0001e040: 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 ernel.img.... \n+0001e050: 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2063 6f6e This image con\n+0001e060: 7461 696e 7320 4752 5542 2773 2062 6173 tains GRUB's bas\n+0001e070: 6963 2072 756e 2d74 696d 6520 6661 6369 ic run-time faci\n+0001e080: 6c69 7469 6573 3a20 6672 616d 6577 6f72 lities: framewor\n+0001e090: 6b73 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 6465 7669 ks. for devi\n+0001e0a0: 6365 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6520 6861 6e64 ce and file hand\n+0001e0b0: 6c69 6e67 2c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ling, environmen\n+0001e0c0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2074 6865 t variables, the\n+0001e0d0: 2072 6573 6375 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 rescue. mod\n+0001e0e0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2070 e command-line p\n+0001e0f0: 6172 7365 722c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e arser, and so on\n+0001e100: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2072 6172 656c 7920 . It is rarely \n+0001e110: 7573 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 0a20 used directly,. \n+0001e120: 2020 2020 6275 7420 6973 2062 7569 6c74 but is built\n+0001e130: 2069 6e74 6f20 616c 6c20 636f 7265 2069 into all core i\n+0001e140: 6d61 6765 732e 0a0a e280 9863 6f72 652e mages......core.\n+0001e150: 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 img.... This\n+0001e160: 2069 7320 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 is the core ima\n+0001e170: 6765 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 4974 2069 ge of GRUB. It i\n+0001e180: 7320 6275 696c 7420 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 s built dynamica\n+0001e190: 6c6c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 lly from the. \n+0001e1a0: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2061 kernel image a\n+0001e1b0: 6e64 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 7920 nd an arbitrary \n+0001e1c0: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 list of modules \n+0001e1d0: 6279 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d by the ...grub-m\n+0001e1e0: 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 990a 2020 2020 2070 kimage.... p\n+0001e1f0: 726f 6772 616d 2e20 2055 7375 616c 6c79 rogram. Usually\n+0001e200: 2c20 6974 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 656e , it contains en\n+0001e210: 6f75 6768 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6f20 ough modules to \n+0001e220: 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f access. .../\n+0001e230: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 616e boot/grub..., an\n+0001e240: 6420 6c6f 6164 7320 6576 6572 7974 6869 d loads everythi\n+0001e250: 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 ng else (includi\n+0001e260: 6e67 206d 656e 7520 6861 6e64 6c69 6e67 ng menu handling\n+0001e270: 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 ,. the abili\n+0001e280: 7479 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2074 6172 6765 ty to load targe\n+0001e290: 7420 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 t operating syst\n+0001e2a0: 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2920 ems, and so on) \n+0001e2b0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 from the. fi\n+0001e2c0: 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 2072 756e le system at run\n+0001e2d0: 2d74 696d 652e 2020 5468 6520 6d6f 6475 -time. 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Everythi\n+0001e3f0: 6e67 2065 6c73 6520 696e 2047 5255 4220 ng else in GRUB \n+0001e400: 7265 7369 6465 7320 696e 2064 796e 616d resides in dynam\n+0001e410: 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6461 626c 6520 ically loadable \n+0001e420: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 modules.. Th\n+0001e430: 6573 6520 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6c6f ese are often lo\n+0001e440: 6164 6564 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c aded automatical\n+0001e450: 6c79 2c20 6f72 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 ly, or built int\n+0001e460: 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 o the core image\n+0001e470: 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2074 6865 7920 6172 . if they ar\n+0001e480: 6520 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2c 2062 7574 e essential, but\n+0001e490: 206d 6179 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 may also be loa\n+0001e4a0: 6465 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2075 7369 ded manually usi\n+0001e4b0: 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9869 ng the. ...i\n+0001e4c0: 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nsmod... command\n+0001e4d0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a (*note insmod::\n+0001e4e0: 292e 0a0a 466f 7220 4752 5542 204c 6567 )...For GRUB Leg\n+0001e4f0: 6163 7920 7573 6572 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d acy users.======\n+0001e500: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+0001e510: 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6861 7320 6120 6469 .GRUB 2 has a di\n+0001e520: 6666 6572 656e 7420 6465 7369 676e 2066 fferent design f\n+0001e530: 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c rom GRUB Legacy,\n+0001e540: 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 636f 7272 6573 706f and so correspo\n+0001e550: 6e64 656e 6365 730a 7769 7468 2074 6865 ndences.with the\n+0001e560: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6974 2075 7365 6420 images it used \n+0001e570: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6520 6578 6163 742e cannot be exact.\n+0001e580: 2020 4e65 7665 7274 6865 6c65 7373 2c20 Nevertheless, \n+0001e590: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 790a 7573 6572 GRUB Legacy.user\n+0001e5a0: 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 6173 6b20 7175 6573 s often ask ques\n+0001e5b0: 7469 6f6e 7320 696e 2074 6865 2074 6572 tions in the ter\n+0001e5c0: 6d73 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 6661 6d69 ms they are fami\n+0001e5d0: 6c69 6172 2077 6974 682c 2061 6e64 2073 liar with, and s\n+0001e5e0: 6f0a 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 6272 6965 o.here is a brie\n+0001e5f0: 6620 6775 6964 6520 746f 2068 6f77 2047 f guide to how G\n+0001e600: 5255 4220 3227 7320 696d 6167 6573 2072 RUB 2's images r\n+0001e610: 656c 6174 6520 746f 2074 6861 742e 0a0a elate to that...\n+0001e620: e280 9873 7461 6765 31e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...stage1.... \n+0001e630: 2020 5374 6167 6520 3120 6672 6f6d 2047 Stage 1 from G\n+0001e640: 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2077 6173 2076 RUB Legacy was v\n+0001e650: 6572 7920 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 20e2 ery similar to .\n+0001e660: 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 696e ..boot.img... in\n+0001e670: 2047 5255 4220 322c 0a20 2020 2020 616e GRUB 2,. an\n+0001e680: 6420 7468 6579 2073 6572 7665 2074 6865 d they serve the\n+0001e690: 2073 616d 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a same function..\n+0001e6a0: 0ae2 8098 2a5f 7374 6167 6531 5f35 e280 ....*_stage1_5..\n+0001e6b0: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 204c .. In GRUB L\n+0001e6c0: 6567 6163 792c 2053 7461 6765 2031 2e35 egacy, Stage 1.5\n+0001e6d0: 2773 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7761 7320 's function was \n+0001e6e0: 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2065 6e6f 7567 to include enoug\n+0001e6f0: 680a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 h. filesyste\n+0001e700: 6d20 636f 6465 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 m code to allow \n+0001e710: 7468 6520 6d75 6368 206c 6172 6765 7220 the much larger \n+0001e720: 5374 6167 6520 3220 746f 2062 6520 7265 Stage 2 to be re\n+0001e730: 6164 2066 726f 6d20 616e 0a20 2020 2020 ad from an. \n+0001e740: 6f72 6469 6e61 7279 2066 696c 6573 7973 ordinary filesys\n+0001e750: 7465 6d2e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 7265 tem. In this re\n+0001e760: 7370 6563 742c 2069 7473 2066 756e 6374 spect, its funct\n+0001e770: 696f 6e20 7761 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 ion was similar \n+0001e780: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f72 652e to. ...core.\n+0001e790: 696d 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 img... in GRUB 2\n+0001e7a0: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 e280 9863 . However, ...c\n+0001e7b0: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 6d75 ore.img... is mu\n+0001e7c0: 6368 206d 6f72 6520 6361 7061 626c 650a ch more capable.\n+0001e7d0: 2020 2020 2074 6861 6e20 5374 6167 6520 than Stage \n+0001e7e0: 312e 3520 7761 733b 2073 696e 6365 2069 1.5 was; since i\n+0001e7f0: 7420 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 t offers a rescu\n+0001e800: 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2069 7420 6973 2073 e shell, it is s\n+0001e810: 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 0a20 2020 2020 706f ometimes. po\n+0001e820: 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 636f 7665 ssible to recove\n+0001e830: 7220 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 6e20 7468 r manually in th\n+0001e840: 6520 6576 656e 7420 7468 6174 2069 7420 e event that it \n+0001e850: 6973 2075 6e61 626c 6520 746f 206c 6f61 is unable to loa\n+0001e860: 640a 2020 2020 2061 6e79 206f 7468 6572 d. any other\n+0001e870: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 666f 7220 6578 modules, for ex\n+0001e880: 616d 706c 6520 6966 2070 6172 7469 7469 ample if partiti\n+0001e890: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 2068 6176 6520 on numbers have \n+0001e8a0: 6368 616e 6765 642e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 changed.. ..\n+0001e8b0: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 7320 .core.img... is \n+0001e8c0: 6275 696c 7420 696e 2061 206d 6f72 6520 built in a more \n+0001e8d0: 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2077 6179 2c20 616c flexible way, al\n+0001e8e0: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2047 5255 4220 3220 746f lowing GRUB 2 to\n+0001e8f0: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 . support re\n+0001e900: 6164 696e 6720 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6672 ading modules fr\n+0001e910: 6f6d 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 6469 736b om advanced disk\n+0001e920: 2074 7970 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 204c types such as L\n+0001e930: 564d 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4944 VM and. RAID\n+0001e940: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 204c 6567 ... GRUB Leg\n+0001e950: 6163 7920 636f 756c 6420 7275 6e20 7769 acy could run wi\n+0001e960: 7468 206f 6e6c 7920 5374 6167 6520 3120 th only Stage 1 \n+0001e970: 616e 6420 5374 6167 6520 3220 696e 2073 and Stage 2 in s\n+0001e980: 6f6d 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 640a 2020 2020 ome limited. \n+0001e990: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c configurations,\n+0001e9a0: 2077 6869 6c65 2047 5255 4220 3220 7265 while GRUB 2 re\n+0001e9b0: 7175 6972 6573 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 quires ...core.i\n+0001e9c0: 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 6361 6e6e 6f74 mg... and cannot\n+0001e9d0: 2077 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2077 6974 686f work. witho\n+0001e9e0: 7574 2069 742e 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 ut it......stage\n+0001e9f0: 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2032 2.... GRUB 2\n+0001ea00: 2068 6173 206e 6f20 7369 6e67 6c65 2053 has no single S\n+0001ea10: 7461 6765 2032 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2049 tage 2 image. I\n+0001ea20: 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 6974 206c 6f61 6473 nstead, it loads\n+0001ea30: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 modules from. \n+0001ea40: 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 .../boot/grub\n+0001ea50: e280 9920 6174 2072 756e 2d74 696d 652e ... at run-time.\n+0001ea60: 0a0a e280 9873 7461 6765 325f 656c 746f .....stage2_elto\n+0001ea70: 7269 746f e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 rito.... 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In GRUB \n+0001ec30: 322c 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 5058 2, images for PX\n+0001ec40: 4520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e E network bootin\n+0001ec50: 6720 6172 6520 6e6f 7720 636f 6e73 7472 g are now constr\n+0001ec60: 7563 7465 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 ucted using. \n+0001ec70: 20e2 8098 7078 6562 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 ...pxeboot.img.\n+0001ec80: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 .. and ...core.i\n+0001ec90: 6d67 e280 992c 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 mg..., making su\n+0001eca0: 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 636f 7265 re that the core\n+0001ecb0: 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 image. cont\n+0001ecc0: 6169 6e73 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7078 65e2 ains the ...pxe.\n+0001ecd0: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7078 6563 6d64 .. and ...pxecmd\n+0001ece0: e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 2020 2a4e ... modules. *N\n+0001ecf0: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n+0001ed00: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0001ed10: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 7265 2069 o, Node: Core i\n+0001ed20: 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 mage size limita\n+0001ed30: 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 696c tion, Next: Fil\n+0001ed40: 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 esystem, Prev: \n+0001ed50: 496d 6167 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 Images, Up: Top\n+0001ed60: 0a0a 3132 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 ..12 Core image \n+0001ed70: 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e0a size limitation.\n+0001ed80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0001ed90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a48 *************..H\n+0001eda0: 6561 7669 6c79 206c 696d 6974 6564 2070 eavily limited p\n+0001edb0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 latforms:. ...\n+0001edc0: 2069 3338 362d 7063 2028 6e6f 726d 616c i386-pc (normal\n+0001edd0: 2061 6e64 2050 5845 293a 2074 6865 2063 and PXE): the c\n+0001ede0: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 2028 ore image size (\n+0001edf0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 0a20 compressed) is. \n+0001ee00: 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2034 limited by 4\n+0001ee10: 3538 3234 3020 6279 7465 732e 2020 6b65 58240 bytes. ke\n+0001ee20: 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 rnel.img (.text \n+0001ee30: 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2c0a + .data + .bss,.\n+0001ee40: 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 uncompresse\n+0001ee50: 6429 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 d) is limited by\n+0001ee60: 2033 3932 3730 3420 6279 7465 732e 2020 392704 bytes. \n+0001ee70: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 697a 650a 2020 2020 module size. \n+0001ee80: 2028 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 (uncompressed) \n+0001ee90: 2b20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 + kernel.img (.t\n+0001eea0: 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 612c 2075 6e63 ext + .data, unc\n+0001eeb0: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 730a 2020 ompressed) is. \n+0001eec0: 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 limited by th\n+0001eed0: 6520 7369 7a65 206f 6620 636f 6e74 6967 e size of contig\n+0001eee0: 756f 7573 2063 6875 6e6b 2061 7420 314d uous chunk at 1M\n+0001eef0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 address.. ...\n+0001ef00: 2073 7061 7263 3634 2d69 6565 6531 3237 sparc64-ieee127\n+0001ef10: 353a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 5: kernel.img (.\n+0001ef20: 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e text + .data + .\n+0001ef30: 6273 7329 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 202b bss) + modules +\n+0001ef40: 0a20 2020 2020 3235 364b 2028 7374 6163 . 256K (stac\n+0001ef50: 6b29 202b 2032 4d20 2868 6561 7029 2069 k) + 2M (heap) i\n+0001ef60: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 s limited by spa\n+0001ef70: 6365 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 7420 ce available at \n+0001ef80: 3078 3434 3030 2e0a 2020 2020 204f 6e20 0x4400.. 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Light\n+0001f060: 6c79 206c 696d 6974 6564 2070 6c61 7466 ly limited platf\n+0001f070: 6f72 6d73 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 2a2d orms:.. ... *-\n+0001f080: 7865 6e3a 206c 696d 6974 6564 206f 6e6c xen: limited onl\n+0001f090: 7920 6279 2061 6472 6573 7320 7370 6163 y by adress spac\n+0001f0a0: 6520 616e 6420 5241 4d20 7369 7a65 2e0a e and RAM size..\n+0001f0b0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7165 6d75 ... i386-qemu\n+0001f0c0: 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 : kernel.img (.t\n+0001f0d0: 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 ext + .data + .b\n+0001f0e0: 7373 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 ss) is limited b\n+0001f0f0: 7920 3339 3237 3034 0a20 2020 2020 6279 y 392704. by\n+0001f100: 7465 732e 2020 2863 6f72 652e 696d 6720 tes. (core.img \n+0001f110: 776f 756c 6420 6265 206c 696d 6974 6564 would be limited\n+0001f120: 2062 7920 524f 4d20 7369 7a65 2062 7574 by ROM size but\n+0001f130: 2069 7427 7320 756e 6c69 6d69 7465 640a it's unlimited.\n+0001f140: 2020 2020 206f 6e20 7165 6d75 0a20 2020 on qemu. \n+0001f150: e280 a220 416c 6c20 4546 4920 706c 6174 ... All EFI plat\n+0001f160: 666f 726d 733a 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 forms: limited b\n+0001f170: 7920 636f 6e74 6967 756f 7573 2052 414d y contiguous RAM\n+0001f180: 2073 697a 6520 616e 6420 706f 7373 6962 size and possib\n+0001f190: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6669 726d 7761 7265 ly. firmware\n+0001f1a0: 2062 7567 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 2043 6f72 bugs. ... 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(.\n+0001f370: 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 2929 2028 text + .data)) (\n+0001f380: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 6465 compressed) + de\n+0001f390: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 2069 7320 6c69 compressor is li\n+0001f3a0: 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 0a20 2020 mited by the. \n+0001f3b0: 2020 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2038 3032 space from 802\n+0001f3c0: 3030 3030 3020 666f 7277 6172 640a 2020 00000 forward. \n+0001f3d0: 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 7365 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e ... mipsel-loon\n+0001f3e0: 6773 6f6e 2028 466c 6173 6829 2c20 6d69 gson (Flash), mi\n+0001f3f0: 7073 2865 6c29 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 ps(el)-qemu_mips\n+0001f400: 2028 466c 6173 6829 3a20 6b65 726e 656c (Flash): kernel\n+0001f410: 2e69 6d67 0a20 2020 2020 282e 7465 7874 .img. (.text\n+0001f420: 202b 202e 6461 7461 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 + .data) + modu\n+0001f430: 6c65 7320 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 les is limited b\n+0001f440: 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d y the space from\n+0001f450: 2038 3032 3030 3030 300a 2020 2020 2066 80200000. f\n+0001f460: 6f72 7761 7264 2063 6f72 652e 696d 6720 orward core.img \n+0001f470: 2866 696e 616c 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 (final) is limit\n+0001f480: 6564 2062 7920 666c 6173 6820 7369 7a65 ed by flash size\n+0001f490: 2028 3531 324b 206f 6e20 7965 656c 6f6f (512K on yeeloo\n+0001f4a0: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6675 6c6f ng. and fulo\n+0001f4b0: 6f6f 6e67 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 oong). ... mip\n+0001f4c0: 732d 6172 633a 2069 6620 756e 636f 6d70 s-arc: if uncomp\n+0001f4d0: 7265 7373 6564 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 ressed: kernel.i\n+0001f4e0: 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 mg (.text + .dat\n+0001f4f0: 6129 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 a) is limited by\n+0001f500: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 . the space \n+0001f510: 6672 6f6d 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 666f from 8bd00000 fo\n+0001f520: 7277 6172 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2b20 rward modules + \n+0001f530: 6475 6d6d 7920 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 dummy decompress\n+0001f540: 6f72 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 or is. limit\n+0001f550: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 ed by the space \n+0001f560: 6672 6f6d 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 6261 from 8bd00000 ba\n+0001f570: 636b 7761 7264 2069 6620 636f 6d70 7265 ckward if compre\n+0001f580: 7373 6564 3a0a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 ssed:. kerne\n+0001f590: 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e l.img (.text + .\n+0001f5a0: 6461 7461 2c20 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 data, uncompress\n+0001f5b0: 6564 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 ed) is limited b\n+0001f5c0: 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 650a 2020 2020 y the space. \n+0001f5d0: 2066 726f 6d20 3862 6430 3030 3030 2066 from 8bd00000 f\n+0001f5e0: 6f72 7761 7264 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2028 orward modules (\n+0001f5f0: 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 2b20 uncompressed) + \n+0001f600: 286d 6f64 756c 6573 202b 0a20 2020 2020 (modules +. \n+0001f610: 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 kernel.img (.tex\n+0001f620: 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 2920 2863 6f6d t + .data)) (com\n+0001f630: 7072 6573 7365 642c 2061 6c69 676e 6564 pressed, aligned\n+0001f640: 2074 6f20 314d 2920 2b20 314d 0a20 2020 to 1M) + 1M. \n+0001f650: 2020 2864 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 736f 7220 (decompressor \n+0001f660: 2b20 7363 7261 7463 6820 7370 6163 6529 + scratch space)\n+0001f670: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 is limited by t\n+0001f680: 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 he space from. \n+0001f690: 2020 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 6261 636b 8bd00000 back\n+0001f6a0: 7761 7264 0a20 2020 e280 a220 706f 7765 ward. ... powe\n+0001f6b0: 7270 632d 6965 6565 3132 3735 3a20 6b65 rpc-ieee1275: ke\n+0001f6c0: 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 rnel.img (.text \n+0001f6d0: 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 7373 2920 + .data + .bss) \n+0001f6e0: 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6973 0a20 2020 + modules is. \n+0001f6f0: 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 limited by spa\n+0001f700: 6365 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 7420 ce available at \n+0001f710: 3078 3230 3030 3030 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 0x200000....File\n+0001f720: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0001f730: 6465 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 de: Filesystem, \n+0001f740: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 Next: Interface\n+0001f750: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f72 6520 696d , Prev: Core im\n+0001f760: 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 age size limitat\n+0001f770: 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 ion, Up: Top..1\n+0001f780: 3320 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2073 796e 3 Filesystem syn\n+0001f790: 7461 7820 616e 6420 7365 6d61 6e74 6963 tax and semantic\n+0001f7a0: 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a s.**************\n 0001f7b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001f7c0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 **********..GRUB\n-0001f7d0: 2075 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 uses a special \n-0001f7e0: 7379 6e74 6178 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 syntax for speci\n-0001f7f0: 6679 696e 6720 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 fying disk drive\n-0001f800: 7320 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 0a61 s which can be.a\n-0001f810: 6363 6573 7365 6420 6279 2042 494f 532e ccessed by BIOS.\n-0001f820: 2042 6563 6175 7365 206f 6620 4249 4f53 Because of BIOS\n-0001f830: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 4752 limitations, GR\n-0001f840: 5542 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6469 7374 696e UB cannot distin\n-0001f850: 6775 6973 680a 6265 7477 6565 6e20 4944 guish.between ID\n-0001f860: 452c 2045 5344 492c 2053 4353 492c 206f E, ESDI, SCSI, o\n-0001f870: 7220 6f74 6865 7273 2e20 2059 6f75 206d r others. You m\n-0001f880: 7573 7420 6b6e 6f77 2079 6f75 7273 656c ust know yoursel\n-0001f890: 6620 7768 6963 6820 4249 4f53 0a64 6576 f which BIOS.dev\n-0001f8a0: 6963 6520 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e ice is equivalen\n-0001f8b0: 7420 746f 2077 6869 6368 204f 5320 6465 t to which OS de\n-0001f8c0: 7669 6365 2e20 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c vice. Normally,\n-0001f8d0: 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636c that will be cl\n-0001f8e0: 6561 720a 6966 2079 6f75 2073 6565 2074 ear.if you see t\n-0001f8f0: 6865 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6120 6465 he files in a de\n-0001f900: 7669 6365 206f 7220 7573 6520 7468 6520 vice or use the \n-0001f910: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 command ...searc\n-0001f920: 68e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 7365 6172 h... (*note.sear\n-0001f930: 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a ch::)...* Menu:.\n-0001f940: 0a2a 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 .* Device syntax\n-0001f950: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0001f960: 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 How to specify \n-0001f970: 6465 7669 6365 730a 2a20 4669 6c65 206e devices.* File n\n-0001f980: 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 ame syntax:: \n-0001f990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2073 How to s\n-0001f9a0: 7065 6369 6679 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2042 pecify files.* B\n-0001f9b0: 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 lock list syntax\n-0001f9c0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 :: How\n-0001f9d0: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 626c 6f63 to specify bloc\n-0001f9e0: 6b20 6c69 7374 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a k lists....File:\n-0001f9f0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0001fa00: 653a 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 e: Device syntax\n-0001fa10: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 696c 6520 6e61 , Next: File na\n-0001fa20: 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5570 3a20 me syntax, Up: \n-0001fa30: 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a0a 3133 2e31 Filesystem..13.1\n-0001fa40: 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 How to specify \n-0001fa50: 6465 7669 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d devices.========\n-0001fa60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0001fa70: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 ===..The device \n-0001fa80: 7379 6e74 6178 2069 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 syntax is like t\n-0001fa90: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 his:.. (DEVI\n-0001faa0: 4345 5b2c 5041 5254 4d41 502d 4e41 4d45 CE[,PARTMAP-NAME\n-0001fab0: 3150 4152 542d 4e55 4d31 5b2c 5041 5254 1PART-NUM1[,PART\n-0001fac0: 4d41 502d 4e41 4d45 3250 4152 542d 4e55 MAP-NAME2PART-NU\n-0001fad0: 4d32 5b2c 2e2e 2e5d 5d5d 290a 0a20 2020 M2[,...]]]).. \n-0001fae0: e280 985b 5de2 8099 206d 6561 6e73 2074 ...[]... means t\n-0001faf0: 6865 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2069 7320 he parameter is \n-0001fb00: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2e20 2044 4556 4943 optional. DEVIC\n-0001fb10: 4520 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 E depends on the\n-0001fb20: 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 6572 2069 6e20 disk.driver in \n-0001fb30: 7573 652e 2020 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 use. BIOS and E\n-0001fb40: 4649 2064 6973 6b73 2075 7365 2065 6974 FI disks use eit\n-0001fb50: 6865 7220 e280 9866 64e2 8099 206f 7220 her ...fd... or \n-0001fb60: e280 9868 64e2 8099 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 ...hd... followe\n-0001fb70: 6420 6279 2061 0a64 6967 6974 2c20 6c69 d by a.digit, li\n-0001fb80: 6b65 20e2 8098 6664 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 ke ...fd0..., or\n-0001fb90: 20e2 8098 6364 e280 992e 2020 4148 4349 ...cd.... AHCI\n-0001fba0: 2c20 5041 5441 2028 6174 6129 2c20 6372 , PATA (ata), cr\n-0001fbb0: 7970 746f 2c20 5553 4220 7573 6520 7468 ypto, USB use th\n-0001fbc0: 6520 6e61 6d65 0a6f 6620 6472 6976 6572 e name.of driver\n-0001fbd0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2061 206e followed by a n\n-0001fbe0: 756d 6265 722e 2020 4d65 6d64 6973 6b20 umber. Memdisk \n-0001fbf0: 616e 6420 686f 7374 2061 7265 206c 696d and host are lim\n-0001fc00: 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6f6e 650a 6469 736b ited to one.disk\n-0001fc10: 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 6974 2773 2072 6566 and so it's ref\n-0001fc20: 6572 6564 206a 7573 7420 6279 2064 7269 ered just by dri\n-0001fc30: 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 2e20 2052 4149 4420 ver name. RAID \n-0001fc40: 286d 6429 2c20 6f66 6469 736b 0a28 6965 (md), ofdisk.(ie\n-0001fc50: 6565 3132 3735 2061 6e64 206e 616e 6429 ee1275 and nand)\n-0001fc60: 2c20 4c56 4d20 286c 766d 292c 204c 444d , LVM (lvm), LDM\n-0001fc70: 2c20 7669 7274 696f 2028 7664 736b 2920 , virtio (vdsk) \n-0001fc80: 616e 6420 6172 6364 6973 6b20 2861 7263 and arcdisk (arc\n-0001fc90: 2920 7573 650a 696e 7472 696e 7369 6320 ) use.intrinsic \n-0001fca0: 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6469 736b 2070 7265 name of disk pre\n-0001fcb0: 6669 7865 6420 6279 2064 7269 7665 7220 fixed by driver \n-0001fcc0: 6e61 6d65 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 name. Additiona\n-0001fcd0: 6c6c 7920 6a75 7374 0a22 6e61 6e64 2220 lly just.\"nand\" \n-0001fce0: 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6469 refers to the di\n-0001fcf0: 736b 2061 6c69 6173 6564 2061 7320 226e sk aliased as \"n\n-0001fd00: 616e 6422 2e20 2043 6f6e 666c 6963 7473 and\". Conflicts\n-0001fd10: 2061 7265 2073 6f6c 7665 6420 6279 0a73 are solved by.s\n-0001fd20: 7566 6669 7869 6e67 2061 206e 756d 6265 uffixing a numbe\n-0001fd30: 7220 6966 206e 6563 6573 7361 7272 792e r if necessarry.\n-0001fd40: 2020 436f 6d6d 6173 206e 6565 6420 746f Commas need to\n-0001fd50: 2062 6520 6573 6361 7065 642e 2020 4c6f be escaped. Lo\n-0001fd60: 6f70 6261 636b 0a75 7365 7320 7768 6174 opback.uses what\n-0001fd70: 6576 6572 206e 616d 6520 7370 6563 6966 ever name specif\n-0001fd80: 6965 6420 746f 20e2 8098 6c6f 6f70 6261 ied to ...loopba\n-0001fd90: 636b e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 ck... command. \n-0001fda0: 486f 7374 6469 736b 2075 7365 7320 6e61 Hostdisk uses na\n-0001fdb0: 6d65 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e mes.specified in\n-0001fdc0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 6d61 7020 6173 206c device.map as l\n-0001fdd0: 6f6e 6720 6173 2069 7427 7320 6f66 2074 ong as it's of t\n-0001fde0: 6865 2066 6f72 6d20 5b66 6863 5d64 5b30 he form [fhc]d[0\n-0001fdf0: 2d39 5d2a 206f 720a 686f 7374 6469 736b -9]* or.hostdisk\n-0001fe00: 2f3c 4f53 2044 4556 4943 453e 2e20 2046 /. F\n-0001fe10: 6f72 2063 7279 7074 6f20 616e 6420 5241 or crypto and RA\n-0001fe20: 4944 2028 6d64 2920 6164 6469 7469 6f6e ID (md) addition\n-0001fe30: 616c 6c79 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 ally you can use\n-0001fe40: 0a74 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 3c64 7269 .the syntax uuid/. For LVM a\n-0001fe70: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 dditionally you \n-0001fe80: 6361 6e20 7573 650a 7468 6520 7379 6e74 can use.the synt\n-0001fe90: 6178 206c 766d 6964 2f3c 766f 6c75 6d65 ax lvmid//... \n-0001fec0: 2020 2866 6430 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 (fd0). (hd\n-0001fed0: 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2863 6429 0a20 2020 0). (cd). \n-0001fee0: 2020 2861 6863 6930 290a 2020 2020 2028 (ahci0). (\n-0001fef0: 6174 6130 290a 2020 2020 2028 6372 7970 ata0). (cryp\n-0001ff00: 746f 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2875 7362 3029 to0). (usb0)\n-0001ff10: 0a20 2020 2020 2863 7279 7074 6f75 7569 . (cryptouui\n-0001ff20: 642f 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 d/123456789abcde\n-0001ff30: 6630 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 f0123456789abcde\n-0001ff40: 6630 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d64 7575 6964 f0). (mduuid\n-0001ff50: 2f31 3233 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 /123456789abcdef\n-0001ff60: 3031 3233 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 0123456789abcdef\n-0001ff70: 3029 0a20 2020 2020 286c 766d 2f73 7973 0). (lvm/sys\n-0001ff80: 7465 6d2d 726f 6f74 290a 2020 2020 2028 tem-root). (\n-0001ff90: 6c76 6d69 642f 4631 696b 6744 2d32 5245 lvmid/F1ikgD-2RE\n-0001ffa0: 532d 3330 3647 2d69 6c39 4d2d 3769 7761 S-306G-il9M-7iwa\n-0001ffb0: 2d34 4e4b 572d 4562 5631 4e56 2f65 4c47 -4NKW-EbV1NV/eLG\n-0001ffc0: 7543 512d 4c34 4b61 2d58 5567 522d 736a uCQ-L4Ka-XUgR-sj\n-0001ffd0: 744a 2d66 6663 682d 6261 6a72 2d66 434e tJ-ffch-bajr-fCN\n-0001ffe0: 667a 3529 0a20 2020 2020 286d 642f 6d79 fz5). (md/my\n-0001fff0: 7261 6964 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d64 2f30 raid). (md/0\n-00020000: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6965 6565 3132 3735 ). (ieee1275\n-00020010: 2f64 6973 6b32 290a 2020 2020 2028 6965 /disk2). (ie\n-00020020: 6565 3132 3735 2f2f 7063 6940 3166 5c2c ee1275//pci@1f\\,\n-00020030: 302f 6964 6540 642f 6469 736b 4032 290a 0/ide@d/disk@2).\n-00020040: 2020 2020 2028 6e61 6e64 290a 2020 2020 (nand). \n-00020050: 2028 6d65 6d64 6973 6b29 0a20 2020 2020 (memdisk). \n-00020060: 2868 6f73 7429 0a20 2020 2020 286d 796c (host). (myl\n-00020070: 6f6f 7029 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6f73 7464 oop). (hostd\n-00020080: 6973 6b2f 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 290a 0a20 isk//dev/sda).. \n-00020090: 2020 5041 5254 2d4e 554d 2072 6570 7265 PART-NUM repre\n-000200a0: 7365 6e74 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 sents the partit\n-000200b0: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4445 ion number of DE\n-000200c0: 5649 4345 2c20 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 VICE, starting f\n-000200d0: 726f 6d0a 6f6e 652e 2020 5041 5254 4e41 rom.one. PARTNA\n-000200e0: 4d45 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2062 ME is optional b\n-000200f0: 7574 2069 7320 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 ut is recommende\n-00020100: 6420 7369 6e63 6520 6469 736b 206d 6179 d since disk may\n-00020110: 2068 6176 650a 7365 7665 7261 6c20 746f have.several to\n-00020120: 702d 6c65 7665 6c20 7061 7274 6d61 7073 p-level partmaps\n-00020130: 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 . Specifying th\n-00020140: 6972 6420 616e 6420 6c61 7465 7220 636f ird and later co\n-00020150: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 796f 750a 6361 6e20 mponent you.can \n-00020160: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7375 6270 6172 access to subpar\n-00020170: 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 titions... The\n-00020180: 2073 796e 7461 7820 e280 9828 6864 3029 syntax ...(hd0)\n-00020190: e280 9920 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2075 ... represents u\n-000201a0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6e74 6972 6520 sing the entire \n-000201b0: 6469 736b 2028 6f72 2074 6865 204d 4252 disk (or the MBR\n-000201c0: 2077 6865 6e0a 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 when.installing\n-000201d0: 2047 5255 4229 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 GRUB), while th\n-000201e0: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 20e2 8098 2868 6430 e syntax ...(hd0\n-000201f0: 2c31 29e2 8099 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 ,1)... represent\n-00020200: 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 6669 7273 s using the firs\n-00020210: 740a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 t.partition of t\n-00020220: 6865 2064 6973 6b20 286f 7220 7468 6520 he disk (or the \n-00020230: 626f 6f74 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 boot sector of t\n-00020240: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2077 6865 he partition whe\n-00020250: 6e0a 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 n.installing GRU\n-00020260: 4229 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d B)... (hd0,m\n-00020270: 7364 6f73 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 sdos1). (hd0\n-00020280: 2c6d 7364 6f73 312c 6d73 646f 7335 290a ,msdos1,msdos5).\n-00020290: 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 (hd0,msdos1\n-000202a0: 2c62 7364 3329 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 ,bsd3). (hd0\n-000202b0: 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 290a 2020 2020 2028 ,netbsd1). (\n-000202c0: 6864 302c 6770 7431 290a 2020 2020 2028 hd0,gpt1). (\n-000202d0: 6864 302c 312c 3329 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 hd0,1,3).. If \n-000202e0: 796f 7520 656e 6162 6c65 6420 7468 6520 you enabled the \n-000202f0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 7375 7070 6f72 742c network support,\n-00020300: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 7269 the special dri\n-00020310: 7665 730a e280 9828 5052 4f54 4f43 4f4c ves....(PROTOCOL\n-00020320: 5b2c 5345 5256 4552 5d29 e280 9920 6172 [,SERVER])... ar\n-00020330: 6520 616c 736f 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 e also available\n-00020340: 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 2070 726f . Supported pro\n-00020350: 746f 636f 6c73 2061 7265 0ae2 8098 6874 tocols are....ht\n-00020360: 7470 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9874 6674 tp... and ...tft\n-00020370: 70e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 5345 5256 4552 p.... If SERVER\n-00020380: 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2076 616c is omitted, val\n-00020390: 7565 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ue of environmen\n-000203a0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0ae2 8098 6e65 t variable....ne\n-000203b0: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 t_default_server\n-000203c0: e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 642e 2020 4265 ... is used. Be\n-000203d0: 666f 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206e fore using the n\n-000203e0: 6574 776f 726b 2064 7269 7665 2c20 796f etwork drive, yo\n-000203f0: 7520 6d75 7374 0a69 6e69 7469 616c 697a u must.initializ\n-00020400: 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2e 2020 e the network. \n-00020410: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2c *Note Network::,\n-00020420: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d for more inform\n-00020430: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 ation... When \n-00020440: 7573 696e 6720 e280 9868 7474 70e2 8099 using ...http...\n-00020450: 206f 7220 e280 9874 6674 70e2 8099 2c20 or ...tftp..., \n-00020460: 706f 7274 7320 6f74 6865 7220 7468 616e ports other than\n-00020470: 20e2 8098 3830 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6265 ...80... can be\n-00020480: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a75 7369 6e67 specified.using\n-00020490: 2061 2063 6f6c 6f6e 2028 e280 983a e280 a colon (...:..\n-000204a0: 9929 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 2061 6464 .) after the add\n-000204b0: 7265 7373 2e20 2054 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 ress. To avoid \n-000204c0: 7061 7273 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6c69 6374 parsing conflict\n-000204d0: 732c 2077 6865 6e0a 7573 696e 6720 4950 s, when.using IP\n-000204e0: 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 2077 6974 v6 addresses wit\n-000204f0: 6820 6375 7374 6f6d 2070 6f72 7473 2c20 h custom ports, \n-00020500: 7468 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 7320 6d75 the addresses mu\n-00020510: 7374 2062 6520 656e 636c 6f73 6564 0a77 st be enclosed.w\n-00020520: 6974 6820 7371 7561 7265 2062 7261 636b ith square brack\n-00020530: 6574 7320 28e2 8098 5b5d e280 9929 2c20 ets (...[]...), \n-00020540: 6173 2069 7320 7374 616e 6461 7264 2070 as is standard p\n-00020550: 7261 6374 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 ractice... (\n-00020560: 6874 7470 2c67 7275 622e 6578 616d 706c http,grub.exampl\n-00020570: 652e 636f 6d3a 3331 3333 3729 0a20 2020 e.com:31337). \n-00020580: 2020 2868 7474 702c 3139 322e 302e 322e (http,192.0.2.\n-00020590: 313a 3333 3929 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 1:339). (htt\n-000205a0: 702c 5b32 3030 313a 6462 383a 3a31 5d3a p,[2001:db8::1]:\n-000205b0: 3131 3233 3529 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 11235).. If yo\n-000205c0: 7520 626f 6f74 2047 5255 4220 6672 6f6d u boot GRUB from\n-000205d0: 2061 2043 442d 524f 4d2c 20e2 8098 2863 a CD-ROM, ...(c\n-000205e0: 6429 e280 9920 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 d)... is availab\n-000205f0: 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e le. *Note Makin\n-00020600: 6720 610a 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a.GRUB bootabl\n-00020610: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 e CD-ROM::, for \n-00020620: 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 details.....File\n-00020630: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00020640: 6465 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 de: File name sy\n-00020650: 6e74 6178 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 6c6f ntax, Next: Blo\n-00020660: 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 ck list syntax, \n-00020670: 2050 7265 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 Prev: Device sy\n-00020680: 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 ntax, Up: Files\n-00020690: 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3220 486f 7720 ystem..13.2 How \n-000206a0: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2066 696c 6573 to specify files\n-000206b0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-000206c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6572 ==========..Ther\n-000206d0: 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 e are two ways t\n-000206e0: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6669 6c65 732c o specify files,\n-000206f0: 2062 7920 e280 9c61 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 by ...absolute \n-00020700: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 65e2 809d 2061 6e64 file name... and\n-00020710: 2062 790a e280 9c62 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 by....block lis\n-00020720: 74e2 809d 2e0a 0a20 2020 416e 2061 6273 t...... An abs\n-00020730: 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 olute file name \n-00020740: 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 6120 556e 6978 resembles a Unix\n-00020750: 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e absolute file n\n-00020760: 616d 652c 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 2fe2 ame, using .../.\n-00020770: 8099 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 ...for the direc\n-00020780: 746f 7279 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2028 tory separator (\n-00020790: 6e6f 7420 e280 985c e280 9920 6173 2069 not ...\\... as i\n-000207a0: 6e20 444f 5329 2e20 4f6e 6520 6578 616d n DOS). One exam\n-000207b0: 706c 6520 6973 0ae2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 ple is....(hd0,1\n-000207c0: 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 )/boot/grub/grub\n-000207d0: 2e63 6667 e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d .cfg.... This m\n-000207e0: 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 e280 eans the file ..\n-000207f0: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 ./boot/grub/grub\n-00020800: 2e63 6667 e280 990a 696e 2074 6865 2066 .cfg....in the f\n-00020810: 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f irst partition o\n-00020820: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 f the first hard\n-00020830: 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206f disk. If you o\n-00020840: 6d69 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 0a6e mit the device.n\n-00020850: 616d 6520 696e 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 ame in an absolu\n-00020860: 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 4752 te file name, GR\n-00020870: 5542 2075 7365 7320 4752 5542 2773 20e2 UB uses GRUB's .\n-00020880: 809c 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 65e2 809d ..root device...\n-00020890: 0a69 6d70 6c69 6369 746c 792e 2020 536f .implicitly. So\n-000208a0: 2069 6620 796f 7520 7365 7420 7468 6520 if you set the \n-000208b0: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2c20 root device to, \n-000208c0: 7361 792c 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c31 29e2 say, ...(hd1,1).\n-000208d0: 8099 2062 7920 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e .. by the.comman\n-000208e0: 6420 e280 9873 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 d ...set root=(h\n-000208f0: 6431 2c31 29e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 d1,1)... (*note \n-00020900: 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 8098 set::), then ...\n-00020910: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 /boot/kernel... \n-00020920: 6973 2074 6865 0a73 616d 6520 6173 20e2 is the.same as .\n-00020930: 8098 2868 6431 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f6b ..(hd1,1)/boot/k\n-00020940: 6572 6e65 6ce2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e ernel...... On\n-00020950: 205a 4653 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 ZFS filesystem \n-00020960: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7468 2063 the first path c\n-00020970: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206d 7573 7420 6265 omponent must be\n-00020980: 0a56 4f4c 554d 45e2 8098 40e2 8099 5b53 .VOLUME...@...[S\n-00020990: 4e41 5053 484f 545d 2e20 2053 6f20 e280 NAPSHOT]. So ..\n-000209a0: 982f 726f 6f74 766f 6c40 736e 6170 2d31 ./rootvol@snap-1\n-000209b0: 3239 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 29/boot/grub/gru\n-000209c0: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2072 6566 6572 730a b.cfg... refers.\n-000209d0: 746f 2066 696c 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 to file .../boot\n-000209e0: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 /grub/grub.cfg..\n-000209f0: 9920 696e 2073 6e61 7073 686f 7420 6f66 . in snapshot of\n-00020a00: 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 e280 9872 6f6f 7476 volume ...rootv\n-00020a10: 6f6c e280 9920 7769 7468 206e 616d 650a ol... with name.\n-00020a20: e280 9873 6e61 702d 3132 39e2 8099 2e20 ...snap-129.... \n-00020a30: 2054 7261 696c 696e 6720 e280 9840 e280 Trailing ...@..\n-00020a40: 9920 6166 7465 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 206e . after volume n\n-00020a50: 616d 6520 6973 206d 616e 6461 746f 7279 ame is mandatory\n-00020a60: 2065 7665 6e20 6966 0a73 6e61 7073 686f even if.snapsho\n-00020a70: 7420 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 t name is omitte\n-00020a80: 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 d.....File: grub\n-00020a90: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 426c .info, Node: Bl\n-00020aa0: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 782c ock list syntax,\n-00020ab0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d Prev: File nam\n-00020ac0: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 e syntax, Up: F\n-00020ad0: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3320 ilesystem..13.3 \n-00020ae0: 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2062 How to specify b\n-00020af0: 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d lock lists.=====\n+0001f7c0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 ****..GRUB uses \n+0001f7d0: 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7379 6e74 6178 a special syntax\n+0001f7e0: 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 for specifying \n+0001f7f0: 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7320 7768 6963 disk drives whic\n+0001f800: 6820 6361 6e20 6265 0a61 6363 6573 7365 h can be.accesse\n+0001f810: 6420 6279 2042 494f 532e 2042 6563 6175 d by BIOS. Becau\n+0001f820: 7365 206f 6620 4249 4f53 206c 696d 6974 se of BIOS limit\n+0001f830: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 4752 5542 2063 616e ations, GRUB can\n+0001f840: 6e6f 7420 6469 7374 696e 6775 6973 680a not distinguish.\n+0001f850: 6265 7477 6565 6e20 4944 452c 2045 5344 between IDE, ESD\n+0001f860: 492c 2053 4353 492c 206f 7220 6f74 6865 I, SCSI, or othe\n+0001f870: 7273 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 7420 6b6e rs. You must kn\n+0001f880: 6f77 2079 6f75 7273 656c 6620 7768 6963 ow yourself whic\n+0001f890: 6820 4249 4f53 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6973 h BIOS.device is\n+0001f8a0: 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f 2077 equivalent to w\n+0001f8b0: 6869 6368 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 2e20 hich OS device. \n+0001f8c0: 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2074 6861 7420 Normally, that \n+0001f8d0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636c 6561 720a 6966 will be clear.if\n+0001f8e0: 2079 6f75 2073 6565 2074 6865 2066 696c you see the fil\n+0001f8f0: 6573 2069 6e20 6120 6465 7669 6365 206f es in a device o\n+0001f900: 7220 7573 6520 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e r use the comman\n+0001f910: 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2028 d ...search... (\n+0001f920: 2a6e 6f74 650a 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e *note.search::).\n+0001f930: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2044 6576 ..* Menu:..* Dev\n+0001f940: 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 ice syntax:: \n+0001f950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 How t\n+0001f960: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6465 7669 6365 o specify device\n+0001f970: 730a 2a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 s.* File name sy\n+0001f980: 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ntax:: \n+0001f990: 2020 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 How to specify\n+0001f9a0: 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c files.* Block l\n+0001f9b0: 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2020 2020 ist syntax:: \n+0001f9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 How to sp\n+0001f9d0: 6563 6966 7920 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 ecify block list\n+0001f9e0: 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e s....File: grub.\n+0001f9f0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2044 6576 info, Node: Dev\n+0001fa00: 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 204e 6578 ice syntax, Nex\n+0001fa10: 743a 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e t: File name syn\n+0001fa20: 7461 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 tax, Up: Filesy\n+0001fa30: 7374 656d 0a0a 3133 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 stem..13.1 How t\n+0001fa40: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6465 7669 6365 o specify device\n+0001fa50: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n+0001fa60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n+0001fa70: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 he device syntax\n+0001fa80: 2069 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a is like this:..\n+0001fa90: 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 5b2c 5041 (DEVICE[,PA\n+0001faa0: 5254 4d41 502d 4e41 4d45 3150 4152 542d RTMAP-NAME1PART-\n+0001fab0: 4e55 4d31 5b2c 5041 5254 4d41 502d 4e41 NUM1[,PARTMAP-NA\n+0001fac0: 4d45 3250 4152 542d 4e55 4d32 5b2c 2e2e ME2PART-NUM2[,..\n+0001fad0: 2e5d 5d5d 290a 0a20 2020 e280 985b 5de2 .]]]).. ...[].\n+0001fae0: 8099 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6865 2070 6172 .. means the par\n+0001faf0: 616d 6574 6572 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e ameter is option\n+0001fb00: 616c 2e20 2044 4556 4943 4520 6465 7065 al. DEVICE depe\n+0001fb10: 6e64 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b0a nds on the disk.\n+0001fb20: 6472 6976 6572 2069 6e20 7573 652e 2020 driver in use. \n+0001fb30: 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 2064 6973 BIOS and EFI dis\n+0001fb40: 6b73 2075 7365 2065 6974 6865 7220 e280 ks use either ..\n+0001fb50: 9866 64e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 64e2 .fd... or ...hd.\n+0001fb60: 8099 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2061 .. followed by a\n+0001fb70: 0a64 6967 6974 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 .digit, like ...\n+0001fb80: 6664 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6364 fd0..., or ...cd\n+0001fb90: e280 992e 2020 4148 4349 2c20 5041 5441 .... AHCI, PATA\n+0001fba0: 2028 6174 6129 2c20 6372 7970 746f 2c20 (ata), crypto, \n+0001fbb0: 5553 4220 7573 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 USB use the name\n+0001fbc0: 0a6f 6620 6472 6976 6572 2066 6f6c 6c6f .of driver follo\n+0001fbd0: 7765 6420 6279 2061 206e 756d 6265 722e wed by a number.\n+0001fbe0: 2020 4d65 6d64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 686f Memdisk and ho\n+0001fbf0: 7374 2061 7265 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 st are limited t\n+0001fc00: 6f20 6f6e 650a 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2073 o one.disk and s\n+0001fc10: 6f20 6974 2773 2072 6566 6572 6564 206a o it's refered j\n+0001fc20: 7573 7420 6279 2064 7269 7665 7220 6e61 ust by driver na\n+0001fc30: 6d65 2e20 2052 4149 4420 286d 6429 2c20 me. RAID (md), \n+0001fc40: 6f66 6469 736b 0a28 6965 6565 3132 3735 ofdisk.(ieee1275\n+0001fc50: 2061 6e64 206e 616e 6429 2c20 4c56 4d20 and nand), LVM \n+0001fc60: 286c 766d 292c 204c 444d 2c20 7669 7274 (lvm), LDM, virt\n+0001fc70: 696f 2028 7664 736b 2920 616e 6420 6172 io (vdsk) and ar\n+0001fc80: 6364 6973 6b20 2861 7263 2920 7573 650a cdisk (arc) use.\n+0001fc90: 696e 7472 696e 7369 6320 6e61 6d65 206f intrinsic name o\n+0001fca0: 6620 6469 736b 2070 7265 6669 7865 6420 f disk prefixed \n+0001fcb0: 6279 2064 7269 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 2e20 by driver name. \n+0001fcc0: 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 6a75 Additionally ju\n+0001fcd0: 7374 0a22 6e61 6e64 2220 7265 6665 7273 st.\"nand\" refers\n+0001fce0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6469 736b 2061 6c69 to the disk ali\n+0001fcf0: 6173 6564 2061 7320 226e 616e 6422 2e20 ased as \"nand\". \n+0001fd00: 2043 6f6e 666c 6963 7473 2061 7265 2073 Conflicts are s\n+0001fd10: 6f6c 7665 6420 6279 0a73 7566 6669 7869 olved by.suffixi\n+0001fd20: 6e67 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 6966 206e ng a number if n\n+0001fd30: 6563 6573 7361 7272 792e 2020 436f 6d6d ecessarry. Comm\n+0001fd40: 6173 206e 6565 6420 746f 2062 6520 6573 as need to be es\n+0001fd50: 6361 7065 642e 2020 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b caped. Loopback\n+0001fd60: 0a75 7365 7320 7768 6174 6576 6572 206e .uses whatever n\n+0001fd70: 616d 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f ame specified to\n+0001fd80: 20e2 8098 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b e280 9920 ...loopback... \n+0001fd90: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 486f 7374 6469 command. Hostdi\n+0001fda0: 736b 2075 7365 7320 6e61 6d65 730a 7370 sk uses names.sp\n+0001fdb0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2064 6576 6963 ecified in devic\n+0001fdc0: 652e 6d61 7020 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 e.map as long as\n+0001fdd0: 2069 7427 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f72 it's of the for\n+0001fde0: 6d20 5b66 6863 5d64 5b30 2d39 5d2a 206f m [fhc]d[0-9]* o\n+0001fdf0: 720a 686f 7374 6469 736b 2f3c 4f53 2044 r.hostdisk/. For cry\n+0001fe10: 7074 6f20 616e 6420 5241 4944 2028 6d64 pto and RAID (md\n+0001fe20: 2920 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2079 ) additionally y\n+0001fe30: 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a74 6865 2073 ou can use.the s\n+0001fe40: 796e 7461 7820 3c64 7269 7665 7220 6e61 yntax uuid/. \n+0001fe60: 2046 6f72 204c 564d 2061 6464 6974 696f For LVM additio\n+0001fe70: 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 nally you can us\n+0001fe80: 650a 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 206c 766d e.the syntax lvm\n+0001fe90: 6964 2f3c 766f 6c75 6d65 2d67 726f 7570 id//... (fd0\n+0001fec0: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 3029 0a20 2020 ). (hd0). \n+0001fed0: 2020 2863 6429 0a20 2020 2020 2861 6863 (cd). (ahc\n+0001fee0: 6930 290a 2020 2020 2028 6174 6130 290a i0). (ata0).\n+0001fef0: 2020 2020 2028 6372 7970 746f 3029 0a20 (crypto0). \n+0001ff00: 2020 2020 2875 7362 3029 0a20 2020 2020 (usb0). \n+0001ff10: 2863 7279 7074 6f75 7569 642f 3132 3334 (cryptouuid/1234\n+0001ff20: 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 3132 3334 56789abcdef01234\n+0001ff30: 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 290a 2020 56789abcdef0). \n+0001ff40: 2020 2028 6d64 7575 6964 2f31 3233 3435 (mduuid/12345\n+0001ff50: 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 3031 3233 3435 6789abcdef012345\n+0001ff60: 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 3029 0a20 2020 6789abcdef0). \n+0001ff70: 2020 286c 766d 2f73 7973 7465 6d2d 726f (lvm/system-ro\n+0001ff80: 6f74 290a 2020 2020 2028 6c76 6d69 642f ot). (lvmid/\n+0001ff90: 4631 696b 6744 2d32 5245 532d 3330 3647 F1ikgD-2RES-306G\n+0001ffa0: 2d69 6c39 4d2d 3769 7761 2d34 4e4b 572d -il9M-7iwa-4NKW-\n+0001ffb0: 4562 5631 4e56 2f65 4c47 7543 512d 4c34 EbV1NV/eLGuCQ-L4\n+0001ffc0: 4b61 2d58 5567 522d 736a 744a 2d66 6663 Ka-XUgR-sjtJ-ffc\n+0001ffd0: 682d 6261 6a72 2d66 434e 667a 3529 0a20 h-bajr-fCNfz5). \n+0001ffe0: 2020 2020 286d 642f 6d79 7261 6964 290a (md/myraid).\n+0001fff0: 2020 2020 2028 6d64 2f30 290a 2020 2020 (md/0). \n+00020000: 2028 6965 6565 3132 3735 2f64 6973 6b32 (ieee1275/disk2\n+00020010: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6965 6565 3132 3735 ). (ieee1275\n+00020020: 2f2f 7063 6940 3166 5c2c 302f 6964 6540 //pci@1f\\,0/ide@\n+00020030: 642f 6469 736b 4032 290a 2020 2020 2028 d/disk@2). (\n+00020040: 6e61 6e64 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d65 6d64 nand). (memd\n+00020050: 6973 6b29 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6f73 7429 isk). (host)\n+00020060: 0a20 2020 2020 286d 796c 6f6f 7029 0a20 . (myloop). \n+00020070: 2020 2020 2868 6f73 7464 6973 6b2f 2f64 (hostdisk//d\n+00020080: 6576 2f73 6461 290a 0a20 2020 5041 5254 ev/sda).. PART\n+00020090: 2d4e 554d 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 -NUM represents \n+000200a0: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 the partition nu\n+000200b0: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4445 5649 4345 2c20 mber of DEVICE, \n+000200c0: 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d0a 6f6e starting from.on\n+000200d0: 652e 2020 5041 5254 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 e. PARTNAME is \n+000200e0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2062 7574 2069 7320 optional but is \n+000200f0: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 7369 6e63 recommended sinc\n+00020100: 6520 6469 736b 206d 6179 2068 6176 650a e disk may have.\n+00020110: 7365 7665 7261 6c20 746f 702d 6c65 7665 several top-leve\n+00020120: 6c20 7061 7274 6d61 7073 2e20 2053 7065 l partmaps. Spe\n+00020130: 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 6972 6420 616e cifying third an\n+00020140: 6420 6c61 7465 7220 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e d later componen\n+00020150: 7420 796f 750a 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 t you.can access\n+00020160: 2074 6f20 7375 6270 6172 7469 7469 6f6e to subpartition\n+00020170: 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2073 796e 7461 s... 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(hd0,msdos\n+00020280: 312c 6d73 646f 7335 290a 2020 2020 2028 1,msdos5). (\n+00020290: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3329 hd0,msdos1,bsd3)\n+000202a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 . (hd0,netbs\n+000202b0: 6431 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6770 d1). (hd0,gp\n+000202c0: 7431 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 312c t1). (hd0,1,\n+000202d0: 3329 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 656e 3).. If you en\n+000202e0: 6162 6c65 6420 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 abled the networ\n+000202f0: 6b20 7375 7070 6f72 742c 2074 6865 2073 k support, the s\n+00020300: 7065 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 730a e280 pecial drives...\n+00020310: 9828 5052 4f54 4f43 4f4c 5b2c 5345 5256 .(PROTOCOL[,SERV\n+00020320: 4552 5d29 e280 9920 6172 6520 616c 736f ER])... are also\n+00020330: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2053 7570 available. Sup\n+00020340: 706f 7274 6564 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c73 ported protocols\n+00020350: 2061 7265 0ae2 8098 6874 7470 e280 9920 are....http... \n+00020360: 616e 6420 e280 9874 6674 70e2 8099 2e20 and ...tftp.... \n+00020370: 2049 6620 5345 5256 4552 2069 7320 6f6d If SERVER is om\n+00020380: 6974 7465 642c 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 itted, value of \n+00020390: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+000203a0: 6162 6c65 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 able....net_defa\n+000203b0: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e280 9920 6973 ult_server... is\n+000203c0: 2075 7365 642e 2020 4265 666f 7265 2075 used. Before u\n+000203d0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b sing the network\n+000203e0: 2064 7269 7665 2c20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 drive, you must\n+000203f0: 0a69 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 7468 6520 .initialize the \n+00020400: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 network. *Note \n+00020410: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d Network::, for m\n+00020420: 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ore information.\n+00020430: 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 .. When using \n+00020440: e280 9868 7474 70e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 ...http... or ..\n+00020450: 9874 6674 70e2 8099 2c20 706f 7274 7320 .tftp..., ports \n+00020460: 6f74 6865 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 3830 other than ...80\n+00020470: e280 9920 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 ... can be speci\n+00020480: 6669 6564 0a75 7369 6e67 2061 2063 6f6c fied.using a col\n+00020490: 6f6e 2028 e280 983a e280 9929 2061 6674 on (...:...) aft\n+000204a0: 6572 2074 6865 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 er the address. \n+000204b0: 2054 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7061 7273 696e To avoid parsin\n+000204c0: 6720 636f 6e66 6c69 6374 732c 2077 6865 g conflicts, whe\n+000204d0: 6e0a 7573 696e 6720 4950 7636 2061 6464 n.using IPv6 add\n+000204e0: 7265 7373 6573 2077 6974 6820 6375 7374 resses with cust\n+000204f0: 6f6d 2070 6f72 7473 2c20 7468 6520 6164 om ports, the ad\n+00020500: 6472 6573 7365 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 dresses must be \n+00020510: 656e 636c 6f73 6564 0a77 6974 6820 7371 enclosed.with sq\n+00020520: 7561 7265 2062 7261 636b 6574 7320 28e2 uare brackets (.\n+00020530: 8098 5b5d e280 9929 2c20 6173 2069 7320 ..[]...), as is \n+00020540: 7374 616e 6461 7264 2070 7261 6374 6963 standard practic\n+00020550: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 2c67 e... (http,g\n+00020560: 7275 622e 6578 616d 706c 652e 636f 6d3a rub.example.com:\n+00020570: 3331 3333 3729 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 31337). (htt\n+00020580: 702c 3139 322e 302e 322e 313a 3333 3929 p,192.0.2.1:339)\n+00020590: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c 5b32 3030 . (http,[200\n+000205a0: 313a 6462 383a 3a31 5d3a 3131 3233 3529 1:db8::1]:11235)\n+000205b0: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 626f 6f74 .. If you boot\n+000205c0: 2047 5255 4220 6672 6f6d 2061 2043 442d GRUB from a CD-\n+000205d0: 524f 4d2c 20e2 8098 2863 6429 e280 9920 ROM, ...(cd)... \n+000205e0: 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 202a is available. *\n+000205f0: 4e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e 6720 610a 4752 Note Making a.GR\n+00020600: 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 UB bootable CD-R\n+00020610: 4f4d 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c OM::, for detail\n+00020620: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+00020630: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 .info, Node: Fi\n+00020640: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 le name syntax, \n+00020650: 204e 6578 743a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 Next: Block lis\n+00020660: 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2050 7265 763a t syntax, Prev:\n+00020670: 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 Device syntax, \n+00020680: 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a Up: Filesystem.\n+00020690: 0a31 332e 3220 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 .13.2 How to spe\n+000206a0: 6369 6679 2066 696c 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d cify files.=====\n+000206b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000206c0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 ====..There are \n+000206d0: 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 7370 6563 two ways to spec\n+000206e0: 6966 7920 6669 6c65 732c 2062 7920 e280 ify files, by ..\n+000206f0: 9c61 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e .absolute file n\n+00020700: 616d 65e2 809d 2061 6e64 2062 790a e280 ame... and by...\n+00020710: 9c62 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 74e2 809d 2e0a .block list.....\n+00020720: 0a20 2020 416e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 . An absolute \n+00020730: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7265 7365 6d62 file name resemb\n+00020740: 6c65 7320 6120 556e 6978 2061 6273 6f6c les a Unix absol\n+00020750: 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2075 ute file name, u\n+00020760: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 2fe2 8099 0a66 6f72 sing .../....for\n+00020770: 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2073 the directory s\n+00020780: 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2028 6e6f 7420 e280 eparator (not ..\n+00020790: 985c e280 9920 6173 2069 6e20 444f 5329 .\\... as in DOS)\n+000207a0: 2e20 4f6e 6520 6578 616d 706c 6520 6973 . One example is\n+000207b0: 0ae2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 ....(hd0,1)/boot\n+000207c0: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 /grub/grub.cfg..\n+000207d0: 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 .. This means t\n+000207e0: 6865 2066 696c 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 he file .../boot\n+000207f0: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 /grub/grub.cfg..\n+00020800: 990a 696e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 ..in the first p\n+00020810: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 artition of the \n+00020820: 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e first hard disk.\n+00020830: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206f 6d69 7420 7468 If you omit th\n+00020840: 6520 6465 7669 6365 0a6e 616d 6520 696e e device.name in\n+00020850: 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c an absolute fil\n+00020860: 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 e name, GRUB use\n+00020870: 7320 4752 5542 2773 20e2 809c 726f 6f74 s GRUB's ...root\n+00020880: 2064 6576 6963 65e2 809d 0a69 6d70 6c69 device....impli\n+00020890: 6369 746c 792e 2020 536f 2069 6620 796f citly. So if yo\n+000208a0: 7520 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 u set the root d\n+000208b0: 6576 6963 6520 746f 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 evice to, say, .\n+000208c0: 8098 2868 6431 2c31 29e2 8099 2062 7920 ..(hd1,1)... by \n+000208d0: 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 the.command ...s\n+000208e0: 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6431 2c31 29e2 et root=(hd1,1).\n+000208f0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 743a 3a29 .. (*note set::)\n+00020900: 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f , then .../boot/\n+00020910: 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 6973 2074 6865 kernel... is the\n+00020920: 0a73 616d 6520 6173 20e2 8098 2868 6431 .same as ...(hd1\n+00020930: 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f6b 6572 6e65 6ce2 ,1)/boot/kernel.\n+00020940: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 205a 4653 2066 ..... On ZFS f\n+00020950: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7468 6520 6669 ilesystem the fi\n+00020960: 7273 7420 7061 7468 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 rst path compone\n+00020970: 6e74 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a56 4f4c 554d nt must be.VOLUM\n+00020980: 45e2 8098 40e2 8099 5b53 4e41 5053 484f E...@...[SNAPSHO\n+00020990: 545d 2e20 2053 6f20 e280 982f 726f 6f74 T]. So .../root\n+000209a0: 766f 6c40 736e 6170 2d31 3239 2f62 6f6f vol@snap-129/boo\n+000209b0: 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 t/grub/grub.cfg.\n+000209c0: 8099 2072 6566 6572 730a 746f 2066 696c .. refers.to fil\n+000209d0: 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f e .../boot/grub/\n+000209e0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 696e 2073 grub.cfg... in s\n+000209f0: 6e61 7073 686f 7420 6f66 2076 6f6c 756d napshot of volum\n+00020a00: 6520 e280 9872 6f6f 7476 6f6c e280 9920 e ...rootvol... \n+00020a10: 7769 7468 206e 616d 650a e280 9873 6e61 with name....sna\n+00020a20: 702d 3132 39e2 8099 2e20 2054 7261 696c p-129.... Trail\n+00020a30: 696e 6720 e280 9840 e280 9920 6166 7465 ing ...@... afte\n+00020a40: 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 206e 616d 6520 6973 r volume name is\n+00020a50: 206d 616e 6461 746f 7279 2065 7665 6e20 mandatory even \n+00020a60: 6966 0a73 6e61 7073 686f 7420 6e61 6d65 if.snapshot name\n+00020a70: 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a is omitted.....\n+00020a80: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00020a90: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 Node: Block li\n+00020aa0: 7374 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5072 6576 st syntax, Prev\n+00020ab0: 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 : File name synt\n+00020ac0: 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 ax, Up: Filesys\n+00020ad0: 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3320 486f 7720 746f tem..13.3 How to\n+00020ae0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2062 6c6f 636b 206c specify block l\n+00020af0: 6973 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ists.===========\n 00020b00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00020b10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4120 626c ==========..A bl\n-00020b20: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2069 7320 7573 6564 ock list is used\n-00020b30: 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 for specifying \n-00020b40: 6120 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 646f 6573 a file that does\n-00020b50: 6e27 7420 6170 7065 6172 2069 6e20 7468 n't appear in th\n-00020b60: 650a 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6c69 e.filesystem, li\n-00020b70: 6b65 2061 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 ke a chainloader\n-00020b80: 2e20 2054 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 6973 . The syntax is\n-00020b90: 0ae2 8098 5b4f 4646 5345 545d 2b5b 4c45 ....[OFFSET]+[LE\n-00020ba0: 4e47 5448 5d5b 2c5b 4f46 4653 4554 5d2b NGTH][,[OFFSET]+\n-00020bb0: 5b4c 454e 4754 485d 5d2e 2e2e e280 992e [LENGTH]].......\n-00020bc0: 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 Here is an exa\n-00020bd0: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 302b 3130 mple:.. 0+10\n-00020be0: 302c 3230 302b 312c 3330 302b 3330 302c 0,200+1,300+300,\n-00020bf0: 3830 302b 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7265 800+.. This re\n-00020c00: 7072 6573 656e 7473 2074 6861 7420 4752 presents that GR\n-00020c10: 5542 2073 686f 756c 6420 7265 6164 2062 UB should read b\n-00020c20: 6c6f 636b 7320 3020 7468 726f 7567 6820 locks 0 through \n-00020c30: 3939 2c20 626c 6f63 6b20 3230 302c 0a62 99, block 200,.b\n-00020c40: 6c6f 636b 7320 3330 3020 7468 726f 7567 locks 300 throug\n-00020c50: 6820 3539 392c 2061 6e64 2062 6c6f 636b h 599, and block\n-00020c60: 7320 3830 3020 756e 7469 6c20 7468 6520 s 800 until the \n-00020c70: 656e 6420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 end of the devic\n-00020c80: 652e 2020 4966 0a79 6f75 206f 6d69 7420 e. If.you omit \n-00020c90: 616e 206f 6666 7365 742c 2074 6865 6e20 an offset, then \n-00020ca0: 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 2074 6865 GRUB assumes the\n-00020cb0: 206f 6666 7365 7420 6973 207a 6572 6f2e offset is zero.\n-00020cc0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 206c 656e 6774 680a If the length.\n-00020cd0: 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 656e is omitted, then\n-00020ce0: 2047 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 7320 7468 GRUB assumes th\n-00020cf0: 6520 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2065 7874 e block list ext\n-00020d00: 656e 6473 2075 6e74 696c 2074 6865 2065 ends until the e\n-00020d10: 6e64 206f 660a 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 nd of.the device\n-00020d20: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 2074 6865 2066 ... Like the f\n-00020d30: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 7820 ile name syntax \n-00020d40: 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 (*note File name\n-00020d50: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 6966 2061 syntax::), if a\n-00020d60: 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 0a64 6f65 7320 blocklist.does \n-00020d70: 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 6120 6465 not contain a de\n-00020d80: 7669 6365 206e 616d 652c 2074 6865 6e20 vice name, then \n-00020d90: 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 4752 5542 2773 GRUB uses GRUB's\n-00020da0: 20e2 809c 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 65e2 ...root device.\n-00020db0: 809d 2e20 2053 6f0a e280 9828 6864 302c ... So....(hd0,\n-00020dc0: 3229 2b31 e280 9920 6973 2074 6865 2073 2)+1... is the s\n-00020dd0: 616d 6520 6173 20e2 8098 2b31 e280 9920 ame as ...+1... \n-00020de0: 7768 656e 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 when the root de\n-00020df0: 7669 6365 2069 7320 e280 9828 6864 302c vice is ...(hd0,\n-00020e00: 3229 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 2)........File: \n-00020e10: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00020e20: 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 4e65 : Interface, Ne\n-00020e30: 7874 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742c xt: Environment,\n-00020e40: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 Prev: Filesyst\n-00020e50: 656d 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3134 em, Up: Top..14\n-00020e60: 2047 5255 4227 7320 7573 6572 2069 6e74 GRUB's user int\n-00020e70: 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a erface.*********\n-00020e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-00020e90: 0a47 5255 4220 6861 7320 626f 7468 2061 .GRUB has both a\n-00020ea0: 2073 696d 706c 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 simple menu int\n-00020eb0: 6572 6661 6365 2066 6f72 2063 686f 6f73 erface for choos\n-00020ec0: 696e 6720 7072 6573 6574 2065 6e74 7269 ing preset entri\n-00020ed0: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 610a 636f 6e66 6967 es from a.config\n-00020ee0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 616e uration file, an\n-00020ef0: 6420 6120 6869 6768 6c79 2066 6c65 7869 d a highly flexi\n-00020f00: 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 ble command-line\n-00020f10: 2066 6f72 2070 6572 666f 726d 696e 670a for performing.\n-00020f20: 616e 7920 6465 7369 7265 6420 636f 6d62 any desired comb\n-00020f30: 696e 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2062 6f6f 7420 ination of boot \n-00020f40: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 commands... GR\n-00020f50: 5542 206c 6f6f 6b73 2066 6f72 2069 7473 UB looks for its\n-00020f60: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-00020f70: 696c 6520 6173 2073 6f6f 6e20 6173 2069 ile as soon as i\n-00020f80: 7420 6973 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 4966 t is loaded. If\n-00020f90: 0a6f 6e65 2069 7320 666f 756e 642c 2074 .one is found, t\n-00020fa0: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6675 6c6c 206d 656e hen the full men\n-00020fb0: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6973 2061 u interface is a\n-00020fc0: 6374 6976 6174 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2077 ctivated using w\n-00020fd0: 6861 7465 7665 720a 656e 7472 6965 7320 hatever.entries \n-00020fe0: 7765 7265 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 were found in th\n-00020ff0: 6520 6669 6c65 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 e file. If you \n-00021000: 6368 6f6f 7365 2074 6865 20e2 809c 636f choose the ...co\n-00021010: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d20 6d65 mmand-line... me\n-00021020: 6e75 0a6f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 6966 nu.option, or if\n-00021030: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 the configurati\n-00021040: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 on file was not \n-00021050: 666f 756e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 found, then GRUB\n-00021060: 2064 726f 7073 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 636f drops to.the co\n-00021070: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 mmand-line inter\n-00021080: 6661 6365 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a face...* Menu:..\n-00021090: 2a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 * Command-line i\n-000210a0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 nterface:: \n-000210b0: 5468 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2063 6f6d The flexible com\n-000210c0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n-000210d0: 6163 650a 2a20 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 ace.* Menu inter\n-000210e0: 6661 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 face:: \n-000210f0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7369 6d70 6c65 206d The simple m\n-00021100: 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2a20 enu interface.* \n-00021110: 4d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2065 6469 746f Menu entry edito\n-00021120: 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4564 r:: Ed\n-00021130: 6974 696e 6720 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 iting a menu ent\n-00021140: 7279 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ry....File: grub\n-00021150: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f .info, Node: Co\n-00021160: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 mmand-line inter\n-00021170: 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 656e face, Next: Men\n-00021180: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 u interface, Up\n-00021190: 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a31 342e : Interface..14.\n-000211a0: 3120 5468 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2063 1 The flexible c\n-000211b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 ommand-line inte\n-000211c0: 7266 6163 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d rface.==========\n+00020b10: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4120 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 ====..A block li\n+00020b20: 7374 2069 7320 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2073 st is used for s\n+00020b30: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 6120 6669 6c65 pecifying a file\n+00020b40: 2074 6861 7420 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6170 that doesn't ap\n+00020b50: 7065 6172 2069 6e20 7468 650a 6669 6c65 pear in the.file\n+00020b60: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6c69 6b65 2061 2063 system, like a c\n+00020b70: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 6865 hainloader. The\n+00020b80: 2073 796e 7461 7820 6973 0ae2 8098 5b4f syntax is....[O\n+00020b90: 4646 5345 545d 2b5b 4c45 4e47 5448 5d5b FFSET]+[LENGTH][\n+00020ba0: 2c5b 4f46 4653 4554 5d2b 5b4c 454e 4754 ,[OFFSET]+[LENGT\n+00020bb0: 485d 5d2e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 4865 7265 H]]....... Here\n+00020bc0: 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a is an example:.\n+00020bd0: 0a20 2020 2020 302b 3130 302c 3230 302b . 0+100,200+\n+00020be0: 312c 3330 302b 3330 302c 3830 302b 0a0a 1,300+300,800+..\n+00020bf0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7265 7072 6573 656e This represen\n+00020c00: 7473 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2073 686f ts that GRUB sho\n+00020c10: 756c 6420 7265 6164 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 uld read blocks \n+00020c20: 3020 7468 726f 7567 6820 3939 2c20 626c 0 through 99, bl\n+00020c30: 6f63 6b20 3230 302c 0a62 6c6f 636b 7320 ock 200,.blocks \n+00020c40: 3330 3020 7468 726f 7567 6820 3539 392c 300 through 599,\n+00020c50: 2061 6e64 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 3830 3020 and blocks 800 \n+00020c60: 756e 7469 6c20 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 until the end of\n+00020c70: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 the device. If\n+00020c80: 0a79 6f75 206f 6d69 7420 616e 206f 6666 .you omit an off\n+00020c90: 7365 742c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2061 set, then GRUB a\n+00020ca0: 7373 756d 6573 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 ssumes the offse\n+00020cb0: 7420 6973 207a 6572 6f2e 2020 4966 2074 t is zero. If t\n+00020cc0: 6865 206c 656e 6774 680a 6973 206f 6d69 he length.is omi\n+00020cd0: 7474 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 tted, then GRUB \n+00020ce0: 6173 7375 6d65 7320 7468 6520 626c 6f63 assumes the bloc\n+00020cf0: 6b20 6c69 7374 2065 7874 656e 6473 2075 k list extends u\n+00020d00: 6e74 696c 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 660a ntil the end of.\n+00020d10: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 the device... \n+00020d20: 4c69 6b65 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 Like the file na\n+00020d30: 6d65 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 me syntax (*note\n+00020d40: 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 File name synta\n+00020d50: 783a 3a29 2c20 6966 2061 2062 6c6f 636b x::), if a block\n+00020d60: 6c69 7374 0a64 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f list.does not co\n+00020d70: 6e74 6169 6e20 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e ntain a device n\n+00020d80: 616d 652c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2075 ame, then GRUB u\n+00020d90: 7365 7320 4752 5542 2773 20e2 809c 726f ses GRUB's ...ro\n+00020da0: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 65e2 809d 2e20 2053 ot device.... 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GRUB loo\n+00020f50: 6b73 2066 6f72 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 6669 ks for its confi\n+00020f60: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6173 guration file as\n+00020f70: 2073 6f6f 6e20 6173 2069 7420 6973 206c soon as it is l\n+00020f80: 6f61 6465 642e 2020 4966 0a6f 6e65 2069 oaded. If.one i\n+00020f90: 7320 666f 756e 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 s found, then th\n+00020fa0: 6520 6675 6c6c 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 e full menu inte\n+00020fb0: 7266 6163 6520 6973 2061 6374 6976 6174 rface is activat\n+00020fc0: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2077 6861 7465 7665 ed using whateve\n+00020fd0: 720a 656e 7472 6965 7320 7765 7265 2066 r.entries were f\n+00020fe0: 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 ound in the file\n+00020ff0: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6368 6f6f 7365 . If you choose\n+00021000: 2074 6865 20e2 809c 636f 6d6d 616e 642d the ...command-\n+00021010: 6c69 6e65 e280 9d20 6d65 6e75 0a6f 7074 line... menu.opt\n+00021020: 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 6966 2074 6865 2063 ion, or if the c\n+00021030: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+00021040: 6520 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 666f 756e 642c e was not found,\n+00021050: 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2064 726f 7073 then GRUB drops\n+00021060: 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d to.the command-\n+00021070: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e0a line interface..\n+00021080: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 436f 6d6d .* Menu:..* Comm\n+00021090: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n+000210a0: 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666c ce:: The fl\n+000210b0: 6578 6962 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c exible command-l\n+000210c0: 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2a20 ine interface.* \n+000210d0: 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a Menu interface::\n+000210e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n+000210f0: 6520 7369 6d70 6c65 206d 656e 7520 696e e simple menu in\n+00021100: 7465 7266 6163 650a 2a20 4d65 6e75 2065 terface.* Menu e\n+00021110: 6e74 7279 2065 6469 746f 723a 3a20 2020 ntry editor:: \n+00021120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4564 6974 696e 6720 Editing \n+00021130: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 0a0a 1f0a a menu entry....\n+00021140: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00021150: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d Node: Command-\n+00021160: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 line interface, \n+00021170: 204e 6578 743a 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 Next: Menu inte\n+00021180: 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7465 rface, Up: Inte\n+00021190: 7266 6163 650a 0a31 342e 3120 5468 6520 rface..14.1 The \n+000211a0: 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 flexible command\n+000211b0: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a -line interface.\n+000211c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000211d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000211e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-000211f0: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 The command-line\n-00021200: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2070 726f 7669 interface provi\n-00021210: 6465 7320 6120 7072 6f6d 7074 2061 6e64 des a prompt and\n-00021220: 2061 6674 6572 2069 7420 616e 2065 6469 after it an edi\n-00021230: 7461 626c 650a 7465 7874 2061 7265 6120 table.text area \n-00021240: 6d75 6368 206c 696b 6520 6120 636f 6d6d much like a comm\n-00021250: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e20 556e 6978 and-line in Unix\n-00021260: 206f 7220 444f 532e 2045 6163 6820 636f or DOS. Each co\n-00021270: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a69 6d6d 6564 6961 mmand is.immedia\n-00021280: 7465 6c79 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 6166 tely executed af\n-00021290: 7465 7220 6974 2069 7320 656e 7465 7265 ter it is entere\n-000212a0: 6428 3129 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d d(1) (*note Comm\n-000212b0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 0a69 6e74 6572 6661 and-line.interfa\n-000212c0: 6365 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 ce-Footnote-1::)\n-000212d0: 2e20 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 . The commands \n-000212e0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a (*note Commands:\n-000212f0: 3a29 2061 7265 2061 2073 7562 7365 740a :) are a subset.\n-00021300: 6f66 2074 686f 7365 2061 7661 696c 6162 of those availab\n-00021310: 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 le in the config\n-00021320: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 uration file, us\n-00021330: 6564 2077 6974 6820 6578 6163 746c 7920 ed with exactly \n-00021340: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a73 796e 7461 782e the same.syntax.\n-00021350: 0a0a 2020 2043 7572 736f 7220 6d6f 7665 .. Cursor move\n-00021360: 6d65 6e74 2061 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 ment and editing\n-00021370: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 206f 6e20 of the text on \n-00021380: 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2063 616e 2062 6520 the line can be \n-00021390: 646f 6e65 2076 6961 2061 0a73 7562 7365 done via a.subse\n-000213a0: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f t of the functio\n-000213b0: 6e73 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 ns available in \n-000213c0: 7468 6520 4261 7368 2073 6865 6c6c 3a0a the Bash shell:.\n-000213d0: 0a3c 432d 663e 0a3c 5043 2072 6967 6874 ... Move \n-000213f0: 666f 7277 6172 6420 6f6e 6520 6368 6172 forward one char\n-00021400: 6163 7465 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d62 3e0a 3c50 acter..... \n-00021420: 204d 6f76 6520 6261 636b 206f 6e65 2063 Move back one c\n-00021430: 6861 7261 6374 6572 2e0a 0a3c 432d 613e haracter...\n-00021440: 0a3c 484f 4d45 3e0a 2020 2020 204d 6f76 .. 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Move up \n-00021620: 7468 726f 7567 6820 7468 6520 6869 7374 through the hist\n-00021630: 6f72 7920 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a3c 432d 6e3e ory list...\n-00021640: 0a3c 5043 2064 6f77 6e20 6b65 793e 0a20 .. \n-00021650: 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 2064 6f77 6e20 7468 Move down th\n-00021660: 726f 7567 6820 7468 6520 6869 7374 6f72 rough the histor\n-00021670: 7920 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e y list... When\n-00021680: 2074 7970 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 typing commands\n-00021690: 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 interactively, \n-000216a0: 6966 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 7220 6973 if the cursor is\n-000216b0: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6f72 2062 6566 6f72 within or befor\n-000216c0: 650a 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 e.the first word\n-000216d0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d in the command-\n-000216e0: 6c69 6e65 2c20 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2074 line, pressing t\n-000216f0: 6865 203c 5441 423e 206b 6579 2028 6f72 he key (or\n-00021700: 203c 432d 693e 290a 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 ).will dis\n-00021710: 706c 6179 2061 206c 6973 7469 6e67 206f play a listing o\n-00021720: 6620 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 f the available \n-00021730: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 616e 6420 6966 commands, and if\n-00021740: 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 7220 6973 0a61 the cursor is.a\n-00021750: 6674 6572 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2077 fter the first w\n-00021760: 6f72 642c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 3c54 4142 ord, the ...... will provid\n-00021780: 6520 6120 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 206c e a completion l\n-00021790: 6973 7469 6e67 206f 660a 6469 736b 732c isting of.disks,\n-000217a0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732c 2061 6e64 partitions, and\n-000217b0: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 file names depe\n-000217c0: 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e nding on the con\n-000217d0: 7465 7874 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 text. Note that\n-000217e0: 0a74 6f20 6f62 7461 696e 2061 206c 6973 .to obtain a lis\n-000217f0: 7420 6f66 2064 7269 7665 732c 206f 6e65 t of drives, one\n-00021800: 206d 7573 7420 6f70 656e 2061 2070 6172 must open a par\n-00021810: 656e 7468 6573 6973 2c20 6173 20e2 8098 enthesis, as ...\n-00021820: 726f 6f74 2028 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 204e root (...... N\n-00021830: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e ote that you can\n-00021840: 6e6f 7420 7573 6520 7468 6520 636f 6d70 not use the comp\n-00021850: 6c65 7469 6f6e 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 letion functiona\n-00021860: 6c69 7479 2069 6e20 7468 6520 5446 5450 lity in the TFTP\n-00021870: 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 5468 .filesystem. Th\n-00021880: 6973 2069 7320 6265 6361 7573 6520 5446 is is because TF\n-00021890: 5450 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2073 7570 706f TP doesn't suppo\n-000218a0: 7274 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206c 6973 rt file name lis\n-000218b0: 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 2073 6563 ting for.the sec\n-000218c0: 7572 6974 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 urity.....File: \n-000218d0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000218e0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 : Command-line i\n-000218f0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 nterface-Footnot\n-00021900: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 es, Up: Command\n-00021910: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a -line interface.\n-00021920: 0a20 2020 2831 2920 486f 7765 7665 722c . (1) However,\n-00021930: 2074 6869 7320 6265 6861 7669 6f72 2077 this behavior w\n-00021940: 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 2069 ill be changed i\n-00021950: 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2076 6572 n the future ver\n-00021960: 7369 6f6e 2c20 696e 0a61 2075 7365 722d sion, in.a user-\n-00021970: 696e 7669 7369 626c 6520 7761 792e 0a0a invisible way...\n-00021980: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00021990: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 2069 o, Node: Menu i\n-000219a0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a nterface, Next:\n-000219b0: 204d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 Menu entry edit\n-000219c0: 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 or, Prev: Comma\n-000219d0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 nd-line interfac\n-000219e0: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 e, Up: Interfac\n-000219f0: 650a 0a31 342e 3220 5468 6520 7369 6d70 e..14.2 The simp\n-00021a00: 6c65 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 le menu interfac\n-00021a10: 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d e.==============\n-00021a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00021a30: 0a0a 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 ..The menu inter\n-00021a40: 6661 6365 2069 7320 7175 6974 6520 6561 face is quite ea\n-00021a50: 7379 2074 6f20 7573 652e 2020 4974 7320 sy to use. Its \n-00021a60: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2062 6f74 commands are bot\n-00021a70: 680a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c79 2069 6e74 h.reasonably int\n-00021a80: 7569 7469 7665 2061 6e64 2064 6573 6372 uitive and descr\n-00021a90: 6962 6564 206f 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2e0a ibed on screen..\n-00021aa0: 0a20 2020 4261 7369 6361 6c6c 792c 2074 . Basically, t\n-00021ab0: 6865 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 he menu interfac\n-00021ac0: 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 206c 6973 e provides a lis\n-00021ad0: 7420 6f66 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 t of ...boot ent\n-00021ae0: 7269 6573 e280 9d20 746f 0a74 6865 2075 ries... to.the u\n-00021af0: 7365 7220 746f 2063 686f 6f73 6520 6672 ser to choose fr\n-00021b00: 6f6d 2e20 2055 7365 2074 6865 2061 7272 om. Use the arr\n-00021b10: 6f77 206b 6579 7320 746f 2073 656c 6563 ow keys to selec\n-00021b20: 7420 7468 6520 656e 7472 7920 6f66 0a63 t the entry of.c\n-00021b30: 686f 6963 652c 2074 6865 6e20 7072 6573 hoice, then pres\n-00021b40: 7320 3c52 4554 3e20 746f 2072 756e 2069 s to run i\n-00021b50: 742e 2020 416e 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 t. An optional \n-00021b60: 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6973 2061 7661 696c timeout is avail\n-00021b70: 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a 626f 6f74 2074 6865 able to.boot the\n-00021b80: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2028 default entry (\n-00021b90: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6f6e 6520 6966 the first one if\n-00021ba0: 206e 6f74 2073 6574 292c 2077 6869 6368 not set), which\n-00021bb0: 2069 7320 6162 6f72 7465 6420 6279 0a70 is aborted by.p\n-00021bc0: 7265 7373 696e 6720 616e 7920 6b65 792e ressing any key.\n-00021bd0: 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 .. Commands ar\n-00021be0: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2065 e available to e\n-00021bf0: 6e74 6572 2061 2062 6172 6520 636f 6d6d nter a bare comm\n-00021c00: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2062 7920 7072 6573 and-line by pres\n-00021c10: 7369 6e67 203c 633e 0a28 7768 6963 6820 sing .(which \n-00021c20: 6f70 6572 6174 6573 2065 7861 6374 6c79 operates exactly\n-00021c30: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6520 6e6f 6e2d 636f like the non-co\n-00021c40: 6e66 6967 2d66 696c 6520 7665 7273 696f nfig-file versio\n-00021c50: 6e20 6f66 2047 5255 422c 2062 7574 0a61 n of GRUB, but.a\n-00021c60: 6c6c 6f77 7320 6f6e 6520 746f 2072 6574 llows one to ret\n-00021c70: 7572 6e20 746f 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 urn to the menu \n-00021c80: 6966 2064 6573 6972 6564 2062 7920 7072 if desired by pr\n-00021c90: 6573 7369 6e67 203c 4553 433e 2920 6f72 essing ) or\n-00021ca0: 2074 6f0a 6564 6974 2061 6e79 206f 6620 to.edit any of \n-00021cb0: 7468 6520 e280 9c62 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 the ...boot entr\n-00021cc0: 6965 73e2 809d 2062 7920 7072 6573 7369 ies... by pressi\n-00021cd0: 6e67 203c 653e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 ng ... If y\n-00021ce0: 6f75 2070 726f 7465 6374 2074 6865 206d ou protect the m\n-00021cf0: 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7769 enu interface wi\n-00021d00: 7468 2061 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 282a th a password (*\n-00021d10: 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a29 note Security::)\n-00021d20: 2c0a 616c 6c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 646f ,.all you can do\n-00021d30: 2069 7320 6368 6f6f 7365 2061 6e20 656e is choose an en\n-00021d40: 7472 7920 6279 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 try by pressing \n-00021d50: 3c52 4554 3e2c 206f 7220 7072 6573 7320 , or press \n-00021d60: 3c70 3e20 746f 0a65 6e74 6572 2074 6865

to.enter the\n-00021d70: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642e 0a0a 2020 2050 password... P\n-00021d80: 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c43 7472 6c2d 6c3e ressing \n-00021d90: 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6672 6573 6820 7468 will refresh th\n-00021da0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 e menu, which ca\n-00021db0: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7768 656e n be useful when\n-00021dc0: 0a63 6f6e 6e65 6374 696e 6720 7669 6120 .connecting via \n-00021dd0: 7365 7269 616c 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 serial after the\n-00021de0: 206d 656e 7520 6861 7320 6265 656e 2064 menu has been d\n-00021df0: 7261 776e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rawn.....File: g\n-00021e00: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00021e10: 204d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 Menu entry edit\n-00021e20: 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 656e 7520 or, Prev: Menu \n-00021e30: 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 interface, Up: \n-00021e40: 496e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a31 342e 3320 Interface..14.3 \n-00021e50: 4564 6974 696e 6720 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 Editing a menu e\n-00021e60: 6e74 7279 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ntry.===========\n-00021e70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00021e80: 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2065 The menu entry e\n-00021e90: 6469 746f 7220 6c6f 6f6b 7320 6d75 6368 ditor looks much\n-00021ea0: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6520 6d61 696e 206d like the main m\n-00021eb0: 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2062 enu interface, b\n-00021ec0: 7574 2074 6865 0a6c 696e 6573 2069 6e20 ut the.lines in \n-00021ed0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 7265 2069 6e64 the menu are ind\n-00021ee0: 6976 6964 7561 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ividual commands\n-00021ef0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 in the selected\n-00021f00: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6e73 7465 6164 0a6f entry instead.o\n-00021f10: 6620 656e 7472 7920 6e61 6d65 732e 0a0a f entry names...\n-00021f20: 2020 2049 6620 616e 203c 4553 433e 2069 If an i\n-00021f30: 7320 7072 6573 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 s pressed in the\n-00021f40: 2065 6469 746f 722c 2069 7420 6162 6f72 editor, it abor\n-00021f50: 7473 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2063 6861 6e67 ts all the chang\n-00021f60: 6573 206d 6164 650a 746f 2074 6865 2063 es made.to the c\n-00021f70: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2065 6e74 onfiguration ent\n-00021f80: 7279 2061 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2074 ry and returns t\n-00021f90: 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 696e 206d 656e 7520 o the main menu \n-00021fa0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 652e 0a0a 2020 2045 interface... E\n-00021fb0: 6163 6820 6c69 6e65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 ach line in the \n-00021fc0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2063 616e 2062 menu entry can b\n-00021fd0: 6520 6564 6974 6564 2066 7265 656c 792c e edited freely,\n-00021fe0: 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2061 6464 and you can add\n-00021ff0: 206e 6577 0a6c 696e 6573 2062 7920 7072 new.lines by pr\n-00022000: 6573 7369 6e67 203c 5245 543e 2061 7420 essing at \n-00022010: 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2061 206c 696e the end of a lin\n-00022020: 652e 2020 546f 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 e. To boot the \n-00022030: 6564 6974 6564 2065 6e74 7279 2c0a 7072 edited entry,.pr\n-00022040: 6573 7320 3c43 7472 6c2d 783e 2e0a 0a20 ess ... \n-00022050: 2020 416c 7468 6f75 6768 2047 5255 4220 Although GRUB \n-00022060: 756e 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c 7920 646f unfortunately do\n-00022070: 6573 206e 6f74 2073 7570 706f 7274 20e2 es not support .\n-00022080: 809c 756e 646f e280 9d2c 2079 6f75 2063 ..undo..., you c\n-00022090: 616e 2064 6f0a 616c 6d6f 7374 2074 6865 an do.almost the\n-000220a0: 2073 616d 6520 7468 696e 6720 6279 206a same thing by j\n-000220b0: 7573 7420 7265 7475 726e 696e 6720 746f ust returning to\n-000220c0: 2074 6865 206d 6169 6e20 6d65 6e75 2075 the main menu u\n-000220d0: 7369 6e67 203c 4553 433e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 sing .....F\n-000220e0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000220f0: 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 Node: Environme\n-00022100: 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 6f64 756c nt, Next: Modul\n-00022110: 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e74 6572 es, Prev: Inter\n-00022120: 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a face, Up: Top..\n-00022130: 3135 2047 5255 4220 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 15 GRUB environm\n-00022140: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 2a2a ent variables.**\n+000211e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 636f ========..The co\n+000211f0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 mmand-line inter\n+00021200: 6661 6365 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 face provides a \n+00021210: 7072 6f6d 7074 2061 6e64 2061 6674 6572 prompt and after\n+00021220: 2069 7420 616e 2065 6469 7461 626c 650a it an editable.\n+00021230: 7465 7874 2061 7265 6120 6d75 6368 206c text area much l\n+00021240: 696b 6520 6120 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 ike a command-li\n+00021250: 6e65 2069 6e20 556e 6978 206f 7220 444f ne in Unix or DO\n+00021260: 532e 2045 6163 6820 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 S. Each command \n+00021270: 6973 0a69 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2065 is.immediately e\n+00021280: 7865 6375 7465 6420 6166 7465 7220 6974 xecuted after it\n+00021290: 2069 7320 656e 7465 7265 6428 3129 2028 is entered(1) (\n+000212a0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 *note Command-li\n+000212b0: 6e65 0a69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2d46 6f6f ne.interface-Foo\n+000212c0: 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 6865 tnote-1::). The\n+000212d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 commands (*note\n+000212e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 2061 7265 Commands::) are\n+000212f0: 2061 2073 7562 7365 740a 6f66 2074 686f a subset.of tho\n+00021300: 7365 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 se available in \n+00021310: 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f the configuratio\n+00021320: 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 6564 2077 6974 n file, used wit\n+00021330: 6820 6578 6163 746c 7920 7468 6520 7361 h exactly the sa\n+00021340: 6d65 0a73 796e 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 2043 me.syntax... C\n+00021350: 7572 736f 7220 6d6f 7665 6d65 6e74 2061 ursor movement a\n+00021360: 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f 6620 7468 nd editing of th\n+00021370: 6520 7465 7874 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6c69 e text on the li\n+00021380: 6e65 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 2076 ne can be done v\n+00021390: 6961 2061 0a73 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2074 ia a.subset of t\n+000213a0: 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2061 7661 he functions ava\n+000213b0: 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4261 ilable in the Ba\n+000213c0: 7368 2073 6865 6c6c 3a0a 0a3c 432d 663e sh shell:..\n+000213d0: 0a3c 5043 2072 6967 6874 206b 6579 3e0a ..\n+000213e0: 2020 2020 204d 6f76 6520 666f 7277 6172 Move forwar\n+000213f0: 6420 6f6e 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 722e d one character.\n+00021400: 0a0a 3c43 2d62 3e0a 3c50 4320 6c65 6674 .... Move \n+00021420: 6261 636b 206f 6e65 2063 6861 7261 6374 back one charact\n+00021430: 6572 2e0a 0a3c 432d 613e 0a3c 484f 4d45 er..... Move to t\n+00021450: 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 he start of the \n+00021460: 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 653e 0a3c 454e line..... Move the\n+00021480: 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6520 the end of the \n+00021490: 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 643e 0a3c 4445 line..... Delete t\n+000214b0: 6865 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2075 6e64 he character und\n+000214c0: 6572 6e65 6174 6820 7468 6520 6375 7273 erneath the curs\n+000214d0: 6f72 2e0a 0a3c 432d 683e 0a3c 4253 3e0a or.....\n+000214e0: 2020 2020 2044 656c 6574 6520 7468 6520 Delete the \n+000214f0: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 746f 2074 6865 character to the\n+00021500: 206c 6566 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 7572 left of the cur\n+00021510: 736f 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d6b 3e0a 2020 2020 sor.... \n+00021520: 204b 696c 6c20 7468 6520 7465 7874 2066 Kill the text f\n+00021530: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 rom the current \n+00021540: 6375 7273 6f72 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 cursor position \n+00021550: 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 to the end of th\n+00021560: 650a 2020 2020 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 3c43 e. line.... Kill ba\n+00021580: 636b 7761 7264 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 ckward from the \n+00021590: 6375 7273 6f72 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6265 cursor to the be\n+000215a0: 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 206c ginning of the l\n+000215b0: 696e 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d79 3e0a 2020 2020 ine.... \n+000215c0: 2059 616e 6b20 7468 6520 6b69 6c6c 6564 Yank the killed\n+000215d0: 2074 6578 7420 6261 636b 2069 6e74 6f20 text back into \n+000215e0: 7468 6520 6275 6666 6572 2061 7420 7468 the buffer at th\n+000215f0: 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2e0a 0a3c 432d 703e e cursor...\n+00021600: 0a3c 5043 2075 7020 6b65 793e 0a20 2020 .. \n+00021610: 2020 4d6f 7665 2075 7020 7468 726f 7567 Move up throug\n+00021620: 6820 7468 6520 6869 7374 6f72 7920 6c69 h the history li\n+00021630: 7374 2e0a 0a3c 432d 6e3e 0a3c 5043 2064 st..... Mo\n+00021650: 7665 2064 6f77 6e20 7468 726f 7567 6820 ve down through \n+00021660: 7468 6520 6869 7374 6f72 7920 6c69 7374 the history list\n+00021670: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2074 7970 696e ... When typin\n+00021680: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e74 6572 g commands inter\n+00021690: 6163 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 6966 2074 6865 actively, if the\n+000216a0: 2063 7572 736f 7220 6973 2077 6974 6869 cursor is withi\n+000216b0: 6e20 6f72 2062 6566 6f72 650a 7468 6520 n or before.the \n+000216c0: 6669 7273 7420 776f 7264 2069 6e20 7468 first word in th\n+000216d0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2c20 e command-line, \n+000216e0: 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 203c 5441 pressing the key (or \n+00021700: 290a 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2061 ).will display a\n+00021710: 206c 6973 7469 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 listing of the \n+00021720: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e available comman\n+00021730: 6473 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2074 6865 2063 ds, and if the c\n+00021740: 7572 736f 7220 6973 0a61 6674 6572 2074 ursor is.after t\n+00021750: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2077 6f72 642c 2074 he first word, t\n+00021760: 6865 20e2 8098 3c54 4142 3ee2 8099 2077 he ...... w\n+00021770: 696c 6c20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6120 636f ill provide a co\n+00021780: 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 206c 6973 7469 6e67 mpletion listing\n+00021790: 206f 660a 6469 736b 732c 2070 6172 7469 of.disks, parti\n+000217a0: 7469 6f6e 732c 2061 6e64 2066 696c 6520 tions, and file \n+000217b0: 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 names depending \n+000217c0: 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2e20 on the context. \n+000217d0: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 0a74 6f20 6f62 Note that.to ob\n+000217e0: 7461 696e 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 tain a list of d\n+000217f0: 7269 7665 732c 206f 6e65 206d 7573 7420 rives, one must \n+00021800: 6f70 656e 2061 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 open a parenthes\n+00021810: 6973 2c20 6173 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 2028 is, as ...root (\n+00021820: e280 992e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 ...... Note th\n+00021830: 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 7573 at you cannot us\n+00021840: 6520 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e e the completion\n+00021850: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c69 7479 2069 functionality i\n+00021860: 6e20 7468 6520 5446 5450 0a66 696c 6573 n the TFTP.files\n+00021870: 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 ystem. This is \n+00021880: 6265 6361 7573 6520 5446 5450 2064 6f65 because TFTP doe\n+00021890: 736e 2774 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 696c sn't support fil\n+000218a0: 6520 6e61 6d65 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2066 e name listing f\n+000218b0: 6f72 0a74 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 792e or.the security.\n+000218c0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000218d0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d nfo, Node: Comm\n+000218e0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n+000218f0: 6365 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 ce-Footnotes, U\n+00021900: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00021910: 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a20 2020 2831 interface.. (1\n+00021920: 2920 486f 7765 7665 722c 2074 6869 7320 ) However, this \n+00021930: 6265 6861 7669 6f72 2077 696c 6c20 6265 behavior will be\n+00021940: 2063 6861 6e67 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 changed in the \n+00021950: 6675 7475 7265 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2c20 future version, \n+00021960: 696e 0a61 2075 7365 722d 696e 7669 7369 in.a user-invisi\n+00021970: 626c 6520 7761 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ble way.....File\n+00021980: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00021990: 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 de: Menu interfa\n+000219a0: 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 656e 7520 ce, Next: Menu \n+000219b0: 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 2c20 2050 entry editor, P\n+000219c0: 7265 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e rev: Command-lin\n+000219d0: 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5570 e interface, Up\n+000219e0: 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 650a 0a31 342e : Interface..14.\n+000219f0: 3220 5468 6520 7369 6d70 6c65 206d 656e 2 The simple men\n+00021a00: 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 3d3d 3d3d u interface.====\n+00021a10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00021a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+00021a30: 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2069 menu interface i\n+00021a40: 7320 7175 6974 6520 6561 7379 2074 6f20 s quite easy to \n+00021a50: 7573 652e 2020 4974 7320 636f 6d6d 616e use. 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656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00022880: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3120 6269 6f73 6e75 s..15.1.1 biosnu\n-00022890: 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d m.--------------\n-000228a0: 0a0a 5768 656e 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 ..When chain-loa\n-000228b0: 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f ding another boo\n-000228c0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 t loader (*note \n-000228d0: 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 Chain-loading::)\n-000228e0: 2c20 4752 5542 206d 6179 0a6e 6565 6420 , GRUB may.need \n-000228f0: 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 7768 6174 2042 494f to know what BIO\n-00022900: 5320 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2063 S drive number c\n-00022910: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 7468 orresponds to th\n-00022920: 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 650a 282a e root device.(*\n-00022930: 6e6f 7465 2072 6f6f 743a 3a29 2073 6f20 note root::) so \n-00022940: 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 6e20 7365 7420 that it can set \n-00022950: 7570 2072 6567 6973 7465 7273 2070 726f up registers pro\n-00022960: 7065 726c 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2042 perly. If the B\n-00022970: 494f 534e 554d 0a76 6172 6961 626c 6520 IOSNUM.variable \n-00022980: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206f 7665 7272 is set, it overr\n-00022990: 6964 6573 2047 5255 4227 7320 6f77 6e20 ides GRUB's own \n-000229a0: 6d65 616e 7320 6f66 2067 7565 7373 696e means of guessin\n-000229b0: 6720 7468 6973 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 g this... For \n-000229c0: 616e 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2061 an alternative a\n-000229d0: 7070 726f 6163 6820 7768 6963 6820 616c pproach which al\n-000229e0: 736f 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2042 494f 5320 so changes BIOS \n-000229f0: 6472 6976 6520 6d61 7070 696e 6773 0a66 drive mappings.f\n-00022a00: 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 or the chain-loa\n-00022a10: 6465 6420 7379 7374 656d 2c20 2a6e 6f74 ded system, *not\n-00022a20: 6520 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f e drivemap::....\n-00022a30: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00022a40: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 , Node: check_s\n-00022a50: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 4e65 7874 ignatures, Next\n-00022a60: 3a20 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 2050 7265 763a : chosen, Prev:\n-00022a70: 2062 696f 736e 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 biosnum, Up: S\n-00022a80: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00022a90: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00022aa0: 2e31 2e32 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 .1.2 check_signa\n-00022ab0: 7475 7265 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tures.----------\n-00022ac0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n-00022ad0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e his variable con\n-00022ae0: 7472 6f6c 7320 7768 6574 6865 7220 4752 trols whether GR\n-00022af0: 5542 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 7320 6469 6769 UB enforces digi\n-00022b00: 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 650a 7661 tal signature.va\n-00022b10: 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 6c6f 6164 lidation on load\n-00022b20: 6564 2066 696c 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 ed files. *Note\n-00022b30: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n-00022b40: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a ignatures::.....\n-00022b50: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00022b60: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 Node: chosen, \n-00022b70: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 Next: cmdpath, \n-00022b80: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 Prev: check_sig\n-00022b90: 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 natures, Up: Sp\n-00022ba0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00022bb0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00022bc0: 312e 3320 6368 6f73 656e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 1.3 chosen.-----\n-00022bd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5768 656e 2065 --------..When e\n-00022be0: 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2061 206d 656e 7520 xecuting a menu \n-00022bf0: 656e 7472 792c 2047 5255 4220 7365 7473 entry, GRUB sets\n-00022c00: 2074 6865 2043 484f 5345 4e20 7661 7269 the CHOSEN vari\n-00022c10: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7469 746c able to the titl\n-00022c20: 650a 6f66 2074 6865 2065 6e74 7279 2062 e.of the entry b\n-00022c30: 6569 6e67 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 0a0a eing executed...\n-00022c40: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 If the menu e\n-00022c50: 6e74 7279 2069 7320 696e 206f 6e65 206f ntry is in one o\n-00022c60: 7220 6d6f 7265 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 732c r more submenus,\n-00022c70: 2074 6865 6e20 4348 4f53 454e 2069 7320 then CHOSEN is \n-00022c80: 7365 7420 746f 0a74 6865 2074 6974 6c65 set to.the title\n-00022c90: 7320 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2074 6865 s of each of the\n-00022ca0: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 7320 7374 6172 7469 submenus starti\n-00022cb0: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 746f 7020 ng from the top \n-00022cc0: 6c65 7665 6c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 0a62 level followed.b\n-00022cd0: 7920 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 6f66 2074 y the title of t\n-00022ce0: 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6974 he menu entry it\n-00022cf0: 7365 6c66 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 self, separated \n-00022d00: 6279 20e2 8098 3ee2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 by ...>........F\n-00022d10: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00022d20: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 Node: cmdpath, \n-00022d30: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 Next: color_hig\n-00022d40: 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 hlight, Prev: c\n-00022d50: 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 hosen, Up: Spec\n-00022d60: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00022d70: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00022d80: 3420 636d 6470 6174 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4 cmdpath.------\n-00022d90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6c6f --------..The lo\n-00022da0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 7768 6963 cation from whic\n-00022db0: 6820 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 h ...core.img...\n-00022dc0: 2077 6173 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6173 2061 was loaded as a\n-00022dd0: 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2064 6972 6563 n absolute direc\n-00022de0: 746f 7279 0a6e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 tory.name (*note\n-00022df0: 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 File name synta\n-00022e00: 783a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2073 x::). This is s\n-00022e10: 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 2061 7420 7374 et by GRUB at st\n-00022e20: 6172 7475 7020 6261 7365 640a 6f6e 2069 artup based.on i\n-00022e30: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 7572 nformation retur\n-00022e40: 6e65 6420 6279 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 ned by platform \n-00022e50: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 204e 6f74 2065 firmware. Not e\n-00022e60: 7665 7279 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 7072 very platform.pr\n-00022e70: 6f76 6964 6573 2074 6869 7320 696e 666f ovides this info\n-00022e80: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 736f 6d65 rmation and some\n-00022e90: 206d 6179 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6f6e 6c79 may return only\n-00022ea0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 6f75 7420 device without \n-00022eb0: 7061 7468 0a6e 616d 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 path.name.....Fi\n-00022ec0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00022ed0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 Node: color_high\n-00022ee0: 6c69 6768 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f light, Next: co\n-00022ef0: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2050 7265 lor_normal, Pre\n-00022f00: 763a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a v: cmdpath, Up:\n-00022f10: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00022f20: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00022f30: 3135 2e31 2e35 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 15.1.5 color_hig\n-00022f40: 686c 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d hlight.---------\n-00022f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n-00022f60: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e his variable con\n-00022f70: 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 2268 6967 686c tains the \"highl\n-00022f80: 6967 6874 2220 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 ight\" foreground\n-00022f90: 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 640a and background.\n-00022fa0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2063 6f6c 6f72 732c terminal colors,\n-00022fb0: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 separated by a \n-00022fc0: 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e slash (.../...).\n-00022fd0: 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2076 Setting this v\n-00022fe0: 6172 6961 626c 650a 6368 616e 6765 7320 ariable.changes \n-00022ff0: 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 those colors. F\n-00023000: 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 or the available\n-00023010: 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c20 2a6e color names, *n\n-00023020: 6f74 650a 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c ote.color_normal\n-00023030: 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 ::... The defa\n-00023040: 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 626c 6163 6b2f ult is ...black/\n-00023050: 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6179 e280 992e 0a0a light-gray......\n-00023060: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00023070: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f o, Node: color_\n-00023080: 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 normal, Next: c\n-00023090: 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c onfig_directory,\n-000230a0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 Prev: color_hi\n-000230b0: 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ghlight, Up: Sp\n-000230c0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-000230d0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-000230e0: 312e 3620 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 1.6 color_normal\n-000230f0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00023100: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ----..This varia\n-00023110: 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 ble contains the\n-00023120: 2022 6e6f 726d 616c 2220 666f 7265 6772 \"normal\" foregr\n-00023130: 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f ound and backgro\n-00023140: 756e 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a63 6f6c und terminal.col\n-00023150: 6f72 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 ors, separated b\n-00023160: 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 y a slash (.../.\n-00023170: 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 ..). Setting th\n-00023180: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e is variable chan\n-00023190: 6765 7320 7468 6f73 650a 636f 6c6f 7273 ges those.colors\n-000231a0: 2e20 2045 6163 6820 636f 6c6f 7220 6d75 . Each color mu\n-000231b0: 7374 2062 6520 6120 6e61 6d65 2066 726f st be a name fro\n-000231c0: 6d20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 m the following \n-000231d0: 6c69 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626c list:.. ... bl\n-000231e0: 6163 6b0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6c75 650a ack. ... blue.\n-000231f0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2067 7265 656e 0a20 2020 ... green. \n-00023200: e280 a220 6379 616e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ... cyan. ... \n-00023210: 7265 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6167 656e red. ... magen\n-00023220: 7461 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6272 6f77 6e0a ta. ... brown.\n-00023230: 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 ... light-gra\n-00023240: 790a 2020 20e2 80a2 2064 6172 6b2d 6772 y. ... dark-gr\n-00023250: 6179 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d ay. ... light-\n-00023260: 626c 7565 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 blue. ... ligh\n-00023270: 742d 6772 6565 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c t-green. ... l\n-00023280: 6967 6874 2d63 7961 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ight-cyan. ...\n-00023290: 206c 6967 6874 2d72 6564 0a20 2020 e280 light-red. ..\n-000232a0: a220 6c69 6768 742d 6d61 6765 6e74 610a . light-magenta.\n-000232b0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2079 656c 6c6f 770a 2020 ... yellow. \n-000232c0: 20e2 80a2 2077 6869 7465 0a0a 2020 2054 ... white.. T\n-000232d0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 he default is ..\n-000232e0: 986c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 792f 626c 6163 .light-gray/blac\n-000232f0: 6be2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f k...... The co\n-00023300: 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7375 7070 lor support supp\n-00023310: 6f72 7420 7661 7269 6573 2066 726f 6d20 ort varies from \n-00023320: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 6f20 7465 726d terminal to term\n-00023330: 696e 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 986d 6f72 inal... ...mor\n-00023340: 7365 e280 9920 6861 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c se... has no col\n-00023350: 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 7420 616c or support at al\n-00023360: 6c2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6d64 615f 7465 l... ...mda_te\n-00023370: 7874 e280 9920 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 xt... color supp\n-00023380: 6f72 7420 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 ort is limited t\n-00023390: 6f20 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7469 6e67 2062 o highlighting b\n-000233a0: 7920 626c 6163 6b2f 7768 6974 650a 7265 y black/white.re\n-000233b0: 7665 7273 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9863 versal... ...c\n-000233c0: 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 9920 6f6e 2041 5243 onsole... on ARC\n-000233d0: 2c20 454d 5520 616e 6420 4945 4545 3132 , EMU and IEEE12\n-000233e0: 3735 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6c5f 2ae2 75, ...serial_*.\n-000233f0: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 .. and ...spkmod\n-00023400: 656d e280 9920 6172 650a 676f 7665 726e em... are.govern\n-00023410: 6564 2062 7920 7465 726d 696e 666f 2061 ed by terminfo a\n-00023420: 6e64 2073 7570 706f 7274 206f 6e6c 7920 nd support only \n-00023430: 3820 636f 6c6f 7273 2069 6620 696e 206d 8 colors if in m\n-00023440: 6f64 6573 20e2 8098 7674 3130 302d 636f odes ...vt100-co\n-00023450: 6c6f 72e2 8099 0a28 6465 6661 756c 7420 lor....(default \n-00023460: 666f 7220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2065 for console on e\n-00023470: 6d75 292c 20e2 8098 6172 63e2 8099 2028 mu), ...arc... (\n-00023480: 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e73 default for cons\n-00023490: 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2041 5243 292c 0ae2 8098 ole on ARC),....\n-000234a0: 6965 6565 3132 3735 e280 9920 2864 6566 ieee1275... 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When.consol\n-000235b0: 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2038 2063 6f6c e supports 8 col\n-000235c0: 6f72 732c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 636f ors, then the co\n-000235d0: 6c6f 7273 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7365 lors from the se\n-000235e0: 636f 6e64 2068 616c 6620 6f66 2074 6865 cond half of the\n-000235f0: 0a70 7265 7669 6f75 7320 6c69 7374 2061 .previous list a\n-00023600: 7265 206d 6170 7065 6420 746f 2074 6865 re mapped to the\n-00023610: 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 matching colors\n-00023620: 206f 6620 6669 7273 7420 6861 6c66 2e0a of first half..\n-00023630: 0a20 2020 e280 9863 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 . ...console..\n-00023640: 9920 6f6e 2045 4649 2061 6e64 2042 494f . on EFI and BIO\n-00023650: 5320 616e 6420 e280 9876 6761 5f74 6578 S and ...vga_tex\n-00023660: 74e2 8099 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c6c t... support all\n-00023670: 2031 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 16 colors... \n-00023680: e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 7375 ...gfxterm... su\n-00023690: 7070 6f72 7473 2061 6c6c 2031 3620 636f pports all 16 co\n-000236a0: 6c6f 7273 2061 6e64 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 lors and would b\n-000236b0: 6520 7468 656f 7265 7469 6361 6c6c 790a e theoretically.\n-000236c0: 6578 7465 6e64 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7375 extendable to su\n-000236d0: 7070 6f72 7420 7768 6f6c 6520 7267 6232 pport whole rgb2\n-000236e0: 3420 7061 6c65 7474 6520 6275 7420 6375 4 palette but cu\n-000236f0: 7272 656e 746c 7920 7468 6572 6520 6973 rrently there is\n-00023700: 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 656c 6c69 6e67 2072 no.compelling r\n-00023710: 6561 736f 6e20 746f 2067 6f20 6265 796f eason to go beyo\n-00023720: 6e64 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2031 nd the current 1\n-00023730: 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 6 colors.....Fil\n-00023740: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00023750: 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 ode: config_dire\n-00023760: 6374 6f72 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f ctory, Next: co\n-00023770: 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 nfig_file, Prev\n-00023780: 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 : color_normal, \n-00023790: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-000237a0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000237b0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e37 2063 6f6e 6669 es..15.1.7 confi\n-000237c0: 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2d2d 2d2d g_directory.----\n-000237d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000237e0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ---..This variab\n-000237f0: 6c65 2069 7320 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 le is automatica\n-00023800: 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 lly set by GRUB \n-00023810: 746f 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 to the directory\n-00023820: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 part of.current\n-00023830: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-00023840: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ile name (*note \n-00023850: 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 653a 3a29 2e0a config_file::)..\n-00023860: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00023870: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 fo, Node: confi\n-00023880: 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 g_file, Next: d\n-00023890: 6562 7567 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6e ebug, Prev: con\n-000238a0: 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 fig_directory, \n-000238b0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-000238c0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-000238d0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3820 636f 6e66 6967 s..15.1.8 config\n-000238e0: 5f66 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _file.----------\n-000238f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 --------..This v\n-00023900: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2061 7574 6f6d ariable is autom\n-00023910: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 atically set by \n-00023920: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 GRUB to the name\n-00023930: 206f 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f of configuratio\n-00023940: 6e0a 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 6973 2062 n.file that is b\n-00023950: 6569 6e67 2070 726f 6365 7373 6564 2062 eing processed b\n-00023960: 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 636f y commands ...co\n-00023970: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f nfigfile... (*no\n-00023980: 7465 0a63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 te.configfile::)\n-00023990: 206f 7220 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 or ...normal...\n-000239a0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a (*note normal::\n-000239b0: 292e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7265 7374 6f72 ). It is restor\n-000239c0: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a 7072 6576 696f ed to the.previo\n-000239d0: 7573 2076 616c 7565 2077 6865 6e20 636f us value when co\n-000239e0: 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 732e mmand completes.\n-000239f0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00023a00: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 6275 nfo, Node: debu\n-00023a10: 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 6661 756c g, Next: defaul\n-00023a20: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 t, Prev: config\n-00023a30: 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 _file, Up: Spec\n-00023a40: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00023a50: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00023a60: 3920 6465 6275 670a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 9 debug.--------\n-00023a70: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ----..This varia\n-00023a80: 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 ble may be set t\n-00023a90: 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2064 6562 7567 6769 o enable debuggi\n-00023aa0: 6e67 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2076 ng output from v\n-00023ab0: 6172 696f 7573 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 arious.component\n-00023ac0: 7320 6f66 2047 5255 422e 2054 6865 2076 s of GRUB. The v\n-00023ad0: 616c 7565 2069 7320 616e 206f 7264 6572 alue is an order\n-00023ae0: 6564 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 6562 7567 ed list of debug\n-00023af0: 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 730a facility names.\n-00023b00: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2077 6869 separated by whi\n-00023b10: 7465 7370 6163 6520 6f72 20e2 8098 2ce2 tespace or ...,.\n-00023b20: 8099 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 7370 6563 ... If the spec\n-00023b30: 6961 6c20 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d ial facility nam\n-00023b40: 6564 20e2 8098 616c 6ce2 8099 2069 730a ed ...all... is.\n-00023b50: 7072 6573 656e 7420 7468 656e 2064 6562 present then deb\n-00023b60: 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 7075 7420 6f66 ugging output of\n-00023b70: 2061 6c6c 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 all facility na\n-00023b80: 6d65 7320 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2061 mes is enabled a\n-00023b90: 7420 7468 650a 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2070 t the.start of p\n-00023ba0: 726f 6365 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 7661 rocessing the va\n-00023bb0: 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 lue of this vari\n-00023bc0: 6162 6c65 2e20 2041 2066 6163 696c 6974 able. A facilit\n-00023bd0: 7927 7320 6465 6275 670a 6f75 7470 7574 y's debug.output\n-00023be0: 2063 616e 2074 6865 6e20 6265 2064 6973 can then be dis\n-00023bf0: 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2070 7265 6669 7869 abled by prefixi\n-00023c00: 6e67 2069 7473 206e 616d 6520 7769 7468 ng its name with\n-00023c10: 2061 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 a ...-.... The\n-00023c20: 206c 6173 740a 6f63 6375 7265 6e63 6520 last.occurence \n-00023c30: 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6520 7769 facility name wi\n-00023c40: 7468 206f 7220 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6120 th or without a \n-00023c50: 6c65 6164 696e 6720 e280 982d e280 9920 leading ...-... \n-00023c60: 7461 6b65 7320 7072 6563 656e 6465 6e74 takes precendent\n-00023c70: 0a6f 7665 7220 616e 7920 7072 6576 696f .over any previo\n-00023c80: 7573 206f 6363 7572 656e 6365 2e20 2054 us occurence. T\n-00023c90: 6869 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 2065 his allows the e\n-00023ca0: 6173 7920 656e 6162 6c69 6e67 206f 7220 asy enabling or \n-00023cb0: 6469 7361 626c 696e 670a 6f66 2066 6163 disabling.of fac\n-00023cc0: 696c 6974 6965 7320 6279 2061 7070 656e ilities by appen\n-00023cd0: 6469 6e67 2061 20e2 8098 2ce2 8099 2061 ding a ...,... a\n-00023ce0: 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6661 6369 nd then the faci\n-00023cf0: 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6520 7769 7468 206f lity name with o\n-00023d00: 720a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6c65 r.without the le\n-00023d10: 6164 696e 6720 e280 982d e280 992c 2077 ading ...-..., w\n-00023d20: 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 7072 6573 6572 hich will preser\n-00023d30: 7665 2074 6865 2073 7461 7465 206f 6620 ve the state of \n-00023d40: 7468 6520 7265 7374 206f 660a 7468 6520 the rest of.the \n-00023d50: 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 2e20 2054 6865 facilities. The\n-00023d60: 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 7320 facility names \n-00023d70: 6172 6520 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6172 are the first ar\n-00023d80: 6775 6d65 6e74 2074 6f0a 6772 7562 5f64 gument to.grub_d\n-00023d90: 7072 696e 7466 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 printf. Consult\n-00023da0: 2074 6865 2073 6f75 7263 6520 666f 7220 the source for \n-00023db0: 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f more details....\n-00023dc0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00023dd0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 , Node: default\n-00023de0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 , Next: fallbac\n-00023df0: 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6465 6275 672c k, Prev: debug,\n-00023e00: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00023e10: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00023e20: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3130 2064 6566 les..15.1.10 def\n-00023e30: 6175 6c74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ault.-----------\n-00023e40: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n-00023e50: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 riable is set, i\n-00023e60: 7420 6964 656e 7469 6669 6573 2061 206d t identifies a m\n-00023e70: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7468 6174 2073 enu entry that s\n-00023e80: 686f 756c 6420 6265 0a73 656c 6563 7465 hould be.selecte\n-00023e90: 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 706f d by default, po\n-00023ea0: 7373 6962 6c79 2061 6674 6572 2061 2074 ssibly after a t\n-00023eb0: 696d 656f 7574 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7469 imeout (*note ti\n-00023ec0: 6d65 6f75 743a 3a29 2e20 2054 6865 0a65 meout::). The.e\n-00023ed0: 6e74 7279 206d 6179 2062 6520 6964 656e ntry may be iden\n-00023ee0: 7469 6669 6564 2062 7920 6e75 6d62 6572 tified by number\n-00023ef0: 2028 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 (starting from \n-00023f00: 3020 6174 2065 6163 6820 6c65 7665 6c20 0 at each level \n-00023f10: 6f66 2074 6865 0a68 6965 7261 7263 6879 of the.hierarchy\n-00023f20: 292c 2062 7920 7469 746c 652c 206f 7220 ), by title, or \n-00023f30: 6279 2069 642e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2065 by id... 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Mi\n-000241c0: 6e69 7820 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 0a20 nix --id=minix. \n-000241d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 Version \n-000241e0: 332e 342e 3020 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 3.4.0 --id=minix\n-000241f0: 2d33 2e34 2e30 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 -3.4.0. \n-00024200: 5665 7273 696f 6e20 332e 332e 3020 2d2d Version 3.3.0 --\n-00024210: 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e33 2e30 0a20 id=minix-3.3.0. \n-00024220: 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2049 6e76 6164 GRUB Invad\n-00024230: 6572 7320 2d2d 6964 3d67 7275 622d 696e ers --id=grub-in\n-00024240: 7661 6465 7273 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206d vaders.. The m\n-00024250: 6f72 6520 7265 6365 6e74 2072 656c 6561 ore recent relea\n-00024260: 7365 206f 6620 4d69 6e69 7820 776f 756c se of Minix woul\n-00024270: 6420 7468 656e 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 d then be identi\n-00024280: 6669 6564 2061 7320 e280 984f 7468 6572 fied as ...Other\n-00024290: 0a70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 3e4d 696e 6978 .platforms>Minix\n-000242a0: 3e56 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 2e34 2e30 e280 >Version 3.4.0..\n-000242b0: 992c 206f 7220 6173 20e2 8098 313e 303e ., or as ...1>0>\n-000242c0: 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 730a e280 986f 0..., or as....o\n-000242d0: 7468 6572 3e6d 696e 6978 3e6d 696e 6978 ther>minix>minix\n-000242e0: 2d33 2e34 2e30 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 -3.4.0...... T\n-000242f0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n-00024300: 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 often set by ...\n-00024310: 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 9920 GRUB_DEFAULT... \n-00024320: 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f (*note Simple.co\n-00024330: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2c20 nfiguration::), \n-00024340: e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 ...grub-set-defa\n-00024350: 756c 74e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 ult..., or ...gr\n-00024360: 7562 2d72 6562 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f ub-reboot.......\n-00024370: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00024380: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 , Node: fallbac\n-00024390: 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 k, Next: gfxmod\n-000243a0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6465 6661 756c e, Prev: defaul\n-000243b0: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 t, Up: Special \n-000243c0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-000243d0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3131 2066 ables..15.1.11 f\n-000243e0: 616c 6c62 6163 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d allback.--------\n-000243f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 --------..If thi\n-00024400: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 s variable is se\n-00024410: 742c 2069 7420 6964 656e 7469 6669 6573 t, it identifies\n-00024420: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7468 a menu entry th\n-00024430: 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 0a73 656c at should be.sel\n-00024440: 6563 7465 6420 6966 2074 6865 2064 6566 ected if the def\n-00024450: 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 ault menu entry \n-00024460: 6661 696c 7320 746f 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 fails to boot. \n-00024470: 456e 7472 6965 7320 6172 650a 6964 656e Entries are.iden\n-00024480: 7469 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 tified in the sa\n-00024490: 6d65 2077 6179 2061 7320 666f 7220 e280 me way as for ..\n-000244a0: 9864 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f .default... (*no\n-000244b0: 7465 2064 6566 6175 6c74 3a3a 292e 0a0a te default::)...\n-000244c0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000244d0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 o, Node: gfxmod\n-000244e0: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 7870 6179 e, Next: gfxpay\n-000244f0: 6c6f 6164 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2066 616c load, Prev: fal\n-00024500: 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 lback, Up: Spec\n-00024510: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00024520: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00024530: 3132 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 12 gfxmode.-----\n-00024540: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 ----------..If t\n-00024550: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n-00024560: 7365 742c 2069 7420 7365 7473 2074 6865 set, it sets the\n-00024570: 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 7573 6564 resolution used\n-00024580: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9867 6678 7465 on the ...gfxte\n-00024590: 726d e280 990a 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 rm....graphical \n-000245a0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 terminal. Note \n-000245b0: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206f 6e6c that you can onl\n-000245c0: 7920 7573 6520 6d6f 6465 7320 7768 6963 y use modes whic\n-000245d0: 6820 796f 7572 0a67 7261 7068 6963 7320 h your.graphics \n-000245e0: 6361 7264 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7669 card supports vi\n-000245f0: 6120 5645 5341 2042 494f 5320 4578 7465 a VESA BIOS Exte\n-00024600: 6e73 696f 6e73 2028 5642 4529 2c20 736f nsions (VBE), so\n-00024610: 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 0a6e 6174 for example.nat\n-00024620: 6976 6520 4c43 4420 7061 6e65 6c20 7265 ive LCD panel re\n-00024630: 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6e6f solutions may no\n-00024640: 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 t be available. \n-00024650: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 730a The default is.\n-00024660: e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 ...auto..., whic\n-00024670: 6820 7365 6c65 6374 7320 6120 706c 6174 h selects a plat\n-00024680: 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6465 form-specific de\n-00024690: 6661 756c 7420 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c fault that shoul\n-000246a0: 6420 6c6f 6f6b 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c d look.reasonabl\n-000246b0: 652e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6d6f e. Supported mo\n-000246c0: 6465 7320 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6973 7465 des can be liste\n-000246d0: 6420 6279 20e2 8098 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 d by ...videoinf\n-000246e0: 6fe2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e0a o... command in.\n-000246f0: 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7265 GRUB... The re\n-00024700: 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 solution may be \n-00024710: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2061 2073 specified as a s\n-00024720: 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 206f 6e65 206f equence of one o\n-00024730: 7220 6d6f 7265 206d 6f64 6573 2c0a 7365 r more modes,.se\n-00024740: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 parated by comma\n-00024750: 7320 28e2 8098 2ce2 8099 2920 6f72 2073 s (...,...) or s\n-00024760: 656d 6963 6f6c 6f6e 7320 28e2 8098 3be2 emicolons (...;.\n-00024770: 8099 293b 2065 6163 6820 7769 6c6c 2062 ..); each will b\n-00024780: 6520 7472 6965 6420 696e 0a74 7572 6e20 e tried in.turn \n-00024790: 756e 7469 6c20 6f6e 6520 6973 2066 6f75 until one is fou\n-000247a0: 6e64 2e20 2045 6163 6820 6d6f 6465 2073 nd. Each mode s\n-000247b0: 686f 756c 6420 6265 2065 6974 6865 7220 hould be either \n-000247c0: e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 2c0a e280 9857 ...auto...,....W\n-000247d0: 4944 5448 7848 4549 4748 54e2 8099 2c20 IDTHxHEIGHT..., \n-000247e0: 6f72 20e2 8098 5749 4454 4878 4845 4947 or ...WIDTHxHEIG\n-000247f0: 4854 7844 4550 5448 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a HTxDEPTH........\n-00024800: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00024810: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f Node: gfxpaylo\n-00024820: 6164 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 6678 7465 ad, Next: gfxte\n-00024830: 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 rm_font, Prev: \n-00024840: 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 gfxmode, Up: Sp\n-00024850: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00024860: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00024870: 312e 3133 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 640a 1.13 gfxpayload.\n-00024880: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00024890: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 --..If this vari\n-000248a0: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 able is set, it \n-000248b0: 636f 6e74 726f 6c73 2074 6865 2076 6964 controls the vid\n-000248c0: 656f 206d 6f64 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 eo mode in which\n-000248d0: 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 0a6b 6572 6e65 the Linux.kerne\n-000248e0: 6c20 7374 6172 7473 2075 702c 2072 6570 l starts up, rep\n-000248f0: 6c61 6369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7667 lacing the ...vg\n-00024900: 613d e280 9920 626f 6f74 206f 7074 696f a=... boot optio\n-00024910: 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a n (*note linux::\n-00024920: 292e 2020 4974 0a6d 6179 2062 6520 7365 ). It.may be se\n-00024930: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 t to ...text... \n-00024940: 746f 2066 6f72 6365 2074 6865 204c 696e to force the Lin\n-00024950: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f ux kernel to boo\n-00024960: 7420 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 t in normal text\n-00024970: 0a6d 6f64 652c 20e2 8098 6b65 6570 e280 .mode, ...keep..\n-00024980: 9920 746f 2070 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 . to preserve th\n-00024990: 6520 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 6520 e graphics mode \n-000249a0: 7365 7420 7573 696e 6720 e280 9867 6678 set using ...gfx\n-000249b0: 6d6f 6465 e280 992c 206f 7220 616e 790a mode..., or any.\n-000249c0: 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6572 6d69 7474 6564 of the permitted\n-000249d0: 2076 616c 7565 7320 666f 7220 e280 9867 values for ...g\n-000249e0: 6678 6d6f 6465 e280 9920 746f 2073 6574 fxmode... to set\n-000249f0: 2061 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6772 a particular gr\n-00024a00: 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 650a 282a 6e6f aphics mode.(*no\n-00024a10: 7465 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 3a3a 292e 0a0a te gfxmode::)...\n-00024a20: 2020 2044 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 Depending on \n-00024a30: 796f 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 6f75 your kernel, you\n-00024a40: 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 r distribution, \n-00024a50: 796f 7572 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 your graphics ca\n-00024a60: 7264 2c20 616e 640a 7468 6520 7068 6173 rd, and.the phas\n-00024a70: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206d 6f6f 6e2c 206e e of the moon, n\n-00024a80: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2075 7369 6e67 2074 ote that using t\n-00024a90: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2063 his option may c\n-00024aa0: 6175 7365 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 0a74 ause GNU/Linux.t\n-00024ab0: 6f20 7375 6666 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7661 o suffer from va\n-00024ac0: 7269 6f75 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7072 rious display pr\n-00024ad0: 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 7061 7274 6963 756c oblems, particul\n-00024ae0: 6172 6c79 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 arly during the \n-00024af0: 6561 726c 790a 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 early.part of th\n-00024b00: 6520 626f 6f74 2073 6571 7565 6e63 652e e boot sequence.\n-00024b10: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7072 If you have pr\n-00024b20: 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 oblems, set this\n-00024b30: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 0ae2 8098 variable to....\n-00024b40: 7465 7874 e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 text... and GRUB\n-00024b50: 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c 696e 7578 will tell Linux\n-00024b60: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d to boot in norm\n-00024b70: 616c 2074 6578 7420 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 al text mode... \n-00024b80: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The default is\n-00024b90: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 platform-specif\n-00024ba0: 6963 2e20 204f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d ic. On platform\n-00024bb0: 7320 7769 7468 2061 206e 6174 6976 6520 s with a native \n-00024bc0: 7465 7874 0a6d 6f64 6520 2873 7563 6820 text.mode (such \n-00024bd0: 6173 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 as PC BIOS platf\n-00024be0: 6f72 6d73 292c 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 orms), the defau\n-00024bf0: 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9874 6578 74e2 8099 lt is ...text...\n-00024c00: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2074 6865 . Otherwise the\n-00024c10: 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 206d 6179 2062 6520 .default may be \n-00024c20: e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 206f 7220 6120 ...auto... or a \n-00024c30: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2076 6964 656f 206d specific video m\n-00024c40: 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 ode... This va\n-00024c50: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 riable is often \n-00024c60: 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 set by ...GRUB_G\n-00024c70: 4658 5041 594c 4f41 445f 4c49 4e55 58e2 FXPAYLOAD_LINUX.\n-00024c80: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 .. (*note Simple\n-00024c90: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a .configuration::\n-00024ca0: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-00024cb0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 .info, Node: gf\n-00024cc0: 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 xterm_font, Nex\n-00024cd0: 743a 2067 7275 625f 6370 752c 2020 5072 t: grub_cpu, Pr\n-00024ce0: 6576 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 ev: gfxpayload, \n-00024cf0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00024d00: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00024d10: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3420 6766 7874 es..15.1.14 gfxt\n-00024d20: 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d erm_font.-------\n-00024d30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 -------------..I\n-00024d40: 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 f this variable \n-00024d50: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 is set, it names\n-00024d60: 2061 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 a font to use f\n-00024d70: 6f72 2074 6578 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 0ae2 or text on the..\n-00024d80: 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 2067 7261 ..gfxterm... gra\n-00024d90: 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e phical terminal.\n-00024da0: 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 20e2 8098 Otherwise, ...\n-00024db0: 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 206d 6179 2075 gfxterm... may u\n-00024dc0: 7365 2061 6e79 0a61 7661 696c 6162 6c65 se any.available\n-00024dd0: 2066 6f6e 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 font.....File: \n-00024de0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00024df0: 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 204e 6578 : grub_cpu, Nex\n-00024e00: 743a 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d t: grub_platform\n-00024e10: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6678 7465 726d , Prev: gfxterm\n-00024e20: 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 _font, Up: Spec\n-00024e30: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00024e40: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00024e50: 3135 2067 7275 625f 6370 750a 2d2d 2d2d 15 grub_cpu.----\n-00024e60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 496e ------------..In\n-00024e70: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e normal mode (*n\n-00024e80: 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2047 ote normal::), G\n-00024e90: 5255 4220 7365 7473 2074 6865 20e2 8098 RUB sets the ...\n-00024ea0: 6772 7562 5f63 7075 e280 9920 7661 7269 grub_cpu... vari\n-00024eb0: 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 4350 5520 able to.the CPU \n-00024ec0: 7479 7065 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 2047 type for which G\n-00024ed0: 5255 4220 7761 7320 6275 696c 7420 2865 RUB was built (e\n-00024ee0: 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 6933 3836 e280 9920 .g. ...i386... \n-00024ef0: 6f72 20e2 8098 706f 7765 7270 63e2 8099 or ...powerpc...\n-00024f00: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-00024f10: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6772 .info, Node: gr\n-00024f20: 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 4e65 ub_platform, Ne\n-00024f30: 7874 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 5072 xt: icondir, Pr\n-00024f40: 6576 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 2055 ev: grub_cpu, U\n-00024f50: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00024f60: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00024f70: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3620 6772 7562 5f70 ..15.1.16 grub_p\n-00024f80: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d latform.--------\n-00024f90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 -------------..I\n-00024fa0: 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 282a n normal mode (*\n-00024fb0: 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2c20 note normal::), \n-00024fc0: 4752 5542 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 e280 GRUB sets the ..\n-00024fd0: 9867 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d e280 .grub_platform..\n-00024fe0: 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a74 6f20 7468 . variable.to th\n-00024ff0: 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2066 6f72 2077 e platform for w\n-00025000: 6869 6368 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 6275 hich GRUB was bu\n-00025010: 696c 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 7063 ilt (e.g. ...pc\n-00025020: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6566 69e2 8099 ... or ...efi...\n-00025030: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-00025040: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6963 .info, Node: ic\n-00025050: 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c61 ondir, Next: la\n-00025060: 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 7275 625f ng, Prev: grub_\n-00025070: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 platform, Up: S\n-00025080: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00025090: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-000250a0: 2e31 2e31 3720 6963 6f6e 6469 720a 2d2d .1.17 icondir.--\n-000250b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 -------------..I\n-000250c0: 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 f this variable \n-000250d0: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 is set, it names\n-000250e0: 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2069 6e20 a directory in \n-000250f0: 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 4752 5542 0a67 which the GRUB.g\n-00025100: 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7368 raphical menu sh\n-00025110: 6f75 6c64 206c 6f6f 6b20 666f 7220 6963 ould look for ic\n-00025120: 6f6e 7320 6166 7465 7220 6c6f 6f6b 696e ons after lookin\n-00025130: 6720 696e 2074 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2773 g in the theme's\n-00025140: 0ae2 8098 6963 6f6e 73e2 8099 2064 6972 ....icons... dir\n-00025150: 6563 746f 7279 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2054 ectory. *Note T\n-00025160: 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 heme file format\n-00025170: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00025180: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c b.info, Node: l\n-00025190: 616e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6361 ang, Next: loca\n-000251a0: 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 le_dir, Prev: i\n-000251b0: 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 condir, Up: Spe\n-000251c0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-000251d0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-000251e0: 2e31 3820 6c61 6e67 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .18 lang.-------\n-000251f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 -----..If this v\n-00025200: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 ariable is set, \n-00025210: 6974 206e 616d 6573 2074 6865 206c 616e it names the lan\n-00025220: 6775 6167 6520 636f 6465 2074 6861 7420 guage code that \n-00025230: 7468 6520 e280 9867 6574 7465 7874 e280 the ...gettext..\n-00025240: 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 ..command (*note\n-00025250: 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a3a 2920 7573 6573 gettext::) uses\n-00025260: 2074 6f20 7472 616e 736c 6174 6520 7374 to translate st\n-00025270: 7269 6e67 732e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d rings. For exam\n-00025280: 706c 652c 0a46 7265 6e63 6820 776f 756c ple,.French woul\n-00025290: 6420 6265 206e 616d 6564 2061 7320 e280 d be named as ..\n-000252a0: 9866 72e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 5369 6d70 .fr..., and Simp\n-000252b0: 6c69 6669 6564 2043 6869 6e65 7365 2061 lified Chinese a\n-000252c0: 7320 e280 987a 685f 434e e280 992e 0a0a s ...zh_CN......\n-000252d0: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e ...grub-mkcon\n-000252e0: 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 fig... (*note Si\n-000252f0: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple configurati\n-00025300: 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 on::) will try t\n-00025310: 6f20 7365 7420 610a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 o set a.reasonab\n-00025320: 6c65 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2074 le default for t\n-00025330: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2062 6173 his variable bas\n-00025340: 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d ed on the system\n-00025350: 206c 6f63 616c 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 locale.....File\n-00025360: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00025370: 6465 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 de: locale_dir, \n-00025380: 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c Next: lockdown,\n-00025390: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 2055 Prev: lang, U\n-000253a0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-000253b0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-000253c0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3920 6c6f 6361 6c65 ..15.1.19 locale\n-000253d0: 5f64 6972 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _dir.-----------\n-000253e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n-000253f0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n-00025400: 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2074 6865 2064 , it names the d\n-00025410: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 irectory where t\n-00025420: 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 ranslation files\n-00025430: 0a6d 6179 2062 6520 666f 756e 6420 282a .may be found (*\n-00025440: 6e6f 7465 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a3a 292c note gettext::),\n-00025450: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f usually .../boo\n-00025460: 742f 6772 7562 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 t/grub/locale...\n-00025470: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c0a 696e . Otherwise,.in\n-00025480: 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7a61 7469 ternationalizati\n-00025490: 6f6e 2069 7320 6469 7361 626c 6564 2e0a on is disabled..\n-000254a0: 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f . ...grub-mkco\n-000254b0: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 nfig... (*note S\n-000254c0: 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple configurat\n-000254d0: 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 ion::) will set \n-000254e0: 6120 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 0a64 6566 a reasonable.def\n-000254f0: 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7661 ault for this va\n-00025500: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 6620 696e 7465 726e riable if intern\n-00025510: 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2069 ationalization i\n-00025520: 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2061 6e64 2061 6e79 s needed and any\n-00025530: 0a74 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c .translation fil\n-00025540: 6573 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 es are available\n-00025550: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00025560: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f63 info, Node: loc\n-00025570: 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 kdown, Next: me\n-00025580: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 nu_color_highlig\n-00025590: 6874 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f63 616c ht, Prev: local\n-000255a0: 655f 6469 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 e_dir, Up: Spec\n-000255b0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-000255c0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-000255d0: 3230 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 20 lockdown.----\n-000255e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n-000255f0: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n-00025600: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 s set to ...y...\n-00025610: 2c20 6974 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 , it means that \n-00025620: 4752 5542 2068 6173 2065 6e74 6572 6564 GRUB has entered\n-00025630: 202a 6e6f 7465 0a4c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a *note.Lockdown:\n-00025640: 3a20 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a : mode.....File:\n-00025650: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00025660: 653a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 e: menu_color_hi\n-00025670: 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ghlight, Next: \n-00025680: 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 menu_color_norma\n-00025690: 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 636b 646f l, Prev: lockdo\n-000256a0: 776e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c wn, Up: Special\n-000256b0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-000256c0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3120 iables..15.1.21 \n-000256d0: 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c menu_color_highl\n-000256e0: 6967 6874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ight.-----------\n-000256f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025700: 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 -..This variable\n-00025710: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 666f contains the fo\n-00025720: 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 reground and bac\n-00025730: 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 kground colors t\n-00025740: 6f20 6265 2075 7365 640a 666f 7220 7468 o be used.for th\n-00025750: 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 6420 6d65 e highlighted me\n-00025760: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 7365 7061 7261 nu entry, separa\n-00025770: 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 ted by a slash (\n-00025780: e280 982f e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 .../...). Setti\n-00025790: 6e67 0a74 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ng.this variable\n-000257a0: 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 changes those c\n-000257b0: 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 olors. For the \n-000257c0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 available color \n-000257d0: 6e61 6d65 732c 0a2a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c names,.*note col\n-000257e0: 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 or_normal::... \n-000257f0: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 The default is \n-00025800: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 the value of ...\n-00025810: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 74e2 color_highlight.\n-00025820: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f 6c6f 725f .. (*note.color_\n-00025830: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f highlight::)....\n-00025840: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00025850: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 755f 636f , Node: menu_co\n-00025860: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 lor_normal, Nex\n-00025870: 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 t: net__boot_file, P\n-00025890: 7265 763a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f rev: menu_color_\n-000258a0: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5570 3a20 highlight, Up: \n-000258b0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-000258c0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-000258d0: 352e 312e 3232 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 5.1.22 menu_colo\n-000258e0: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r_normal.-------\n-000258f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025900: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c --..This variabl\n-00025910: 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2066 e contains the f\n-00025920: 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 oreground and ba\n-00025930: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 ckground colors \n-00025940: 746f 2062 6520 7573 6564 0a66 6f72 206e to be used.for n\n-00025950: 6f6e 2d68 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 206d on-highlighted m\n-00025960: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732c 2073 6570 enu entries, sep\n-00025970: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 arated by a slas\n-00025980: 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 h (.../...). Se\n-00025990: 7474 696e 670a 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 tting.this varia\n-000259a0: 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 ble changes thos\n-000259b0: 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 e colors. For t\n-000259c0: 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c he available col\n-000259d0: 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 or names,.*note \n-000259e0: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a color_normal::..\n-000259f0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 . The default \n-00025a00: 6973 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 is the value of \n-00025a10: e280 9863 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 ...color_normal.\n-00025a20: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f .. (*note color_\n-00025a30: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 normal::).....Fi\n-00025a40: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00025a50: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__boot_file,\n-00025a70: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Next: net__clientid\n-00025a90: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 656e 755f 636f , Prev: menu_co\n-00025aa0: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a lor_normal, Up:\n-00025ab0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00025ac0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00025ad0: 3135 2e31 2e32 3320 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 15.1.23 net__boot_fil\n-00025af0: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n-00025b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025b10: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n-00025b20: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n-00025b30: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00025b40: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00025b50: 5f63 6c69 656e 7469 642c 2020 4e65 7874 _clientid, Next\n-00025b60: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__clientuuid, P\n-00025b80: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 rev: net__boot_file, \n-00025ba0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00025bb0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00025bc0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3420 6e65 745f es..15.1.24 net_\n-00025bd0: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c 6965 _clie\n-00025be0: 6e74 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ntid.-----------\n-00025bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025c00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n-00025c10: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n-00025c20: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00025c30: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__clientuuid, \n-00025c50: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Next: net__dhcp_serve\n-00025c70: 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e r_name, Prev: n\n-00025c80: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 et__c\n-00025c90: 6c69 656e 7469 642c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 lientid, Up: Sp\n-00025ca0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00025cb0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00025cc0: 312e 3235 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 1.25 net__clientuuid.\n+00022160: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 7375 7070 *****..GRUB supp\n+00022170: 6f72 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 orts environment\n+00022180: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6869 6368 variables which\n+00022190: 2061 7265 2072 6174 6865 7220 6c69 6b65 are rather like\n+000221a0: 2074 686f 7365 206f 6666 6572 6564 0a62 those offered.b\n+000221b0: 7920 616c 6c20 556e 6978 2d6c 696b 6520 y all Unix-like \n+000221c0: 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 456e 7669 726f systems. Enviro\n+000221d0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 nment variables \n+000221e0: 6861 7665 2061 206e 616d 652c 2077 6869 have a name, whi\n+000221f0: 6368 2069 730a 756e 6971 7565 2061 6e64 ch is.unique and\n+00022200: 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6120 7368 is usually a sh\n+00022210: 6f72 7420 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 2c20 ort identifier, \n+00022220: 616e 6420 6120 7661 6c75 652c 2077 6869 and a value, whi\n+00022230: 6368 2069 7320 616e 0a61 7262 6974 7261 ch is an.arbitra\n+00022240: 7279 2073 7472 696e 6720 6f66 2063 6861 ry string of cha\n+00022250: 7261 6374 6572 732e 2020 5468 6579 206d racters. They m\n+00022260: 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 ay be set (*note\n+00022270: 2073 6574 3a3a 292c 2075 6e73 6574 0a28 set::), unset.(\n+00022280: 2a6e 6f74 6520 756e 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 *note unset::), \n+00022290: 6f72 206c 6f6f 6b65 6420 7570 2028 2a6e or looked up (*n\n+000222a0: 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 ote Shell-like s\n+000222b0: 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 2920 6279 206e cripting::) by n\n+000222c0: 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 2041 206e 756d 6265 ame... A numbe\n+000222d0: 7220 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 r of environment\n+000222e0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2068 6176 6520 variables have \n+000222f0: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6d65 616e 696e 6773 special meanings\n+00022300: 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6f75 730a 7061 7274 to various.part\n+00022310: 7320 6f66 2047 5255 422e 204f 7468 6572 s of GRUB. Other\n+00022320: 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6672 s may be used fr\n+00022330: 6565 6c79 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2063 6f6e eely in GRUB con\n+00022340: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 figuration files\n+00022350: 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 5370 ...* Menu:..* Sp\n+00022360: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00022370: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 733a 3a0a 2a20 t variables::.* \n+00022380: 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 Environment bloc\n+00022390: 6b3a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 k::....File: gru\n+000223a0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 b.info, Node: S\n+000223b0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+000223c0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 204e nt variables, N\n+000223d0: 6578 743a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 ext: Environment\n+000223e0: 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 2055 703a 2045 6e76 block, Up: Env\n+000223f0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a0a 3135 2e31 2053 ironment..15.1 S\n+00022400: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00022410: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a3d 3d3d nt variables.===\n+00022420: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00022430: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00022440: 0a54 6865 7365 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 .These variables\n+00022450: 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6d65 have special me\n+00022460: 616e 696e 6720 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a aning to GRUB...\n+00022470: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2062 696f 736e * Menu:..* biosn\n+00022480: 756d 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 um::.* check_sig\n+00022490: 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a0a 2a20 6368 6f73 natures::.* chos\n+000224a0: 656e 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6d64 7061 7468 3a3a en::.* cmdpath::\n+000224b0: 0a2a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 .* color_highlig\n+000224c0: 6874 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 ht::.* color_nor\n+000224d0: 6d61 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 mal::.* config_d\n+000224e0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 3a3a 0a2a 2063 6f6e irectory::.* 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For an alt\n+000229c0: 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2061 7070 726f 6163 ernative approac\n+000229d0: 6820 7768 6963 6820 616c 736f 2063 6861 h which also cha\n+000229e0: 6e67 6573 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6520 nges BIOS drive \n+000229f0: 6d61 7070 696e 6773 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 mappings.for the\n+00022a00: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 6420 7379 chain-loaded sy\n+00022a10: 7374 656d 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 6976 stem, *note driv\n+00022a20: 656d 6170 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a emap::.....File:\n+00022a30: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00022a40: 653a 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 e: check_signatu\n+00022a50: 7265 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6368 6f73 res, Next: chos\n+00022a60: 656e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 696f 736e en, Prev: biosn\n+00022a70: 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c um, Up: Special\n+00022a80: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00022a90: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 2063 iables..15.1.2 c\n+00022aa0: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a heck_signatures.\n+00022ab0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00022ac0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 -------..This va\n+00022ad0: 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 riable controls \n+00022ae0: 7768 6574 6865 7220 4752 5542 2065 6e66 whether GRUB enf\n+00022af0: 6f72 6365 7320 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 orces digital si\n+00022b00: 676e 6174 7572 650a 7661 6c69 6461 7469 gnature.validati\n+00022b10: 6f6e 206f 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 696c on on loaded fil\n+00022b20: 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 es. *Note Using\n+00022b30: 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 digital signatu\n+00022b40: 7265 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 res::.....File: \n+00022b50: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00022b60: 3a20 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 204e 6578 743a : chosen, Next:\n+00022b70: 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a cmdpath, Prev:\n+00022b80: 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 check_signature\n+00022b90: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 s, Up: Special \n+00022ba0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00022bb0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3320 6368 ables..15.1.3 ch\n+00022bc0: 6f73 656e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d osen.-----------\n+00022bd0: 2d2d 0a0a 5768 656e 2065 7865 6375 7469 --..When executi\n+00022be0: 6e67 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c ng a menu entry,\n+00022bf0: 2047 5255 4220 7365 7473 2074 6865 2043 GRUB sets the C\n+00022c00: 484f 5345 4e20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 HOSEN variable t\n+00022c10: 6f20 7468 6520 7469 746c 650a 6f66 2074 o the title.of t\n+00022c20: 6865 2065 6e74 7279 2062 6569 6e67 2065 he entry being e\n+00022c30: 7865 6375 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 xecuted... If \n+00022c40: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 the menu entry i\n+00022c50: 7320 696e 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 s in one or more\n+00022c60: 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 732c 2074 6865 6e20 submenus, then \n+00022c70: 4348 4f53 454e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f CHOSEN is set to\n+00022c80: 0a74 6865 2074 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 2065 .the titles of e\n+00022c90: 6163 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2073 7562 6d65 ach of the subme\n+00022ca0: 6e75 7320 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f nus starting fro\n+00022cb0: 6d20 7468 6520 746f 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 m the top level \n+00022cc0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 0a62 7920 7468 6520 followed.by the \n+00022cd0: 7469 746c 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e title of the men\n+00022ce0: 7520 656e 7472 7920 6974 7365 6c66 2c20 u entry itself, \n+00022cf0: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 separated by ...\n+00022d00: 3ee2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 >........File: g\n+00022d10: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00022d20: 2063 6d64 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a cmdpath, Next:\n+00022d30: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 color_highlight\n+00022d40: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 686f 7365 6e2c , Prev: chosen,\n+00022d50: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00022d60: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00022d70: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3420 636d 6470 les..15.1.4 cmdp\n+00022d80: 6174 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ath.------------\n+00022d90: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e --..The location\n+00022da0: 2066 726f 6d20 7768 6963 6820 e280 9863 from which ...c\n+00022db0: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2077 6173 206c ore.img... was l\n+00022dc0: 6f61 6465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f oaded as an abso\n+00022dd0: 6c75 7465 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6e lute directory.n\n+00022de0: 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 ame (*note File \n+00022df0: 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 name syntax::). \n+00022e00: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2073 6574 2062 7920 This is set by \n+00022e10: 4752 5542 2061 7420 7374 6172 7475 7020 GRUB at startup \n+00022e20: 6261 7365 640a 6f6e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 based.on informa\n+00022e30: 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 7572 6e65 6420 6279 tion returned by\n+00022e40: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6669 726d 7761 platform firmwa\n+00022e50: 7265 2e20 204e 6f74 2065 7665 7279 2070 re. Not every p\n+00022e60: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 7072 6f76 6964 6573 latform.provides\n+00022e70: 2074 6869 7320 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f this informatio\n+00022e80: 6e20 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206d 6179 2072 n and some may r\n+00022e90: 6574 7572 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2064 6576 6963 eturn only devic\n+00022ea0: 6520 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7061 7468 0a6e e without path.n\n+00022eb0: 616d 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ame.....File: gr\n+00022ec0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00022ed0: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c color_highlight,\n+00022ee0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f Next: color_no\n+00022ef0: 726d 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d64 rmal, Prev: cmd\n+00022f00: 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 path, Up: Speci\n+00022f10: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00022f20: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e35 ariables..15.1.5\n+00022f30: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 color_highlight\n+00022f40: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00022f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 -------..This va\n+00022f60: 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 riable contains \n+00022f70: 7468 6520 2268 6967 686c 6967 6874 2220 the \"highlight\" \n+00022f80: 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 foreground and b\n+00022f90: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 640a 7465 726d 696e ackground.termin\n+00022fa0: 616c 2063 6f6c 6f72 732c 2073 6570 6172 al colors, separ\n+00022fb0: 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 ated by a slash \n+00022fc0: 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 (.../...). Sett\n+00022fd0: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c ing this variabl\n+00022fe0: 650a 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 6520 e.changes those \n+00022ff0: 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6865 colors. For the\n+00023000: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 available color\n+00023010: 206e 616d 6573 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f names, *note.co\n+00023020: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 lor_normal::... \n+00023030: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The default is\n+00023040: 20e2 8098 626c 6163 6b2f 6c69 6768 742d ...black/light-\n+00023050: 6772 6179 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 gray........File\n+00023060: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00023070: 6465 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c de: color_normal\n+00023080: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f , Next: config_\n+00023090: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 5072 6576 directory, Prev\n+000230a0: 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 : color_highligh\n+000230b0: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 t, Up: Special \n+000230c0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+000230d0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3620 636f ables..15.1.6 co\n+000230e0: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d lor_normal.-----\n+000230f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00023100: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f This variable co\n+00023110: 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2022 6e6f 726d ntains the \"norm\n+00023120: 616c 2220 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 al\" foreground a\n+00023130: 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 7465 nd background te\n+00023140: 726d 696e 616c 0a63 6f6c 6f72 732c 2073 rminal.colors, s\n+00023150: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c eparated by a sl\n+00023160: 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 ash (.../...). \n+00023170: 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2076 6172 Setting this var\n+00023180: 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 iable changes th\n+00023190: 6f73 650a 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 2045 6163 ose.colors. Eac\n+000231a0: 6820 636f 6c6f 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 h color must be \n+000231b0: 6120 6e61 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 a name from the \n+000231c0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6c69 7374 3a0a following list:.\n+000231d0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626c 6163 6b0a 2020 . ... black. \n+000231e0: 20e2 80a2 2062 6c75 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 ... blue. ...\n+000231f0: 2067 7265 656e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6379 green. ... cy\n+00023200: 616e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7265 640a 2020 an. ... red. \n+00023210: 20e2 80a2 206d 6167 656e 7461 0a20 2020 ... magenta. \n+00023220: e280 a220 6272 6f77 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ... brown. ...\n+00023230: 206c 6967 6874 2d67 7261 790a 2020 20e2 light-gray. .\n+00023240: 80a2 2064 6172 6b2d 6772 6179 0a20 2020 .. dark-gray. \n+00023250: e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 626c 7565 0a20 ... light-blue. \n+00023260: 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6565 ... light-gree\n+00023270: 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d63 n. ... light-c\n+00023280: 7961 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 yan. ... light\n+00023290: 2d72 6564 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 -red. ... ligh\n+000232a0: 742d 6d61 6765 6e74 610a 2020 20e2 80a2 t-magenta. ...\n+000232b0: 2079 656c 6c6f 770a 2020 20e2 80a2 2077 yellow. ... w\n+000232c0: 6869 7465 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 hite.. The def\n+000232d0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 986c 6967 6874 ault is ...light\n+000232e0: 2d67 7261 792f 626c 6163 6be2 8099 2e0a -gray/black.....\n+000232f0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 . The color su\n+00023300: 7070 6f72 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7661 pport support va\n+00023310: 7269 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7465 726d 696e ries from termin\n+00023320: 616c 2074 6f20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a al to terminal..\n+00023330: 0a20 2020 e280 986d 6f72 7365 e280 9920 . ...morse... \n+00023340: 6861 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 has no color sup\n+00023350: 706f 7274 2061 7420 616c 6c2e 0a0a 2020 port at all... \n+00023360: 20e2 8098 6d64 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 ...mda_text... \n+00023370: 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 color support is\n+00023380: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6869 6768 limited to high\n+00023390: 6c69 6768 7469 6e67 2062 7920 626c 6163 lighting by blac\n+000233a0: 6b2f 7768 6974 650a 7265 7665 7273 616c k/white.reversal\n+000233b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9863 6f6e 736f 6c65 ... ...console\n+000233c0: e280 9920 6f6e 2041 5243 2c20 454d 5520 ... on ARC, EMU \n+000233d0: 616e 6420 4945 4545 3132 3735 2c20 e280 and IEEE1275, ..\n+000233e0: 9873 6572 6961 6c5f 2ae2 8099 2061 6e64 .serial_*... and\n+000233f0: 20e2 8098 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d e280 9920 ...spkmodem... \n+00023400: 6172 650a 676f 7665 726e 6564 2062 7920 are.governed by \n+00023410: 7465 726d 696e 666f 2061 6e64 2073 7570 terminfo and sup\n+00023420: 706f 7274 206f 6e6c 7920 3820 636f 6c6f port only 8 colo\n+00023430: 7273 2069 6620 696e 206d 6f64 6573 20e2 rs if in modes .\n+00023440: 8098 7674 3130 302d 636f 6c6f 72e2 8099 ..vt100-color...\n+00023450: 0a28 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 636f .(default for co\n+00023460: 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2065 6d75 292c 20e2 nsole on emu), .\n+00023470: 8098 6172 63e2 8099 2028 6465 6661 756c ..arc... (defaul\n+00023480: 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e t for console on\n+00023490: 2041 5243 292c 0ae2 8098 6965 6565 3132 ARC),....ieee12\n+000234a0: 3735 e280 9920 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2066 75... (default f\n+000234b0: 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 4945 or console on IE\n+000234c0: 4545 3132 3735 292e 2020 5768 656e 2069 EE1275). When i\n+000234d0: 6e20 6d6f 6465 20e2 8098 7674 3130 30e2 n mode ...vt100.\n+000234e0: 8099 2074 6865 6e0a 7468 6520 636f 6c6f .. then.the colo\n+000234f0: 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 206c 696d r support is lim\n+00023500: 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6869 6768 6c69 6768 ited to highligh\n+00023510: 7469 6e67 2062 7920 626c 6163 6b2f 7768 ting by black/wh\n+00023520: 6974 6520 7265 7665 7273 616c 2e0a 5768 ite reversal..Wh\n+00023530: 656e 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 20e2 8098 6475 en in mode ...du\n+00023540: 6d62 e280 9920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e mb... there is n\n+00023550: 6f20 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 742e o color support.\n+00023560: 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 636f 6e73 6f6c .. When consol\n+00023570: 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 206e 6f20 636f e supports no co\n+00023580: 6c6f 7273 2074 6869 7320 7365 7474 696e lors this settin\n+00023590: 6720 6973 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e20 2057 g is ignored. W\n+000235a0: 6865 6e0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 7375 7070 hen.console supp\n+000235b0: 6f72 7473 2038 2063 6f6c 6f72 732c 2074 orts 8 colors, t\n+000235c0: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2066 hen the colors f\n+000235d0: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2068 rom the second h\n+000235e0: 616c 6620 6f66 2074 6865 0a70 7265 7669 alf of the.previ\n+000235f0: 6f75 7320 6c69 7374 2061 7265 206d 6170 ous list are map\n+00023600: 7065 6420 746f 2074 6865 206d 6174 6368 ped to the match\n+00023610: 696e 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 206f 6620 6669 ing colors of fi\n+00023620: 7273 7420 6861 6c66 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 rst half... ..\n+00023630: 9863 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 9920 6f6e 2045 .console... on E\n+00023640: 4649 2061 6e64 2042 494f 5320 616e 6420 FI and BIOS and \n+00023650: e280 9876 6761 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2073 ...vga_text... s\n+00023660: 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 2031 3620 636f upport all 16 co\n+00023670: 6c6f 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 6678 lors... ...gfx\n+00023680: 7465 726d e280 9920 7375 7070 6f72 7473 term... supports\n+00023690: 2061 6c6c 2031 3620 636f 6c6f 7273 2061 all 16 colors a\n+000236a0: 6e64 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7468 656f nd would be theo\n+000236b0: 7265 7469 6361 6c6c 790a 6578 7465 6e64 retically.extend\n+000236c0: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 able to support \n+000236d0: 7768 6f6c 6520 7267 6232 3420 7061 6c65 whole rgb24 pale\n+000236e0: 7474 6520 6275 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c tte but currentl\n+000236f0: 7920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f0a 636f y there is no.co\n+00023700: 6d70 656c 6c69 6e67 2072 6561 736f 6e20 mpelling reason \n+00023710: 746f 2067 6f20 6265 796f 6e64 2074 6865 to go beyond the\n+00023720: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2031 3620 636f 6c6f current 16 colo\n+00023730: 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 rs.....File: gru\n+00023740: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n+00023750: 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c onfig_directory,\n+00023760: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 Next: config_f\n+00023770: 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6c6f ile, Prev: colo\n+00023780: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2053 r_normal, Up: S\n+00023790: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+000237a0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+000237b0: 2e31 2e37 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 7265 .1.7 config_dire\n+000237c0: 6374 6f72 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ctory.----------\n+000237d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n+000237e0: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n+000237f0: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 automatically se\n+00023800: 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 t by GRUB to the\n+00023810: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2070 6172 7420 directory part \n+00023820: 6f66 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 2063 6f6e 6669 of.current confi\n+00023830: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6e61 guration file na\n+00023840: 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6e66 6967 me (*note config\n+00023850: 5f66 696c 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c _file::).....Fil\n+00023860: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00023870: 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 ode: config_file\n+00023880: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6562 7567 2c20 , Next: debug, \n+00023890: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6469 Prev: config_di\n+000238a0: 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 rectory, Up: Sp\n+000238b0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+000238c0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+000238d0: 312e 3820 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 650a 1.8 config_file.\n+000238e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000238f0: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c --..This variabl\n+00023900: 6520 6973 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c e is automatical\n+00023910: 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 2074 ly set by GRUB t\n+00023920: 6f20 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 636f o the name of co\n+00023930: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 6669 6c65 nfiguration.file\n+00023940: 2074 6861 7420 6973 2062 6569 6e67 2070 that is being p\n+00023950: 726f 6365 7373 6564 2062 7920 636f 6d6d rocessed by comm\n+00023960: 616e 6473 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 ands ...configfi\n+00023970: 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6e le... (*note.con\n+00023980: 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 206f 7220 e280 figfile::) or ..\n+00023990: 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 .normal... (*not\n+000239a0: 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 4974 e normal::). It\n+000239b0: 2069 7320 7265 7374 6f72 6564 2074 6f20 is restored to \n+000239c0: 7468 650a 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 616c the.previous val\n+000239d0: 7565 2077 6865 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ue when command \n+000239e0: 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 completes.....Fi\n+000239f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00023a00: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 4e65 Node: debug, Ne\n+00023a10: 7874 3a20 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 5072 xt: default, Pr\n+00023a20: 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c ev: config_file,\n+00023a30: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00023a40: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00023a50: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3920 6465 6275 les..15.1.9 debu\n+00023a60: 670a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a g.------------..\n+00023a70: 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 This variable ma\n+00023a80: 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 656e 6162 y be set to enab\n+00023a90: 6c65 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f 7574 le debugging out\n+00023aa0: 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2076 6172 696f 7573 put from various\n+00023ab0: 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 6f66 2047 .components of G\n+00023ac0: 5255 422e 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 2069 RUB. The value i\n+00023ad0: 7320 616e 206f 7264 6572 6564 206c 6973 s an ordered lis\n+00023ae0: 7420 6f66 2064 6562 7567 2066 6163 696c t of debug facil\n+00023af0: 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 730a 7365 7061 7261 ity names.separa\n+00023b00: 7465 6420 6279 2077 6869 7465 7370 6163 ted by whitespac\n+00023b10: 6520 6f72 20e2 8098 2ce2 8099 2e20 2049 e or ...,.... I\n+00023b20: 6620 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6661 f the special fa\n+00023b30: 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 cility named ...\n+00023b40: 616c 6ce2 8099 2069 730a 7072 6573 656e all... is.presen\n+00023b50: 7420 7468 656e 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 t then debugging\n+00023b60: 206f 7574 7075 7420 6f66 2061 6c6c 2066 output of all f\n+00023b70: 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 7320 6973 acility names is\n+00023b80: 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2061 7420 7468 650a enabled at the.\n+00023b90: 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2070 726f 6365 7373 start of process\n+00023ba0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 ing the value of\n+00023bb0: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2e20 this variable. \n+00023bc0: 2041 2066 6163 696c 6974 7927 7320 6465 A facility's de\n+00023bd0: 6275 670a 6f75 7470 7574 2063 616e 2074 bug.output can t\n+00023be0: 6865 6e20 6265 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 hen be disabled \n+00023bf0: 6279 2070 7265 6669 7869 6e67 2069 7473 by prefixing its\n+00023c00: 206e 616d 6520 7769 7468 2061 20e2 8098 name with a ...\n+00023c10: 2de2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6173 740a -.... The last.\n+00023c20: 6f63 6375 7265 6e63 6520 6661 6369 6c69 occurence facili\n+00023c30: 7479 206e 616d 6520 7769 7468 206f 7220 ty name with or \n+00023c40: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6120 6c65 6164 696e without a leadin\n+00023c50: 6720 e280 982d e280 9920 7461 6b65 7320 g ...-... takes \n+00023c60: 7072 6563 656e 6465 6e74 0a6f 7665 7220 precendent.over \n+00023c70: 616e 7920 7072 6576 696f 7573 206f 6363 any previous occ\n+00023c80: 7572 656e 6365 2e20 2054 6869 7320 616c urence. This al\n+00023c90: 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 2065 6173 7920 656e lows the easy en\n+00023ca0: 6162 6c69 6e67 206f 7220 6469 7361 626c abling or disabl\n+00023cb0: 696e 670a 6f66 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 ing.of facilitie\n+00023cc0: 7320 6279 2061 7070 656e 6469 6e67 2061 s by appending a\n+00023cd0: 20e2 8098 2ce2 8099 2061 6e64 2074 6865 ...,... and the\n+00023ce0: 6e20 7468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e n the facility n\n+00023cf0: 616d 6520 7769 7468 206f 720a 7769 7468 ame with or.with\n+00023d00: 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6c65 6164 696e 6720 out the leading \n+00023d10: e280 982d e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2077 ...-..., which w\n+00023d20: 696c 6c20 7072 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 ill preserve the\n+00023d30: 2073 7461 7465 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 state of the re\n+00023d40: 7374 206f 660a 7468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 st of.the facili\n+00023d50: 7469 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6163 696c ties. The facil\n+00023d60: 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 7468 ity names are th\n+00023d70: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 e first argument\n+00023d80: 2074 6f0a 6772 7562 5f64 7072 696e 7466 to.grub_dprintf\n+00023d90: 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 2074 6865 2073 . Consult the s\n+00023da0: 6f75 7263 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 ource for more d\n+00023db0: 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a etails.....File:\n+00023dc0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00023dd0: 653a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 204e 6578 e: default, Nex\n+00023de0: 743a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 5072 t: fallback, Pr\n+00023df0: 6576 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: debug, Up: \n+00023e00: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00023e10: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00023e20: 352e 312e 3130 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a2d 5.1.10 default.-\n+00023e30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00023e40: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n+00023e50: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6964 656e is set, it iden\n+00023e60: 7469 6669 6573 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e tifies a menu en\n+00023e70: 7472 7920 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 try that should \n+00023e80: 6265 0a73 656c 6563 7465 6420 6279 2064 be.selected by d\n+00023e90: 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 706f 7373 6962 6c79 efault, possibly\n+00023ea0: 2061 6674 6572 2061 2074 696d 656f 7574 after a timeout\n+00023eb0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 743a (*note timeout:\n+00023ec0: 3a29 2e20 2054 6865 0a65 6e74 7279 206d :). The.entry m\n+00023ed0: 6179 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 ay be identified\n+00023ee0: 2062 7920 6e75 6d62 6572 2028 7374 6172 by number (star\n+00023ef0: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 3020 6174 2065 ting from 0 at e\n+00023f00: 6163 6820 6c65 7665 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 ach level of the\n+00023f10: 0a68 6965 7261 7263 6879 292c 2062 7920 .hierarchy), by \n+00023f20: 7469 746c 652c 206f 7220 6279 2069 642e title, or by id.\n+00023f30: 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 .. For example\n+00023f40: 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 653a 0a0a , if you have:..\n+00023f50: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 2745 7861 6d70 menuentry 'Examp\n+00023f60: 6c65 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2064 6973 le GNU/Linux dis\n+00023f70: 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e27 202d 2d63 6c61 tribution' --cla\n+00023f80: 7373 2067 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 202d 2d69 ss gnu-linux --i\n+00023f90: 6420 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 d example-gnu-li\n+00023fa0: 6e75 7820 7b0a 092e 2e2e 0a7d 0a0a 2020 nux {......}.. \n+00023fb0: 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6d61 then you can ma\n+00023fc0: 6b65 2074 6869 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 ke this the defa\n+00023fd0: 756c 7420 7573 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 ult using:.. \n+00023fe0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 3d65 7861 6d70 6c65 default=example\n+00023ff0: 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 0a0a 2020 2049 -gnu-linux.. I\n+00024000: 6620 7468 6520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2069 f the entry is i\n+00024010: 6e20 6120 7375 626d 656e 752c 2074 6865 n a submenu, the\n+00024020: 6e20 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 6465 n it must be ide\n+00024030: 6e74 6966 6965 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 ntified using th\n+00024040: 650a 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7469 746c 652c e.number, title,\n+00024050: 206f 7220 6964 206f 6620 6561 6368 206f or id of each o\n+00024060: 6620 7468 6520 7375 626d 656e 7573 2073 f the submenus s\n+00024070: 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 tarting from the\n+00024080: 2074 6f70 0a6c 6576 656c 2c20 666f 6c6c top.level, foll\n+00024090: 6f77 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 owed by the numb\n+000240a0: 6572 2c20 7469 746c 652c 206f 7220 6964 er, title, or id\n+000240b0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 of the menu ent\n+000240c0: 7279 2069 7473 656c 662c 0a77 6974 6820 ry itself,.with \n+000240d0: 6561 6368 2065 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 6570 each element sep\n+000240e0: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 983e e280 arated by ...>..\n+000240f0: 992e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c .. For example,\n+00024100: 2074 616b 6520 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 take the follow\n+00024110: 696e 670a 6d65 6e75 2073 7472 7563 7475 ing.menu structu\n+00024120: 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 474e 552f 4875 re:.. GNU/Hu\n+00024130: 7264 202d 2d69 6420 676e 752d 6875 7264 rd --id gnu-hurd\n+00024140: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 5374 616e 6461 7264 . Standard\n+00024150: 2042 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6964 3d67 6e75 2d68 Boot --id=gnu-h\n+00024160: 7572 642d 7374 640a 2020 2020 2020 2052 urd-std. R\n+00024170: 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c20 2d2d 6964 escue shell --id\n+00024180: 3d67 6e75 2d68 7572 642d 7265 7363 7565 =gnu-hurd-rescue\n+00024190: 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7220 706c 6174 . Other plat\n+000241a0: 666f 726d 7320 2d2d 6964 3d6f 7468 6572 forms --id=other\n+000241b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4d69 6e69 7820 2d2d . Minix --\n+000241c0: 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 0a20 2020 2020 2020 id=minix. \n+000241d0: 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 332e 342e 3020 Version 3.4.0 \n+000241e0: 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e34 2e30 --id=minix-3.4.0\n+000241f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f . Versio\n+00024200: 6e20 332e 332e 3020 2d2d 6964 3d6d 696e n 3.3.0 --id=min\n+00024210: 6978 2d33 2e33 2e30 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ix-3.3.0. \n+00024220: 4752 5542 2049 6e76 6164 6572 7320 2d2d GRUB Invaders --\n+00024230: 6964 3d67 7275 622d 696e 7661 6465 7273 id=grub-invaders\n+00024240: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206d 6f72 6520 7265 .. The more re\n+00024250: 6365 6e74 2072 656c 6561 7365 206f 6620 cent release of \n+00024260: 4d69 6e69 7820 776f 756c 6420 7468 656e Minix would then\n+00024270: 2062 6520 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2061 be identified a\n+00024280: 7320 e280 984f 7468 6572 0a70 6c61 7466 s ...Other.platf\n+00024290: 6f72 6d73 3e4d 696e 6978 3e56 6572 7369 orms>Minix>Versi\n+000242a0: 6f6e 2033 2e34 2e30 e280 992c 206f 7220 on 3.4.0..., or \n+000242b0: 6173 20e2 8098 313e 303e 30e2 8099 2c20 as ...1>0>0..., \n+000242c0: 6f72 2061 730a e280 986f 7468 6572 3e6d or as....other>m\n+000242d0: 696e 6978 3e6d 696e 6978 2d33 2e34 2e30 inix>minix-3.4.0\n+000242e0: e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 ...... This va\n+000242f0: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 riable is often \n+00024300: 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 set by ...GRUB_D\n+00024310: 4546 4155 4c54 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 EFAULT... (*note\n+00024320: 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple.configur\n+00024330: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2c20 e280 9867 7275 ation::), ...gru\n+00024340: 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 b-set-default...\n+00024350: 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d72 6562 , or ...grub-reb\n+00024360: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a oot........File:\n+00024370: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00024380: 653a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c 2020 4e65 e: fallback, Ne\n+00024390: 7874 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 5072 xt: gfxmode, Pr\n+000243a0: 6576 3a20 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 5570 ev: default, Up\n+000243b0: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+000243c0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+000243d0: 0a31 352e 312e 3131 2066 616c 6c62 6163 .15.1.11 fallbac\n+000243e0: 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d k.--------------\n+000243f0: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 --..If this vari\n+00024400: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 able is set, it \n+00024410: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6573 2061 206d 656e identifies a men\n+00024420: 7520 656e 7472 7920 7468 6174 2073 686f u entry that sho\n+00024430: 756c 6420 6265 0a73 656c 6563 7465 6420 uld be.selected \n+00024440: 6966 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d if the default m\n+00024450: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6661 696c 7320 enu entry fails \n+00024460: 746f 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 456e 7472 6965 to boot. Entrie\n+00024470: 7320 6172 650a 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 s are.identified\n+00024480: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2077 6179 in the same way\n+00024490: 2061 7320 666f 7220 e280 9864 6566 6175 as for ...defau\n+000244a0: 6c74 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2064 6566 lt... (*note def\n+000244b0: 6175 6c74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ault::).....File\n+000244c0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000244d0: 6465 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 652c 2020 4e65 de: gfxmode, Ne\n+000244e0: 7874 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 xt: gfxpayload, \n+000244f0: 2050 7265 763a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b2c Prev: fallback,\n+00024500: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00024510: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00024520: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3132 2067 6678 les..15.1.12 gfx\n+00024530: 6d6f 6465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mode.-----------\n+00024540: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n+00024550: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 riable is set, i\n+00024560: 7420 7365 7473 2074 6865 2072 6573 6f6c t sets the resol\n+00024570: 7574 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 7468 ution used on th\n+00024580: 6520 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 990a e ...gfxterm....\n+00024590: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e graphical termin\n+000245a0: 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2079 al. Note that y\n+000245b0: 6f75 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6520 ou can only use \n+000245c0: 6d6f 6465 7320 7768 6963 6820 796f 7572 modes which your\n+000245d0: 0a67 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 2073 .graphics card s\n+000245e0: 7570 706f 7274 7320 7669 6120 5645 5341 upports via VESA\n+000245f0: 2042 494f 5320 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 BIOS Extensions\n+00024600: 2028 5642 4529 2c20 736f 2066 6f72 2065 (VBE), so for e\n+00024610: 7861 6d70 6c65 0a6e 6174 6976 6520 4c43 xample.native LC\n+00024620: 4420 7061 6e65 6c20 7265 736f 6c75 7469 D panel resoluti\n+00024630: 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 ons may not be a\n+00024640: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 2064 vailable. The d\n+00024650: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 730a e280 9861 7574 efault is....aut\n+00024660: 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7365 6c65 o..., which sele\n+00024670: 6374 7320 6120 706c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 cts a platform-s\n+00024680: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6465 6661 756c 7420 pecific default \n+00024690: 7468 6174 2073 686f 756c 6420 6c6f 6f6b that should look\n+000246a0: 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c 652e 2020 5375 .reasonable. Su\n+000246b0: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6d6f 6465 7320 6361 pported modes ca\n+000246c0: 6e20 6265 206c 6973 7465 6420 6279 20e2 n be listed by .\n+000246d0: 8098 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6fe2 8099 2063 ..videoinfo... c\n+000246e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e0a 4752 5542 2e0a ommand in.GRUB..\n+000246f0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7265 736f 6c75 7469 . The resoluti\n+00024700: 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 on may be specif\n+00024710: 6965 6420 6173 2061 2073 6571 7565 6e63 ied as a sequenc\n+00024720: 6520 6f66 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 e of one or more\n+00024730: 206d 6f64 6573 2c0a 7365 7061 7261 7465 modes,.separate\n+00024740: 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 7320 28e2 8098 d by commas (...\n+00024750: 2ce2 8099 2920 6f72 2073 656d 6963 6f6c ,...) or semicol\n+00024760: 6f6e 7320 28e2 8098 3be2 8099 293b 2065 ons (...;...); e\n+00024770: 6163 6820 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6965 ach will be trie\n+00024780: 6420 696e 0a74 7572 6e20 756e 7469 6c20 d in.turn until \n+00024790: 6f6e 6520 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2e20 2045 one is found. E\n+000247a0: 6163 6820 6d6f 6465 2073 686f 756c 6420 ach mode should \n+000247b0: 6265 2065 6974 6865 7220 e280 9861 7574 be either ...aut\n+000247c0: 6fe2 8099 2c0a e280 9857 4944 5448 7848 o...,....WIDTHxH\n+000247d0: 4549 4748 54e2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 EIGHT..., or ...\n+000247e0: 5749 4454 4878 4845 4947 4854 7844 4550 WIDTHxHEIGHTxDEP\n+000247f0: 5448 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 TH........File: \n+00024800: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00024810: 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 204e : gfxpayload, N\n+00024820: 6578 743a 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e ext: gfxterm_fon\n+00024830: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6766 786d 6f64 t, Prev: gfxmod\n+00024840: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 e, Up: Special \n+00024850: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00024860: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3133 2067 ables..15.1.13 g\n+00024870: 6678 7061 796c 6f61 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fxpayload.------\n+00024880: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n+00024890: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n+000248a0: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 636f 6e74 726f s set, it contro\n+000248b0: 6c73 2074 6865 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 ls the video mod\n+000248c0: 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 204c e in which the L\n+000248d0: 696e 7578 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 7374 6172 inux.kernel star\n+000248e0: 7473 2075 702c 2072 6570 6c61 6369 6e67 ts up, replacing\n+000248f0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 the ...vga=... \n+00024900: 626f 6f74 206f 7074 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f boot option (*no\n+00024910: 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 292e 2020 4974 te linux::). It\n+00024920: 0a6d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 .may be set to .\n+00024930: 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 746f 2066 6f72 ..text... to for\n+00024940: 6365 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 ce the Linux ker\n+00024950: 6e65 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206e nel to boot in n\n+00024960: 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 0a6d 6f64 652c ormal text.mode,\n+00024970: 20e2 8098 6b65 6570 e280 9920 746f 2070 ...keep... to p\n+00024980: 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 6772 6170 reserve the grap\n+00024990: 6869 6373 206d 6f64 6520 7365 7420 7573 hics mode set us\n+000249a0: 696e 6720 e280 9867 6678 6d6f 6465 e280 ing ...gfxmode..\n+000249b0: 992c 206f 7220 616e 790a 6f66 2074 6865 ., or any.of the\n+000249c0: 2070 6572 6d69 7474 6564 2076 616c 7565 permitted value\n+000249d0: 7320 666f 7220 e280 9867 6678 6d6f 6465 s for ...gfxmode\n+000249e0: e280 9920 746f 2073 6574 2061 2070 6172 ... to set a par\n+000249f0: 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 ticular graphics\n+00024a00: 206d 6f64 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6678 mode.(*note gfx\n+00024a10: 6d6f 6465 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2044 6570 mode::)... Dep\n+00024a20: 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206b ending on your k\n+00024a30: 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 6f75 7220 6469 7374 ernel, your dist\n+00024a40: 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 796f 7572 2067 ribution, your g\n+00024a50: 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 2c20 616e raphics card, an\n+00024a60: 640a 7468 6520 7068 6173 6520 6f66 2074 d.the phase of t\n+00024a70: 6865 206d 6f6f 6e2c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 he moon, note th\n+00024a80: 6174 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6f70 at using this op\n+00024a90: 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2063 6175 7365 2047 tion may cause G\n+00024aa0: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 0a74 6f20 7375 6666 NU/Linux.to suff\n+00024ab0: 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 er from various \n+00024ac0: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 display problems\n+00024ad0: 2c20 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2064 , particularly d\n+00024ae0: 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 6561 726c 790a uring the early.\n+00024af0: 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f 6f74 part of the boot\n+00024b00: 2073 6571 7565 6e63 652e 2020 4966 2079 sequence. If y\n+00024b10: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 ou have problems\n+00024b20: 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 , set this varia\n+00024b30: 626c 6520 746f 0ae2 8098 7465 7874 e280 ble to....text..\n+00024b40: 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 . and GRUB will \n+00024b50: 7465 6c6c 204c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 626f tell Linux to bo\n+00024b60: 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 6578 ot in normal tex\n+00024b70: 7420 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 t mode... The \n+00024b80: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2070 6c61 7466 default is platf\n+00024b90: 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2e20 204f orm-specific. O\n+00024ba0: 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7769 7468 n platforms with\n+00024bb0: 2061 206e 6174 6976 6520 7465 7874 0a6d a native text.m\n+00024bc0: 6f64 6520 2873 7563 6820 6173 2050 4320 ode (such as PC \n+00024bd0: 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 292c BIOS platforms),\n+00024be0: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 the default is \n+00024bf0: e280 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2e20 204f 7468 ...text.... Oth\n+00024c00: 6572 7769 7365 2074 6865 0a64 6566 6175 erwise the.defau\n+00024c10: 6c74 206d 6179 2062 6520 e280 9861 7574 lt may be ...aut\n+00024c20: 6fe2 8099 206f 7220 6120 7370 6563 6966 o... or a specif\n+00024c30: 6963 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a ic video mode...\n+00024c40: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 This variable\n+00024c50: 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 is often set by\n+00024c60: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 5041 594c ...GRUB_GFXPAYL\n+00024c70: 4f41 445f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2028 2a6e OAD_LINUX... (*n\n+00024c80: 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 ote Simple.confi\n+00024c90: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a guration::).....\n+00024ca0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00024cb0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f Node: gfxterm_\n+00024cc0: 666f 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 7275 font, Next: gru\n+00024cd0: 625f 6370 752c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6766 b_cpu, Prev: gf\n+00024ce0: 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 2c20 2055 703a 2053 xpayload, Up: S\n+00024cf0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00024d00: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00024d10: 2e31 2e31 3420 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f .1.14 gfxterm_fo\n+00024d20: 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nt.-------------\n+00024d30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n+00024d40: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n+00024d50: 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2061 2066 6f6e , it names a fon\n+00024d60: 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6578 t to use for tex\n+00024d70: 7420 6f6e 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6766 7874 t on the....gfxt\n+00024d80: 6572 6de2 8099 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c erm... graphical\n+00024d90: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 4f74 6865 terminal. Othe\n+00024da0: 7277 6973 652c 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 rwise, ...gfxter\n+00024db0: 6de2 8099 206d 6179 2075 7365 2061 6e79 m... may use any\n+00024dc0: 0a61 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f6e 742e .available font.\n+00024dd0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00024de0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6772 7562 nfo, Node: grub\n+00024df0: 5f63 7075 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 7275 _cpu, Next: gru\n+00024e00: 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 2050 7265 b_platform, Pre\n+00024e10: 763a 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c v: gfxterm_font,\n+00024e20: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00024e30: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00024e40: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3135 2067 7275 les..15.1.15 gru\n+00024e50: 625f 6370 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d b_cpu.----------\n+00024e60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 496e 206e 6f72 6d61 ------..In norma\n+00024e70: 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f l mode (*note no\n+00024e80: 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 4220 7365 rmal::), GRUB se\n+00024e90: 7473 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 5f63 ts the ...grub_c\n+00024ea0: 7075 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 pu... variable t\n+00024eb0: 6f0a 7468 6520 4350 5520 7479 7065 2066 o.the CPU type f\n+00024ec0: 6f72 2077 6869 6368 2047 5255 4220 7761 or which GRUB wa\n+00024ed0: 7320 6275 696c 7420 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 s built (e.g. .\n+00024ee0: 8098 6933 3836 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 ..i386... or ...\n+00024ef0: 706f 7765 7270 63e2 8099 292e 0a0a 1f0a powerpc...).....\n+00024f00: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00024f10: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 Node: grub_pla\n+00024f20: 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6963 tform, Next: ic\n+00024f30: 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6772 ondir, Prev: gr\n+00024f40: 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 ub_cpu, Up: Spe\n+00024f50: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00024f60: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00024f70: 2e31 3620 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 .16 grub_platfor\n+00024f80: 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d m.--------------\n+00024f90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6e20 6e6f 726d -------..In norm\n+00024fa0: 616c 206d 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e al mode (*note n\n+00024fb0: 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 2073 ormal::), GRUB s\n+00024fc0: 6574 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 625f ets the ...grub_\n+00024fd0: 706c 6174 666f 726d e280 9920 7661 7269 platform... vari\n+00024fe0: 6162 6c65 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 706c 6174 able.to the plat\n+00024ff0: 666f 726d 2066 6f72 2077 6869 6368 2047 form for which G\n+00025000: 5255 4220 7761 7320 6275 696c 7420 2865 RUB was built (e\n+00025010: 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 7063 e280 9920 6f72 .g. ...pc... or\n+00025020: 20e2 8098 6566 69e2 8099 292e 0a0a 1f0a ...efi...).....\n+00025030: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00025040: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 722c Node: icondir,\n+00025050: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 2050 Next: lang, P\n+00025060: 7265 763a 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f rev: grub_platfo\n+00025070: 726d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c rm, Up: Special\n+00025080: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00025090: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3720 iables..15.1.17 \n+000250a0: 6963 6f6e 6469 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d icondir.--------\n+000250b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n+000250c0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n+000250d0: 2c20 6974 206e 616d 6573 2061 2064 6972 , it names a dir\n+000250e0: 6563 746f 7279 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 ectory in which \n+000250f0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 0a67 7261 7068 6963 the GRUB.graphic\n+00025100: 616c 206d 656e 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 206c al menu should l\n+00025110: 6f6f 6b20 666f 7220 6963 6f6e 7320 6166 ook for icons af\n+00025120: 7465 7220 6c6f 6f6b 696e 6720 696e 2074 ter looking in t\n+00025130: 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2773 0ae2 8098 6963 he theme's....ic\n+00025140: 6f6e 73e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 ons... directory\n+00025150: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2054 6865 6d65 2066 . *Note Theme f\n+00025160: 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f ile format::....\n+00025170: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00025180: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 616e 672c 2020 , Node: lang, \n+00025190: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 Next: locale_dir\n+000251a0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 636f 6e64 6972 , Prev: icondir\n+000251b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+000251c0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+000251d0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3820 6c61 bles..15.1.18 la\n+000251e0: 6e67 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ng.------------.\n+000251f0: 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c .If this variabl\n+00025200: 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e 616d e is set, it nam\n+00025210: 6573 2074 6865 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 es the language \n+00025220: 636f 6465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 e280 code that the ..\n+00025230: 9867 6574 7465 7874 e280 990a 636f 6d6d .gettext....comm\n+00025240: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 6574 7465 and (*note gette\n+00025250: 7874 3a3a 2920 7573 6573 2074 6f20 7472 xt::) uses to tr\n+00025260: 616e 736c 6174 6520 7374 7269 6e67 732e anslate strings.\n+00025270: 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 0a46 For example,.F\n+00025280: 7265 6e63 6820 776f 756c 6420 6265 206e rench would be n\n+00025290: 616d 6564 2061 7320 e280 9866 72e2 8099 amed as ...fr...\n+000252a0: 2c20 616e 6420 5369 6d70 6c69 6669 6564 , and Simplified\n+000252b0: 2043 6869 6e65 7365 2061 7320 e280 987a Chinese as ...z\n+000252c0: 685f 434e e280 992e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 h_CN...... ...\n+000252d0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+000252e0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 (*note Simple c\n+000252f0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 onfiguration::) \n+00025300: 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6f20 7365 7420 will try to set \n+00025310: 610a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2064 6566 a.reasonable def\n+00025320: 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7661 ault for this va\n+00025330: 7269 6162 6c65 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 riable based on \n+00025340: 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 206c 6f63 616c the system local\n+00025350: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n+00025360: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f .info, Node: lo\n+00025370: 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 204e 6578 743a cale_dir, Next:\n+00025380: 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 lockdown, Prev\n+00025390: 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 : lang, Up: Spe\n+000253a0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+000253b0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+000253c0: 2e31 3920 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 0a2d .19 locale_dir.-\n+000253d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000253e0: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n+000253f0: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 206e ble is set, it n\n+00025400: 616d 6573 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 746f ames the directo\n+00025410: 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 ry where transla\n+00025420: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 0a6d 6179 2062 tion files.may b\n+00025430: 6520 666f 756e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2067 e found (*note g\n+00025440: 6574 7465 7874 3a3a 292c 2075 7375 616c ettext::), usual\n+00025450: 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ly .../boot/grub\n+00025460: 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 2e20 204f 7468 /locale.... Oth\n+00025470: 6572 7769 7365 2c0a 696e 7465 726e 6174 erwise,.internat\n+00025480: 696f 6e61 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 ionalization is \n+00025490: 6469 7361 626c 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 disabled... ..\n+000254a0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n+000254b0: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 . (*note Simple \n+000254c0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n+000254d0: 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 6120 7265 6173 will set a reas\n+000254e0: 6f6e 6162 6c65 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 2066 onable.default f\n+000254f0: 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 or this variable\n+00025500: 2069 6620 696e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 if internationa\n+00025510: 6c69 7a61 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e65 6564 lization is need\n+00025520: 6564 2061 6e64 2061 6e79 0a74 7261 6e73 ed and any.trans\n+00025530: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 lation files are\n+00025540: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 available.....F\n+00025550: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00025560: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c Node: lockdown,\n+00025570: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c Next: menu_col\n+00025580: 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2050 or_highlight, P\n+00025590: 7265 763a 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c rev: locale_dir,\n+000255a0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+000255b0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+000255c0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3230 206c 6f63 les..15.1.20 loc\n+000255d0: 6b64 6f77 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d kdown.----------\n+000255e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 ------..If this \n+000255f0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 variable is set \n+00025600: 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2c20 6974 206d to ...y..., it m\n+00025610: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2068 eans that GRUB h\n+00025620: 6173 2065 6e74 6572 6564 202a 6e6f 7465 as entered *note\n+00025630: 0a4c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a20 6d6f 6465 .Lockdown:: mode\n+00025640: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00025650: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e info, Node: men\n+00025660: 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 u_color_highligh\n+00025670: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 t, Next: menu_c\n+00025680: 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 olor_normal, Pr\n+00025690: 6576 3a20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2055 ev: lockdown, U\n+000256a0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+000256b0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+000256c0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3120 6d65 6e75 5f63 ..15.1.21 menu_c\n+000256d0: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 0a2d olor_highlight.-\n+000256e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000256f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n+00025700: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 s variable conta\n+00025710: 696e 7320 7468 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 ins the foregrou\n+00025720: 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e nd and backgroun\n+00025730: 6420 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 6f20 6265 2075 d colors to be u\n+00025740: 7365 640a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6869 6768 sed.for the high\n+00025750: 6c69 6768 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 lighted menu ent\n+00025760: 7279 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 ry, separated by\n+00025770: 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 e280 982f e280 a slash (.../..\n+00025780: 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6869 .). Setting.thi\n+00025790: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 s variable chang\n+000257a0: 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e es those colors.\n+000257b0: 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 For the availa\n+000257c0: 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 732c ble color names,\n+000257d0: 0a2a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 .*note color_nor\n+000257e0: 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 mal::... The d\n+000257f0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 7468 6520 7661 efault is the va\n+00025800: 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 636f 6c6f 725f lue of ...color_\n+00025810: 6869 6768 6c69 6768 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e highlight... (*n\n+00025820: 6f74 650a 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 ote.color_highli\n+00025830: 6768 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ght::).....File:\n+00025840: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00025850: 653a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f e: menu_color_no\n+00025860: 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 rmal, Next: net\n+00025870: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f __boo\n+00025880: 745f 6669 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d t_file, Prev: m\n+00025890: 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 enu_color_highli\n+000258a0: 6768 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ght, Up: Specia\n+000258b0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+000258c0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3232 riables..15.1.22\n+000258d0: 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d menu_color_norm\n+000258e0: 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d al.-------------\n+000258f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+00025900: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 is variable cont\n+00025910: 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6567 726f ains the foregro\n+00025920: 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 und and backgrou\n+00025930: 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 746f 2062 6520 nd colors to be \n+00025940: 7573 6564 0a66 6f72 206e 6f6e 2d68 6967 used.for non-hig\n+00025950: 686c 6967 6874 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e hlighted menu en\n+00025960: 7472 6965 732c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 tries, separated\n+00025970: 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 by a slash (...\n+00025980: 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 670a /...). Setting.\n+00025990: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 this variable ch\n+000259a0: 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f anges those colo\n+000259b0: 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 rs. For the ava\n+000259c0: 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d ilable color nam\n+000259d0: 6573 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f es,.*note color_\n+000259e0: 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 normal::... Th\n+000259f0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6865 e default is the\n+00025a00: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 e280 9863 6f6c value of ...col\n+00025a10: 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e or_normal... (*n\n+00025a20: 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c ote color_normal\n+00025a30: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n+00025a40: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00025a50: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00025a60: 626f 6f74 5f66 696c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 boot_file, Next\n+00025a70: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__clientid, Pre\n+00025a90: 763a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f v: menu_color_no\n+00025aa0: 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 rmal, Up: Speci\n+00025ab0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00025ac0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 ariables..15.1.2\n+00025ad0: 3320 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3 net__boot_file.----\n+00025af0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n+00025b10: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n+00025b20: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00025b30: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c fo, Node: net_<\n+00025b40: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 656e INTERFACE>_clien\n+00025b50: 7469 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f tid, Next: net_\n+00025b60: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c 6965 _clie\n+00025b70: 6e74 7575 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e ntuuid, Prev: n\n+00025b80: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 et__b\n+00025b90: 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 oot_file, Up: S\n+00025ba0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00025bb0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00025bc0: 2e31 2e32 3420 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 .1.24 net__clientid.-\n+00025be0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00025c00: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n+00025c10: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00025c20: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+00025c30: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 __cli\n+00025c40: 656e 7475 7569 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 entuuid, Next: \n+00025c50: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00025c60: 6468 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 dhcp_server_name\n+00025c70: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Prev: net__clienti\n+00025c90: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 d, Up: Special \n+00025ca0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00025cb0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3235 206e ables..15.1.25 n\n+00025cc0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 et__c\n+00025cd0: 6c69 656e 7475 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lientuuid.------\n 00025ce0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025d00: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n-00025d10: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n-00025d20: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00025d30: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00025d40: 6468 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 dhcp_server_name\n-00025d50: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Next: net__domain,\n-00025d70: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Prev: net__clientuu\n-00025d90: 6964 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c id, Up: Special\n-00025da0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00025db0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3620 iables..15.1.26 \n-00025dc0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00025dd0: 6468 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 dhcp_server_name\n-00025de0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00025cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n+00025d00: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n+00025d10: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00025d20: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 o, Node: net__dhcp_s\n+00025d40: 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 204e 6578 erver_name, Nex\n+00025d50: 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 t: net__domain, Prev\n+00025d70: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__clientuuid, U\n+00025d90: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00025da0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00025db0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3620 6e65 745f 3c49 ..15.1.26 net__dhcp_s\n+00025dd0: 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d erver_name.-----\n+00025de0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00025df0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025e00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n-00025e10: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n-00025e20: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00025e30: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Node: net__domain, \n-00025e50: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Next: net__extensions\n-00025e70: 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 path, Prev: net\n-00025e80: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6863 __dhc\n-00025e90: 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 p_server_name, \n-00025ea0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-00025eb0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00025ec0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3237 206e 6574 5f3c s..15.1.27 net_<\n-00025ed0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 6f6d 6169 INTERFACE>_domai\n-00025ee0: 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d n.--------------\n-00025ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025f00: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n-00025f10: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n-00025f20: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n-00025f30: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6578 t__ex\n-00025f40: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 204e tensionspath, N\n-00025f50: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ext: net__hostname, \n-00025f70: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Prev: net__domain, U\n-00025f90: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00025fa0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00025fb0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3820 6e65 745f 3c49 ..15.1.28 net__extens\n-00025fd0: 696f 6e73 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ionspath.-------\n+00025e00: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n+00025e10: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n+00025e20: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00025e30: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025e40: 5f64 6f6d 6169 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 _domain, Next: \n+00025e50: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00025e60: 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 extensionspath, \n+00025e70: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Prev: net__dhcp_serv\n+00025e90: 6572 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 er_name, Up: Sp\n+00025ea0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00025eb0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00025ec0: 312e 3237 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 1.27 net__domain.----\n+00025ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n+00025f00: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n+00025f10: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00025f20: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Node: net__extensio\n+00025f40: 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e nspath, Next: n\n+00025f50: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 et__h\n+00025f60: 6f73 746e 616d 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ostname, Prev: \n+00025f70: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00025f80: 646f 6d61 696e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 domain, Up: Spe\n+00025f90: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00025fa0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00025fb0: 2e32 3820 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 .28 net__extensionspa\n+00025fd0: 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d th.-------------\n 00025fe0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00026000: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n-00026010: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00026020: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-00026030: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 __hos\n-00026040: 746e 616d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 tname, Next: ne\n-00026050: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 t__ip\n-00026060: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Prev: net__extensi\n-00026080: 6f6e 7370 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 onspath, Up: Sp\n-00026090: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-000260a0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-000260b0: 312e 3239 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 1.29 net__hostname.--\n+00025ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n+00026000: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n+00026010: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00026020: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Node: net__hostname,\n+00026040: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Next: net__ip, Pre\n+00026060: 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 v: net__extensionspat\n+00026080: 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 h, Up: Special \n+00026090: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+000260a0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3239 206e ables..15.1.29 n\n+000260b0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 et__h\n+000260c0: 6f73 746e 616d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ostname.--------\n 000260d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000260e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-000260f0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n-00026100: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00026110: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-00026120: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 2c20 _ip, \n-00026130: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Next: net__mac, Pre\n-00026150: 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 v: net__hostname, Up\n-00026170: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00026180: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00026190: 0a31 352e 312e 3330 206e 6574 5f3c 494e .15.1.30 net__ip.----\n+000260e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n+000260f0: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n+00026100: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00026110: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__ip, Next:\n+00026130: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00026140: 5f6d 6163 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 _mac, Prev: net\n+00026150: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 __hos\n+00026160: 746e 616d 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 tname, Up: Spec\n+00026170: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00026180: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00026190: 3330 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 30 net__ip.----------\n 000261b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000261c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n-000261d0: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n-000261e0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000261f0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__mac, Next: \n-00026210: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00026220: 6e65 7874 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 next_server, Pr\n-00026230: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ev: net__ip, Up: Spe\n-00026250: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00026260: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00026270: 2e33 3120 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 .31 net__mac.--------\n-00026290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000262a0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n-000262b0: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n-000262c0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000262d0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-000262e0: 5f6e 6578 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e _next_server, N\n-000262f0: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ext: net__rootpath, \n-00026310: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Prev: net__mac, Up: \n-00026330: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00026340: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00026350: 352e 312e 3332 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5.1.32 net__next_serv\n-00026370: 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d er.-------------\n+000261c0: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n+000261d0: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+000261e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+000261f0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 t__ma\n+00026200: 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 c, Next: net__next_s\n+00026220: 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 erver, Prev: ne\n+00026230: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 t__ip\n+00026240: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00026250: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00026260: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3120 6e65 bles..15.1.31 ne\n+00026270: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6d61 t__ma\n+00026280: 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d c.--------------\n+00026290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n+000262a0: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n+000262b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000262c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c fo, Node: net_<\n+000262d0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e 6578 745f INTERFACE>_next_\n+000262e0: 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e server, Next: n\n+000262f0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 et__r\n+00026300: 6f6f 7470 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ootpath, Prev: \n+00026310: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00026320: 6d61 632c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 mac, Up: Specia\n+00026330: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00026340: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3332 riables..15.1.32\n+00026350: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00026360: 5f6e 6578 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d _next_server.---\n+00026370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00026380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026390: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n-000263a0: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n-000263b0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000263c0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__rootpath, N\n-000263e0: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ext: net_default\n-000263f0: 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2050 7265 _interface, Pre\n-00026400: 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 v: net__next_server, \n-00026420: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00026430: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00026440: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3320 6e65 745f es..15.1.33 net_\n-00026450: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f 6f74 _root\n-00026460: 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d path.-----------\n-00026470: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026480: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n-00026490: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n-000264a0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000264b0: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 e: net_default_i\n-000264c0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a nterface, Next:\n-000264d0: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c net_default_ip,\n-000264e0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Prev: net__rootpath\n-00026500: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00026510: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00026520: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3420 6e65 bles..15.1.34 ne\n-00026530: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 t_default_interf\n-00026540: 6163 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ace.------------\n-00026550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026560: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n-00026570: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-00026580: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-00026590: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 et_default_ip, \n-000265a0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Next: net_defaul\n-000265b0: 745f 6d61 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 t_mac, Prev: ne\n-000265c0: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 t_default_interf\n-000265d0: 6163 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ace, Up: Specia\n-000265e0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-000265f0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3335 riables..15.1.35\n-00026600: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 700a net_default_ip.\n+00026390: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n+000263a0: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+000263b0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+000263c0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f t__ro\n+000263d0: 6f74 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e otpath, Next: n\n+000263e0: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 et_default_inter\n+000263f0: 6661 6365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 face, Prev: net\n+00026400: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e 6578 __nex\n+00026410: 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 t_server, Up: S\n+00026420: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00026430: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00026440: 2e31 2e33 3320 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 .1.33 net__rootpath.-\n+00026460: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026470: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00026480: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n+00026490: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000264a0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+000264b0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 _default_interfa\n+000264c0: 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 ce, Next: net_d\n+000264d0: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 5072 6576 efault_ip, Prev\n+000264e0: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__rootpath, Up:\n+00026500: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00026510: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00026520: 3135 2e31 2e33 3420 6e65 745f 6465 6661 15.1.34 net_defa\n+00026530: 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2d2d ult_interface.--\n+00026540: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n+00026560: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n+00026570: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00026580: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 , Node: net_def\n+00026590: 6175 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ault_ip, Next: \n+000265a0: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 632c net_default_mac,\n+000265b0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Prev: net_defa\n+000265c0: 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 ult_interface, \n+000265d0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+000265e0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+000265f0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3335 206e 6574 5f64 s..15.1.35 net_d\n+00026600: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d efault_ip.------\n 00026610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026620: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n-00026630: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n-00026640: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00026650: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f de: net_default_\n-00026660: 6d61 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f mac, Next: net_\n-00026670: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 default_server, \n-00026680: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 Prev: net_defau\n-00026690: 6c74 5f69 702c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 lt_ip, Up: Spec\n-000266a0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-000266b0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-000266c0: 3336 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 36 net_default_m\n-000266d0: 6163 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ac.-------------\n-000266e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n-000266f0: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n-00026700: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00026710: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Node: net_defa\n-00026720: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 ult_server, Nex\n-00026730: 743a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: pager, Prev:\n-00026740: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 net_default_mac\n-00026750: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00026760: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00026770: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3720 6e65 bles..15.1.37 ne\n-00026780: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 t_default_server\n-00026790: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-000267a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n-000267b0: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n-000267c0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000267d0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 , Node: pager, \n-000267e0: 204e 6578 743a 2070 7265 6669 782c 2020 Next: prefix, \n-000267f0: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Prev: net_defaul\n-00026800: 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 t_server, Up: S\n-00026810: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00026820: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00026830: 2e31 2e33 3820 7061 6765 720a 2d2d 2d2d .1.38 pager.----\n-00026840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7365 ---------..If se\n-00026850: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 2c20 7061 t to ...1..., pa\n-00026860: 7573 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2061 6674 6572 use output after\n-00026870: 2065 6163 6820 7363 7265 656e 6675 6c20 each screenful \n-00026880: 616e 6420 7761 6974 2066 6f72 206b 6579 and wait for key\n-00026890: 626f 6172 640a 696e 7075 742e 2020 5468 board.input. Th\n-000268a0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f74 e default is not\n-000268b0: 2074 6f20 7061 7573 6520 6f75 7470 7574 to pause output\n-000268c0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000268d0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7265 info, Node: pre\n-000268e0: 6669 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f fix, Next: pxe_\n-000268f0: 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 blksize, Prev: \n-00026900: 7061 6765 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 pager, Up: Spec\n-00026910: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00026920: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00026930: 3339 2070 7265 6669 780a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 39 prefix.------\n-00026940: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6c6f --------..The lo\n-00026950: 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 cation of the ..\n-00026960: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2064 ./boot/grub... d\n-00026970: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 616e 2061 irectory as an a\n-00026980: 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d bsolute file nam\n-00026990: 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 e.(*note File na\n-000269a0: 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2054 me syntax::). T\n-000269b0: 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 his is normally \n-000269c0: 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6174 2073 set by GRUB at s\n-000269d0: 7461 7274 7570 0a62 6173 6564 206f 6e20 tartup.based on \n-000269e0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f76 information prov\n-000269f0: 6964 6564 2062 7920 e280 9867 7275 622d ided by ...grub-\n-00026a00: 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2e20 2047 5255 install.... GRU\n-00026a10: 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6172 650a 6479 B modules are.dy\n-00026a20: 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 namically loaded\n-00026a30: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6973 2064 6972 6563 from this direc\n-00026a40: 746f 7279 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d75 7374 tory, so it must\n-00026a50: 2062 6520 7365 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c be set correctl\n-00026a60: 7920 696e 0a6f 7264 6572 2066 6f72 206d y in.order for m\n-00026a70: 616e 7920 7061 7274 7320 6f66 2047 5255 any parts of GRU\n-00026a80: 4220 746f 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 B to work.....Fi\n-00026a90: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00026aa0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a Node: pxe_blksiz\n-00026ab0: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f 6465 e, Next: pxe_de\n-00026ac0: 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 792c 2020 fault_gateway, \n-00026ad0: 5072 6576 3a20 7072 6566 6978 2c20 2055 Prev: prefix, U\n-00026ae0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00026af0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00026b00: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3020 7078 655f 626c ..15.1.40 pxe_bl\n-00026b10: 6b73 697a 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ksize.----------\n-00026b20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n-00026b30: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n-00026b40: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00026b50: 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 Node: pxe_defau\n-00026b60: 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 6179 2c20 204e 6578 lt_gateway, Nex\n-00026b70: 743a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 t: pxe_default_s\n-00026b80: 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7078 erver, Prev: px\n-00026b90: 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 5570 3a20 e_blksize, Up: \n-00026ba0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00026bb0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00026bc0: 352e 312e 3431 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 5.1.41 pxe_defau\n-00026bd0: 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 6179 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d lt_gateway.-----\n+00026620: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n+00026630: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+00026640: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+00026650: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 632c 2020 t_default_mac, \n+00026660: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Next: net_defaul\n+00026670: 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a t_server, Prev:\n+00026680: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 702c net_default_ip,\n+00026690: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+000266a0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+000266b0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3336 206e 6574 les..15.1.36 net\n+000266c0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 0a2d 2d2d _default_mac.---\n+000266d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000266e0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n+000266f0: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n+00026700: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00026710: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 : net_default_se\n+00026720: 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6167 rver, Next: pag\n+00026730: 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 er, Prev: net_d\n+00026740: 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 2055 703a efault_mac, Up:\n+00026750: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00026760: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00026770: 3135 2e31 2e33 3720 6e65 745f 6465 6661 15.1.37 net_defa\n+00026780: 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ult_server.-----\n+00026790: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000267a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n+000267b0: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n+000267c0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000267d0: 653a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: pager, Next:\n+000267e0: 2070 7265 6669 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 prefix, Prev: \n+000267f0: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 net_default_serv\n+00026800: 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c er, Up: Special\n+00026810: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00026820: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3820 iables..15.1.38 \n+00026830: 7061 6765 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d pager.----------\n+00026840: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7365 7420 746f 20e2 ---..If set to .\n+00026850: 8098 31e2 8099 2c20 7061 7573 6520 6f75 ..1..., pause ou\n+00026860: 7470 7574 2061 6674 6572 2065 6163 6820 tput after each \n+00026870: 7363 7265 656e 6675 6c20 616e 6420 7761 screenful and wa\n+00026880: 6974 2066 6f72 206b 6579 626f 6172 640a it for keyboard.\n+00026890: 696e 7075 742e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 input. The defa\n+000268a0: 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2074 6f20 7061 ult is not to pa\n+000268b0: 7573 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 use output.....F\n+000268c0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000268d0: 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7265 6669 782c 2020 Node: prefix, \n+000268e0: 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a Next: pxe_blksiz\n+000268f0: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 6765 722c e, Prev: pager,\n+00026900: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00026910: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00026920: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3339 2070 7265 les..15.1.39 pre\n+00026930: 6669 780a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fix.------------\n+00026940: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e --..The location\n+00026950: 206f 6620 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 of the .../boot\n+00026960: 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746f /grub... directo\n+00026970: 7279 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 ry as an absolut\n+00026980: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a 282a 6e6f e file name.(*no\n+00026990: 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e te File name syn\n+000269a0: 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 tax::). This is\n+000269b0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 normally set by\n+000269c0: 2047 5255 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 GRUB at startup\n+000269d0: 0a62 6173 6564 206f 6e20 696e 666f 726d .based on inform\n+000269e0: 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 ation provided b\n+000269f0: 7920 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c y ...grub-instal\n+00026a00: 6ce2 8099 2e20 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 l.... GRUB modu\n+00026a10: 6c65 7320 6172 650a 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 les are.dynamica\n+00026a20: 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 726f 6d20 lly loaded from \n+00026a30: 7468 6973 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 this directory, \n+00026a40: 736f 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7365 so it must be se\n+00026a50: 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 696e 0a6f t correctly in.o\n+00026a60: 7264 6572 2066 6f72 206d 616e 7920 7061 rder for many pa\n+00026a70: 7274 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f 2077 rts of GRUB to w\n+00026a80: 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ork.....File: gr\n+00026a90: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00026aa0: 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 652c 2020 4e65 pxe_blksize, Ne\n+00026ab0: 7874 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f xt: pxe_default_\n+00026ac0: 6761 7465 7761 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 gateway, Prev: \n+00026ad0: 7072 6566 6978 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 prefix, Up: Spe\n+00026ae0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00026af0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00026b00: 2e34 3020 7078 655f 626c 6b73 697a 650a .40 pxe_blksize.\n+00026b10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026b20: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n+00026b30: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n+00026b40: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00026b50: 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 pxe_default_gat\n+00026b60: 6577 6179 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 7865 eway, Next: pxe\n+00026b70: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c _default_server,\n+00026b80: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 Prev: pxe_blks\n+00026b90: 697a 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ize, Up: Specia\n+00026ba0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00026bb0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3431 riables..15.1.41\n+00026bc0: 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 pxe_default_gat\n+00026bd0: 6577 6179 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eway.-----------\n 00026be0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 ------..*Note Ne\n-00026c00: 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 twork::.....File\n-00026c10: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00026c20: 6465 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f de: pxe_default_\n-00026c30: 7365 7276 6572 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 server, Next: r\n-00026c40: 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7078 655f oot, Prev: pxe_\n-00026c50: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 7761 792c default_gateway,\n-00026c60: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00026c70: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00026c80: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3432 2070 7865 les..15.1.42 pxe\n-00026c90: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 720a _default_server.\n+00026bf0: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n+00026c00: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+00026c10: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 .info, Node: px\n+00026c20: 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 e_default_server\n+00026c30: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 , Next: root, \n+00026c40: 5072 6576 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c Prev: pxe_defaul\n+00026c50: 745f 6761 7465 7761 792c 2020 5570 3a20 t_gateway, Up: \n+00026c60: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00026c70: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00026c80: 352e 312e 3432 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 5.1.42 pxe_defau\n+00026c90: 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lt_server.------\n 00026ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026cb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n-00026cc0: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n-00026cd0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00026ce0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 204e Node: root, N\n-00026cf0: 6578 743a 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 ext: shim_lock, \n-00026d00: 2050 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 Prev: pxe_defau\n-00026d10: 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 lt_server, Up: \n-00026d20: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00026d30: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00026d40: 352e 312e 3433 2072 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 5.1.43 root.----\n-00026d50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 726f --------..The ro\n-00026d60: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 ot device name (\n-00026d70: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e *note Device syn\n-00026d80: 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2041 6e79 2066 696c tax::). Any fil\n-00026d90: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f0a e names that do.\n-00026da0: 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 616e 2065 not specify an e\n-00026db0: 7870 6c69 6369 7420 6465 7669 6365 206e xplicit device n\n-00026dc0: 616d 6520 6172 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f ame are read fro\n-00026dd0: 6d20 7468 6973 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 m this device. \n-00026de0: 5468 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 206e The.default is n\n-00026df0: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 ormally set by G\n-00026e00: 5255 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 RUB at startup b\n-00026e10: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 ased on the valu\n-00026e20: 6520 6f66 0ae2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 e of....prefix..\n-00026e30: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 7265 6669 783a . (*note prefix:\n-00026e40: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d :)... For exam\n-00026e50: 706c 652c 2069 6620 4752 5542 2077 6173 ple, if GRUB was\n-00026e60: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 installed to th\n-00026e70: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f e first partitio\n-00026e80: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2068 n of the.first h\n-00026e90: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 ard disk, then .\n-00026ea0: 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 6d69 6768 ..prefix... migh\n-00026eb0: 7420 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9828 t be set to ...(\n-00026ec0: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 292f 626f 6f74 hd0,msdos1)/boot\n-00026ed0: 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 /grub....and ...\n-00026ee0: 726f 6f74 e280 9920 746f 20e2 8098 6864 root... to ...hd\n-00026ef0: 302c 6d73 646f 7331 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 0,msdos1........\n-00026f00: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00026f10: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 Node: shim_loc\n-00026f20: 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7375 7065 7275 k, Next: superu\n-00026f30: 7365 7273 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6f6f sers, Prev: roo\n-00026f40: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 t, Up: Special \n-00026f50: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00026f60: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3434 2073 ables..15.1.44 s\n-00026f70: 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d him_lock.-------\n-00026f80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 ----------..If t\n-00026f90: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n-00026fa0: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2c20 set to ...y..., \n-00026fb0: 6974 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 it means that th\n-00026fc0: 6520 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b20 7665 7269 e shim_lock veri\n-00026fd0: 6669 6572 2069 730a 7265 6769 7374 6572 fier is.register\n-00026fe0: 6564 2028 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 5545 ed (see *note UE\n-00026ff0: 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 FI secure boot a\n-00027000: 6e64 2073 6869 6d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nd shim::).....F\n-00027010: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00027020: 204e 6f64 653a 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 Node: superuser\n-00027030: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7468 656d 652c s, Next: theme,\n-00027040: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 Prev: shim_loc\n-00027050: 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 k, Up: Special \n-00027060: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00027070: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3435 2073 ables..15.1.45 s\n-00027080: 7570 6572 7573 6572 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d uperusers.------\n-00027090: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n-000270a0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 is variable may \n-000270b0: 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6c69 7374 be set to a list\n-000270c0: 206f 6620 7375 7065 7275 7365 7220 6e61 of superuser na\n-000270d0: 6d65 7320 746f 2065 6e61 626c 650a 6175 mes to enable.au\n-000270e0: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 thentication sup\n-000270f0: 706f 7274 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 port. *Note Sec\n-00027100: 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 urity::.....File\n-00027110: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00027120: 6465 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 de: theme, Next\n-00027130: 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 5072 6576 : timeout, Prev\n-00027140: 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 2055 : superusers, U\n-00027150: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-00027160: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00027170: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3620 7468 656d 650a ..15.1.46 theme.\n-00027180: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n-00027190: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 his variable may\n-000271a0: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 2064 6972 be set to a dir\n-000271b0: 6563 746f 7279 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e ectory containin\n-000271c0: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 g a GRUB graphic\n-000271d0: 616c 206d 656e 750a 7468 656d 652e 2020 al menu.theme. \n-000271e0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 *Note Theme file\n-000271f0: 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 format::... T\n-00027200: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 his variable is \n-00027210: 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 often set by ...\n-00027220: 4752 5542 5f54 4845 4d45 e280 9920 282a GRUB_THEME... (*\n-00027230: 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 note Simple.conf\n-00027240: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f iguration::)....\n-00027250: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00027260: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 , Node: timeout\n-00027270: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 696d 656f 7574 , Next: timeout\n-00027280: 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 _style, Prev: t\n-00027290: 6865 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 heme, Up: Speci\n-000272a0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-000272b0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 ariables..15.1.4\n-000272c0: 3720 7469 6d65 6f75 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 7 timeout.------\n-000272d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 ---------..If th\n-000272e0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 is variable is s\n-000272f0: 6574 2c20 6974 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 et, it specifies\n-00027300: 2074 6865 2074 696d 6520 696e 2073 6563 the time in sec\n-00027310: 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 onds to wait for\n-00027320: 0a6b 6579 626f 6172 6420 696e 7075 7420 .keyboard input \n-00027330: 6265 666f 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 before booting t\n-00027340: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 he default menu \n-00027350: 656e 7472 792e 2020 4120 7469 6d65 6f75 entry. A timeou\n-00027360: 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a6d 6561 t of ...0....mea\n-00027370: 6e73 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 ns to boot the d\n-00027380: 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6d6d efault entry imm\n-00027390: 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2077 6974 686f 7574 ediately without\n-000273a0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 6720 7468 6520 displaying the \n-000273b0: 6d65 6e75 3b0a 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 menu;.a timeout \n-000273c0: 6f66 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 9920 286f 7220 of ...-1... (or \n-000273d0: 756e 7365 7429 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 unset) means to \n-000273e0: 7761 6974 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 656c wait indefinitel\n-000273f0: 792e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 e280 9874 696d y... If ...tim\n-00027400: 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 e280 9920 282a eout_style... (*\n-00027410: 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 note timeout_sty\n-00027420: 6c65 3a3a 2920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 le::) is set to \n-00027430: e280 9863 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 ...countdown... \n-00027440: 6f72 0ae2 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 992c or....hidden...,\n-00027450: 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 the timeout is \n-00027460: 696e 7374 6561 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 instead counted \n-00027470: 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 before the menu \n-00027480: 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0a20 is displayed... \n-00027490: 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 This variable \n-000274a0: 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 is often set by \n-000274b0: e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT.\n-000274c0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 .. (*note Simple\n-000274d0: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a .configuration::\n-000274e0: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-000274f0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 .info, Node: ti\n-00027500: 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 652c 2020 4e65 meout_style, Ne\n-00027510: 7874 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 xt: tpm_fail_fat\n-00027520: 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 696d 656f al, Prev: timeo\n-00027530: 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ut, Up: Special\n-00027540: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00027550: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3820 iables..15.1.48 \n-00027560: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 650a 2d2d timeout_style.--\n-00027570: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00027580: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ---..This variab\n-00027590: 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f le may be set to\n-000275a0: 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ...menu..., ...\n-000275b0: 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 2c20 6f72 countdown..., or\n-000275c0: 20e2 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 9920 746f ...hidden... to\n-000275d0: 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a74 6865 2077 6179 control.the way\n-000275e0: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 7469 in which the ti\n-000275f0: 6d65 6f75 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d meout (*note tim\n-00027600: 656f 7574 3a3a 2920 696e 7465 7261 6374 eout::) interact\n-00027610: 7320 7769 7468 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e s with displayin\n-00027620: 670a 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2e20 2053 6565 g.the menu. See\n-00027630: 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 the documentati\n-00027640: 6f6e 206f 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 on of ...GRUB_TI\n-00027650: 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 45e2 8099 2028 MEOUT_STYLE... (\n-00027660: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e *note Simple.con\n-00027670: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 666f figuration::) fo\n-00027680: 7220 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 r details.....Fi\n-00027690: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000276a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 Node: tpm_fail_f\n-000276b0: 6174 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 696d atal, Prev: tim\n-000276c0: 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 2055 703a eout_style, Up:\n-000276d0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-000276e0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-000276f0: 3135 2e31 2e34 3920 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 15.1.49 tpm_fail\n-00027700: 5f66 6174 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _fatal.---------\n-00027710: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 -------------..I\n-00027720: 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 f this variable \n-00027730: 6973 2073 6574 2061 6e64 2074 7275 6520 is set and true \n-00027740: 2869 2e65 2e2c 206e 6f74 2073 6574 2074 (i.e., not set t\n-00027750: 6f20 2230 222c 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2c0a o \"0\", \"false\",.\n-00027760: 2264 6973 6162 6c65 222c 206f 7220 226e \"disable\", or \"n\n-00027770: 6f22 292c 2054 504d 206d 6561 7375 7265 o\"), TPM measure\n-00027780: 6d65 6e74 7320 7468 6174 2066 6169 6c20 ments that fail \n-00027790: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 will be treated \n-000277a0: 6173 0a66 6174 616c 2e20 204f 7468 6572 as.fatal. Other\n-000277b0: 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6579 2077 696c 6c20 wise, they will \n-000277c0: 6d65 7265 6c79 2062 6520 6465 6275 672d merely be debug-\n-000277d0: 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 2062 6f6f 7420 logged and boot \n-000277e0: 7769 6c6c 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 652e 0a0a will.continue...\n-000277f0: 2020 2043 616c 6c20 746f 2045 4649 2066 Call to EFI f\n-00027800: 6972 6d77 6172 652c 206c 696b 6520 6861 irmware, like ha\n-00027810: 7368 5f6c 6f67 5f65 7874 656e 645f 6576 sh_log_extend_ev\n-00027820: 656e 7428 292c 2063 616e 2072 6574 7572 ent(), can retur\n-00027830: 6e20 616e 0a75 6e6b 6e6f 776e 2065 7272 n an.unknown err\n-00027840: 6f72 2c20 692e 652e 2020 6475 6520 746f or, i.e. due to\n-00027850: 2062 7567 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2069 6e20 bug present in \n-00027860: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 firmware. When \n-00027870: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 6973 this variable.is\n-00027880: 2073 6574 2061 6e64 2074 7275 6520 2873 set and true (s\n-00027890: 616d 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2061 7320 7769 ame values as wi\n-000278a0: 7468 2054 504d 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 th TPM measureme\n-000278b0: 6e74 7329 2074 6869 7320 7369 7475 6174 nts) this situat\n-000278c0: 696f 6e0a 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 636f 6e73 ion.will be cons\n-000278d0: 6964 6572 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2066 6174 idered to be fat\n-000278e0: 616c 2061 6e64 2065 7272 6f72 2d6c 6f67 al and error-log\n-000278f0: 6765 6420 6173 2022 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e20 ged as \"unknown \n-00027900: 5450 4d20 6572 726f 7222 2e0a 4966 206e TPM error\"..If n\n-00027910: 6f74 2073 6574 2c20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 ot set, booting \n-00027920: 7468 6520 4f53 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2065 the OS will be e\n-00027930: 6e61 626c 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a nabled.....File:\n-00027940: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00027950: 653a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 e: Environment b\n-00027960: 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 7065 lock, Prev: Spe\n-00027970: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00027980: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 2055 703a variables, Up:\n-00027990: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a0a 3135 Environment..15\n-000279a0: 2e32 2054 6865 2047 5255 4220 656e 7669 .2 The GRUB envi\n-000279b0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a 3d3d ronment block.==\n+00026cb0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n+00026cc0: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n+00026cd0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00026ce0: 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 : root, Next: s\n+00026cf0: 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a him_lock, Prev:\n+00026d00: 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 pxe_default_ser\n+00026d10: 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ver, Up: Specia\n+00026d20: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+00026d30: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3433 riables..15.1.43\n+00026d40: 2072 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d root.----------\n+00026d50: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 --..The root dev\n+00026d60: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ice name (*note \n+00026d70: 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 Device syntax::)\n+00026d80: 2e20 2041 6e79 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 . Any file name\n+00026d90: 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f0a 6e6f 7420 7370 s that do.not sp\n+00026da0: 6563 6966 7920 616e 2065 7870 6c69 6369 ecify an explici\n+00026db0: 7420 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6172 t device name ar\n+00026dc0: 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6973 e read from this\n+00026dd0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 650a 6465 device. The.de\n+00026de0: 6661 756c 7420 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c fault is normall\n+00026df0: 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6174 y set by GRUB at\n+00026e00: 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 6173 6564 206f startup based o\n+00026e10: 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0ae2 n the value of..\n+00026e20: 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ..prefix... (*no\n+00026e30: 7465 2070 7265 6669 783a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 te prefix::)... \n+00026e40: 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2069 For example, i\n+00026e50: 6620 4752 5542 2077 6173 2069 6e73 7461 f GRUB was insta\n+00026e60: 6c6c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 lled to the firs\n+00026e70: 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 t partition of t\n+00026e80: 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 he.first hard di\n+00026e90: 736b 2c20 7468 656e 20e2 8098 7072 6566 sk, then ...pref\n+00026ea0: 6978 e280 9920 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2073 ix... might be s\n+00026eb0: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9828 6864 302c 6d73 et to ...(hd0,ms\n+00026ec0: 646f 7331 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 dos1)/boot/grub.\n+00026ed0: 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 ...and ...root..\n+00026ee0: 9920 746f 20e2 8098 6864 302c 6d73 646f . to ...hd0,msdo\n+00026ef0: 7331 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 s1........File: \n+00026f00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00026f10: 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 4e65 : shim_lock, Ne\n+00026f20: 7874 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 xt: superusers, \n+00026f30: 2050 7265 763a 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 Prev: root, Up\n+00026f40: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00026f50: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00026f60: 0a31 352e 312e 3434 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f .15.1.44 shim_lo\n+00026f70: 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ck.-------------\n+00026f80: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n+00026f90: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f riable is set to\n+00026fa0: 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2c20 6974 206d 6561 ...y..., it mea\n+00026fb0: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7368 696d ns that the shim\n+00026fc0: 5f6c 6f63 6b20 7665 7269 6669 6572 2069 _lock verifier i\n+00026fd0: 730a 7265 6769 7374 6572 6564 2028 7365 s.registered (se\n+00026fe0: 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 e *note UEFI sec\n+00026ff0: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 ure boot and shi\n+00027000: 6d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 m::).....File: g\n+00027010: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00027020: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 732c 2020 4e65 superusers, Ne\n+00027030: 7874 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 5072 6576 xt: theme, Prev\n+00027040: 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 5570 : shim_lock, Up\n+00027050: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00027060: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00027070: 0a31 352e 312e 3435 2073 7570 6572 7573 .15.1.45 superus\n+00027080: 6572 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ers.------------\n+00027090: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n+000270a0: 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 iable may be set\n+000270b0: 2074 6f20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7375 to a list of su\n+000270c0: 7065 7275 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 7320 746f peruser names to\n+000270d0: 2065 6e61 626c 650a 6175 7468 656e 7469 enable.authenti\n+000270e0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e20 cation support. \n+000270f0: 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a *Note Security:\n+00027100: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+00027110: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7468 .info, Node: th\n+00027120: 656d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7469 6d65 eme, Next: time\n+00027130: 6f75 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7375 7065 out, Prev: supe\n+00027140: 7275 7365 7273 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 rusers, Up: Spe\n+00027150: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00027160: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00027170: 2e34 3620 7468 656d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .46 theme.------\n+00027180: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 -------..This va\n+00027190: 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 riable may be se\n+000271a0: 7420 746f 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 t to a directory\n+000271b0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 6120 4752 containing a GR\n+000271c0: 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e UB graphical men\n+000271d0: 750a 7468 656d 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 u.theme. *Note \n+000271e0: 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 Theme file forma\n+000271f0: 743a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7661 t::... This va\n+00027200: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 riable is often \n+00027210: 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 set by ...GRUB_T\n+00027220: 4845 4d45 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 HEME... (*note S\n+00027230: 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple.configurat\n+00027240: 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ion::).....File:\n+00027250: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00027260: 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 204e 6578 e: timeout, Nex\n+00027270: 743a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 t: timeout_style\n+00027280: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 , Prev: theme, \n+00027290: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+000272a0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+000272b0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3720 7469 6d65 es..15.1.47 time\n+000272c0: 6f75 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d out.------------\n+000272d0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 ---..If this var\n+000272e0: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 iable is set, it\n+000272f0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2074 specifies the t\n+00027300: 696d 6520 696e 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2074 ime in seconds t\n+00027310: 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 0a6b 6579 626f o wait for.keybo\n+00027320: 6172 6420 696e 7075 7420 6265 666f 7265 ard input before\n+00027330: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6566 booting the def\n+00027340: 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e ault menu entry.\n+00027350: 2020 4120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 20e2 A timeout of .\n+00027360: 8098 30e2 8099 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 ..0....means to \n+00027370: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 boot the default\n+00027380: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 entry immediate\n+00027390: 6c79 2077 6974 686f 7574 2064 6973 706c ly without displ\n+000273a0: 6179 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3b0a aying the menu;.\n+000273b0: 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 a timeout of ...\n+000273c0: 2d31 e280 9920 286f 7220 756e 7365 7429 -1... (or unset)\n+000273d0: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2069 means to wait i\n+000273e0: 6e64 6566 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 ndefinitely... \n+000273f0: 2049 6620 e280 9874 696d 656f 7574 5f73 If ...timeout_s\n+00027400: 7479 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 tyle... (*note t\n+00027410: 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 3a3a 2920 imeout_style::) \n+00027420: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9863 6f75 is set to ...cou\n+00027430: 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 6f72 0ae2 8098 ntdown... or....\n+00027440: 6869 6464 656e e280 992c 2074 6865 2074 hidden..., the t\n+00027450: 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 imeout is instea\n+00027460: 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 d counted before\n+00027470: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 the menu is dis\n+00027480: 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 played... This\n+00027490: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 variable is oft\n+000274a0: 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 en set by ...GRU\n+000274b0: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2028 2a6e B_TIMEOUT... (*n\n+000274c0: 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 ote Simple.confi\n+000274d0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a guration::).....\n+000274e0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000274f0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f Node: timeout_\n+00027500: 7374 796c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7470 style, Next: tp\n+00027510: 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 2c20 2050 m_fail_fatal, P\n+00027520: 7265 763a 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 2055 rev: timeout, U\n+00027530: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00027540: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00027550: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3820 7469 6d65 6f75 ..15.1.48 timeou\n+00027560: 745f 7374 796c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_style.--------\n+00027570: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n+00027580: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 his variable may\n+00027590: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 be set to ...me\n+000275a0: 6e75 e280 992c 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 nu..., ...countd\n+000275b0: 6f77 6ee2 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 6869 own..., or ...hi\n+000275c0: 6464 656e e280 9920 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 dden... to contr\n+000275d0: 6f6c 0a74 6865 2077 6179 2069 6e20 7768 ol.the way in wh\n+000275e0: 6963 6820 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 ich the timeout \n+000275f0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a (*note timeout::\n+00027600: 2920 696e 7465 7261 6374 7320 7769 7468 ) interacts with\n+00027610: 2064 6973 706c 6179 696e 670a 7468 6520 displaying.the \n+00027620: 6d65 6e75 2e20 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 menu. See the d\n+00027630: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 ocumentation of \n+00027640: e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f ...GRUB_TIMEOUT_\n+00027650: 5354 594c 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 STYLE... (*note \n+00027660: 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple.configura\n+00027670: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6465 7461 tion::) for deta\n+00027680: 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ils.....File: gr\n+00027690: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000276a0: 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 2c20 tpm_fail_fatal, \n+000276b0: 2050 7265 763a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 Prev: timeout_s\n+000276c0: 7479 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 tyle, Up: Speci\n+000276d0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+000276e0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 ariables..15.1.4\n+000276f0: 3920 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 9 tpm_fail_fatal\n+00027700: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00027710: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n+00027720: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n+00027730: 2061 6e64 2074 7275 6520 2869 2e65 2e2c and true (i.e.,\n+00027740: 206e 6f74 2073 6574 2074 6f20 2230 222c not set to \"0\",\n+00027750: 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2c0a 2264 6973 6162 \"false\",.\"disab\n+00027760: 6c65 222c 206f 7220 226e 6f22 292c 2054 le\", or \"no\"), T\n+00027770: 504d 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 PM measurements \n+00027780: 7468 6174 2066 6169 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 that fail will b\n+00027790: 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 0a66 6174 e treated as.fat\n+000277a0: 616c 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 al. Otherwise, \n+000277b0: 7468 6579 2077 696c 6c20 6d65 7265 6c79 they will merely\n+000277c0: 2062 6520 6465 6275 672d 6c6f 6767 6564 be debug-logged\n+000277d0: 2061 6e64 2062 6f6f 7420 7769 6c6c 0a63 and boot will.c\n+000277e0: 6f6e 7469 6e75 652e 0a0a 2020 2043 616c ontinue... Cal\n+000277f0: 6c20 746f 2045 4649 2066 6972 6d77 6172 l to EFI firmwar\n+00027800: 652c 206c 696b 6520 6861 7368 5f6c 6f67 e, like hash_log\n+00027810: 5f65 7874 656e 645f 6576 656e 7428 292c _extend_event(),\n+00027820: 2063 616e 2072 6574 7572 6e20 616e 0a75 can return an.u\n+00027830: 6e6b 6e6f 776e 2065 7272 6f72 2c20 692e nknown error, i.\n+00027840: 652e 2020 6475 6520 746f 2062 7567 2070 e. due to bug p\n+00027850: 7265 7365 6e74 2069 6e20 6669 726d 7761 resent in firmwa\n+00027860: 7265 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7468 6973 2076 re. When this v\n+00027870: 6172 6961 626c 650a 6973 2073 6574 2061 ariable.is set a\n+00027880: 6e64 2074 7275 6520 2873 616d 6520 7661 nd true (same va\n+00027890: 6c75 6573 2061 7320 7769 7468 2054 504d lues as with TPM\n+000278a0: 206d 6561 7375 7265 6d65 6e74 7329 2074 measurements) t\n+000278b0: 6869 7320 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e0a 7769 his situation.wi\n+000278c0: 6c6c 2062 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 ll be considered\n+000278d0: 2074 6f20 6265 2066 6174 616c 2061 6e64 to be fatal and\n+000278e0: 2065 7272 6f72 2d6c 6f67 6765 6420 6173 error-logged as\n+000278f0: 2022 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e20 5450 4d20 6572 \"unknown TPM er\n+00027900: 726f 7222 2e0a 4966 206e 6f74 2073 6574 ror\"..If not set\n+00027910: 2c20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 4f53 , booting the OS\n+00027920: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2065 6e61 626c 6564 will be enabled\n+00027930: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00027940: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6e76 info, Node: Env\n+00027950: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 ironment block, \n+00027960: 2050 7265 763a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 Prev: Special e\n+00027970: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00027980: 626c 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2045 6e76 6972 bles, Up: Envir\n+00027990: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a0a 3135 2e32 2054 6865 onment..15.2 The\n+000279a0: 2047 5255 4220 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e GRUB environmen\n+000279b0: 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d t block.========\n 000279c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000279d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 =============..I\n-000279e0: 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e 2075 7365 6675 t is often usefu\n-000279f0: 6c20 746f 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 l to be able to \n-00027a00: 7265 6d65 6d62 6572 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c remember a small\n-00027a10: 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2069 6e66 6f72 amount of infor\n-00027a20: 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a66 726f 6d20 6f6e 6520 mation.from one \n-00027a30: 626f 6f74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 7874 boot to the next\n-00027a40: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 . For example, \n-00027a50: 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 7761 6e74 2074 you might want t\n-00027a60: 6f20 7365 7420 7468 650a 6465 6661 756c o set the.defaul\n-00027a70: 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2062 6173 t menu entry bas\n-00027a80: 6564 206f 6e20 7768 6174 2077 6173 2073 ed on what was s\n-00027a90: 656c 6563 7465 6420 7468 6520 6c61 7374 elected the last\n-00027aa0: 2074 696d 652e 2020 4752 5542 0a64 656c time. GRUB.del\n-00027ab0: 6962 6572 6174 656c 7920 646f 6573 206e iberately does n\n-00027ac0: 6f74 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 7570 ot implement sup\n-00027ad0: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2077 7269 7469 6e67 port for writing\n-00027ae0: 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 files in order \n-00027af0: 746f 0a6d 696e 696d 6973 6520 7468 6520 to.minimise the \n-00027b00: 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2074 possibility of t\n-00027b10: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2062 he boot loader b\n-00027b20: 6569 6e67 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 eing responsible\n-00027b30: 2066 6f72 2066 696c 650a 7379 7374 656d for file.system\n-00027b40: 2063 6f72 7275 7074 696f 6e2c 2073 6f20 corruption, so \n-00027b50: 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 a GRUB configura\n-00027b60: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 tion file cannot\n-00027b70: 206a 7573 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 0a66 just create a.f\n-00027b80: 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206f 7264 696e ile in the ordin\n-00027b90: 6172 7920 7761 792e 2020 486f 7765 7665 ary way. Howeve\n-00027ba0: 722c 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 r, GRUB provides\n-00027bb0: 2061 6e20 2265 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 an \"environment\n-00027bc0: 2062 6c6f 636b 220a 7768 6963 6820 6361 block\".which ca\n-00027bd0: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 6176 n be used to sav\n-00027be0: 6520 6120 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 e a small amount\n-00027bf0: 206f 6620 7374 6174 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 of state... T\n-00027c00: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 he environment b\n-00027c10: 6c6f 636b 2069 7320 6120 7072 6561 6c6c lock is a preall\n-00027c20: 6f63 6174 6564 2031 3032 342d 6279 7465 ocated 1024-byte\n-00027c30: 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 0a6e 6f72 file, which.nor\n-00027c40: 6d61 6c6c 7920 6c69 7665 7320 696e 20e2 mally lives in .\n-00027c50: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 ../boot/grub/gru\n-00027c60: 6265 6e76 e280 9920 2861 6c74 686f 7567 benv... (althoug\n-00027c70: 6820 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 h you should not\n-00027c80: 2061 7373 756d 650a 7468 6973 292e 2020 assume.this). \n-00027c90: 4174 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 At boot time, th\n-00027ca0: 6520 e280 986c 6f61 645f 656e 76e2 8099 e ...load_env...\n-00027cb0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 command (*note \n-00027cc0: 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2920 6c6f 6164 load_env::) load\n-00027cd0: 730a 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 s.environment va\n-00027ce0: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 742c riables from it,\n-00027cf0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7361 7665 and the ...save\n-00027d00: 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 _env... (*note s\n-00027d10: 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a29 0a63 6f6d 6d61 ave_env::).comma\n-00027d20: 6e64 2073 6176 6573 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e nd saves environ\n-00027d30: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 ment variables t\n-00027d40: 6f20 6974 2e20 2046 726f 6d20 6120 7275 o it. From a ru\n-00027d50: 6e6e 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 nning system, th\n-00027d60: 650a e280 9867 7275 622d 6564 6974 656e e....grub-editen\n-00027d70: 76e2 8099 2075 7469 6c69 7479 2063 616e v... utility can\n-00027d80: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6564 6974 be used to edit\n-00027d90: 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 the environment\n-00027da0: 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 block... For \n-00027db0: 7361 6665 7479 2072 6561 736f 6e73 2c20 safety reasons, \n-00027dc0: 7468 6973 2073 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 this storage is \n-00027dd0: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2077 only available w\n-00027de0: 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e hen installed on\n-00027df0: 0a61 2070 6c61 696e 2064 6973 6b20 286e .a plain disk (n\n-00027e00: 6f20 4c56 4d20 6f72 2052 4149 4429 2c20 o LVM or RAID), \n-00027e10: 7573 696e 6720 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6368 6563 using a non-chec\n-00027e20: 6b73 756d 6d69 6e67 2066 696c 6573 7973 ksumming filesys\n-00027e30: 7465 6d20 286e 6f0a 5a46 5329 2c20 616e tem (no.ZFS), an\n-00027e40: 6420 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 206f 7220 d using BIOS or \n-00027e50: 4546 4920 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 286e EFI functions (n\n-00027e60: 6f20 4154 412c 2055 5342 206f 7220 4945 o ATA, USB or IE\n-00027e70: 4545 3132 3735 292e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 EE1275)... ...\n-00027e80: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n-00027e90: 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 6163 696c uses this facil\n-00027ea0: 6974 7920 746f 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 ity to implement\n-00027eb0: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f53 4156 4544 4546 ...GRUB_SAVEDEF\n-00027ec0: 4155 4c54 e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 AULT....(*note S\n-00027ed0: 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple configurat\n-00027ee0: 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ion::).....File:\n-00027ef0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00027f00: 653a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 204e 6578 e: Modules, Nex\n-00027f10: 743a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 t: Commands, Pr\n-00027f20: 6576 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742c ev: Environment,\n-00027f30: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3620 4d6f Up: Top..16 Mo\n-00027f40: 6475 6c65 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a dules.**********\n-00027f50: 0a0a 496e 2074 6869 7320 6368 6170 7465 ..In this chapte\n-00027f60: 722c 2077 6520 6c69 7374 2061 6c6c 206d r, we list all m\n-00027f70: 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 odules that are \n-00027f80: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2047 5255 available in GRU\n-00027f90: 420a 2863 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2069 6e63 B.(currently inc\n-00027fa0: 6f6d 706c 6574 6529 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f omplete)... Mo\n-00027fb0: 6475 6c65 7320 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6f61 dules can be loa\n-00027fc0: 6465 6420 7669 6120 7468 6520 e280 9869 ded via the ...i\n-00027fd0: 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 nsmod... (*note \n-00027fe0: 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e insmod::) comman\n-00027ff0: 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2062 d...* Menu:..* b\n-00028000: 6c69 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 li::....File: gr\n-00028010: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00028020: 626c 692c 2020 5570 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 bli, Up: Module\n-00028030: 730a 0a31 362e 3120 626c 690a 3d3d 3d3d s..16.1 bli.====\n-00028040: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6973 206d 6f64 756c ====..This modul\n-00028050: 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2062 6173 6963 e provides basic\n-00028060: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2074 6865 support for the\n-00028070: 2042 6f6f 7420 4c6f 6164 6572 2049 6e74 Boot Loader Int\n-00028080: 6572 6661 6365 2e20 2054 6865 0a42 6f6f erface. The.Boo\n-00028090: 7420 4c6f 6164 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 t Loader Interfa\n-000280a0: 6365 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 2073 ce specifies a s\n-000280b0: 6574 206f 6620 4546 4920 7661 7269 6162 et of EFI variab\n-000280c0: 6c65 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 2075 7365 les that are use\n-000280d0: 6420 746f 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7465 d to.communicate\n-000280e0: 2062 6f6f 742d 7469 6d65 2069 6e66 6f72 boot-time infor\n-000280f0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 mation between t\n-00028100: 6865 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 616e he bootloader an\n-00028110: 6420 7468 650a 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 d the.operating \n-00028120: 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 system... The \n-00028130: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7661 7269 6162 following variab\n-00028140: 6c65 7320 6172 6520 706c 6163 6564 2075 les are placed u\n-00028150: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2076 656e 646f 7220 nder the vendor \n-00028160: 5555 4944 0ae2 8098 3461 3637 6230 3832 UUID....4a67b082\n-00028170: 2d30 6134 632d 3431 6366 2d62 3663 372d -0a4c-41cf-b6c7-\n-00028180: 3434 3062 3239 6262 3863 3466 e280 9920 440b29bb8c4f... \n-00028190: 7768 656e 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 when the module \n-000281a0: 6973 206c 6f61 6465 643a 0a0a 2020 2054 is loaded:.. T\n-000281b0: 6865 2047 5054 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e he GPT partition\n-000281c0: 2055 5549 4420 6f66 2074 6865 2045 4649 UUID of the EFI\n-000281d0: 2053 7973 7465 6d20 5061 7274 6974 696f System Partitio\n-000281e0: 6e20 7573 6564 2064 7572 696e 6720 626f n used during bo\n-000281f0: 6f74 0a69 7320 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 ot.is published \n-00028200: 7669 6120 7468 6520 e280 984c 6f61 6465 via the ...Loade\n-00028210: 7244 6576 6963 6550 6172 7455 5549 44e2 rDevicePartUUID.\n-00028220: 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 652e 2020 5468 .. variable. Th\n-00028230: 6520 426f 6f74 204c 6f61 6465 720a 496e e Boot Loader.In\n-00028240: 7465 7266 6163 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 terface specific\n-00028250: 6174 696f 6e20 7265 7175 6972 6573 2047 ation requires G\n-00028260: 5054 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2064 7269 PT formatted dri\n-00028270: 7665 732e 2020 5468 6520 626c 6920 6d6f ves. The bli mo\n-00028280: 6475 6c65 0a69 676e 6f72 6573 2064 7269 dule.ignores dri\n-00028290: 7665 732f 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2069 ves/partitions i\n-000282a0: 6e20 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 666f 726d n any other form\n-000282b0: 6174 2e20 2049 6620 4752 5542 2069 7320 at. If GRUB is \n-000282c0: 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 726f 6d20 610a 6e6f loaded from a.no\n-000282d0: 6e2d 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c n-GPT partition,\n-000282e0: 2065 2e67 2e20 2066 726f 6d20 616e 204d e.g. from an M\n-000282f0: 5344 4f53 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2064 SDOS formatted d\n-00028300: 7269 7665 206f 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2c rive or network,\n-00028310: 2074 6869 730a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2077 this.variable w\n-00028320: 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2073 6574 2e0a ill not be set..\n-00028330: 0a20 2020 4120 7374 7269 6e67 2069 6465 . A string ide\n-00028340: 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6173 ntifying GRUB as\n-00028350: 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 626f 6f74 the active boot\n-00028360: 6c6f 6164 6572 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 loader including\n-00028370: 2074 6865 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d the.version num\n-00028380: 6265 7220 6973 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e ber is stored in\n-00028390: 20e2 8098 4c6f 6164 6572 496e 666f e280 ...LoaderInfo..\n-000283a0: 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d6f 6475 .... This modu\n-000283b0: 6c65 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c le is only avail\n-000283c0: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 5545 4649 2070 6c61 able on UEFI pla\n-000283d0: 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a tforms.....File:\n-000283e0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000283f0: 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 e: Commands, Ne\n-00028400: 7874 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 xt: Internationa\n-00028410: 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a lisation, Prev:\n-00028420: 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 Modules, Up: T\n-00028430: 6f70 0a0a 3137 2041 7661 696c 6162 6c65 op..17 Available\n-00028440: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a commands.******\n-00028450: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-00028460: 0a49 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6861 7074 6572 .In this chapter\n-00028470: 2c20 7765 206c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 636f , we list all co\n-00028480: 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 mmands that are \n-00028490: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2047 5255 available in GRU\n-000284a0: 422e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 B... Commands \n-000284b0: 6265 6c6f 6e67 2074 6f20 6469 6666 6572 belong to differ\n-000284c0: 656e 7420 6772 6f75 7073 2e20 2041 2066 ent groups. A f\n-000284d0: 6577 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 ew can only be u\n-000284e0: 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a67 6c6f 6261 sed in the.globa\n-000284f0: 6c20 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 l section of the\n-00028500: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-00028510: 696c 6520 286f 7220 226d 656e 7522 293b ile (or \"menu\");\n-00028520: 206d 6f73 7420 6f66 2074 6865 6d20 6361 most of them ca\n-00028530: 6e0a 6265 2065 6e74 6572 6564 206f 6e20 n.be entered on \n-00028540: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 the command-line\n-00028550: 2061 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 and can be used\n-00028560: 2065 6974 6865 7220 616e 7977 6865 7265 either anywhere\n-00028570: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 6d65 6e75 206f 7220 in the.menu or \n-00028580: 7370 6563 6966 6963 616c 6c79 2069 6e20 specifically in \n-00028590: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 the menu entries\n-000285a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 496e 2072 6573 6375 6520 ... In rescue \n-000285b0: 6d6f 6465 2c20 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 20e2 mode, only the .\n-000285c0: 8098 696e 736d 6f64 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ..insmod... (*no\n-000285d0: 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2c20 e280 te insmod::), ..\n-000285e0: 986c 73e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 .ls... (*note.ls\n-000285f0: 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 7365 74e2 8099 2028 ::), ...set... (\n-00028600: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 616e *note set::), an\n-00028610: 6420 e280 9875 6e73 6574 e280 9920 282a d ...unset... (*\n-00028620: 6e6f 7465 2075 6e73 6574 3a3a 2920 636f note unset::) co\n-00028630: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 0a6e 6f72 6d61 mmands are.norma\n-00028640: 6c6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 lly available. \n-00028650: 4966 2079 6f75 2065 6e64 2075 7020 696e If you end up in\n-00028660: 2072 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 6e64 rescue mode and\n-00028670: 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 6b6e 6f77 2077 6861 do not know wha\n-00028680: 740a 746f 2064 6f2c 2074 6865 6e20 2a6e t.to do, then *n\n-00028690: 6f74 6520 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 ote GRUB only of\n-000286a0: 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 fers a rescue sh\n-000286b0: 656c 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a ell::...* Menu:.\n-000286c0: 0a2a 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 6963 .* Menu-specific\n-000286d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 4c6f commands::.* Lo\n-000286e0: 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a ader commands::.\n-000286f0: 2a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e * General comman\n-00028700: 6473 3a3a 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c ds::.* Command-l\n-00028710: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a ine commands::.*\n-00028720: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n-00028730: 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 2055 6e64 6f63 756d ands::.* Undocum\n-00028740: 656e 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a ented commands::\n-00028750: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00028760: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 nfo, Node: Menu\n-00028770: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e -specific comman\n-00028780: 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f61 6465 ds, Next: Loade\n-00028790: 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a r commands, Up:\n-000287a0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3120 Commands..17.1 \n-000287b0: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2066 6f72 2074 6865 Commands for the\n-000287c0: 206d 656e 7520 6f6e 6c79 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d menu only.=====\n+000279d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a49 7420 6973 206f =======..It is o\n+000279e0: 6674 656e 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 2062 ften useful to b\n+000279f0: 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6d65 6d62 e able to rememb\n+00027a00: 6572 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 2061 6d6f 756e er a small amoun\n+00027a10: 7420 6f66 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e t of information\n+00027a20: 0a66 726f 6d20 6f6e 6520 626f 6f74 2074 .from one boot t\n+00027a30: 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2e20 2046 6f72 o the next. For\n+00027a40: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 796f 7520 6d69 example, you mi\n+00027a50: 6768 7420 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 ght want to set \n+00027a60: 7468 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 the.default menu\n+00027a70: 2065 6e74 7279 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 entry based on \n+00027a80: 7768 6174 2077 6173 2073 656c 6563 7465 what was selecte\n+00027a90: 6420 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2074 696d 652e d the last time.\n+00027aa0: 2020 4752 5542 0a64 656c 6962 6572 6174 GRUB.deliberat\n+00027ab0: 656c 7920 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6d70 ely does not imp\n+00027ac0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 lement support f\n+00027ad0: 6f72 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2066 696c 6573 or writing files\n+00027ae0: 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 0a6d 696e in order to.min\n+00027af0: 696d 6973 6520 7468 6520 706f 7373 6962 imise the possib\n+00027b00: 696c 6974 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f ility of the boo\n+00027b10: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2062 6569 6e67 2072 t loader being r\n+00027b20: 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2066 esponsible for f\n+00027b30: 696c 650a 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f72 7275 ile.system corru\n+00027b40: 7074 696f 6e2c 2073 6f20 6120 4752 5542 ption, so a GRUB\n+00027b50: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00027b60: 696c 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 206a 7573 7420 ile cannot just \n+00027b70: 6372 6561 7465 2061 0a66 696c 6520 696e create a.file in\n+00027b80: 2074 6865 206f 7264 696e 6172 7920 7761 the ordinary wa\n+00027b90: 792e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2047 5255 y. However, GRU\n+00027ba0: 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 6e20 2265 B provides an \"e\n+00027bb0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+00027bc0: 220a 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2075 \".which can be u\n+00027bd0: 7365 6420 746f 2073 6176 6520 6120 736d sed to save a sm\n+00027be0: 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7374 all amount of st\n+00027bf0: 6174 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 6e76 ate... The env\n+00027c00: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2069 ironment block i\n+00027c10: 7320 6120 7072 6561 6c6c 6f63 6174 6564 s a preallocated\n+00027c20: 2031 3032 342d 6279 7465 2066 696c 652c 1024-byte file,\n+00027c30: 2077 6869 6368 0a6e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 which.normally \n+00027c40: 6c69 7665 7320 696e 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f lives in .../boo\n+00027c50: 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 6265 6e76 e280 t/grub/grubenv..\n+00027c60: 9920 2861 6c74 686f 7567 6820 796f 7520 . (although you \n+00027c70: 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2061 7373 756d should not assum\n+00027c80: 650a 7468 6973 292e 2020 4174 2062 6f6f e.this). At boo\n+00027c90: 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986c t time, the ...l\n+00027ca0: 6f61 645f 656e 76e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 oad_env... comma\n+00027cb0: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 5f65 nd (*note load_e\n+00027cc0: 6e76 3a3a 2920 6c6f 6164 730a 656e 7669 nv::) loads.envi\n+00027cd0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00027ce0: 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 742c 2061 6e64 2074 s from it, and t\n+00027cf0: 6865 20e2 8098 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 e280 he ...save_env..\n+00027d00: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6176 655f 656e . (*note save_en\n+00027d10: 763a 3a29 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 6176 v::).command sav\n+00027d20: 6573 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 es environment v\n+00027d30: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 6974 2e20 ariables to it. \n+00027d40: 2046 726f 6d20 6120 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 From a running \n+00027d50: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 650a e280 9867 system, the....g\n+00027d60: 7275 622d 6564 6974 656e 76e2 8099 2075 rub-editenv... u\n+00027d70: 7469 6c69 7479 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 tility can be us\n+00027d80: 6564 2074 6f20 6564 6974 2074 6865 2065 ed to edit the e\n+00027d90: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+00027da0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 7361 6665 7479 ... For safety\n+00027db0: 2072 6561 736f 6e73 2c20 7468 6973 2073 reasons, this s\n+00027dc0: 746f 7261 6765 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 torage is only a\n+00027dd0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2077 6865 6e20 696e vailable when in\n+00027de0: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 0a61 2070 6c61 stalled on.a pla\n+00027df0: 696e 2064 6973 6b20 286e 6f20 4c56 4d20 in disk (no LVM \n+00027e00: 6f72 2052 4149 4429 2c20 7573 696e 6720 or RAID), using \n+00027e10: 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6368 6563 6b73 756d 6d69 a non-checksummi\n+00027e20: 6e67 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 286e ng filesystem (n\n+00027e30: 6f0a 5a46 5329 2c20 616e 6420 7573 696e o.ZFS), and usin\n+00027e40: 6720 4249 4f53 206f 7220 4546 4920 6675 g BIOS or EFI fu\n+00027e50: 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 286e 6f20 4154 412c nctions (no ATA,\n+00027e60: 2055 5342 206f 7220 4945 4545 3132 3735 USB or IEEE1275\n+00027e70: 292e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d )... ...grub-m\n+00027e80: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2075 7365 7320 kconfig... uses \n+00027e90: 7468 6973 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 746f this facility to\n+00027ea0: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 20e2 8098 4752 implement ...GR\n+00027eb0: 5542 5f53 4156 4544 4546 4155 4c54 e280 UB_SAVEDEFAULT..\n+00027ec0: 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 ..(*note Simple \n+00027ed0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n+00027ee0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00027ef0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 6f64 info, Node: Mod\n+00027f00: 756c 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6d ules, Next: Com\n+00027f10: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 456e mands, Prev: En\n+00027f20: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 vironment, Up: \n+00027f30: 546f 700a 0a31 3620 4d6f 6475 6c65 730a Top..16 Modules.\n+00027f40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 2074 **********..In t\n+00027f50: 6869 7320 6368 6170 7465 722c 2077 6520 his chapter, we \n+00027f60: 6c69 7374 2061 6c6c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 list all modules\n+00027f70: 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 that are availa\n+00027f80: 626c 6520 696e 2047 5255 420a 2863 7572 ble in GRUB.(cur\n+00027f90: 7265 6e74 6c79 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 rently incomplet\n+00027fa0: 6529 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6475 6c65 7320 e)... Modules \n+00027fb0: 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7669 can be loaded vi\n+00027fc0: 6120 7468 6520 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 a the ...insmod.\n+00027fd0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 .. (*note insmod\n+00027fe0: 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 ::) command...* \n+00027ff0: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2062 6c69 3a3a 0a0a Menu:..* bli::..\n+00028000: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00028010: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 692c 2020 o, Node: bli, \n+00028020: 5570 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 730a 0a31 362e Up: Modules..16.\n+00028030: 3120 626c 690a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 1 bli.========..\n+00028040: 5468 6973 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7072 6f76 This module prov\n+00028050: 6964 6573 2062 6173 6963 2073 7570 706f ides basic suppo\n+00028060: 7274 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2042 6f6f 7420 rt for the Boot \n+00028070: 4c6f 6164 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 Loader Interface\n+00028080: 2e20 2054 6865 0a42 6f6f 7420 4c6f 6164 . The.Boot Load\n+00028090: 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2073 7065 er Interface spe\n+000280a0: 6369 6669 6573 2061 2073 6574 206f 6620 cifies a set of \n+000280b0: 4546 4920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7468 EFI variables th\n+000280c0: 6174 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 0a63 at are used to.c\n+000280d0: 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7465 2062 6f6f 742d ommunicate boot-\n+000280e0: 7469 6d65 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e time information\n+000280f0: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f between the boo\n+00028100: 746c 6f61 6465 7220 616e 6420 7468 650a tloader and the.\n+00028110: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00028120: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ... The follow\n+00028130: 696e 6720 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 ing variables ar\n+00028140: 6520 706c 6163 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 e placed under t\n+00028150: 6865 2076 656e 646f 7220 5555 4944 0ae2 he vendor UUID..\n+00028160: 8098 3461 3637 6230 3832 2d30 6134 632d ..4a67b082-0a4c-\n+00028170: 3431 6366 2d62 3663 372d 3434 3062 3239 41cf-b6c7-440b29\n+00028180: 6262 3863 3466 e280 9920 7768 656e 2074 bb8c4f... when t\n+00028190: 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 he module is loa\n+000281a0: 6465 643a 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2047 5054 ded:.. The GPT\n+000281b0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2055 5549 4420 partition UUID \n+000281c0: 6f66 2074 6865 2045 4649 2053 7973 7465 of the EFI Syste\n+000281d0: 6d20 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7573 6564 m Partition used\n+000281e0: 2064 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 0a69 7320 during boot.is \n+000281f0: 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 7669 6120 7468 published via th\n+00028200: 6520 e280 984c 6f61 6465 7244 6576 6963 e ...LoaderDevic\n+00028210: 6550 6172 7455 5549 44e2 8099 2076 6172 ePartUUID... var\n+00028220: 6961 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 426f 6f74 iable. The Boot\n+00028230: 204c 6f61 6465 720a 496e 7465 7266 6163 Loader.Interfac\n+00028240: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 e specification \n+00028250: 7265 7175 6972 6573 2047 5054 2066 6f72 requires GPT for\n+00028260: 6d61 7474 6564 2064 7269 7665 732e 2020 matted drives. \n+00028270: 5468 6520 626c 6920 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a69 The bli module.i\n+00028280: 676e 6f72 6573 2064 7269 7665 732f 7061 gnores drives/pa\n+00028290: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 616e 7920 rtitions in any \n+000282a0: 6f74 6865 7220 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2049 other format. I\n+000282b0: 6620 4752 5542 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 f GRUB is loaded\n+000282c0: 2066 726f 6d20 610a 6e6f 6e2d 4750 5420 from a.non-GPT \n+000282d0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2065 2e67 2e20 partition, e.g. \n+000282e0: 2066 726f 6d20 616e 204d 5344 4f53 2066 from an MSDOS f\n+000282f0: 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2064 7269 7665 206f ormatted drive o\n+00028300: 7220 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2c 2074 6869 730a r network, this.\n+00028310: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f variable will no\n+00028320: 7420 6265 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 t be set... A \n+00028330: 7374 7269 6e67 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 string identifyi\n+00028340: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6173 2074 6865 2061 ng GRUB as the a\n+00028350: 6374 6976 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 ctive bootloader\n+00028360: 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 6865 0a76 including the.v\n+00028370: 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6973 ersion number is\n+00028380: 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 8098 4c6f stored in ...Lo\n+00028390: 6164 6572 496e 666f e280 992e 0a0a 2020 aderInfo...... \n+000283a0: 2054 6869 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 7320 This module is \n+000283b0: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f only available o\n+000283c0: 6e20 5545 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 n UEFI platforms\n+000283d0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000283e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d info, Node: Com\n+000283f0: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e mands, Next: In\n+00028400: 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 ternationalisati\n+00028410: 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 6f64 756c on, Prev: Modul\n+00028420: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3137 es, Up: Top..17\n+00028430: 2041 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 Available comma\n+00028440: 6e64 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a nds.************\n+00028450: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a49 6e20 7468 *********..In th\n+00028460: 6973 2063 6861 7074 6572 2c20 7765 206c is chapter, we l\n+00028470: 6973 7420 616c 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ist all commands\n+00028480: 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 that are availa\n+00028490: 626c 6520 696e 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 ble in GRUB... \n+000284a0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6265 6c6f 6e67 Commands belong\n+000284b0: 2074 6f20 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6772 to different gr\n+000284c0: 6f75 7073 2e20 2041 2066 6577 2063 616e oups. 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(*note ins\n+000285d0: 6d6f 643a 3a29 2c20 e280 986c 73e2 8099 mod::), ...ls...\n+000285e0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 3a3a 292c 20e2 (*note.ls::), .\n+000285f0: 8098 7365 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ..set... (*note \n+00028600: 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9875 set::), and ...u\n+00028610: 6e73 6574 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2075 nset... (*note u\n+00028620: 6e73 6574 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nset::) commands\n+00028630: 2061 7265 0a6e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6176 are.normally av\n+00028640: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ailable. If you\n+00028650: 2065 6e64 2075 7020 696e 2072 6573 6375 end up in rescu\n+00028660: 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 6e64 2064 6f20 6e6f e mode and do no\n+00028670: 7420 6b6e 6f77 2077 6861 740a 746f 2064 t know what.to d\n+00028680: 6f2c 2074 6865 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4752 o, then *note GR\n+00028690: 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 UB only offers a\n+000286a0: 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c3a 3a2e rescue shell::.\n+000286b0: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204d 656e ..* Menu:..* Men\n+000286c0: 752d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 u-specific comma\n+000286d0: 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 nds::.* Loader c\n+000286e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 4765 6e65 ommands::.* Gene\n+000286f0: 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a ral commands::.*\n+00028700: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00028710: 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 204e 6574 776f mmands::.* Netwo\n+00028720: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a rking commands::\n+00028730: 0a2a 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 .* Undocumented \n+00028740: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 commands::....Fi\n+00028750: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00028760: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 Node: Menu-speci\n+00028770: 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e fic commands, N\n+00028780: 6578 743a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d ext: Loader comm\n+00028790: 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 ands, Up: Comma\n+000287a0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3120 436f 6d6d 616e nds..17.1 Comman\n+000287b0: 6473 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 ds for the menu \n+000287c0: 6f6e 6c79 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d only.===========\n 000287d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000287e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-000287f0: 7365 6d61 6e74 6963 7320 7573 6564 2069 semantics used i\n-00028800: 6e20 7061 7273 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f n parsing the co\n-00028810: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-00028820: 2061 7265 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 are the followi\n-00028830: 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 ng:.. ... The \n-00028840: 6669 6c65 7320 5f6d 7573 745f 2062 6520 files _must_ be \n-00028850: 696e 2070 6c61 696e 2d74 6578 7420 666f in plain-text fo\n-00028860: 726d 6174 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 rmat... ... ..\n-00028870: 9823 e280 9920 6174 2074 6865 2062 6567 .#... at the beg\n-00028880: 696e 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 6120 6c69 6e65 inning of a line\n-00028890: 2069 6e20 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 in a configurat\n-000288a0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206d 6561 6e73 2069 ion file means i\n-000288b0: 7420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 2061 t is. only a\n-000288c0: 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 comment... ..\n-000288d0: a220 4f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7365 . Options are se\n-000288e0: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 parated by space\n-000288f0: 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 6c6c 206e s... ... All n\n-00028900: 756d 6265 7273 2063 616e 2062 6520 6569 umbers can be ei\n-00028910: 7468 6572 2064 6563 696d 616c 206f 7220 ther decimal or \n-00028920: 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c2e 2020 4120 hexadecimal. A \n-00028930: 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c0a 2020 2020 hexadecimal. \n-00028940: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 number must be \n-00028950: 7072 6563 6564 6564 2062 7920 e280 9830 preceded by ...0\n-00028960: 78e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2063 6173 x..., and is cas\n-00028970: 652d 696e 7365 6e73 6974 6976 652e 0a0a e-insensitive...\n-00028980: 2020 2054 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 These command\n-00028990: 7320 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 s can only be us\n-000289a0: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3a0a ed in the menu:.\n-000289b0: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6d65 6e75 .* Menu:..* menu\n-000289c0: 656e 7472 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 entry:: \n-000289d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5374 6172 7420 Start \n-000289e0: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a 2073 a menu entry.* s\n-000289f0: 7562 6d65 6e75 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ubmenu:: \n-00028a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 726f Gro\n-00028a10: 7570 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a up menu entries.\n-00028a20: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00028a30: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 7565 fo, Node: menue\n-00028a40: 6e74 7279 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 7562 ntry, Next: sub\n-00028a50: 6d65 6e75 2c20 2055 703a 204d 656e 752d menu, Up: Menu-\n-00028a60: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 specific command\n-00028a70: 730a 0a31 372e 312e 3120 6d65 6e75 656e s..17.1.1 menuen\n-00028a80: 7472 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d try.------------\n-00028a90: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00028aa0: 643a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 d: menuentry TIT\n-00028ab0: 4c45 205b 2d2d 636c 6173 733d 636c 6173 LE [--class=clas\n-00028ac0: 7320 2e2e 2e5d 205b 2d2d 7573 6572 733d s ...] [--users=\n-00028ad0: 7573 6572 735d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 users]. \n-00028ae0: 205b 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 [--unrestricted\n-00028af0: 5d20 5b2d 2d68 6f74 6b65 793d 6b65 795d ] [--hotkey=key]\n-00028b00: 205b 2d2d 6964 3d69 645d 205b 4152 4720 [--id=id] [ARG \n-00028b10: 2e2e 2e5d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b0a ...] { COMMAND;.\n-00028b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e20 7d0a ... }.\n-00028b30: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 This define\n-00028b40: 7320 6120 4752 5542 206d 656e 7520 656e s a GRUB menu en\n-00028b50: 7472 7920 6e61 6d65 6420 5449 544c 452e try named TITLE.\n-00028b60: 2020 5768 656e 2074 6869 7320 656e 7472 When this entr\n-00028b70: 7920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 y is. select\n-00028b80: 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 ed from the menu\n-00028b90: 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 , GRUB will set \n-00028ba0: 7468 6520 4348 4f53 454e 2065 6e76 6972 the CHOSEN envir\n-00028bb0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 onment. vari\n-00028bc0: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 able to value of\n-00028bd0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6964 e280 9920 6966 20e2 ...--id... if .\n-00028be0: 8098 2d2d 6964 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 ..--id... is giv\n-00028bf0: 656e 2c20 6578 6563 7574 6520 7468 6520 en, execute the \n-00028c00: 6c69 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d list of. com\n-00028c10: 6d61 6e64 7320 6769 7665 6e20 7769 7468 mands given with\n-00028c20: 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c 2061 6e64 2069 in braces, and i\n-00028c30: 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 f the last comma\n-00028c40: 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 0a20 nd in the list. \n-00028c50: 2020 2020 7265 7475 726e 6564 2073 7563 returned suc\n-00028c60: 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 616e 6420 6120 cessfully and a \n-00028c70: 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6173 206c 6f61 6465 kernel was loade\n-00028c80: 6420 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6578 6563 7574 d it will execut\n-00028c90: 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 626f e the. ...bo\n-00028ca0: 6f74 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a ot... command...\n-00028cb0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 636c The ...--cl\n-00028cc0: 6173 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 ass... option ma\n-00028cd0: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 616e 7920 6e75 y be used any nu\n-00028ce0: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7469 6d65 7320 746f mber of times to\n-00028cf0: 2067 726f 7570 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 group menu. \n-00028d00: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 636c entries into cl\n-00028d10: 6173 7365 732e 2020 4d65 6e75 2074 6865 asses. Menu the\n-00028d20: 6d65 7320 6d61 7920 6469 7370 6c61 7920 mes may display \n-00028d30: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 636c 6173 7365 different classe\n-00028d40: 730a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2064 6966 s. using dif\n-00028d50: 6665 7265 6e74 2073 7479 6c65 732e 0a0a ferent styles...\n-00028d60: 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7573 The ...--us\n-00028d70: 6572 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6772 ers... option gr\n-00028d80: 616e 7473 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 7573 ants specific us\n-00028d90: 6572 7320 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7370 ers access to sp\n-00028da0: 6563 6966 6963 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 ecific menu. \n-00028db0: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 entries. *Note\n-00028dc0: 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 Security::... \n-00028dd0: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e 7265 The ...--unre\n-00028de0: 7374 7269 6374 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 stricted... opti\n-00028df0: 6f6e 2067 7261 6e74 7320 616c 6c20 7573 on grants all us\n-00028e00: 6572 7320 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7370 ers access to sp\n-00028e10: 6563 6966 6963 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 ecific. menu\n-00028e20: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 entries. *Note\n-00028e30: 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 Security::... \n-00028e40: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 686f 746b The ...--hotk\n-00028e50: 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7373 ey... option ass\n-00028e60: 6f63 6961 7465 7320 6120 686f 746b 6579 ociates a hotkey\n-00028e70: 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 with a menu ent\n-00028e80: 7279 2e20 204b 4559 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 ry. KEY. ma\n-00028e90: 7920 6265 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 6c65 y be a single le\n-00028ea0: 7474 6572 2c20 6f72 206f 6e65 206f 6620 tter, or one of \n-00028eb0: 7468 6520 616c 6961 7365 7320 e280 9862 the aliases ...b\n-00028ec0: 6163 6b73 7061 6365 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ackspace..., ...\n-00028ed0: 7461 62e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 206f 7220 tab...,. or \n-00028ee0: e280 9864 656c 6574 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 ...delete...... \n-00028ef0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d69 64e2 The ...--id.\n-00028f00: 8099 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 .. may be used t\n-00028f10: 6f20 6173 736f 6369 6174 6520 756e 6971 o associate uniq\n-00028f20: 7565 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 7769 ue identifier wi\n-00028f30: 7468 2061 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 th a menu. e\n-00028f40: 6e74 7279 2e20 2049 4420 6973 2073 7472 ntry. ID is str\n-00028f50: 696e 6720 6f66 2041 5343 4949 2061 7068 ing of ASCII aph\n-00028f60: 616e 756d 6572 6963 2063 6861 7261 6374 anumeric charact\n-00028f70: 6572 732c 2075 6e64 6572 7363 6f72 650a ers, underscore.\n-00028f80: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2068 7970 6865 6e20 and hyphen \n-00028f90: 616e 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2073 and should not s\n-00028fa0: 7461 7274 2077 6974 6820 6120 6469 6769 tart with a digi\n-00028fb0: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 206f 7468 t... All oth\n-00028fc0: 6572 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2069 6e63 er arguments inc\n-00028fd0: 6c75 6469 6e67 2054 4954 4c45 2061 7265 luding TITLE are\n-00028fe0: 2070 6173 7365 6420 6173 2070 6f73 6974 passed as posit\n-00028ff0: 696f 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2070 6172 616d ional. param\n-00029000: 6574 6572 7320 7768 656e 206c 6973 7420 eters when list \n-00029010: 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2065 of commands is e\n-00029020: 7865 6375 7465 6420 7769 7468 2054 4954 xecuted with TIT\n-00029030: 4c45 2061 6c77 6179 730a 2020 2020 2061 LE always. a\n-00029040: 7373 6967 6e65 6420 746f 20e2 8098 2431 ssigned to ...$1\n-00029050: e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ........File: gr\n-00029060: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00029070: 7375 626d 656e 752c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 submenu, Prev: \n-00029080: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 792c 2020 5570 3a20 menuentry, Up: \n-00029090: 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f Menu-specific co\n-000290a0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e31 2e32 2073 mmands..17.1.2 s\n-000290b0: 7562 6d65 6e75 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ubmenu.---------\n-000290c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-000290d0: 6e64 3a20 7375 626d 656e 7520 5449 544c nd: submenu TITL\n-000290e0: 4520 5b2d 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 E [--class=class\n-000290f0: 202e 2e2e 5d20 5b2d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 ...] [--users=u\n-00029100: 7365 7273 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sers]. \n-00029110: 5b2d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 645d [--unrestricted]\n-00029120: 205b 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 5d20 [--hotkey=key] \n-00029130: 5b2d 2d69 643d 6964 5d20 7b20 4d45 4e55 [--id=id] { MENU\n-00029140: 2045 4e54 5249 4553 202e 2e2e 207d 0a20 ENTRIES ... }. \n-00029150: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2064 6566 696e 6573 This defines\n-00029160: 2061 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 2041 6e20 a submenu. An \n-00029170: 656e 7472 7920 6361 6c6c 6564 2054 4954 entry called TIT\n-00029180: 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6464 6564 LE will be added\n-00029190: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 656e to the. men\n-000291a0: 753b 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6174 2065 6e74 u; when that ent\n-000291b0: 7279 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c20 ry is selected, \n-000291c0: 6120 6e65 7720 6d65 6e75 2077 696c 6c20 a new menu will \n-000291d0: 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 0a20 2020 be displayed. \n-000291e0: 2020 7368 6f77 696e 6720 616c 6c20 7468 showing all th\n-000291f0: 6520 656e 7472 6965 7320 7769 7468 696e e entries within\n-00029200: 2074 6869 7320 7375 626d 656e 752e 0a0a this submenu...\n-00029210: 2020 2020 2041 6c6c 206f 7074 696f 6e73 All options\n-00029220: 2061 7265 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 are the same as\n-00029230: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 986d 656e 7565 in the ...menue\n-00029240: 6e74 7279 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ntry... command \n-00029250: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 (*note. menu\n-00029260: 656e 7472 793a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c entry::).....Fil\n-00029270: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00029280: 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d ode: Loader comm\n-00029290: 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2047 656e ands, Next: Gen\n-000292a0: 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 eral commands, \n-000292b0: 5072 6576 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 Prev: Menu-speci\n-000292c0: 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 fic commands, U\n-000292d0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e p: Commands..17.\n-000292e0: 3220 5661 7269 6f75 7320 6c6f 6164 6572 2 Various loader\n-000292f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d commands.======\n+000287e0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7365 6d61 6e74 ====..The semant\n+000287f0: 6963 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e20 7061 7273 ics used in pars\n+00028800: 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ing the configur\n+00028810: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2061 7265 2074 ation file are t\n+00028820: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 he following:.. \n+00028830: 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 ... 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All numbers\n+00028900: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2064 can be either d\n+00028910: 6563 696d 616c 206f 7220 6865 7861 6465 ecimal or hexade\n+00028920: 6369 6d61 6c2e 2020 4120 6865 7861 6465 cimal. A hexade\n+00028930: 6369 6d61 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 cimal. numbe\n+00028940: 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7072 6563 6564 r must be preced\n+00028950: 6564 2062 7920 e280 9830 78e2 8099 2c20 ed by ...0x..., \n+00028960: 616e 6420 6973 2063 6173 652d 696e 7365 and is case-inse\n+00028970: 6e73 6974 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 nsitive... The\n+00028980: 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6361 6e20 se commands can \n+00028990: 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 only be used in \n+000289a0: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204d 656e the menu:..* Men\n+000289b0: 753a 0a0a 2a20 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 793a u:..* menuentry:\n+000289c0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+000289d0: 2020 2020 5374 6172 7420 6120 6d65 6e75 Start a menu\n+000289e0: 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 entry.* submenu\n+000289f0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+00028a00: 2020 2020 2020 2047 726f 7570 206d 656e Group men\n+00028a10: 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c u entries....Fil\n+00028a20: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00028a30: 6f64 653a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2c20 ode: menuentry, \n+00028a40: 204e 6578 743a 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2c20 Next: submenu, \n+00028a50: 2055 703a 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 Up: Menu-specif\n+00028a60: 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ic commands..17.\n+00028a70: 312e 3120 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 790a 2d2d 1.1 menuentry.--\n+00028a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00028a90: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206d 656e -- Command: men\n+00028aa0: 7565 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 205b 2d2d uentry TITLE [--\n+00028ab0: 636c 6173 733d 636c 6173 7320 2e2e 2e5d class=class ...]\n+00028ac0: 205b 2d2d 7573 6572 733d 7573 6572 735d [--users=users]\n+00028ad0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 756e . [--un\n+00028ae0: 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 5d20 5b2d 2d68 restricted] [--h\n+00028af0: 6f74 6b65 793d 6b65 795d 205b 2d2d 6964 otkey=key] [--id\n+00028b00: 3d69 645d 205b 4152 4720 2e2e 2e5d 207b =id] [ARG ...] {\n+00028b10: 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b0a 2020 2020 2020 COMMAND;. \n+00028b20: 2020 2020 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 ... }. T\n+00028b30: 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 4752 his defines a GR\n+00028b40: 5542 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6e61 UB menu entry na\n+00028b50: 6d65 6420 5449 544c 452e 2020 5768 656e med TITLE. When\n+00028b60: 2074 6869 7320 656e 7472 7920 6973 0a20 this entry is. \n+00028b70: 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2066 726f selected fro\n+00028b80: 6d20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2c20 4752 5542 m the menu, GRUB\n+00028b90: 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 4348 will set the CH\n+00028ba0: 4f53 454e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 OSEN environment\n+00028bb0: 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 . variable t\n+00028bc0: 6f20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 2d2d o value of ...--\n+00028bd0: 6964 e280 9920 6966 20e2 8098 2d2d 6964 id... if ...--id\n+00028be0: e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6578 ... is given, ex\n+00028bf0: 6563 7574 6520 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f ecute the list o\n+00028c00: 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 f. commands \n+00028c10: 6769 7665 6e20 7769 7468 696e 2062 7261 given within bra\n+00028c20: 6365 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6620 7468 6520 ces, and if the \n+00028c30: 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 last command in \n+00028c40: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 7265 the list. re\n+00028c50: 7475 726e 6564 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 turned successfu\n+00028c60: 6c6c 7920 616e 6420 6120 6b65 726e 656c lly and a kernel\n+00028c70: 2077 6173 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6974 2077 was loaded it w\n+00028c80: 696c 6c20 6578 6563 7574 6520 7468 650a ill execute the.\n+00028c90: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 9920 ...boot... \n+00028ca0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 command... 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The\n+00028e40: 20e2 8098 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 e280 9920 ...--hotkey... \n+00028e50: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 option associate\n+00028e60: 7320 6120 686f 746b 6579 2077 6974 6820 s a hotkey with \n+00028e70: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 204b a menu entry. K\n+00028e80: 4559 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 7920 6265 2061 EY. may be a\n+00028e90: 2073 696e 676c 6520 6c65 7474 6572 2c20 single letter, \n+00028ea0: 6f72 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 616c or one of the al\n+00028eb0: 6961 7365 7320 e280 9862 6163 6b73 7061 iases ...backspa\n+00028ec0: 6365 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7461 62e2 8099 ce..., ...tab...\n+00028ed0: 2c0a 2020 2020 206f 7220 e280 9864 656c ,. or ...del\n+00028ee0: 6574 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ete...... Th\n+00028ef0: 6520 e280 982d 2d69 64e2 8099 206d 6179 e ...--id... may\n+00028f00: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6173 736f be used to asso\n+00028f10: 6369 6174 6520 756e 6971 7565 2069 6465 ciate unique ide\n+00028f20: 6e74 6966 6965 7220 7769 7468 2061 206d ntifier with a m\n+00028f30: 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 enu. entry. \n+00028f40: 2049 4420 6973 2073 7472 696e 6720 6f66 ID is string of\n+00028f50: 2041 5343 4949 2061 7068 616e 756d 6572 ASCII aphanumer\n+00028f60: 6963 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 732c 2075 ic characters, u\n+00028f70: 6e64 6572 7363 6f72 650a 2020 2020 2061 nderscore. a\n+00028f80: 6e64 2068 7970 6865 6e20 616e 6420 7368 nd hyphen and sh\n+00028f90: 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2073 7461 7274 2077 ould not start w\n+00028fa0: 6974 6820 6120 6469 6769 742e 0a0a 2020 ith a digit... \n+00028fb0: 2020 2041 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 2061 7267 All other arg\n+00028fc0: 756d 656e 7473 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 uments including\n+00028fd0: 2054 4954 4c45 2061 7265 2070 6173 7365 TITLE are passe\n+00028fe0: 6420 6173 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c0a d as positional.\n+00028ff0: 2020 2020 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 parameters \n+00029000: 7768 656e 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d when list of com\n+00029010: 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 mands is execute\n+00029020: 6420 7769 7468 2054 4954 4c45 2061 6c77 d with TITLE alw\n+00029030: 6179 730a 2020 2020 2061 7373 6967 6e65 ays. assigne\n+00029040: 6420 746f 20e2 8098 2431 e280 992e 0a0a d to ...$1......\n+00029050: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00029060: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 626d 656e o, Node: submen\n+00029070: 752c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 6e75 656e u, Prev: menuen\n+00029080: 7472 792c 2020 5570 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 try, Up: Menu-s\n+00029090: 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 pecific commands\n+000290a0: 0a0a 3137 2e31 2e32 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 ..17.1.2 submenu\n+000290b0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n+000290c0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7375 . -- Command: su\n+000290d0: 626d 656e 7520 5449 544c 4520 5b2d 2d63 bmenu TITLE [--c\n+000290e0: 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 202e 2e2e 5d20 lass=class ...] \n+000290f0: 5b2d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 5d0a [--users=users].\n+00029100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d75 6e72 [--unr\n+00029110: 6573 7472 6963 7465 645d 205b 2d2d 686f estricted] [--ho\n+00029120: 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 5d20 5b2d 2d69 643d tkey=key] [--id=\n+00029130: 6964 5d20 7b20 4d45 4e55 2045 4e54 5249 id] { MENU ENTRI\n+00029140: 4553 202e 2e2e 207d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ES ... }. Th\n+00029150: 6973 2064 6566 696e 6573 2061 2073 7562 is defines a sub\n+00029160: 6d65 6e75 2e20 2041 6e20 656e 7472 7920 menu. An entry \n+00029170: 6361 6c6c 6564 2054 4954 4c45 2077 696c called TITLE wil\n+00029180: 6c20 6265 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 7468 l be added to th\n+00029190: 650a 2020 2020 206d 656e 753b 2077 6865 e. menu; whe\n+000291a0: 6e20 7468 6174 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 n that entry is \n+000291b0: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c20 6120 6e65 7720 selected, a new \n+000291c0: 6d65 6e75 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 menu will be dis\n+000291d0: 706c 6179 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7368 6f77 played. show\n+000291e0: 696e 6720 616c 6c20 7468 6520 656e 7472 ing all the entr\n+000291f0: 6965 7320 7769 7468 696e 2074 6869 7320 ies within this \n+00029200: 7375 626d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 submenu... 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Load NTLD\n-00029800: 5220 6f72 2042 6f6f 744d 4752 2e0a 2020 R or BootMGR.. \n-00029810: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 ... ...plan9...\n-00029820: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 506c 616e 3920 6b65 - Load Plan9 ke\n-00029830: 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 rnel.. ... ...\n-00029840: 7078 6563 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 pxechainloader..\n-00029850: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 2050 5845 2069 . - Load a PXE i\n-00029860: 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 mage.. ... ...\n-00029870: 7472 7565 6372 7970 74e2 8099 202d 204c truecrypt... - L\n-00029880: 6f61 6420 5472 7565 6372 7970 7420 4953 oad Truecrypt IS\n-00029890: 4f2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 O.. ... ...xnu\n-000298a0: 5f6b 6572 6e65 6c36 34e2 8099 202d 204c _kernel64... - L\n-000298b0: 6f61 6420 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2069 oad 64-bit XNU i\n-000298c0: 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 mage.. ... ...\n-000298d0: 786e 755f 6b65 726e 656c e280 9920 2d20 xnu_kernel... - \n-000298e0: 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a Load XNU image..\n-000298f0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 ... ...xnu_ke\n-00029900: 7874 6469 72e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 xtdir... - Load \n-00029910: 584e 5520 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 6469 XNU extension di\n-00029920: 7265 6374 6f72 792e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 rectory.. ... \n-00029930: e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6578 74e2 8099 202d ...xnu_kext... -\n-00029940: 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 6578 7465 6e73 Load XNU extens\n-00029950: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 ion.. ... ...x\n-00029960: 6e75 5f6d 6b65 7874 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f nu_mkext... - Lo\n-00029970: 6164 2058 4e55 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e ad XNU extension\n-00029980: 2070 6163 6b61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 package.. ...\n-00029990: 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 ...xnu_ramdisk.\n-000299a0: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 7261 .. - Load XNU ra\n-000299b0: 6d64 6973 6b2e 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c20 mdisk. It will \n-000299c0: 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 be available in \n-000299d0: 4f53 2061 730a 2020 2020 206d 6430 2e0a OS as. md0..\n-000299e0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7265 ... ...xnu_re\n-000299f0: 7375 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 sume... - Load a\n-00029a00: 6e20 696d 6167 6520 6f66 2068 6962 6572 n image of hiber\n-00029a10: 6e61 7465 6420 584e 552e 0a20 2020 e280 nated XNU.. ..\n-00029a20: a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f73 706c 6173 68e2 . ...xnu_splash.\n-00029a30: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 7370 6c61 .. - Load a spla\n-00029a40: 7368 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2058 4e55 sh image for XNU\n-00029a50: 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6368 ...* Menu:..* ch\n-00029a60: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 2020 2020 ainloader:: \n-00029a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6169 Chai\n-00029a80: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2062 n-load another b\n-00029a90: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2a 2069 6e69 oot loader.* ini\n-00029aa0: 7472 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 trd:: \n-00029ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 Load \n-00029ac0: 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 696e 6974 7264 0a2a a Linux initrd.*\n-00029ad0: 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a20 2020 2020 initrd16:: \n-00029ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n-00029af0: 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 696e 6974 oad a Linux init\n-00029b00: 7264 2028 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 6529 rd (16-bit mode)\n-00029b10: 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 .* linux:: \n-00029b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029b30: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 Load a Linux ke\n-00029b40: 726e 656c 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a3a rnel.* linux16::\n-00029b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029b60: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 Load a Linu\n-00029b70: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2028 3136 2d62 6974 x kernel (16-bit\n-00029b80: 206d 6f64 6529 0a2a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 mode).* xen_hyp\n-00029b90: 6572 7669 736f 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ervisor:: \n-00029ba0: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7865 6e20 Load xen \n-00029bb0: 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2062 696e 6172 hypervisor binar\n-00029bc0: 7920 286f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 y (only on AArch\n-00029bd0: 3634 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 64).* xen_module\n-00029be0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-00029bf0: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2078 656e 206d 6f64 Load xen mod\n-00029c00: 756c 6573 2066 6f72 2078 656e 2068 7970 ules for xen hyp\n-00029c10: 6572 7669 736f 7220 286f 6e6c 7920 6f6e ervisor (only on\n-00029c20: 2041 4172 6368 3634 290a 0a1f 0a46 696c AArch64)....Fil\n-00029c30: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00029c40: 6f64 653a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 ode: chainloader\n-00029c50: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e69 7472 642c , Next: initrd,\n-00029c60: 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d Up: Loader com\n-00029c70: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3120 6368 mands..17.2.1 ch\n-00029c80: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ainloader.------\n-00029c90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00029ca0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6861 696e - Command: chain\n-00029cb0: 6c6f 6164 6572 205b 2d2d 666f 7263 655d loader [--force]\n-00029cc0: 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 732e 2e2e 5d0a file [args...].\n-00029cd0: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2061 Load FILE a\n-00029ce0: 7320 6120 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6572 s a chain-loader\n-00029cf0: 2e20 204c 696b 6520 616e 7920 6f74 6865 . Like any othe\n-00029d00: 7220 6669 6c65 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 r file loaded by\n-00029d10: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 the. filesy\n-00029d20: 7374 656d 2063 6f64 652c 2069 7420 6361 stem code, it ca\n-00029d30: 6e20 7573 6520 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b6c n use the blockl\n-00029d40: 6973 7420 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e ist notation (*n\n-00029d50: 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 206c ote Block. l\n-00029d60: 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2920 746f ist syntax::) to\n-00029d70: 2067 7261 6220 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 grab the first \n-00029d80: 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 sector of the cu\n-00029d90: 7272 656e 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a rrent partition.\n-00029da0: 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 e280 982b 31e2 with ...+1.\n-00029db0: 8099 2e20 204f 6e20 4546 4920 706c 6174 ... On EFI plat\n-00029dc0: 666f 726d 732c 2061 6e79 2061 7267 756d forms, any argum\n-00029dd0: 656e 7473 2061 6674 6572 2046 494c 4520 ents after FILE \n-00029de0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6e74 0a20 2020 will be sent. \n-00029df0: 2020 746f 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 6420 to the loaded \n-00029e00: 696d 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 image... If \n-00029e10: 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 6520 you specify the \n-00029e20: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 666f 7263 option ...--forc\n-00029e30: 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 206c 6f61 6420 e..., then load \n-00029e40: 4649 4c45 2066 6f72 6369 626c 792c 0a20 FILE forcibly,. \n-00029e50: 2020 2020 7768 6574 6865 7220 6974 2068 whether it h\n-00029e60: 6173 2061 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2073 6967 as a correct sig\n-00029e70: 6e61 7475 7265 206f 7220 6e6f 742e 2020 nature or not. \n-00029e80: 5468 6973 2069 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 This is required\n-00029e90: 2077 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 2077 when. you w\n-00029ea0: 616e 7420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 ant to load a de\n-00029eb0: 6665 6374 6976 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 fective boot loa\n-00029ec0: 6465 722c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2053 434f der, such as SCO\n-00029ed0: 2055 6e69 7857 6172 6520 372e 312e 0a0a UnixWare 7.1...\n-00029ee0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00029ef0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 o, Node: initrd\n-00029f00: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 , Next: initrd1\n-00029f10: 362c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6, Prev: chainl\n-00029f20: 6f61 6465 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 oader, Up: Load\n-00029f30: 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e er commands..17.\n-00029f40: 322e 3220 696e 6974 7264 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2.2 initrd.-----\n-00029f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00029f60: 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6669 mmand: initrd fi\n-00029f70: 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 le [file ...]. \n-00029f80: 2020 204c 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 Load, in orde\n-00029f90: 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2066 r, all initrds f\n-00029fa0: 6f72 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 or a Linux kerne\n-00029fb0: 6c20 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 l image, and set\n-00029fc0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7072 6f70 the. approp\n-00029fd0: 7269 6174 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 riate parameters\n-00029fe0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 7365 in the Linux se\n-00029ff0: 7475 7020 6172 6561 2069 6e20 6d65 6d6f tup area in memo\n-0002a000: 7279 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 790a 2020 ry. This may. \n-0002a010: 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 only be used \n-0002a020: 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e after the ...lin\n-0002a030: 7578 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a ux... command (*\n-0002a040: 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2920 6861 note linux::) ha\n-0002a050: 7320 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7275 6e2e s been. run.\n-0002a060: 2020 5365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 474e 552f See *note GNU/\n-0002a070: 4c69 6e75 783a 3a20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 Linux:: for more\n-0002a080: 2069 6e66 6f20 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 info on booting\n-0002a090: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2e0a 2020 2020 GNU/Linux.. \n-0002a0a0: 2046 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d For more inform\n-0002a0b0: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2069 6e69 7472 6473 ation on initrds\n-0002a0c0: 2073 6565 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e see the GNU/Lin\n-0002a0d0: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 ux kernel. d\n-0002a0e0: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 ocumentation. \n-0002a0f0: 2020 2868 7474 7073 3a2f 2f64 6f63 732e (https://docs.\n-0002a100: 6b65 726e 656c 2e6f 7267 2f66 696c 6573 kernel.org/files\n-0002a110: 7973 7465 6d73 2f72 616d 6673 2d72 6f6f ystems/ramfs-roo\n-0002a120: 7466 732d 696e 6974 7261 6d66 732e 6874 tfs-initramfs.ht\n-0002a130: 6d6c 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 206e 6577 ml)... A new\n-0002a140: 2d73 7479 6c65 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2866 -style initrd (f\n-0002a150: 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206e 6577 6572 or kernels newer\n-0002a160: 2074 6861 6e20 322e 3629 2063 6f6e 7461 than 2.6) conta\n-0002a170: 696e 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 ining one file. \n-0002a180: 2020 2020 7769 7468 206c 6561 6469 6e67 with leading\n-0002a190: 2070 6174 6820 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 path components\n-0002a1a0: 2063 616e 2061 6c73 6f20 6265 2067 656e can also be gen\n-0002a1b0: 6572 6174 6564 2061 7420 7275 6e20 7469 erated at run ti\n-0002a1c0: 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6361 me.. This ca\n-0002a1d0: 6e20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 6279 2070 7265 n be done by pre\n-0002a1e0: 6669 7869 6e67 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 fixing an argume\n-0002a1f0: 6e74 2077 6974 6820 e280 986e 6577 633a nt with ...newc:\n-0002a200: e280 9920 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 790a ... followed by.\n-0002a210: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 6f66 the path of\n-0002a220: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 the file in the\n-0002a230: 206e 6577 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2061 20e2 new initrd, a .\n-0002a240: 8098 3ae2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 7468 656e ..:..., and then\n-0002a250: 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2066 the GRUB. f\n-0002a260: 696c 6520 7061 7468 2074 6f20 7468 6520 ile path to the \n-0002a270: 6669 6c65 2064 6174 6120 746f 2062 6520 file data to be \n-0002a280: 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 be included... \n-0002a290: 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a For example:.\n-0002a2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 initrd\n-0002a2b0: 206e 6577 633a 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f63 newc:/etc/ssh/c\n-0002a2c0: 6f6e 6669 673a 2868 6430 2c32 292f 686f onfig:(hd0,2)/ho\n-0002a2d0: 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 2e73 7368 2f63 6f6e me/user/.ssh/con\n-0002a2e0: 6669 6720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fig \\. \n-0002a2f0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6577 633a 2f65 7463 newc:/etc\n-0002a300: 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 /ssh/ssh_host_rs\n-0002a310: 615f 6b65 793a 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 a_key:/etc/ssh/s\n-0002a320: 7368 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 7920 sh_host_rsa_key \n-0002a330: 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n-0002a340: 2020 202f 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 642e /boot/initrd.\n-0002a350: 677a 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 gz \\. \n-0002a360: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 7763 3a2f 696e 6974 newc:/init\n-0002a370: 3a2f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 696e 6974 :/home/user/init\n-0002a380: 2e66 6978 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 .fixed.. Thi\n-0002a390: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2067 s command will g\n-0002a3a0: 656e 6572 6174 6520 7477 6f20 6e65 772d enerate two new-\n-0002a3b0: 7374 796c 6520 696e 6974 7264 7320 6f6e style initrds on\n-0002a3c0: 2074 6865 2066 6c79 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 the fly. The. \n-0002a3d0: 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 636f 6e74 6169 first contai\n-0002a3e0: 6e73 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 e280 982f ns the path .../\n-0002a3f0: 6574 632f 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 e280 etc/ssh/config..\n-0002a400: 9920 7769 7468 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 . with the conte\n-0002a410: 6e74 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 nts of. ...(\n-0002a420: 6864 302c 3229 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 hd0,2)/home/user\n-0002a430: 2f2e 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 /.ssh/config... \n-0002a440: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7061 7468 0a20 2020 and the path. \n-0002a450: 2020 e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 .../etc/ssh/ss\n-0002a460: 685f 686f 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 e280 h_host_rsa_key..\n-0002a470: 9920 7769 7468 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 . with the conte\n-0002a480: 6e74 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f nts of. .../\n-0002a490: 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 etc/ssh/ssh_host\n-0002a4a0: 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 e280 9920 6f6e 2074 _rsa_key... on t\n-0002a4b0: 6865 2052 4f4f 5420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 he ROOT device. \n-0002a4c0: 2050 6172 656e 7420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 Parent director\n-0002a4d0: 790a 2020 2020 2070 6174 6873 2077 696c y. paths wil\n-0002a4e0: 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 l automatically \n-0002a4f0: 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 7320 be generated as \n-0002a500: 6e65 6564 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6669 needed. This fi\n-0002a510: 7273 740a 2020 2020 2067 656e 6572 6174 rst. generat\n-0002a520: 6564 2069 6e69 7472 6420 7769 6c6c 2074 ed initrd will t\n-0002a530: 6865 6e20 6861 7665 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f hen have .../boo\n-0002a540: 742f 696e 6974 7264 2e67 7ae2 8099 2063 t/initrd.gz... c\n-0002a550: 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 7465 640a 2020 2020 oncatenated. \n-0002a560: 2061 6674 6572 2069 742e 2020 4e65 7874 after it. Next\n-0002a570: 2c20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6e65 772d 7374 , another new-st\n-0002a580: 796c 6520 6172 6368 6976 6520 7769 6c6c yle archive will\n-0002a590: 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 7769 be generated wi\n-0002a5a0: 7468 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f 6e74 th. the cont\n-0002a5b0: 656e 7473 206f 6620 e280 982f 686f 6d65 ents of .../home\n-0002a5c0: 2f75 7365 722f 696e 6974 2e66 6978 6564 /user/init.fixed\n-0002a5d0: e280 9920 696e 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 ... in the path \n-0002a5e0: e280 982f 696e 6974 e280 9920 616e 640a .../init... and.\n-0002a5f0: 2020 2020 2061 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f appended to\n-0002a600: 2074 6865 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 636f the previous co\n-0002a610: 6e63 6174 656e 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4669 ncatenation. Fi\n-0002a620: 6e61 6c6c 792c 2074 6865 2072 6573 756c nally, the resul\n-0002a630: 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2073 t will. be s\n-0002a640: 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 ent to the kerne\n-0002a650: 6c20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7465 642e 0a0a l when booted...\n-0002a660: 2020 2020 204b 6565 7020 696e 206d 696e Keep in min\n-0002a670: 6420 7468 6174 2070 6174 6873 2074 6861 d that paths tha\n-0002a680: 7420 636f 6d65 206c 6174 6572 2077 696c t come later wil\n-0002a690: 6c20 7461 6b65 2070 7265 6365 6465 6e63 l take precedenc\n-0002a6a0: 652e 2020 536f 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 e. So. in t\n-0002a6b0: 6865 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2061 626f 7665 he example above\n-0002a6c0: 2c20 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 , the generated \n-0002a6d0: 7061 7468 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 path .../init...\n-0002a6e0: 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 7772 6974 6520 will overwrite \n-0002a6f0: 616e 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 any. .../ini\n-0002a700: 74e2 8099 2069 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 t... in .../boot\n-0002a710: 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a e280 992e 2020 /initrd.gz.... \n-0002a720: 5468 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6566 This can be usef\n-0002a730: 756c 2077 6865 6e20 6368 616e 6769 6e67 ul when changing\n-0002a740: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 696e 2069 the. main i\n-0002a750: 6e69 7472 6420 6973 2075 6e64 6573 6972 nitrd is undesir\n-0002a760: 6162 6c65 206f 7220 6469 6666 6963 756c able or difficul\n-0002a770: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n-0002a780: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e .info, Node: in\n-0002a790: 6974 7264 3136 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c itrd16, Next: l\n-0002a7a0: 696e 7578 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e69 inux, Prev: ini\n-0002a7b0: 7472 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 trd, Up: Loader\n-0002a7c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e commands..17.2.\n-0002a7d0: 3320 696e 6974 7264 3136 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 3 initrd16.-----\n-0002a7e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002a7f0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 Command: initrd1\n-0002a800: 3620 6669 6c65 205b 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 6 file [file ...\n-0002a810: 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 ]. Load, in \n-0002a820: 6f72 6465 722c 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 7472 order, all initr\n-0002a830: 6473 2066 6f72 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b ds for a Linux k\n-0002a840: 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 746f 2062 ernel image to b\n-0002a850: 6520 626f 6f74 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e e booted. in\n-0002a860: 2031 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 2c20 616e 16-bit mode, an\n-0002a870: 6420 7365 7420 7468 6520 6170 7072 6f70 d set the approp\n-0002a880: 7269 6174 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 riate parameters\n-0002a890: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 780a 2020 in the Linux. \n-0002a8a0: 2020 2073 6574 7570 2061 7265 6120 696e setup area in\n-0002a8b0: 206d 656d 6f72 792e 2020 5468 6973 206d memory. This m\n-0002a8c0: 6179 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 ay only be used \n-0002a8d0: 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e after the ...lin\n-0002a8e0: 7578 3136 e280 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d ux16.... com\n-0002a8f0: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 mand (*note linu\n-0002a900: 7831 363a 3a29 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 x16::) has been \n-0002a910: 7275 6e2e 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a run. See also *\n-0002a920: 6e6f 7465 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a note GNU/Linux::\n-0002a930: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 e280 . and the ..\n-0002a940: 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 .initrd... comma\n-0002a950: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 nd (*note initrd\n-0002a960: 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 ::) for more det\n-0002a970: 6169 6c73 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 7267 ails on. arg\n-0002a980: 756d 656e 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 uments... Th\n-0002a990: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e is command is on\n-0002a9a0: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 ly available on \n-0002a9b0: 7468 6520 7063 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 the pc platform \n-0002a9c0: 666f 7220 7838 3620 7379 7374 656d 732e for x86 systems.\n-0002a9d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002a9e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 6e75 nfo, Node: linu\n-0002a9f0: 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 x, Next: linux1\n-0002aa00: 362c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 696e 6974 7264 6, Prev: initrd\n-0002aa10: 3136 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 16, Up: Loader \n-0002aa20: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e34 commands..17.2.4\n-0002aa30: 206c 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d linux.---------\n-0002aa40: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002aa50: 3a20 6c69 6e75 7820 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e : linux file ...\n-0002aa60: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e . Load a Lin\n-0002aa70: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 ux kernel image \n-0002aa80: 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 from FILE. The \n-0002aa90: 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 rest of the line\n-0002aaa0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 is. passed \n-0002aab0: 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 verbatim as the \n-0002aac0: e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e ...kernel comman\n-0002aad0: 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 d-line.... Any \n-0002aae0: 696e 6974 7264 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 initrd must be. \n-0002aaf0: 2020 2020 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 reloaded aft\n-0002ab00: 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f er using this co\n-0002ab10: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 mmand (*note ini\n-0002ab20: 7472 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e trd::)... On\n-0002ab30: 2078 3836 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 x86 systems, th\n-0002ab40: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 e kernel will be\n-0002ab50: 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 booted using th\n-0002ab60: 6520 3332 2d62 6974 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 e 32-bit boot. \n-0002ab70: 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4e6f protocol. No\n-0002ab80: 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 206d 6561 te that this mea\n-0002ab90: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 e280 9876 ns that the ...v\n-0002aba0: 6761 3de2 8099 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 ga=... boot opti\n-0002abb0: 6f6e 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 on will. not\n-0002abc0: 2077 6f72 6b3b 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 work; if you wa\n-0002abd0: 6e74 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 7370 6563 nt to set a spec\n-0002abe0: 6961 6c20 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2c20 ial video mode, \n-0002abf0: 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f you will need to\n-0002ac00: 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6520 4752 5542 2063 . use GRUB c\n-0002ac10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 ommands such as \n-0002ac20: e280 9873 6574 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 ...set gfxpayloa\n-0002ac30: 643d 3130 3234 7837 3638 e280 9920 6f72 d=1024x768... or\n-0002ac40: 20e2 8098 7365 740a 2020 2020 2067 6678 ...set. gfx\n-0002ac50: 7061 796c 6f61 643d 6b65 6570 e280 9920 payload=keep... \n-0002ac60: 2874 6f20 6b65 6570 2074 6865 2073 616d (to keep the sam\n-0002ac70: 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 7573 6564 2069 e mode as used i\n-0002ac80: 6e20 4752 5542 2920 696e 7374 6561 642e n GRUB) instead.\n-0002ac90: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e 2061 . GRUB can a\n-0002aca0: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 utomatically det\n-0002acb0: 6563 7420 736f 6d65 2075 7365 7320 6f66 ect some uses of\n-0002acc0: 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 616e 6420 ...vga=... and \n-0002acd0: 7472 616e 736c 6174 650a 2020 2020 2074 translate. t\n-0002ace0: 6865 6d20 746f 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 hem to appropria\n-0002acf0: 7465 2073 6574 7469 6e67 7320 6f66 20e2 te settings of .\n-0002ad00: 8098 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 e280 992e ..gfxpayload....\n-0002ad10: 2020 5468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 3136 The ...linux16\n-0002ad20: e280 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 .... command\n-0002ad30: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 363a (*note linux16:\n-0002ad40: 3a29 2061 766f 6964 7320 7468 6973 2072 :) avoids this r\n-0002ad50: 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 estriction.....F\n-0002ad60: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002ad70: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 Node: linux16, \n-0002ad80: 204e 6578 743a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 Next: xen_hyper\n-0002ad90: 7669 736f 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 visor, Prev: li\n-0002ada0: 6e75 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 nux, Up: Loader\n-0002adb0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e commands..17.2.\n-0002adc0: 3520 6c69 6e75 7831 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 5 linux16.------\n-0002add0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002ade0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2066 mmand: linux16 f\n-0002adf0: 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 ile .... Loa\n-0002ae00: 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c d a Linux kernel\n-0002ae10: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 image from FILE\n-0002ae20: 2069 6e20 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 652e in 16-bit mode.\n-0002ae30: 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 660a 2020 The rest of. \n-0002ae40: 2020 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 2070 the line is p\n-0002ae50: 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 assed verbatim a\n-0002ae60: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 s the ...kernel \n-0002ae70: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e command-line....\n-0002ae80: 2020 416e 790a 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 Any. initr\n-0002ae90: 6420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7265 6c6f 6164 d must be reload\n-0002aea0: 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 ed after using t\n-0002aeb0: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f his command (*no\n-0002aec0: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 3136 te. initrd16\n-0002aed0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206b ::)... The k\n-0002aee0: 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 626f ernel will be bo\n-0002aef0: 6f74 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2074 oted using the t\n-0002af00: 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2031 362d 6269 raditional 16-bi\n-0002af10: 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f74 t boot. prot\n-0002af20: 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2041 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 ocol. As well a\n-0002af30: 7320 6279 7061 7373 696e 6720 7072 6f62 s bypassing prob\n-0002af40: 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 6820 e280 9876 6761 lems with ...vga\n-0002af50: 3de2 8099 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 =... described i\n-0002af60: 6e0a 2020 2020 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e n. *note lin\n-0002af70: 7578 3a3a 2c20 7468 6973 2070 6572 6d69 ux::, this permi\n-0002af80: 7473 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d 6520 ts booting some \n-0002af90: 6f74 6865 7220 7072 6f67 7261 6d73 2074 other programs t\n-0002afa0: 6861 740a 2020 2020 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 hat. impleme\n-0002afb0: 6e74 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 2062 6f6f nt the Linux boo\n-0002afc0: 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2066 6f72 2074 t protocol for t\n-0002afd0: 6865 2073 616b 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 7665 he sake of conve\n-0002afe0: 6e69 656e 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 nience... Th\n-0002aff0: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e is command is on\n-0002b000: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 ly available on \n-0002b010: 7838 3620 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a x86 systems.....\n-0002b020: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002b030: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 Node: xen_hype\n-0002b040: 7276 6973 6f72 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2078 rvisor, Next: x\n-0002b050: 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5072 6576 en_module, Prev\n-0002b060: 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 362c 2020 5570 3a20 : linux16, Up: \n-0002b070: 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a Loader commands.\n-0002b080: 0a31 372e 322e 3620 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 .17.2.6 xen_hype\n-0002b090: 7276 6973 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rvisor.---------\n-0002b0a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002b0b0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2078 656e 5f68 - Command: xen_h\n-0002b0c0: 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 6669 6c65 205b ypervisor file [\n-0002b0d0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 202e 2e2e 0a20 arguments] .... \n-0002b0e0: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 2058 656e 2068 Load a Xen h\n-0002b0f0: 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 6269 6e61 7279 ypervisor binary\n-0002b100: 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 from FILE. The\n-0002b110: 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e rest of the lin\n-0002b120: 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 e is. passed\n-0002b130: 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 verbatim as the\n-0002b140: 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 ...kernel comma\n-0002b150: 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 nd-line.... Any\n-0002b160: 206f 7468 6572 2062 696e 6172 6965 730a other binaries.\n-0002b170: 2020 2020 206d 7573 7420 6265 2072 656c must be rel\n-0002b180: 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e oaded after usin\n-0002b190: 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 g this command. \n-0002b1a0: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 This command is\n-0002b1b0: 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c only. avail\n-0002b1c0: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3420 able on AArch64 \n-0002b1d0: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 systems.....File\n-0002b1e0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002b1f0: 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 de: xen_module, \n-0002b200: 2050 7265 763a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 Prev: xen_hyper\n-0002b210: 7669 736f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 visor, Up: Load\n-0002b220: 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e er commands..17.\n-0002b230: 322e 3720 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 2.7 xen_module.-\n-0002b240: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002b250: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2078 .. -- Command: x\n-0002b260: 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 6520 5b2d 2d6e 6f75 en_module [--nou\n-0002b270: 6e7a 6970 5d20 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 nzip] file [argu\n-0002b280: 6d65 6e74 735d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 ments]. Load\n-0002b290: 2061 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 7865 a module for xe\n-0002b2a0: 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2061 7420 n hypervisor at \n-0002b2b0: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7072 6f63 the booting proc\n-0002b2c0: 6573 7320 6f66 2078 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 ess of xen.. \n-0002b2d0: 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 The rest of the\n-0002b2e0: 206c 696e 6520 6973 2070 6173 7365 6420 line is passed \n-0002b2f0: 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 verbatim as the \n-0002b300: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c module command l\n-0002b310: 696e 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 6475 6c65 ine.. Module\n-0002b320: 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 s should be load\n-0002b330: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ed in the follow\n-0002b340: 696e 6720 6f72 6465 723a 202d 2064 6f6d ing order: - dom\n-0002b350: 3020 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 696d 0 kernel. im\n-0002b360: 6167 6520 2d20 646f 6d30 2072 616d 6469 age - dom0 ramdi\n-0002b370: 736b 2069 6620 7072 6573 656e 7420 2d20 sk if present - \n-0002b380: 5853 4d20 706f 6c69 6379 2069 6620 7072 XSM policy if pr\n-0002b390: 6573 656e 7420 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 esent This. \n-0002b3a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 command is only \n-0002b3b0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2041 4172 available on AAr\n-0002b3c0: 6368 3634 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f ch64 systems....\n-0002b3d0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002b3e0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 656e 6572 616c , Node: General\n-0002b3f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 commands, Next\n-0002b400: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002b410: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ommands, Prev: \n-0002b420: 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c Loader commands,\n-0002b430: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a Up: Commands..\n-0002b440: 3137 2e33 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 17.3 General com\n-0002b450: 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d mands.==========\n-0002b460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 6f6d ===========..Com\n-0002b470: 6d61 6e64 7320 7573 6162 6c65 2061 6e79 mands usable any\n-0002b480: 7768 6572 6520 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e where in the men\n-0002b490: 7520 616e 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d u and in the com\n-0002b4a0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 mand-line...* Me\n-0002b4b0: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 3a20 nu:..* serial:: \n-0002b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002b4d0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2075 7020 6120 7365 Set up a se\n-0002b4e0: 7269 616c 2064 6576 6963 650a 2a20 7465 rial device.* te\n-0002b4f0: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a 2020 rminal_input:: \n-0002b500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d61 6e61 Mana\n-0002b510: 6765 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ge input termina\n-0002b520: 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 ls.* terminal_ou\n-0002b530: 7470 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tput:: \n-0002b540: 2020 204d 616e 6167 6520 6f75 7470 7574 Manage output\n-0002b550: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 terminals.* ter\n-0002b560: 6d69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 minfo:: \n-0002b570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e Defin\n-0002b580: 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 650a e terminal type.\n-0002b590: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002b5a0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6572 6961 fo, Node: seria\n-0002b5b0: 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 726d 696e l, Next: termin\n-0002b5c0: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 al_input, Up: G\n-0002b5d0: 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a eneral commands.\n-0002b5e0: 0a31 372e 332e 3120 7365 7269 616c 0a2d .17.3.1 serial.-\n-0002b5f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002b600: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6572 6961 - Command: seria\n-0002b610: 6c20 5b2d 2d75 6e69 743d 756e 6974 5d20 l [--unit=unit] \n-0002b620: 5b2d 2d70 6f72 743d 706f 7274 5d20 5b2d [--port=port] [-\n-0002b630: 2d73 7065 6564 3d73 7065 6564 5d0a 2020 -speed=speed]. \n-0002b640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d77 6f72 643d [--word=\n-0002b650: 776f 7264 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6172 6974 793d word] [--parity=\n-0002b660: 7061 7269 7479 5d20 5b2d 2d73 746f 703d parity] [--stop=\n-0002b670: 7374 6f70 5d0a 2020 2020 2049 6e69 7469 stop]. Initi\n-0002b680: 616c 697a 6520 6120 7365 7269 616c 2064 alize a serial d\n-0002b690: 6576 6963 652e 2020 554e 4954 2069 7320 evice. UNIT is \n-0002b6a0: 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6e20 7468 6520 a number in the \n-0002b6b0: 7261 6e67 6520 302d 330a 2020 2020 2073 range 0-3. s\n-0002b6c0: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7768 6963 6820 pecifying which \n-0002b6d0: 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 746f 2075 serial port to u\n-0002b6e0: 7365 3b20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2030 se; default is 0\n-0002b6f0: 2c20 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 , which. cor\n-0002b700: 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 7468 6520 responds to the \n-0002b710: 706f 7274 206f 6674 656e 2063 616c 6c65 port often calle\n-0002b720: 6420 434f 4d31 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 504f d COM1... PO\n-0002b730: 5254 2069 7320 7468 6520 492f 4f20 706f RT is the I/O po\n-0002b740: 7274 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2055 4152 rt where the UAR\n-0002b750: 5420 6973 2074 6f20 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 T is to be found\n-0002b760: 206f 722c 2069 6620 7072 6566 6978 6564 or, if prefixed\n-0002b770: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 20e2 8098 6d6d . with ...mm\n-0002b780: 696f 2ce2 8099 2c20 7468 6520 4d4d 494f io,..., the MMIO\n-0002b790: 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 address of the \n-0002b7a0: 5541 5254 2e20 4966 2073 7065 6369 6669 UART. If specifi\n-0002b7b0: 6564 2069 7420 7461 6b65 730a 2020 2020 ed it takes. \n-0002b7c0: 2070 7265 6365 6465 6e63 6520 6f76 6572 precedence over\n-0002b7d0: 2055 4e49 542e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 UNIT... Add\n-0002b7e0: 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2061 6e20 4d4d itionally, an MM\n-0002b7f0: 494f 2061 6464 7265 7373 2063 616e 2062 IO address can b\n-0002b800: 6520 7375 6666 6978 6564 2077 6974 683a e suffixed with:\n-0002b810: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 . ... ...\n-0002b820: 2e62 e280 9920 666f 7220 6279 7465 7320 .b... for bytes \n-0002b830: 6163 6365 7373 2028 6465 6661 756c 7429 access (default)\n-0002b840: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 . ... ...\n-0002b850: 2e77 e280 9920 666f 7220 3136 2d62 6974 .w... for 16-bit\n-0002b860: 2077 6f72 6420 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 word access. \n-0002b870: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e6c e280 ... ....l..\n-0002b880: 9920 666f 7220 3332 2d62 6974 206c 6f6e . for 32-bit lon\n-0002b890: 6720 776f 7264 2061 6363 6573 7320 6f72 g word access or\n-0002b8a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 . ... ...\n-0002b8b0: 2e71 e280 9920 666f 7220 3634 2d62 6974 .q... for 64-bit\n-0002b8c0: 206c 6f6e 6720 6c6f 6e67 2077 6f72 6420 long long word \n-0002b8d0: 6163 6365 7373 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 access.. Als\n-0002b8e0: 6f2c 2050 4f52 5420 6361 6e20 6265 206f o, PORT can be o\n-0002b8f0: 6620 7468 6520 666f 726d 20e2 8098 7063 f the form ...pc\n-0002b900: 692c 5858 3a58 582e 58e2 8099 2074 6f20 i,XX:XX.X... to \n-0002b910: 696e 6469 6361 7465 2061 2073 6572 6961 indicate a seria\n-0002b920: 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 6520 6578 l. device ex\n-0002b930: 706f 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2050 4349 posed on the PCI\n-0002b940: 2062 7573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5350 4545 bus... SPEE\n-0002b950: 4420 6973 2074 6865 2074 7261 6e73 6d69 D is the transmi\n-0002b960: 7373 696f 6e20 7370 6565 643b 2064 6566 ssion speed; def\n-0002b970: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 3936 3030 2e20 2057 ault is 9600. W\n-0002b980: 4f52 4420 616e 6420 5354 4f50 0a20 2020 ORD and STOP. \n-0002b990: 2020 6172 6520 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 are the number\n-0002b9a0: 206f 6620 6461 7461 2062 6974 7320 616e of data bits an\n-0002b9b0: 6420 7374 6f70 2062 6974 732e 2020 4461 d stop bits. Da\n-0002b9c0: 7461 2062 6974 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 ta bits must be \n-0002b9d0: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7261 6e67 in. the rang\n-0002b9e0: 6520 352d 3820 616e 6420 7374 6f70 2062 e 5-8 and stop b\n-0002b9f0: 6974 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 3120 6f72 its must be 1 or\n-0002ba00: 2032 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2. Default is \n-0002ba10: 3820 6461 7461 2062 6974 730a 2020 2020 8 data bits. \n-0002ba20: 2061 6e64 206f 6e65 2073 746f 7020 6269 and one stop bi\n-0002ba30: 742e 2020 5041 5249 5459 2069 7320 6f6e t. PARITY is on\n-0002ba40: 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 6e6f e280 992c 20e2 e of ...no..., .\n-0002ba50: 8098 6f64 64e2 8099 2c20 e280 9865 7665 ..odd..., ...eve\n-0002ba60: 6ee2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6465 n... and. de\n-0002ba70: 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 e280 986e 6fe2 faults to ...no.\n-0002ba80: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2070 6173 ..... If pas\n-0002ba90: 7365 6420 6e6f 2055 4e49 5420 6e6f 7220 sed no UNIT nor \n-0002baa0: 504f 5254 2c20 6f72 2069 6620 504f 5254 PORT, or if PORT\n-0002bab0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6175 is set to ...au\n-0002bac0: 746f e280 9920 7468 656e 2047 5255 420a to... then GRUB.\n-0002bad0: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6174 7465 6d70 will attemp\n-0002bae0: 7420 746f 2075 7365 2041 4350 4920 746f t to use ACPI to\n-0002baf0: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 automatically d\n-0002bb00: 6574 6563 7420 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d etect the system\n-0002bb10: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 7365 default. se\n-0002bb20: 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 616e 6420 6974 rial port and it\n-0002bb30: 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2e s configuration.\n-0002bb40: 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 696e 666f 726d If this inform\n-0002bb50: 6174 696f 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 ation is not. \n-0002bb60: 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652c 2069 7420 available, it \n-0002bb70: 7769 6c6c 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2074 6f20 will default to \n-0002bb80: 554e 4954 2030 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 UNIT 0... Th\n-0002bb90: 6520 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 6973 e serial port is\n-0002bba0: 206e 6f74 2075 7365 6420 6173 2061 2063 not used as a c\n-0002bbb0: 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 2063 6861 ommunication cha\n-0002bbc0: 6e6e 656c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 650a nnel unless the.\n-0002bbd0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c ...terminal\n-0002bbe0: 5f69 6e70 7574 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 _input... or ...\n-0002bbf0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 terminal_output.\n-0002bc00: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7573 .. command is us\n-0002bc10: 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 ed (*note. t\n-0002bc20: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 743a 3a2c erminal_input::,\n-0002bc30: 202a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f *note terminal_\n-0002bc40: 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 output::)... \n-0002bc50: 204e 6f74 652c 2076 616c 6964 2050 4f52 Note, valid POR\n-0002bc60: 5420 7661 6c75 6573 2c20 6578 636c 7564 T values, exclud\n-0002bc70: 696e 6720 494f 2070 6f72 7420 6164 6472 ing IO port addr\n-0002bc80: 6573 7365 732c 2063 616e 2062 6520 666f esses, can be fo\n-0002bc90: 756e 640a 2020 2020 2062 7920 6c69 7374 und. by list\n-0002bca0: 696e 6720 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 7769 ing terminals wi\n-0002bcb0: 7468 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f th ...terminal_o\n-0002bcc0: 7574 7075 74e2 8099 2c20 7365 6c65 6374 utput..., select\n-0002bcd0: 696e 6720 616c 6c20 6e61 6d65 730a 2020 ing all names. \n-0002bce0: 2020 2070 7265 6669 7865 6420 6279 20e2 prefixed by .\n-0002bcf0: 8098 7365 7269 616c 5fe2 8099 2061 6e64 ..serial_... and\n-0002bd00: 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 7468 6174 2070 removing that p\n-0002bd10: 7265 6669 782e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7861 refix... Exa\n-0002bd20: 6d70 6c65 733a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 mples:. \n-0002bd30: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 3d30 serial --port=0\n-0002bd40: 7833 6638 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d39 3630 x3f8 --speed=960\n-0002bd50: 300a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 0. seri\n-0002bd60: 616c 202d 2d70 6f72 743d 6d6d 696f 2c66 al --port=mmio,f\n-0002bd70: 6566 6230 3030 302e 6c20 2d2d 7370 6565 efb0000.l --spee\n-0002bd80: 643d 3131 3532 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 d=115200. \n-0002bd90: 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 serial --port\n-0002bda0: 3d70 6369 2c30 303a 3136 2e33 202d 2d73 =pci,00:16.3 --s\n-0002bdb0: 7065 6564 3d31 3135 3230 300a 0a20 2020 peed=115200.. \n-0002bdc0: 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 See also *note\n-0002bdd0: 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c Serial terminal\n-0002bde0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n-0002bdf0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 b.info, Node: t\n-0002be00: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 erminal_input, \n-0002be10: 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f Next: terminal_o\n-0002be20: 7574 7075 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 utput, Prev: se\n-0002be30: 7269 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 rial, Up: Gener\n-0002be40: 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e al commands..17.\n-0002be50: 332e 3220 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 3.2 terminal_inp\n-0002be60: 7574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ut.-------------\n-0002be70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002be80: 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f mmand: terminal_\n-0002be90: 696e 7075 7420 5b2d 2d61 7070 656e 647c input [--append|\n-0002bea0: 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 --remove] [termi\n-0002beb0: 6e61 6c31 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c32 nal1] [terminal2\n-0002bec0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a ]. ....\n-0002bed0: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f72 2073 656c List or sel\n-0002bee0: 6563 7420 616e 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 ect an input ter\n-0002bef0: 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 minal... Wit\n-0002bf00: 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 h no arguments, \n-0002bf10: 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 list the active \n-0002bf20: 616e 6420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e and available in\n-0002bf30: 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 732e 0a0a put terminals...\n-0002bf40: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d61 With ...--a\n-0002bf50: 7070 656e 64e2 8099 2c20 6164 6420 7468 ppend..., add th\n-0002bf60: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c e named terminal\n-0002bf70: 7320 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 s to the list of\n-0002bf80: 2061 6374 6976 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e70 active. inp\n-0002bf90: 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 3b20 616e ut terminals; an\n-0002bfa0: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 7365 206d 6179 2062 y of these may b\n-0002bfb0: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 e used to provid\n-0002bfc0: 6520 696e 7075 7420 746f 2047 5255 422e e input to GRUB.\n-0002bfd0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d .. With ...-\n-0002bfe0: 2d72 656d 6f76 65e2 8099 2c20 7265 6d6f -remove..., remo\n-0002bff0: 7665 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 ve the named ter\n-0002c000: 6d69 6e61 6c73 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 minals from the \n-0002c010: 6163 7469 7665 206c 6973 742e 0a0a 2020 active list... \n-0002c020: 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 206f 7074 696f With no optio\n-0002c030: 6e73 2062 7574 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 ns but a list of\n-0002c040: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 732c terminal names,\n-0002c050: 206d 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 206c make only the l\n-0002c060: 6973 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 isted. termi\n-0002c070: 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 7320 6163 7469 7665 nal names active\n-0002c080: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002c090: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 info, Node: ter\n-0002c0a0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 204e minal_output, N\n-0002c0b0: 6578 743a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2c 2020 ext: terminfo, \n-0002c0c0: 5072 6576 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 Prev: terminal_i\n-0002c0d0: 6e70 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 nput, Up: Gener\n-0002c0e0: 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e al commands..17.\n-0002c0f0: 332e 3320 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 3.3 terminal_out\n-0002c100: 7075 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d put.------------\n-0002c110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002c120: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 Command: termina\n-0002c130: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 205b 2d2d 6170 7065 l_output [--appe\n-0002c140: 6e64 7c2d 2d72 656d 6f76 655d 205b 7465 nd|--remove] [te\n-0002c150: 726d 696e 616c 315d 205b 7465 726d 696e rminal1] [termin\n-0002c160: 616c 325d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e al2]. .\n-0002c170: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 7220 ... List or \n-0002c180: 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e20 6f75 7470 7574 select an output\n-0002c190: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 terminal... \n-0002c1a0: 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e With no argumen\n-0002c1b0: 7473 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2061 6374 ts, list the act\n-0002c1c0: 6976 6520 616e 6420 6176 6169 6c61 626c ive and availabl\n-0002c1d0: 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 e output termina\n-0002c1e0: 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 ls... With .\n-0002c1f0: 8098 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 e280 992c 2061 ..--append..., a\n-0002c200: 6464 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 dd the named ter\n-0002c210: 6d69 6e61 6c73 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 minals to the li\n-0002c220: 7374 206f 6620 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 st of active. \n-0002c230: 2020 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 output termina\n-0002c240: 6c73 3b20 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 7365 ls; all of these\n-0002c250: 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6365 6976 6520 6f75 will receive ou\n-0002c260: 7470 7574 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2e0a tput from GRUB..\n-0002c270: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d . With ...--\n-0002c280: 7265 6d6f 7665 e280 992c 2072 656d 6f76 remove..., remov\n-0002c290: 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d e the named term\n-0002c2a0: 696e 616c 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2061 inals from the a\n-0002c2b0: 6374 6976 6520 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 ctive list... \n-0002c2c0: 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e With no option\n-0002c2d0: 7320 6275 7420 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 s but a list of \n-0002c2e0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 2c20 terminal names, \n-0002c2f0: 6d61 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 6c69 make only the li\n-0002c300: 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e sted. termin\n-0002c310: 616c 206e 616d 6573 2061 6374 6976 652e al names active.\n-0002c320: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002c330: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d nfo, Node: term\n-0002c340: 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 6572 info, Prev: ter\n-0002c350: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 2055 minal_output, U\n-0002c360: 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 p: General comma\n-0002c370: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3420 7465 726d nds..17.3.4 term\n-0002c380: 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d info.-----------\n-0002c390: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002c3a0: 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 5b2d 617c d: terminfo [-a|\n-0002c3b0: 2d75 7c2d 765d 205b 2d67 2057 7848 5d20 -u|-v] [-g WxH] \n-0002c3c0: 5b74 6572 6d5d 205b 7479 7065 5d0a 2020 [term] [type]. \n-0002c3d0: 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 7468 6520 6361 Define the ca\n-0002c3e0: 7061 6269 6c69 7469 6573 206f 6620 796f pabilities of yo\n-0002c3f0: 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6279 2067 ur terminal by g\n-0002c400: 6976 696e 6720 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f iving the name o\n-0002c410: 6620 616e 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 7920 f an. entry \n-0002c420: 696e 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 in the terminfo \n-0002c430: 6461 7461 6261 7365 2c20 7768 6963 6820 database, which \n-0002c440: 7368 6f75 6c64 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e should correspon\n-0002c450: 6420 726f 7567 686c 7920 746f 0a20 2020 d roughly to. \n-0002c460: 2020 6120 e280 9854 4552 4de2 8099 2065 a ...TERM... e\n-0002c470: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-0002c480: 626c 6520 696e 2055 6e69 782e 0a0a 2020 ble in Unix... \n-0002c490: 2020 2054 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 The currently\n-0002c4a0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6572 6d69 available termi\n-0002c4b0: 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 7320 6172 6520 e280 nal types are ..\n-0002c4c0: 9876 7431 3030 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7674 .vt100..., ...vt\n-0002c4d0: 3130 302d 636f 6c6f 72e2 8099 2c0a 2020 100-color...,. \n-0002c4e0: 2020 20e2 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 e280 ...ieee1275..\n-0002c4f0: 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6475 6d62 e280 ., and ...dumb..\n-0002c500: 992e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 .. If you need \n-0002c510: 6f74 6865 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 other terminal t\n-0002c520: 7970 6573 2c20 706c 6561 7365 0a20 2020 ypes, please. \n-0002c530: 2020 636f 6e74 6163 7420 7573 2074 6f20 contact us to \n-0002c540: 6469 7363 7573 7320 7468 6520 6265 7374 discuss the best\n-0002c550: 2077 6179 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 way to include \n-0002c560: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 7220 7468 6573 support for thes\n-0002c570: 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2e0a e in. GRUB..\n-0002c580: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 61e2 . The ...-a.\n-0002c590: 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d61 7363 6969 e280 .. (...--ascii..\n-0002c5a0: 9929 2c20 e280 982d 75e2 8099 2028 e280 .), ...-u... (..\n-0002c5b0: 982d 2d75 7466 38e2 8099 292c 2061 6e64 .--utf8...), and\n-0002c5c0: 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d ...-v... (...--\n-0002c5d0: 7669 7375 616c 2d75 7466 38e2 8099 290a visual-utf8...).\n-0002c5e0: 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2063 6f6e options con\n-0002c5f0: 7472 6f6c 2068 6f77 206e 6f6e 2d41 5343 trol how non-ASC\n-0002c600: 4949 2074 6578 7420 6973 2064 6973 706c II text is displ\n-0002c610: 6179 6564 2e20 20e2 8098 2d61 e280 9920 ayed. ...-a... \n-0002c620: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 616e 0a20 2020 specifies an. \n-0002c630: 2020 4153 4349 492d 6f6e 6c79 2074 6572 ASCII-only ter\n-0002c640: 6d69 6e61 6c3b 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 minal; ...-u... \n-0002c650: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 6c6f 6769 6361 specifies logica\n-0002c660: 6c6c 792d 6f72 6465 7265 6420 5554 462d lly-ordered UTF-\n-0002c670: 383b 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 8; and. ...-\n-0002c680: 76e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2022 v... specifies \"\n-0002c690: 7669 7375 616c 6c79 2d6f 7264 6572 6564 visually-ordered\n-0002c6a0: 2055 5446 2d38 2220 2869 6e20 6f74 6865 UTF-8\" (in othe\n-0002c6b0: 7220 776f 7264 732c 2061 7272 616e 6765 r words, arrange\n-0002c6c0: 640a 2020 2020 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 d. such that\n-0002c6d0: 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c a terminal emul\n-0002c6e0: 6174 6f72 2077 6974 686f 7574 2062 6964 ator without bid\n-0002c6f0: 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6578 7420 irectional text \n-0002c700: 7375 7070 6f72 740a 2020 2020 2077 696c support. wil\n-0002c710: 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7269 6768 742d l display right-\n-0002c720: 746f 2d6c 6566 7420 7465 7874 2069 6e20 to-left text in \n-0002c730: 7468 6520 7072 6f70 6572 206f 7264 6572 the proper order\n-0002c740: 3b20 7468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 ; this is not. \n-0002c750: 2020 2072 6561 6c6c 7920 7072 6f70 6572 really proper\n-0002c760: 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 6275 7420 6120 776f UTF-8, but a wo\n-0002c770: 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 rkaround)... \n-0002c780: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d67 e280 9920 28e2 The ...-g... (.\n-0002c790: 8098 2d2d 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 e280 9929 ..--geometry...)\n-0002c7a0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n-0002c7b0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 7465 726d 696e 616c specify terminal\n-0002c7c0: 2067 656f 6d65 7472 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 geometry... \n-0002c7d0: 2049 6620 6e6f 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f72 If no option or\n-0002c7e0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 2069 terminal type i\n-0002c7f0: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 s specified, the\n-0002c800: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 current termina\n-0002c810: 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 7970 6520 6973 2070 l. type is p\n-0002c820: 7269 6e74 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a rinted.....File:\n-0002c830: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002c840: 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 e: Command-line \n-0002c850: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a commands, Next:\n-0002c860: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n-0002c870: 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 656e ands, Prev: Gen\n-0002c880: 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 eral commands, \n-0002c890: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 Up: Commands..17\n-0002c8a0: 2e34 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 .4 Command-line \n-0002c8b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d commands.=======\n-0002c8c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0002c8d0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 ===..These comma\n-0002c8e0: 6e64 7320 6172 6520 7573 6162 6c65 2069 nds are usable i\n-0002c8f0: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 n the command-li\n-0002c900: 6e65 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 6d65 6e75 2065 ne and in menu e\n-0002c910: 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 2049 660a 796f 7520 ntries. If.you \n-0002c920: 666f 7267 6574 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 forget a command\n-0002c930: 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7275 6e20 7468 , you can run th\n-0002c940: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 656c e command ...hel\n-0002c950: 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6865 6c70 p... (*note help\n-0002c960: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ::)...* Menu:..*\n-0002c970: 205b 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 [:: \n-0002c980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 C\n-0002c990: 6865 636b 2066 696c 6520 7479 7065 7320 heck file types \n-0002c9a0: 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7661 6c75 and compare valu\n-0002c9b0: 6573 0a2a 2061 6370 693a 3a20 2020 2020 es.* acpi:: \n-0002c9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002c9d0: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4143 5049 2074 6162 Load ACPI tab\n-0002c9e0: 6c65 730a 2a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 les.* authentica\n-0002c9f0: 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te:: \n-0002ca00: 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 Check whethe\n-0002ca10: 7220 7573 6572 2069 7320 696e 2075 7365 r user is in use\n-0002ca20: 7220 6c69 7374 0a2a 2062 6163 6b67 726f r list.* backgro\n-0002ca30: 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 723a 3a20 2020 2020 und_color:: \n-0002ca40: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2062 6163 6b67 Set backg\n-0002ca50: 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 round color for \n-0002ca60: 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a active terminal.\n-0002ca70: 2a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 * background_ima\n-0002ca80: 6765 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ge:: \n-0002ca90: 4c6f 6164 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 Load background \n-0002caa0: 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 image for active\n-0002cab0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2a20 6261 6472 terminal.* badr\n-0002cac0: 616d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 am:: \n-0002cad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4669 6c74 6572 Filter\n-0002cae0: 206f 7574 2062 6164 2072 6567 696f 6e73 out bad regions\n-0002caf0: 206f 6620 5241 4d0a 2a20 626c 6f63 6b6c of RAM.* blockl\n-0002cb00: 6973 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ist:: \n-0002cb10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 Print a \n-0002cb20: 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 0a2a 2062 6f6f block list.* boo\n-0002cb30: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n-0002cb40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7461 7274 Start\n-0002cb50: 2075 7020 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 up your operati\n-0002cb60: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2a20 6361 743a ng system.* cat:\n-0002cb70: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002cb80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5368 6f77 2074 Show t\n-0002cb90: 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2061 he contents of a\n-0002cba0: 2066 696c 650a 2a20 636c 6561 723a 3a20 file.* clear:: \n+00029310: 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ..These commands\n+00029320: 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 206c 6f61 are used to loa\n+00029330: 6420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 636f 6d70 d necessary comp\n+00029340: 6f6e 656e 7473 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2064 onents to boot d\n+00029350: 6573 6972 6564 204f 532e 0a4d 616e 7920 esired OS..Many \n+00029360: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 7220 636f of the loader co\n+00029370: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 mmands are not s\n+00029380: 7566 6669 6369 656e 746c 7920 646f 6375 ufficiently docu\n+00029390: 6d65 6e74 6564 2e20 2054 6865 0a66 6f6c mented. 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Load a multib\n+000297d0: 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 20e2 oot kernel.. .\n+000297e0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6e74 6c64 72e2 8099 202d .. ...ntldr... -\n+000297f0: 204c 6f61 6420 4e54 4c44 5220 6f72 2042 Load NTLDR or B\n+00029800: 6f6f 744d 4752 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ootMGR.. ... .\n+00029810: 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 ..plan9... - Loa\n+00029820: 6420 506c 616e 3920 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a d Plan9 kernel..\n+00029830: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7078 6563 6861 ... ...pxecha\n+00029840: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f inloader... - Lo\n+00029850: 6164 2061 2050 5845 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a ad a PXE image..\n+00029860: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7472 7565 6372 ... ...truecr\n+00029870: 7970 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 5472 ypt... - Load Tr\n+00029880: 7565 6372 7970 7420 4953 4f2e 0a20 2020 uecrypt ISO.. \n+00029890: e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6572 6e65 ... ...xnu_kerne\n+000298a0: 6c36 34e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 3634 l64... - Load 64\n+000298b0: 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a -bit XNU image..\n+000298c0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 ... ...xnu_ke\n+000298d0: 726e 656c e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 rnel... - Load X\n+000298e0: 4e55 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 NU image.. ...\n+000298f0: 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 7874 6469 72e2 ...xnu_kextdir.\n+00029900: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 6578 .. - Load XNU ex\n+00029910: 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6f72 tension director\n+00029920: 792e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 y.. ... ...xnu\n+00029930: 5f6b 6578 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 _kext... - Load \n+00029940: 584e 5520 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e2e 0a20 XNU extension.. \n+00029950: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6d 6b65 ... ...xnu_mke\n+00029960: 7874 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 xt... - Load XNU\n+00029970: 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2070 6163 6b61 extension packa\n+00029980: 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e ge.. ... ...xn\n+00029990: 755f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 202d 204c u_ramdisk... - L\n+000299a0: 6f61 6420 584e 5520 7261 6d64 6973 6b2e oad XNU ramdisk.\n+000299b0: 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 7661 It will be ava\n+000299c0: 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 4f53 2061 730a ilable in OS as.\n+000299d0: 2020 2020 206d 6430 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 md0.. ...\n+000299e0: 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7265 7375 6d65 e280 ...xnu_resume..\n+000299f0: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e20 696d 6167 . - 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L\n+00029cd0: 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 6368 oad FILE as a ch\n+00029ce0: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 204c 696b ain-loader. Lik\n+00029cf0: 6520 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6669 6c65 e any other file\n+00029d00: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 0a20 loaded by the. \n+00029d10: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2063 filesystem c\n+00029d20: 6f64 652c 2069 7420 6361 6e20 7573 6520 ode, it can use \n+00029d30: 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 6e6f the blocklist no\n+00029d40: 7461 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c tation (*note Bl\n+00029d50: 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 206c 6973 7420 7379 ock. list sy\n+00029d60: 6e74 6178 3a3a 2920 746f 2067 7261 6220 ntax::) to grab \n+00029d70: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 the first sector\n+00029d80: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 of the current \n+00029d90: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 partition. w\n+00029da0: 6974 6820 e280 982b 31e2 8099 2e20 204f ith ...+1.... 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See \n+0002a060: 2a6e 6f74 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 783a *note GNU/Linux:\n+0002a070: 3a20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f20 : for more info \n+0002a080: 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 4e55 2f4c on booting GNU/L\n+0002a090: 696e 7578 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 206d inux.. For m\n+0002a0a0: 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 ore information \n+0002a0b0: 6f6e 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2073 6565 2074 on initrds see t\n+0002a0c0: 6865 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 206b 6572 he GNU/Linux ker\n+0002a0d0: 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e nel. documen\n+0002a0e0: 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 tation. 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This comm\n+0002a390: 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 6174 and will generat\n+0002a3a0: 6520 7477 6f20 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 e two new-style \n+0002a3b0: 696e 6974 7264 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 initrds on the f\n+0002a3c0: 6c79 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 ly. The. fi\n+0002a3d0: 7273 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 rst contains the\n+0002a3e0: 2070 6174 6820 e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 path .../etc/ss\n+0002a3f0: 682f 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 7468 h/config... with\n+0002a400: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n+0002a410: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 6864 302c 3229 . ...(hd0,2)\n+0002a420: 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 2f2e 7373 682f /home/user/.ssh/\n+0002a430: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 config... and th\n+0002a440: 6520 7061 7468 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f e path. .../\n+0002a450: 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 etc/ssh/ssh_host\n+0002a460: 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 e280 9920 7769 7468 _rsa_key... with\n+0002a470: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n+0002a480: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 6574 632f 7373 . .../etc/ss\n+0002a490: 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b h/ssh_host_rsa_k\n+0002a4a0: 6579 e280 9920 6f6e 2074 6865 2052 4f4f ey... on the ROO\n+0002a4b0: 5420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2050 6172 656e T device. Paren\n+0002a4c0: 7420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2020 2020 t directory. \n+0002a4d0: 2070 6174 6873 2077 696c 6c20 6175 746f paths will auto\n+0002a4e0: 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6265 2067 656e matically be gen\n+0002a4f0: 6572 6174 6564 2061 7320 6e65 6564 6564 erated as needed\n+0002a500: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6669 7273 740a 2020 . This first. \n+0002a510: 2020 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2069 6e69 generated ini\n+0002a520: 7472 6420 7769 6c6c 2074 6865 6e20 6861 trd will then ha\n+0002a530: 7665 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 696e 6974 ve .../boot/init\n+0002a540: 7264 2e67 7ae2 8099 2063 6f6e 6361 7465 rd.gz... concate\n+0002a550: 6e61 7465 640a 2020 2020 2061 6674 6572 nated. after\n+0002a560: 2069 742e 2020 4e65 7874 2c20 616e 6f74 it. Next, anot\n+0002a570: 6865 7220 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 6172 her new-style ar\n+0002a580: 6368 6976 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 chive will be ge\n+0002a590: 6e65 7261 7465 6420 7769 7468 0a20 2020 nerated with. \n+0002a5a0: 2020 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f the contents o\n+0002a5b0: 6620 e280 982f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f f .../home/user/\n+0002a5c0: 696e 6974 2e66 6978 6564 e280 9920 696e init.fixed... in\n+0002a5d0: 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 e280 982f 696e the path .../in\n+0002a5e0: 6974 e280 9920 616e 640a 2020 2020 2061 it... and. a\n+0002a5f0: 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f 2074 6865 2070 ppended to the p\n+0002a600: 7265 7669 6f75 7320 636f 6e63 6174 656e revious concaten\n+0002a610: 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c ation. Finally,\n+0002a620: 2074 6865 2072 6573 756c 7420 7769 6c6c the result will\n+0002a630: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2073 656e 7420 746f . be sent to\n+0002a640: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7768 656e the kernel when\n+0002a650: 2062 6f6f 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 204b booted... K\n+0002a660: 6565 7020 696e 206d 696e 6420 7468 6174 eep in mind that\n+0002a670: 2070 6174 6873 2074 6861 7420 636f 6d65 paths that come\n+0002a680: 206c 6174 6572 2077 696c 6c20 7461 6b65 later will take\n+0002a690: 2070 7265 6365 6465 6e63 652e 2020 536f precedence. So\n+0002a6a0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 2065 7861 . in the exa\n+0002a6b0: 6d70 6c65 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7468 6520 mple above, the \n+0002a6c0: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 7061 7468 20e2 generated path .\n+0002a6d0: 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 ../init... will \n+0002a6e0: 6f76 6572 7772 6974 6520 616e 790a 2020 overwrite any. \n+0002a6f0: 2020 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 2069 .../init... i\n+0002a700: 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 n .../boot/initr\n+0002a710: 642e 677a e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 2063 d.gz.... This c\n+0002a720: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2077 6865 an be useful whe\n+0002a730: 6e20 6368 616e 6769 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 n changing the. \n+0002a740: 2020 2020 6d61 696e 2069 6e69 7472 6420 main initrd \n+0002a750: 6973 2075 6e64 6573 6972 6162 6c65 206f is undesirable o\n+0002a760: 7220 6469 6666 6963 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a r difficult.....\n+0002a770: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002a780: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 Node: initrd16\n+0002a790: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 , Next: linux, \n+0002a7a0: 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 Prev: initrd, \n+0002a7b0: 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 Up: Loader comma\n+0002a7c0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3320 696e 6974 nds..17.2.3 init\n+0002a7d0: 7264 3136 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rd16.-----------\n+0002a7e0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002a7f0: 643a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 3620 6669 6c65 d: initrd16 file\n+0002a800: 205b 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 [file ...]. \n+0002a810: 204c 6f61 642c 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 722c Load, in order,\n+0002a820: 2061 6c6c 2069 6e69 7472 6473 2066 6f72 all initrds for\n+0002a830: 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 a Linux kernel \n+0002a840: 696d 6167 6520 746f 2062 6520 626f 6f74 image to be boot\n+0002a850: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2031 362d 6269 ed. in 16-bi\n+0002a860: 7420 6d6f 6465 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 t mode, and set \n+0002a870: 7468 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 the appropriate \n+0002a880: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2069 6e20 7468 parameters in th\n+0002a890: 6520 4c69 6e75 780a 2020 2020 2073 6574 e Linux. set\n+0002a8a0: 7570 2061 7265 6120 696e 206d 656d 6f72 up area in memor\n+0002a8b0: 792e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 206f 6e6c y. This may onl\n+0002a8c0: 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6166 7465 7220 y be used after \n+0002a8d0: 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 3136 e280 the ...linux16..\n+0002a8e0: 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 .. command (\n+0002a8f0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 *note linux16::)\n+0002a900: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6e2e 2020 has been run. \n+0002a910: 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 2047 See also *note G\n+0002a920: 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 0a20 2020 2020 NU/Linux::. \n+0002a930: 616e 6420 7468 6520 e280 9869 6e69 7472 and the ...initr\n+0002a940: 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e d... command (*n\n+0002a950: 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 2920 666f ote initrd::) fo\n+0002a960: 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 6c73 206f r more details o\n+0002a970: 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 n. arguments\n+0002a980: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d ... This com\n+0002a990: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 mand is only ava\n+0002a9a0: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7063 ilable on the pc\n+0002a9b0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 666f 7220 7838 platform for x8\n+0002a9c0: 3620 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6 systems.....Fi\n+0002a9d0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002a9e0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 Node: linux, Ne\n+0002a9f0: 7874 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 362c 2020 5072 xt: linux16, Pr\n+0002aa00: 6576 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2c20 2055 ev: initrd16, U\n+0002aa10: 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e p: Loader comman\n+0002aa20: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e34 206c 696e 7578 ds..17.2.4 linux\n+0002aa30: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 .------------.. \n+0002aa40: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 6e75 -- Command: linu\n+0002aa50: 7820 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 x file .... \n+0002aa60: 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 Load a Linux ker\n+0002aa70: 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 nel image from F\n+0002aa80: 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f ILE. The rest o\n+0002aa90: 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 f the line is. \n+0002aaa0: 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 passed verbat\n+0002aab0: 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 im as the ...ker\n+0002aac0: 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 nel command-line\n+0002aad0: e280 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 696e 6974 7264 .... Any initrd\n+0002aae0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7265 must be. re\n+0002aaf0: 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 loaded after usi\n+0002ab00: 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ng this command \n+0002ab10: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 (*note initrd::)\n+0002ab20: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 2078 3836 2073 ... On x86 s\n+0002ab30: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 726e ystems, the kern\n+0002ab40: 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 el will be boote\n+0002ab50: 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 3332 2d62 d using the 32-b\n+0002ab60: 6974 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 726f it boot. pro\n+0002ab70: 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 tocol. Note tha\n+0002ab80: 7420 7468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 t this means tha\n+0002ab90: 7420 7468 6520 e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 t the ...vga=...\n+0002aba0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 696c boot option wil\n+0002abb0: 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2077 6f72 6b3b l. not work;\n+0002abc0: 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 if you want to \n+0002abd0: 7365 7420 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7669 set a special vi\n+0002abe0: 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2c20 796f 7520 7769 deo mode, you wi\n+0002abf0: 6c6c 206e 6565 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ll need to. \n+0002ac00: 7573 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 use GRUB command\n+0002ac10: 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 9873 6574 s such as ...set\n+0002ac20: 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643d 3130 3234 gfxpayload=1024\n+0002ac30: 7837 3638 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7365 x768... or ...se\n+0002ac40: 740a 2020 2020 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 t. gfxpayloa\n+0002ac50: 643d 6b65 6570 e280 9920 2874 6f20 6b65 d=keep... (to ke\n+0002ac60: 6570 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6d6f 6465 ep the same mode\n+0002ac70: 2061 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 as used in GRUB\n+0002ac80: 2920 696e 7374 6561 642e 0a20 2020 2020 ) instead.. \n+0002ac90: 4752 5542 2063 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 GRUB can automat\n+0002aca0: 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 736f ically detect so\n+0002acb0: 6d65 2075 7365 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 7667 me uses of ...vg\n+0002acc0: 613d e280 9920 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c a=... and transl\n+0002acd0: 6174 650a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6d20 746f ate. them to\n+0002ace0: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2073 6574 appropriate set\n+0002acf0: 7469 6e67 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 6766 7870 tings of ...gfxp\n+0002ad00: 6179 6c6f 6164 e280 992e 2020 5468 6520 ayload.... The \n+0002ad10: e280 986c 696e 7578 3136 e280 990a 2020 ...linux16.... \n+0002ad20: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 command (*not\n+0002ad30: 6520 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a29 2061 766f e linux16::) avo\n+0002ad40: 6964 7320 7468 6973 2072 6573 7472 6963 ids this restric\n+0002ad50: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n+0002ad60: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002ad70: 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 204e 6578 743a linux16, Next:\n+0002ad80: 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c xen_hypervisor,\n+0002ad90: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 Prev: linux, \n+0002ada0: 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 Up: Loader comma\n+0002adb0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3520 6c69 6e75 nds..17.2.5 linu\n+0002adc0: 7831 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d x16.------------\n+0002add0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002ade0: 206c 696e 7578 3136 2066 696c 6520 2e2e linux16 file ..\n+0002adf0: 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 .. Load a Li\n+0002ae00: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 nux kernel image\n+0002ae10: 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2069 6e20 3136 from FILE in 16\n+0002ae20: 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 652e 2020 5468 6520 -bit mode. The \n+0002ae30: 7265 7374 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 rest of. the\n+0002ae40: 206c 696e 6520 6973 2070 6173 7365 6420 line is passed \n+0002ae50: 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 verbatim as the \n+0002ae60: e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e ...kernel comman\n+0002ae70: 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e 790a d-line.... Any.\n+0002ae80: 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6d75 7374 initrd must\n+0002ae90: 2062 6520 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 6674 be reloaded aft\n+0002aea0: 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f er using this co\n+0002aeb0: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 mmand (*note. \n+0002aec0: 2020 696e 6974 7264 3136 3a3a 292e 0a0a initrd16::)...\n+0002aed0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 The kernel \n+0002aee0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 2075 will be booted u\n+0002aef0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2074 7261 6469 7469 sing the traditi\n+0002af00: 6f6e 616c 2031 362d 6269 7420 626f 6f74 onal 16-bit boot\n+0002af10: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 . protocol. \n+0002af20: 2041 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 6279 7061 As well as bypa\n+0002af30: 7373 696e 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 ssing problems w\n+0002af40: 6974 6820 e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2064 ith ...vga=... d\n+0002af50: 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 escribed in. \n+0002af60: 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3a3a 2c20 *note linux::, \n+0002af70: 7468 6973 2070 6572 6d69 7473 2062 6f6f this permits boo\n+0002af80: 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d 6520 6f74 6865 7220 ting some other \n+0002af90: 7072 6f67 7261 6d73 2074 6861 740a 2020 programs that. \n+0002afa0: 2020 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 implement the\n+0002afb0: 204c 696e 7578 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 6f74 Linux boot prot\n+0002afc0: 6f63 6f6c 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2073 616b ocol for the sak\n+0002afd0: 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 7665 6e69 656e 6365 e of convenience\n+0002afe0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d ... This com\n+0002aff0: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 mand is only ava\n+0002b000: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 3620 7379 ilable on x86 sy\n+0002b010: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 stems.....File: \n+0002b020: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002b030: 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 : xen_hypervisor\n+0002b040: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 , Next: xen_mod\n+0002b050: 756c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 6e75 ule, Prev: linu\n+0002b060: 7831 362c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 x16, Up: Loader\n+0002b070: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e commands..17.2.\n+0002b080: 3620 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 6 xen_hypervisor\n+0002b090: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0002b0a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002b0b0: 616e 643a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 and: xen_hypervi\n+0002b0c0: 736f 7220 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 sor file [argume\n+0002b0d0: 6e74 735d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f nts] .... Lo\n+0002b0e0: 6164 2061 2058 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 ad a Xen hypervi\n+0002b0f0: 736f 7220 6269 6e61 7279 2066 726f 6d20 sor binary from \n+0002b100: 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 FILE. The rest \n+0002b110: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 of the line is. \n+0002b120: 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 passed verba\n+0002b130: 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 tim as the ...ke\n+0002b140: 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e rnel command-lin\n+0002b150: 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 206f 7468 6572 e.... Any other\n+0002b160: 2062 696e 6172 6965 730a 2020 2020 206d binaries. m\n+0002b170: 7573 7420 6265 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 ust be reloaded \n+0002b180: 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 after using this\n+0002b190: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2054 6869 7320 command. This \n+0002b1a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 790a command is only.\n+0002b1b0: 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f available o\n+0002b1c0: 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3420 7379 7374 656d n AArch64 system\n+0002b1d0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+0002b1e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 .info, Node: xe\n+0002b1f0: 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a n_module, Prev:\n+0002b200: 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c xen_hypervisor,\n+0002b210: 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d Up: Loader com\n+0002b220: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3720 7865 mands..17.2.7 xe\n+0002b230: 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d n_module.-------\n+0002b240: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002b250: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 Command: xen_mod\n+0002b260: 756c 6520 5b2d 2d6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 5d20 ule [--nounzip] \n+0002b270: 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d file [arguments]\n+0002b280: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 6f64 . Load a mod\n+0002b290: 756c 6520 666f 7220 7865 6e20 6879 7065 ule for xen hype\n+0002b2a0: 7276 6973 6f72 2061 7420 7468 6520 626f rvisor at the bo\n+0002b2b0: 6f74 696e 6720 7072 6f63 6573 7320 6f66 oting process of\n+0002b2c0: 2078 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 xen.. The r\n+0002b2d0: 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 est of the line \n+0002b2e0: 6973 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 is passed verbat\n+0002b2f0: 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 im as the module\n+0002b300: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652e 0a20 command line.. \n+0002b310: 2020 2020 4d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7368 6f75 Modules shou\n+0002b320: 6c64 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6e20 ld be loaded in \n+0002b330: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f72 the following or\n+0002b340: 6465 723a 202d 2064 6f6d 3020 6b65 726e der: - dom0 kern\n+0002b350: 656c 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 2d20 el. image - \n+0002b360: 646f 6d30 2072 616d 6469 736b 2069 6620 dom0 ramdisk if \n+0002b370: 7072 6573 656e 7420 2d20 5853 4d20 706f present - XSM po\n+0002b380: 6c69 6379 2069 6620 7072 6573 656e 7420 licy if present \n+0002b390: 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e This. comman\n+0002b3a0: 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 d is only availa\n+0002b3b0: 626c 6520 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 2073 ble on AArch64 s\n+0002b3c0: 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ystems.....File:\n+0002b3d0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002b3e0: 653a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 e: General comma\n+0002b3f0: 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 6d6d nds, Next: Comm\n+0002b400: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002b410: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 s, Prev: Loader\n+0002b420: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 commands, Up: \n+0002b430: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2047 Commands..17.3 G\n+0002b440: 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a eneral commands.\n+0002b450: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0002b460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 =====..Commands \n+0002b470: 7573 6162 6c65 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 usable anywhere \n+0002b480: 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 in the menu and \n+0002b490: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c in the command-l\n+0002b4a0: 696e 652e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ine...* Menu:..*\n+0002b4b0: 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 serial:: \n+0002b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 S\n+0002b4d0: 6574 2075 7020 6120 7365 7269 616c 2064 et up a serial d\n+0002b4e0: 6576 6963 650a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c evice.* terminal\n+0002b4f0: 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _input:: \n+0002b500: 2020 2020 2020 4d61 6e61 6765 2069 6e70 Manage inp\n+0002b510: 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 ut terminals.* t\n+0002b520: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a3a erminal_output::\n+0002b530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 616e Man\n+0002b540: 6167 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 age output termi\n+0002b550: 6e61 6c73 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f3a nals.* terminfo:\n+0002b560: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002b570: 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 7465 726d Define term\n+0002b580: 696e 616c 2074 7970 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c inal type....Fil\n+0002b590: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002b5a0: 6f64 653a 2073 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 4e65 ode: serial, Ne\n+0002b5b0: 7874 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 xt: terminal_inp\n+0002b5c0: 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c ut, Up: General\n+0002b5d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e commands..17.3.\n+0002b5e0: 3120 7365 7269 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 1 serial.-------\n+0002b5f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002b600: 616e 643a 2073 6572 6961 6c20 5b2d 2d75 and: serial [--u\n+0002b610: 6e69 743d 756e 6974 5d20 5b2d 2d70 6f72 nit=unit] [--por\n+0002b620: 743d 706f 7274 5d20 5b2d 2d73 7065 6564 t=port] [--speed\n+0002b630: 3d73 7065 6564 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 =speed]. \n+0002b640: 2020 5b2d 2d77 6f72 643d 776f 7264 5d20 [--word=word] \n+0002b650: 5b2d 2d70 6172 6974 793d 7061 7269 7479 [--parity=parity\n+0002b660: 5d20 5b2d 2d73 746f 703d 7374 6f70 5d0a ] [--stop=stop].\n+0002b670: 2020 2020 2049 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 Initialize \n+0002b680: 6120 7365 7269 616c 2064 6576 6963 652e a serial device.\n+0002b690: 2020 554e 4954 2069 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 UNIT is a numb\n+0002b6a0: 6572 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 er in the range \n+0002b6b0: 302d 330a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 0-3. specify\n+0002b6c0: 696e 6720 7768 6963 6820 7365 7269 616c ing which serial\n+0002b6d0: 2070 6f72 7420 746f 2075 7365 3b20 6465 port to use; de\n+0002b6e0: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2030 2c20 7768 6963 fault is 0, whic\n+0002b6f0: 680a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e h. correspon\n+0002b700: 6473 2074 6f20 7468 6520 706f 7274 206f ds to the port o\n+0002b710: 6674 656e 2063 616c 6c65 6420 434f 4d31 ften called COM1\n+0002b720: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 504f 5254 2069 7320 ... PORT is \n+0002b730: 7468 6520 492f 4f20 706f 7274 2077 6865 the I/O port whe\n+0002b740: 7265 2074 6865 2055 4152 5420 6973 2074 re the UART is t\n+0002b750: 6f20 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 206f 722c 2069 o be found or, i\n+0002b760: 6620 7072 6566 6978 6564 0a20 2020 2020 f prefixed. \n+0002b770: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 6d6d 696f 2ce2 8099 with ...mmio,...\n+0002b780: 2c20 7468 6520 4d4d 494f 2061 6464 7265 , the MMIO addre\n+0002b790: 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 5541 5254 2e20 ss of the UART. \n+0002b7a0: 4966 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 7420 If specified it \n+0002b7b0: 7461 6b65 730a 2020 2020 2070 7265 6365 takes. prece\n+0002b7c0: 6465 6e63 6520 6f76 6572 2055 4e49 542e dence over UNIT.\n+0002b7d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 .. Additiona\n+0002b7e0: 6c6c 792c 2061 6e20 4d4d 494f 2061 6464 lly, an MMIO add\n+0002b7f0: 7265 7373 2063 616e 2062 6520 7375 6666 ress can be suff\n+0002b800: 6978 6564 2077 6974 683a 0a20 2020 2020 ixed with:. \n+0002b810: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e62 e280 9920 ... ....b... \n+0002b820: 666f 7220 6279 7465 7320 6163 6365 7373 for bytes access\n+0002b830: 2028 6465 6661 756c 7429 0a20 2020 2020 (default). \n+0002b840: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e77 e280 9920 ... ....w... \n+0002b850: 666f 7220 3136 2d62 6974 2077 6f72 6420 for 16-bit word \n+0002b860: 6163 6365 7373 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 access. .\n+0002b870: 80a2 20e2 8098 2e6c e280 9920 666f 7220 .. ....l... for \n+0002b880: 3332 2d62 6974 206c 6f6e 6720 776f 7264 32-bit long word\n+0002b890: 2061 6363 6573 7320 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 access or. \n+0002b8a0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 2e71 e280 9920 ... ....q... \n+0002b8b0: 666f 7220 3634 2d62 6974 206c 6f6e 6720 for 64-bit long \n+0002b8c0: 6c6f 6e67 2077 6f72 6420 6163 6365 7373 long word access\n+0002b8d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2050 4f52 .. Also, POR\n+0002b8e0: 5420 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6620 7468 6520 T can be of the \n+0002b8f0: 666f 726d 20e2 8098 7063 692c 5858 3a58 form ...pci,XX:X\n+0002b900: 582e 58e2 8099 2074 6f20 696e 6469 6361 X.X... to indica\n+0002b910: 7465 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 2020 2020 te a serial. \n+0002b920: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6578 706f 7365 6420 device exposed \n+0002b930: 6f6e 2074 6865 2050 4349 2062 7573 2e0a on the PCI bus..\n+0002b940: 0a20 2020 2020 5350 4545 4420 6973 2074 . SPEED is t\n+0002b950: 6865 2074 7261 6e73 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 he transmission \n+0002b960: 7370 6565 643b 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 speed; default i\n+0002b970: 7320 3936 3030 2e20 2057 4f52 4420 616e s 9600. WORD an\n+0002b980: 6420 5354 4f50 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 d STOP. are \n+0002b990: 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6461 the number of da\n+0002b9a0: 7461 2062 6974 7320 616e 6420 7374 6f70 ta bits and stop\n+0002b9b0: 2062 6974 732e 2020 4461 7461 2062 6974 bits. Data bit\n+0002b9c0: 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 696e 0a20 2020 s must be in. \n+0002b9d0: 2020 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 352d 3820 the range 5-8 \n+0002b9e0: 616e 6420 7374 6f70 2062 6974 7320 6d75 and stop bits mu\n+0002b9f0: 7374 2062 6520 3120 6f72 2032 2e20 2044 st be 1 or 2. D\n+0002ba00: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 3820 6461 7461 efault is 8 data\n+0002ba10: 2062 6974 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 206f bits. and o\n+0002ba20: 6e65 2073 746f 7020 6269 742e 2020 5041 ne stop bit. PA\n+0002ba30: 5249 5459 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 20e2 RITY is one of .\n+0002ba40: 8098 6e6f e280 992c 20e2 8098 6f64 64e2 ..no..., ...odd.\n+0002ba50: 8099 2c20 e280 9865 7665 6ee2 8099 2061 .., ...even... a\n+0002ba60: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7473 nd. defaults\n+0002ba70: 2074 6f20 e280 986e 6fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 to ...no...... \n+0002ba80: 2020 2020 4966 2070 6173 7365 6420 6e6f If passed no\n+0002ba90: 2055 4e49 5420 6e6f 7220 504f 5254 2c20 UNIT nor PORT, \n+0002baa0: 6f72 2069 6620 504f 5254 2069 7320 7365 or if PORT is se\n+0002bab0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6175 746f e280 9920 t to ...auto... \n+0002bac0: 7468 656e 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2077 then GRUB. w\n+0002bad0: 696c 6c20 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 2075 ill attempt to u\n+0002bae0: 7365 2041 4350 4920 746f 2061 7574 6f6d se ACPI to autom\n+0002baf0: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7420 atically detect \n+0002bb00: 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 2064 6566 6175 the system defau\n+0002bb10: 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c 2070 lt. serial p\n+0002bb20: 6f72 7420 616e 6420 6974 7320 636f 6e66 ort and its conf\n+0002bb30: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2074 iguration. If t\n+0002bb40: 6869 7320 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 his information \n+0002bb50: 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 is not. avai\n+0002bb60: 6c61 626c 652c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 lable, it will d\n+0002bb70: 6566 6175 6c74 2074 6f20 554e 4954 2030 efault to UNIT 0\n+0002bb80: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7365 7269 ... The seri\n+0002bb90: 616c 2070 6f72 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2075 al port is not u\n+0002bba0: 7365 6420 6173 2061 2063 6f6d 6d75 6e69 sed as a communi\n+0002bbb0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2063 6861 6e6e 656c 2075 cation channel u\n+0002bbc0: 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 nless the. .\n+0002bbd0: 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 ..terminal_input\n+0002bbe0: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e ... or ...termin\n+0002bbf0: 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 8099 2063 6f6d al_output... com\n+0002bc00: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7573 6564 2028 2a6e mand is used (*n\n+0002bc10: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ote. termina\n+0002bc20: 6c5f 696e 7075 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 l_input::, *note\n+0002bc30: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 terminal_output\n+0002bc40: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 652c ::)... Note,\n+0002bc50: 2076 616c 6964 2050 4f52 5420 7661 6c75 valid PORT valu\n+0002bc60: 6573 2c20 6578 636c 7564 696e 6720 494f es, excluding IO\n+0002bc70: 2070 6f72 7420 6164 6472 6573 7365 732c port addresses,\n+0002bc80: 2063 616e 2062 6520 666f 756e 640a 2020 can be found. \n+0002bc90: 2020 2062 7920 6c69 7374 696e 6720 7465 by listing te\n+0002bca0: 726d 696e 616c 7320 7769 7468 20e2 8098 rminals with ...\n+0002bcb0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 terminal_output.\n+0002bcc0: 8099 2c20 7365 6c65 6374 696e 6720 616c .., selecting al\n+0002bcd0: 6c20 6e61 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2070 7265 l names. pre\n+0002bce0: 6669 7865 6420 6279 20e2 8098 7365 7269 fixed by ...seri\n+0002bcf0: 616c 5fe2 8099 2061 6e64 2072 656d 6f76 al_... and remov\n+0002bd00: 696e 6720 7468 6174 2070 7265 6669 782e ing that prefix.\n+0002bd10: 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 733a .. Examples:\n+0002bd20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 . seria\n+0002bd30: 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 3d30 7833 6638 202d l --port=0x3f8 -\n+0002bd40: 2d73 7065 6564 3d39 3630 300a 2020 2020 -speed=9600. \n+0002bd50: 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d70 serial --p\n+0002bd60: 6f72 743d 6d6d 696f 2c66 6566 6230 3030 ort=mmio,fefb000\n+0002bd70: 302e 6c20 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3131 3532 0.l --speed=1152\n+0002bd80: 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 00. ser\n+0002bd90: 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 3d70 6369 2c30 ial --port=pci,0\n+0002bda0: 303a 3136 2e33 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d31 0:16.3 --speed=1\n+0002bdb0: 3135 3230 300a 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6520 15200.. See \n+0002bdc0: 616c 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 2053 6572 6961 also *note Seria\n+0002bdd0: 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f l terminal::....\n+0002bde0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002bdf0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 , Node: termina\n+0002be00: 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 l_input, Next: \n+0002be10: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 742c terminal_output,\n+0002be20: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 7269 616c 2c20 Prev: serial, \n+0002be30: 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d Up: General com\n+0002be40: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3220 7465 mands..17.3.2 te\n+0002be50: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 0a2d 2d2d rminal_input.---\n+0002be60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002be70: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002be80: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 7420 terminal_input \n+0002be90: 5b2d 2d61 7070 656e 647c 2d2d 7265 6d6f [--append|--remo\n+0002bea0: 7665 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c31 5d20 ve] [terminal1] \n+0002beb0: 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c32 5d0a 2020 2020 [terminal2]. \n+0002bec0: 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c .... L\n+0002bed0: 6973 7420 6f72 2073 656c 6563 7420 616e ist or select an\n+0002bee0: 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e input terminal.\n+0002bef0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 .. With no a\n+0002bf00: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 rguments, list t\n+0002bf10: 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 616e 6420 6176 he active and av\n+0002bf20: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 7075 7420 7465 ailable input te\n+0002bf30: 726d 696e 616c 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 rminals... W\n+0002bf40: 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d61 7070 656e 64e2 ith ...--append.\n+0002bf50: 8099 2c20 6164 6420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 .., add the name\n+0002bf60: 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 746f 2074 d terminals to t\n+0002bf70: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6374 6976 he list of activ\n+0002bf80: 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 e. input ter\n+0002bf90: 6d69 6e61 6c73 3b20 616e 7920 6f66 2074 minals; any of t\n+0002bfa0: 6865 7365 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 hese may be used\n+0002bfb0: 2074 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6520 696e 7075 to provide inpu\n+0002bfc0: 7420 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 t to GRUB... \n+0002bfd0: 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 With ...--remov\n+0002bfe0: 65e2 8099 2c20 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 e..., remove the\n+0002bff0: 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 named terminals\n+0002c000: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 from the active\n+0002c010: 206c 6973 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 list... Wit\n+0002c020: 6820 6e6f 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2062 7574 h no options but\n+0002c030: 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 6572 6d69 a list of termi\n+0002c040: 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 732c 206d 616b 6520 nal names, make \n+0002c050: 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 206c 6973 7465 640a only the listed.\n+0002c060: 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 terminal na\n+0002c070: 6d65 7320 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 mes active.....F\n+0002c080: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002c090: 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f Node: terminal_\n+0002c0a0: 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 output, Next: t\n+0002c0b0: 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 erminfo, Prev: \n+0002c0c0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 terminal_input, \n+0002c0d0: 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 6f6d Up: General com\n+0002c0e0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 332e 3320 7465 mands..17.3.3 te\n+0002c0f0: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 740a 2d2d rminal_output.--\n+0002c100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002c110: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0002c120: 643a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 d: terminal_outp\n+0002c130: 7574 205b 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 7c2d 2d72 ut [--append|--r\n+0002c140: 656d 6f76 655d 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c emove] [terminal\n+0002c150: 315d 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c 325d 0a20 1] [terminal2]. \n+0002c160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 .... \n+0002c170: 2020 4c69 7374 206f 7220 7365 6c65 6374 List or select\n+0002c180: 2061 6e20 6f75 7470 7574 2074 6572 6d69 an output termi\n+0002c190: 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 nal... With \n+0002c1a0: 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 6c69 no arguments, li\n+0002c1b0: 7374 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 616e st the active an\n+0002c1c0: 6420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f75 7470 d available outp\n+0002c1d0: 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2e0a 0a20 ut terminals... \n+0002c1e0: 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 6170 With ...--ap\n+0002c1f0: 7065 6e64 e280 992c 2061 6464 2074 6865 pend..., add the\n+0002c200: 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 named terminals\n+0002c210: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 to the list of \n+0002c220: 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 6f75 7470 active. outp\n+0002c230: 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 3b20 616c ut terminals; al\n+0002c240: 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2077 696c 6c20 l of these will \n+0002c250: 7265 6365 6976 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2066 receive output f\n+0002c260: 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 rom GRUB... \n+0002c270: 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 With ...--remove\n+0002c280: e280 992c 2072 656d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 ..., remove the \n+0002c290: 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 named terminals \n+0002c2a0: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 from the active \n+0002c2b0: 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 list... With\n+0002c2c0: 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 no options but \n+0002c2d0: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7465 726d 696e a list of termin\n+0002c2e0: 616c 206e 616d 6573 2c20 6d61 6b65 206f al names, make o\n+0002c2f0: 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 6564 0a20 nly the listed. \n+0002c300: 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d terminal nam\n+0002c310: 6573 2061 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 es active.....Fi\n+0002c320: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002c330: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 2c20 Node: terminfo, \n+0002c340: 2050 7265 763a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f Prev: terminal_\n+0002c350: 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e output, Up: Gen\n+0002c360: 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 eral commands..1\n+0002c370: 372e 332e 3420 7465 726d 696e 666f 0a2d 7.3.4 terminfo.-\n+0002c380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0002c390: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6572 -- Command: ter\n+0002c3a0: 6d69 6e66 6f20 5b2d 617c 2d75 7c2d 765d minfo [-a|-u|-v]\n+0002c3b0: 205b 2d67 2057 7848 5d20 5b74 6572 6d5d [-g WxH] [term]\n+0002c3c0: 205b 7479 7065 5d0a 2020 2020 2044 6566 [type]. Def\n+0002c3d0: 696e 6520 7468 6520 6361 7061 6269 6c69 ine the capabili\n+0002c3e0: 7469 6573 206f 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 ties of your ter\n+0002c3f0: 6d69 6e61 6c20 6279 2067 6976 696e 6720 minal by giving \n+0002c400: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 616e 0a20 the name of an. \n+0002c410: 2020 2020 656e 7472 7920 696e 2074 6865 entry in the\n+0002c420: 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 6461 7461 6261 terminfo databa\n+0002c430: 7365 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7368 6f75 6c64 se, which should\n+0002c440: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 726f 7567 correspond roug\n+0002c450: 686c 7920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6120 e280 hly to. a ..\n+0002c460: 9854 4552 4de2 8099 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e .TERM... environ\n+0002c470: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 696e ment variable in\n+0002c480: 2055 6e69 782e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 Unix... The\n+0002c490: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 7661 696c currently avail\n+0002c4a0: 6162 6c65 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 able terminal ty\n+0002c4b0: 7065 7320 6172 6520 e280 9876 7431 3030 pes are ...vt100\n+0002c4c0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 7674 3130 302d 636f ..., ...vt100-co\n+0002c4d0: 6c6f 72e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 lor...,. ...\n+0002c4e0: 6965 6565 3132 3735 e280 992c 2061 6e64 ieee1275..., and\n+0002c4f0: 20e2 8098 6475 6d62 e280 992e 2020 4966 ...dumb.... If\n+0002c500: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 6f74 6865 7220 you need other \n+0002c510: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 6573 2c20 terminal types, \n+0002c520: 706c 6561 7365 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 please. cont\n+0002c530: 6163 7420 7573 2074 6f20 6469 7363 7573 act us to discus\n+0002c540: 7320 7468 6520 6265 7374 2077 6179 2074 s the best way t\n+0002c550: 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 7375 7070 6f72 o include suppor\n+0002c560: 7420 666f 7220 7468 6573 6520 696e 0a20 t for these in. \n+0002c570: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 GRUB... \n+0002c580: 5468 6520 e280 982d 61e2 8099 2028 e280 The ...-a... (..\n+0002c590: 982d 2d61 7363 6969 e280 9929 2c20 e280 .--ascii...), ..\n+0002c5a0: 982d 75e2 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d75 7466 .-u... (...--utf\n+0002c5b0: 38e2 8099 292c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d76 8...), and ...-v\n+0002c5c0: e280 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d 7669 7375 616c ... (...--visual\n+0002c5d0: 2d75 7466 38e2 8099 290a 2020 2020 206f -utf8...). o\n+0002c5e0: 7074 696f 6e73 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2068 ptions control h\n+0002c5f0: 6f77 206e 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 2074 6578 ow non-ASCII tex\n+0002c600: 7420 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e20 t is displayed. \n+0002c610: 20e2 8098 2d61 e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 ...-a... specif\n+0002c620: 6965 7320 616e 0a20 2020 2020 4153 4349 ies an. ASCI\n+0002c630: 492d 6f6e 6c79 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3b I-only terminal;\n+0002c640: 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 ...-u... specif\n+0002c650: 6965 7320 6c6f 6769 6361 6c6c 792d 6f72 ies logically-or\n+0002c660: 6465 7265 6420 5554 462d 383b 2061 6e64 dered UTF-8; and\n+0002c670: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 76e2 8099 2073 . ...-v... s\n+0002c680: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2022 7669 7375 616c pecifies \"visual\n+0002c690: 6c79 2d6f 7264 6572 6564 2055 5446 2d38 ly-ordered UTF-8\n+0002c6a0: 2220 2869 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 776f 7264 \" (in other word\n+0002c6b0: 732c 2061 7272 616e 6765 640a 2020 2020 s, arranged. \n+0002c6c0: 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 2061 2074 6572 such that a ter\n+0002c6d0: 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2077 minal emulator w\n+0002c6e0: 6974 686f 7574 2062 6964 6972 6563 7469 ithout bidirecti\n+0002c6f0: 6f6e 616c 2074 6578 7420 7375 7070 6f72 onal text suppor\n+0002c700: 740a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 t. will disp\n+0002c710: 6c61 7920 7269 6768 742d 746f 2d6c 6566 lay right-to-lef\n+0002c720: 7420 7465 7874 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7072 t text in the pr\n+0002c730: 6f70 6572 206f 7264 6572 3b20 7468 6973 oper order; this\n+0002c740: 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2072 6561 is not. rea\n+0002c750: 6c6c 7920 7072 6f70 6572 2055 5446 2d38 lly proper UTF-8\n+0002c760: 2c20 6275 7420 6120 776f 726b 6172 6f75 , but a workarou\n+0002c770: 6e64 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 nd)... The .\n+0002c780: 8098 2d67 e280 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d 6765 ..-g... (...--ge\n+0002c790: 6f6d 6574 7279 e280 9929 2063 616e 2062 ometry...) can b\n+0002c7a0: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 e used to specif\n+0002c7b0: 7920 7465 726d 696e 616c 2067 656f 6d65 y terminal geome\n+0002c7c0: 7472 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6e6f try... If no\n+0002c7d0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 option or termi\n+0002c7e0: 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 2069 7320 7370 6563 nal type is spec\n+0002c7f0: 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 ified, the curre\n+0002c800: 6e74 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 nt terminal. \n+0002c810: 2074 7970 6520 6973 2070 7269 6e74 6564 type is printed\n+0002c820: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002c830: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d info, Node: Com\n+0002c840: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0002c850: 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204e 6574 776f ds, Next: Netwo\n+0002c860: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 rking commands, \n+0002c870: 2050 7265 763a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2063 Prev: General c\n+0002c880: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ommands, Up: Co\n+0002c890: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2043 6f6d mmands..17.4 Com\n+0002c8a0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0002c8b0: 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ds.=============\n+0002c8c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n+0002c8d0: 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 hese commands ar\n+0002c8e0: 6520 7573 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e usable in the \n+0002c8f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2061 6e64 command-line and\n+0002c900: 2069 6e20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 in menu entries\n+0002c910: 2e20 2049 660a 796f 7520 666f 7267 6574 . If.you forget\n+0002c920: 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 796f 7520 a command, you \n+0002c930: 6361 6e20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d can run the comm\n+0002c940: 616e 6420 e280 9868 656c 70e2 8099 2028 and ...help... 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2a20 6469 7374 tree blob.* dist\n-0002ce40: 7275 7374 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rust:: \n-0002ce50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 Remove\n-0002ce60: 2061 2070 7562 6b65 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 a pubkey from t\n-0002ce70: 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 730a 2a20 6472 rusted keys.* dr\n-0002ce80: 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ivemap:: \n-0002ce90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d61 7020 Map \n-0002cea0: 6120 6472 6976 6520 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 a drive to anoth\n-0002ceb0: 6572 0a2a 2065 6368 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 er.* echo:: \n-0002cec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002ced0: 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2061 206c 696e Display a lin\n-0002cee0: 6520 6f66 2074 6578 740a 2a20 6566 6974 e of text.* efit\n-0002cef0: 6578 746d 6f64 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 extmode:: \n-0002cf00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 742f 4765 Set/Ge\n-0002cf10: 7420 7465 7874 206f 7574 7075 7420 6d6f t text output mo\n-0002cf20: 6465 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e0a 2a20 de resolution.* \n-0002cf30: 6576 616c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eval:: \n-0002cf40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4576 Ev\n-0002cf50: 616c 7561 7465 2061 6772 756d 656e 7473 aluate agruments\n-0002cf60: 2061 7320 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 as GRUB command\n-0002cf70: 730a 2a20 6578 706f 7274 3a3a 2020 2020 s.* export:: \n-0002cf80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cf90: 2020 4578 706f 7274 2061 6e20 656e 7669 Export an envi\n-0002cfa0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-0002cfb0: 0a2a 2066 616c 7365 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 .* false:: \n-0002cfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cfd0: 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c 2075 6e73 Do nothing, uns\n-0002cfe0: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 790a 2a20 6677 uccessfully.* fw\n-0002cff0: 7365 7475 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 setup:: \n-0002d000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 626f Rebo\n-0002d010: 6f74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6669 726d ot into the firm\n-0002d020: 7761 7265 2073 6574 7570 206d 656e 750a ware setup menu.\n-0002d030: 2a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 * gdbinfo:: \n-0002d040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d050: 5072 6f76 6964 6520 696e 666f 2066 6f72 Provide info for\n-0002d060: 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2077 6974 6820 debugging with \n-0002d070: 4744 420a 2a20 6765 7474 6578 743a 3a20 GDB.* gettext:: \n-0002d080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d090: 2020 2020 5472 616e 736c 6174 6520 6120 Translate a \n-0002d0a0: 7374 7269 6e67 0a2a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 string.* gptsync\n-0002d0b0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002d0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2046 696c 6c20 616e 204d Fill an M\n-0002d0d0: 4252 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 4750 5420 BR based on GPT \n-0002d0e0: 656e 7472 6965 730a 2a20 6861 6c74 3a3a entries.* halt::\n+0002cbc0: 436c 6561 7220 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e Clear the screen\n+0002cbd0: 0a2a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 3a3a 2020 .* cmosclean:: \n+0002cbe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002cbf0: 2043 6c65 6172 2062 6974 2069 6e20 434d Clear bit in CM\n+0002cc00: 4f53 0a2a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 703a 3a20 OS.* cmosdump:: \n+0002cc10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002cc20: 2020 2044 756d 7020 434d 4f53 2063 6f6e Dump CMOS con\n+0002cc30: 7465 6e74 730a 2a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 tents.* cmostest\n+0002cc40: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002cc50: 2020 2020 2020 5465 7374 2062 6974 2069 Test bit i\n+0002cc60: 6e20 434d 4f53 0a2a 2063 6d70 3a3a 2020 n CMOS.* cmp:: \n+0002cc70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002cc80: 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 Compare t\n+0002cc90: 776f 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2063 6f6e 6669 wo files.* confi\n+0002cca0: 6766 696c 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 gfile:: \n+0002ccb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 Load a \n+0002ccc0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+0002ccd0: 6c65 0a2a 2063 7075 6964 3a3a 2020 2020 le.* cpuid:: \n+0002cce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002ccf0: 2020 2043 6865 636b 2066 6f72 2043 5055 Check for CPU\n+0002cd00: 2066 6561 7475 7265 730a 2a20 6372 633a features.* crc:\n+0002cd10: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002cd20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 Comput\n+0002cd30: 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2043 5243 3332 e or check CRC32\n+0002cd40: 2063 6865 636b 7375 6d73 0a2a 2063 7279 checksums.* cry\n+0002cd50: 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 ptomount:: \n+0002cd60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 Mount\n+0002cd70: 2061 2063 7279 7074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 a crypto device\n+0002cd80: 0a2a 2063 7574 6d65 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 .* cutmem:: \n+0002cd90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002cda0: 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 Remove memory r\n+0002cdb0: 6567 696f 6e73 0a2a 2064 6174 653a 3a20 egions.* date:: \n+0002cdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002cdd0: 2020 2020 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 206f Display o\n+0002cde0: 7220 7365 7420 6375 7272 656e 7420 6461 r set current da\n+0002cdf0: 7465 2061 6e64 2074 696d 650a 2a20 6465 te and time.* de\n+0002ce00: 7669 6365 7472 6565 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 vicetree:: \n+0002ce10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 Load\n+0002ce20: 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 7472 6565 2062 a device tree b\n+0002ce30: 6c6f 620a 2a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a lob.* distrust::\n+0002ce40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002ce50: 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 2070 7562 Remove a pub\n+0002ce60: 6b65 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 7275 7374 6564 key from trusted\n+0002ce70: 206b 6579 730a 2a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 keys.* drivemap\n+0002ce80: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002ce90: 2020 2020 2020 4d61 7020 6120 6472 6976 Map a driv\n+0002cea0: 6520 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a2a 2065 e to another.* e\n+0002ceb0: 6368 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cho:: \n+0002cec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6973 Dis\n+0002ced0: 706c 6179 2061 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2074 play a line of t\n+0002cee0: 6578 740a 2a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 ext.* 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7365 7475 703a fully.* fwsetup:\n+0002cff0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d000: 2020 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2069 6e74 Reboot int\n+0002d010: 6f20 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 o the firmware s\n+0002d020: 6574 7570 206d 656e 750a 2a20 6764 6269 etup menu.* gdbi\n+0002d030: 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nfo:: \n+0002d040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 6f76 6964 Provid\n+0002d050: 6520 696e 666f 2066 6f72 2064 6562 7567 e info for debug\n+0002d060: 6769 6e67 2077 6974 6820 4744 420a 2a20 ging with GDB.* \n+0002d070: 6765 7474 6578 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 gettext:: \n+0002d080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5472 Tr\n+0002d090: 616e 736c 6174 6520 6120 7374 7269 6e67 anslate a string\n+0002d0a0: 0a2a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 3a3a 2020 2020 .* gptsync:: \n+0002d0b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d0c0: 2046 696c 6c20 616e 204d 4252 2062 6173 Fill an MBR bas\n+0002d0d0: 6564 206f 6e20 4750 5420 656e 7472 6965 ed on GPT entrie\n+0002d0e0: 730a 2a20 6861 6c74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 s.* halt:: \n 0002d0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5368 7574 2064 6f77 Shut dow\n-0002d110: 6e20 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 720a n your computer.\n-0002d120: 2a20 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 * hashsum:: \n-0002d130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d140: 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b Compute or check\n-0002d150: 2068 6173 6820 6368 6563 6b73 756d 0a2a hash checksum.*\n-0002d160: 2068 656c 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 help:: \n-0002d170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 S\n-0002d180: 686f 7720 6865 6c70 206d 6573 7361 6765 how help message\n-0002d190: 730a 2a20 6865 7864 756d 703a 3a20 2020 s.* hexdump:: \n-0002d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d1b0: 2020 5368 6f77 2072 6177 2063 6f6e 7465 Show raw conte\n-0002d1c0: 6e74 7320 6f66 2061 2066 696c 6520 6f72 nts of a file or\n-0002d1d0: 206d 656d 6f72 790a 2a20 696e 736d 6f64 memory.* 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6c6f 6164 6564 2066 6f6e List loaded fon\n-0002d3e0: 7473 0a2a 206c 736d 6f64 3a3a 2020 2020 ts.* lsmod:: \n-0002d3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d400: 2020 2053 686f 7720 6c6f 6164 6564 206d Show loaded m\n-0002d410: 6f64 756c 6573 0a2a 206d 6435 7375 6d3a odules.* md5sum:\n-0002d420: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d430: 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f Compute o\n-0002d440: 7220 6368 6563 6b20 4d44 3520 6861 7368 r check MD5 hash\n-0002d450: 0a2a 206d 6f64 756c 653a 3a20 2020 2020 .* module:: \n-0002d460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d470: 204c 6f61 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 Load module for\n-0002d480: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 multiboot kerne\n-0002d490: 6c0a 2a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 743a 3a20 l.* multiboot:: \n-0002d4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d4b0: 2020 4c6f 6164 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 Load multiboot\n-0002d4c0: 2063 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 206b 6572 6e65 compliant kerne\n-0002d4d0: 6c0a 2a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 3a3a l.* nativedisk::\n-0002d4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d4f0: 2020 5377 6974 6368 2074 6f20 6e61 7469 Switch to nati\n-0002d500: 7665 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6572 730a ve disk drivers.\n-0002d510: 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * normal:: \n-0002d520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d530: 456e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 Enter normal mod\n-0002d540: 650a 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 743a e.* normal_exit:\n-0002d550: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d560: 2020 4578 6974 2066 726f 6d20 6e6f 726d Exit from norm\n-0002d570: 616c 206d 6f64 650a 2a20 7061 7274 746f al mode.* partto\n-0002d580: 6f6c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ol:: \n-0002d590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 6469 6679 2070 Modify p\n-0002d5a0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 artition table e\n-0002d5b0: 6e74 7269 6573 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 ntries.* passwor\n-0002d5c0: 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d:: \n-0002d5d0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 2063 6c65 Set a cle\n-0002d5e0: 6172 2d74 6578 7420 7061 7373 776f 7264 ar-text password\n-0002d5f0: 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 .* password_pbkd\n-0002d600: 6632 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f2:: \n-0002d610: 2053 6574 2061 2068 6173 6865 6420 7061 Set a hashed pa\n-0002d620: 7373 776f 7264 0a2a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f ssword.* plainmo\n-0002d630: 756e 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 unt:: \n-0002d640: 2020 2020 2020 204f 7065 6e20 6465 7669 Open devi\n-0002d650: 6365 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2069 6e20 ce encrypted in \n-0002d660: 706c 6169 6e20 6d6f 6465 0a2a 2070 6c61 plain mode.* pla\n-0002d670: 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 y:: \n-0002d680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6c61 7920 Play \n-0002d690: 6120 7475 6e65 0a2a 2070 726f 6265 3a3a a tune.* probe::\n+0002d100: 2020 5368 7574 2064 6f77 6e20 796f 7572 Shut down your\n+0002d110: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 720a 2a20 6861 7368 computer.* hash\n+0002d120: 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sum:: \n+0002d130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 Comput\n+0002d140: 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2068 6173 6820 e or check hash \n+0002d150: 6368 6563 6b73 756d 0a2a 2068 656c 703a checksum.* help:\n+0002d160: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 6865 Show he\n+0002d180: 6c70 206d 6573 7361 6765 730a 2a20 6865 lp messages.* he\n+0002d190: 7864 756d 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 xdump:: \n+0002d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5368 6f77 Show\n+0002d1b0: 2072 6177 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 raw contents of\n+0002d1c0: 2061 2066 696c 6520 6f72 206d 656d 6f72 a file or memor\n+0002d1d0: 790a 2a20 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a 2020 2020 y.* insmod:: \n+0002d1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d1f0: 2020 496e 7365 7274 2061 206d 6f64 756c Insert a modul\n+0002d200: 650a 2a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 733a 3a20 e.* keystatus:: \n+0002d210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d220: 2020 4368 6563 6b20 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 Check key modi\n+0002d230: 6669 6572 2073 7461 7475 730a 2a20 6c69 fier status.* li\n+0002d240: 7374 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 st_env:: \n+0002d250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 List\n+0002d260: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2069 6e20 656e variables in en\n+0002d270: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a vironment block.\n+0002d280: 2a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a * list_trusted::\n+0002d290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d2a0: 4c69 7374 2074 7275 7374 6564 2070 7562 List trusted pub\n+0002d2b0: 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 0a2a 206c 6f61 645f lic keys.* load_\n+0002d2c0: 656e 763a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 env:: \n+0002d2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7661 Load va\n+0002d2e0: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2065 6e76 riables from env\n+0002d2f0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 0a2a ironment block.*\n+0002d300: 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 743a 3a20 2020 2020 loadfont:: \n+0002d310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n+0002d320: 6f61 6420 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6573 0a2a oad font files.*\n+0002d330: 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b3a 3a20 2020 2020 loopback:: \n+0002d340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d M\n+0002d350: 616b 6520 6120 6465 7669 6365 2066 726f ake a device fro\n+0002d360: 6d20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 m a filesystem i\n+0002d370: 6d61 6765 0a2a 206c 733a 3a20 2020 2020 mage.* ls:: \n+0002d380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d390: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6465 7669 6365 List device\n+0002d3a0: 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 206c 7366 s or files.* lsf\n+0002d3b0: 6f6e 7473 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 onts:: \n+0002d3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 List \n+0002d3d0: 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 6f6e 7473 0a2a 206c loaded fonts.* l\n+0002d3e0: 736d 6f64 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 smod:: \n+0002d3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 686f Sho\n+0002d400: 7720 6c6f 6164 6564 206d 6f64 756c 6573 w loaded modules\n+0002d410: 0a2a 206d 6435 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 .* md5sum:: \n+0002d420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d430: 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 Compute or chec\n+0002d440: 6b20 4d44 3520 6861 7368 0a2a 206d 6f64 k MD5 hash.* mod\n+0002d450: 756c 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ule:: \n+0002d460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 Load \n+0002d470: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 module for multi\n+0002d480: 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2a20 6d75 boot kernel.* mu\n+0002d490: 6c74 6962 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ltiboot:: \n+0002d4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 Load\n+0002d4b0: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 706c multiboot compl\n+0002d4c0: 6961 6e74 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2a20 6e61 iant kernel.* na\n+0002d4d0: 7469 7665 6469 736b 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 tivedisk:: \n+0002d4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5377 6974 Swit\n+0002d4f0: 6368 2074 6f20 6e61 7469 7665 2064 6973 ch to native dis\n+0002d500: 6b20 6472 6976 6572 730a 2a20 6e6f 726d k drivers.* norm\n+0002d510: 616c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 al:: \n+0002d520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 Enter \n+0002d530: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 650a 2a20 6e6f normal mode.* no\n+0002d540: 726d 616c 5f65 7869 743a 3a20 2020 2020 rmal_exit:: \n+0002d550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4578 6974 Exit\n+0002d560: 2066 726f 6d20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 from normal mod\n+0002d570: 650a 2a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a3a 2020 e.* parttool:: \n+0002d580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d590: 2020 4d6f 6469 6679 2070 6172 7469 7469 Modify partiti\n+0002d5a0: 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 6573 on table entries\n+0002d5b0: 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a 3a20 2020 .* password:: \n+0002d5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d5d0: 2053 6574 2061 2063 6c65 6172 2d74 6578 Set a clear-tex\n+0002d5e0: 7420 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a2a 2070 6173 t password.* pas\n+0002d5f0: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2020 sword_pbkdf2:: \n+0002d600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2061 Set a\n+0002d610: 2068 6173 6865 6420 7061 7373 776f 7264 hashed password\n+0002d620: 0a2a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 3a20 .* plainmount:: \n+0002d630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d640: 204f 7065 6e20 6465 7669 6365 2065 6e63 Open device enc\n+0002d650: 7279 7074 6564 2069 6e20 706c 6169 6e20 rypted in plain \n+0002d660: 6d6f 6465 0a2a 2070 6c61 793a 3a20 2020 mode.* play:: \n+0002d670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d680: 2020 2020 2050 6c61 7920 6120 7475 6e65 Play a tune\n+0002d690: 0a2a 2070 726f 6265 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 .* probe:: \n 0002d6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 Retrieve \n-0002d6c0: 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f0a 2a20 7264 device info.* rd\n-0002d6d0: 6d73 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 msr:: \n-0002d6e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6164 Read\n-0002d6f0: 2076 616c 7565 7320 6672 6f6d 206d 6f64 values from mod\n-0002d700: 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 el-specific regi\n-0002d710: 7374 6572 730a 2a20 7265 6164 3a3a 2020 sters.* read:: \n+0002d6b0: 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 6465 7669 6365 Retrieve device\n+0002d6c0: 2069 6e66 6f0a 2a20 7264 6d73 723a 3a20 info.* rdmsr:: \n+0002d6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d6e0: 2020 2020 2020 5265 6164 2076 616c 7565 Read value\n+0002d6f0: 7320 6672 6f6d 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 s from model-spe\n+0002d700: 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 730a cific registers.\n+0002d710: 2a20 7265 6164 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * read:: \n 0002d720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d730: 2020 2020 2020 5265 6164 2075 7365 7220 Read user \n-0002d740: 696e 7075 740a 2a20 7265 626f 6f74 3a3a input.* reboot::\n+0002d730: 5265 6164 2075 7365 7220 696e 7075 740a Read user input.\n+0002d740: 2a20 7265 626f 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * reboot:: \n 0002d750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d760: 2020 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 Reboot you\n-0002d770: 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 0a2a 2072 6567 r computer.* reg\n-0002d780: 6578 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 exp:: \n-0002d790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 Test \n-0002d7a0: 6966 2072 6567 756c 6172 2065 7870 7265 if regular expre\n-0002d7b0: 7373 696f 6e20 6d61 7463 6865 7320 7374 ssion matches st\n-0002d7c0: 7269 6e67 0a2a 2072 6d6d 6f64 3a3a 2020 ring.* rmmod:: \n-0002d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d7e0: 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6d6f Remove a mo\n-0002d7f0: 6475 6c65 0a2a 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a dule.* save_env:\n-0002d800: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002d810: 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 7661 7269 6162 Save variab\n-0002d820: 6c65 7320 746f 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 les to environme\n-0002d830: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 0a2a 2073 6561 7263 nt block.* searc\n-0002d840: 683a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h:: \n-0002d850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 Search \n-0002d860: 6465 7669 6365 7320 6279 2066 696c 652c devices by file,\n-0002d870: 206c 6162 656c 2c20 6f72 2055 5549 440a label, or UUID.\n-0002d880: 2a20 7365 6e64 6b65 793a 3a20 2020 2020 * sendkey:: \n-0002d890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d8a0: 456d 756c 6174 6520 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b Emulate keystrok\n-0002d8b0: 6573 0a2a 2073 6574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 es.* set:: \n-0002d8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d8d0: 2020 2053 6574 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f Set an enviro\n-0002d8e0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a2a nment variable.*\n-0002d8f0: 2073 6861 3173 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 sha1sum:: \n-0002d900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 C\n-0002d910: 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 ompute or check \n-0002d920: 5348 4131 2068 6173 680a 2a20 7368 6132 SHA1 hash.* sha2\n-0002d930: 3536 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 56sum:: \n-0002d940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 Comput\n-0002d950: 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2053 4841 3235 e or check SHA25\n-0002d960: 3620 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 6861 3531 3273 6 hash.* sha512s\n-0002d970: 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um:: \n-0002d980: 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f Compute o\n-0002d990: 7220 6368 6563 6b20 5348 4135 3132 2068 r check SHA512 h\n-0002d9a0: 6173 680a 2a20 736c 6565 703a 3a20 2020 ash.* sleep:: \n-0002d9b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d9c0: 2020 2020 5761 6974 2066 6f72 2061 2073 Wait for a s\n-0002d9d0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 206e 756d 6265 7220 pecified number \n-0002d9e0: 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 0a2a 2073 6d62 of seconds.* smb\n-0002d9f0: 696f 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ios:: \n-0002da00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 Retri\n-0002da10: 6576 6520 534d 4249 4f53 2069 6e66 6f72 eve SMBIOS infor\n-0002da20: 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2073 6f75 7263 653a mation.* source:\n-0002da30: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0002da40: 2020 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 636f Read a co\n-0002da50: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-0002da60: 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 in same context\n-0002da70: 0a2a 2074 6573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* test:: \n-0002da80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002da90: 2043 6865 636b 2066 696c 6520 7479 7065 Check file type\n-0002daa0: 7320 616e 6420 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7661 s and compare va\n-0002dab0: 6c75 6573 0a2a 2074 7275 653a 3a20 2020 lues.* true:: \n-0002dac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002dad0: 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c Do nothing,\n-0002dae0: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 790a 2a20 successfully.* \n-0002daf0: 7472 7573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 trust:: \n-0002db00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 Ad\n-0002db10: 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2074 6f20 d public key to \n-0002db20: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7472 7573 7465 6420 list of trusted \n-0002db30: 6b65 7973 0a2a 2075 6e73 6574 3a3a 2020 keys.* unset:: \n-0002db40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002db50: 2020 2020 2055 6e73 6574 2061 6e20 656e Unset an en\n-0002db60: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-0002db70: 6c65 0a2a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 le.* verify_deta\n-0002db80: 6368 6564 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ched:: \n-0002db90: 2020 2056 6572 6966 7920 6465 7461 6368 Verify detach\n-0002dba0: 6564 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 ed digital signa\n-0002dbb0: 7475 7265 0a2a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f ture.* videoinfo\n-0002dbc0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002dbd0: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 List availa\n-0002dbe0: 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 730a ble video modes.\n-0002dbf0: 2a20 7772 6d73 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * wrmsr:: \n-0002dc00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002dc10: 5772 6974 6520 7661 6c75 6573 2074 6f20 Write values to \n-0002dc20: 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 model-specific r\n-0002dc30: 6567 6973 7465 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 egisters....File\n-0002dc40: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002dc50: 6465 3a20 5b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6163 de: [, Next: ac\n-0002dc60: 7069 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 pi, Up: Command\n-0002dc70: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0002dc80: 3137 2e34 2e31 205b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 17.4.1 [.-------\n-0002dc90: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002dca0: 5b20 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 205d 0a20 [ expression ]. \n-0002dcb0: 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 Alias for ..\n-0002dcc0: 9874 6573 7420 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e .test EXPRESSION\n-0002dcd0: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6573 743a ... (*note test:\n-0002dce0: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n-0002dcf0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2061 b.info, Node: a\n-0002dd00: 6370 692c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6175 7468 cpi, Next: auth\n-0002dd10: 656e 7469 6361 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a enticate, Prev:\n-0002dd20: 205b 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 [, Up: Command\n-0002dd30: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0002dd40: 3137 2e34 2e32 2061 6370 690a 2d2d 2d2d 17.4.2 acpi.----\n-0002dd50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0002dd60: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6163 7069 205b 2d31 7c2d mand: acpi [-1|-\n-0002dd70: 325d 205b 2d2d 6578 636c 7564 653d 7461 2] [--exclude=ta\n-0002dd80: 626c 6531 2c2e 2e2e 7c2d 2d6c 6f61 642d ble1,...|--load-\n-0002dd90: 6f6e 6c79 3d74 6162 6c65 312c 2e2e 2e5d only=table1,...]\n-0002dda0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 . [--oe\n-0002ddb0: 6d69 643d 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 mid=id] [--oemta\n-0002ddc0: 626c 653d 7461 626c 655d 205b 2d2d 6f65 ble=table] [--oe\n-0002ddd0: 6d74 6162 6c65 7265 763d 7265 765d 0a20 mtablerev=rev]. \n-0002dde0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 [--oemt\n-0002ddf0: 6162 6c65 6372 6561 746f 723d 6372 6561 ablecreator=crea\n-0002de00: 746f 725d 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 tor] [--oemtable\n-0002de10: 6372 6561 746f 7272 6576 3d72 6576 5d0a creatorrev=rev].\n-0002de20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d [--no-\n-0002de30: 6562 6461 5d20 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 202e ebda] filename .\n-0002de40: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 2042 ... Modern B\n-0002de50: 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 7320 6e6f 726d IOS systems norm\n-0002de60: 616c 6c79 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2074 ally implement t\n-0002de70: 6865 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 436f 6e66 he Advanced Conf\n-0002de80: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 iguration. a\n-0002de90: 6e64 2050 6f77 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 nd Power Interfa\n-0002dea0: 6365 2028 4143 5049 292c 2061 6e64 2064 ce (ACPI), and d\n-0002deb0: 6566 696e 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7461 efine various ta\n-0002dec0: 626c 6573 2074 6861 7420 6465 7363 7269 bles that descri\n-0002ded0: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 696e 7465 be. the inte\n-0002dee0: 7266 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 616e rface between an\n-0002def0: 2041 4350 492d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 ACPI-compliant \n-0002df00: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-0002df10: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 and the. fi\n-0002df20: 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 736f 6d65 rmware. In some\n-0002df30: 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 6520 7461 626c cases, the tabl\n-0002df40: 6573 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2064 es provided by d\n-0002df50: 6566 6175 6c74 206f 6e6c 7920 776f 726b efault only work\n-0002df60: 0a20 2020 2020 7765 6c6c 2077 6974 6820 . well with \n-0002df70: 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e certain operatin\n-0002df80: 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2069 g systems, and i\n-0002df90: 7420 6d61 7920 6265 206e 6563 6573 7361 t may be necessa\n-0002dfa0: 7279 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6570 6c61 ry to. repla\n-0002dfb0: 6365 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 6d2e ce some of them.\n-0002dfc0: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c .. Normally,\n-0002dfd0: 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 this command wi\n-0002dfe0: 6c6c 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2052 ll replace the R\n-0002dff0: 6f6f 7420 5379 7374 656d 2044 6573 6372 oot System Descr\n-0002e000: 6970 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 506f 696e iption. Poin\n-0002e010: 7465 7220 2852 5344 5029 2069 6e20 7468 ter (RSDP) in th\n-0002e020: 6520 4578 7465 6e64 6564 2042 494f 5320 e Extended BIOS \n-0002e030: 4461 7461 2041 7265 6120 746f 2070 6f69 Data Area to poi\n-0002e040: 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 770a 2020 nt to the new. \n-0002e050: 2020 2074 6162 6c65 732e 2020 4966 2074 tables. If t\n-0002e060: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 6264 61e2 he ...--no-ebda.\n-0002e070: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 .. option is use\n-0002e080: 642c 2074 6865 206e 6577 2074 6162 6c65 d, the new table\n-0002e090: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 206b s will be. k\n-0002e0a0: 6e6f 776e 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2047 5255 nown only to GRU\n-0002e0b0: 422c 2062 7574 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 B, but may be us\n-0002e0c0: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2773 2045 4649 ed by GRUB's EFI\n-0002e0d0: 2065 6d75 6c61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 emulation... \n-0002e0e0: 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d Note: The comm\n-0002e0f0: 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 and is not allow\n-0002e100: 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e ed when lockdown\n-0002e110: 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e is enforced (*n\n-0002e120: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 ote. Lockdow\n-0002e130: 6e3a 3a29 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 n::). Otherwise\n-0002e140: 2061 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 2063 616e an attacker can\n-0002e150: 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7420 7468 6520 4752 instruct the GR\n-0002e160: 5542 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 UB to load. \n-0002e170: 616e 2053 5344 5420 7461 626c 6520 746f an SSDT table to\n-0002e180: 206f 7665 7277 7269 7465 2074 6865 206b overwrite the k\n-0002e190: 6572 6e65 6c20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2063 ernel lockdown c\n-0002e1a0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 onfiguration and\n-0002e1b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7465 7220 6c6f 6164 . later load\n-0002e1c0: 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 2075 6e73 and execute uns\n-0002e1d0: 6967 6e65 6420 636f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 igned code.....F\n-0002e1e0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002e1f0: 204e 6f64 653a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 Node: authentic\n-0002e200: 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 636b ate, Next: back\n-0002e210: 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2c20 2050 ground_color, P\n-0002e220: 7265 763a 2061 6370 692c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: acpi, Up: \n-0002e230: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0002e240: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3320 6175 mands..17.4.3 au\n-0002e250: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d thenticate.-----\n-0002e260: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0002e270: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2061 7574 -- Command: aut\n-0002e280: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 6520 5b75 7365 726c henticate [userl\n-0002e290: 6973 745d 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 ist]. Check \n-0002e2a0: 7768 6574 6865 7220 7573 6572 2069 7320 whether user is \n-0002e2b0: 696e 2055 5345 524c 4953 5420 6f72 206c in USERLIST or l\n-0002e2c0: 6973 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2076 616c isted in the val\n-0002e2d0: 7565 206f 660a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 ue of. varia\n-0002e2e0: 626c 6520 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 ble ...superuser\n-0002e2f0: 73e2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 s.... See *note\n-0002e300: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 733a 3a20 666f superusers:: fo\n-0002e310: 7220 7661 6c69 6420 7573 6572 206c 6973 r valid user lis\n-0002e320: 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 t. format. \n-0002e330: 4966 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 If ...superusers\n-0002e340: e280 9920 6973 2065 6d70 7479 2c20 7468 ... is empty, th\n-0002e350: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 is command retur\n-0002e360: 6e73 2074 7275 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2a4e ns true.. *N\n-0002e370: 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a ote Security::..\n-0002e380: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002e390: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 fo, Node: backg\n-0002e3a0: 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 4e65 round_color, Ne\n-0002e3b0: 7874 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 xt: background_i\n-0002e3c0: 6d61 6765 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2061 7574 mage, Prev: aut\n-0002e3d0: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 5570 3a20 henticate, Up: \n-0002e3e0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0002e3f0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3420 6261 mands..17.4.4 ba\n-0002e400: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 0a2d ckground_color.-\n+0002d760: 5265 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 Reboot your comp\n+0002d770: 7574 6572 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 703a 3a20 uter.* regexp:: \n+0002d780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d790: 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 6966 2072 6567 Test if reg\n+0002d7a0: 756c 6172 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 ular expression \n+0002d7b0: 6d61 7463 6865 7320 7374 7269 6e67 0a2a matches string.*\n+0002d7c0: 2072 6d6d 6f64 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 rmmod:: \n+0002d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n+0002d7e0: 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2a emove a module.*\n+0002d7f0: 2073 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a20 2020 2020 save_env:: \n+0002d800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 S\n+0002d810: 6176 6520 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 746f ave variables to\n+0002d820: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n+0002d830: 636b 0a2a 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a20 2020 ck.* search:: \n+0002d840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d850: 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 6465 7669 6365 Search device\n+0002d860: 7320 6279 2066 696c 652c 206c 6162 656c s by file, label\n+0002d870: 2c20 6f72 2055 5549 440a 2a20 7365 6e64 , or UUID.* send\n+0002d880: 6b65 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 key:: \n+0002d890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456d 756c 6174 Emulat\n+0002d8a0: 6520 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 0a2a 2073 e keystrokes.* s\n+0002d8b0: 6574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 et:: \n+0002d8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 Set\n+0002d8d0: 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 an environment \n+0002d8e0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a2a 2073 6861 3173 variable.* sha1s\n+0002d8f0: 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um:: \n+0002d900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 Compute\n+0002d910: 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 5348 4131 2068 or check SHA1 h\n+0002d920: 6173 680a 2a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d3a ash.* sha256sum:\n+0002d930: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002d940: 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 Compute or c\n+0002d950: 6865 636b 2053 4841 3235 3620 6861 7368 heck SHA256 hash\n+0002d960: 0a2a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 3a3a 2020 .* sha512sum:: \n+0002d970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d980: 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 Compute or chec\n+0002d990: 6b20 5348 4135 3132 2068 6173 680a 2a20 k SHA512 hash.* \n+0002d9a0: 736c 6565 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 sleep:: \n+0002d9b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5761 Wa\n+0002d9c0: 6974 2066 6f72 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 it for a specifi\n+0002d9d0: 6564 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2073 6563 ed number of sec\n+0002d9e0: 6f6e 6473 0a2a 2073 6d62 696f 733a 3a20 onds.* smbios:: \n+0002d9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002da00: 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 534d Retrieve SM\n+0002da10: 4249 4f53 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e BIOS information\n+0002da20: 0a2a 2073 6f75 7263 653a 3a20 2020 2020 .* source:: \n+0002da30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002da40: 2052 6561 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Read a configur\n+0002da50: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 7361 ation file in sa\n+0002da60: 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a2a 2074 6573 me context.* tes\n+0002da70: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n+0002da80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b Check\n+0002da90: 2066 696c 6520 7479 7065 7320 616e 6420 file types and \n+0002daa0: 636f 6d70 6172 6520 7661 6c75 6573 0a2a compare values.*\n+0002dab0: 2074 7275 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 true:: \n+0002dac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 D\n+0002dad0: 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c 2073 7563 6365 o nothing, succe\n+0002dae0: 7373 6675 6c6c 790a 2a20 7472 7573 743a ssfully.* trust:\n+0002daf0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002db00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 7075 626c Add publ\n+0002db10: 6963 206b 6579 2074 6f20 6c69 7374 206f ic key to list o\n+0002db20: 6620 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 0a2a f trusted keys.*\n+0002db30: 2075 6e73 6574 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 unset:: \n+0002db40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 U\n+0002db50: 6e73 6574 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d nset an environm\n+0002db60: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a2a 2076 ent variable.* v\n+0002db70: 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a erify_detached::\n+0002db80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 Ver\n+0002db90: 6966 7920 6465 7461 6368 6564 2064 6967 ify detached dig\n+0002dba0: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 0a2a ital signature.*\n+0002dbb0: 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 3a3a 2020 2020 videoinfo:: \n+0002dbc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n+0002dbd0: 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 ist available vi\n+0002dbe0: 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 730a 2a20 7772 6d73 deo modes.* wrms\n+0002dbf0: 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r:: \n+0002dc00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5772 6974 6520 Write \n+0002dc10: 7661 6c75 6573 2074 6f20 6d6f 6465 6c2d values to model-\n+0002dc20: 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 specific registe\n+0002dc30: 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 rs....File: grub\n+0002dc40: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5b2c .info, Node: [,\n+0002dc50: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 2055 Next: acpi, U\n+0002dc60: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0002dc70: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 commands..17.4.1\n+0002dc80: 205b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d [.--------.. --\n+0002dc90: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 5b20 6578 7072 Command: [ expr\n+0002dca0: 6573 7369 6f6e 205d 0a20 2020 2020 416c ession ]. Al\n+0002dcb0: 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9874 6573 7420 ias for ...test \n+0002dcc0: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e e280 9920 282a EXPRESSION... (*\n+0002dcd0: 6e6f 7465 2074 6573 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f note test::)....\n+0002dce0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002dcf0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2061 6370 692c 2020 , Node: acpi, \n+0002dd00: 4e65 7874 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 Next: authentica\n+0002dd10: 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 205b 2c20 2055 te, Prev: [, U\n+0002dd20: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0002dd30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 commands..17.4.2\n+0002dd40: 2061 6370 690a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d acpi.----------\n+0002dd50: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0002dd60: 6163 7069 205b 2d31 7c2d 325d 205b 2d2d acpi [-1|-2] [--\n+0002dd70: 6578 636c 7564 653d 7461 626c 6531 2c2e exclude=table1,.\n+0002dd80: 2e2e 7c2d 2d6c 6f61 642d 6f6e 6c79 3d74 ..|--load-only=t\n+0002dd90: 6162 6c65 312c 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 able1,...]. \n+0002dda0: 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d69 643d 6964 [--oemid=id\n+0002ddb0: 5d20 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 653d 7461 ] [--oemtable=ta\n+0002ddc0: 626c 655d 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 ble] [--oemtable\n+0002ddd0: 7265 763d 7265 765d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 rev=rev]. \n+0002dde0: 2020 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 [--oemtablecr\n+0002ddf0: 6561 746f 723d 6372 6561 746f 725d 205b eator=creator] [\n+0002de00: 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 6372 6561 746f --oemtablecreato\n+0002de10: 7272 6576 3d72 6576 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 rrev=rev]. \n+0002de20: 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6562 6461 5d20 [--no-ebda] \n+0002de30: 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 filename .... \n+0002de40: 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 2042 494f 5320 7379 Modern BIOS sy\n+0002de50: 7374 656d 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2069 stems normally i\n+0002de60: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 2041 6476 mplement the Adv\n+0002de70: 616e 6365 6420 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 anced Configurat\n+0002de80: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2050 6f77 ion. and Pow\n+0002de90: 6572 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2028 4143 er Interface (AC\n+0002dea0: 5049 292c 2061 6e64 2064 6566 696e 6520 PI), and define \n+0002deb0: 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7461 626c 6573 2074 various tables t\n+0002dec0: 6861 7420 6465 7363 7269 6265 0a20 2020 hat describe. \n+0002ded0: 2020 7468 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 the interface \n+0002dee0: 6265 7477 6565 6e20 616e 2041 4350 492d between an ACPI-\n+0002def0: 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 6f70 6572 6174 compliant operat\n+0002df00: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 2074 ing system and t\n+0002df10: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 726d 7761 7265 he. firmware\n+0002df20: 2e20 2049 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 6573 . In some cases\n+0002df30: 2c20 7468 6520 7461 626c 6573 2070 726f , the tables pro\n+0002df40: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 vided by default\n+0002df50: 206f 6e6c 7920 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 only work. \n+0002df60: 7765 6c6c 2077 6974 6820 6365 7274 6169 well with certai\n+0002df70: 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 n operating syst\n+0002df80: 656d 732c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 6d61 7920 ems, and it may \n+0002df90: 6265 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f0a be necessary to.\n+0002dfa0: 2020 2020 2072 6570 6c61 6365 2073 6f6d replace som\n+0002dfb0: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 e of them... \n+0002dfc0: 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 2074 6869 7320 Normally, this \n+0002dfd0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2072 6570 command will rep\n+0002dfe0: 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2052 6f6f 7420 5379 lace the Root Sy\n+0002dff0: 7374 656d 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e stem Description\n+0002e000: 0a20 2020 2020 506f 696e 7465 7220 2852 . Pointer (R\n+0002e010: 5344 5029 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4578 7465 SDP) in the Exte\n+0002e020: 6e64 6564 2042 494f 5320 4461 7461 2041 nded BIOS Data A\n+0002e030: 7265 6120 746f 2070 6f69 6e74 2074 6f20 rea to point to \n+0002e040: 7468 6520 6e65 770a 2020 2020 2074 6162 the new. tab\n+0002e050: 6c65 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 les. If the ...\n+0002e060: 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 6264 61e2 8099 206f 7074 --no-ebda... opt\n+0002e070: 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 ion is used, the\n+0002e080: 206e 6577 2074 6162 6c65 7320 7769 6c6c new tables will\n+0002e090: 2062 650a 2020 2020 206b 6e6f 776e 206f be. known o\n+0002e0a0: 6e6c 7920 746f 2047 5255 422c 2062 7574 nly to GRUB, but\n+0002e0b0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 may be used by \n+0002e0c0: 4752 5542 2773 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 GRUB's EFI emula\n+0002e0d0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 tion... Note\n+0002e0e0: 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 : The command is\n+0002e0f0: 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 not allowed whe\n+0002e100: 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e n lockdown is en\n+0002e110: 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 forced (*note. \n+0002e120: 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 Lockdown::). \n+0002e130: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2061 6e20 6174 Otherwise an at\n+0002e140: 7461 636b 6572 2063 616e 2069 6e73 7472 tacker can instr\n+0002e150: 7563 7420 7468 6520 4752 5542 2074 6f20 uct the GRUB to \n+0002e160: 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 616e 2053 5344 load. an SSD\n+0002e170: 5420 7461 626c 6520 746f 206f 7665 7277 T table to overw\n+0002e180: 7269 7465 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 rite the kernel \n+0002e190: 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 lockdown configu\n+0002e1a0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 ration and. \n+0002e1b0: 6c61 7465 7220 6c6f 6164 2061 6e64 2065 later load and e\n+0002e1c0: 7865 6375 7465 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 xecute unsigned \n+0002e1d0: 636f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 code.....File: g\n+0002e1e0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002e1f0: 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 authenticate, \n+0002e200: 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 Next: background\n+0002e210: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2061 _color, Prev: a\n+0002e220: 6370 692c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e cpi, Up: Comman\n+0002e230: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+0002e240: 0a31 372e 342e 3320 6175 7468 656e 7469 .17.4.3 authenti\n+0002e250: 6361 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cate.-----------\n+0002e260: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002e270: 6d6d 616e 643a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 mmand: authentic\n+0002e280: 6174 6520 5b75 7365 726c 6973 745d 0a20 ate [userlist]. \n+0002e290: 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 Check whethe\n+0002e2a0: 7220 7573 6572 2069 7320 696e 2055 5345 r user is in USE\n+0002e2b0: 524c 4953 5420 6f72 206c 6973 7465 6420 RLIST or listed \n+0002e2c0: 696e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a in the value of.\n+0002e2d0: 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 variable ..\n+0002e2e0: 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2e20 .superusers.... \n+0002e2f0: 2053 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 2073 7570 6572 See *note super\n+0002e300: 7573 6572 733a 3a20 666f 7220 7661 6c69 users:: for vali\n+0002e310: 6420 7573 6572 206c 6973 740a 2020 2020 d user list. \n+0002e320: 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 format. If ...\n+0002e330: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 9920 6973 superusers... is\n+0002e340: 2065 6d70 7479 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d empty, this com\n+0002e350: 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2074 7275 mand returns tru\n+0002e360: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 e.. *Note Se\n+0002e370: 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c curity::.....Fil\n+0002e380: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002e390: 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f ode: background_\n+0002e3a0: 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 color, Next: ba\n+0002e3b0: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 2c20 ckground_image, \n+0002e3c0: 2050 7265 763a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 Prev: authentic\n+0002e3d0: 6174 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ate, Up: Comman\n+0002e3e0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+0002e3f0: 0a31 372e 342e 3420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 .17.4.4 backgrou\n+0002e400: 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nd_color.-------\n 0002e410: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002e420: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002e430: 616e 643a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f and: background_\n-0002e440: 636f 6c6f 7220 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 color color. \n-0002e450: 2053 6574 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 Set background \n-0002e460: 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 color for active\n-0002e470: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 466f 7220 terminal. For \n-0002e480: 7661 6c69 6420 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 valid color. \n-0002e490: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 specifications \n-0002e4a0: 7365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6c6f 7273 see *note Colors\n-0002e4b0: 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 : Theme file for\n-0002e4c0: 6d61 742e 2020 4261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 mat. Background\n-0002e4d0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c6f 7220 6361 6e20 . color can \n-0002e4e0: 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 be changed only \n-0002e4f0: 7768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 when using ...gf\n-0002e500: 7874 6572 6de2 8099 2066 6f72 2074 6572 xterm... for ter\n-0002e510: 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a20 minal output... \n-0002e520: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 This command\n-0002e530: 2073 6574 7320 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 2065 sets color of e\n-0002e540: 6d70 7479 2061 7265 6173 2077 6974 686f mpty areas witho\n-0002e550: 7574 2074 6578 742e 2020 5465 7874 0a20 ut text. Text. \n-0002e560: 2020 2020 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 background c\n-0002e570: 6f6c 6f72 2069 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c olor is controll\n-0002e580: 6564 2062 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ed by environmen\n-0002e590: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 2020 2020 t variables. \n-0002e5a0: 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c 2043 COLOR_NORMAL, C\n-0002e5b0: 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 2c20 OLOR_HIGHLIGHT, \n-0002e5c0: 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 MENU_COLOR_NORMA\n-0002e5d0: 4c2c 0a20 2020 2020 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c L,. MENU_COL\n-0002e5e0: 4f52 5f48 4947 484c 4947 4854 2e20 202a OR_HIGHLIGHT. *\n-0002e5f0: 4e6f 7465 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Note Special env\n-0002e600: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-0002e610: 6573 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 es::.....File: g\n-0002e620: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002e630: 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 background_imag\n-0002e640: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6261 6472 616d e, Next: badram\n-0002e650: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6163 6b67 726f , Prev: backgro\n-0002e660: 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 und_color, Up: \n-0002e670: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0002e680: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3520 6261 mands..17.4.5 ba\n-0002e690: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 0a2d ckground_image.-\n+0002e420: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 .. -- Command: b\n+0002e430: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 7220 ackground_color \n+0002e440: 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2062 color. Set b\n+0002e450: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 ackground color \n+0002e460: 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 for active termi\n+0002e470: 6e61 6c2e 2020 466f 7220 7661 6c69 6420 nal. For valid \n+0002e480: 636f 6c6f 720a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 color. speci\n+0002e490: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 7365 6520 2a6e fications see *n\n+0002e4a0: 6f74 6520 436f 6c6f 7273 3a20 5468 656d ote Colors: Them\n+0002e4b0: 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 e file format. \n+0002e4c0: 4261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 Background. \n+0002e4d0: 636f 6c6f 7220 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6861 color can be cha\n+0002e4e0: 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2075 nged only when u\n+0002e4f0: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 sing ...gfxterm.\n+0002e500: 8099 2066 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 .. for terminal \n+0002e510: 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 output... Th\n+0002e520: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 6574 7320 is command sets \n+0002e530: 636f 6c6f 7220 6f66 2065 6d70 7479 2061 color of empty a\n+0002e540: 7265 6173 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6578 reas without tex\n+0002e550: 742e 2020 5465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 6261 t. Text. ba\n+0002e560: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2069 ckground color i\n+0002e570: 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 s controlled by \n+0002e580: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+0002e590: 6162 6c65 730a 2020 2020 2043 4f4c 4f52 ables. COLOR\n+0002e5a0: 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c 2043 4f4c 4f52 5f48 _NORMAL, COLOR_H\n+0002e5b0: 4947 484c 4947 4854 2c20 4d45 4e55 5f43 IGHLIGHT, MENU_C\n+0002e5c0: 4f4c 4f52 5f4e 4f52 4d41 4c2c 0a20 2020 OLOR_NORMAL,. \n+0002e5d0: 2020 4d45 4e55 5f43 4f4c 4f52 5f48 4947 MENU_COLOR_HIG\n+0002e5e0: 484c 4947 4854 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 HLIGHT. *Note S\n+0002e5f0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+0002e600: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 3a3a 2e0a nt variables::..\n+0002e610: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002e620: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6163 6b67 fo, Node: backg\n+0002e630: 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 4e65 round_image, Ne\n+0002e640: 7874 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 2050 7265 xt: badram, Pre\n+0002e650: 763a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f v: background_co\n+0002e660: 6c6f 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e lor, Up: Comman\n+0002e670: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+0002e680: 0a31 372e 342e 3520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 .17.4.5 backgrou\n+0002e690: 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nd_image.-------\n 0002e6a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002e6b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002e6c0: 616e 643a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f and: background_\n-0002e6d0: 696d 6167 6520 5b5b 2d2d 6d6f 6465 2073 image [[--mode s\n-0002e6e0: 7472 6574 6368 7c6e 6f72 6d61 6c5d 2066 tretch|normal] f\n-0002e6f0: 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2062 ile]. Load b\n-0002e700: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 696d 6167 6520 ackground image \n-0002e710: 666f 7220 6163 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 for active termi\n-0002e720: 6e61 6c20 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 nal from FILE. \n-0002e730: 496d 6167 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7374 Image is. st\n-0002e740: 7265 7463 6865 6420 746f 2066 696c 6c20 retched to fill \n-0002e750: 7570 2065 6e74 6972 6520 7363 7265 656e up entire screen\n-0002e760: 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 unless option .\n-0002e770: 8098 2d2d 6d6f 6465 e280 9920 e280 986e ..--mode... ...n\n-0002e780: 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6973 ormal.... is\n-0002e790: 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2057 6974 686f 7574 given. Without\n-0002e7a0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 arguments remov\n-0002e7b0: 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6c6f 6164 e currently load\n-0002e7c0: 6564 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 640a 2020 ed background. \n-0002e7d0: 2020 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2042 6163 6b67 image. Backg\n-0002e7e0: 726f 756e 6420 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 round image can \n-0002e7f0: 6265 2063 6861 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 be changed only \n-0002e800: 7768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 when using ...gf\n-0002e810: 7874 6572 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 666f xterm.... fo\n-0002e820: 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 r terminal outpu\n-0002e830: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n-0002e840: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 .info, Node: ba\n-0002e850: 6472 616d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6c6f dram, Next: blo\n-0002e860: 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 cklist, Prev: b\n-0002e870: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c ackground_image,\n-0002e880: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0002e890: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-0002e8a0: 342e 3620 6261 6472 616d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.6 badram.-----\n-0002e8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002e8c0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6164 7261 6d20 6164 mmand: badram ad\n-0002e8d0: 6472 2c6d 6173 6b5b 2c61 6464 722c 6d61 dr,mask[,addr,ma\n-0002e8e0: 736b 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4669 6c74 sk...]. Filt\n-0002e8f0: 6572 206f 7574 2062 6164 2052 414d 2e0a er out bad RAM..\n-0002e900: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n-0002e910: 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 nd notifies the \n-0002e920: 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 6572 2074 memory manager t\n-0002e930: 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 hat specified re\n-0002e940: 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 5241 gions of. RA\n-0002e950: 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 6520 6669 M ought to be fi\n-0002e960: 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 2028 7573 7561 ltered out (usua\n-0002e970: 6c6c 792c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 lly, because the\n-0002e980: 7927 7265 2064 616d 6167 6564 292e 0a20 y're damaged).. \n-0002e990: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2072 656d 6169 6e73 This remains\n-0002e9a0: 2069 6e20 6566 6665 6374 2061 6674 6572 in effect after\n-0002e9b0: 2061 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 a payload kerne\n-0002e9c0: 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 l has been loade\n-0002e9d0: 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2c20 d by. GRUB, \n-0002e9e0: 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 206c as long as the l\n-0002e9f0: 6f61 6465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6274 oaded kernel obt\n-0002ea00: 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 7920 ains its memory \n-0002ea10: 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 4752 map from. GR\n-0002ea20: 5542 2e20 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 UB. Kernels tha\n-0002ea30: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 6973 2069 t support this i\n-0002ea40: 6e63 6c75 6465 204c 696e 7578 2c20 474e nclude Linux, GN\n-0002ea50: 5520 4d61 6368 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 U Mach, the. \n-0002ea60: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 kernel of FreeB\n-0002ea70: 5344 2061 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 SD and Multiboot\n-0002ea80: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2069 6e20 6765 6e65 kernels in gene\n-0002ea90: 7261 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 796e 7461 ral... Synta\n-0002eaa0: 7820 6973 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 x is the same as\n-0002eab0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 provided by the\n-0002eac0: 204d 656d 7465 7374 3836 2b20 7574 696c Memtest86+ util\n-0002ead0: 6974 790a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 3a2f ity. (http:/\n-0002eae0: 2f77 7777 2e6d 656d 7465 7374 2e6f 7267 /www.memtest.org\n-0002eaf0: 2f29 3a20 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6164 /): a list of ad\n-0002eb00: 6472 6573 732f 6d61 736b 2070 6169 7273 dress/mask pairs\n-0002eb10: 2e20 2047 6976 656e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 . Given a. \n-0002eb20: 7061 6765 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 2061 6464 page-aligned add\n-0002eb30: 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2061 2062 6173 6520 ress and a base \n-0002eb40: 6164 6472 6573 7320 2f20 6d61 736b 2070 address / mask p\n-0002eb50: 6169 722c 2069 6620 616c 6c20 7468 650a air, if all the.\n-0002eb60: 2020 2020 2062 6974 7320 6f66 2074 6865 bits of the\n-0002eb70: 2070 6167 652d 616c 6967 6e65 6420 6164 page-aligned ad\n-0002eb80: 6472 6573 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 2065 dress that are e\n-0002eb90: 6e61 626c 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6d61 nabled by the ma\n-0002eba0: 736b 206d 6174 6368 0a20 2020 2020 7769 sk match. wi\n-0002ebb0: 7468 2074 6865 2062 6173 6520 6164 6472 th the base addr\n-0002ebc0: 6573 732c 2069 7420 6d65 616e 7320 7468 ess, it means th\n-0002ebd0: 6973 2070 6167 6520 6973 2074 6f20 6265 is page is to be\n-0002ebe0: 2066 696c 7465 7265 642e 2020 5468 6973 filtered. This\n-0002ebf0: 0a20 2020 2020 7379 6e74 6178 206d 616b . syntax mak\n-0002ec00: 6573 2069 7420 6561 7379 2074 6f20 7265 es it easy to re\n-0002ec10: 7072 6573 656e 7420 7061 7474 6572 6e73 present patterns\n-0002ec20: 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 that are often \n-0002ec30: 7265 7375 6c74 206f 660a 2020 2020 206d result of. m\n-0002ec40: 656d 6f72 7920 6461 6d61 6765 2c20 6475 emory damage, du\n-0002ec50: 6520 746f 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6469 e to physical di\n-0002ec60: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6d65 stribution of me\n-0002ec70: 6d6f 7279 2063 656c 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 mory cells... \n-0002ec80: 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 The command is\n-0002ec90: 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 e280 9863 similar to ...c\n-0002eca0: 7574 6d65 6de2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 utmem... command\n-0002ecb0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 ... Note: Th\n-0002ecc0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 e command is not\n-0002ecd0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f allowed when lo\n-0002ece0: 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 ckdown is enforc\n-0002ecf0: 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c ed (*note. L\n-0002ed00: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 ockdown::). Thi\n-0002ed10: 7320 7072 6576 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 s prevents remov\n-0002ed20: 696e 6720 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 ing EFI memory r\n-0002ed30: 6567 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2070 egions to. p\n-0002ed40: 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2073 7562 7665 otentially subve\n-0002ed50: 7274 2074 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 rt the security \n-0002ed60: 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2070 726f 7669 mechanisms provi\n-0002ed70: 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a ded by the UEFI.\n-0002ed80: 2020 2020 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 secure boot\n-0002ed90: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002eda0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6c6f info, Node: blo\n-0002edb0: 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 cklist, Next: b\n-0002edc0: 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6261 6472 oot, Prev: badr\n-0002edd0: 616d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 am, Up: Command\n-0002ede0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0002edf0: 3137 2e34 2e37 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 17.4.7 blocklist\n-0002ee00: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0002ee10: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002ee20: 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 6669 6c65 0a20 blocklist file. \n-0002ee30: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 626c 6f63 Print a bloc\n-0002ee40: 6b20 6c69 7374 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c k list (*note Bl\n-0002ee50: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a ock list syntax:\n-0002ee60: 3a29 2066 6f72 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a :) for FILE.....\n-0002ee70: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002ee80: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 204e Node: boot, N\n-0002ee90: 6578 743a 2063 6174 2c20 2050 7265 763a ext: cat, Prev:\n-0002eea0: 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2c20 2055 703a blocklist, Up:\n-0002eeb0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-0002eec0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e38 2062 mmands..17.4.8 b\n-0002eed0: 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a oot.-----------.\n-0002eee0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 626f . -- Command: bo\n-0002eef0: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 ot. Boot the\n-0002ef00: 204f 5320 6f72 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 OS or chain-loa\n-0002ef10: 6465 7220 7768 6963 6820 6861 7320 6265 der which has be\n-0002ef20: 656e 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 4f6e 6c79 en loaded. Only\n-0002ef30: 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 0a20 2020 2020 necessary. \n-0002ef40: 6966 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2066 if running the f\n-0002ef50: 756c 6c79 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 ully interactive\n-0002ef60: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 2869 command-line (i\n-0002ef70: 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 7420 6174 t is implicit at\n-0002ef80: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 . the end of\n-0002ef90: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7929 2e0a a menu entry)..\n-0002efa0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002efb0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6174 2c20 fo, Node: cat, \n-0002efc0: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 2050 Next: clear, P\n-0002efd0: 7265 763a 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: boot, Up: \n-0002efe0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0002eff0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3920 6361 mands..17.4.9 ca\n-0002f000: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d t.----------.. -\n-0002f010: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6174 205b - Command: cat [\n-0002f020: 2d2d 646f 735d 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 --dos] file. \n-0002f030: 2044 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2063 6f6e Display the con\n-0002f040: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c tents of the fil\n-0002f050: 6520 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f e FILE. This co\n-0002f060: 6d6d 616e 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 mmand may be use\n-0002f070: 6675 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7265 6d69 ful. to remi\n-0002f080: 6e64 2079 6f75 206f 6620 796f 7572 204f nd you of your O\n-0002f090: 5327 7320 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 S's root partiti\n-0002f0a0: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 on:.. g\n-0002f0b0: 7275 623e 2063 6174 202f 6574 632f 6673 rub> cat /etc/fs\n-0002f0c0: 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 tab.. If the\n-0002f0d0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 646f 73e2 8099 206f 7074 ...--dos... opt\n-0002f0e0: 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 ion is used, the\n-0002f0f0: 6e20 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 n carriage retur\n-0002f100: 6e20 2f20 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a20 2020 n / new line. \n-0002f110: 2020 7061 6972 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 pairs will be \n-0002f120: 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6173 2061 2073 displayed as a s\n-0002f130: 696d 706c 6520 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 imple new line. \n-0002f140: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 650a Otherwise, the.\n-0002f150: 2020 2020 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 carriage re\n-0002f160: 7475 726e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 turn will be dis\n-0002f170: 706c 6179 6564 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e74 played as a cont\n-0002f180: 726f 6c20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 28e2 rol character (.\n-0002f190: 8098 3c64 3ee2 8099 2920 746f 0a20 2020 .....) to. \n-0002f1a0: 2020 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 make it easier\n-0002f1b0: 2074 6f20 7365 6520 7768 656e 2062 6f6f to see when boo\n-0002f1c0: 7420 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2061 7265 2063 t problems are c\n-0002f1d0: 6175 7365 6420 6279 2061 2066 696c 650a aused by a file.\n-0002f1e0: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2075 formatted u\n-0002f1f0: 7369 6e67 2044 4f53 2d73 7479 6c65 206c sing DOS-style l\n-0002f200: 696e 6520 656e 6469 6e67 732e 0a0a 2020 ine endings... \n-0002f210: 2020 204e 6f74 653a 20e2 8098 6361 74e2 Note: ...cat.\n-0002f220: 8099 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 .. can be used t\n-0002f230: 6f20 7669 6577 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 o view the conte\n-0002f240: 6e74 7320 6f66 2064 6576 6963 6573 2075 nts of devices u\n-0002f250: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 626c sing the. bl\n-0002f260: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 7820 ock list syntax \n-0002f270: 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 (*note Block lis\n-0002f280: 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 486f t syntax::). Ho\n-0002f290: 7765 7665 722c 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 wever, it is not\n-0002f2a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6164 7669 7365 6420 746f . advised to\n-0002f2b0: 2076 6965 7720 6269 6e61 7279 2064 6174 view binary dat\n-0002f2c0: 6120 6265 6361 7573 6520 6974 2077 696c a because it wil\n-0002f2d0: 6c20 7472 7920 746f 2064 6563 6f64 6520 l try to decode \n-0002f2e0: 5554 462d 380a 2020 2020 2073 7472 696e UTF-8. strin\n-0002f2f0: 6773 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6c65 gs, which can le\n-0002f300: 6164 2074 6f20 736f 6d65 2062 7974 6573 ad to some bytes\n-0002f310: 206d 6973 7369 6e67 206f 7220 6164 6465 missing or adde\n-0002f320: 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f75 d in the. ou\n-0002f330: 7470 7574 2e20 2049 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 tput. Instead, \n-0002f340: 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 9868 6578 6475 use the ...hexdu\n-0002f350: 6d70 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a mp... command (*\n-0002f360: 6e6f 7465 2068 6578 6475 6d70 3a3a 292e note hexdump::).\n-0002f370: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002f380: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636c 6561 nfo, Node: clea\n-0002f390: 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 636c r, Next: cmoscl\n-0002f3a0: 6561 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6361 742c ean, Prev: cat,\n-0002f3b0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0002f3c0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-0002f3d0: 342e 3130 2063 6c65 6172 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.10 clear.-----\n-0002f3e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002f3f0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6c65 6172 0a20 2020 mmand: clear. \n-0002f400: 2020 436c 6561 7220 7468 6520 7363 7265 Clear the scre\n-0002f410: 656e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 en.....File: gru\n-0002f420: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n-0002f430: 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2c20 204e 6578 743a mosclean, Next:\n-0002f440: 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 5072 6576 cmosdump, Prev\n-0002f450: 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f : clear, Up: Co\n-0002f460: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0002f470: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3131 2063 6d6f nds..17.4.11 cmo\n-0002f480: 7363 6c65 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sclean.---------\n-0002f490: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002f4a0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e mmand: cmosclean\n-0002f4b0: 2062 7974 653a 6269 740a 2020 2020 2043 byte:bit. C\n-0002f4c0: 6c65 6172 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 lear value of bi\n-0002f4d0: 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 t in CMOS at loc\n-0002f4e0: 6174 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 ation BYTE:BIT. \n-0002f4f0: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 This command is\n-0002f500: 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 . available \n-0002f510: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d only on platform\n-0002f520: 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 s that support C\n-0002f530: 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 MOS.....File: gr\n-0002f540: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002f550: 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a cmosdump, Next:\n-0002f560: 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 cmostest, Prev\n-0002f570: 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5570 : cmosclean, Up\n-0002f580: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002f590: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3132 ommands..17.4.12\n-0002f5a0: 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cmosdump.------\n-0002f5b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002f5c0: 4475 6d70 3a20 434d 4f53 2063 6f6e 7465 Dump: CMOS conte\n-0002f5d0: 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2044 756d 7020 6675 nts. Dump fu\n-0002f5e0: 6c6c 2043 4d4f 5320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 ll CMOS contents\n-0002f5f0: 2061 7320 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 as hexadecimal \n-0002f600: 7661 6c75 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f values. This co\n-0002f610: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6176 mmand is. av\n-0002f620: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 ailable only on \n-0002f630: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 platforms that s\n-0002f640: 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a upport CMOS.....\n-0002f650: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002f660: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 Node: cmostest\n-0002f670: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d70 2c20 2050 , Next: cmp, P\n-0002f680: 7265 763a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 rev: cmosdump, \n-0002f690: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002f6a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002f6b0: 3133 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 13 cmostest.----\n-0002f6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002f6d0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7374 - Command: cmost\n-0002f6e0: 6573 7420 6279 7465 3a62 6974 0a20 2020 est byte:bit. \n-0002f6f0: 2020 5465 7374 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 Test value of \n-0002f700: 6269 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c bit in CMOS at l\n-0002f710: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 ocation BYTE:BIT\n-0002f720: 2e20 2045 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 . Exit status i\n-0002f730: 730a 2020 2020 207a 6572 6f20 6966 2062 s. zero if b\n-0002f740: 6974 2069 7320 7365 742c 206e 6f6e 207a it is set, non z\n-0002f750: 6572 6f20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652e 2020 ero otherwise. \n-0002f760: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 This command is \n-0002f770: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 650a 2020 2020 206f available. o\n-0002f780: 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 nly on platforms\n-0002f790: 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d that support CM\n-0002f7a0: 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 OS.....File: gru\n-0002f7b0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n-0002f7c0: 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 mp, Next: confi\n-0002f7d0: 6766 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d gfile, Prev: cm\n-0002f7e0: 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d ostest, Up: Com\n-0002f7f0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0002f800: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3420 636d 700a ds..17.4.14 cmp.\n-0002f810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0002f820: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636d 7020 5b2d Command: cmp [-\n-0002f830: 765d 2066 696c 6531 2066 696c 6532 0a20 v] file1 file2. \n-0002f840: 2020 2020 436f 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6520 Compare the \n-0002f850: 6669 6c65 2046 494c 4531 2077 6974 6820 file FILE1 with \n-0002f860: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c 4532 2e20 the file FILE2. \n-0002f870: 2049 6620 7468 6579 2061 7265 2063 6f6d If they are com\n-0002f880: 706c 6574 656c 790a 2020 2020 2069 6465 pletely. ide\n-0002f890: 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 ntical, ...$?...\n-0002f8a0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 will be set to \n-0002f8b0: 302e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2069 0. Otherwise, i\n-0002f8c0: 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 f the files are \n-0002f8d0: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6963 not. identic\n-0002f8e0: 616c 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2077 696c al, ...$?... wil\n-0002f8f0: 6c20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f l be set to a no\n-0002f900: 6e7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 2020 nzero value... \n-0002f910: 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6e6f By default no\n-0002f920: 7468 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6f75 thing will be ou\n-0002f930: 7470 7574 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 tput. If the ..\n-0002f940: 982d 76e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 .-v... is used, \n-0002f950: 7665 7262 6f73 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 verbose. mod\n-0002f960: 6520 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2049 e is enabled. I\n-0002f970: 6e20 7468 6973 206d 6f64 6520 7768 656e n this mode when\n-0002f980: 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 when the files \n-0002f990: 6469 6666 6572 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2c0a differ in size,.\n-0002f9a0: 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2073 print the s\n-0002f9b0: 697a 6573 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a izes like this:.\n-0002f9c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6966 6665 . Diffe\n-0002f9d0: 7220 696e 2073 697a 653a 2030 7831 3233 r in size: 0x123\n-0002f9e0: 3420 5b66 6f6f 5d2c 2030 7834 3332 3120 4 [foo], 0x4321 \n-0002f9f0: 5b62 6172 5d0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 [bar].. If t\n-0002fa00: 6865 2073 697a 6573 2061 7265 2065 7175 he sizes are equ\n-0002fa10: 616c 2062 7574 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 al but the bytes\n-0002fa20: 2061 7420 616e 206f 6666 7365 7420 6469 at an offset di\n-0002fa30: 6666 6572 2c20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 ffer, then. \n-0002fa40: 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 6279 7465 7320 print the bytes \n-0002fa50: 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 like this:.. \n-0002fa60: 2020 2020 2020 4469 6666 6572 2061 7420 Differ at \n-0002fa70: 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 2037 3737 3a20 the offset 777: \n-0002fa80: 3078 6265 205b 666f 6f5d 2c20 3078 6566 0xbe [foo], 0xef\n-0002fa90: 205b 6261 725d 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 [bar]....File: \n-0002faa0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002fab0: 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 204e : configfile, N\n-0002fac0: 6578 743a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 2050 7265 ext: cpuid, Pre\n-0002fad0: 763a 2063 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d v: cmp, Up: Com\n-0002fae0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0002faf0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3520 636f 6e66 ds..17.4.15 conf\n-0002fb00: 6967 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d igfile.---------\n-0002fb10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0002fb20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 ommand: configfi\n-0002fb30: 6c65 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 le file. Loa\n-0002fb40: 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e66 d FILE as a conf\n-0002fb50: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 iguration file. \n-0002fb60: 2049 6620 4649 4c45 2064 6566 696e 6573 If FILE defines\n-0002fb70: 2061 6e79 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 any menu. e\n-0002fb80: 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 7468 656e 2073 686f ntries, then sho\n-0002fb90: 7720 6120 6d65 6e75 2063 6f6e 7461 696e w a menu contain\n-0002fba0: 696e 6720 7468 656d 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 ing them immedia\n-0002fbb0: 7465 6c79 2e20 2041 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 tely. Any. \n-0002fbc0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-0002fbd0: 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 206d 6164 able changes mad\n-0002fbe0: 6520 6279 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 e by the command\n-0002fbf0: 7320 696e 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c 206e s in FILE will n\n-0002fc00: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2070 7265 7365 ot. be prese\n-0002fc10: 7276 6564 2061 6674 6572 20e2 8098 636f rved after ...co\n-0002fc20: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 7265 7475 nfigfile... retu\n-0002fc30: 726e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 rns.....File: gr\n-0002fc40: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002fc50: 6370 7569 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6372 cpuid, Next: cr\n-0002fc60: 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 c, Prev: config\n-0002fc70: 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 file, Up: Comma\n-0002fc80: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0002fc90: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3620 6370 7569 640a ..17.4.16 cpuid.\n-0002fca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0002fcb0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6370 7569 -- Command: cpui\n-0002fcc0: 6420 5b2d 6c5d 205b 2d70 5d0a 2020 2020 d [-l] [-p]. \n-0002fcd0: 2043 6865 636b 2066 6f72 2043 5055 2066 Check for CPU f\n-0002fce0: 6561 7475 7265 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 eatures. This c\n-0002fcf0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 ommand is only a\n-0002fd00: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 360a vailable on x86.\n-0002fd10: 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 systems... \n-0002fd20: 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 With the ...\n-0002fd30: 2d6c e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 -l... option, re\n-0002fd40: 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 2074 6865 turn true if the\n-0002fd50: 2043 5055 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6c6f CPU supports lo\n-0002fd60: 6e67 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2028 3634 ng mode. (64\n-0002fd70: 2d62 6974 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 -bit)... Wit\n-0002fd80: 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 70e2 8099 206f h the ...-p... o\n-0002fd90: 7074 696f 6e2c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7472 ption, return tr\n-0002fda0: 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 4350 5520 7375 ue if the CPU su\n-0002fdb0: 7070 6f72 7473 2050 6879 7369 6361 6c0a pports Physical.\n-0002fdc0: 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 2045 7874 Address Ext\n-0002fdd0: 656e 7369 6f6e 2028 5041 4529 2e0a 0a20 ension (PAE)... \n-0002fde0: 2020 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 If invoked w\n-0002fdf0: 6974 686f 7574 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 ithout options, \n-0002fe00: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 7572 this command cur\n-0002fe10: 7265 6e74 6c79 2062 6568 6176 6573 2061 rently behaves a\n-0002fe20: 7320 6966 2069 740a 2020 2020 2068 6164 s if it. had\n-0002fe30: 2062 6565 6e20 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 been invoked wi\n-0002fe40: 7468 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 992e 2020 5468 th ...-l.... Th\n-0002fe50: 6973 206d 6179 2063 6861 6e67 6520 696e is may change in\n-0002fe60: 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 1f0a the future.....\n-0002fe70: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002fe80: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 632c 2020 4e65 Node: crc, Ne\n-0002fe90: 7874 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c xt: cryptomount,\n-0002fea0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 Prev: cpuid, \n-0002feb0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002fec0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002fed0: 3137 2063 7263 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 17 crc.---------\n-0002fee0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002fef0: 2063 7263 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 crc arg .... \n-0002ff00: 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 Alias for ...h\n-0002ff10: 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6372 ashsum --hash cr\n-0002ff20: 6333 3220 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 c32 arg ....... \n-0002ff30: 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 See command ...\n-0002ff40: 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 hashsum.... \n-0002ff50: 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a (*note hashsum::\n-0002ff60: 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 ) for full descr\n-0002ff70: 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a iption.....File:\n-0002ff80: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0002ff90: 653a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 e: cryptomount, \n-0002ffa0: 204e 6578 743a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 Next: cutmem, \n-0002ffb0: 5072 6576 3a20 6372 632c 2020 5570 3a20 Prev: crc, Up: \n-0002ffc0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0002ffd0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3138 2063 mands..17.4.18 c\n-0002ffe0: 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ryptomount.-----\n-0002fff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00030000: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7279 -- Command: cry\n-00030010: 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 205b 205b 2d70 2070 ptomount [ [-p p\n-00030020: 6173 7377 6f72 645d 207c 205b 2d6b 206b assword] | [-k k\n-00030030: 6579 6669 6c65 205b 2d4f 206b 6579 6f66 eyfile [-O keyof\n-00030040: 6673 6574 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fset]. \n-00030050: 5b2d 5320 6b65 7973 697a 655d 205d 205d [-S keysize] ] ]\n-00030060: 205b 2d48 2066 696c 655d 2064 6576 6963 [-H file] devic\n-00030070: 657c 2d75 2075 7569 647c 2d61 7c2d 620a e|-u uuid|-a|-b.\n-00030080: 2020 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 6363 6573 Setup acces\n-00030090: 7320 746f 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 s to encrypted d\n-000300a0: 6576 6963 652e 2020 4120 7061 7373 7068 evice. A passph\n-000300b0: 7261 7365 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2072 6571 rase will be req\n-000300c0: 7565 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 uested. inte\n-000300d0: 7261 6374 6976 656c 792c 2069 6620 6e65 ractively, if ne\n-000300e0: 6974 6865 7220 7468 6520 e280 982d 70e2 ither the ...-p.\n-000300f0: 8099 206e 6f72 20e2 8098 2d6b e280 9920 .. nor ...-k... \n-00030100: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6769 7665 options are give\n-00030110: 6e2e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7074 n. The. opt\n-00030120: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 70e2 8099 2063 616e ion ...-p... can\n-00030130: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 be used to supp\n-00030140: 6c79 2061 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 ly a passphrase \n-00030150: 2875 7365 6675 6c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 (useful for. \n-00030160: 2073 6372 6970 7473 292e 2020 416c 7465 scripts). Alte\n-00030170: 726e 6174 6976 656c 7920 7468 6520 e280 rnatively the ..\n-00030180: 982d 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6361 .-k... option ca\n-00030190: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 n be used to sup\n-000301a0: 706c 7920 610a 2020 2020 206b 6579 6669 ply a. keyfi\n-000301b0: 6c65 2077 6974 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 le with options \n-000301c0: e280 982d 4fe2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 ...-O... and ...\n-000301d0: 2d53 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 -S... optionally\n-000301e0: 2073 7570 706c 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206f supplying the o\n-000301f0: 6666 7365 740a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2073 ffset. and s\n-00030200: 697a 652c 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c ize, respectivel\n-00030210: 792c 206f 6620 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6461 y, of the key da\n-00030220: 7461 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 ta in the given \n-00030230: 6b65 7920 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 key file. The. \n-00030240: 2020 2020 e280 982d 48e2 8099 206f 7074 ...-H... opt\n-00030250: 696f 6e73 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 ions can be used\n-00030260: 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2063 7279 7074 to supply crypt\n-00030270: 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 7320 omount backends \n-00030280: 7769 7468 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c74 with an. alt\n-00030290: 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2068 6561 6465 7220 ernative header \n-000302a0: 6669 6c65 2028 616b 6120 6465 7461 6368 file (aka detach\n-000302b0: 6564 2068 6561 6465 7229 2e20 204e 6f74 ed header). Not\n-000302c0: 2061 6c6c 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 730a 2020 all backends. \n-000302d0: 2020 2068 6176 6520 6865 6164 6572 7320 have headers \n-000302e0: 6e6f 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 7465 nor support alte\n-000302f0: 726e 6174 6976 6520 6865 6164 6572 2066 rnative header f\n-00030300: 696c 6573 2028 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 iles (currently \n-00030310: 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 4c55 4b53 3120 only. LUKS1 \n-00030320: 616e 6420 4c55 4b53 3220 7375 7070 6f72 and LUKS2 suppor\n-00030330: 7420 7468 656d 292e 2020 4172 6775 6d65 t them). Argume\n-00030340: 6e74 2044 4556 4943 4520 636f 6e66 6967 nt DEVICE config\n-00030350: 7572 6573 2073 7065 6369 6669 630a 2020 ures specific. \n-00030360: 2020 2067 7275 6220 6465 7669 6365 2028 grub device (\n-00030370: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e *note Naming con\n-00030380: 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 3b20 6f70 7469 vention::); opti\n-00030390: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 5555 4944 on ...-u... UUID\n-000303a0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 . configures\n-000303b0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 2073 7065 device with spe\n-000303c0: 6369 6669 6564 2055 5549 443b 206f 7074 cified UUID; opt\n-000303d0: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 61e2 8099 2063 6f6e ion ...-a... con\n-000303e0: 6669 6775 7265 7320 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 figures all. \n-000303f0: 2064 6574 6563 7465 6420 656e 6372 7970 detected encryp\n-00030400: 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 733b 206f 7074 ted devices; opt\n-00030410: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e ion ...-b... con\n-00030420: 6669 6775 7265 7320 616c 6c20 6765 6c69 figures all geli\n-00030430: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 . containers\n-00030440: 2074 6861 7420 6861 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 that have boot \n-00030450: 666c 6167 2073 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 flag set... \n-00030460: 4465 7669 6365 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 Devices are not \n-00030470: 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 746f 2062 6520 6769 allowed to be gi\n-00030480: 7665 6e20 6173 206b 6579 2066 696c 6573 ven as key files\n-00030490: 206e 6f72 2061 7320 6465 7461 6368 6564 nor as detached\n-000304a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c . header fil\n-000304b0: 6573 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 es. However, th\n-000304c0: 6973 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e20 6361 is limitation ca\n-000304d0: 6e20 6265 2077 6f72 6b65 6420 6172 6f75 n be worked arou\n-000304e0: 6e64 2062 790a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 nd by. using\n-000304f0: 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 blocklist synta\n-00030500: 782e 2020 536f 2066 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 x. So for insta\n-00030510: 6e63 652c 20e2 8098 2868 6431 2c67 7074 nce, ...(hd1,gpt\n-00030520: 3229 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 2)... can not be\n-00030530: 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6564 2c20 6275 7420 . used, but \n-00030540: e280 9828 6864 312c 6770 7432 2930 2be2 ...(hd1,gpt2)0+.\n-00030550: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6163 6869 6576 6520 .. will achieve \n-00030560: 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 7265 7375 the desired resu\n-00030570: 6c74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2073 lt... GRUB s\n-00030580: 7570 6f72 7473 2064 6576 6963 6573 2065 uports devices e\n-00030590: 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2075 7369 6e67 204c ncrypted using L\n-000305a0: 554b 532c 204c 554b 5332 2061 6e64 2067 UKS, LUKS2 and g\n-000305b0: 656c 692e 2020 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 eli. Note. \n-000305c0: 7468 6174 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 206d that necessary m\n-000305d0: 6f64 756c 6573 2028 4c55 4b53 2c20 4c55 odules (LUKS, LU\n-000305e0: 4b53 3220 616e 6420 4745 4c49 2920 6861 KS2 and GELI) ha\n-000305f0: 7665 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 640a ve to be loaded.\n-00030600: 2020 2020 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 manually be\n-00030610: 666f 7265 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e fore this comman\n-00030620: 6420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 642e 2020 d can be used. \n-00030630: 466f 7220 4c55 4b53 3220 6f6e 6c79 2074 For LUKS2 only t\n-00030640: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 5042 4b44 4632 206b he. PBKDF2 k\n-00030650: 6579 2064 6572 6976 6174 696f 6e20 6675 ey derivation fu\n-00030660: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 nction is suppor\n-00030670: 7465 642c 2061 7320 4172 676f 6e32 2069 ted, as Argon2 i\n-00030680: 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 740a 2020 2020 2073 s not yet. s\n-00030690: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 upported... \n-000306a0: 5375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2064 6563 Successfully dec\n-000306b0: 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 rypted disks are\n-000306c0: 206e 616d 6564 2061 7320 2863 7279 7074 named as (crypt\n-000306d0: 6f58 2920 616e 6420 6861 7665 0a20 2020 oX) and have. \n-000306e0: 2020 696e 6372 6561 7369 6e67 206e 756d increasing num\n-000306f0: 6572 6174 696f 6e20 7375 6666 6978 2066 eration suffix f\n-00030700: 6f72 2065 6163 6820 6e65 7720 6465 6372 or each new decr\n-00030710: 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b 2e20 2049 6620 ypted disk. If \n-00030720: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 the. encrypt\n-00030730: 6564 2064 6973 6b20 686f 7374 7320 736f ed disk hosts so\n-00030740: 6d65 2068 6967 6865 7220 6c65 7665 6c20 me higher level \n-00030750: 6f66 2061 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e 2028 of abstraction (\n-00030760: 6c69 6b65 204c 564d 3220 6f72 0a20 2020 like LVM2 or. \n-00030770: 2020 4d44 5241 4944 2920 6974 2077 696c MDRAID) it wil\n-00030780: 6c20 6265 2063 7265 6174 6564 2075 6e64 l be created und\n-00030790: 6572 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 6465 er a separate de\n-000307a0: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 7061 6365 2069 vice namespace i\n-000307b0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 n. addition \n-000307c0: 746f 2074 6865 2063 7279 7074 6f64 6973 to the cryptodis\n-000307d0: 6b20 6e61 6d65 7370 6163 652e 0a0a 2020 k namespace... \n-000307e0: 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2070 Support for p\n-000307f0: 6c61 696e 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 lain encryption \n-00030800: 6d6f 6465 2028 706c 6169 6e20 646d 2d63 mode (plain dm-c\n-00030810: 7279 7074 2920 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 rypt) is provide\n-00030820: 6420 7669 610a 2020 2020 2073 6570 6172 d via. separ\n-00030830: 6174 6520 e280 982a 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 ate ...*note pla\n-00030840: 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 3ae2 8099 2063 6f6d inmount::... com\n-00030850: 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 mand.....File: g\n-00030860: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00030870: 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 cutmem, Next: \n-00030880: 6461 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 7279 date, Prev: cry\n-00030890: 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ptomount, Up: C\n-000308a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-000308b0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3920 6375 ands..17.4.19 cu\n-000308c0: 746d 656d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tmem.-----------\n-000308d0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-000308e0: 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2066 726f 6d5b 4b7c : cutmem from[K|\n-000308f0: 4d7c 475d 2074 6f5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d 0a20 M|G] to[K|M|G]. \n-00030900: 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 6e79 206d Remove any m\n-00030910: 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 696e emory regions in\n-00030920: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 616e 6765 specified range\n-00030930: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d ... This com\n-00030940: 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 6966 6965 7320 7468 mand notifies th\n-00030950: 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 616e 6167 6572 e memory manager\n-00030960: 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 that specified \n-00030970: 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 regions of. \n-00030980: 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 7420 746f 2062 6520 RAM ought to be \n-00030990: 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206f 7574 2e20 2054 filtered out. T\n-000309a0: 6869 7320 7265 6d61 696e 7320 696e 2065 his remains in e\n-000309b0: 6666 6563 7420 6166 7465 7220 610a 2020 ffect after a. \n-000309c0: 2020 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 payload kerne\n-000309d0: 6c20 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 l has been loade\n-000309e0: 6420 6279 2047 5255 422c 2061 7320 6c6f d by GRUB, as lo\n-000309f0: 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 ng as the loaded\n-00030a00: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6274 . kernel obt\n-00030a10: 6169 6e73 2069 7473 206d 656d 6f72 7920 ains its memory \n-00030a20: 6d61 7020 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 204b map from GRUB. K\n-00030a30: 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 ernels that supp\n-00030a40: 6f72 7420 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 696e ort this. in\n-00030a50: 636c 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 782c 2047 4e55 clude Linux, GNU\n-00030a60: 204d 6163 682c 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 Mach, the kerne\n-00030a70: 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 2061 6e64 l of FreeBSD and\n-00030a80: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 Multiboot. \n-00030a90: 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2067 656e 6572 kernels in gener\n-00030aa0: 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f al... The co\n-00030ab0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2073 696d 696c 6172 mmand is similar\n-00030ac0: 2074 6f20 e280 9862 6164 7261 6de2 8099 to ...badram...\n-00030ad0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 command... \n-00030ae0: 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e Note: The comman\n-00030af0: 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 d is not allowed\n-00030b00: 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 when lockdown i\n-00030b10: 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 s enforced (*not\n-00030b20: 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a e. Lockdown:\n-00030b30: 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7072 6576 656e :). This preven\n-00030b40: 7473 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 4546 4920 ts removing EFI \n-00030b50: 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2074 memory regions t\n-00030b60: 6f0a 2020 2020 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c o. potential\n-00030b70: 6c79 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2073 ly subvert the s\n-00030b80: 6563 7572 6974 7920 6d65 6368 616e 6973 ecurity mechanis\n-00030b90: 6d73 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 ms provided by t\n-00030ba0: 6865 2055 4546 490a 2020 2020 2073 6563 he UEFI. sec\n-00030bb0: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ure boot.....Fil\n-00030bc0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00030bd0: 6f64 653a 2064 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 ode: date, Next\n-00030be0: 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 2050 : devicetree, P\n-00030bf0: 7265 763a 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5570 rev: cutmem, Up\n-00030c00: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00030c10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3230 ommands..17.4.20\n-00030c20: 2064 6174 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d date.----------\n-00030c30: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00030c40: 2064 6174 6520 5b5b 7965 6172 2d5d 6d6f date [[year-]mo\n-00030c50: 6e74 682d 6461 795d 205b 686f 7572 3a6d nth-day] [hour:m\n-00030c60: 696e 7574 655b 3a73 6563 6f6e 645d 5d0a inute[:second]].\n-00030c70: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 With no arg\n-00030c80: 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 uments, print th\n-00030c90: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6461 7465 2061 e current date a\n-00030ca0: 6e64 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 204f nd time... O\n-00030cb0: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7461 6b65 2074 therwise, take t\n-00030cc0: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2064 6174 6520 he current date \n-00030cd0: 616e 6420 7469 6d65 2c20 6368 616e 6765 and time, change\n-00030ce0: 2061 6e79 2065 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 any elements. \n-00030cf0: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 specified as \n-00030d00: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2073 arguments, and s\n-00030d10: 6574 2074 6865 2072 6573 756c 7420 6173 et the result as\n-00030d20: 2074 6865 206e 6577 2064 6174 6520 616e the new date an\n-00030d30: 640a 2020 2020 2074 696d 652e 2020 466f d. time. Fo\n-00030d40: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2027 6461 7465 r example, 'date\n-00030d50: 2030 312d 3031 2720 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 01-01' will set\n-00030d60: 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206d 6f6e the current mon\n-00030d70: 7468 2061 6e64 2064 6179 0a20 2020 2020 th and day. \n-00030d80: 746f 204a 616e 7561 7279 2031 2c20 6275 to January 1, bu\n-00030d90: 7420 6c65 6176 6520 7468 6520 7965 6172 t leave the year\n-00030da0: 2c20 686f 7572 2c20 6d69 6e75 7465 2c20 , hour, minute, \n-00030db0: 616e 6420 7365 636f 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 and second. \n-00030dc0: 756e 6368 616e 6765 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 unchanged.....Fi\n-00030dd0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00030de0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 Node: devicetree\n-00030df0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6973 7472 7573 , Next: distrus\n-00030e00: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 t, Prev: date, \n-00030e10: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00030e20: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-00030e30: 2e32 3120 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 0a2d .21 devicetree.-\n-00030e40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00030e50: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00030e60: 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2066 696c 650a devicetree file.\n-00030e70: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6465 7669 Load a devi\n-00030e80: 6365 2074 7265 6520 626c 6f62 2028 2e64 ce tree blob (.d\n-00030e90: 7462 2920 6672 6f6d 2061 2066 696c 6573 tb) from a files\n-00030ea0: 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 206c 6174 6572 ystem, for later\n-00030eb0: 2075 7365 2062 790a 2020 2020 2061 204c use by. a L\n-00030ec0: 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 446f inux kernel. Do\n-00030ed0: 6573 206e 6f74 2070 6572 666f 726d 206d es not perform m\n-00030ee0: 6572 6769 6e67 2077 6974 6820 616e 7920 erging with any \n-00030ef0: 6465 7669 6365 2074 7265 650a 2020 2020 device tree. \n-00030f00: 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 6279 2066 6972 supplied by fir\n-00030f10: 6d77 6172 652c 2062 7574 2072 6174 6865 mware, but rathe\n-00030f20: 7220 7265 706c 6163 6573 2069 7420 636f r replaces it co\n-00030f30: 6d70 6c65 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 mpletely... \n-00030f40: 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e Note: The comman\n-00030f50: 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 d is not allowed\n-00030f60: 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 when lockdown i\n-00030f70: 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 s enforced (*not\n-00030f80: 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a e. Lockdown:\n-00030f90: 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e :). This is don\n-00030fa0: 6520 746f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2073 7562 e to prevent sub\n-00030fb0: 7665 7274 696e 6720 7661 7269 6f75 7320 verting various \n-00030fc0: 7365 6375 7269 7479 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 security. me\n-00030fd0: 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c chanisms.....Fil\n-00030fe0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00030ff0: 6f64 653a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 ode: distrust, \n-00031000: 4e65 7874 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 Next: drivemap, \n-00031010: 2050 7265 763a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 Prev: devicetre\n-00031020: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d e, Up: Command-\n-00031030: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00031040: 372e 342e 3232 2064 6973 7472 7573 740a 7.4.22 distrust.\n-00031050: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00031060: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 .. -- Command: d\n-00031070: 6973 7472 7573 7420 7075 626b 6579 5f69 istrust pubkey_i\n-00031080: 640a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 7075 d. Remove pu\n-00031090: 626c 6963 206b 6579 2050 5542 4b45 595f blic key PUBKEY_\n-000310a0: 4944 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2773 206b ID from GRUB's k\n-000310b0: 6579 7269 6e67 206f 6620 7472 7573 7465 eyring of truste\n-000310c0: 6420 6b65 7973 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 5542 d keys.. PUB\n-000310d0: 4b45 595f 4944 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c61 KEY_ID is the la\n-000310e0: 7374 2066 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 2865 st four bytes (e\n-000310f0: 6967 6874 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c ight hexadecimal\n-00031100: 2064 6967 6974 7329 206f 6620 7468 650a digits) of the.\n-00031110: 2020 2020 2047 5047 2076 3420 6b65 7920 GPG v4 key \n-00031120: 6964 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2061 6c73 id, which is als\n-00031130: 6f20 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 206f 6620 o the output of \n-00031140: e280 986c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 64e2 ...list_trusted.\n-00031150: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 206c .. (*note. l\n-00031160: 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a29 2e20 ist_trusted::). \n-00031170: 204f 7574 7369 6465 206f 6620 4752 5542 Outside of GRUB\n-00031180: 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6964 2063 616e , the key id can\n-00031190: 2062 6520 6f62 7461 696e 6564 2075 7369 be obtained usi\n-000311a0: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 7067 202d ng. ...gpg -\n-000311b0: 2d66 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 e280 9929 -fingerprint...)\n-000311c0: 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206b 6579 7320 6172 . These keys ar\n-000311d0: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 e used to valida\n-000311e0: 7465 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2020 te signatures. \n-000311f0: 2020 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d when environm\n-00031200: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 ent variable ...\n-00031210: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n-00031220: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ... is set to ..\n-00031230: 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 990a 2020 2020 .enforce.... \n-00031240: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 (*note check_si\n-00031250: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 gnatures::), and\n-00031260: 2062 7920 736f 6d65 2069 6e76 6f63 6174 by some invocat\n-00031270: 696f 6e73 206f 660a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ions of. ...\n-00031280: 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 64e2 verify_detached.\n-00031290: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 .. (*note verify\n-000312a0: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 202a _detached::). *\n-000312b0: 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 Note Using digit\n-000312c0: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 al. signatur\n-000312d0: 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 es::, for more i\n-000312e0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nformation.....F\n-000312f0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00031300: 204e 6f64 653a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702c Node: drivemap,\n-00031310: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 2050 Next: echo, P\n-00031320: 7265 763a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 rev: distrust, \n-00031330: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00031340: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00031350: 3233 2064 7269 7665 6d61 700a 2d2d 2d2d 23 drivemap.----\n-00031360: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00031370: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 7269 7665 - Command: drive\n-00031380: 6d61 7020 2d6c 7c2d 727c 5b2d 735d 2066 map -l|-r|[-s] f\n-00031390: 726f 6d5f 6472 6976 6520 746f 5f64 7269 rom_drive to_dri\n-000313a0: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 6f75 7420 ve. Without \n-000313b0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 206d 6170 2074 6865 options, map the\n-000313c0: 2064 7269 7665 2046 524f 4d5f 4452 4956 drive FROM_DRIV\n-000313d0: 4520 746f 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2054 E to the drive T\n-000313e0: 4f5f 4452 4956 452e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 O_DRIVE.. Th\n-000313f0: 6973 2069 7320 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 is is necessary \n-00031400: 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2063 6861 696e 2d6c when you chain-l\n-00031410: 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 oad some operati\n-00031420: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7375 6368 ng systems, such\n-00031430: 0a20 2020 2020 6173 2044 4f53 2c20 6966 . as DOS, if\n-00031440: 2073 7563 6820 616e 204f 5320 7265 7369 such an OS resi\n-00031450: 6465 7320 6174 2061 206e 6f6e 2d66 6972 des at a non-fir\n-00031460: 7374 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 st drive. For. \n-00031470: 2020 2020 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c convenience,\n-00031480: 2061 6e79 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 any partition s\n-00031490: 7566 6669 7820 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 7269 uffix on the dri\n-000314a0: 7665 2069 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 642c 2073 ve is ignored, s\n-000314b0: 6f20 796f 750a 2020 2020 2063 616e 2073 o you. can s\n-000314c0: 6166 656c 7920 7573 6520 247b 726f 6f74 afely use ${root\n-000314d0: 7d20 6173 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 } as a drive spe\n-000314e0: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 cification... \n-000314f0: 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d73 With the ...-s\n-00031500: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7065 7266 ... option, perf\n-00031510: 6f72 6d20 7468 6520 7265 7665 7273 6520 orm the reverse \n-00031520: 6d61 7070 696e 6720 6173 2077 656c 6c2c mapping as well,\n-00031530: 2073 7761 7070 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 swapping. t\n-00031540: 6865 2074 776f 2064 7269 7665 732e 0a0a he two drives...\n-00031550: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 With the ..\n-00031560: 982d 6ce2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206c .-l... option, l\n-00031570: 6973 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 ist the current \n-00031580: 6d61 7070 696e 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 mappings... \n-00031590: 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d72 e280 With the ...-r..\n-000315a0: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7365 7420 . option, reset \n-000315b0: 616c 6c20 6d61 7070 696e 6773 2074 6f20 all mappings to \n-000315c0: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 6c75 the default valu\n-000315d0: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 es... For ex\n-000315e0: 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ample:.. \n-000315f0: 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 drivemap -s (h\n-00031600: 6430 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 d0) (hd1).. \n-00031610: 4e4f 5445 3a20 4f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c NOTE: Only avail\n-00031620: 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 6933 3836 2d70 632e able on i386-pc.\n-00031630: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00031640: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6563 686f nfo, Node: echo\n-00031650: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 6669 7465 7874 , Next: efitext\n-00031660: 6d6f 6465 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 7269 mode, Prev: dri\n-00031670: 7665 6d61 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d vemap, Up: Comm\n-00031680: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-00031690: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3234 2065 6368 6f0a s..17.4.24 echo.\n-000316a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-000316b0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 6368 6f20 - Command: echo \n-000316c0: 5b2d 6e5d 205b 2d65 5d20 7374 7269 6e67 [-n] [-e] string\n-000316d0: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 .... Displa\n-000316e0: 7920 7468 6520 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 y the requested \n-000316f0: 7465 7874 2061 6e64 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 text and, unless\n-00031700: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 9920 6f70 the ...-n... op\n-00031710: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 610a tion is used, a.\n-00031720: 2020 2020 2074 7261 696c 696e 6720 6e65 trailing ne\n-00031730: 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 w line. If ther\n-00031740: 6520 6973 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f e is more than o\n-00031750: 6e65 2073 7472 696e 672c 2074 6865 7920 ne string, they \n-00031760: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2073 6570 6172 6174 are. separat\n-00031770: 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 2069 6e20 ed by spaces in \n-00031780: 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2041 7320 the output. As \n-00031790: 7573 7561 6c20 696e 2047 5255 4220 636f usual in GRUB co\n-000317a0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c0a 2020 2020 2076 6172 mmands,. var\n-000317b0: 6961 626c 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 7375 iables may be su\n-000317c0: 6273 7469 7475 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 bstituted using \n-000317d0: e280 9824 7b76 6172 7de2 8099 2e0a 0a20 ...${var}...... \n-000317e0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 65e2 8099 The ...-e...\n-000317f0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 7320 option enables \n-00031800: 696e 7465 7270 7265 7461 7469 6f6e 206f interpretation o\n-00031810: 6620 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 6573 6361 f backslash esca\n-00031820: 7065 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 pes. The. f\n-00031830: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2073 6571 7565 6e63 ollowing sequenc\n-00031840: 6573 2061 7265 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 es are recognise\n-00031850: 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c5c e280 d:.. ...\\\\..\n-00031860: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6261 636b .. back\n-00031870: 736c 6173 680a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c slash.. ...\\\n-00031880: 61e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 a.... a\n-00031890: 6c65 7274 2028 4245 4c29 0a0a 2020 2020 lert (BEL).. \n-000318a0: 20e2 8098 5c63 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 ...\\c.... \n-000318b0: 2020 2020 7375 7070 7265 7373 2074 7261 suppress tra\n-000318c0: 696c 696e 6720 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a0a iling new line..\n-000318d0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c66 e280 990a 2020 ...\\f.... \n-000318e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 726d 2066 6565 form fee\n-000318f0: 640a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 6ee2 8099 d.. ...\\n...\n-00031900: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6577 206c . new l\n-00031910: 696e 650a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 72e2 ine.. ...\\r.\n-00031920: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6172 ... car\n-00031930: 7269 6167 6520 7265 7475 726e 0a0a 2020 riage return.. \n-00031940: 2020 20e2 8098 5c74 e280 990a 2020 2020 ...\\t.... \n-00031950: 2020 2020 2020 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c horizontal\n-00031960: 2074 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c76 tab.. ...\\v\n-00031970: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 .... ve\n-00031980: 7274 6963 616c 2074 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 rtical tab.. \n-00031990: 2057 6865 6e20 696e 7465 7270 7265 7469 When interpreti\n-000319a0: 6e67 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2065 7363 ng backslash esc\n-000319b0: 6170 6573 2c20 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 apes, backslash \n-000319c0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 616e 790a followed by any.\n-000319d0: 2020 2020 206f 7468 6572 2063 6861 7261 other chara\n-000319e0: 6374 6572 2077 696c 6c20 7072 696e 7420 cter will print \n-000319f0: 7468 6174 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2e0a that character..\n-00031a00: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00031a10: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 6669 7465 fo, Node: efite\n-00031a20: 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 xtmode, Next: e\n-00031a30: 7661 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6563 686f val, Prev: echo\n-00031a40: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00031a50: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00031a60: 2e34 2e32 3520 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 .4.25 efitextmod\n-00031a70: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n-00031a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00031a90: 6e64 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 6520 nd: efitextmode \n-00031aa0: 5b6d 696e 207c 206d 6178 207c 203c 6d6f [min | max | | \n-00031ac0: 203c 726f 7773 3e5d 0a20 2020 2020 5768 ]. Wh\n-00031ad0: 656e 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 206e 6f20 en used with no \n-00031ae0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6469 7370 6c61 arguments displa\n-00031af0: 7973 2061 6c6c 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ys all available\n-00031b00: 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 2020 text output. \n-00031b10: 2020 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 5468 6520 7365 modes. The se\n-00031b20: 7420 6d6f 6465 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 t mode determine\n-00031b30: 7320 7468 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e s the columns an\n-00031b40: 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 d rows of the te\n-00031b50: 7874 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7920 xt. display \n-00031b60: 7768 656e 2069 6e20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 when in text mod\n-00031b70: 652e 2020 416e 2061 7374 6572 6973 6b2c e. An asterisk,\n-00031b80: 20e2 8098 2ae2 8099 2c20 7769 6c6c 2062 ...*..., will b\n-00031b90: 6520 6174 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 660a e at the end of.\n-00031ba0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6f66 the line of\n-00031bb0: 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2073 the currently s\n-00031bc0: 6574 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 et mode... I\n-00031bd0: 6620 6769 7665 6e20 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 f given a single\n-00031be0: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2c20 6974 206d parameter, it m\n-00031bf0: 7573 7420 6265 20e2 8098 6d69 6ee2 8099 ust be ...min...\n-00031c00: 2c20 e280 986d 6178 e280 992c 206f 7220 , ...max..., or \n-00031c10: 6120 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 a mode. numb\n-00031c20: 6572 2067 6976 656e 2062 7920 7468 6520 er given by the \n-00031c30: 6c69 7374 696e 6720 7768 656e 2072 756e listing when run\n-00031c40: 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e with no argumen\n-00031c50: 7473 2e20 2054 6865 7365 0a20 2020 2020 ts. These. \n-00031c60: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 7365 7420 7468 arguments set th\n-00031c70: 6520 6d6f 6465 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d69 e mode to the mi\n-00031c80: 6e69 6d75 6d2c 206d 6178 696d 756d 2c20 nimum, maximum, \n-00031c90: 616e 6420 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 206d and particular m\n-00031ca0: 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 7065 6374 ode. respect\n-00031cb0: 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 ively... Oth\n-00031cc0: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d erwise, the comm\n-00031cd0: 616e 6420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 and must be give\n-00031ce0: 6e20 7477 6f20 6e75 6d65 7269 6361 6c20 n two numerical \n-00031cf0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2073 arguments. s\n-00031d00: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f pecifying the co\n-00031d10: 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f lumns and rows o\n-00031d20: 6620 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 6d6f f the desired mo\n-00031d30: 6465 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 de. Specifying \n-00031d40: 610a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 a. columns a\n-00031d50: 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 636f 6d62 696e 6174 nd rows combinat\n-00031d60: 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2063 6f72 7265 7370 ion that corresp\n-00031d70: 6f6e 6473 2074 6f20 6e6f 2073 7570 706f onds to no suppo\n-00031d80: 7274 6564 206d 6f64 652c 0a20 2020 2020 rted mode,. \n-00031d90: 7769 6c6c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 6572 726f will return erro\n-00031da0: 722c 2062 7574 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 r, but otherwise\n-00031db0: 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 742e have no effect.\n-00031dc0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c .. By defaul\n-00031dd0: 7420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7374 6172 t GRUB will star\n-00031de0: 7420 696e 2077 6861 7465 7665 7220 6d6f t in whatever mo\n-00031df0: 6465 2074 6865 2045 4649 2066 6972 6d77 de the EFI firmw\n-00031e00: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 are. default\n-00031e10: 7320 746f 2e20 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 s to. There are\n-00031e20: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6573 206b 6e6f 776e firmwares known\n-00031e30: 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7570 2074 6865 2064 to set up the d\n-00031e40: 6566 6175 6c74 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 efault mode. \n-00031e50: 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 206f 7574 7075 such that outpu\n-00031e60: 7420 6265 6861 7665 7320 7374 7261 6e67 t behaves strang\n-00031e70: 656c 792c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 ely, for example\n-00031e80: 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 7220 696e 2074 the cursor in t\n-00031e90: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2073 6865 he. GRUB she\n-00031ea0: 6c6c 206e 6576 6572 2072 6561 6368 6573 ll never reaches\n-00031eb0: 2074 6865 2062 6f74 746f 6d20 6f66 2074 the bottom of t\n-00031ec0: 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6f72 2c20 7768 he screen or, wh\n-00031ed0: 656e 2074 7970 696e 670a 2020 2020 2063 en typing. c\n-00031ee0: 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 6174 2074 6865 haracters at the\n-00031ef0: 2070 726f 6d70 742c 2063 6861 7261 6374 prompt, charact\n-00031f00: 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 ers from previou\n-00031f10: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6f75 7470 7574 s command output\n-00031f20: 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 6f76 6572 7772 . are overwr\n-00031f30: 6974 7465 6e2e 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 itten. Setting \n-00031f40: 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 206d 6179 2066 6978 the mode may fix\n-00031f50: 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 this... The\n-00031f60: 2045 4649 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 EFI specificati\n-00031f70: 6f6e 2073 6179 7320 7468 6174 206d 6f64 on says that mod\n-00031f80: 6520 3020 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6176 6169 e 0 must be avai\n-00031f90: 6c61 626c 6520 616e 6420 6861 7665 0a20 lable and have. \n-00031fa0: 2020 2020 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 columns and \n-00031fb0: 726f 7773 206f 6620 3830 2061 6e64 2032 rows of 80 and 2\n-00031fc0: 3520 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e20 5 respectively. \n-00031fd0: 204d 6f64 6520 3120 6d61 7920 6265 2064 Mode 1 may be d\n-00031fe0: 6566 696e 6564 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 efined. and \n-00031ff0: 6966 2073 6f20 6d75 7374 2068 6176 6520 if so must have \n-00032000: 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 columns and rows\n-00032010: 206f 6620 3830 2061 6e64 2035 3020 7265 of 80 and 50 re\n-00032020: 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 spectively.. \n-00032030: 2041 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 6573 Any other modes\n-00032040: 206d 6179 2068 6176 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e may have column\n-00032050: 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 2061 7262 6974 s and rows arbit\n-00032060: 7261 7269 6c79 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 rarily defined b\n-00032070: 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 y. the firmw\n-00032080: 6172 652e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 are. This means\n-00032090: 2074 6861 7420 6120 6d6f 6465 2077 6974 that a mode wit\n-000320a0: 6820 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f h columns and ro\n-000320b0: 7773 206f 6620 3130 300a 2020 2020 2061 ws of 100. a\n-000320c0: 6e64 2033 3120 6f6e 206f 6e65 2066 6972 nd 31 on one fir\n-000320d0: 6d77 6172 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2064 mware may be a d\n-000320e0: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 ifferent mode nu\n-000320f0: 6d62 6572 206f 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2064 mber on a. d\n-00032100: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 6172 ifferent firmwar\n-00032110: 6520 6f72 206e 6f74 2065 7869 7374 2061 e or not exist a\n-00032120: 7420 616c 6c2e 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 t all. Likewise\n-00032130: 2c20 6d6f 6465 206e 756d 6265 7220 3220 , mode number 2 \n-00032140: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6520 6669 726d on. one firm\n-00032150: 7761 7265 206d 6179 2068 6176 6520 6120 ware may have a \n-00032160: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 different number\n-00032170: 206f 6620 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 of columns and \n-00032180: 726f 7773 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 206d rows than. m\n-00032190: 6f64 6520 3220 6f6e 2061 2064 6966 6665 ode 2 on a diffe\n-000321a0: 7265 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 rent firmware. \n-000321b0: 536f 206f 6e65 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f So one should no\n-000321c0: 7420 7265 6c79 206f 6e20 610a 2020 2020 t rely on a. \n-000321d0: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6d6f 6465 particular mode\n-000321e0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f72 2061 206d 6f64 number or a mod\n-000321f0: 6520 6f66 2061 2063 6572 7461 696e 206e e of a certain n\n-00032200: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 umber of columns\n-00032210: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 726f 7773 2065 and. rows e\n-00032220: 7869 7374 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 6c6c 2066 xisting on all f\n-00032230: 6972 6d77 6172 6573 2c20 6578 6365 7074 irmwares, except\n-00032240: 2066 6f72 206d 6f64 6520 302e 0a0a 2020 for mode 0... \n-00032250: 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6869 7320 636f Note: This co\n-00032260: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 mmand is only av\n-00032270: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2045 4649 2070 ailable on EFI p\n-00032280: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 6e64 2069 730a latforms and is.\n-00032290: 2020 2020 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 similar to \n-000322a0: 4546 4920 7368 656c 6c20 226d 6f64 6522 EFI shell \"mode\"\n-000322b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c command.....Fil\n-000322c0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000322d0: 6f64 653a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 ode: eval, Next\n-000322e0: 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 2050 7265 763a : export, Prev:\n-000322f0: 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 2055 efitextmode, U\n-00032300: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00032310: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 commands..17.4.2\n-00032320: 3620 6576 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6 eval.---------\n-00032330: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00032340: 3a20 6576 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 2e2e : eval string ..\n-00032350: 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 .. Concatena\n-00032360: 7465 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f67 te arguments tog\n-00032370: 6574 6865 7220 7573 696e 6720 7369 6e67 ether using sing\n-00032380: 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2061 7320 7365 7061 le space as sepa\n-00032390: 7261 746f 7220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 rator and. e\n-000323a0: 7661 6c75 6174 6520 7265 7375 6c74 2061 valuate result a\n-000323b0: 7320 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 4752 s sequence of GR\n-000323c0: 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 1f0a UB commands.....\n-000323d0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000323e0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 Node: export, \n-000323f0: 204e 6578 743a 2066 616c 7365 2c20 2050 Next: false, P\n-00032400: 7265 763a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: eval, Up: \n-00032410: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00032420: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3237 2065 mands..17.4.27 e\n-00032430: 7870 6f72 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d xport.----------\n-00032440: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00032450: 643a 2065 7870 6f72 7420 656e 7676 6172 d: export envvar\n-00032460: 0a20 2020 2020 4578 706f 7274 2074 6865 . Export the\n-00032470: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00032480: 6961 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 2e20 2045 iable ENVVAR. E\n-00032490: 7870 6f72 7465 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 xported variable\n-000324a0: 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2076 6973 6962 s are. visib\n-000324b0: 6c65 2074 6f20 7375 6273 6964 6961 7279 le to subsidiary\n-000324c0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n-000324d0: 696c 6573 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e iles loaded usin\n-000324e0: 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 g. ...config\n-000324f0: 6669 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 file........File\n-00032500: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00032510: 6465 3a20 6661 6c73 652c 2020 4e65 7874 de: false, Next\n-00032520: 3a20 6677 7365 7475 702c 2020 5072 6576 : fwsetup, Prev\n-00032530: 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : export, Up: C\n-00032540: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00032550: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3820 6661 ands..17.4.28 fa\n-00032560: 6c73 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lse.------------\n-00032570: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00032580: 6661 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f false. Do no\n-00032590: 7468 696e 672c 2075 6e73 7563 6365 7373 thing, unsuccess\n-000325a0: 6675 6c6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 fully. This is \n-000325b0: 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e mainly useful in\n-000325c0: 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f control. co\n-000325d0: 6e73 7472 7563 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 nstructs such as\n-000325e0: 20e2 8098 6966 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 ...if... and ..\n-000325f0: 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 .while... (*note\n-00032600: 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 Shell-like scri\n-00032610: 7074 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c pting::).....Fil\n-00032620: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00032630: 6f64 653a 2066 7773 6574 7570 2c20 204e ode: fwsetup, N\n-00032640: 6578 743a 2067 6462 696e 666f 2c20 2050 ext: gdbinfo, P\n-00032650: 7265 763a 2066 616c 7365 2c20 2055 703a rev: false, Up:\n-00032660: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00032670: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3920 mmands..17.4.29 \n-00032680: 6677 7365 7475 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fwsetup.--------\n-00032690: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-000326a0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6677 7365 7475 7020 5b2d mand: fwsetup [-\n-000326b0: 2d69 732d 7375 7070 6f72 7465 645d 0a20 -is-supported]. \n-000326c0: 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 2069 6e74 6f20 Reboot into \n-000326d0: 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 6574 the firmware set\n-000326e0: 7570 206d 656e 752e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 up menu. If ...\n-000326f0: 2d2d 6973 2d73 7570 706f 7274 6564 e280 --is-supported..\n-00032700: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 . option is. \n-00032710: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 696e 7374 specified, inst\n-00032720: 6561 6420 6368 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 ead check whethe\n-00032730: 7220 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 r the firmware s\n-00032740: 7570 706f 7274 7320 6120 7365 7475 7020 upports a setup \n-00032750: 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6578 menu. and ex\n-00032760: 6974 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 it successfully \n-00032770: 6966 2073 6f2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 if so.....File: \n-00032780: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00032790: 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 : gdbinfo, Next\n-000327a0: 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 5072 6576 : gettext, Prev\n-000327b0: 3a20 6677 7365 7475 702c 2020 5570 3a20 : fwsetup, Up: \n-000327c0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-000327d0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3330 2067 mands..17.4.30 g\n-000327e0: 6462 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dbinfo.---------\n-000327f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00032800: 616e 643a 2067 6462 696e 666f 0a20 2020 and: gdbinfo. \n-00032810: 2020 4f75 7470 7574 2074 6578 7420 746f Output text to\n-00032820: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 6120 4744 be used as a GD\n-00032830: 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 666f 7220 6120 B command for a \n-00032840: 4744 4220 7365 7373 696f 6e20 7573 696e GDB session usin\n-00032850: 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2067 6462 5f67 g the. gdb_g\n-00032860: 7275 6220 7363 7269 7074 2061 6e64 2061 rub script and a\n-00032870: 7474 6163 6865 6420 746f 2061 2072 756e ttached to a run\n-00032880: 6e69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 696e 7374 616e ning GRUB instan\n-00032890: 6365 2e20 2054 6865 2047 4442 0a20 2020 ce. The GDB. \n-000328a0: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7468 6174 2069 command that i\n-000328b0: 7320 6f75 7470 7574 2077 696c 6c20 7465 s output will te\n-000328c0: 6c6c 2047 4442 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 6c6f ll GDB how to lo\n-000328d0: 6164 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2073 796d ad debugging sym\n-000328e0: 626f 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 bols. to the\n-000328f0: 6972 2070 726f 7065 7220 7275 6e74 696d ir proper runtim\n-00032900: 6520 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 4375 7272 e address. Curr\n-00032910: 656e 746c 7920 7468 6973 2069 7320 6f6e ently this is on\n-00032920: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 ly available. \n-00032930: 2020 666f 7220 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f for EFI platfo\n-00032940: 726d 732e 2020 5365 6520 7468 6520 4465 rms. See the De\n-00032950: 6275 6767 696e 6720 696e 2074 6865 2064 bugging in the d\n-00032960: 6576 656c 6f70 6572 0a20 2020 2020 646f eveloper. do\n-00032970: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 cumentation for \n-00032980: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e more information\n-00032990: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000329a0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6574 info, Node: get\n-000329b0: 7465 7874 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 7074 text, Next: gpt\n-000329c0: 7379 6e63 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6462 sync, Prev: gdb\n-000329d0: 696e 666f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 info, Up: Comma\n-000329e0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-000329f0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3120 6765 7474 6578 ..17.4.31 gettex\n-00032a00: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n-00032a10: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00032a20: 6765 7474 6578 7420 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 gettext string. \n-00032a30: 2020 2020 5472 616e 736c 6174 6520 5354 Translate ST\n-00032a40: 5249 4e47 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6375 RING into the cu\n-00032a50: 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a rrent language..\n-00032a60: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e . The curren\n-00032a70: 7420 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 6f64 6520 t language code \n-00032a80: 6973 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 2074 6865 is stored in the\n-00032a90: 20e2 8098 6c61 6e67 e280 9920 7661 7269 ...lang... vari\n-00032aa0: 6162 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 able in. GRU\n-00032ab0: 4227 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 B's environment \n-00032ac0: 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 616e 673a 3a29 2e20 (*note lang::). \n-00032ad0: 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c Translation fil\n-00032ae0: 6573 2069 6e20 4d4f 2066 6f72 6d61 740a es in MO format.\n-00032af0: 2020 2020 2061 7265 2072 6561 6420 6672 are read fr\n-00032b00: 6f6d 20e2 8098 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 om ...locale_dir\n-00032b10: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f63 616c ... (*note local\n-00032b20: 655f 6469 723a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c e_dir::), usuall\n-00032b30: 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f y. .../boot/\n-00032b40: 6772 7562 2f6c 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 2e0a grub/locale.....\n-00032b50: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00032b60: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7074 7379 fo, Node: gptsy\n-00032b70: 6e63 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 616c 742c nc, Next: halt,\n-00032b80: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c Prev: gettext,\n-00032b90: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00032ba0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00032bb0: 342e 3332 2067 7074 7379 6e63 0a2d 2d2d 4.32 gptsync.---\n-00032bc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00032bd0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 7074 7379 - Command: gptsy\n-00032be0: 6e63 2064 6576 6963 6520 5b70 6172 7469 nc device [parti\n-00032bf0: 7469 6f6e 5b2b 2f2d 5b74 7970 655d 5d5d tion[+/-[type]]]\n-00032c00: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4469 736b 7320 .... Disks \n-00032c10: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4755 4944 2050 using the GUID P\n-00032c20: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 artition Table (\n-00032c30: 4750 5429 2061 6c73 6f20 6861 7665 2061 GPT) also have a\n-00032c40: 206c 6567 6163 790a 2020 2020 204d 6173 legacy. Mas\n-00032c50: 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 ter Boot Record \n-00032c60: 284d 4252 2920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 (MBR) partition \n-00032c70: 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 table for compat\n-00032c80: 6962 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 ibility with the\n-00032c90: 0a20 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2077 . BIOS and w\n-00032ca0: 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 6f70 6572 6174 ith older operat\n-00032cb0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 5468 ing systems. Th\n-00032cc0: 6520 6c65 6761 6379 204d 4252 2063 616e e legacy MBR can\n-00032cd0: 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2072 6570 7265 only. repre\n-00032ce0: 7365 6e74 2061 206c 696d 6974 6564 2073 sent a limited s\n-00032cf0: 7562 7365 7420 6f66 2047 5054 2070 6172 ubset of GPT par\n-00032d00: 7469 7469 6f6e 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a tition entries..\n-00032d10: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n-00032d20: 6e64 2070 6f70 756c 6174 6573 2074 6865 nd populates the\n-00032d30: 206c 6567 6163 7920 4d42 5220 7769 7468 legacy MBR with\n-00032d40: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2050 the specified P\n-00032d50: 4152 5449 5449 4f4e 0a20 2020 2020 656e ARTITION. en\n-00032d60: 7472 6965 7320 6f6e 2044 4556 4943 452e tries on DEVICE.\n-00032d70: 2020 5570 2074 6f20 7468 7265 6520 7061 Up to three pa\n-00032d80: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 rtitions may be \n-00032d90: 7573 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5459 5045 used... TYPE\n-00032da0: 2069 7320 616e 204d 4252 2070 6172 7469 is an MBR parti\n-00032db0: 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 3b20 tion type code; \n-00032dc0: 7072 6566 6978 2077 6974 6820 e280 9830 prefix with ...0\n-00032dd0: 78e2 8099 2069 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 x... if you want\n-00032de0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6572 2074 to. enter t\n-00032df0: 6869 7320 696e 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d his in hexadecim\n-00032e00: 616c 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6570 6172 6174 al. The separat\n-00032e10: 6f72 2062 6574 7765 656e 2050 4152 5449 or between PARTI\n-00032e20: 5449 4f4e 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 5459 TION and. TY\n-00032e30: 5045 206d 6179 2062 6520 e280 982b e280 PE may be ...+..\n-00032e40: 9920 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 . to make the pa\n-00032e50: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6163 7469 7665 2c20 rtition active, \n-00032e60: 6f72 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2074 6f20 6d61 or ...-... to ma\n-00032e70: 6b65 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e61 6374 ke it. inact\n-00032e80: 6976 653b 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 7061 ive; only one pa\n-00032e90: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2061 rtition may be a\n-00032ea0: 6374 6976 652e 2020 4966 2062 6f74 6820 ctive. If both \n-00032eb0: 7468 6520 7365 7061 7261 746f 720a 2020 the separator. \n-00032ec0: 2020 2061 6e64 2074 7970 6520 6172 6520 and type are \n-00032ed0: 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 omitted, then th\n-00032ee0: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c e partition will\n-00032ef0: 2062 6520 696e 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f be inactive....\n-00032f00: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00032f10: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 616c 742c 2020 , Node: halt, \n-00032f20: 4e65 7874 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d2c 2020 Next: hashsum, \n-00032f30: 5072 6576 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 Prev: gptsync, \n-00032f40: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00032f50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00032f60: 3333 2068 616c 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 33 halt.--------\n-00032f70: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00032f80: 643a 2068 616c 7420 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6170 d: halt [--no-ap\n-00032f90: 6d5d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d m]. The comm\n-00032fa0: 616e 6420 6861 6c74 7320 7468 6520 636f and halts the co\n-00032fb0: 6d70 7574 6572 2e20 204f 6e20 7468 6520 mputer. On the \n-00032fc0: 6933 3836 2d70 6320 7461 7267 6574 2c20 i386-pc target, \n-00032fd0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f the. ...--no\n-00032fe0: 2d61 706d e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 -apm... option, \n-00032ff0: 6f72 2073 686f 7274 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 or short ...-n..\n-00033000: 992c 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c ., is specified,\n-00033010: 206e 6f20 4150 4d20 4249 4f53 2063 616c no APM BIOS cal\n-00033020: 6c20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7065 7266 6f72 l is. perfor\n-00033030: 6d65 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c med. Otherwise,\n-00033040: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 6973 the computer is\n-00033050: 2073 6875 7420 646f 776e 2075 7369 6e67 shut down using\n-00033060: 2041 504d 206f 6e20 7468 6174 0a20 2020 APM on that. \n-00033070: 2020 7461 7267 6574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c target.....Fil\n-00033080: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00033090: 6f64 653a 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 204e ode: hashsum, N\n-000330a0: 6578 743a 2068 656c 702c 2020 5072 6576 ext: help, Prev\n-000330b0: 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d : halt, Up: Com\n-000330c0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-000330d0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3420 6861 7368 ds..17.4.34 hash\n-000330e0: 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sum.------------\n-000330f0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00033100: 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 : hashsum --hash\n-00033110: 2068 6173 6820 2d2d 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 hash --keep-goi\n-00033120: 6e67 202d 2d75 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 ng --uncompress \n-00033130: 2d2d 6368 6563 6b20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 --check file. \n-00033140: 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 [--prefix\n-00033150: 2064 6972 5d7c 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 dir]|file .... \n-00033160: 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2076 Compute or v\n-00033170: 6572 6966 7920 6669 6c65 2068 6173 6865 erify file hashe\n-00033180: 732e 2020 4861 7368 2074 7970 6520 6973 s. Hash type is\n-00033190: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7769 7468 206f selected with o\n-000331a0: 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d ption. ...--\n-000331b0: 6861 7368 e280 992e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 hash.... Suppor\n-000331c0: 7465 6420 6861 7368 6573 2061 7265 3a20 ted hashes are: \n-000331d0: e280 9861 646c 6572 3332 e280 992c 20e2 ...adler32..., .\n-000331e0: 8098 6372 6336 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 ..crc64..., ...c\n-000331f0: 7263 3332 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 rc32...,. ..\n-00033200: 9863 7263 3332 7266 6331 3531 30e2 8099 .crc32rfc1510...\n-00033210: 2c20 e280 9863 7263 3234 7266 6332 3434 , ...crc24rfc244\n-00033220: 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 6434 e280 992c 0..., ...md4...,\n-00033230: 20e2 8098 6d64 35e2 8099 2c20 e280 9872 ...md5..., ...r\n-00033240: 6970 656d 6431 3630 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ipemd160..., ...\n-00033250: 7368 6131 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 sha1...,. ..\n-00033260: 9873 6861 3232 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 .sha224..., ...s\n-00033270: 6861 3235 36e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 ha256..., ...sha\n-00033280: 3531 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3338 512..., ...sha38\n-00033290: 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9874 6967 6572 3139 4..., ...tiger19\n-000332a0: 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9874 6967 6572 e280 2..., ...tiger..\n-000332b0: 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9874 6967 6572 .,. ...tiger\n-000332c0: 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9877 6869 726c 706f 2..., ...whirlpo\n-000332d0: 6f6c e280 992e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 ol.... Option .\n-000332e0: 8098 2d2d 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 e280 ..--uncompress..\n-000332f0: 9920 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6573 2066 . uncompresses f\n-00033300: 696c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6265 666f 7265 iles. before\n-00033310: 2063 6f6d 7075 7469 6e67 2068 6173 682e computing hash.\n-00033320: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 .. When list\n-00033330: 206f 6620 6669 6c65 7320 6973 2067 6976 of files is giv\n-00033340: 656e 2c20 6861 7368 206f 6620 6561 6368 en, hash of each\n-00033350: 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 file is compute\n-00033360: 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 d and. print\n-00033370: 6564 2c20 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 ed, followed by \n-00033380: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2065 6163 6820 file name, each \n-00033390: 6669 6c65 206f 6e20 6120 6e65 7720 6c69 file on a new li\n-000333a0: 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 206f ne... When o\n-000333b0: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d63 6865 636b ption ...--check\n-000333c0: e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 ... is given, it\n-000333d0: 2070 6f69 6e74 7320 746f 2061 2066 696c points to a fil\n-000333e0: 6520 7468 6174 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 730a e that contains.\n-000333f0: 2020 2020 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2048 4153 list of HAS\n-00033400: 4820 4e41 4d45 2070 6169 7273 2069 6e20 H NAME pairs in \n-00033410: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 the same format \n-00033420: 6173 2075 7365 6420 6279 2055 4e49 5820 as used by UNIX \n-00033430: e280 986d 6435 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 ...md5sum.... \n-00033440: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 4f70 7469 command. Opti\n-00033450: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 e280 on ...--prefix..\n-00033460: 9920 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f . may be used to\n-00033470: 2067 6976 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 give directory \n-00033480: 7768 6572 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 where. files\n-00033490: 2061 7265 206c 6f63 6174 6564 2e20 2048 are located. H\n-000334a0: 6173 6820 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e ash verification\n-000334b0: 2073 746f 7073 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 stops after the\n-000334c0: 2066 6972 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6d69 736d first. mism\n-000334d0: 6174 6368 2077 6173 2066 6f75 6e64 2075 atch was found u\n-000334e0: 6e6c 6573 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 nless option ...\n-000334f0: 2d2d 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 6e67 e280 9920 --keep-going... \n-00033500: 7761 7320 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 5468 650a was given. The.\n-00033510: 2020 2020 2065 7869 7420 636f 6465 20e2 exit code .\n-00033520: 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 ..$?... is set t\n-00033530: 6f20 3020 6966 2068 6173 6820 7665 7269 o 0 if hash veri\n-00033540: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 6363 fication is succ\n-00033550: 6573 7366 756c 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 essful. If. \n-00033560: 2069 7420 6661 696c 732c 20e2 8098 243f it fails, ...$?\n-00033570: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 ... is set to a \n-00033580: 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a nonzero value...\n-00033590: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000335a0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 o, Node: help, \n-000335b0: 204e 6578 743a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 Next: hexdump, \n-000335c0: 2050 7265 763a 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 Prev: hashsum, \n-000335d0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-000335e0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-000335f0: 2e33 3520 6865 6c70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .35 help.-------\n-00033600: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00033610: 6e64 3a20 6865 6c70 205b 7061 7474 6572 nd: help [patter\n-00033620: 6e20 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 n ...]. Disp\n-00033630: 6c61 7920 6865 6c70 6675 6c20 696e 666f lay helpful info\n-00033640: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 6275 rmation about bu\n-00033650: 696c 7469 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 iltin commands. \n-00033660: 2049 6620 796f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 0a20 If you do not. \n-00033670: 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 7920 5041 5454 specify PATT\n-00033680: 4552 4e2c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e ERN, this comman\n-00033690: 6420 7368 6f77 7320 7368 6f72 7420 6465 d shows short de\n-000336a0: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e73 206f 6620 616c scriptions of al\n-000336b0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 l. available\n-000336c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 commands... \n-000336d0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 If you specify \n-000336e0: 616e 7920 5041 5454 4552 4e53 2c20 6974 any PATTERNS, it\n-000336f0: 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 6c6f 6e67 6572 displays longer\n-00033700: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f information abo\n-00033710: 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6561 6368 206f 6620 ut. each of \n-00033720: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 686f the commands who\n-00033730: 7365 206e 616d 6573 2062 6567 696e 2077 se names begin w\n-00033740: 6974 6820 7468 6f73 6520 5041 5454 4552 ith those PATTER\n-00033750: 4e53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 NS.....File: gru\n-00033760: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 b.info, Node: h\n-00033770: 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 exdump, Next: i\n-00033780: 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6865 nsmod, Prev: he\n-00033790: 6c70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 lp, Up: Command\n-000337a0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-000337b0: 3137 2e34 2e33 3620 6865 7864 756d 700a 17.4.36 hexdump.\n-000337c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-000337d0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6865 . -- Command: he\n-000337e0: 7864 756d 7020 5b2d 2d73 6b69 7020 6f66 xdump [--skip of\n-000337f0: 6673 6574 5d20 5b2d 2d6c 656e 6774 6820 fset] [--length \n-00033800: 6c65 6e5d 2046 494c 455f 4f52 5f44 4556 len] FILE_OR_DEV\n-00033810: 4943 450a 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 7261 ICE. Show ra\n-00033820: 7720 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 6120 w contents of a \n-00033830: 6669 6c65 206f 7220 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 file or memory. \n-00033840: 2057 6865 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 When option ...\n-00033850: 2d2d 736b 6970 e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 --skip... is. \n-00033860: 2020 6769 7665 6e2c 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 given, ...offs\n-00033870: 6574 e280 9920 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 et... number of \n-00033880: 6279 7465 7320 6172 6520 736b 6970 7065 bytes are skippe\n-00033890: 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 d from the start\n-000338a0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2064 6576 of the. dev\n-000338b0: 6963 6520 6f72 2066 696c 6520 6769 7665 ice or file give\n-000338c0: 6e2e 2020 416e 6420 e280 982d 2d6c 656e n. And ...--len\n-000338d0: 6774 68e2 8099 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7370 gth... allows sp\n-000338e0: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2061 206d 6178 696d ecifying a maxim\n-000338f0: 756d 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 206f um. number o\n-00033900: 6620 6279 7465 7320 746f 2062 6520 7368 f bytes to be sh\n-00033910: 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6769 own... If gi\n-00033920: 7665 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 ven the special \n-00033930: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 device named ...\n-00033940: 286d 656d 29e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2074 (mem)..., then t\n-00033950: 6865 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 6574 e280 9920 he ...offset... \n-00033960: 6769 7665 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 given. to ..\n-00033970: 982d 2d73 6b69 70e2 8099 2069 7320 7472 .--skip... is tr\n-00033980: 6561 7465 6420 6173 2074 6865 2061 6464 eated as the add\n-00033990: 7265 7373 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6d6f 7279 ress of a memory\n-000339a0: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 746f 2064 756d location to dum\n-000339b0: 700a 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d2e 0a0a 1f0a p. from.....\n-000339c0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-000339d0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 Node: insmod, \n-000339e0: 204e 6578 743a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 Next: keystatus\n-000339f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 , Prev: hexdump\n-00033a00: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-00033a10: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00033a20: 2e34 2e33 3720 696e 736d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d .4.37 insmod.---\n-00033a30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00033a40: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 Command: insmod\n-00033a50: 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 module. Ins\n-00033a60: 6572 7420 7468 6520 6479 6e61 6d69 6320 ert the dynamic \n-00033a70: 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6361 6c6c GRUB module call\n-00033a80: 6564 204d 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ed MODULE.....Fi\n-00033a90: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00033aa0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c Node: keystatus,\n-00033ab0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 Next: list_env\n-00033ac0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c , Prev: insmod,\n-00033ad0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00033ae0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00033af0: 342e 3338 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 0a2d 4.38 keystatus.-\n-00033b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00033b10: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206b .. -- Command: k\n-00033b20: 6579 7374 6174 7573 205b 2d2d 7368 6966 eystatus [--shif\n-00033b30: 745d 205b 2d2d 6374 726c 5d20 5b2d 2d61 t] [--ctrl] [--a\n-00033b40: 6c74 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 7572 6e20 lt]. Return \n-00033b50: 7472 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 5368 6966 true if the Shif\n-00033b60: 742c 2043 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2c20 6f72 2041 t, Control, or A\n-00033b70: 6c74 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 6b65 7973 lt modifier keys\n-00033b80: 2061 7265 2068 656c 640a 2020 2020 2064 are held. d\n-00033b90: 6f77 6e2c 2061 7320 7265 7175 6573 7465 own, as requeste\n-00033ba0: 6420 6279 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 d by options. T\n-00033bb0: 6869 7320 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e his is useful in\n-00033bc0: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 746f 0a20 scripting, to. \n-00033bd0: 2020 2020 616c 6c6f 7720 736f 6d65 2075 allow some u\n-00033be0: 7365 7220 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 6f76 6572 ser control over\n-00033bf0: 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 2077 6974 686f behaviour witho\n-00033c00: 7574 2068 6176 696e 6720 746f 2077 6169 ut having to wai\n-00033c10: 7420 666f 7220 610a 2020 2020 206b 6579 t for a. key\n-00033c20: 7072 6573 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 press... Che\n-00033c30: 636b 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 cking key modifi\n-00033c40: 6572 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 206f 6e6c er status is onl\n-00033c50: 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2073 y supported on s\n-00033c60: 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a20 ome platforms.. \n-00033c70: 2020 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 If invoked w\n-00033c80: 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 206f 7074 696f ithout any optio\n-00033c90: 6e73 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986b 6579 7374 ns, the ...keyst\n-00033ca0: 6174 7573 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 atus... command \n-00033cb0: 7265 7475 726e 730a 2020 2020 2074 7275 returns. tru\n-00033cc0: 6520 6966 2061 6e64 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 e if and only if\n-00033cd0: 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f checking key mo\n-00033ce0: 6469 6669 6572 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 difier status is\n-00033cf0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 supported.....F\n-00033d00: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00033d10: 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c Node: list_env,\n-00033d20: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 Next: list_tru\n-00033d30: 7374 6564 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206b 6579 sted, Prev: key\n-00033d40: 7374 6174 7573 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d status, Up: Com\n-00033d50: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00033d60: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3920 6c69 7374 ds..17.4.39 list\n-00033d70: 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _env.-----------\n-00033d80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00033d90: 6e64 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d nd: list_env [--\n-00033da0: 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 file file]. \n-00033db0: 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 6961 626c List all variabl\n-00033dc0: 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f es in the enviro\n-00033dd0: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 nment block file\n-00033de0: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 456e . *Note. En\n-00033df0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a vironment block:\n-00033e00: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 :... The ...\n-00033e10: 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e --file... option\n-00033e20: 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 overrides the d\n-00033e30: 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 efault location \n-00033e40: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 of the. envi\n-00033e50: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a ronment block...\n-00033e60: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00033e70: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 o, Node: list_t\n-00033e80: 7275 7374 6564 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c rusted, Next: l\n-00033e90: 6f61 645f 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 oad_env, Prev: \n-00033ea0: 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 list_env, Up: C\n-00033eb0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00033ec0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3020 6c69 ands..17.4.40 li\n-00033ed0: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d st_trusted.-----\n-00033ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00033ef0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 . -- Command: li\n-00033f00: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 st_trusted. \n-00033f10: 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2070 7562 6c69 6320 List all public \n-00033f20: 6b65 7973 2074 7275 7374 6564 2062 7920 keys trusted by \n-00033f30: 4752 5542 2066 6f72 2076 616c 6964 6174 GRUB for validat\n-00033f40: 696e 6720 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2e0a ing signatures..\n-00033f50: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f 7574 7075 7420 The output \n-00033f60: 6973 2069 6e20 4750 4727 7320 7634 206b is in GPG's v4 k\n-00033f70: 6579 2066 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 2066 ey fingerprint f\n-00033f80: 6f72 6d61 7420 2869 2e65 2e2c 2074 6865 ormat (i.e., the\n-00033f90: 206f 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 206f 6620 output. of \n-00033fa0: e280 9867 7067 202d 2d66 696e 6765 7270 ...gpg --fingerp\n-00033fb0: 7269 6e74 e280 9929 2e20 2054 6865 206c rint...). The l\n-00033fc0: 6561 7374 2073 6967 6e69 6669 6361 6e74 east significant\n-00033fd0: 2066 6f75 7220 6279 7465 7320 286c 6173 four bytes (las\n-00033fe0: 740a 2020 2020 2065 6967 6874 2068 6578 t. eight hex\n-00033ff0: 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 adecimal digits)\n-00034000: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 can be used as \n-00034010: 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 20e2 an argument to .\n-00034020: 8098 6469 7374 7275 7374 e280 990a 2020 ..distrust.... \n-00034030: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 (*note distru\n-00034040: 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 st::). *Note Us\n-00034050: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital sign\n-00034060: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f atures::, for mo\n-00034070: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 re. informat\n-00034080: 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7573 6573 2066 ion about uses f\n-00034090: 6f72 2074 6865 7365 206b 6579 732e 0a0a or these keys...\n-000340a0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000340b0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 o, Node: load_e\n-000340c0: 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f61 6466 nv, Next: loadf\n-000340d0: 6f6e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 ont, Prev: list\n-000340e0: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 _trusted, Up: C\n-000340f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00034100: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3120 6c6f ands..17.4.41 lo\n-00034110: 6164 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ad_env.---------\n-00034120: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00034130: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 205b mand: load_env [\n-00034140: 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d 205b 2d2d --file file] [--\n-00034150: 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 skip-sig]. \n-00034160: 2020 2020 5b77 6869 7465 6c69 7374 6564 [whitelisted\n-00034170: 5f76 6172 6961 626c 655f 6e61 6d65 5d20 _variable_name] \n-00034180: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 616c .... Load al\n-00034190: 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d l variables from\n-000341a0: 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 the environment\n-000341b0: 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 6520 696e 746f block file into\n-000341c0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f the. enviro\n-000341d0: 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 456e nment. *Note En\n-000341e0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a vironment block:\n-000341f0: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 :... The ...\n-00034200: 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e --file... option\n-00034210: 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 overrides the d\n-00034220: 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 efault location \n-00034230: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 of the. envi\n-00034240: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a ronment block...\n-00034250: 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b The ...--sk\n-00034260: 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ip-sig... option\n-00034270: 2073 6b69 7073 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 skips signature\n-00034280: 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 6576 656e 2077 checking even w\n-00034290: 6865 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c hen the. val\n-000342a0: 7565 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ue of environmen\n-000342b0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 t variable ...ch\n-000342c0: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 eck_signatures..\n-000342d0: 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 . is set to. \n-000342e0: 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2028 ...enforce... (\n-000342f0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e *note check_sign\n-00034300: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 atures::)... \n-00034310: 2049 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 If one or more \n-00034320: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2061 variable names a\n-00034330: 7265 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6173 2061 re provided as a\n-00034340: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7468 6579 2061 rguments, they a\n-00034350: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7270 7265 re. interpre\n-00034360: 7465 6420 6173 2061 2077 6869 7465 6c69 ted as a whiteli\n-00034370: 7374 206f 6620 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 st of variables \n-00034380: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 to load from the\n-00034390: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e . environmen\n-000343a0: 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 2056 t block file. V\n-000343b0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2073 6574 2069 6e20 ariables set in \n-000343c0: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2062 7574 206e 6f74 the file but not\n-000343d0: 2070 7265 7365 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 696e present. in\n-000343e0: 2074 6865 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2061 the whitelist a\n-000343f0: 7265 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 re ignored... \n-00034400: 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d The ...--skip-\n-00034410: 7369 67e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7368 sig... option sh\n-00034420: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7573 6564 2077 6974 ould be used wit\n-00034430: 6820 6361 7265 2c20 616e 6420 7368 6f75 h care, and shou\n-00034440: 6c64 2061 6c77 6179 730a 2020 2020 2062 ld always. b\n-00034450: 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 636f 6e63 6572 e used in concer\n-00034460: 7420 7769 7468 2061 2077 6869 7465 6c69 t with a whiteli\n-00034470: 7374 206f 6620 6163 6365 7074 6162 6c65 st of acceptable\n-00034480: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 686f 7365 variables whose\n-00034490: 0a20 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6573 2073 686f . values sho\n-000344a0: 756c 6420 6265 2073 6574 2e20 2046 6169 uld be set. Fai\n-000344b0: 6c75 7265 2074 6f20 656d 706c 6f79 2061 lure to employ a\n-000344c0: 2063 6172 6566 756c 6c79 2063 6f6e 7374 carefully const\n-000344d0: 7275 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6974 ructed. whit\n-000344e0: 656c 6973 7420 636f 756c 6420 7265 7375 elist could resu\n-000344f0: 6c74 2069 6e20 7265 6164 696e 6720 6120 lt in reading a \n-00034500: 6d61 6c69 6369 6f75 7320 7661 6c75 6520 malicious value \n-00034510: 696e 746f 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 2020 into critical. \n-00034520: 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 environment v\n-00034530: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 ariables from th\n-00034540: 6520 6669 6c65 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 e file, such as \n-00034550: 7365 7474 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 setting. ...\n-00034560: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n-00034570: 3d6e 6fe2 8099 2c20 6d6f 6469 6679 696e =no..., modifyin\n-00034580: 6720 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2074 g ...prefix... t\n-00034590: 6f20 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d20 616e 0a20 o boot from an. \n-000345a0: 2020 2020 756e 6578 7065 6374 6564 206c unexpected l\n-000345b0: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f72 206e 6f74 2061 ocation or not a\n-000345c0: 7420 616c 6c2c 2065 7463 2e0a 0a20 2020 t all, etc... \n-000345d0: 2020 5768 656e 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 When used with\n-000345e0: 2063 6172 652c 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 care, ...--skip\n-000345f0: 2d73 6967 e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 6520 -sig... and the \n-00034600: 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 656e 6162 6c65 whitelist enable\n-00034610: 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 646d 696e 6973 an. adminis\n-00034620: 7472 6174 6f72 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 trator to config\n-00034630: 7572 6520 6120 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 ure a system to \n-00034640: 626f 6f74 206f 6e6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 boot only signed\n-00034650: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 . configurat\n-00034660: 696f 6e73 2c20 6275 7420 746f 2061 6c6c ions, but to all\n-00034670: 6f77 2074 6865 2075 7365 7220 746f 2073 ow the user to s\n-00034680: 656c 6563 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 6d6f 6e67 elect from among\n-00034690: 206d 756c 7469 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 multiple. c\n-000346a0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2061 onfigurations, a\n-000346b0: 6e64 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2022 6f6e nd to enable \"on\n-000346c0: 652d 7368 6f74 2220 626f 6f74 2061 7474 e-shot\" boot att\n-000346d0: 656d 7074 7320 616e 640a 2020 2020 2022 empts and. \"\n-000346e0: 7361 7665 6465 6661 756c 7422 2062 6568 savedefault\" beh\n-000346f0: 6176 696f 722e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 avior. *Note Us\n-00034700: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital sign\n-00034710: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f atures::, for mo\n-00034720: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 re. informat\n-00034730: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n-00034740: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00034750: 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a loadfont, Next:\n-00034760: 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 loopback, Prev\n-00034770: 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a : load_env, Up:\n-00034780: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00034790: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3220 mmands..17.4.42 \n-000347a0: 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d loadfont.-------\n-000347b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-000347c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 ommand: loadfont\n-000347d0: 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c file .... L\n-000347e0: 6f61 6420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 666f oad specified fo\n-000347f0: 6e74 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2055 6e6c 6573 nt files. Unles\n-00034800: 7320 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2070 6174 686e s absolute pathn\n-00034810: 616d 6520 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 4649 ame is given, FI\n-00034820: 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 7373 756d LE. is assum\n-00034830: 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e20 6469 7265 ed to be in dire\n-00034840: 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9824 7072 6566 6978 ctory ...$prefix\n-00034850: 2f66 6f6e 7473 e280 9920 7769 7468 2073 /fonts... with s\n-00034860: 7566 6669 7820 e280 982e 7066 32e2 8099 uffix ....pf2...\n-00034870: 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2e20 . appended. \n-00034880: 202a 4e6f 7465 2046 6f6e 7473 3a20 5468 *Note Fonts: Th\n-00034890: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e eme file format.\n-000348a0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000348b0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 nfo, Node: loop\n-000348c0: 6261 636b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 732c back, Next: ls,\n-000348d0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 Prev: loadfont\n-000348e0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-000348f0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-00034900: 2e34 2e34 3320 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 0a2d .4.43 loopback.-\n-00034910: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00034920: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f . -- Command: lo\n-00034930: 6f70 6261 636b 205b 2d64 5d20 5b2d 445d opback [-d] [-D]\n-00034940: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 device file. \n-00034950: 2020 4d61 6b65 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 Make the devic\n-00034960: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 4445 5649 4345 2063 e named DEVICE c\n-00034970: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6420 746f 2074 6865 orrespond to the\n-00034980: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 contents of the\n-00034990: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d . filesystem\n-000349a0: 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 image in FILE. \n-000349b0: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 For example:.. \n-000349c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 loopbac\n-000349d0: 6b20 6c6f 6f70 3020 2f70 6174 682f 746f k loop0 /path/to\n-000349e0: 2f69 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 /image. \n-000349f0: 206c 7320 286c 6f6f 7030 292f 0a0a 2020 ls (loop0)/.. \n-00034a00: 2020 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 Specifying th\n-00034a10: 6520 e280 982d 44e2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-D... optio\n-00034a20: 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 206c 6f6f n allows the loo\n-00034a30: 7062 6163 6b20 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 6265 pback file to be\n-00034a40: 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 7061 7265 6e74 . tranparent\n-00034a50: 6c79 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6420 ly decompressed \n-00034a60: 6966 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2061 if there is an a\n-00034a70: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2064 6563 6f6d ppropriate decom\n-00034a80: 7072 6573 736f 720a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 pressor. loa\n-00034a90: 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 ded... With \n-00034aa0: 7468 6520 e280 982d 64e2 8099 206f 7074 the ...-d... opt\n-00034ab0: 696f 6e2c 2064 656c 6574 6520 6120 6465 ion, delete a de\n-00034ac0: 7669 6365 2070 7265 7669 6f75 736c 7920 vice previously \n-00034ad0: 6372 6561 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 created using th\n-00034ae0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e is. command.\n-00034af0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00034b00: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 2c20 nfo, Node: ls, \n-00034b10: 204e 6578 743a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 Next: lsfonts, \n-00034b20: 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c Prev: loopback,\n-00034b30: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00034b40: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00034b50: 342e 3434 206c 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.44 ls.--------\n-00034b60: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00034b70: 206c 7320 5b61 7267 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 ls [arg ...]. \n-00034b80: 2020 204c 6973 7420 6465 7669 6365 7320 List devices \n-00034b90: 6f72 2066 696c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 or files... \n-00034ba0: 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 With no argument\n-00034bb0: 732c 2070 7269 6e74 2061 6c6c 2064 6576 s, print all dev\n-00034bc0: 6963 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 4752 ices known to GR\n-00034bd0: 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 UB... If the\n-00034be0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 2064 argument is a d\n-00034bf0: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2065 6e63 6c6f evice name enclo\n-00034c00: 7365 6420 696e 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 sed in parenthes\n-00034c10: 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2044 es (*note. D\n-00034c20: 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c evice syntax::),\n-00034c30: 2074 6865 6e20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 then print the \n-00034c40: 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 name of the file\n-00034c50: 7379 7374 656d 206f 6620 7468 6174 0a20 system of that. \n-00034c60: 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 device... \n-00034c70: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e If the argumen\n-00034c80: 7420 6973 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 t is a directory\n-00034c90: 2067 6976 656e 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 given as an abs\n-00034ca0: 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a olute file name.\n-00034cb0: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 (*note File\n-00034cc0: 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c name syntax::),\n-00034cd0: 2074 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2063 then list the c\n-00034ce0: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6861 740a ontents of that.\n-00034cf0: 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2e0a directory..\n-00034d00: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00034d10: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 7366 6f6e fo, Node: lsfon\n-00034d20: 7473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 736d 6f64 ts, Next: lsmod\n-00034d30: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 732c 2020 5570 , Prev: ls, Up\n-00034d40: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00034d50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3435 ommands..17.4.45\n-00034d60: 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lsfonts.-------\n-00034d70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00034d80: 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a20 mmand: lsfonts. \n-00034d90: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206c 6f61 6465 6420 List loaded \n-00034da0: 666f 6e74 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 fonts.....File: \n-00034db0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00034dc0: 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : lsmod, Next: \n-00034dd0: 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c md5sum, Prev: l\n-00034de0: 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d sfonts, Up: Com\n-00034df0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00034e00: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3620 6c73 6d6f ds..17.4.46 lsmo\n-00034e10: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a d.-------------.\n-00034e20: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 . -- Command: ls\n-00034e30: 6d6f 640a 2020 2020 2053 686f 7720 6c69 mod. Show li\n-00034e40: 7374 206f 6620 6c6f 6164 6564 206d 6f64 st of loaded mod\n-00034e50: 756c 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ules.....File: g\n-00034e60: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00034e70: 206d 6435 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 md5sum, Next: \n-00034e80: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c module, Prev: l\n-00034e90: 736d 6f64 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 smod, Up: Comma\n-00034ea0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00034eb0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3720 6d64 3573 756d ..17.4.47 md5sum\n-00034ec0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n-00034ed0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d64 . -- Command: md\n-00034ee0: 3573 756d 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 5sum arg .... \n-00034ef0: 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 Alias for ...h\n-00034f00: 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6d64 ashsum --hash md\n-00034f10: 3520 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 5 arg ....... S\n-00034f20: 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 ee command ...ha\n-00034f30: 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a shsum.... (*\n-00034f40: 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 note hashsum::) \n-00034f50: 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 for full descrip\n-00034f60: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n-00034f70: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00034f80: 206d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 module, Next: \n-00034f90: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 multiboot, Prev\n-00034fa0: 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : md5sum, Up: C\n-00034fb0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00034fc0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3820 6d6f ands..17.4.48 mo\n-00034fd0: 6475 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dule.-----------\n-00034fe0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00034ff0: 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 205b 2d2d 6e6f 756e : module [--noun\n-00035000: 7a69 705d 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d zip] file [argum\n-00035010: 656e 7473 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 ents]. Load \n-00035020: 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 756c a module for mul\n-00035030: 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d tiboot kernel im\n-00035040: 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f age. The rest o\n-00035050: 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 f the line is. \n-00035060: 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 passed verbat\n-00035070: 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 im as the module\n-00035080: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652e 0a0a command line...\n-00035090: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000350a0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 o, Node: multib\n-000350b0: 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e61 7469 oot, Next: nati\n-000350c0: 7665 6469 736b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d vedisk, Prev: m\n-000350d0: 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d odule, Up: Comm\n-000350e0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-000350f0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3439 206d 756c 7469 s..17.4.49 multi\n-00035100: 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d boot.-----------\n-00035110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-00035120: 616e 643a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 205b and: multiboot [\n-00035130: 2d2d 7175 6972 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c 7564 --quirk-bad-klud\n-00035140: 6765 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d ge]. [-\n-00035150: 2d71 7569 726b 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 2d61 -quirk-modules-a\n-00035160: 6674 6572 2d6b 6572 6e65 6c5d 2066 696c fter-kernel] fil\n-00035170: 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 e .... Load \n-00035180: 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e a multiboot kern\n-00035190: 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 el image from FI\n-000351a0: 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 LE. The rest of\n-000351b0: 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 the line is. \n-000351c0: 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 passed verbati\n-000351d0: 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e m as the ...kern\n-000351e0: 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 el command-line.\n-000351f0: 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 206d 6f64 756c 6520 ... Any module \n-00035200: 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2072 656c must be. rel\n-00035210: 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e oaded after usin\n-00035220: 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 g this command (\n-00035230: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 292e *note module::).\n-00035240: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e .. Some kern\n-00035250: 656c 7320 6861 7665 206b 6e6f 776e 2070 els have known p\n-00035260: 726f 626c 656d 732e 2020 596f 7520 6e65 roblems. You ne\n-00035270: 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 2d71 ed to specify -q\n-00035280: 7569 726b 2d2a 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 uirk-* for. \n-00035290: 7468 6f73 652e 2020 2d71 7569 726b 2d62 those. -quirk-b\n-000352a0: 6164 2d6b 6c75 6467 6520 6973 2061 2070 ad-kludge is a p\n-000352b0: 726f 626c 656d 2073 6565 6e20 696e 2073 roblem seen in s\n-000352c0: 6576 6572 616c 2070 726f 6475 6374 730a everal products.\n-000352d0: 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 7468 6579 2069 that they i\n-000352e0: 6e63 6c75 6465 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206b nclude loading k\n-000352f0: 6c75 6467 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f ludge informatio\n-00035300: 6e20 7769 7468 2069 6e76 616c 6964 2064 n with invalid d\n-00035310: 6174 6120 696e 0a20 2020 2020 454c 4620 ata in. ELF \n-00035320: 6669 6c65 2e20 2047 5255 4220 7072 696f file. GRUB prio\n-00035330: 7220 746f 2030 2e39 3720 616e 6420 736f r to 0.97 and so\n-00035340: 6d65 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6275 696c 6473 me custom builds\n-00035350: 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2045 4c46 0a20 preferred ELF. \n-00035360: 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 information \n-00035370: 7768 696c 6520 302e 3937 2061 6e64 2047 while 0.97 and G\n-00035380: 5255 4220 3220 7573 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 RUB 2 use kludge\n-00035390: 2e20 2055 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 . Use this opti\n-000353a0: 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2069 676e 6f72 on to. ignor\n-000353b0: 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 204b 6e6f 776e e kludge. Known\n-000353c0: 2061 6666 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d affected system\n-000353d0: 733a 206f 6c64 2053 6f6c 6172 6973 2c20 s: old Solaris, \n-000353e0: 536b 794f 532e 0a0a 2020 2020 202d 7175 SkyOS... -qu\n-000353f0: 6972 6b2d 6d6f 6475 6c65 732d 6166 7465 irk-modules-afte\n-00035400: 722d 6b65 726e 656c 2069 7320 6e65 6564 r-kernel is need\n-00035410: 6564 2066 6f72 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2077 ed for kernels w\n-00035420: 6869 6368 206c 6f61 6420 6174 0a20 2020 hich load at. \n-00035430: 2020 7265 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2068 6967 relatively hig\n-00035440: 6820 6164 6472 6573 7320 652e 672e 2020 h address e.g. \n-00035450: 3136 4d69 4220 6d61 726b 2061 6e64 2063 16MiB mark and c\n-00035460: 616e 2774 2063 6f70 6520 7769 7468 0a20 an't cope with. \n-00035470: 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 7374 7566 modules stuf\n-00035480: 6665 6420 6265 7477 6565 6e20 314d 6942 fed between 1MiB\n-00035490: 206d 6172 6b20 616e 6420 6265 6769 6e6e mark and beginn\n-000354a0: 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 ing of the kerne\n-000354b0: 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 4b6e 6f77 6e20 6166 l.. Known af\n-000354c0: 6674 6563 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a ftected systems:\n-000354d0: 2056 4d57 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 VMWare.....File\n-000354e0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-000354f0: 6465 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 de: nativedisk, \n-00035500: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 Next: normal, \n-00035510: 5072 6576 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c Prev: multiboot,\n-00035520: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00035530: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00035540: 342e 3530 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b0a 4.50 nativedisk.\n-00035550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00035560: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00035570: 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b0a 2020 2020 nativedisk. \n-00035580: 2053 7769 7463 6820 6672 6f6d 2066 6972 Switch from fir\n-00035590: 6d77 6172 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 mware disk drive\n-000355a0: 7273 2074 6f20 6e61 7469 7665 206f 6e65 rs to native one\n-000355b0: 732e 2020 5265 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6675 s. Really usefu\n-000355c0: 6c0a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 l. only on p\n-000355d0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2062 latforms where b\n-000355e0: 6f74 6820 6669 726d 7761 7265 2061 6e64 oth firmware and\n-000355f0: 206e 6174 6976 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 native disk dri\n-00035600: 7665 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2061 7661 ves are. ava\n-00035610: 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2043 7572 7265 6e74 ilable. Current\n-00035620: 6c79 2069 3338 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 ly i386-pc, i386\n-00035630: 2d65 6669 2c20 6933 3836 2d69 6565 6531 -efi, i386-ieee1\n-00035640: 3237 3520 616e 640a 2020 2020 2078 3836 275 and. x86\n-00035650: 5f36 342d 6566 692e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 _64-efi.....File\n-00035660: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00035670: 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 de: normal, Nex\n-00035680: 743a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 t: normal_exit, \n-00035690: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 Prev: nativedis\n-000356a0: 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d k, Up: Command-\n-000356b0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-000356c0: 372e 342e 3531 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 7.4.51 normal.--\n-000356d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-000356e0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 - Command: norma\n-000356f0: 6c20 5b66 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 456e l [file]. En\n-00035700: 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 ter normal mode \n-00035710: 616e 6420 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 and display the \n-00035720: 4752 5542 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 GRUB menu... \n-00035730: 2049 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652c In normal mode,\n-00035740: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2066 696c 6573 commands, files\n-00035750: 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 ystem modules, a\n-00035760: 6e64 2063 7279 7074 6f67 7261 7068 790a nd cryptography.\n-00035770: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 modules are\n-00035780: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 206c automatically l\n-00035790: 6f61 6465 642c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 oaded, and the f\n-000357a0: 756c 6c20 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 ull GRUB script \n-000357b0: 7061 7273 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 parser. is a\n-000357c0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 vailable. Other\n-000357d0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 modules may be \n-000357e0: 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 explicitly loade\n-000357f0: 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 d using. ...\n-00035800: 696e 736d 6f64 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 insmod... (*note\n-00035810: 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 insmod::)... \n-00035820: 2020 4966 2061 2046 494c 4520 6973 2067 If a FILE is g\n-00035830: 6976 656e 2c20 7468 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 iven, then comma\n-00035840: 6e64 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 6164 nds will be read\n-00035850: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6174 2066 696c 652e from that file.\n-00035860: 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c . Otherwise,\n-00035870: 2074 6865 7920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 they will be re\n-00035880: 6164 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9824 7072 6566 ad from ...$pref\n-00035890: 6978 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 ix/grub.cfg... i\n-000358a0: 6620 6974 2065 7869 7374 732e 0a0a 2020 f it exists... \n-000358b0: 2020 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 ...normal... \n-000358c0: 6d61 7920 6265 2063 616c 6c65 6420 6672 may be called fr\n-000358d0: 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c om within normal\n-000358e0: 206d 6f64 652c 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 mode, creating \n-000358f0: 6120 6e65 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 656e a nested. en\n-00035900: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 4974 2069 vironment. It i\n-00035910: 7320 6d6f 7265 2075 7375 616c 2074 6f20 s more usual to \n-00035920: 7573 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c use ...configfil\n-00035930: 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 e... (*note. \n-00035940: 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 2066 configfile::) f\n-00035950: 6f72 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 or this.....File\n-00035960: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00035970: 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c de: normal_exit,\n-00035980: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c Next: parttool\n-00035990: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c , Prev: normal,\n-000359a0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-000359b0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-000359c0: 342e 3532 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 4.52 normal_exit\n-000359d0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-000359e0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-000359f0: 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 0a20 d: normal_exit. \n-00035a00: 2020 2020 4578 6974 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 Exit normal \n-00035a10: 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d mode (*note norm\n-00035a20: 616c 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 al::). If this \n-00035a30: 696e 7374 616e 6365 206f 6620 6e6f 726d instance of norm\n-00035a40: 616c 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2077 6173 al mode. was\n-00035a50: 206e 6f74 206e 6573 7465 6420 7769 7468 not nested with\n-00035a60: 696e 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 206f 6e65 2c20 in another one, \n-00035a70: 7468 656e 2072 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2072 then return to r\n-00035a80: 6573 6375 6520 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 escue mode.....F\n-00035a90: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00035aa0: 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c Node: parttool,\n-00035ab0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 Next: password\n-00035ac0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f , Prev: normal_\n-00035ad0: 6578 6974 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 exit, Up: Comma\n-00035ae0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00035af0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3320 7061 7274 746f ..17.4.53 partto\n-00035b00: 6f6c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ol.-------------\n-00035b10: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00035b20: 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2070 6172 7469 : parttool parti\n-00035b30: 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 tion commands. \n-00035b40: 2020 204d 616b 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 Make various \n-00035b50: 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 746f modifications to\n-00035b60: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 partition table\n-00035b70: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 entries... \n-00035b80: 4561 6368 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 2069 7320 Each COMMAND is \n-00035b90: 6569 7468 6572 2061 2062 6f6f 6c65 616e either a boolean\n-00035ba0: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 option, in whic\n-00035bb0: 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 h case it must b\n-00035bc0: 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 e. followed \n-00035bd0: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2be2 8099 206f 7220 with ...+... or \n-00035be0: e280 982d e280 9920 2877 6974 6820 6e6f ...-... (with no\n-00035bf0: 2069 6e74 6572 7665 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 intervening spa\n-00035c00: 6365 2920 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6f72 ce) to enable or\n-00035c10: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 . disable th\n-00035c20: 6174 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 656c at option, or el\n-00035c30: 7365 2069 7420 7461 6b65 7320 6120 7661 se it takes a va\n-00035c40: 6c75 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d0a lue in the form.\n-00035c50: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 434f 4d4d 414e 443d ...COMMAND=\n-00035c60: 5641 4c55 45e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 VALUE...... \n-00035c70: 4375 7272 656e 746c 792c 20e2 8098 7061 Currently, ...pa\n-00035c80: 7274 746f 6f6c e280 9920 6973 206f 6e6c rttool... is onl\n-00035c90: 7920 7573 6566 756c 206f 6e20 444f 5320 y useful on DOS \n-00035ca0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 partition tables\n-00035cb0: 2028 616c 736f 0a20 2020 2020 6b6e 6f77 (also. know\n-00035cc0: 6e20 6173 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 n as Master Boot\n-00035cd0: 2052 6563 6f72 642c 206f 7220 4d42 5229 Record, or MBR)\n-00035ce0: 2e20 4f6e 2074 6865 7365 2070 6172 7469 . On these parti\n-00035cf0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 732c 0a20 2020 tion tables,. \n-00035d00: 2020 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 the following \n-00035d10: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 7661 commands are ava\n-00035d20: 696c 6162 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ilable:.. ..\n-00035d30: 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 626f 6f6c 6561 .boot... (boolea\n-00035d40: 6e29 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6865 n). Whe\n-00035d50: 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 642c 2074 6869 7320 n enabled, this \n-00035d60: 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 makes the select\n-00035d70: 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 6520 ed partition be \n-00035d80: 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 the active. \n-00035d90: 2020 2020 2028 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2920 (bootable) \n-00035da0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2069 7473 partition on its\n-00035db0: 2064 6973 6b2c 2063 6c65 6172 696e 6720 disk, clearing \n-00035dc0: 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2066 6c61 6720 the active flag \n-00035dd0: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6c6c on. all\n-00035de0: 206f 7468 6572 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e other partition\n-00035df0: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s. This command\n-00035e00: 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 205f is limited to _\n-00035e10: 7072 696d 6172 795f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 primary_. \n-00035e20: 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a partitions...\n-00035e30: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7479 7065 e280 9920 ...type... \n-00035e40: 2876 616c 7565 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 (value). \n-00035e50: 2020 4368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2074 7970 Change the typ\n-00035e60: 6520 6f66 2061 6e20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 e of an existing\n-00035e70: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 partition. The\n-00035e80: 2076 616c 7565 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 value must be a\n-00035e90: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 . numbe\n-00035ea0: 7220 696e 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 2030 r in the range 0\n-00035eb0: 2d30 7846 4620 2870 7265 6669 7820 7769 -0xFF (prefix wi\n-00035ec0: 7468 20e2 8098 3078 e280 9920 746f 2065 th ...0x... to e\n-00035ed0: 6e74 6572 2069 7420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 nter it in. \n-00035ee0: 2020 2020 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c hexadecimal\n-00035ef0: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6869 6464 )... ...hidd\n-00035f00: 656e e280 9920 2862 6f6f 6c65 616e 290a en... (boolean).\n-00035f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5768 656e 2065 When e\n-00035f20: 6e61 626c 6564 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6964 nabled, this hid\n-00035f30: 6573 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 es the selected \n-00035f40: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6279 2073 6574 partition by set\n-00035f50: 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ting the. \n-00035f60: 2020 20e2 809c 6869 6464 656e e280 9d20 ...hidden... \n-00035f70: 6269 7420 696e 2069 7473 2070 6172 7469 bit in its parti\n-00035f80: 7469 6f6e 2074 7970 6520 636f 6465 3b20 tion type code; \n-00035f90: 7768 656e 2064 6973 6162 6c65 642c 0a20 when disabled,. \n-00035fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 6e68 6964 6573 unhides\n-00035fb0: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 the selected pa\n-00035fc0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6279 2063 6c65 6172 rtition by clear\n-00035fd0: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2062 6974 2e20 2054 ing this bit. T\n-00035fe0: 6869 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 his is. \n-00035ff0: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 useful only whe\n-00036000: 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 444f 5320 6f72 n booting DOS or\n-00036010: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2061 6e64 206d 756c Windows and mul\n-00036020: 7469 706c 6520 7072 696d 6172 790a 2020 tiple primary. \n-00036030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4641 5420 7061 7274 FAT part\n-00036040: 6974 696f 6e73 2065 7869 7374 2069 6e20 itions exist in \n-00036050: 6f6e 6520 6469 736b 2e20 2053 6565 2061 one disk. See a\n-00036060: 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 lso *note. \n-00036070: 2020 2020 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a DOS/Windows:\n-00036080: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n-00036090: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 .info, Node: pa\n-000360a0: 7373 776f 7264 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 ssword, Next: p\n-000360b0: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 assword_pbkdf2, \n-000360c0: 2050 7265 763a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c Prev: parttool,\n-000360d0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-000360e0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-000360f0: 342e 3534 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2d2d 4.54 password.--\n-00036100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00036110: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6173 -- Command: pas\n-00036120: 7377 6f72 6420 7573 6572 2063 6c65 6172 sword user clear\n-00036130: 2d70 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2020 2020 2044 -password. D\n-00036140: 6566 696e 6520 6120 7573 6572 206e 616d efine a user nam\n-00036150: 6564 2055 5345 5220 7769 7468 2070 6173 ed USER with pas\n-00036160: 7377 6f72 6420 434c 4541 522d 5041 5353 sword CLEAR-PASS\n-00036170: 574f 5244 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 WORD. *Note. \n-00036180: 2020 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f Security::....\n-00036190: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-000361a0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 , Node: passwor\n-000361b0: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a d_pbkdf2, Next:\n-000361c0: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 plainmount, Pr\n-000361d0: 6576 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 2055 ev: password, U\n-000361e0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-000361f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 commands..17.4.5\n-00036200: 3520 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 5 password_pbkdf\n-00036210: 320a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2.--------------\n-00036220: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00036230: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 ommand: password\n-00036240: 5f70 626b 6466 3220 7573 6572 2068 6173 _pbkdf2 user has\n-00036250: 6865 642d 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a20 2020 hed-password. \n-00036260: 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2061 2075 7365 7220 Define a user \n-00036270: 6e61 6d65 6420 5553 4552 2077 6974 6820 named USER with \n-00036280: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 6820 4841 password hash HA\n-00036290: 5348 4544 2d50 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 SHED-PASSWORD. \n-000362a0: 5573 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 Use. ...grub\n-000362b0: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n-000362c0: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ... (*note Invok\n-000362d0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ing grub-mkpassw\n-000362e0: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 746f 0a20 d-pbkdf2::) to. \n-000362f0: 2020 2020 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2070 6173 generate pas\n-00036300: 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 2e20 202a sword hashes. *\n-00036310: 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e Note Security::.\n-00036320: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00036330: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 nfo, Node: plai\n-00036340: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 nmount, Next: p\n-00036350: 6c61 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 7373 lay, Prev: pass\n-00036360: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5570 word_pbkdf2, Up\n-00036370: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00036380: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3536 ommands..17.4.56\n-00036390: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 740a 2d2d 2d2d plainmount.----\n-000363a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-000363b0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6c61 -- Command: pla\n-000363c0: 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 7669 6365 202d inmount device -\n-000363d0: 6320 6369 7068 6572 202d 7320 6b65 7920 c cipher -s key \n-000363e0: 7369 7a65 205b 2d68 2068 6173 685d 0a20 size [-h hash]. \n-000363f0: 2020 2020 5be2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 7365 [...-S... se\n-00036400: 6374 6f72 2073 697a 655d 205b e280 982d ctor size] [...-\n-00036410: 70e2 8099 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645d 205b p... password] [\n-00036420: e280 982d 75e2 8099 2075 7569 645d 205b ...-u... uuid] [\n-00036430: 5be2 8098 2d64 e280 9920 6b65 7966 696c [...-d... keyfil\n-00036440: 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5be2 8098 2d4f e280 e]. [...-O..\n-00036450: 9920 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6f66 6673 6574 . keyfile offset\n-00036460: 5d5d 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 ]].. Setup a\n-00036470: 6363 6573 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e63 ccess to the enc\n-00036480: 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e rypted device in\n-00036490: 2070 6c61 696e 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4f66 plain mode. Of\n-000364a0: 6673 6574 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 fset of the. \n-000364b0: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6174 6120 encrypted data \n-000364c0: 6174 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 at the device is\n-000364d0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7465 specified in te\n-000364e0: 726d 7320 6f66 2035 3132 2062 7974 650a rms of 512 byte.\n-000364f0: 2020 2020 2073 6563 746f 7273 2075 7369 sectors usi\n-00036500: 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 ng the blocklist\n-00036510: 2073 796e 7461 7820 616e 6420 6c6f 6f70 syntax and loop\n-00036520: 6261 636b 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 back device. Th\n-00036530: 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 e. following\n-00036540: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2073 686f 7773 2068 example shows h\n-00036550: 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 314d ow to specify 1M\n-00036560: 6942 206f 6666 7365 743a 0a0a 2020 2020 iB offset:.. \n-00036570: 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 206e loopback n\n-00036580: 6f64 6520 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3129 3230 ode (hd0,gpt1)20\n-00036590: 3438 2b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 48+. pl\n-000365a0: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 206e 6f64 6520 2e2e ainmount node ..\n-000365b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9870 ... The ...p\n-000365c0: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2063 6f6d lainmount... com\n-000365d0: 6d61 6e64 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 mand can be used\n-000365e0: 2074 6f20 6f70 656e 204c 554b 5320 656e to open LUKS en\n-000365f0: 6372 7970 7465 6420 766f 6c75 6d65 0a20 crypted volume. \n-00036600: 2020 2020 6966 2069 7473 206d 6173 7465 if its maste\n-00036610: 7220 6b65 7920 616e 6420 7061 7261 6d65 r key and parame\n-00036620: 7465 7273 2028 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2c20 ters (key size, \n-00036630: 6369 7068 6572 2c20 6f66 6673 6574 2c20 cipher, offset, \n-00036640: 6574 6329 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 6b6e etc). are kn\n-00036650: 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 7265 own... There\n-00036660: 2061 7265 2074 776f 2077 6179 7320 746f are two ways to\n-00036670: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2070 6173 7377 specify a passw\n-00036680: 6f72 643a 2061 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2061 ord: a keyfile a\n-00036690: 6e64 2061 2073 6563 7265 740a 2020 2020 nd a secret. \n-000366a0: 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 2020 5468 passphrase. Th\n-000366b0: 6520 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7061 7468 2070 e keyfile path p\n-000366c0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 2068 6173 2068 6967 arameter has hig\n-000366d0: 6865 7220 7072 696f 7269 7479 2074 6861 her priority tha\n-000366e0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6563 7265 n. the secre\n-000366f0: 7420 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2070 6172 t passphrase par\n-00036700: 616d 6574 6572 2061 6e64 2069 7320 7370 ameter and is sp\n-00036710: 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 ecified with the\n-00036720: 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 option. ...\n-00036730: 2d64 e280 992e 2020 5061 7373 776f 7264 -d.... Password\n-00036740: 2064 6174 6120 6f62 7461 696e 6564 2066 data obtained f\n-00036750: 726f 6d20 6b65 7966 696c 6573 2069 7320 rom keyfiles is \n-00036760: 6e6f 7420 6861 7368 6564 2061 6e64 2069 not hashed and i\n-00036770: 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 s. used dire\n-00036780: 6374 6c79 2061 7320 6120 6369 7068 6572 ctly as a cipher\n-00036790: 206b 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e key. An option\n-000367a0: 616c 206f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2070 6173 al offset of pas\n-000367b0: 7377 6f72 6420 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 sword data. \n-000367c0: 696e 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2063 in the keyfile c\n-000367d0: 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 an be specified \n-000367e0: 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 with the option \n-000367f0: e280 982d 4fe2 8099 206f 7220 6469 7265 ...-O... or dire\n-00036800: 6374 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 ctly. with t\n-00036810: 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 64e2 he option ...-d.\n-00036820: 8099 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 626c 6f63 .. and GRUB bloc\n-00036830: 6b6c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 6966 klist syntax, if\n-00036840: 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2064 6174 the keyfile dat\n-00036850: 610a 2020 2020 2063 616e 2062 6520 6163 a. can be ac\n-00036860: 6365 7373 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6465 cessed from a de\n-00036870: 7669 6365 2061 6e64 2069 7320 3531 3220 vice and is 512 \n-00036880: 6279 7465 2061 6c69 676e 6564 2e20 2054 byte aligned. T\n-00036890: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e he. followin\n-000368a0: 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 7368 6f77 7320 g example shows \n-000368b0: 626f 7468 206d 6574 686f 6473 2074 6f20 both methods to \n-000368c0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 7061 7373 776f 7264 specify password\n-000368d0: 2064 6174 6120 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 data in. th\n-000368e0: 6520 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6174 206f 6666 e keyfile at off\n-000368f0: 7365 7420 314d 6942 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 set 1MiB:.. \n-00036900: 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 plainmount \n-00036910: 2d64 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 2932 3034 -d (hd0,gpt1)204\n-00036920: 382b 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 8+ .... \n-00036930: 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 2d64 2028 plainmount -d (\n-00036940: 6864 302c 6770 7431 292b 202d 4f20 3130 hd0,gpt1)+ -O 10\n-00036950: 3438 3537 3620 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 48576 ..... \n-00036960: 4966 206e 6f20 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6973 If no keyfile is\n-00036970: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6865 6e20 specified then \n-00036980: 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 the password is \n-00036990: 7365 7420 746f 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e set to the strin\n-000369a0: 670a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 g. specified\n-000369b0: 2062 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d70 by option ...-p\n-000369c0: e280 9920 6f72 2069 7320 7265 7175 6573 ... or is reques\n-000369d0: 7465 6420 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 656c ted interactivel\n-000369e0: 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 y from the. \n-000369f0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 496e 2062 6f74 console. In bot\n-00036a00: 6820 6361 7365 7320 7468 6520 7072 6f76 h cases the prov\n-00036a10: 6964 6564 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6973 ided password is\n-00036a20: 2068 6173 6865 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 hashed with the\n-00036a30: 0a20 2020 2020 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d20 . algorithm \n-00036a40: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 2074 6865 specified by the\n-00036a50: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 68e2 8099 option ...-h...\n-00036a60: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 . This option i\n-00036a70: 7320 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 790a 2020 2020 s mandatory. \n-00036a80: 2069 6620 6e6f 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2069 if no keyfile i\n-00036a90: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2062 7574 s specified, but\n-00036aa0: 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6574 2074 it can be set t\n-00036ab0: 6f20 e280 9870 6c61 696e e280 9920 7768 o ...plain... wh\n-00036ac0: 6963 680a 2020 2020 206d 6561 6e73 2074 ich. means t\n-00036ad0: 6861 7420 6e6f 2068 6173 6869 6e67 2069 hat no hashing i\n-00036ae0: 7320 646f 6e65 2061 6e64 2073 7563 6820 s done and such \n-00036af0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 7573 6564 password is used\n-00036b00: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6173 0a20 2020 directly as. \n-00036b10: 2020 6120 6b65 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 a key... C\n-00036b20: 6970 6865 7220 e280 982d 63e2 8099 2061 ipher ...-c... a\n-00036b30: 6e64 206b 6579 7369 7a65 20e2 8098 2d73 nd keysize ...-s\n-00036b40: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7370 6563 ... options spec\n-00036b50: 6966 7920 7468 6520 6369 7068 6572 2061 ify the cipher a\n-00036b60: 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 0a20 2020 2020 616e lgorithm. an\n-00036b70: 6420 7468 6520 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2072 d the key size r\n-00036b80: 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 7920 616e 6420 espectively and \n-00036b90: 6172 6520 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 7920 6f70 are mandatory op\n-00036ba0: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4369 7068 6572 0a20 tions. Cipher. \n-00036bb0: 2020 2020 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7370 6563 must be spec\n-00036bc0: 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206d ified with the m\n-00036bd0: 6f64 6520 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 ode separated by\n-00036be0: 2061 2064 6173 6820 2866 6f72 2065 7861 a dash (for exa\n-00036bf0: 6d70 6c65 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6165 mple,. ...ae\n-00036c00: 732d 7874 732d 706c 6169 6e36 34e2 8099 s-xts-plain64...\n-00036c10: 292e 2020 4b65 7920 7369 7a65 206f 7074 ). Key size opt\n-00036c20: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 73e2 8099 2069 7320 ion ...-s... is \n-00036c30: 7468 6520 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 the key size of \n-00036c40: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6970 6865 7220 the. cipher \n-00036c50: 696e 2062 6974 732c 206e 6f74 2074 6f20 in bits, not to \n-00036c60: 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 7769 7468 be confused with\n-00036c70: 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2074 the offset of t\n-00036c80: 6865 206b 6579 2064 6174 610a 2020 2020 he key data. \n-00036c90: 2069 6e20 6120 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7370 in a keyfile sp\n-00036ca0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 ecified with the\n-00036cb0: 20e2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-O... option\n-00036cc0: 2e20 2049 7420 6d75 7374 206e 6f74 2065 . It must not e\n-00036cd0: 7863 6565 640a 2020 2020 2031 3032 3420 xceed. 1024 \n-00036ce0: 6269 7473 2c20 736f 2061 2033 3220 6279 bits, so a 32 by\n-00036cf0: 7465 206b 6579 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 te key would be \n-00036d00: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2032 3536 specified as 256\n-00036d10: 2062 6974 730a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 bits.. The \n-00036d20: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 optional paramet\n-00036d30: 6572 20e2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 7370 6563 er ...-S... spec\n-00036d40: 6966 6965 7320 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 ifies encrypted \n-00036d50: 6465 7669 6365 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 device sector si\n-00036d60: 7a65 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 7420 6d75 7374 ze.. It must\n-00036d70: 2062 6520 6174 206c 6561 7374 2035 3132 be at least 512\n-00036d80: 2062 7974 6573 206c 6f6e 6720 2864 6566 bytes long (def\n-00036d90: 6175 6c74 2076 616c 7565 2920 616e 6420 ault value) and \n-00036da0: 6120 706f 7765 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 a power of. \n-00036db0: 322e 2020 2831 2920 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 2. (1) (*note \n-00036dc0: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e plainmount-Footn\n-00036dd0: 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2044 6973 6b20 ote-1::). Disk \n-00036de0: 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6520 6973 0a20 sector size is. \n-00036df0: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2077 configured w\n-00036e00: 6865 6e20 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2074 6865 hen creating the\n-00036e10: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2076 6f6c 756d encrypted volum\n-00036e20: 652e 2020 4174 7465 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 e. Attempting t\n-00036e30: 6f0a 2020 2020 2064 6563 7279 7074 2076 o. decrypt v\n-00036e40: 6f6c 756d 6573 2077 6974 6820 6120 6469 olumes with a di\n-00036e50: 6666 6572 656e 7420 7365 6374 6f72 2073 fferent sector s\n-00036e60: 697a 6520 7468 616e 2069 7420 7761 7320 ize than it was \n-00036e70: 6372 6561 7465 640a 2020 2020 2077 6974 created. wit\n-00036e80: 6820 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2072 6573 756c h will not resul\n-00036e90: 7420 696e 2061 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2062 t in an error, b\n-00036ea0: 7574 2077 696c 6c20 6465 6372 7970 7420 ut will decrypt \n-00036eb0: 746f 2072 616e 646f 6d20 6279 7465 730a to random bytes.\n-00036ec0: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6875 7320 7072 and thus pr\n-00036ed0: 6576 656e 7420 6163 6365 7373 696e 6720 event accessing \n-00036ee0: 7468 6520 766f 6c75 6d65 2028 696e 2073 the volume (in s\n-00036ef0: 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 7320 7468 6520 6669 ome cases the fi\n-00036f00: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6472 lesystem. dr\n-00036f10: 6976 6572 2063 616e 2064 6574 6563 7420 iver can detect \n-00036f20: 7468 6520 7072 6573 656e 6365 206f 6620 the presence of \n-00036f30: 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6275 a filesystem, bu\n-00036f40: 7420 6e65 7665 7274 6865 6c65 7373 0a20 t nevertheless. \n-00036f50: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2072 6566 7573 6520 will refuse \n-00036f60: 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7429 2e0a 0a20 to mount it)... \n-00036f70: 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206e By default n\n-00036f80: 6577 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 ew plainmount de\n-00036f90: 7669 6365 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6769 vices will be gi\n-00036fa0: 7665 6e20 6120 5555 4944 2073 7461 7274 ven a UUID start\n-00036fb0: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 2731 ing. with '1\n-00036fc0: 3039 6665 6138 342d 6136 6237 2d33 3461 09fea84-a6b7-34a\n-00036fd0: 382d 3462 6431 2d31 6335 3036 3330 3561 8-4bd1-1c506305a\n-00036fe0: 3430 3127 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 206c 401' where the l\n-00036ff0: 6173 7420 6469 6769 7473 0a20 2020 2020 ast digits. \n-00037000: 6172 6520 696e 6372 656d 656e 7465 6420 are incremented \n-00037010: 6279 206f 6e65 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 by one for each \n-00037020: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 6564 2064 6576 plainmounted dev\n-00037030: 6963 6520 6265 796f 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 ice beyond the. \n-00037040: 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 7570 2074 6f20 first up to \n-00037050: 325e 3130 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2^10 devices... \n-00037060: 2020 2020 416c 6c20 656e 6372 7970 7469 All encrypti\n-00037070: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2028 6369 on arguments (ci\n-00037080: 7068 6572 2c20 6861 7368 2c20 6b65 7920 pher, hash, key \n-00037090: 7369 7a65 2c20 6469 736b 206f 6666 7365 size, disk offse\n-000370a0: 7420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2064 6973 6b20 t and. disk \n-000370b0: 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6529 206d 7573 sector size) mus\n-000370c0: 7420 6d61 7463 6820 7468 6520 7061 7261 t match the para\n-000370d0: 6d65 7465 7273 2075 7365 6420 746f 2063 meters used to c\n-000370e0: 7265 6174 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 reate the. v\n-000370f0: 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 4966 2061 6e79 206f olume. If any o\n-00037100: 6620 7468 656d 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 f them does not \n-00037110: 6d61 7463 6820 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c match the actual\n-00037120: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2075 7365 640a arguments used.\n-00037130: 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 during the \n-00037140: 696e 6974 6961 6c20 656e 6372 7970 7469 initial encrypti\n-00037150: 6f6e 2c20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2077 on, plainmount w\n-00037160: 696c 6c20 6372 6561 7465 2076 6972 7475 ill create virtu\n-00037170: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 2077 al. device w\n-00037180: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6761 7262 6167 6520 ith the garbage \n-00037190: 6461 7461 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 data and GRUB wi\n-000371a0: 6c6c 2072 6570 6f72 7420 756e 6b6e 6f77 ll report unknow\n-000371b0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 n. filesyste\n-000371c0: 6d20 666f 7220 7375 6368 2064 6576 6963 m for such devic\n-000371d0: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n-000371e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c .info, Node: pl\n-000371f0: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 ainmount-Footnot\n-00037200: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f es, Up: plainmo\n-00037210: 756e 740a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 7272 unt.. (1) Curr\n-00037220: 656e 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 ent implementati\n-00037230: 6f6e 206f 6620 6372 7970 7473 6574 7570 on of cryptsetup\n-00037240: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6f6e 6c79 0a35 supports only.5\n-00037250: 3132 2f31 3032 342f 3230 3438 2f34 3039 12/1024/2048/409\n-00037260: 3620 6279 7465 2073 6563 746f 7273 0a0a 6 byte sectors..\n-00037270: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00037280: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 o, Node: play, \n-00037290: 204e 6578 743a 2070 726f 6265 2c20 2050 Next: probe, P\n-000372a0: 7265 763a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c rev: plainmount,\n-000372b0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-000372c0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-000372d0: 342e 3537 2070 6c61 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.57 play.------\n-000372e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-000372f0: 616e 643a 2070 6c61 7920 6669 6c65 207c and: play file |\n-00037300: 2074 656d 706f 205b 7069 7463 6831 2064 tempo [pitch1 d\n-00037310: 7572 6174 696f 6e31 5d20 5b70 6974 6368 uration1] [pitch\n-00037320: 3220 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 325d 202e 2e2e 2 duration2] ...\n-00037330: 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6179 7320 6120 7475 . Plays a tu\n-00037340: 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 ne.. If the \n-00037350: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6669 argument is a fi\n-00037360: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 le name (*note F\n-00037370: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a ile name syntax:\n-00037380: 3a29 2c20 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 :), play the. \n-00037390: 2020 7475 6e65 2072 6563 6f72 6465 6420 tune recorded \n-000373a0: 696e 2069 742e 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 in it. The file\n-000373b0: 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6973 2066 6972 7374 format is first\n-000373c0: 2074 6865 2074 656d 706f 2061 7320 616e the tempo as an\n-000373d0: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 7369 676e 6564 2033 . unsigned 3\n-000373e0: 3262 6974 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 2bit little-endi\n-000373f0: 616e 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 an number, then \n-00037400: 7061 6972 7320 6f66 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 pairs of unsigne\n-00037410: 6420 3136 6269 740a 2020 2020 206c 6974 d 16bit. lit\n-00037420: 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e 206e 756d 6265 tle-endian numbe\n-00037430: 7273 2066 6f72 2070 6974 6368 2061 6e64 rs for pitch and\n-00037440: 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e20 7061 6972 732e duration pairs.\n-00037450: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 .. If the ar\n-00037460: 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6172 6520 6120 7365 guments are a se\n-00037470: 7269 6573 206f 6620 6e75 6d62 6572 732c ries of numbers,\n-00037480: 2070 6c61 7920 7468 6520 696e 6c69 6e65 play the inline\n-00037490: 2074 756e 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 tune... The\n-000374a0: 2074 656d 706f 2069 7320 7468 6520 6261 tempo is the ba\n-000374b0: 7365 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 206e 6f74 6520 se for all note \n-000374c0: 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 3630 2067 durations. 60 g\n-000374d0: 6976 6573 2061 2031 2d73 6563 6f6e 640a ives a 1-second.\n-000374e0: 2020 2020 2062 6173 652c 2031 3230 2067 base, 120 g\n-000374f0: 6976 6573 2061 2068 616c 662d 7365 636f ives a half-seco\n-00037500: 6e64 2062 6173 652c 2065 7463 2e20 2050 nd base, etc. P\n-00037510: 6974 6368 6573 2061 7265 2048 7a2e 2020 itches are Hz. \n-00037520: 5365 740a 2020 2020 2070 6974 6368 2074 Set. pitch t\n-00037530: 6f20 3020 746f 2070 726f 6475 6365 2061 o 0 to produce a\n-00037540: 2072 6573 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 rest.....File: \n-00037550: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00037560: 3a20 7072 6f62 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : probe, Next: \n-00037570: 7264 6d73 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 706c rdmsr, Prev: pl\n-00037580: 6179 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ay, Up: Command\n-00037590: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-000375a0: 3137 2e34 2e35 3820 7072 6f62 650a 2d2d 17.4.58 probe.--\n-000375b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-000375c0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7072 6f62 6520 Command: probe \n-000375d0: 5b2d 2d73 6574 2076 6172 5d0a 2020 2020 [--set var]. \n-000375e0: 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6472 6976 6572 7c2d --driver|-\n-000375f0: 2d70 6172 746d 6170 7c2d 2d66 737c 2d2d -partmap|--fs|--\n-00037600: 6673 2d75 7569 647c 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c7c fs-uuid|--label|\n-00037610: 2d2d 7061 7274 2d75 7569 6420 6465 7669 --part-uuid devi\n-00037620: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 ce. Retrieve\n-00037630: 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 device informat\n-00037640: 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ion. If option \n-00037650: e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9920 6973 2067 ...--set... is g\n-00037660: 6976 656e 2c20 6173 7369 676e 0a20 2020 iven, assign. \n-00037670: 2020 7265 7375 6c74 2074 6f20 7661 7269 result to vari\n-00037680: 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2c20 6f74 6865 7277 able VAR, otherw\n-00037690: 6973 6520 7072 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d ise print inform\n-000376a0: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6372 ation on the scr\n-000376b0: 6565 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f een... The o\n-000376c0: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d70 6172 742d ption ...--part-\n-000376d0: 7575 6964 e280 9920 6973 2063 7572 7265 uuid... is curre\n-000376e0: 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 696d 706c 656d ntly only implem\n-000376f0: 656e 7465 6420 666f 7220 4d53 444f 530a ented for MSDOS.\n-00037700: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2047 5054 2066 6f72 and GPT for\n-00037710: 6d61 7474 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e0a 0a1f matted disks....\n-00037720: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00037730: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 , Node: rdmsr, \n-00037740: 204e 6578 743a 2072 6561 642c 2020 5072 Next: read, Pr\n-00037750: 6576 3a20 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: probe, Up: \n-00037760: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00037770: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3539 2072 mands..17.4.59 r\n-00037780: 646d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dmsr.-----------\n-00037790: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-000377a0: 3a20 7264 6d73 7220 3078 4144 4452 205b : rdmsr 0xADDR [\n-000377b0: 2d76 2056 4152 4e41 4d45 5d0a 2020 2020 -v VARNAME]. \n-000377c0: 2052 6561 6420 6120 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 Read a model-sp\n-000377d0: 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 7220 ecific register \n-000377e0: 6174 2061 6464 7265 7373 2030 7841 4444 at address 0xADD\n-000377f0: 522e 2049 6620 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 R. If the parame\n-00037800: 7465 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 ter. ...-v..\n-00037810: 9920 6973 2075 7365 6420 616e 6420 616e . is used and an\n-00037820: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00037830: 6961 626c 6520 5641 524e 414d 4520 6973 iable VARNAME is\n-00037840: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 given, set that\n-00037850: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e . environmen\n-00037860: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 t variable to th\n-00037870: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2077 6173 e value that was\n-00037880: 2072 6561 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 read... Ple\n-00037890: 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6f6e ase note that on\n-000378a0: 2053 4d50 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7265 SMP systems, re\n-000378b0: 6164 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2061 204d 5352 ading from a MSR\n-000378c0: 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 610a 2020 2020 that has a. \n-000378d0: 2073 636f 7065 2070 6572 2068 6172 6477 scope per hardw\n-000378e0: 6172 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 696d 706c are thread, impl\n-000378f0: 6965 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2076 616c ies that the val\n-00037900: 7565 2074 6861 7420 6973 2072 6574 7572 ue that is retur\n-00037910: 6e65 640a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6170 ned. only ap\n-00037920: 706c 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 plies to the par\n-00037930: 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6370 752f 636f 7265 ticular cpu/core\n-00037940: 2f74 6872 6561 6420 7468 6174 2072 756e /thread that run\n-00037950: 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 s the. comma\n-00037960: 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 nd... Also, \n-00037970: 6966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 if you specify a\n-00037980: 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 reserved or uni\n-00037990: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 mplemented MSR a\n-000379a0: 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 ddress, it. \n-000379b0: 7769 6c6c 2063 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e will cause a gen\n-000379c0: 6572 616c 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 eral protection \n-000379d0: 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 exception (which\n-000379e0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c is not currentl\n-000379f0: 790a 2020 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e y. being han\n-00037a00: 646c 6564 2920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 dled) and the sy\n-00037a10: 7374 656d 2077 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 stem will reboot\n-00037a20: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00037a30: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6561 info, Node: rea\n-00037a40: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 d, Next: reboot\n-00037a50: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 , Prev: rdmsr, \n-00037a60: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00037a70: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-00037a80: 2e36 3020 7265 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .60 read.-------\n-00037a90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00037aa0: 6e64 3a20 7265 6164 205b 2d73 5d20 5b76 nd: read [-s] [v\n-00037ab0: 6172 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 ar]. Read a \n-00037ac0: 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 6672 line of input fr\n-00037ad0: 6f6d 2074 6865 2075 7365 722e 2020 4966 om the user. If\n-00037ae0: 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 an environment \n-00037af0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 0a20 2020 variable VAR. \n-00037b00: 2020 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 is given, set \n-00037b10: 7468 6174 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 that environment\n-00037b20: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 variable to the\n-00037b30: 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2074 line of input t\n-00037b40: 6861 740a 2020 2020 2077 6173 2072 6561 hat. was rea\n-00037b50: 642c 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2074 6572 6d69 d, with no termi\n-00037b60: 6e61 7469 6e67 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 nating newline. \n-00037b70: 2049 6620 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 If the paramete\n-00037b80: 7220 e280 982d 73e2 8099 2069 730a 2020 r ...-s... is. \n-00037b90: 2020 2075 7365 642c 2065 6e61 626c 6520 used, enable \n-00037ba0: 7369 6c65 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 7768 6572 silent mode wher\n-00037bb0: 6520 696e 7075 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2070 e input is not p\n-00037bc0: 7269 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 rinted to the. \n-00037bd0: 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a terminal.....\n-00037be0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00037bf0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 Node: reboot, \n-00037c00: 204e 6578 743a 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 Next: regexp, \n-00037c10: 5072 6576 3a20 7265 6164 2c20 2055 703a Prev: read, Up:\n-00037c20: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00037c30: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3120 mmands..17.4.61 \n-00037c40: 7265 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d reboot.---------\n-00037c50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00037c60: 6e64 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 nd: reboot. \n-00037c70: 5265 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 Reboot the compu\n-00037c80: 7465 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ter.....File: gr\n-00037c90: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00037ca0: 7265 6765 7870 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 regexp, Next: r\n-00037cb0: 6d6d 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6562 mmod, Prev: reb\n-00037cc0: 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e oot, Up: Comman\n-00037cd0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00037ce0: 0a31 372e 342e 3632 2072 6567 6578 700a .17.4.62 regexp.\n-00037cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00037d00: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6567 -- Command: reg\n-00037d10: 6578 7020 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 6e75 6d62 exp [--set [numb\n-00037d20: 6572 3a5d 7661 725d 2072 6567 6578 7020 er:]var] regexp \n-00037d30: 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 string. Test\n-00037d40: 2069 6620 7265 6775 6c61 7220 6578 7072 if regular expr\n-00037d50: 6573 7369 6f6e 2052 4547 4558 5020 6d61 ession REGEXP ma\n-00037d60: 7463 6865 7320 5354 5249 4e47 2e20 2053 tches STRING. S\n-00037d70: 7570 706f 7274 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7265 upported. re\n-00037d80: 6775 6c61 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e gular expression\n-00037d90: 7320 6172 6520 504f 5349 582e 3220 4578 s are POSIX.2 Ex\n-00037da0: 7465 6e64 6564 2052 6567 756c 6172 2045 tended Regular E\n-00037db0: 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2e20 2049 660a xpressions. If.\n-00037dc0: 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d option ...-\n-00037dd0: 2d73 6574 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e -set... is given\n-00037de0: 2c20 7374 6f72 6520 4e55 4d42 4552 7468 , store NUMBERth\n-00037df0: 206d 6174 6368 6564 2073 7562 6578 7072 matched subexpr\n-00037e00: 6573 7369 6f6e 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2076 ession in. v\n-00037e10: 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 5375 ariable VAR. Su\n-00037e20: 6265 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2061 7265 bexpressions are\n-00037e30: 206e 756d 6265 7265 6420 696e 206f 7264 numbered in ord\n-00037e40: 6572 206f 6620 7468 6569 720a 2020 2020 er of their. \n-00037e50: 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 2070 6172 656e 7468 opening parenth\n-00037e60: 6573 6573 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 eses starting fr\n-00037e70: 6f6d 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 2e20 204e 554d om ...1.... NUM\n-00037e80: 4245 5220 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 BER defaults to \n-00037e90: e280 9831 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ...1........File\n-00037ea0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00037eb0: 6465 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 de: rmmod, Next\n-00037ec0: 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 : save_env, Pre\n-00037ed0: 763a 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 5570 3a20 v: regexp, Up: \n-00037ee0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00037ef0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3633 2072 mands..17.4.63 r\n-00037f00: 6d6d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mmod.-----------\n-00037f10: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00037f20: 2072 6d6d 6f64 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 rmmod module. \n-00037f30: 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6c6f 6164 Remove a load\n-00037f40: 6564 204d 4f44 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ed MODULE.....Fi\n-00037f50: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00037f60: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 Node: save_env, \n-00037f70: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 Next: search, \n-00037f80: 5072 6576 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 Prev: rmmod, Up\n-00037f90: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00037fa0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3634 ommands..17.4.64\n-00037fb0: 2073 6176 655f 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d save_env.------\n-00037fc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00037fd0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6176 655f 656e Command: save_en\n-00037fe0: 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 6c65 5d20 v [--file file] \n-00037ff0: 7661 7220 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 6176 var .... Sav\n-00038000: 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7661 7269 e the named vari\n-00038010: 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 ables from the e\n-00038020: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 nvironment to th\n-00038030: 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 e environment. \n-00038040: 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 652e 2020 block file. \n-00038050: 2a4e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e *Note Environmen\n-00038060: 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 t block::... \n-00038070: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 The ...--file..\n-00038080: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 . option overrid\n-00038090: 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c es the default l\n-000380a0: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 ocation of the. \n-000380b0: 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 environment \n-000380c0: 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 block... Thi\n-000380d0: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 206f s command will o\n-000380e0: 7065 7261 7465 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 perate successfu\n-000380f0: 6c6c 7920 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 656e lly even when en\n-00038100: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2076 vironment. v\n-00038110: 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b ariable ...check\n-00038120: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 _signatures... i\n-00038130: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f s set to ...enfo\n-00038140: 7263 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 rce... (*note. \n-00038150: 2020 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 check_signatu\n-00038160: 7265 733a 3a29 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 6974 res::), since it\n-00038170: 2077 7269 7465 7320 746f 2064 6973 6b20 writes to disk \n-00038180: 616e 6420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2061 6c74 and does not alt\n-00038190: 6572 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6265 6861 er the. beha\n-000381a0: 7669 6f72 206f 6620 4752 5542 2062 6173 vior of GRUB bas\n-000381b0: 6564 206f 6e20 616e 7920 636f 6e74 656e ed on any conten\n-000381c0: 7473 206f 6620 6469 736b 2074 6861 7420 ts of disk that \n-000381d0: 6861 7665 2062 6565 6e20 7265 6164 2e0a have been read..\n-000381e0: 2020 2020 2049 7420 6973 2070 6f73 7369 It is possi\n-000381f0: 626c 6520 746f 206d 6f64 6966 7920 6120 ble to modify a \n-00038200: 6469 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 digitally signed\n-00038210: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f environment blo\n-00038220: 636b 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2066 726f ck file. fro\n-00038230: 6d20 7769 7468 696e 2047 5255 4220 7573 m within GRUB us\n-00038240: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ing this command\n-00038250: 2c20 7375 6368 2074 6861 7420 6974 7320 , such that its \n-00038260: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 7769 6c6c 0a20 signature will. \n-00038270: 2020 2020 6e6f 206c 6f6e 6765 7220 6265 no longer be\n-00038280: 2076 616c 6964 206f 6e20 7375 6273 6571 valid on subseq\n-00038290: 7565 6e74 2062 6f6f 7473 2e20 2043 6172 uent boots. Car\n-000382a0: 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7461 6b65 e should be take\n-000382b0: 6e20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6368 2061 n in. such a\n-000382c0: 6476 616e 6365 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 dvanced configur\n-000382d0: 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 ations to avoid \n-000382e0: 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7468 6520 7379 rendering the sy\n-000382f0: 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 756e 626f 6f74 stem. unboot\n-00038300: 6162 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 able. *Note Usi\n-00038310: 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 ng digital signa\n-00038320: 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 tures::, for mor\n-00038330: 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 e. informati\n-00038340: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n-00038350: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n-00038360: 6561 7263 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7365 earch, Next: se\n-00038370: 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7361 ndkey, Prev: sa\n-00038380: 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d ve_env, Up: Com\n-00038390: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-000383a0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3520 7365 6172 ds..17.4.65 sear\n-000383b0: 6368 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ch.-------------\n-000383c0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-000383d0: 7365 6172 6368 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 7c2d search [--file|-\n-000383e0: 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 -label|--fs-uuid\n-000383f0: 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6574 205b 7661 725d 5d0a ] [--set [var]].\n-00038400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d [--no-\n-00038410: 666c 6f70 7079 7c2d 2d65 6669 6469 736b floppy|--efidisk\n-00038420: 2d6f 6e6c 795d 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 -only] name. \n-00038430: 2053 6561 7263 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 Search devices \n-00038440: 6279 2066 696c 6520 28e2 8098 2d66 e280 by file (...-f..\n-00038450: 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9929 ., ...--file...)\n-00038460: 2c20 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206c 6162 , filesystem lab\n-00038470: 656c 2028 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 2c0a 2020 el (...-l...,. \n-00038480: 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 ...--label...\n-00038490: 292c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d ), or filesystem\n-000384a0: 2055 5549 4420 28e2 8098 2d75 e280 992c UUID (...-u...,\n-000384b0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 ...--fs-uuid...\n-000384c0: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 )... If the \n-000384d0: 28e2 8098 2d73 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d (...-s..., ...--\n-000384e0: 7365 74e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 set...) option i\n-000384f0: 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 s used, the firs\n-00038500: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 t device found i\n-00038510: 730a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2061 7320 7468 s. set as th\n-00038520: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 e value of envir\n-00038530: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-00038540: 5641 522e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c VAR. The defaul\n-00038550: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 t variable. \n-00038560: 6973 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a is ...root......\n-00038570: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2028 e280 982d 6ee2 The (...-n.\n-00038580: 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 666c 6f70 .., ...--no-flop\n-00038590: 7079 e280 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7072 py...) option pr\n-000385a0: 6576 656e 7473 2073 6561 7263 6869 6e67 events searching\n-000385b0: 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 6465 7669 6365 732c floppy devices,\n-000385c0: 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 . which can \n-000385d0: 6265 2073 6c6f 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 be slow... T\n-000385e0: 6865 2028 e280 982d 2d65 6669 6469 736b he (...--efidisk\n-000385f0: 2d6f 6e6c 79e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e -only...) option\n-00038600: 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7365 6172 6368 prevents search\n-00038610: 696e 6720 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6465 ing any other de\n-00038620: 7669 6365 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 vices. then \n-00038630: 4546 4920 6469 736b 732e 2020 5468 6973 EFI disks. This\n-00038640: 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 is typically us\n-00038650: 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 ed when chainloa\n-00038660: 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 6c6f 6361 6c0a 2020 ding to local. \n-00038670: 2020 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e EFI partition\n-00038680: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 ... The ...s\n-00038690: 6561 7263 682e 6669 6c65 e280 992c 20e2 earch.file..., .\n-000386a0: 8098 7365 6172 6368 2e66 735f 6c61 6265 ..search.fs_labe\n-000386b0: 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 l..., and ...sea\n-000386c0: 7263 682e 6673 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 2063 rch.fs_uuid... c\n-000386d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2061 7265 ommands. are\n-000386e0: 2061 6c69 6173 6573 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 aliases for ...\n-000386f0: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 search --file...\n-00038700: 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 6c61 , ...search --la\n-00038710: 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9873 bel..., and ...s\n-00038720: 6561 7263 680a 2020 2020 202d 2d66 732d earch. --fs-\n-00038730: 7575 6964 e280 9920 7265 7370 6563 7469 uuid... respecti\n-00038740: 7665 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f vely... Also\n-00038750: 2068 696e 7473 2061 7320 746f 2077 6869 hints as to whi\n-00038760: 6368 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7920 6265 ch device may be\n-00038770: 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 6c79 the most likely\n-00038780: 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 7468 650a to contain the.\n-00038790: 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d20 7365 6172 6368 item search\n-000387a0: 6564 2066 6f72 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 ed for may be gi\n-000387b0: 7665 6e20 7669 6120 7468 6520 28e2 8098 ven via the (...\n-000387c0: 2d68 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 -h..., ...--hint\n-000387d0: e280 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 7468 ...) option with\n-000387e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e . a device n\n-000387f0: 616d 6520 6173 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 ame as an argume\n-00038800: 6e74 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 nt. If the argu\n-00038810: 6d65 6e74 2065 6e64 7320 7769 7468 2061 ment ends with a\n-00038820: 2063 6f6d 6d61 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 comma,. the\n-00038830: 6e20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 n partitions on \n-00038840: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2061 7265 2061 the device are a\n-00038850: 6c73 6f20 7365 6172 6368 6564 2e20 2046 lso searched. F\n-00038860: 7572 7468 6572 6d6f 7265 2c0a 2020 2020 urthermore,. \n-00038870: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 7370 6563 6966 platform specif\n-00038880: 6963 2068 696e 7473 206d 6179 2062 6520 ic hints may be \n-00038890: 6769 7665 6e20 7669 6120 7468 6520 6f70 given via the op\n-000388a0: 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d tions. ...--\n-000388b0: 6869 6e74 2d69 6565 6531 3237 35e2 8099 hint-ieee1275...\n-000388c0: 2c20 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6269 6f73 , ...--hint-bios\n-000388d0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d62 ..., ...--hint-b\n-000388e0: 6172 656d 6574 616c e280 992c 20e2 8098 aremetal..., ...\n-000388f0: 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d65 6669 e280 992c 0a20 --hint-efi...,. \n-00038900: 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d68 696e and ...--hin\n-00038910: 742d 6172 63e2 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 t-arc.... When \n-00038920: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 7365 specified, these\n-00038930: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 616b 6520 616e options take an\n-00038940: 2061 7267 756d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2061 argument. a\n-00038950: 6e64 206f 7065 7261 7465 206c 696b 6520 nd operate like \n-00038960: e280 982d 2d68 696e 74e2 8099 2c20 6275 ...--hint..., bu\n-00038970: 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7370 t only on the sp\n-00038980: 6563 6966 6965 6420 706c 6174 666f 726d ecified platform\n-00038990: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000389a0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 656e info, Node: sen\n-000389b0: 646b 6579 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6574 dkey, Next: set\n-000389c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6561 7263 682c , Prev: search,\n-000389d0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-000389e0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-000389f0: 342e 3636 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a2d 2d2d 4.66 sendkey.---\n-00038a00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00038a10: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 656e 646b - Command: sendk\n-00038a20: 6579 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d ey. [--\n-00038a30: 6e75 6d7c 2d2d 6361 7073 7c2d 2d73 6372 num|--caps|--scr\n-00038a40: 6f6c 6c7c 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 7c2d 2d70 oll|--insert|--p\n-00038a50: 6175 7365 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 7368 6966 ause|--left-shif\n-00038a60: 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 7368 6966 747c t|--right-shift|\n-00038a70: 2d2d 7379 7372 717c 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 --sysrq|--numkey\n-00038a80: 7c2d 2d63 6170 736b 6579 7c2d 2d73 6372 |--capskey|--scr\n-00038a90: 6f6c 6c6b 6579 7c2d 2d69 6e73 6572 746b ollkey|--insertk\n-00038aa0: 6579 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 616c 747c 2d2d ey|--left-alt|--\n-00038ab0: 7269 6768 742d 616c 747c 2d2d 6c65 6674 right-alt|--left\n-00038ac0: 2d63 7472 6c7c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 6374 -ctrl|--right-ct\n-00038ad0: 726c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 6e7c rl. on|\n-00038ae0: 6f66 665d 2e2e 2e20 5b6e 6f2d 6c65 645d off]... [no-led]\n-00038af0: 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 keystroke. \n-00038b00: 496e 7365 7274 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 Insert keystroke\n-00038b10: 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 206b 6579 626f s into the keybo\n-00038b20: 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 2077 6865 6e20 ard buffer when \n-00038b30: 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 536f 6d65 7469 booting. Someti\n-00038b40: 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 mes. an oper\n-00038b50: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206f 7220 ating system or \n-00038b60: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 6420 626f 6f74 chainloaded boot\n-00038b70: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7265 7175 6972 6573 loader requires\n-00038b80: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 720a 2020 2020 particular. \n-00038b90: 206b 6579 7320 746f 2062 6520 7072 6573 keys to be pres\n-00038ba0: 7365 643a 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 sed: for example\n-00038bb0: 2c20 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 6e65 6564 , one might need\n-00038bc0: 2074 6f20 7072 6573 7320 610a 2020 2020 to press a. \n-00038bd0: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6b65 7920 particular key \n-00038be0: 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2022 7361 6665 206d to enter \"safe m\n-00038bf0: 6f64 6522 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 6368 ode\", or when ch\n-00038c00: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 ainloading anoth\n-00038c10: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 er. boot loa\n-00038c20: 6465 7220 6f6e 6520 6d69 6768 7420 7365 der one might se\n-00038c30: 6e64 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 746f nd keystrokes to\n-00038c40: 2069 7420 746f 206e 6176 6967 6174 6520 it to navigate \n-00038c50: 6974 7320 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 its menu... \n-00038c60: 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 Note: This comma\n-00038c70: 6e64 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 nd is currently \n-00038c80: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f only available o\n-00038c90: 6e20 7468 6520 6933 3836 2d70 630a 2020 n the i386-pc. \n-00038ca0: 2020 2074 6172 6765 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 target... \n-00038cb0: 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2070 726f 7669 6465 You may provide\n-00038cc0: 2075 7020 746f 2031 3620 6b65 7973 7472 up to 16 keystr\n-00038cd0: 6f6b 6573 2028 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 okes (the length\n-00038ce0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 of the BIOS. \n-00038cf0: 2020 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 keyboard buffe\n-00038d00: 7229 2e20 204b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 206e r). Keystroke n\n-00038d10: 616d 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 7570 7065 ames may be uppe\n-00038d20: 722d 6361 7365 206f 7220 6c6f 7765 722d r-case or lower-\n-00038d30: 6361 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7474 6572 case. letter\n-00038d40: 732c 2064 6967 6974 732c 206f 7220 7461 s, digits, or ta\n-00038d50: 6b65 6e20 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 6f6c ken from the fol\n-00038d60: 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6162 6c65 3a0a 0a20 lowing table:.. \n-00038d70: 2020 2020 4e61 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 Name \n-00038d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00038d90: 2020 4b65 790a 2020 2020 202d 2d2d 2d2d Key. -----\n+0002e6b0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 .. -- Command: b\n+0002e6c0: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 6520 ackground_image \n+0002e6d0: 5b5b 2d2d 6d6f 6465 2073 7472 6574 6368 [[--mode stretch\n+0002e6e0: 7c6e 6f72 6d61 6c5d 2066 696c 655d 0a20 |normal] file]. \n+0002e6f0: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2062 6163 6b67 726f Load backgro\n+0002e700: 756e 6420 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 6163 und image for ac\n+0002e710: 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6672 tive terminal fr\n+0002e720: 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 496d 6167 6520 om FILE. Image \n+0002e730: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7265 7463 6865 is. stretche\n+0002e740: 6420 746f 2066 696c 6c20 7570 2065 6e74 d to fill up ent\n+0002e750: 6972 6520 7363 7265 656e 2075 6e6c 6573 ire screen unles\n+0002e760: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6d6f s option ...--mo\n+0002e770: 6465 e280 9920 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 de... ...normal.\n+0002e780: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2067 6976 656e ... is given\n+0002e790: 2e20 2057 6974 686f 7574 2061 7267 756d . Without argum\n+0002e7a0: 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 6520 6375 7272 ents remove curr\n+0002e7b0: 656e 746c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 6163 ently loaded bac\n+0002e7c0: 6b67 726f 756e 640a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 kground. ima\n+0002e7d0: 6765 2e20 2042 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 ge. Background \n+0002e7e0: 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6861 image can be cha\n+0002e7f0: 6e67 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2075 nged only when u\n+0002e800: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 sing ...gfxterm.\n+0002e810: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 7465 726d ... for term\n+0002e820: 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a inal output.....\n+0002e830: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002e840: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 Node: badram, \n+0002e850: 204e 6578 743a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 Next: blocklist\n+0002e860: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6163 6b67 726f , Prev: backgro\n+0002e870: 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 5570 3a20 und_image, Up: \n+0002e880: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0002e890: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3620 6261 mands..17.4.6 ba\n+0002e8a0: 6472 616d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dram.-----------\n+0002e8b0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002e8c0: 2062 6164 7261 6d20 6164 6472 2c6d 6173 badram addr,mas\n+0002e8d0: 6b5b 2c61 6464 722c 6d61 736b 2e2e 2e5d k[,addr,mask...]\n+0002e8e0: 0a20 2020 2020 4669 6c74 6572 206f 7574 . Filter out\n+0002e8f0: 2062 6164 2052 414d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 bad RAM... \n+0002e900: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e 6f74 This command not\n+0002e910: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f 7279 ifies the memory\n+0002e920: 206d 616e 6167 6572 2074 6861 7420 7370 manager that sp\n+0002e930: 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 ecified regions \n+0002e940: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 6768 of. RAM ough\n+0002e950: 7420 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 6564 t to be filtered\n+0002e960: 206f 7574 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 792c 2062 out (usually, b\n+0002e970: 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 7927 7265 2064 ecause they're d\n+0002e980: 616d 6167 6564 292e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 amaged).. Th\n+0002e990: 6973 2072 656d 6169 6e73 2069 6e20 6566 is remains in ef\n+0002e9a0: 6665 6374 2061 6674 6572 2061 2070 6179 fect after a pay\n+0002e9b0: 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 load kernel has \n+0002e9c0: 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 0a20 been loaded by. \n+0002e9d0: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2c20 6173 206c 6f6e GRUB, as lon\n+0002e9e0: 6720 6173 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 6420 g as the loaded \n+0002e9f0: 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6274 6169 6e73 2069 kernel obtains i\n+0002ea00: 7473 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 6672 ts memory map fr\n+0002ea10: 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2e20 204b om. GRUB. K\n+0002ea20: 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 ernels that supp\n+0002ea30: 6f72 7420 7468 6973 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 ort this include\n+0002ea40: 204c 696e 7578 2c20 474e 5520 4d61 6368 Linux, GNU Mach\n+0002ea50: 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 , the. kerne\n+0002ea60: 6c20 6f66 2046 7265 6542 5344 2061 6e64 l of FreeBSD and\n+0002ea70: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 Multiboot kerne\n+0002ea80: 6c73 2069 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c2e 0a0a ls in general...\n+0002ea90: 2020 2020 2053 796e 7461 7820 6973 2074 Syntax is t\n+0002eaa0: 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2070 726f 7669 he same as provi\n+0002eab0: 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 204d 656d 7465 ded by the Memte\n+0002eac0: 7374 3836 2b20 7574 696c 6974 790a 2020 st86+ utility. \n+0002ead0: 2020 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e6d (http://www.m\n+0002eae0: 656d 7465 7374 2e6f 7267 2f29 3a20 6120 emtest.org/): a \n+0002eaf0: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6164 6472 6573 732f list of address/\n+0002eb00: 6d61 736b 2070 6169 7273 2e20 2047 6976 mask pairs. Giv\n+0002eb10: 656e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 6765 2d61 en a. page-a\n+0002eb20: 6c69 676e 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 ligned address a\n+0002eb30: 6e64 2061 2062 6173 6520 6164 6472 6573 nd a base addres\n+0002eb40: 7320 2f20 6d61 736b 2070 6169 722c 2069 s / mask pair, i\n+0002eb50: 6620 616c 6c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 f all the. b\n+0002eb60: 6974 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2070 6167 652d its of the page-\n+0002eb70: 616c 6967 6e65 6420 6164 6472 6573 7320 aligned address \n+0002eb80: 7468 6174 2061 7265 2065 6e61 626c 6564 that are enabled\n+0002eb90: 2062 7920 7468 6520 6d61 736b 206d 6174 by the mask mat\n+0002eba0: 6368 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 ch. with the\n+0002ebb0: 2062 6173 6520 6164 6472 6573 732c 2069 base address, i\n+0002ebc0: 7420 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6973 2070 6167 t means this pag\n+0002ebd0: 6520 6973 2074 6f20 6265 2066 696c 7465 e is to be filte\n+0002ebe0: 7265 642e 2020 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 red. This. \n+0002ebf0: 7379 6e74 6178 206d 616b 6573 2069 7420 syntax makes it \n+0002ec00: 6561 7379 2074 6f20 7265 7072 6573 656e easy to represen\n+0002ec10: 7420 7061 7474 6572 6e73 2074 6861 7420 t patterns that \n+0002ec20: 6172 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 7265 7375 6c74 are often result\n+0002ec30: 206f 660a 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 of. memory \n+0002ec40: 6461 6d61 6765 2c20 6475 6520 746f 2070 damage, due to p\n+0002ec50: 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 hysical distribu\n+0002ec60: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6d65 6d6f 7279 2063 tion of memory c\n+0002ec70: 656c 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ells... The \n+0002ec80: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2073 696d 696c command is simil\n+0002ec90: 6172 2074 6f20 e280 9863 7574 6d65 6de2 ar to ...cutmem.\n+0002eca0: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 .. command... \n+0002ecb0: 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f 6d6d Note: The comm\n+0002ecc0: 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 and is not allow\n+0002ecd0: 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e ed when lockdown\n+0002ece0: 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 2a6e is enforced (*n\n+0002ecf0: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 ote. Lockdow\n+0002ed00: 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7072 6576 n::). This prev\n+0002ed10: 656e 7473 2072 656d 6f76 696e 6720 4546 ents removing EF\n+0002ed20: 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 I memory regions\n+0002ed30: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2070 6f74 656e 7469 to. potenti\n+0002ed40: 616c 6c79 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 ally subvert the\n+0002ed50: 2073 6563 7572 6974 7920 6d65 6368 616e security mechan\n+0002ed60: 6973 6d73 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 isms provided by\n+0002ed70: 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a 2020 2020 2073 the UEFI. s\n+0002ed80: 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ecure boot.....F\n+0002ed90: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002eda0: 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 Node: blocklist\n+0002edb0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 , Next: boot, \n+0002edc0: 5072 6576 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2c20 2055 Prev: badram, U\n+0002edd0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0002ede0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 commands..17.4.7\n+0002edf0: 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d blocklist.-----\n+0002ee00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0002ee10: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c Command: blockl\n+0002ee20: 6973 7420 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5072 ist file. Pr\n+0002ee30: 696e 7420 6120 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 int a block list\n+0002ee40: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 (*note Block li\n+0002ee50: 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2066 6f72 st syntax::) for\n+0002ee60: 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 FILE.....File: \n+0002ee70: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002ee80: 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 : boot, Next: c\n+0002ee90: 6174 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6c6f 636b at, Prev: block\n+0002eea0: 6c69 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 list, Up: Comma\n+0002eeb0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+0002eec0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e38 2062 6f6f 740a 2d2d ..17.4.8 boot.--\n+0002eed0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0002eee0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 ommand: boot. \n+0002eef0: 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 204f 5320 6f72 Boot the OS or\n+0002ef00: 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 7220 7768 chain-loader wh\n+0002ef10: 6963 6820 6861 7320 6265 656e 206c 6f61 ich has been loa\n+0002ef20: 6465 642e 2020 4f6e 6c79 206e 6563 6573 ded. Only neces\n+0002ef30: 7361 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6966 2072 756e sary. if run\n+0002ef40: 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c79 2069 ning the fully i\n+0002ef50: 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 2063 6f6d 6d61 nteractive comma\n+0002ef60: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 2869 7420 6973 2069 nd-line (it is i\n+0002ef70: 6d70 6c69 6369 7420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 mplicit at. \n+0002ef80: 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 2061 206d 656e the end of a men\n+0002ef90: 7520 656e 7472 7929 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c u entry).....Fil\n+0002efa0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0002efb0: 6f64 653a 2063 6174 2c20 204e 6578 743a ode: cat, Next:\n+0002efc0: 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 clear, Prev: b\n+0002efd0: 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e oot, Up: Comman\n+0002efe0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+0002eff0: 0a31 372e 342e 3920 6361 740a 2d2d 2d2d .17.4.9 cat.----\n+0002f000: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002f010: 616e 643a 2063 6174 205b 2d2d 646f 735d and: cat [--dos]\n+0002f020: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2044 6973 706c file. Displ\n+0002f030: 6179 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 ay the contents \n+0002f040: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 4649 4c45 of the file FILE\n+0002f050: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 . This command \n+0002f060: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c0a 2020 may be useful. \n+0002f070: 2020 2074 6f20 7265 6d69 6e64 2079 6f75 to remind you\n+0002f080: 206f 6620 796f 7572 204f 5327 7320 726f of your OS's ro\n+0002f090: 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 ot partition:.. \n+0002f0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 2063 grub> c\n+0002f0b0: 6174 202f 6574 632f 6673 7461 620a 0a20 at /etc/fstab.. \n+0002f0c0: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d If the ...--\n+0002f0d0: 646f 73e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 dos... option is\n+0002f0e0: 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 6e20 6361 7272 used, then carr\n+0002f0f0: 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 6e20 2f20 6e65 iage return / ne\n+0002f100: 7720 6c69 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 7061 6972 w line. pair\n+0002f110: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6469 7370 6c61 s will be displa\n+0002f120: 7965 6420 6173 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 yed as a simple \n+0002f130: 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 new line. Other\n+0002f140: 7769 7365 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 wise, the. c\n+0002f150: 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 7475 726e 2077 arriage return w\n+0002f160: 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 ill be displayed\n+0002f170: 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 6368 as a control ch\n+0002f180: 6172 6163 7465 7220 28e2 8098 3c64 3ee2 aracter (....\n+0002f190: 8099 2920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 ..) to. make\n+0002f1a0: 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 7365 it easier to se\n+0002f1b0: 6520 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7420 7072 6f62 e when boot prob\n+0002f1c0: 6c65 6d73 2061 7265 2063 6175 7365 6420 lems are caused \n+0002f1d0: 6279 2061 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2066 by a file. f\n+0002f1e0: 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2044 ormatted using D\n+0002f1f0: 4f53 2d73 7479 6c65 206c 696e 6520 656e OS-style line en\n+0002f200: 6469 6e67 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 dings... Not\n+0002f210: 653a 20e2 8098 6361 74e2 8099 2063 616e e: ...cat... can\n+0002f220: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7669 6577 be used to view\n+0002f230: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n+0002f240: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2075 7369 6e67 2074 devices using t\n+0002f250: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 he. block li\n+0002f260: 7374 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 st syntax (*note\n+0002f270: 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 Block list synt\n+0002f280: 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c ax::). However,\n+0002f290: 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 it is not. \n+0002f2a0: 6164 7669 7365 6420 746f 2076 6965 7720 advised to view \n+0002f2b0: 6269 6e61 7279 2064 6174 6120 6265 6361 binary data beca\n+0002f2c0: 7573 6520 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 use it will try \n+0002f2d0: 746f 2064 6563 6f64 6520 5554 462d 380a to decode UTF-8.\n+0002f2e0: 2020 2020 2073 7472 696e 6773 2c20 7768 strings, wh\n+0002f2f0: 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6c65 6164 2074 6f20 ich can lead to \n+0002f300: 736f 6d65 2062 7974 6573 206d 6973 7369 some bytes missi\n+0002f310: 6e67 206f 7220 6164 6465 6420 696e 2074 ng or added in t\n+0002f320: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 he. output. \n+0002f330: 2049 6e73 7465 6164 2c20 7573 6520 7468 Instead, use th\n+0002f340: 6520 e280 9868 6578 6475 6d70 e280 9920 e ...hexdump... \n+0002f350: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 command (*note h\n+0002f360: 6578 6475 6d70 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 exdump::).....Fi\n+0002f370: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002f380: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 4e65 Node: clear, Ne\n+0002f390: 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 xt: cmosclean, \n+0002f3a0: 5072 6576 3a20 6361 742c 2020 5570 3a20 Prev: cat, Up: \n+0002f3b0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0002f3c0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3130 2063 mands..17.4.10 c\n+0002f3d0: 6c65 6172 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lear.-----------\n+0002f3e0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002f3f0: 2063 6c65 6172 0a20 2020 2020 436c 6561 clear. Clea\n+0002f400: 7220 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 0a1f r the screen....\n+0002f410: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002f420: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 , Node: cmoscle\n+0002f430: 616e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d6f 7364 an, Next: cmosd\n+0002f440: 756d 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636c 6561 ump, Prev: clea\n+0002f450: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d r, Up: Command-\n+0002f460: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0002f470: 372e 342e 3131 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 7.4.11 cmosclean\n+0002f480: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0002f490: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002f4a0: 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2062 7974 653a cmosclean byte:\n+0002f4b0: 6269 740a 2020 2020 2043 6c65 6172 2076 bit. Clear v\n+0002f4c0: 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 7420 696e 2043 alue of bit in C\n+0002f4d0: 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 MOS at location \n+0002f4e0: 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 2054 6869 7320 BYTE:BIT. This \n+0002f4f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 command is. \n+0002f500: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 6c79 206f available only o\n+0002f510: 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 n platforms that\n+0002f520: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a support CMOS...\n+0002f530: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002f540: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 o, Node: cmosdu\n+0002f550: 6d70 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d6f 7374 mp, Next: cmost\n+0002f560: 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 est, Prev: cmos\n+0002f570: 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d clean, Up: Comm\n+0002f580: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002f590: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3132 2063 6d6f 7364 s..17.4.12 cmosd\n+0002f5a0: 756d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ump.------------\n+0002f5b0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 4475 6d70 3a20 ----.. -- Dump: \n+0002f5c0: 434d 4f53 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 730a 2020 CMOS contents. \n+0002f5d0: 2020 2044 756d 7020 6675 6c6c 2043 4d4f Dump full CMO\n+0002f5e0: 5320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2061 7320 6865 S contents as he\n+0002f5f0: 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 7661 6c75 6573 xadecimal values\n+0002f600: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 . This command \n+0002f610: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c is. availabl\n+0002f620: 6520 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f e only on platfo\n+0002f630: 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 rms that support\n+0002f640: 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 CMOS.....File: \n+0002f650: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002f660: 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 204e 6578 : cmostest, Nex\n+0002f670: 743a 2063 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 t: cmp, Prev: c\n+0002f680: 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f mosdump, Up: Co\n+0002f690: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0002f6a0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3133 2063 6d6f nds..17.4.13 cmo\n+0002f6b0: 7374 6573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d stest.----------\n+0002f6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002f6d0: 616e 643a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 7420 6279 and: cmostest by\n+0002f6e0: 7465 3a62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 te:bit. Test\n+0002f6f0: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6269 7420 696e value of bit in\n+0002f700: 2043 4d4f 5320 6174 206c 6f63 6174 696f CMOS at locatio\n+0002f710: 6e20 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2e20 2045 7869 n BYTE:BIT. Exi\n+0002f720: 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 730a 2020 2020 t status is. \n+0002f730: 207a 6572 6f20 6966 2062 6974 2069 7320 zero if bit is \n+0002f740: 7365 742c 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 6f20 6f74 set, non zero ot\n+0002f750: 6865 7277 6973 652e 2020 5468 6973 2063 herwise. This c\n+0002f760: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 ommand is availa\n+0002f770: 626c 650a 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e ble. only on\n+0002f780: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 7420 platforms that \n+0002f790: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f support CMOS....\n+0002f7a0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0002f7b0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 2c20 204e , Node: cmp, N\n+0002f7c0: 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 652c ext: configfile,\n+0002f7d0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 Prev: cmostest\n+0002f7e0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0002f7f0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+0002f800: 2e34 2e31 3420 636d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .4.14 cmp.------\n+0002f810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0002f820: 6e64 3a20 636d 7020 5b2d 765d 2066 696c nd: cmp [-v] fil\n+0002f830: 6531 2066 696c 6532 0a20 2020 2020 436f e1 file2. Co\n+0002f840: 6d70 6172 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 mpare the file F\n+0002f850: 494c 4531 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6669 ILE1 with the fi\n+0002f860: 6c65 2046 494c 4532 2e20 2049 6620 7468 le FILE2. If th\n+0002f870: 6579 2061 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 656c ey are completel\n+0002f880: 790a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c y. identical\n+0002f890: 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 , ...$?... will \n+0002f8a0: 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 302e 2020 4f74 be set to 0. Ot\n+0002f8b0: 6865 7277 6973 652c 2069 6620 7468 6520 herwise, if the \n+0002f8c0: 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 740a 2020 files are not. \n+0002f8d0: 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2c20 e280 identical, ..\n+0002f8e0: 9824 3fe2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 .$?... will be s\n+0002f8f0: 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f20 et to a nonzero \n+0002f900: 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 7920 value... By \n+0002f910: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 default nothing \n+0002f920: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 will be output. \n+0002f930: 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 76e2 8099 If the ...-v...\n+0002f940: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7665 7262 6f73 is used, verbos\n+0002f950: 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 6973 2065 e. mode is e\n+0002f960: 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 nabled. In this\n+0002f970: 206d 6f64 6520 7768 656e 2077 6865 6e20 mode when when \n+0002f980: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7320 6469 6666 6572 the files differ\n+0002f990: 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 in size,. p\n+0002f9a0: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2073 697a 6573 206c rint the sizes l\n+0002f9b0: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike this:.. \n+0002f9c0: 2020 2020 2044 6966 6665 7220 696e 2073 Differ in s\n+0002f9d0: 697a 653a 2030 7831 3233 3420 5b66 6f6f ize: 0x1234 [foo\n+0002f9e0: 5d2c 2030 7834 3332 3120 5b62 6172 5d0a ], 0x4321 [bar].\n+0002f9f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2073 697a . If the siz\n+0002fa00: 6573 2061 7265 2065 7175 616c 2062 7574 es are equal but\n+0002fa10: 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 2061 7420 616e the bytes at an\n+0002fa20: 206f 6666 7365 7420 6469 6666 6572 2c20 offset differ, \n+0002fa30: 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e 7420 then. print \n+0002fa40: 7468 6520 6279 7465 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 the bytes like t\n+0002fa50: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 his:.. \n+0002fa60: 4469 6666 6572 2061 7420 7468 6520 6f66 Differ at the of\n+0002fa70: 6673 6574 2037 3737 3a20 3078 6265 205b fset 777: 0xbe [\n+0002fa80: 666f 6f5d 2c20 3078 6566 205b 6261 725d foo], 0xef [bar]\n+0002fa90: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002faa0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 nfo, Node: conf\n+0002fab0: 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 igfile, Next: c\n+0002fac0: 7075 6964 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d70 puid, Prev: cmp\n+0002fad0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0002fae0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+0002faf0: 2e34 2e31 3520 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 .4.15 configfile\n+0002fb00: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0002fb10: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0002fb20: 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2066 696c : configfile fil\n+0002fb30: 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 4649 4c45 e. Load FILE\n+0002fb40: 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 as a configurat\n+0002fb50: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 2049 6620 4649 ion file. If FI\n+0002fb60: 4c45 2064 6566 696e 6573 2061 6e79 206d LE defines any m\n+0002fb70: 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 enu. entries\n+0002fb80: 2c20 7468 656e 2073 686f 7720 6120 6d65 , then show a me\n+0002fb90: 6e75 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 nu containing th\n+0002fba0: 656d 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2e20 em immediately. \n+0002fbb0: 2041 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f Any. enviro\n+0002fbc0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 nment variable c\n+0002fbd0: 6861 6e67 6573 206d 6164 6520 6279 2074 hanges made by t\n+0002fbe0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 2046 he commands in F\n+0002fbf0: 494c 4520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 ILE will not. \n+0002fc00: 2020 6265 2070 7265 7365 7276 6564 2061 be preserved a\n+0002fc10: 6674 6572 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 fter ...configfi\n+0002fc20: 6c65 e280 9920 7265 7475 726e 732e 0a0a le... returns...\n+0002fc30: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002fc40: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6370 7569 642c o, Node: cpuid,\n+0002fc50: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6372 632c 2020 5072 Next: crc, Pr\n+0002fc60: 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 ev: configfile, \n+0002fc70: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0002fc80: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+0002fc90: 2e31 3620 6370 7569 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .16 cpuid.------\n+0002fca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002fcb0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6370 7569 6420 5b2d 6c5d mand: cpuid [-l]\n+0002fcc0: 205b 2d70 5d0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b [-p]. Check\n+0002fcd0: 2066 6f72 2043 5055 2066 6561 7475 7265 for CPU feature\n+0002fce0: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 s. This command\n+0002fcf0: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 is only availab\n+0002fd00: 6c65 206f 6e20 7838 360a 2020 2020 2073 le on x86. s\n+0002fd10: 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 ystems... Wi\n+0002fd20: 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 9920 th the ...-l... \n+0002fd30: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 option, return t\n+0002fd40: 7275 6520 6966 2074 6865 2043 5055 2073 rue if the CPU s\n+0002fd50: 7570 706f 7274 7320 6c6f 6e67 206d 6f64 upports long mod\n+0002fd60: 650a 2020 2020 2028 3634 2d62 6974 292e e. (64-bit).\n+0002fd70: 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 .. With the \n+0002fd80: e280 982d 70e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c ...-p... option,\n+0002fd90: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7472 7565 2069 6620 return true if \n+0002fda0: 7468 6520 4350 5520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 the CPU supports\n+0002fdb0: 2050 6879 7369 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2041 Physical. A\n+0002fdc0: 6464 7265 7373 2045 7874 656e 7369 6f6e ddress Extension\n+0002fdd0: 2028 5041 4529 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 (PAE)... If\n+0002fde0: 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 686f 7574 invoked without\n+0002fdf0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 6973 2063 options, this c\n+0002fe00: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 ommand currently\n+0002fe10: 2062 6568 6176 6573 2061 7320 6966 2069 behaves as if i\n+0002fe20: 740a 2020 2020 2068 6164 2062 6565 6e20 t. had been \n+0002fe30: 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 invoked with ...\n+0002fe40: 2d6c e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 -l.... This may\n+0002fe50: 2063 6861 6e67 6520 696e 2074 6865 2066 change in the f\n+0002fe60: 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 uture.....File: \n+0002fe70: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002fe80: 3a20 6372 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6372 : crc, Next: cr\n+0002fe90: 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 yptomount, Prev\n+0002fea0: 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f : cpuid, Up: Co\n+0002feb0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0002fec0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3137 2063 7263 nds..17.4.17 crc\n+0002fed0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d .-----------.. -\n+0002fee0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7263 2061 - Command: crc a\n+0002fef0: 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 rg .... Alia\n+0002ff00: 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d s for ...hashsum\n+0002ff10: 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6372 6333 3220 6172 --hash crc32 ar\n+0002ff20: 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 g ....... See c\n+0002ff30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 ommand ...hashsu\n+0002ff40: 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 m.... (*note\n+0002ff50: 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 hashsum::) for \n+0002ff60: 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e full description\n+0002ff70: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002ff80: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7279 info, Node: cry\n+0002ff90: 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a ptomount, Next:\n+0002ffa0: 2063 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 cutmem, Prev: \n+0002ffb0: 6372 632c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e crc, Up: Comman\n+0002ffc0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+0002ffd0: 0a31 372e 342e 3138 2063 7279 7074 6f6d .17.4.18 cryptom\n+0002ffe0: 6f75 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ount.-----------\n+0002fff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00030000: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 mmand: cryptomou\n+00030010: 6e74 205b 205b 2d70 2070 6173 7377 6f72 nt [ [-p passwor\n+00030020: 645d 207c 205b 2d6b 206b 6579 6669 6c65 d] | [-k keyfile\n+00030030: 205b 2d4f 206b 6579 6f66 6673 6574 5d0a [-O keyoffset].\n+00030040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 5320 6b65 [-S ke\n+00030050: 7973 697a 655d 205d 205d 205b 2d48 2066 ysize] ] ] [-H f\n+00030060: 696c 655d 2064 6576 6963 657c 2d75 2075 ile] device|-u u\n+00030070: 7569 647c 2d61 7c2d 620a 2020 2020 2053 uid|-a|-b. S\n+00030080: 6574 7570 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2065 etup access to e\n+00030090: 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 652e ncrypted device.\n+000300a0: 2020 4120 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2077 A passphrase w\n+000300b0: 696c 6c20 6265 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 ill be requested\n+000300c0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 . interactiv\n+000300d0: 656c 792c 2069 6620 6e65 6974 6865 7220 ely, if neither \n+000300e0: 7468 6520 e280 982d 70e2 8099 206e 6f72 the ...-p... nor\n+000300f0: 20e2 8098 2d6b e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-k... option\n+00030100: 7320 6172 6520 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 5468 s are given. Th\n+00030110: 650a 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 e. option ..\n+00030120: 982d 70e2 8099 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 .-p... can be us\n+00030130: 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2061 2070 ed to supply a p\n+00030140: 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 2875 7365 6675 assphrase (usefu\n+00030150: 6c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6970 l for. scrip\n+00030160: 7473 292e 2020 416c 7465 726e 6174 6976 ts). Alternativ\n+00030170: 656c 7920 7468 6520 e280 982d 6be2 8099 ely the ...-k...\n+00030180: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2075 option can be u\n+00030190: 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 706c 7920 610a sed to supply a.\n+000301a0: 2020 2020 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2077 6974 keyfile wit\n+000301b0: 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 e280 982d 4fe2 h options ...-O.\n+000301c0: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d53 e280 9920 .. and ...-S... \n+000301d0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2073 7570 706c optionally suppl\n+000301e0: 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206f 6666 7365 740a ying the offset.\n+000301f0: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2073 697a 652c 2072 and size, r\n+00030200: 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792c 206f 6620 espectively, of \n+00030210: 7468 6520 6b65 7920 6461 7461 2069 6e20 the key data in \n+00030220: 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 7920 6669 the given key fi\n+00030230: 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 le. The. ..\n+00030240: 982d 48e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2063 .-H... options c\n+00030250: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 an be used to su\n+00030260: 7070 6c79 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 pply cryptomount\n+00030270: 2062 6163 6b65 6e64 7320 7769 7468 2061 backends with a\n+00030280: 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 n. alternati\n+00030290: 7665 2068 6561 6465 7220 6669 6c65 2028 ve header file (\n+000302a0: 616b 6120 6465 7461 6368 6564 2068 6561 aka detached hea\n+000302b0: 6465 7229 2e20 204e 6f74 2061 6c6c 2062 der). Not all b\n+000302c0: 6163 6b65 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2068 6176 ackends. hav\n+000302d0: 6520 6865 6164 6572 7320 6e6f 7220 7375 e headers nor su\n+000302e0: 7070 6f72 7420 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 pport alternativ\n+000302f0: 6520 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c 6573 2028 e header files (\n+00030300: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 0a20 currently only. \n+00030310: 2020 2020 4c55 4b53 3120 616e 6420 4c55 LUKS1 and LU\n+00030320: 4b53 3220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 656d KS2 support them\n+00030330: 292e 2020 4172 6775 6d65 6e74 2044 4556 ). Argument DEV\n+00030340: 4943 4520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2073 ICE configures s\n+00030350: 7065 6369 6669 630a 2020 2020 2067 7275 pecific. gru\n+00030360: 6220 6465 7669 6365 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 b device (*note \n+00030370: 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f Naming conventio\n+00030380: 6e3a 3a29 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 n::); option ...\n+00030390: 2d75 e280 9920 5555 4944 0a20 2020 2020 -u... UUID. \n+000303a0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 2064 6576 6963 configures devic\n+000303b0: 6520 7769 7468 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 e with specified\n+000303c0: 2055 5549 443b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 UUID; option ..\n+000303d0: 982d 61e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 .-a... configure\n+000303e0: 7320 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6574 6563 s all. detec\n+000303f0: 7465 6420 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 ted encrypted de\n+00030400: 7669 6365 733b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 vices; option ..\n+00030410: 982d 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 .-b... configure\n+00030420: 7320 616c 6c20 6765 6c69 0a20 2020 2020 s all geli. \n+00030430: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2074 6861 7420 containers that \n+00030440: 6861 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 666c 6167 2073 have boot flag s\n+00030450: 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4465 7669 6365 et... Device\n+00030460: 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 s are not allowe\n+00030470: 6420 746f 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6173 d to be given as\n+00030480: 206b 6579 2066 696c 6573 206e 6f72 2061 key files nor a\n+00030490: 7320 6465 7461 6368 6564 0a20 2020 2020 s detached. \n+000304a0: 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c 6573 2e20 2048 header files. H\n+000304b0: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6973 206c 696d owever, this lim\n+000304c0: 6974 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2077 itation can be w\n+000304d0: 6f72 6b65 6420 6172 6f75 6e64 2062 790a orked around by.\n+000304e0: 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 2062 6c6f 636b using block\n+000304f0: 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 536f list syntax. So\n+00030500: 2066 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 20e2 for instance, .\n+00030510: 8098 2868 6431 2c67 7074 3229 e280 9920 ..(hd1,gpt2)... \n+00030520: 6361 6e20 6e6f 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 can not be. \n+00030530: 7573 6564 2c20 6275 7420 e280 9828 6864 used, but ...(hd\n+00030540: 312c 6770 7432 2930 2be2 8099 2077 696c 1,gpt2)0+... wil\n+00030550: 6c20 6163 6869 6576 6520 7468 6520 6465 l achieve the de\n+00030560: 7369 7265 6420 7265 7375 6c74 2e0a 0a20 sired result... \n+00030570: 2020 2020 4752 5542 2073 7570 6f72 7473 GRUB suports\n+00030580: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2065 6e63 7279 7074 devices encrypt\n+00030590: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 204c 554b 532c 204c ed using LUKS, L\n+000305a0: 554b 5332 2061 6e64 2067 656c 692e 2020 UKS2 and geli. \n+000305b0: 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 206e Note. that n\n+000305c0: 6563 6573 7361 7279 206d 6f64 756c 6573 ecessary modules\n+000305d0: 2028 4c55 4b53 2c20 4c55 4b53 3220 616e (LUKS, LUKS2 an\n+000305e0: 6420 4745 4c49 2920 6861 7665 2074 6f20 d GELI) have to \n+000305f0: 6265 206c 6f61 6465 640a 2020 2020 206d be loaded. m\n+00030600: 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 666f 7265 2074 anually before t\n+00030610: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 his command can \n+00030620: 6265 2075 7365 642e 2020 466f 7220 4c55 be used. For LU\n+00030630: 4b53 3220 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 0a20 2020 KS2 only the. \n+00030640: 2020 5042 4b44 4632 206b 6579 2064 6572 PBKDF2 key der\n+00030650: 6976 6174 696f 6e20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e ivation function\n+00030660: 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642c 2061 is supported, a\n+00030670: 7320 4172 676f 6e32 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 s Argon2 is not \n+00030680: 7965 740a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 yet. support\n+00030690: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5375 6363 6573 ed... Succes\n+000306a0: 7366 756c 6c79 2064 6563 7279 7074 6564 sfully decrypted\n+000306b0: 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 206e 616d 6564 disks are named\n+000306c0: 2061 7320 2863 7279 7074 6f58 2920 616e as (cryptoX) an\n+000306d0: 6420 6861 7665 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6372 d have. incr\n+000306e0: 6561 7369 6e67 206e 756d 6572 6174 696f easing numeratio\n+000306f0: 6e20 7375 6666 6978 2066 6f72 2065 6163 n suffix for eac\n+00030700: 6820 6e65 7720 6465 6372 7970 7465 6420 h new decrypted \n+00030710: 6469 736b 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 disk. If the. \n+00030720: 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6973 encrypted dis\n+00030730: 6b20 686f 7374 7320 736f 6d65 2068 6967 k hosts some hig\n+00030740: 6865 7220 6c65 7665 6c20 6f66 2061 6273 her level of abs\n+00030750: 7472 6163 7469 6f6e 2028 6c69 6b65 204c traction (like L\n+00030760: 564d 3220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 4d44 5241 VM2 or. MDRA\n+00030770: 4944 2920 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 ID) it will be c\n+00030780: 7265 6174 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2073 reated under a s\n+00030790: 6570 6172 6174 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e eparate device n\n+000307a0: 616d 6573 7061 6365 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 amespace in. \n+000307b0: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 addition to the\n+000307c0: 2063 7279 7074 6f64 6973 6b20 6e61 6d65 cryptodisk name\n+000307d0: 7370 6163 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 7570 space... Sup\n+000307e0: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2065 port for plain e\n+000307f0: 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2028 ncryption mode (\n+00030800: 706c 6169 6e20 646d 2d63 7279 7074 2920 plain dm-crypt) \n+00030810: 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 7669 610a is provided via.\n+00030820: 2020 2020 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 e280 separate ..\n+00030830: 982a 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e .*note plainmoun\n+00030840: 743a 3ae2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a t::... command..\n+00030850: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00030860: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7574 6d65 fo, Node: cutme\n+00030870: 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 m, Next: date, \n+00030880: 2050 7265 763a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 Prev: cryptomou\n+00030890: 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nt, Up: Command\n+000308a0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+000308b0: 3137 2e34 2e31 3920 6375 746d 656d 0a2d 17.4.19 cutmem.-\n+000308c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+000308d0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6375 746d -- Command: cutm\n+000308e0: 656d 2066 726f 6d5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d 2074 em from[K|M|G] t\n+000308f0: 6f5b 4b7c 4d7c 475d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 o[K|M|G]. Re\n+00030900: 6d6f 7665 2061 6e79 206d 656d 6f72 7920 move any memory \n+00030910: 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 696e 2073 7065 6369 regions in speci\n+00030920: 6669 6564 2072 616e 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 fied range... \n+00030930: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206e This command n\n+00030940: 6f74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6d65 6d6f otifies the memo\n+00030950: 7279 206d 616e 6167 6572 2074 6861 7420 ry manager that \n+00030960: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e specified region\n+00030970: 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 5241 4d20 6f75 s of. RAM ou\n+00030980: 6768 7420 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 ght to be filter\n+00030990: 6564 206f 7574 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7265 ed out. This re\n+000309a0: 6d61 696e 7320 696e 2065 6666 6563 7420 mains in effect \n+000309b0: 6166 7465 7220 610a 2020 2020 2070 6179 after a. pay\n+000309c0: 6c6f 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6861 7320 load kernel has \n+000309d0: 6265 656e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 2047 been loaded by G\n+000309e0: 5255 422c 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 RUB, as long as \n+000309f0: 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 0a20 2020 2020 the loaded. \n+00030a00: 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6274 6169 6e73 2069 kernel obtains i\n+00030a10: 7473 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 6672 ts memory map fr\n+00030a20: 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 204b 6572 6e65 6c73 om GRUB. Kernels\n+00030a30: 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 that support th\n+00030a40: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 696e 636c 7564 6520 is. include \n+00030a50: 4c69 6e75 782c 2047 4e55 204d 6163 682c Linux, GNU Mach,\n+00030a60: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 2046 the kernel of F\n+00030a70: 7265 6542 5344 2061 6e64 204d 756c 7469 reeBSD and Multi\n+00030a80: 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c boot. kernel\n+00030a90: 7320 696e 2067 656e 6572 616c 2e0a 0a20 s in general... \n+00030aa0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 The command \n+00030ab0: 6973 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 e280 is similar to ..\n+00030ac0: 9862 6164 7261 6de2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 .badram... comma\n+00030ad0: 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 nd... Note: \n+00030ae0: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e The command is n\n+00030af0: 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 ot allowed when \n+00030b00: 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f lockdown is enfo\n+00030b10: 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 rced (*note. \n+00030b20: 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 Lockdown::). T\n+00030b30: 6869 7320 7072 6576 656e 7473 2072 656d his prevents rem\n+00030b40: 6f76 696e 6720 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 oving EFI memory\n+00030b50: 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 regions to. \n+00030b60: 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2073 7562 potentially sub\n+00030b70: 7665 7274 2074 6865 2073 6563 7572 6974 vert the securit\n+00030b80: 7920 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2070 726f y mechanisms pro\n+00030b90: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2055 4546 vided by the UEF\n+00030ba0: 490a 2020 2020 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f I. secure bo\n+00030bb0: 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ot.....File: gru\n+00030bc0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 b.info, Node: d\n+00030bd0: 6174 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 7669 ate, Next: devi\n+00030be0: 6365 7472 6565 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 cetree, Prev: c\n+00030bf0: 7574 6d65 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d utmem, Up: Comm\n+00030c00: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00030c10: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3230 2064 6174 650a s..17.4.20 date.\n+00030c20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00030c30: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 6174 6520 - Command: date \n+00030c40: 5b5b 7965 6172 2d5d 6d6f 6e74 682d 6461 [[year-]month-da\n+00030c50: 795d 205b 686f 7572 3a6d 696e 7574 655b y] [hour:minute[\n+00030c60: 3a73 6563 6f6e 645d 5d0a 2020 2020 2057 :second]]. W\n+00030c70: 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 ith no arguments\n+00030c80: 2c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 , print the curr\n+00030c90: 656e 7420 6461 7465 2061 6e64 2074 696d ent date and tim\n+00030ca0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 e... Otherwi\n+00030cb0: 7365 2c20 7461 6b65 2074 6865 2063 7572 se, take the cur\n+00030cc0: 7265 6e74 2064 6174 6520 616e 6420 7469 rent date and ti\n+00030cd0: 6d65 2c20 6368 616e 6765 2061 6e79 2065 me, change any e\n+00030ce0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 lements. spe\n+00030cf0: 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 cified as argume\n+00030d00: 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 nts, and set the\n+00030d10: 2072 6573 756c 7420 6173 2074 6865 206e result as the n\n+00030d20: 6577 2064 6174 6520 616e 640a 2020 2020 ew date and. \n+00030d30: 2074 696d 652e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d time. For exam\n+00030d40: 706c 652c 2027 6461 7465 2030 312d 3031 ple, 'date 01-01\n+00030d50: 2720 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 2074 6865 2063 ' will set the c\n+00030d60: 7572 7265 6e74 206d 6f6e 7468 2061 6e64 urrent month and\n+00030d70: 2064 6179 0a20 2020 2020 746f 204a 616e day. to Jan\n+00030d80: 7561 7279 2031 2c20 6275 7420 6c65 6176 uary 1, but leav\n+00030d90: 6520 7468 6520 7965 6172 2c20 686f 7572 e the year, hour\n+00030da0: 2c20 6d69 6e75 7465 2c20 616e 6420 7365 , minute, and se\n+00030db0: 636f 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6368 616e cond. unchan\n+00030dc0: 6765 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ged.....File: gr\n+00030dd0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00030de0: 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 204e 6578 devicetree, Nex\n+00030df0: 743a 2064 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 5072 t: distrust, Pr\n+00030e00: 6576 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ev: date, Up: C\n+00030e10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00030e20: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3120 6465 ands..17.4.21 de\n+00030e30: 7669 6365 7472 6565 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d vicetree.-------\n+00030e40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00030e50: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6465 7669 6365 Command: device\n+00030e60: 7472 6565 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 204c tree file. L\n+00030e70: 6f61 6420 6120 6465 7669 6365 2074 7265 oad a device tre\n+00030e80: 6520 626c 6f62 2028 2e64 7462 2920 6672 e blob (.dtb) fr\n+00030e90: 6f6d 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c om a filesystem,\n+00030ea0: 2066 6f72 206c 6174 6572 2075 7365 2062 for later use b\n+00030eb0: 790a 2020 2020 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b y. a Linux k\n+00030ec0: 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 446f 6573 206e 6f74 ernel. Does not\n+00030ed0: 2070 6572 666f 726d 206d 6572 6769 6e67 perform merging\n+00030ee0: 2077 6974 6820 616e 7920 6465 7669 6365 with any device\n+00030ef0: 2074 7265 650a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706c tree. suppl\n+00030f00: 6965 6420 6279 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c ied by firmware,\n+00030f10: 2062 7574 2072 6174 6865 7220 7265 706c but rather repl\n+00030f20: 6163 6573 2069 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 aces it complete\n+00030f30: 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 ly... Note: \n+00030f40: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e The command is n\n+00030f50: 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 ot allowed when \n+00030f60: 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f lockdown is enfo\n+00030f70: 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 rced (*note. \n+00030f80: 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 Lockdown::). T\n+00030f90: 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 746f 2070 his is done to p\n+00030fa0: 7265 7665 6e74 2073 7562 7665 7274 696e revent subvertin\n+00030fb0: 6720 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7365 6375 7269 g various securi\n+00030fc0: 7479 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 ty. mechanis\n+00030fd0: 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ms.....File: gru\n+00030fe0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 b.info, Node: d\n+00030ff0: 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 istrust, Next: \n+00031000: 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 2050 7265 763a drivemap, Prev:\n+00031010: 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c 2020 5570 devicetree, Up\n+00031020: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00031030: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3232 ommands..17.4.22\n+00031040: 2064 6973 7472 7573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d distrust.------\n+00031050: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00031060: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 6973 7472 7573 Command: distrus\n+00031070: 7420 7075 626b 6579 5f69 640a 2020 2020 t pubkey_id. \n+00031080: 2052 656d 6f76 6520 7075 626c 6963 206b Remove public k\n+00031090: 6579 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4944 2066 726f ey PUBKEY_ID fro\n+000310a0: 6d20 4752 5542 2773 206b 6579 7269 6e67 m GRUB's keyring\n+000310b0: 206f 6620 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 of trusted keys\n+000310c0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4944 .. PUBKEY_ID\n+000310d0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2066 6f75 is the last fou\n+000310e0: 7220 6279 7465 7320 2865 6967 6874 2068 r bytes (eight h\n+000310f0: 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 exadecimal digit\n+00031100: 7329 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2047 s) of the. G\n+00031110: 5047 2076 3420 6b65 7920 6964 2c20 7768 PG v4 key id, wh\n+00031120: 6963 6820 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7468 6520 ich is also the \n+00031130: 6f75 7470 7574 206f 6620 e280 986c 6973 output of ...lis\n+00031140: 745f 7472 7573 7465 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e t_trusted... (*n\n+00031150: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 206c 6973 745f 7472 ote. list_tr\n+00031160: 7573 7465 643a 3a29 2e20 204f 7574 7369 usted::). Outsi\n+00031170: 6465 206f 6620 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6520 de of GRUB, the \n+00031180: 6b65 7920 6964 2063 616e 2062 6520 6f62 key id can be ob\n+00031190: 7461 696e 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 tained using. \n+000311a0: 2020 e280 9867 7067 202d 2d66 696e 6765 ...gpg --finge\n+000311b0: 7270 7269 6e74 e280 9929 2e20 2054 6865 rprint...). The\n+000311c0: 7365 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 se keys are used\n+000311d0: 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2073 6967 to validate sig\n+000311e0: 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2020 2020 2077 6865 natures. whe\n+000311f0: 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 n environment va\n+00031200: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f riable ...check_\n+00031210: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 signatures... is\n+00031220: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 set to ...enfor\n+00031230: 6365 e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 ce.... (*not\n+00031240: 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 e check_signatur\n+00031250: 6573 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2062 7920 736f es::), and by so\n+00031260: 6d65 2069 6e76 6f63 6174 696f 6e73 206f me invocations o\n+00031270: 660a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7665 7269 6679 f. ...verify\n+00031280: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e _detached... (*n\n+00031290: 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 ote verify_detac\n+000312a0: 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 hed::). *Note U\n+000312b0: 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a20 2020 sing digital. \n+000312c0: 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 signatures::, \n+000312d0: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 for more informa\n+000312e0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n+000312f0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00031300: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702c 2020 4e65 7874 drivemap, Next\n+00031310: 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 : echo, Prev: d\n+00031320: 6973 7472 7573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f istrust, Up: Co\n+00031330: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00031340: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3233 2064 7269 nds..17.4.23 dri\n+00031350: 7665 6d61 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d vemap.----------\n+00031360: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00031370: 616e 643a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 7020 2d6c and: drivemap -l\n+00031380: 7c2d 727c 5b2d 735d 2066 726f 6d5f 6472 |-r|[-s] from_dr\n+00031390: 6976 6520 746f 5f64 7269 7665 0a20 2020 ive to_drive. \n+000313a0: 2020 5769 7468 6f75 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e Without option\n+000313b0: 732c 206d 6170 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 s, map the drive\n+000313c0: 2046 524f 4d5f 4452 4956 4520 746f 2074 FROM_DRIVE to t\n+000313d0: 6865 2064 7269 7665 2054 4f5f 4452 4956 he drive TO_DRIV\n+000313e0: 452e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 E.. This is \n+000313f0: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 7768 656e 2079 necessary when y\n+00031400: 6f75 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 736f ou chain-load so\n+00031410: 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 me operating sys\n+00031420: 7465 6d73 2c20 7375 6368 0a20 2020 2020 tems, such. \n+00031430: 6173 2044 4f53 2c20 6966 2073 7563 6820 as DOS, if such \n+00031440: 616e 204f 5320 7265 7369 6465 7320 6174 an OS resides at\n+00031450: 2061 206e 6f6e 2d66 6972 7374 2064 7269 a non-first dri\n+00031460: 7665 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 636f ve. For. co\n+00031470: 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c 2061 6e79 2070 nvenience, any p\n+00031480: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7566 6669 7820 artition suffix \n+00031490: 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 2069 7320 on the drive is \n+000314a0: 6967 6e6f 7265 642c 2073 6f20 796f 750a ignored, so you.\n+000314b0: 2020 2020 2063 616e 2073 6166 656c 7920 can safely \n+000314c0: 7573 6520 247b 726f 6f74 7d20 6173 2061 use ${root} as a\n+000314d0: 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 drive specifica\n+000314e0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 tion... With\n+000314f0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 9920 6f70 the ...-s... op\n+00031500: 7469 6f6e 2c20 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 7468 tion, perform th\n+00031510: 6520 7265 7665 7273 6520 6d61 7070 696e e reverse mappin\n+00031520: 6720 6173 2077 656c 6c2c 2073 7761 7070 g as well, swapp\n+00031530: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 776f ing. the two\n+00031540: 2064 7269 7665 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 drives... W\n+00031550: 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 ith the ...-l...\n+00031560: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206c 6973 7420 7468 option, list th\n+00031570: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6d61 7070 696e e current mappin\n+00031580: 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 gs... With t\n+00031590: 6865 20e2 8098 2d72 e280 9920 6f70 7469 he ...-r... opti\n+000315a0: 6f6e 2c20 7265 7365 7420 616c 6c20 6d61 on, reset all ma\n+000315b0: 7070 696e 6773 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 ppings to the de\n+000315c0: 6661 756c 7420 7661 6c75 6573 2e0a 0a20 fault values... \n+000315d0: 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 653a For example:\n+000315e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6976 .. driv\n+000315f0: 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 2920 2868 emap -s (hd0) (h\n+00031600: 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 4e4f 5445 3a20 d1).. NOTE: \n+00031610: 4f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f Only available o\n+00031620: 6e20 6933 3836 2d70 632e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 n i386-pc.....Fi\n+00031630: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00031640: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 204e 6578 Node: echo, Nex\n+00031650: 743a 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 t: efitextmode, \n+00031660: 2050 7265 763a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702c Prev: drivemap,\n+00031670: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00031680: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00031690: 342e 3234 2065 6368 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.24 echo.------\n+000316a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+000316b0: 616e 643a 2065 6368 6f20 5b2d 6e5d 205b and: echo [-n] [\n+000316c0: 2d65 5d20 7374 7269 6e67 202e 2e2e 0a20 -e] string .... \n+000316d0: 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 Display the \n+000316e0: 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 7465 7874 2061 requested text a\n+000316f0: 6e64 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2074 6865 20e2 nd, unless the .\n+00031700: 8098 2d6e e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 ..-n... option i\n+00031710: 7320 7573 6564 2c20 610a 2020 2020 2074 s used, a. t\n+00031720: 7261 696c 696e 6720 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 railing new line\n+00031730: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 206d . If there is m\n+00031740: 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2073 7472 ore than one str\n+00031750: 696e 672c 2074 6865 7920 6172 650a 2020 ing, they are. \n+00031760: 2020 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 separated by \n+00031770: 7370 6163 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6f75 spaces in the ou\n+00031780: 7470 7574 2e20 2041 7320 7573 7561 6c20 tput. As usual \n+00031790: 696e 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 in GRUB commands\n+000317a0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 ,. variables\n+000317b0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7375 6273 7469 7475 may be substitu\n+000317c0: 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 e280 9824 7b76 ted using ...${v\n+000317d0: 6172 7de2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ar}...... Th\n+000317e0: 6520 e280 982d 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-e... optio\n+000317f0: 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 7320 696e 7465 7270 n enables interp\n+00031800: 7265 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6261 636b retation of back\n+00031810: 736c 6173 6820 6573 6361 7065 732e 2020 slash escapes. \n+00031820: 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 The. followi\n+00031830: 6e67 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6573 2061 7265 ng sequences are\n+00031840: 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7365 643a 0a0a 2020 recognised:.. \n+00031850: 2020 20e2 8098 5c5c e280 990a 2020 2020 ...\\\\.... \n+00031860: 2020 2020 2020 6261 636b 736c 6173 680a backslash.\n+00031870: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 61e2 8099 0a20 . ...\\a.... \n+00031880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6c65 7274 2028 alert (\n+00031890: 4245 4c29 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c63 BEL).. ...\\c\n+000318a0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 .... su\n+000318b0: 7070 7265 7373 2074 7261 696c 696e 6720 ppress trailing \n+000318c0: 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 new line.. .\n+000318d0: 8098 5c66 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ..\\f.... \n+000318e0: 2020 666f 726d 2066 6565 640a 0a20 2020 form feed.. \n+000318f0: 2020 e280 985c 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ...\\n.... \n+00031900: 2020 2020 206e 6577 206c 696e 650a 0a20 new line.. \n+00031910: 2020 2020 e280 985c 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...\\r.... \n+00031920: 2020 2020 2020 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 carriage \n+00031930: 7265 7475 726e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 return.. ...\n+00031940: 5c74 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\t.... \n+00031950: 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2074 6162 0a0a horizontal tab..\n+00031960: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c76 e280 990a 2020 ...\\v.... \n+00031970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 7274 6963 616c vertical\n+00031980: 2074 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 tab.. When \n+00031990: 696e 7465 7270 7265 7469 6e67 2062 6163 interpreting bac\n+000319a0: 6b73 6c61 7368 2065 7363 6170 6573 2c20 kslash escapes, \n+000319b0: 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 666f 6c6c 6f77 backslash follow\n+000319c0: 6564 2062 7920 616e 790a 2020 2020 206f ed by any. o\n+000319d0: 7468 6572 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2077 ther character w\n+000319e0: 696c 6c20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6174 2063 ill print that c\n+000319f0: 6861 7261 6374 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c haracter.....Fil\n+00031a00: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00031a10: 6f64 653a 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 ode: efitextmode\n+00031a20: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 7661 6c2c 2020 , Next: eval, \n+00031a30: 5072 6576 3a20 6563 686f 2c20 2055 703a Prev: echo, Up:\n+00031a40: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00031a50: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3520 mmands..17.4.25 \n+00031a60: 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 650a 2d2d 2d2d efitextmode.----\n+00031a70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00031a80: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6566 . -- Command: ef\n+00031a90: 6974 6578 746d 6f64 6520 5b6d 696e 207c itextmode [min |\n+00031aa0: 206d 6178 207c 203c 6d6f 6465 5f6e 756d max | | ]. When use\n+00031ad0: 6420 7769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 d with no argume\n+00031ae0: 6e74 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 6c6c nts displays all\n+00031af0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6578 7420 available text \n+00031b00: 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 output. mode\n+00031b10: 732e 2020 5468 6520 7365 7420 6d6f 6465 s. The set mode\n+00031b20: 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 7320 7468 6520 determines the \n+00031b30: 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 columns and rows\n+00031b40: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7465 7874 0a20 2020 of the text. \n+00031b50: 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7768 656e 2069 display when i\n+00031b60: 6e20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 652e 2020 416e n text mode. An\n+00031b70: 2061 7374 6572 6973 6b2c 20e2 8098 2ae2 asterisk, ...*.\n+00031b80: 8099 2c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6174 2074 .., will be at t\n+00031b90: 6865 2065 6e64 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 he end of. t\n+00031ba0: 6865 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2063 he line of the c\n+00031bb0: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2073 6574 206d 6f64 urrently set mod\n+00031bc0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6769 7665 e... If give\n+00031bd0: 6e20 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2070 6172 616d n a single param\n+00031be0: 6574 6572 2c20 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 eter, it must be\n+00031bf0: 20e2 8098 6d69 6ee2 8099 2c20 e280 986d ...min..., ...m\n+00031c00: 6178 e280 992c 206f 7220 6120 6d6f 6465 ax..., or a mode\n+00031c10: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2067 6976 . number giv\n+00031c20: 656e 2062 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 696e en by the listin\n+00031c30: 6720 7768 656e 2072 756e 2077 6974 6820 g when run with \n+00031c40: 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2e20 2054 no arguments. T\n+00031c50: 6865 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6775 6d65 hese. argume\n+00031c60: 6e74 7320 7365 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 nts set the mode\n+00031c70: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c to the minimum,\n+00031c80: 206d 6178 696d 756d 2c20 616e 6420 7061 maximum, and pa\n+00031c90: 7274 6963 756c 6172 206d 6f64 650a 2020 rticular mode. \n+00031ca0: 2020 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e respectively.\n+00031cb0: 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 .. Otherwise\n+00031cc0: 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6d75 , the command mu\n+00031cd0: 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7477 6f20 st be given two \n+00031ce0: 6e75 6d65 7269 6361 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 numerical argume\n+00031cf0: 6e74 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 nts. specify\n+00031d00: 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 ing the columns \n+00031d10: 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 7468 6520 and rows of the \n+00031d20: 6465 7369 7265 6420 6d6f 6465 2e20 2053 desired mode. S\n+00031d30: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 pecifying a. \n+00031d40: 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 columns and row\n+00031d50: 7320 636f 6d62 696e 6174 696f 6e20 7468 s combination th\n+00031d60: 6174 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6473 2074 at corresponds t\n+00031d70: 6f20 6e6f 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 206d o no supported m\n+00031d80: 6f64 652c 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2072 ode,. will r\n+00031d90: 6574 7572 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2062 7574 eturn error, but\n+00031da0: 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2068 6176 6520 otherwise have \n+00031db0: 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 no effect... \n+00031dc0: 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 4752 5542 By default GRUB\n+00031dd0: 2077 696c 6c20 7374 6172 7420 696e 2077 will start in w\n+00031de0: 6861 7465 7665 7220 6d6f 6465 2074 6865 hatever mode the\n+00031df0: 2045 4649 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 2020 EFI firmware. \n+00031e00: 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 2e20 defaults to. \n+00031e10: 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 2066 6972 6d77 There are firmw\n+00031e20: 6172 6573 206b 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 7365 ares known to se\n+00031e30: 7420 7570 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 t up the default\n+00031e40: 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 2073 7563 6820 mode. such \n+00031e50: 7468 6174 206f 7574 7075 7420 6265 6861 that output beha\n+00031e60: 7665 7320 7374 7261 6e67 656c 792c 2066 ves strangely, f\n+00031e70: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 6865 2063 or example the c\n+00031e80: 7572 736f 7220 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ursor in the. \n+00031e90: 2020 4752 5542 2073 6865 6c6c 206e 6576 GRUB shell nev\n+00031ea0: 6572 2072 6561 6368 6573 2074 6865 2062 er reaches the b\n+00031eb0: 6f74 746f 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 2073 6372 ottom of the scr\n+00031ec0: 6565 6e20 6f72 2c20 7768 656e 2074 7970 een or, when typ\n+00031ed0: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2063 6861 7261 6374 ing. charact\n+00031ee0: 6572 7320 6174 2074 6865 2070 726f 6d70 ers at the promp\n+00031ef0: 742c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 6672 t, characters fr\n+00031f00: 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 636f 6d6d om previous comm\n+00031f10: 616e 6420 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 2020 2020 and output. \n+00031f20: 6172 6520 6f76 6572 7772 6974 7465 6e2e are overwritten.\n+00031f30: 2020 5365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 6d6f Setting the mo\n+00031f40: 6465 206d 6179 2066 6978 2074 6869 732e de may fix this.\n+00031f50: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2045 4649 2073 .. The EFI s\n+00031f60: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 6179 pecification say\n+00031f70: 7320 7468 6174 206d 6f64 6520 3020 6d75 s that mode 0 mu\n+00031f80: 7374 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 st be available \n+00031f90: 616e 6420 6861 7665 0a20 2020 2020 636f and have. co\n+00031fa0: 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f lumns and rows o\n+00031fb0: 6620 3830 2061 6e64 2032 3520 7265 7370 f 80 and 25 resp\n+00031fc0: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e20 204d 6f64 6520 ectively. Mode \n+00031fd0: 3120 6d61 7920 6265 2064 6566 696e 6564 1 may be defined\n+00031fe0: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6966 2073 6f20 . and if so \n+00031ff0: 6d75 7374 2068 6176 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e must have column\n+00032000: 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 3830 s and rows of 80\n+00032010: 2061 6e64 2035 3020 7265 7370 6563 7469 and 50 respecti\n+00032020: 7665 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6e79 206f vely.. Any o\n+00032030: 7468 6572 206d 6f64 6573 206d 6179 2068 ther modes may h\n+00032040: 6176 6520 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 ave columns and \n+00032050: 726f 7773 2061 7262 6974 7261 7269 6c79 rows arbitrarily\n+00032060: 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 defined by. \n+00032070: 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 the firmware. \n+00032080: 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 This means that \n+00032090: 6120 6d6f 6465 2077 6974 6820 636f 6c75 a mode with colu\n+000320a0: 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 206f 6620 mns and rows of \n+000320b0: 3130 300a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2033 3120 100. and 31 \n+000320c0: 6f6e 206f 6e65 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 on one firmware \n+000320d0: 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 may be a differe\n+000320e0: 6e74 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f nt mode number o\n+000320f0: 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2064 6966 6665 7265 n a. differe\n+00032100: 6e74 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6f72 206e nt firmware or n\n+00032110: 6f74 2065 7869 7374 2061 7420 616c 6c2e ot exist at all.\n+00032120: 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 6d6f 6465 Likewise, mode\n+00032130: 206e 756d 6265 7220 3220 6f6e 0a20 2020 number 2 on. \n+00032140: 2020 6f6e 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 206d one firmware m\n+00032150: 6179 2068 6176 6520 6120 6469 6666 6572 ay have a differ\n+00032160: 656e 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 636f ent number of co\n+00032170: 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 2074 lumns and rows t\n+00032180: 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6520 3220 han. mode 2 \n+00032190: 6f6e 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 on a different f\n+000321a0: 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 536f 206f 6e65 irmware. So one\n+000321b0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 7265 6c79 should not rely\n+000321c0: 206f 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 on a. parti\n+000321d0: 6375 6c61 7220 6d6f 6465 206e 756d 6265 cular mode numbe\n+000321e0: 7220 6f72 2061 206d 6f64 6520 6f66 2061 r or a mode of a\n+000321f0: 2063 6572 7461 696e 206e 756d 6265 7220 certain number \n+00032200: 6f66 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 0a20 of columns and. \n+00032210: 2020 2020 726f 7773 2065 7869 7374 696e rows existin\n+00032220: 6720 6f6e 2061 6c6c 2066 6972 6d77 6172 g on all firmwar\n+00032230: 6573 2c20 6578 6365 7074 2066 6f72 206d es, except for m\n+00032240: 6f64 6520 302e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 ode 0... Not\n+00032250: 653a 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e: This command \n+00032260: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c is only availabl\n+00032270: 6520 6f6e 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 e on EFI platfor\n+00032280: 6d73 2061 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 ms and is. s\n+00032290: 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 4546 4920 7368 imilar to EFI sh\n+000322a0: 656c 6c20 226d 6f64 6522 2063 6f6d 6d61 ell \"mode\" comma\n+000322b0: 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 nd.....File: gru\n+000322c0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 b.info, Node: e\n+000322d0: 7661 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6578 706f val, Next: expo\n+000322e0: 7274 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 6669 7465 rt, Prev: efite\n+000322f0: 7874 6d6f 6465 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d xtmode, Up: Com\n+00032300: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+00032310: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3620 6576 616c ds..17.4.26 eval\n+00032320: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 .------------.. \n+00032330: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6576 616c -- Command: eval\n+00032340: 2073 7472 696e 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 string .... \n+00032350: 2043 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 7465 2061 7267 Concatenate arg\n+00032360: 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f67 6574 6865 7220 uments together \n+00032370: 7573 696e 6720 7369 6e67 6c65 2073 7061 using single spa\n+00032380: 6365 2061 7320 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 ce as separator \n+00032390: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7661 6c75 6174 and. evaluat\n+000323a0: 6520 7265 7375 6c74 2061 7320 7365 7175 e result as sequ\n+000323b0: 656e 6365 206f 6620 4752 5542 2063 6f6d ence of GRUB com\n+000323c0: 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 mands.....File: \n+000323d0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000323e0: 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2c20 204e 6578 743a : export, Next:\n+000323f0: 2066 616c 7365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 false, Prev: e\n+00032400: 7661 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e val, Up: Comman\n+00032410: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00032420: 0a31 372e 342e 3237 2065 7870 6f72 740a .17.4.27 export.\n+00032430: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00032440: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 7870 -- Command: exp\n+00032450: 6f72 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 2020 2020 ort envvar. \n+00032460: 4578 706f 7274 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 Export the envir\n+00032470: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n+00032480: 454e 5656 4152 2e20 2045 7870 6f72 7465 ENVVAR. Exporte\n+00032490: 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6172 650a d variables are.\n+000324a0: 2020 2020 2076 6973 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 visible to \n+000324b0: 7375 6273 6964 6961 7279 2063 6f6e 6669 subsidiary confi\n+000324c0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 206c guration files l\n+000324d0: 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 oaded using. \n+000324e0: 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 ...configfile..\n+000324f0: 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ......File: grub\n+00032500: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 .info, Node: fa\n+00032510: 6c73 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6677 7365 lse, Next: fwse\n+00032520: 7475 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6578 706f tup, Prev: expo\n+00032530: 7274 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 rt, Up: Command\n+00032540: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00032550: 3137 2e34 2e32 3820 6661 6c73 650a 2d2d 17.4.28 false.--\n+00032560: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00032570: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6661 6c73 650a Command: false.\n+00032580: 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c Do nothing,\n+00032590: 2075 6e73 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e unsuccessfully.\n+000325a0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 This is mainly\n+000325b0: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e 7472 useful in contr\n+000325c0: 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 ol. construc\n+000325d0: 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 6966 ts such as ...if\n+000325e0: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9877 6869 6c65 ... and ...while\n+000325f0: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c ... (*note Shell\n+00032600: 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a -like scripting:\n+00032610: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n+00032620: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2066 b.info, Node: f\n+00032630: 7773 6574 7570 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 wsetup, Next: g\n+00032640: 6462 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2066 dbinfo, Prev: f\n+00032650: 616c 7365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 alse, Up: Comma\n+00032660: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00032670: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3920 6677 7365 7475 ..17.4.29 fwsetu\n+00032680: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p.--------------\n+00032690: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+000326a0: 6677 7365 7475 7020 5b2d 2d69 732d 7375 fwsetup [--is-su\n+000326b0: 7070 6f72 7465 645d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 pported]. Re\n+000326c0: 626f 6f74 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6669 boot into the fi\n+000326d0: 726d 7761 7265 2073 6574 7570 206d 656e rmware setup men\n+000326e0: 752e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 2d2d 6973 2d73 u. If ...--is-s\n+000326f0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 upported... opti\n+00032700: 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 on is. speci\n+00032710: 6669 6564 2c20 696e 7374 6561 6420 6368 fied, instead ch\n+00032720: 6563 6b20 7768 6574 6865 7220 7468 6520 eck whether the \n+00032730: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 firmware support\n+00032740: 7320 6120 7365 7475 7020 6d65 6e75 0a20 s a setup menu. \n+00032750: 2020 2020 616e 6420 6578 6974 2073 7563 and exit suc\n+00032760: 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 2073 6f2e cessfully if so.\n+00032770: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00032780: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6764 6269 nfo, Node: gdbi\n+00032790: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6765 7474 nfo, Next: gett\n+000327a0: 6578 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6677 7365 ext, Prev: fwse\n+000327b0: 7475 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e tup, Up: Comman\n+000327c0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+000327d0: 0a31 372e 342e 3330 2067 6462 696e 666f .17.4.30 gdbinfo\n+000327e0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+000327f0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 .. -- Command: g\n+00032800: 6462 696e 666f 0a20 2020 2020 4f75 7470 dbinfo. Outp\n+00032810: 7574 2074 6578 7420 746f 2062 6520 7573 ut text to be us\n+00032820: 6564 2061 7320 6120 4744 4220 636f 6d6d ed as a GDB comm\n+00032830: 616e 6420 666f 7220 6120 4744 4220 7365 and for a GDB se\n+00032840: 7373 696f 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a ssion using the.\n+00032850: 2020 2020 2067 6462 5f67 7275 6220 7363 gdb_grub sc\n+00032860: 7269 7074 2061 6e64 2061 7474 6163 6865 ript and attache\n+00032870: 6420 746f 2061 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2047 d to a running G\n+00032880: 5255 4220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2e20 2054 RUB instance. T\n+00032890: 6865 2047 4442 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d he GDB. comm\n+000328a0: 616e 6420 7468 6174 2069 7320 6f75 7470 and that is outp\n+000328b0: 7574 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 2047 4442 ut will tell GDB\n+000328c0: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2064 6562 how to load deb\n+000328d0: 7567 6769 6e67 2073 796d 626f 6c73 0a20 ugging symbols. \n+000328e0: 2020 2020 746f 2074 6865 6972 2070 726f to their pro\n+000328f0: 7065 7220 7275 6e74 696d 6520 6164 6472 per runtime addr\n+00032900: 6573 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 ess. Currently \n+00032910: 7468 6973 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 this is only ava\n+00032920: 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7220 ilable. for \n+00032930: 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 2020 EFI platforms. \n+00032940: 5365 6520 7468 6520 4465 6275 6767 696e See the Debuggin\n+00032950: 6720 696e 2074 6865 2064 6576 656c 6f70 g in the develop\n+00032960: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 er. document\n+00032970: 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 ation for more i\n+00032980: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nformation.....F\n+00032990: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000329a0: 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6574 7465 7874 2c20 Node: gettext, \n+000329b0: 204e 6578 743a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 Next: gptsync, \n+000329c0: 2050 7265 763a 2067 6462 696e 666f 2c20 Prev: gdbinfo, \n+000329d0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+000329e0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+000329f0: 2e33 3120 6765 7474 6578 740a 2d2d 2d2d .31 gettext.----\n+00032a00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00032a10: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6765 7474 6578 Command: gettex\n+00032a20: 7420 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5472 t string. Tr\n+00032a30: 616e 736c 6174 6520 5354 5249 4e47 2069 anslate STRING i\n+00032a40: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 nto the current \n+00032a50: 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 language... \n+00032a60: 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6c61 6e67 The current lang\n+00032a70: 7561 6765 2063 6f64 6520 6973 2073 746f uage code is sto\n+00032a80: 7265 6420 696e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6c61 red in the ...la\n+00032a90: 6e67 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 ng... variable i\n+00032aa0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4227 7320 656e n. GRUB's en\n+00032ab0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 vironment (*note\n+00032ac0: 206c 616e 673a 3a29 2e20 2054 7261 6e73 lang::). Trans\n+00032ad0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 lation files in \n+00032ae0: 4d4f 2066 6f72 6d61 740a 2020 2020 2061 MO format. a\n+00032af0: 7265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 re read from ...\n+00032b00: 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 e280 9920 282a locale_dir... (*\n+00032b10: 6e6f 7465 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 723a note locale_dir:\n+00032b20: 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 :), usually. \n+00032b30: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6c .../boot/grub/l\n+00032b40: 6f63 616c 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ocale........Fil\n+00032b50: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00032b60: 6f64 653a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 204e ode: gptsync, N\n+00032b70: 6578 743a 2068 616c 742c 2020 5072 6576 ext: halt, Prev\n+00032b80: 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 5570 3a20 : gettext, Up: \n+00032b90: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00032ba0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3332 2067 mands..17.4.32 g\n+00032bb0: 7074 7379 6e63 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ptsync.---------\n+00032bc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00032bd0: 616e 643a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2064 6576 and: gptsync dev\n+00032be0: 6963 6520 5b70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 5b2b ice [partition[+\n+00032bf0: 2f2d 5b74 7970 655d 5d5d 202e 2e2e 0a20 /-[type]]] .... \n+00032c00: 2020 2020 4469 736b 7320 7573 696e 6720 Disks using \n+00032c10: 7468 6520 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 the GUID Partiti\n+00032c20: 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2061 on Table (GPT) a\n+00032c30: 6c73 6f20 6861 7665 2061 206c 6567 6163 lso have a legac\n+00032c40: 790a 2020 2020 204d 6173 7465 7220 426f y. Master Bo\n+00032c50: 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 2920 ot Record (MBR) \n+00032c60: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 partition table \n+00032c70: 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 for compatibilit\n+00032c80: 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 y with the. \n+00032c90: 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2077 6974 6820 6f6c BIOS and with ol\n+00032ca0: 6465 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 der operating sy\n+00032cb0: 7374 656d 732e 2020 5468 6520 6c65 6761 stems. The lega\n+00032cc0: 6379 204d 4252 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 790a cy MBR can only.\n+00032cd0: 2020 2020 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 2061 represent a\n+00032ce0: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2073 7562 7365 7420 limited subset \n+00032cf0: 6f66 2047 5054 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e of GPT partition\n+00032d00: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 entries... \n+00032d10: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2070 6f70 This command pop\n+00032d20: 756c 6174 6573 2074 6865 206c 6567 6163 ulates the legac\n+00032d30: 7920 4d42 5220 7769 7468 2074 6865 2073 y MBR with the s\n+00032d40: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2050 4152 5449 5449 pecified PARTITI\n+00032d50: 4f4e 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 6965 7320 ON. entries \n+00032d60: 6f6e 2044 4556 4943 452e 2020 5570 2074 on DEVICE. Up t\n+00032d70: 6f20 7468 7265 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f o three partitio\n+00032d80: 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2e0a ns may be used..\n+00032d90: 0a20 2020 2020 5459 5045 2069 7320 616e . TYPE is an\n+00032da0: 204d 4252 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 MBR partition t\n+00032db0: 7970 6520 636f 6465 3b20 7072 6566 6978 ype code; prefix\n+00032dc0: 2077 6974 6820 e280 9830 78e2 8099 2069 with ...0x... i\n+00032dd0: 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f0a 2020 f you want to. \n+00032de0: 2020 2065 6e74 6572 2074 6869 7320 696e enter this in\n+00032df0: 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2e20 2054 hexadecimal. T\n+00032e00: 6865 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2062 6574 he separator bet\n+00032e10: 7765 656e 2050 4152 5449 5449 4f4e 2061 ween PARTITION a\n+00032e20: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 5459 5045 206d 6179 nd. TYPE may\n+00032e30: 2062 6520 e280 982b e280 9920 746f 206d be ...+... to m\n+00032e40: 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f ake the partitio\n+00032e50: 6e20 6163 7469 7665 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 n active, or ...\n+00032e60: 2de2 8099 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 740a -... to make it.\n+00032e70: 2020 2020 2069 6e61 6374 6976 653b 206f inactive; o\n+00032e80: 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f nly one partitio\n+00032e90: 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2061 6374 6976 652e n may be active.\n+00032ea0: 2020 4966 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 7365 If both the se\n+00032eb0: 7061 7261 746f 720a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 parator. and\n+00032ec0: 2074 7970 6520 6172 6520 6f6d 6974 7465 type are omitte\n+00032ed0: 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7274 d, then the part\n+00032ee0: 6974 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696e ition will be in\n+00032ef0: 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a active.....File:\n+00032f00: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00032f10: 653a 2068 616c 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: halt, Next: \n+00032f20: 6861 7368 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 hashsum, Prev: \n+00032f30: 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 5570 3a20 436f gptsync, Up: Co\n+00032f40: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00032f50: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3333 2068 616c nds..17.4.33 hal\n+00032f60: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a t.------------..\n+00032f70: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 616c -- Command: hal\n+00032f80: 7420 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 6170 6d5d 0a20 2020 t [--no-apm]. \n+00032f90: 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6861 The command ha\n+00032fa0: 6c74 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 lts the computer\n+00032fb0: 2e20 204f 6e20 7468 6520 6933 3836 2d70 . On the i386-p\n+00032fc0: 6320 7461 7267 6574 2c20 7468 650a 2020 c target, the. \n+00032fd0: 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 706d e280 ...--no-apm..\n+00032fe0: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 2073 686f . option, or sho\n+00032ff0: 7274 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 992c 2069 7320 rt ...-n..., is \n+00033000: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 206e 6f20 4150 specified, no AP\n+00033010: 4d20 4249 4f53 2063 616c 6c20 6973 0a20 M BIOS call is. \n+00033020: 2020 2020 7065 7266 6f72 6d65 642e 2020 performed. \n+00033030: 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 2063 Otherwise, the c\n+00033040: 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 6973 2073 6875 7420 omputer is shut \n+00033050: 646f 776e 2075 7369 6e67 2041 504d 206f down using APM o\n+00033060: 6e20 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7461 7267 n that. targ\n+00033070: 6574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 et.....File: gru\n+00033080: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 b.info, Node: h\n+00033090: 6173 6873 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 ashsum, Next: h\n+000330a0: 656c 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6861 6c74 elp, Prev: halt\n+000330b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+000330c0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+000330d0: 2e34 2e33 3420 6861 7368 7375 6d0a 2d2d .4.34 hashsum.--\n+000330e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+000330f0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6861 7368 -- Command: hash\n+00033100: 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2068 6173 6820 sum --hash hash \n+00033110: 2d2d 6b65 6570 2d67 6f69 6e67 202d 2d75 --keep-going --u\n+00033120: 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 2d2d 6368 6563 ncompress --chec\n+00033130: 6b20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 k file. \n+00033140: 205b 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 2064 6972 5d7c [--prefix dir]|\n+00033150: 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 436f file .... Co\n+00033160: 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2076 6572 6966 7920 mpute or verify \n+00033170: 6669 6c65 2068 6173 6865 732e 2020 4861 file hashes. Ha\n+00033180: 7368 2074 7970 6520 6973 2073 656c 6563 sh type is selec\n+00033190: 7465 6420 7769 7468 206f 7074 696f 6e0a ted with option.\n+000331a0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6861 7368 e280 ...--hash..\n+000331b0: 992e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6861 .. Supported ha\n+000331c0: 7368 6573 2061 7265 3a20 e280 9861 646c shes are: ...adl\n+000331d0: 6572 3332 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6372 6336 er32..., ...crc6\n+000331e0: 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 7263 3332 e280 4..., ...crc32..\n+000331f0: 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 7263 3332 .,. ...crc32\n+00033200: 7266 6331 3531 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 rfc1510..., ...c\n+00033210: 7263 3234 7266 6332 3434 30e2 8099 2c20 rc24rfc2440..., \n+00033220: e280 986d 6434 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6d64 ...md4..., ...md\n+00033230: 35e2 8099 2c20 e280 9872 6970 656d 6431 5..., ...ripemd1\n+00033240: 3630 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7368 6131 e280 60..., ...sha1..\n+00033250: 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 6861 3232 .,. ...sha22\n+00033260: 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3235 36e2 4..., ...sha256.\n+00033270: 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3531 32e2 8099 .., ...sha512...\n+00033280: 2c20 e280 9873 6861 3338 34e2 8099 2c20 , ...sha384..., \n+00033290: e280 9874 6967 6572 3139 32e2 8099 2c20 ...tiger192..., \n+000332a0: e280 9874 6967 6572 e280 992c 0a20 2020 ...tiger...,. \n+000332b0: 2020 e280 9874 6967 6572 32e2 8099 2c20 ...tiger2..., \n+000332c0: e280 9877 6869 726c 706f 6f6c e280 992e ...whirlpool....\n+000332d0: 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e Option ...--un\n+000332e0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 e280 9920 756e 636f compress... unco\n+000332f0: 6d70 7265 7373 6573 2066 696c 6573 0a20 mpresses files. \n+00033300: 2020 2020 6265 666f 7265 2063 6f6d 7075 before compu\n+00033310: 7469 6e67 2068 6173 682e 0a0a 2020 2020 ting hash... \n+00033320: 2057 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6669 When list of fi\n+00033330: 6c65 7320 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6861 les is given, ha\n+00033340: 7368 206f 6620 6561 6368 2066 696c 6520 sh of each file \n+00033350: 6973 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 6420 616e 640a is computed and.\n+00033360: 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2c20 666f printed, fo\n+00033370: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6669 6c65 206e llowed by file n\n+00033380: 616d 652c 2065 6163 6820 6669 6c65 206f ame, each file o\n+00033390: 6e20 6120 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a20 n a new line... \n+000333a0: 2020 2020 5768 656e 206f 7074 696f 6e20 When option \n+000333b0: e280 982d 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 6973 ...--check... is\n+000333c0: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 2070 6f69 6e74 given, it point\n+000333d0: 7320 746f 2061 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 s to a file that\n+000333e0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 730a 2020 2020 206c contains. l\n+000333f0: 6973 7420 6f66 2048 4153 4820 4e41 4d45 ist of HASH NAME\n+00033400: 2070 6169 7273 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 pairs in the sa\n+00033410: 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 6173 2075 7365 me format as use\n+00033420: 6420 6279 2055 4e49 5820 e280 986d 6435 d by UNIX ...md5\n+00033430: 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d sum.... comm\n+00033440: 616e 642e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 and. Option ...\n+00033450: 2d2d 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 6d61 7920 --prefix... may \n+00033460: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 6976 6520 be used to give \n+00033470: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 650a directory where.\n+00033480: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 206c files are l\n+00033490: 6f63 6174 6564 2e20 2048 6173 6820 7665 ocated. Hash ve\n+000334a0: 7269 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 746f 7073 rification stops\n+000334b0: 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 after the first\n+000334c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d69 736d 6174 6368 2077 . mismatch w\n+000334d0: 6173 2066 6f75 6e64 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 as found unless \n+000334e0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6b65 6570 option ...--keep\n+000334f0: 2d67 6f69 6e67 e280 9920 7761 7320 6769 -going... was gi\n+00033500: 7665 6e2e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2065 ven. The. e\n+00033510: 7869 7420 636f 6465 20e2 8098 243f e280 xit code ...$?..\n+00033520: 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 . is set to 0 if\n+00033530: 2068 6173 6820 7665 7269 6669 6361 7469 hash verificati\n+00033540: 6f6e 2069 7320 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c on is successful\n+00033550: 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 2069 7420 6661 . If. it fa\n+00033560: 696c 732c 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 ils, ...$?... is\n+00033570: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e7a 6572 set to a nonzer\n+00033580: 6f20 7661 6c75 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 o value.....File\n+00033590: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000335a0: 6465 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: help, Next:\n+000335b0: 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 763a hexdump, Prev:\n+000335c0: 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 hashsum, Up: C\n+000335d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+000335e0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3520 6865 ands..17.4.35 he\n+000335f0: 6c70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a lp.------------.\n+00033600: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6865 . -- Command: he\n+00033610: 6c70 205b 7061 7474 6572 6e20 2e2e 2e5d lp [pattern ...]\n+00033620: 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 6865 . Display he\n+00033630: 6c70 6675 6c20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f lpful informatio\n+00033640: 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 6275 696c 7469 6e20 n about builtin \n+00033650: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 2049 6620 796f commands. If yo\n+00033660: 7520 646f 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7370 u do not. sp\n+00033670: 6563 6966 7920 5041 5454 4552 4e2c 2074 ecify PATTERN, t\n+00033680: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7368 6f77 his command show\n+00033690: 7320 7368 6f72 7420 6465 7363 7269 7074 s short descript\n+000336a0: 696f 6e73 206f 6620 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 ions of all. \n+000336b0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 available comma\n+000336c0: 6e64 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f nds... If yo\n+000336d0: 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 616e 7920 5041 u specify any PA\n+000336e0: 5454 4552 4e53 2c20 6974 2064 6973 706c TTERNS, it displ\n+000336f0: 6179 7320 6c6f 6e67 6572 2069 6e66 6f72 ays longer infor\n+00033700: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 0a20 2020 mation about. \n+00033710: 2020 6561 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f each of the co\n+00033720: 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 686f 7365 206e 616d mmands whose nam\n+00033730: 6573 2062 6567 696e 2077 6974 6820 7468 es begin with th\n+00033740: 6f73 6520 5041 5454 4552 4e53 2e0a 0a1f ose PATTERNS....\n+00033750: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00033760: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 , Node: hexdump\n+00033770: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c , Next: insmod,\n+00033780: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 2055 Prev: help, U\n+00033790: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+000337a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 commands..17.4.3\n+000337b0: 3620 6865 7864 756d 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6 hexdump.------\n+000337c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+000337d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6865 7864 756d 7020 ommand: hexdump \n+000337e0: 5b2d 2d73 6b69 7020 6f66 6673 6574 5d20 [--skip offset] \n+000337f0: 5b2d 2d6c 656e 6774 6820 6c65 6e5d 2046 [--length len] F\n+00033800: 494c 455f 4f52 5f44 4556 4943 450a 2020 ILE_OR_DEVICE. \n+00033810: 2020 2053 686f 7720 7261 7720 636f 6e74 Show raw cont\n+00033820: 656e 7473 206f 6620 6120 6669 6c65 206f ents of a file o\n+00033830: 7220 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 r memory. When \n+00033840: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 option ...--skip\n+00033850: e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7665 ... is. give\n+00033860: 6e2c 20e2 8098 6f66 6673 6574 e280 9920 n, ...offset... \n+00033870: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6279 7465 7320 number of bytes \n+00033880: 6172 6520 736b 6970 7065 6420 6672 6f6d are skipped from\n+00033890: 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 the start of th\n+000338a0: 650a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 6520 6f72 e. device or\n+000338b0: 2066 696c 6520 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 416e file given. An\n+000338c0: 6420 e280 982d 2d6c 656e 6774 68e2 8099 d ...--length...\n+000338d0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7370 6563 6966 7969 allows specifyi\n+000338e0: 6e67 2061 206d 6178 696d 756d 0a20 2020 ng a maximum. \n+000338f0: 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6279 7465 number of byte\n+00033900: 7320 746f 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e2e 0a0a s to be shown...\n+00033910: 2020 2020 2049 6620 6769 7665 6e20 7468 If given th\n+00033920: 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6465 7669 6365 e special device\n+00033930: 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 286d 656d 29e2 named ...(mem).\n+00033940: 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 .., then the ...\n+00033950: 6f66 6673 6574 e280 9920 6769 7665 6e0a offset... given.\n+00033960: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 to ...--ski\n+00033970: 70e2 8099 2069 7320 7472 6561 7465 6420 p... is treated \n+00033980: 6173 2074 6865 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f as the address o\n+00033990: 6620 6120 6d65 6d6f 7279 206c 6f63 6174 f a memory locat\n+000339a0: 696f 6e20 746f 2064 756d 700a 2020 2020 ion to dump. \n+000339b0: 2066 726f 6d2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 from.....File: \n+000339c0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000339d0: 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 204e 6578 743a : insmod, Next:\n+000339e0: 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 2c20 2050 7265 keystatus, Pre\n+000339f0: 763a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 2c20 2055 703a v: hexdump, Up:\n+00033a00: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00033a10: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3720 mmands..17.4.37 \n+00033a20: 696e 736d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d insmod.---------\n+00033a30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00033a40: 6e64 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 206d 6f64 756c nd: insmod modul\n+00033a50: 650a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 7420 7468 e. Insert th\n+00033a60: 6520 6479 6e61 6d69 6320 4752 5542 206d e dynamic GRUB m\n+00033a70: 6f64 756c 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 204d 4f44 odule called MOD\n+00033a80: 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ULE.....File: gr\n+00033a90: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00033aa0: 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c 2020 4e65 7874 keystatus, Next\n+00033ab0: 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 : list_env, Pre\n+00033ac0: 763a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 3a20 v: insmod, Up: \n+00033ad0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00033ae0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3338 206b mands..17.4.38 k\n+00033af0: 6579 7374 6174 7573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eystatus.-------\n+00033b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00033b10: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206b 6579 7374 6174 Command: keystat\n+00033b20: 7573 205b 2d2d 7368 6966 745d 205b 2d2d us [--shift] [--\n+00033b30: 6374 726c 5d20 5b2d 2d61 6c74 5d0a 2020 ctrl] [--alt]. \n+00033b40: 2020 2052 6574 7572 6e20 7472 7565 2069 Return true i\n+00033b50: 6620 7468 6520 5368 6966 742c 2043 6f6e f the Shift, Con\n+00033b60: 7472 6f6c 2c20 6f72 2041 6c74 206d 6f64 trol, or Alt mod\n+00033b70: 6966 6965 7220 6b65 7973 2061 7265 2068 ifier keys are h\n+00033b80: 656c 640a 2020 2020 2064 6f77 6e2c 2061 eld. down, a\n+00033b90: 7320 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 6279 206f s requested by o\n+00033ba0: 7074 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 ptions. This is\n+00033bb0: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2073 6372 6970 useful in scrip\n+00033bc0: 7469 6e67 2c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 616c ting, to. al\n+00033bd0: 6c6f 7720 736f 6d65 2075 7365 7220 636f low some user co\n+00033be0: 6e74 726f 6c20 6f76 6572 2062 6568 6176 ntrol over behav\n+00033bf0: 696f 7572 2077 6974 686f 7574 2068 6176 iour without hav\n+00033c00: 696e 6720 746f 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 ing to wait for \n+00033c10: 610a 2020 2020 206b 6579 7072 6573 732e a. keypress.\n+00033c20: 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 696e 6720 .. Checking \n+00033c30: 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 2073 7461 key modifier sta\n+00033c40: 7475 7320 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 tus is only supp\n+00033c50: 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 706c orted on some pl\n+00033c60: 6174 666f 726d 732e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 atforms.. If\n+00033c70: 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 686f 7574 invoked without\n+00033c80: 2061 6e79 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 any options, th\n+00033c90: 6520 e280 986b 6579 7374 6174 7573 e280 e ...keystatus..\n+00033ca0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7265 7475 726e . command return\n+00033cb0: 730a 2020 2020 2074 7275 6520 6966 2061 s. true if a\n+00033cc0: 6e64 206f 6e6c 7920 6966 2063 6865 636b nd only if check\n+00033cd0: 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 ing key modifier\n+00033ce0: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2073 7570 706f status is suppo\n+00033cf0: 7274 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rted.....File: g\n+00033d00: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00033d10: 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 7874 list_env, Next\n+00033d20: 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2c20 : list_trusted, \n+00033d30: 2050 7265 763a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 Prev: keystatus\n+00033d40: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00033d50: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+00033d60: 2e34 2e33 3920 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 0a2d .4.39 list_env.-\n+00033d70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00033d80: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 . -- Command: li\n+00033d90: 7374 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 st_env [--file f\n+00033da0: 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 ile]. List a\n+00033db0: 6c6c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2069 6e20 ll variables in \n+00033dc0: 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 the environment \n+00033dd0: 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f block file. *No\n+00033de0: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 456e 7669 726f 6e6d te. Environm\n+00033df0: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 ent block::... \n+00033e00: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 The ...--file\n+00033e10: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 ... option overr\n+00033e20: 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ides the default\n+00033e30: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 location of the\n+00033e40: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e . environmen\n+00033e50: 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 t block.....File\n+00033e60: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00033e70: 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 de: list_trusted\n+00033e80: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f61 645f 656e , Next: load_en\n+00033e90: 762c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 v, Prev: list_e\n+00033ea0: 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nv, Up: Command\n+00033eb0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00033ec0: 3137 2e34 2e34 3020 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 17.4.40 list_tru\n+00033ed0: 7374 6564 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sted.-----------\n+00033ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00033ef0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 ommand: list_tru\n+00033f00: 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 sted. List a\n+00033f10: 6c6c 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 2074 ll public keys t\n+00033f20: 7275 7374 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2066 rusted by GRUB f\n+00033f30: 6f72 2076 616c 6964 6174 696e 6720 7369 or validating si\n+00033f40: 676e 6174 7572 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 gnatures.. T\n+00033f50: 6865 206f 7574 7075 7420 6973 2069 6e20 he output is in \n+00033f60: 4750 4727 7320 7634 206b 6579 2066 696e GPG's v4 key fin\n+00033f70: 6765 7270 7269 6e74 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 gerprint format \n+00033f80: 2869 2e65 2e2c 2074 6865 206f 7574 7075 (i.e., the outpu\n+00033f90: 740a 2020 2020 206f 6620 e280 9867 7067 t. of ...gpg\n+00033fa0: 202d 2d66 696e 6765 7270 7269 6e74 e280 --fingerprint..\n+00033fb0: 9929 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6561 7374 2073 .). The least s\n+00033fc0: 6967 6e69 6669 6361 6e74 2066 6f75 7220 ignificant four \n+00033fd0: 6279 7465 7320 286c 6173 740a 2020 2020 bytes (last. \n+00033fe0: 2065 6967 6874 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d eight hexadecim\n+00033ff0: 616c 2064 6967 6974 7329 2063 616e 2062 al digits) can b\n+00034000: 6520 7573 6564 2061 7320 616e 2061 7267 e used as an arg\n+00034010: 756d 656e 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6469 7374 ument to ...dist\n+00034020: 7275 7374 e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e rust.... (*n\n+00034030: 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 292e ote distrust::).\n+00034040: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 *Note Using di\n+00034050: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 gital signatures\n+00034060: 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 ::, for more. \n+00034070: 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 information ab\n+00034080: 6f75 7420 7573 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 out uses for the\n+00034090: 7365 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 se keys.....File\n+000340a0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000340b0: 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e de: load_env, N\n+000340c0: 6578 743a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c 2020 ext: loadfont, \n+000340d0: 5072 6576 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 Prev: list_trust\n+000340e0: 6564 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ed, Up: Command\n+000340f0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00034100: 3137 2e34 2e34 3120 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 17.4.41 load_env\n+00034110: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00034120: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00034130: 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 load_env [--file\n+00034140: 2066 696c 655d 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 file] [--skip-s\n+00034150: 6967 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b77 ig]. [w\n+00034160: 6869 7465 6c69 7374 6564 5f76 6172 6961 hitelisted_varia\n+00034170: 626c 655f 6e61 6d65 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 ble_name] .... \n+00034180: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 616c 6c20 7661 7269 Load all vari\n+00034190: 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 ables from the e\n+000341a0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+000341b0: 2066 696c 6520 696e 746f 2074 6865 0a20 file into the. \n+000341c0: 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742e environment.\n+000341d0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d *Note Environm\n+000341e0: 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 ent block::... \n+000341f0: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 The ...--file\n+00034200: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 ... option overr\n+00034210: 6964 6573 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ides the default\n+00034220: 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 location of the\n+00034230: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e . environmen\n+00034240: 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 t block... T\n+00034250: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 he ...--skip-sig\n+00034260: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 6b69 7073 ... option skips\n+00034270: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2063 6865 636b signature check\n+00034280: 696e 6720 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 7468 ing even when th\n+00034290: 650a 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 e. value of \n+000342a0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+000342b0: 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 able ...check_si\n+000342c0: 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 gnatures... is s\n+000342d0: 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656e et to. ...en\n+000342e0: 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 force... (*note \n+000342f0: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+00034300: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6f6e ::)... If on\n+00034310: 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 7661 7269 6162 e or more variab\n+00034320: 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2061 7265 2070 726f le names are pro\n+00034330: 7669 6465 6420 6173 2061 7267 756d 656e vided as argumen\n+00034340: 7473 2c20 7468 6579 2061 7265 0a20 2020 ts, they are. \n+00034350: 2020 696e 7465 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 interpreted as\n+00034360: 2061 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 206f 6620 a whitelist of \n+00034370: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 746f 206c 6f61 variables to loa\n+00034380: 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 d from the. \n+00034390: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n+000343a0: 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 2056 6172 6961 626c k file. Variabl\n+000343b0: 6573 2073 6574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6669 es set in the fi\n+000343c0: 6c65 2062 7574 206e 6f74 2070 7265 7365 le but not prese\n+000343d0: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 2077 nt. in the w\n+000343e0: 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2061 7265 2069 676e hitelist are ign\n+000343f0: 6f72 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ored... The \n+00034400: e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 ...--skip-sig...\n+00034410: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 option should b\n+00034420: 6520 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 6361 7265 e used with care\n+00034430: 2c20 616e 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 2061 6c77 , and should alw\n+00034440: 6179 730a 2020 2020 2062 6520 7573 6564 ays. be used\n+00034450: 2069 6e20 636f 6e63 6572 7420 7769 7468 in concert with\n+00034460: 2061 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 206f 6620 a whitelist of \n+00034470: 6163 6365 7074 6162 6c65 2076 6172 6961 acceptable varia\n+00034480: 626c 6573 2077 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 bles whose. \n+00034490: 7661 6c75 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 values should be\n+000344a0: 2073 6574 2e20 2046 6169 6c75 7265 2074 set. Failure t\n+000344b0: 6f20 656d 706c 6f79 2061 2063 6172 6566 o employ a caref\n+000344c0: 756c 6c79 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 6564 ully constructed\n+000344d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 . whitelist \n+000344e0: 636f 756c 6420 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 could result in \n+000344f0: 7265 6164 696e 6720 6120 6d61 6c69 6369 reading a malici\n+00034500: 6f75 7320 7661 6c75 6520 696e 746f 2063 ous value into c\n+00034510: 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 ritical. env\n+00034520: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00034530: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 es from the file\n+00034540: 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 7365 7474 696e , such as settin\n+00034550: 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f g. ...check_\n+00034560: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3d6e 6fe2 8099 signatures=no...\n+00034570: 2c20 6d6f 6469 6679 696e 6720 e280 9870 , modifying ...p\n+00034580: 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 refix... to boot\n+00034590: 2066 726f 6d20 616e 0a20 2020 2020 756e from an. un\n+000345a0: 6578 7065 6374 6564 206c 6f63 6174 696f expected locatio\n+000345b0: 6e20 6f72 206e 6f74 2061 7420 616c 6c2c n or not at all,\n+000345c0: 2065 7463 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e etc... When\n+000345d0: 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 2063 6172 652c used with care,\n+000345e0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 ...--skip-sig..\n+000345f0: 9920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7768 6974 656c . and the whitel\n+00034600: 6973 7420 656e 6162 6c65 2061 6e0a 2020 ist enable an. \n+00034610: 2020 2061 646d 696e 6973 7472 6174 6f72 administrator\n+00034620: 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 6120 to configure a \n+00034630: 7379 7374 656d 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 206f system to boot o\n+00034640: 6e6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 0a20 2020 2020 nly signed. \n+00034650: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 configurations, \n+00034660: 6275 7420 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 but to allow the\n+00034670: 2075 7365 7220 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 user to select \n+00034680: 6672 6f6d 2061 6d6f 6e67 206d 756c 7469 from among multi\n+00034690: 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ple. configu\n+000346a0: 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 rations, and to \n+000346b0: 656e 6162 6c65 2022 6f6e 652d 7368 6f74 enable \"one-shot\n+000346c0: 2220 626f 6f74 2061 7474 656d 7074 7320 \" boot attempts \n+000346d0: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2022 7361 7665 6465 and. \"savede\n+000346e0: 6661 756c 7422 2062 6568 6176 696f 722e fault\" behavior.\n+000346f0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 *Note Using di\n+00034700: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 gital signatures\n+00034710: 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 ::, for more. \n+00034720: 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a information...\n+00034730: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00034740: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f o, Node: loadfo\n+00034750: 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f6f 7062 nt, Next: loopb\n+00034760: 6163 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6164 ack, Prev: load\n+00034770: 5f65 6e76 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 _env, Up: Comma\n+00034780: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00034790: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3220 6c6f 6164 666f ..17.4.42 loadfo\n+000347a0: 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nt.-------------\n+000347b0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+000347c0: 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2066 696c 6520 : loadfont file \n+000347d0: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7370 .... Load sp\n+000347e0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 666f 6e74 2066 696c ecified font fil\n+000347f0: 6573 2e20 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 6162 736f es. Unless abso\n+00034800: 6c75 7465 2070 6174 686e 616d 6520 6973 lute pathname is\n+00034810: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 given, FILE. \n+00034820: 2020 6973 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 is assumed to \n+00034830: 6265 2069 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 be in directory \n+00034840: e280 9824 7072 6566 6978 2f66 6f6e 7473 ...$prefix/fonts\n+00034850: e280 9920 7769 7468 2073 7566 6669 7820 ... with suffix \n+00034860: e280 982e 7066 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ....pf2.... \n+00034870: 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 appended. *Note\n+00034880: 2046 6f6e 7473 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 Fonts: Theme fi\n+00034890: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 le format.....Fi\n+000348a0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000348b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2c20 Node: loopback, \n+000348c0: 204e 6578 743a 206c 732c 2020 5072 6576 Next: ls, Prev\n+000348d0: 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 2055 703a : loadfont, Up:\n+000348e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+000348f0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3320 mmands..17.4.43 \n+00034900: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d loopback.-------\n+00034910: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00034920: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b ommand: loopback\n+00034930: 205b 2d64 5d20 5b2d 445d 2064 6576 6963 [-d] [-D] devic\n+00034940: 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 e file. Make\n+00034950: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 the device name\n+00034960: 6420 4445 5649 4345 2063 6f72 7265 7370 d DEVICE corresp\n+00034970: 6f6e 6420 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 ond to the conte\n+00034980: 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 nts of the. \n+00034990: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 filesystem image\n+000349a0: 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 in FILE. For e\n+000349b0: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 xample:.. \n+000349c0: 2020 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6c6f 6f70 loopback loop\n+000349d0: 3020 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f69 6d61 6765 0 /path/to/image\n+000349e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 7320 286c . ls (l\n+000349f0: 6f6f 7030 292f 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 7065 oop0)/.. Spe\n+00034a00: 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d cifying the ...-\n+00034a10: 44e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 616c 6c6f D... option allo\n+00034a20: 7773 2074 6865 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 ws the loopback \n+00034a30: 6669 6c65 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 file to be. \n+00034a40: 7472 616e 7061 7265 6e74 6c79 2064 6563 tranparently dec\n+00034a50: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6420 6966 2074 6865 ompressed if the\n+00034a60: 7265 2069 7320 616e 2061 7070 726f 7072 re is an appropr\n+00034a70: 6961 7465 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 736f iate decompresso\n+00034a80: 720a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a r. loaded...\n+00034a90: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 With the ..\n+00034aa0: 982d 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2064 .-d... option, d\n+00034ab0: 656c 6574 6520 6120 6465 7669 6365 2070 elete a device p\n+00034ac0: 7265 7669 6f75 736c 7920 6372 6561 7465 reviously create\n+00034ad0: 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 0a20 2020 d using this. \n+00034ae0: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 command.....Fi\n+00034af0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00034b00: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a Node: ls, Next:\n+00034b10: 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 2050 7265 763a lsfonts, Prev:\n+00034b20: 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 loopback, Up: \n+00034b30: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00034b40: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3434 206c mands..17.4.44 l\n+00034b50: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d s.----------.. -\n+00034b60: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 7320 5b61 - Command: ls [a\n+00034b70: 7267 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 rg ...]. Lis\n+00034b80: 7420 6465 7669 6365 7320 6f72 2066 696c t devices or fil\n+00034b90: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e es... With n\n+00034ba0: 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2070 7269 o arguments, pri\n+00034bb0: 6e74 2061 6c6c 2064 6576 6963 6573 206b nt all devices k\n+00034bc0: 6e6f 776e 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 nown to GRUB... \n+00034bd0: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d If the argum\n+00034be0: 656e 7420 6973 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 ent is a device \n+00034bf0: 6e61 6d65 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 696e name enclosed in\n+00034c00: 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 2028 2a6e parentheses (*n\n+00034c10: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2044 6576 6963 6520 ote. Device \n+00034c20: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 6e20 syntax::), then \n+00034c30: 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f print the name o\n+00034c40: 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d f the filesystem\n+00034c50: 206f 6620 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6465 of that. de\n+00034c60: 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 vice... If t\n+00034c70: 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 he argument is a\n+00034c80: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2067 6976 656e directory given\n+00034c90: 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 as an absolute \n+00034ca0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 2028 file name. (\n+00034cb0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 *note File name \n+00034cc0: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 6e20 syntax::), then \n+00034cd0: 6c69 7374 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 list the content\n+00034ce0: 7320 6f66 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2064 s of that. d\n+00034cf0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c irectory.....Fil\n+00034d00: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00034d10: 6f64 653a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 2c20 204e ode: lsfonts, N\n+00034d20: 6578 743a 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 ext: lsmod, Pre\n+00034d30: 763a 206c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d v: ls, Up: Comm\n+00034d40: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00034d50: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3435 206c 7366 6f6e s..17.4.45 lsfon\n+00034d60: 7473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ts.-------------\n+00034d70: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00034d80: 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 lsfonts. Li\n+00034d90: 7374 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 732e st loaded fonts.\n+00034da0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00034db0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 6d6f nfo, Node: lsmo\n+00034dc0: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d64 3573 756d d, Next: md5sum\n+00034dd0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 , Prev: lsfonts\n+00034de0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00034df0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+00034e00: 2e34 2e34 3620 6c73 6d6f 640a 2d2d 2d2d .4.46 lsmod.----\n+00034e10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00034e20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 6d6f 640a 2020 ommand: lsmod. \n+00034e30: 2020 2053 686f 7720 6c69 7374 206f 6620 Show list of \n+00034e40: 6c6f 6164 6564 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a loaded modules..\n+00034e50: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00034e60: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 6435 7375 fo, Node: md5su\n+00034e70: 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 m, Next: module\n+00034e80: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 , Prev: lsmod, \n+00034e90: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00034ea0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00034eb0: 2e34 3720 6d64 3573 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .47 md5sum.-----\n+00034ec0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00034ed0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 2061 ommand: md5sum a\n+00034ee0: 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 rg .... Alia\n+00034ef0: 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d s for ...hashsum\n+00034f00: 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6d64 3520 6172 6720 --hash md5 arg \n+00034f10: 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d ....... See com\n+00034f20: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 mand ...hashsum.\n+00034f30: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 ... (*note h\n+00034f40: 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 ashsum::) for fu\n+00034f50: 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a ll description..\n+00034f60: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00034f70: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 6f64 756c fo, Node: modul\n+00034f80: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 e, Next: multib\n+00034f90: 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d64 3573 oot, Prev: md5s\n+00034fa0: 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 um, Up: Command\n+00034fb0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00034fc0: 3137 2e34 2e34 3820 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a2d 17.4.48 module.-\n+00034fd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00034fe0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d6f 6475 -- Command: modu\n+00034ff0: 6c65 205b 2d2d 6e6f 756e 7a69 705d 2066 le [--nounzip] f\n+00035000: 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e 7473 5d0a ile [arguments].\n+00035010: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d6f 6475 Load a modu\n+00035020: 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 le for multiboot\n+00035030: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652e 2020 kernel image. \n+00035040: 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 The rest of the \n+00035050: 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 line is. pas\n+00035060: 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 sed verbatim as \n+00035070: 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 the module comma\n+00035080: 6e64 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 nd line.....File\n+00035090: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000350a0: 6465 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 de: multiboot, \n+000350b0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b Next: nativedisk\n+000350c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 6f64 756c 652c , Prev: module,\n+000350d0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+000350e0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+000350f0: 342e 3439 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a2d 4.49 multiboot.-\n+00035100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00035110: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206d .. -- Command: m\n+00035120: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 205b 2d2d 7175 6972 ultiboot [--quir\n+00035130: 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c 7564 6765 5d0a 2020 k-bad-kludge]. \n+00035140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d71 7569 726b [--quirk\n+00035150: 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 2d61 6674 6572 2d6b -modules-after-k\n+00035160: 6572 6e65 6c5d 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a ernel] file ....\n+00035170: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 Load a mult\n+00035180: 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 iboot kernel ima\n+00035190: 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 ge from FILE. T\n+000351a0: 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c he rest of the l\n+000351b0: 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 ine is. pass\n+000351c0: 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 ed verbatim as t\n+000351d0: 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d he ...kernel com\n+000351e0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 mand-line.... A\n+000351f0: 6e79 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 ny module must b\n+00035200: 650a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 e. reloaded \n+00035210: 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 after using this\n+00035220: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 command (*note \n+00035230: 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 module::)... \n+00035240: 2053 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6861 Some kernels ha\n+00035250: 7665 206b 6e6f 776e 2070 726f 626c 656d ve known problem\n+00035260: 732e 2020 596f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 s. You need to \n+00035270: 7370 6563 6966 7920 2d71 7569 726b 2d2a specify -quirk-*\n+00035280: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6f73 652e for. those.\n+00035290: 2020 2d71 7569 726b 2d62 6164 2d6b 6c75 -quirk-bad-klu\n+000352a0: 6467 6520 6973 2061 2070 726f 626c 656d dge is a problem\n+000352b0: 2073 6565 6e20 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c seen in several\n+000352c0: 2070 726f 6475 6374 730a 2020 2020 2074 products. t\n+000352d0: 6861 7420 7468 6579 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 hat they include\n+000352e0: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206b 6c75 6467 6520 loading kludge \n+000352f0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7769 7468 information with\n+00035300: 2069 6e76 616c 6964 2064 6174 6120 696e invalid data in\n+00035310: 0a20 2020 2020 454c 4620 6669 6c65 2e20 . ELF file. \n+00035320: 2047 5255 4220 7072 696f 7220 746f 2030 GRUB prior to 0\n+00035330: 2e39 3720 616e 6420 736f 6d65 2063 7573 .97 and some cus\n+00035340: 746f 6d20 6275 696c 6473 2070 7265 6665 tom builds prefe\n+00035350: 7272 6564 2045 4c46 0a20 2020 2020 696e rred ELF. in\n+00035360: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7768 696c 6520 formation while \n+00035370: 302e 3937 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 3220 0.97 and GRUB 2 \n+00035380: 7573 6520 6b6c 7564 6765 2e20 2055 7365 use kludge. Use\n+00035390: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a this option to.\n+000353a0: 2020 2020 2069 676e 6f72 6520 6b6c 7564 ignore klud\n+000353b0: 6765 2e20 204b 6e6f 776e 2061 6666 6563 ge. Known affec\n+000353c0: 7465 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a 206f 6c64 ted systems: old\n+000353d0: 2053 6f6c 6172 6973 2c20 536b 794f 532e Solaris, SkyOS.\n+000353e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 202d 7175 6972 6b2d 6d6f .. -quirk-mo\n+000353f0: 6475 6c65 732d 6166 7465 722d 6b65 726e dules-after-kern\n+00035400: 656c 2069 7320 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 el is needed for\n+00035410: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2077 6869 6368 206c kernels which l\n+00035420: 6f61 6420 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c61 oad at. rela\n+00035430: 7469 7665 6c79 2068 6967 6820 6164 6472 tively high addr\n+00035440: 6573 7320 652e 672e 2020 3136 4d69 4220 ess e.g. 16MiB \n+00035450: 6d61 726b 2061 6e64 2063 616e 2774 2063 mark and can't c\n+00035460: 6f70 6520 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f ope with. mo\n+00035470: 6475 6c65 7320 7374 7566 6665 6420 6265 dules stuffed be\n+00035480: 7477 6565 6e20 314d 6942 206d 6172 6b20 tween 1MiB mark \n+00035490: 616e 6420 6265 6769 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 and beginning of\n+000354a0: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 the kernel.. \n+000354b0: 2020 4b6e 6f77 6e20 6166 6674 6563 7465 Known afftecte\n+000354c0: 6420 7379 7374 656d 733a 2056 4d57 6172 d systems: VMWar\n+000354d0: 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 e.....File: grub\n+000354e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e61 .info, Node: na\n+000354f0: 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 204e 6578 743a tivedisk, Next:\n+00035500: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 normal, Prev: \n+00035510: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 multiboot, Up: \n+00035520: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00035530: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3530 206e mands..17.4.50 n\n+00035540: 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ativedisk.------\n+00035550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00035560: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6174 6976 - Command: nativ\n+00035570: 6564 6973 6b0a 2020 2020 2053 7769 7463 edisk. Switc\n+00035580: 6820 6672 6f6d 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 h from firmware \n+00035590: 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7273 2074 6f20 disk drivers to \n+000355a0: 6e61 7469 7665 206f 6e65 732e 2020 5265 native ones. Re\n+000355b0: 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c0a 2020 2020 ally useful. \n+000355c0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 only on platfor\n+000355d0: 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2062 6f74 6820 6669 ms where both fi\n+000355e0: 726d 7761 7265 2061 6e64 206e 6174 6976 rmware and nativ\n+000355f0: 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7320 6172 e disk drives ar\n+00035600: 650a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 e. available\n+00035610: 2e20 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2069 3338 . Currently i38\n+00035620: 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d65 6669 2c20 6-pc, i386-efi, \n+00035630: 6933 3836 2d69 6565 6531 3237 3520 616e i386-ieee1275 an\n+00035640: 640a 2020 2020 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 d. x86_64-ef\n+00035650: 692e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 i.....File: grub\n+00035660: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f .info, Node: no\n+00035670: 726d 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6f72 rmal, Next: nor\n+00035680: 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 2050 7265 763a mal_exit, Prev:\n+00035690: 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 5570 nativedisk, Up\n+000356a0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+000356b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3531 ommands..17.4.51\n+000356c0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d normal.--------\n+000356d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+000356e0: 616e 643a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 5b66 696c and: normal [fil\n+000356f0: 655d 0a20 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 6e6f e]. Enter no\n+00035700: 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 6469 rmal mode and di\n+00035710: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d splay the GRUB m\n+00035720: 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 6e6f enu... In no\n+00035730: 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652c 2063 6f6d 6d61 rmal mode, comma\n+00035740: 6e64 732c 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 nds, filesystem \n+00035750: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2063 7279 modules, and cry\n+00035760: 7074 6f67 7261 7068 790a 2020 2020 206d ptography. m\n+00035770: 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 2061 7574 6f6d odules are autom\n+00035780: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 642c atically loaded,\n+00035790: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2066 756c 6c20 4752 and the full GR\n+000357a0: 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 7061 7273 6572 UB script parser\n+000357b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 . is availab\n+000357c0: 6c65 2e20 204f 7468 6572 206d 6f64 756c le. Other modul\n+000357d0: 6573 206d 6179 2062 6520 6578 706c 6963 es may be explic\n+000357e0: 6974 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7573 696e itly loaded usin\n+000357f0: 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 696e 736d 6f64 g. ...insmod\n+00035800: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f ... (*note insmo\n+00035810: 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 d::)... If a\n+00035820: 2046 494c 4520 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 FILE is given, \n+00035830: 7468 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 then commands wi\n+00035840: 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 ll be read from \n+00035850: 7468 6174 2066 696c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 that file.. \n+00035860: 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 7920 Otherwise, they \n+00035870: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f will be read fro\n+00035880: 6d20 e280 9824 7072 6566 6978 2f67 7275 m ...$prefix/gru\n+00035890: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 6620 6974 2065 b.cfg... if it e\n+000358a0: 7869 7374 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 xists... ...\n+000358b0: 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d61 7920 6265 normal... may be\n+000358c0: 2063 616c 6c65 6420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 called from wit\n+000358d0: 6869 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 652c hin normal mode,\n+000358e0: 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 6e65 7374 creating a nest\n+000358f0: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d ed. environm\n+00035900: 656e 742e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6d6f 7265 ent. It is more\n+00035910: 2075 7375 616c 2074 6f20 7573 6520 e280 usual to use ..\n+00035920: 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2028 .configfile... (\n+00035930: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 *note. confi\n+00035940: 6766 696c 653a 3a29 2066 6f72 2074 6869 gfile::) for thi\n+00035950: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+00035960: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f .info, Node: no\n+00035970: 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 4e65 7874 rmal_exit, Next\n+00035980: 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 2050 7265 : parttool, Pre\n+00035990: 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 v: normal, Up: \n+000359a0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+000359b0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3532 206e mands..17.4.52 n\n+000359c0: 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ormal_exit.-----\n+000359d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+000359e0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6f72 -- Command: nor\n+000359f0: 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 4578 mal_exit. Ex\n+00035a00: 6974 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 it normal mode (\n+00035a10: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292e *note normal::).\n+00035a20: 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 696e 7374 616e If this instan\n+00035a30: 6365 206f 6620 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 ce of normal mod\n+00035a40: 650a 2020 2020 2077 6173 206e 6f74 206e e. was not n\n+00035a50: 6573 7465 6420 7769 7468 696e 2061 6e6f ested within ano\n+00035a60: 7468 6572 206f 6e65 2c20 7468 656e 2072 ther one, then r\n+00035a70: 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2072 6573 6375 6520 eturn to rescue \n+00035a80: 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 mode.....File: g\n+00035a90: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00035aa0: 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 parttool, Next\n+00035ab0: 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2c20 2050 7265 : password, Pre\n+00035ac0: 763a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 v: normal_exit, \n+00035ad0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00035ae0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00035af0: 2e35 3320 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 0a2d 2d2d .53 parttool.---\n+00035b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00035b10: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7274 -- Command: part\n+00035b20: 746f 6f6c 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 tool partition c\n+00035b30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 2020 2020 204d 616b ommands. Mak\n+00035b40: 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 e various modifi\n+00035b50: 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2070 6172 7469 cations to parti\n+00035b60: 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 7269 tion table entri\n+00035b70: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4561 6368 2043 es... Each C\n+00035b80: 4f4d 4d41 4e44 2069 7320 6569 7468 6572 OMMAND is either\n+00035b90: 2061 2062 6f6f 6c65 616e 206f 7074 696f a boolean optio\n+00035ba0: 6e2c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 n, in which case\n+00035bb0: 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 it must be. \n+00035bc0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 7769 7468 20e2 followed with .\n+00035bd0: 8098 2be2 8099 206f 7220 e280 982d e280 ..+... or ...-..\n+00035be0: 9920 2877 6974 6820 6e6f 2069 6e74 6572 . (with no inter\n+00035bf0: 7665 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 6365 2920 746f vening space) to\n+00035c00: 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 enable or. \n+00035c10: 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6174 206f 7074 disable that opt\n+00035c20: 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 656c 7365 2069 7420 ion, or else it \n+00035c30: 7461 6b65 7320 6120 7661 6c75 6520 696e takes a value in\n+00035c40: 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d0a 2020 2020 20e2 the form. .\n+00035c50: 8098 434f 4d4d 414e 443d 5641 4c55 45e2 ..COMMAND=VALUE.\n+00035c60: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4375 7272 656e ..... Curren\n+00035c70: 746c 792c 20e2 8098 7061 7274 746f 6f6c tly, ...parttool\n+00035c80: e280 9920 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 ... is only usef\n+00035c90: 756c 206f 6e20 444f 5320 7061 7274 6974 ul on DOS partit\n+00035ca0: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 2028 616c 736f ion tables (also\n+00035cb0: 0a20 2020 2020 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6173 204d . known as M\n+00035cc0: 6173 7465 7220 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 aster Boot Recor\n+00035cd0: 642c 206f 7220 4d42 5229 2e20 4f6e 2074 d, or MBR). On t\n+00035ce0: 6865 7365 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 hese partition t\n+00035cf0: 6162 6c65 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 ables,. the \n+00035d00: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e following comman\n+00035d10: 6473 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ds are available\n+00035d20: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 :.. ...boot.\n+00035d30: 8099 2028 626f 6f6c 6561 6e29 0a20 2020 .. (boolean). \n+00035d40: 2020 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 656e 6162 When enab\n+00035d50: 6c65 642c 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 led, this makes \n+00035d60: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2070 6172 the selected par\n+00035d70: 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 6520 7468 6520 6163 tition be the ac\n+00035d80: 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 tive. (\n+00035d90: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2920 7061 7274 6974 bootable) partit\n+00035da0: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2069 7473 2064 6973 6b2c ion on its disk,\n+00035db0: 2063 6c65 6172 696e 6720 7468 6520 6163 clearing the ac\n+00035dc0: 7469 7665 2066 6c61 6720 6f6e 0a20 2020 tive flag on. \n+00035dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 all other\n+00035de0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 partitions. Th\n+00035df0: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6c69 is command is li\n+00035e00: 6d69 7465 6420 746f 205f 7072 696d 6172 mited to _primar\n+00035e10: 795f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 y_. par\n+00035e20: 7469 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 titions... .\n+00035e30: 8098 7479 7065 e280 9920 2876 616c 7565 ..type... (value\n+00035e40: 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 616e ). Chan\n+00035e50: 6765 2074 6865 2074 7970 6520 6f66 2061 ge the type of a\n+00035e60: 6e20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2070 6172 7469 n existing parti\n+00035e70: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 tion. The value\n+00035e80: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 0a20 2020 2020 must be a. \n+00035e90: 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e 2074 number in t\n+00035ea0: 6865 2072 616e 6765 2030 2d30 7846 4620 he range 0-0xFF \n+00035eb0: 2870 7265 6669 7820 7769 7468 20e2 8098 (prefix with ...\n+00035ec0: 3078 e280 9920 746f 2065 6e74 6572 2069 0x... to enter i\n+00035ed0: 7420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 t in. h\n+00035ee0: 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 292e 0a0a 2020 exadecimal)... \n+00035ef0: 2020 20e2 8098 6869 6464 656e e280 9920 ...hidden... \n+00035f00: 2862 6f6f 6c65 616e 290a 2020 2020 2020 (boolean). \n+00035f10: 2020 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e61 626c 6564 When enabled\n+00035f20: 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6964 6573 2074 6865 , this hides the\n+00035f30: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 selected partit\n+00035f40: 696f 6e20 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 ion by setting t\n+00035f50: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 20e2 809c he. ...\n+00035f60: 6869 6464 656e e280 9d20 6269 7420 696e hidden... bit in\n+00035f70: 2069 7473 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 its partition t\n+00035f80: 7970 6520 636f 6465 3b20 7768 656e 2064 ype code; when d\n+00035f90: 6973 6162 6c65 642c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 isabled,. \n+00035fa0: 2020 2075 6e68 6964 6573 2074 6865 2073 unhides the s\n+00035fb0: 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f elected partitio\n+00035fc0: 6e20 6279 2063 6c65 6172 696e 6720 7468 n by clearing th\n+00035fd0: 6973 2062 6974 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 is bit. This is\n+00035fe0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 . usefu\n+00035ff0: 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 l only when boot\n+00036000: 696e 6720 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f ing DOS or Windo\n+00036010: 7773 2061 6e64 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 ws and multiple \n+00036020: 7072 696d 6172 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 primary. \n+00036030: 2020 4641 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 FAT partitions\n+00036040: 2065 7869 7374 2069 6e20 6f6e 6520 6469 exist in one di\n+00036050: 736b 2e20 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e sk. See also *n\n+00036060: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 444f ote. DO\n+00036070: 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a S/Windows::.....\n+00036080: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00036090: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 Node: password\n+000360a0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 , Next: passwor\n+000360b0: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 7265 763a d_pbkdf2, Prev:\n+000360c0: 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 parttool, Up: \n+000360d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+000360e0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3534 2070 mands..17.4.54 p\n+000360f0: 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d assword.--------\n+00036100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00036110: 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 mmand: password \n+00036120: 7573 6572 2063 6c65 6172 2d70 6173 7377 user clear-passw\n+00036130: 6f72 640a 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e 6520 ord. Define \n+00036140: 6120 7573 6572 206e 616d 6564 2055 5345 a user named USE\n+00036150: 5220 7769 7468 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 R with password \n+00036160: 434c 4541 522d 5041 5353 574f 5244 2e20 CLEAR-PASSWORD. \n+00036170: 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6375 *Note. Secu\n+00036180: 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a rity::.....File:\n+00036190: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000361a0: 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 e: password_pbkd\n+000361b0: 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6c61 696e f2, Next: plain\n+000361c0: 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7061 mount, Prev: pa\n+000361d0: 7373 776f 7264 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d ssword, Up: Com\n+000361e0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+000361f0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3520 7061 7373 ds..17.4.55 pass\n+00036200: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 320a 2d2d 2d2d word_pbkdf2.----\n+00036210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00036220: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00036230: 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 : password_pbkdf\n+00036240: 3220 7573 6572 2068 6173 6865 642d 7061 2 user hashed-pa\n+00036250: 7373 776f 7264 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6669 ssword. Defi\n+00036260: 6e65 2061 2075 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 6420 ne a user named \n+00036270: 5553 4552 2077 6974 6820 7061 7373 776f USER with passwo\n+00036280: 7264 2068 6173 6820 4841 5348 4544 2d50 rd hash HASHED-P\n+00036290: 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 5573 650a 2020 ASSWORD. Use. \n+000362a0: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 ...grub-mkpas\n+000362b0: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 282a swd-pbkdf2... (*\n+000362c0: 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 note Invoking gr\n+000362d0: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n+000362e0: 6632 3a3a 2920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6765 f2::) to. ge\n+000362f0: 6e65 7261 7465 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 nerate password \n+00036300: 6861 7368 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 hashes. *Note S\n+00036310: 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ecurity::.....Fi\n+00036320: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00036330: 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 Node: plainmount\n+00036340: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 6c61 792c 2020 , Next: play, \n+00036350: 5072 6576 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 Prev: password_p\n+00036360: 626b 6466 322c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d bkdf2, Up: Comm\n+00036370: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00036380: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3536 2070 6c61 696e s..17.4.56 plain\n+00036390: 6d6f 756e 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mount.----------\n+000363a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+000363b0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e mmand: plainmoun\n+000363c0: 7420 6465 7669 6365 202d 6320 6369 7068 t device -c ciph\n+000363d0: 6572 202d 7320 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 205b er -s key size [\n+000363e0: 2d68 2068 6173 685d 0a20 2020 2020 5be2 -h hash]. [.\n+000363f0: 8098 2d53 e280 9920 7365 6374 6f72 2073 ..-S... sector s\n+00036400: 697a 655d 205b e280 982d 70e2 8099 2070 ize] [...-p... p\n+00036410: 6173 7377 6f72 645d 205b e280 982d 75e2 assword] [...-u.\n+00036420: 8099 2075 7569 645d 205b 5be2 8098 2d64 .. uuid] [[...-d\n+00036430: e280 9920 6b65 7966 696c 655d 0a20 2020 ... keyfile]. \n+00036440: 2020 5be2 8098 2d4f e280 9920 6b65 7966 [...-O... keyf\n+00036450: 696c 6520 6f66 6673 6574 5d5d 0a0a 2020 ile offset]].. \n+00036460: 2020 2053 6574 7570 2061 6363 6573 7320 Setup access \n+00036470: 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 to the encrypted\n+00036480: 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 2070 6c61 696e device in plain\n+00036490: 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4f66 6673 6574 206f mode. Offset o\n+000364a0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 f the. encry\n+000364b0: 7074 6564 2064 6174 6120 6174 2074 6865 pted data at the\n+000364c0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 device is speci\n+000364d0: 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7465 726d 7320 6f66 fied in terms of\n+000364e0: 2035 3132 2062 7974 650a 2020 2020 2073 512 byte. s\n+000364f0: 6563 746f 7273 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 ectors using the\n+00036500: 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 blocklist synta\n+00036510: 7820 616e 6420 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2064 x and loopback d\n+00036520: 6576 6963 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 evice. The. \n+00036530: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 7861 6d70 following examp\n+00036540: 6c65 2073 686f 7773 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 le shows how to \n+00036550: 7370 6563 6966 7920 314d 6942 206f 6666 specify 1MiB off\n+00036560: 7365 743a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set:.. \n+00036570: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 206e 6f64 6520 2868 loopback node (h\n+00036580: 6430 2c67 7074 3129 3230 3438 2b0a 2020 d0,gpt1)2048+. \n+00036590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 plainmou\n+000365a0: 6e74 206e 6f64 6520 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 2020 nt node ..... \n+000365b0: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9870 6c61 696e 6d6f The ...plainmo\n+000365c0: 756e 74e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 unt... command c\n+000365d0: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6f70 an be used to op\n+000365e0: 656e 204c 554b 5320 656e 6372 7970 7465 en LUKS encrypte\n+000365f0: 6420 766f 6c75 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6966 d volume. if\n+00036600: 2069 7473 206d 6173 7465 7220 6b65 7920 its master key \n+00036610: 616e 6420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2028 and parameters (\n+00036620: 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2c20 6369 7068 6572 key size, cipher\n+00036630: 2c20 6f66 6673 6574 2c20 6574 6329 0a20 , offset, etc). \n+00036640: 2020 2020 6172 6520 6b6e 6f77 6e2e 0a0a are known...\n+00036650: 2020 2020 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 There are t\n+00036660: 776f 2077 6179 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 wo ways to speci\n+00036670: 6679 2061 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a 2061 fy a password: a\n+00036680: 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2061 6e64 2061 2073 keyfile and a s\n+00036690: 6563 7265 740a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7370 ecret. passp\n+000366a0: 6872 6173 652e 2020 5468 6520 6b65 7966 hrase. The keyf\n+000366b0: 696c 6520 7061 7468 2070 6172 616d 6574 ile path paramet\n+000366c0: 6572 2068 6173 2068 6967 6865 7220 7072 er has higher pr\n+000366d0: 696f 7269 7479 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 iority than. \n+000366e0: 2074 6865 2073 6563 7265 7420 7061 7373 the secret pass\n+000366f0: 7068 7261 7365 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 phrase parameter\n+00036700: 2061 6e64 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 and is specifie\n+00036710: 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f d with the optio\n+00036720: 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 992e n. ...-d....\n+00036730: 2020 5061 7373 776f 7264 2064 6174 6120 Password data \n+00036740: 6f62 7461 696e 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6b65 obtained from ke\n+00036750: 7966 696c 6573 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 yfiles is not ha\n+00036760: 7368 6564 2061 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 shed and is. \n+00036770: 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 used directly a\n+00036780: 7320 6120 6369 7068 6572 206b 6579 2e20 s a cipher key. \n+00036790: 2041 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 206f 6666 An optional off\n+000367a0: 7365 7420 6f66 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 set of password \n+000367b0: 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2074 6865 data. in the\n+000367c0: 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 keyfile can be \n+000367d0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2074 specified with t\n+000367e0: 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 4fe2 he option ...-O.\n+000367f0: 8099 206f 7220 6469 7265 6374 6c79 0a20 .. or directly. \n+00036800: 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f 7074 with the opt\n+00036810: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 64e2 8099 2061 6e64 ion ...-d... and\n+00036820: 2047 5255 4220 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 GRUB blocklist \n+00036830: 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 6966 2074 6865 206b syntax, if the k\n+00036840: 6579 6669 6c65 2064 6174 610a 2020 2020 eyfile data. \n+00036850: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6163 6365 7373 6564 can be accessed\n+00036860: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6465 7669 6365 2061 from a device a\n+00036870: 6e64 2069 7320 3531 3220 6279 7465 2061 nd is 512 byte a\n+00036880: 6c69 676e 6564 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 ligned. The. \n+00036890: 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d following exam\n+000368a0: 706c 6520 7368 6f77 7320 626f 7468 206d ple shows both m\n+000368b0: 6574 686f 6473 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 ethods to specif\n+000368c0: 7920 7061 7373 776f 7264 2064 6174 6120 y password data \n+000368d0: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6b65 7966 in. the keyf\n+000368e0: 696c 6520 6174 206f 6666 7365 7420 314d ile at offset 1M\n+000368f0: 6942 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 iB:.. p\n+00036900: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 2d64 2028 6864 lainmount -d (hd\n+00036910: 302c 6770 7431 2932 3034 382b 202e 2e2e 0,gpt1)2048+ ...\n+00036920: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e . plain\n+00036930: 6d6f 756e 7420 2d64 2028 6864 302c 6770 mount -d (hd0,gp\n+00036940: 7431 292b 202d 4f20 3130 3438 3537 3620 t1)+ -O 1048576 \n+00036950: 2e2e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206e 6f20 ..... If no \n+00036960: 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 keyfile is speci\n+00036970: 6669 6564 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7061 fied then the pa\n+00036980: 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f ssword is set to\n+00036990: 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a 2020 2020 the string. \n+000369a0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2062 7920 6f70 specified by op\n+000369b0: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 6f72 tion ...-p... or\n+000369c0: 2069 7320 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 696e is requested in\n+000369d0: 7465 7261 6374 6976 656c 7920 6672 6f6d teractively from\n+000369e0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c the. consol\n+000369f0: 652e 2020 496e 2062 6f74 6820 6361 7365 e. In both case\n+00036a00: 7320 7468 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2070 s the provided p\n+00036a10: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6973 2068 6173 6865 assword is hashe\n+00036a20: 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 d with the. \n+00036a30: 616c 676f 7269 7468 6d20 7370 6563 6966 algorithm specif\n+00036a40: 6965 6420 6279 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f ied by the optio\n+00036a50: 6e20 e280 982d 68e2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 n ...-h.... Thi\n+00036a60: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6d61 6e64 s option is mand\n+00036a70: 6174 6f72 790a 2020 2020 2069 6620 6e6f atory. if no\n+00036a80: 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7370 6563 keyfile is spec\n+00036a90: 6966 6965 642c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6361 ified, but it ca\n+00036aa0: 6e20 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9870 n be set to ...p\n+00036ab0: 6c61 696e e280 9920 7768 6963 680a 2020 lain... which. \n+00036ac0: 2020 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6e6f means that no\n+00036ad0: 2068 6173 6869 6e67 2069 7320 646f 6e65 hashing is done\n+00036ae0: 2061 6e64 2073 7563 6820 7061 7373 776f and such passwo\n+00036af0: 7264 2069 7320 7573 6564 2064 6972 6563 rd is used direc\n+00036b00: 746c 7920 6173 0a20 2020 2020 6120 6b65 tly as. a ke\n+00036b10: 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6970 6865 7220 y... Cipher \n+00036b20: e280 982d 63e2 8099 2061 6e64 206b 6579 ...-c... and key\n+00036b30: 7369 7a65 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 9920 6f70 size ...-s... op\n+00036b40: 7469 6f6e 7320 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 tions specify th\n+00036b50: 6520 6369 7068 6572 2061 6c67 6f72 6974 e cipher algorit\n+00036b60: 686d 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 hm. and the \n+00036b70: 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2072 6573 7065 6374 key size respect\n+00036b80: 6976 656c 7920 616e 6420 6172 6520 6d61 ively and are ma\n+00036b90: 6e64 6174 6f72 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e ndatory options.\n+00036ba0: 2020 4369 7068 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6d75 Cipher. mu\n+00036bb0: 7374 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 st be specified \n+00036bc0: 7769 7468 2074 6865 206d 6f64 6520 7365 with the mode se\n+00036bd0: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2064 6173 parated by a das\n+00036be0: 6820 2866 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a h (for example,.\n+00036bf0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6165 732d 7874 732d ...aes-xts-\n+00036c00: 706c 6169 6e36 34e2 8099 292e 2020 4b65 plain64...). Ke\n+00036c10: 7920 7369 7a65 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 y size option ..\n+00036c20: 982d 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7468 6520 6b65 .-s... is the ke\n+00036c30: 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 y size of the. \n+00036c40: 2020 2063 6970 6865 7220 696e 2062 6974 cipher in bit\n+00036c50: 732c 206e 6f74 2074 6f20 6265 2063 6f6e s, not to be con\n+00036c60: 6675 7365 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 206f fused with the o\n+00036c70: 6666 7365 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6579 ffset of the key\n+00036c80: 2064 6174 610a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6120 data. in a \n+00036c90: 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 keyfile specifie\n+00036ca0: 6420 7769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d4f d with the ...-O\n+00036cb0: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 7420 ... option. It \n+00036cc0: 6d75 7374 206e 6f74 2065 7863 6565 640a must not exceed.\n+00036cd0: 2020 2020 2031 3032 3420 6269 7473 2c20 1024 bits, \n+00036ce0: 736f 2061 2033 3220 6279 7465 206b 6579 so a 32 byte key\n+00036cf0: 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 would be specif\n+00036d00: 6965 6420 6173 2032 3536 2062 6974 730a ied as 256 bits.\n+00036d10: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e . The option\n+00036d20: 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 20e2 8098 al parameter ...\n+00036d30: 2d53 e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 -S... specifies \n+00036d40: 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 encrypted device\n+00036d50: 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 2e0a 2020 sector size.. \n+00036d60: 2020 2049 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6174 It must be at\n+00036d70: 206c 6561 7374 2035 3132 2062 7974 6573 least 512 bytes\n+00036d80: 206c 6f6e 6720 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2076 long (default v\n+00036d90: 616c 7565 2920 616e 6420 6120 706f 7765 alue) and a powe\n+00036da0: 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 322e 2020 2831 r of. 2. (1\n+00036db0: 2920 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 706c 6169 6e6d ) (*note plainm\n+00036dc0: 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a ount-Footnote-1:\n+00036dd0: 3a29 2e20 2044 6973 6b20 7365 6374 6f72 :). Disk sector\n+00036de0: 2073 697a 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 636f size is. co\n+00036df0: 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6372 nfigured when cr\n+00036e00: 6561 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6e63 7279 eating the encry\n+00036e10: 7074 6564 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 4174 pted volume. At\n+00036e20: 7465 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 tempting to. \n+00036e30: 2064 6563 7279 7074 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 decrypt volumes\n+00036e40: 2077 6974 6820 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e with a differen\n+00036e50: 7420 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 6520 7468 t sector size th\n+00036e60: 616e 2069 7420 7761 7320 6372 6561 7465 an it was create\n+00036e70: 640a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 7769 6c6c d. with will\n+00036e80: 206e 6f74 2072 6573 756c 7420 696e 2061 not result in a\n+00036e90: 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2062 7574 2077 696c n error, but wil\n+00036ea0: 6c20 6465 6372 7970 7420 746f 2072 616e l decrypt to ran\n+00036eb0: 646f 6d20 6279 7465 730a 2020 2020 2061 dom bytes. a\n+00036ec0: 6e64 2074 6875 7320 7072 6576 656e 7420 nd thus prevent \n+00036ed0: 6163 6365 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 766f accessing the vo\n+00036ee0: 6c75 6d65 2028 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 lume (in some ca\n+00036ef0: 7365 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 ses the filesyst\n+00036f00: 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6472 6976 6572 2063 em. driver c\n+00036f10: 616e 2064 6574 6563 7420 7468 6520 7072 an detect the pr\n+00036f20: 6573 656e 6365 206f 6620 6120 6669 6c65 esence of a file\n+00036f30: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6275 7420 6e65 7665 system, but neve\n+00036f40: 7274 6865 6c65 7373 0a20 2020 2020 7769 rtheless. wi\n+00036f50: 6c6c 2072 6566 7573 6520 746f 206d 6f75 ll refuse to mou\n+00036f60: 6e74 2069 7429 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4279 nt it)... By\n+00036f70: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206e 6577 2070 6c61 default new pla\n+00036f80: 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 6465 7669 6365 7320 inmount devices \n+00036f90: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6120 will be given a \n+00036fa0: 5555 4944 2073 7461 7274 696e 670a 2020 UUID starting. \n+00036fb0: 2020 2077 6974 6820 2731 3039 6665 6138 with '109fea8\n+00036fc0: 342d 6136 6237 2d33 3461 382d 3462 6431 4-a6b7-34a8-4bd1\n+00036fd0: 2d31 6335 3036 3330 3561 3430 3127 2077 -1c506305a401' w\n+00036fe0: 6865 7265 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 6469 here the last di\n+00036ff0: 6769 7473 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 696e gits. are in\n+00037000: 6372 656d 656e 7465 6420 6279 206f 6e65 cremented by one\n+00037010: 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 706c 6169 6e6d for each plainm\n+00037020: 6f75 6e74 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 6265 ounted device be\n+00037030: 796f 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6669 yond the. fi\n+00037040: 7273 7420 7570 2074 6f20 325e 3130 2064 rst up to 2^10 d\n+00037050: 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c evices... Al\n+00037060: 6c20 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 l encryption arg\n+00037070: 756d 656e 7473 2028 6369 7068 6572 2c20 uments (cipher, \n+00037080: 6861 7368 2c20 6b65 7920 7369 7a65 2c20 hash, key size, \n+00037090: 6469 736b 206f 6666 7365 7420 616e 640a disk offset and.\n+000370a0: 2020 2020 2064 6973 6b20 7365 6374 6f72 disk sector\n+000370b0: 2073 697a 6529 206d 7573 7420 6d61 7463 size) must matc\n+000370c0: 6820 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 h the parameters\n+000370d0: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2063 7265 6174 6520 used to create \n+000370e0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2076 6f6c 756d 652e the. volume.\n+000370f0: 2020 4966 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 656d If any of them\n+00037100: 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6d61 7463 6820 does not match \n+00037110: 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c 2061 7267 756d the actual argum\n+00037120: 656e 7473 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 2064 ents used. d\n+00037130: 7572 696e 6720 7468 6520 696e 6974 6961 uring the initia\n+00037140: 6c20 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2c20 706c l encryption, pl\n+00037150: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 6372 ainmount will cr\n+00037160: 6561 7465 2076 6972 7475 616c 0a20 2020 eate virtual. \n+00037170: 2020 6465 7669 6365 2077 6974 6820 7468 device with th\n+00037180: 6520 6761 7262 6167 6520 6461 7461 2061 e garbage data a\n+00037190: 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2072 6570 nd GRUB will rep\n+000371a0: 6f72 7420 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 ort unknown. \n+000371b0: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 666f 7220 filesystem for \n+000371c0: 7375 6368 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 1f0a such device.....\n+000371d0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000371e0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 Node: plainmou\n+000371f0: 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 nt-Footnotes, U\n+00037200: 703a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 740a 0a20 p: plainmount.. \n+00037210: 2020 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e 7420 696d (1) Current im\n+00037220: 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 plementation of \n+00037230: 6372 7970 7473 6574 7570 2073 7570 706f cryptsetup suppo\n+00037240: 7274 7320 6f6e 6c79 0a35 3132 2f31 3032 rts only.512/102\n+00037250: 342f 3230 3438 2f34 3039 3620 6279 7465 4/2048/4096 byte\n+00037260: 2073 6563 746f 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 sectors....File\n+00037270: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00037280: 6465 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: play, Next:\n+00037290: 2070 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 probe, Prev: p\n+000372a0: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 lainmount, Up: \n+000372b0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+000372c0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3537 2070 mands..17.4.57 p\n+000372d0: 6c61 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lay.------------\n+000372e0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 .. -- Command: p\n+000372f0: 6c61 7920 6669 6c65 207c 2074 656d 706f lay file | tempo\n+00037300: 205b 7069 7463 6831 2064 7572 6174 696f [pitch1 duratio\n+00037310: 6e31 5d20 5b70 6974 6368 3220 6475 7261 n1] [pitch2 dura\n+00037320: 7469 6f6e 325d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 tion2] .... \n+00037330: 506c 6179 7320 6120 7475 6e65 0a0a 2020 Plays a tune.. \n+00037340: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 If the argume\n+00037350: 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d nt is a file nam\n+00037360: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 e (*note File na\n+00037370: 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 706c me syntax::), pl\n+00037380: 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7475 6e65 ay the. tune\n+00037390: 2072 6563 6f72 6465 6420 696e 2069 742e recorded in it.\n+000373a0: 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 The file forma\n+000373b0: 7420 6973 2066 6972 7374 2074 6865 2074 t is first the t\n+000373c0: 656d 706f 2061 7320 616e 0a20 2020 2020 empo as an. \n+000373d0: 756e 7369 676e 6564 2033 3262 6974 206c unsigned 32bit l\n+000373e0: 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e 206e 756d ittle-endian num\n+000373f0: 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 7061 6972 7320 ber, then pairs \n+00037400: 6f66 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 3136 6269 of unsigned 16bi\n+00037410: 740a 2020 2020 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e t. little-en\n+00037420: 6469 616e 206e 756d 6265 7273 2066 6f72 dian numbers for\n+00037430: 2070 6974 6368 2061 6e64 2064 7572 6174 pitch and durat\n+00037440: 696f 6e20 7061 6972 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 ion pairs... \n+00037450: 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 If the argument\n+00037460: 7320 6172 6520 6120 7365 7269 6573 206f s are a series o\n+00037470: 6620 6e75 6d62 6572 732c 2070 6c61 7920 f numbers, play \n+00037480: 7468 6520 696e 6c69 6e65 2074 756e 652e the inline tune.\n+00037490: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 656d 706f .. The tempo\n+000374a0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6261 7365 2066 6f72 is the base for\n+000374b0: 2061 6c6c 206e 6f74 6520 6475 7261 7469 all note durati\n+000374c0: 6f6e 732e 2020 3630 2067 6976 6573 2061 ons. 60 gives a\n+000374d0: 2031 2d73 6563 6f6e 640a 2020 2020 2062 1-second. b\n+000374e0: 6173 652c 2031 3230 2067 6976 6573 2061 ase, 120 gives a\n+000374f0: 2068 616c 662d 7365 636f 6e64 2062 6173 half-second bas\n+00037500: 652c 2065 7463 2e20 2050 6974 6368 6573 e, etc. Pitches\n+00037510: 2061 7265 2048 7a2e 2020 5365 740a 2020 are Hz. Set. \n+00037520: 2020 2070 6974 6368 2074 6f20 3020 746f pitch to 0 to\n+00037530: 2070 726f 6475 6365 2061 2072 6573 742e produce a rest.\n+00037540: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00037550: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 6f62 nfo, Node: prob\n+00037560: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7264 6d73 722c e, Next: rdmsr,\n+00037570: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 2055 Prev: play, U\n+00037580: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00037590: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 commands..17.4.5\n+000375a0: 3820 7072 6f62 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 8 probe.--------\n+000375b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+000375c0: 6e64 3a20 7072 6f62 6520 5b2d 2d73 6574 nd: probe [--set\n+000375d0: 2076 6172 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 var]. \n+000375e0: 2d2d 6472 6976 6572 7c2d 2d70 6172 746d --driver|--partm\n+000375f0: 6170 7c2d 2d66 737c 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 ap|--fs|--fs-uui\n+00037600: 647c 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c7c 2d2d 7061 7274 d|--label|--part\n+00037610: 2d75 7569 6420 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 -uuid device. \n+00037620: 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2064 6576 6963 Retrieve devic\n+00037630: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 e information. \n+00037640: 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 If option ...--s\n+00037650: 6574 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 et... is given, \n+00037660: 6173 7369 676e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7375 assign. resu\n+00037670: 6c74 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 lt to variable V\n+00037680: 4152 2c20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 7072 AR, otherwise pr\n+00037690: 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 int information \n+000376a0: 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a on the screen...\n+000376b0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 The option \n+000376c0: e280 982d 2d70 6172 742d 7575 6964 e280 ...--part-uuid..\n+000376d0: 9920 6973 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206f . is currently o\n+000376e0: 6e6c 7920 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 nly implemented \n+000376f0: 666f 7220 4d53 444f 530a 2020 2020 2061 for MSDOS. a\n+00037700: 6e64 2047 5054 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 nd GPT formatted\n+00037710: 2064 6973 6b73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a disks.....File:\n+00037720: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00037730: 653a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: rdmsr, Next:\n+00037740: 2072 6561 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7072 read, Prev: pr\n+00037750: 6f62 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e obe, Up: Comman\n+00037760: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00037770: 0a31 372e 342e 3539 2072 646d 7372 0a2d .17.4.59 rdmsr.-\n+00037780: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00037790: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 3a20 7264 6d73 - Command:: rdms\n+000377a0: 7220 3078 4144 4452 205b 2d76 2056 4152 r 0xADDR [-v VAR\n+000377b0: 4e41 4d45 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 NAME]. Read \n+000377c0: 6120 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 a model-specific\n+000377d0: 2072 6567 6973 7465 7220 6174 2061 6464 register at add\n+000377e0: 7265 7373 2030 7841 4444 522e 2049 6620 ress 0xADDR. If \n+000377f0: 7468 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 720a 2020 the parameter. \n+00037800: 2020 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 6973 2075 ...-v... is u\n+00037810: 7365 6420 616e 6420 616e 2065 6e76 6972 sed and an envir\n+00037820: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n+00037830: 5641 524e 414d 4520 6973 2067 6976 656e VARNAME is given\n+00037840: 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 , set that. \n+00037850: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00037860: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 able to the valu\n+00037870: 6520 7468 6174 2077 6173 2072 6561 642e e that was read.\n+00037880: 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6e6f .. Please no\n+00037890: 7465 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 2053 4d50 2073 te that on SMP s\n+000378a0: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7265 6164 696e 6720 ystems, reading \n+000378b0: 6672 6f6d 2061 204d 5352 2074 6861 7420 from a MSR that \n+000378c0: 6861 7320 610a 2020 2020 2073 636f 7065 has a. scope\n+000378d0: 2070 6572 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 7468 per hardware th\n+000378e0: 7265 6164 2c20 696d 706c 6965 7320 7468 read, implies th\n+000378f0: 6174 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 2074 6861 at the value tha\n+00037900: 7420 6973 2072 6574 7572 6e65 640a 2020 t is returned. \n+00037910: 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6170 706c 6965 7320 only applies \n+00037920: 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 to the particula\n+00037930: 7220 6370 752f 636f 7265 2f74 6872 6561 r cpu/core/threa\n+00037940: 6420 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 7468 650a d that runs the.\n+00037950: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 command... \n+00037960: 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 Also, if you\n+00037970: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2072 6573 6572 specify a reser\n+00037980: 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 6d70 6c65 6d65 ved or unimpleme\n+00037990: 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 6464 7265 7373 nted MSR address\n+000379a0: 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2063 , it. will c\n+000379b0: 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e 6572 616c 2070 ause a general p\n+000379c0: 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 rotection except\n+000379d0: 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f ion (which is no\n+000379e0: 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a 2020 2020 t currently. \n+000379f0: 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e 646c 6564 2920 being handled) \n+00037a00: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 2077 and the system w\n+00037a10: 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ill reboot.....F\n+00037a20: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00037a30: 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6561 642c 2020 4e65 Node: read, Ne\n+00037a40: 7874 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 xt: reboot, Pre\n+00037a50: 763a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 2055 703a 2043 v: rdmsr, Up: C\n+00037a60: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00037a70: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3020 7265 ands..17.4.60 re\n+00037a80: 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ad.------------.\n+00037a90: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 . -- Command: re\n+00037aa0: 6164 205b 2d73 5d20 5b76 6172 5d0a 2020 ad [-s] [var]. \n+00037ab0: 2020 2052 6561 6420 6120 6c69 6e65 206f Read a line o\n+00037ac0: 6620 696e 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 f input from the\n+00037ad0: 2075 7365 722e 2020 4966 2061 6e20 656e user. If an en\n+00037ae0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00037af0: 6c65 2056 4152 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2067 le VAR. is g\n+00037b00: 6976 656e 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6174 2065 iven, set that e\n+00037b10: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00037b20: 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 ble to the line \n+00037b30: 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6861 740a 2020 of input that. \n+00037b40: 2020 2077 6173 2072 6561 642c 2077 6974 was read, wit\n+00037b50: 6820 6e6f 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 7469 6e67 h no terminating\n+00037b60: 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 2049 6620 7468 newline. If th\n+00037b70: 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 e280 982d e parameter ...-\n+00037b80: 73e2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 s... is. use\n+00037b90: 642c 2065 6e61 626c 6520 7369 6c65 6e74 d, enable silent\n+00037ba0: 206d 6f64 6520 7768 6572 6520 696e 7075 mode where inpu\n+00037bb0: 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2070 7269 6e74 6564 t is not printed\n+00037bc0: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 6572 to the. ter\n+00037bd0: 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 minal.....File: \n+00037be0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00037bf0: 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a : reboot, Next:\n+00037c00: 2072 6567 6578 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 regexp, Prev: \n+00037c10: 7265 6164 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 read, Up: Comma\n+00037c20: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00037c30: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3120 7265 626f 6f74 ..17.4.61 reboot\n+00037c40: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n+00037c50: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 . -- Command: re\n+00037c60: 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 5265 626f 6f74 boot. Reboot\n+00037c70: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e 0a0a the computer...\n+00037c80: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00037c90: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6765 7870 o, Node: regexp\n+00037ca0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6d6d 6f64 2c20 , Next: rmmod, \n+00037cb0: 2050 7265 763a 2072 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 Prev: reboot, \n+00037cc0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+00037cd0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+00037ce0: 3632 2072 6567 6578 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 62 regexp.------\n+00037cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00037d00: 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6567 6578 7020 5b2d mmand: regexp [-\n+00037d10: 2d73 6574 205b 6e75 6d62 6572 3a5d 7661 -set [number:]va\n+00037d20: 725d 2072 6567 6578 7020 7374 7269 6e67 r] regexp string\n+00037d30: 0a20 2020 2020 5465 7374 2069 6620 7265 . Test if re\n+00037d40: 6775 6c61 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e gular expression\n+00037d50: 2052 4547 4558 5020 6d61 7463 6865 7320 REGEXP matches \n+00037d60: 5354 5249 4e47 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 STRING. Support\n+00037d70: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6775 6c61 7220 ed. regular \n+00037d80: 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 expressions are \n+00037d90: 504f 5349 582e 3220 4578 7465 6e64 6564 POSIX.2 Extended\n+00037da0: 2052 6567 756c 6172 2045 7870 7265 7373 Regular Express\n+00037db0: 696f 6e73 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 206f ions. If. o\n+00037dc0: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 ption ...--set..\n+00037dd0: 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7374 6f72 . is given, stor\n+00037de0: 6520 4e55 4d42 4552 7468 206d 6174 6368 e NUMBERth match\n+00037df0: 6564 2073 7562 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e ed subexpression\n+00037e00: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c in. variabl\n+00037e10: 6520 5641 522e 2020 5375 6265 7870 7265 e VAR. Subexpre\n+00037e20: 7373 696f 6e73 2061 7265 206e 756d 6265 ssions are numbe\n+00037e30: 7265 6420 696e 206f 7264 6572 206f 6620 red in order of \n+00037e40: 7468 6569 720a 2020 2020 206f 7065 6e69 their. openi\n+00037e50: 6e67 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 2073 ng parentheses s\n+00037e60: 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 tarting from ...\n+00037e70: 31e2 8099 2e20 204e 554d 4245 5220 6465 1.... NUMBER de\n+00037e80: 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 e280 9831 e280 faults to ...1..\n+00037e90: 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ......File: grub\n+00037ea0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 726d .info, Node: rm\n+00037eb0: 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7361 7665 mod, Next: save\n+00037ec0: 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 6567 _env, Prev: reg\n+00037ed0: 6578 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e exp, Up: Comman\n+00037ee0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00037ef0: 0a31 372e 342e 3633 2072 6d6d 6f64 0a2d .17.4.63 rmmod.-\n+00037f00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+00037f10: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6d6d 6f64 - Command: rmmod\n+00037f20: 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2020 2020 2052 656d module. Rem\n+00037f30: 6f76 6520 6120 6c6f 6164 6564 204d 4f44 ove a loaded MOD\n+00037f40: 554c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ULE.....File: gr\n+00037f50: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00037f60: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 743a save_env, Next:\n+00037f70: 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 search, Prev: \n+00037f80: 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d rmmod, Up: Comm\n+00037f90: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00037fa0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3634 2073 6176 655f s..17.4.64 save_\n+00037fb0: 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d env.------------\n+00037fc0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00037fd0: 643a 2073 6176 655f 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 d: save_env [--f\n+00037fe0: 696c 6520 6669 6c65 5d20 7661 7220 2e2e ile file] var ..\n+00037ff0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 7468 6520 .. Save the \n+00038000: 6e61 6d65 6420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 named variables \n+00038010: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e from the environ\n+00038020: 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 656e 7669 ment to the envi\n+00038030: 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2062 6c6f ronment. blo\n+00038040: 636b 2066 696c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 ck file. *Note \n+00038050: 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 Environment bloc\n+00038060: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 k::... The .\n+00038070: 8098 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 ..--file... opti\n+00038080: 6f6e 206f 7665 7272 6964 6573 2074 6865 on overrides the\n+00038090: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6f63 6174 696f default locatio\n+000380a0: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e n of the. en\n+000380b0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e vironment block.\n+000380c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d .. This comm\n+000380d0: 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 206f 7065 7261 7465 and will operate\n+000380e0: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6576 successfully ev\n+000380f0: 656e 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d en when environm\n+00038100: 656e 740a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c ent. variabl\n+00038110: 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 e ...check_signa\n+00038120: 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 tures... is set \n+00038130: 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 to ...enforce...\n+00038140: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2063 6865 (*note. che\n+00038150: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a29 ck_signatures::)\n+00038160: 2c20 7369 6e63 6520 6974 2077 7269 7465 , since it write\n+00038170: 7320 746f 2064 6973 6b20 616e 6420 646f s to disk and do\n+00038180: 6573 206e 6f74 2061 6c74 6572 2074 6865 es not alter the\n+00038190: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 6861 7669 6f72 206f . behavior o\n+000381a0: 6620 4752 5542 2062 6173 6564 206f 6e20 f GRUB based on \n+000381b0: 616e 7920 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 any contents of \n+000381c0: 6469 736b 2074 6861 7420 6861 7665 2062 disk that have b\n+000381d0: 6565 6e20 7265 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 een read.. I\n+000381e0: 7420 6973 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f t is possible to\n+000381f0: 206d 6f64 6966 7920 6120 6469 6769 7461 modify a digita\n+00038200: 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 2065 6e76 6972 lly signed envir\n+00038210: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c onment block fil\n+00038220: 650a 2020 2020 2066 726f 6d20 7769 7468 e. from with\n+00038230: 696e 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 7468 in GRUB using th\n+00038240: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 7375 6368 is command, such\n+00038250: 2074 6861 7420 6974 7320 7369 676e 6174 that its signat\n+00038260: 7572 6520 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f ure will. no\n+00038270: 206c 6f6e 6765 7220 6265 2076 616c 6964 longer be valid\n+00038280: 206f 6e20 7375 6273 6571 7565 6e74 2062 on subsequent b\n+00038290: 6f6f 7473 2e20 2043 6172 6520 7368 6f75 oots. Care shou\n+000382a0: 6c64 2062 6520 7461 6b65 6e20 696e 0a20 ld be taken in. \n+000382b0: 2020 2020 7375 6368 2061 6476 616e 6365 such advance\n+000382c0: 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 d configurations\n+000382d0: 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7265 6e64 6572 to avoid render\n+000382e0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 ing the system. \n+000382f0: 2020 2020 756e 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2e20 unbootable. \n+00038300: 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 *Note Using dig\n+00038310: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a ital signatures:\n+00038320: 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 :, for more. \n+00038330: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f information....\n+00038340: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00038350: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6561 7263 682c , Node: search,\n+00038360: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 792c Next: sendkey,\n+00038370: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 Prev: save_env\n+00038380: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00038390: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+000383a0: 2e34 2e36 3520 7365 6172 6368 0a2d 2d2d .4.65 search.---\n+000383b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+000383c0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 6172 6368 Command: search\n+000383d0: 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 7c2d 2d6c 6162 656c [--file|--label\n+000383e0: 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 5d20 5b2d 2d73 |--fs-uuid] [--s\n+000383f0: 6574 205b 7661 725d 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 et [var]]. \n+00038400: 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 6f2d 666c 6f70 7079 [--no-floppy\n+00038410: 7c2d 2d65 6669 6469 736b 2d6f 6e6c 795d |--efidisk-only]\n+00038420: 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 name. Searc\n+00038430: 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 6279 2066 696c h devices by fil\n+00038440: 6520 28e2 8098 2d66 e280 992c 20e2 8098 e (...-f..., ...\n+00038450: 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 9929 2c20 6669 6c65 --file...), file\n+00038460: 7379 7374 656d 206c 6162 656c 2028 e280 system label (..\n+00038470: 982d 6ce2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 .-l...,. ...\n+00038480: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 292c 206f 7220 --label...), or \n+00038490: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 5549 4420 filesystem UUID \n+000384a0: 28e2 8098 2d75 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d (...-u..., ...--\n+000384b0: 6673 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 292e 0a0a 2020 fs-uuid...)... \n+000384c0: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 28e2 8098 2d73 If the (...-s\n+000384d0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 8099 ..., ...--set...\n+000384e0: 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 ) option is used\n+000384f0: 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6465 7669 , the first devi\n+00038500: 6365 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 ce found is. \n+00038510: 2073 6574 2061 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 set as the valu\n+00038520: 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 e of environment\n+00038530: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 variable VAR. \n+00038540: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 7269 The default vari\n+00038550: 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 6973 20e2 8098 able. is ...\n+00038560: 726f 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 root...... T\n+00038570: 6865 2028 e280 982d 6ee2 8099 2c20 e280 he (...-n..., ..\n+00038580: 982d 2d6e 6f2d 666c 6f70 7079 e280 9929 .--no-floppy...)\n+00038590: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7072 6576 656e 7473 option prevents\n+000385a0: 2073 6561 7263 6869 6e67 2066 6c6f 7070 searching flopp\n+000385b0: 7920 6465 7669 6365 732c 0a20 2020 2020 y devices,. \n+000385c0: 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6c6f which can be slo\n+000385d0: 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2028 e280 w... The (..\n+000385e0: 982d 2d65 6669 6469 736b 2d6f 6e6c 79e2 .--efidisk-only.\n+000385f0: 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2070 7265 7665 ..) option preve\n+00038600: 6e74 7320 7365 6172 6368 696e 6720 616e nts searching an\n+00038610: 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6465 7669 6365 730a y other devices.\n+00038620: 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 4546 4920 6469 then EFI di\n+00038630: 736b 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7479 sks. This is ty\n+00038640: 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 6564 2077 6865 pically used whe\n+00038650: 6e20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2074 n chainloading t\n+00038660: 6f20 6c6f 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2045 4649 o local. EFI\n+00038670: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 partition... \n+00038680: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 6561 7263 682e The ...search.\n+00038690: 6669 6c65 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7365 6172 file..., ...sear\n+000386a0: 6368 2e66 735f 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 ch.fs_label..., \n+000386b0: 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 682e 6673 and ...search.fs\n+000386c0: 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 _uuid... command\n+000386d0: 730a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2061 6c69 6173 s. are alias\n+000386e0: 6573 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 es for ...search\n+000386f0: 202d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 --file..., ...s\n+00038700: 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 earch --label...\n+00038710: 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 680a , and ...search.\n+00038720: 2020 2020 202d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 e280 --fs-uuid..\n+00038730: 9920 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a . respectively..\n+00038740: 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2068 696e 7473 . Also hints\n+00038750: 2061 7320 746f 2077 6869 6368 2064 6576 as to which dev\n+00038760: 6963 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2074 6865 206d ice may be the m\n+00038770: 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 6c79 2074 6f20 636f ost likely to co\n+00038780: 6e74 6169 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2069 ntain the. i\n+00038790: 7465 6d20 7365 6172 6368 6564 2066 6f72 tem searched for\n+000387a0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7669 may be given vi\n+000387b0: 6120 7468 6520 28e2 8098 2d68 e280 992c a the (...-h...,\n+000387c0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 e280 9929 206f ...--hint...) o\n+000387d0: 7074 696f 6e20 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 ption with. \n+000387e0: 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6173 a device name as\n+000387f0: 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2e20 2049 an argument. I\n+00038800: 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2065 f the argument e\n+00038810: 6e64 7320 7769 7468 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 nds with a comma\n+00038820: 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7061 7274 ,. then part\n+00038830: 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6465 itions on the de\n+00038840: 7669 6365 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 vice are also se\n+00038850: 6172 6368 6564 2e20 2046 7572 7468 6572 arched. Further\n+00038860: 6d6f 7265 2c0a 2020 2020 2070 6c61 7466 more,. platf\n+00038870: 6f72 6d20 7370 6563 6966 6963 2068 696e orm specific hin\n+00038880: 7473 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 ts may be given \n+00038890: 7669 6120 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a via the options.\n+000388a0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d69 ...--hint-i\n+000388b0: 6565 6531 3237 35e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d eee1275..., ...-\n+000388c0: 2d68 696e 742d 6269 6f73 e280 992c 20e2 -hint-bios..., .\n+000388d0: 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d62 6172 656d 6574 ..--hint-baremet\n+000388e0: 616c e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 al..., ...--hint\n+000388f0: 2d65 6669 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 616e -efi...,. an\n+00038900: 6420 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6172 63e2 d ...--hint-arc.\n+00038910: 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 7370 6563 6966 ... When specif\n+00038920: 6965 642c 2074 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f ied, these optio\n+00038930: 6e73 2074 616b 6520 616e 2061 7267 756d ns take an argum\n+00038940: 656e 740a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 206f 7065 ent. and ope\n+00038950: 7261 7465 206c 696b 6520 e280 982d 2d68 rate like ...--h\n+00038960: 696e 74e2 8099 2c20 6275 7420 6f6e 6c79 int..., but only\n+00038970: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 on the specifie\n+00038980: 6420 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 d platform.....F\n+00038990: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000389a0: 204e 6f64 653a 2073 656e 646b 6579 2c20 Node: sendkey, \n+000389b0: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6574 2c20 2050 7265 Next: set, Pre\n+000389c0: 763a 2073 6561 7263 682c 2020 5570 3a20 v: search, Up: \n+000389d0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+000389e0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3636 2073 mands..17.4.66 s\n+000389f0: 656e 646b 6579 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d endkey.---------\n+00038a00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00038a10: 616e 643a 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a20 2020 and: sendkey. \n+00038a20: 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6e75 6d7c 2d2d [--num|--\n+00038a30: 6361 7073 7c2d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c7c 2d2d caps|--scroll|--\n+00038a40: 696e 7365 7274 7c2d 2d70 6175 7365 7c2d insert|--pause|-\n+00038a50: 2d6c 6566 742d 7368 6966 747c 2d2d 7269 -left-shift|--ri\n+00038a60: 6768 742d 7368 6966 747c 2d2d 7379 7372 ght-shift|--sysr\n+00038a70: 717c 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 7c2d 2d63 6170 q|--numkey|--cap\n+00038a80: 736b 6579 7c2d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c6b 6579 skey|--scrollkey\n+00038a90: 7c2d 2d69 6e73 6572 746b 6579 7c2d 2d6c |--insertkey|--l\n+00038aa0: 6566 742d 616c 747c 2d2d 7269 6768 742d eft-alt|--right-\n+00038ab0: 616c 747c 2d2d 6c65 6674 2d63 7472 6c7c alt|--left-ctrl|\n+00038ac0: 2d2d 7269 6768 742d 6374 726c 0a20 2020 --right-ctrl. \n+00038ad0: 2020 2020 2020 206f 6e7c 6f66 665d 2e2e on|off]..\n+00038ae0: 2e20 5b6e 6f2d 6c65 645d 206b 6579 7374 . [no-led] keyst\n+00038af0: 726f 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 roke. Insert\n+00038b00: 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 696e 746f keystrokes into\n+00038b10: 2074 6865 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6275 the keyboard bu\n+00038b20: 6666 6572 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e ffer when bootin\n+00038b30: 672e 2020 536f 6d65 7469 6d65 730a 2020 g. Sometimes. \n+00038b40: 2020 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 an operating \n+00038b50: 7379 7374 656d 206f 7220 6368 6169 6e6c system or chainl\n+00038b60: 6f61 6465 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 oaded boot loade\n+00038b70: 7220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2070 6172 7469 r requires parti\n+00038b80: 6375 6c61 720a 2020 2020 206b 6579 7320 cular. keys \n+00038b90: 746f 2062 6520 7072 6573 7365 643a 2066 to be pressed: f\n+00038ba0: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6f6e 6520 or example, one \n+00038bb0: 6d69 6768 7420 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7072 might need to pr\n+00038bc0: 6573 7320 610a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 ess a. parti\n+00038bd0: 6375 6c61 7220 6b65 7920 746f 2065 6e74 cular key to ent\n+00038be0: 6572 2022 7361 6665 206d 6f64 6522 2c20 er \"safe mode\", \n+00038bf0: 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 or when chainloa\n+00038c00: 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 ding another. \n+00038c10: 2020 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6f6e boot loader on\n+00038c20: 6520 6d69 6768 7420 7365 6e64 206b 6579 e might send key\n+00038c30: 7374 726f 6b65 7320 746f 2069 7420 746f strokes to it to\n+00038c40: 206e 6176 6967 6174 6520 6974 7320 6d65 navigate its me\n+00038c50: 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 nu... Note: \n+00038c60: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 This command is \n+00038c70: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2061 currently only a\n+00038c80: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 vailable on the \n+00038c90: 6933 3836 2d70 630a 2020 2020 2074 6172 i386-pc. tar\n+00038ca0: 6765 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2059 6f75 206d get... You m\n+00038cb0: 6179 2070 726f 7669 6465 2075 7020 746f ay provide up to\n+00038cc0: 2031 3620 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 2028 16 keystrokes (\n+00038cd0: 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 7468 the length of th\n+00038ce0: 6520 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7962 e BIOS. keyb\n+00038cf0: 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 7229 2e20 204b oard buffer). 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F10 \n+000395d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000395e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 300a 2020 F10. \n+000395f0: 2020 2046 3131 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F11 \n 00039600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039610: 2020 2020 2020 2046 3131 0a20 2020 2020 F11. \n-00039620: 4631 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F12 \n-00039630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 F1\n-00039640: 320a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3120 2020 2020 2. num1 \n-00039650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039660: 2020 2020 2031 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 1 (numeric \n-00039670: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n-00039680: 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2 \n-00039690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2032 2028 6e75 2 (nu\n-000396a0: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-000396b0: 2020 206e 756d 3320 2020 2020 2020 2020 num3 \n-000396c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000396d0: 2033 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 3 (numeric keyp\n-000396e0: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3420 2020 ad). num4 \n+00039610: 2046 3131 0a20 2020 2020 4631 3220 2020 F11. F12 \n+00039620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4631 320a 2020 2020 F12. \n+00039640: 206e 756d 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num1 \n+00039650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2031 1\n+00039660: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n+00039670: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3220 2020 2020 ). num2 \n+00039680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039690: 2020 2020 2032 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 2 (numeric \n+000396a0: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+000396b0: 3320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3 \n+000396c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 2028 6e75 3 (nu\n+000396d0: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+000396e0: 2020 206e 756d 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 num4 \n 000396f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039700: 2020 2020 2020 2034 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 4 (numeri\n-00039710: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-00039720: 756d 3520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um5 \n-00039730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2035 2028 5 (\n-00039740: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-00039750: 2020 2020 206e 756d 3620 2020 2020 2020 num6 \n-00039760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039770: 2020 2036 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 6 (numeric ke\n-00039780: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3720 ypad). num7 \n+00039700: 2034 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 4 (numeric keyp\n+00039710: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3520 2020 ad). num5 \n+00039720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039730: 2020 2020 2020 2035 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 5 (numeri\n+00039740: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n+00039750: 756d 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um6 \n+00039760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2036 2028 6 (\n+00039770: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+00039780: 2020 2020 206e 756d 3720 2020 2020 2020 num7 \n 00039790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000397a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2037 2028 6e75 6d65 7 (nume\n-000397b0: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-000397c0: 206e 756d 3820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num8 \n-000397d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 8\n-000397e0: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-000397f0: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3920 2020 2020 ). num9 \n-00039800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039810: 2020 2020 2039 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 9 (numeric \n-00039820: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n-00039830: 3020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 0 \n-00039840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2030 2028 6e75 0 (nu\n-00039850: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-00039860: 2020 206e 756d 7065 7269 6f64 2020 2020 numperiod \n-00039870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039880: 202e 2020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 . (numeric key\n-00039890: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 6e64 pad). numend\n+000397a0: 2020 2037 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7 (numeric ke\n+000397b0: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3820 ypad). num8 \n+000397c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000397d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2038 2028 6e75 6d65 8 (nume\n+000397e0: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+000397f0: 206e 756d 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num9 \n+00039800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2039 9\n+00039810: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n+00039820: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 3020 2020 2020 ). num0 \n+00039830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039840: 2020 2020 2030 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 0 (numeric \n+00039850: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+00039860: 7065 7269 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 period \n+00039870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e 2020 286e . (n\n+00039880: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+00039890: 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 6e64 2020 2020 2020 numend \n 000398a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000398b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 6420 286e 756d End (num\n-000398c0: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-000398d0: 2020 6e75 6d64 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 numdown \n-000398e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000398f0: 446f 776e 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 Down (numeric ke\n-00039900: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7067 ypad). numpg\n-00039910: 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 down \n-00039920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 446f Page Do\n-00039930: 776e 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 wn (numeric keyp\n-00039940: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6c65 6674 ad). numleft\n+000398b0: 2020 456e 6420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b End (numeric k\n+000398c0: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d64 eypad). numd\n+000398d0: 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 own \n+000398e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 776e 2028 Down (\n+000398f0: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+00039900: 2020 2020 206e 756d 7067 646f 776e 2020 numpgdown \n+00039910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039920: 2020 2050 6167 6520 446f 776e 2028 6e75 Page Down (nu\n+00039930: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+00039940: 2020 206e 756d 6c65 6674 2020 2020 2020 numleft \n 00039950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039960: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6566 7420 286e 756d Left (num\n-00039970: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-00039980: 2020 6e75 6d63 656e 7465 7220 2020 2020 numcenter \n-00039990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000399a0: 3520 7769 7468 204e 756d 204c 6f63 6b20 5 with Num Lock \n-000399b0: 696e 6163 7469 7665 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 inactive (numeri\n-000399c0: 630a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 c. \n-000399d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000399e0: 2020 2020 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 keypad). \n-000399f0: 2020 6e75 6d72 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 numright \n-00039a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039a10: 5269 6768 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b Right (numeric k\n-00039a20: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d68 eypad). numh\n-00039a30: 6f6d 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ome \n-00039a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 6d65 2028 Home (\n-00039a50: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-00039a60: 2020 2020 206e 756d 7570 2020 2020 2020 numup \n-00039a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039a80: 2020 2055 7020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b Up (numeric k\n-00039a90: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 eypad). nump\n-00039aa0: 6775 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 gup \n-00039ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2055 Page U\n-00039ac0: 7020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 p (numeric keypa\n-00039ad0: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d69 6e73 6572 d). numinser\n-00039ae0: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n-00039af0: 2020 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 2028 6e75 Insert (nu\n-00039b00: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-00039b10: 2020 206e 756d 6465 6c65 7465 2020 2020 numdelete \n-00039b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039b30: 2044 656c 6574 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 Delete (numeric\n-00039b40: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-00039b50: 6d61 7374 6572 6973 6b20 2020 2020 2020 masterisk \n-00039b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2a20 286e * (n\n-00039b70: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-00039b80: 2020 2020 6e75 6d6d 696e 7573 2020 2020 numminus \n-00039b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039ba0: 2020 2d20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 - (numeric key\n-00039bb0: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6c75 pad). numplu\n-00039bc0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s \n-00039bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2b20 286e 756d 6572 + (numer\n-00039be0: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-00039bf0: 6e75 6d73 6c61 7368 2020 2020 2020 2020 numslash \n-00039c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f20 / \n-00039c10: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n-00039c20: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 6e74 6572 2020 . numenter \n-00039c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039c40: 2020 2020 456e 7465 7220 286e 756d 6572 Enter (numer\n-00039c50: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-00039c60: 6465 6c65 7465 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 delete \n-00039c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4465 De\n-00039c80: 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7365 7274 lete. insert\n+00039960: 204c 6566 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b Left (numeric k\n+00039970: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d63 eypad). numc\n+00039980: 656e 7465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enter \n+00039990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3520 7769 7468 5 with\n+000399a0: 204e 756d 204c 6f63 6b20 696e 6163 7469 Num Lock inacti\n+000399b0: 7665 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 630a 2020 2020 ve (numeric. \n+000399c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000399d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b k\n+000399e0: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d72 eypad). numr\n+000399f0: 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ight \n+00039a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5269 6768 7420 Right \n+00039a10: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+00039a20: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d68 6f6d 6520 2020 . numhome \n+00039a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039a40: 2020 2020 486f 6d65 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 Home (numeri\n+00039a50: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n+00039a60: 756d 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 umup \n+00039a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 7020 Up \n+00039a80: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+00039a90: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6775 7020 2020 . numpgup \n+00039aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039ab0: 2020 2020 5061 6765 2055 7020 286e 756d Page Up (num\n+00039ac0: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+00039ad0: 2020 6e75 6d69 6e73 6572 7420 2020 2020 numinsert \n+00039ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039af0: 496e 7365 7274 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 Insert (numeric \n+00039b00: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+00039b10: 6465 6c65 7465 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 delete \n+00039b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 656c 6574 Delet\n+00039b30: 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 e (numeric keypa\n+00039b40: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d61 7374 6572 d). numaster\n+00039b50: 6973 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 isk \n+00039b60: 2020 2020 2020 2a20 286e 756d 6572 6963 * (numeric\n+00039b70: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+00039b80: 6d6d 696e 7573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mminus \n+00039b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d20 286e - (n\n+00039ba0: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+00039bb0: 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6c75 7320 2020 2020 numplus \n+00039bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039bd0: 2020 2b20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 + (numeric key\n+00039be0: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d73 6c61 pad). numsla\n+00039bf0: 7368 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sh \n+00039c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f20 286e 756d 6572 / (numer\n+00039c10: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n+00039c20: 6e75 6d65 6e74 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 numenter \n+00039c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e En\n+00039c40: 7465 7220 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 ter (numeric key\n+00039c50: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6c65 7465 pad). delete\n+00039c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 0a20 Delete. \n+00039c80: 2020 2020 696e 7365 7274 2020 2020 2020 insert \n 00039c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 0a20 Insert. \n-00039cb0: 2020 2020 686f 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 home \n-00039cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039cd0: 2020 486f 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6420 Home. end \n+00039ca0: 2020 496e 7365 7274 0a20 2020 2020 686f Insert. ho\n+00039cb0: 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 me \n+00039cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 6d65 Home\n+00039cd0: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6420 2020 2020 2020 . end \n 00039ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 456e 640a 2020 End. \n-00039d00: 2020 2070 6764 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 pgdown \n-00039d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039d20: 2050 6167 6520 446f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 Page Down. \n-00039d30: 7067 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 pgup \n-00039d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 Pa\n-00039d50: 6765 2055 700a 2020 2020 2064 6f77 6e20 ge Up. down \n+00039cf0: 2020 2020 456e 640a 2020 2020 2070 6764 End. pgd\n+00039d00: 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 own \n+00039d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 Page \n+00039d20: 446f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 7067 7570 2020 Down. pgup \n+00039d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2055 700a Page Up.\n+00039d50: 2020 2020 2064 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 down \n 00039d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f77 6e0a 2020 Down. \n-00039d80: 2020 2075 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up \n-00039d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039da0: 2055 700a 2020 2020 206c 6566 7420 2020 Up. left \n+00039d70: 2020 2044 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 7020 Down. up \n+00039d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 700a 2020 Up. \n+00039da0: 2020 206c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 left \n 00039db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039dc0: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6566 740a 2020 2020 Left. \n-00039dd0: 2072 6967 6874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 right \n-00039de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n-00039df0: 6967 6874 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 7320 7765 ight.. As we\n-00039e00: 6c6c 2061 7320 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 ll as keystrokes\n-00039e10: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 , the ...sendkey\n-00039e20: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7461 6b65 ... command take\n-00039e30: 7320 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e s various option\n-00039e40: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 6166 6665 s. that affe\n-00039e50: 6374 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 ct the BIOS keyb\n-00039e60: 6f61 7264 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 oard status flag\n-00039e70: 732e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e s. These option\n-00039e80: 7320 7461 6b65 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 s take an. .\n-00039e90: 8098 6f6e e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6f66 ..on... or ...of\n-00039ea0: 66e2 8099 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2c20 f... parameter, \n-00039eb0: 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6861 7420 specifying that \n-00039ec0: 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e the correspondin\n-00039ed0: 6720 7374 6174 7573 0a20 2020 2020 666c g status. fl\n-00039ee0: 6167 2062 6520 7365 7420 6f72 2075 6e73 ag be set or uns\n-00039ef0: 6574 3b20 6f6d 6974 7469 6e67 2074 6865 et; omitting the\n-00039f00: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6120 6769 option for a gi\n-00039f10: 7665 6e20 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 670a ven status flag.\n-00039f20: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6c65 6176 6520 will leave \n-00039f30: 7468 6174 2066 6c61 6720 6174 2069 7473 that flag at its\n-00039f40: 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2073 7461 7465 2061 initial state a\n-00039f50: 7420 626f 6f74 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 t boot. The ...\n-00039f60: 2d2d 6e75 6de2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 --num...,. .\n-00039f70: 8098 2d2d 6361 7073 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ..--caps..., ...\n-00039f80: 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c e280 992c 2061 6e64 --scroll..., and\n-00039f90: 20e2 8098 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 e280 9920 ...--insert... \n-00039fa0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 656d 756c 6174 6520 options emulate \n-00039fb0: 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 setting the. \n-00039fc0: 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 206d corresponding m\n-00039fd0: 6f64 652c 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 20e2 ode, while the .\n-00039fe0: 8098 2d2d 6e75 6d6b 6579 e280 992c 20e2 ..--numkey..., .\n-00039ff0: 8098 2d2d 6361 7073 6b65 79e2 8099 2c0a ..--capskey...,.\n-0003a000: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c ...--scroll\n-0003a010: 6b65 79e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d key..., and ...-\n-0003a020: 2d69 6e73 6572 746b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 -insertkey... op\n-0003a030: 7469 6f6e 7320 656d 756c 6174 6520 7072 tions emulate pr\n-0003a040: 6573 7369 6e67 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 essing and. \n-0003a050: 686f 6c64 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 7272 holding the corr\n-0003a060: 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 6b65 792e 2020 esponding key. \n-0003a070: 5468 6520 6f74 6865 7220 7374 6174 7573 The other status\n-0003a080: 2066 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 flag options ar\n-0003a090: 650a 2020 2020 2073 656c 662d 6578 706c e. self-expl\n-0003a0a0: 616e 6174 6f72 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 anatory... I\n-0003a0b0: 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 6c65 f the ...--no-le\n-0003a0c0: 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2067 d... option is g\n-0003a0d0: 6976 656e 2c20 7468 6520 7374 6174 7573 iven, the status\n-0003a0e0: 2066 6c61 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 flag options wi\n-0003a0f0: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6861 7665 206e 6f20 ll. have no \n-0003a100: 6566 6665 6374 206f 6e20 6b65 7962 6f61 effect on keyboa\n-0003a110: 7264 204c 4544 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 rd LEDs... I\n-0003a120: 6620 7468 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 f the ...sendkey\n-0003a130: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2067 ... command is g\n-0003a140: 6976 656e 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 7469 iven multiple ti\n-0003a150: 6d65 732c 2074 6865 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2074 mes, then only t\n-0003a160: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7374 2069 6e76 he. last inv\n-0003a170: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6861 7320 616e 7920 ocation has any \n-0003a180: 6566 6665 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5369 effect... Si\n-0003a190: 6e63 6520 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 nce ...sendkey..\n-0003a1a0: 9920 6d61 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 7320 7468 . manipulates th\n-0003a1b0: 6520 4249 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 e BIOS keyboard \n-0003a1c0: 6275 6666 6572 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2063 buffer, it may c\n-0003a1d0: 6175 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e67 732c ause. hangs,\n-0003a1e0: 2072 6562 6f6f 7473 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 reboots, or oth\n-0003a1f0: 6572 206d 6973 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 er misbehaviour \n-0003a200: 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 656d 732e on some systems.\n-0003a210: 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 If the. op\n-0003a220: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206f erating system o\n-0003a230: 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7468 r boot loader th\n-0003a240: 6174 2072 756e 7320 6166 7465 7220 4752 at runs after GR\n-0003a250: 5542 2075 7365 7320 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a UB uses its own.\n-0003a260: 2020 2020 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6472 keyboard dr\n-0003a270: 6976 6572 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e iver rather than\n-0003a280: 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 the BIOS keyboa\n-0003a290: 7264 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 rd functions, th\n-0003a2a0: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 656e 646b en. ...sendk\n-0003a2b0: 6579 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 ey... will have \n-0003a2c0: 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 no effect... \n-0003a2d0: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 This command is\n-0003a2e0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 only available \n-0003a2f0: 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 on PC BIOS syste\n-0003a300: 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ms.....File: gru\n-0003a310: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n-0003a320: 6574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 3173 et, Next: sha1s\n-0003a330: 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 656e 646b um, Prev: sendk\n-0003a340: 6579 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ey, Up: Command\n-0003a350: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0003a360: 3137 2e34 2e36 3720 7365 740a 2d2d 2d2d 17.4.67 set.----\n-0003a370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0003a380: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 7420 5b65 6e76 7661 mand: set [envva\n-0003a390: 723d 7661 6c75 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5365 r=value]. Se\n-0003a3a0: 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e t the environmen\n-0003a3b0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 4e56 5641 t variable ENVVA\n-0003a3c0: 5220 746f 2056 414c 5545 2e20 2049 6620 R to VALUE. If \n-0003a3d0: 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 206e 6f0a invoked with no.\n-0003a3e0: 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 arguments, \n-0003a3f0: 7072 696e 7420 616c 6c20 656e 7669 726f print all enviro\n-0003a400: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 nment variables \n-0003a410: 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 2076 616c 7565 with their value\n-0003a420: 732e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 s. For. the\n-0003a430: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e list of environ\n-0003a440: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2063 ment variables c\n-0003a450: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6279 urrently used by\n-0003a460: 2047 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 2073 6565 GRUB itself see\n-0003a470: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7265 6c65 7661 . the releva\n-0003a480: 6e74 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 202a 6e6f 7465 nt section *note\n-0003a490: 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 3a3a 2e0a Environment::..\n-0003a4a0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0003a4b0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3173 fo, Node: sha1s\n-0003a4c0: 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 3235 um, Next: sha25\n-0003a4d0: 3673 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6574 6sum, Prev: set\n-0003a4e0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0003a4f0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0003a500: 2e34 2e36 3820 7368 6131 7375 6d0a 2d2d .4.68 sha1sum.--\n-0003a510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003a520: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6131 -- Command: sha1\n-0003a530: 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 sum arg .... \n-0003a540: 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 Alias for ...ha\n-0003a550: 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 shsum --hash sha\n-0003a560: 3120 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 1 arg ....... S\n-0003a570: 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 ee command ...ha\n-0003a580: 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a shsum.... (*\n-0003a590: 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 note hashsum::) \n-0003a5a0: 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 for full descrip\n-0003a5b0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n-0003a5c0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003a5d0: 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 204e 6578 sha256sum, Nex\n-0003a5e0: 743a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 2050 t: sha512sum, P\n-0003a5f0: 7265 763a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 2055 rev: sha1sum, U\n-0003a600: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-0003a610: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 commands..17.4.6\n-0003a620: 3920 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 9 sha256sum.----\n-0003a630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003a640: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6132 -- Command: sha2\n-0003a650: 3536 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 56sum arg .... \n-0003a660: 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 Alias for ...\n-0003a670: 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 hashsum --hash s\n-0003a680: 6861 3235 3620 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 ha256 arg ......\n-0003a690: 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 . See command .\n-0003a6a0: 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 ..hashsum.... \n-0003a6b0: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d (*note hashsum\n-0003a6c0: 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 ::) for full des\n-0003a6d0: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c cription.....Fil\n-0003a6e0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003a6f0: 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 ode: sha512sum, \n-0003a700: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 2050 Next: sleep, P\n-0003a710: 7265 763a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 rev: sha256sum, \n-0003a720: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-0003a730: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-0003a740: 2e37 3020 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d0a 2d2d .70 sha512sum.--\n-0003a750: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0003a760: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 . -- Command: sh\n-0003a770: 6135 3132 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a a512sum arg ....\n-0003a780: 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 Alias for .\n-0003a790: 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 ..hashsum --hash\n-0003a7a0: 2073 6861 3531 3220 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 sha512 arg ....\n-0003a7b0: 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ... See command\n-0003a7c0: 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 ...hashsum.... \n-0003a7d0: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 (*note hashs\n-0003a7e0: 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 um::) for full d\n-0003a7f0: 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 escription.....F\n-0003a800: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003a810: 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 204e Node: sleep, N\n-0003a820: 6578 743a 2073 6d62 696f 732c 2020 5072 ext: smbios, Pr\n-0003a830: 6576 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 ev: sha512sum, \n-0003a840: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0003a850: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0003a860: 3731 2073 6c65 6570 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 71 sleep.-------\n-0003a870: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003a880: 616e 643a 2073 6c65 6570 205b 2d2d 7665 and: sleep [--ve\n-0003a890: 7262 6f73 655d 205b 2d2d 696e 7465 7272 rbose] [--interr\n-0003a8a0: 7570 7469 626c 655d 2063 6f75 6e74 0a20 uptible] count. \n-0003a8b0: 2020 2020 536c 6565 7020 666f 7220 434f Sleep for CO\n-0003a8c0: 554e 5420 7365 636f 6e64 732e 2020 4966 UNT seconds. If\n-0003a8d0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d69 6e74 option ...--int\n-0003a8e0: 6572 7275 7074 6962 6c65 e280 9920 6973 erruptible... is\n-0003a8f0: 2067 6976 656e 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6c6c given,. all\n-0003a900: 6f77 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 3c45 5343 ow pressing , or holdi\n-0003a920: 6e67 2064 6f77 6e20 3c53 4849 4654 3e20 ng down \n-0003a930: 746f 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 0a20 2020 to interrupt. \n-0003a940: 2020 736c 6565 702e 2020 5769 7468 20e2 sleep. With .\n-0003a950: 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 2073 ..--verbose... s\n-0003a960: 686f 7720 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 6f66 how countdown of\n-0003a970: 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 6563 6f6e remaining secon\n-0003a980: 6473 2e20 2045 7869 740a 2020 2020 2063 ds. Exit. c\n-0003a990: 6f64 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 ode is set to 0 \n-0003a9a0: 6966 2074 696d 656f 7574 2065 7870 6972 if timeout expir\n-0003a9b0: 6564 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 3120 6966 2074 ed and to 1 if t\n-0003a9c0: 696d 656f 7574 2077 6173 0a20 2020 2020 imeout was. \n-0003a9d0: 696e 7465 7272 7570 7465 6420 7573 696e interrupted usin\n-0003a9e0: 6720 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e g any of the men\n-0003a9f0: 7469 6f6e 6564 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a tioned keys.....\n-0003aa00: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003aa10: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 2c20 Node: smbios, \n-0003aa20: 204e 6578 743a 2073 6f75 7263 652c 2020 Next: source, \n-0003aa30: 5072 6576 3a20 736c 6565 702c 2020 5570 Prev: sleep, Up\n-0003aa40: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0003aa50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3732 ommands..17.4.72\n-0003aa60: 2073 6d62 696f 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d smbios.--------\n-0003aa70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003aa80: 616e 643a 2073 6d62 696f 7320 5b2d 2d74 and: smbios [--t\n-0003aa90: 7970 6520 5459 5045 5d20 5b2d 2d68 616e ype TYPE] [--han\n-0003aaa0: 646c 6520 4841 4e44 4c45 5d20 5b2d 2d6d dle HANDLE] [--m\n-0003aab0: 6174 6368 204d 4154 4348 5d0a 2020 2020 atch MATCH]. \n-0003aac0: 2020 2020 2020 282d 2d67 6574 2d62 7974 (--get-byt\n-0003aad0: 6520 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 776f 7264 207c e | --get-word |\n-0003aae0: 202d 2d67 6574 2d64 776f 7264 207c 202d --get-dword | -\n-0003aaf0: 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 207c 0a20 2020 -get-qword |. \n-0003ab00: 2020 2020 2020 202d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 --get-str\n-0003ab10: 696e 6720 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 7575 6964 ing | --get-uuid\n-0003ab20: 2920 4f46 4653 4554 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 ) OFFSET [--set \n-0003ab30: 5641 5249 4142 4c45 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 VARIABLE]. R\n-0003ab40: 6574 7269 6576 6520 534d 4249 4f53 2069 etrieve SMBIOS i\n-0003ab50: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 nformation... \n-0003ab60: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9873 6d62 696f 73e2 The ...smbios.\n-0003ab70: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 .. command retur\n-0003ab80: 6e73 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 ns the value of \n-0003ab90: 6120 6669 656c 6420 696e 2061 6e20 534d a field in an SM\n-0003aba0: 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 BIOS. struct\n-0003abb0: 7572 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ure. The follow\n-0003abc0: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 ing options dete\n-0003abd0: 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 7374 7275 rmine which stru\n-0003abe0: 6374 7572 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 cture to. se\n-0003abf0: 6c65 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 lect... .\n-0003ac00: 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 .. Specifying ..\n-0003ac10: 982d 2d74 7970 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 .--type... will \n-0003ac20: 7365 6c65 6374 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 select structure\n-0003ac30: 7320 7769 7468 2061 206d 6174 6368 696e s with a matchin\n-0003ac40: 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5459 5045 g. TYPE\n-0003ac50: 2e20 2054 6865 2074 7970 6520 6361 6e20 . The type can \n-0003ac60: 6265 2061 6e79 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2066 be any integer f\n-0003ac70: 726f 6d20 3020 746f 2032 3535 2e0a 2020 rom 0 to 255.. \n-0003ac80: 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5370 6563 6966 ... Specif\n-0003ac90: 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d 6861 6e64 6c65 ying ...--handle\n-0003aca0: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 ... will select \n-0003acb0: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2077 6974 6820 structures with \n-0003acc0: 6120 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 a matching. \n-0003acd0: 2020 2020 2048 414e 444c 452e 2020 5468 HANDLE. Th\n-0003ace0: 6520 6861 6e64 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 e handle can be \n-0003acf0: 616e 7920 696e 7465 6765 7220 6672 6f6d any integer from\n-0003ad00: 2030 2074 6f20 3635 3533 352e 0a20 2020 0 to 65535.. \n-0003ad10: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 ... Specify\n-0003ad20: 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d6d 6174 6368 e280 ing ...--match..\n-0003ad30: 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 . will select st\n-0003ad40: 7275 6374 7572 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 204d ructure number M\n-0003ad50: 4154 4348 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ATCH in the. \n-0003ad60: 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206c filtered l\n-0003ad70: 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 ist of structure\n-0003ad80: 733b 2065 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 736d 6269 s; e.g. ...smbi\n-0003ad90: 6f73 202d 2d74 7970 6520 3420 2d2d 6d61 os --type 4 --ma\n-0003ada0: 7463 6820 32e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 tch 2.... \n-0003adb0: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2074 will select t\n-0003adc0: 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 5072 6f63 6573 he second Proces\n-0003add0: 7320 496e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 2854 s Information (T\n-0003ade0: 7970 6520 3429 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 ype 4) structure\n-0003adf0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 .. The \n-0003ae00: 6c69 7374 2069 7320 616c 7761 7973 206f list is always o\n-0003ae10: 7264 6572 6564 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 rdered the same \n-0003ae20: 6173 2074 6865 2068 6172 6477 6172 6527 as the hardware'\n-0003ae30: 7320 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 2020 s SMBIOS. \n-0003ae40: 2020 2074 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 206d table. The m\n-0003ae50: 6174 6368 206e 756d 6265 7220 6d75 7374 atch number must\n-0003ae60: 2062 6520 6120 706f 7369 7469 7665 2069 be a positive i\n-0003ae70: 6e74 6567 6572 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 nteger. If. \n-0003ae80: 2020 2020 2020 756e 7370 6563 6966 6965 unspecifie\n-0003ae90: 642c 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 206d 6174 d, the first mat\n-0003aea0: 6368 696e 6720 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 ching structure \n-0003aeb0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 will be selected\n-0003aec0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 ... The rema\n-0003aed0: 696e 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 ining options de\n-0003aee0: 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 6669 termine which fi\n-0003aef0: 656c 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 eld in the selec\n-0003af00: 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 ted SMBIOS. \n-0003af10: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 746f 2072 6574 structure to ret\n-0003af20: 7572 6e2e 2020 4f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206f urn. Only one o\n-0003af30: 6620 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 f these options \n-0003af40: 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 may be specified\n-0003af50: 2061 740a 2020 2020 2061 2074 696d 652e at. a time.\n-0003af60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 .. ... Wh\n-0003af70: 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 en given ...--ge\n-0003af80: 742d 6279 7465 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 t-byte..., retur\n-0003af90: 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 n the value of t\n-0003afa0: 6865 2062 7974 6520 6174 0a20 2020 2020 he byte at. \n-0003afb0: 2020 2020 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 OFFSET byte\n-0003afc0: 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 s into the selec\n-0003afd0: 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 ted SMBIOS struc\n-0003afe0: 7475 7265 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 ture. It will b\n-0003aff0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 726d e. form\n-0003b000: 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 atted as an unsi\n-0003b010: 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 gned decimal int\n-0003b020: 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 eger.. ..\n-0003b030: a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 . When given ...\n-0003b040: 2d2d 6765 742d 776f 7264 e280 992c 2072 --get-word..., r\n-0003b050: 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 eturn the value \n-0003b060: 6f66 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2874 776f of the word (two\n-0003b070: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 . bytes\n-0003b080: 2920 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 ) at OFFSET byte\n-0003b090: 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 s into the selec\n-0003b0a0: 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 ted SMBIOS struc\n-0003b0b0: 7475 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 ture. It. \n-0003b0c0: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d will be form\n-0003b0d0: 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 atted as an unsi\n-0003b0e0: 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 gned decimal int\n-0003b0f0: 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 eger.. ..\n-0003b100: a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 . When given ...\n-0003b110: 2d2d 6765 742d 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 2c20 --get-dword..., \n-0003b120: 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 return the value\n-0003b130: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6477 6f72 6420 2866 of the dword (f\n-0003b140: 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 our. by\n-0003b150: 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 tes) at OFFSET b\n-0003b160: 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 ytes into the se\n-0003b170: 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 lected SMBIOS st\n-0003b180: 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 ructure. It. \n-0003b190: 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 will be f\n-0003b1a0: 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e 2075 ormatted as an u\n-0003b1b0: 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 nsigned decimal \n-0003b1c0: 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 integer.. \n-0003b1d0: 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 ... When given \n-0003b1e0: e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d71 776f 7264 e280 ...--get-qword..\n-0003b1f0: 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 ., return the va\n-0003b200: 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2071 776f 7264 lue of the qword\n-0003b210: 2028 6569 6768 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 (eight. \n-0003b220: 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 bytes) at OFFS\n-0003b230: 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 ET bytes into th\n-0003b240: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f e selected SMBIO\n-0003b250: 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 S structure. It\n-0003b260: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 . will \n-0003b270: 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 be formatted as \n-0003b280: 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 an unsigned deci\n-0003b290: 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 mal integer.. \n-0003b2a0: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 ... When gi\n-0003b2b0: 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 ven ...--get-str\n-0003b2c0: 696e 67e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 ing..., return t\n-0003b2d0: 6865 2073 7472 696e 6720 7769 7468 2069 he string with i\n-0003b2e0: 7473 2069 6e64 6578 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ts index. \n-0003b2f0: 2020 2066 6f75 6e64 2061 7420 4f46 4653 found at OFFS\n-0003b300: 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 ET bytes into th\n-0003b310: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f e selected SMBIO\n-0003b320: 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 0a20 2020 S structure.. \n-0003b330: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 ... When gi\n-0003b340: 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d75 7569 ven ...--get-uui\n-0003b350: 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 d..., return the\n-0003b360: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 5555 value of the UU\n-0003b370: 4944 2028 7369 7874 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 ID (sixteen. \n-0003b380: 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 bytes) at \n-0003b390: 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 OFFSET bytes int\n-0003b3a0: 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 o the selected S\n-0003b3b0: 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e MBIOS structure.\n-0003b3c0: 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 It. w\n-0003b3d0: 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 ill be formatted\n-0003b3e0: 2061 7320 6c6f 7765 722d 6361 7365 2068 as lower-case h\n-0003b3f0: 7970 6865 6e61 7465 6420 6865 7861 6465 yphenated hexade\n-0003b400: 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 2c0a 2020 cimal digits,. \n-0003b410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 with the\n-0003b420: 2066 6972 7374 2074 6872 6565 2066 6965 first three fie\n-0003b430: 6c64 7320 6173 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e lds as little-en\n-0003b440: 6469 616e 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 dian, and the re\n-0003b450: 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 7269 st. pri\n-0003b460: 6e74 6564 2062 7974 652d 6279 2d62 7974 nted byte-by-byt\n-0003b470: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 e... The def\n-0003b480: 6175 6c74 2061 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 ault action is t\n-0003b490: 6f20 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7661 6c75 o print the valu\n-0003b4a0: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6571 7565 7374 e of the request\n-0003b4b0: 6564 2066 6965 6c64 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 ed field to. \n-0003b4c0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 6275 the console, bu\n-0003b4d0: 7420 6120 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d t a variable nam\n-0003b4e0: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 e can be specifi\n-0003b4f0: 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d73 6574 ed with ...--set\n-0003b500: e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6f72 ... to. stor\n-0003b510: 6520 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 696e 7374 e the value inst\n-0003b520: 6561 6420 6f66 2070 7269 6e74 696e 6720 ead of printing \n-0003b530: 6974 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 it... For ex\n-0003b540: 616d 706c 652c 2074 6869 7320 7769 6c6c ample, this will\n-0003b550: 2073 746f 7265 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 store and then \n-0003b560: 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7379 7374 display the syst\n-0003b570: 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 em. manufact\n-0003b580: 7572 6572 2773 206e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 urer's name... \n-0003b590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 736d 6269 6f73 202d smbios -\n-0003b5a0: 2d74 7970 6520 3120 2d2d 6765 742d 7374 -type 1 --get-st\n-0003b5b0: 7269 6e67 2034 202d 2d73 6574 2073 7973 ring 4 --set sys\n-0003b5c0: 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 7572 6572 tem_manufacturer\n-0003b5d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6368 6f20 . echo \n-0003b5e0: 2473 7973 7465 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 $system_manufact\n-0003b5f0: 7572 6572 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 urer....File: gr\n-0003b600: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0003b610: 736f 7572 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 source, Next: t\n-0003b620: 6573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 736d 6269 est, Prev: smbi\n-0003b630: 6f73 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 os, Up: Command\n-0003b640: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0003b650: 3137 2e34 2e37 3320 736f 7572 6365 0a2d 17.4.73 source.-\n-0003b660: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003b670: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 736f 7572 -- Command: sour\n-0003b680: 6365 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2052 6561 ce file. Rea\n-0003b690: 6420 4649 4c45 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e66 d FILE as a conf\n-0003b6a0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 iguration file, \n-0003b6b0: 6173 2069 6620 6974 7320 636f 6e74 656e as if its conten\n-0003b6c0: 7473 2068 6164 2062 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 ts had been. \n-0003b6d0: 2069 6e63 6f72 706f 7261 7465 6420 6469 incorporated di\n-0003b6e0: 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 rectly into the \n-0003b6f0: 736f 7572 6369 6e67 2066 696c 652e 2020 sourcing file. \n-0003b700: 556e 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 Unlike ...config\n-0003b710: 6669 6c65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e file.... (*n\n-0003b720: 6f74 6520 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a3a ote configfile::\n-0003b730: 292c 2074 6869 7320 6578 6563 7574 6573 ), this executes\n-0003b740: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n-0003b750: 2046 494c 4520 7769 7468 6f75 740a 2020 FILE without. \n-0003b760: 2020 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 636f 6e74 changing cont\n-0003b770: 6578 743a 2061 6e79 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e ext: any environ\n-0003b780: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 ment variable ch\n-0003b790: 616e 6765 7320 6d61 6465 2062 7920 7468 anges made by th\n-0003b7a0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 e. commands \n-0003b7b0: 696e 2046 494c 4520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 in FILE will be \n-0003b7c0: 7072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 preserved after \n-0003b7d0: e280 9873 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 2072 6574 ...source... ret\n-0003b7e0: 7572 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 urns, and the. \n-0003b7f0: 2020 206d 656e 7520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 menu will not\n-0003b800: 2062 6520 7368 6f77 6e20 696d 6d65 6469 be shown immedi\n-0003b810: 6174 656c 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ately.....File: \n-0003b820: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0003b830: 3a20 7465 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 : test, Next: t\n-0003b840: 7275 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 736f 7572 rue, Prev: sour\n-0003b850: 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ce, Up: Command\n-0003b860: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0003b870: 3137 2e34 2e37 3420 7465 7374 0a2d 2d2d 17.4.74 test.---\n-0003b880: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003b890: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 7374 2065 7870 ommand: test exp\n-0003b8a0: 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2045 7661 ression. Eva\n-0003b8b0: 6c75 6174 6520 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e luate EXPRESSION\n-0003b8c0: 2061 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7a65 726f and return zero\n-0003b8d0: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 6620 exit status if \n-0003b8e0: 7265 7375 6c74 2069 7320 7472 7565 2c0a result is true,.\n-0003b8f0: 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 207a 6572 6f20 7374 non zero st\n-0003b900: 6174 7573 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2e0a atus otherwise..\n-0003b910: 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e . EXPRESSION\n-0003b920: 2069 7320 6f6e 6520 6f66 3a0a 0a20 2020 is one of:.. \n-0003b930: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 983d 3de2 STRING1 ...==.\n-0003b940: 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 .. STRING2. \n-0003b950: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 the strings\n-0003b960: 2061 7265 2065 7175 616c 0a20 2020 2020 are equal. \n-0003b970: 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 9821 3de2 8099 STRING1 ...!=...\n-0003b980: 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 STRING2. \n-0003b990: 2020 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 the strings a\n-0003b9a0: 7265 206e 6f74 2065 7175 616c 0a20 2020 re not equal. \n-0003b9b0: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 983c e280 STRING1 ...<..\n-0003b9c0: 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 . STRING2. \n-0003b9d0: 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c STRING1 is l\n-0003b9e0: 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 exicographically\n-0003b9f0: 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e less than STRIN\n-0003ba00: 4732 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 G2. STRING1 \n-0003ba10: e280 983c 3de2 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 ...<=... STRING2\n-0003ba20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e . STRIN\n-0003ba30: 4731 2069 7320 6c65 7869 636f 6772 6170 G1 is lexicograp\n-0003ba40: 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 6c65 7373 206f 7220 hically less or \n-0003ba50: 6571 7561 6c20 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e equal than STRIN\n-0003ba60: 4732 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 G2. STRING1 \n-0003ba70: e280 983e e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a ...>... STRING2.\n-0003ba80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 STRING\n-0003ba90: 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 1 is lexicograph\n-0003baa0: 6963 616c 6c79 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 ically greater t\n-0003bab0: 6861 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 han STRING2. \n-0003bac0: 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 8098 3e3d e280 STRING1 ...>=..\n-0003bad0: 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 . STRING2. \n-0003bae0: 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c STRING1 is l\n-0003baf0: 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 exicographically\n-0003bb00: 2067 7265 6174 6572 206f 7220 6571 7561 greater or equa\n-0003bb10: 6c20 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 l than STRING2. \n-0003bb20: 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 8098 INTEGER1 ...\n-0003bb30: 2d65 71e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a -eq... INTEGER2.\n-0003bb40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 INTEGE\n-0003bb50: 5231 2069 7320 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 R1 is equal to I\n-0003bb60: 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 NTEGER2. INT\n-0003bb70: 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 6765 e280 9920 EGER1 ...-ge... \n-0003bb80: 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n-0003bb90: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 2067 INTEGER1 is g\n-0003bba0: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 reater than or e\n-0003bbb0: 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 qual to INTEGER2\n-0003bbc0: 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 . INTEGER1 .\n-0003bbd0: 8098 2d67 74e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 4552 ..-gt... INTEGER\n-0003bbe0: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 2. INTE\n-0003bbf0: 4745 5231 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 GER1 is greater \n-0003bc00: 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 than INTEGER2. \n-0003bc10: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d INTEGER1 ...-\n-0003bc20: 6c65 e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 le... INTEGER2. \n-0003bc30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 INTEGER\n-0003bc40: 3120 6973 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f 1 is less than o\n-0003bc50: 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 4547 r equal to INTEG\n-0003bc60: 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 ER2. INTEGER\n-0003bc70: 3120 e280 982d 6c74 e280 9920 494e 5445 1 ...-lt... INTE\n-0003bc80: 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 GER2. I\n-0003bc90: 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 206c 6573 7320 NTEGER1 is less \n-0003bca0: 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 than INTEGER2. \n-0003bcb0: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d INTEGER1 ...-\n-0003bcc0: 6e65 e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 ne... INTEGER2. \n-0003bcd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 INTEGER\n-0003bce0: 3120 6973 206e 6f74 2065 7175 616c 2074 1 is not equal t\n-0003bcf0: 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 o INTEGER2. \n-0003bd00: 5052 4546 4958 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 PREFIXINTEGER1 .\n-0003bd10: 8098 2d70 6774 e280 9920 5052 4546 4958 ..-pgt... PREFIX\n-0003bd20: 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n-0003bd30: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 2067 INTEGER1 is g\n-0003bd40: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 494e 5445 reater than INTE\n-0003bd50: 4745 5232 2061 6674 6572 2073 7472 6970 GER2 after strip\n-0003bd60: 7069 6e67 206f 6666 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e0a ping off common.\n-0003bd70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6e75 non-nu\n-0003bd80: 6d65 7269 6320 5052 4546 4958 2e0a 2020 meric PREFIX.. \n-0003bd90: 2020 2050 5245 4649 5849 4e54 4547 4552 PREFIXINTEGER\n-0003bda0: 3120 e280 982d 706c 74e2 8099 2050 5245 1 ...-plt... PRE\n-0003bdb0: 4649 5849 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 FIXINTEGER2. \n-0003bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 INTEGER1 i\n-0003bdd0: 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 494e 5445 s less than INTE\n-0003bde0: 4745 5232 2061 6674 6572 2073 7472 6970 GER2 after strip\n-0003bdf0: 7069 6e67 206f 6666 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e0a ping off common.\n-0003be00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6e75 non-nu\n-0003be10: 6d65 7269 6320 5052 4546 4958 2e0a 2020 meric PREFIX.. \n-0003be20: 2020 2046 494c 4531 20e2 8098 2d6e 74e2 FILE1 ...-nt.\n-0003be30: 8099 2046 494c 4532 0a20 2020 2020 2020 .. FILE2. \n-0003be40: 2020 2046 494c 4531 2069 7320 6e65 7765 FILE1 is newe\n-0003be50: 7220 7468 616e 2046 494c 4532 2028 6d6f r than FILE2 (mo\n-0003be60: 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2074 696d 6529 dification time)\n-0003be70: 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 . Optionally. \n-0003be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 numeric \n-0003be90: 4249 4153 206d 6179 2062 6520 6469 7265 BIAS may be dire\n-0003bea0: 6374 6c79 2061 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f ctly appended to\n-0003beb0: 20e2 8098 2d6e 74e2 8099 2069 6e20 7768 ...-nt... in wh\n-0003bec0: 6963 6820 6361 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ich case. \n-0003bed0: 2020 2069 7420 6973 2061 6464 6564 2074 it is added t\n-0003bee0: 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6669 6c65 o the first file\n-0003bef0: 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7469 modification ti\n-0003bf00: 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 494c 4531 20e2 me.. FILE1 .\n-0003bf10: 8098 2d6f 74e2 8099 2046 494c 4532 0a20 ..-ot... FILE2. \n-0003bf20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4531 2069 FILE1 i\n-0003bf30: 7320 6f6c 6465 7220 7468 616e 2046 494c s older than FIL\n-0003bf40: 4532 2028 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e E2 (modification\n-0003bf50: 2074 696d 6529 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e61 time). Optiona\n-0003bf60: 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e75 lly. nu\n-0003bf70: 6d65 7269 6320 4249 4153 206d 6179 2062 meric BIAS may b\n-0003bf80: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 7070 656e e directly appen\n-0003bf90: 6465 6420 746f 20e2 8098 2d6f 74e2 8099 ded to ...-ot...\n-0003bfa0: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 0a20 in which case. \n-0003bfb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 2061 it is a\n-0003bfc0: 6464 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 dded to the firs\n-0003bfd0: 7420 6669 6c65 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 t file modificat\n-0003bfe0: 696f 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 ion time.. .\n-0003bff0: 8098 2d64 e280 9920 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 ..-d... FILE. \n-0003c000: 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 FILE exis\n-0003c010: 7473 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6120 6469 7265 ts and is a dire\n-0003c020: 6374 6f72 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d65 ctory. ...-e\n-0003c030: e280 9920 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ... FILE. \n-0003c040: 2020 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 7473 0a20 FILE exists. \n-0003c050: 2020 2020 e280 982d 66e2 8099 2046 494c ...-f... FIL\n-0003c060: 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 E. FILE\n-0003c070: 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 6973 206e exists and is n\n-0003c080: 6f74 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a20 ot a directory. \n-0003c090: 2020 2020 e280 982d 73e2 8099 2046 494c ...-s... FIL\n-0003c0a0: 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 E. FILE\n-0003c0b0: 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 6861 7320 exists and has \n-0003c0c0: 6120 7369 7a65 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 a size greater t\n-0003c0d0: 6861 6e20 7a65 726f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 han zero. ..\n-0003c0e0: 982d 6ee2 8099 2053 5452 494e 470a 2020 .-n... STRING. \n-0003c0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 the leng\n-0003c100: 7468 206f 6620 5354 5249 4e47 2069 7320 th of STRING is \n-0003c110: 6e6f 6e7a 6572 6f0a 2020 2020 2053 5452 nonzero. STR\n-0003c120: 494e 470a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 ING. ST\n-0003c130: 5249 4e47 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 RING is equivale\n-0003c140: 6e74 2074 6f20 e280 982d 6e20 5354 5249 nt to ...-n STRI\n-0003c150: 4e47 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d7a NG.... ...-z\n-0003c160: e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 0a20 2020 2020 ... STRING. \n-0003c170: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 656e 6774 6820 the length \n-0003c180: 6f66 2053 5452 494e 4720 6973 207a 6572 of STRING is zer\n-0003c190: 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 2045 o. ...(... E\n-0003c1a0: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 e280 9829 e280 XPRESSION ...)..\n-0003c1b0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4558 5052 .. EXPR\n-0003c1c0: 4553 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 7472 7565 0a20 ESSION is true. \n-0003c1d0: 2020 2020 e280 9821 e280 9920 4558 5052 ...!... EXPR\n-0003c1e0: 4553 5349 4f4e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ESSION. \n-0003c1f0: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 6973 2066 EXPRESSION is f\n-0003c200: 616c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 alse. EXPRES\n-0003c210: 5349 4f4e 3120 e280 982d 61e2 8099 2045 SION1 ...-a... E\n-0003c220: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 XPRESSION2. \n-0003c230: 2020 2020 2062 6f74 6820 4558 5052 4553 both EXPRES\n-0003c240: 5349 4f4e 3120 616e 6420 4558 5052 4553 SION1 and EXPRES\n-0003c250: 5349 4f4e 3220 6172 6520 7472 7565 0a20 SION2 are true. \n-0003c260: 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 EXPRESSION1 \n-0003c270: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 320a 2020 2020 EXPRESSION2. \n-0003c280: 2020 2020 2020 626f 7468 2045 5850 5245 both EXPRE\n-0003c290: 5353 494f 4e31 2061 6e64 2045 5850 5245 SSION1 and EXPRE\n-0003c2a0: 5353 494f 4e32 2061 7265 2074 7275 652e SSION2 are true.\n-0003c2b0: 2020 5468 6973 2073 796e 7461 7820 6973 This syntax is\n-0003c2c0: 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 not. P\n-0003c2d0: 4f53 4958 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2061 OSIX-compliant a\n-0003c2e0: 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7265 636f 6d6d nd is not recomm\n-0003c2f0: 656e 6465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 ended.. EXPR\n-0003c300: 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 e280 982d 6fe2 8099 ESSION1 ...-o...\n-0003c310: 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 EXPRESSION2. \n-0003c320: 2020 2020 2020 2065 6974 6865 7220 4558 either EX\n-0003c330: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 6f72 2045 5850 PRESSION1 or EXP\n-0003c340: 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2069 7320 7472 7565 RESSION2 is true\n-0003c350: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003c360: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7565 nfo, Node: true\n-0003c370: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 , Next: trust, \n-0003c380: 2050 7265 763a 2074 6573 742c 2020 5570 Prev: test, Up\n-0003c390: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0003c3a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3735 ommands..17.4.75\n-0003c3b0: 2074 7275 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d true.----------\n-0003c3c0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003c3d0: 2074 7275 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f true. Do no\n-0003c3e0: 7468 696e 672c 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 thing, successfu\n-0003c3f0: 6c6c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 lly. This is ma\n-0003c400: 696e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 inly useful in c\n-0003c410: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 ontrol. cons\n-0003c420: 7472 7563 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 tructs such as .\n-0003c430: 8098 6966 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9877 ..if... and ...w\n-0003c440: 6869 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 hile... (*note S\n-0003c450: 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 hell-like script\n-0003c460: 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ing::).....File:\n-0003c470: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003c480: 653a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: trust, Next:\n-0003c490: 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 unset, Prev: t\n-0003c4a0: 7275 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e rue, Up: Comman\n-0003c4b0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-0003c4c0: 0a31 372e 342e 3736 2074 7275 7374 0a2d .17.4.76 trust.-\n-0003c4d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0003c4e0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 7275 7374 - Command: trust\n-0003c4f0: 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d20 7075 [--skip-sig] pu\n-0003c500: 626b 6579 5f66 696c 650a 2020 2020 2052 bkey_file. R\n-0003c510: 6561 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2066 ead public key f\n-0003c520: 726f 6d20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 rom PUBKEY_FILE \n-0003c530: 616e 6420 6164 6420 6974 2074 6f20 4752 and add it to GR\n-0003c540: 5542 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c20 6c69 UB's internal li\n-0003c550: 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 7275 7374 st. of trust\n-0003c560: 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 2e20 ed public keys. \n-0003c570: 2054 6865 7365 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 These keys are \n-0003c580: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 7465 used to validate\n-0003c590: 2064 6967 6974 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 digital. si\n-0003c5a0: 676e 6174 7572 6573 2077 6865 6e20 656e gnatures when en\n-0003c5b0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-0003c5c0: 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e le ...check_sign\n-0003c5d0: 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 atures... is set\n-0003c5e0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656e 666f to. ...enfo\n-0003c5f0: 7263 65e2 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 rce.... Note th\n-0003c600: 6174 2069 6620 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 at if ...check_s\n-0003c610: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 ignatures... is \n-0003c620: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 set to ...enforc\n-0003c630: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7768 656e 20e2 e.... when .\n-0003c640: 8098 7472 7573 74e2 8099 2065 7865 6375 ..trust... execu\n-0003c650: 7465 732c 2074 6865 6e20 5055 424b 4559 tes, then PUBKEY\n-0003c660: 5f46 494c 4520 6d75 7374 2069 7473 656c _FILE must itsel\n-0003c670: 6620 6265 2070 726f 7065 726c 790a 2020 f be properly. \n-0003c680: 2020 2073 6967 6e65 642e 2020 5468 6520 signed. The \n-0003c690: e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 ...--skip-sig...\n-0003c6a0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2075 option can be u\n-0003c6b0: 7365 6420 746f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 0a20 sed to disable. \n-0003c6c0: 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 652d 6368 signature-ch\n-0003c6d0: 6563 6b69 6e67 2077 6865 6e20 7265 6164 ecking when read\n-0003c6e0: 696e 6720 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 ing PUBKEY_FILE \n-0003c6f0: 6974 7365 6c66 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2065 itself. It is e\n-0003c700: 7870 6563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6861 xpected. tha\n-0003c710: 7420 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 t ...--skip-sig.\n-0003c720: 8099 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 .. is useful for\n-0003c730: 2074 6573 7469 6e67 2061 6e64 206d 616e testing and man\n-0003c740: 7561 6c20 626f 6f74 696e 672e 2020 2a4e ual booting. *N\n-0003c750: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2055 7369 6e67 2064 ote. Using d\n-0003c760: 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 igital signature\n-0003c770: 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e s::, for more in\n-0003c780: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 formation.....Fi\n-0003c790: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003c7a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 756e 7365 742c 2020 4e65 Node: unset, Ne\n-0003c7b0: 7874 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 xt: verify_detac\n-0003c7c0: 6865 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7472 7573 hed, Prev: trus\n-0003c7d0: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n-0003c7e0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-0003c7f0: 372e 342e 3737 2075 6e73 6574 0a2d 2d2d 7.4.77 unset.---\n-0003c800: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0003c810: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2075 6e73 6574 2065 Command: unset e\n-0003c820: 6e76 7661 720a 2020 2020 2055 6e73 6574 nvvar. Unset\n-0003c830: 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 the environment\n-0003c840: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 variable ENVVAR\n-0003c850: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003c860: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2076 6572 info, Node: ver\n-0003c870: 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 204e ify_detached, N\n-0003c880: 6578 743a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 ext: videoinfo, \n-0003c890: 2050 7265 763a 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 2055 Prev: unset, U\n-0003c8a0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-0003c8b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 commands..17.4.7\n-0003c8c0: 3820 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 8 verify_detache\n-0003c8d0: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d.--------------\n-0003c8e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003c8f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 ommand: verify_d\n-0003c900: 6574 6163 6865 6420 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d etached [--skip-\n-0003c910: 7369 675d 2066 696c 6520 7369 676e 6174 sig] file signat\n-0003c920: 7572 655f 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ure_file. \n-0003c930: 2020 205b 7075 626b 6579 5f66 696c 655d [pubkey_file]\n-0003c940: 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7269 6669 6573 2061 . Verifies a\n-0003c950: 2047 5047 2d73 7479 6c65 2064 6574 6163 GPG-style detac\n-0003c960: 6865 6420 7369 676e 6174 7572 652c 2077 hed signature, w\n-0003c970: 6865 7265 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e65 6420 here the signed \n-0003c980: 6669 6c65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2046 494c file is. FIL\n-0003c990: 452c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e61 E, and the signa\n-0003c9a0: 7475 7265 2069 7473 656c 6620 6973 2069 ture itself is i\n-0003c9b0: 6e20 6669 6c65 2053 4947 4e41 5455 5245 n file SIGNATURE\n-0003c9c0: 5f46 494c 452e 0a20 2020 2020 4f70 7469 _FILE.. Opti\n-0003c9d0: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 6120 7370 6563 6966 onally, a specif\n-0003c9e0: 6963 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 746f ic public key to\n-0003c9f0: 2075 7365 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 use can be spec\n-0003ca00: 6966 6965 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 ified using. \n-0003ca10: 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2e20 2057 PUBKEY_FILE. W\n-0003ca20: 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 hen environment \n-0003ca30: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 variable ...chec\n-0003ca40: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 k_signatures... \n-0003ca50: 6973 2073 6574 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 is set. to .\n-0003ca60: 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 ..enforce..., th\n-0003ca70: 656e 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 206d en PUBKEY_FILE m\n-0003ca80: 7573 7420 6974 7365 6c66 2062 6520 7072 ust itself be pr\n-0003ca90: 6f70 6572 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6279 operly signed by\n-0003caa0: 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2061 6c72 6561 6479 an. already\n-0003cab0: 2d74 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 2e20 2041 -trusted key. A\n-0003cac0: 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2050 5542 4b45 n unsigned PUBKE\n-0003cad0: 595f 4649 4c45 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f Y_FILE can be lo\n-0003cae0: 6164 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2073 7065 aded by. spe\n-0003caf0: 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 cifying ...--ski\n-0003cb00: 702d 7369 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 5055 p-sig.... If PU\n-0003cb10: 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6973 206f 6d69 BKEY_FILE is omi\n-0003cb20: 7474 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2070 7562 6c69 tted, then publi\n-0003cb30: 630a 2020 2020 206b 6579 7320 6672 6f6d c. keys from\n-0003cb40: 2047 5255 4227 7320 7472 7573 7465 6420 GRUB's trusted \n-0003cb50: 6b65 7973 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 keys (*note list\n-0003cb60: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 _trusted::, *not\n-0003cb70: 6520 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 0a20 2020 2020 e trust::,. \n-0003cb80: 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 and *note distru\n-0003cb90: 7374 3a3a 2920 6172 6520 7472 6965 642e st::) are tried.\n-0003cba0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 636f 6465 .. Exit code\n-0003cbb0: 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 ...$?... is set\n-0003cbc0: 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2074 6865 2073 6967 to 0 if the sig\n-0003cbd0: 6e61 7475 7265 2076 616c 6964 6174 6573 nature validates\n-0003cbe0: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 0a20 successfully.. \n-0003cbf0: 2020 2020 4966 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f If validatio\n-0003cc00: 6e20 6661 696c 732c 2069 7420 6973 2073 n fails, it is s\n-0003cc10: 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f et to a non-zero\n-0003cc20: 2076 616c 7565 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 value. *Note U\n-0003cc30: 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6769 7461 sing. digita\n-0003cc40: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 l signatures::, \n-0003cc50: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 for more informa\n-0003cc60: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n-0003cc70: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003cc80: 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6578 videoinfo, Nex\n-0003cc90: 743a 2077 726d 7372 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: wrmsr, Prev:\n-0003cca0: 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 verify_detached\n-0003ccb0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0003ccc0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0003ccd0: 2e34 2e37 3920 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f0a .4.79 videoinfo.\n-0003cce0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003ccf0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0003cd00: 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f20 5b5b 5778 485d videoinfo [[WxH]\n-0003cd10: 7844 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6176 xD]. List av\n-0003cd20: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f ailable video mo\n-0003cd30: 6465 732e 2020 4966 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 des. If resolut\n-0003cd40: 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7368 ion is given, sh\n-0003cd50: 6f77 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 206d 6174 ow only. mat\n-0003cd60: 6368 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 732e 0a0a 1f0a ching modes.....\n-0003cd70: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003cd80: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7772 6d73 722c 2020 Node: wrmsr, \n-0003cd90: 5072 6576 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c Prev: videoinfo,\n-0003cda0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0003cdb0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-0003cdc0: 342e 3830 2077 726d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.80 wrmsr.-----\n-0003cdd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0003cde0: 6d6d 616e 643a 3a20 7772 6d73 7220 3078 mmand:: wrmsr 0x\n-0003cdf0: 4144 4452 2030 7856 414c 5545 0a20 2020 ADDR 0xVALUE. \n-0003ce00: 2020 5772 6974 6520 6120 3078 5641 4c55 Write a 0xVALU\n-0003ce10: 4520 746f 2061 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 E to a model-spe\n-0003ce20: 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 2061 cific register a\n-0003ce30: 7420 6164 6472 6573 7320 3078 4144 4452 t address 0xADDR\n-0003ce40: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6561 7365 206e ... Please n\n-0003ce50: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e20 534d 5020 ote that on SMP \n-0003ce60: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2077 7269 7469 6e67 systems, writing\n-0003ce70: 2074 6f20 6120 4d53 5220 7468 6174 2068 to a MSR that h\n-0003ce80: 6173 2061 2073 636f 7065 0a20 2020 2020 as a scope. \n-0003ce90: 7065 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 2074 6872 per hardware thr\n-0003cea0: 6561 642c 2069 6d70 6c69 6573 2074 6861 ead, implies tha\n-0003ceb0: 7420 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 t the value that\n-0003cec0: 2069 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6f6e 6c79 is written only\n-0003ced0: 0a20 2020 2020 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f . applies to\n-0003cee0: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 the particular \n-0003cef0: 6370 752f 636f 7265 2f74 6872 6561 6420 cpu/core/thread \n-0003cf00: 7468 6174 2072 756e 7320 7468 6520 636f that runs the co\n-0003cf10: 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 mmand... Als\n-0003cf20: 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 o, if you specif\n-0003cf30: 7920 6120 7265 7365 7276 6564 206f 7220 y a reserved or \n-0003cf40: 756e 696d 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 4d53 unimplemented MS\n-0003cf50: 5220 6164 6472 6573 732c 2069 740a 2020 R address, it. \n-0003cf60: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6361 7573 6520 6120 will cause a \n-0003cf70: 6765 6e65 7261 6c20 7072 6f74 6563 7469 general protecti\n-0003cf80: 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2028 7768 on exception (wh\n-0003cf90: 6963 6820 6973 206e 6f74 2063 7572 7265 ich is not curre\n-0003cfa0: 6e74 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6265 696e 6720 ntly. being \n-0003cfb0: 6861 6e64 6c65 6429 2061 6e64 2074 6865 handled) and the\n-0003cfc0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7769 6c6c 2072 6562 system will reb\n-0003cfd0: 6f6f 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a oot... Note:\n-0003cfe0: 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 The command is \n-0003cff0: 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e not allowed when\n-0003d000: 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 lockdown is enf\n-0003d010: 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 orced (*note. \n-0003d020: 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 Lockdown::). \n-0003d030: 5468 6973 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2074 6f20 This is done to \n-0003d040: 7072 6576 656e 7420 7375 6276 6572 7469 prevent subverti\n-0003d050: 6e67 2076 6172 696f 7573 2073 6563 7572 ng various secur\n-0003d060: 6974 790a 2020 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 ity. mechani\n-0003d070: 736d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 sms.....File: gr\n-0003d080: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0003d090: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n-0003d0a0: 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 556e 646f nds, Next: Undo\n-0003d0b0: 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 cumented command\n-0003d0c0: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e s, Prev: Comman\n-0003d0d0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c d-line commands,\n-0003d0e0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a Up: Commands..\n-0003d0f0: 3137 2e35 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 17.5 Networking \n-0003d100: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d commands.=======\n-0003d110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003d120: 3d0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6e65 =..* Menu:..* ne\n-0003d130: 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 t_add_addr:: \n-0003d140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 Add \n-0003d150: 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6164 6472 6573 a network addres\n-0003d160: 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 733a s.* net_add_dns:\n-0003d170: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0003d180: 2020 4164 6420 6120 444e 5320 7365 7276 Add a DNS serv\n-0003d190: 6572 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 er.* net_add_rou\n-0003d1a0: 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 te:: \n-0003d1b0: 2020 2041 6464 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 Add routing e\n-0003d1c0: 6e74 7279 0a2a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 ntry.* net_bootp\n-0003d1d0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0003d1e0: 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2062 Perform a b\n-0003d1f0: 6f6f 7470 2f44 4843 5020 6175 746f 636f ootp/DHCP autoco\n-0003d200: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 nfiguration.* ne\n-0003d210: 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 t_del_addr:: \n-0003d220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f Remo\n-0003d230: 7665 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6672 ve IP address fr\n-0003d240: 6f6d 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 206e om interface.* n\n-0003d250: 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 et_del_dns:: \n-0003d260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d Rem\n-0003d270: 6f76 6520 6120 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 ove a DNS server\n-0003d280: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 .* net_del_route\n-0003d290: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0003d2a0: 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 726f 7574 6520 Remove a route \n-0003d2b0: 656e 7472 790a 2a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 entry.* net_dhcp\n-0003d2c0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0003d2d0: 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 Perform a \n-0003d2e0: 4448 4350 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 DHCP autoconfigu\n-0003d2f0: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 ration.* net_get\n-0003d300: 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 _dhcp_option:: \n-0003d310: 2020 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 Retrieve \n-0003d320: 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a2a 206e DHCP options.* n\n-0003d330: 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 et_ipv6_autoconf\n-0003d340: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 :: Per\n-0003d350: 666f 726d 2049 5076 3620 6175 746f 636f form IPv6 autoco\n-0003d360: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 nfiguration.* ne\n-0003d370: 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 t_ls_addr:: \n-0003d380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 List\n-0003d390: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 730a 2a20 6e65 interfaces.* ne\n-0003d3a0: 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 3a3a 2020 2020 t_ls_cards:: \n-0003d3b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 List\n-0003d3c0: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 6172 6473 0a2a network cards.*\n-0003d3d0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 net_ls_dns:: \n-0003d3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n-0003d3f0: 6973 7420 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 730a ist DNS servers.\n-0003d400: 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 733a * net_ls_routes:\n-0003d410: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0003d420: 4c69 7374 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 List routing ent\n-0003d430: 7269 6573 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f ries.* net_nsloo\n-0003d440: 6b75 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 kup:: \n-0003d450: 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2044 Perform a D\n-0003d460: 4e53 206c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2a20 6e65 745f NS lookup.* net_\n-0003d470: 7365 745f 766c 616e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 set_vlan:: \n-0003d480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 766c Set vl\n-0003d490: 616e 2069 6420 6f6e 2061 6e20 696e 7465 an id on an inte\n-0003d4a0: 7266 6163 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rface....File: g\n-0003d4b0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003d4c0: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 722c 2020 net_add_addr, \n-0003d4d0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e Next: net_add_dn\n-0003d4e0: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 s, Up: Networki\n-0003d4f0: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n-0003d500: 352e 3120 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 5.1 net_add_addr\n-0003d510: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0003d520: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0003d530: 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 7220 d: net_add_addr \n-0003d540: 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 4341 5244 2041 INTERFACE CARD A\n-0003d550: 4444 5245 5353 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6e66 DDRESS. Conf\n-0003d560: 6967 7572 6520 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c igure additional\n-0003d570: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2049 4e54 4552 4641 network INTERFA\n-0003d580: 4345 2077 6974 6820 4144 4452 4553 5320 CE with ADDRESS \n-0003d590: 6f6e 2061 206e 6574 776f 726b 0a20 2020 on a network. \n-0003d5a0: 2020 4341 5244 2e20 2041 4444 5245 5353 CARD. ADDRESS\n-0003d5b0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2049 can be either I\n-0003d5c0: 5020 696e 2064 6f74 7465 6420 6465 6369 P in dotted deci\n-0003d5d0: 6d61 6c20 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 mal notation, or\n-0003d5e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7379 6d62 6f6c 6963 206e . symbolic n\n-0003d5f0: 616d 6520 7768 6963 6820 6973 2072 6573 ame which is res\n-0003d600: 6f6c 7665 6420 7573 696e 6720 444e 5320 olved using DNS \n-0003d610: 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e20 2049 6620 7375 6363 lookup. If succ\n-0003d620: 6573 7366 756c 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6869 essful,. thi\n-0003d630: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 s command also a\n-0003d640: 6464 7320 6c6f 6361 6c20 6c69 6e6b 2072 dds local link r\n-0003d650: 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6f20 outing entry to \n-0003d660: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 the default. \n-0003d670: 2073 7562 6e65 7420 6f66 2041 4444 5245 subnet of ADDRE\n-0003d680: 5353 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 2049 4e54 SS with name INT\n-0003d690: 4552 4641 4345 e280 983a 6c6f 6361 6ce2 ERFACE...:local.\n-0003d6a0: 8099 2076 6961 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 .. via INTERFACE\n-0003d6b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0003d6c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-0003d6d0: 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a _add_dns, Next:\n-0003d6e0: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 net_add_route, \n-0003d6f0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 Prev: net_add_a\n-0003d700: 6464 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 ddr, Up: Networ\n-0003d710: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n-0003d720: 372e 352e 3220 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 7.5.2 net_add_dn\n-0003d730: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n-0003d740: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0003d750: 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2053 d: net_add_dns S\n-0003d760: 4552 5645 520a 2020 2020 2052 6573 6f6c ERVER. Resol\n-0003d770: 7665 2053 4552 5645 5220 4950 2061 6464 ve SERVER IP add\n-0003d780: 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2061 6464 2074 6f20 ress and add to \n-0003d790: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 444e 5320 the list of DNS \n-0003d7a0: 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 servers used. \n-0003d7b0: 2020 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f during name lo\n-0003d7c0: 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 okup.....File: g\n-0003d7d0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003d7e0: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 net_add_route, \n-0003d7f0: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 Next: net_bootp\n-0003d800: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 , Prev: net_add\n-0003d810: 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f _dns, Up: Netwo\n-0003d820: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n-0003d830: 3137 2e35 2e33 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 17.5.3 net_add_r\n-0003d840: 6f75 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oute.-----------\n-0003d850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003d860: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f ommand: net_add_\n-0003d870: 726f 7574 6520 5348 4f52 544e 414d 4520 route SHORTNAME \n-0003d880: 4950 5b2f 5052 4546 4958 5d20 5b49 4e54 IP[/PREFIX] [INT\n-0003d890: 4552 4641 4345 207c 2067 770a 2020 2020 ERFACE | gw. \n-0003d8a0: 2020 2020 2020 4741 5445 5741 595d 0a20 GATEWAY]. \n-0003d8b0: 2020 2020 4164 6420 726f 7574 6520 746f Add route to\n-0003d8c0: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2077 6974 6820 6164 network with ad\n-0003d8d0: 6472 6573 7320 4950 2061 7320 6d6f 6469 dress IP as modi\n-0003d8e0: 6669 6564 2062 7920 5052 4546 4958 2076 fied by PREFIX v\n-0003d8f0: 6961 0a20 2020 2020 6569 7468 6572 206c ia. either l\n-0003d900: 6f63 616c 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 206f ocal INTERFACE o\n-0003d910: 7220 4741 5445 5741 592e 2020 5052 4546 r GATEWAY. PREF\n-0003d920: 4958 2069 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 IX is optional a\n-0003d930: 6e64 2064 6566 6175 6c74 730a 2020 2020 nd defaults. \n-0003d940: 2074 6f20 3332 2066 6f72 2049 5076 3420 to 32 for IPv4 \n-0003d950: 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 3132 3820 address and 128 \n-0003d960: 666f 7220 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 for IPv6 address\n-0003d970: 2e20 2052 6f75 7465 2069 730a 2020 2020 . Route is. \n-0003d980: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6279 2053 identified by S\n-0003d990: 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2077 6869 6368 2063 HORTNAME which c\n-0003d9a0: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 an be used to re\n-0003d9b0: 6d6f 7665 2069 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 move it (*note. \n-0003d9c0: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 net_del_rout\n-0003d9d0: 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 e::).....File: g\n-0003d9e0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003d9f0: 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 204e 6578 net_bootp, Nex\n-0003da00: 743a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722c t: net_del_addr,\n-0003da10: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f Prev: net_add_\n-0003da20: 726f 7574 652c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 route, Up: Netw\n-0003da30: 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a orking commands.\n-0003da40: 0a31 372e 352e 3420 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 .17.5.4 net_boot\n-0003da50: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p.--------------\n-0003da60: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003da70: 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 205b 4341 5244 net_bootp [CARD\n-0003da80: 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 ]. Alias for\n-0003da90: 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2066 6f72 2063 net_dhcp, for c\n-0003daa0: 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2077 6974 ompatibility wit\n-0003dab0: 6820 6f6c 6465 7220 4772 7562 2076 6572 h older Grub ver\n-0003dac0: 7369 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5769 6c6c sions.. Will\n-0003dad0: 2070 6572 666f 726d 2074 6865 2073 616d perform the sam\n-0003dae0: 6520 4448 4350 2068 616e 6473 6861 6b65 e DHCP handshake\n-0003daf0: 2077 6974 6820 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 with potential \n-0003db00: 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 fallback to. \n-0003db10: 2042 4f4f 5450 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e65 BOOTP as the ne\n-0003db20: 745f 6468 6370 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 t_dhcp command (\n-0003db30: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a3a *note net_dhcp::\n-0003db40: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-0003db50: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n-0003db60: 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 t_del_addr, Nex\n-0003db70: 743a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 t: net_del_dns, \n-0003db80: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 Prev: net_bootp\n-0003db90: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n-0003dba0: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n-0003dbb0: 2e35 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 720a .5 net_del_addr.\n-0003dbc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003dbd0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003dbe0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2049 : net_del_addr I\n-0003dbf0: 4e54 4552 4641 4345 0a20 2020 2020 5265 NTERFACE. Re\n-0003dc00: 6d6f 7665 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 move configured \n-0003dc10: 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 7769 7468 2061 INTERFACE with a\n-0003dc20: 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 6164 6472 6573 ssociated addres\n-0003dc30: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-0003dc40: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n-0003dc50: 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 t_del_dns, Next\n-0003dc60: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c : net_del_route,\n-0003dc70: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f Prev: net_del_\n-0003dc80: 6164 6472 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f addr, Up: Netwo\n-0003dc90: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n-0003dca0: 3137 2e35 2e36 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 17.5.6 net_del_d\n-0003dcb0: 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ns.-------------\n-0003dcc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0003dcd0: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 7320 nd: net_del_dns \n-0003dce0: 4144 4452 4553 530a 2020 2020 2052 656d ADDRESS. Rem\n-0003dcf0: 6f76 6520 4144 4452 4553 5320 6672 6f6d ove ADDRESS from\n-0003dd00: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 list of servers\n-0003dd10: 2075 7365 6420 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d used during nam\n-0003dd20: 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c e lookup.....Fil\n-0003dd30: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003dd40: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 ode: net_del_rou\n-0003dd50: 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 te, Next: net_d\n-0003dd60: 6863 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f hcp, Prev: net_\n-0003dd70: 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 del_dns, Up: Ne\n-0003dd80: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-0003dd90: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3720 6e65 745f 6465 s..17.5.7 net_de\n-0003dda0: 6c5f 726f 7574 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d l_route.--------\n-0003ddb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0003ddc0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 - Command: net_d\n-0003ddd0: 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2053 484f 5254 4e41 el_route SHORTNA\n-0003dde0: 4d45 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2072 ME. Remove r\n-0003ddf0: 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6465 6e74 oute entry ident\n-0003de00: 6966 6965 6420 6279 2053 484f 5254 4e41 ified by SHORTNA\n-0003de10: 4d45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ME.....File: gru\n-0003de20: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-0003de30: 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 et_dhcp, Next: \n-0003de40: 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 net_get_dhcp_opt\n-0003de50: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ion, Prev: net_\n-0003de60: 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5570 3a20 del_route, Up: \n-0003de70: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n-0003de80: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3820 6e65 745f nds..17.5.8 net_\n-0003de90: 6468 6370 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dhcp.-----------\n-0003dea0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0003deb0: 643a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 7020 5b43 4152 d: net_dhcp [CAR\n-0003dec0: 445d 0a20 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 D]. Perform \n-0003ded0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 configuration of\n-0003dee0: 2043 4152 4420 7573 696e 6720 4448 4350 CARD using DHCP\n-0003def0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 4966 206e protocol. If n\n-0003df00: 6f20 6361 7264 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 o card name. \n-0003df10: 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 is specified, t\n-0003df20: 7279 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 ry to configure \n-0003df30: 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6172 all existing car\n-0003df40: 6473 2e20 2046 616c 6c73 2062 6163 6b20 ds. Falls back \n-0003df50: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 424f 4f54 to. the BOOT\n-0003df60: 5020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 6966 206e P protocol, if n\n-0003df70: 6565 6465 642e 2020 4966 2063 6f6e 6669 eeded. If confi\n-0003df80: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 2073 7563 guration was suc\n-0003df90: 6365 7373 6675 6c2c 0a20 2020 2020 696e cessful,. in\n-0003dfa0: 7465 7266 6163 6520 7769 7468 206e 616d terface with nam\n-0003dfb0: 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 e280 e CARD...:dhcp..\n-0003dfc0: 9920 616e 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 . and configured\n-0003dfd0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2069 7320 6164 6465 address is adde\n-0003dfe0: 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 4341 5244 2e20 d to. CARD. \n-0003dff0: 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7468 Additionally th\n-0003e000: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 4448 4350 e following DHCP\n-0003e010: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2072 6563 options are rec\n-0003e020: 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 ognized and. \n-0003e030: 2070 726f 6365 7373 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 processed:.. \n-0003e040: 2020 e280 9831 2028 5375 626e 6574 204d ...1 (Subnet M\n-0003e050: 6173 6b29 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ask).... \n-0003e060: 2020 5573 6564 2074 6f20 6361 6c63 756c Used to calcul\n-0003e070: 6174 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 ate network loca\n-0003e080: 6c20 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 7920 l routing entry \n-0003e090: 666f 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2020 for interface. \n-0003e0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4341 5244 e280 983a CARD...:\n-0003e0b0: 6468 6370 e280 992e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 dhcp..... ..\n-0003e0c0: 9833 2028 526f 7574 6572 29e2 8099 0a20 .3 (Router).... \n-0003e0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 7320 6465 Adds de\n-0003e0e0: 6661 756c 7420 726f 7574 6520 656e 7472 fault route entr\n-0003e0f0: 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 y with the name \n-0003e100: 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 3a64 6566 CARD...:dhcp:def\n-0003e110: 6175 6c74 e280 9920 7669 610a 2020 2020 ault... via. \n-0003e120: 2020 2020 2020 6761 7465 7761 7920 6672 gateway fr\n-0003e130: 6f6d 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 om DHCP option. \n-0003e140: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e6c 7920 Note that only \n-0003e150: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 7369 6e67 option with sing\n-0003e160: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6f75 le. rou\n-0003e170: 7465 2069 7320 6163 6365 7074 6564 2e0a te is accepted..\n-0003e180: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3620 2844 6f6d 6169 ...6 (Domai\n-0003e190: 6e20 4e61 6d65 2053 6572 7665 7229 e280 n Name Server)..\n-0003e1a0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6473 .. Adds\n-0003e1b0: 2061 6c6c 2073 6572 7665 7273 2066 726f all servers fro\n-0003e1c0: 6d20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2076 616c 7565 2074 m option value t\n-0003e1d0: 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7365 o the list of se\n-0003e1e0: 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 rvers used. \n-0003e1f0: 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 during name\n-0003e200: 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 resolution.. \n-0003e210: 2020 e280 9831 3220 2848 6f73 7420 4e61 ...12 (Host Na\n-0003e220: 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 me).... \n-0003e230: 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e Sets environmen\n-0003e240: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 t variable ...ne\n-0003e250: 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 t_......_d\n-0003e260: 6863 705f 686f 7374 6e61 6d65 e280 9920 hcp_hostname... \n-0003e270: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 (*note. \n-0003e280: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-0003e290: 5f68 6f73 746e 616d 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 _hostname::) to \n-0003e2a0: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 the value of opt\n-0003e2b0: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3520 ion.. ...15 \n-0003e2c0: 2844 6f6d 6169 6e20 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 (Domain Name)...\n-0003e2d0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 . Sets \n-0003e2e0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-0003e2f0: 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c able ...net_...<\n-0003e300: 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f 646f CARD>..._dhcp_do\n-0003e310: 6d61 696e e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 main... (*note. \n-0003e320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e net__domain:\n-0003e340: 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 :) to the value \n-0003e350: 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 of option.. \n-0003e360: e280 9831 3720 2852 6f6f 7420 5061 7468 ...17 (Root Path\n-0003e370: 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 ).... S\n-0003e380: 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ets environment \n-0003e390: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f variable ...net_\n-0003e3a0: e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 ......_dhc\n-0003e3b0: 705f 726f 6f74 7061 7468 e280 9920 282a p_rootpath... (*\n-0003e3c0: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e note. n\n-0003e3d0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 et__r\n-0003e3e0: 6f6f 7470 6174 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 ootpath::) to th\n-0003e3f0: 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f e value of optio\n-0003e400: 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3820 2845 n.. ...18 (E\n-0003e410: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 5061 7468 29e2 xtensions Path).\n-0003e420: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 ... Set\n-0003e430: 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 s environment va\n-0003e440: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 riable ...net_..\n-0003e450: 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f ...._dhcp_\n-0003e460: 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 e280 extensionspath..\n-0003e470: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 282a 6e6f .. (*no\n-0003e480: 7465 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 te net__extensionspat\n-0003e4a0: 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 h::) to the valu\n-0003e4b0: 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f e of. o\n-0003e4c0: 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9836 ption.. ...6\n-0003e4d0: 3620 2854 4654 5020 5365 7276 6572 204e 6 (TFTP Server N\n-0003e4e0: 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ame).... \n-0003e4f0: 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 Sets environme\n-0003e500: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e nt variable ...n\n-0003e510: 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f et_......_\n-0003e520: 6468 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 dhcp_server_name\n-0003e530: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 282a .... (*\n-0003e540: 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 note net__dhcp_server\n-0003e560: 5f6e 616d 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 _name::) to the \n-0003e570: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 value of. \n-0003e580: 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 option.. \n-0003e590: e280 9836 3720 2846 696c 656e 616d 6529 ...67 (Filename)\n-0003e5a0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 .... Se\n-0003e5b0: 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 ts environment v\n-0003e5c0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 ariable ...net_.\n-0003e5d0: 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f 626f 6f74 ....._boot\n-0003e5e0: 5f66 696c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a _file... (*note.\n-0003e5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 net__boot_f\n-0003e610: 696c 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 ile::) to the va\n-0003e620: 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a lue of option...\n-0003e630: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003e640: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 o, Node: net_ge\n-0003e650: 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 t_dhcp_option, \n-0003e660: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 Next: net_ipv6_a\n-0003e670: 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 utoconf, Prev: \n-0003e680: 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 2055 703a 204e net_dhcp, Up: N\n-0003e690: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n-0003e6a0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e39 206e 6574 5f67 ds..17.5.9 net_g\n-0003e6b0: 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a2d et_dhcp_option.-\n+00039dc0: 204c 6566 740a 2020 2020 2072 6967 6874 Left. right\n+00039dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6967 6874 0a0a Right..\n+00039df0: 2020 2020 2041 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 As well as \n+00039e00: 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 2c20 7468 6520 keystrokes, the \n+00039e10: e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 636f ...sendkey... co\n+00039e20: 6d6d 616e 6420 7461 6b65 7320 7661 7269 mmand takes vari\n+00039e30: 6f75 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 ous options. \n+00039e40: 2074 6861 7420 6166 6665 6374 2074 6865 that affect the\n+00039e50: 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2073 BIOS keyboard s\n+00039e60: 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 732e 2020 5468 tatus flags. Th\n+00039e70: 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7461 6b65 ese options take\n+00039e80: 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6f6e e280 an. ...on..\n+00039e90: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 2070 . or ...off... p\n+00039ea0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 2c20 7370 6563 6966 arameter, specif\n+00039eb0: 7969 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 636f ying that the co\n+00039ec0: 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 7374 6174 rresponding stat\n+00039ed0: 7573 0a20 2020 2020 666c 6167 2062 6520 us. flag be \n+00039ee0: 7365 7420 6f72 2075 6e73 6574 3b20 6f6d set or unset; om\n+00039ef0: 6974 7469 6e67 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f itting the optio\n+00039f00: 6e20 666f 7220 6120 6769 7665 6e20 7374 n for a given st\n+00039f10: 6174 7573 2066 6c61 670a 2020 2020 2077 atus flag. w\n+00039f20: 696c 6c20 6c65 6176 6520 7468 6174 2066 ill leave that f\n+00039f30: 6c61 6720 6174 2069 7473 2069 6e69 7469 lag at its initi\n+00039f40: 616c 2073 7461 7465 2061 7420 626f 6f74 al state at boot\n+00039f50: 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e75 6de2 . The ...--num.\n+00039f60: 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d2d 6361 ..,. ...--ca\n+00039f70: 7073 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 7363 726f ps..., ...--scro\n+00039f80: 6c6c e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d2d ll..., and ...--\n+00039f90: 696e 7365 7274 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e insert... option\n+00039fa0: 7320 656d 756c 6174 6520 7365 7474 696e s emulate settin\n+00039fb0: 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 7265 g the. corre\n+00039fc0: 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 206d 6f64 652c 2077 sponding mode, w\n+00039fd0: 6869 6c65 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e75 hile the ...--nu\n+00039fe0: 6d6b 6579 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6361 mkey..., ...--ca\n+00039ff0: 7073 6b65 79e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 pskey...,. .\n+0003a000: 8098 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c 6b65 79e2 8099 ..--scrollkey...\n+0003a010: 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d69 6e73 6572 , and ...--inser\n+0003a020: 746b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 tkey... options \n+0003a030: 656d 756c 6174 6520 7072 6573 7369 6e67 emulate pressing\n+0003a040: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 686f 6c64 696e and. holdin\n+0003a050: 6720 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 g the correspond\n+0003a060: 696e 6720 6b65 792e 2020 5468 6520 6f74 ing key. The ot\n+0003a070: 6865 7220 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6720 her status flag \n+0003a080: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 options are. \n+0003a090: 2073 656c 662d 6578 706c 616e 6174 6f72 self-explanator\n+0003a0a0: 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 y... If the \n+0003a0b0: e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 6c65 64e2 8099 206f ...--no-led... o\n+0003a0c0: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 ption is given, \n+0003a0d0: 7468 6520 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6720 the status flag \n+0003a0e0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 options will. \n+0003a0f0: 2020 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6566 6665 6374 have no effect\n+0003a100: 206f 6e20 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 204c 4544 on keyboard LED\n+0003a110: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 s... If the \n+0003a120: e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 636f ...sendkey... co\n+0003a130: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2067 6976 656e 206d mmand is given m\n+0003a140: 756c 7469 706c 6520 7469 6d65 732c 2074 ultiple times, t\n+0003a150: 6865 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 0a20 2020 hen only the. \n+0003a160: 2020 6c61 7374 2069 6e76 6f63 6174 696f last invocatio\n+0003a170: 6e20 6861 7320 616e 7920 6566 6665 6374 n has any effect\n+0003a180: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5369 6e63 6520 e280 ... Since ..\n+0003a190: 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 6d61 6e69 .sendkey... mani\n+0003a1a0: 7075 6c61 7465 7320 7468 6520 4249 4f53 pulates the BIOS\n+0003a1b0: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 keyboard buffer\n+0003a1c0: 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2063 6175 7365 0a20 , it may cause. \n+0003a1d0: 2020 2020 6861 6e67 732c 2072 6562 6f6f hangs, reboo\n+0003a1e0: 7473 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 206d 6973 ts, or other mis\n+0003a1f0: 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6f6e 2073 6f6d behaviour on som\n+0003a200: 6520 7379 7374 656d 732e 2020 4966 2074 e systems. If t\n+0003a210: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 6572 6174 696e he. operatin\n+0003a220: 6720 7379 7374 656d 206f 7220 626f 6f74 g system or boot\n+0003a230: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 7468 6174 2072 756e loader that run\n+0003a240: 7320 6166 7465 7220 4752 5542 2075 7365 s after GRUB use\n+0003a250: 7320 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 206b s its own. k\n+0003a260: 6579 626f 6172 6420 6472 6976 6572 2072 eyboard driver r\n+0003a270: 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 2042 ather than the B\n+0003a280: 494f 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2066 756e IOS keyboard fun\n+0003a290: 6374 696f 6e73 2c20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 ctions, then. \n+0003a2a0: 2020 e280 9873 656e 646b 6579 e280 9920 ...sendkey... \n+0003a2b0: 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 will have no eff\n+0003a2c0: 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 ect... This \n+0003a2d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 command is only \n+0003a2e0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2050 4320 available on PC \n+0003a2f0: 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f BIOS systems....\n+0003a300: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003a310: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6574 2c20 204e , Node: set, N\n+0003a320: 6578 743a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 2050 ext: sha1sum, P\n+0003a330: 7265 763a 2073 656e 646b 6579 2c20 2055 rev: sendkey, U\n+0003a340: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0003a350: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 commands..17.4.6\n+0003a360: 3720 7365 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 7 set.----------\n+0003a370: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0003a380: 7365 7420 5b65 6e76 7661 723d 7661 6c75 set [envvar=valu\n+0003a390: 655d 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 e]. Set the \n+0003a3a0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+0003a3b0: 6162 6c65 2045 4e56 5641 5220 746f 2056 able ENVVAR to V\n+0003a3c0: 414c 5545 2e20 2049 6620 696e 766f 6b65 ALUE. If invoke\n+0003a3d0: 6420 7769 7468 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 d with no. a\n+0003a3e0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e 7420 rguments, print \n+0003a3f0: 616c 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 all environment \n+0003a400: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2074 variables with t\n+0003a410: 6865 6972 2076 616c 7565 732e 2020 466f heir values. Fo\n+0003a420: 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 r. the list \n+0003a430: 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 of environment v\n+0003a440: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2063 7572 7265 6e74 ariables current\n+0003a450: 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 ly used by GRUB \n+0003a460: 6974 7365 6c66 2073 6565 0a20 2020 2020 itself see. \n+0003a470: 7468 6520 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 2073 6563 the relevant sec\n+0003a480: 7469 6f6e 202a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 tion *note Envir\n+0003a490: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c onment::.....Fil\n+0003a4a0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003a4b0: 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2c20 204e ode: sha1sum, N\n+0003a4c0: 6578 743a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 ext: sha256sum, \n+0003a4d0: 2050 7265 763a 2073 6574 2c20 2055 703a Prev: set, Up:\n+0003a4e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0003a4f0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3820 mmands..17.4.68 \n+0003a500: 7368 6131 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sha1sum.--------\n+0003a510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003a520: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d20 6172 mand: sha1sum ar\n+0003a530: 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 g .... Alias\n+0003a540: 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 for ...hashsum \n+0003a550: 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 3120 6172 6720 --hash sha1 arg \n+0003a560: 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 2063 6f6d ....... See com\n+0003a570: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6de2 mand ...hashsum.\n+0003a580: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 ... (*note h\n+0003a590: 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 6675 ashsum::) for fu\n+0003a5a0: 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2e0a ll description..\n+0003a5b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003a5c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3235 fo, Node: sha25\n+0003a5d0: 3673 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6861 6sum, Next: sha\n+0003a5e0: 3531 3273 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 512sum, Prev: s\n+0003a5f0: 6861 3173 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d ha1sum, Up: Com\n+0003a600: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0003a610: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3920 7368 6132 ds..17.4.69 sha2\n+0003a620: 3536 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 56sum.----------\n+0003a630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003a640: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d20 mand: sha256sum \n+0003a650: 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 arg .... Ali\n+0003a660: 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 as for ...hashsu\n+0003a670: 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 3235 3620 m --hash sha256 \n+0003a680: 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 6565 arg ....... See\n+0003a690: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 7368 command ...hash\n+0003a6a0: 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f sum.... (*no\n+0003a6b0: 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 666f te hashsum::) fo\n+0003a6c0: 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 r full descripti\n+0003a6d0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n+0003a6e0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n+0003a6f0: 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a ha512sum, Next:\n+0003a700: 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 sleep, Prev: s\n+0003a710: 6861 3235 3673 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ha256sum, Up: C\n+0003a720: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0003a730: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3020 7368 ands..17.4.70 sh\n+0003a740: 6135 3132 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d a512sum.--------\n+0003a750: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003a760: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 ommand: sha512su\n+0003a770: 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 m arg .... A\n+0003a780: 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 lias for ...hash\n+0003a790: 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2073 6861 3531 sum --hash sha51\n+0003a7a0: 3220 6172 6720 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2053 2 arg ....... S\n+0003a7b0: 6565 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6861 ee command ...ha\n+0003a7c0: 7368 7375 6de2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a shsum.... (*\n+0003a7d0: 6e6f 7465 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a3a 2920 note hashsum::) \n+0003a7e0: 666f 7220 6675 6c6c 2064 6573 6372 6970 for full descrip\n+0003a7f0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n+0003a800: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003a810: 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 sleep, Next: s\n+0003a820: 6d62 696f 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 mbios, Prev: sh\n+0003a830: 6135 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f a512sum, Up: Co\n+0003a840: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+0003a850: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3731 2073 6c65 nds..17.4.71 sle\n+0003a860: 6570 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ep.-------------\n+0003a870: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 .. -- Command: s\n+0003a880: 6c65 6570 205b 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 655d leep [--verbose]\n+0003a890: 205b 2d2d 696e 7465 7272 7570 7469 626c [--interruptibl\n+0003a8a0: 655d 2063 6f75 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 536c e] count. Sl\n+0003a8b0: 6565 7020 666f 7220 434f 554e 5420 7365 eep for COUNT se\n+0003a8c0: 636f 6e64 732e 2020 4966 206f 7074 696f conds. If optio\n+0003a8d0: 6e20 e280 982d 2d69 6e74 6572 7275 7074 n ...--interrupt\n+0003a8e0: 6962 6c65 e280 9920 6973 2067 6976 656e ible... is given\n+0003a8f0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 7265 ,. allow pre\n+0003a900: 7373 696e 6720 3c45 5343 3e2c 203c 4634 ssing , or holding dow\n+0003a920: 6e20 3c53 4849 4654 3e20 746f 2069 6e74 n to int\n+0003a930: 6572 7275 7074 0a20 2020 2020 736c 6565 errupt. slee\n+0003a940: 702e 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7665 p. With ...--ve\n+0003a950: 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 2073 686f 7720 636f rbose... show co\n+0003a960: 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 6f66 2072 656d 6169 untdown of remai\n+0003a970: 6e69 6e67 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2e20 2045 ning seconds. E\n+0003a980: 7869 740a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 6520 6973 xit. code is\n+0003a990: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 6966 2074 696d set to 0 if tim\n+0003a9a0: 656f 7574 2065 7870 6972 6564 2061 6e64 eout expired and\n+0003a9b0: 2074 6f20 3120 6966 2074 696d 656f 7574 to 1 if timeout\n+0003a9c0: 2077 6173 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7272 was. interr\n+0003a9d0: 7570 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 616e 7920 upted using any \n+0003a9e0: 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e 7469 6f6e 6564 of the mentioned\n+0003a9f0: 206b 6579 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 keys.....File: \n+0003aa00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003aa10: 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 2c20 204e 6578 743a : smbios, Next:\n+0003aa20: 2073 6f75 7263 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 source, Prev: \n+0003aa30: 736c 6565 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d sleep, Up: Comm\n+0003aa40: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0003aa50: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3732 2073 6d62 696f s..17.4.72 smbio\n+0003aa60: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n+0003aa70: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 .. -- Command: s\n+0003aa80: 6d62 696f 7320 5b2d 2d74 7970 6520 5459 mbios [--type TY\n+0003aa90: 5045 5d20 5b2d 2d68 616e 646c 6520 4841 PE] [--handle HA\n+0003aaa0: 4e44 4c45 5d20 5b2d 2d6d 6174 6368 204d NDLE] [--match M\n+0003aab0: 4154 4348 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ATCH]. \n+0003aac0: 282d 2d67 6574 2d62 7974 6520 7c20 2d2d (--get-byte | --\n+0003aad0: 6765 742d 776f 7264 207c 202d 2d67 6574 get-word | --get\n+0003aae0: 2d64 776f 7264 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d71 -dword | --get-q\n+0003aaf0: 776f 7264 207c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 word |. \n+0003ab00: 202d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e 6720 7c20 --get-string | \n+0003ab10: 2d2d 6765 742d 7575 6964 2920 4f46 4653 --get-uuid) OFFS\n+0003ab20: 4554 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 5641 5249 4142 ET [--set VARIAB\n+0003ab30: 4c45 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 LE]. Retriev\n+0003ab40: 6520 534d 4249 4f53 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 e SMBIOS informa\n+0003ab50: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 tion... The \n+0003ab60: e280 9873 6d62 696f 73e2 8099 2063 6f6d ...smbios... com\n+0003ab70: 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2074 6865 mand returns the\n+0003ab80: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6120 6669 656c value of a fiel\n+0003ab90: 6420 696e 2061 6e20 534d 4249 4f53 0a20 d in an SMBIOS. \n+0003aba0: 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 structure. \n+0003abb0: 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 The following op\n+0003abc0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 tions determine \n+0003abd0: 7768 6963 6820 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 which structure \n+0003abe0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 2e0a to. select..\n+0003abf0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 . ... Spe\n+0003ac00: 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d74 7970 cifying ...--typ\n+0003ac10: 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 e... will select\n+0003ac20: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 7769 7468 structures with\n+0003ac30: 2061 206d 6174 6368 696e 670a 2020 2020 a matching. \n+0003ac40: 2020 2020 2020 5459 5045 2e20 2054 6865 TYPE. The\n+0003ac50: 2074 7970 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 type can be any\n+0003ac60: 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2066 726f 6d20 3020 integer from 0 \n+0003ac70: 746f 2032 3535 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 to 255.. \n+0003ac80: e280 a220 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 ... Specifying .\n+0003ac90: 8098 2d2d 6861 6e64 6c65 e280 9920 7769 ..--handle... wi\n+0003aca0: 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 6374 ll select struct\n+0003acb0: 7572 6573 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d61 7463 ures with a matc\n+0003acc0: 6869 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 hing. H\n+0003acd0: 414e 444c 452e 2020 5468 6520 6861 6e64 ANDLE. The hand\n+0003ace0: 6c65 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 696e le can be any in\n+0003acf0: 7465 6765 7220 6672 6f6d 2030 2074 6f20 teger from 0 to \n+0003ad00: 3635 3533 352e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 65535.. .\n+0003ad10: 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 .. Specifying ..\n+0003ad20: 982d 2d6d 6174 6368 e280 9920 7769 6c6c .--match... will\n+0003ad30: 2073 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 select structur\n+0003ad40: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 204d 4154 4348 2069 e number MATCH i\n+0003ad50: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n the. \n+0003ad60: 6669 6c74 6572 6564 206c 6973 7420 6f66 filtered list of\n+0003ad70: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 733b 2065 2e67 structures; e.g\n+0003ad80: 2e20 20e2 8098 736d 6269 6f73 202d 2d74 . ...smbios --t\n+0003ad90: 7970 6520 3420 2d2d 6d61 7463 6820 32e2 ype 4 --match 2.\n+0003ada0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c ... wil\n+0003adb0: 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2073 6563 l select the sec\n+0003adc0: 6f6e 6420 5072 6f63 6573 7320 496e 666f ond Process Info\n+0003add0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 2854 7970 6520 3429 rmation (Type 4)\n+0003ade0: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 structure.. \n+0003adf0: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6c69 7374 2069 The list i\n+0003ae00: 7320 616c 7761 7973 206f 7264 6572 6564 s always ordered\n+0003ae10: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6173 2074 6865 the same as the\n+0003ae20: 2068 6172 6477 6172 6527 7320 534d 4249 hardware's SMBI\n+0003ae30: 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6162 OS. tab\n+0003ae40: 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6174 6368 206e le. The match n\n+0003ae50: 756d 6265 7220 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6120 umber must be a \n+0003ae60: 706f 7369 7469 7665 2069 6e74 6567 6572 positive integer\n+0003ae70: 2e20 2049 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . If. \n+0003ae80: 756e 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 6865 unspecified, the\n+0003ae90: 2066 6972 7374 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 first matching \n+0003aea0: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 structure will b\n+0003aeb0: 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e selected... \n+0003aec0: 2020 5468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 The remaining \n+0003aed0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e options determin\n+0003aee0: 6520 7768 6963 6820 6669 656c 6420 696e e which field in\n+0003aef0: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d the selected SM\n+0003af00: 4249 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 BIOS. struct\n+0003af10: 7572 6520 746f 2072 6574 7572 6e2e 2020 ure to return. \n+0003af20: 4f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6573 Only one of thes\n+0003af30: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6265 e options may be\n+0003af40: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 740a 2020 specified at. \n+0003af50: 2020 2061 2074 696d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 a time... \n+0003af60: 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 ... When giv\n+0003af70: 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 6279 7465 en ...--get-byte\n+0003af80: e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 ..., return the \n+0003af90: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2062 7974 value of the byt\n+0003afa0: 6520 6174 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 204f e at. O\n+0003afb0: 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f FFSET bytes into\n+0003afc0: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d the selected SM\n+0003afd0: 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 BIOS structure. \n+0003afe0: 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 It will be. \n+0003aff0: 2020 2020 2020 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 formatted \n+0003b000: 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 as an unsigned d\n+0003b010: 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a ecimal integer..\n+0003b020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e ... When\n+0003b030: 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d given ...--get-\n+0003b040: 776f 7264 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 word..., return \n+0003b050: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 the value of the\n+0003b060: 2077 6f72 6420 2874 776f 0a20 2020 2020 word (two. \n+0003b070: 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 6174 204f bytes) at O\n+0003b080: 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f FFSET bytes into\n+0003b090: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d the selected SM\n+0003b0a0: 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 BIOS structure. \n+0003b0b0: 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 It. wi\n+0003b0c0: 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 ll be formatted \n+0003b0d0: 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 as an unsigned d\n+0003b0e0: 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a ecimal integer..\n+0003b0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e ... When\n+0003b100: 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d given ...--get-\n+0003b110: 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e dword..., return\n+0003b120: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 the value of th\n+0003b130: 6520 6477 6f72 6420 2866 6f75 720a 2020 e dword (four. \n+0003b140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 bytes) a\n+0003b150: 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 t OFFSET bytes i\n+0003b160: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 nto the selected\n+0003b170: 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 SMBIOS structur\n+0003b180: 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. It. \n+0003b190: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 will be formatt\n+0003b1a0: 6564 2061 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 ed as an unsigne\n+0003b1b0: 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 d decimal intege\n+0003b1c0: 722e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 r.. ... W\n+0003b1d0: 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 hen given ...--g\n+0003b1e0: 6574 2d71 776f 7264 e280 992c 2072 6574 et-qword..., ret\n+0003b1f0: 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 urn the value of\n+0003b200: 2074 6865 2071 776f 7264 2028 6569 6768 the qword (eigh\n+0003b210: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 t. byte\n+0003b220: 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 s) at OFFSET byt\n+0003b230: 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 es into the sele\n+0003b240: 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 cted SMBIOS stru\n+0003b250: 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 cture. It. \n+0003b260: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 will be for\n+0003b270: 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e 2075 6e73 matted as an uns\n+0003b280: 6967 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 696e igned decimal in\n+0003b290: 7465 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 teger.. .\n+0003b2a0: 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 .. When given ..\n+0003b2b0: 982d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e 67e2 8099 .--get-string...\n+0003b2c0: 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2073 7472 , return the str\n+0003b2d0: 696e 6720 7769 7468 2069 7473 2069 6e64 ing with its ind\n+0003b2e0: 6578 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f75 ex. fou\n+0003b2f0: 6e64 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 nd at OFFSET byt\n+0003b300: 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 es into the sele\n+0003b310: 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 cted SMBIOS stru\n+0003b320: 6374 7572 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 cture.. .\n+0003b330: 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 .. When given ..\n+0003b340: 982d 2d67 6574 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 2c20 .--get-uuid..., \n+0003b350: 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 return the value\n+0003b360: 206f 6620 7468 6520 5555 4944 2028 7369 of the UUID (si\n+0003b370: 7874 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xteen. \n+0003b380: 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 bytes) at OFFSET\n+0003b390: 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 bytes into the \n+0003b3a0: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 selected SMBIOS \n+0003b3b0: 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 structure. It. \n+0003b3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 will be\n+0003b3d0: 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 7320 6c6f formatted as lo\n+0003b3e0: 7765 722d 6361 7365 2068 7970 6865 6e61 wer-case hyphena\n+0003b3f0: 7465 6420 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 ted hexadecimal \n+0003b400: 6469 6769 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 digits,. \n+0003b410: 2020 7769 7468 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 with the first\n+0003b420: 2074 6872 6565 2066 6965 6c64 7320 6173 three fields as\n+0003b430: 206c 6974 746c 652d 656e 6469 616e 2c20 little-endian, \n+0003b440: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 7374 0a20 2020 and the rest. \n+0003b450: 2020 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 printed b\n+0003b460: 7974 652d 6279 2d62 7974 652e 0a0a 2020 yte-by-byte... \n+0003b470: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2061 The default a\n+0003b480: 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6f20 7072 696e ction is to prin\n+0003b490: 7420 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 t the value of t\n+0003b4a0: 6865 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 2066 6965 he requested fie\n+0003b4b0: 6c64 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 ld to. the c\n+0003b4c0: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 6120 7661 onsole, but a va\n+0003b4d0: 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6361 6e20 riable name can \n+0003b4e0: 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 be specified wit\n+0003b4f0: 6820 e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9920 746f h ...--set... to\n+0003b500: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6f72 6520 7468 6520 . store the \n+0003b510: 7661 6c75 6520 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 value instead of\n+0003b520: 2070 7269 6e74 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a20 printing it... \n+0003b530: 2020 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c For example,\n+0003b540: 2074 6869 7320 7769 6c6c 2073 746f 7265 this will store\n+0003b550: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 6469 7370 6c61 and then displa\n+0003b560: 7920 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 y the system. \n+0003b570: 2020 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 7572 6572 2773 manufacturer's\n+0003b580: 206e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 name... \n+0003b590: 2020 736d 6269 6f73 202d 2d74 7970 6520 smbios --type \n+0003b5a0: 3120 2d2d 6765 742d 7374 7269 6e67 2034 1 --get-string 4\n+0003b5b0: 202d 2d73 6574 2073 7973 7465 6d5f 6d61 --set system_ma\n+0003b5c0: 6e75 6661 6374 7572 6572 0a20 2020 2020 nufacturer. \n+0003b5d0: 2020 2020 2065 6368 6f20 2473 7973 7465 echo $syste\n+0003b5e0: 6d5f 6d61 6e75 6661 6374 7572 6572 0a0a m_manufacturer..\n+0003b5f0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003b600: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 736f 7572 6365 o, Node: source\n+0003b610: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 6573 742c 2020 , Next: test, \n+0003b620: 5072 6576 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 2c20 2055 Prev: smbios, U\n+0003b630: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0003b640: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 commands..17.4.7\n+0003b650: 3320 736f 7572 6365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 3 source.-------\n+0003b660: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003b670: 6d61 6e64 3a20 736f 7572 6365 2066 696c mand: source fil\n+0003b680: 650a 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 4649 4c45 e. Read FILE\n+0003b690: 2061 7320 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 as a configurat\n+0003b6a0: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 6173 2069 6620 ion file, as if \n+0003b6b0: 6974 7320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2068 6164 its contents had\n+0003b6c0: 2062 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6e63 6f72 been. incor\n+0003b6d0: 706f 7261 7465 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 porated directly\n+0003b6e0: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 736f 7572 6369 into the sourci\n+0003b6f0: 6e67 2066 696c 652e 2020 556e 6c69 6b65 ng file. Unlike\n+0003b700: 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 ...configfile..\n+0003b710: 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f .. (*note co\n+0003b720: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a3a 292c 2074 6869 nfigfile::), thi\n+0003b730: 7320 6578 6563 7574 6573 2074 6865 2063 s executes the c\n+0003b740: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2046 494c 4520 ontents of FILE \n+0003b750: 7769 7468 6f75 740a 2020 2020 2063 6861 without. cha\n+0003b760: 6e67 696e 6720 636f 6e74 6578 743a 2061 nging context: a\n+0003b770: 6e79 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 ny environment v\n+0003b780: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 ariable changes \n+0003b790: 6d61 6465 2062 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 made by the. \n+0003b7a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 2046 494c commands in FIL\n+0003b7b0: 4520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7072 6573 6572 E will be preser\n+0003b7c0: 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 e280 9873 6f75 ved after ...sou\n+0003b7d0: 7263 65e2 8099 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2c20 rce... returns, \n+0003b7e0: 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 656e and the. men\n+0003b7f0: 7520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 7368 u will not be sh\n+0003b800: 6f77 6e20 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e own immediately.\n+0003b810: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003b820: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 7374 nfo, Node: test\n+0003b830: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 7275 652c 2020 , Next: true, \n+0003b840: 5072 6576 3a20 736f 7572 6365 2c20 2055 Prev: source, U\n+0003b850: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0003b860: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 commands..17.4.7\n+0003b870: 3420 7465 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4 test.---------\n+0003b880: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003b890: 3a20 7465 7374 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f : test expressio\n+0003b8a0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2045 7661 6c75 6174 6520 n. Evaluate \n+0003b8b0: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 2061 6e64 2072 EXPRESSION and r\n+0003b8c0: 6574 7572 6e20 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 eturn zero exit \n+0003b8d0: 7374 6174 7573 2069 6620 7265 7375 6c74 status if result\n+0003b8e0: 2069 7320 7472 7565 2c0a 2020 2020 206e is true,. n\n+0003b8f0: 6f6e 207a 6572 6f20 7374 6174 7573 206f on zero status o\n+0003b900: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 therwise... \n+0003b910: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 6f6e EXPRESSION is on\n+0003b920: 6520 6f66 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 e of:.. STRI\n+0003b930: 4e47 3120 e280 983d 3de2 8099 2053 5452 NG1 ...==... STR\n+0003b940: 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 ING2. t\n+0003b950: 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 7265 2065 he strings are e\n+0003b960: 7175 616c 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 qual. STRING\n+0003b970: 3120 e280 9821 3de2 8099 2053 5452 494e 1 ...!=... STRIN\n+0003b980: 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 G2. the\n+0003b990: 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 7265 206e 6f74 strings are not\n+0003b9a0: 2065 7175 616c 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 equal. STRI\n+0003b9b0: 4e47 3120 e280 983c e280 9920 5354 5249 NG1 ...<... STRI\n+0003b9c0: 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 NG2. ST\n+0003b9d0: 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 RING1 is lexicog\n+0003b9e0: 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6573 7320 raphically less \n+0003b9f0: 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 than STRING2. \n+0003ba00: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 983c 3de2 STRING1 ...<=.\n+0003ba10: 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 .. STRING2. \n+0003ba20: 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 2069 7320 STRING1 is \n+0003ba30: 6c65 7869 636f 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c lexicographicall\n+0003ba40: 7920 6c65 7373 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 y less or equal \n+0003ba50: 7468 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 than STRING2. \n+0003ba60: 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 983e e280 STRING1 ...>..\n+0003ba70: 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 . STRING2. \n+0003ba80: 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c STRING1 is l\n+0003ba90: 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 exicographically\n+0003baa0: 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 5354 greater than ST\n+0003bab0: 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e RING2. STRIN\n+0003bac0: 4731 20e2 8098 3e3d e280 9920 5354 5249 G1 ...>=... STRI\n+0003bad0: 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 NG2. ST\n+0003bae0: 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 RING1 is lexicog\n+0003baf0: 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 2067 7265 6174 raphically great\n+0003bb00: 6572 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 7468 616e er or equal than\n+0003bb10: 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 494e STRING2. IN\n+0003bb20: 5445 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d65 71e2 8099 TEGER1 ...-eq...\n+0003bb30: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n+0003bb40: 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 INTEGER1 is \n+0003bb50: 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 4547 4552 equal to INTEGER\n+0003bb60: 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 2. INTEGER1 \n+0003bb70: e280 982d 6765 e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 ...-ge... INTEGE\n+0003bb80: 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 R2. INT\n+0003bb90: 4547 4552 3120 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 EGER1 is greater\n+0003bba0: 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 than or equal t\n+0003bbb0: 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 o INTEGER2. \n+0003bbc0: 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d67 74e2 INTEGER1 ...-gt.\n+0003bbd0: 8099 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 .. INTEGER2. \n+0003bbe0: 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 INTEGER1 i\n+0003bbf0: 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 2049 s greater than I\n+0003bc00: 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 NTEGER2. INT\n+0003bc10: 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 6c65 e280 9920 EGER1 ...-le... \n+0003bc20: 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n+0003bc30: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 206c INTEGER1 is l\n+0003bc40: 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 ess than or equa\n+0003bc50: 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 l to INTEGER2. \n+0003bc60: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d INTEGER1 ...-\n+0003bc70: 6c74 e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 lt... INTEGER2. \n+0003bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 INTEGER\n+0003bc90: 3120 6973 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 2049 1 is less than I\n+0003bca0: 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 NTEGER2. INT\n+0003bcb0: 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 6e65 e280 9920 EGER1 ...-ne... \n+0003bcc0: 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n+0003bcd0: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 206e INTEGER1 is n\n+0003bce0: 6f74 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e 5445 ot equal to INTE\n+0003bcf0: 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 5052 4546 4958 GER2. PREFIX\n+0003bd00: 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d70 6774 INTEGER1 ...-pgt\n+0003bd10: e280 9920 5052 4546 4958 494e 5445 4745 ... PREFIXINTEGE\n+0003bd20: 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 R2. INT\n+0003bd30: 4547 4552 3120 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 EGER1 is greater\n+0003bd40: 2074 6861 6e20 494e 5445 4745 5232 2061 than INTEGER2 a\n+0003bd50: 6674 6572 2073 7472 6970 7069 6e67 206f fter stripping o\n+0003bd60: 6666 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 ff common. \n+0003bd70: 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 non-numeric \n+0003bd80: 5052 4546 4958 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 5245 PREFIX.. PRE\n+0003bd90: 4649 5849 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d FIXINTEGER1 ...-\n+0003bda0: 706c 74e2 8099 2050 5245 4649 5849 4e54 plt... PREFIXINT\n+0003bdb0: 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 EGER2. \n+0003bdc0: 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6c65 7373 INTEGER1 is less\n+0003bdd0: 2074 6861 6e20 494e 5445 4745 5232 2061 than INTEGER2 a\n+0003bde0: 6674 6572 2073 7472 6970 7069 6e67 206f fter stripping o\n+0003bdf0: 6666 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 ff common. \n+0003be00: 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 non-numeric \n+0003be10: 5052 4546 4958 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 494c PREFIX.. FIL\n+0003be20: 4531 20e2 8098 2d6e 74e2 8099 2046 494c E1 ...-nt... FIL\n+0003be30: 4532 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c E2. FIL\n+0003be40: 4531 2069 7320 6e65 7765 7220 7468 616e E1 is newer than\n+0003be50: 2046 494c 4532 2028 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 FILE2 (modifica\n+0003be60: 7469 6f6e 2074 696d 6529 2e20 204f 7074 tion time). Opt\n+0003be70: 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ionally. \n+0003be80: 2020 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 4249 4153 206d numeric BIAS m\n+0003be90: 6179 2062 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 ay be directly a\n+0003bea0: 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f 20e2 8098 2d6e ppended to ...-n\n+0003beb0: 74e2 8099 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 t... in which ca\n+0003bec0: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7420 se. it \n+0003bed0: 6973 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 is added to the \n+0003bee0: 6669 7273 7420 6669 6c65 206d 6f64 6966 first file modif\n+0003bef0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7469 6d65 2e0a 2020 ication time.. \n+0003bf00: 2020 2046 494c 4531 20e2 8098 2d6f 74e2 FILE1 ...-ot.\n+0003bf10: 8099 2046 494c 4532 0a20 2020 2020 2020 .. FILE2. \n+0003bf20: 2020 2046 494c 4531 2069 7320 6f6c 6465 FILE1 is olde\n+0003bf30: 7220 7468 616e 2046 494c 4532 2028 6d6f r than FILE2 (mo\n+0003bf40: 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2074 696d 6529 dification time)\n+0003bf50: 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 . Optionally. \n+0003bf60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 numeric \n+0003bf70: 4249 4153 206d 6179 2062 6520 6469 7265 BIAS may be dire\n+0003bf80: 6374 6c79 2061 7070 656e 6465 6420 746f ctly appended to\n+0003bf90: 20e2 8098 2d6f 74e2 8099 2069 6e20 7768 ...-ot... in wh\n+0003bfa0: 6963 6820 6361 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ich case. \n+0003bfb0: 2020 2069 7420 6973 2061 6464 6564 2074 it is added t\n+0003bfc0: 6f20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6669 6c65 o the first file\n+0003bfd0: 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7469 modification ti\n+0003bfe0: 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 me.. ...-d..\n+0003bff0: 9920 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 . FILE. \n+0003c000: 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 7473 2061 6e64 FILE exists and\n+0003c010: 2069 7320 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a is a directory.\n+0003c020: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d65 e280 9920 4649 ...-e... FI\n+0003c030: 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c LE. FIL\n+0003c040: 4520 6578 6973 7473 0a20 2020 2020 e280 E exists. ..\n+0003c050: 982d 66e2 8099 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 .-f... FILE. \n+0003c060: 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 2065 7869 7374 FILE exist\n+0003c070: 7320 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 2064 s and is not a d\n+0003c080: 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a20 2020 2020 e280 irectory. ..\n+0003c090: 982d 73e2 8099 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 .-s... FILE. \n+0003c0a0: 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 2065 7869 7374 FILE exist\n+0003c0b0: 7320 616e 6420 6861 7320 6120 7369 7a65 s and has a size\n+0003c0c0: 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7a65 greater than ze\n+0003c0d0: 726f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 6ee2 8099 ro. ...-n...\n+0003c0e0: 2053 5452 494e 470a 2020 2020 2020 2020 STRING. \n+0003c0f0: 2020 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 the length of \n+0003c100: 5354 5249 4e47 2069 7320 6e6f 6e7a 6572 STRING is nonzer\n+0003c110: 6f0a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 470a 2020 o. STRING. \n+0003c120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 2069 STRING i\n+0003c130: 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 6f20 s equivalent to \n+0003c140: e280 982d 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 e280 990a ...-n STRING....\n+0003c150: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d7a e280 9920 5354 ...-z... ST\n+0003c160: 5249 4e47 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 RING. t\n+0003c170: 6865 206c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2053 5452 he length of STR\n+0003c180: 494e 4720 6973 207a 6572 6f0a 2020 2020 ING is zero. \n+0003c190: 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 2045 5850 5245 5353 ...(... EXPRESS\n+0003c1a0: 494f 4e20 e280 9829 e280 990a 2020 2020 ION ...).... \n+0003c1b0: 2020 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e EXPRESSION\n+0003c1c0: 2069 7320 7472 7565 0a20 2020 2020 e280 is true. ..\n+0003c1d0: 9821 e280 9920 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e .!... EXPRESSION\n+0003c1e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 . EXPRE\n+0003c1f0: 5353 494f 4e20 6973 2066 616c 7365 0a20 SSION is false. \n+0003c200: 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 EXPRESSION1 \n+0003c210: e280 982d 61e2 8099 2045 5850 5245 5353 ...-a... EXPRESS\n+0003c220: 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 ION2. b\n+0003c230: 6f74 6820 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 oth EXPRESSION1 \n+0003c240: 616e 6420 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3220 and EXPRESSION2 \n+0003c250: 6172 6520 7472 7565 0a20 2020 2020 4558 are true. EX\n+0003c260: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 4558 5052 4553 PRESSION1 EXPRES\n+0003c270: 5349 4f4e 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SION2. \n+0003c280: 626f 7468 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 both EXPRESSION1\n+0003c290: 2061 6e64 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 and EXPRESSION2\n+0003c2a0: 2061 7265 2074 7275 652e 2020 5468 6973 are true. This\n+0003c2b0: 2073 796e 7461 7820 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 syntax is not. \n+0003c2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 4f53 4958 2d63 POSIX-c\n+0003c2d0: 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2061 6e64 2069 7320 ompliant and is \n+0003c2e0: 6e6f 7420 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 642e not recommended.\n+0003c2f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e . EXPRESSION\n+0003c300: 3120 e280 982d 6fe2 8099 2045 5850 5245 1 ...-o... EXPRE\n+0003c310: 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 SSION2. \n+0003c320: 2065 6974 6865 7220 4558 5052 4553 5349 either EXPRESSI\n+0003c330: 4f4e 3120 6f72 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f ON1 or EXPRESSIO\n+0003c340: 4e32 2069 7320 7472 7565 0a0a 1f0a 4669 N2 is true....Fi\n+0003c350: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003c360: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 204e 6578 Node: true, Nex\n+0003c370: 743a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: trust, Prev:\n+0003c380: 2074 6573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d test, Up: Comm\n+0003c390: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0003c3a0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3735 2074 7275 650a s..17.4.75 true.\n+0003c3b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003c3c0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 7275 650a - Command: true.\n+0003c3d0: 2020 2020 2044 6f20 6e6f 7468 696e 672c Do nothing,\n+0003c3e0: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 2020 successfully. \n+0003c3f0: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 This is mainly u\n+0003c400: 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c seful in control\n+0003c410: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7473 . constructs\n+0003c420: 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 6966 e280 such as ...if..\n+0003c430: 9920 616e 6420 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 . and ...while..\n+0003c440: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c . (*note Shell-l\n+0003c450: 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a29 ike scripting::)\n+0003c460: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003c470: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 7275 info, Node: tru\n+0003c480: 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2075 6e73 6574 st, Next: unset\n+0003c490: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 7275 652c 2020 , Prev: true, \n+0003c4a0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0003c4b0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+0003c4c0: 3736 2074 7275 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 76 trust.-------\n+0003c4d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0003c4e0: 616e 643a 2074 7275 7374 205b 2d2d 736b and: trust [--sk\n+0003c4f0: 6970 2d73 6967 5d20 7075 626b 6579 5f66 ip-sig] pubkey_f\n+0003c500: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 7075 ile. Read pu\n+0003c510: 626c 6963 206b 6579 2066 726f 6d20 5055 blic key from PU\n+0003c520: 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 616e 6420 6164 BKEY_FILE and ad\n+0003c530: 6420 6974 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2773 2069 d it to GRUB's i\n+0003c540: 6e74 6572 6e61 6c20 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 nternal list. \n+0003c550: 2020 6f66 2074 7275 7374 6564 2070 7562 of trusted pub\n+0003c560: 6c69 6320 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 6865 7365 lic keys. These\n+0003c570: 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 keys are used t\n+0003c580: 6f20 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2064 6967 6974 o validate digit\n+0003c590: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e 6174 7572 al. signatur\n+0003c5a0: 6573 2077 6865 6e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d es when environm\n+0003c5b0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 ent variable ...\n+0003c5c0: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+0003c5d0: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a 2020 ... is set to. \n+0003c5e0: 2020 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 ...enforce...\n+0003c5f0: 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2069 6620 . Note that if \n+0003c600: e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 ...check_signatu\n+0003c610: 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f res... is set to\n+0003c620: 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 0a20 ...enforce.... \n+0003c630: 2020 2020 7768 656e 20e2 8098 7472 7573 when ...trus\n+0003c640: 74e2 8099 2065 7865 6375 7465 732c 2074 t... executes, t\n+0003c650: 6865 6e20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 hen PUBKEY_FILE \n+0003c660: 6d75 7374 2069 7473 656c 6620 6265 2070 must itself be p\n+0003c670: 726f 7065 726c 790a 2020 2020 2073 6967 roperly. sig\n+0003c680: 6e65 642e 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 ned. The ...--s\n+0003c690: 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 206f 7074 696f kip-sig... optio\n+0003c6a0: 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f n can be used to\n+0003c6b0: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7369 disable. si\n+0003c6c0: 676e 6174 7572 652d 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 gnature-checking\n+0003c6d0: 2077 6865 6e20 7265 6164 696e 6720 5055 when reading PU\n+0003c6e0: 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6974 7365 6c66 BKEY_FILE itself\n+0003c6f0: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2065 7870 6563 7465 . It is expecte\n+0003c700: 640a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 e280 982d d. that ...-\n+0003c710: 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 2069 7320 -skip-sig... is \n+0003c720: 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2074 6573 7469 useful for testi\n+0003c730: 6e67 2061 6e64 206d 616e 7561 6c20 626f ng and manual bo\n+0003c740: 6f74 696e 672e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 oting. *Note. \n+0003c750: 2020 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c Using digital\n+0003c760: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 signatures::, f\n+0003c770: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 or more informat\n+0003c780: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n+0003c790: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003c7a0: 756e 7365 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7665 unset, Next: ve\n+0003c7b0: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642c 2020 rify_detached, \n+0003c7c0: 5072 6576 3a20 7472 7573 742c 2020 5570 Prev: trust, Up\n+0003c7d0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0003c7e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3737 ommands..17.4.77\n+0003c7f0: 2075 6e73 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d unset.---------\n+0003c800: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003c810: 643a 2075 6e73 6574 2065 6e76 7661 720a d: unset envvar.\n+0003c820: 2020 2020 2055 6e73 6574 2074 6865 2065 Unset the e\n+0003c830: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+0003c840: 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ble ENVVAR.....F\n+0003c850: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003c860: 204e 6f64 653a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 Node: verify_de\n+0003c870: 7461 6368 6564 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2076 tached, Next: v\n+0003c880: 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a ideoinfo, Prev:\n+0003c890: 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d unset, Up: Com\n+0003c8a0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0003c8b0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3820 7665 7269 ds..17.4.78 veri\n+0003c8c0: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 640a 2d2d 2d2d fy_detached.----\n+0003c8d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003c8e0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003c8f0: 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 : verify_detache\n+0003c900: 6420 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 675d 2066 d [--skip-sig] f\n+0003c910: 696c 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 655f 6669 ile signature_fi\n+0003c920: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 7075 le. [pu\n+0003c930: 626b 6579 5f66 696c 655d 0a20 2020 2020 bkey_file]. \n+0003c940: 5665 7269 6669 6573 2061 2047 5047 2d73 Verifies a GPG-s\n+0003c950: 7479 6c65 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 7369 tyle detached si\n+0003c960: 676e 6174 7572 652c 2077 6865 7265 2074 gnature, where t\n+0003c970: 6865 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6669 6c65 2069 he signed file i\n+0003c980: 730a 2020 2020 2046 494c 452c 2061 6e64 s. FILE, and\n+0003c990: 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2069 the signature i\n+0003c9a0: 7473 656c 6620 6973 2069 6e20 6669 6c65 tself is in file\n+0003c9b0: 2053 4947 4e41 5455 5245 5f46 494c 452e SIGNATURE_FILE.\n+0003c9c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 . Optionally\n+0003c9d0: 2c20 6120 7370 6563 6966 6963 2070 7562 , a specific pub\n+0003c9e0: 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 746f 2075 7365 2063 lic key to use c\n+0003c9f0: 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 an be specified \n+0003ca00: 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 2050 5542 4b45 using. PUBKE\n+0003ca10: 595f 4649 4c45 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 656e Y_FILE. When en\n+0003ca20: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+0003ca30: 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e le ...check_sign\n+0003ca40: 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 atures... is set\n+0003ca50: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f . to ...enfo\n+0003ca60: 7263 65e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2050 5542 rce..., then PUB\n+0003ca70: 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 206d 7573 7420 6974 KEY_FILE must it\n+0003ca80: 7365 6c66 2062 6520 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 self be properly\n+0003ca90: 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6279 2061 6e0a 2020 signed by an. \n+0003caa0: 2020 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2d74 7275 7374 already-trust\n+0003cab0: 6564 206b 6579 2e20 2041 6e20 756e 7369 ed key. An unsi\n+0003cac0: 676e 6564 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 gned PUBKEY_FILE\n+0003cad0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 can be loaded b\n+0003cae0: 790a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e y. specifyin\n+0003caf0: 6720 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 g ...--skip-sig.\n+0003cb00: 8099 2e20 2049 6620 5055 424b 4559 5f46 ... If PUBKEY_F\n+0003cb10: 494c 4520 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 ILE is omitted, \n+0003cb20: 7468 656e 2070 7562 6c69 630a 2020 2020 then public. \n+0003cb30: 206b 6579 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4227 keys from GRUB'\n+0003cb40: 7320 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 7973 2028 s trusted keys (\n+0003cb50: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 *note list_trust\n+0003cb60: 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7472 7573 ed::, *note trus\n+0003cb70: 743a 3a2c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 2a6e t::,. and *n\n+0003cb80: 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 2920 ote distrust::) \n+0003cb90: 6172 6520 7472 6965 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 are tried... \n+0003cba0: 2045 7869 7420 636f 6465 20e2 8098 243f Exit code ...$?\n+0003cbb0: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 3020 ... is set to 0 \n+0003cbc0: 6966 2074 6865 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 if the signature\n+0003cbd0: 2076 616c 6964 6174 6573 2073 7563 6365 validates succe\n+0003cbe0: 7373 6675 6c6c 792e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 ssfully.. If\n+0003cbf0: 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c validation fail\n+0003cc00: 732c 2069 7420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 s, it is set to \n+0003cc10: 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2076 616c 7565 a non-zero value\n+0003cc20: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 0a20 . *Note Using. \n+0003cc30: 2020 2020 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e digital sign\n+0003cc40: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f atures::, for mo\n+0003cc50: 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a re information..\n+0003cc60: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003cc70: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2076 6964 656f fo, Node: video\n+0003cc80: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2077 726d info, Next: wrm\n+0003cc90: 7372 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2076 6572 6966 sr, Prev: verif\n+0003cca0: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 2055 703a y_detached, Up:\n+0003ccb0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0003ccc0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3920 mmands..17.4.79 \n+0003ccd0: 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d videoinfo.------\n+0003cce0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0003ccf0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 Command: videoi\n+0003cd00: 6e66 6f20 5b5b 5778 485d 7844 5d0a 2020 nfo [[WxH]xD]. \n+0003cd10: 2020 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c List availabl\n+0003cd20: 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 e video modes. \n+0003cd30: 4966 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 6973 If resolution is\n+0003cd40: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7368 6f77 206f 6e6c given, show onl\n+0003cd50: 790a 2020 2020 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 y. matching \n+0003cd60: 6d6f 6465 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 modes.....File: \n+0003cd70: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003cd80: 3a20 7772 6d73 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : wrmsr, Prev: \n+0003cd90: 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5570 3a20 videoinfo, Up: \n+0003cda0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0003cdb0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3830 2077 mands..17.4.80 w\n+0003cdc0: 726d 7372 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rmsr.-----------\n+0003cdd0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003cde0: 3a20 7772 6d73 7220 3078 4144 4452 2030 : wrmsr 0xADDR 0\n+0003cdf0: 7856 414c 5545 0a20 2020 2020 5772 6974 xVALUE. Writ\n+0003ce00: 6520 6120 3078 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2061 e a 0xVALUE to a\n+0003ce10: 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 model-specific \n+0003ce20: 7265 6769 7374 6572 2061 7420 6164 6472 register at addr\n+0003ce30: 6573 7320 3078 4144 4452 2e0a 0a20 2020 ess 0xADDR... \n+0003ce40: 2020 506c 6561 7365 206e 6f74 6520 7468 Please note th\n+0003ce50: 6174 206f 6e20 534d 5020 7379 7374 656d at on SMP system\n+0003ce60: 732c 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 s, writing to a \n+0003ce70: 4d53 5220 7468 6174 2068 6173 2061 2073 MSR that has a s\n+0003ce80: 636f 7065 0a20 2020 2020 7065 7220 6861 cope. per ha\n+0003ce90: 7264 7761 7265 2074 6872 6561 642c 2069 rdware thread, i\n+0003cea0: 6d70 6c69 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 mplies that the \n+0003ceb0: 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2069 7320 7772 value that is wr\n+0003cec0: 6974 7465 6e20 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 itten only. \n+0003ced0: 6170 706c 6965 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 applies to the p\n+0003cee0: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6370 752f 636f articular cpu/co\n+0003cef0: 7265 2f74 6872 6561 6420 7468 6174 2072 re/thread that r\n+0003cf00: 756e 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642e uns the command.\n+0003cf10: 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2069 6620 .. Also, if \n+0003cf20: 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 7265 you specify a re\n+0003cf30: 7365 7276 6564 206f 7220 756e 696d 706c served or unimpl\n+0003cf40: 656d 656e 7465 6420 4d53 5220 6164 6472 emented MSR addr\n+0003cf50: 6573 732c 2069 740a 2020 2020 2077 696c ess, it. wil\n+0003cf60: 6c20 6361 7573 6520 6120 6765 6e65 7261 l cause a genera\n+0003cf70: 6c20 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 l protection exc\n+0003cf80: 6570 7469 6f6e 2028 7768 6963 6820 6973 eption (which is\n+0003cf90: 206e 6f74 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 0a20 not currently. \n+0003cfa0: 2020 2020 6265 696e 6720 6861 6e64 6c65 being handle\n+0003cfb0: 6429 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 d) and the syste\n+0003cfc0: 6d20 7769 6c6c 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 0a0a m will reboot...\n+0003cfd0: 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2063 Note: The c\n+0003cfe0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c ommand is not al\n+0003cff0: 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 lowed when lockd\n+0003d000: 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 own is enforced \n+0003d010: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 636b (*note. Lock\n+0003d020: 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2069 down::). This i\n+0003d030: 7320 646f 6e65 2074 6f20 7072 6576 656e s done to preven\n+0003d040: 7420 7375 6276 6572 7469 6e67 2076 6172 t subverting var\n+0003d050: 696f 7573 2073 6563 7572 6974 790a 2020 ious security. \n+0003d060: 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 732e 0a0a mechanisms...\n+0003d070: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003d080: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 o, Node: Networ\n+0003d090: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 king commands, \n+0003d0a0: 4e65 7874 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 Next: Undocument\n+0003d0b0: 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 ed commands, Pr\n+0003d0c0: 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 ev: Command-line\n+0003d0d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 commands, Up: \n+0003d0e0: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 204e Commands..17.5 N\n+0003d0f0: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n+0003d100: 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ds.=============\n+0003d110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a2a 204d ===========..* M\n+0003d120: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f enu:..* net_add_\n+0003d130: 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 addr:: \n+0003d140: 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 6120 6e65 7477 Add a netw\n+0003d150: 6f72 6b20 6164 6472 6573 730a 2a20 6e65 ork address.* ne\n+0003d160: 745f 6164 645f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 t_add_dns:: \n+0003d170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 Add \n+0003d180: 6120 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 0a2a 206e a DNS server.* n\n+0003d190: 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a 2020 et_add_route:: \n+0003d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 Add\n+0003d1b0: 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a routing entry.*\n+0003d1c0: 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 3a3a 2020 2020 net_bootp:: \n+0003d1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 P\n+0003d1e0: 6572 666f 726d 2061 2062 6f6f 7470 2f44 erform a bootp/D\n+0003d1f0: 4843 5020 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 HCP autoconfigur\n+0003d200: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f ation.* net_del_\n+0003d210: 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 addr:: \n+0003d220: 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2049 5020 Remove IP \n+0003d230: 6164 6472 6573 7320 6672 6f6d 2069 6e74 address from int\n+0003d240: 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c erface.* net_del\n+0003d250: 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _dns:: \n+0003d260: 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 6120 Remove a \n+0003d270: 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 0a2a 206e 6574 DNS server.* net\n+0003d280: 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a 2020 2020 _del_route:: \n+0003d290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 Remov\n+0003d2a0: 6520 6120 726f 7574 6520 656e 7472 790a e a route entry.\n+0003d2b0: 2a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a3a 2020 2020 * net_dhcp:: \n+0003d2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0003d2d0: 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 4448 4350 2061 Perform a DHCP a\n+0003d2e0: 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e utoconfiguration\n+0003d2f0: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f .* net_get_dhcp_\n+0003d300: 6f70 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 option:: \n+0003d310: 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 4448 4350 206f Retrieve DHCP o\n+0003d320: 7074 696f 6e73 0a2a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 ptions.* net_ipv\n+0003d330: 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 3a3a 2020 2020 6_autoconf:: \n+0003d340: 2020 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2049 Perform I\n+0003d350: 5076 3620 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Pv6 autoconfigur\n+0003d360: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 ation.* net_ls_a\n+0003d370: 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ddr:: \n+0003d380: 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2069 6e74 6572 List inter\n+0003d390: 6661 6365 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 faces.* net_ls_c\n+0003d3a0: 6172 6473 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ards:: \n+0003d3b0: 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206e 6574 776f List netwo\n+0003d3c0: 726b 2063 6172 6473 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c rk cards.* net_l\n+0003d3d0: 735f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 s_dns:: \n+0003d3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 444e List DN\n+0003d3f0: 5320 7365 7276 6572 730a 2a20 6e65 745f S servers.* net_\n+0003d400: 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 733a 3a20 2020 2020 ls_routes:: \n+0003d410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2072 List r\n+0003d420: 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a2a outing entries.*\n+0003d430: 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 703a 3a20 net_nslookup:: \n+0003d440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 P\n+0003d450: 6572 666f 726d 2061 2044 4e53 206c 6f6f erform a DNS loo\n+0003d460: 6b75 700a 2a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c kup.* net_set_vl\n+0003d470: 616e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 an:: \n+0003d480: 2020 2020 5365 7420 766c 616e 2069 6420 Set vlan id \n+0003d490: 6f6e 2061 6e20 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a on an interface.\n+0003d4a0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003d4b0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 fo, Node: net_a\n+0003d4c0: 6464 5f61 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 dd_addr, Next: \n+0003d4d0: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732c 2020 5570 net_add_dns, Up\n+0003d4e0: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n+0003d4f0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3120 6e65 mands..17.5.1 ne\n+0003d500: 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d t_add_addr.-----\n+0003d510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0003d520: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n+0003d530: 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 7220 494e 5445 5246 _add_addr INTERF\n+0003d540: 4143 4520 4341 5244 2041 4444 5245 5353 ACE CARD ADDRESS\n+0003d550: 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 . Configure \n+0003d560: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206e 6574 776f additional netwo\n+0003d570: 726b 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2077 6974 rk INTERFACE wit\n+0003d580: 6820 4144 4452 4553 5320 6f6e 2061 206e h ADDRESS on a n\n+0003d590: 6574 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 4341 5244 etwork. CARD\n+0003d5a0: 2e20 2041 4444 5245 5353 2063 616e 2062 . ADDRESS can b\n+0003d5b0: 6520 6569 7468 6572 2049 5020 696e 2064 e either IP in d\n+0003d5c0: 6f74 7465 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6e6f otted decimal no\n+0003d5d0: 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 tation, or. \n+0003d5e0: 7379 6d62 6f6c 6963 206e 616d 6520 7768 symbolic name wh\n+0003d5f0: 6963 6820 6973 2072 6573 6f6c 7665 6420 ich is resolved \n+0003d600: 7573 696e 6720 444e 5320 6c6f 6f6b 7570 using DNS lookup\n+0003d610: 2e20 2049 6620 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c . If successful\n+0003d620: 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d ,. this comm\n+0003d630: 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 6464 7320 6c6f and also adds lo\n+0003d640: 6361 6c20 6c69 6e6b 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 cal link routing\n+0003d650: 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 entry to the de\n+0003d660: 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 2073 7562 6e65 fault. subne\n+0003d670: 7420 6f66 2041 4444 5245 5353 2077 6974 t of ADDRESS wit\n+0003d680: 6820 6e61 6d65 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 h name INTERFACE\n+0003d690: e280 983a 6c6f 6361 6ce2 8099 2076 6961 ...:local... via\n+0003d6a0: 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 INTERFACE.....F\n+0003d6b0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003d6c0: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 Node: net_add_d\n+0003d6d0: 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f61 ns, Next: net_a\n+0003d6e0: 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a dd_route, Prev:\n+0003d6f0: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 722c 2020 net_add_addr, \n+0003d700: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n+0003d710: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3220 ommands..17.5.2 \n+0003d720: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d net_add_dns.----\n+0003d730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0003d740: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n+0003d750: 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2053 4552 5645 520a _add_dns SERVER.\n+0003d760: 2020 2020 2052 6573 6f6c 7665 2053 4552 Resolve SER\n+0003d770: 5645 5220 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 2061 VER IP address a\n+0003d780: 6e64 2061 6464 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 nd add to the li\n+0003d790: 7374 206f 6620 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 st of DNS server\n+0003d7a0: 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6475 7269 s used. duri\n+0003d7b0: 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a ng name lookup..\n+0003d7c0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003d7d0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 fo, Node: net_a\n+0003d7e0: 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a dd_route, Next:\n+0003d7f0: 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 2050 7265 net_bootp, Pre\n+0003d800: 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 v: net_add_dns, \n+0003d810: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n+0003d820: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e33 commands..17.5.3\n+0003d830: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 0a2d net_add_route.-\n+0003d840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003d850: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003d860: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 6520 : net_add_route \n+0003d870: 5348 4f52 544e 414d 4520 4950 5b2f 5052 SHORTNAME IP[/PR\n+0003d880: 4546 4958 5d20 5b49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 EFIX] [INTERFACE\n+0003d890: 207c 2067 770a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 | gw. \n+0003d8a0: 4741 5445 5741 595d 0a20 2020 2020 4164 GATEWAY]. Ad\n+0003d8b0: 6420 726f 7574 6520 746f 206e 6574 776f d route to netwo\n+0003d8c0: 726b 2077 6974 6820 6164 6472 6573 7320 rk with address \n+0003d8d0: 4950 2061 7320 6d6f 6469 6669 6564 2062 IP as modified b\n+0003d8e0: 7920 5052 4546 4958 2076 6961 0a20 2020 y PREFIX via. \n+0003d8f0: 2020 6569 7468 6572 206c 6f63 616c 2049 either local I\n+0003d900: 4e54 4552 4641 4345 206f 7220 4741 5445 NTERFACE or GATE\n+0003d910: 5741 592e 2020 5052 4546 4958 2069 7320 WAY. PREFIX is \n+0003d920: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 6e64 2064 6566 optional and def\n+0003d930: 6175 6c74 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 3332 aults. to 32\n+0003d940: 2066 6f72 2049 5076 3420 6164 6472 6573 for IPv4 addres\n+0003d950: 7320 616e 6420 3132 3820 666f 7220 4950 s and 128 for IP\n+0003d960: 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6f75 v6 address. Rou\n+0003d970: 7465 2069 730a 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 te is. ident\n+0003d980: 6966 6965 6420 6279 2053 484f 5254 4e41 ified by SHORTNA\n+0003d990: 4d45 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 ME which can be \n+0003d9a0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6d6f 7665 2069 used to remove i\n+0003d9b0: 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 t (*note. ne\n+0003d9c0: 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 653a 3a29 2e0a t_del_route::)..\n+0003d9d0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003d9e0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f62 fo, Node: net_b\n+0003d9f0: 6f6f 7470 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 ootp, Next: net\n+0003da00: 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722c 2020 5072 6576 _del_addr, Prev\n+0003da10: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 652c : net_add_route,\n+0003da20: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n+0003da30: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n+0003da40: 3420 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 700a 2d2d 2d2d 4 net_bootp.----\n+0003da50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003da60: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f62 - Command: net_b\n+0003da70: 6f6f 7470 205b 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 2020 ootp [CARD]. \n+0003da80: 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 206e 6574 5f64 Alias for net_d\n+0003da90: 6863 702c 2066 6f72 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 hcp, for compati\n+0003daa0: 6269 6c69 7479 2077 6974 6820 6f6c 6465 bility with olde\n+0003dab0: 7220 4772 7562 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 732e r Grub versions.\n+0003dac0: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 6c6c 2070 6572 666f . Will perfo\n+0003dad0: 726d 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 4448 4350 rm the same DHCP\n+0003dae0: 2068 616e 6473 6861 6b65 2077 6974 6820 handshake with \n+0003daf0: 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 potential fallba\n+0003db00: 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2042 4f4f 5450 ck to. BOOTP\n+0003db10: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e65 745f 6468 6370 as the net_dhcp\n+0003db20: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 command (*note \n+0003db30: 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a net_dhcp::).....\n+0003db40: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003db50: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f Node: net_del_\n+0003db60: 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 addr, Next: net\n+0003db70: 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a _del_dns, Prev:\n+0003db80: 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 2c20 2055 703a net_bootp, Up:\n+0003db90: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n+0003dba0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e35 206e 6574 ands..17.5.5 net\n+0003dbb0: 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _del_addr.------\n+0003dbc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0003dbd0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n+0003dbe0: 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2049 4e54 4552 4641 del_addr INTERFA\n+0003dbf0: 4345 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2063 CE. Remove c\n+0003dc00: 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 494e 5445 5246 onfigured INTERF\n+0003dc10: 4143 4520 7769 7468 2061 7373 6f63 6961 ACE with associa\n+0003dc20: 7465 6420 6164 6472 6573 732e 0a0a 1f0a ted address.....\n+0003dc30: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0003dc40: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f Node: net_del_\n+0003dc50: 646e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f dns, Next: net_\n+0003dc60: 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5072 6576 del_route, Prev\n+0003dc70: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 : net_del_addr, \n+0003dc80: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n+0003dc90: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e36 commands..17.5.6\n+0003dca0: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d net_del_dns.---\n+0003dcb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003dcc0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n+0003dcd0: 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 7320 4144 4452 4553 t_del_dns ADDRES\n+0003dce0: 530a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 4144 S. Remove AD\n+0003dcf0: 4452 4553 5320 6672 6f6d 206c 6973 7420 DRESS from list \n+0003dd00: 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 6420 of servers used \n+0003dd10: 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b during name look\n+0003dd20: 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 up.....File: gru\n+0003dd30: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+0003dd40: 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 204e et_del_route, N\n+0003dd50: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2020 ext: net_dhcp, \n+0003dd60: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e Prev: net_del_dn\n+0003dd70: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 s, Up: Networki\n+0003dd80: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n+0003dd90: 352e 3720 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 5.7 net_del_rout\n+0003dda0: 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d e.--------------\n+0003ddb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0003ddc0: 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 and: net_del_rou\n+0003ddd0: 7465 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 0a20 2020 te SHORTNAME. \n+0003dde0: 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2072 6f75 7465 2065 Remove route e\n+0003ddf0: 6e74 7279 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 ntry identified \n+0003de00: 6279 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2e0a 0a1f by SHORTNAME....\n+0003de10: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003de20: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 , Node: net_dhc\n+0003de30: 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 p, Next: net_ge\n+0003de40: 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 t_dhcp_option, \n+0003de50: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f Prev: net_del_ro\n+0003de60: 7574 652c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 ute, Up: Networ\n+0003de70: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n+0003de80: 372e 352e 3820 6e65 745f 6468 6370 0a2d 7.5.8 net_dhcp.-\n+0003de90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0003dea0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n+0003deb0: 5f64 6863 7020 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 _dhcp [CARD]. \n+0003dec0: 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 636f 6e66 6967 Perform config\n+0003ded0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2043 4152 4420 uration of CARD \n+0003dee0: 7573 696e 6720 4448 4350 2070 726f 746f using DHCP proto\n+0003def0: 636f 6c2e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6361 7264 col. If no card\n+0003df00: 206e 616d 650a 2020 2020 2069 7320 7370 name. is sp\n+0003df10: 6563 6966 6965 642c 2074 7279 2074 6f20 ecified, try to \n+0003df20: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 616c 6c20 6578 configure all ex\n+0003df30: 6973 7469 6e67 2063 6172 6473 2e20 2046 isting cards. F\n+0003df40: 616c 6c73 2062 6163 6b20 746f 0a20 2020 alls back to. \n+0003df50: 2020 7468 6520 424f 4f54 5020 7072 6f74 the BOOTP prot\n+0003df60: 6f63 6f6c 2c20 6966 206e 6565 6465 642e ocol, if needed.\n+0003df70: 2020 4966 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 If configurati\n+0003df80: 6f6e 2077 6173 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 on was successfu\n+0003df90: 6c2c 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7465 7266 6163 l,. interfac\n+0003dfa0: 6520 7769 7468 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 e with name CARD\n+0003dfb0: e280 983a 6468 6370 e280 9920 616e 6420 ...:dhcp... and \n+0003dfc0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2061 6464 7265 configured addre\n+0003dfd0: 7373 2069 7320 6164 6465 6420 746f 0a20 ss is added to. \n+0003dfe0: 2020 2020 4341 5244 2e20 2041 6464 6974 CARD. Addit\n+0003dff0: 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7468 6520 666f 6c6c ionally the foll\n+0003e000: 6f77 696e 6720 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f owing DHCP optio\n+0003e010: 6e73 2061 7265 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 ns are recognize\n+0003e020: 6420 616e 640a 2020 2020 2070 726f 6365 d and. proce\n+0003e030: 7373 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 ssed:.. ...1\n+0003e040: 2028 5375 626e 6574 204d 6173 6b29 e280 (Subnet Mask)..\n+0003e050: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5573 6564 .. Used\n+0003e060: 2074 6f20 6361 6c63 756c 6174 6520 6e65 to calculate ne\n+0003e070: 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 6c20 726f 7574 twork local rout\n+0003e080: 696e 6720 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 696e ing entry for in\n+0003e090: 7465 7266 6163 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 terface. \n+0003e0a0: 2020 4341 5244 e280 983a 6468 6370 e280 CARD...:dhcp..\n+0003e0b0: 992e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9833 2028 526f ... ...3 (Ro\n+0003e0c0: 7574 6572 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 uter).... \n+0003e0d0: 2020 2041 6464 7320 6465 6661 756c 7420 Adds default \n+0003e0e0: 726f 7574 6520 656e 7472 7920 7769 7468 route entry with\n+0003e0f0: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 the name CARD..\n+0003e100: 983a 6468 6370 3a64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 .:dhcp:default..\n+0003e110: 9920 7669 610a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . via. \n+0003e120: 6761 7465 7761 7920 6672 6f6d 2044 4843 gateway from DHC\n+0003e130: 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 P option. Note \n+0003e140: 7468 6174 206f 6e6c 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e that only option\n+0003e150: 2077 6974 6820 7369 6e67 6c65 0a20 2020 with single. \n+0003e160: 2020 2020 2020 2072 6f75 7465 2069 7320 route is \n+0003e170: 6163 6365 7074 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 accepted.. .\n+0003e180: 8098 3620 2844 6f6d 6169 6e20 4e61 6d65 ..6 (Domain Name\n+0003e190: 2053 6572 7665 7229 e280 990a 2020 2020 Server).... \n+0003e1a0: 2020 2020 2020 4164 6473 2061 6c6c 2073 Adds all s\n+0003e1b0: 6572 7665 7273 2066 726f 6d20 6f70 7469 ervers from opti\n+0003e1c0: 6f6e 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6520 on value to the \n+0003e1d0: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7365 7276 6572 7320 list of servers \n+0003e1e0: 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 used. d\n+0003e1f0: 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 2072 6573 6f6c uring name resol\n+0003e200: 7574 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 ution.. ...1\n+0003e210: 3220 2848 6f73 7420 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 2 (Host Name)...\n+0003e220: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 . Sets \n+0003e230: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+0003e240: 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c able ...net_...<\n+0003e250: 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f 686f CARD>..._dhcp_ho\n+0003e260: 7374 6e61 6d65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 stname... (*note\n+0003e270: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c . net_<\n+0003e280: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 6f73 746e INTERFACE>_hostn\n+0003e290: 616d 653a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 ame::) to the va\n+0003e2a0: 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 lue of option.. \n+0003e2b0: 2020 2020 e280 9831 3520 2844 6f6d 6169 ...15 (Domai\n+0003e2c0: 6e20 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 n Name).... \n+0003e2d0: 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f Sets enviro\n+0003e2e0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 nment variable .\n+0003e2f0: 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 ..net_....\n+0003e300: 8098 5f64 6863 705f 646f 6d61 696e e280 .._dhcp_domain..\n+0003e310: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 . (*note. \n+0003e320: 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 net__domain::) to \n+0003e340: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 206f 7074 the value of opt\n+0003e350: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 3720 ion.. ...17 \n+0003e360: 2852 6f6f 7420 5061 7468 29e2 8099 0a20 (Root Path).... \n+0003e370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e Sets en\n+0003e380: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+0003e390: 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 le ...net_......_dhcp_root\n+0003e3b0: 7061 7468 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 path... (*note. \n+0003e3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e net__rootpat\n+0003e3e0: 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 h::) to the valu\n+0003e3f0: 6520 6f66 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e of option.. \n+0003e400: 2020 e280 9831 3820 2845 7874 656e 7369 ...18 (Extensi\n+0003e410: 6f6e 7320 5061 7468 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 ons Path).... \n+0003e420: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 Sets envi\n+0003e430: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+0003e440: 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 ...net_......_dhcp_extens\n+0003e460: 696f 6e73 7061 7468 e280 990a 2020 2020 ionspath.... \n+0003e470: 2020 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 (*note net\n+0003e480: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 __ext\n+0003e490: 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 683a 3a29 2074 ensionspath::) t\n+0003e4a0: 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 o the value of. \n+0003e4b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 7074 696f 6e2e option.\n+0003e4c0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9836 3620 2854 4654 . ...66 (TFT\n+0003e4d0: 5020 5365 7276 6572 204e 616d 6529 e280 P Server Name)..\n+0003e4e0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 .. Sets\n+0003e4f0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+0003e500: 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 iable ...net_...\n+0003e510: 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f 6468 6370 5f73 ..._dhcp_s\n+0003e520: 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 erver_name.... \n+0003e530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 206e (*note n\n+0003e540: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n+0003e550: 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 653a hcp_server_name:\n+0003e560: 3a29 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 :) to the value \n+0003e570: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 7074 of. opt\n+0003e580: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9836 3720 ion.. ...67 \n+0003e590: 2846 696c 656e 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 (Filename).... \n+0003e5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 Sets env\n+0003e5b0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+0003e5c0: 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 e ...net_......_boot_file.\n+0003e5e0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 .. (*note. \n+0003e5f0: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 net__boot_file::)\n+0003e610: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 to the value of\n+0003e620: 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 option.....File\n+0003e630: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0003e640: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 de: net_get_dhcp\n+0003e650: 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 _option, Next: \n+0003e660: 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e net_ipv6_autocon\n+0003e670: 662c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 f, Prev: net_dh\n+0003e680: 6370 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b cp, Up: Network\n+0003e690: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n+0003e6a0: 2e35 2e39 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 .5.9 net_get_dhc\n+0003e6b0: 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d p_option.-------\n 0003e6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003e6d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003e6e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f ommand: net_get_\n-0003e6f0: 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e20 5641 5220 dhcp_option VAR \n-0003e700: 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 4e55 4d42 4552 INTERFACE NUMBER\n-0003e710: 2054 5950 450a 2020 2020 2052 6571 7565 TYPE. Reque\n-0003e720: 7374 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 204e st DHCP option N\n-0003e730: 554d 4245 5220 6f66 2054 5950 4520 7669 UMBER of TYPE vi\n-0003e740: 6120 494e 5445 5246 4143 452e 2020 5459 a INTERFACE. TY\n-0003e750: 5045 2063 616e 2062 6520 6f6e 650a 2020 PE can be one. \n-0003e760: 2020 206f 6620 e280 9873 7472 696e 67e2 of ...string.\n-0003e770: 8099 2c20 e280 986e 756d 6265 72e2 8099 .., ...number...\n-0003e780: 206f 7220 e280 9868 6578 e280 992e 2020 or ...hex.... \n-0003e790: 4966 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2066 6f75 If option is fou\n-0003e7a0: 6e64 2c20 6173 7369 676e 2069 7473 0a20 nd, assign its. \n-0003e7b0: 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6520 746f 2076 6172 value to var\n-0003e7c0: 6961 626c 6520 5641 522e 2020 5661 6c75 iable VAR. Valu\n-0003e7d0: 6573 206f 6620 7479 7065 7320 e280 986e es of types ...n\n-0003e7e0: 756d 6265 72e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 umber... and ...\n-0003e7f0: 6865 78e2 8099 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 hex... are. \n-0003e800: 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 746f 2073 7472 converted to str\n-0003e810: 696e 6720 7265 7072 6573 656e 7461 7469 ing representati\n-0003e820: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n-0003e830: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-0003e840: 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 et_ipv6_autoconf\n-0003e850: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f , Next: net_ls_\n-0003e860: 6164 6472 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 addr, Prev: net\n-0003e870: 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e _get_dhcp_option\n-0003e880: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n-0003e890: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n-0003e8a0: 2e31 3020 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 .10 net_ipv6_aut\n-0003e8b0: 6f63 6f6e 660a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oconf.----------\n-0003e8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0003e8d0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n-0003e8e0: 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 6620 t_ipv6_autoconf \n-0003e8f0: 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 2020 5065 7266 [CARD]. Perf\n-0003e900: 6f72 6d20 4950 7636 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e orm IPv6 autocon\n-0003e910: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2062 7920 6164 figuration by ad\n-0003e920: 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4341 5244 ding to the CARD\n-0003e930: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2077 6974 680a interface with.\n-0003e940: 2020 2020 206e 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 name CARD..\n-0003e950: 983a 6c69 6e6b e280 9920 616e 6420 6c69 .:link... and li\n-0003e960: 6e6b 206c 6f63 616c 204d 4143 2d62 6173 nk local MAC-bas\n-0003e970: 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2049 6620 ed address. If \n-0003e980: 6e6f 2063 6172 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 no card is. \n-0003e990: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2070 6572 666f specified, perfo\n-0003e9a0: 726d 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 rm autoconfigura\n-0003e9b0: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 2065 7869 tion for all exi\n-0003e9c0: 7374 696e 6720 6361 7264 732e 0a0a 1f0a sting cards.....\n-0003e9d0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003e9e0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 Node: net_ls_a\n-0003e9f0: 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ddr, Next: net_\n-0003ea00: 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a ls_cards, Prev:\n-0003ea10: 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f net_ipv6_autoco\n-0003ea20: 6e66 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b nf, Up: Network\n-0003ea30: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n-0003ea40: 2e35 2e31 3120 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 .5.11 net_ls_add\n-0003ea50: 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r.--------------\n-0003ea60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0003ea70: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 720a nd: net_ls_addr.\n-0003ea80: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 636f List all co\n-0003ea90: 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6661 nfigured interfa\n-0003eaa0: 6365 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 204d ces with their M\n-0003eab0: 4143 2061 6e64 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 AC and IP addres\n-0003eac0: 7365 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ses.....File: gr\n-0003ead0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0003eae0: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 204e net_ls_cards, N\n-0003eaf0: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c ext: net_ls_dns,\n-0003eb00: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 Prev: net_ls_a\n-0003eb10: 6464 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 ddr, Up: Networ\n-0003eb20: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n-0003eb30: 372e 352e 3132 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7.5.12 net_ls_ca\n-0003eb40: 7264 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rds.------------\n-0003eb50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0003eb60: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 mmand: net_ls_ca\n-0003eb70: 7264 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c rds. List al\n-0003eb80: 6c20 6465 7465 6374 6564 206e 6574 776f l detected netwo\n-0003eb90: 726b 2063 6172 6473 2077 6974 6820 7468 rk cards with th\n-0003eba0: 6569 7220 4d41 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e eir MAC address.\n-0003ebb0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003ebc0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-0003ebd0: 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e ls_dns, Next: n\n-0003ebe0: 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 2c20 2050 et_ls_routes, P\n-0003ebf0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 rev: net_ls_card\n-0003ec00: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 s, Up: Networki\n-0003ec10: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n-0003ec20: 352e 3133 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 730a 5.13 net_ls_dns.\n-0003ec30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003ec40: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003ec50: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 730a 2020 2020 net_ls_dns. \n-0003ec60: 204c 6973 7420 6164 6472 6573 7365 7320 List addresses \n-0003ec70: 6f66 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 of DNS servers u\n-0003ec80: 7365 6420 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 sed during name \n-0003ec90: 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a lookup.....File:\n-0003eca0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003ecb0: 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 e: net_ls_routes\n-0003ecc0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c , Next: net_nsl\n-0003ecd0: 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 ookup, Prev: ne\n-0003ece0: 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e t_ls_dns, Up: N\n-0003ecf0: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n-0003ed00: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3420 6e65 745f ds..17.5.14 net_\n-0003ed10: 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ls_routes.------\n-0003ed20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0003ed30: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n-0003ed40: 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 730a 2020 2020 t_ls_routes. \n-0003ed50: 204c 6973 7420 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e List routing en\n-0003ed60: 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 tries.....File: \n-0003ed70: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0003ed80: 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 : net_nslookup, \n-0003ed90: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 Next: net_set_v\n-0003eda0: 6c61 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f lan, Prev: net_\n-0003edb0: 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 ls_routes, Up: \n-0003edc0: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n-0003edd0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3135 206e 6574 nds..17.5.15 net\n-0003ede0: 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _nslookup.------\n-0003edf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0003ee00: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n-0003ee10: 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 7020 4e41 4d45 205b _nslookup NAME [\n-0003ee20: 5345 5256 4552 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 SERVER]. Res\n-0003ee30: 6f6c 7665 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 olve address of \n-0003ee40: 4e41 4d45 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 2073 NAME using DNS s\n-0003ee50: 6572 7665 7220 5345 5256 4552 2e20 2049 erver SERVER. I\n-0003ee60: 6620 6e6f 2073 6572 7665 7220 6973 0a20 f no server is. \n-0003ee70: 2020 2020 6769 7665 6e2c 2075 7365 2064 given, use d\n-0003ee80: 6566 6175 6c74 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 efault list of s\n-0003ee90: 6572 7665 7273 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ervers.....File:\n-0003eea0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003eeb0: 653a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2c e: net_set_vlan,\n-0003eec0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f Prev: net_nslo\n-0003eed0: 6f6b 7570 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f okup, Up: Netwo\n-0003eee0: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n-0003eef0: 3137 2e35 2e31 3620 6e65 745f 7365 745f 17.5.16 net_set_\n-0003ef00: 766c 616e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d vlan.-----------\n-0003ef10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0003ef20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f ommand: net_set_\n-0003ef30: 766c 616e 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2056 vlan INTERFACE V\n-0003ef40: 4c41 4e49 440a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 LANID. Set t\n-0003ef50: 6865 2038 3032 2e31 5120 564c 414e 2069 he 802.1Q VLAN i\n-0003ef60: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6f6e 2049 4e54 dentifier on INT\n-0003ef70: 4552 4641 4345 2074 6f20 564c 414e 4944 ERFACE to VLANID\n-0003ef80: 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6578 616d . For. exam\n-0003ef90: 706c 652c 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 ple, to set the \n-0003efa0: 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 VLAN identifier \n-0003efb0: 6f6e 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 20e2 8098 on interface ...\n-0003efc0: 6566 696e 6574 31e2 8099 2074 6f0a 2020 efinet1... to. \n-0003efd0: 2020 20e2 8098 3130 30e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 ...100...:.. \n-0003efe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f73 6574 net_set\n-0003eff0: 5f76 6c61 6e20 6566 696e 6574 3120 3130 _vlan efinet1 10\n-0003f000: 300a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 564c 414e 0.. The VLAN\n-0003f010: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6361 6e20 identifier can \n-0003f020: 6265 2072 656d 6f76 6564 2062 7920 7365 be removed by se\n-0003f030: 7474 696e 6720 6974 2074 6f20 e280 9830 tting it to ...0\n-0003f040: e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ...:.. \n-0003f050: 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2065 6669 net_set_vlan efi\n-0003f060: 6e65 7431 2030 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 net1 0....File: \n-0003f070: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0003f080: 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 : Undocumented c\n-0003f090: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ommands, Prev: \n-0003f0a0: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n-0003f0b0: 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e nds, Up: Comman\n-0003f0c0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e36 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ds..17.6 Command\n-0003f0d0: 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 756e 646f s currently undo\n-0003f0e0: 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d cumented.=======\n+0003e6d0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003e6e0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f : net_get_dhcp_o\n+0003e6f0: 7074 696f 6e20 5641 5220 494e 5445 5246 ption VAR INTERF\n+0003e700: 4143 4520 4e55 4d42 4552 2054 5950 450a ACE NUMBER TYPE.\n+0003e710: 2020 2020 2052 6571 7565 7374 2044 4843 Request DHC\n+0003e720: 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 204e 554d 4245 5220 P option NUMBER \n+0003e730: 6f66 2054 5950 4520 7669 6120 494e 5445 of TYPE via INTE\n+0003e740: 5246 4143 452e 2020 5459 5045 2063 616e RFACE. TYPE can\n+0003e750: 2062 6520 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 be one. of \n+0003e760: e280 9873 7472 696e 67e2 8099 2c20 e280 ...string..., ..\n+0003e770: 986e 756d 6265 72e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 .number... or ..\n+0003e780: 9868 6578 e280 992e 2020 4966 206f 7074 .hex.... If opt\n+0003e790: 696f 6e20 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 6173 ion is found, as\n+0003e7a0: 7369 676e 2069 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7661 sign its. va\n+0003e7b0: 6c75 6520 746f 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 lue to variable \n+0003e7c0: 5641 522e 2020 5661 6c75 6573 206f 6620 VAR. Values of \n+0003e7d0: 7479 7065 7320 e280 986e 756d 6265 72e2 types ...number.\n+0003e7e0: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6865 78e2 8099 .. and ...hex...\n+0003e7f0: 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e76 6572 are. conver\n+0003e800: 7465 6420 746f 2073 7472 696e 6720 7265 ted to string re\n+0003e810: 7072 6573 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f presentation....\n+0003e820: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003e830: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 , Node: net_ipv\n+0003e840: 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 204e 6578 6_autoconf, Nex\n+0003e850: 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 t: net_ls_addr, \n+0003e860: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 Prev: net_get_d\n+0003e870: 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a hcp_option, Up:\n+0003e880: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n+0003e890: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3020 6e65 ands..17.5.10 ne\n+0003e8a0: 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 660a t_ipv6_autoconf.\n+0003e8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003e8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003e8d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 ommand: net_ipv6\n+0003e8e0: 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 6620 5b43 4152 445d _autoconf [CARD]\n+0003e8f0: 0a20 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 4950 . Perform IP\n+0003e900: 7636 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 v6 autoconfigura\n+0003e910: 7469 6f6e 2062 7920 6164 6469 6e67 2074 tion by adding t\n+0003e920: 6f20 7468 6520 4341 5244 2069 6e74 6572 o the CARD inter\n+0003e930: 6661 6365 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 206e face with. n\n+0003e940: 616d 6520 4341 5244 e280 983a 6c69 6e6b ame CARD...:link\n+0003e950: e280 9920 616e 6420 6c69 6e6b 206c 6f63 ... and link loc\n+0003e960: 616c 204d 4143 2d62 6173 6564 2061 6464 al MAC-based add\n+0003e970: 7265 7373 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 6172 ress. If no car\n+0003e980: 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 d is. specif\n+0003e990: 6965 642c 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 7574 ied, perform aut\n+0003e9a0: 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 oconfiguration f\n+0003e9b0: 6f72 2061 6c6c 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 or all existing \n+0003e9c0: 6361 7264 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 cards.....File: \n+0003e9d0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003e9e0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 : net_ls_addr, \n+0003e9f0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 Next: net_ls_car\n+0003ea00: 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f69 ds, Prev: net_i\n+0003ea10: 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 2055 pv6_autoconf, U\n+0003ea20: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n+0003ea30: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3120 mmands..17.5.11 \n+0003ea40: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d net_ls_addr.----\n+0003ea50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0003ea60: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 . -- Command: ne\n+0003ea70: 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 720a 2020 2020 204c t_ls_addr. L\n+0003ea80: 6973 7420 616c 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ist all configur\n+0003ea90: 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7320 7769 ed interfaces wi\n+0003eaa0: 7468 2074 6865 6972 204d 4143 2061 6e64 th their MAC and\n+0003eab0: 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7365 732e 0a0a IP addresses...\n+0003eac0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003ead0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 o, Node: net_ls\n+0003eae0: 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e _cards, Next: n\n+0003eaf0: 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 5072 6576 et_ls_dns, Prev\n+0003eb00: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 : net_ls_addr, \n+0003eb10: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n+0003eb20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3132 ommands..17.5.12\n+0003eb30: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 730a 2d2d net_ls_cards.--\n+0003eb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003eb50: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003eb60: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 730a 2020 net_ls_cards. \n+0003eb70: 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 6465 7465 List all dete\n+0003eb80: 6374 6564 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 6172 cted network car\n+0003eb90: 6473 2077 6974 6820 7468 6569 7220 4d41 ds with their MA\n+0003eba0: 4320 6164 6472 6573 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 C address.....Fi\n+0003ebb0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003ebc0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 Node: net_ls_dns\n+0003ebd0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f , Next: net_ls_\n+0003ebe0: 726f 7574 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e routes, Prev: n\n+0003ebf0: 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732c 2020 5570 et_ls_cards, Up\n+0003ec00: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n+0003ec10: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3133 206e mands..17.5.13 n\n+0003ec20: 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d et_ls_dns.------\n+0003ec30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003ec40: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c - Command: net_l\n+0003ec50: 735f 646e 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 s_dns. List \n+0003ec60: 6164 6472 6573 7365 7320 6f66 2044 4e53 addresses of DNS\n+0003ec70: 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 6420 6475 servers used du\n+0003ec80: 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 6c6f 6f6b 7570 ring name lookup\n+0003ec90: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003eca0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+0003ecb0: 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 2c20 204e 6578 _ls_routes, Nex\n+0003ecc0: 743a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 702c t: net_nslookup,\n+0003ecd0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 Prev: net_ls_d\n+0003ece0: 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b ns, Up: Network\n+0003ecf0: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n+0003ed00: 2e35 2e31 3420 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 .5.14 net_ls_rou\n+0003ed10: 7465 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tes.------------\n+0003ed20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003ed30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 ommand: net_ls_r\n+0003ed40: 6f75 7465 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 outes. List \n+0003ed50: 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 6965 732e routing entries.\n+0003ed60: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003ed70: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+0003ed80: 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 204e 6578 743a nslookup, Next:\n+0003ed90: 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2c 2020 net_set_vlan, \n+0003eda0: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 Prev: net_ls_rou\n+0003edb0: 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 tes, Up: Networ\n+0003edc0: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n+0003edd0: 372e 352e 3135 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 7.5.15 net_nsloo\n+0003ede0: 6b75 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d kup.------------\n+0003edf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003ee00: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f mmand: net_nsloo\n+0003ee10: 6b75 7020 4e41 4d45 205b 5345 5256 4552 kup NAME [SERVER\n+0003ee20: 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 6f6c 7665 2061 ]. Resolve a\n+0003ee30: 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 4e41 4d45 2075 ddress of NAME u\n+0003ee40: 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7220 sing DNS server \n+0003ee50: 5345 5256 4552 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2073 SERVER. If no s\n+0003ee60: 6572 7665 7220 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6769 erver is. gi\n+0003ee70: 7665 6e2c 2075 7365 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ven, use default\n+0003ee80: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 list of servers\n+0003ee90: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003eea0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+0003eeb0: 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 _set_vlan, Prev\n+0003eec0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 : net_nslookup, \n+0003eed0: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n+0003eee0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 commands..17.5.1\n+0003eef0: 3620 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 0a2d 6 net_set_vlan.-\n+0003ef00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003ef10: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003ef20: 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2049 : net_set_vlan I\n+0003ef30: 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2056 4c41 4e49 440a NTERFACE VLANID.\n+0003ef40: 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 2038 3032 Set the 802\n+0003ef50: 2e31 5120 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 6966 .1Q VLAN identif\n+0003ef60: 6965 7220 6f6e 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ier on INTERFACE\n+0003ef70: 2074 6f20 564c 414e 4944 2e20 2046 6f72 to VLANID. For\n+0003ef80: 0a20 2020 2020 6578 616d 706c 652c 2074 . example, t\n+0003ef90: 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 564c 414e 2069 o set the VLAN i\n+0003efa0: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 6f6e 2069 6e74 dentifier on int\n+0003efb0: 6572 6661 6365 20e2 8098 6566 696e 6574 erface ...efinet\n+0003efc0: 31e2 8099 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 1... to. ...\n+0003efd0: 3130 30e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 100...:.. \n+0003efe0: 2020 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e20 net_set_vlan \n+0003eff0: 6566 696e 6574 3120 3130 300a 0a20 2020 efinet1 100.. \n+0003f000: 2020 5468 6520 564c 414e 2069 6465 6e74 The VLAN ident\n+0003f010: 6966 6965 7220 6361 6e20 6265 2072 656d ifier can be rem\n+0003f020: 6f76 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 6720 oved by setting \n+0003f030: 6974 2074 6f20 e280 9830 e280 993a 0a0a it to ...0...:..\n+0003f040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 7365 net_se\n+0003f050: 745f 766c 616e 2065 6669 6e65 7431 2030 t_vlan efinet1 0\n+0003f060: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003f070: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 556e 646f nfo, Node: Undo\n+0003f080: 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 cumented command\n+0003f090: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 s, Prev: Networ\n+0003f0a0: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 king commands, \n+0003f0b0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 Up: Commands..17\n+0003f0c0: 2e36 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6375 7272 .6 Commands curr\n+0003f0d0: 656e 746c 7920 756e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 ently undocument\n+0003f0e0: 6564 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ed.=============\n 0003f0f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003f100: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a55 =============..U\n-0003f110: 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f nfortunately, no\n-0003f120: 7420 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 t all GRUB comma\n-0003f130: 6e64 7320 6172 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 nds are document\n-0003f140: 6564 2061 7420 7468 6973 2074 696d 6520 ed at this time \n-0003f150: 6475 6520 746f 0a64 6576 656c 6f70 6572 due to.developer\n-0003f160: 2072 6573 6f75 7263 6520 636f 6e73 7472 resource constr\n-0003f170: 6169 6e74 732e 2020 4f6e 6520 7761 7920 aints. One way \n-0003f180: 746f 2063 6f6e 7472 6962 7574 6520 6261 to contribute ba\n-0003f190: 636b 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4752 5542 0a70 ck to the GRUB.p\n-0003f1a0: 726f 6a65 6374 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 roject would be \n-0003f1b0: 746f 2068 656c 7020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 to help document\n-0003f1c0: 2074 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c these commands,\n-0003f1d0: 2061 6e64 2073 7562 6d69 7420 7061 7463 and submit patc\n-0003f1e0: 6865 7320 6f72 0a69 6465 6173 2074 6f20 hes or.ideas to \n-0003f1f0: 7468 6520 6d61 696c 696e 6720 6c69 7374 the mailing list\n-0003f200: 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 . The following\n-0003f210: 2069 7320 6120 286d 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 is a (most like\n-0003f220: 6c79 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 6529 0a6c ly incomplete).l\n-0003f230: 6973 7420 6f66 2075 6e64 6f63 756d 656e ist of undocumen\n-0003f240: 7465 6420 6f72 2070 6f6f 726c 7920 646f ted or poorly do\n-0003f250: 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 cumented command\n-0003f260: 7320 616e 6420 6e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6f66 s and not all of\n-0003f270: 2074 6865 6d0a 6172 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 them.are allowe\n-0003f280: 6420 666f 7220 616c 6c20 706c 6174 666f d for all platfo\n-0003f290: 726d 732e 2020 5275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 rms. Running th\n-0003f2a0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6865 6c70 2066 e command help f\n-0003f2b0: 726f 6d20 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 0a47 rom within the.G\n-0003f2c0: 5255 4220 7368 656c 6c20 6d61 7920 7072 RUB shell may pr\n-0003f2d0: 6f76 6964 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 ovide more infor\n-0003f2e0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7061 7261 6d65 mation on parame\n-0003f2f0: 7465 7273 2061 6e64 2075 7361 6765 2e0a ters and usage..\n-0003f300: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9861 6c6c 5f66 . ... ...all_f\n-0003f310: 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c5f 7465 7374 e280 unctional_test..\n-0003f320: 9920 2d20 5275 6e20 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 . - Run all func\n-0003f330: 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6573 7473 2e0a 2020 tional tests.. \n-0003f340: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6261 636b 7472 6163 ... ...backtrac\n-0003f350: 65e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 2062 6163 e... - Print bac\n-0003f360: 6b74 7261 6365 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ktrace.. ... .\n-0003f370: 8098 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 ..boottime... - \n-0003f380: 5368 6f77 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2073 Show boot time s\n-0003f390: 7461 7469 7374 6963 732e 0a20 2020 e280 tatistics.. ..\n-0003f3a0: a220 e280 9863 6163 6865 696e 666f e280 . ...cacheinfo..\n-0003f3b0: 9920 2d20 4765 7420 6469 736b 2063 6163 . - Get disk cac\n-0003f3c0: 6865 2069 6e66 6f2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 he info.. ... \n-0003f3d0: e280 9863 626d 656d 63e2 8099 202d 2053 ...cbmemc... - S\n-0003f3e0: 686f 7720 4342 4d45 4d20 636f 6e73 6f6c how CBMEM consol\n-0003f3f0: 6520 636f 6e74 656e 742e 0a20 2020 e280 e content.. ..\n-0003f400: a220 e280 9863 6d6f 7373 6574 e280 9920 . ...cmosset... \n-0003f410: 2d20 5365 7420 6269 7420 6174 2042 5954 - Set bit at BYT\n-0003f420: 453a 4249 5420 696e 2043 4d4f 532e 0a20 E:BIT in CMOS.. \n-0003f430: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 6f72 6562 6f6f ... ...coreboo\n-0003f440: 745f 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 t_boottime... - \n-0003f450: 5368 6f77 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 626f Show coreboot bo\n-0003f460: 6f74 2074 696d 6520 7374 6174 6973 7469 ot time statisti\n-0003f470: 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6475 cs.. ... ...du\n-0003f480: 6d70 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 206d 656d mp... - Show mem\n-0003f490: 6f72 7920 636f 6e74 656e 7473 2e0a 2020 ory contents.. \n-0003f4a0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6566 6965 6d75 5f6c ... ...efiemu_l\n-0003f4b0: 6f61 6463 6f72 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 oadcore... - Loa\n-0003f4c0: 6420 616e 6420 696e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 d and initialize\n-0003f4d0: 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 EFI emulator.. \n-0003f4e0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 6669 656d 755f ... ...efiemu_\n-0003f4f0: 7072 6570 6172 65e2 8099 202d 2046 696e prepare... - Fin\n-0003f500: 616c 697a 6520 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 alize loading of\n-0003f510: 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 EFI emulator.. \n-0003f520: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 6669 656d 755f ... ...efiemu_\n-0003f530: 756e 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 556e 6c6f unload... - Unlo\n-0003f540: 6164 2045 4649 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e ad EFI emulator.\n-0003f550: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7869 74e2 . ... ...exit.\n-0003f560: 8099 202d 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2047 .. - Exit from G\n-0003f570: 5255 422e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 RUB.. ... ...e\n-0003f580: 7874 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 xtract_entries_c\n-0003f590: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 204c onfigfile... - L\n-0003f5a0: 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e66 oad another conf\n-0003f5b0: 6967 2066 696c 6520 6275 7420 7461 6b65 ig file but take\n-0003f5c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 . only menu \n-0003f5d0: 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 entries.. ... \n-0003f5e0: e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 ...extract_entri\n-0003f5f0: 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 204c es_source... - L\n-0003f600: 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e66 oad another conf\n-0003f610: 6967 2066 696c 6520 7769 7468 6f75 740a ig file without.\n-0003f620: 2020 2020 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 636f changing co\n-0003f630: 6e74 6578 7420 6275 7420 7461 6b65 206f ntext but take o\n-0003f640: 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 nly menu entries\n-0003f650: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 .. ... ...extr\n-0003f660: 6163 745f 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 7269 act_legacy_entri\n-0003f670: 6573 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 es_configfile...\n-0003f680: 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 - Parse legacy \n-0003f690: 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 770a 2020 config in new. \n-0003f6a0: 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e context takin\n-0003f6b0: 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 g only menu entr\n-0003f6c0: 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 ies. ... ...ex\n-0003f6d0: 7472 6163 745f 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 tract_legacy_ent\n-0003f6e0: 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d ries_source... -\n-0003f6f0: 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f Parse legacy co\n-0003f700: 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 nfig in same. \n-0003f710: 2020 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 context taking\n-0003f720: 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 only menu entri\n-0003f730: 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 es. ... ...ext\n-0003f740: 7261 6374 5f73 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 656e ract_syslinux_en\n-0003f750: 7472 6965 735f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 tries_configfile\n-0003f760: e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 ... - Execute sy\n-0003f770: 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e slinux config in\n-0003f780: 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 . new contex\n-0003f790: 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 t taking only me\n-0003f7a0: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 nu entries. ..\n-0003f7b0: a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f73 7973 . ...extract_sys\n-0003f7c0: 6c69 6e75 785f 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f linux_entries_so\n-0003f7d0: 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 urce... - Execut\n-0003f7e0: 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 e syslinux confi\n-0003f7f0: 6720 696e 2073 616d 650a 2020 2020 2063 g in same. c\n-0003f800: 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e ontext taking on\n-0003f810: 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a ly menu entries.\n-0003f820: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6661 6b65 6269 ... ...fakebi\n-0003f830: 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 4372 6561 7465 2042 os... - Create B\n-0003f840: 494f 532d 6c69 6b65 2073 7472 7563 7475 IOS-like structu\n-0003f850: 7265 7320 666f 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 res for backward\n-0003f860: 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 0a20 compatibility. \n-0003f870: 2020 2020 7769 7468 2065 7869 7374 696e with existin\n-0003f880: 6720 4f53 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 g OS.. ... ...\n-0003f890: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4368 6563 6b20 file... - Check \n-0003f8a0: 6966 2046 494c 4520 6973 206f 6620 7370 if FILE is of sp\n-0003f8b0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 7479 7065 2e0a 2020 ecified type.. \n-0003f8c0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6669 785f 7669 6465 ... ...fix_vide\n-0003f8d0: 6fe2 8099 202d 2046 6978 2076 6964 656f o... - Fix video\n-0003f8e0: 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 problem.. ...\n-0003f8f0: 20e2 8098 6670 7377 61e2 8099 202d 2044 ...fpswa... - D\n-0003f900: 6973 706c 6179 2046 5053 5741 2076 6572 isplay FPSWA ver\n-0003f910: 7369 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 sion.. ... ...\n-0003f920: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 5f74 6573 74e2 functional_test.\n-0003f930: 8099 202d 2052 756e 2061 6c6c 206c 6f61 .. - Run all loa\n-0003f940: 6465 6420 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 ded functional t\n-0003f950: 6573 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ests.. ... ...\n-0003f960: 6764 6273 7475 625f 6272 6561 6be2 8099 gdbstub_break...\n-0003f970: 202d 2042 7265 616b 2069 6e74 6f20 4744 - Break into GD\n-0003f980: 420a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 B. ... ...gdbs\n-0003f990: 7475 62e2 8099 202d 2053 7461 7274 2047 tub... - Start G\n-0003f9a0: 4442 2073 7475 6220 6f6e 2067 6976 656e DB stub on given\n-0003f9b0: 2070 6f72 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 port. ... ...\n-0003f9c0: 6764 6273 7475 625f 7374 6f70 e280 9920 gdbstub_stop... \n-0003f9d0: 2d20 5374 6f70 2047 4442 2073 7475 620a - Stop GDB stub.\n-0003f9e0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6864 7061 726d ... ...hdparm\n-0003f9f0: e280 9920 2d20 4765 742f 7365 7420 4154 ... - Get/set AT\n-0003fa00: 4120 6469 736b 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 A disk parameter\n-0003fa10: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9868 6578 s.. ... ...hex\n-0003fa20: 6475 6d70 5f72 616e 646f 6de2 8099 202d dump_random... -\n-0003fa30: 2048 6578 6475 6d70 2072 616e 646f 6d20 Hexdump random \n-0003fa40: 6461 7461 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 data.. ... ...\n-0003fa50: 696e 62e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 382d inb... - Read 8-\n-0003fa60: 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 bit value from P\n-0003fa70: 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 ORT.. ... ...i\n-0003fa80: 6e6c e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2033 322d nl... - Read 32-\n-0003fa90: 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 bit value from P\n-0003faa0: 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 ORT.. ... ...i\n-0003fab0: 6e77 e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2031 362d nw... - Read 16-\n-0003fac0: 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 bit value from P\n-0003fad0: 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986a ORT.. ... ...j\n-0003fae0: 7065 6774 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 pegtest... - Tes\n-0003faf0: 7473 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 4a50 ts loading of JP\n-0003fb00: 4547 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 e280 EG bitmap.. ..\n-0003fb10: a220 e280 986b 6579 6d61 70e2 8099 202d . ...keymap... -\n-0003fb20: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 Load a keyboard\n-0003fb30: 206c 6179 6f75 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 layout.. ... \n-0003fb40: e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 6368 6563 6b5f ...legacy_check_\n-0003fb50: 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5369 password... - Si\n-0003fb60: 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 mulate grub-lega\n-0003fb70: 6379 2027 7061 7373 776f 7264 2720 636f cy 'password' co\n-0003fb80: 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6d65 mmand. in me\n-0003fb90: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 206d 6f64 650a 2020 nu entry mode. \n-0003fba0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 ... ...legacy_c\n-0003fbb0: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2050 onfigfile... - P\n-0003fbc0: 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 arse legacy conf\n-0003fbd0: 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 ig in new contex\n-0003fbe0: 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 t. ... ...lega\n-0003fbf0: 6379 5f70 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 202d cy_password... -\n-0003fc00: 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c Simulate grub-l\n-0003fc10: 6567 6163 7920 2770 6173 7377 6f72 6427 egacy 'password'\n-0003fc20: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 command. ... \n-0003fc30: e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 736f 7572 6365 ...legacy_source\n-0003fc40: e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 6761 ... - Parse lega\n-0003fc50: 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d cy config in sam\n-0003fc60: 6520 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 e context. ...\n-0003fc70: 20e2 8098 6c6f 6164 6269 6f73 e280 9920 ...loadbios... \n-0003fc80: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2042 494f 5320 6475 6d70 - Load BIOS dump\n-0003fc90: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6163 .. ... ...lsac\n-0003fca0: 7069 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 4350 pi... - Show ACP\n-0003fcb0: 4920 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 I information.. \n-0003fcc0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7361 706d e280 ... ...lsapm..\n-0003fcd0: 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 504d 2069 6e66 . - Show APM inf\n-0003fce0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ormation.. ...\n-0003fcf0: 20e2 8098 6c73 636f 7265 626f 6f74 e280 ...lscoreboot..\n-0003fd00: 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f . - List coreboo\n-0003fd10: 7420 7461 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 t tables.. ...\n-0003fd20: 20e2 8098 6c73 6465 76e2 8099 202d 204c ...lsdev... - L\n-0003fd30: 6973 7420 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a20 2020 ist devices.. \n-0003fd40: e280 a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 e280 9920 ... ...lsefi... \n-0003fd50: 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4546 4920 6861 - Display EFI ha\n-0003fd60: 6e64 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ndles.. ... ..\n-0003fd70: 986c 7365 6669 6d6d 6170 e280 9920 2d20 .lsefimmap... - \n-0003fd80: 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f Display EFI memo\n-0003fd90: 7279 206d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ry map.. ... .\n-0003fda0: 8098 6c73 6566 6973 7973 7461 62e2 8099 ..lsefisystab...\n-0003fdb0: 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 2045 4649 2073 - Display EFI s\n-0003fdc0: 7973 7465 6d20 7461 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 ystem tables.. \n-0003fdd0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6d6d 6170 e280 ... ...lsmmap..\n-0003fde0: 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 206d 656d 6f72 7920 . - List memory \n-0003fdf0: 6d61 7020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 map provided by \n-0003fe00: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 firmware.. ...\n-0003fe10: 20e2 8098 6c73 7063 69e2 8099 202d 204c ...lspci... - L\n-0003fe20: 6973 7420 5043 4920 6465 7669 6365 732e ist PCI devices.\n-0003fe30: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7373 616c . ... ...lssal\n-0003fe40: e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 5341 ... - Display SA\n-0003fe50: 4c20 7379 7374 656d 2074 6162 6c65 2e0a L system table..\n-0003fe60: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 7370 64e2 ... ...lsspd.\n-0003fe70: 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 204d 656d 6f72 .. - Print Memor\n-0003fe80: 7920 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 y information.. \n-0003fe90: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 6163 7070 6362 ... ...macppcb\n-0003fea0: 6c65 7373 e280 9920 2d20 426c 6573 7320 less... - Bless \n-0003feb0: 4449 5220 6f66 2048 4653 206f 7220 4846 DIR of HFS or HF\n-0003fec0: 532b 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 S+ partition for\n-0003fed0: 2050 5043 206d 6163 732e 0a20 2020 e280 PPC macs.. ..\n-0003fee0: a220 e280 986d 6163 7465 6c62 6c65 7373 . ...mactelbless\n-0003fef0: e280 9920 2d20 426c 6573 7320 4649 4c45 ... - Bless FILE\n-0003ff00: 206f 6620 4846 5320 6f72 2048 4653 2b20 of HFS or HFS+ \n-0003ff10: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 666f 7220 696e partition for in\n-0003ff20: 7465 6c20 6d61 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 tel macs.. ...\n-0003ff30: 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e ...net_set_vlan\n-0003ff40: e280 9920 2d20 5365 7420 616e 2069 6e74 ... - Set an int\n-0003ff50: 6572 6661 6365 2773 2076 6c61 6e20 6964 erface's vlan id\n-0003ff60: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6f75 7462 .. ... ...outb\n-0003ff70: e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 382d 6269 ... - Write 8-bi\n-0003ff80: 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e t VALUE to PORT.\n-0003ff90: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986f 7574 6ce2 . ... ...outl.\n-0003ffa0: 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2033 322d 6269 .. - Write 32-bi\n-0003ffb0: 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e t VALUE to PORT.\n-0003ffc0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986f 7574 77e2 . ... ...outw.\n-0003ffd0: 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2031 362d 6269 .. - Write 16-bi\n-0003ffe0: 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e t VALUE to PORT.\n-0003fff0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9870 6369 6475 . ... ...pcidu\n-00040000: 6d70 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2072 6177 mp... - Show raw\n-00040010: 2064 756d 7020 6f66 2074 6865 2050 4349 dump of the PCI\n-00040020: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 configuration s\n-00040030: 7061 6365 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 pace.. ... ...\n-00040040: 706e 6774 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 pngtest... - Tes\n-00040050: 7473 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 504e ts loading of PN\n-00040060: 4720 6269 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 G bitmap.. ...\n-00040070: 20e2 8098 7265 6164 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 ...read_byte...\n-00040080: 202d 2052 6561 6420 382d 6269 7420 7661 - Read 8-bit va\n-00040090: 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 522e 0a20 lue from ADDR.. \n-000400a0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9872 6561 645f 6477 ... ...read_dw\n-000400b0: 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 3332 ord... - Read 32\n-000400c0: 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 -bit value from \n-000400d0: 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ADDR.. ... ...\n-000400e0: 7265 6164 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2052 read_word... - R\n-000400f0: 6561 6420 3136 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 ead 16-bit value\n-00040100: 2066 726f 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 from ADDR.. .\n-00040110: 80a2 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6369 e280 9920 .. ...setpci... \n-00040120: 2d20 4d61 6e69 7075 6c61 7465 2050 4349 - Manipulate PCI\n-00040130: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 devices.. ...\n-00040140: 20e2 8098 7375 7370 656e 64e2 8099 202d ...suspend... -\n-00040150: 2052 6574 7572 6e20 746f 2049 4545 4531 Return to IEEE1\n-00040160: 3237 3520 7072 6f6d 7074 2e0a 2020 20e2 275 prompt.. .\n-00040170: 80a2 20e2 8098 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f63 .. ...syslinux_c\n-00040180: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2045 onfigfile... - E\n-00040190: 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 xecute syslinux \n-000401a0: 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 636f config in new co\n-000401b0: 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ntext. ... ...\n-000401c0: 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 syslinux_source.\n-000401d0: 8099 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 .. - Execute sys\n-000401e0: 6c69 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 linux config in \n-000401f0: 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 same context. \n-00040200: e280 a220 e280 9874 6573 745f 626c 6f63 ... ...test_bloc\n-00040210: 6b61 7267 e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 karg... - Print \n-00040220: 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6520 626c 6f63 and execute bloc\n-00040230: 6b20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2e2c 2030 0a20 k argument., 0. \n-00040240: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 6573 746c 6f61 ... ...testloa\n-00040250: 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 d... - Load the \n-00040260: 7361 6d65 2066 696c 6520 696e 206d 756c same file in mul\n-00040270: 7469 706c 6520 7761 7973 2e0a 2020 20e2 tiple ways.. .\n-00040280: 80a2 20e2 8098 7465 7374 7370 6565 64e2 .. ...testspeed.\n-00040290: 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 6669 6c65 2072 .. - Test file r\n-000402a0: 6561 6420 7370 6565 642e 0a20 2020 e280 ead speed.. ..\n-000402b0: a220 e280 9874 6761 7465 7374 e280 9920 . ...tgatest... \n-000402c0: 2d20 5465 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 - Tests loading \n-000402d0: 6f66 2054 4741 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 of TGA bitmap.. \n-000402e0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 696d 65e2 8099 ... ...time...\n-000402f0: 202d 204d 6561 7375 7265 2074 696d 6520 - Measure time \n-00040300: 7573 6564 2062 7920 434f 4d4d 414e 440a used by COMMAND.\n-00040310: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7472 e280 9920 ... ...tr... \n-00040320: 2d20 5472 616e 736c 6174 6520 5345 5431 - Translate SET1\n-00040330: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 746f 2053 characters to S\n-00040340: 4554 3220 696e 2053 5452 494e 472e 0a20 ET2 in STRING.. \n-00040350: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9875 7362 e280 9920 ... ...usb... \n-00040360: 2d20 5465 7374 2055 5342 2073 7570 706f - Test USB suppo\n-00040370: 7274 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7662 rt.. ... ...vb\n-00040380: 6569 6e66 6fe2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 einfo... - List \n-00040390: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 available video \n-000403a0: 6d6f 6465 732e 2020 4966 2072 6573 6f6c modes. If resol\n-000403b0: 7574 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 0a20 ution is given. \n-000403c0: 2020 2020 7368 6f77 206f 6e6c 7920 6d6f show only mo\n-000403d0: 6465 7320 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2069 742e des matching it.\n-000403e0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9876 6265 7465 . ... ...vbete\n-000403f0: 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 2076 6964 st... - Test vid\n-00040400: 656f 2073 7562 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 2020 eo subsystem.. \n-00040410: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7669 6465 6f74 6573 ... ...videotes\n-00040420: 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 7669 6465 t... - Test vide\n-00040430: 6f20 7375 6273 7973 7465 6d20 696e 206d o subsystem in m\n-00040440: 6f64 6520 5778 482e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ode WxH.. ... \n-00040450: e280 9877 7269 7465 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 ...write_byte...\n-00040460: 202d 2057 7269 7465 2038 2d62 6974 2056 - Write 8-bit V\n-00040470: 414c 5545 2074 6f20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 ALUE to ADDR.. \n-00040480: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 6974 655f 6477 ... ...write_dw\n-00040490: 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2033 ord... - Write 3\n-000404a0: 322d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2041 2-bit VALUE to A\n-000404b0: 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9877 DDR.. ... ...w\n-000404c0: 7269 7465 5f77 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2057 rite_word... - W\n-000404d0: 7269 7465 2031 362d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 rite 16-bit VALU\n-000404e0: 4520 746f 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 E to ADDR.. ..\n-000404f0: a220 e280 9878 656e 5f63 6174 e280 9920 . ...xen_cat... \n-00040500: 2d20 4c69 7374 2058 656e 2073 746f 7261 - List Xen stora\n-00040510: 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7865 ge.. ... ...xe\n-00040520: 6e5f 6c73 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2058 n_ls... - List X\n-00040530: 656e 2073 746f 7261 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 en storage.. .\n-00040540: 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6465 7670 726f .. ...xnu_devpro\n-00040550: 705f 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 p_load... - Load\n-00040560: 2027 6465 7669 6365 2d70 726f 7065 7274 'device-propert\n-00040570: 6965 7327 2064 756d 702e 0a20 2020 e280 ies' dump.. ..\n-00040580: a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 . ...xnu_uuid...\n-00040590: 202d 2054 7261 6e73 666f 726d 2036 342d - Transform 64-\n-000405a0: 6269 7420 5555 4944 2074 6f20 666f 726d bit UUID to form\n-000405b0: 6174 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 at suitable for \n-000405c0: 584e 552e 2049 660a 2020 2020 202d 6c20 XNU. If. -l \n-000405d0: 6973 2067 6976 656e 206b 6565 7020 6974 is given keep it\n-000405e0: 206c 6f77 6572 6361 7365 2061 7320 646f lowercase as do\n-000405f0: 6e65 2062 7920 626c 6b69 642e 0a20 2020 ne by blkid.. \n-00040600: e280 a220 e280 987a 6673 2d62 6f6f 7466 ... ...zfs-bootf\n-00040610: 73e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 205a 4653 s... - Print ZFS\n-00040620: 2d42 4f4f 5446 534f 424a 206f 7220 7374 -BOOTFSOBJ or st\n-00040630: 6f72 6520 6974 2069 6e74 6f20 5641 5249 ore it into VARI\n-00040640: 4142 4c45 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 987a ABLE. ... ...z\n-00040650: 6673 696e 666f e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e fsinfo... - Prin\n-00040660: 7420 5a46 5320 696e 666f 2061 626f 7574 t ZFS info about\n-00040670: 2044 4556 4943 452e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 DEVICE.. ... \n-00040680: e280 987a 6673 6b65 79e2 8099 202d 2049 ...zfskey... - I\n-00040690: 6d70 6f72 7420 5a46 5320 7772 6170 7069 mport ZFS wrappi\n-000406a0: 6e67 206b 6579 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e ng key stored in\n-000406b0: 2046 494c 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 FILE.....File: \n-000406c0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000406d0: 3a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 : Internationali\n-000406e0: 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 sation, Next: S\n-000406f0: 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ecurity, Prev: \n-00040700: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2054 Commands, Up: T\n-00040710: 6f70 0a0a 3138 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 op..18 Internati\n-00040720: 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a onalisation.****\n-00040730: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00040740: 2a2a 2a0a 0a31 382e 3120 4368 6172 7365 ***..18.1 Charse\n-00040750: 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a t.============..\n-00040760: 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 5554 462d 3820 GRUB uses UTF-8 \n-00040770: 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 206f 7468 6572 internally other\n-00040780: 2074 6861 6e20 696e 2072 656e 6465 7269 than in renderi\n-00040790: 6e67 2077 6865 7265 2073 6f6d 650a 4752 ng where some.GR\n-000407a0: 5542 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6170 7072 UB-specific appr\n-000407b0: 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7265 7072 6573 656e opriate represen\n-000407c0: 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2e20 tation is used. \n-000407d0: 2041 6c6c 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 730a All text files.\n-000407e0: 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2063 6f6e 6669 (including confi\n-000407f0: 6729 2061 7265 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 g) are assumed t\n-00040800: 6f20 6265 2065 6e63 6f64 6564 2069 6e20 o be encoded in \n-00040810: 5554 462d 382e 0a0a 3138 2e32 2046 696c UTF-8...18.2 Fil\n-00040820: 6573 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d esystems.=======\n-00040830: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4e 5446 532c =========..NTFS,\n-00040840: 204a 4653 2c20 5544 462c 2048 4653 2b2c JFS, UDF, HFS+,\n-00040850: 2065 7846 4154 2c20 6c6f 6e67 2066 696c exFAT, long fil\n-00040860: 656e 616d 6573 2069 6e20 4641 542c 204a enames in FAT, J\n-00040870: 6f6c 6965 7420 7061 7274 206f 660a 4953 oliet part of.IS\n-00040880: 4f39 3636 3020 6172 6520 7472 6561 7465 O9660 are treate\n-00040890: 6420 6173 2055 5446 2d31 3620 6173 2070 d as UTF-16 as p\n-000408a0: 6572 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e er specification\n-000408b0: 2e20 2041 4653 2061 6e64 2042 4653 2061 . 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And.\n-00040a60: 6974 2773 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 it's recommended\n-00040a70: 2074 6f20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 796f to configure yo\n-00040a80: 7572 2073 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2075 7365 ur system to use\n-00040a90: 2055 5446 2d38 2074 6f20 6163 6365 7373 UTF-8 to access\n-00040aa0: 2074 6865 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c the.filesystem,\n-00040ab0: 2063 6f6e 766d 7620 6d61 7920 6865 6c70 convmv may help\n-00040ac0: 2077 6974 6820 6d69 6772 6174 696f 6e2e with migration.\n-00040ad0: 2020 4953 4f39 3636 3020 2870 6c61 696e ISO9660 (plain\n-00040ae0: 2920 6669 6c65 6e61 6d65 730a 6172 6520 ) filenames.are \n-00040af0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2062 6569 specified as bei\n-00040b00: 6e67 2041 5343 4949 206f 7220 6265 696e ng ASCII or bein\n-00040b10: 6720 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 7769 7468 g described with\n-00040b20: 2075 6e73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2065 7363 unspecified esc\n-00040b30: 6170 650a 7365 7175 656e 6365 732e 2020 ape.sequences. \n-00040b40: 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 2074 6861 GRUB assumes tha\n-00040b50: 7420 7468 6520 4953 4f39 3636 3020 6e61 t the ISO9660 na\n-00040b60: 6d65 7320 6172 6520 5554 462d 3820 2873 mes are UTF-8 (s\n-00040b70: 696e 6365 2061 6e79 0a41 5343 4949 2069 ince any.ASCII i\n-00040b80: 7320 7661 6c69 6420 5554 462d 3829 2e20 s valid UTF-8). \n-00040b90: 2054 6865 7265 2061 7265 2073 6f6d 6520 There are some \n-00040ba0: 6f6c 6420 4344 2d52 4f4d 7320 7768 6963 old CD-ROMs whic\n-00040bb0: 6820 7573 6520 4350 3433 3720 696e 0a6e h use CP437 in.n\n-00040bc0: 6f6e 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2077 6179 on-compliant way\n-00040bd0: 2e20 2059 6f75 2772 6520 7374 696c 6c20 . 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Serial i\n-00041980: 6e70 7574 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c nput is currentl\n-00041990: 790a 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 666f 7220 6c61 y.limited for la\n-000419a0: 7469 6e31 2028 756e 6c69 6b65 6c79 2074 tin1 (unlikely t\n-000419b0: 6f20 6368 616e 6765 292e 2020 4f77 6e20 o change). Own \n-000419c0: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 keyboard impleme\n-000419d0: 6e74 6174 696f 6e73 0a28 6174 5f6b 6579 ntations.(at_key\n-000419e0: 626f 6172 6420 616e 6420 7573 625f 6b65 board and usb_ke\n-000419f0: 7962 6f61 7264 2920 7375 7070 6f72 7473 yboard) supports\n-00041a00: 2061 6e79 206b 6579 2062 7574 2077 6f72 any key but wor\n-00041a10: 6b20 6f6e 0a6f 6e65 2d63 6861 722d 7065 k on.one-char-pe\n-00041a20: 722d 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 652e 2020 536f r-keystroke. So\n-00041a30: 206e 6f20 6465 6164 206b 6579 7320 6f72 no dead keys or\n-00041a40: 2061 6476 616e 6365 6420 696e 7075 7420 advanced input \n-00041a50: 6d65 7468 6f64 2e20 2041 6c73 6f0a 7468 method. Also.th\n-00041a60: 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 6b65 796d 6170 ere is no keymap\n-00041a70: 2063 6861 6e67 6520 686f 746b 6579 2e20 change hotkey. \n-00041a80: 2049 6e20 7072 6163 7469 6365 2069 7420 In practice it \n-00041a90: 6d61 6b65 7320 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 makes difficult \n-00041aa0: 746f 0a65 6e74 6572 2061 6e79 2074 6578 to.enter any tex\n-00041ab0: 7420 7573 696e 6720 6e6f 6e2d 4c61 7469 t using non-Lati\n-00041ac0: 6e20 616c 7068 6162 6574 2e20 204d 6f72 n alphabet. 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GRUB-de\n-00041f50: 6669 6e65 6420 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 fined identifier\n-00041f60: 7320 7573 6520 6f6e 6c79 2041 5343 4949 s use only ASCII\n-00041f70: 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 7368 6f75 6c64 0a75 and so should.u\n-00041f80: 7365 722d 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6f6e 6573 ser-defined ones\n-00041f90: 2e20 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2063 . Identifiers c\n-00041fa0: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 6e6f 6e2d 4153 ontaining non-AS\n-00041fb0: 4349 4920 6d61 7920 776f 726b 2062 7574 CII may work but\n-00041fc0: 2061 7265 6e27 740a 7375 7070 6f72 7465 aren't.supporte\n-00041fd0: 642e 2020 4f6e 6c79 2074 6865 2041 5343 d. Only the ASC\n-00041fe0: 4949 2073 7061 6365 2063 6861 7261 6374 II space charact\n-00041ff0: 6572 7320 2873 7061 6365 2055 2b30 3032 ers (space U+002\n-00042000: 302c 2074 6162 2055 2b30 3030 622c 0a43 0, tab U+000b,.C\n-00042010: 5220 552b 3030 3064 2061 6e64 204c 4620 R U+000d and LF \n-00042020: 552b 3030 3061 2920 6172 6520 7265 636f U+000a) are reco\n-00042030: 676e 6973 6564 2e20 204f 7468 6572 2075 gnised. Other u\n-00042040: 6e69 636f 6465 2073 7061 6365 2063 6861 nicode space cha\n-00042050: 7261 6374 6572 730a 6172 656e 2774 2061 racters.aren't a\n-00042060: 2076 616c 6964 2066 6965 6c64 2073 6570 valid field sep\n-00042070: 6172 6174 6f72 2e20 20e2 8098 7465 7374 arator. ...test\n-00042080: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6573 743a ... (*note test:\n-00042090: 3a29 2074 6573 7473 203c 2c20 3e2c 203c :) tests <, >, <\n-000420a0: 3d2c 0a3e 3d2c 202d 7067 7420 616e 6420 =,.>=, -pgt and \n-000420b0: 2d70 6c74 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 6865 -plt compare the\n-000420c0: 2073 7472 696e 6773 2069 6e20 7468 6520 strings in the \n-000420d0: 6c65 7869 636f 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 lexicographical \n-000420e0: 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 0a75 6e69 636f 6465 order of.unicode\n-000420f0: 2063 6f64 6570 6f69 6e74 732c 2072 6570 codepoints, rep\n-00042100: 6c69 6361 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6568 licating the beh\n-00042110: 6176 696f 7572 206f 6620 7465 7374 2066 aviour of test f\n-00042120: 726f 6d20 636f 7265 7574 696c 732e 0a65 rom coreutils..e\n-00042130: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00042140: 626c 6573 2061 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 bles and command\n-00042150: 7320 6172 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 s are listed in \n-00042160: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 206f 7264 6572 2e0a the same order..\n-00042170: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00042180: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 7572 fo, Node: Secur\n-00042190: 6974 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 506c 6174 ity, Next: Plat\n-000421a0: 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 form limitations\n-000421b0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 , Prev: Interna\n-000421c0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 tionalisation, \n-000421d0: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3920 5365 6375 Up: Top..19 Secu\n-000421e0: 7269 7479 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a rity.***********\n-000421f0: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2041 7574 ..* Menu:..* Aut\n-00042200: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 hentication and \n-00042210: 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 authorisation:: \n-00042220: 5573 6572 7320 616e 6420 6163 6365 7373 Users and access\n-00042230: 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 0a2a 2055 7369 6e67 control.* Using\n-00042240: 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 digital signatu\n-00042250: 7265 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 426f res:: Bo\n-00042260: 6f74 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 oting digitally \n-00042270: 7369 676e 6564 2063 6f64 650a 2a20 5545 signed code.* UE\n-00042280: 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 FI secure boot a\n-00042290: 6e64 2073 6869 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 nd shim:: \n-000422a0: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c Booting digital\n-000422b0: 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 5045 2066 696c ly signed PE fil\n-000422c0: 6573 0a2a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 es.* Secure Boot\n-000422d0: 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 Advanced Target\n-000422e0: 696e 673a 3a20 2020 456d 6265 6464 6564 ing:: Embedded\n-000422f0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 information for\n-00042300: 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 generation numb\n-00042310: 6572 2062 6173 6564 2072 6576 6f63 6174 er based revocat\n-00042320: 696f 6e0a 2a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 ion.* Measured B\n-00042330: 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot:: \n-00042340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 6561 7375 7269 Measuri\n-00042350: 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e ng boot componen\n-00042360: 7473 0a2a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a20 ts.* Lockdown:: \n+0003f100: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a55 6e66 6f72 7475 =======..Unfortu\n+0003f110: 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f 7420 616c 6c20 nately, not all \n+0003f120: 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 GRUB commands ar\n+0003f130: 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 7420 e documented at \n+0003f140: 7468 6973 2074 696d 6520 6475 6520 746f this time due to\n+0003f150: 0a64 6576 656c 6f70 6572 2072 6573 6f75 .developer resou\n+0003f160: 7263 6520 636f 6e73 7472 6169 6e74 732e rce constraints.\n+0003f170: 2020 4f6e 6520 7761 7920 746f 2063 6f6e One way to con\n+0003f180: 7472 6962 7574 6520 6261 636b 2074 6f20 tribute back to \n+0003f190: 7468 6520 4752 5542 0a70 726f 6a65 6374 the GRUB.project\n+0003f1a0: 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 746f 2068 656c would be to hel\n+0003f1b0: 7020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6865 7365 p document these\n+0003f1c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2061 6e64 2073 commands, and s\n+0003f1d0: 7562 6d69 7420 7061 7463 6865 7320 6f72 ubmit patches or\n+0003f1e0: 0a69 6465 6173 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 .ideas to the ma\n+0003f1f0: 696c 696e 6720 6c69 7374 2e20 2054 6865 iling list. The\n+0003f200: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7320 6120 following is a \n+0003f210: 286d 6f73 7420 6c69 6b65 6c79 2069 6e63 (most likely inc\n+0003f220: 6f6d 706c 6574 6529 0a6c 6973 7420 6f66 omplete).list of\n+0003f230: 2075 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 6f72 undocumented or\n+0003f240: 2070 6f6f 726c 7920 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 poorly document\n+0003f250: 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 616e 6420 ed commands and \n+0003f260: 6e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6f66 2074 6865 6d0a not all of them.\n+0003f270: 6172 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 666f 7220 are allowed for \n+0003f280: 616c 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 2020 all platforms. \n+0003f290: 5275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6d6d Running the comm\n+0003f2a0: 616e 6420 6865 6c70 2066 726f 6d20 7769 and help from wi\n+0003f2b0: 7468 696e 2074 6865 0a47 5255 4220 7368 thin the.GRUB sh\n+0003f2c0: 656c 6c20 6d61 7920 7072 6f76 6964 6520 ell may provide \n+0003f2d0: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e more information\n+0003f2e0: 206f 6e20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2061 on parameters a\n+0003f2f0: 6e64 2075 7361 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 nd usage... ..\n+0003f300: a220 e280 9861 6c6c 5f66 756e 6374 696f . ...all_functio\n+0003f310: 6e61 6c5f 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5275 nal_test... - Ru\n+0003f320: 6e20 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c n all functional\n+0003f330: 2074 6573 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 tests.. ... .\n+0003f340: 8098 6261 636b 7472 6163 65e2 8099 202d ..backtrace... -\n+0003f350: 2050 7269 6e74 2062 6163 6b74 7261 6365 Print backtrace\n+0003f360: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 .. ... ...boot\n+0003f370: 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2062 time... - Show b\n+0003f380: 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2073 7461 7469 7374 oot time statist\n+0003f390: 6963 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 ics.. ... ...c\n+0003f3a0: 6163 6865 696e 666f e280 9920 2d20 4765 acheinfo... - Ge\n+0003f3b0: 7420 6469 736b 2063 6163 6865 2069 6e66 t disk cache inf\n+0003f3c0: 6f2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 626d o.. ... ...cbm\n+0003f3d0: 656d 63e2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 4342 emc... - Show CB\n+0003f3e0: 4d45 4d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 636f 6e74 MEM console cont\n+0003f3f0: 656e 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9863 ent.. ... ...c\n+0003f400: 6d6f 7373 6574 e280 9920 2d20 5365 7420 mosset... - Set \n+0003f410: 6269 7420 6174 2042 5954 453a 4249 5420 bit at BYTE:BIT \n+0003f420: 696e 2043 4d4f 532e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 in CMOS.. ... \n+0003f430: e280 9863 6f72 6562 6f6f 745f 626f 6f74 ...coreboot_boot\n+0003f440: 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2063 time... - Show c\n+0003f450: 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 626f 6f74 2074 696d oreboot boot tim\n+0003f460: 6520 7374 6174 6973 7469 6373 2e0a 2020 e statistics.. \n+0003f470: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6475 6d70 e280 9920 ... ...dump... \n+0003f480: 2d20 5368 6f77 206d 656d 6f72 7920 636f - Show memory co\n+0003f490: 6e74 656e 7473 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ntents.. ... .\n+0003f4a0: 8098 6566 6965 6d75 5f6c 6f61 6463 6f72 ..efiemu_loadcor\n+0003f4b0: 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e 6420 e... - Load and \n+0003f4c0: 696e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 2045 4649 2065 initialize EFI e\n+0003f4d0: 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 mulator.. ... \n+0003f4e0: e280 9865 6669 656d 755f 7072 6570 6172 ...efiemu_prepar\n+0003f4f0: 65e2 8099 202d 2046 696e 616c 697a 6520 e... - Finalize \n+0003f500: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 2045 4649 2065 loading of EFI e\n+0003f510: 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 mulator.. ... \n+0003f520: e280 9865 6669 656d 755f 756e 6c6f 6164 ...efiemu_unload\n+0003f530: e280 9920 2d20 556e 6c6f 6164 2045 4649 ... - Unload EFI\n+0003f540: 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 722e 0a20 2020 e280 emulator.. ..\n+0003f550: a220 e280 9865 7869 74e2 8099 202d 2045 . ...exit... - E\n+0003f560: 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 0a20 xit from GRUB.. \n+0003f570: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 ... ...extract\n+0003f580: 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 _entries_configf\n+0003f590: 696c 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e ile... - Load an\n+0003f5a0: 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c other config fil\n+0003f5b0: 6520 6275 7420 7461 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 e but take. \n+0003f5c0: 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 only menu entrie\n+0003f5d0: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 s.. ... ...ext\n+0003f5e0: 7261 6374 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 ract_entries_sou\n+0003f5f0: 7263 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e rce... - Load an\n+0003f600: 6f74 6865 7220 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c other config fil\n+0003f610: 6520 7769 7468 6f75 740a 2020 2020 2063 e without. c\n+0003f620: 6861 6e67 696e 6720 636f 6e74 6578 7420 hanging context \n+0003f630: 6275 7420 7461 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 but take only me\n+0003f640: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 nu entries.. .\n+0003f650: 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 6c65 .. ...extract_le\n+0003f660: 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e gacy_entries_con\n+0003f670: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 figfile... - Par\n+0003f680: 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 se legacy config\n+0003f690: 2069 6e20 6e65 770a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e in new. con\n+0003f6a0: 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 text taking only\n+0003f6b0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 menu entries. \n+0003f6c0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f ... ...extract_\n+0003f6d0: 6c65 6761 6379 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f73 legacy_entries_s\n+0003f6e0: 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 ource... - Parse\n+0003f6f0: 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 legacy config i\n+0003f700: 6e20 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 n same. cont\n+0003f710: 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 ext taking only \n+0003f720: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 menu entries. \n+0003f730: e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f73 ... ...extract_s\n+0003f740: 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 656e 7472 6965 735f yslinux_entries_\n+0003f750: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 configfile... - \n+0003f760: 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 Execute syslinux\n+0003f770: 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 0a20 2020 2020 config in. \n+0003f780: 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 6b69 new context taki\n+0003f790: 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ng only menu ent\n+0003f7a0: 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 ries. ... ...e\n+0003f7b0: 7874 7261 6374 5f73 7973 6c69 6e75 785f xtract_syslinux_\n+0003f7c0: 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f 7572 6365 e280 entries_source..\n+0003f7d0: 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c . - Execute sysl\n+0003f7e0: 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 inux config in s\n+0003f7f0: 616d 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 ame. context\n+0003f800: 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e taking only men\n+0003f810: 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 u entries. ...\n+0003f820: 20e2 8098 6661 6b65 6269 6f73 e280 9920 ...fakebios... \n+0003f830: 2d20 4372 6561 7465 2042 494f 532d 6c69 - Create BIOS-li\n+0003f840: 6b65 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 666f ke structures fo\n+0003f850: 7220 6261 636b 7761 7264 2063 6f6d 7061 r backward compa\n+0003f860: 7469 6269 6c69 7479 0a20 2020 2020 7769 tibility. wi\n+0003f870: 7468 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 4f53 2e0a th existing OS..\n+0003f880: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6669 6c65 e280 ... ...file..\n+0003f890: 9920 2d20 4368 6563 6b20 6966 2046 494c . - Check if FIL\n+0003f8a0: 4520 6973 206f 6620 7370 6563 6966 6965 E is of specifie\n+0003f8b0: 6420 7479 7065 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 d type.. ... .\n+0003f8c0: 8098 6669 785f 7669 6465 6fe2 8099 202d ..fix_video... -\n+0003f8d0: 2046 6978 2076 6964 656f 2070 726f 626c Fix video probl\n+0003f8e0: 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6670 em.. ... ...fp\n+0003f8f0: 7377 61e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 swa... - Display\n+0003f900: 2046 5053 5741 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a FPSWA version..\n+0003f910: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6675 6e63 7469 ... ...functi\n+0003f920: 6f6e 616c 5f74 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2052 onal_test... - R\n+0003f930: 756e 2061 6c6c 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6675 un all loaded fu\n+0003f940: 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 6573 7473 2e0a nctional tests..\n+0003f950: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 ... ...gdbstu\n+0003f960: 625f 6272 6561 6be2 8099 202d 2042 7265 b_break... - Bre\n+0003f970: 616b 2069 6e74 6f20 4744 420a 2020 20e2 ak into GDB. .\n+0003f980: 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 62e2 8099 .. ...gdbstub...\n+0003f990: 202d 2053 7461 7274 2047 4442 2073 7475 - Start GDB stu\n+0003f9a0: 6220 6f6e 2067 6976 656e 2070 6f72 740a b on given port.\n+0003f9b0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6764 6273 7475 ... ...gdbstu\n+0003f9c0: 625f 7374 6f70 e280 9920 2d20 5374 6f70 b_stop... - Stop\n+0003f9d0: 2047 4442 2073 7475 620a 2020 20e2 80a2 GDB stub. ...\n+0003f9e0: 20e2 8098 6864 7061 726d e280 9920 2d20 ...hdparm... - \n+0003f9f0: 4765 742f 7365 7420 4154 4120 6469 736b Get/set ATA disk\n+0003fa00: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 732e 0a20 2020 parameters.. \n+0003fa10: e280 a220 e280 9868 6578 6475 6d70 5f72 ... ...hexdump_r\n+0003fa20: 616e 646f 6de2 8099 202d 2048 6578 6475 andom... - Hexdu\n+0003fa30: 6d70 2072 616e 646f 6d20 6461 7461 2e0a mp random data..\n+0003fa40: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 696e 62e2 8099 ... ...inb...\n+0003fa50: 202d 2052 6561 6420 382d 6269 7420 7661 - Read 8-bit va\n+0003fa60: 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 lue from PORT.. \n+0003fa70: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 6e6c e280 9920 ... ...inl... \n+0003fa80: 2d20 5265 6164 2033 322d 6269 7420 7661 - Read 32-bit va\n+0003fa90: 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 lue from PORT.. \n+0003faa0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 6e77 e280 9920 ... ...inw... \n+0003fab0: 2d20 5265 6164 2031 362d 6269 7420 7661 - Read 16-bit va\n+0003fac0: 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 lue from PORT.. \n+0003fad0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986a 7065 6774 6573 ... ...jpegtes\n+0003fae0: 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 206c 6f61 t... - Tests loa\n+0003faf0: 6469 6e67 206f 6620 4a50 4547 2062 6974 ding of JPEG bit\n+0003fb00: 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b map.. ... ...k\n+0003fb10: 6579 6d61 70e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 eymap... - Load \n+0003fb20: 6120 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 206c 6179 6f75 a keyboard layou\n+0003fb30: 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 t.. ... ...leg\n+0003fb40: 6163 795f 6368 6563 6b5f 7061 7373 776f acy_check_passwo\n+0003fb50: 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 rd... - Simulate\n+0003fb60: 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 7061 grub-legacy 'pa\n+0003fb70: 7373 776f 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a ssword' command.\n+0003fb80: 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 in menu ent\n+0003fb90: 7279 206d 6f64 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ry mode. ... .\n+0003fba0: 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 ..legacy_configf\n+0003fbb0: 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c ile... - Parse l\n+0003fbc0: 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 egacy config in \n+0003fbd0: 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 new context. .\n+0003fbe0: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f70 6173 .. ...legacy_pas\n+0003fbf0: 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c sword... - Simul\n+0003fc00: 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 ate grub-legacy \n+0003fc10: 2770 6173 7377 6f72 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 'password' comma\n+0003fc20: 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 nd. ... ...leg\n+0003fc30: 6163 795f 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 acy_source... - \n+0003fc40: 5061 7273 6520 6c65 6761 6379 2063 6f6e Parse legacy con\n+0003fc50: 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d 6520 636f 6e74 fig in same cont\n+0003fc60: 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c6f ext. ... ...lo\n+0003fc70: 6164 6269 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 adbios... - Load\n+0003fc80: 2042 494f 5320 6475 6d70 2e0a 2020 20e2 BIOS dump.. .\n+0003fc90: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6163 7069 e280 9920 .. ...lsacpi... \n+0003fca0: 2d20 5368 6f77 2041 4350 4920 696e 666f - Show ACPI info\n+0003fcb0: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 rmation.. ... \n+0003fcc0: e280 986c 7361 706d e280 9920 2d20 5368 ...lsapm... - Sh\n+0003fcd0: 6f77 2041 504d 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 ow APM informati\n+0003fce0: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 on.. ... ...ls\n+0003fcf0: 636f 7265 626f 6f74 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 coreboot... - Li\n+0003fd00: 7374 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 7461 626c st coreboot tabl\n+0003fd10: 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 es.. ... ...ls\n+0003fd20: 6465 76e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 6465 dev... - List de\n+0003fd30: 7669 6365 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 vices.. ... ..\n+0003fd40: 986c 7365 6669 e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 .lsefi... - Disp\n+0003fd50: 6c61 7920 4546 4920 6861 6e64 6c65 732e lay EFI handles.\n+0003fd60: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 . ... ...lsefi\n+0003fd70: 6d6d 6170 e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 mmap... - Displa\n+0003fd80: 7920 4546 4920 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 y EFI memory map\n+0003fd90: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6566 .. ... ...lsef\n+0003fda0: 6973 7973 7461 62e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 isystab... - Dis\n+0003fdb0: 706c 6179 2045 4649 2073 7973 7465 6d20 play EFI system \n+0003fdc0: 7461 626c 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 tables.. ... .\n+0003fdd0: 8098 6c73 6d6d 6170 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 ..lsmmap... - Li\n+0003fde0: 7374 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 7020 7072 st memory map pr\n+0003fdf0: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 6669 726d 7761 ovided by firmwa\n+0003fe00: 7265 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 re.. ... ...ls\n+0003fe10: 7063 69e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 5043 pci... - List PC\n+0003fe20: 4920 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a20 2020 e280 I devices.. ..\n+0003fe30: a220 e280 986c 7373 616c e280 9920 2d20 . ...lssal... - \n+0003fe40: 4469 7370 6c61 7920 5341 4c20 7379 7374 Display SAL syst\n+0003fe50: 656d 2074 6162 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 em table.. ...\n+0003fe60: 20e2 8098 6c73 7370 64e2 8099 202d 2050 ...lsspd... - P\n+0003fe70: 7269 6e74 204d 656d 6f72 7920 696e 666f rint Memory info\n+0003fe80: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 rmation.. ... \n+0003fe90: e280 986d 6163 7070 6362 6c65 7373 e280 ...macppcbless..\n+0003fea0: 9920 2d20 426c 6573 7320 4449 5220 6f66 . - Bless DIR of\n+0003feb0: 2048 4653 206f 7220 4846 532b 2070 6172 HFS or HFS+ par\n+0003fec0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2050 5043 206d tition for PPC m\n+0003fed0: 6163 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d acs.. ... ...m\n+0003fee0: 6163 7465 6c62 6c65 7373 e280 9920 2d20 actelbless... - \n+0003fef0: 426c 6573 7320 4649 4c45 206f 6620 4846 Bless FILE of HF\n+0003ff00: 5320 6f72 2048 4653 2b20 7061 7274 6974 S or HFS+ partit\n+0003ff10: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 696e 7465 6c20 6d61 ion for intel ma\n+0003ff20: 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6e65 cs.. ... ...ne\n+0003ff30: 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e e280 9920 2d20 t_set_vlan... - \n+0003ff40: 5365 7420 616e 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 Set an interface\n+0003ff50: 2773 2076 6c61 6e20 6964 2e0a 2020 20e2 's vlan id.. .\n+0003ff60: 80a2 20e2 8098 6f75 7462 e280 9920 2d20 .. ...outb... - \n+0003ff70: 5772 6974 6520 382d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 Write 8-bit VALU\n+0003ff80: 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 E to PORT.. ..\n+0003ff90: a220 e280 986f 7574 6ce2 8099 202d 2057 . ...outl... - W\n+0003ffa0: 7269 7465 2033 322d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 rite 32-bit VALU\n+0003ffb0: 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 E to PORT.. ..\n+0003ffc0: a220 e280 986f 7574 77e2 8099 202d 2057 . ...outw... - W\n+0003ffd0: 7269 7465 2031 362d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 rite 16-bit VALU\n+0003ffe0: 4520 746f 2050 4f52 542e 0a20 2020 e280 E to PORT.. ..\n+0003fff0: a220 e280 9870 6369 6475 6d70 e280 9920 . ...pcidump... \n+00040000: 2d20 5368 6f77 2072 6177 2064 756d 7020 - Show raw dump \n+00040010: 6f66 2074 6865 2050 4349 2063 6f6e 6669 of the PCI confi\n+00040020: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 7061 6365 2e0a guration space..\n+00040030: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 706e 6774 6573 ... ...pngtes\n+00040040: 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 206c 6f61 t... - Tests loa\n+00040050: 6469 6e67 206f 6620 504e 4720 6269 746d ding of PNG bitm\n+00040060: 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7265 ap.. ... ...re\n+00040070: 6164 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 ad_byte... - Rea\n+00040080: 6420 382d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 d 8-bit value fr\n+00040090: 6f6d 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 om ADDR.. ... \n+000400a0: e280 9872 6561 645f 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 ...read_dword...\n+000400b0: 202d 2052 6561 6420 3332 2d62 6974 2076 - Read 32-bit v\n+000400c0: 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a alue from ADDR..\n+000400d0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7265 6164 5f77 ... ...read_w\n+000400e0: 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 3136 ord... - Read 16\n+000400f0: 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 -bit value from \n+00040100: 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ADDR.. ... ...\n+00040110: 7365 7470 6369 e280 9920 2d20 4d61 6e69 setpci... - Mani\n+00040120: 7075 6c61 7465 2050 4349 2064 6576 6963 pulate PCI devic\n+00040130: 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7375 es.. ... ...su\n+00040140: 7370 656e 64e2 8099 202d 2052 6574 7572 spend... - Retur\n+00040150: 6e20 746f 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 7072 n to IEEE1275 pr\n+00040160: 6f6d 7074 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ompt.. ... ...\n+00040170: 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 syslinux_configf\n+00040180: 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 ile... - Execute\n+00040190: 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 syslinux config\n+000401a0: 2069 6e20 6e65 7720 636f 6e74 6578 740a in new context.\n+000401b0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7379 736c 696e ... ...syslin\n+000401c0: 7578 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2045 ux_source... - E\n+000401d0: 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 xecute syslinux \n+000401e0: 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 config in same c\n+000401f0: 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ontext. ... ..\n+00040200: 9874 6573 745f 626c 6f63 6b61 7267 e280 .test_blockarg..\n+00040210: 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 616e 6420 6578 . - Print and ex\n+00040220: 6563 7574 6520 626c 6f63 6b20 6172 6775 ecute block argu\n+00040230: 6d65 6e74 2e2c 2030 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ment., 0. ... \n+00040240: e280 9874 6573 746c 6f61 64e2 8099 202d ...testload... -\n+00040250: 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2066 Load the same f\n+00040260: 696c 6520 696e 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 ile in multiple \n+00040270: 7761 7973 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ways.. ... ...\n+00040280: 7465 7374 7370 6565 64e2 8099 202d 2054 testspeed... - T\n+00040290: 6573 7420 6669 6c65 2072 6561 6420 7370 est file read sp\n+000402a0: 6565 642e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 eed.. ... ...t\n+000402b0: 6761 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 gatest... - Test\n+000402c0: 7320 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 2054 4741 s loading of TGA\n+000402d0: 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 bitmap.. ... \n+000402e0: e280 9874 696d 65e2 8099 202d 204d 6561 ...time... - Mea\n+000402f0: 7375 7265 2074 696d 6520 7573 6564 2062 sure time used b\n+00040300: 7920 434f 4d4d 414e 440a 2020 20e2 80a2 y COMMAND. ...\n+00040310: 20e2 8098 7472 e280 9920 2d20 5472 616e ...tr... - Tran\n+00040320: 736c 6174 6520 5345 5431 2063 6861 7261 slate SET1 chara\n+00040330: 6374 6572 7320 746f 2053 4554 3220 696e cters to SET2 in\n+00040340: 2053 5452 494e 472e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 STRING.. ... \n+00040350: e280 9875 7362 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 ...usb... - Test\n+00040360: 2055 5342 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e0a 2020 USB support.. \n+00040370: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7662 6569 6e66 6fe2 ... ...vbeinfo.\n+00040380: 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 6176 6169 6c61 .. - List availa\n+00040390: 626c 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 732e ble video modes.\n+000403a0: 2020 4966 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 If resolution \n+000403b0: 6973 2067 6976 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7368 is given. sh\n+000403c0: 6f77 206f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 6465 7320 6d61 ow only modes ma\n+000403d0: 7463 6869 6e67 2069 742e 0a20 2020 e280 tching it.. ..\n+000403e0: a220 e280 9876 6265 7465 7374 e280 9920 . ...vbetest... \n+000403f0: 2d20 5465 7374 2076 6964 656f 2073 7562 - Test video sub\n+00040400: 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 system.. ... .\n+00040410: 8098 7669 6465 6f74 6573 74e2 8099 202d ..videotest... -\n+00040420: 2054 6573 7420 7669 6465 6f20 7375 6273 Test video subs\n+00040430: 7973 7465 6d20 696e 206d 6f64 6520 5778 ystem in mode Wx\n+00040440: 482e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9877 7269 H.. ... ...wri\n+00040450: 7465 5f62 7974 65e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 te_byte... - Wri\n+00040460: 7465 2038 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 te 8-bit VALUE t\n+00040470: 6f20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 o ADDR.. ... .\n+00040480: 8098 7772 6974 655f 6477 6f72 64e2 8099 ..write_dword...\n+00040490: 202d 2057 7269 7465 2033 322d 6269 7420 - Write 32-bit \n+000404a0: 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2041 4444 522e 0a20 VALUE to ADDR.. \n+000404b0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9877 7269 7465 5f77 ... ...write_w\n+000404c0: 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2031 ord... - Write 1\n+000404d0: 362d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f 2041 6-bit VALUE to A\n+000404e0: 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 DDR.. ... ...x\n+000404f0: 656e 5f63 6174 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 en_cat... - List\n+00040500: 2058 656e 2073 746f 7261 6765 2e0a 2020 Xen storage.. \n+00040510: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7865 6e5f 6c73 e280 ... ...xen_ls..\n+00040520: 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2058 656e 2073 746f . - List Xen sto\n+00040530: 7261 6765 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 rage.. ... ...\n+00040540: 786e 755f 6465 7670 726f 705f 6c6f 6164 xnu_devprop_load\n+00040550: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2027 6465 7669 ... - Load 'devi\n+00040560: 6365 2d70 726f 7065 7274 6965 7327 2064 ce-properties' d\n+00040570: 756d 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 ump.. ... ...x\n+00040580: 6e75 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 202d 2054 7261 nu_uuid... - Tra\n+00040590: 6e73 666f 726d 2036 342d 6269 7420 5555 nsform 64-bit UU\n+000405a0: 4944 2074 6f20 666f 726d 6174 2073 7569 ID to format sui\n+000405b0: 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 584e 552e 2049 table for XNU. I\n+000405c0: 660a 2020 2020 202d 6c20 6973 2067 6976 f. -l is giv\n+000405d0: 656e 206b 6565 7020 6974 206c 6f77 6572 en keep it lower\n+000405e0: 6361 7365 2061 7320 646f 6e65 2062 7920 case as done by \n+000405f0: 626c 6b69 642e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 blkid.. ... ..\n+00040600: 987a 6673 2d62 6f6f 7466 73e2 8099 202d .zfs-bootfs... -\n+00040610: 2050 7269 6e74 205a 4653 2d42 4f4f 5446 Print ZFS-BOOTF\n+00040620: 534f 424a 206f 7220 7374 6f72 6520 6974 SOBJ or store it\n+00040630: 2069 6e74 6f20 5641 5249 4142 4c45 0a20 into VARIABLE. \n+00040640: 2020 e280 a220 e280 987a 6673 696e 666f ... ...zfsinfo\n+00040650: e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 5a46 5320 ... - Print ZFS \n+00040660: 696e 666f 2061 626f 7574 2044 4556 4943 info about DEVIC\n+00040670: 452e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 987a 6673 E.. ... ...zfs\n+00040680: 6b65 79e2 8099 202d 2049 6d70 6f72 7420 key... - Import \n+00040690: 5a46 5320 7772 6170 7069 6e67 206b 6579 ZFS wrapping key\n+000406a0: 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 2046 494c 452e stored in FILE.\n+000406b0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000406c0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7465 nfo, Node: Inte\n+000406d0: 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e rnationalisation\n+000406e0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 6563 7572 6974 , Next: Securit\n+000406f0: 792c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e y, Prev: Comman\n+00040700: 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3138 ds, Up: Top..18\n+00040710: 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 Internationalis\n+00040720: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ation.**********\n+00040730: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a31 *************..1\n+00040740: 382e 3120 4368 6172 7365 740a 3d3d 3d3d 8.1 Charset.====\n+00040750: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2075 ========..GRUB u\n+00040760: 7365 7320 5554 462d 3820 696e 7465 726e ses UTF-8 intern\n+00040770: 616c 6c79 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 ally other than \n+00040780: 696e 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2077 6865 in rendering whe\n+00040790: 7265 2073 6f6d 650a 4752 5542 2d73 7065 re some.GRUB-spe\n+000407a0: 6369 6669 6320 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 cific appropriat\n+000407b0: 6520 7265 7072 6573 656e 7461 7469 6f6e e representation\n+000407c0: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2e20 2041 6c6c 2074 is used. All t\n+000407d0: 6578 7420 6669 6c65 730a 2869 6e63 6c75 ext files.(inclu\n+000407e0: 6469 6e67 2063 6f6e 6669 6729 2061 7265 ding config) are\n+000407f0: 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2065 assumed to be e\n+00040800: 6e63 6f64 6564 2069 6e20 5554 462d 382e ncoded in UTF-8.\n+00040810: 0a0a 3138 2e32 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 ..18.2 Filesyste\n+00040820: 6d73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ms.=============\n+00040830: 3d3d 3d0a 0a4e 5446 532c 204a 4653 2c20 ===..NTFS, JFS, \n+00040840: 5544 462c 2048 4653 2b2c 2065 7846 4154 UDF, HFS+, exFAT\n+00040850: 2c20 6c6f 6e67 2066 696c 656e 616d 6573 , long filenames\n+00040860: 2069 6e20 4641 542c 204a 6f6c 6965 7420 in FAT, Joliet \n+00040870: 7061 7274 206f 660a 4953 4f39 3636 3020 part of.ISO9660 \n+00040880: 6172 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2055 are treated as U\n+00040890: 5446 2d31 3620 6173 2070 6572 2073 7065 TF-16 as per spe\n+000408a0: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 2041 4653 cification. AFS\n+000408b0: 2061 6e64 2042 4653 2061 7265 0a72 6561 and BFS are.rea\n+000408c0: 6420 6173 2055 5446 2d38 2c20 6167 6169 d as UTF-8, agai\n+000408d0: 6e20 6163 636f 7264 696e 6720 746f 2073 n according to s\n+000408e0: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 2042 pecification. B\n+000408f0: 7472 4653 2c20 6370 696f 2c20 7461 722c trFS, cpio, tar,\n+00040900: 0a73 7175 6173 6834 2c20 6d69 6e69 782c .squash4, minix,\n+00040910: 206d 696e 6978 322c 206d 696e 6978 332c minix2, minix3,\n+00040920: 2052 4f4d 4653 2c20 5265 6973 6572 4653 ROMFS, ReiserFS\n+00040930: 2c20 5846 532c 2065 7874 322c 2065 7874 , XFS, ext2, ext\n+00040940: 332c 2065 7874 342c 0a46 4154 2028 7368 3, ext4,.FAT (sh\n+00040950: 6f72 7420 6e61 6d65 7329 2c20 4632 4653 ort names), F2FS\n+00040960: 2c20 526f 636b 5269 6467 6520 7061 7274 , RockRidge part\n+00040970: 206f 6620 4953 4f39 3636 302c 206e 696c of ISO9660, nil\n+00040980: 6673 322c 2055 4653 312c 2055 4653 320a fs2, UFS1, UFS2.\n+00040990: 616e 6420 5a46 5320 6172 6520 6173 7375 and ZFS are assu\n+000409a0: 6d65 6420 746f 2062 6520 5554 462d 382e med to be UTF-8.\n+000409b0: 2020 5468 6973 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 This might be \n+000409c0: 6661 6c73 6520 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 false on systems\n+000409d0: 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 7769 7468 .configured with\n+000409e0: 206c 6567 6163 7920 6368 6172 7365 7420 legacy charset \n+000409f0: 6275 7420 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 but as long as t\n+00040a00: 6865 2063 6861 7273 6574 2075 7365 6420 he charset used \n+00040a10: 6973 0a73 7570 6572 7365 7420 6f66 2041 is.superset of A\n+00040a20: 5343 4949 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 SCII you should \n+00040a30: 6265 2061 626c 6520 746f 2061 6363 6573 be able to acces\n+00040a40: 7320 4153 4349 492d 6e61 6d65 6420 6669 s ASCII-named fi\n+00040a50: 6c65 732e 2020 416e 640a 6974 2773 2072 les. 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AFFS, SFS an\n+00040cb0: 6420 4846 5320 6e65 7665 7220 7573 6520 d HFS never use \n+00040cc0: 756e 6963 6f64 6520 616e 640a 4752 5542 unicode and.GRUB\n+00040cd0: 2061 7373 756d 6573 2074 6865 6d20 746f assumes them to\n+00040ce0: 2062 6520 696e 204c 6174 696e 312c 204c be in Latin1, L\n+00040cf0: 6174 696e 3120 616e 6420 4d61 6352 6f6d atin1 and MacRom\n+00040d00: 616e 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e an respectively.\n+00040d10: 0a47 5255 4220 6861 6e64 6c65 7320 6669 .GRUB handles fi\n+00040d20: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2063 6173 652d 696e lesystem case-in\n+00040d30: 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6974 7920 686f 7765 sensitivity howe\n+00040d40: 7665 7220 6e6f 2061 7474 656d 7074 2069 ver no attempt i\n+00040d50: 730a 7065 7266 6f72 6d65 6420 6174 2063 s.performed at c\n+00040d60: 6173 6520 636f 6e76 6572 7369 6f6e 206f ase conversion o\n+00040d70: 6620 696e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c20 f international \n+00040d80: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2073 6f20 652e characters so e.\n+00040d90: 672e 2020 6120 6669 6c65 0a6e 616d 6564 g. a file.named\n+00040da0: 206c 6f77 6572 6361 7365 2067 7265 656b lowercase greek\n+00040db0: 2061 6c70 6861 2069 7320 7472 6561 7465 alpha is treate\n+00040dc0: 6420 6173 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 d as different f\n+00040dd0: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 6e61 6d65 rom the one name\n+00040de0: 640a 6173 2075 7070 6572 6361 7365 2061 d.as uppercase a\n+00040df0: 6c70 6861 2e20 2054 6865 2066 696c 6573 lpha. The files\n+00040e00: 7973 7465 6d73 2069 6e20 7175 6573 7469 ystems in questi\n+00040e10: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 4e54 4653 2028 6578 ons are NTFS (ex\n+00040e20: 6365 7074 2050 4f53 4958 0a6e 616d 6573 cept POSIX.names\n+00040e30: 7061 6365 292c 2048 4653 2b20 2863 6f6e pace), HFS+ (con\n+00040e40: 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 6174 206d 6b66 figurable at mkf\n+00040e50: 7320 7469 6d65 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 s time, default \n+00040e60: 696e 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6529 2c20 5346 insensitive), SF\n+00040e70: 530a 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 S.(configurable \n+00040e80: 6174 206d 6b66 7320 7469 6d65 2c20 6465 at mkfs time, de\n+00040e90: 6661 756c 7420 696e 7365 6e73 6974 6976 fault insensitiv\n+00040ea0: 6529 2c20 4a46 5320 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 e), JFS (configu\n+00040eb0: 7261 626c 6520 6174 0a6d 6b66 7320 7469 rable at.mkfs ti\n+00040ec0: 6d65 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 7365 6e73 me, default sens\n+00040ed0: 6974 6976 6529 2c20 4846 532c 2041 4646 itive), HFS, AFF\n+00040ee0: 532c 2046 4154 2c20 6578 4641 5420 616e S, FAT, exFAT an\n+00040ef0: 6420 5a46 530a 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 d ZFS.(configura\n+00040f00: 626c 6520 6f6e 2070 6572 2d73 7562 766f ble on per-subvo\n+00040f10: 6c75 6d65 2062 6173 6973 2062 7920 7072 lume basis by pr\n+00040f20: 6f70 6572 7479 2022 6361 7365 7365 6e73 operty \"casesens\n+00040f30: 6974 6976 6974 7922 2c0a 6465 6661 756c itivity\",.defaul\n+00040f40: 7420 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6529 2e20 204f t sensitive). O\n+00040f50: 6e20 5a46 5320 7375 6276 6f6c 756d 6573 n ZFS subvolumes\n+00040f60: 206d 6172 6b65 6420 6173 2063 6173 6520 marked as case \n+00040f70: 696e 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6520 6669 6c65 insensitive file\n+00040f80: 730a 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 206c 6f77 s.containing low\n+00040f90: 6572 6361 7365 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 ercase internati\n+00040fa0: 6f6e 616c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 onal characters \n+00040fb0: 6172 6520 696e 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 are inaccessible\n+00040fc0: 2e20 2041 6c73 6f0a 6c69 6b65 2061 6c6c . 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The enco\n+000413b0: 6469 6e67 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2073 6572 ding used on ser\n+000413c0: 6961 6c20 6361 6e20 6265 2063 686f 7365 ial can be chose\n+000413d0: 6e20 7769 7468 20e2 8098 7465 726d 696e n with ...termin\n+000413e0: 666f e280 9920 6173 2065 6974 6865 720a fo... as either.\n+000413f0: 4153 4349 492c 2055 5446 2d38 206f 7220 ASCII, UTF-8 or \n+00041400: 2276 6973 7561 6c20 5554 462d 3822 2e20 \"visual UTF-8\". \n+00041410: 204c 6173 7420 6f6e 6520 6973 2061 6761 Last one is aga\n+00041420: 696e 7374 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 inst the specifi\n+00041430: 6361 7469 6f6e 0a62 7574 2072 6573 756c cation.but resul\n+00041440: 7473 2069 6e20 636f 7272 6563 7420 7265 ts in correct re\n+00041450: 6e64 6572 696e 6720 6f66 2072 6967 6874 ndering of right\n+00041460: 2d74 6f2d 6c65 6674 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 -to-left on some\n+00041470: 2072 6561 6465 7273 2077 6869 6368 0a64 readers which.d\n+00041480: 6f6e 2774 2068 6176 6520 6f77 6e20 6269 on't have own bi\n+00041490: 6469 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f di implementatio\n+000414a0: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 656d 7520 4752 n... On emu GR\n+000414b0: 5542 2063 6865 636b 7320 6966 2063 6861 UB checks if cha\n+000414c0: 7273 6574 2069 7320 5554 462d 3820 616e rset is UTF-8 an\n+000414d0: 6420 7573 6573 2069 7420 6966 2073 6f20 d uses it if so \n+000414e0: 616e 6420 7573 6573 0a41 5343 4949 206f and uses.ASCII o\n+000414f0: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 therwise... Wh\n+00041500: 656e 2075 7369 6e67 2067 6678 7465 726d en using gfxterm\n+00041510: 206f 7220 6766 786d 656e 7520 4752 5542 or gfxmenu GRUB\n+00041520: 2069 7473 656c 6620 6973 2072 6573 706f itself is respo\n+00041530: 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 0a72 656e 6465 nsible for.rende\n+00041540: 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2074 6578 742e 2020 ring the text. \n+00041550: 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2047 5255 In this case GRU\n+00041560: 4220 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 B is limited by \n+00041570: 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 2049 loaded fonts. 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GR\n+00041790: 5542 2061 6c73 6f20 6967 6e6f 7265 7320 UB also ignores \n+000417a0: 6465 7072 6563 6174 6564 2028 6173 0a73 deprecated (as.s\n+000417b0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 556e 6963 pecified in Unic\n+000417c0: 6f64 6529 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 ode) characters \n+000417d0: 2865 2e67 2e20 2074 6167 7329 2e20 2047 (e.g. tags). G\n+000417e0: 5255 4220 616c 736f 2064 6f65 736e 2774 RUB also doesn't\n+000417f0: 2068 616e 646c 650a 736f 2063 616c 6c65 handle.so calle\n+00041800: 6420 2261 6e6e 6f74 6174 696f 6e20 6368 d \"annotation ch\n+00041810: 6172 6163 7465 7273 2220 4966 2079 6f75 aracters\" If you\n+00041820: 2063 616e 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6520 6569 can complete ei\n+00041830: 7468 6572 206f 6620 7477 6f0a 6c69 7374 ther of two.list\n+00041840: 7320 6f72 2c20 6265 7474 6572 2c20 7072 s or, better, pr\n+00041850: 6f70 6f73 6520 6120 7061 7463 6820 746f opose a patch to\n+00041860: 2069 6d70 726f 7665 2072 656e 6465 7269 improve renderi\n+00041870: 6e67 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2063 6f6e 7461 ng, please conta\n+00041880: 6374 0a64 6576 656c 6f70 6572 2074 6561 ct.developer tea\n+00041890: 6d2e 0a0a 3138 2e34 2049 6e70 7574 2074 m...18.4 Input t\n+000418a0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d erminal.========\n+000418b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a46 6972 ===========..Fir\n+000418c0: 6d77 6172 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e mware console on\n+000418d0: 2042 494f 532c 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 BIOS, IEEE1275 \n+000418e0: 616e 6420 4152 4320 646f 6573 6e27 7420 and ARC doesn't \n+000418f0: 616c 6c6f 7720 796f 7520 746f 2065 6e74 allow you to ent\n+00041900: 6572 0a6e 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 2063 6861 er.non-ASCII cha\n+00041910: 7261 6374 6572 732e 2020 4546 4920 7370 racters. EFI sp\n+00041920: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616c 6c6f ecification allo\n+00041930: 7773 2066 6f72 2073 7563 6820 6275 7420 ws for such but \n+00041940: 6175 7468 6f72 2069 730a 756e 6177 6172 author is.unawar\n+00041950: 6520 6f66 2061 6e79 2061 6374 7561 6c20 e of any actual \n+00041960: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 732e implementations.\n+00041970: 2020 5365 7269 616c 2069 6e70 7574 2069 Serial input i\n+00041980: 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a 6c69 6d69 s currently.limi\n+00041990: 7465 6420 666f 7220 6c61 7469 6e31 2028 ted for latin1 (\n+000419a0: 756e 6c69 6b65 6c79 2074 6f20 6368 616e unlikely to chan\n+000419b0: 6765 292e 2020 4f77 6e20 6b65 7962 6f61 ge). Own keyboa\n+000419c0: 7264 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f rd implementatio\n+000419d0: 6e73 0a28 6174 5f6b 6579 626f 6172 6420 ns.(at_keyboard \n+000419e0: 616e 6420 7573 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 and usb_keyboard\n+000419f0: 2920 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2061 6e79 206b ) supports any k\n+00041a00: 6579 2062 7574 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e 0a6f ey but work on.o\n+00041a10: 6e65 2d63 6861 722d 7065 722d 6b65 7973 ne-char-per-keys\n+00041a20: 7472 6f6b 652e 2020 536f 206e 6f20 6465 troke. So no de\n+00041a30: 6164 206b 6579 7320 6f72 2061 6476 616e ad keys or advan\n+00041a40: 6365 6420 696e 7075 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 ced input method\n+00041a50: 2e20 2041 6c73 6f0a 7468 6572 6520 6973 . Also.there is\n+00041a60: 206e 6f20 6b65 796d 6170 2063 6861 6e67 no keymap chang\n+00041a70: 6520 686f 746b 6579 2e20 2049 6e20 7072 e hotkey. In pr\n+00041a80: 6163 7469 6365 2069 7420 6d61 6b65 7320 actice it makes \n+00041a90: 6469 6666 6963 756c 7420 746f 0a65 6e74 difficult to.ent\n+00041aa0: 6572 2061 6e79 2074 6578 7420 7573 696e er any text usin\n+00041ab0: 6720 6e6f 6e2d 4c61 7469 6e20 616c 7068 g non-Latin alph\n+00041ac0: 6162 6574 2e20 204d 6f72 656f 7665 7220 abet. Moreover \n+00041ad0: 616c 6c20 6375 7272 656e 7420 696e 7075 all current inpu\n+00041ae0: 740a 636f 6e73 756d 6572 7320 6172 6520 t.consumers are \n+00041af0: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2041 5343 4949 limited to ASCII\n+00041b00: 2e0a 0a31 382e 3520 4765 7474 6578 740a ...18.5 Gettext.\n+00041b10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 ============..GR\n+00041b20: 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6265 696e UB supports bein\n+00041b30: 6720 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2e20 2046 g translated. F\n+00041b40: 6f72 2074 6869 7320 796f 7520 6e65 6564 or this you need\n+00041b50: 2074 6f20 6861 7665 206c 616e 6775 6167 to have languag\n+00041b60: 6520 2a2e 6d6f 0a66 696c 6573 2069 6e20 e *.mo.files in \n+00041b70: 2470 7265 6669 782f 6c6f 6361 6c65 2c20 $prefix/locale, \n+00041b80: 6c6f 6164 2067 6574 7465 7874 206d 6f64 load gettext mod\n+00041b90: 756c 6520 616e 6420 7365 7420 226c 616e ule and set \"lan\n+00041ba0: 6722 2076 6172 6961 626c 652e 0a0a 3138 g\" variable...18\n+00041bb0: 2e36 2052 6567 6578 700a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .6 Regexp.======\n+00041bc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a52 6567 6578 7073 2077 =====..Regexps w\n+00041bd0: 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2075 6e69 636f 6465 2063 ork on unicode c\n+00041be0: 6861 7261 6374 6572 732c 2068 6f77 6576 haracters, howev\n+00041bf0: 6572 206e 6f20 6174 7465 6d70 7420 6174 er no attempt at\n+00041c00: 2063 6865 636b 696e 670a 6361 6e6e 6f6e checking.cannon\n+00041c10: 6963 616c 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 6365 ical equivalence\n+00041c20: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6d61 6465 2e20 has been made. \n+00041c30: 204d 6f72 656f 7665 7220 7468 6520 636c Moreover the cl\n+00041c40: 6173 7365 7320 6c69 6b65 0a5b 3a61 6c70 asses like.[:alp\n+00041c50: 6861 3a5d 206d 6174 6368 206f 6e6c 7920 ha:] match only \n+00041c60: 4153 4349 4920 7375 6273 6574 2e0a 0a31 ASCII subset...1\n+00041c70: 382e 3720 4f74 6865 720a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 8.7 Other.======\n+00041c80: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 ====..Currently \n+00041c90: 4752 5542 2061 6c77 6179 7320 7573 6573 GRUB always uses\n+00041ca0: 2059 4541 522d 4d4f 4e54 482d 4441 5920 YEAR-MONTH-DAY \n+00041cb0: 484f 5552 3a4d 494e 5554 453a 5345 434f HOUR:MINUTE:SECO\n+00041cc0: 4e44 205b 5745 454b 4441 595d 0a32 342d ND [WEEKDAY].24-\n+00041cd0: 686f 7572 2064 6174 6574 696d 6520 666f hour datetime fo\n+00041ce0: 726d 6174 2062 7574 2077 6565 6b64 6179 rmat but weekday\n+00041cf0: 7320 6172 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 s are translated\n+00041d00: 2e20 2047 5255 4220 616c 7761 7973 2075 . 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C\n+00041e80: 6173 652d 7365 6e73 6974 6976 6520 6964 ase-sensitive id\n+00041e90: 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 6172 6520 6d61 entifiers are ma\n+00041ea0: 7463 6865 6420 6173 2072 6177 0a73 7472 tched as raw.str\n+00041eb0: 696e 6773 2c20 6e6f 2063 616e 6f6e 6963 ings, no canonic\n+00041ec0: 616c 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 6365 2063 al equivalence c\n+00041ed0: 6865 636b 2069 7320 7065 7266 6f72 6d65 heck is performe\n+00041ee0: 642e 2020 4361 7365 2d69 6e73 656e 7374 d. Case-insenst\n+00041ef0: 6976 650a 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 ive.identifiers \n+00041f00: 6172 6520 6d61 7463 6865 6420 6173 2052 are matched as R\n+00041f10: 4157 2062 7574 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 AW but additiona\n+00041f20: 6c6c 7920 5b61 2d7a 5d20 6973 2065 7175 lly [a-z] is equ\n+00041f30: 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f 0a5b 412d 5a5d ivalent to.[A-Z]\n+00041f40: 2e20 2047 5255 422d 6465 6669 6e65 6420 . 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On\n+00041fd0: 6c79 2074 6865 2041 5343 4949 2073 7061 ly the ASCII spa\n+00041fe0: 6365 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 2873 ce characters (s\n+00041ff0: 7061 6365 2055 2b30 3032 302c 2074 6162 pace U+0020, tab\n+00042000: 2055 2b30 3030 622c 0a43 5220 552b 3030 U+000b,.CR U+00\n+00042010: 3064 2061 6e64 204c 4620 552b 3030 3061 0d and LF U+000a\n+00042020: 2920 6172 6520 7265 636f 676e 6973 6564 ) are recognised\n+00042030: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 2075 6e69 636f 6465 . Other unicode\n+00042040: 2073 7061 6365 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 space character\n+00042050: 730a 6172 656e 2774 2061 2076 616c 6964 s.aren't a valid\n+00042060: 2066 6965 6c64 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 field separator\n+00042070: 2e20 20e2 8098 7465 7374 e280 9920 282a . ...test... 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\n+00042250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 426f 6f74 696e 6720 Booting \n+00042260: 6469 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 digitally signed\n+00042270: 2063 6f64 650a 2a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 code.* UEFI sec\n+00042280: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 ure boot and shi\n+00042290: 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 7469 m:: Booti\n+000422a0: 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 6c79 2073 6967 ng digitally sig\n+000422b0: 6e65 6420 5045 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2053 ned PE files.* S\n+000422c0: 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e ecure Boot Advan\n+000422d0: 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 673a 3a20 ced Targeting:: \n+000422e0: 2020 456d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 Embedded infor\n+000422f0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2067 656e 6572 mation for gener\n+00042300: 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2062 6173 ation number bas\n+00042310: 6564 2072 6576 6f63 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 ed revocation.* \n+00042320: 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 743a 3a20 Measured Boot:: \n+00042330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00042340: 2020 204d 6561 7375 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f Measuring boo\n+00042350: 7420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a2a 204c t components.* L\n+00042360: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ockdown:: \n 00042370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00042380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e Lockdown\n-00042390: 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6f6e when booting on\n-000423a0: 2061 2073 6563 7572 6520 7365 7475 700a a secure setup.\n-000423b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000423c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2041 7574 6865 fo, Node: Authe\n-000423d0: 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6175 ntication and au\n-000423e0: 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 thorisation, Ne\n-000423f0: 7874 3a20 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 xt: Using digita\n-00042400: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 l signatures, U\n-00042410: 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e p: Security..19.\n-00042420: 3120 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 1 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0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d GRUB.===========\n 00042450: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00042460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00042470: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4279 2064 6566 ========..By def\n-00042480: 6175 6c74 2c20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c ault, the boot l\n-00042490: 6f61 6465 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 oader interface \n-000424a0: 6973 2061 6363 6573 7369 626c 6520 746f is accessible to\n-000424b0: 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 0a70 6879 anyone with.phy\n-000424c0: 7369 6361 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 sical access to \n-000424d0: 7468 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c 653a 2061 6e79 the console: any\n-000424e0: 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 7365 6c65 6374 2061 one can select a\n-000424f0: 6e64 2065 6469 7420 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 nd edit any menu\n-00042500: 0a65 6e74 7279 2c20 616e 6420 616e 796f .entry, and anyo\n-00042510: 6e65 2063 616e 2067 6574 2064 6972 6563 ne can get direc\n-00042520: 7420 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 6120 4752 t access to a GR\n-00042530: 5542 2073 6865 6c6c 2070 726f 6d70 742e UB shell prompt.\n-00042540: 2020 466f 720a 6d6f 7374 2073 7973 7465 For.most syste\n-00042550: 6d73 2c20 7468 6973 2069 7320 7265 6173 ms, this is reas\n-00042560: 6f6e 6162 6c65 2073 696e 6365 2061 6e79 onable since any\n-00042570: 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 2064 6972 6563 7420 one with direct \n-00042580: 7068 7973 6963 616c 0a61 6363 6573 7320 physical.access \n-00042590: 6861 7320 6120 7661 7269 6574 7920 6f66 has a variety of\n-000425a0: 206f 7468 6572 2077 6179 7320 746f 2067 other ways to g\n-000425b0: 6169 6e20 6675 6c6c 2061 6363 6573 732c ain full access,\n-000425c0: 2061 6e64 2072 6571 7569 7269 6e67 0a61 and requiring.a\n-000425d0: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6174 uthentication at\n-000425e0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 the boot loader\n-000425f0: 206c 6576 656c 2077 6f75 6c64 206f 6e6c level would onl\n-00042600: 7920 7365 7276 6520 746f 206d 616b 6520 y serve to make \n-00042610: 6974 0a64 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2074 6f20 it.difficult to \n-00042620: 7265 636f 7665 7220 6272 6f6b 656e 2073 recover broken s\n-00042630: 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 ystems... Howe\n-00042640: 7665 722c 2069 6e20 736f 6d65 2065 6e76 ver, in some env\n-00042650: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 732c 2073 7563 6820 ironments, such \n-00042660: 6173 206b 696f 736b 732c 2069 7420 6d61 as kiosks, it ma\n-00042670: 7920 6265 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 y be appropriate\n-00042680: 0a74 6f20 6c6f 636b 2064 6f77 6e20 7468 .to lock down th\n-00042690: 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 746f e boot loader to\n-000426a0: 2072 6571 7569 7265 2061 7574 6865 6e74 require authent\n-000426b0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6265 666f 7265 2070 ication before p\n-000426c0: 6572 666f 726d 696e 670a 6365 7274 6169 erforming.certai\n-000426d0: 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 n operations... \n-000426e0: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 The ...passwor\n-000426f0: 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 7373 d... (*note pass\n-00042700: 776f 7264 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 e280 9870 word::) and ...p\n-00042710: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 e280 assword_pbkdf2..\n-00042720: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a70 6173 7377 6f72 . (*note.passwor\n-00042730: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d d_pbkdf2::) comm\n-00042740: 616e 6473 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 ands can be used\n-00042750: 2074 6f20 6465 6669 6e65 2075 7365 7273 to define users\n-00042760: 2c20 6561 6368 206f 6620 7768 6963 680a , each of which.\n-00042770: 6861 7320 616e 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 has an associate\n-00042780: 6420 7061 7373 776f 7264 2e20 20e2 8098 d password. ...\n-00042790: 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 7365 7473 password... sets\n-000427a0: 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 696e the password in\n-000427b0: 2070 6c61 696e 2074 6578 742c 0a72 6571 plain text,.req\n-000427c0: 7569 7269 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 uiring ...grub.c\n-000427d0: 6667 e280 9920 746f 2062 6520 7365 6375 fg... to be secu\n-000427e0: 7265 3b20 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 645f re; ...password_\n-000427f0: 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 7365 7473 2074 pbkdf2... sets t\n-00042800: 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 6861 7368 he password.hash\n-00042810: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2050 6173 ed using the Pas\n-00042820: 7377 6f72 642d 4261 7365 6420 4b65 7920 sword-Based Key \n-00042830: 4465 7269 7661 7469 6f6e 2046 756e 6374 Derivation Funct\n-00042840: 696f 6e20 2852 4643 2032 3839 3829 2c0a ion (RFC 2898),.\n-00042850: 7265 7175 6972 696e 6720 7468 6520 7573 requiring the us\n-00042860: 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 e of ...grub-mkp\n-00042870: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 asswd-pbkdf2... \n-00042880: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a (*note Invoking.\n-00042890: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n-000428a0: 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 746f 2067 656e 6572 kdf2::) to gener\n-000428b0: 6174 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 ate password has\n-000428c0: 6865 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 hes... In orde\n-000428d0: 7220 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6175 7468 r to enable auth\n-000428e0: 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 706f entication suppo\n-000428f0: 7274 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9873 7570 6572 rt, the ...super\n-00042900: 7573 6572 73e2 8099 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e users....environ\n-00042910: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d75 ment variable mu\n-00042920: 7374 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 206c st be set to a l\n-00042930: 6973 7420 6f66 2075 7365 726e 616d 6573 ist of usernames\n-00042940: 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 0a61 , separated by.a\n-00042950: 6e79 206f 6620 7370 6163 6573 2c20 636f ny of spaces, co\n-00042960: 6d6d 6173 2c20 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 mmas, semicolons\n-00042970: 2c20 7069 7065 732c 206f 7220 616d 7065 , pipes, or ampe\n-00042980: 7273 616e 6473 2e20 2053 7570 6572 7573 rsands. Superus\n-00042990: 6572 7320 6172 650a 7065 726d 6974 7465 ers are.permitte\n-000429a0: 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 d to use the GRU\n-000429b0: 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2c20 B command line, \n-000429c0: 6564 6974 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 edit menu entrie\n-000429d0: 732c 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 0a61 s, and execute.a\n-000429e0: 6e79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 ny menu entry. \n-000429f0: 4966 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 If ...superusers\n-00042a00: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2c20 7468 656e ... is set, then\n-00042a10: 2075 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d use of the comm\n-00042a20: 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 0a61 6e64 2065 6469 and line.and edi\n-00042a30: 7469 6e67 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ting of menu ent\n-00042a40: 7269 6573 2061 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 ries are automat\n-00042a50: 6963 616c 6c79 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 ically restricte\n-00042a60: 6420 746f 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 732e d to superusers.\n-00042a70: 0a53 6574 7469 6e67 20e2 8098 7375 7065 .Setting ...supe\n-00042a80: 7275 7365 7273 e280 9920 746f 2065 6d70 rusers... to emp\n-00042a90: 7479 2073 7472 696e 6720 6566 6665 6374 ty string effect\n-00042aa0: 6976 656c 7920 6469 7361 626c 6573 2062 ively disables b\n-00042ab0: 6f74 6820 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f0a 434c oth access to.CL\n-00042ac0: 4920 616e 6420 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f66 I and editing of\n-00042ad0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 2020 menu entries. \n-00042ae0: 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 656e 7669 726f Note: The enviro\n-00042af0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e nment variable n\n-00042b00: 6565 6473 0a74 6f20 6265 2065 7870 6f72 eeds.to be expor\n-00042b10: 7465 6420 746f 2061 6c73 6f20 6166 6665 ted to also affe\n-00042b20: 6374 2074 6865 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2064 ct the section d\n-00042b30: 6566 696e 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 e280 efined by the ..\n-00042b40: 9873 7562 6d65 6e75 e280 990a 636f 6d6d .submenu....comm\n-00042b50: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 7562 6d65 and (*note subme\n-00042b60: 6e75 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 nu::)... Other\n-00042b70: 2075 7365 7273 206d 6179 2062 6520 616c users may be al\n-00042b80: 6c6f 7765 6420 746f 2065 7865 6375 7465 lowed to execute\n-00042b90: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 6d65 6e75 2065 specific menu e\n-00042ba0: 6e74 7269 6573 2062 7920 6769 7669 6e67 ntries by giving\n-00042bb0: 0a61 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2075 7365 726e .a list of usern\n-00042bc0: 616d 6573 2028 6173 2061 626f 7665 2920 ames (as above) \n-00042bd0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d75 using the ...--u\n-00042be0: 7365 7273 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 sers... option t\n-00042bf0: 6f20 7468 650a e280 986d 656e 7565 6e74 o the....menuent\n-00042c00: 7279 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a ry... command (*\n-00042c10: 6e6f 7465 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a note menuentry::\n-00042c20: 292e 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d ). If the ...--\n-00042c30: 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 e280 9920 unrestricted... \n-00042c40: 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a69 7320 7573 6564 2066 option.is used f\n-00042c50: 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c or a menu entry,\n-00042c60: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6174 2065 6e74 7279 then that entry\n-00042c70: 2069 7320 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 is unrestricted\n-00042c80: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a e280 982d 2d75 . If the....--u\n-00042c90: 7365 7273 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 sers... option i\n-00042ca0: 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 s not used for a\n-00042cb0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2074 6865 menu entry, the\n-00042cc0: 6e20 7468 6174 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7065 n that only supe\n-00042cd0: 7275 7365 7273 0a61 7265 2061 626c 6520 rusers.are able \n-00042ce0: 746f 2075 7365 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 2050 to use it... P\n-00042cf0: 7574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 746f 6765 utting this toge\n-00042d00: 7468 6572 2c20 6120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 ther, a typical \n-00042d10: e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2066 ...grub.cfg... f\n-00042d20: 7261 676d 656e 7420 6d69 6768 7420 6c6f ragment might lo\n-00042d30: 6f6b 206c 696b 650a 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 ok like.this:.. \n-00042d40: 2020 2020 7365 7420 7375 7065 7275 7365 set superuse\n-00042d50: 7273 3d22 726f 6f74 220a 2020 2020 2070 rs=\"root\". p\n-00042d60: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2072 assword_pbkdf2 r\n-00042d70: 6f6f 7420 6772 7562 2e70 626b 6466 322e oot grub.pbkdf2.\n-00042d80: 7368 6135 3132 2e31 3030 3030 2e62 6967 sha512.10000.big\n-00042d90: 6c6f 6e67 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 longstring. \n-00042da0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2075 7365 7231 2069 password user1 i\n-00042db0: 6e73 6563 7572 650a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 nsecure.. me\n-00042dc0: 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224d 6179 2062 6520 nuentry \"May be \n-00042dd0: 7275 6e20 6279 2061 6e79 2075 7365 7222 run by any user\"\n-00042de0: 202d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 --unrestricted \n-00042df0: 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 {. .set root\n-00042e00: 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 096c =(hd0,1). .l\n-00042e10: 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 inux /vmlinuz. \n-00042e20: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 }.. menue\n-00042e30: 6e74 7279 2022 5375 7065 7275 7365 7273 ntry \"Superusers\n-00042e40: 206f 6e6c 7922 202d 2d75 7365 7273 2022 only\" --users \"\n-00042e50: 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f \" {. .set ro\n-00042e60: 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 ot=(hd0,1). \n-00042e70: 096c 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 .linux /vmlinuz \n-00042e80: 7369 6e67 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 single. }.. \n-00042e90: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224d menuentry \"M\n-00042ea0: 6179 2062 6520 7275 6e20 6279 2075 7365 ay be run by use\n-00042eb0: 7231 206f 7220 6120 7375 7065 7275 7365 r1 or a superuse\n-00042ec0: 7222 202d 2d75 7365 7273 2075 7365 7231 r\" --users user1\n-00042ed0: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f {. .set roo\n-00042ee0: 743d 2868 6430 2c32 290a 2020 2020 2009 t=(hd0,2). .\n-00042ef0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 chainloader +1. \n-00042f00: 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 e280 }.. The ..\n-00042f10: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n-00042f20: 9920 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 646f 6573 206e . program does n\n-00042f30: 6f74 2079 6574 2068 6176 6520 6275 696c ot yet have buil\n-00042f40: 742d 696e 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 t-in support for\n-00042f50: 0a67 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 636f 6e66 .generating conf\n-00042f60: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 iguration files \n-00042f70: 7769 7468 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 with authenticat\n-00042f80: 696f 6e2e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 ion. You can us\n-00042f90: 650a e280 982f 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 e..../etc/grub.d\n-00042fa0: 2f34 305f 6375 7374 6f6d e280 9920 746f /40_custom... to\n-00042fb0: 2061 6464 2073 696d 706c 6520 7375 7065 add simple supe\n-00042fc0: 7275 7365 7220 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 ruser authentica\n-00042fd0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6279 0a61 6464 696e 6720 tion, by.adding \n-00042fe0: e280 9873 6574 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 ...set superuser\n-00042ff0: 733d e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9870 6173 s=... and ...pas\n-00043000: 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9870 sword... or ...p\n-00043010: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 e280 assword_pbkdf2..\n-00043020: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 . commands.....F\n-00043030: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00043040: 204e 6f64 653a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 Node: Using dig\n-00043050: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c ital signatures,\n-00043060: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 Next: UEFI sec\n-00043070: 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 ure boot and shi\n-00043080: 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4175 7468 656e m, Prev: Authen\n-00043090: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 tication and aut\n-000430a0: 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a horisation, Up:\n-000430b0: 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3220 Security..19.2 \n-000430c0: 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 Using digital si\n-000430d0: 676e 6174 7572 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 gnatures in GRUB\n-000430e0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00042470: 3d3d 0a0a 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 ==..By default, \n+00042480: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 the boot loader \n+00042490: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6973 2061 6363 interface is acc\n+000424a0: 6573 7369 626c 6520 746f 2061 6e79 6f6e essible to anyon\n+000424b0: 6520 7769 7468 0a70 6879 7369 6361 6c20 e with.physical \n+000424c0: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f access to the co\n+000424d0: 6e73 6f6c 653a 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 6361 nsole: anyone ca\n+000424e0: 6e20 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e64 2065 6469 n select and edi\n+000424f0: 7420 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 0a65 6e74 7279 t any menu.entry\n+00042500: 2c20 616e 6420 616e 796f 6e65 2063 616e , and anyone can\n+00042510: 2067 6574 2064 6972 6563 7420 6163 6365 get direct acce\n+00042520: 7373 2074 6f20 6120 4752 5542 2073 6865 ss to a GRUB she\n+00042530: 6c6c 2070 726f 6d70 742e 2020 466f 720a ll prompt. For.\n+00042540: 6d6f 7374 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 most systems, th\n+00042550: 6973 2069 7320 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 is is reasonable\n+00042560: 2073 696e 6365 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 7769 since anyone wi\n+00042570: 7468 2064 6972 6563 7420 7068 7973 6963 th direct physic\n+00042580: 616c 0a61 6363 6573 7320 6861 7320 6120 al.access has a \n+00042590: 7661 7269 6574 7920 6f66 206f 7468 6572 variety of other\n+000425a0: 2077 6179 7320 746f 2067 6169 6e20 6675 ways to gain fu\n+000425b0: 6c6c 2061 6363 6573 732c 2061 6e64 2072 ll access, and r\n+000425c0: 6571 7569 7269 6e67 0a61 7574 6865 6e74 equiring.authent\n+000425d0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6174 2074 6865 2062 ication at the b\n+000425e0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206c 6576 656c oot loader level\n+000425f0: 2077 6f75 6c64 206f 6e6c 7920 7365 7276 would only serv\n+00042600: 6520 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 0a64 6966 e to make it.dif\n+00042610: 6669 6375 6c74 2074 6f20 7265 636f 7665 ficult to recove\n+00042620: 7220 6272 6f6b 656e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 r broken systems\n+00042630: 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2069 ... However, i\n+00042640: 6e20 736f 6d65 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 n some environme\n+00042650: 6e74 732c 2073 7563 6820 6173 206b 696f nts, such as kio\n+00042660: 736b 732c 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 2061 sks, it may be a\n+00042670: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 0a74 6f20 6c6f ppropriate.to lo\n+00042680: 636b 2064 6f77 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 ck down the boot\n+00042690: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 746f 2072 6571 7569 loader to requi\n+000426a0: 7265 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f re authenticatio\n+000426b0: 6e20 6265 666f 7265 2070 6572 666f 726d n before perform\n+000426c0: 696e 670a 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 ing.certain oper\n+000426d0: 6174 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 ations... The \n+000426e0: e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 2028 ...password... (\n+000426f0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a3a *note password::\n+00042700: 2920 616e 6420 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 ) and ...passwor\n+00042710: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 282a 6e6f d_pbkdf2... (*no\n+00042720: 7465 0a70 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 te.password_pbkd\n+00042730: 6632 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 f2::) commands c\n+00042740: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6465 an be used to de\n+00042750: 6669 6e65 2075 7365 7273 2c20 6561 6368 fine users, each\n+00042760: 206f 6620 7768 6963 680a 6861 7320 616e of which.has an\n+00042770: 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7061 7373 associated pass\n+00042780: 776f 7264 2e20 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f word. ...passwo\n+00042790: 7264 e280 9920 7365 7473 2074 6865 2070 rd... sets the p\n+000427a0: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 696e 2070 6c61 696e assword in plain\n+000427b0: 2074 6578 742c 0a72 6571 7569 7269 6e67 text,.requiring\n+000427c0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 ...grub.cfg... \n+000427d0: 746f 2062 6520 7365 6375 7265 3b20 e280 to be secure; ..\n+000427e0: 9870 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 .password_pbkdf2\n+000427f0: e280 9920 7365 7473 2074 6865 2070 6173 ... sets the pas\n+00042800: 7377 6f72 640a 6861 7368 6564 2075 7369 sword.hashed usi\n+00042810: 6e67 2074 6865 2050 6173 7377 6f72 642d ng the Password-\n+00042820: 4261 7365 6420 4b65 7920 4465 7269 7661 Based Key Deriva\n+00042830: 7469 6f6e 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e20 2852 tion Function (R\n+00042840: 4643 2032 3839 3829 2c0a 7265 7175 6972 FC 2898),.requir\n+00042850: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 20e2 ing the use of .\n+00042860: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d ..grub-mkpasswd-\n+00042870: 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 pbkdf2... (*note\n+00042880: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking.grub-m\n+00042890: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a kpasswd-pbkdf2::\n+000428a0: 2920 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 7061 ) to generate pa\n+000428b0: 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 6865 732e 0a0a ssword hashes...\n+000428c0: 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2065 In order to e\n+000428d0: 6e61 626c 6520 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 nable authentica\n+000428e0: 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 7468 tion support, th\n+000428f0: 6520 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 e ...superusers.\n+00042900: 8099 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 ...environment v\n+00042910: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 6520 ariable must be \n+00042920: 7365 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 set to a list of\n+00042930: 2075 7365 726e 616d 6573 2c20 7365 7061 usernames, sepa\n+00042940: 7261 7465 6420 6279 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 rated by.any of \n+00042950: 7370 6163 6573 2c20 636f 6d6d 6173 2c20 spaces, commas, \n+00042960: 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 2c20 7069 7065 semicolons, pipe\n+00042970: 732c 206f 7220 616d 7065 7273 616e 6473 s, or ampersands\n+00042980: 2e20 2053 7570 6572 7573 6572 7320 6172 . Superusers ar\n+00042990: 650a 7065 726d 6974 7465 6420 746f 2075 e.permitted to u\n+000429a0: 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d se the GRUB comm\n+000429b0: 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2c20 6564 6974 206d and line, edit m\n+000429c0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732c 2061 6e64 enu entries, and\n+000429d0: 2065 7865 6375 7465 0a61 6e79 206d 656e execute.any men\n+000429e0: 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 u entry. If ...\n+000429f0: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 9920 6973 superusers... is\n+00042a00: 2073 6574 2c20 7468 656e 2075 7365 206f set, then use o\n+00042a10: 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 f the command li\n+00042a20: 6e65 0a61 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f ne.and editing o\n+00042a30: 6620 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2061 f menu entries a\n+00042a40: 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 re automatically\n+00042a50: 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 746f 2073 restricted to s\n+00042a60: 7570 6572 7573 6572 732e 0a53 6574 7469 uperusers..Setti\n+00042a70: 6e67 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 ng ...superusers\n+00042a80: e280 9920 746f 2065 6d70 7479 2073 7472 ... to empty str\n+00042a90: 696e 6720 6566 6665 6374 6976 656c 7920 ing effectively \n+00042aa0: 6469 7361 626c 6573 2062 6f74 6820 6163 disables both ac\n+00042ab0: 6365 7373 2074 6f0a 434c 4920 616e 6420 cess to.CLI and \n+00042ac0: 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f66 206d 656e 7520 editing of menu \n+00042ad0: 656e 7472 6965 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 entries. Note: \n+00042ae0: 5468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 The environment \n+00042af0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 6565 6473 0a74 variable needs.t\n+00042b00: 6f20 6265 2065 7870 6f72 7465 6420 746f o be exported to\n+00042b10: 2061 6c73 6f20 6166 6665 6374 2074 6865 also affect the\n+00042b20: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2064 6566 696e 6564 section defined\n+00042b30: 2062 7920 7468 6520 e280 9873 7562 6d65 by the ...subme\n+00042b40: 6e75 e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a nu....command (*\n+00042b50: 6e6f 7465 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 3a3a 292e note submenu::).\n+00042b60: 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 2075 7365 7273 .. Other users\n+00042b70: 206d 6179 2062 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 may be allowed \n+00042b80: 746f 2065 7865 6375 7465 2073 7065 6369 to execute speci\n+00042b90: 6669 6320 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 fic menu entries\n+00042ba0: 2062 7920 6769 7669 6e67 0a61 206c 6973 by giving.a lis\n+00042bb0: 7420 6f66 2075 7365 726e 616d 6573 2028 t of usernames (\n+00042bc0: 6173 2061 626f 7665 2920 7573 696e 6720 as above) using \n+00042bd0: 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 e280 the ...--users..\n+00042be0: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 650a . option to the.\n+00042bf0: e280 986d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 e280 9920 ...menuentry... \n+00042c00: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206d command (*note m\n+00042c10: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 enuentry::). If\n+00042c20: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 the ...--unrest\n+00042c30: 7269 6374 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ricted... option\n+00042c40: 0a69 7320 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 206d .is used for a m\n+00042c50: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2074 6865 6e20 enu entry, then \n+00042c60: 7468 6174 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 756e that entry is un\n+00042c70: 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 2e20 2049 6620 restricted. If \n+00042c80: 7468 650a e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 e280 the....--users..\n+00042c90: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 . option is not \n+00042ca0: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 used for a menu \n+00042cb0: 656e 7472 792c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6174 entry, then that\n+00042cc0: 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 only superusers\n+00042cd0: 0a61 7265 2061 626c 6520 746f 2075 7365 .are able to use\n+00042ce0: 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 2050 7574 7469 6e67 it... Putting\n+00042cf0: 2074 6869 7320 746f 6765 7468 6572 2c20 this together, \n+00042d00: 6120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 e280 9867 7275 a typical ...gru\n+00042d10: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2066 7261 676d 656e b.cfg... fragmen\n+00042d20: 7420 6d69 6768 7420 6c6f 6f6b 206c 696b t might look lik\n+00042d30: 650a 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 e.this:.. se\n+00042d40: 7420 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 3d22 726f t superusers=\"ro\n+00042d50: 6f74 220a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 ot\". passwor\n+00042d60: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2072 6f6f 7420 6772 d_pbkdf2 root gr\n+00042d70: 7562 2e70 626b 6466 322e 7368 6135 3132 ub.pbkdf2.sha512\n+00042d80: 2e31 3030 3030 2e62 6967 6c6f 6e67 7374 .10000.biglongst\n+00042d90: 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f ring. passwo\n+00042da0: 7264 2075 7365 7231 2069 6e73 6563 7572 rd user1 insecur\n+00042db0: 650a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 e.. menuentr\n+00042dc0: 7920 224d 6179 2062 6520 7275 6e20 6279 y \"May be run by\n+00042dd0: 2061 6e79 2075 7365 7222 202d 2d75 6e72 any user\" --unr\n+00042de0: 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 7b0a 2020 2020 estricted {. \n+00042df0: 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c .set root=(hd0,\n+00042e00: 3129 0a20 2020 2020 096c 696e 7578 202f 1). .linux /\n+00042e10: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a vmlinuz. }..\n+00042e20: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n+00042e30: 5375 7065 7275 7365 7273 206f 6e6c 7922 Superusers only\"\n+00042e40: 202d 2d75 7365 7273 2022 2220 7b0a 2020 --users \"\" {. \n+00042e50: 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 .set root=(hd\n+00042e60: 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 096c 696e 7578 0,1). .linux\n+00042e70: 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 7369 6e67 6c65 /vmlinuz single\n+00042e80: 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 . }.. me\n+00042e90: 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224d 6179 2062 6520 nuentry \"May be \n+00042ea0: 7275 6e20 6279 2075 7365 7231 206f 7220 run by user1 or \n+00042eb0: 6120 7375 7065 7275 7365 7222 202d 2d75 a superuser\" --u\n+00042ec0: 7365 7273 2075 7365 7231 207b 0a20 2020 sers user1 {. \n+00042ed0: 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 .set root=(hd0\n+00042ee0: 2c32 290a 2020 2020 2009 6368 6169 6e6c ,2). .chainl\n+00042ef0: 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a oader +1. }.\n+00042f00: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d . The ...grub-\n+00042f10: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7072 6f67 mkconfig... prog\n+00042f20: 7261 6d20 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2079 6574 ram does not yet\n+00042f30: 2068 6176 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 2073 have built-in s\n+00042f40: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 0a67 656e 6572 upport for.gener\n+00042f50: 6174 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 ating configurat\n+00042f60: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2061 ion files with a\n+00042f70: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 uthentication. \n+00042f80: 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a e280 982f You can use..../\n+00042f90: 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 etc/grub.d/40_cu\n+00042fa0: 7374 6f6d e280 9920 746f 2061 6464 2073 stom... to add s\n+00042fb0: 696d 706c 6520 7375 7065 7275 7365 7220 imple superuser \n+00042fc0: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 authentication, \n+00042fd0: 6279 0a61 6464 696e 6720 e280 9873 6574 by.adding ...set\n+00042fe0: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 733d e280 9920 superusers=... \n+00042ff0: 616e 6420 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 and ...password.\n+00043000: 8099 206f 7220 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 .. or ...passwor\n+00043010: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 636f 6d6d d_pbkdf2... comm\n+00043020: 616e 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ands.....File: g\n+00043030: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00043040: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n+00043050: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 4e65 7874 ignatures, Next\n+00043060: 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f : UEFI secure bo\n+00043070: 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 5072 ot and shim, Pr\n+00043080: 6576 3a20 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 ev: Authenticati\n+00043090: 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 on and authorisa\n+000430a0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 tion, Up: Secur\n+000430b0: 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3220 5573 696e 6720 ity..19.2 Using \n+000430c0: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n+000430d0: 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d es in GRUB.=====\n+000430e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000430f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00043100: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2773 20e2 ======..GRUB's .\n-00043110: 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6361 ..core.img... ca\n-00043120: 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2070 726f n optionally pro\n-00043130: 7669 6465 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6d65 6e74 vide enforcement\n-00043140: 2074 6861 7420 616c 6c20 6669 6c65 730a that all files.\n-00043150: 7375 6273 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2072 6561 subsequently rea\n-00043160: 6420 6672 6f6d 2064 6973 6b20 6172 6520 d from disk are \n-00043170: 636f 7665 7265 6420 6279 2061 2076 616c covered by a val\n-00043180: 6964 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 id digital signa\n-00043190: 7475 7265 2e0a 5468 6973 2064 6f63 756d ture..This docum\n-000431a0: 656e 7420 646f 6573 202a 6e6f 742a 2063 ent does *not* c\n-000431b0: 6f76 6572 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 656e 7375 over how to ensu\n-000431c0: 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 2070 6c61 re that your pla\n-000431d0: 7466 6f72 6d27 730a 6669 726d 7761 7265 tform's.firmware\n-000431e0: 2028 652e 672e 2c20 436f 7265 626f 6f74 (e.g., Coreboot\n-000431f0: 2920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 7320 e280 9863 ) validates ...c\n-00043200: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 ore.img...... \n-00043210: 4966 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 If environment v\n-00043220: 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b ariable ...check\n-00043230: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2028 _signatures... (\n-00043240: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e *note check_sign\n-00043250: 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 290a 6973 2073 6574 atures::).is set\n-00043260: 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 to ...enforce..\n-00043270: 992c 2074 6865 6e20 6576 6572 7920 6174 ., then every at\n-00043280: 7465 6d70 7420 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 tempt by the GRU\n-00043290: 4220 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 B ...core.img...\n-000432a0: 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a61 6e6f 7468 6572 to load.another\n-000432b0: 2066 696c 6520 e280 9866 6f6f e280 9920 file ...foo... \n-000432c0: 696d 706c 6963 6974 6c79 2069 6e76 6f6b implicitly invok\n-000432d0: 6573 20e2 8098 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 es ...verify_det\n-000432e0: 6163 6865 6420 666f 6f20 666f 6f2e 7369 ached foo foo.si\n-000432f0: 67e2 8099 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 g....(*note veri\n-00043300: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 fy_detached::). \n-00043310: 20e2 8098 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 206d ...foo.sig... m\n-00043320: 7573 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 6120 7661 ust contain a va\n-00043330: 6c69 6420 6469 6769 7461 6c0a 7369 676e lid digital.sign\n-00043340: 6174 7572 6520 6f76 6572 2074 6865 2063 ature over the c\n-00043350: 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 666f ontents of ...fo\n-00043360: 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 o..., which can \n-00043370: 6265 2076 6572 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 be verified with\n-00043380: 2061 0a70 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 6375 a.public key cu\n-00043390: 7272 656e 746c 7920 7472 7573 7465 6420 rrently trusted \n-000433a0: 6279 2047 5255 4220 282a 6e6f 7465 206c by GRUB (*note l\n-000433b0: 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a2c 202a ist_trusted::, *\n-000433c0: 6e6f 7465 0a74 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 616e note.trust::, an\n-000433d0: 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 d *note distrust\n-000433e0: 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2076 616c 6964 6174 ::). If validat\n-000433f0: 696f 6e20 6661 696c 732c 2074 6865 6e20 ion fails, then \n-00043400: 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 0a63 file ...foo....c\n-00043410: 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 206f 7065 6e65 642e annot be opened.\n-00043420: 2020 5468 6973 2066 6169 6c75 7265 206d This failure m\n-00043430: 6179 2068 616c 7420 6f72 206f 7468 6572 ay halt or other\n-00043440: 7769 7365 2069 6d70 6163 7420 7468 6520 wise impact the \n-00043450: 626f 6f74 0a70 726f 6365 7373 2e0a 0a20 boot.process... \n-00043460: 2020 416e 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2074 7275 An initial tru\n-00043470: 7374 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 sted public key \n-00043480: 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 can be embedded \n-00043490: 7769 7468 696e 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a within the GRUB.\n-000434a0: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2075 ...core.img... u\n-000434b0: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7075 sing the ...--pu\n-000434c0: 626b 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 bkey... option t\n-000434d0: 6f20 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c o ...grub-instal\n-000434e0: 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f l... (*note Invo\n-000434f0: 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c king.grub-instal\n-00043500: 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2075 l::)... GRUB u\n-00043510: 7365 7320 4750 472d 7374 796c 6520 6465 ses GPG-style de\n-00043520: 7461 6368 6564 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 tached signature\n-00043530: 7320 286d 6561 6e69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 s (meaning that \n-00043540: 6120 6669 6c65 0ae2 8098 666f 6f2e 7369 a file....foo.si\n-00043550: 67e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 726f g... will be pro\n-00043560: 6475 6365 6420 7768 656e 2066 696c 6520 duced when file \n-00043570: e280 9866 6f6f e280 9920 6973 2073 6967 ...foo... is sig\n-00043580: 6e65 6429 2c20 616e 6420 6375 7272 656e ned), and curren\n-00043590: 746c 790a 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 tly.supports the\n-000435a0: 2044 5341 2061 6e64 2052 5341 2073 6967 DSA and RSA sig\n-000435b0: 6e69 6e67 2061 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 732e ning algorithms.\n-000435c0: 2020 4120 7369 676e 696e 6720 6b65 7920 A signing key \n-000435d0: 6361 6e20 6265 0a67 656e 6572 6174 6564 can be.generated\n-000435e0: 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a 2020 as follows:.. \n-000435f0: 2020 2067 7067 202d 2d67 656e 2d6b 6579 gpg --gen-key\n-00043600: 0a0a 2020 2041 6e20 696e 6469 7669 6475 .. An individu\n-00043610: 616c 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 al file can be s\n-00043620: 6967 6e65 6420 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 igned as follows\n-00043630: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6465 :.. gpg --de\n-00043640: 7461 6368 2d73 6967 6e20 2f70 6174 682f tach-sign /path/\n-00043650: 746f 2f66 696c 650a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 to/file.. For \n-00043660: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 2076 616c 6964 successful valid\n-00043670: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 ation of all of \n-00043680: 4752 5542 2773 2073 7562 636f 6d70 6f6e GRUB's subcompon\n-00043690: 656e 7473 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a6c 6f61 ents and the.loa\n-000436a0: 6465 6420 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2074 ded OS kernel, t\n-000436b0: 6865 7920 6d75 7374 2061 6c6c 2062 6520 hey must all be \n-000436c0: 7369 676e 6564 2e20 204f 6e65 2077 6179 signed. One way\n-000436d0: 2074 6f20 6163 636f 6d70 6c69 7368 2074 to accomplish t\n-000436e0: 6869 730a 6973 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f his.is the follo\n-000436f0: 7769 6e67 2028 6166 7465 7220 6861 7669 wing (after havi\n-00043700: 6e67 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2070 726f 6475 ng already produ\n-00043710: 6365 6420 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 ced the desired \n-00043720: e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 0a66 ...grub.cfg....f\n-00043730: 696c 652c 2065 2e67 2e2c 2062 7920 7275 ile, e.g., by ru\n-00043740: 6e6e 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b nning ...grub-mk\n-00043750: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 config... (*note\n-00043760: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n-00043770: 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 kconfig::):.. \n-00043780: 2020 2320 4564 6974 202f 6465 762f 7368 # Edit /dev/sh\n-00043790: 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 m/passphrase.txt\n-000437a0: 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 796f 7572 to contain your\n-000437b0: 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 206b 6579 2773 2070 signing key's p\n-000437c0: 6173 7370 6872 6173 650a 2020 2020 2066 assphrase. f\n-000437d0: 6f72 2069 2069 6e20 6066 696e 6420 2f62 or i in `find /b\n-000437e0: 6f6f 7420 2d6e 616d 6520 222a 2e63 6667 oot -name \"*.cfg\n-000437f0: 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 222a 2e6c \" -or -name \"*.l\n-00043800: 7374 2220 2d6f 7220 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 st\" -or \\. \n-00043810: 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e 6d6f 6422 202d -name \"*.mod\" -\n-00043820: 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 766d 6c69 6e75 or -name \"vmlinu\n-00043830: 7a2a 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 2269 z*\" -or -name \"i\n-00043840: 6e69 7472 642a 2220 2d6f 7220 5c0a 2020 nitrd*\" -or \\. \n-00043850: 2020 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 6772 7562 -name \"grub\n-00043860: 656e 7622 603b 0a20 2020 2020 646f 0a20 env\"`;. do. \n-00043870: 2020 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6261 7463 gpg --batc\n-00043880: 6820 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 2d73 6967 6e20 h --detach-sign \n-00043890: 2d2d 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2d66 6420 --passphrase-fd \n-000438a0: 3020 2469 203c 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 0 $i < \\. \n-000438b0: 2020 2f64 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 7370 /dev/shm/passp\n-000438c0: 6872 6173 652e 7478 740a 2020 2020 2064 hrase.txt. d\n-000438d0: 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2073 6872 6564 202f one. shred /\n-000438e0: 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 7261 dev/shm/passphra\n-000438f0: 7365 2e74 7874 0a0a 2020 2053 6565 2061 se.txt.. See a\n-00043900: 6c73 6f3a 202a 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 636b lso: *note check\n-00043910: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 202a _signatures::, *\n-00043920: 6e6f 7465 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 note verify_deta\n-00043930: 6368 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 7472 ched::, *note.tr\n-00043940: 7573 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 ust::, *note lis\n-00043950: 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f t_trusted::, *no\n-00043960: 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 202a te distrust::, *\n-00043970: 6e6f 7465 206c 6f61 645f 656e 763a 3a2c note load_env::,\n-00043980: 202a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6176 655f 656e 763a *note.save_env:\n-00043990: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 :... Note that\n-000439a0: 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 7369 676e internally sign\n-000439b0: 6174 7572 6520 656e 666f 7263 656d 656e ature enforcemen\n-000439c0: 7420 6973 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 t is controlled \n-000439d0: 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 2065 by setting.the e\n-000439e0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-000439f0: 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 ble ...check_sig\n-00043a00: 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2065 7175 616c natures... equal\n-00043a10: 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 to ...enforce..\n-00043a20: 992e 2020 5061 7373 696e 670a 6f6e 6520 .. Passing.one \n-00043a30: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 e280 982d 2d70 7562 or more ...--pub\n-00043a40: 6b65 79e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 key... options t\n-00043a50: 6f20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 o ...grub-mkimag\n-00043a60: 65e2 8099 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 746c 7920 e... implicitly \n-00043a70: 6465 6669 6e65 730a e280 9863 6865 636b defines....check\n-00043a80: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2065 _signatures... e\n-00043a90: 7175 616c 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 qual to ...enfor\n-00043aa0: 6365 e280 9920 696e 20e2 8098 636f 7265 ce... in ...core\n-00043ab0: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7072 696f 7220 746f .img... prior to\n-00043ac0: 2070 726f 6365 7373 696e 670a 616e 7920 processing.any \n-00043ad0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-00043ae0: 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 les... Note th\n-00043af0: 6174 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2063 6865 at signature che\n-00043b00: 636b 696e 6720 646f 6573 202a 6e6f 742a cking does *not*\n-00043b10: 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2061 6e20 6174 7461 prevent an atta\n-00043b20: 636b 6572 2077 6974 680a 2873 6572 6961 cker with.(seria\n-00043b30: 6c2c 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c2c 202e 2e2e l, physical, ...\n-00043b40: 2920 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 6363 6573 ) console acces\n-00043b50: 7320 6672 6f6d 2064 726f 7070 696e 6720 s from dropping \n-00043b60: 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 650a manually to the.\n-00043b70: 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 6e64 GRUB console and\n-00043b80: 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 executing:.. \n-00043b90: 2020 7365 7420 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e set check_sign\n-00043ba0: 6174 7572 6573 3d6e 6f0a 0a20 2020 546f atures=no.. To\n-00043bb0: 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2074 6869 732c 2070 prevent this, p\n-00043bc0: 6173 7377 6f72 642d 7072 6f74 6563 7469 assword-protecti\n-00043bd0: 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4175 7468 656e on (*note Authen\n-00043be0: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 0a61 7574 tication and.aut\n-00043bf0: 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 6973 horisation::) is\n-00043c00: 2065 7373 656e 7469 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 essential. Not\n-00043c10: 6520 7468 6174 2065 7665 6e20 7769 7468 e that even with\n-00043c20: 2047 5255 4220 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a70 GRUB password.p\n-00043c30: 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e2c 2047 5255 4220 rotection, GRUB \n-00043c40: 6974 7365 6c66 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 7072 itself cannot pr\n-00043c50: 6576 656e 7420 736f 6d65 6f6e 6520 7769 event someone wi\n-00043c60: 7468 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6163 6365 th physical acce\n-00043c70: 7373 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 6d61 6368 696e ss to.the machin\n-00043c80: 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 6c74 6572 696e 6720 e from altering \n-00043c90: 7468 6174 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2773 2066 that machine's f\n-00043ca0: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 2865 2e67 2e2c 2043 irmware (e.g., C\n-00043cb0: 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 6f72 0a42 494f 5329 oreboot or.BIOS)\n-00043cc0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2074 configuration t\n-00043cd0: 6f20 6361 7573 6520 7468 6520 6d61 6368 o cause the mach\n-00043ce0: 696e 6520 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d ine to boot from\n-00043cf0: 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 0a28 6174 a different.(at\n-00043d00: 7461 636b 6572 2d63 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 tacker-controlle\n-00043d10: 6429 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4752 5542 d) device. GRUB\n-00043d20: 2069 7320 6174 2062 6573 7420 6f6e 6c79 is at best only\n-00043d30: 206f 6e65 206c 696e 6b20 696e 2061 2073 one link in a s\n-00043d40: 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2063 6861 696e ecure.boot chain\n-00043d50: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00043d60: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 4546 info, Node: UEF\n-00043d70: 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e I secure boot an\n-00043d80: 6420 7368 696d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 d shim, Next: S\n-00043d90: 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e ecure Boot Advan\n-00043da0: 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 672c 2020 ced Targeting, \n-00043db0: 5072 6576 3a20 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 Prev: Using digi\n-00043dc0: 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 tal signatures, \n-00043dd0: 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 Up: Security..1\n-00043de0: 392e 3320 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 9.3 UEFI secure \n-00043df0: 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d20 7375 boot and shim su\n-00043e00: 7070 6f72 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d pport.==========\n+00043100: 0a0a 4752 5542 2773 20e2 8098 636f 7265 ..GRUB's ...core\n+00043110: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6f70 7469 .img... can opti\n+00043120: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2070 726f 7669 6465 2065 onally provide e\n+00043130: 6e66 6f72 6365 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 nforcement that \n+00043140: 616c 6c20 6669 6c65 730a 7375 6273 6571 all files.subseq\n+00043150: 7565 6e74 6c79 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d uently read from\n+00043160: 2064 6973 6b20 6172 6520 636f 7665 7265 disk are covere\n+00043170: 6420 6279 2061 2076 616c 6964 2064 6967 d by a valid dig\n+00043180: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2e0a ital signature..\n+00043190: 5468 6973 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 646f This document do\n+000431a0: 6573 202a 6e6f 742a 2063 6f76 6572 2068 es *not* cover h\n+000431b0: 6f77 2074 6f20 656e 7375 7265 2074 6861 ow to ensure tha\n+000431c0: 7420 796f 7572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 t your platform'\n+000431d0: 730a 6669 726d 7761 7265 2028 652e 672e s.firmware (e.g.\n+000431e0: 2c20 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2920 7661 6c69 , Coreboot) vali\n+000431f0: 6461 7465 7320 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d dates ...core.im\n+00043200: 67e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2065 6e76 g...... If env\n+00043210: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00043220: 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 e ...check_signa\n+00043230: 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 tures... (*note \n+00043240: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+00043250: 3a3a 290a 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ::).is set to ..\n+00043260: 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992c 2074 6865 .enforce..., the\n+00043270: 6e20 6576 6572 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 n every attempt \n+00043280: 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 e280 9863 by the GRUB ...c\n+00043290: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 6c6f ore.img... to lo\n+000432a0: 6164 0a61 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6520 ad.another file \n+000432b0: e280 9866 6f6f e280 9920 696d 706c 6963 ...foo... implic\n+000432c0: 6974 6c79 2069 6e76 6f6b 6573 20e2 8098 itly invokes ...\n+000432d0: 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 6420 verify_detached \n+000432e0: 666f 6f20 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 0a28 foo foo.sig....(\n+000432f0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 *note verify_det\n+00043300: 6163 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 20e2 8098 666f ached::). ...fo\n+00043310: 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 206d 7573 7420 636f o.sig... must co\n+00043320: 6e74 6169 6e20 6120 7661 6c69 6420 6469 ntain a valid di\n+00043330: 6769 7461 6c0a 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 gital.signature \n+00043340: 6f76 6572 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 over the content\n+00043350: 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 2c20 s of ...foo..., \n+00043360: 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2076 6572 which can be ver\n+00043370: 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2061 0a70 7562 ified with a.pub\n+00043380: 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 6375 7272 656e 746c lic key currentl\n+00043390: 7920 7472 7573 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 y trusted by GRU\n+000433a0: 4220 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 B (*note list_tr\n+000433b0: 7573 7465 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a74 usted::, *note.t\n+000433c0: 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 rust::, and *not\n+000433d0: 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 e distrust::). \n+000433e0: 4966 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6661 If validation fa\n+000433f0: 696c 732c 2074 6865 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 ils, then file .\n+00043400: 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 0a63 616e 6e6f 7420 ..foo....cannot \n+00043410: 6265 206f 7065 6e65 642e 2020 5468 6973 be opened. This\n+00043420: 2066 6169 6c75 7265 206d 6179 2068 616c failure may hal\n+00043430: 7420 6f72 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2069 t or otherwise i\n+00043440: 6d70 6163 7420 7468 6520 626f 6f74 0a70 mpact the boot.p\n+00043450: 726f 6365 7373 2e0a 0a20 2020 416e 2069 rocess... An i\n+00043460: 6e69 7469 616c 2074 7275 7374 6564 2070 nitial trusted p\n+00043470: 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 6361 6e20 6265 ublic key can be\n+00043480: 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 7769 7468 696e embedded within\n+00043490: 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a e280 9863 6f72 the GRUB....cor\n+000434a0: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2075 7369 6e67 2074 e.img... using t\n+000434b0: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7075 626b 6579 e280 he ...--pubkey..\n+000434c0: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9867 . option to ...g\n+000434d0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2028 rub-install... (\n+000434e0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 *note Invoking.g\n+000434f0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a rub-install::)..\n+00043500: 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 4750 . GRUB uses GP\n+00043510: 472d 7374 796c 6520 6465 7461 6368 6564 G-style detached\n+00043520: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7320 286d 6561 signatures (mea\n+00043530: 6e69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 6120 6669 6c65 ning that a file\n+00043540: 0ae2 8098 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 2077 ....foo.sig... w\n+00043550: 696c 6c20 6265 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 ill be produced \n+00043560: 7768 656e 2066 696c 6520 e280 9866 6f6f when file ...foo\n+00043570: e280 9920 6973 2073 6967 6e65 6429 2c20 ... is signed), \n+00043580: 616e 6420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a 7375 and currently.su\n+00043590: 7070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 2044 5341 2061 pports the DSA a\n+000435a0: 6e64 2052 5341 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 2061 nd RSA signing a\n+000435b0: 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 732e 2020 4120 7369 lgorithms. A si\n+000435c0: 676e 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6361 6e20 6265 gning key can be\n+000435d0: 0a67 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 7320 666f .generated as fo\n+000435e0: 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7067 llows:.. gpg\n+000435f0: 202d 2d67 656e 2d6b 6579 0a0a 2020 2041 --gen-key.. A\n+00043600: 6e20 696e 6469 7669 6475 616c 2066 696c n individual fil\n+00043610: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 6420 e can be signed \n+00043620: 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 as follows:.. \n+00043630: 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 2d73 gpg --detach-s\n+00043640: 6967 6e20 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f66 696c ign /path/to/fil\n+00043650: 650a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 7375 6363 6573 e.. For succes\n+00043660: 7366 756c 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 sful validation \n+00043670: 6f66 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 4752 5542 2773 of all of GRUB's\n+00043680: 2073 7562 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2061 subcomponents a\n+00043690: 6e64 2074 6865 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 4f53 nd the.loaded OS\n+000436a0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2074 6865 7920 6d75 kernel, they mu\n+000436b0: 7374 2061 6c6c 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 st all be signed\n+000436c0: 2e20 204f 6e65 2077 6179 2074 6f20 6163 . One way to ac\n+000436d0: 636f 6d70 6c69 7368 2074 6869 730a 6973 complish this.is\n+000436e0: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2028 the following (\n+000436f0: 6166 7465 7220 6861 7669 6e67 2061 6c72 after having alr\n+00043700: 6561 6479 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 7468 eady produced th\n+00043710: 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 e280 9867 7275 e desired ...gru\n+00043720: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 0a66 696c 652c 2065 b.cfg....file, e\n+00043730: 2e67 2e2c 2062 7920 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 .g., by running \n+00043740: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n+00043750: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ... (*note Invok\n+00043760: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n+00043770: 673a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 4564 g::):.. # Ed\n+00043780: 6974 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 it /dev/shm/pass\n+00043790: 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 2074 6f20 636f phrase.txt to co\n+000437a0: 6e74 6169 6e20 796f 7572 2073 6967 6e69 ntain your signi\n+000437b0: 6e67 206b 6579 2773 2070 6173 7370 6872 ng key's passphr\n+000437c0: 6173 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2069 2069 ase. for i i\n+000437d0: 6e20 6066 696e 6420 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d6e n `find /boot -n\n+000437e0: 616d 6520 222a 2e63 6667 2220 2d6f 7220 ame \"*.cfg\" -or \n+000437f0: 2d6e 616d 6520 222a 2e6c 7374 2220 2d6f -name \"*.lst\" -o\n+00043800: 7220 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 r \\. -name\n+00043810: 2022 2a2e 6d6f 6422 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 \"*.mod\" -or -na\n+00043820: 6d65 2022 766d 6c69 6e75 7a2a 2220 2d6f me \"vmlinuz*\" -o\n+00043830: 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 2269 6e69 7472 642a r -name \"initrd*\n+00043840: 2220 2d6f 7220 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 202d \" -or \\. -\n+00043850: 6e61 6d65 2022 6772 7562 656e 7622 603b name \"grubenv\"`;\n+00043860: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 . do. \n+00043870: 6770 6720 2d2d 6261 7463 6820 2d2d 6465 gpg --batch --de\n+00043880: 7461 6368 2d73 6967 6e20 2d2d 7061 7373 tach-sign --pass\n+00043890: 7068 7261 7365 2d66 6420 3020 2469 203c phrase-fd 0 $i <\n+000438a0: 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f64 6576 \\. /dev\n+000438b0: 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e /shm/passphrase.\n+000438c0: 7478 740a 2020 2020 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 txt. done. \n+000438d0: 2020 2073 6872 6564 202f 6465 762f 7368 shred /dev/sh\n+000438e0: 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 m/passphrase.txt\n+000438f0: 0a0a 2020 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f3a 202a .. See also: *\n+00043900: 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 note check_signa\n+00043910: 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2076 tures::, *note v\n+00043920: 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a erify_detached::\n+00043930: 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 7472 7573 743a 3a2c , *note.trust::,\n+00043940: 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 *note list_trus\n+00043950: 7465 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 ted::, *note dis\n+00043960: 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 206c trust::, *note l\n+00043970: 6f61 645f 656e 763a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 oad_env::, *note\n+00043980: 0a73 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 .save_env::... \n+00043990: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2069 6e74 6572 Note that inter\n+000439a0: 6e61 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 nally signature \n+000439b0: 656e 666f 7263 656d 656e 7420 6973 2063 enforcement is c\n+000439c0: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2073 6574 ontrolled by set\n+000439d0: 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e ting.the environ\n+000439e0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 ment variable ..\n+000439f0: 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 .check_signature\n+00043a00: 73e2 8099 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 e280 s... equal to ..\n+00043a10: 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992e 2020 5061 .enforce.... Pa\n+00043a20: 7373 696e 670a 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 ssing.one or mor\n+00043a30: 6520 e280 982d 2d70 7562 6b65 79e2 8099 e ...--pubkey...\n+00043a40: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 e280 9867 options to ...g\n+00043a50: 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2069 rub-mkimage... i\n+00043a60: 6d70 6c69 6369 746c 7920 6465 6669 6e65 mplicitly define\n+00043a70: 730a e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 s....check_signa\n+00043a80: 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2065 7175 616c 2074 tures... equal t\n+00043a90: 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 9920 o ...enforce... \n+00043aa0: 696e 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 in ...core.img..\n+00043ab0: 9920 7072 696f 7220 746f 2070 726f 6365 . prior to proce\n+00043ac0: 7373 696e 670a 616e 7920 636f 6e66 6967 ssing.any config\n+00043ad0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e 0a0a uration files...\n+00043ae0: 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2073 6967 Note that sig\n+00043af0: 6e61 7475 7265 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 nature checking \n+00043b00: 646f 6573 202a 6e6f 742a 2070 7265 7665 does *not* preve\n+00043b10: 6e74 2061 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 2077 nt an attacker w\n+00043b20: 6974 680a 2873 6572 6961 6c2c 2070 6879 ith.(serial, phy\n+00043b30: 7369 6361 6c2c 202e 2e2e 2920 2063 6f6e sical, ...) con\n+00043b40: 736f 6c65 2061 6363 6573 7320 6672 6f6d sole access from\n+00043b50: 2064 726f 7070 696e 6720 6d61 6e75 616c dropping manual\n+00043b60: 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 650a 4752 5542 2063 ly to the.GRUB c\n+00043b70: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 onsole and execu\n+00043b80: 7469 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 ting:.. set \n+00043b90: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n+00043ba0: 3d6e 6f0a 0a20 2020 546f 2070 7265 7665 =no.. To preve\n+00043bb0: 6e74 2074 6869 732c 2070 6173 7377 6f72 nt this, passwor\n+00043bc0: 642d 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e d-protection (*n\n+00043bd0: 6f74 6520 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 ote Authenticati\n+00043be0: 6f6e 2061 6e64 0a61 7574 686f 7269 7361 on and.authorisa\n+00043bf0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 6973 2065 7373 656e tion::) is essen\n+00043c00: 7469 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 tial. Note that\n+00043c10: 2065 7665 6e20 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 even with GRUB \n+00043c20: 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a70 726f 7465 6374 password.protect\n+00043c30: 696f 6e2c 2047 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 ion, GRUB itself\n+00043c40: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 7072 6576 656e 7420 cannot prevent \n+00043c50: 736f 6d65 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 2070 6879 someone with phy\n+00043c60: 7369 6361 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f0a sical access to.\n+00043c70: 7468 6520 6d61 6368 696e 6520 6672 6f6d the machine from\n+00043c80: 2061 6c74 6572 696e 6720 7468 6174 206d altering that m\n+00043c90: 6163 6869 6e65 2773 2066 6972 6d77 6172 achine's firmwar\n+00043ca0: 6520 2865 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f e (e.g., Coreboo\n+00043cb0: 7420 6f72 0a42 494f 5329 2063 6f6e 6669 t or.BIOS) confi\n+00043cc0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 6361 7573 guration to caus\n+00043cd0: 6520 7468 6520 6d61 6368 696e 6520 746f e the machine to\n+00043ce0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 2064 6966 boot from a dif\n+00043cf0: 6665 7265 6e74 0a28 6174 7461 636b 6572 ferent.(attacker\n+00043d00: 2d63 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6429 2064 6576 -controlled) dev\n+00043d10: 6963 652e 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 6174 ice. GRUB is at\n+00043d20: 2062 6573 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206c best only one l\n+00043d30: 696e 6b20 696e 2061 2073 6563 7572 650a ink in a secure.\n+00043d40: 626f 6f74 2063 6861 696e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 boot chain.....F\n+00043d50: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00043d60: 204e 6f64 653a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 Node: UEFI secu\n+00043d70: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d re boot and shim\n+00043d80: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 6563 7572 6520 , Next: Secure \n+00043d90: 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 Boot Advanced Ta\n+00043da0: 7267 6574 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 rgeting, Prev: \n+00043db0: 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 Using digital si\n+00043dc0: 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 gnatures, Up: S\n+00043dd0: 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3320 5545 ecurity..19.3 UE\n+00043de0: 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 FI secure boot a\n+00043df0: 6e64 2073 6869 6d20 7375 7070 6f72 740a nd shim support.\n+00043e00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00043e10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00043e20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-00043e30: 6520 4752 5542 2c20 6578 6365 7074 2074 e GRUB, except t\n-00043e40: 6865 20e2 8098 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 he ...chainloade\n-00043e50: 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 776f r... command, wo\n-00043e60: 726b 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 2055 4546 rks with the UEF\n-00043e70: 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 616e I secure.boot an\n-00043e80: 6420 7468 6520 7368 696d 2e20 2054 6869 d the shim. Thi\n-00043e90: 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 s functionality \n-00043ea0: 6973 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 is provided by t\n-00043eb0: 6865 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 0a76 6572 he shim_lock.ver\n-00043ec0: 6966 6965 722e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6275 ifier. It is bu\n-00043ed0: 696c 7420 696e 746f 2074 6865 20e2 8098 ilt into the ...\n-00043ee0: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 core.img... and \n-00043ef0: 6973 2072 6567 6973 7465 7265 6420 6966 is registered if\n-00043f00: 2074 6865 2055 4546 490a 7365 6375 7265 the UEFI.secure\n-00043f10: 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 boot is enabled\n-00043f20: 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 7368 696d 5f6c . The ...shim_l\n-00043f30: 6f63 6be2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ock... variable \n-00043f40: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e280 is set to ...y..\n-00043f50: 9920 7768 656e 0a73 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b . when.shim_lock\n-00043f60: 2076 6572 6966 6965 7220 6973 2072 6567 verifier is reg\n-00043f70: 6973 7465 7265 642e 2020 4966 2069 7420 istered. If it \n-00043f80: 6973 2064 6573 6972 6564 2074 6f20 7573 is desired to us\n-00043f90: 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f e UEFI secure.bo\n-00043fa0: 6f74 2077 6974 686f 7574 2073 6869 6d2c ot without shim,\n-00043fb0: 206f 6e65 2063 616e 2064 6973 6162 6c65 one can disable\n-00043fc0: 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2062 7920 6469 shim_lock by di\n-00043fd0: 7361 626c 696e 6720 7368 696d 0a76 6572 sabling shim.ver\n-00043fe0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7769 7468 204d ification with M\n-00043ff0: 6f6b 5362 5374 6174 6520 5545 4649 2076 okSbState UEFI v\n-00044000: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6f72 2062 7920 6275 ariable or by bu\n-00044010: 696c 6469 6e67 2067 7275 6220 696d 6167 ilding grub imag\n-00044020: 650a 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 6469 7361 e.with ...--disa\n-00044030: 626c 652d 7368 696d 2d6c 6f63 6be2 8099 ble-shim-lock...\n-00044040: 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c option... All\n-00044050: 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6e6f GRUB modules no\n-00044060: 7420 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 t stored in the \n-00044070: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 ...core.img..., \n-00044080: 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 4143 5049 OS kernels, ACPI\n-00044090: 0a74 6162 6c65 732c 2044 6576 6963 6520 .tables, Device \n-000440a0: 5472 6565 732c 2065 7463 2e20 2068 6176 Trees, etc. hav\n-000440b0: 6520 746f 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 2c20 e to be signed, \n-000440c0: 652e 672c 2075 7369 6e67 2050 4750 2e0a e.g, using PGP..\n-000440d0: 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 Additionally, th\n-000440e0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 e commands that \n-000440f0: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 can be used to s\n-00044100: 7562 7665 7274 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 ubvert the UEFI \n-00044110: 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 6d65 6368 secure.boot mech\n-00044120: 616e 6973 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 anism, such as .\n-00044130: 8098 696f 7277 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 ..iorw... and ..\n-00044140: 986d 656d 7277 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 206e .memrw... will n\n-00044150: 6f74 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 ot be available \n-00044160: 7768 656e 0a74 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 when.the UEFI se\n-00044170: 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 cure boot is ena\n-00044180: 626c 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 bled. This is d\n-00044190: 6f6e 6520 666f 7220 7365 6375 7269 7479 one for security\n-000441a0: 2072 6561 736f 6e73 2061 6e64 0a61 7265 reasons and.are\n-000441b0: 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 6279 2074 6865 enforced by the\n-000441c0: 2047 5255 4220 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 206d GRUB Lockdown m\n-000441d0: 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 echanism (*note \n-000441e0: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a Lockdown::).....\n-000441f0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00044200: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 Node: Secure B\n-00044210: 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 oot Advanced Tar\n-00044220: 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d geting, Next: M\n-00044230: 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 2050 easured Boot, P\n-00044240: 7265 763a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 rev: UEFI secure\n-00044250: 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 2c20 boot and shim, \n-00044260: 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 Up: Security..1\n-00044270: 392e 3420 456d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e66 9.4 Embedded inf\n-00044280: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2067 656e ormation for gen\n-00044290: 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2062 eration number b\n-000442a0: 6173 6564 2072 6576 6f63 6174 696f 6e0a ased revocation.\n+00043e20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 ======..The GRUB\n+00043e30: 2c20 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 20e2 8098 , except the ...\n+00043e40: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2063 chainloader... c\n+00043e50: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 776f 726b 7320 7769 ommand, works wi\n+00043e60: 7468 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 th the UEFI secu\n+00043e70: 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7468 6520 re.boot and the \n+00043e80: 7368 696d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6675 6e63 shim. This func\n+00043e90: 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 6973 2070 726f tionality is pro\n+00043ea0: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 6869 vided by the shi\n+00043eb0: 6d5f 6c6f 636b 0a76 6572 6966 6965 722e m_lock.verifier.\n+00043ec0: 2020 4974 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 696e It is built in\n+00043ed0: 746f 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 to the ...core.i\n+00043ee0: 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 6973 2072 6567 mg... and is reg\n+00043ef0: 6973 7465 7265 6420 6966 2074 6865 2055 istered if the U\n+00043f00: 4546 490a 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 EFI.secure boot \n+00043f10: 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2054 6865 is enabled. The\n+00043f20: 20e2 8098 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6be2 8099 ...shim_lock...\n+00043f30: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n+00043f40: 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e280 9920 7768 656e to ...y... when\n+00043f50: 0a73 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2076 6572 6966 .shim_lock verif\n+00043f60: 6965 7220 6973 2072 6567 6973 7465 7265 ier is registere\n+00043f70: 642e 2020 4966 2069 7420 6973 2064 6573 d. If it is des\n+00043f80: 6972 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 5545 4649 ired to use UEFI\n+00043f90: 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2077 6974 secure.boot wit\n+00043fa0: 686f 7574 2073 6869 6d2c 206f 6e65 2063 hout shim, one c\n+00043fb0: 616e 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2073 6869 6d5f an disable shim_\n+00043fc0: 6c6f 636b 2062 7920 6469 7361 626c 696e lock by disablin\n+00043fd0: 6720 7368 696d 0a76 6572 6966 6963 6174 g shim.verificat\n+00043fe0: 696f 6e20 7769 7468 204d 6f6b 5362 5374 ion with MokSbSt\n+00043ff0: 6174 6520 5545 4649 2076 6172 6961 626c ate UEFI variabl\n+00044000: 6520 6f72 2062 7920 6275 696c 6469 6e67 e or by building\n+00044010: 2067 7275 6220 696d 6167 650a 7769 7468 grub image.with\n+00044020: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6469 7361 626c 652d 7368 ...--disable-sh\n+00044030: 696d 2d6c 6f63 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f im-lock... optio\n+00044040: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 n... All GRUB \n+00044050: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 7374 6f72 modules not stor\n+00044060: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f72 ed in the ...cor\n+00044070: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 4f53 206b 6572 e.img..., OS ker\n+00044080: 6e65 6c73 2c20 4143 5049 0a74 6162 6c65 nels, ACPI.table\n+00044090: 732c 2044 6576 6963 6520 5472 6565 732c s, Device Trees,\n+000440a0: 2065 7463 2e20 2068 6176 6520 746f 2062 etc. have to b\n+000440b0: 6520 7369 676e 6564 2c20 652e 672c 2075 e signed, e.g, u\n+000440c0: 7369 6e67 2050 4750 2e0a 4164 6469 7469 sing PGP..Additi\n+000440d0: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d onally, the comm\n+000440e0: 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 6361 6e20 6265 ands that can be\n+000440f0: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7562 7665 7274 used to subvert\n+00044100: 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 the UEFI secure\n+00044110: 0a62 6f6f 7420 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d2c .boot mechanism,\n+00044120: 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 696f 7277 such as ...iorw\n+00044130: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 986d 656d 7277 ... and ...memrw\n+00044140: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 ... will not be \n+00044150: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7768 656e 0a74 available when.t\n+00044160: 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 he UEFI secure b\n+00044170: 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 oot is enabled. \n+00044180: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 666f This is done fo\n+00044190: 7220 7365 6375 7269 7479 2072 6561 736f r security reaso\n+000441a0: 6e73 2061 6e64 0a61 7265 2065 6e66 6f72 ns and.are enfor\n+000441b0: 6365 6420 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 ced by the GRUB \n+000441c0: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 206d 6563 6861 6e69 Lockdown mechani\n+000441d0: 736d 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4c6f 636b 646f sm (*note Lockdo\n+000441e0: 776e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 wn::).....File: \n+000441f0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00044200: 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 : Secure Boot Ad\n+00044210: 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 vanced Targeting\n+00044220: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 6561 7375 7265 , Next: Measure\n+00044230: 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2055 d Boot, Prev: U\n+00044240: 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 EFI secure boot \n+00044250: 616e 6420 7368 696d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 and shim, Up: S\n+00044260: 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3420 456d ecurity..19.4 Em\n+00044270: 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 bedded informati\n+00044280: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f on for generatio\n+00044290: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2062 6173 6564 2072 n number based r\n+000442a0: 6576 6f63 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d evocation.======\n 000442b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000442c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000442d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000442e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000442f0: 0a0a 5468 6520 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f ..The Secure Boo\n-00044300: 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 t Advanced Targe\n-00044310: 7469 6e67 2028 5342 4154 2920 6973 2061 ting (SBAT) is a\n-00044320: 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2074 6f20 616c mechanism to al\n-00044330: 6c6f 7720 7468 650a 7265 766f 6361 7469 low the.revocati\n-00044340: 6f6e 206f 6620 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 on of components\n-00044350: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2070 6174 in the boot pat\n-00044360: 6820 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2067 656e 6572 h by using gener\n-00044370: 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 730a 656d ation numbers.em\n-00044380: 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 bedded into the \n-00044390: 4546 4920 6269 6e61 7269 6573 2e20 2054 EFI binaries. T\n-000443a0: 6865 2053 4241 5420 6d65 7461 6461 7461 he SBAT metadata\n-000443b0: 2069 7320 6c6f 6361 7465 6420 696e 2061 is located in a\n-000443c0: 6e0a 2e73 6261 7420 6461 7461 2073 6563 n..sbat data sec\n-000443d0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 7365 tion that has se\n-000443e0: 7420 6f66 2055 5446 2d38 2073 7472 696e t of UTF-8 strin\n-000443f0: 6773 2061 7320 636f 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 gs as comma-sepa\n-00044400: 7261 7465 640a 7661 6c75 6573 2028 4353 rated.values (CS\n-00044410: 5629 2e20 5365 6520 3c68 7474 7073 3a2f V). See for.m\n-00044450: 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 ore details... \n-00044460: 2054 6f20 6164 6420 6120 6461 7461 2073 To add a data s\n-00044470: 6563 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e ection containin\n-00044480: 6720 7468 6520 5342 4154 2069 6e66 6f72 g the SBAT infor\n-00044490: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 650a mation into the.\n-000444a0: 6269 6e61 7279 2c20 7468 6520 e280 982d binary, the ...-\n-000444b0: 2d73 6261 74e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 -sbat... option \n-000444c0: 6f66 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 of ...grub-mkima\n-000444d0: 6765 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7368 ge... command sh\n-000444e0: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7573 6564 2e0a 5468 ould be used..Th\n-000444f0: 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7420 6f66 2061 2043 e content of a C\n-00044500: 5356 2066 696c 652c 2065 6e63 6f64 6564 SV file, encoded\n-00044510: 2077 6974 6820 5554 462d 382c 2069 7320 with UTF-8, is \n-00044520: 636f 7069 6564 2061 7320 6973 2074 6f20 copied as is to \n-00044530: 7468 650a 2e73 6261 7420 6461 7461 2073 the..sbat data s\n-00044540: 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 ection into the \n-00044550: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 4546 4920 6269 generated EFI bi\n-00044560: 6e61 7279 2e20 2054 6865 2043 5356 2066 nary. The CSV f\n-00044570: 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 0a73 746f 7265 ile can be.store\n-00044580: 6420 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f 6e20 7468 d anywhere on th\n-00044590: 6520 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a e file system...\n-000445a0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 grub-mkimag\n-000445b0: 6520 2d4f 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6920 e -O x86_64-efi \n-000445c0: 2d6f 2067 7275 6278 3634 2e65 6669 202d -o grubx64.efi -\n-000445d0: 7020 2728 7466 7470 292f 6772 7562 2720 p '(tftp)/grub' \n-000445e0: 2d2d 7362 6174 2073 6261 742e 6373 7620 --sbat sbat.csv \n-000445f0: 6566 696e 6574 2074 6674 700a 0a1f 0a46 efinet tftp....F\n-00044600: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00044610: 204e 6f64 653a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 Node: Measured \n-00044620: 426f 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f63 Boot, Next: Loc\n-00044630: 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 kdown, Prev: Se\n-00044640: 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 cure Boot Advanc\n-00044650: 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 ed Targeting, U\n-00044660: 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e p: Security..19.\n-00044670: 3520 4d65 6173 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 5 Measuring boot\n-00044680: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 730a 3d3d 3d3d components.====\n+000442e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+000442f0: 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 Secure Boot Adva\n+00044300: 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2028 nced Targeting (\n+00044310: 5342 4154 2920 6973 2061 206d 6563 6861 SBAT) is a mecha\n+00044320: 6e69 736d 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 nism to allow th\n+00044330: 650a 7265 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 e.revocation of \n+00044340: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 components in th\n+00044350: 6520 626f 6f74 2070 6174 6820 6279 2075 e boot path by u\n+00044360: 7369 6e67 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 sing generation \n+00044370: 6e75 6d62 6572 730a 656d 6265 6464 6564 numbers.embedded\n+00044380: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 4546 4920 6269 into the EFI bi\n+00044390: 6e61 7269 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2053 4241 naries. The SBA\n+000443a0: 5420 6d65 7461 6461 7461 2069 7320 6c6f T metadata is lo\n+000443b0: 6361 7465 6420 696e 2061 6e0a 2e73 6261 cated in an..sba\n+000443c0: 7420 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2074 t data section t\n+000443d0: 6861 7420 6861 7320 7365 7420 6f66 2055 hat has set of U\n+000443e0: 5446 2d38 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 7320 TF-8 strings as \n+000443f0: 636f 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 640a comma-separated.\n+00044400: 7661 6c75 6573 2028 4353 5629 2e20 5365 values (CSV). Se\n+00044410: 6520 3c68 7474 7073 3a2f 2f67 6974 6875 e for.more de\n+00044450: 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6164 tails... To ad\n+00044460: 6420 6120 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e d a data section\n+00044470: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 containing the \n+00044480: 5342 4154 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e SBAT information\n+00044490: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 650a 6269 6e61 7279 into the.binary\n+000444a0: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6261 74e2 , the ...--sbat.\n+000444b0: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 .. option of ...\n+000444c0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 grub-mkimage... \n+000444d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 command should b\n+000444e0: 6520 7573 6564 2e0a 5468 6520 636f 6e74 e used..The cont\n+000444f0: 656e 7420 6f66 2061 2043 5356 2066 696c ent of a CSV fil\n+00044500: 652c 2065 6e63 6f64 6564 2077 6974 6820 e, encoded with \n+00044510: 5554 462d 382c 2069 7320 636f 7069 6564 UTF-8, is copied\n+00044520: 2061 7320 6973 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2e73 as is to the..s\n+00044530: 6261 7420 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e bat data section\n+00044540: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 into the genera\n+00044550: 7465 6420 4546 4920 6269 6e61 7279 2e20 ted EFI binary. \n+00044560: 2054 6865 2043 5356 2066 696c 6520 6361 The CSV file ca\n+00044570: 6e20 6265 0a73 746f 7265 6420 616e 7977 n be.stored anyw\n+00044580: 6865 7265 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 here on the file\n+00044590: 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 system... g\n+000445a0: 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 6520 2d4f 2078 rub-mkimage -O x\n+000445b0: 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6920 2d6f 2067 7275 86_64-efi -o gru\n+000445c0: 6278 3634 2e65 6669 202d 7020 2728 7466 bx64.efi -p '(tf\n+000445d0: 7470 292f 6772 7562 2720 2d2d 7362 6174 tp)/grub' --sbat\n+000445e0: 2073 6261 742e 6373 7620 6566 696e 6574 sbat.csv efinet\n+000445f0: 2074 6674 700a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tftp....File: g\n+00044600: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00044610: 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 Measured Boot, \n+00044620: 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c Next: Lockdown,\n+00044630: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 Prev: Secure B\n+00044640: 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 oot Advanced Tar\n+00044650: 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 geting, Up: Sec\n+00044660: 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3520 4d65 6173 urity..19.5 Meas\n+00044670: 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 706f uring boot compo\n+00044680: 6e65 6e74 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nents.==========\n 00044690: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000446a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 ==========..If t\n-000446b0: 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 he tpm module is\n-000446c0: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 loaded and the \n-000446d0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2068 6173 2061 2054 platform has a T\n-000446e0: 7275 7374 6564 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a rusted Platform.\n-000446f0: 4d6f 6475 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 Module installed\n-00044700: 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6c6f 6720 , GRUB will log \n-00044710: 6561 6368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2065 7865 each command exe\n-00044720: 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 6561 6368 2066 cuted and each f\n-00044730: 696c 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 ile.loaded into \n-00044740: 7468 6520 5450 4d20 6576 656e 7420 6c6f the TPM event lo\n-00044750: 6720 616e 6420 6578 7465 6e64 2074 6865 g and extend the\n-00044760: 2050 4352 2076 616c 7565 7320 696e 2074 PCR values in t\n-00044770: 6865 2054 504d 0a63 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e he TPM.correspon\n-00044780: 6469 6e67 6c79 2e20 2041 6c6c 2065 7665 dingly. All eve\n-00044790: 6e74 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 nts will be logg\n-000447a0: 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 5043 5220 ed into the PCR \n-000447b0: 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 6265 6c6f 770a described below.\n-000447c0: 7769 7468 2061 2074 7970 6520 6f66 2045 with a type of E\n-000447d0: 565f 4950 4c20 616e 6420 616e 2065 7665 V_IPL and an eve\n-000447e0: 6e74 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2061 nt description a\n-000447f0: 7320 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 6265 6c6f s described belo\n-00044800: 772e 0a0a 4576 656e 7420 7479 7065 2020 w...Event type \n-00044810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 4352 2020 PCR \n-00044820: 2020 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 0a2d Description.-\n+000446a0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2074 706d ====..If the tpm\n+000446b0: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 module is loade\n+000446c0: 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f d and the platfo\n+000446d0: 726d 2068 6173 2061 2054 7275 7374 6564 rm has a Trusted\n+000446e0: 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 4d6f 6475 6c65 Platform.Module\n+000446f0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2c20 4752 5542 installed, GRUB\n+00044700: 2077 696c 6c20 6c6f 6720 6561 6368 2063 will log each c\n+00044710: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 ommand executed \n+00044720: 616e 6420 6561 6368 2066 696c 650a 6c6f and each file.lo\n+00044730: 6164 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 5450 aded into the TP\n+00044740: 4d20 6576 656e 7420 6c6f 6720 616e 6420 M event log and \n+00044750: 6578 7465 6e64 2074 6865 2050 4352 2076 extend the PCR v\n+00044760: 616c 7565 7320 696e 2074 6865 2054 504d alues in the TPM\n+00044770: 0a63 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 6c79 .correspondingly\n+00044780: 2e20 2041 6c6c 2065 7665 6e74 7320 7769 . All events wi\n+00044790: 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2069 6e74 ll be logged int\n+000447a0: 6f20 7468 6520 5043 5220 6465 7363 7269 o the PCR descri\n+000447b0: 6265 6420 6265 6c6f 770a 7769 7468 2061 bed below.with a\n+000447c0: 2074 7970 6520 6f66 2045 565f 4950 4c20 type of EV_IPL \n+000447d0: 616e 6420 616e 2065 7665 6e74 2064 6573 and an event des\n+000447e0: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2061 7320 6465 7363 cription as desc\n+000447f0: 7269 6265 6420 6265 6c6f 772e 0a0a 4576 ribed below...Ev\n+00044800: 656e 7420 7479 7065 2020 2020 2020 2020 ent type \n+00044810: 2020 2020 2050 4352 2020 2020 2044 6573 PCR Des\n+00044820: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cription.-------\n 00044830: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00044840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00044850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00044860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00044870: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a43 6f6d 6d61 ----------.Comma\n-00044880: 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nd \n-00044890: 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 416c 6c20 6578 8 All ex\n-000448a0: 6563 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 ecuted commands \n-000448b0: 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 686f 7365 (including those\n-000448c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000448d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000448e0: 6672 6f6d 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 from configurati\n-000448f0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 on files) will b\n-00044900: 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e logged. \n+00044870: 2d2d 2d2d 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2020 2020 ----.Command \n+00044880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3820 2020 8 \n+00044890: 2020 2020 416c 6c20 6578 6563 7574 6564 All executed\n+000448a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 2869 6e63 6c75 commands (inclu\n+000448b0: 6469 6e67 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 ding those. \n+000448c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000448d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6672 6f6d 2063 from c\n+000448e0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+000448f0: 6573 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 es) will be logg\n+00044900: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed. \n 00044910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 6d65 6173 and meas\n-00044930: 7572 6564 2061 7320 656e 7465 7265 6420 ured as entered \n-00044940: 7769 7468 2061 2070 7265 6669 7820 6f66 with a prefix of\n-00044950: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00044960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044970: 2267 7275 625f 636d 643a 2022 0a4b 6572 \"grub_cmd: \".Ker\n-00044980: 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 nel command line\n-00044990: 2020 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 416e 7920 8 Any \n-000449a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2070 6173 command line pas\n-000449b0: 7365 6420 746f 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 sed to a kernel \n-000449c0: 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 will. \n-000449d0: 2020 2020 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corresponding \n-00044bf0: 746f 2074 6865 2066 696c 656e 616d 652e to the filename.\n-00044c00: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 206e .. 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As such it i\n-00044cc0: 7320 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 640a 7468 s recommended.th\n-00044cd0: 6174 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c at the tpm modul\n-00044ce0: 6520 6265 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 e be built into \n-00044cf0: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 ...core.img... i\n-00044d00: 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2061 766f 6964 n order to avoid\n-00044d10: 2061 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 616c 2067 6170 a.potential gap\n-00044d20: 2069 6e20 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e 7420 in measurement \n-00044d30: 6265 7477 6565 6e20 e280 9863 6f72 652e between ...core.\n-00044d40: 696d 67e2 8099 2062 6569 6e67 206c 6f61 img... being loa\n-00044d50: 6465 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7470 6d0a ded and the tpm.\n-00044d60: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2062 6569 6e67 206c 6f61 module being loa\n-00044d70: 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 204d 6561 7375 7265 ded... Measure\n-00044d80: 6420 626f 6f74 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e d boot is curren\n-00044d90: 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 706f 7274 tly only support\n-00044da0: 6564 206f 6e20 4546 4920 616e 6420 4942 ed on EFI and IB\n-00044db0: 4d20 4945 4545 3132 3735 0a50 6f77 6572 M IEEE1275.Power\n-00044dc0: 5043 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f PC platforms....\n-00044dd0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00044de0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 , Node: Lockdow\n-00044df0: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 n, Prev: Measur\n-00044e00: 6564 2042 6f6f 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5365 ed Boot, Up: Se\n-00044e10: 6375 7269 7479 0a0a 3139 2e36 204c 6f63 curity..19.6 Loc\n-00044e20: 6b64 6f77 6e20 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 kdown when booti\n-00044e30: 6e67 206f 6e20 6120 7365 6375 7265 2073 ng on a secure s\n-00044e40: 6574 7570 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d etup.===========\n+00044b30: 2020 2022 0a46 696c 6573 2020 2020 2020 \".Files \n+00044b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3920 2020 9 \n+00044b50: 2020 2020 416e 7920 6669 6c65 2072 6561 Any file rea\n+00044b60: 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2062 d by GRUB will b\n+00044b70: 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 e logged and. \n+00044b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6173 meas\n+00044ba0: 7572 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 6465 7363 ured with a desc\n+00044bb0: 7269 7074 6976 6520 7465 7874 0a20 2020 riptive text. \n+00044bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 7272 corr\n+00044be0: 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 esponding to the\n+00044bf0: 2066 696c 656e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 filename... G\n+00044c00: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 206d 6561 RUB will not mea\n+00044c10: 7375 7265 2069 7473 206f 776e 20e2 8098 sure its own ...\n+00044c20: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 2d20 6974 core.img... - it\n+00044c30: 2069 7320 6578 7065 6374 6564 2074 6861 is expected tha\n+00044c40: 740a 6669 726d 7761 7265 2077 696c 6c20 t.firmware will \n+00044c50: 6361 7272 7920 7468 6973 206f 7574 2e20 carry this out. \n+00044c60: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2061 6c73 6f20 GRUB will also \n+00044c70: 6e6f 7420 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 616e 790a not perform any.\n+00044c80: 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 2075 6e74 measurements unt\n+00044c90: 696c 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c il the tpm modul\n+00044ca0: 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 4173 e is loaded. 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On a l\n-00044ef0: 6f63 6b65 6420 646f 776e 0a63 6f6e 6669 ocked down.confi\n-00044f00: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 7468 6520 4752 guration, the GR\n-00044f10: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2072 6573 7472 UB will be restr\n-00044f20: 6963 7465 6420 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f icted and some o\n-00044f30: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732f 636f 6d6d 616e perations/comman\n-00044f40: 6473 0a63 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 2065 7865 ds.cannot be exe\n-00044f50: 6375 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 cuted... The .\n-00044f60: 8098 6c6f 636b 646f 776e e280 9920 7661 ..lockdown... va\n-00044f70: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f riable is set to\n-00044f80: 20e2 8098 79e2 8099 2077 6865 6e20 7468 ...y... when th\n-00044f90: 6520 4752 5542 2069 7320 6c6f 636b 6564 e GRUB is locked\n-00044fa0: 2064 6f77 6e2e 0a4f 7468 6572 7769 7365 down..Otherwise\n-00044fb0: 2069 7420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2065 7869 it does not exi\n-00044fc0: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n-00044fd0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c .info, Node: Pl\n-00044fe0: 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f atform limitatio\n-00044ff0: 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2050 6c61 7466 ns, Next: Platf\n-00045000: 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 orm-specific ope\n-00045010: 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 rations, Prev: \n-00045020: 5365 6375 7269 7479 2c20 2055 703a 2054 Security, Up: T\n-00045030: 6f70 0a0a 3230 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 op..20 Platform \n-00045040: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 730a 2a2a 2a2a limitations.****\n-00045050: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00045060: 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4232 2069 7320 6465 ***..GRUB2 is de\n-00045070: 7369 676e 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2070 6f72 signed to be por\n-00045080: 7461 626c 6520 616e 6420 6973 2061 6374 table and is act\n-00045090: 7561 6c6c 7920 706f 7274 6564 2061 6372 ually ported acr\n-000450a0: 6f73 730a 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 2020 oss.platforms. \n-000450b0: 5765 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6b65 6570 2061 We try to keep a\n-000450c0: 6c6c 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 7420 ll platforms at \n-000450d0: 7468 6520 6c65 7665 6c2e 2020 556e 666f the level. 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In some ca\n-000451b0: 7365 732c 206c 6172 6765 7220 6469 736b ses, larger disk\n-000451c0: 2073 697a 6573 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 sizes can be us\n-000451d0: 6564 2c20 6275 7420 6163 6365 7373 2077 ed, but access w\n-000451e0: 696c 6c0a 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 6c6c 6f77 ill.not be allow\n-000451f0: 6564 2062 6579 6f6e 6420 3120 4569 422e ed beyond 1 EiB.\n-00045200: 0a0a 2020 204c 554b 5332 2064 6576 6963 .. LUKS2 devic\n-00045210: 6573 2077 6974 6820 7369 7a65 206c 6172 es with size lar\n-00045220: 6765 7220 7468 616e 2031 3620 4569 4220 ger than 16 EiB \n-00045230: 6172 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6e6f are currently no\n-00045240: 740a 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 2020 5468 t.supported. Th\n-00045250: 6579 2063 616e 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6372 ey can not be cr\n-00045260: 6561 7465 6420 6173 2063 7279 7074 6f20 eated as crypto \n-00045270: 6465 7669 6365 7320 6279 2063 7279 7074 devices by crypt\n-00045280: 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 736f 0a63 616e 206e omount, so.can n\n-00045290: 6f74 2065 7665 6e20 6265 2070 6172 7469 ot even be parti\n-000452a0: 616c 6c79 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2e20 ally read from. \n-000452b0: 204c 554b 5320 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6c69 LUKS have no li\n-000452c0: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6f74 6865 720a mitations other.\n-000452d0: 7468 616e 2074 686f 7365 2069 6d70 6f73 than those impos\n-000452e0: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 666f 726d 6174 ed by the format\n-000452f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4152 4320 706c 6174 666f ... ARC platfo\n-00045300: 726d 2069 7320 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 rm is unable to \n-00045310: 6368 616e 6765 2064 6174 6574 696d 6520 change datetime \n-00045320: 2866 6972 6d77 6172 6520 646f 6573 6e27 (firmware doesn'\n-00045330: 7420 7365 656d 2074 6f0a 7072 6f76 6964 t seem to.provid\n-00045340: 6520 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 e a function for\n-00045350: 2069 7429 2e20 2045 4d55 2068 6173 2073 it). EMU has s\n-00045360: 696d 696c 6172 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f imilar limitatio\n-00045370: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 454d 5520 706c n... On EMU pl\n-00045380: 6174 666f 726d 206e 6f20 7365 7269 616c atform no serial\n-00045390: 2070 6f72 7420 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 port is availab\n-000453a0: 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 6e73 6f6c 6520 le... Console \n-000453b0: 6368 6172 7365 7420 7265 6665 7273 206f charset refers o\n-000453c0: 6e6c 7920 746f 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652d nly to firmware-\n-000453d0: 6173 7369 7374 6564 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 assisted console\n-000453e0: 2e20 2067 6678 7465 726d 2069 730a 616c . gfxterm is.al\n-000453f0: 7761 7973 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2028 7365 ways Unicode (se\n-00045400: 6520 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 e Internationali\n-00045410: 7361 7469 6f6e 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2066 sation section f\n-00045420: 6f72 2069 7473 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f or its limitatio\n-00045430: 6e73 292e 0a53 6572 6961 6c20 6973 2063 ns)..Serial is c\n-00045440: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 746f 2055 onfigurable to U\n-00045450: 5446 2d38 206f 7220 4153 4349 4920 2873 TF-8 or ASCII (s\n-00045460: 6565 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c ee International\n-00045470: 6973 6174 696f 6e29 2e20 2049 6e0a 6361 isation). In.ca\n-00045480: 7365 206f 6620 7165 6d75 2061 6e64 2063 se of qemu and c\n-00045490: 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 706f 7274 7320 7468 oreboot ports th\n-000454a0: 6520 7265 6665 7265 6420 636f 6e73 6f6c e refered consol\n-000454b0: 6520 6973 2076 6761 5f74 6578 742e 0a4c e is vga_text..L\n-000454c0: 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 616c 7761 7973 2075 oongson always u\n-000454d0: 7365 7320 6766 7874 6572 6d2e 0a0a 2020 ses gfxterm... \n-000454e0: 204d 6f73 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6f6e Most limited on\n-000454f0: 6520 6973 2041 5343 4949 2e20 4350 3433 e is ASCII. CP43\n-00045500: 3720 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 6464 6974 7 provides addit\n-00045510: 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 7073 6575 646f 6772 ionally.pseudogr\n-00045520: 6170 6869 6373 2e20 2047 5255 4232 2064 aphics. GRUB2 d\n-00045530: 6f65 736e 2774 2075 7365 2061 6e79 206c oesn't use any l\n-00045540: 616e 6775 6167 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 anguage characte\n-00045550: 7273 2066 726f 6d20 4350 3433 3720 6173 rs from CP437 as\n-00045560: 0a6f 6674 656e 2043 5034 3337 2069 7320 .often CP437 is \n-00045570: 7265 706c 6163 6564 2062 7920 6e61 7469 replaced by nati\n-00045580: 6f6e 616c 2065 6e63 6f64 696e 6720 636f onal encoding co\n-00045590: 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 206f 6e6c 7920 696e mpatible only in\n-000455a0: 0a70 7365 7564 6f67 7261 7068 6963 732e .pseudographics.\n-000455b0: 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 6973 2074 6865 Unicode is the\n-000455c0: 206d 6f73 7420 7665 7273 6174 696c 6520 most versatile \n-000455d0: 6368 6172 7365 7420 7768 6963 6820 7375 charset which su\n-000455e0: 7070 6f72 7473 0a6d 616e 7920 6c61 6e67 pports.many lang\n-000455f0: 7561 6765 732e 2020 486f 7765 7665 7220 uages. However \n-00045600: 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c 2063 6f6e 736f the actual conso\n-00045610: 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 6d75 6368 206d le may be much m\n-00045620: 6f72 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 640a 6465 7065 ore limited.depe\n-00045630: 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2066 6972 6d77 6172 nding on firmwar\n-00045640: 650a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2042 494f 532c 206e e.. On BIOS, n\n-00045650: 6574 776f 726b 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 etwork is suppor\n-00045660: 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 7468 6520 ted only if the \n-00045670: 696d 6167 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 6420 image is loaded \n-00045680: 7468 726f 7567 680a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2e through.network.\n-00045690: 2020 4f6e 2073 7061 7263 3634 2c20 4752 On sparc64, GR\n-000456a0: 5542 2069 7320 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 UB is unable to \n-000456b0: 6465 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 determine which \n-000456c0: 7365 7276 6572 2069 7420 7761 730a 626f server it was.bo\n-000456d0: 6f74 6564 2066 726f 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2044 oted from... D\n-000456e0: 6972 6563 7420 4154 412f 4148 4349 2073 irect ATA/AHCI s\n-000456f0: 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 746f upport allows to\n-00045700: 2063 6972 6375 6d76 656e 7420 7661 7269 circumvent vari\n-00045710: 6f75 7320 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a6c 696d ous firmware.lim\n-00045720: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2062 7574 2069 736e itations but isn\n-00045730: 2774 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f 7220 6e6f 't needed for no\n-00045740: 726d 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2065 rmal operation e\n-00045750: 7863 6570 7420 6f6e 2062 6172 656d 6574 xcept on baremet\n-00045760: 616c 0a70 6f72 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4154 al.ports... AT\n-00045770: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 keyboard suppor\n-00045780: 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 206b 6579 626f 6172 t allows keyboar\n-00045790: 6420 6c61 796f 7574 2072 656d 6170 7069 d layout remappi\n-000457a0: 6e67 2061 6e64 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 ng and support f\n-000457b0: 6f72 0a6b 6579 7320 6e6f 7420 6176 6169 or.keys not avai\n-000457c0: 6c61 626c 6520 7468 726f 7567 6820 6669 lable through fi\n-000457d0: 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2049 7420 6973 6e27 rmware. It isn'\n-000457e0: 7420 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 206e 6f72 t needed for nor\n-000457f0: 6d61 6c0a 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6578 mal.operation ex\n-00045800: 6365 7074 2062 6172 656d 6574 616c 2070 cept baremetal p\n-00045810: 6f72 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 5370 6561 6b65 orts... Speake\n-00045820: 7220 616c 6c6f 7773 206d 6f72 7365 2061 r allows morse a\n-00045830: 6e64 2073 706b 6d6f 6465 6d20 636f 6d6d nd spkmodem comm\n-00045840: 756e 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2055 unication... U\n-00045850: 5342 2073 7570 706f 7274 2070 726f 7669 SB support provi\n-00045860: 6465 7320 6265 6e65 6669 7473 2073 696d des benefits sim\n-00045870: 696c 6172 2074 6f20 4154 4120 2866 6f72 ilar to ATA (for\n-00045880: 2055 5342 2064 6973 6b73 2920 6f72 2041 USB disks) or A\n-00045890: 540a 2866 6f72 2055 5342 206b 6579 626f T.(for USB keybo\n-000458a0: 6172 6473 292e 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 ards). In addit\n-000458b0: 696f 6e20 6974 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 5553 ion it allows US\n-000458c0: 4273 6572 6961 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2043 6861 Bserial... Cha\n-000458d0: 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7265 6665 7273 inloading refers\n-000458e0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 to the ability \n-000458f0: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 to load another \n-00045900: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6872 6f75 bootloader throu\n-00045910: 6768 0a74 6865 2073 616d 6520 7072 6f74 gh.the same prot\n-00045920: 6f63 6f6c 0a0a 2020 2048 696e 7473 2061 ocol.. Hints a\n-00045930: 6c6c 6f77 2066 6173 7465 7220 6469 736b llow faster disk\n-00045940: 2064 6973 636f 7665 7279 2062 7920 616c discovery by al\n-00045950: 7265 6164 7920 6b6e 6f77 696e 6720 696e ready knowing in\n-00045960: 2061 6476 616e 6365 2077 6869 6368 0a69 advance which.i\n-00045970: 7320 7468 6520 6469 736b 2069 6e20 7175 s the disk in qu\n-00045980: 6573 7469 6f6e 2e20 204f 6e20 736f 6d65 estion. On some\n-00045990: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 696e 7473 platforms hints\n-000459a0: 2061 7265 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2075 6e6c are correct unl\n-000459b0: 6573 7320 796f 750a 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 ess you.move the\n-000459c0: 2064 6973 6b20 6265 7477 6565 6e20 626f disk between bo\n-000459d0: 6f74 732e 2020 4f6e 206f 7468 6572 2070 ots. On other p\n-000459e0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 7427 7320 6a75 latforms it's ju\n-000459f0: 7374 2061 6e20 6564 7563 6174 6564 0a67 st an educated.g\n-00045a00: 7565 7373 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 uess. Note that\n-00045a10: 2068 696e 7420 6661 696c 7572 6520 7265 hint failure re\n-00045a20: 7375 6c74 7320 696e 206a 7573 7420 7265 sults in just re\n-00045a30: 6475 6365 6420 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 duced performanc\n-00045a40: 652c 206e 6f74 0a61 2066 6169 6c75 7265 e, not.a failure\n-00045a50: 0a0a 2020 2042 6164 5241 4d20 6973 2074 .. BadRAM is t\n-00045a60: 6865 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6d61 he ability to ma\n-00045a70: 726b 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2052 rk some of the R\n-00045a80: 414d 2061 7320 2262 6164 222e 2020 4e6f AM as \"bad\". No\n-00045a90: 7465 3a20 6475 6520 746f 0a70 726f 746f te: due to.proto\n-00045aa0: 636f 6c20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 col limitations \n-00045ab0: 6d69 7073 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 2877 mips-loongson (w\n-00045ac0: 6974 6820 4c69 6e75 7820 7072 6f74 6f63 ith Linux protoc\n-00045ad0: 6f6c 2920 616e 640a 6d69 7073 2d71 656d ol) and.mips-qem\n-00045ae0: 755f 6d69 7073 2063 616e 2075 7365 206f u_mips can use o\n-00045af0: 6e6c 7920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2075 7020 746f nly memory up to\n-00045b00: 2066 6972 7374 2068 6f6c 652e 0a0a 2020 first hole... \n-00045b10: 2042 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6973 Bootlocation is\n-00045b20: 2061 6269 6c69 7479 206f 6620 4752 5542 ability of GRUB\n-00045b30: 2074 6f20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c to automaticall\n-00045b40: 7920 6465 7465 6374 2077 6865 7265 2069 y detect where i\n-00045b50: 740a 626f 6f74 7320 6672 6f6d 2e20 2022 t.boots from. \"\n-00045b60: 6469 736b 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 disk\" means the \n-00045b70: 6465 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6973 206c 696d detection is lim\n-00045b80: 6974 6564 2074 6f20 6465 7465 6374 696e ited to detectin\n-00045b90: 6720 7468 6520 6469 736b 0a77 6974 6820 g the disk.with \n-00045ba0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6265 696e 6720 partition being \n-00045bb0: 6469 7363 6f76 6572 6564 206f 6e20 696e discovered on in\n-00045bc0: 7374 616c 6c20 7469 6d65 2e20 2022 7061 stall time. \"pa\n-00045bd0: 7274 6974 696f 6e22 206d 6561 6e73 2074 rtition\" means t\n-00045be0: 6861 740a 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2070 6172 hat.disk and par\n-00045bf0: 7469 746f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2061 7574 titon can be aut\n-00045c00: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6973 636f omatically disco\n-00045c10: 7665 7265 642e 2020 2266 696c 6522 206d vered. \"file\" m\n-00045c20: 6561 6e73 2074 6861 740a 626f 6f74 2069 eans that.boot i\n-00045c30: 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 mage file name a\n-00045c40: 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 6469 736b 2061 s well as disk a\n-00045c50: 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 616e nd partition can\n-00045c60: 2062 6520 6469 7363 6f76 6572 6564 2e0a be discovered..\n-00045c70: 466f 7220 636f 6e73 6973 7465 6e63 792c For consistency,\n-00045c80: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c default install\n-00045c90: 2069 676e 6f72 6573 2070 6172 7469 7469 ignores partiti\n-00045ca0: 6f6e 2061 6e64 2072 656c 6965 7320 736f on and relies so\n-00045cb0: 6c65 6c79 206f 6e0a 6469 736b 2064 6574 lely on.disk det\n-00045cc0: 6563 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2062 ection. If no b\n-00045cd0: 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6469 7363 ootlocation disc\n-00045ce0: 6f76 6572 7920 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 overy is availab\n-00045cf0: 6c65 206f 7220 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 0a67 le or boot and.g\n-00045d00: 7275 622d 726f 6f74 2064 6973 6b73 2061 rub-root disks a\n-00045d10: 7265 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2c20 5555 re different, UU\n-00045d20: 4944 2069 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e73 7465 ID is used inste\n-00045d30: 6164 2e20 204f 6e20 4152 4320 6966 206e ad. On ARC if n\n-00045d40: 6f0a 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 696e 7374 o.device to inst\n-00045d50: 616c 6c20 746f 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 all to is specif\n-00045d60: 6965 642c 2055 5549 4420 6973 2075 7365 ied, UUID is use\n-00045d70: 6420 696e 7374 6561 6420 6173 2077 656c d instead as wel\n-00045d80: 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l... \n-00045d90: 2020 2042 494f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 BIOS \n-00045da0: 2020 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 Coreboot \n-00045db0: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot \n-00045dc0: 5165 6d75 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 Qemu.video \n-00045dd0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045de0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045df0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045e00: 2079 6573 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 yes.console \n-00045e10: 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n-00045e20: 2020 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n-00045e30: 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n-00045e40: 2043 5034 3337 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e CP437.charset.n\n-00045e50: 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 etwork ye\n-00045e60: 7320 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s (*) no \n-00045e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00045e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 no.AT\n-00045e90: 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 A/AHCI yes\n-00045ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00045eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00045ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4154 yes.AT\n-00045ed0: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 keyboard yes\n-00045ee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00045ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00045f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 5370 yes.Sp\n-00045f10: 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 eaker yes\n-00045f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00045f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00045f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 5553 yes.US\n-00045f50: 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 B yes\n-00045f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00045f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00045f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6368 yes.ch\n-00045f90: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 206c 6f63 ainloader loc\n-00045fa0: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 al yes \n-00045fb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00045fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 7075 no.cpu\n-00045fd0: 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 id part\n-00045fe0: 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 ial parti\n-00045ff0: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 al partia\n-00046000: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c l partial\n-00046010: 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .rdmsr \n-00046020: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n-00046030: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 artial pa\n-00046040: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 rtial par\n-00046050: 7469 616c 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 tial.wrmsr \n-00046060: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n-00046070: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00046080: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00046090: 2070 6172 7469 616c 0a68 696e 7473 2020 partial.hints \n-000460a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 guess \n-000460b0: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 guess \n-000460c0: 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 guess \n-000460d0: 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 0a50 4349 2020 guess.PCI \n-000460e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-000460f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00046100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00046110: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a62 6164 7261 yes.badra\n-00046120: 6d20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 m yes \n-00046130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00046140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00046150: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6f6d 7072 yes.compr\n-00046160: 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 616c 7761 7973 ession always\n-00046170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6f69 6e74 6c65 pointle\n-00046180: 7373 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 ss no \n-00046190: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 no.exit \n-000461a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-000461b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000461c0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000461d0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 no.bootloc\n-000461e0: 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6469 736b 2020 2020 ation disk \n-000461f0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046200: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046210: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 no.. \n-00046220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6961 3332 2045 4649 ia32 EFI\n-00046230: 2020 2020 2020 2061 6d64 3634 2045 4649 amd64 EFI\n-00046240: 2020 2020 2020 6961 3332 2020 2020 2020 ia32 \n-00046250: 2020 2020 2049 7461 6e69 756d 0a20 2020 Itanium. \n+00044e60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n+00044e70: 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6f63 GRUB can be loc\n+00044e80: 6b65 6420 646f 776e 2077 6865 6e20 626f ked down when bo\n+00044e90: 6f74 6564 206f 6e20 6120 7365 6375 7265 oted on a secure\n+00044ea0: 2062 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e boot environmen\n+00044eb0: 742c 0a66 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 t,.for example i\n+00044ec0: 6620 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 f the UEFI secur\n+00044ed0: 6520 626f 6f74 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 e boot is enable\n+00044ee0: 642e 2020 4f6e 2061 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 d. On a locked \n+00044ef0: 646f 776e 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 down.configurati\n+00044f00: 6f6e 2c20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c on, the GRUB wil\n+00044f10: 6c20 6265 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 l be restricted \n+00044f20: 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 and some operati\n+00044f30: 6f6e 732f 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a63 616e ons/commands.can\n+00044f40: 6e6f 7420 6265 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e not be executed.\n+00044f50: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6c6f 636b .. The ...lock\n+00044f60: 646f 776e e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 down... variable\n+00044f70: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 79e2 is set to ...y.\n+00044f80: 8099 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 .. when the GRUB\n+00044f90: 2069 7320 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 6f77 6e2e is locked down.\n+00044fa0: 0a4f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2069 7420 646f .Otherwise it do\n+00044fb0: 6573 206e 6f74 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 1f0a es not exit.....\n+00044fc0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00044fd0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d Node: Platform\n+00044fe0: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 204e limitations, N\n+00044ff0: 6578 743a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 ext: Platform-sp\n+00045000: 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e ecific operation\n+00045010: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 6375 7269 s, Prev: Securi\n+00045020: 7479 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3230 ty, Up: Top..20\n+00045030: 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 Platform limita\n+00045040: 7469 6f6e 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a tions.**********\n+00045050: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 *************..G\n+00045060: 5255 4232 2069 7320 6465 7369 676e 6564 RUB2 is designed\n+00045070: 2074 6f20 6265 2070 6f72 7461 626c 6520 to be portable \n+00045080: 616e 6420 6973 2061 6374 7561 6c6c 7920 and is actually \n+00045090: 706f 7274 6564 2061 6372 6f73 730a 706c ported across.pl\n+000450a0: 6174 666f 726d 732e 2020 5765 2074 7279 atforms. We try\n+000450b0: 2074 6f20 6b65 6570 2061 6c6c 2070 6c61 to keep all pla\n+000450c0: 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 7420 7468 6520 6c65 tforms at the le\n+000450d0: 7665 6c2e 2020 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 vel. Unfortunat\n+000450e0: 656c 790a 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 ely.some platfor\n+000450f0: 6d73 2061 7265 2062 6574 7465 7220 7375 ms are better su\n+00045100: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7468 616e 206f 7468 pported than oth\n+00045110: 6572 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6465 ers. This is de\n+00045120: 7461 696c 6564 2069 6e0a 6375 7272 656e tailed in.curren\n+00045130: 7420 616e 6420 3220 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e t and 2 followin\n+00045140: 6720 7365 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 g sections... \n+00045150: 416c 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6861 All platforms ha\n+00045160: 7665 2061 6e20 6172 7469 6669 6369 616c ve an artificial\n+00045170: 6c79 2047 5255 4220 696d 706f 7365 6420 ly GRUB imposed \n+00045180: 6469 736b 2073 697a 6520 7265 7374 7269 disk size restri\n+00045190: 6374 696f 6e0a 6f66 2031 2045 6942 2e20 ction.of 1 EiB. \n+000451a0: 496e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 732c 206c In some cases, l\n+000451b0: 6172 6765 7220 6469 736b 2073 697a 6573 arger disk sizes\n+000451c0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2c20 6275 can be used, bu\n+000451d0: 7420 6163 6365 7373 2077 696c 6c0a 6e6f t access will.no\n+000451e0: 7420 6265 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 6579 t be allowed bey\n+000451f0: 6f6e 6420 3120 4569 422e 0a0a 2020 204c ond 1 EiB... L\n+00045200: 554b 5332 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 6974 UKS2 devices wit\n+00045210: 6820 7369 7a65 206c 6172 6765 7220 7468 h size larger th\n+00045220: 616e 2031 3620 4569 4220 6172 6520 6375 an 16 EiB are cu\n+00045230: 7272 656e 746c 7920 6e6f 740a 7375 7070 rrently not.supp\n+00045240: 6f72 7465 642e 2020 5468 6579 2063 616e orted. They can\n+00045250: 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6372 6561 7465 6420 not be created \n+00045260: 6173 2063 7279 7074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 as crypto device\n+00045270: 7320 6279 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 s by cryptomount\n+00045280: 2c20 736f 0a63 616e 206e 6f74 2065 7665 , so.can not eve\n+00045290: 6e20 6265 2070 6172 7469 616c 6c79 2072 n be partially r\n+000452a0: 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2e20 204c 554b 5320 ead from. LUKS \n+000452b0: 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 have no limitati\n+000452c0: 6f6e 7320 6f74 6865 720a 7468 616e 2074 ons other.than t\n+000452d0: 686f 7365 2069 6d70 6f73 6564 2062 7920 hose imposed by \n+000452e0: 7468 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 0a20 2020 the format... \n+000452f0: 4152 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2069 7320 ARC platform is \n+00045300: 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6368 616e 6765 unable to change\n+00045310: 2064 6174 6574 696d 6520 2866 6972 6d77 datetime (firmw\n+00045320: 6172 6520 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7365 656d are doesn't seem\n+00045330: 2074 6f0a 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6120 6675 to.provide a fu\n+00045340: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2069 7429 2e20 nction for it). \n+00045350: 2045 4d55 2068 6173 2073 696d 696c 6172 EMU has similar\n+00045360: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 limitation... \n+00045370: 204f 6e20 454d 5520 706c 6174 666f 726d On EMU platform\n+00045380: 206e 6f20 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 no serial port \n+00045390: 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 is available... \n+000453a0: 2020 436f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6368 6172 7365 Console charse\n+000453b0: 7420 7265 6665 7273 206f 6e6c 7920 746f t refers only to\n+000453c0: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652d 6173 7369 7374 firmware-assist\n+000453d0: 6564 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2e20 2067 6678 ed console. gfx\n+000453e0: 7465 726d 2069 730a 616c 7761 7973 2055 term is.always U\n+000453f0: 6e69 636f 6465 2028 7365 6520 496e 7465 nicode (see Inte\n+00045400: 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e rnationalisation\n+00045410: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2069 7473 section for its\n+00045420: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 292e 0a53 limitations)..S\n+00045430: 6572 6961 6c20 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 erial is configu\n+00045440: 7261 626c 6520 746f 2055 5446 2d38 206f rable to UTF-8 o\n+00045450: 7220 4153 4349 4920 2873 6565 2049 6e74 r ASCII (see Int\n+00045460: 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f ernationalisatio\n+00045470: 6e29 2e20 2049 6e0a 6361 7365 206f 6620 n). In.case of \n+00045480: 7165 6d75 2061 6e64 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f qemu and coreboo\n+00045490: 7420 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 7265 6665 t ports the refe\n+000454a0: 7265 6420 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6973 2076 red console is v\n+000454b0: 6761 5f74 6578 742e 0a4c 6f6f 6e67 736f ga_text..Loongso\n+000454c0: 6e20 616c 7761 7973 2075 7365 7320 6766 n always uses gf\n+000454d0: 7874 6572 6d2e 0a0a 2020 204d 6f73 7420 xterm... Most \n+000454e0: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6f6e 6520 6973 2041 limited one is A\n+000454f0: 5343 4949 2e20 4350 3433 3720 7072 6f76 SCII. CP437 prov\n+00045500: 6964 6573 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c ides additionall\n+00045510: 790a 7073 6575 646f 6772 6170 6869 6373 y.pseudographics\n+00045520: 2e20 2047 5255 4232 2064 6f65 736e 2774 . GRUB2 doesn't\n+00045530: 2075 7365 2061 6e79 206c 616e 6775 6167 use any languag\n+00045540: 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2066 726f e characters fro\n+00045550: 6d20 4350 3433 3720 6173 0a6f 6674 656e m CP437 as.often\n+00045560: 2043 5034 3337 2069 7320 7265 706c 6163 CP437 is replac\n+00045570: 6564 2062 7920 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 2065 ed by national e\n+00045580: 6e63 6f64 696e 6720 636f 6d70 6174 6962 ncoding compatib\n+00045590: 6c65 206f 6e6c 7920 696e 0a70 7365 7564 le only in.pseud\n+000455a0: 6f67 7261 7068 6963 732e 2020 556e 6963 ographics. Unic\n+000455b0: 6f64 6520 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 ode is the most \n+000455c0: 7665 7273 6174 696c 6520 6368 6172 7365 versatile charse\n+000455d0: 7420 7768 6963 6820 7375 7070 6f72 7473 t which supports\n+000455e0: 0a6d 616e 7920 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 732e .many languages.\n+000455f0: 2020 486f 7765 7665 7220 7468 6520 6163 However the ac\n+00045600: 7475 616c 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206d 6179 tual console may\n+00045610: 2062 6520 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 6c69 be much more li\n+00045620: 6d69 7465 640a 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 mited.depending \n+00045630: 6f6e 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 0a20 2020 on firmware.. \n+00045640: 4f6e 2042 494f 532c 206e 6574 776f 726b On BIOS, network\n+00045650: 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e is supported on\n+00045660: 6c79 2069 6620 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 ly if the image \n+00045670: 6973 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7468 726f 7567 is loaded throug\n+00045680: 680a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2e 2020 4f6e 2073 h.network. On s\n+00045690: 7061 7263 3634 2c20 4752 5542 2069 7320 parc64, GRUB is \n+000456a0: 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6465 7465 726d unable to determ\n+000456b0: 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 7365 7276 6572 ine which server\n+000456c0: 2069 7420 7761 730a 626f 6f74 6564 2066 it was.booted f\n+000456d0: 726f 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2044 6972 6563 7420 rom... Direct \n+000456e0: 4154 412f 4148 4349 2073 7570 706f 7274 ATA/AHCI support\n+000456f0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 746f 2063 6972 6375 allows to circu\n+00045700: 6d76 656e 7420 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6669 mvent various fi\n+00045710: 726d 7761 7265 0a6c 696d 6974 6174 696f rmware.limitatio\n+00045720: 6e73 2062 7574 2069 736e 2774 206e 6565 ns but isn't nee\n+00045730: 6465 6420 666f 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206f ded for normal o\n+00045740: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7420 peration except \n+00045750: 6f6e 2062 6172 656d 6574 616c 0a70 6f72 on baremetal.por\n+00045760: 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4154 206b 6579 626f ts... AT keybo\n+00045770: 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c6f ard support allo\n+00045780: 7773 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6c61 796f ws keyboard layo\n+00045790: 7574 2072 656d 6170 7069 6e67 2061 6e64 ut remapping and\n+000457a0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 0a6b 6579 support for.key\n+000457b0: 7320 6e6f 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 s not available \n+000457c0: 7468 726f 7567 6820 6669 726d 7761 7265 through firmware\n+000457d0: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 . It isn't need\n+000457e0: 6564 2066 6f72 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 6f70 ed for normal.op\n+000457f0: 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 2062 eration except b\n+00045800: 6172 656d 6574 616c 2070 6f72 7473 2e0a aremetal ports..\n+00045810: 0a20 2020 5370 6561 6b65 7220 616c 6c6f . Speaker allo\n+00045820: 7773 206d 6f72 7365 2061 6e64 2073 706b ws morse and spk\n+00045830: 6d6f 6465 6d20 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 modem communicat\n+00045840: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2055 5342 2073 7570 ion... USB sup\n+00045850: 706f 7274 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6265 port provides be\n+00045860: 6e65 6669 7473 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 nefits similar t\n+00045870: 6f20 4154 4120 2866 6f72 2055 5342 2064 o ATA (for USB d\n+00045880: 6973 6b73 2920 6f72 2041 540a 2866 6f72 isks) or AT.(for\n+00045890: 2055 5342 206b 6579 626f 6172 6473 292e USB keyboards).\n+000458a0: 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 6974 In addition it\n+000458b0: 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 5553 4273 6572 6961 allows USBseria\n+000458c0: 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2043 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 l... Chainload\n+000458d0: 696e 6720 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 7468 ing refers to th\n+000458e0: 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 206c 6f61 e ability to loa\n+000458f0: 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 6c6f d another bootlo\n+00045900: 6164 6572 2074 6872 6f75 6768 0a74 6865 ader through.the\n+00045910: 2073 616d 6520 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 0a0a same protocol..\n+00045920: 2020 2048 696e 7473 2061 6c6c 6f77 2066 Hints allow f\n+00045930: 6173 7465 7220 6469 736b 2064 6973 636f aster disk disco\n+00045940: 7665 7279 2062 7920 616c 7265 6164 7920 very by already \n+00045950: 6b6e 6f77 696e 6720 696e 2061 6476 616e knowing in advan\n+00045960: 6365 2077 6869 6368 0a69 7320 7468 6520 ce which.is the \n+00045970: 6469 736b 2069 6e20 7175 6573 7469 6f6e disk in question\n+00045980: 2e20 204f 6e20 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 . On some platf\n+00045990: 6f72 6d73 2068 696e 7473 2061 7265 2063 orms hints are c\n+000459a0: 6f72 7265 6374 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 796f orrect unless yo\n+000459b0: 750a 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 u.move the disk \n+000459c0: 6265 7477 6565 6e20 626f 6f74 732e 2020 between boots. \n+000459d0: 4f6e 206f 7468 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 On other platfor\n+000459e0: 6d73 2069 7427 7320 6a75 7374 2061 6e20 ms it's just an \n+000459f0: 6564 7563 6174 6564 0a67 7565 7373 2e20 educated.guess. \n+00045a00: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2068 696e 7420 Note that hint \n+00045a10: 6661 696c 7572 6520 7265 7375 6c74 7320 failure results \n+00045a20: 696e 206a 7573 7420 7265 6475 6365 6420 in just reduced \n+00045a30: 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 652c 206e 6f74 performance, not\n+00045a40: 0a61 2066 6169 6c75 7265 0a0a 2020 2042 .a failure.. B\n+00045a50: 6164 5241 4d20 6973 2074 6865 2061 6269 adRAM is the abi\n+00045a60: 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6d61 726b 2073 6f6d lity to mark som\n+00045a70: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2052 414d 2061 7320 e of the RAM as \n+00045a80: 2262 6164 222e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 6475 \"bad\". Note: du\n+00045a90: 6520 746f 0a70 726f 746f 636f 6c20 6c69 e to.protocol li\n+00045aa0: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6d69 7073 2d6c mitations mips-l\n+00045ab0: 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 2877 6974 6820 4c69 oongson (with Li\n+00045ac0: 6e75 7820 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 616e nux protocol) an\n+00045ad0: 640a 6d69 7073 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 d.mips-qemu_mips\n+00045ae0: 2063 616e 2075 7365 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 can use only me\n+00045af0: 6d6f 7279 2075 7020 746f 2066 6972 7374 mory up to first\n+00045b00: 2068 6f6c 652e 0a0a 2020 2042 6f6f 746c hole... Bootl\n+00045b10: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2061 6269 6c69 ocation is abili\n+00045b20: 7479 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6175 ty of GRUB to au\n+00045b30: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6465 7465 tomatically dete\n+00045b40: 6374 2077 6865 7265 2069 740a 626f 6f74 ct where it.boot\n+00045b50: 7320 6672 6f6d 2e20 2022 6469 736b 2220 s from. \"disk\" \n+00045b60: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 6465 7465 6374 means the detect\n+00045b70: 696f 6e20 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 ion is limited t\n+00045b80: 6f20 6465 7465 6374 696e 6720 7468 6520 o detecting the \n+00045b90: 6469 736b 0a77 6974 6820 7061 7274 6974 disk.with partit\n+00045ba0: 696f 6e20 6265 696e 6720 6469 7363 6f76 ion being discov\n+00045bb0: 6572 6564 206f 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 ered on install \n+00045bc0: 7469 6d65 2e20 2022 7061 7274 6974 696f time. \"partitio\n+00045bd0: 6e22 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 740a 6469 n\" means that.di\n+00045be0: 736b 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 746f 6e20 sk and partiton \n+00045bf0: 6361 6e20 6265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 can be automatic\n+00045c00: 616c 6c79 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e ally discovered.\n+00045c10: 2020 2266 696c 6522 206d 6561 6e73 2074 \"file\" means t\n+00045c20: 6861 740a 626f 6f74 2069 6d61 6765 2066 hat.boot image f\n+00045c30: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 7320 7765 6c6c ile name as well\n+00045c40: 2061 7320 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2070 6172 as disk and par\n+00045c50: 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6469 tition can be di\n+00045c60: 7363 6f76 6572 6564 2e0a 466f 7220 636f scovered..For co\n+00045c70: 6e73 6973 7465 6e63 792c 2064 6566 6175 nsistency, defau\n+00045c80: 6c74 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 lt install ignor\n+00045c90: 6573 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 es partition and\n+00045ca0: 2072 656c 6965 7320 736f 6c65 6c79 206f relies solely o\n+00045cb0: 6e0a 6469 736b 2064 6574 6563 7469 6f6e n.disk detection\n+00045cc0: 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2062 6f6f 746c 6f63 . If no bootloc\n+00045cd0: 6174 696f 6e20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 7920 ation discovery \n+00045ce0: 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7220 is available or \n+00045cf0: 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 0a67 7275 622d 726f boot and.grub-ro\n+00045d00: 6f74 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 2064 6966 ot disks are dif\n+00045d10: 6665 7265 6e74 2c20 5555 4944 2069 7320 ferent, UUID is \n+00045d20: 7573 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e20 204f used instead. O\n+00045d30: 6e20 4152 4320 6966 206e 6f0a 6465 7669 n ARC if no.devi\n+00045d40: 6365 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 746f ce to install to\n+00045d50: 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2055 is specified, U\n+00045d60: 5549 4420 6973 2075 7365 6420 696e 7374 UID is used inst\n+00045d70: 6561 6420 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a0a 2020 ead as well... \n+00045d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 494f BIO\n+00045d90: 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 7265 S Core\n+00045da0: 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 204d 756c 7469 boot Multi\n+00045db0: 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 5165 6d75 0a76 boot Qemu.v\n+00045dc0: 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ideo ye\n+00045dd0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+00045de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+00045df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 yes.c\n+00045e00: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 onsole CP\n+00045e10: 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 437 CP4\n+00045e20: 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 37 CP43\n+00045e30: 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 7 CP437\n+00045e40: 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b .charset.network\n+00045e50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 yes (*) \n+00045e60: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00045e70: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00045e80: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 4349 no.ATA/AHCI\n+00045e90: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045ea0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045eb0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045ec0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 4154 206b 6579 626f yes.AT keybo\n+00045ed0: 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 ard yes \n+00045ee0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045ef0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f00: 2020 2020 7965 730a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 yes.Speaker \n+00045f10: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f20: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f30: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f40: 2020 2020 7965 730a 5553 4220 2020 2020 yes.USB \n+00045f50: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f60: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f70: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f80: 2020 2020 7965 730a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 yes.chainloa\n+00045f90: 6465 7220 2020 206c 6f63 616c 2020 2020 der local \n+00045fa0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045fb0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045fc0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 no.cpuid \n+00045fd0: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n+00045fe0: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n+00045ff0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n+00046000: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 0a72 646d 7372 partial.rdmsr\n+00046010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 partia\n+00046020: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c l partial\n+00046030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n+00046040: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 0a77 partial.w\n+00046050: 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 rmsr pa\n+00046060: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 rtial par\n+00046070: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 tial part\n+00046080: 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 ial parti\n+00046090: 616c 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 al.hints \n+000460a0: 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+000460b0: 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+000460c0: 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 guess g\n+000460d0: 7565 7373 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 uess.PCI \n+000460e0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000460f0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046100: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046110: 2079 6573 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 yes.badram \n+00046120: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046130: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046140: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046150: 2079 6573 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e yes.compression\n+00046160: 2020 2020 616c 7761 7973 2020 2020 2020 always \n+00046170: 2020 2070 6f69 6e74 6c65 7373 2020 2020 pointless \n+00046180: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046190: 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.exit \n+000461a0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000461b0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000461c0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000461d0: 6e6f 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 no.bootlocation \n+000461e0: 2020 6469 736b 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 disk \n+000461f0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046200: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046210: 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.. \n+00046220: 2020 6961 3332 2045 4649 2020 2020 2020 ia32 EFI \n+00046230: 2061 6d64 3634 2045 4649 2020 2020 2020 amd64 EFI \n+00046240: 6961 3332 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 ia32 I\n+00046250: 7461 6e69 756d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tanium. \n 00046260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00046270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00046280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4945 4545 3132 IEEE12\n-00046290: 3735 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 75.video \n-000462a0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000462b0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000462c0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-000462d0: 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 o.console \n-000462e0: 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2020 2020 2020 2020 Unicode \n-000462f0: 556e 6963 6f64 6520 2020 2020 2020 2041 Unicode A\n-00046300: 5343 4949 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e SCII Un\n-00046310: 6963 6f64 650a 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 icode.charset.ne\n-00046320: 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 twork yes\n-00046330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00046340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00046350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4154 yes.AT\n-00046360: 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 A/AHCI yes\n-00046370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00046380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00046390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 no.AT \n-000463a0: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 keyboard yes \n-000463b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-000463c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-000463d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5370 6561 no.Spea\n-000463e0: 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 ker yes \n-000463f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00046400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00046410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 no.USB \n-00046420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00046430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00046440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00046450: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c no.chainl\n-00046460: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 206c 6f63 616c 2020 oader local \n-00046470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 local \n-00046480: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046490: 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 6c0a 6370 7569 local.cpui\n-000464a0: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 d parti\n-000464b0: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 al partia\n-000464c0: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c l partial\n-000464d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a72 646d 7372 no.rdmsr\n-000464e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 partia\n-000464f0: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c l partial\n-00046500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n-00046510: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7772 6d73 7220 no.wrmsr \n-00046520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c partial\n-00046530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n-00046540: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n-00046550: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a68 696e 7473 2020 no.hints \n-00046560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 guess \n-00046570: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 guess \n-00046580: 2020 2020 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 good \n-00046590: 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 0a50 4349 2020 guess.PCI \n-000465a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-000465b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-000465c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-000465d0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 616d no.badram\n-000465e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-000465f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00046600: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046610: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 636f 6d70 7265 yes.compre\n-00046620: 7373 696f 6e20 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 ssion no \n-00046630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046640: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046650: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a65 7869 7420 2020 no.exit \n-00046660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00046670: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046680: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046690: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 yes.bootloc\n-000466a0: 6174 696f 6e20 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 ation file \n-000466b0: 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 file \n-000466c0: 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2c20 2020 2020 file, \n-000466d0: 2020 2020 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2020 file. \n+00046280: 2020 2020 4945 4545 3132 3735 0a76 6964 IEEE1275.vid\n+00046290: 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 eo yes \n+000462a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+000462b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+000462c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6e73 no.cons\n+000462d0: 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f ole Unico\n+000462e0: 6465 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 de Unicod\n+000462f0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 2020 e ASCII \n+00046300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 650a Unicode.\n+00046310: 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 charset.network \n+00046320: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046330: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046340: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046350: 2020 2020 7965 730a 4154 412f 4148 4349 yes.ATA/AHCI\n+00046360: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046370: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046380: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046390: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 no.AT keyboa\n+000463a0: 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 rd yes \n+000463b0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000463c0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000463d0: 2020 206e 6f0a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 no.Speaker \n+000463e0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000463f0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046400: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046410: 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n+00046420: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046430: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046440: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046450: 206e 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 no.chainloader \n+00046460: 2020 206c 6f63 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 local \n+00046470: 2020 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 local \n+00046480: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046490: 6c6f 6361 6c0a 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 local.cpuid \n+000464a0: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n+000464b0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n+000464c0: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+000464d0: 2020 6e6f 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 no.rdmsr \n+000464e0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n+000464f0: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046500: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046510: 206e 6f0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 no.wrmsr \n+00046520: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046530: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046540: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046550: 6e6f 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.hints \n+00046560: 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+00046570: 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+00046580: 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 good g\n+00046590: 7565 7373 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 uess.PCI \n+000465a0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000465b0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000465c0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000465d0: 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 no.badram \n+000465e0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000465f0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046600: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046610: 7965 730a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 yes.compression \n+00046620: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046630: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046640: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046650: 6e6f 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.exit \n+00046660: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046670: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046680: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+00046690: 6573 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 es.bootlocation \n+000466a0: 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n+000466b0: 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n+000466c0: 6669 6c65 2c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 file, f\n+000466d0: 696c 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ile. \n 000466e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 000466f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00046700: 2020 2020 2020 2069 676e 6f72 6564 0a0a ignored..\n-00046710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n-00046720: 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 2020 2020 2020 7370 oongson sp\n-00046730: 6172 6336 3420 2020 2020 2020 2050 6f77 arc64 Pow\n-00046740: 6572 7063 2020 2020 2020 2020 4152 430a erpc ARC.\n-00046750: 7669 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 video y\n-00046760: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n-00046770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00046780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 no.c\n-00046790: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e2f onsole N/\n-000467a0: 4120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 A ASC\n-000467b0: 4949 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 II ASCI\n-000467c0: 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 I ASCII\n-000467d0: 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b .charset.network\n-000467e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000467f0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 yes (*) \n-00046800: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046810: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 4349 no.ATA/AHCI\n-00046820: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046830: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046840: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046850: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 no.AT keyboa\n-00046860: 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 rd yes \n-00046870: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046880: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046890: 2020 206e 6f0a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 no.Speaker \n-000468a0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000468b0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000468c0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000468d0: 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n-000468e0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000468f0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046900: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046910: 206e 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 no.chainloader \n-00046920: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046930: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046940: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046950: 6e6f 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.cpuid \n-00046960: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046970: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046980: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046990: 6f0a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.rdmsr \n-000469a0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469b0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-000469c0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-000469d0: 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .wrmsr \n-000469e0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-000469f0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-00046a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n-00046a10: 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 hints g\n-00046a20: 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 676f ood go\n-00046a30: 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f od goo\n-00046a40: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a50 d no.P\n-00046a50: 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 CI ye\n-00046a60: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s no \n-00046a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6261 no.ba\n-00046a90: 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 dram yes\n-00046aa0: 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 (*) no \n-00046ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6d no.com\n-00046ad0: 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 636f 6e66 pression conf\n-00046ae0: 6967 7572 6162 6c65 2020 206e 6f20 2020 igurable no \n-00046af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 configu\n-00046b10: 7261 626c 650a 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 rable.exit \n-00046b20: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046b30: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046b40: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046b50: 2020 7965 730a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 yes.bootlocati\n-00046b60: 6f6e 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 on no \n-00046b70: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 2020 partition \n-00046b80: 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n-00046b90: 2020 6669 6c65 2028 2a29 0a0a 2020 2020 file (*).. \n-00046ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 4950 5320 MIPS \n-00046bb0: 7165 6d75 2020 2020 2020 656d 7520 2020 qemu emu \n-00046bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2078 656e 0a76 6964 xen.vid\n-00046bd0: 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 eo no \n-00046be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00046bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e no.con\n-00046c00: 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 sole CP43\n-00046c10: 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f 7 Unico\n-00046c20: 6465 2028 2a29 2020 2020 4153 4349 490a de (*) ASCII.\n-00046c30: 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 charset.network \n-00046c40: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c50: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046c60: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 4349 no.ATA/AHCI\n-00046c70: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046c80: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046c90: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 626f no.AT keybo\n-00046ca0: 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 ard yes \n-00046cb0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046cc0: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 no.Speaker \n-00046cd0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ce0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046cf0: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 2020 no.USB \n-00046d00: 2020 2020 2020 204e 2f41 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n-00046d10: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046d20: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 no.chainloa\n-00046d30: 6465 7220 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 der yes \n-00046d40: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046d50: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 7075 6964 2020 yes.cpuid \n-00046d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046d70: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046d80: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 7264 6d73 7220 yes.rdmsr \n-00046d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046da0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046db0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a77 726d 7372 yes.wrmsr\n-00046dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6869 6e74 yes.hint\n-00046df0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 s guess\n-00046e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5043 4920 no.PCI \n-00046e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046e40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 no.badr\n-00046e50: 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 am yes (\n-00046e60: 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 *) no \n-00046e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 no.comp\n-00046e80: 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 ression confi\n-00046e90: 6775 7261 626c 6520 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 gurable no \n-00046ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 no.exit\n-00046eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-00046ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00046ed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 626f 6f74 no.boot\n-00046ee0: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 206e 6f20 2020 location no \n-00046ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 file \n-00046f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 0a1f 0a46 no....F\n-00046f10: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00046f20: 204e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d Node: Platform-\n-00046f30: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 specific operati\n-00046f40: 6f6e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5375 7070 ons, Next: Supp\n-00046f50: 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2020 orted kernels, \n-00046f60: 5072 6576 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c Prev: Platform l\n-00046f70: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2055 703a imitations, Up:\n-00046f80: 2054 6f70 0a0a 3231 204f 7574 6c69 6e65 Top..21 Outline\n-00046f90: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a53 6f6d .**********..Som\n-00046fa0: 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6861 7665 e platforms have\n-00046fb0: 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 7768 6963 6820 features which \n-00046fc0: 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6f20 696d 706c 656d allows to implem\n-00046fd0: 656e 7420 736f 6d65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ent some command\n-00046fe0: 730a 7573 656c 6573 7320 6f72 206e 6f74 s.useless or not\n-00046ff0: 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6162 6c65 206f implementable o\n-00047000: 6e20 6f74 6865 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 5175 n others... Qu\n-00047010: 6963 6b20 7375 6d6d 6172 793a 0a0a 2020 ick summary:.. \n-00047020: 2049 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 Information ret\n-00047030: 7269 6576 616c 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 rieval:.. ... \n-00047040: 6d69 7073 656c 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e3a mipsel-loongson:\n-00047050: 206c 7373 7064 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d69 lsspd. ... mi\n-00047060: 7073 2d61 7263 3a20 6c73 6465 760a 2020 ps-arc: lsdev. \n-00047070: 20e2 80a2 2065 6669 3a20 6c73 6566 6973 ... efi: lsefis\n-00047080: 7973 7461 622c 206c 7373 616c 2c20 6c73 ystab, lssal, ls\n-00047090: 6566 696d 6d61 702c 206c 7365 6669 0a20 efimmap, lsefi. \n-000470a0: 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a 206c ... i386-pc: l\n-000470b0: 7361 706d 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 sapm. ... i386\n-000470c0: 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 743a 206c 7363 6f72 -coreboot: lscor\n-000470d0: 6562 6f6f 742c 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 745f eboot, coreboot_\n-000470e0: 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 2c20 6362 6d65 6d63 boottime, cbmemc\n-000470f0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6163 7069 2d65 6e61 . ... acpi-ena\n-00047100: 626c 6564 2028 6933 3836 2d70 632c 2069 bled (i386-pc, i\n-00047110: 3338 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 386-coreboot, i3\n-00047120: 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2a2d 86-multiboot, *-\n-00047130: 6566 6929 3a0a 2020 2020 206c 7361 6370 efi):. lsacp\n-00047140: 690a 0a20 2020 576f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 i.. Workaround\n-00047150: 7320 666f 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 s for platform-s\n-00047160: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6973 7375 6573 3a0a pecific issues:.\n-00047170: 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 6566 692f ... i386-efi/\n-00047180: 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 3a20 6c6f 6164 x86_64-efi: load\n-00047190: 6269 6f73 2c20 6661 6b65 6269 6f73 2c20 bios, fakebios, \n-000471a0: 6669 785f 7669 6465 6f0a 2020 20e2 80a2 fix_video. ...\n-000471b0: 2061 6370 692d 656e 6162 6c65 6420 2869 acpi-enabled (i\n-000471c0: 3338 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 386-pc, i386-cor\n-000471d0: 6562 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 eboot, i386-mult\n-000471e0: 6962 6f6f 742c 202a 2d65 6669 293a 2061 iboot, *-efi): a\n-000471f0: 6370 690a 2020 2020 2028 6f76 6572 7269 cpi. (overri\n-00047200: 6465 2041 4350 4920 7461 626c 6573 290a de ACPI tables).\n-00047210: 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 ... i386-pc: \n-00047220: 6472 6976 656d 6170 0a20 2020 e280 a220 drivemap. ... \n-00047230: 6933 3836 2d70 633a 2073 656e 646b 6579 i386-pc: sendkey\n-00047240: 0a0a 2020 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 6f70 .. Advanced op\n-00047250: 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2066 6f72 2070 6f77 erations for pow\n-00047260: 6572 2075 7365 7273 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 er users:. ...\n-00047270: 2078 3836 3a20 696f 7277 2028 6469 7265 x86: iorw (dire\n-00047280: 6374 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2049 2f4f ct access to I/O\n-00047290: 2070 6f72 7473 290a 0a20 2020 4d69 7363 ports).. Misc\n-000472a0: 656c 616e 656f 7573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 elaneous:. ...\n-000472b0: 2063 6d6f 7320 2878 3836 2d2a 2c20 6965 cmos (x86-*, ie\n-000472c0: 6565 3132 3735 2c20 6d69 7073 2d71 656d ee1275, mips-qem\n-000472d0: 755f 6d69 7073 2c20 6d69 7073 2d6c 6f6f u_mips, mips-loo\n-000472e0: 6e67 736f 6e29 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 ngson): cmostest\n-000472f0: 0a20 2020 2020 2875 7365 6420 6f6e 2073 . (used on s\n-00047300: 6f6d 6520 6c61 7074 6f70 7320 746f 2063 ome laptops to c\n-00047310: 6865 636b 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 616c heck for special\n-00047320: 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7929 2c20 power-on key), \n-00047330: 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 cmosclean. ...\n-00047340: 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 706c 6179 0a0a i386-pc: play..\n-00047350: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00047360: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 o, Node: Suppor\n-00047370: 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2020 4e65 ted kernels, Ne\n-00047380: 7874 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 xt: Troubleshoot\n-00047390: 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 506c 6174 ing, Prev: Plat\n-000473a0: 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 form-specific op\n-000473b0: 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 2054 erations, Up: T\n-000473c0: 6f70 0a0a 3232 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 op..22 Supported\n-000473d0: 2062 6f6f 7420 7461 7267 6574 730a 2a2a boot targets.**\n+00046700: 2069 676e 6f72 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 ignored.. \n+00046710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f6f 6e67 736f Loongso\n+00046720: 6e20 2020 2020 2020 7370 6172 6336 3420 n sparc64 \n+00046730: 2020 2020 2020 2050 6f77 6572 7063 2020 Powerpc \n+00046740: 2020 2020 2020 4152 430a 7669 6465 6f20 ARC.video \n+00046750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046770: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046780: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 no.console\n+00046790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e2f 4120 2020 2020 N/A \n+000467a0: 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 2020 2020 ASCII \n+000467b0: 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 ASCII \n+000467c0: 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 0a63 6861 7273 ASCII.chars\n+000467d0: 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 et.network \n+000467e0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000467f0: 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes (*) \n+00046800: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+00046810: 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 o.ATA/AHCI \n+00046820: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046830: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046840: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046850: 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 .AT keyboard \n+00046860: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+00046870: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n+00046890: 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 206e Speaker n\n+000468a0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+000468b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+000468c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 no.U\n+000468d0: 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 SB ye\n+000468e0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s no \n+000468f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+00046900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6368 no.ch\n+00046910: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2079 6573 ainloader yes\n+00046920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+00046930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 7075 no.cpu\n+00046950: 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 id no \n+00046960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7264 6d73 no.rdms\n+00046990: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 r no \n+000469a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+000469b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+000469c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a77 726d 7372 no.wrmsr\n+000469d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+000469e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+000469f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046a00: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6869 6e74 7320 no.hints \n+00046a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 good \n+00046a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 good \n+00046a30: 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 good \n+00046a40: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a50 4349 2020 2020 no.PCI \n+00046a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046a60: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046a70: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046a80: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 616d 2020 no.badram \n+00046a90: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 yes (*) \n+00046aa0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046ab0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046ac0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 no.compressi\n+00046ad0: 6f6e 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 on configurab\n+00046ae0: 6c65 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 le no \n+00046af0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046b00: 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 650a configurable.\n+00046b10: 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e exit n\n+00046b20: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 o ye\n+00046b30: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n+00046b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00046b50: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 206e bootlocation n\n+00046b60: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 o pa\n+00046b70: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 2020 2020 2066 696c rtition fil\n+00046b80: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 e file\n+00046b90: 2028 2a29 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (*).. \n+00046ba0: 2020 2020 204d 4950 5320 7165 6d75 2020 MIPS qemu \n+00046bb0: 2020 2020 656d 7520 2020 2020 2020 2020 emu \n+00046bc0: 2020 2078 656e 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 xen.video \n+00046bd0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046be0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046bf0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 no.console \n+00046c00: 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00046c10: 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2028 2a29 Unicode (*)\n+00046c20: 2020 2020 4153 4349 490a 6368 6172 7365 ASCII.charse\n+00046c30: 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 t.network \n+00046c40: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c50: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+00046c60: 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 o.ATA/AHCI \n+00046c70: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046c80: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046c90: 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 o.AT keyboard \n+00046ca0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046cb0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046cc0: 6f0a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 o.Speaker \n+00046cd0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046ce0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046cf0: 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.USB \n+00046d00: 204e 2f41 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n+00046d10: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n+00046d20: 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 o.chainloader \n+00046d30: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046d40: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 no y\n+00046d50: 6573 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 es.cpuid \n+00046d60: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046d70: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046d80: 7965 730a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 yes.rdmsr \n+00046d90: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046da0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046db0: 2079 6573 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 yes.wrmsr \n+00046dc0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046dd0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046de0: 2020 7965 730a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 yes.hints \n+00046df0: 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+00046e00: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046e10: 2020 206e 6f0a 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 no.PCI \n+00046e20: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046e30: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046e40: 2020 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 no.badram \n+00046e50: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 yes (*) \n+00046e60: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046e70: 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f no.compressio\n+00046e80: 6e20 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c n configurabl\n+00046e90: 6520 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e no \n+00046ea0: 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 no.exit \n+00046eb0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046ec0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046ed0: 2020 206e 6f0a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 no.bootlocati\n+00046ee0: 6f6e 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 on no \n+00046ef0: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n+00046f00: 2020 206e 6f0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 no....File: g\n+00046f10: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00046f20: 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 Platform-specif\n+00046f30: 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 ic operations, \n+00046f40: 4e65 7874 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 Next: Supported \n+00046f50: 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 kernels, Prev: \n+00046f60: 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 Platform limitat\n+00046f70: 696f 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a ions, Up: Top..\n+00046f80: 3231 204f 7574 6c69 6e65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 21 Outline.*****\n+00046f90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 *****..Some plat\n+00046fa0: 666f 726d 7320 6861 7665 2066 6561 7475 forms have featu\n+00046fb0: 7265 7320 7768 6963 6820 616c 6c6f 7773 res which allows\n+00046fc0: 2074 6f20 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 736f to implement so\n+00046fd0: 6d65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 7573 656c me commands.usel\n+00046fe0: 6573 7320 6f72 206e 6f74 2069 6d70 6c65 ess or not imple\n+00046ff0: 6d65 6e74 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 6f74 6865 mentable on othe\n+00047000: 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 5175 6963 6b20 7375 rs... Quick su\n+00047010: 6d6d 6172 793a 0a0a 2020 2049 6e66 6f72 mmary:.. Infor\n+00047020: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 7269 6576 616c mation retrieval\n+00047030: 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 656c :.. ... mipsel\n+00047040: 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e3a 206c 7373 7064 -loongson: lsspd\n+00047050: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 . ... mips-arc\n+00047060: 3a20 6c73 6465 760a 2020 20e2 80a2 2065 : lsdev. ... e\n+00047070: 6669 3a20 6c73 6566 6973 7973 7461 622c fi: lsefisystab,\n+00047080: 206c 7373 616c 2c20 6c73 6566 696d 6d61 lssal, lsefimma\n+00047090: 702c 206c 7365 6669 0a20 2020 e280 a220 p, lsefi. ... \n+000470a0: 6933 3836 2d70 633a 206c 7361 706d 0a20 i386-pc: lsapm. \n+000470b0: 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 ... i386-coreb\n+000470c0: 6f6f 743a 206c 7363 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c oot: lscoreboot,\n+000470d0: 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 745f 626f 6f74 7469 coreboot_bootti\n+000470e0: 6d65 2c20 6362 6d65 6d63 0a20 2020 e280 me, cbmemc. ..\n+000470f0: a220 6163 7069 2d65 6e61 626c 6564 2028 . acpi-enabled (\n+00047100: 6933 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d 636f i386-pc, i386-co\n+00047110: 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c reboot, i386-mul\n+00047120: 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 6929 3a0a tiboot, *-efi):.\n+00047130: 2020 2020 206c 7361 6370 690a 0a20 2020 lsacpi.. \n+00047140: 576f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 7320 666f 7220 Workarounds for \n+00047150: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 platform-specifi\n+00047160: 6320 6973 7375 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 c issues:. ...\n+00047170: 2069 3338 362d 6566 692f 7838 365f 3634 i386-efi/x86_64\n+00047180: 2d65 6669 3a20 6c6f 6164 6269 6f73 2c20 -efi: loadbios, \n+00047190: 6661 6b65 6269 6f73 2c20 6669 785f 7669 fakebios, fix_vi\n+000471a0: 6465 6f0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 6370 692d deo. ... acpi-\n+000471b0: 656e 6162 6c65 6420 2869 3338 362d 7063 enabled (i386-pc\n+000471c0: 2c20 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c , i386-coreboot,\n+000471d0: 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c i386-multiboot,\n+000471e0: 202a 2d65 6669 293a 2061 6370 690a 2020 *-efi): acpi. \n+000471f0: 2020 2028 6f76 6572 7269 6465 2041 4350 (override ACP\n+00047200: 4920 7461 626c 6573 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 I tables). ...\n+00047210: 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 6472 6976 656d i386-pc: drivem\n+00047220: 6170 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 ap. ... i386-p\n+00047230: 633a 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a0a 2020 2041 c: sendkey.. A\n+00047240: 6476 616e 6365 6420 6f70 6572 6174 696f dvanced operatio\n+00047250: 6e73 2066 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2075 7365 ns for power use\n+00047260: 7273 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2078 3836 3a20 rs:. ... x86: \n+00047270: 696f 7277 2028 6469 7265 6374 2061 6363 iorw (direct acc\n+00047280: 6573 7320 746f 2049 2f4f 2070 6f72 7473 ess to I/O ports\n+00047290: 290a 0a20 2020 4d69 7363 656c 616e 656f ).. Miscelaneo\n+000472a0: 7573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 6d6f 7320 us:. ... cmos \n+000472b0: 2878 3836 2d2a 2c20 6965 6565 3132 3735 (x86-*, ieee1275\n+000472c0: 2c20 6d69 7073 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 , mips-qemu_mips\n+000472d0: 2c20 6d69 7073 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e29 , mips-loongson)\n+000472e0: 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 0a20 2020 2020 : cmostest. \n+000472f0: 2875 7365 6420 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 6c61 (used on some la\n+00047300: 7074 6f70 7320 746f 2063 6865 636b 2066 ptops to check f\n+00047310: 6f72 2073 7065 6369 616c 2070 6f77 6572 or special power\n+00047320: 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7929 2c20 636d 6f73 636c -on key), cmoscl\n+00047330: 6561 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d ean. ... i386-\n+00047340: 7063 3a20 706c 6179 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 pc: play....File\n+00047350: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00047360: 6465 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 de: Supported ke\n+00047370: 726e 656c 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5472 rnels, Next: Tr\n+00047380: 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 oubleshooting, \n+00047390: 5072 6576 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 Prev: Platform-s\n+000473a0: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f pecific operatio\n+000473b0: 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3232 ns, Up: Top..22\n+000473c0: 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 Supported boot \n+000473d0: 7461 7267 6574 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a targets.********\n 000473e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000473f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a58 3836 2073 7570 *******..X86 sup\n-00047400: 706f 7274 2069 7320 7375 6d6d 6172 6973 port is summaris\n-00047410: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ed in the follow\n-00047420: 696e 6720 7461 626c 652e 2020 2259 6573 ing table. \"Yes\n-00047430: 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 \" means that the\n-00047440: 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 776f 726b 7320 6f6e .kernel works on\n-00047450: 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e 2070 6c61 7466 the given platf\n-00047460: 6f72 6d2c 2022 6372 6173 6865 7322 206d orm, \"crashes\" m\n-00047470: 6561 6e73 2061 6e20 6561 726c 7920 6b65 eans an early ke\n-00047480: 726e 656c 0a63 7261 7368 2077 6869 6368 rnel.crash which\n-00047490: 2077 6520 686f 7065 2077 696c 6c20 6265 we hope will be\n-000474a0: 2066 6978 6564 2062 7920 636f 6e63 6572 fixed by concer\n-000474b0: 6e65 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2064 6576 656c ned kernel devel\n-000474c0: 6f70 6572 732e 2020 226e 6f22 0a6d 6561 opers. \"no\".mea\n-000474d0: 6e73 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 ns GRUB doesn't \n-000474e0: 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e 206b load the given k\n-000474f0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2061 2067 6976 656e ernel on a given\n-00047500: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a22 6865 6164 platform..\"head\n-00047510: 6c65 7373 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 less\" means that\n-00047520: 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 776f 726b the kernel work\n-00047530: 7320 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 636f 6e73 s but lacks cons\n-00047540: 6f6c 6520 6472 6976 6572 7320 2879 6f75 ole drivers (you\n-00047550: 0a63 616e 2073 7469 6c6c 2075 7365 2073 .can still use s\n-00047560: 6572 6961 6c20 6f72 206e 6574 776f 726b erial or network\n-00047570: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 292e 2020 496e 2063 console). In c\n-00047580: 6173 6520 6f66 2022 6e6f 2220 616e 6420 ase of \"no\" and \n-00047590: 2263 7261 7368 6573 220a 7468 6520 7265 \"crashes\".the re\n-000475a0: 6173 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 696e ason is given in\n-000475b0: 2066 6f6f 746e 6f74 652e 0a20 2020 2020 footnote.. \n+000473f0: 2a0a 0a58 3836 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 *..X86 support i\n+00047400: 7320 7375 6d6d 6172 6973 6564 2069 6e20 s summarised in \n+00047410: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7461 the following ta\n+00047420: 626c 652e 2020 2259 6573 2220 6d65 616e ble. \"Yes\" mean\n+00047430: 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a6b 6572 6e65 s that the.kerne\n+00047440: 6c20 776f 726b 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2067 l works on the g\n+00047450: 6976 656e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2022 iven platform, \"\n+00047460: 6372 6173 6865 7322 206d 6561 6e73 2061 crashes\" means a\n+00047470: 6e20 6561 726c 7920 6b65 726e 656c 0a63 n early kernel.c\n+00047480: 7261 7368 2077 6869 6368 2077 6520 686f rash which we ho\n+00047490: 7065 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6978 6564 pe will be fixed\n+000474a0: 2062 7920 636f 6e63 6572 6e65 6420 6b65 by concerned ke\n+000474b0: 726e 656c 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 732e rnel developers.\n+000474c0: 2020 226e 6f22 0a6d 6561 6e73 2047 5255 \"no\".means GRU\n+000474d0: 4220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6c6f 6164 2074 B doesn't load t\n+000474e0: 6865 2067 6976 656e 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 he given kernel \n+000474f0: 6f6e 2061 2067 6976 656e 2070 6c61 7466 on a given platf\n+00047500: 6f72 6d2e 0a22 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2220 orm..\"headless\" \n+00047510: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 206b means that the k\n+00047520: 6572 6e65 6c20 776f 726b 7320 6275 7420 ernel works but \n+00047530: 6c61 636b 7320 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6472 lacks console dr\n+00047540: 6976 6572 7320 2879 6f75 0a63 616e 2073 ivers (you.can s\n+00047550: 7469 6c6c 2075 7365 2073 6572 6961 6c20 till use serial \n+00047560: 6f72 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 6f6e 736f or network conso\n+00047570: 6c65 292e 2020 496e 2063 6173 6520 6f66 le). In case of\n+00047580: 2022 6e6f 2220 616e 6420 2263 7261 7368 \"no\" and \"crash\n+00047590: 6573 220a 7468 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 2069 es\".the reason i\n+000475a0: 7320 6769 7665 6e20 696e 2066 6f6f 746e s given in footn\n+000475b0: 6f74 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ote.. \n 000475c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000475d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000475e0: 4249 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BIOS \n-000475f0: 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 740a 4249 4f53 2063 Coreboot.BIOS c\n-00047600: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 hainloading \n-00047610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00047620: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00047630: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 no (1).NTLDR \n+000475d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2020 BIOS \n+000475e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f72 6562 Coreb\n+000475f0: 6f6f 740a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f oot.BIOS chainlo\n+00047600: 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ading \n+00047610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00047620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+00047630: 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .NTLDR \n 00047640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00047660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00047670: 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 (1).Plan9 \n+00047650: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047660: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c no (1).Pl\n+00047670: 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 an9 \n 00047680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-000476a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-000476b0: 0a46 7265 6564 6f73 2020 2020 2020 2020 .Freedos \n+00047690: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000476a0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6564 no (1).Freed\n+000476b0: 6f73 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 os \n 000476c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000476d0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000476e0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 no (1).Fr\n-000476f0: 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 eeBSD bootloader\n-00047700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047710: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047720: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a crashes (1).\n-00047730: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 32-bit kFreeBSD \n-00047740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047750: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047760: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 crashes (5\n-00047770: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 ).64-bit kFreeBS\n-00047780: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n-00047790: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000477a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n-000477b0: 2835 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 (5).32-bit kNetB\n-000477c0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-000477d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-000477e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 crashe\n-000477f0: 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 s (1).64-bit kNe\n-00047800: 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tBSD \n-00047810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00047820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 cras\n-00047830: 6865 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e hes.32-bit kOpen\n-00047840: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n-00047850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00047860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 yes.64\n-00047870: 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 -bit kOpenBSD \n-00047880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047890: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000478a0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f yes.Multiboo\n-000478b0: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n-000478c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-000478d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-000478e0: 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 s.Multiboot2 \n+000476d0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000476e0: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 no (1).FreeBSD \n+000476f0: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 bootloader \n+00047700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n+00047720: 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 ashes (1).32-bit\n+00047730: 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n+00047740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n+00047750: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+00047760: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3634 2d62 crashes (5).64-b\n+00047770: 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kFreeBSD \n+00047780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047790: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000477a0: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3332 crashes (5).32\n+000477b0: 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 -bit kNetBSD \n+000477c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000477d0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000477e0: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a crashes (1).\n+000477f0: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 64-bit kNetBSD \n+00047800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047810: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047820: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 730a 3332 crashes.32\n+00047830: 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 -bit kOpenBSD \n+00047840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047850: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047860: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b yes.64-bit k\n+00047870: 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 OpenBSD \n+00047880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+000478a0: 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 s.Multiboot \n+000478b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000478c0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000478d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 yes.Mult\n+000478e0: 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 iboot2 \n 000478f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047900: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 yes.32-b\n-00047920: 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 it Linux (legacy\n-00047930: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-00047940: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047950: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 no (1).64-bit \n-00047960: 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 Linux (legacy pr\n-00047970: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 otocol) ye\n-00047980: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e s n\n-00047990: 6f20 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e o (1).32-bit Lin\n-000479a0: 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f ux (modern proto\n-000479b0: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 col) yes \n-000479c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n-000479d0: 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 64-bit Linux (mo\n-000479e0: 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 dern protocol) \n-000479f0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047a00: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 yes.32-bit\n-00047a10: 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n-00047a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00047a30: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00047a40: 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 ?.64-bit XNU \n+00047900: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047910: 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e yes.32-bit Lin\n+00047920: 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f ux (legacy proto\n+00047930: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 col) yes \n+00047940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+00047950: 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 1).64-bit Linux \n+00047960: 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (legacy protocol\n+00047970: 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 ) yes \n+00047980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+00047990: 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 32-bit Linux (mo\n+000479a0: 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 dern protocol) \n+000479b0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000479c0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 yes.64-bit\n+000479d0: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 Linux (modern p\n+000479e0: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 rotocol) y\n+000479f0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+00047a00: 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 yes.32-bit XNU \n+00047a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00047a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 ?.64-b\n+00047a40: 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 it XNU \n 00047a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a60: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 ?.32-bit\n-00047a80: 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 EFI chainloader\n-00047a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-00047aa0: 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (2) \n-00047ab0: 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 no (2).64-bit EF\n-00047ac0: 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 I chainloader \n-00047ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-00047ae0: 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2) no \n-00047af0: 2832 290a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 (2).Appleloader \n+00047a60: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047a70: 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 ?.32-bit EFI c\n+00047a80: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 hainloader \n+00047a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 no (2) \n+00047aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n+00047ab0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 .64-bit EFI chai\n+00047ac0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 nloader \n+00047ad0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047ae0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 no (2).Ap\n+00047af0: 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 pleloader \n 00047b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 no (2) \n-00047b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n-00047b30: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n+00047b10: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00047b20: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 2020 no (2).. \n+00047b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00047b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047b50: 2020 2020 2020 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 Multiboot\n-00047b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5165 6d75 0a42 494f Qemu.BIO\n-00047b70: 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 S chainloading \n-00047b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047b90: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047ba0: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 no (1).NTLDR \n+00047b50: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot \n+00047b60: 2020 5165 6d75 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 Qemu.BIOS chai\n+00047b70: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 nloading \n+00047b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+00047b90: 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 1) no \n+00047ba0: 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 (1).NTLDR \n 00047bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-00047bd0: 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (1) \n-00047be0: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 no (1).Plan9 \n+00047bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 no (1) \n+00047bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+00047be0: 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .Plan9 \n 00047bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n-00047c10: 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 1) no \n-00047c20: 2831 290a 4672 6565 444f 5320 2020 2020 (1).FreeDOS \n+00047c00: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047c10: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 no (1).Fr\n+00047c20: 6565 444f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eeDOS \n 00047c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 no (1) \n-00047c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00047c60: 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 .FreeBSD bootloa\n-00047c70: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n-00047c80: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 crashes (1\n-00047c90: 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 ) crashes (\n-00047ca0: 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 1).32-bit kFreeB\n-00047cb0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-00047cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n-00047cd0: 2835 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 (5) crashes\n-00047ce0: 2028 3529 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 (5).64-bit kFre\n-00047cf0: 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eBSD \n-00047d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 crashe\n-00047d10: 7320 2835 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 s (5) crash\n-00047d20: 6573 2028 3529 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e es (5).32-bit kN\n-00047d30: 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 etBSD \n-00047d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 cras\n-00047d50: 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 hes (1) cra\n-00047d60: 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 shes (1).64-bit \n-00047d70: 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 kNetBSD \n-00047d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00047d90: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n-00047da0: 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 es.32-bit kOpenB\n-00047db0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-00047dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n-00047dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d yes.64-\n-00047de0: 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 bit kOpenBSD \n-00047df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047e00: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047e10: 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 yes.Multiboot\n+00047c40: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047c50: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 no (1).FreeB\n+00047c60: 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 SD bootloader \n+00047c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047c80: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 crashes (1) \n+00047c90: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d crashes (1).32-\n+00047ca0: 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 bit kFreeBSD \n+00047cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047cc0: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 2920 2020 crashes (5) \n+00047cd0: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 crashes (5).6\n+00047ce0: 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 4-bit kFreeBSD \n+00047cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047d00: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 2920 crashes (5) \n+00047d10: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 crashes (5)\n+00047d20: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 .32-bit kNetBSD \n+00047d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047d40: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 crashes (1\n+00047d50: 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 ) crashes (\n+00047d60: 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 1).64-bit kNetBS\n+00047d70: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n+00047d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00047d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d yes.32-\n+00047da0: 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 bit kOpenBSD \n+00047db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047dc0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047dd0: 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f yes.64-bit kO\n+00047de0: 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 penBSD \n+00047df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+00047e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047e10: 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 .Multiboot \n 00047e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00047e40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00047e50: 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 .Multiboot2 \n+00047e30: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047e40: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 yes.Multi\n+00047e50: 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 boot2 \n 00047e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047e70: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047e80: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 yes.32-bi\n-00047e90: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 t Linux (legacy \n-00047ea0: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-00047eb0: 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047ec0: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c no (1).64-bit L\n-00047ed0: 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f inux (legacy pro\n-00047ee0: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 tocol) no \n-00047ef0: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (1) no\n-00047f00: 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 (1).32-bit Linu\n-00047f10: 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 x (modern protoc\n-00047f20: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 ol) yes \n-00047f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 yes.6\n-00047f40: 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 4-bit Linux (mod\n-00047f50: 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 ern protocol) \n-00047f60: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047f70: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 yes.32-bit \n-00047f80: 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n-00047f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f20 ? \n-00047fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f ?\n-00047fb0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 .64-bit XNU \n+00047e70: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047e80: 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 yes.32-bit Linu\n+00047e90: 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 x (legacy protoc\n+00047ea0: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 ol) no (1)\n+00047eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00047ec0: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 ).64-bit Linux (\n+00047ed0: 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 legacy protocol)\n+00047ee0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 no (1) \n+00047ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 no (1).3\n+00047f00: 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 2-bit Linux (mod\n+00047f10: 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 ern protocol) \n+00047f20: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047f30: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 yes.64-bit \n+00047f40: 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 Linux (modern pr\n+00047f50: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 otocol) ye\n+00047f60: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n+00047f70: 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 es.32-bit XNU \n+00047f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f20 2020 2020 2020 ? \n+00047fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 ?.64-bi\n+00047fb0: 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t XNU \n 00047fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047fd0: 2020 2020 2020 3f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n-00047fe0: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 ?.32-bit \n-00047ff0: 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 EFI chainloader \n-00048000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-00048010: 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (2) n\n-00048020: 6f20 2832 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 o (2).64-bit EFI\n-00048030: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 chainloader \n-00048040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n-00048050: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n-00048060: 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2).Appleloader \n+00047fd0: 3f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n+00047fe0: 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 ?.32-bit EFI ch\n+00047ff0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ainloader \n+00048000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 no (2) \n+00048010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a no (2).\n+00048020: 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 64-bit EFI chain\n+00048030: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+00048040: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00048050: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 no (2).App\n+00048060: 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 leloader \n 00048070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 no (2) \n-00048090: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a no (2).\n-000480a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00048080: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00048090: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 no (2).. \n+000480a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 000480b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000480c0: 2020 2020 2020 6961 3332 2045 4649 2020 ia32 EFI \n-000480d0: 2020 2020 2020 2061 6d64 3634 2045 4649 amd64 EFI\n-000480e0: 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 .BIOS chainloadi\n-000480f0: 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng \n-00048100: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00048110: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 no (1).NT\n-00048120: 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 LDR \n-00048130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048140: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00048150: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 no (1).Plan9\n+000480c0: 6961 3332 2045 4649 2020 2020 2020 2020 ia32 EFI \n+000480d0: 2061 6d64 3634 2045 4649 0a42 494f 5320 amd64 EFI.BIOS \n+000480e0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 chainloading \n+000480f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048100: 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00048110: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 no (1).NTLDR \n+00048120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00048140: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (1) no\n+00048150: 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 (1).Plan9 \n 00048160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048180: 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00048190: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 444f 5320 no (1).FreeDOS \n+00048170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+00048180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00048190: 290a 4672 6565 444f 5320 2020 2020 2020 ).FreeDOS \n 000481a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000481b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-000481c0: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (1) no\n-000481d0: 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f (1).FreeBSD boo\n-000481e0: 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 tloader \n-000481f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 crashe\n-00048200: 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 s (1) crash\n-00048210: 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 es (1).32-bit kF\n-00048220: 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 reeBSD \n-00048230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 head\n-00048240: 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 less hea\n-00048250: 646c 6573 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 dless.64-bit kFr\n-00048260: 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eeBSD \n-00048270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c headl\n-00048280: 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 ess head\n-00048290: 6c65 7373 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 less.32-bit kNet\n-000482a0: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n-000482b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 crashe\n-000482c0: 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 s (1) crash\n-000482d0: 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e es (1).64-bit kN\n-000482e0: 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 etBSD \n-000482f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00048300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00048310: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 .32-bit kOpenBSD\n+000481b0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 no (1) \n+000481c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 no (1).F\n+000481d0: 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 reeBSD bootloade\n+000481e0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+000481f0: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 crashes (1) \n+00048200: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n+00048210: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 .32-bit kFreeBSD\n+00048220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048230: 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 headless \n+00048240: 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a headless.\n+00048250: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 64-bit kFreeBSD \n+00048260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048270: 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 headless \n+00048280: 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a33 headless.3\n+00048290: 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2-bit kNetBSD \n+000482a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000482b0: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 crashes (1) \n+000482c0: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n+000482d0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 .64-bit kNetBSD \n+000482e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000482f0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048300: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 yes.32-bi\n+00048310: 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kOpenBSD \n 00048320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048330: 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 headless \n-00048340: 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a headless.\n-00048350: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 64-bit kOpenBSD \n-00048360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048370: 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 headless \n-00048380: 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a4d headless.M\n-00048390: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 ultiboot \n-000483a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000483b0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000483c0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f yes.Multibo\n-000483d0: 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot2 \n-000483e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-000483f0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n-00048400: 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 es.32-bit Linux \n-00048410: 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (legacy protocol\n-00048420: 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 ) no (1) \n-00048430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n-00048440: 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 64-bit Linux (le\n-00048450: 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 gacy protocol) \n-00048460: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00048470: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d no (1).32-\n-00048480: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 bit Linux (moder\n-00048490: 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 n protocol) \n-000484a0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000484b0: 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 yes.64-bit Li\n-000484c0: 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 nux (modern prot\n-000484d0: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 ocol) yes \n-000484e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-000484f0: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 .32-bit XNU \n+00048330: 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 headless \n+00048340: 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 3634 2d62 6974 headless.64-bit\n+00048350: 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n+00048360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 h\n+00048370: 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 eadless \n+00048380: 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a4d 756c 7469 626f headless.Multibo\n+00048390: 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot \n+000483a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+000483b0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n+000483c0: 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 es.Multiboot2 \n+000483d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000483e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+000483f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d yes.32-\n+00048400: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 bit Linux (legac\n+00048410: 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 y protocol) \n+00048420: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00048430: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 no (1).64-bit\n+00048440: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 Linux (legacy p\n+00048450: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e rotocol) n\n+00048460: 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (1) \n+00048470: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 no (1).32-bit Li\n+00048480: 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 nux (modern prot\n+00048490: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 ocol) yes \n+000484a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+000484b0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d .64-bit Linux (m\n+000484c0: 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 odern protocol) \n+000484d0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000484e0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 yes.32-bi\n+000484f0: 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t XNU \n 00048500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048510: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048520: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 yes.64-bi\n-00048530: 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t XNU \n-00048540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048550: 7965 7320 2834 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes (4) \n-00048560: 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 yes.32-bit EFI \n-00048570: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 chainloader \n-00048580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00048590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2833 no (3\n-000485a0: 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 ).64-bit EFI cha\n-000485b0: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 inloader \n-000485c0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2833 2920 2020 no (3) \n-000485d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4170 706c yes.Appl\n-000485e0: 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 eloader \n-000485f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048600: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048610: 2020 7965 730a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes.. \n+00048510: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048520: 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 yes.64-bit XNU \n+00048530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2834 yes (4\n+00048550: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 ) yes.3\n+00048560: 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 2-bit EFI chainl\n+00048570: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n+00048580: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048590: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2833 290a 3634 2d62 no (3).64-b\n+000485a0: 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 it EFI chainload\n+000485b0: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n+000485c0: 206e 6f20 2833 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (3) \n+000485d0: 2020 7965 730a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 yes.Appleloade\n+000485e0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+000485f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00048600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+00048610: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n 00048620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6961 3332 ia32\n-00048640: 2049 4545 4531 3237 350a 4249 4f53 2063 IEEE1275.BIOS c\n-00048650: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 hainloading \n-00048660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-00048670: 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 o (1).NTLDR \n+00048630: 2020 2020 2020 6961 3332 2049 4545 4531 ia32 IEEE1\n+00048640: 3237 350a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 275.BIOS chainlo\n+00048650: 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ading \n+00048660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n+00048670: 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NTLDR \n 00048680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-000486a0: 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 ).Plan9 \n+00048690: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e no (1).Plan\n+000486a0: 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 9 \n 000486b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000486c0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 no (1).Fr\n-000486d0: 6565 444f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eeDOS \n-000486e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000486f0: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 no (1).FreeBS\n-00048700: 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 D bootloader \n-00048710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n-00048720: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 rashes (1).32-bi\n-00048730: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kFreeBSD \n-00048740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048750: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3634 2d62 crashes (5).64-b\n-00048760: 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kFreeBSD \n-00048770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048780: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a33 322d crashes (5).32-\n-00048790: 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 bit kNetBSD \n-000487a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000487b0: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 crashes (1).64\n-000487c0: 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 -bit kNetBSD \n-000487d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000487e0: 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 ?.32-bit kOpe\n-000487f0: 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nBSD \n-00048800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 ?.64-b\n-00048810: 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kOpenBSD \n-00048820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048830: 203f 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 ?.Multiboot \n+000486c0: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 444f 5320 no (1).FreeDOS \n+000486d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000486e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+000486f0: 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 (1).FreeBSD boot\n+00048700: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+00048710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n+00048720: 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 (1).32-bit kFre\n+00048730: 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eBSD \n+00048740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 crashe\n+00048750: 7320 2835 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 s (5).64-bit kFr\n+00048760: 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eeBSD \n+00048770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 crash\n+00048780: 6573 2028 3529 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e es (5).32-bit kN\n+00048790: 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 etBSD \n+000487a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 cras\n+000487b0: 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b hes (1).64-bit k\n+000487c0: 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NetBSD \n+000487d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 ?.3\n+000487e0: 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2-bit kOpenBSD \n+000487f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048800: 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 ?.64-bit kOp\n+00048810: 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enBSD \n+00048820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a4d 756c ?.Mul\n+00048830: 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tiboot \n 00048840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 4d75 6c74 6962 ?.Multib\n-00048860: 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot2 \n-00048870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f ?\n-00048880: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c .32-bit Linux (l\n-00048890: 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 egacy protocol) \n-000488a0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d no (1).64-\n-000488b0: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 bit Linux (legac\n-000488c0: 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 y protocol) \n-000488d0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 no (1).32-bit \n-000488e0: 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 Linux (modern pr\n-000488f0: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 3f0a otocol) ?.\n-00048900: 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 64-bit Linux (mo\n-00048910: 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 dern protocol) \n-00048920: 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e ?.32-bit XN\n-00048930: 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 U \n-00048940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 ?.64\n-00048950: 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 -bit XNU \n-00048960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048970: 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 ?.32-bit EFI \n-00048980: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 chainloader \n-00048990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n-000489a0: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 .64-bit EFI chai\n-000489b0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 nloader \n-000489c0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 no (2).App\n-000489d0: 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 leloader \n-000489e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000489f0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 no (2).. 1. R\n-00048a00: 6571 7569 7265 7320 4249 4f53 0a20 2032 equires BIOS. 2\n-00048a10: 2e20 4546 4920 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2033 2e20 . EFI only. 3. \n-00048a20: 3332 2d62 6974 2061 6e64 2036 342d 6269 32-bit and 64-bi\n-00048a30: 7420 4546 4920 6861 7665 2064 6966 6665 t EFI have diffe\n-00048a40: 7265 6e74 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 rent structures \n-00048a50: 616e 6420 776f 726b 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 and work in. \n-00048a60: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2043 5055 206d different CPU m\n-00048a70: 6f64 6573 2073 6f20 6974 2773 206e 6f74 odes so it's not\n-00048a80: 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 2063 6861 possible to cha\n-00048a90: 696e 6c6f 6164 2033 322d 6269 740a 2020 inload 32-bit. \n-00048aa0: 2020 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 6f6e bootloader on\n-00048ab0: 2036 342d 6269 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 64-bit platform\n-00048ac0: 2061 6e64 2076 6963 652d 7665 7273 610a and vice-versa.\n-00048ad0: 2020 342e 2053 6f6d 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 4. Some module\n-00048ae0: 7320 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6265 s may need to be\n-00048af0: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 640a 2020 352e 2052 disabled. 5. R\n-00048b00: 6571 7569 7265 7320 4143 5049 0a0a 2020 equires ACPI.. \n-00048b10: 2050 6f77 6572 5043 2c20 4941 3634 2061 PowerPC, IA64 a\n-00048b20: 6e64 2053 7061 7263 3634 2070 6f72 7473 nd Sparc64 ports\n-00048b30: 2073 7570 706f 7274 206f 6e6c 7920 4c69 support only Li\n-00048b40: 6e75 782e 2020 4d49 5053 2070 6f72 740a nux. MIPS port.\n-00048b50: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 204c 696e 7578 2061 supports Linux a\n-00048b60: 6e64 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 322e 0a0a nd multiboot2...\n-00048b70: 3232 2e31 2042 6f6f 7420 7465 7374 730a 22.1 Boot tests.\n-00048b80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00048b90: 0a41 7320 796f 7520 6861 7665 2073 6565 .As you have see\n-00048ba0: 6e20 696e 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 6368 n in previous ch\n-00048bb0: 6170 7465 7220 7468 6520 7375 7070 6f72 apter the suppor\n-00048bc0: 7420 6d61 7472 6978 2069 7320 7072 6574 t matrix is pret\n-00048bd0: 7479 2062 6967 0a61 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 ty big.and some \n-00048be0: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 of the configura\n-00048bf0: 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6f6e 6c79 2072 tions are only r\n-00048c00: 6172 656c 7920 7573 6564 2e20 2054 6f20 arely used. To \n-00048c10: 656e 7375 7265 2074 6865 0a71 7561 6c69 ensure the.quali\n-00048c20: 7479 2062 6f6f 7463 6865 636b 7320 6172 ty bootchecks ar\n-00048c30: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f 7220 e available for \n-00048c40: 616c 6c20 7838 3620 7461 7267 6574 7320 all x86 targets \n-00048c50: 6578 6365 7074 2045 4649 0a63 6861 696e except EFI.chain\n-00048c60: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 4170 706c 656c 6f61 loader, Appleloa\n-00048c70: 6465 7220 616e 6420 584e 552e 2041 6c6c der and XNU. All\n-00048c80: 2078 3836 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 x86 platforms h\n-00048c90: 6176 6520 626f 6f74 6368 6563 6b0a 6661 ave bootcheck.fa\n-00048ca0: 6369 6c69 7479 2065 7863 6570 7420 6965 cility except ie\n-00048cb0: 6565 3132 3735 2e20 204d 756c 7469 626f ee1275. Multibo\n-00048cc0: 6f74 2c20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2c20 ot, multiboot2, \n-00048cd0: 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 BIOS chainloader\n-00048ce0: 2c0a 6e74 6c64 7220 616e 6420 6672 6565 ,.ntldr and free\n-00048cf0: 6273 642d 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2062 bsd-bootloader b\n-00048d00: 6f6f 7420 7461 7267 6574 7320 6172 6520 oot targets are \n-00048d10: 7465 7374 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7769 7468 tested only with\n-00048d20: 2061 2066 616b 650a 6b65 726e 656c 2069 a fake.kernel i\n-00048d30: 6d61 6765 732e 2020 4f6e 6c79 204c 696e mages. Only Lin\n-00048d40: 7578 2069 7320 7465 7374 6564 2061 6d6f ux is tested amo\n-00048d50: 6e67 2074 6865 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 ng the payloads \n-00048d60: 7573 696e 6720 4c69 6e75 780a 7072 6f74 using Linux.prot\n-00048d70: 6f63 6f6c 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f6c 6c6f ocols... Follo\n-00048d80: 7769 6e67 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 206d wing variables m\n-00048d90: 7573 7420 6265 2064 6566 696e 6564 3a0a ust be defined:.\n-00048da0: 0a47 5255 425f 5041 594c 4f41 4453 5f44 .GRUB_PAYLOADS_D\n-00048db0: 4952 2020 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 IR director\n-00048dc0: 7920 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 y containing the\n-00048dd0: 2072 6571 7569 7265 6420 6b65 726e 656c required kernel\n-00048de0: 730a 4752 5542 5f43 4246 5354 4f4f 4c20 s.GRUB_CBFSTOOL \n-00048df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6266 7374 6f6f cbfstoo\n-00048e00: 6c20 6672 6f6d 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 l from Coreboot \n-00048e10: 7061 636b 6167 6520 2866 6f72 2063 6f72 package (for cor\n-00048e20: 6562 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eboot. \n-00048e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 pla\n-00048e40: 7466 6f72 6d20 6f6e 6c79 290a 4752 5542 tform only).GRUB\n-00048e50: 5f43 4f52 4542 4f4f 545f 524f 4d20 2020 _COREBOOT_ROM \n-00048e60: 2020 2065 6d70 7479 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f empty Coreboo\n-00048e70: 7420 524f 4d0a 4752 5542 5f51 454d 555f t ROM.GRUB_QEMU_\n-00048e80: 4f50 5453 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6464 OPTS add\n-00048e90: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 itional options \n-00048ea0: 746f 2062 6520 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2074 to be supplied t\n-00048eb0: 6f20 5145 4d55 0a0a 2020 2052 6571 7569 o QEMU.. Requi\n-00048ec0: 7265 6420 6669 6c65 7320 6172 653a 0a0a red files are:..\n-00048ed0: 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f65 6e76 2e69 3338 kfreebsd_env.i38\n-00048ee0: 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 6 32\n-00048ef0: 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 6465 -bit kFreeBSD de\n-00048f00: 7669 6365 2068 696e 7473 0a6b 6672 6565 vice hints.kfree\n-00048f10: 6273 642e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 bsd.i386 \n-00048f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 32-bit \n-00048f30: 4672 6565 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 FreeBSD kernel i\n-00048f40: 6d61 6765 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 642e 7838 mage.kfreebsd.x8\n-00048f50: 365f 3634 2c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6_64, \n-00048f60: 2020 2073 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d same from 64-\n-00048f70: 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 0a6b 6672 bit kFreeBSD.kfr\n-00048f80: 6565 6273 645f 656e 762e 7838 365f 3634 eebsd_env.x86_64\n-00048f90: 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 2e69 3338 3620 2020 .knetbsd.i386 \n-00048fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 3\n-00048fb0: 322d 6269 7420 4e65 7442 5344 206b 6572 2-bit NetBSD ker\n-00048fc0: 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 650a 6b6e 6574 6273 nel image.knetbs\n-00048fd0: 642e 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e69 3338 3620 d.miniroot.i386 \n-00048fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 206b 32-bit k\n-00048ff0: 4e65 7442 5344 206d 696e 6972 6f6f 742e NetBSD miniroot.\n-00049000: 6b6d 6f64 2e0a 6b6e 6574 6273 642e 7838 kmod..knetbsd.x8\n-00049010: 365f 3634 2c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6_64, \n-00049020: 2020 2020 7361 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 3634 same from 64\n-00049030: 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 0a6b 6e65 -bit kNetBSD.kne\n-00049040: 7462 7364 2e6d 696e 6972 6f6f 742e 7838 tbsd.miniroot.x8\n-00049050: 365f 3634 0a6b 6f70 656e 6273 642e 6933 6_64.kopenbsd.i3\n-00049060: 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 86 \n-00049070: 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 4f70 656e 4253 32-bit OpenBS\n-00049080: 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2062 7364 2e72 6420 D kernel bsd.rd \n-00049090: 696d 6167 650a 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 2e78 image.kopenbsd.x\n-000490a0: 3836 5f36 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 86_64 \n-000490b0: 2020 2020 7361 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 3634 same from 64\n-000490c0: 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 440a 6c69 -bit kOpenBSD.li\n-000490d0: 6e75 782e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 nux.i386 \n-000490e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 32-b\n-000490f0: 6974 204c 696e 7578 0a6c 696e 7578 2e78 it Linux.linux.x\n-00049100: 3836 5f36 3420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 86_64 \n-00049110: 2020 2020 2020 2036 342d 6269 7420 4c69 64-bit Li\n-00049120: 6e75 780a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 nux....File: gru\n-00049130: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 b.info, Node: T\n-00049140: 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 roubleshooting, \n-00049150: 204e 6578 743a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 Next: User-spac\n-00049160: 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 5072 e utilities, Pr\n-00049170: 6576 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 ev: Supported ke\n-00049180: 726e 656c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a rnels, Up: Top.\n-00049190: 0a32 3320 4572 726f 7220 6d65 7373 6167 .23 Error messag\n-000491a0: 6573 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 2047 es produced by G\n-000491b0: 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a RUB.************\n+00048850: 2020 3f0a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 ?.Multiboot2 \n+00048860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 ?.32-bi\n+00048880: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 t Linux (legacy \n+00048890: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+000488a0: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 no (1).64-bit Li\n+000488b0: 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 nux (legacy prot\n+000488c0: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ocol) no (\n+000488d0: 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 1).32-bit Linux \n+000488e0: 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (modern protocol\n+000488f0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 ) ?.64-bit\n+00048900: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 Linux (modern p\n+00048910: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 203f rotocol) ?\n+00048920: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 .32-bit XNU \n+00048930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048940: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 ?.64-bit X\n+00048950: 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NU \n+00048960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 ?.3\n+00048970: 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 2-bit EFI chainl\n+00048980: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n+00048990: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 342d 6269 no (2).64-bi\n+000489a0: 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 t EFI chainloade\n+000489b0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+000489c0: 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 no (2).Appleload\n+000489d0: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er \n+000489e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+000489f0: 3229 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 6571 7569 7265 2).. 1. Require\n+00048a00: 7320 4249 4f53 0a20 2032 2e20 4546 4920 s BIOS. 2. EFI \n+00048a10: 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2033 2e20 3332 2d62 6974 only. 3. 32-bit\n+00048a20: 2061 6e64 2036 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 and 64-bit EFI \n+00048a30: 6861 7665 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2073 have different s\n+00048a40: 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 616e 6420 776f tructures and wo\n+00048a50: 726b 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2064 6966 6665 rk in. diffe\n+00048a60: 7265 6e74 2043 5055 206d 6f64 6573 2073 rent CPU modes s\n+00048a70: 6f20 6974 2773 206e 6f74 2070 6f73 7369 o it's not possi\n+00048a80: 626c 6520 746f 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 ble to chainload\n+00048a90: 2033 322d 6269 740a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 32-bit. boo\n+00048aa0: 746c 6f61 6465 7220 6f6e 2036 342d 6269 tloader on 64-bi\n+00048ab0: 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 2061 6e64 2076 t platform and v\n+00048ac0: 6963 652d 7665 7273 610a 2020 342e 2053 ice-versa. 4. S\n+00048ad0: 6f6d 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6d61 7920 ome modules may \n+00048ae0: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6973 6162 need to be disab\n+00048af0: 6c65 640a 2020 352e 2052 6571 7569 7265 led. 5. Require\n+00048b00: 7320 4143 5049 0a0a 2020 2050 6f77 6572 s ACPI.. Power\n+00048b10: 5043 2c20 4941 3634 2061 6e64 2053 7061 PC, IA64 and Spa\n+00048b20: 7263 3634 2070 6f72 7473 2073 7570 706f rc64 ports suppo\n+00048b30: 7274 206f 6e6c 7920 4c69 6e75 782e 2020 rt only Linux. \n+00048b40: 4d49 5053 2070 6f72 740a 7375 7070 6f72 MIPS port.suppor\n+00048b50: 7473 204c 696e 7578 2061 6e64 206d 756c ts Linux and mul\n+00048b60: 7469 626f 6f74 322e 0a0a 3232 2e31 2042 tiboot2...22.1 B\n+00048b70: 6f6f 7420 7465 7374 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d oot tests.======\n+00048b80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 7320 796f =========..As yo\n+00048b90: 7520 6861 7665 2073 6565 6e20 696e 2070 u have seen in p\n+00048ba0: 7265 7669 6f75 7320 6368 6170 7465 7220 revious chapter \n+00048bb0: 7468 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6d61 7472 the support matr\n+00048bc0: 6978 2069 7320 7072 6574 7479 2062 6967 ix is pretty big\n+00048bd0: 0a61 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 .and some of the\n+00048be0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 configurations \n+00048bf0: 6172 6520 6f6e 6c79 2072 6172 656c 7920 are only rarely \n+00048c00: 7573 6564 2e20 2054 6f20 656e 7375 7265 used. To ensure\n+00048c10: 2074 6865 0a71 7561 6c69 7479 2062 6f6f the.quality boo\n+00048c20: 7463 6865 636b 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 tchecks are avai\n+00048c30: 6c61 626c 6520 666f 7220 616c 6c20 7838 lable for all x8\n+00048c40: 3620 7461 7267 6574 7320 6578 6365 7074 6 targets except\n+00048c50: 2045 4649 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 EFI.chainloader\n+00048c60: 2c20 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 616e , Appleloader an\n+00048c70: 6420 584e 552e 2041 6c6c 2078 3836 2070 d XNU. All x86 p\n+00048c80: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 6520 626f latforms have bo\n+00048c90: 6f74 6368 6563 6b0a 6661 6369 6c69 7479 otcheck.facility\n+00048ca0: 2065 7863 6570 7420 6965 6565 3132 3735 except ieee1275\n+00048cb0: 2e20 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 6d75 . Multiboot, mu\n+00048cc0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2c20 4249 4f53 2063 ltiboot2, BIOS c\n+00048cd0: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c0a 6e74 6c64 hainloader,.ntld\n+00048ce0: 7220 616e 6420 6672 6565 6273 642d 626f r and freebsd-bo\n+00048cf0: 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 7461 otloader boot ta\n+00048d00: 7267 6574 7320 6172 6520 7465 7374 6564 rgets are tested\n+00048d10: 206f 6e6c 7920 7769 7468 2061 2066 616b only with a fak\n+00048d20: 650a 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 732e e.kernel images.\n+00048d30: 2020 4f6e 6c79 204c 696e 7578 2069 7320 Only Linux is \n+00048d40: 7465 7374 6564 2061 6d6f 6e67 2074 6865 tested among the\n+00048d50: 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 7573 696e 6720 payloads using \n+00048d60: 4c69 6e75 780a 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 732e Linux.protocols.\n+00048d70: 0a0a 2020 2046 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2076 .. Following v\n+00048d80: 6172 6961 626c 6573 206d 7573 7420 6265 ariables must be\n+00048d90: 2064 6566 696e 6564 3a0a 0a47 5255 425f defined:..GRUB_\n+00048da0: 5041 594c 4f41 4453 5f44 4952 2020 2020 PAYLOADS_DIR \n+00048db0: 2020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 636f 6e74 directory cont\n+00048dc0: 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 aining the requi\n+00048dd0: 7265 6420 6b65 726e 656c 730a 4752 5542 red kernels.GRUB\n+00048de0: 5f43 4246 5354 4f4f 4c20 2020 2020 2020 _CBFSTOOL \n+00048df0: 2020 2063 6266 7374 6f6f 6c20 6672 6f6d cbfstool from\n+00048e00: 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 7061 636b 6167 Coreboot packag\n+00048e10: 6520 2866 6f72 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 740a e (for coreboot.\n+00048e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048e30: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 platform \n+00048e40: 6f6e 6c79 290a 4752 5542 5f43 4f52 4542 only).GRUB_COREB\n+00048e50: 4f4f 545f 524f 4d20 2020 2020 2065 6d70 OOT_ROM emp\n+00048e60: 7479 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 524f 4d0a ty Coreboot ROM.\n+00048e70: 4752 5542 5f51 454d 555f 4f50 5453 2020 GRUB_QEMU_OPTS \n+00048e80: 2020 2020 2020 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 additiona\n+00048e90: 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2062 6520 l options to be \n+00048ea0: 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2074 6f20 5145 4d55 supplied to QEMU\n+00048eb0: 0a0a 2020 2052 6571 7569 7265 6420 6669 .. Required fi\n+00048ec0: 6c65 7320 6172 653a 0a0a 6b66 7265 6562 les are:..kfreeb\n+00048ed0: 7364 5f65 6e76 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 sd_env.i386 \n+00048ee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 206b 32-bit k\n+00048ef0: 4672 6565 4253 4420 6465 7669 6365 2068 FreeBSD device h\n+00048f00: 696e 7473 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 642e 6933 ints.kfreebsd.i3\n+00048f10: 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 86 \n+00048f20: 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 4672 6565 4253 32-bit FreeBS\n+00048f30: 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 0a6b D kernel image.k\n+00048f40: 6672 6565 6273 642e 7838 365f 3634 2c20 freebsd.x86_64, \n+00048f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 616d sam\n+00048f60: 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 7420 6b46 e from 64-bit kF\n+00048f70: 7265 6542 5344 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 645f reeBSD.kfreebsd_\n+00048f80: 656e 762e 7838 365f 3634 0a6b 6e65 7462 env.x86_64.knetb\n+00048f90: 7364 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 sd.i386 \n+00048fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 32-bit \n+00048fb0: 4e65 7442 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d NetBSD kernel im\n+00048fc0: 6167 650a 6b6e 6574 6273 642e 6d69 6e69 age.knetbsd.mini\n+00048fd0: 726f 6f74 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 root.i386 \n+00048fe0: 2020 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 32-bit kNetBSD\n+00048ff0: 206d 696e 6972 6f6f 742e 6b6d 6f64 2e0a miniroot.kmod..\n+00049000: 6b6e 6574 6273 642e 7838 365f 3634 2c20 knetbsd.x86_64, \n+00049010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7361 sa\n+00049020: 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 206b me from 64-bit k\n+00049030: 4e65 7442 5344 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 2e6d NetBSD.knetbsd.m\n+00049040: 696e 6972 6f6f 742e 7838 365f 3634 0a6b iniroot.x86_64.k\n+00049050: 6f70 656e 6273 642e 6933 3836 2020 2020 openbsd.i386 \n+00049060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 32-\n+00049070: 6269 7420 4f70 656e 4253 4420 6b65 726e bit OpenBSD kern\n+00049080: 656c 2062 7364 2e72 6420 696d 6167 650a el bsd.rd image.\n+00049090: 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 3420 kopenbsd.x86_64 \n+000490a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7361 sa\n+000490b0: 6d65 2066 726f 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 206b me from 64-bit k\n+000490c0: 4f70 656e 4253 440a 6c69 6e75 782e 6933 OpenBSD.linux.i3\n+000490d0: 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 86 \n+000490e0: 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 32-bit Lin\n+000490f0: 7578 0a6c 696e 7578 2e78 3836 5f36 3420 ux.linux.x86_64 \n+00049100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00049110: 2036 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 780a 0a1f 64-bit Linux...\n+00049120: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00049130: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 , Node: Trouble\n+00049140: 7368 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a shooting, Next:\n+00049150: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n+00049160: 6974 6965 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5375 ities, Prev: Su\n+00049170: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 732c pported kernels,\n+00049180: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3320 4572 Up: Top..23 Er\n+00049190: 726f 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2070 726f ror messages pro\n+000491a0: 6475 6365 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2a2a duced by GRUB.**\n+000491b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 000491c0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000491d0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a ******..* Menu:.\n-000491e0: 0a2a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 .* GRUB only off\n-000491f0: 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 ers a rescue she\n-00049200: 6c6c 3a3a 0a2a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 ll::.* Firmware \n-00049210: 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f stalls instead o\n-00049220: 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a f booting GRUB::\n-00049230: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00049240: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4752 5542 nfo, Node: GRUB\n-00049250: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 only offers a r\n-00049260: 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2020 4e65 escue shell, Ne\n-00049270: 7874 3a20 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 xt: Firmware sta\n-00049280: 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 lls instead of b\n-00049290: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5570 ooting GRUB, Up\n-000492a0: 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e : Troubleshootin\n-000492b0: 670a 0a32 332e 3120 4752 5542 206f 6e6c g..23.1 GRUB onl\n-000492c0: 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 y offers a rescu\n-000492d0: 6520 7368 656c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d e shell.========\n+000491d0: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 5255 ..* Menu:..* GRU\n+000491e0: 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 B only offers a \n+000491f0: 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 3a3a 0a2a rescue shell::.*\n+00049200: 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 Firmware stalls\n+00049210: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 instead of boot\n+00049220: 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ing GRUB::....Fi\n+00049230: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00049240: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 Node: GRUB only \n+00049250: 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 offers a rescue \n+00049260: 7368 656c 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 shell, Next: Fi\n+00049270: 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e rmware stalls in\n+00049280: 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 stead of booting\n+00049290: 2047 5255 422c 2020 5570 3a20 5472 6f75 GRUB, Up: Trou\n+000492a0: 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 670a 0a32 332e bleshooting..23.\n+000492b0: 3120 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 1 GRUB only offe\n+000492c0: 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c rs a rescue shel\n+000492d0: 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d l.==============\n 000492e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000492f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 ============..GR\n-00049300: 5542 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7374 6172 UB's normal star\n-00049310: 742d 7570 2070 726f 6365 6475 7265 2069 t-up procedure i\n-00049320: 6e76 6f6c 7665 7320 7365 7474 696e 6720 nvolves setting \n-00049330: 7468 6520 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 the ...prefix...\n-00049340: 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 .environment var\n-00049350: 6961 626c 6520 746f 2061 2076 616c 7565 iable to a value\n-00049360: 2073 6574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 7265 set in the core\n-00049370: 2069 6d61 6765 2062 7920 e280 9867 7275 image by ...gru\n-00049380: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2c0a 7365 b-install...,.se\n-00049390: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 9872 6f6f tting the ...roo\n-000493a0: 74e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f t... variable to\n-000493b0: 206d 6174 6368 2c20 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 match, loading \n-000493c0: 7468 6520 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 the ...normal...\n-000493d0: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6672 6f6d 0a74 6865 module from.the\n-000493e0: 2070 7265 6669 782c 2061 6e64 2072 756e prefix, and run\n-000493f0: 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d ning the ...norm\n-00049400: 616c e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a al... command (*\n-00049410: 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 note normal::). \n-00049420: 2054 6869 730a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 This.command is\n-00049430: 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 responsible for\n-00049440: 2072 6561 6469 6e67 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f reading .../boo\n-00049450: 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 t/grub/grub.cfg.\n-00049460: 8099 2c20 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 650a .., running the.\n-00049470: 6d65 6e75 2c20 616e 6420 646f 696e 6720 menu, and doing \n-00049480: 616c 6c20 7468 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 all the useful t\n-00049490: 6869 6e67 7320 4752 5542 2069 7320 7375 hings GRUB is su\n-000494a0: 7070 6f73 6564 2074 6f20 646f 2e0a 0a20 pposed to do... \n-000494b0: 2020 4966 2c20 696e 7374 6561 642c 2079 If, instead, y\n-000494c0: 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 6765 7420 6120 7265 ou only get a re\n-000494d0: 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 7468 6973 scue shell, this\n-000494e0: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206d 6561 6e73 2074 usually means t\n-000494f0: 6861 740a 4752 5542 2066 6169 6c65 6420 hat.GRUB failed \n-00049500: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 e280 986e to load the ...n\n-00049510: 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6520 ormal... module \n-00049520: 666f 7220 736f 6d65 2072 6561 736f 6e2e for some reason.\n-00049530: 2020 4974 206d 6179 2062 650a 706f 7373 It may be.poss\n-00049540: 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2061 726f ible to work aro\n-00049550: 756e 6420 7468 6973 2074 656d 706f 7261 und this tempora\n-00049560: 7269 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 696e 7374 616e rily: for instan\n-00049570: 6365 2c20 6966 2074 6865 2072 6561 736f ce, if the reaso\n-00049580: 6e0a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6661 696c 7572 n.for the failur\n-00049590: 6520 6973 2074 6861 7420 e280 9870 7265 e is that ...pre\n-000495a0: 6669 78e2 8099 2069 7320 7772 6f6e 6720 fix... is wrong \n-000495b0: 2870 6572 6861 7073 2069 7420 7265 6665 (perhaps it refe\n-000495c0: 7273 2074 6f20 7468 650a 7772 6f6e 6720 rs to the.wrong \n-000495d0: 6465 7669 6365 2c20 6f72 2070 6572 6861 device, or perha\n-000495e0: 7073 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 746f 20e2 ps the path to .\n-000495f0: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 9920 ../boot/grub... \n-00049600: 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c was not correctl\n-00049610: 7920 6d61 6465 0a72 656c 6174 6976 6520 y made.relative \n-00049620: 746f 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6529 2c20 to the device), \n-00049630: 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2063 6f72 then you can cor\n-00049640: 7265 6374 2074 6869 7320 616e 6420 656e rect this and en\n-00049650: 7465 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 650a ter normal mode.\n-00049660: 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 manually:.. \n-00049670: 2320 496e 7370 6563 7420 7468 6520 6375 # Inspect the cu\n-00049680: 7272 656e 7420 7072 6566 6978 2028 616e rrent prefix (an\n-00049690: 6420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 6573 6574 2076 d other preset v\n-000496a0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 293a 0a20 2020 2020 ariables):. \n-000496b0: 7365 740a 2020 2020 2023 2046 696e 6420 set. # Find \n-000496c0: 6f75 7420 7768 6963 6820 6465 7669 6365 out which device\n-000496d0: 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 653a s are available:\n-000496e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 2320 . ls. # \n-000496f0: 5365 7420 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 Set to the corre\n-00049700: 6374 2076 616c 7565 2c20 7768 6963 6820 ct value, which \n-00049710: 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 might be somethi\n-00049720: 6e67 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 2020 ng like this:. \n-00049730: 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2868 set prefix=(h\n-00049740: 6430 2c31 292f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 d0,1)/grub. \n-00049750: 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 set root=(hd0,1)\n-00049760: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e 6f72 . insmod nor\n-00049770: 6d61 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a mal. normal.\n-00049780: 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2061 6e79 . However, any\n-00049790: 2070 726f 626c 656d 2074 6861 7420 6c65 problem that le\n-000497a0: 6176 6573 2079 6f75 2069 6e20 7468 6520 aves you in the \n-000497b0: 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2070 726f rescue shell pro\n-000497c0: 6261 626c 790a 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 bably.means that\n-000497d0: 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 636f GRUB was not co\n-000497e0: 7272 6563 746c 7920 696e 7374 616c 6c65 rrectly installe\n-000497f0: 642e 2020 4974 206d 6179 2062 6520 6d6f d. It may be mo\n-00049800: 7265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 0a74 7279 re useful to.try\n-00049810: 2074 6f20 7265 696e 7374 616c 6c20 6974 to reinstall it\n-00049820: 2070 726f 7065 726c 7920 7573 696e 6720 properly using \n-00049830: e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 ...grub-install \n-00049840: 4445 5649 4345 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 DEVICE... (*note\n-00049850: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 7562 2d69 Invoking.grub-i\n-00049860: 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 2020 5768 656e nstall::). When\n-00049870: 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 732c 2074 6865 doing this, the\n-00049880: 7265 2061 7265 2061 2066 6577 2074 6869 re are a few thi\n-00049890: 6e67 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 723a ngs to remember:\n-000498a0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2044 7269 7665 206f .. ... Drive o\n-000498b0: 7264 6572 696e 6720 696e 2079 6f75 7220 rdering in your \n-000498c0: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-000498d0: 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 7468 6520 may not be the \n-000498e0: 7361 6d65 2061 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 same as the. \n-000498f0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6472 6976 6520 6f72 6465 boot drive orde\n-00049900: 7269 6e67 2075 7365 6420 6279 2079 6f75 ring used by you\n-00049910: 7220 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2044 6f20 r firmware. Do \n-00049920: 6e6f 7420 6173 7375 6d65 2074 6861 7420 not assume that \n-00049930: 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 your. first \n-00049940: 6861 7264 2064 7269 7665 2028 652e 672e hard drive (e.g.\n-00049950: 2020 e280 982f 6465 762f 7364 61e2 8099 .../dev/sda...\n-00049960: 2920 6973 2074 6865 206f 6e65 2074 6861 ) is the one tha\n-00049970: 7420 796f 7572 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a t your firmware.\n-00049980: 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2066 will boot f\n-00049990: 726f 6d2e 2020 e280 9864 6576 6963 652e rom. ...device.\n-000499a0: 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 map... (*note De\n-000499b0: 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 2920 6361 6e20 vice map::) can \n-000499c0: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 be used to. \n-000499d0: 6f76 6572 7269 6465 2074 6869 732c 2062 override this, b\n-000499e0: 7574 2069 7420 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 ut it is usually\n-000499f0: 2062 6574 7465 7220 746f 2075 7365 2055 better to use U\n-00049a00: 5549 4473 206f 7220 6669 6c65 2073 7973 UIDs or file sys\n-00049a10: 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 206c 6162 656c 7320 tem. labels \n-00049a20: 616e 6420 6176 6f69 6420 6465 7065 6e64 and avoid depend\n-00049a30: 696e 6720 6f6e 2064 7269 7665 206f 7264 ing on drive ord\n-00049a40: 6572 696e 6720 656e 7469 7265 6c79 2e0a ering entirely..\n-00049a50: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4174 206c 6561 7374 . ... At least\n-00049a60: 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 on BIOS systems\n-00049a70: 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2074 656c 6c20 e280 , if you tell ..\n-00049a80: 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 .grub-install...\n-00049a90: 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 to install. \n-00049aa0: 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 2070 6172 7469 GRUB to a parti\n-00049ab0: 7469 6f6e 2062 7574 2047 5255 4220 6861 tion but GRUB ha\n-00049ac0: 7320 616c 7265 6164 7920 6265 656e 2069 s already been i\n-00049ad0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a nstalled in the.\n-00049ae0: 2020 2020 206d 6173 7465 7220 626f 6f74 master boot\n-00049af0: 2072 6563 6f72 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 record, then th\n-00049b00: 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 e GRUB installat\n-00049b10: 696f 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 ion in the parti\n-00049b20: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 tion. will b\n-00049b30: 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 e ignored... .\n-00049b40: 80a2 2049 6620 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 .. If possible, \n-00049b50: 6974 2069 7320 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 it is generally \n-00049b60: 6265 7374 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 696e best to avoid in\n-00049b70: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 746f stalling GRUB to\n-00049b80: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 6974 696f a. partitio\n-00049b90: 6e20 2875 6e6c 6573 7320 6974 2069 7320 n (unless it is \n-00049ba0: 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7061 7274 6974 a special partit\n-00049bb0: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 7573 6520 ion for the use \n-00049bc0: 6f66 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2061 6c6f of GRUB. alo\n-00049bd0: 6e65 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 7468 6520 ne, such as the \n-00049be0: 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 BIOS Boot Partit\n-00049bf0: 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4750 5429 ion used on GPT)\n-00049c00: 2e20 446f 696e 6720 7468 6973 0a20 2020 . Doing this. \n-00049c10: 2020 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 means that GRU\n-00049c20: 4220 6d61 7920 7374 6f70 2062 6569 6e67 B may stop being\n-00049c30: 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 6974 able to read it\n-00049c40: 7320 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2064 7565 s core image due\n-00049c50: 2074 6f20 610a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 to a. file \n-00049c60: 7379 7374 656d 206d 6f76 696e 6720 626c system moving bl\n-00049c70: 6f63 6b73 2061 726f 756e 642c 2073 7563 ocks around, suc\n-00049c80: 6820 6173 2077 6869 6c65 2064 6566 7261 h as while defra\n-00049c90: 676d 656e 7469 6e67 2c0a 2020 2020 2072 gmenting,. r\n-00049ca0: 756e 6e69 6e67 2063 6865 636b 732c 206f unning checks, o\n-00049cb0: 7220 6576 656e 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e6f r even during no\n-00049cc0: 726d 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 rmal operation. \n-00049cd0: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 746f 2074 Installing to t\n-00049ce0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 he. whole di\n-00049cf0: 736b 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 206e 6f72 sk device is nor\n-00049d00: 6d61 6c6c 7920 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 7573 mally more robus\n-00049d10: 742e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2043 6865 636b t... ... Check\n-00049d20: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2061 6374 7561 that GRUB actua\n-00049d30: 6c6c 7920 6b6e 6f77 7320 686f 7720 746f lly knows how to\n-00049d40: 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2064 read from the d\n-00049d50: 6576 6963 6520 616e 6420 6669 6c65 0a20 evice and file. \n-00049d60: 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f6e 7461 system conta\n-00049d70: 696e 696e 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 ining .../boot/g\n-00049d80: 7275 62e2 8099 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c rub.... It will\n-00049d90: 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 not be able to \n-00049da0: 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2065 read from. e\n-00049db0: 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6573 ncrypted devices\n-00049dc0: 2077 6974 6820 756e 7375 7070 6f72 7465 with unsupporte\n-00049dd0: 6420 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2073 6368 d encryption sch\n-00049de0: 656d 652c 206e 6f72 2066 726f 6d20 6669 eme, nor from fi\n-00049df0: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 7320 le. systems \n-00049e00: 666f 7220 7768 6963 6820 7375 7070 6f72 for which suppor\n-00049e10: 7420 6861 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 7420 6265 t has not yet be\n-00049e20: 656e 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 en added to GRUB\n-00049e30: 2e0a 0a ...\n+000492f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2773 206e ======..GRUB's n\n+00049300: 6f72 6d61 6c20 7374 6172 742d 7570 2070 ormal start-up p\n+00049310: 726f 6365 6475 7265 2069 6e76 6f6c 7665 rocedure involve\n+00049320: 7320 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 s setting the ..\n+00049330: 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 0a65 6e76 6972 .prefix....envir\n+00049340: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n+00049350: 746f 2061 2076 616c 7565 2073 6574 2069 to a value set i\n+00049360: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 n the core image\n+00049370: 2062 7920 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 by ...grub-inst\n+00049380: 616c 6ce2 8099 2c0a 7365 7474 696e 6720 all...,.setting \n+00049390: 7468 6520 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 2076 the ...root... v\n+000493a0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 206d 6174 6368 ariable to match\n+000493b0: 2c20 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 , loading the ..\n+000493c0: 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d 6f64 756c .normal... modul\n+000493d0: 6520 6672 6f6d 0a74 6865 2070 7265 6669 e from.the prefi\n+000493e0: 782c 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 x, and running t\n+000493f0: 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 he ...normal... \n+00049400: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206e command (*note n\n+00049410: 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 730a ormal::). This.\n+00049420: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2072 6573 706f command is respo\n+00049430: 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2072 6561 6469 nsible for readi\n+00049440: 6e67 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ng .../boot/grub\n+00049450: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 7275 /grub.cfg..., ru\n+00049460: 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 650a 6d65 6e75 2c20 nning the.menu, \n+00049470: 616e 6420 646f 696e 6720 616c 6c20 7468 and doing all th\n+00049480: 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 6869 6e67 7320 e useful things \n+00049490: 4752 5542 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f73 6564 GRUB is supposed\n+000494a0: 2074 6f20 646f 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2c20 to do... If, \n+000494b0: 696e 7374 6561 642c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c instead, you onl\n+000494c0: 7920 6765 7420 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 y get a rescue s\n+000494d0: 6865 6c6c 2c20 7468 6973 2075 7375 616c hell, this usual\n+000494e0: 6c79 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 740a 4752 ly means that.GR\n+000494f0: 5542 2066 6169 6c65 6420 746f 206c 6f61 UB failed to loa\n+00049500: 6420 7468 6520 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 d the ...normal.\n+00049510: 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 736f .. module for so\n+00049520: 6d65 2072 6561 736f 6e2e 2020 4974 206d me reason. It m\n+00049530: 6179 2062 650a 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 ay be.possible t\n+00049540: 6f20 776f 726b 2061 726f 756e 6420 7468 o work around th\n+00049550: 6973 2074 656d 706f 7261 7269 6c79 3a20 is temporarily: \n+00049560: 666f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 6966 for instance, if\n+00049570: 2074 6865 2072 6561 736f 6e0a 666f 7220 the reason.for \n+00049580: 7468 6520 6661 696c 7572 6520 6973 2074 the failure is t\n+00049590: 6861 7420 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 hat ...prefix...\n+000495a0: 2069 7320 7772 6f6e 6720 2870 6572 6861 is wrong (perha\n+000495b0: 7073 2069 7420 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 ps it refers to \n+000495c0: 7468 650a 7772 6f6e 6720 6465 7669 6365 the.wrong device\n+000495d0: 2c20 6f72 2070 6572 6861 7073 2074 6865 , or perhaps the\n+000495e0: 2070 6174 6820 746f 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f path to .../boo\n+000495f0: 742f 6772 7562 e280 9920 7761 7320 6e6f t/grub... was no\n+00049600: 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 6d61 6465 t correctly made\n+00049610: 0a72 656c 6174 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 .relative to the\n+00049620: 2064 6576 6963 6529 2c20 7468 656e 2079 device), then y\n+00049630: 6f75 2063 616e 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2074 ou can correct t\n+00049640: 6869 7320 616e 6420 656e 7465 7220 6e6f his and enter no\n+00049650: 726d 616c 206d 6f64 650a 6d61 6e75 616c rmal mode.manual\n+00049660: 6c79 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 496e 7370 ly:.. # Insp\n+00049670: 6563 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 ect the current \n+00049680: 7072 6566 6978 2028 616e 6420 6f74 6865 prefix (and othe\n+00049690: 7220 7072 6573 6574 2076 6172 6961 626c r preset variabl\n+000496a0: 6573 293a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 740a 2020 es):. set. \n+000496b0: 2020 2023 2046 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 # Find out wh\n+000496c0: 6963 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 6172 6520 ich devices are \n+000496d0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 available:. \n+000496e0: 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 2320 5365 7420 746f ls. # Set to\n+000496f0: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2076 616c the correct val\n+00049700: 7565 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 7420 ue, which might \n+00049710: 6265 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 206c 696b be something lik\n+00049720: 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 e this:. set\n+00049730: 2070 7265 6669 783d 2868 6430 2c31 292f prefix=(hd0,1)/\n+00049740: 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f grub. set ro\n+00049750: 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 ot=(hd0,1). \n+00049760: 696e 736d 6f64 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2020 insmod normal. \n+00049770: 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 0a20 2020 486f normal.. Ho\n+00049780: 7765 7665 722c 2061 6e79 2070 726f 626c wever, any probl\n+00049790: 656d 2074 6861 7420 6c65 6176 6573 2079 em that leaves y\n+000497a0: 6f75 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7363 7565 ou in the rescue\n+000497b0: 2073 6865 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 626c 790a shell probably.\n+000497c0: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 means that GRUB \n+000497d0: 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c was not correctl\n+000497e0: 7920 696e 7374 616c 6c65 642e 2020 4974 y installed. It\n+000497f0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6d6f 7265 2075 7365 may be more use\n+00049800: 6675 6c20 746f 0a74 7279 2074 6f20 7265 ful to.try to re\n+00049810: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 6974 2070 726f 7065 install it prope\n+00049820: 726c 7920 7573 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 rly using ...gru\n+00049830: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4445 5649 4345 b-install DEVICE\n+00049840: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ... (*note Invok\n+00049850: 696e 670a 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing.grub-install\n+00049860: 3a3a 292e 2020 5768 656e 2064 6f69 6e67 ::). When doing\n+00049870: 2074 6869 732c 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 this, there are\n+00049880: 2061 2066 6577 2074 6869 6e67 7320 746f a few things to\n+00049890: 2072 656d 656d 6265 723a 0a0a 2020 20e2 remember:.. .\n+000498a0: 80a2 2044 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e .. Drive orderin\n+000498b0: 6720 696e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 g in your operat\n+000498c0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206d 6179 206e ing system may n\n+000498d0: 6f74 2062 6520 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 ot be the same a\n+000498e0: 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 s the. boot \n+000498f0: 6472 6976 6520 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 2075 drive ordering u\n+00049900: 7365 6420 6279 2079 6f75 7220 6669 726d sed by your firm\n+00049910: 7761 7265 2e20 2044 6f20 6e6f 7420 6173 ware. Do not as\n+00049920: 7375 6d65 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 0a20 sume that your. \n+00049930: 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 first hard d\n+00049940: 7269 7665 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 982f rive (e.g. .../\n+00049950: 6465 762f 7364 61e2 8099 2920 6973 2074 dev/sda...) is t\n+00049960: 6865 206f 6e65 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 he one that your\n+00049970: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 2020 2020 2077 firmware. w\n+00049980: 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 ill boot from. \n+00049990: e280 9864 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 ...device.map...\n+000499a0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 206d (*note Device m\n+000499b0: 6170 3a3a 2920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 ap::) can be use\n+000499c0: 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 6572 7269 d to. overri\n+000499d0: 6465 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 2069 7420 de this, but it \n+000499e0: 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2062 6574 7465 is usually bette\n+000499f0: 7220 746f 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 206f r to use UUIDs o\n+00049a00: 7220 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 r file system. \n+00049a10: 2020 206c 6162 656c 7320 616e 6420 6176 labels and av\n+00049a20: 6f69 6420 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e oid depending on\n+00049a30: 2064 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 drive ordering \n+00049a40: 656e 7469 7265 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 entirely... ..\n+00049a50: a220 4174 206c 6561 7374 206f 6e20 4249 . At least on BI\n+00049a60: 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6966 2079 OS systems, if y\n+00049a70: 6f75 2074 656c 6c20 e280 9867 7275 622d ou tell ...grub-\n+00049a80: 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2074 6f20 696e install... to in\n+00049a90: 7374 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 stall. GRUB \n+00049aa0: 746f 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 to a partition b\n+00049ab0: 7574 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 616c 7265 ut GRUB has alre\n+00049ac0: 6164 7920 6265 656e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ady been install\n+00049ad0: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d ed in the. m\n+00049ae0: 6173 7465 7220 626f 6f74 2072 6563 6f72 aster boot recor\n+00049af0: 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 d, then the GRUB\n+00049b00: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e20 696e installation in\n+00049b10: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 the partition. \n+00049b20: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6967 6e6f will be igno\n+00049b30: 7265 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 6620 red... ... If \n+00049b40: 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 6974 2069 7320 possible, it is \n+00049b50: 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6265 7374 2074 generally best t\n+00049b60: 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c69 o avoid installi\n+00049b70: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 0a20 2020 ng GRUB to a. \n+00049b80: 2020 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 2875 6e6c partition (unl\n+00049b90: 6573 7320 6974 2069 7320 6120 7370 6563 ess it is a spec\n+00049ba0: 6961 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 666f ial partition fo\n+00049bb0: 7220 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 2047 5255 r the use of GRU\n+00049bc0: 420a 2020 2020 2061 6c6f 6e65 2c20 7375 B. alone, su\n+00049bd0: 6368 2061 7320 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2042 ch as the BIOS B\n+00049be0: 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7573 oot Partition us\n+00049bf0: 6564 206f 6e20 4750 5429 2e20 446f 696e ed on GPT). Doin\n+00049c00: 6720 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 616e g this. mean\n+00049c10: 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 6d61 7920 s that GRUB may \n+00049c20: 7374 6f70 2062 6569 6e67 2061 626c 6520 stop being able \n+00049c30: 746f 2072 6561 6420 6974 7320 636f 7265 to read its core\n+00049c40: 2069 6d61 6765 2064 7565 2074 6f20 610a image due to a.\n+00049c50: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d file system\n+00049c60: 206d 6f76 696e 6720 626c 6f63 6b73 2061 moving blocks a\n+00049c70: 726f 756e 642c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2077 round, such as w\n+00049c80: 6869 6c65 2064 6566 7261 676d 656e 7469 hile defragmenti\n+00049c90: 6e67 2c0a 2020 2020 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 ng,. running\n+00049ca0: 2063 6865 636b 732c 206f 7220 6576 656e checks, or even\n+00049cb0: 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e6f 726d 616c 206f during normal o\n+00049cc0: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6e73 7461 peration. Insta\n+00049cd0: 6c6c 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 lling to the. \n+00049ce0: 2020 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2064 6576 whole disk dev\n+00049cf0: 6963 6520 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 ice is normally \n+00049d00: 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 7573 742e 0a0a 2020 more robust... \n+00049d10: 20e2 80a2 2043 6865 636b 2074 6861 7420 ... Check that \n+00049d20: 4752 5542 2061 6374 7561 6c6c 7920 6b6e GRUB actually kn\n+00049d30: 6f77 7320 686f 7720 746f 2072 6561 6420 ows how to read \n+00049d40: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 from the device \n+00049d50: 616e 6420 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7379 and file. sy\n+00049d60: 7374 656d 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 stem containing \n+00049d70: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 .../boot/grub...\n+00049d80: 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 . It will not b\n+00049d90: 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2066 e able to read f\n+00049da0: 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 rom. encrypt\n+00049db0: 6564 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 6974 6820 ed devices with \n+00049dc0: 756e 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 656e 6372 unsupported encr\n+00049dd0: 7970 7469 6f6e 2073 6368 656d 652c 206e yption scheme, n\n+00049de0: 6f72 2066 726f 6d20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 or from file. \n+00049df0: 2020 7379 7374 656d 7320 666f 7220 7768 systems for wh\n+00049e00: 6963 6820 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6861 7320 ich support has \n+00049e10: 6e6f 7420 7965 7420 6265 656e 2061 6464 not yet been add\n+00049e20: 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a ed to GRUB...\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info-2", "source2": "grub.info-2", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3175 +1,3175 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 3220 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7465 7.2 from grub.te\n 00000040: 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c xi...This manual\n 00000050: 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 5542 is for GNU GRUB\n 00000060: 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 2c20 (version 2.12, \n-00000070: 3238 2053 6570 7465 6d62 6572 2032 3032 28 September 202\n-00000080: 3629 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 6)... 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Make a \n-00000390: 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 GRUB rescue imag\n-000003a0: 650a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 e.* grub-mount: \n-000003b0: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n-000003c0: 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 rub-mount. \n-000003d0: 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 Mount a file s\n-000003e0: 7973 7465 6d20 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 ystem using GRUB\n-000003f0: 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a 2028 .* grub-probe: (\n-00000400: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n-00000410: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 ub-probe. \n-00000420: 2050 726f 6265 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e Probe device in\n-00000430: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 formation.* grub\n-00000440: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 -script-check: (\n-00000450: 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 grub)Invoking gr\n-00000460: 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e ub-script-check.\n-00000470: 0a45 4e44 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e .END-INFO-DIR-EN\n-00000480: 5452 590a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 TRY....File: gru\n-00000490: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 b.info, Node: F\n-000004a0: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 irmware stalls i\n-000004b0: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e nstead of bootin\n-000004c0: 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 g GRUB, Prev: G\n-000004d0: 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 RUB only offers \n-000004e0: 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 a rescue shell, \n-000004f0: 2055 703a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f Up: Troubleshoo\n-00000500: 7469 6e67 0a0a 3233 2e32 2046 6972 6d77 ting..23.2 Firmw\n-00000510: 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 are stalls inste\n-00000520: 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 ad of booting GR\n-00000530: 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d UB.=============\n+00000070: 3236 2041 7567 7573 7420 3230 3235 292e 26 August 2025).\n+00000080: 0a0a 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 6874 20c2 .. Copyright .\n+00000090: a90a 3139 3939 2c32 3030 302c 3230 3031 ..1999,2000,2001\n+000000a0: 2c32 3030 322c 3230 3034 2c32 3030 362c ,2002,2004,2006,\n+000000b0: 3230 3038 2c32 3030 392c 3230 3130 2c32 2008,2009,2010,2\n+000000c0: 3031 312c 3230 3132 2c32 3031 3320 4672 011,2012,2013 Fr\n+000000d0: 6565 0a53 6f66 7477 6172 6520 466f 756e ee.Software Foun\n+000000e0: 6461 7469 6f6e 2c20 496e 632e 0a0a 2020 dation, Inc... \n+000000f0: 2020 2050 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 6973 Permission is\n+00000100: 2067 7261 6e74 6564 2074 6f20 636f 7079 granted to copy\n+00000110: 2c20 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 2061 6e64 , distribute and\n+00000120: 2f6f 7220 6d6f 6469 6679 2074 6869 730a /or modify this.\n+00000130: 2020 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 756e document un\n+00000140: 6465 7220 7468 6520 7465 726d 7320 6f66 der the terms of\n+00000150: 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f the GNU Free Do\n+00000160: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 cumentation Lice\n+00000170: 6e73 652c 0a20 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f nse,. Versio\n+00000180: 6e20 312e 3220 6f72 2061 6e79 206c 6174 n 1.2 or any lat\n+00000190: 6572 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2070 7562 6c69 er version publi\n+000001a0: 7368 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4672 6565 shed by the Free\n+000001b0: 2053 6f66 7477 6172 650a 2020 2020 2046 Software. F\n+000001c0: 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e3b 2077 6974 6820 oundation; with \n+000001d0: 6e6f 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 no Invariant Sec\n+000001e0: 7469 6f6e 732e 0a49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d tions..INFO-DIR-\n+000001f0: 5345 4354 494f 4e20 4b65 726e 656c 0a53 SECTION Kernel.S\n+00000200: 5441 5254 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e TART-INFO-DIR-EN\n+00000210: 5452 590a 2a20 4752 5542 3a20 2867 7275 TRY.* GRUB: (gru\n+00000220: 6229 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 b). \n+00000230: 2020 2020 5468 6520 4752 616e 6420 556e The GRand Un\n+00000240: 6966 6965 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 ified Bootloader\n+00000250: 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a .* grub-install:\n+00000260: 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (grub)Invoking \n+00000270: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2e20 2020 grub-install. \n+00000280: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e Install GRUB on\n+00000290: 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a 2a20 6772 your drive.* gr\n+000002a0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a 2028 6772 ub-mkconfig: (gr\n+000002b0: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n+000002c0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 672e 2020 4765 6e65 -mkconfig. Gene\n+000002d0: 7261 7465 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 rate GRUB config\n+000002e0: 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d uration.* grub-m\n+000002f0: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a20 kpasswd-pbkdf2: \n+00000300: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n+00000310: 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b rub-mkpasswd-pbk\n+00000320: 6466 322e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 df2..* grub-mkre\n+00000330: 6c70 6174 683a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 lpath: (grub)Inv\n+00000340: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c oking grub-mkrel\n+00000350: 7061 7468 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 path..* grub-mkr\n+00000360: 6573 6375 653a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 escue: (grub)Inv\n+00000370: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 oking grub-mkres\n+00000380: 6375 652e 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2047 5255 cue. Make a GRU\n+00000390: 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a B rescue image.*\n+000003a0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a 2028 6772 grub-mount: (gr\n+000003b0: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n+000003c0: 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 204d -mount. M\n+000003d0: 6f75 6e74 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 ount a file syst\n+000003e0: 656d 2075 7369 6e67 2047 5255 420a 2a20 em using GRUB.* \n+000003f0: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a20 2867 7275 grub-probe: (gru\n+00000400: 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d b)Invoking grub-\n+00000410: 7072 6f62 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 probe. Pr\n+00000420: 6f62 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 obe device infor\n+00000430: 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 7363 mation.* grub-sc\n+00000440: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 3a20 2867 7275 ript-check: (gru\n+00000450: 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d b)Invoking grub-\n+00000460: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2e0a 454e script-check..EN\n+00000470: 442d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 4e54 5259 D-INFO-DIR-ENTRY\n+00000480: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00000490: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 726d nfo, Node: Firm\n+000004a0: 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 ware stalls inst\n+000004b0: 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 ead of booting G\n+000004c0: 5255 422c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4752 5542 RUB, Prev: GRUB\n+000004d0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 only offers a r\n+000004e0: 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2020 5570 escue shell, Up\n+000004f0: 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e : Troubleshootin\n+00000500: 670a 0a32 332e 3220 4669 726d 7761 7265 g..23.2 Firmware\n+00000510: 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 stalls instead \n+00000520: 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 5255 420a of booting GRUB.\n+00000530: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00000540: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00000560: 0a54 6865 2045 4649 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 .The EFI impleme\n-00000570: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2073 6f6d 6520 ntation of some \n-00000580: 6f6c 6465 7220 4d61 6342 6f6f 6b20 6c61 older MacBook la\n-00000590: 7074 6f70 7320 7374 616c 6c73 2077 6865 ptops stalls whe\n-000005a0: 6e20 6974 2067 6574 730a 7072 6573 656e n it gets.presen\n-000005b0: 7465 6420 6120 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 ted a grub-mkres\n-000005c0: 6375 6520 4953 4f20 696d 6167 6520 666f cue ISO image fo\n-000005d0: 7220 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 2074 6172 r x86_64-efi tar\n-000005e0: 6765 7420 6f6e 2061 6e20 5553 420a 7374 get on an USB.st\n-000005f0: 6963 6b2e 2020 4166 6665 6374 6564 2061 ick. Affected a\n-00000600: 7265 206d 6f64 656c 7320 6f66 2079 6561 re models of yea\n-00000610: 7220 3230 3130 206f 7220 6561 726c 6965 r 2010 or earlie\n-00000620: 722e 2020 576f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 r. Workaround i\n-00000630: 7320 746f 0a7a 6572 6f69 7a65 2074 6865 s to.zeroize the\n-00000640: 2062 7974 6573 2034 3436 2074 6f20 3436 bytes 446 to 46\n-00000650: 3120 6f66 2074 6865 2045 4649 2070 6172 1 of the EFI par\n-00000660: 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 7768 6572 6520 6d66 tition, where mf\n-00000670: 6f72 6d61 7420 6861 7320 7075 740a 6120 ormat has put.a \n-00000680: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 partition table \n-00000690: 656e 7472 7920 7768 6963 6820 636c 6169 entry which clai\n-000006a0: 6d73 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 ms partition sta\n-000006b0: 7274 2061 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 302e 2020 rt at block 0. \n-000006c0: 5468 6973 0a63 6861 6e67 6520 7769 6c6c This.change will\n-000006d0: 206e 6f74 2068 616d 7065 7220 626f 6f74 not hamper boot\n-000006e0: 6162 696c 6974 7920 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 ability on other\n-000006f0: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 machines.....Fi\n-00000700: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00000710: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 Node: User-space\n-00000720: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 204e 6578 utilities, Nex\n-00000730: 743a 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 t: Obtaining and\n-00000740: 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 Building GRUB, \n-00000750: 2050 7265 763a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 Prev: Troublesh\n-00000760: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 ooting, Up: Top\n-00000770: 0a0a 3234 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 ..24 User-space \n-00000780: 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a utilities.******\n-00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000007a0: 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e *..* Menu:..* In\n-000007b0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 voking grub-inst\n-000007c0: 616c 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 all:: How \n-000007d0: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 to use the GRUB \n-000007e0: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 720a 2a20 496e 766f installer.* Invo\n-000007f0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n-00000800: 6967 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 4765 6e65 7261 ig:: Genera\n-00000810: 7465 2061 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 te a GRUB config\n-00000820: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2049 uration file.* I\n-00000830: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 nvoking grub-mkp\n-00000840: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 0a20 asswd-pbkdf2::. \n+00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n+00000560: 6520 4546 4920 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 e EFI implementa\n+00000570: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 736f 6d65 206f 6c64 tion of some old\n+00000580: 6572 204d 6163 426f 6f6b 206c 6170 746f er MacBook lapto\n+00000590: 7073 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 7768 656e 2069 ps stalls when i\n+000005a0: 7420 6765 7473 0a70 7265 7365 6e74 6564 t gets.presented\n+000005b0: 2061 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 a grub-mkrescue\n+000005c0: 2049 534f 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2078 ISO image for x\n+000005d0: 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6920 7461 7267 6574 86_64-efi target\n+000005e0: 206f 6e20 616e 2055 5342 0a73 7469 636b on an USB.stick\n+000005f0: 2e20 2041 6666 6563 7465 6420 6172 6520 . Affected are \n+00000600: 6d6f 6465 6c73 206f 6620 7965 6172 2032 models of year 2\n+00000610: 3031 3020 6f72 2065 6172 6c69 6572 2e20 010 or earlier. \n+00000620: 2057 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 6973 2074 Workaround is t\n+00000630: 6f0a 7a65 726f 697a 6520 7468 6520 6279 o.zeroize the by\n+00000640: 7465 7320 3434 3620 746f 2034 3631 206f tes 446 to 461 o\n+00000650: 6620 7468 6520 4546 4920 7061 7274 6974 f the EFI partit\n+00000660: 696f 6e2c 2077 6865 7265 206d 666f 726d ion, where mform\n+00000670: 6174 2068 6173 2070 7574 0a61 2070 6172 at has put.a par\n+00000680: 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2065 6e74 tition table ent\n+00000690: 7279 2077 6869 6368 2063 6c61 696d 7320 ry which claims \n+000006a0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7374 6172 7420 partition start \n+000006b0: 6174 2062 6c6f 636b 2030 2e20 2054 6869 at block 0. Thi\n+000006c0: 730a 6368 616e 6765 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f s.change will no\n+000006d0: 7420 6861 6d70 6572 2062 6f6f 7461 6269 t hamper bootabi\n+000006e0: 6c69 7479 206f 6e20 6f74 6865 7220 6d61 lity on other ma\n+000006f0: 6368 696e 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a chines.....File:\n+00000700: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00000710: 653a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 e: User-space ut\n+00000720: 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ilities, Next: \n+00000730: 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 Obtaining and Bu\n+00000740: 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5072 ilding GRUB, Pr\n+00000750: 6576 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 ev: Troubleshoot\n+00000760: 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 ing, Up: Top..2\n+00000770: 3420 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 4 User-space uti\n+00000780: 6c69 7469 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a lities.*********\n+00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+000007a0: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b * Menu:..* Invok\n+000007b0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n+000007c0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 :: How to \n+000007d0: 7573 6520 7468 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e73 use the GRUB ins\n+000007e0: 7461 6c6c 6572 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e taller.* Invokin\n+000007f0: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a g grub-mkconfig:\n+00000800: 3a20 2020 2020 2047 656e 6572 6174 6520 : Generate \n+00000810: 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 a GRUB configura\n+00000820: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 496e 766f tion file.* Invo\n+00000830: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 king grub-mkpass\n+00000840: 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 3a0a 2020 2020 wd-pbkdf2::. \n 00000850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 G\n-00000870: 656e 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6173 enerate GRUB pas\n-00000880: 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 0a2a 2049 sword hashes.* I\n-00000890: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n-000008a0: 656c 7061 7468 3a3a 2020 2020 204d 616b elpath:: Mak\n-000008b0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 e system path re\n-000008c0: 6c61 7469 7665 2074 6f20 6974 7320 726f lative to its ro\n-000008d0: 6f74 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ot.* Invoking gr\n-000008e0: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a20 2020 ub-mkrescue:: \n-000008f0: 2020 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 2072 Make a GRUB r\n-00000900: 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a 2a20 496e escue image.* In\n-00000910: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e voking grub-moun\n-00000920: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 756e t:: Moun\n-00000930: 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 t a file system \n-00000940: 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 using GRUB.* Inv\n-00000950: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 oking grub-probe\n-00000960: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f 6265 :: Probe\n-00000970: 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 device informat\n-00000980: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 ion for GRUB.* I\n-00000990: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 nvoking grub-scr\n-000009a0: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 3a20 2043 6865 ipt-check:: Che\n-000009b0: 636b 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 2066 ck GRUB script f\n-000009c0: 696c 6520 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 ile for syntax e\n-000009d0: 7272 6f72 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rrors....File: g\n-000009e0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000009f0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 Invoking grub-i\n-00000a00: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 nstall, Next: I\n-00000a10: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 nvoking grub-mkc\n-00000a20: 6f6e 6669 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 onfig, Up: User\n-00000a30: 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 -space utilities\n-00000a40: 0a0a 3234 2e31 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 ..24.1 Invoking \n-00000a50: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d grub-install.===\n+00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4765 6e65 Gene\n+00000870: 7261 7465 2047 5255 4220 7061 7373 776f rate GRUB passwo\n+00000880: 7264 2068 6173 6865 730a 2a20 496e 766f rd hashes.* Invo\n+00000890: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 king grub-mkrelp\n+000008a0: 6174 683a 3a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 2073 ath:: Make s\n+000008b0: 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 656c 6174 ystem path relat\n+000008c0: 6976 6520 746f 2069 7473 2072 6f6f 740a ive to its root.\n+000008d0: 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d * Invoking grub-\n+000008e0: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 mkrescue:: \n+000008f0: 4d61 6b65 2061 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 Make a GRUB resc\n+00000900: 7565 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b ue image.* Invok\n+00000910: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a3a ing grub-mount::\n+00000920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 2061 Mount a\n+00000930: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2075 7369 file system usi\n+00000940: 6e67 2047 5255 420a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 ng GRUB.* Invoki\n+00000950: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a 3a20 ng grub-probe:: \n+00000960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 6f62 6520 6465 Probe de\n+00000970: 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e vice information\n+00000980: 2066 6f72 2047 5255 420a 2a20 496e 766f for GRUB.* Invo\n+00000990: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 king grub-script\n+000009a0: 2d63 6865 636b 3a3a 2020 4368 6563 6b20 -check:: Check \n+000009b0: 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 6669 6c65 GRUB script file\n+000009c0: 2066 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 6572 726f for syntax erro\n+000009d0: 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 rs....File: grub\n+000009e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .info, Node: In\n+000009f0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 voking grub-inst\n+00000a00: 616c 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f all, Next: Invo\n+00000a10: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n+00000a20: 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 ig, Up: User-sp\n+00000a30: 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 ace utilities..2\n+00000a40: 342e 3120 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 4.1 Invoking gru\n+00000a50: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d b-install.======\n 00000a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f =======..The pro\n-00000a80: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 gram ...grub-ins\n-00000a90: 7461 6c6c e280 9920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 tall... generate\n-00000aa0: 7320 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f72 6520 696d s a GRUB core im\n-00000ab0: 6167 6520 7573 696e 670a e280 9867 7275 age using....gru\n-00000ac0: 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 b-mkimage... and\n-00000ad0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 6974 206f 6e20 installs it on \n-00000ae0: 796f 7572 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 596f your system. Yo\n-00000af0: 7520 6d75 7374 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 u must specify t\n-00000b00: 6865 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 206f he.device name o\n-00000b10: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 796f 7520 7761 6e74 n which you want\n-00000b20: 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 to install GRUB\n-00000b30: 2c20 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 , like this:.. \n-00000b40: 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 grub-install \n-00000b50: 494e 5354 414c 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 0a0a INSTALL_DEVICE..\n-00000b60: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 The device na\n-00000b70: 6d65 2049 4e53 5441 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 me INSTALL_DEVIC\n-00000b80: 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 E is an OS devic\n-00000b90: 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 7220 6120 4752 5542 e name or a GRUB\n-00000ba0: 2064 6576 6963 650a 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 device.name... \n-00000bb0: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c ...grub-instal\n-00000bc0: 6ce2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 l... accepts the\n-00000bd0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f following optio\n-00000be0: 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 ns:.....--help..\n-00000bf0: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 .. Print a s\n-00000c00: 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f ummary of the co\n-00000c10: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f mmand-line optio\n-00000c20: 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 ns and exit.....\n-00000c30: 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 .--version.... \n-00000c40: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 Print the ver\n-00000c50: 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 sion number of G\n-00000c60: 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 RUB and exit....\n-00000c70: 8098 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f ..--boot-directo\n-00000c80: 7279 3d44 4952 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 ry=DIR.... I\n-00000c90: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 nstall GRUB imag\n-00000ca0: 6573 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2064 6972 es under the dir\n-00000cb0: 6563 746f 7279 20e2 8098 4449 522f 6772 ectory ...DIR/gr\n-00000cc0: 7562 2fe2 8099 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 ub/... This opti\n-00000cd0: 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 on is. usefu\n-00000ce0: 6c20 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 l when you want \n-00000cf0: 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 to install GRUB \n-00000d00: 696e 746f 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 into a separate \n-00000d10: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 2061 0a20 partition or a. \n-00000d20: 2020 2020 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 6520 6469 removable di\n-00000d30: 736b 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 sk. If this opt\n-00000d40: 696f 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 2073 7065 6369 ion is not speci\n-00000d50: 6669 6564 2074 6865 6e20 6974 2064 6566 fied then it def\n-00000d60: 6175 6c74 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 aults. to ..\n-00000d70: 982f 626f 6f74 e280 992c 2073 6f0a 0a20 ./boot..., so.. \n-00000d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e grub-in\n-00000d90: 7374 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a stall /dev/sda..\n-00000da0: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 is equivale\n-00000db0: 6e74 2074 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nt to.. \n-00000dc0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d grub-install --\n-00000dd0: 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f boot-directory=/\n-00000de0: 626f 6f74 2f20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a boot/ /dev/sda..\n-00000df0: 2020 2020 2048 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 Here is an \n-00000e00: 6578 616d 706c 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 example in which\n-00000e10: 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6120 7365 7061 you have a sepa\n-00000e20: 7261 7465 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 e280 9d20 rate ...boot... \n-00000e30: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 partition. w\n-00000e40: 6869 6368 2069 7320 6d6f 756e 7465 6420 hich is mounted \n-00000e50: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 74e2 on .../mnt/boot.\n-00000e60: 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 ..:.. g\n-00000e70: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f rub-install --bo\n-00000e80: 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e ot-directory=/mn\n-00000e90: 742f 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f 7364 620a t/boot /dev/sdb.\n-00000ea0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7265 6368 6563 6be2 8099 ....--recheck...\n-00000eb0: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6368 6563 6b20 7468 . Recheck th\n-00000ec0: 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 6576 e device map, ev\n-00000ed0: 656e 2069 6620 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 en if .../boot/g\n-00000ee0: 7275 622f 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 rub/device.map..\n-00000ef0: 9920 616c 7265 6164 790a 2020 2020 2065 . already. e\n-00000f00: 7869 7374 732e 2020 596f 7520 7368 6f75 xists. You shou\n-00000f10: 6c64 2075 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 ld use this opti\n-00000f20: 6f6e 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 796f 7520 on whenever you \n-00000f30: 6164 642f 7265 6d6f 7665 2061 2064 6973 add/remove a dis\n-00000f40: 6b0a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6f2f 6672 6f6d k. into/from\n-00000f50: 2079 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e0a your computer..\n-00000f60: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d72 732d 636f 6465 ....--no-rs-code\n-00000f70: 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 s.... By def\n-00000f80: 6175 6c74 206f 6e20 7838 3620 4249 4f53 ault on x86 BIOS\n-00000f90: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 e280 9867 7275 systems, ...gru\n-00000fa0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2077 696c b-install... wil\n-00000fb0: 6c20 7573 6520 736f 6d65 2065 7874 7261 l use some extra\n-00000fc0: 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 696e 2074 . space in t\n-00000fd0: 6865 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d he bootloader em\n-00000fe0: 6265 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 2066 6f72 bedding area for\n-00000ff0: 2052 6565 642d 536f 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 Reed-Solomon. \n-00001000: 2020 2065 7272 6f72 2d63 6f72 7265 6374 error-correct\n-00001010: 696e 6720 636f 6465 732e 2020 5468 6973 ing codes. This\n-00001020: 2065 6e61 626c 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f enables GRUB to\n-00001030: 2073 7469 6c6c 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 still boot. \n-00001040: 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 successfully if\n-00001050: 2073 6f6d 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 2061 7265 some blocks are\n-00001060: 2063 6f72 7275 7074 6564 2e20 2054 6865 corrupted. The\n-00001070: 2065 7861 6374 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 exact amount of\n-00001080: 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e . protection\n-00001090: 206f 6666 6572 6564 2069 7320 6465 7065 offered is depe\n-000010a0: 6e64 656e 7420 6f6e 2061 7661 696c 6162 ndent on availab\n-000010b0: 6c65 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 6520 le space in the \n-000010c0: 656d 6265 6464 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 embedding. a\n-000010d0: 7265 612e 2020 5220 7365 6374 6f72 7320 rea. R sectors \n-000010e0: 6f66 2072 6564 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6361 of redundancy ca\n-000010f0: 6e20 746f 6c65 7261 7465 2075 7020 746f n tolerate up to\n-00001100: 2052 2f32 2063 6f72 7275 7074 6564 0a20 R/2 corrupted. \n-00001110: 2020 2020 7365 6374 6f72 732e 2020 5468 sectors. Th\n-00001120: 6973 2072 6564 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6d61 is redundancy ma\n-00001130: 7920 6265 2063 756d 6265 7273 6f6d 6520 y be cumbersome \n-00001140: 6966 2061 7474 656d 7074 696e 6720 746f if attempting to\n-00001150: 0a20 2020 2020 6372 7970 746f 6772 6170 . cryptograp\n-00001160: 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 hically validate\n-00001170: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n-00001180: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 the bootloader \n-00001190: 656d 6265 6464 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 embedding. a\n-000011a0: 7265 612c 206f 7220 696e 206d 6f72 6520 rea, or in more \n-000011b0: 6d6f 6465 726e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 modern systems w\n-000011c0: 6974 6820 4750 542d 7374 796c 6520 7061 ith GPT-style pa\n-000011d0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 0a20 rtition tables. \n-000011e0: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 494f 5320 (*note BIOS \n-000011f0: 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 installation::) \n-00001200: 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2064 6f65 7320 where GRUB does \n-00001210: 6e6f 7420 7265 7369 6465 2069 6e20 616e not reside in an\n-00001220: 790a 2020 2020 2075 6e70 6172 7469 7469 y. unpartiti\n-00001230: 6f6e 6564 2073 7061 6365 206f 7574 7369 oned space outsi\n-00001240: 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 4d42 522e 2044 de of the MBR. D\n-00001250: 6973 6162 6c65 2074 6865 2052 6565 642d isable the Reed-\n-00001260: 536f 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 Solomon. cod\n-00001270: 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 6973 206f 7074 es with this opt\n-00001280: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n-00001290: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000012a0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-000012b0: 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 config, Next: I\n-000012c0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 nvoking grub-mkp\n-000012d0: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 asswd-pbkdf2, P\n-000012e0: 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 rev: Invoking gr\n-000012f0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a ub-install, Up:\n-00001300: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n-00001310: 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3220 496e 766f ities..24.2 Invo\n-00001320: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 king grub-mkconf\n-00001330: 6967 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ig.=============\n-00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00001350: 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 The program ...g\n-00001360: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 rub-mkconfig... \n-00001370: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 636f 6e66 generates a conf\n-00001380: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2066 iguration file f\n-00001390: 6f72 2047 5255 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 or GRUB.(*note S\n-000013a0: 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple configurat\n-000013b0: 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 ion::)... gr\n-000013c0: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6720 2d6f 202f ub-mkconfig -o /\n-000013d0: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n-000013e0: 6667 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d fg.. ...grub-m\n-000013f0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 kconfig... accep\n-00001400: 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 ts the following\n-00001410: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d options:.....--\n-00001420: 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 help.... Pri\n-00001430: 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 nt a summary of \n-00001440: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 the command-line\n-00001450: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 options and exi\n-00001460: 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e t......--version\n-00001470: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 .... Print t\n-00001480: 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 he version numbe\n-00001490: 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 r of GRUB and ex\n-000014a0: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 it......-o FILE.\n-000014b0: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 ......--output=F\n-000014c0: 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6e64 ILE.... Send\n-000014d0: 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2063 the generated c\n-000014e0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-000014f0: 6520 746f 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 e to FILE. The \n-00001500: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6f0a 2020 default is to. \n-00001510: 2020 2073 656e 6420 6974 2074 6f20 7374 send it to st\n-00001520: 616e 6461 7264 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a andard output...\n-00001530: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00001540: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 o, Node: Invoki\n-00001550: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ng grub-mkpasswd\n-00001560: 2d70 626b 6466 322c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 -pbkdf2, Next: \n-00001570: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-00001580: 7265 6c70 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 relpath, Prev: \n-00001590: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-000015a0: 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 config, Up: Use\n-000015b0: 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n-000015c0: 730a 0a32 342e 3320 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 s..24.3 Invoking\n-000015d0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 grub-mkpasswd-p\n-000015e0: 626b 6466 320a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d bkdf2.==========\n+00000a70: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 ====..The progra\n+00000a80: 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c m ...grub-instal\n+00000a90: 6ce2 8099 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 2061 l... generates a\n+00000aa0: 2047 5255 4220 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 GRUB core image\n+00000ab0: 2075 7369 6e67 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d using....grub-m\n+00000ac0: 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 616e 6420 696e kimage... and in\n+00000ad0: 7374 616c 6c73 2069 7420 6f6e 2079 6f75 stalls it on you\n+00000ae0: 7220 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2059 6f75 206d r system. You m\n+00000af0: 7573 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 7468 650a ust specify the.\n+00000b00: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6f6e 2077 device name on w\n+00000b10: 6869 6368 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f hich you want to\n+00000b20: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 422c 206c install GRUB, l\n+00000b30: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike this:.. \n+00000b40: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2049 4e53 grub-install INS\n+00000b50: 5441 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 450a 0a20 2020 TALL_DEVICE.. \n+00000b60: 5468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 The device name \n+00000b70: 494e 5354 414c 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 2069 INSTALL_DEVICE i\n+00000b80: 7320 616e 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 206e s an OS device n\n+00000b90: 616d 6520 6f72 2061 2047 5255 4220 6465 ame or a GRUB de\n+00000ba0: 7669 6365 0a6e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 20e2 vice.name... .\n+00000bb0: 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 ..grub-install..\n+00000bc0: 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f . accepts the fo\n+00000bd0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a llowing options:\n+00000be0: 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 .....--help.... \n+00000bf0: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d Print a summ\n+00000c00: 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ary of the comma\n+00000c10: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 nd-line options \n+00000c20: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d and exit......--\n+00000c30: 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 version.... \n+00000c40: 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f Print the versio\n+00000c50: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 n number of GRUB\n+00000c60: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d and exit......-\n+00000c70: 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d -boot-directory=\n+00000c80: 4449 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 7374 DIR.... Inst\n+00000c90: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 7320 all GRUB images \n+00000ca0: 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 under the direct\n+00000cb0: 6f72 7920 e280 9844 4952 2f67 7275 622f ory ...DIR/grub/\n+00000cc0: e280 9920 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 ... This option \n+00000cd0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6566 756c 2077 is. useful w\n+00000ce0: 6865 6e20 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 hen you want to \n+00000cf0: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6e74 install GRUB int\n+00000d00: 6f20 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 2070 6172 o a separate par\n+00000d10: 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 610a 2020 2020 tition or a. \n+00000d20: 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2064 6973 6b2e removable disk.\n+00000d30: 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e If this option\n+00000d40: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 is not specifie\n+00000d50: 6420 7468 656e 2069 7420 6465 6661 756c d then it defaul\n+00000d60: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 8098 2f62 ts. to .../b\n+00000d70: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2c20 736f 0a0a 2020 2020 oot..., so.. \n+00000d80: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 grub-insta\n+00000d90: 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 ll /dev/sda.. \n+00000da0: 2020 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 is equivalent \n+00000db0: 746f 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 to.. gr\n+00000dc0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f ub-install --boo\n+00000dd0: 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f62 6f6f t-directory=/boo\n+00000de0: 742f 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 t/ /dev/sda.. \n+00000df0: 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 Here is an exa\n+00000e00: 6d70 6c65 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 796f mple in which yo\n+00000e10: 7520 6861 7665 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 u have a separat\n+00000e20: 6520 e280 9c62 6f6f 74e2 809d 2070 6172 e ...boot... par\n+00000e30: 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6963 tition. whic\n+00000e40: 6820 6973 206d 6f75 6e74 6564 206f 6e20 h is mounted on \n+00000e50: e280 982f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 e280 993a .../mnt/boot...:\n+00000e60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n+00000e70: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d -install --boot-\n+00000e80: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f62 directory=/mnt/b\n+00000e90: 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6462 0a0a e280 oot /dev/sdb....\n+00000ea0: 982d 2d72 6563 6865 636b e280 990a 2020 .--recheck.... \n+00000eb0: 2020 2052 6563 6865 636b 2074 6865 2064 Recheck the d\n+00000ec0: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2065 7665 6e20 evice map, even \n+00000ed0: 6966 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 if .../boot/grub\n+00000ee0: 2f64 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 2061 /device.map... a\n+00000ef0: 6c72 6561 6479 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6973 lready. exis\n+00000f00: 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 ts. You should \n+00000f10: 7573 6520 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 use this option \n+00000f20: 7768 656e 6576 6572 2079 6f75 2061 6464 whenever you add\n+00000f30: 2f72 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6469 736b 0a20 /remove a disk. \n+00000f40: 2020 2020 696e 746f 2f66 726f 6d20 796f into/from yo\n+00000f50: 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e 0a0a e280 ur computer.....\n+00000f60: 982d 2d6e 6f2d 7273 2d63 6f64 6573 e280 .--no-rs-codes..\n+00000f70: 990a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c .. By defaul\n+00000f80: 7420 6f6e 2078 3836 2042 494f 5320 7379 t on x86 BIOS sy\n+00000f90: 7374 656d 732c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 stems, ...grub-i\n+00000fa0: 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2075 nstall... will u\n+00000fb0: 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 6578 7472 610a 2020 se some extra. \n+00000fc0: 2020 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 6520 space in the \n+00000fd0: 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 6d62 6564 bootloader embed\n+00000fe0: 6469 6e67 2061 7265 6120 666f 7220 5265 ding area for Re\n+00000ff0: 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 ed-Solomon. \n+00001000: 6572 726f 722d 636f 7272 6563 7469 6e67 error-correcting\n+00001010: 2063 6f64 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 656e codes. This en\n+00001020: 6162 6c65 7320 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7374 ables GRUB to st\n+00001030: 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7375 ill boot. su\n+00001040: 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2069 6620 736f ccessfully if so\n+00001050: 6d65 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 6172 6520 636f me blocks are co\n+00001060: 7272 7570 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 6578 rrupted. The ex\n+00001070: 6163 7420 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 660a 2020 act amount of. \n+00001080: 2020 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 protection of\n+00001090: 6665 7265 6420 6973 2064 6570 656e 6465 fered is depende\n+000010a0: 6e74 206f 6e20 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 nt on available \n+000010b0: 7370 6163 6520 696e 2074 6865 2065 6d62 space in the emb\n+000010c0: 6564 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6561 edding. area\n+000010d0: 2e20 2052 2073 6563 746f 7273 206f 6620 . R sectors of \n+000010e0: 7265 6475 6e64 616e 6379 2063 616e 2074 redundancy can t\n+000010f0: 6f6c 6572 6174 6520 7570 2074 6f20 522f olerate up to R/\n+00001100: 3220 636f 7272 7570 7465 640a 2020 2020 2 corrupted. \n+00001110: 2073 6563 746f 7273 2e20 2054 6869 7320 sectors. This \n+00001120: 7265 6475 6e64 616e 6379 206d 6179 2062 redundancy may b\n+00001130: 6520 6375 6d62 6572 736f 6d65 2069 6620 e cumbersome if \n+00001140: 6174 7465 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 6f0a 2020 attempting to. \n+00001150: 2020 2063 7279 7074 6f67 7261 7068 6963 cryptographic\n+00001160: 616c 6c79 2076 616c 6964 6174 6520 7468 ally validate th\n+00001170: 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 7468 e contents of th\n+00001180: 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 6d62 e bootloader emb\n+00001190: 6564 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6561 edding. area\n+000011a0: 2c20 6f72 2069 6e20 6d6f 7265 206d 6f64 , or in more mod\n+000011b0: 6572 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 ern systems with\n+000011c0: 2047 5054 2d73 7479 6c65 2070 6172 7469 GPT-style parti\n+000011d0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 730a 2020 2020 tion tables. \n+000011e0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 (*note BIOS ins\n+000011f0: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 6865 tallation::) whe\n+00001200: 7265 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 206e 6f74 re GRUB does not\n+00001210: 2072 6573 6964 6520 696e 2061 6e79 0a20 reside in any. \n+00001220: 2020 2020 756e 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e65 unpartitione\n+00001230: 6420 7370 6163 6520 6f75 7473 6964 6520 d space outside \n+00001240: 6f66 2074 6865 204d 4252 2e20 4469 7361 of the MBR. Disa\n+00001250: 626c 6520 7468 6520 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c ble the Reed-Sol\n+00001260: 6f6d 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6465 7320 omon. codes \n+00001270: 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e with this option\n+00001280: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00001290: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 info, Node: Inv\n+000012a0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e oking grub-mkcon\n+000012b0: 6669 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f fig, Next: Invo\n+000012c0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 king grub-mkpass\n+000012d0: 7764 2d70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5072 6576 wd-pbkdf2, Prev\n+000012e0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+000012f0: 696e 7374 616c 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 install, Up: Us\n+00001300: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n+00001310: 6573 0a0a 3234 2e32 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e es..24.2 Invokin\n+00001320: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 670a g grub-mkconfig.\n+00001330: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n+00001350: 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 program ...grub\n+00001360: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2067 656e -mkconfig... gen\n+00001370: 6572 6174 6573 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 erates a configu\n+00001380: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 666f 7220 ration file for \n+00001390: 4752 5542 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 GRUB.(*note Simp\n+000013a0: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n+000013b0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d ::)... grub-\n+000013c0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 202d 6f20 2f62 6f6f mkconfig -o /boo\n+000013d0: 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 670a t/grub/grub.cfg.\n+000013e0: 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f . ...grub-mkco\n+000013f0: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 nfig... accepts \n+00001400: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 the following op\n+00001410: 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c tions:.....--hel\n+00001420: 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 p.... Print \n+00001430: 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 a summary of the\n+00001440: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 command-line op\n+00001450: 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a tions and exit..\n+00001460: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 ....--version...\n+00001470: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 . Print the \n+00001480: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f version number o\n+00001490: 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e f GRUB and exit.\n+000014a0: 0a0a e280 982d 6f20 4649 4c45 e280 990a .....-o FILE....\n+000014b0: e280 982d 2d6f 7574 7075 743d 4649 4c45 ...--output=FILE\n+000014c0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 656e 6420 7468 .... Send th\n+000014d0: 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 636f 6e66 e generated conf\n+000014e0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2074 iguration file t\n+000014f0: 6f20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 o FILE. The def\n+00001500: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 ault is to. \n+00001510: 7365 6e64 2069 7420 746f 2073 7461 6e64 send it to stand\n+00001520: 6172 6420 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ard output.....F\n+00001530: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00001540: 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Node: Invoking \n+00001550: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n+00001560: 6b64 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 kdf2, Next: Inv\n+00001570: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c oking grub-mkrel\n+00001580: 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 path, Prev: Inv\n+00001590: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e oking grub-mkcon\n+000015a0: 6669 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 fig, Up: User-s\n+000015b0: 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a pace utilities..\n+000015c0: 3234 2e33 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 24.3 Invoking gr\n+000015d0: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n+000015e0: 6632 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d f2.=============\n 000015f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 ========..The pr\n-00001610: 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ogram ...grub-mk\n-00001620: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 passwd-pbkdf2...\n-00001630: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 2070 6173 7377 generates passw\n-00001640: 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 2066 6f72 2047 ord hashes for G\n-00001650: 5255 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 RUB.(*note Secur\n-00001660: 6974 793a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 ity::)... gr\n-00001670: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n-00001680: 6632 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d f2.. ...grub-m\n-00001690: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 kpasswd-pbkdf2..\n-000016a0: 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f . accepts the fo\n-000016b0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a llowing options:\n-000016c0: 0a0a e280 982d 6320 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 .....-c NUMBER..\n-000016d0: 990a e280 982d 2d69 7465 7261 7469 6f6e .....--iteration\n-000016e0: 2d63 6f75 6e74 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 -count=NUMBER...\n-000016f0: 0a20 2020 2020 4e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 . Number of \n-00001700: 6974 6572 6174 696f 6e73 206f 6620 7468 iterations of th\n-00001710: 6520 756e 6465 726c 7969 6e67 2070 7365 e underlying pse\n-00001720: 7564 6f2d 7261 6e64 6f6d 2066 756e 6374 udo-random funct\n-00001730: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6661 756c ion.. Defaul\n-00001740: 7473 2074 6f20 3130 3030 302e 0a0a e280 ts to 10000.....\n-00001750: 982d 6c20 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 .-l NUMBER......\n-00001760: 982d 2d62 7566 6c65 6e3d 4e55 4d42 4552 .--buflen=NUMBER\n-00001770: e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 656e 6774 6820 .... Length \n-00001780: 6f66 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 of the generated\n-00001790: 2068 6173 682e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 hash. Defaults\n-000017a0: 2074 6f20 3634 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d73 204e to 64......-s N\n-000017b0: 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7361 UMBER.......--sa\n-000017c0: 6c74 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 lt=NUMBER.... \n-000017d0: 2020 4c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 Length of the \n-000017e0: 7361 6c74 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 salt. Defaults \n-000017f0: 746f 2036 342e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 to 64.....File: \n-00001800: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00001810: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-00001820: 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 mkrelpath, Next\n-00001830: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-00001840: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 2050 7265 763a mkrescue, Prev:\n-00001850: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n-00001860: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 kpasswd-pbkdf2, \n-00001870: 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 Up: User-space \n-00001880: 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3420 utilities..24.4 \n-00001890: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-000018a0: 7265 6c70 6174 680a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d relpath.========\n+00001600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 =====..The progr\n+00001610: 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 am ...grub-mkpas\n+00001620: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 6765 swd-pbkdf2... ge\n+00001630: 6e65 7261 7465 7320 7061 7373 776f 7264 nerates password\n+00001640: 2068 6173 6865 7320 666f 7220 4752 5542 hashes for GRUB\n+00001650: 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 .(*note Security\n+00001660: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d ::)... grub-\n+00001670: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 320a mkpasswd-pbkdf2.\n+00001680: 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 . ...grub-mkpa\n+00001690: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2061 sswd-pbkdf2... a\n+000016a0: 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ccepts the follo\n+000016b0: 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 wing options:...\n+000016c0: 8098 2d63 204e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 ..-c NUMBER.....\n+000016d0: 8098 2d2d 6974 6572 6174 696f 6e2d 636f ..--iteration-co\n+000016e0: 756e 743d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a 2020 unt=NUMBER.... \n+000016f0: 2020 204e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2069 7465 Number of ite\n+00001700: 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2075 rations of the u\n+00001710: 6e64 6572 6c79 696e 6720 7073 6575 646f nderlying pseudo\n+00001720: 2d72 616e 646f 6d20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e -random function\n+00001730: 2e0a 2020 2020 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 .. Defaults \n+00001740: 746f 2031 3030 3030 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d6c to 10000......-l\n+00001750: 204e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d NUMBER.......--\n+00001760: 6275 666c 656e 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 buflen=NUMBER...\n+00001770: 0a20 2020 2020 4c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 . Length of \n+00001780: 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 6861 the generated ha\n+00001790: 7368 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f sh. Defaults to\n+000017a0: 2036 342e 0a0a e280 982d 7320 4e55 4d42 64......-s NUMB\n+000017b0: 4552 e280 990a e280 982d 2d73 616c 743d ER.......--salt=\n+000017c0: 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a 2020 2020 204c NUMBER.... L\n+000017d0: 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2073 616c ength of the sal\n+000017e0: 742e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f20 t. Defaults to \n+000017f0: 3634 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 64.....File: gru\n+00001800: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 b.info, Node: I\n+00001810: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+00001820: 656c 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 elpath, Next: I\n+00001830: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+00001840: 6573 6375 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e escue, Prev: In\n+00001850: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 voking grub-mkpa\n+00001860: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5570 sswd-pbkdf2, Up\n+00001870: 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 : User-space uti\n+00001880: 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e34 2049 6e76 lities..24.4 Inv\n+00001890: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c oking grub-mkrel\n+000018a0: 7061 7468 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d path.===========\n 000018b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000018c0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 ====..The progra\n-000018d0: 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 m ...grub-mkrelp\n-000018e0: 6174 68e2 8099 206d 616b 6573 2061 2066 ath... makes a f\n-000018f0: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 ile system path \n-00001900: 7265 6c61 7469 7665 2074 6f20 7468 650a relative to the.\n-00001910: 726f 6f74 206f 6620 6974 7320 636f 6e74 root of its cont\n-00001920: 6169 6e69 6e67 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 aining file syst\n-00001930: 656d 2e20 2046 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 em. For instanc\n-00001940: 652c 2069 6620 e280 982f 7573 72e2 8099 e, if .../usr...\n-00001950: 2069 7320 6120 6d6f 756e 740a 706f 696e is a mount.poin\n-00001960: 742c 2074 6865 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 t, then:.. $\n-00001970: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 6820 grub-mkrelpath \n-00001980: 2f75 7372 2f73 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f /usr/share/grub/\n-00001990: 756e 6963 6f64 652e 7066 320a 2020 2020 unicode.pf2. \n-000019a0: 20e2 8098 2f73 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f .../share/grub/\n-000019b0: 756e 6963 6f64 652e 7066 32e2 8099 0a0a unicode.pf2.....\n-000019c0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c This is mainl\n-000019d0: 7920 7573 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c y used internall\n-000019e0: 7920 6279 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 y by other GRUB \n-000019f0: 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 7375 6368 2061 utilities such a\n-00001a00: 730a e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 s....grub-mkconf\n-00001a10: 6967 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 ig... (*note Inv\n-00001a20: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e oking grub-mkcon\n-00001a30: 6669 673a 3a29 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 fig::), but may \n-00001a40: 6f63 6361 7369 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a61 6c73 occasionally.als\n-00001a50: 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 o be useful for \n-00001a60: 6465 6275 6767 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 20e2 debugging... .\n-00001a70: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 ..grub-mkrelpath\n-00001a80: e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 ... accepts the \n-00001a90: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e following option\n-00001aa0: 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 s:.....--help...\n-00001ab0: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 . Print a su\n-00001ac0: 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d mmary of the com\n-00001ad0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e mand-line option\n-00001ae0: 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 s and exit......\n-00001af0: 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 --version.... \n-00001b00: 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 Print the vers\n-00001b10: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 ion number of GR\n-00001b20: 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 1f0a UB and exit.....\n-00001b30: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00001b40: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Node: Invoking\n-00001b50: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 grub-mkrescue, \n-00001b60: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Next: Invoking \n-00001b70: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 grub-mount, Pre\n-00001b80: 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 v: Invoking grub\n-00001b90: 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a -mkrelpath, Up:\n-00001ba0: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n-00001bb0: 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3520 496e 766f ities..24.5 Invo\n-00001bc0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 king grub-mkresc\n-00001bd0: 7565 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ue.=============\n-00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00001bf0: 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 The program ...g\n-00001c00: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 rub-mkrescue... \n-00001c10: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 626f 6f74 generates a boot\n-00001c20: 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 able GRUB rescue\n-00001c30: 2069 6d61 6765 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d61 image.(*note Ma\n-00001c40: 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 king a GRUB boot\n-00001c50: 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a29 2e0a able CD-ROM::)..\n-00001c60: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 . grub-mkres\n-00001c70: 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a cue -o grub.iso.\n-00001c80: 0a20 2020 416c 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 . All argument\n-00001c90: 7320 6e6f 7420 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 s not explicitly\n-00001ca0: 206c 6973 7465 6420 6173 20e2 8098 6772 listed as ...gr\n-00001cb0: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 206f ub-mkrescue... o\n-00001cc0: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 0a70 6173 7365 ptions are.passe\n-00001cd0: 6420 6f6e 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f d on directly to\n-00001ce0: 20e2 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2069 ...xorriso... i\n-00001cf0: 6e20 e280 986d 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 n ...mkisofs... \n-00001d00: 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2e20 emulation mode. \n-00001d10: 204f 7074 696f 6e73 0a70 6173 7365 6420 Options.passed \n-00001d20: 746f 20e2 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 to ...xorriso...\n-00001d30: 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2062 will normally b\n-00001d40: 6520 696e 7465 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 e interpreted as\n-00001d50: 20e2 8098 6d6b 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 206f ...mkisofs... o\n-00001d60: 7074 696f 6e73 3b0a 6966 2074 6865 206f ptions;.if the o\n-00001d70: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2de2 8099 2069 ption ...--... i\n-00001d80: 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2061 6e79 s used, then any\n-00001d90: 7468 696e 6720 6166 7465 7220 7468 6174 thing after that\n-00001da0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 will be interpr\n-00001db0: 6574 6564 0a61 7320 6e61 7469 7665 20e2 eted.as native .\n-00001dc0: 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 206f 7074 ..xorriso... opt\n-00001dd0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 6e2d 6f70 ions... Non-op\n-00001de0: 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2073 tion arguments s\n-00001df0: 7065 6369 6679 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 pecify additiona\n-00001e00: 6c20 736f 7572 6365 2064 6972 6563 746f l source directo\n-00001e10: 7269 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a63 ries. This is.c\n-00001e20: 6f6d 6d6f 6e6c 7920 7573 6564 2074 6f20 ommonly used to \n-00001e30: 6164 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 add extra files \n-00001e40: 746f 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 3a0a 0a20 to the image:.. \n-00001e50: 2020 2020 6d6b 6469 7220 2d70 2064 6973 mkdir -p dis\n-00001e60: 6b2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 k/boot/grub. \n-00001e70: 2028 6164 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 (add extra file\n-00001e80: 7320 746f 20e2 8098 6469 736b 2f62 6f6f s to ...disk/boo\n-00001e90: 742f 6772 7562 e280 9929 0a20 2020 2020 t/grub...). \n-00001ea0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f grub-mkrescue -o\n-00001eb0: 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f20 6469 736b 0a0a grub.iso disk..\n-00001ec0: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 ...grub-mkres\n-00001ed0: 6375 65e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 cue... accepts t\n-00001ee0: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 he following opt\n-00001ef0: 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 ions:.....--help\n-00001f00: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 .... Print a\n-00001f10: 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 summary of the \n-00001f20: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 command-line opt\n-00001f30: 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a ions and exit...\n-00001f40: e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a ...--version....\n-00001f50: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 Print the v\n-00001f60: 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 ersion number of\n-00001f70: 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a GRUB and exit..\n-00001f80: 0ae2 8098 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 ....-o FILE.....\n-00001f90: 8098 2d2d 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 494c 45e2 ..--output=FILE.\n-00001fa0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5361 7665 206f 7574 ... Save out\n-00001fb0: 7075 7420 696e 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 put in FILE. Th\n-00001fc0: 6973 2022 6f70 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2072 is \"option\" is r\n-00001fd0: 6571 7569 7265 642e 0a0a e280 982d 2d6d equired......--m\n-00001fe0: 6f64 756c 6573 3d4d 4f44 554c 4553 e280 odules=MODULES..\n-00001ff0: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7265 2d6c 6f61 6420 .. Pre-load \n-00002000: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 4752 5542 206d the named GRUB m\n-00002010: 6f64 756c 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d odules in the im\n-00002020: 6167 652e 2020 4d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2065 age. Multiple e\n-00002030: 6e74 7269 6573 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 204d ntries in. M\n-00002040: 4f44 554c 4553 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 ODULES should be\n-00002050: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7768 separated by wh\n-00002060: 6974 6573 7061 6365 2028 736f 2079 6f75 itespace (so you\n-00002070: 2077 696c 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 0a20 will probably. \n-00002080: 2020 2020 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7175 6f74 need to quot\n-00002090: 6520 7468 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 e this for your \n-000020a0: 7368 656c 6c29 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f shell)......--ro\n-000020b0: 6d2d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 4449 52e2 m-directory=DIR.\n-000020c0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 656e 6572 ... If gener\n-000020d0: 6174 696e 6720 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 ating images for\n-000020e0: 2074 6865 2051 454d 5520 6f72 2043 6f72 the QEMU or Cor\n-000020f0: 6562 6f6f 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c eboot platforms,\n-00002100: 2063 6f70 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 copy the. r\n-00002110: 6573 756c 7469 6e67 20e2 8098 7165 6d75 esulting ...qemu\n-00002120: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 636f .img... or ...co\n-00002130: 7265 626f 6f74 2e65 6c66 e280 9920 6669 reboot.elf... fi\n-00002140: 6c65 7320 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 les respectively\n-00002150: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 4952 to the. DIR\n-00002160: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 7765 directory as we\n-00002170: 6c6c 2061 7320 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 ll as including \n-00002180: 7468 656d 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 them in the imag\n-00002190: 652e 0a0a e280 982d 2d78 6f72 7269 736f e......--xorriso\n-000021a0: 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 =FILE.... Us\n-000021b0: 6520 4649 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 e FILE as the ..\n-000021c0: 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 7072 6f67 .xorriso... prog\n-000021d0: 7261 6d2c 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e ram, rather than\n-000021e0: 2074 6865 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a 2020 the built-in. \n-000021f0: 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0ae2 8098 default......\n-00002200: 2d2d 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 3d46 --grub-mkimage=F\n-00002210: 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 ILE.... Use \n-00002220: 4649 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 FILE as the ...g\n-00002230: 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2070 rub-mkimage... p\n-00002240: 726f 6772 616d 2c20 7261 7468 6572 2074 rogram, rather t\n-00002250: 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e han the built-in\n-00002260: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a . default...\n-00002270: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00002280: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 o, Node: Invoki\n-00002290: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 ng grub-mount, \n-000022a0: 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Next: Invoking g\n-000022b0: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5072 6576 rub-probe, Prev\n-000022c0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n-000022d0: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 2055 703a 2055 mkrescue, Up: U\n-000022e0: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n-000022f0: 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3620 496e 766f 6b69 ies..24.6 Invoki\n-00002300: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 740a 3d3d ng grub-mount.==\n+000018c0: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 =..The program .\n+000018d0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 ..grub-mkrelpath\n+000018e0: e280 9920 6d61 6b65 7320 6120 6669 6c65 ... makes a file\n+000018f0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 656c system path rel\n+00001900: 6174 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 0a72 6f6f ative to the.roo\n+00001910: 7420 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 7461 696e t of its contain\n+00001920: 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e ing file system.\n+00001930: 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 For instance, \n+00001940: 6966 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 e280 9920 6973 if .../usr... is\n+00001950: 2061 206d 6f75 6e74 0a70 6f69 6e74 2c20 a mount.point, \n+00001960: 7468 656e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 then:.. $ gr\n+00001970: 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 202f 7573 ub-mkrelpath /us\n+00001980: 722f 7368 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f75 6e69 r/share/grub/uni\n+00001990: 636f 6465 2e70 6632 0a20 2020 2020 e280 code.pf2. ..\n+000019a0: 982f 7368 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f75 6e69 ./share/grub/uni\n+000019b0: 636f 6465 2e70 6632 e280 990a 0a20 2020 code.pf2..... \n+000019c0: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e 6c79 2075 This is mainly u\n+000019d0: 7365 6420 696e 7465 726e 616c 6c79 2062 sed internally b\n+000019e0: 7920 6f74 6865 7220 4752 5542 2075 7469 y other GRUB uti\n+000019f0: 6c69 7469 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 0ae2 lities such as..\n+00001a00: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n+00001a10: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 .. (*note Invoki\n+00001a20: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n+00001a30: 3a3a 292c 2062 7574 206d 6179 206f 6363 ::), but may occ\n+00001a40: 6173 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 616c 736f 2062 asionally.also b\n+00001a50: 6520 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 2064 6562 e useful for deb\n+00001a60: 7567 6769 6e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 ugging... ...g\n+00001a70: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 68e2 8099 rub-mkrelpath...\n+00001a80: 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c accepts the fol\n+00001a90: 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a lowing options:.\n+00001aa0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 ....--help.... \n+00001ab0: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 Print a summa\n+00001ac0: 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ry of the comman\n+00001ad0: 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 d-line options a\n+00001ae0: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 nd exit......--v\n+00001af0: 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 ersion.... P\n+00001b00: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e rint the version\n+00001b10: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 number of GRUB \n+00001b20: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c and exit.....Fil\n+00001b30: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00001b40: 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ode: Invoking gr\n+00001b50: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 652c 2020 4e65 ub-mkrescue, Ne\n+00001b60: 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 xt: Invoking gru\n+00001b70: 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 b-mount, Prev: \n+00001b80: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+00001b90: 7265 6c70 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 relpath, Up: Us\n+00001ba0: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n+00001bb0: 6573 0a0a 3234 2e35 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e es..24.5 Invokin\n+00001bc0: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 650a g grub-mkrescue.\n+00001bd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n+00001bf0: 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 program ...grub\n+00001c00: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 2067 656e -mkrescue... gen\n+00001c10: 6572 6174 6573 2061 2062 6f6f 7461 626c erates a bootabl\n+00001c20: 6520 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d e GRUB rescue im\n+00001c30: 6167 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e age.(*note Makin\n+00001c40: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a GRUB bootabl\n+00001c50: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 e CD-ROM::)... \n+00001c60: 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 grub-mkrescue\n+00001c70: 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f 0a0a 2020 -o grub.iso.. \n+00001c80: 2041 6c6c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 206e All arguments n\n+00001c90: 6f74 2065 7870 6c69 6369 746c 7920 6c69 ot explicitly li\n+00001ca0: 7374 6564 2061 7320 e280 9867 7275 622d sted as ...grub-\n+00001cb0: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 6f70 7469 mkrescue... opti\n+00001cc0: 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 7061 7373 6564 206f ons are.passed o\n+00001cd0: 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2074 6f20 e280 n directly to ..\n+00001ce0: 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 696e 20e2 .xorriso... in .\n+00001cf0: 8098 6d6b 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 2065 6d75 ..mkisofs... emu\n+00001d00: 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4f70 lation mode. Op\n+00001d10: 7469 6f6e 730a 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 tions.passed to \n+00001d20: e280 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 7769 ...xorriso... wi\n+00001d30: 6c6c 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6265 2069 ll normally be i\n+00001d40: 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 e280 nterpreted as ..\n+00001d50: 986d 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 6f70 7469 .mkisofs... opti\n+00001d60: 6f6e 733b 0a69 6620 7468 6520 6f70 7469 ons;.if the opti\n+00001d70: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d e280 9920 6973 2075 on ...--... is u\n+00001d80: 7365 642c 2074 6865 6e20 616e 7974 6869 sed, then anythi\n+00001d90: 6e67 2061 6674 6572 2074 6861 7420 7769 ng after that wi\n+00001da0: 6c6c 2062 6520 696e 7465 7270 7265 7465 ll be interprete\n+00001db0: 640a 6173 206e 6174 6976 6520 e280 9878 d.as native ...x\n+00001dc0: 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e orriso... option\n+00001dd0: 732e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f s... Non-optio\n+00001de0: 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 7370 6563 n arguments spec\n+00001df0: 6966 7920 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2073 ify additional s\n+00001e00: 6f75 7263 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 ource directorie\n+00001e10: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a 636f 6d6d s. This is.comm\n+00001e20: 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6420 746f 2061 6464 only used to add\n+00001e30: 2065 7874 7261 2066 696c 6573 2074 6f20 extra files to \n+00001e40: 7468 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 the image:.. \n+00001e50: 206d 6b64 6972 202d 7020 6469 736b 2f62 mkdir -p disk/b\n+00001e60: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 2861 oot/grub. (a\n+00001e70: 6464 2065 7874 7261 2066 696c 6573 2074 dd extra files t\n+00001e80: 6f20 e280 9864 6973 6b2f 626f 6f74 2f67 o ...disk/boot/g\n+00001e90: 7275 62e2 8099 290a 2020 2020 2067 7275 rub...). gru\n+00001ea0: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 b-mkrescue -o gr\n+00001eb0: 7562 2e69 736f 2064 6973 6b0a 0a20 2020 ub.iso disk.. \n+00001ec0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 ...grub-mkrescue\n+00001ed0: e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 ... accepts the \n+00001ee0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e following option\n+00001ef0: 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 s:.....--help...\n+00001f00: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 . Print a su\n+00001f10: 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d mmary of the com\n+00001f20: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e mand-line option\n+00001f30: 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 s and exit......\n+00001f40: 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 --version.... \n+00001f50: 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 Print the vers\n+00001f60: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 ion number of GR\n+00001f70: 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 UB and exit.....\n+00001f80: 982d 6f20 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 982d .-o FILE.......-\n+00001f90: 2d6f 7574 7075 743d 4649 4c45 e280 990a -output=FILE....\n+00001fa0: 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 6f75 7470 7574 Save output\n+00001fb0: 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6869 7320 in FILE. This \n+00001fc0: 226f 7074 696f 6e22 2069 7320 7265 7175 \"option\" is requ\n+00001fd0: 6972 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6d6f 6475 ired......--modu\n+00001fe0: 6c65 733d 4d4f 4455 4c45 53e2 8099 0a20 les=MODULES.... \n+00001ff0: 2020 2020 5072 652d 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 Pre-load the\n+00002000: 206e 616d 6564 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 named GRUB modu\n+00002010: 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 les in the image\n+00002020: 2e20 204d 756c 7469 706c 6520 656e 7472 . Multiple entr\n+00002030: 6965 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 4d4f 4455 ies in. MODU\n+00002040: 4c45 5320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 7365 LES should be se\n+00002050: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2077 6869 7465 parated by white\n+00002060: 7370 6163 6520 2873 6f20 796f 7520 7769 space (so you wi\n+00002070: 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 626c 790a 2020 2020 ll probably. \n+00002080: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2071 756f 7465 2074 need to quote t\n+00002090: 6869 7320 666f 7220 796f 7572 2073 6865 his for your she\n+000020a0: 6c6c 292e 0a0a e280 982d 2d72 6f6d 2d64 ll)......--rom-d\n+000020b0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d44 4952 e280 990a irectory=DIR....\n+000020c0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 6765 6e65 7261 7469 If generati\n+000020d0: 6e67 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 7220 7468 ng images for th\n+000020e0: 6520 5145 4d55 206f 7220 436f 7265 626f e QEMU or Corebo\n+000020f0: 6f74 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c20 636f ot platforms, co\n+00002100: 7079 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7375 py the. resu\n+00002110: 6c74 696e 6720 e280 9871 656d 752e 696d lting ...qemu.im\n+00002120: 67e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9863 6f72 6562 g... or ...coreb\n+00002130: 6f6f 742e 656c 66e2 8099 2066 696c 6573 oot.elf... files\n+00002140: 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 7920 746f respectively to\n+00002150: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4449 5220 6469 the. DIR di\n+00002160: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2077 656c 6c20 rectory as well \n+00002170: 6173 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 6865 as including the\n+00002180: 6d20 696e 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a m in the image..\n+00002190: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 786f 7272 6973 6f3d 4649 ....--xorriso=FI\n+000021a0: 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 2046 LE.... Use F\n+000021b0: 494c 4520 6173 2074 6865 20e2 8098 786f ILE as the ...xo\n+000021c0: 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2070 726f 6772 616d rriso... program\n+000021d0: 2c20 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 , rather than th\n+000021e0: 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e built-in. \n+000021f0: 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d67 default......--g\n+00002200: 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 653d 4649 4c45 rub-mkimage=FILE\n+00002210: e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 2046 494c .... Use FIL\n+00002220: 4520 6173 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 E as the ...grub\n+00002230: 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 7072 6f67 -mkimage... prog\n+00002240: 7261 6d2c 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e ram, rather than\n+00002250: 2074 6865 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a 2020 the built-in. \n+00002260: 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 default.....F\n+00002270: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00002280: 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Node: Invoking \n+00002290: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 204e 6578 grub-mount, Nex\n+000022a0: 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 t: Invoking grub\n+000022b0: 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 -probe, Prev: I\n+000022c0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+000022d0: 6573 6375 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 escue, Up: User\n+000022e0: 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 -space utilities\n+000022f0: 0a0a 3234 2e36 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 ..24.6 Invoking \n+00002300: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d grub-mount.=====\n 00002310: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00002320: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 ======..The prog\n-00002330: 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e ram ...grub-moun\n-00002340: 74e2 8099 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 t... performs a \n-00002350: 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 7420 read-only mount \n-00002360: 6f66 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 of any file syst\n-00002370: 656d 0a6f 7220 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 em.or file syste\n-00002380: 6d20 696d 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 m image that GRU\n-00002390: 4220 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 732c 2075 B understands, u\n-000023a0: 7369 6e67 2047 5255 4227 7320 6669 6c65 sing GRUB's file\n-000023b0: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6472 6976 6572 7320 system.drivers \n-000023c0: 7669 6120 4655 5345 2e20 2849 7420 6973 via FUSE. (It is\n-000023d0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 only available \n-000023e0: 6966 2046 5553 4520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d if FUSE developm\n-000023f0: 656e 7420 6669 6c65 7320 7765 7265 0a70 ent files were.p\n-00002400: 7265 7365 6e74 2077 6865 6e20 4752 5542 resent when GRUB\n-00002410: 2077 6173 2062 7569 6c74 2e29 2020 5468 was built.) Th\n-00002420: 6973 2068 6173 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 is has a number \n-00002430: 6f66 2075 7365 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 of uses:.. ...\n-00002440: 2049 7420 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 2063 It provides a c\n-00002450: 6f6e 7665 6e69 656e 7420 7761 7920 746f onvenient way to\n-00002460: 2063 6865 636b 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 check how GRUB \n-00002470: 7769 6c6c 2076 6965 7720 6120 6669 6c65 will view a file\n-00002480: 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 2061 7420 . system at \n-00002490: 626f 6f74 2074 696d 652e 2020 596f 7520 boot time. You \n-000024a0: 6361 6e20 7573 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 2063 can use normal c\n-000024b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 746f 6f6c ommand-line tool\n-000024c0: 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6172 s to. compar\n-000024d0: 6520 7468 6174 2076 6965 7720 7769 7468 e that view with\n-000024e0: 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 that of your op\n-000024f0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 erating system, \n-00002500: 6d61 6b69 6e67 2069 740a 2020 2020 2065 making it. e\n-00002510: 6173 7920 746f 2066 696e 6420 6275 6773 asy to find bugs\n-00002520: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4974 206f 6666 ... ... It off\n-00002530: 6572 7320 7472 7565 2072 6561 642d 6f6e ers true read-on\n-00002540: 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 732e 2020 4c69 6e75 ly mounts. Linu\n-00002550: 7820 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 x does not have \n-00002560: 7468 6573 6520 666f 720a 2020 2020 206a these for. j\n-00002570: 6f75 726e 616c 6c69 6e67 2066 696c 6520 ournalling file \n-00002580: 7379 7374 656d 732c 2062 6563 6175 7365 systems, because\n-00002590: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 6c77 6179 7320 it will always \n-000025a0: 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 2072 6570 6c61 attempt to repla\n-000025b0: 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206a 6f75 726e y. the journ\n-000025c0: 616c 2061 7420 6d6f 756e 7420 7469 6d65 al at mount time\n-000025d0: 3b20 7768 696c 6520 796f 7520 6361 6e20 ; while you can \n-000025e0: 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 696c 7920 6d61 726b temporarily mark\n-000025f0: 2074 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 0a20 2020 2020 the block. \n-00002600: 6465 7669 6365 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 device read-only\n-00002610: 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7468 6973 2c20 to avoid this, \n-00002620: 7468 6174 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6520 that causes the \n-00002630: 6d6f 756e 7420 746f 2066 6169 6c2e 0a20 mount to fail.. \n-00002640: 2020 2020 5369 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2069 Since GRUB i\n-00002650: 6e74 656e 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2063 6f6e ntentionally con\n-00002660: 7461 696e 7320 6e6f 2063 6f64 6520 666f tains no code fo\n-00002670: 7220 7772 6974 696e 6720 746f 2066 696c r writing to fil\n-00002680: 650a 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 e. systems, \n-00002690: 6974 2063 616e 2065 6173 696c 7920 7072 it can easily pr\n-000026a0: 6f76 6964 6520 6120 6775 6172 616e 7465 ovide a guarante\n-000026b0: 6564 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 ed read-only mou\n-000026c0: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 nt. mechanis\n-000026d0: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 616c m... ... It al\n-000026e0: 6c6f 7773 2079 6f75 2074 6f20 6578 616d lows you to exam\n-000026f0: 696e 6520 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 ine any file sys\n-00002700: 7465 6d20 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e tem that GRUB un\n-00002710: 6465 7273 7461 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2077 derstands. w\n-00002720: 6974 686f 7574 206e 6565 6469 6e67 2074 ithout needing t\n-00002730: 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 o load additiona\n-00002740: 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 696e 746f 2079 l modules into y\n-00002750: 6f75 7220 7275 6e6e 696e 670a 2020 2020 our running. \n-00002760: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2077 6869 6368 206d kernel, which m\n-00002770: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 ay be useful in \n-00002780: 636f 6e73 7472 6169 6e65 6420 656e 7669 constrained envi\n-00002790: 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 ronments such as\n-000027a0: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7273 . installers\n-000027b0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5369 6e63 6520 ... ... Since \n-000027c0: 6974 2063 616e 2065 7861 6d69 6e65 2066 it can examine f\n-000027d0: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 ile system image\n-000027e0: 7320 2863 6f6e 7461 696e 6564 2069 6e20 s (contained in \n-000027f0: 7265 6775 6c61 720a 2020 2020 2066 696c regular. fil\n-00002800: 6573 2920 6a75 7374 2061 7320 6561 7369 es) just as easi\n-00002810: 6c79 2061 7320 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 ly as file syste\n-00002820: 6d73 206f 6e20 626c 6f63 6b20 6465 7669 ms on block devi\n-00002830: 6365 732c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 ces, you can use\n-00002840: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 2074 6f20 696e 7370 . it to insp\n-00002850: 6563 7420 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 ect any file sys\n-00002860: 7465 6d20 696d 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 tem image that G\n-00002870: 5255 4220 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 7320 RUB understands \n-00002880: 7769 7468 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2065 with only. e\n-00002890: 6e6f 7567 6820 7072 6976 696c 6567 6573 nough privileges\n-000028a0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 4655 5345 2c20 6576 to use FUSE, ev\n-000028b0: 656e 2069 6620 6e6f 626f 6479 2068 6173 en if nobody has\n-000028c0: 2079 6574 2077 7269 7474 656e 2061 0a20 yet written a. \n-000028d0: 2020 2020 4655 5345 206d 6f64 756c 6520 FUSE module \n-000028e0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 specifically for\n-000028f0: 2074 6861 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 that file syste\n-00002900: 6d20 7479 7065 2e0a 0a20 2020 5573 696e m type... Usin\n-00002910: 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 g ...grub-mount.\n-00002920: 8099 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 .. is normally a\n-00002930: 7320 7369 6d70 6c65 2061 733a 0a0a 2020 s simple as:.. \n-00002940: 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 grub-mount /d\n-00002950: 6576 2f73 6461 3120 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 ev/sda1 /mnt.. \n-00002960: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 ...grub-mount..\n-00002970: 9920 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 . must be given \n-00002980: 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696d 6167 one or more imag\n-00002990: 6573 2061 6e64 2061 206d 6f75 6e74 2070 es and a mount p\n-000029a0: 6f69 6e74 2061 730a 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 oint as.non-opti\n-000029b0: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2028 6966 on arguments (if\n-000029c0: 2069 7420 6973 2067 6976 656e 206d 6f72 it is given mor\n-000029d0: 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2069 6d61 6765 e than one image\n-000029e0: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7472 6561 740a , it will treat.\n-000029f0: 7468 656d 2061 7320 6120 5241 4944 2073 them as a RAID s\n-00002a00: 6574 292c 2061 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6163 et), and also ac\n-00002a10: 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 cepts the follow\n-00002a20: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 ing options:....\n-00002a30: 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .--help.... \n-00002a40: 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 Print a summary \n-00002a50: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c of the command-l\n-00002a60: 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 ine options and \n-00002a70: 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 exit......--vers\n-00002a80: 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e ion.... Prin\n-00002a90: 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 t the version nu\n-00002aa0: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 mber of GRUB and\n-00002ab0: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 43e2 8099 exit......-C...\n-00002ac0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6372 7970 746f e280 990a ....--crypto....\n-00002ad0: 2020 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 2065 6e63 7279 Mount encry\n-00002ae0: 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c20 7072 pted devices, pr\n-00002af0: 6f6d 7074 696e 6720 666f 7220 6120 7061 ompting for a pa\n-00002b00: 7373 7068 7261 7365 2069 6620 6e65 6365 ssphrase if nece\n-00002b10: 7373 6172 792e 0a0a e280 982d 6420 5354 ssary......-d ST\n-00002b20: 5249 4e47 e280 990a e280 982d 2d64 6562 RING.......--deb\n-00002b30: 7567 3d53 5452 494e 47e2 8099 0a20 2020 ug=STRING.... \n-00002b40: 2020 5368 6f77 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 Show debugging\n-00002b50: 206f 7574 7075 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e64 output for cond\n-00002b60: 6974 696f 6e73 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 itions matching \n-00002b70: 5354 5249 4e47 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d4b 2070 STRING......-K p\n-00002b80: 726f 6d70 747c 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 rompt|FILE......\n-00002b90: 982d 2d7a 6673 2d6b 6579 3d70 726f 6d70 .--zfs-key=promp\n-00002ba0: 747c 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 204c t|FILE.... L\n-00002bb0: 6f61 6420 6120 5a46 5320 656e 6372 7970 oad a ZFS encryp\n-00002bc0: 7469 6f6e 206b 6579 2e20 2049 6620 796f tion key. If yo\n-00002bd0: 7520 7573 6520 e280 9870 726f 6d70 74e2 u use ...prompt.\n-00002be0: 8099 2061 7320 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 .. as the argume\n-00002bf0: 6e74 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 nt,. ...grub\n-00002c00: 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2072 -mount... will r\n-00002c10: 6561 6420 6120 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 ead a passphrase\n-00002c20: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e from the termin\n-00002c30: 616c 3b20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 0a20 al; otherwise,. \n-00002c40: 2020 2020 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 it will read\n-00002c50: 206b 6579 206d 6174 6572 6961 6c20 6672 key material fr\n-00002c60: 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 om the specified\n-00002c70: 2066 696c 652e 0a0a e280 982d 7220 4445 file......-r DE\n-00002c80: 5649 4345 e280 990a e280 982d 2d72 6f6f VICE.......--roo\n-00002c90: 743d 4445 5649 4345 e280 990a 2020 2020 t=DEVICE.... \n-00002ca0: 2053 6574 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 726f Set the GRUB ro\n-00002cb0: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2044 4556 ot device to DEV\n-00002cc0: 4943 452e 2020 596f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 ICE. You do not\n-00002cd0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 normally need t\n-00002ce0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2074 6869 733b o. set this;\n-00002cf0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 ...grub-mount..\n-00002d00: 9920 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 . will automatic\n-00002d10: 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 6f6f ally set the roo\n-00002d20: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 t device to. \n-00002d30: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 the root of the\n-00002d40: 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 6669 6c65 2073 supplied file s\n-00002d50: 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 ystem... If \n-00002d60: 4445 5649 4345 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 DEVICE is just a\n-00002d70: 206e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 6974 number, then it\n-00002d80: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2074 7265 6174 6564 will be treated\n-00002d90: 2061 7320 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a as a partition.\n-00002da0: 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 7769 7468 number with\n-00002db0: 696e 2074 6865 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 in the supplied \n-00002dc0: 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 image. This mea\n-00002dd0: 6e73 2074 6861 742c 2069 6620 796f 7520 ns that, if you \n-00002de0: 6861 7665 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 have an. ima\n-00002df0: 6765 206f 6620 616e 2065 6e74 6972 6520 ge of an entire \n-00002e00: 6469 736b 2069 6e20 e280 9864 6973 6b2e disk in ...disk.\n-00002e10: 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 img..., then you\n-00002e20: 2063 616e 2075 7365 2074 6869 730a 2020 can use this. \n-00002e30: 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6d6f command to mo\n-00002e40: 756e 7420 6974 7320 7365 636f 6e64 2070 unt its second p\n-00002e50: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 artition:.. \n-00002e60: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 grub-mount \n-00002e70: 2d72 2032 2064 6973 6b2e 696d 6720 6d6f -r 2 disk.img mo\n-00002e80: 756e 742d 706f 696e 740a 0ae2 8098 2d76 unt-point.....-v\n-00002e90: e280 990a e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 .......--verbose\n-00002ea0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2076 .... Print v\n-00002eb0: 6572 626f 7365 206d 6573 7361 6765 732e erbose messages.\n-00002ec0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00002ed0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f nfo, Node: Invo\n-00002ee0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c king grub-probe,\n-00002ef0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Next: Invoking\n-00002f00: 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 grub-script-che\n-00002f10: 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b ck, Prev: Invok\n-00002f20: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 ing grub-mount, \n-00002f30: 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 Up: User-space \n-00002f40: 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3720 utilities..24.7 \n-00002f50: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 Invoking grub-pr\n-00002f60: 6f62 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d obe.============\n-00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-00002f80: 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 e program ...gru\n-00002f90: 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2070 726f 6265 b-probe... probe\n-00002fa0: 7320 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 s device informa\n-00002fb0: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 2067 6976 656e tion for a given\n-00002fc0: 2070 6174 6820 6f72 0a64 6576 6963 652e path or.device.\n-00002fd0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 .. grub-prob\n-00002fe0: 6520 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d66 7320 2f62 e --target=fs /b\n-00002ff0: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 6772 oot/grub. gr\n-00003000: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 202d 2d74 6172 6765 ub-probe --targe\n-00003010: 743d 6472 6976 6520 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 t=drive --device\n-00003020: 202f 6465 762f 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 20e2 /dev/sda1.. .\n-00003030: 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 ..grub-probe... \n-00003040: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6120 must be given a \n-00003050: 7061 7468 206f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 path or device a\n-00003060: 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 s a non-option a\n-00003070: 7267 756d 656e 742c 0a61 6e64 2061 6c73 rgument,.and als\n-00003080: 6f20 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f o accepts the fo\n-00003090: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a llowing options:\n-000030a0: 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 .....--help.... \n-000030b0: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d Print a summ\n-000030c0: 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ary of the comma\n-000030d0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 nd-line options \n-000030e0: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d and exit......--\n-000030f0: 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 version.... \n-00003100: 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f Print the versio\n-00003110: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 n number of GRUB\n-00003120: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d and exit......-\n-00003130: 64e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 d.......--device\n-00003140: e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 .... If this\n-00003150: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e option is given\n-00003160: 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 206e 6f6e 2d6f , then the non-o\n-00003170: 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 ption argument i\n-00003180: 7320 6120 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 s a system. \n-00003190: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 2873 7563 device name (suc\n-000031a0: 6820 6173 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 h as .../dev/sda\n-000031b0: 31e2 8099 292c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 1...), and ...gr\n-000031c0: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 7769 6c6c ub-probe... will\n-000031d0: 2070 7269 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f print. info\n-000031e0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 rmation about th\n-000031f0: 6174 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 2069 at device. If i\n-00003200: 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2067 6976 656e 2c20 t is not given, \n-00003210: 7468 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f then the. no\n-00003220: 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e n-option argumen\n-00003230: 7420 6973 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 t is a filesyste\n-00003240: 6d20 7061 7468 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 m path (such as \n-00003250: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 .../boot/grub...\n-00003260: 292c 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 9867 ),. and ...g\n-00003270: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2077 696c rub-probe... wil\n-00003280: 6c20 7072 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 l print informat\n-00003290: 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6465 ion about the de\n-000032a0: 7669 6365 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 670a vice containing.\n-000032b0: 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 7061 7274 206f that part o\n-000032c0: 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d f the filesystem\n-000032d0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d6d 2046 494c 45e2 8099 ......-m FILE...\n-000032e0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 2d6d 6170 ....--device-map\n-000032f0: 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 =FILE.... Us\n-00003300: 6520 4649 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 6465 e FILE as the de\n-00003310: 7669 6365 206d 6170 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 vice map (*note \n-00003320: 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 2920 7261 Device map::) ra\n-00003330: 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 650a 2020 ther than the. \n-00003340: 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 7573 7561 default, usua\n-00003350: 6c6c 7920 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 lly .../boot/gru\n-00003360: 622f 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 992e b/device.map....\n-00003370: 0a0a e280 982d 7420 5441 5247 4554 e280 .....-t TARGET..\n-00003380: 990a e280 982d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 5441 .....--target=TA\n-00003390: 5247 4554 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 RGET.... Pri\n-000033a0: 6e74 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 nt information a\n-000033b0: 626f 7574 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e 2070 bout the given p\n-000033c0: 6174 6820 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 ath or device as\n-000033d0: 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 defined by. \n-000033e0: 2054 4152 4745 542e 2020 5468 6520 6176 TARGET. The av\n-000033f0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7461 7267 6574 7320 ailable targets \n-00003400: 616e 6420 7468 6569 7220 6d65 616e 696e and their meanin\n-00003410: 6773 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 gs are:.. ..\n-00003420: 9866 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .fs.... \n-00003430: 2047 5255 4220 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d GRUB filesystem\n-00003440: 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 module.. ..\n-00003450: 9866 735f 7575 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 .fs_uuid.... \n-00003460: 2020 2020 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d Filesystem\n-00003470: 2055 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2055 6e69 Universally Uni\n-00003480: 7175 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 2028 que Identifier (\n-00003490: 5555 4944 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 UUID).. ...f\n-000034a0: 735f 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 s_label.... \n-000034b0: 2020 2020 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 Filesystem \n-000034c0: 6c61 6265 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 label.. ...d\n-000034d0: 7269 7665 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 rive.... \n-000034e0: 2020 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 GRUB device na\n-000034f0: 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6465 7669 me.. ...devi\n-00003500: 6365 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce.... \n-00003510: 5379 7374 656d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 System device na\n-00003520: 6d65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7061 7274 me.. ...part\n-00003530: 6d61 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 map.... \n-00003540: 2047 5255 4220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 GRUB partition \n-00003550: 6d61 7020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 map module.. \n-00003560: 20e2 8098 6162 7374 7261 6374 696f 6ee2 ...abstraction.\n-00003570: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 ... GRU\n-00003580: 4220 6162 7374 7261 6374 696f 6e20 6d6f B abstraction mo\n-00003590: 6475 6c65 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 986c dule (e.g. ...l\n-000035a0: 766d e280 9929 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 vm...).. ...\n-000035b0: 6372 7970 746f 6469 736b 5f75 7569 64e2 cryptodisk_uuid.\n-000035c0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 7279 ... 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A \n-00003890: 6775 6573 7320 6174 2061 2072 6561 736f guess at a reaso\n-000038a0: 6e61 626c 6520 4752 5542 2064 7269 7665 nable GRUB drive\n-000038b0: 206e 616d 6520 666f 7220 7468 6973 2064 name for this d\n-000038c0: 6576 6963 652c 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 evice, which. \n-000038d0: 2020 2020 2020 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 may be us\n-000038e0: 6564 2061 7320 6120 6661 6c6c 6261 636b ed as a fallback\n-000038f0: 2069 6620 7468 6520 e280 9873 6561 7263 if the ...searc\n-00003900: 68e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2066 6169 h... command fai\n-00003910: 6c73 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6469 736b ls.. ...disk\n-00003920: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 .... Sy\n-00003930: 7374 656d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 stem device name\n-00003940: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2064 for the whole d\n-00003950: 6973 6b2e 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 isk......-v.....\n-00003960: 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 ..--verbose.... \n-00003970: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7665 7262 6f73 Print verbos\n-00003980: 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 e messages.....F\n-00003990: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000039a0: 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Node: Invoking \n-000039b0: 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 grub-script-chec\n-000039c0: 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 k, Prev: Invoki\n-000039d0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 ng grub-probe, \n-000039e0: 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 Up: User-space u\n-000039f0: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e38 2049 tilities..24.8 I\n-00003a00: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 nvoking grub-scr\n-00003a10: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ipt-check.======\n+00002320: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d ===..The program\n+00002330: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 ...grub-mount..\n+00002340: 9920 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 2072 6561 . performs a rea\n+00002350: 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 d-only mount of \n+00002360: 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a any file system.\n+00002370: 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 or file system i\n+00002380: 6d61 6765 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 mage that GRUB u\n+00002390: 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 2c20 7573 696e nderstands, usin\n+000023a0: 6720 4752 5542 2773 2066 696c 6520 7379 g GRUB's file sy\n+000023b0: 7374 656d 0a64 7269 7665 7273 2076 6961 stem.drivers via\n+000023c0: 2046 5553 452e 2028 4974 2069 7320 6f6e FUSE. (It is on\n+000023d0: 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6620 ly available if \n+000023e0: 4655 5345 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 FUSE development\n+000023f0: 2066 696c 6573 2077 6572 650a 7072 6573 files were.pres\n+00002400: 656e 7420 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 7761 ent when GRUB wa\n+00002410: 7320 6275 696c 742e 2920 2054 6869 7320 s built.) This \n+00002420: 6861 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 has a number of \n+00002430: 7573 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4974 uses:.. ... It\n+00002440: 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 636f 6e76 provides a conv\n+00002450: 656e 6965 6e74 2077 6179 2074 6f20 6368 enient way to ch\n+00002460: 6563 6b20 686f 7720 4752 5542 2077 696c eck how GRUB wil\n+00002470: 6c20 7669 6577 2061 2066 696c 650a 2020 l view a file. \n+00002480: 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 2062 6f6f system at boo\n+00002490: 7420 7469 6d65 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e t time. You can\n+000024a0: 2075 7365 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 636f 6d6d use normal comm\n+000024b0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2074 6f6f 6c73 2074 and-line tools t\n+000024c0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 o. compare t\n+000024d0: 6861 7420 7669 6577 2077 6974 6820 7468 hat view with th\n+000024e0: 6174 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 at of your opera\n+000024f0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 206d 616b ting system, mak\n+00002500: 696e 6720 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6561 7379 ing it. easy\n+00002510: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2062 7567 732e 0a0a to find bugs...\n+00002520: 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 6f66 6665 7273 ... It offers\n+00002530: 2074 7275 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 true read-only \n+00002540: 6d6f 756e 7473 2e20 204c 696e 7578 2064 mounts. Linux d\n+00002550: 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 2074 6865 oes not have the\n+00002560: 7365 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6a6f 7572 se for. jour\n+00002570: 6e61 6c6c 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 nalling file sys\n+00002580: 7465 6d73 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 6974 tems, because it\n+00002590: 2077 696c 6c20 616c 7761 7973 2061 7474 will always att\n+000025a0: 656d 7074 2074 6f20 7265 706c 6179 0a20 empt to replay. \n+000025b0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6a6f 7572 6e61 6c20 the journal \n+000025c0: 6174 206d 6f75 6e74 2074 696d 653b 2077 at mount time; w\n+000025d0: 6869 6c65 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2074 656d hile you can tem\n+000025e0: 706f 7261 7269 6c79 206d 6172 6b20 7468 porarily mark th\n+000025f0: 6520 626c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 e block. dev\n+00002600: 6963 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 746f ice read-only to\n+00002610: 2061 766f 6964 2074 6869 732c 2074 6861 avoid this, tha\n+00002620: 7420 6361 7573 6573 2074 6865 206d 6f75 t causes the mou\n+00002630: 6e74 2074 6f20 6661 696c 2e0a 2020 2020 nt to fail.. \n+00002640: 2053 696e 6365 2047 5255 4220 696e 7465 Since GRUB inte\n+00002650: 6e74 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 636f 6e74 6169 ntionally contai\n+00002660: 6e73 206e 6f20 636f 6465 2066 6f72 2077 ns no code for w\n+00002670: 7269 7469 6e67 2074 6f20 6669 6c65 0a20 riting to file. \n+00002680: 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2069 7420 systems, it \n+00002690: 6361 6e20 6561 7369 6c79 2070 726f 7669 can easily provi\n+000026a0: 6465 2061 2067 7561 7261 6e74 6565 6420 de a guaranteed \n+000026b0: 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 740a read-only mount.\n+000026c0: 2020 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2e0a mechanism..\n+000026d0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4974 2061 6c6c 6f77 . ... It allow\n+000026e0: 7320 796f 7520 746f 2065 7861 6d69 6e65 s you to examine\n+000026f0: 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d any file system\n+00002700: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 6e64 6572 that GRUB under\n+00002710: 7374 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 stands. with\n+00002720: 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 746f 206c out needing to l\n+00002730: 6f61 6420 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 206d oad additional m\n+00002740: 6f64 756c 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 796f 7572 odules into your\n+00002750: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 running. ke\n+00002760: 726e 656c 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 rnel, which may \n+00002770: 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e 2063 6f6e be useful in con\n+00002780: 7374 7261 696e 6564 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e strained environ\n+00002790: 6d65 6e74 7320 7375 6368 2061 730a 2020 ments such as. \n+000027a0: 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 732e 0a0a installers...\n+000027b0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 696e 6365 2069 7420 ... Since it \n+000027c0: 6361 6e20 6578 616d 696e 6520 6669 6c65 can examine file\n+000027d0: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696d 6167 6573 2028 system images (\n+000027e0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 696e 2072 6567 contained in reg\n+000027f0: 756c 6172 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7329 ular. files)\n+00002800: 206a 7573 7420 6173 2065 6173 696c 7920 just as easily \n+00002810: 6173 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 7320 as file systems \n+00002820: 6f6e 2062 6c6f 636b 2064 6576 6963 6573 on block devices\n+00002830: 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a 2020 , you can use. \n+00002840: 2020 2069 7420 746f 2069 6e73 7065 6374 it to inspect\n+00002850: 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d any file system\n+00002860: 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 image that GRUB\n+00002870: 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 2077 6974 understands wit\n+00002880: 6820 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6f75 h only. enou\n+00002890: 6768 2070 7269 7669 6c65 6765 7320 746f gh privileges to\n+000028a0: 2075 7365 2046 5553 452c 2065 7665 6e20 use FUSE, even \n+000028b0: 6966 206e 6f62 6f64 7920 6861 7320 7965 if nobody has ye\n+000028c0: 7420 7772 6974 7465 6e20 610a 2020 2020 t written a. \n+000028d0: 2046 5553 4520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2073 7065 FUSE module spe\n+000028e0: 6369 6669 6361 6c6c 7920 666f 7220 7468 cifically for th\n+000028f0: 6174 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2074 at file system t\n+00002900: 7970 652e 0a0a 2020 2055 7369 6e67 20e2 ype... Using .\n+00002910: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 ..grub-mount... \n+00002920: 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6173 2073 is normally as s\n+00002930: 696d 706c 6520 6173 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 imple as:.. \n+00002940: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202f 6465 762f grub-mount /dev/\n+00002950: 7364 6131 202f 6d6e 740a 0a20 2020 e280 sda1 /mnt.. ..\n+00002960: 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 206d .grub-mount... m\n+00002970: 7573 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e 206f 6e65 ust be given one\n+00002980: 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 7320 or more images \n+00002990: 616e 6420 6120 6d6f 756e 7420 706f 696e and a mount poin\n+000029a0: 7420 6173 0a6e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 t as.non-option \n+000029b0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 2869 6620 6974 arguments (if it\n+000029c0: 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6d6f 7265 2074 is given more t\n+000029d0: 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 696d 6167 652c 2069 han one image, i\n+000029e0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7265 6174 0a74 6865 t will treat.the\n+000029f0: 6d20 6173 2061 2052 4149 4420 7365 7429 m as a RAID set)\n+00002a00: 2c20 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 6363 6570 , and also accep\n+00002a10: 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 ts the following\n+00002a20: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d options:.....--\n+00002a30: 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 help.... Pri\n+00002a40: 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 nt a summary of \n+00002a50: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 the command-line\n+00002a60: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 options and exi\n+00002a70: 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e t......--version\n+00002a80: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 .... Print t\n+00002a90: 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 he version numbe\n+00002aa0: 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 r of GRUB and ex\n+00002ab0: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d43 e280 990a e280 it......-C......\n+00002ac0: 982d 2d63 7279 7074 6fe2 8099 0a20 2020 .--crypto.... \n+00002ad0: 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 656e 6372 7970 7465 Mount encrypte\n+00002ae0: 6420 6465 7669 6365 732c 2070 726f 6d70 d devices, promp\n+00002af0: 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 2061 2070 6173 7370 ting for a passp\n+00002b00: 6872 6173 6520 6966 206e 6563 6573 7361 hrase if necessa\n+00002b10: 7279 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d64 2053 5452 494e ry......-d STRIN\n+00002b20: 47e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 6275 673d G.......--debug=\n+00002b30: 5354 5249 4e47 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 STRING.... S\n+00002b40: 686f 7720 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 6f75 how debugging ou\n+00002b50: 7470 7574 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 tput for conditi\n+00002b60: 6f6e 7320 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2053 5452 ons matching STR\n+00002b70: 494e 472e 0a0a e280 982d 4b20 7072 6f6d ING......-K prom\n+00002b80: 7074 7c46 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d pt|FILE.......--\n+00002b90: 7a66 732d 6b65 793d 7072 6f6d 7074 7c46 zfs-key=prompt|F\n+00002ba0: 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 ILE.... Load\n+00002bb0: 2061 205a 4653 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f a ZFS encryptio\n+00002bc0: 6e20 6b65 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2075 n key. If you u\n+00002bd0: 7365 20e2 8098 7072 6f6d 7074 e280 9920 se ...prompt... \n+00002be0: 6173 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 742c as the argument,\n+00002bf0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f . ...grub-mo\n+00002c00: 756e 74e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 unt... will read\n+00002c10: 2061 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 6672 a passphrase fr\n+00002c20: 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3b om the terminal;\n+00002c30: 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 otherwise,. \n+00002c40: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 6b65 it will read ke\n+00002c50: 7920 6d61 7465 7269 616c 2066 726f 6d20 y material from \n+00002c60: 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6669 the specified fi\n+00002c70: 6c65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d72 2044 4556 4943 le......-r DEVIC\n+00002c80: 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f 6f74 3d44 E.......--root=D\n+00002c90: 4556 4943 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 EVICE.... Se\n+00002ca0: 7420 7468 6520 4752 5542 2072 6f6f 7420 t the GRUB root \n+00002cb0: 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 4445 5649 4345 device to DEVICE\n+00002cc0: 2e20 2059 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 6e6f . You do not no\n+00002cd0: 726d 616c 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 0a20 rmally need to. \n+00002ce0: 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 3b20 e280 set this; ..\n+00002cf0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2077 .grub-mount... w\n+00002d00: 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c ill automaticall\n+00002d10: 7920 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 y set the root d\n+00002d20: 6576 6963 6520 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 evice to. th\n+00002d30: 6520 726f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7375 e root of the su\n+00002d40: 7070 6c69 6564 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 pplied file syst\n+00002d50: 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2044 4556 em... If DEV\n+00002d60: 4943 4520 6973 206a 7573 7420 6120 6e75 ICE is just a nu\n+00002d70: 6d62 6572 2c20 7468 656e 2069 7420 7769 mber, then it wi\n+00002d80: 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 ll be treated as\n+00002d90: 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 a partition. \n+00002da0: 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2077 6974 6869 6e20 number within \n+00002db0: 7468 6520 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2069 6d61 the supplied ima\n+00002dc0: 6765 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 ge. This means \n+00002dd0: 7468 6174 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 that, if you hav\n+00002de0: 6520 616e 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 e an. image \n+00002df0: 6f66 2061 6e20 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 of an entire dis\n+00002e00: 6b20 696e 20e2 8098 6469 736b 2e69 6d67 k in ...disk.img\n+00002e10: e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6361 ..., then you ca\n+00002e20: 6e20 7573 6520 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 n use this. \n+00002e30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 command to mount\n+00002e40: 2069 7473 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 7061 7274 its second part\n+00002e50: 6974 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ition:.. \n+00002e60: 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202d 7220 grub-mount -r \n+00002e70: 3220 6469 736b 2e69 6d67 206d 6f75 6e74 2 disk.img mount\n+00002e80: 2d70 6f69 6e74 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 -point.....-v...\n+00002e90: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 ....--verbose...\n+00002ea0: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7665 7262 . Print verb\n+00002eb0: 6f73 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2e0a 0a1f ose messages....\n+00002ec0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00002ed0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Node: Invokin\n+00002ee0: 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 204e g grub-probe, N\n+00002ef0: 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ext: Invoking gr\n+00002f00: 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2c ub-script-check,\n+00002f10: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Prev: Invoking\n+00002f20: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5570 grub-mount, Up\n+00002f30: 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 : User-space uti\n+00002f40: 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e37 2049 6e76 lities..24.7 Inv\n+00002f50: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 oking grub-probe\n+00002f60: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 =========..The p\n+00002f80: 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 rogram ...grub-p\n+00002f90: 726f 6265 e280 9920 7072 6f62 6573 2064 robe... probes d\n+00002fa0: 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f evice informatio\n+00002fb0: 6e20 666f 7220 6120 6769 7665 6e20 7061 n for a given pa\n+00002fc0: 7468 206f 720a 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 th or.device... \n+00002fd0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 202d grub-probe -\n+00002fe0: 2d74 6172 6765 743d 6673 202f 626f 6f74 -target=fs /boot\n+00002ff0: 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d /grub. grub-\n+00003000: 7072 6f62 6520 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d64 probe --target=d\n+00003010: 7269 7665 202d 2d64 6576 6963 6520 2f64 rive --device /d\n+00003020: 6576 2f73 6461 310a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 ev/sda1.. ...g\n+00003030: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 206d 7573 rub-probe... mus\n+00003040: 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e 2061 2070 6174 t be given a pat\n+00003050: 6820 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 2061 h or device as a\n+00003060: 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 non-option argu\n+00003070: 6d65 6e74 2c0a 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 ment,.and also a\n+00003080: 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ccepts the follo\n+00003090: 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 wing options:...\n+000030a0: 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 ..--help.... \n+000030b0: 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 Print a summary\n+000030c0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d of the command-\n+000030d0: 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 line options and\n+000030e0: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 exit......--ver\n+000030f0: 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 sion.... Pri\n+00003100: 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e nt the version n\n+00003110: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e umber of GRUB an\n+00003120: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d64 e280 d exit......-d..\n+00003130: 990a e280 982d 2d64 6576 6963 65e2 8099 .....--device...\n+00003140: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 . If this op\n+00003150: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 tion is given, t\n+00003160: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 hen the non-opti\n+00003170: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 on argument is a\n+00003180: 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 system. dev\n+00003190: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 7375 6368 2061 ice name (such a\n+000031a0: 7320 e280 982f 6465 762f 7364 6131 e280 s .../dev/sda1..\n+000031b0: 9929 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9867 7275 622d .), and ...grub-\n+000031c0: 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7072 probe... will pr\n+000031d0: 696e 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 int. informa\n+000031e0: 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2074 6861 7420 tion about that \n+000031f0: 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2049 6620 6974 2069 device. If it i\n+00003200: 7320 6e6f 7420 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 s not given, the\n+00003210: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 2d6f n the. non-o\n+00003220: 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 ption argument i\n+00003230: 7320 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2070 s a filesystem p\n+00003240: 6174 6820 2873 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 ath (such as ...\n+00003250: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 9929 2c0a /boot/grub...),.\n+00003260: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 and ...grub\n+00003270: 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2070 -probe... will p\n+00003280: 7269 6e74 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e rint information\n+00003290: 2061 626f 7574 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 about the devic\n+000032a0: 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 0a20 2020 e containing. \n+000032b0: 2020 7468 6174 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 that part of t\n+000032c0: 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a he filesystem...\n+000032d0: e280 982d 6d20 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 ...-m FILE......\n+000032e0: 982d 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 703d 4649 .--device-map=FI\n+000032f0: 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 2046 LE.... Use F\n+00003300: 494c 4520 6173 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 ILE as the devic\n+00003310: 6520 6d61 7020 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 e map (*note Dev\n+00003320: 6963 6520 6d61 703a 3a29 2072 6174 6865 ice map::) rathe\n+00003330: 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 r than the. \n+00003340: 6465 6661 756c 742c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 default, usually\n+00003350: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f64 .../boot/grub/d\n+00003360: 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 evice.map.......\n+00003370: 8098 2d74 2054 4152 4745 54e2 8099 0ae2 ..-t TARGET.....\n+00003380: 8098 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d54 4152 4745 ..--target=TARGE\n+00003390: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 T.... Print \n+000033a0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 information abou\n+000033b0: 7420 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 7061 7468 t the given path\n+000033c0: 206f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 7320 6465 or device as de\n+000033d0: 6669 6e65 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 5441 fined by. TA\n+000033e0: 5247 4554 2e20 2054 6865 2061 7661 696c RGET. The avail\n+000033f0: 6162 6c65 2074 6172 6765 7473 2061 6e64 able targets and\n+00003400: 2074 6865 6972 206d 6561 6e69 6e67 7320 their meanings \n+00003410: 6172 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6673 are:.. ...fs\n+00003420: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 .... GR\n+00003430: 5542 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6d6f UB filesystem mo\n+00003440: 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6673 dule.. ...fs\n+00003450: 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 _uuid.... \n+00003460: 2020 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 556e Filesystem Un\n+00003470: 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 7920 556e 6971 7565 iversally Unique\n+00003480: 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 2855 5549 Identifier (UUI\n+00003490: 4429 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6673 5f6c D).. ...fs_l\n+000034a0: 6162 656c e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 abel.... \n+000034b0: 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206c 6162 Filesystem lab\n+000034c0: 656c 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6472 6976 el.. ...driv\n+000034d0: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 e.... G\n+000034e0: 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652e RUB device name.\n+000034f0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 6576 6963 65e2 . ...device.\n+00003500: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7973 ... Sys\n+00003510: 7465 6d20 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652e tem device name.\n+00003520: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9870 6172 746d 6170 . ...partmap\n+00003530: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 .... GR\n+00003540: 5542 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d 6170 UB partition map\n+00003550: 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 module.. ..\n+00003560: 9861 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e e280 990a .abstraction....\n+00003570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2061 GRUB a\n+00003580: 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 756c bstraction modul\n+00003590: 6520 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 6c76 6de2 e (e.g. ...lvm.\n+000035a0: 8099 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 7279 ..).. ...cry\n+000035b0: 7074 6f64 6973 6b5f 7575 6964 e280 990a ptodisk_uuid....\n+000035c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4372 7970 746f Crypto\n+000035d0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 5555 4944 2e0a 2020 device UUID.. \n+000035e0: 2020 20e2 8098 6d73 646f 735f 7061 7274 ...msdos_part\n+000035f0: 7479 7065 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 type.... \n+00003600: 2020 4d42 5220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 MBR partition \n+00003610: 7479 7065 2063 6f64 6520 2874 776f 2068 type code (two h\n+00003620: 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 exadecimal digit\n+00003630: 7329 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6869 6e74 s).. ...hint\n+00003640: 735f 7374 7269 6e67 e280 990a 2020 2020 s_string.... \n+00003650: 2020 2020 2020 4120 7374 7269 6e67 206f A string o\n+00003660: 6620 706c 6174 666f 726d 2073 6561 7263 f platform searc\n+00003670: 6820 6869 6e74 7320 7375 6974 6162 6c65 h hints suitable\n+00003680: 2066 6f72 2070 6173 7369 6e67 2074 6f20 for passing to \n+00003690: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 the. ..\n+000036a0: 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 .search... comma\n+000036b0: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 6172 6368 nd (*note search\n+000036c0: 3a3a 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 696f ::).. ...bio\n+000036d0: 735f 6869 6e74 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 s_hints.... \n+000036e0: 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 Search hint\n+000036f0: 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 5043 2042 494f s for the PC BIO\n+00003700: 5320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2020 2020 S platform.. \n+00003710: 20e2 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 5f68 696e ...ieee1275_hin\n+00003720: 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ts.... \n+00003730: 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 Search hints for\n+00003740: 2074 6865 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 706c the IEEE1275 pl\n+00003750: 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 atform.. ...\n+00003760: 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6c5f 6869 6e74 73e2 baremetal_hints.\n+00003770: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 ... Sea\n+00003780: 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 706c rch hints for pl\n+00003790: 6174 666f 726d 7320 7768 6572 6520 6469 atforms where di\n+000037a0: 736b 7320 6172 6520 6164 6472 6573 7365 sks are addresse\n+000037b0: 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 d directly. \n+000037c0: 2020 2020 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e rather than\n+000037d0: 2076 6961 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 0a20 via firmware.. \n+000037e0: 2020 2020 e280 9865 6669 5f68 696e 7473 ...efi_hints\n+000037f0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 .... Se\n+00003800: 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 2074 arch hints for t\n+00003810: 6865 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e he EFI platform.\n+00003820: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 7263 5f68 696e . ...arc_hin\n+00003830: 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ts.... \n+00003840: 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 Search hints for\n+00003850: 2074 6865 2041 5243 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 the ARC platfor\n+00003860: 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f6d 7061 m.. ...compa\n+00003870: 7469 6269 6c69 7479 5f68 696e 74e2 8099 tibility_hint...\n+00003880: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 2067 7565 . A gue\n+00003890: 7373 2061 7420 6120 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 ss at a reasonab\n+000038a0: 6c65 2047 5255 4220 6472 6976 6520 6e61 le GRUB drive na\n+000038b0: 6d65 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 6465 7669 me for this devi\n+000038c0: 6365 2c20 7768 6963 680a 2020 2020 2020 ce, which. \n+000038d0: 2020 2020 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 may be used \n+000038e0: 6173 2061 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 6966 as a fallback if\n+000038f0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 e280 the ...search..\n+00003900: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6661 696c 732e . command fails.\n+00003910: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 6973 6be2 8099 . ...disk...\n+00003920: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7973 7465 . Syste\n+00003930: 6d20 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 666f m device name fo\n+00003940: 7220 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b r the whole disk\n+00003950: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a e280 982d ......-v.......-\n+00003960: 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a 2020 2020 -verbose.... \n+00003970: 2050 7269 6e74 2076 6572 626f 7365 206d Print verbose m\n+00003980: 6573 7361 6765 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 essages.....File\n+00003990: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000039a0: 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 de: Invoking gru\n+000039b0: 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 2c20 b-script-check, \n+000039c0: 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Prev: Invoking \n+000039d0: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 2055 703a grub-probe, Up:\n+000039e0: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n+000039f0: 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3820 496e 766f ities..24.8 Invo\n+00003a00: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 king grub-script\n+00003a10: 2d63 6865 636b 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d -check.=========\n 00003a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00003a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 =========..The p\n-00003a40: 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 rogram ...grub-s\n-00003a50: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2074 cript-check... t\n-00003a60: 616b 6573 2061 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 akes a GRUB scri\n-00003a70: 7074 2066 696c 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 0a53 pt file (*note.S\n-00003a80: 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 hell-like script\n-00003a90: 696e 673a 3a29 2061 6e64 2063 6865 636b ing::) and check\n-00003aa0: 7320 6974 2066 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 s it for syntax \n-00003ab0: 6572 726f 7273 2c20 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 errors, similar \n-00003ac0: 746f 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 to.commands such\n-00003ad0: 2061 7320 e280 9873 6820 2d6e e280 992e as ...sh -n....\n-00003ae0: 2020 4974 206d 6179 2074 616b 6520 6120 It may take a \n-00003af0: 5041 5448 2061 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 PATH as a non-op\n-00003b00: 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 743b 0a69 tion argument;.i\n-00003b10: 6620 6e6f 6e65 2069 7320 7375 7070 6c69 f none is suppli\n-00003b20: 6564 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 ed, it will read\n-00003b30: 2066 726f 6d20 7374 616e 6461 7264 2069 from standard i\n-00003b40: 6e70 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 nput... grub\n-00003b50: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b20 2f62 -script-check /b\n-00003b60: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 oot/grub/grub.cf\n-00003b70: 670a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 7363 g.. ...grub-sc\n-00003b80: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 6163 ript-check... ac\n-00003b90: 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 cepts the follow\n-00003ba0: 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 ing options:....\n-00003bb0: 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .--help.... \n-00003bc0: 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 Print a summary \n-00003bd0: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c of the command-l\n-00003be0: 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 ine options and \n-00003bf0: 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 exit......--vers\n-00003c00: 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e ion.... Prin\n-00003c10: 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 t the version nu\n-00003c20: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 mber of GRUB and\n-00003c30: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 exit......-v...\n-00003c40: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 ....--verbose...\n-00003c50: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6561 6368 . Print each\n-00003c60: 206c 696e 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2061 line of input a\n-00003c70: 6674 6572 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 742e fter reading it.\n-00003c80: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00003c90: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 nfo, Node: Obta\n-00003ca0: 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 ining and Buildi\n-00003cb0: 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ng GRUB, Next: \n-00003cc0: 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 Reporting bugs, \n-00003cd0: 2050 7265 763a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 Prev: User-spac\n-00003ce0: 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 5570 e utilities, Up\n-00003cf0: 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 : Top..Appendix \n-00003d00: 4120 486f 7720 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 A How to obtain \n-00003d10: 616e 6420 6275 696c 6420 4752 5542 0a2a and build GRUB.*\n+00003a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 ======..The prog\n+00003a40: 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 7363 7269 ram ...grub-scri\n+00003a50: 7074 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 7461 6b65 pt-check... take\n+00003a60: 7320 6120 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 s a GRUB script \n+00003a70: 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 5368 656c file (*note.Shel\n+00003a80: 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 l-like scripting\n+00003a90: 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 6368 6563 6b73 2069 ::) and checks i\n+00003aa0: 7420 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 7272 t for syntax err\n+00003ab0: 6f72 732c 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f0a ors, similar to.\n+00003ac0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2073 7563 6820 6173 commands such as\n+00003ad0: 20e2 8098 7368 202d 6ee2 8099 2e20 2049 ...sh -n.... I\n+00003ae0: 7420 6d61 7920 7461 6b65 2061 2050 4154 t may take a PAT\n+00003af0: 4820 6173 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f H as a non-optio\n+00003b00: 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 3b0a 6966 206e n argument;.if n\n+00003b10: 6f6e 6520 6973 2073 7570 706c 6965 642c one is supplied,\n+00003b20: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 6420 6672 it will read fr\n+00003b30: 6f6d 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7075 om standard inpu\n+00003b40: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 7363 t... grub-sc\n+00003b50: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 202f 626f 6f74 ript-check /boot\n+00003b60: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a /grub/grub.cfg..\n+00003b70: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 ...grub-scrip\n+00003b80: 742d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2061 6363 6570 t-check... accep\n+00003b90: 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 ts the following\n+00003ba0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d options:.....--\n+00003bb0: 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 help.... Pri\n+00003bc0: 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 nt a summary of \n+00003bd0: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 the command-line\n+00003be0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 options and exi\n+00003bf0: 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e t......--version\n+00003c00: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 .... Print t\n+00003c10: 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 he version numbe\n+00003c20: 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 r of GRUB and ex\n+00003c30: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a e280 it......-v......\n+00003c40: 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a 2020 .--verbose.... \n+00003c50: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2065 6163 6820 6c69 Print each li\n+00003c60: 6e65 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 6166 7465 ne of input afte\n+00003c70: 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f r reading it....\n+00003c80: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00003c90: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 6274 6169 6e69 , Node: Obtaini\n+00003ca0: 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 ng and Building \n+00003cb0: 4752 5542 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6570 GRUB, Next: Rep\n+00003cc0: 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 5072 orting bugs, Pr\n+00003cd0: 6576 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 ev: User-space u\n+00003ce0: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2054 tilities, Up: T\n+00003cf0: 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2041 2048 op..Appendix A H\n+00003d00: 6f77 2074 6f20 6f62 7461 696e 2061 6e64 ow to obtain and\n+00003d10: 2062 7569 6c64 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a build GRUB.****\n 00003d20: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 00003d30: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00003d40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2020 2020 202a 4361 ******.. *Ca\n-00003d50: 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 4752 5542 2072 6571 ution:* GRUB req\n-00003d60: 7569 7265 7320 6269 6e75 7469 6c73 2d32 uires binutils-2\n-00003d70: 2e39 2e31 2e30 2e32 3320 6f72 206c 6174 .9.1.0.23 or lat\n-00003d80: 6572 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 er because the. \n-00003d90: 2020 2020 474e 5520 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 GNU assemble\n-00003da0: 7220 6861 7320 6265 656e 2063 6861 6e67 r has been chang\n-00003db0: 6564 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 ed so that it ca\n-00003dc0: 6e20 7072 6f64 7563 6520 7265 616c 2031 n produce real 1\n-00003dd0: 3662 6974 730a 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6bits. machi\n-00003de0: 6e65 2063 6f64 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 ne code between \n-00003df0: 322e 392e 3120 616e 6420 322e 392e 312e 2.9.1 and 2.9.1.\n-00003e00: 302e 782e 2020 5365 650a 2020 2020 203c 0.x. See. <\n-00003e10: 6874 7470 3a2f 2f73 6f75 7263 6573 2e72 http://sources.r\n-00003e20: 6564 6861 742e 636f 6d2f 6269 6e75 7469 edhat.com/binuti\n-00003e30: 6c73 2f3e 2c20 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 ls/>, to obtain \n-00003e40: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2068 information on h\n-00003e50: 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2067 6574 2074 ow. to get t\n-00003e60: 6865 206c 6174 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f he latest versio\n-00003e70: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 n... GRUB is a\n-00003e80: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 vailable from th\n-00003e90: 6520 474e 5520 616c 7068 6120 6172 6368 e GNU alpha arch\n-00003ea0: 6976 6520 7369 7465 0a3c 6674 703a 2f2f ive site. or any of \n-00003ed0: 6974 7320 6d69 7272 6f72 732e 2020 5468 its mirrors. Th\n-00003ee0: 6520 6669 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a6e e file will be.n\n-00003ef0: 616d 6564 2067 7275 622d 7665 7273 696f amed grub-versio\n-00003f00: 6e2e 7461 722e 677a 2e20 2054 6865 2063 n.tar.gz. The c\n-00003f10: 7572 7265 6e74 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 urrent version i\n-00003f20: 7320 322e 3132 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 s 2.12, so the f\n-00003f30: 696c 6520 796f 750a 7368 6f75 6c64 2067 ile you.should g\n-00003f40: 7261 6220 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 3c66 7470 rab is:.. .. To\n-00003f80: 2075 6e62 756e 646c 6520 4752 5542 2075 unbundle GRUB u\n-00003f90: 7365 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 se the instructi\n-00003fa0: 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7a63 6174 2067 on:.. zcat g\n-00003fb0: 7275 622d 322e 3132 2e74 6172 2e67 7a20 rub-2.12.tar.gz \n-00003fc0: 7c20 7461 7220 7876 6620 2d0a 0a20 2020 | tar xvf -.. \n-00003fd0: 7768 6963 6820 7769 6c6c 2063 7265 6174 which will creat\n-00003fe0: 6520 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6361 e a directory ca\n-00003ff0: 6c6c 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 lled ...grub-2.1\n-00004000: 32e2 8099 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 7468 2... with all th\n-00004010: 650a 736f 7572 6365 732e 2020 596f 7520 e.sources. You \n-00004020: 6361 6e20 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 can look at the \n-00004030: 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 494e 5354 414c 4ce2 file ...INSTALL.\n-00004040: 8099 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 .. for detailed \n-00004050: 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e73 0a6f 6e20 instructions.on \n-00004060: 686f 7720 746f 2062 7569 6c64 2061 6e64 how to build and\n-00004070: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 422c 2062 install GRUB, b\n-00004080: 7574 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 ut you should be\n-00004090: 2061 626c 6520 746f 206a 7573 7420 646f able to just do\n-000040a0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6364 2067 7275 622d :.. cd grub-\n-000040b0: 322e 3132 0a20 2020 2020 2e2f 636f 6e66 2.12. ./conf\n-000040c0: 6967 7572 650a 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 igure. make \n-000040d0: 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 0a20 2020 416c 736f install.. Also\n-000040e0: 2c20 7468 6520 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 , the latest ver\n-000040f0: 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c sion is availabl\n-00004100: 6520 7573 696e 6720 4769 742e 2020 5365 e using Git. Se\n-00004110: 650a 3c68 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 676e e. for more\n-00004150: 0a69 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f .information....\n-00004160: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00004170: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 , Node: Reporti\n-00004180: 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ng bugs, Next: \n-00004190: 4675 7475 7265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f Future, Prev: O\n-000041a0: 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 btaining and Bui\n-000041b0: 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2055 703a lding GRUB, Up:\n-000041c0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2042 Top..Appendix B\n-000041d0: 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 730a Reporting bugs.\n+00003d40: 2a2a 2a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2a43 6175 7469 ***.. *Cauti\n+00003d50: 6f6e 3a2a 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 6972 on:* GRUB requir\n+00003d60: 6573 2062 696e 7574 696c 732d 322e 392e es binutils-2.9.\n+00003d70: 312e 302e 3233 206f 7220 6c61 7465 7220 1.0.23 or later \n+00003d80: 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 because the. \n+00003d90: 2047 4e55 2061 7373 656d 626c 6572 2068 GNU assembler h\n+00003da0: 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6368 616e 6765 6420 as been changed \n+00003db0: 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e 2070 so that it can p\n+00003dc0: 726f 6475 6365 2072 6561 6c20 3136 6269 roduce real 16bi\n+00003dd0: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 696e 6520 ts. machine \n+00003de0: 636f 6465 2062 6574 7765 656e 2032 2e39 code between 2.9\n+00003df0: 2e31 2061 6e64 2032 2e39 2e31 2e30 2e78 .1 and 2.9.1.0.x\n+00003e00: 2e20 2053 6565 0a20 2020 2020 3c68 7474 . See. , to obtain inf\n+00003e40: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 686f 770a ormation on how.\n+00003e50: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6765 7420 7468 6520 to get the \n+00003e60: 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a latest version..\n+00003e70: 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 6176 6169 . GRUB is avai\n+00003e80: 6c61 626c 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2047 lable from the G\n+00003e90: 4e55 2061 6c70 6861 2061 7263 6869 7665 NU alpha archive\n+00003ea0: 2073 6974 650a 3c66 7470 3a2f 2f66 7470 site. or any of its\n+00003ed0: 206d 6972 726f 7273 2e20 2054 6865 2066 mirrors. The f\n+00003ee0: 696c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 650a 6e61 6d65 ile will be.name\n+00003ef0: 6420 6772 7562 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e 2e74 d grub-version.t\n+00003f00: 6172 2e67 7a2e 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 ar.gz. The curr\n+00003f10: 656e 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6973 2032 ent version is 2\n+00003f20: 2e31 322c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 .12, so the file\n+00003f30: 2079 6f75 0a73 686f 756c 6420 6772 6162 you.should grab\n+00003f40: 2069 733a 0a0a 2020 203c 6674 703a 2f2f is:.. .. To un\n+00003f80: 6275 6e64 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7573 6520 bundle GRUB use \n+00003f90: 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e3a the instruction:\n+00003fa0: 0a0a 2020 2020 207a 6361 7420 6772 7562 .. zcat grub\n+00003fb0: 2d32 2e31 322e 7461 722e 677a 207c 2074 -2.12.tar.gz | t\n+00003fc0: 6172 2078 7666 202d 0a0a 2020 2077 6869 ar xvf -.. whi\n+00003fd0: 6368 2077 696c 6c20 6372 6561 7465 2061 ch will create a\n+00003fe0: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 616c 6c65 directory calle\n+00003ff0: 6420 e280 9867 7275 622d 322e 3132 e280 d ...grub-2.12..\n+00004000: 9920 7769 7468 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 0a73 . with all the.s\n+00004010: 6f75 7263 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e ources. You can\n+00004020: 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6865 2066 696c look at the fil\n+00004030: 6520 e280 9849 4e53 5441 4c4c e280 9920 e ...INSTALL... \n+00004040: 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c 6564 2069 6e73 for detailed ins\n+00004050: 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2068 6f77 tructions.on how\n+00004060: 2074 6f20 6275 696c 6420 616e 6420 696e to build and in\n+00004070: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 7420 stall GRUB, but \n+00004080: 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6162 you should be ab\n+00004090: 6c65 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 2064 6f3a 0a0a le to just do:..\n+000040a0: 2020 2020 2063 6420 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 cd grub-2.1\n+000040b0: 320a 2020 2020 202e 2f63 6f6e 6669 6775 2. ./configu\n+000040c0: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2069 6e73 re. make ins\n+000040d0: 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2074 tall.. Also, t\n+000040e0: 6865 206c 6174 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f he latest versio\n+000040f0: 6e20 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2075 n is available u\n+00004100: 7369 6e67 2047 6974 2e20 2053 6565 0a3c sing Git. See.<\n+00004110: 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f http://www.gnu.o\n+00004120: 7267 2f73 6f66 7477 6172 652f 6772 7562 rg/software/grub\n+00004130: 2f67 7275 622d 646f 776e 6c6f 6164 2e68 /grub-download.h\n+00004140: 746d 6c3e 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e tml> for more.in\n+00004150: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 formation.....Fi\n+00004160: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00004170: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 Node: Reporting \n+00004180: 6275 6773 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2046 7574 bugs, Next: Fut\n+00004190: 7572 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4f62 7461 ure, Prev: Obta\n+000041a0: 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 ining and Buildi\n+000041b0: 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5570 3a20 546f ng GRUB, Up: To\n+000041c0: 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4220 5265 p..Appendix B Re\n+000041d0: 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 0a2a 2a2a porting bugs.***\n 000041e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000041f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 7365 *********..These\n-00004200: 2061 7265 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 are the guideli\n-00004210: 6e65 2066 6f72 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7265 ne for how to re\n-00004220: 706f 7274 2062 7567 732e 2020 5461 6b65 port bugs. Take\n-00004230: 2061 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6869 730a a look at this.\n-00004240: 6c69 7374 2062 656c 6f77 2062 6566 6f72 list below befor\n-00004250: 6520 796f 7520 7375 626d 6974 2062 7567 e you submit bug\n-00004260: 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2042 6566 6f72 6520 s:.. 1. Before \n-00004270: 6765 7474 696e 6720 756e 7365 7474 6c65 getting unsettle\n-00004280: 642c 2072 6561 6420 7468 6973 206d 616e d, read this man\n-00004290: 7561 6c20 7468 726f 7567 6820 616e 6420 ual through and \n-000042a0: 7468 726f 7567 682e 0a20 2020 2020 416c through.. Al\n-000042b0: 736f 2c20 7365 6520 7468 6520 474e 5520 so, see the GNU \n-000042c0: 4752 5542 2046 4151 0a20 2020 2020 2868 GRUB FAQ. (h\n-000042d0: 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 676e 752e 6f72 ttp://www.gnu.or\n-000042e0: 672f 736f 6674 7761 7265 2f67 7275 622f g/software/grub/\n-000042f0: 6772 7562 2d66 6171 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a grub-faq.html)..\n-00004300: 0a20 2032 2e20 416c 7761 7973 206d 656e . 2. Always men\n-00004310: 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 tion the informa\n-00004320: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2047 5255 tion on your GRU\n-00004330: 422e 2054 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e B. The version n\n-00004340: 756d 6265 7220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 umber and. t\n-00004350: 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e he configuration\n-00004360: 2061 7265 2071 7569 7465 2069 6d70 6f72 are quite impor\n-00004370: 7461 6e74 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6275 tant. If you bu\n-00004380: 696c 6420 6974 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662c ild it yourself,\n-00004390: 0a20 2020 2020 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 . write the \n-000043a0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 options specifie\n-000043b0: 6420 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 d to the configu\n-000043c0: 7265 2073 6372 6970 7420 616e 6420 796f re script and yo\n-000043d0: 7572 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 6572 6174 696e ur. operatin\n-000043e0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 696e 636c 7564 g system, includ\n-000043f0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e73 ing the versions\n-00004400: 206f 6620 6763 6320 616e 6420 6269 6e75 of gcc and binu\n-00004410: 7469 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 2079 tils... 3. If y\n-00004420: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7472 6f75 626c 6520 ou have trouble \n-00004430: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c with the install\n-00004440: 6174 696f 6e2c 2069 6e66 6f72 6d20 7573 ation, inform us\n-00004450: 206f 6620 686f 7720 796f 750a 2020 2020 of how you. \n-00004460: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2047 5255 422e installed GRUB.\n-00004470: 2044 6f6e 2774 206f 6d69 7420 6572 726f Don't omit erro\n-00004480: 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2c20 6966 2061 r messages, if a\n-00004490: 6e79 2e20 204a 7573 7420 e280 9847 5255 ny. Just ...GRU\n-000044a0: 420a 2020 2020 2068 616e 6773 2075 7020 B. hangs up \n-000044b0: 7768 656e 2069 7420 626f 6f74 73e2 8099 when it boots...\n-000044c0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 656e 6f75 6768 2e0a is not enough..\n-000044d0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 696e 666f 726d . The inform\n-000044e0: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 ation on your ha\n-000044f0: 7264 7761 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f 2065 rdware is also e\n-00004500: 7373 656e 7469 616c 2e20 2054 6865 7365 ssential. These\n-00004510: 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6573 7065 6369 are. especi\n-00004520: 616c 6c79 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 3a20 ally important: \n-00004530: 7468 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 7269 6573 2061 the geometries a\n-00004540: 6e64 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e nd the partition\n-00004550: 2074 6162 6c65 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 tables of. \n-00004560: 796f 7572 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 your hard disk d\n-00004570: 7269 7665 7320 616e 6420 796f 7572 2042 rives and your B\n-00004580: 494f 532e 0a0a 2020 342e 2049 6620 4752 IOS... 4. If GR\n-00004590: 5542 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 626f 6f74 2079 UB cannot boot y\n-000045a0: 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 our operating sy\n-000045b0: 7374 656d 2c20 7772 6974 6520 646f 776e stem, write down\n-000045c0: 205f 6576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 5f0a 2020 _everything_. \n-000045d0: 2020 2079 6f75 2073 6565 206f 6e20 7468 you see on th\n-000045e0: 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2044 6f6e 2774 e screen. Don't\n-000045f0: 2070 6172 6170 6872 6173 6520 7468 656d paraphrase them\n-00004600: 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 5468 6520 666f , like ...The fo\n-00004610: 6f20 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 o OS. crashe\n-00004620: 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 422c 2065 7665 s with GRUB, eve\n-00004630: 6e20 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7420 6361 6e20 n though it can \n-00004640: 626f 6f74 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6261 boot with the ba\n-00004650: 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 720a 2020 r boot loader. \n-00004660: 2020 206a 7573 7420 6669 6e65 e280 992e just fine....\n-00004670: 2020 4d65 6e74 696f 6e20 7468 6520 636f Mention the co\n-00004680: 6d6d 616e 6473 2079 6f75 2065 7865 6375 mmands you execu\n-00004690: 7465 642c 2074 6865 206d 6573 7361 6765 ted, the message\n-000046a0: 730a 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 s. printed b\n-000046b0: 7920 7468 656d 2c20 616e 6420 696e 666f y them, and info\n-000046c0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 rmation on your \n-000046d0: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-000046e0: 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 including. \n-000046f0: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 the version numb\n-00004700: 6572 2e0a 0a20 2035 2e20 4578 706c 6169 er... 5. Explai\n-00004710: 6e20 7768 6174 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7465 n what you wante\n-00004720: 6420 746f 2064 6f2e 2020 4974 2069 7320 d to do. It is \n-00004730: 7665 7279 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 206b very useful to k\n-00004740: 6e6f 7720 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7075 now your. pu\n-00004750: 7270 6f73 6520 616e 6420 796f 7572 2077 rpose and your w\n-00004760: 6973 682c 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2047 5255 ish, and how GRU\n-00004770: 4220 6469 646e 2774 2073 6174 6973 6679 B didn't satisfy\n-00004780: 2079 6f75 2e0a 0a20 2036 2e20 4966 2079 you... 6. If y\n-00004790: 6f75 2063 616e 2069 6e76 6573 7469 6761 ou can investiga\n-000047a0: 7465 2074 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 te the problem y\n-000047b0: 6f75 7273 656c 662c 2070 6c65 6173 6520 ourself, please \n-000047c0: 646f 2e20 2054 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 do. That will. \n-000047d0: 2020 2020 6769 7665 2079 6f75 2061 6e64 give you and\n-000047e0: 2075 7320 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 696e us much more in\n-000047f0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 formation on the\n-00004800: 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e20 2041 7474 6163 problem. Attac\n-00004810: 6869 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 hing a. patc\n-00004820: 6820 6973 2065 7665 6e20 6265 7474 6572 h is even better\n-00004830: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 2079 6f75 ... When you\n-00004840: 2061 7474 6163 6820 6120 7061 7463 682c attach a patch,\n-00004850: 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7463 6820 make the patch \n-00004860: 696e 2075 6e69 6669 6564 2064 6966 6620 in unified diff \n-00004870: 666f 726d 6174 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 format, and. \n-00004880: 2077 7269 7465 2043 6861 6e67 654c 6f67 write ChangeLog\n-00004890: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 2042 7574 2c20 entries. But, \n-000048a0: 6576 656e 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6d61 even when you ma\n-000048b0: 6b65 2061 2070 6174 6368 2c20 646f 6e27 ke a patch, don'\n-000048c0: 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6765 7420 746f t. forget to\n-000048d0: 2065 7870 6c61 696e 2074 6865 2070 726f explain the pro\n-000048e0: 626c 656d 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 7765 blem, so that we\n-000048f0: 2063 616e 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 can understand \n-00004900: 7768 6174 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 what your. p\n-00004910: 6174 6368 2069 7320 666f 722e 0a0a 2020 atch is for... \n-00004920: 372e 2057 7269 7465 2064 6f77 6e20 616e 7. Write down an\n-00004930: 7974 6869 6e67 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 ything that you \n-00004940: 7468 696e 6b20 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2072 think might be r\n-00004950: 656c 6174 6564 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 650a elated. Please.\n-00004960: 2020 2020 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 understand \n-00004970: 7468 6174 2077 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6e65 that we often ne\n-00004980: 6564 2074 6f20 7265 7072 6f64 7563 6520 ed to reproduce \n-00004990: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2070 726f 626c 656d the same problem\n-000049a0: 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 656e 636f 756e you. encoun\n-000049b0: 7465 7265 6420 696e 206f 7572 2065 6e76 tered in our env\n-000049c0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2e20 2053 6f20 796f ironment. So yo\n-000049d0: 7572 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2073 ur information s\n-000049e0: 686f 756c 6420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 hould be. su\n-000049f0: 6666 6963 6965 6e74 2066 6f72 2075 7320 fficient for us \n-00004a00: 746f 2064 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2074 to do the same t\n-00004a10: 6869 6e67 2d2d 446f 6e27 7420 666f 7267 hing--Don't forg\n-00004a20: 6574 2074 6861 7420 7765 2063 616e 6e6f et that we canno\n-00004a30: 740a 2020 2020 2073 6565 2079 6f75 7220 t. see your \n-00004a40: 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c computer directl\n-00004a50: 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 206e y. If you are n\n-00004a60: 6f74 2073 7572 6520 7768 6574 6865 7220 ot sure whether \n-00004a70: 746f 2073 7461 7465 2061 0a20 2020 2020 to state a. \n-00004a80: 6661 6374 206f 7220 6c65 6176 6520 6974 fact or leave it\n-00004a90: 206f 7574 2c20 7374 6174 6520 6974 2120 out, state it! \n-00004aa0: 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2074 6f6f 206d Reporting too m\n-00004ab0: 616e 7920 7468 696e 6773 2069 7320 6d75 any things is mu\n-00004ac0: 6368 0a20 2020 2020 6265 7474 6572 2074 ch. better t\n-00004ad0: 6861 6e20 6f6d 6974 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d han omitting som\n-00004ae0: 6574 6869 6e67 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 ething important\n-00004af0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2066 6f6c ... If you fol\n-00004b00: 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e low the guidelin\n-00004b10: 6520 6162 6f76 652c 2073 7562 6d69 7420 e above, submit \n-00004b20: 6120 7265 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 a report to the \n-00004b30: 4275 670a 5472 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 Bug.Tracking Sys\n-00004b40: 7465 6d20 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7361 7661 tem (http://sava\n-00004b50: 6e6e 6168 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f62 7567 nnah.gnu.org/bug\n-00004b60: 732f 3f67 726f 7570 3d67 7275 6229 2e0a s/?group=grub)..\n-00004b70: 416c 7465 726e 6174 6976 656c 792c 2079 Alternatively, y\n-00004b80: 6f75 2063 616e 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 ou can submit a \n-00004b90: 7265 706f 7274 2076 6961 2065 6c65 6374 report via elect\n-00004ba0: 726f 6e69 6320 6d61 696c 2074 6f0a 3c62 ronic mail to.\n-00004bc0: 2c20 6275 7420 7765 2073 7472 6f6e 676c , but we strongl\n-00004bd0: 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 y recommend that\n-00004be0: 2079 6f75 2075 7365 2074 6865 2042 7567 you use the Bug\n-00004bf0: 0a54 7261 636b 696e 6720 5379 7374 656d .Tracking System\n-00004c00: 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 652d 6d61 696c , because e-mail\n-00004c10: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7061 7373 6564 206f can be passed o\n-00004c20: 7665 7220 6561 7369 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 ver easily... \n-00004c30: 4f6e 6365 2077 6520 6765 7420 796f 7572 Once we get your\n-00004c40: 2072 6570 6f72 742c 2077 6520 7769 6c6c report, we will\n-00004c50: 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6669 7820 7468 6520 try to fix the \n-00004c60: 6275 6773 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 bugs.....File: g\n-00004c70: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00004c80: 2046 7574 7572 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 Future, Next: \n-00004c90: 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e Copying This Man\n-00004ca0: 7561 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5265 706f ual, Prev: Repo\n-00004cb0: 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 2055 703a rting bugs, Up:\n-00004cc0: 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2043 Top..Appendix C\n-00004cd0: 2057 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c Where GRUB will\n-00004ce0: 2067 6f0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a go.************\n-00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004d00: 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6973 206e 6f77 *..GRUB 2 is now\n-00004d10: 2071 7569 7465 2073 7461 626c 6520 616e quite stable an\n-00004d20: 6420 7573 6564 2069 6e20 6d61 6e79 2070 d used in many p\n-00004d30: 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e20 7379 7374 656d roduction system\n-00004d40: 732e 2020 5765 2061 7265 0a63 7572 7265 s. We are.curre\n-00004d50: 6e74 6c79 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 2074 6f77 ntly working tow\n-00004d60: 6172 6473 2061 2032 2e30 2072 656c 6561 ards a 2.0 relea\n-00004d70: 7365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 se... If you a\n-00004d80: 7265 2069 6e74 6572 6573 7465 6420 696e re interested in\n-00004d90: 2074 6865 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 the development\n-00004da0: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2032 2c20 7461 6b65 of GRUB 2, take\n-00004db0: 2061 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 0a74 6865 2068 a look at.the h\n-00004dc0: 6f6d 6570 6167 6520 2868 7474 703a 2f2f omepage (http://\n-00004dd0: 7777 772e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 736f 6674 www.gnu.org/soft\n-00004de0: 7761 7265 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e68 ware/grub/grub.h\n-00004df0: 746d 6c29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tml).....File: g\n-00004e00: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00004e10: 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 Copying This Ma\n-00004e20: 6e75 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e64 nual, Next: Ind\n-00004e30: 6578 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 7574 7572 ex, Prev: Futur\n-00004e40: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 e, Up: Top..App\n-00004e50: 656e 6469 7820 4420 436f 7079 696e 6720 endix D Copying \n-00004e60: 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 2a2a 2a2a This Manual.****\n+000041f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 6172 ******..These ar\n+00004200: 6520 7468 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e 6520 e the guideline \n+00004210: 666f 7220 686f 7720 746f 2072 6570 6f72 for how to repor\n+00004220: 7420 6275 6773 2e20 2054 616b 6520 6120 t bugs. Take a \n+00004230: 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6973 0a6c 6973 look at this.lis\n+00004240: 7420 6265 6c6f 7720 6265 666f 7265 2079 t below before y\n+00004250: 6f75 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6275 6773 3a0a ou submit bugs:.\n+00004260: 0a20 2031 2e20 4265 666f 7265 2067 6574 . 1. Before get\n+00004270: 7469 6e67 2075 6e73 6574 746c 6564 2c20 ting unsettled, \n+00004280: 7265 6164 2074 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 616c read this manual\n+00004290: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2061 6e64 2074 6872 through and thr\n+000042a0: 6f75 6768 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c ough.. Also,\n+000042b0: 2073 6565 2074 6865 2047 4e55 2047 5255 see the GNU GRU\n+000042c0: 4220 4641 510a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 B FAQ. (http\n+000042d0: 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f73 ://www.gnu.org/s\n+000042e0: 6f66 7477 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 oftware/grub/gru\n+000042f0: 622d 6661 712e 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a 2020 b-faq.html)... \n+00004300: 322e 2041 6c77 6179 7320 6d65 6e74 696f 2. Always mentio\n+00004310: 6e20 7468 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f n the informatio\n+00004320: 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 4752 5542 2e20 n on your GRUB. \n+00004330: 5468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 The version numb\n+00004340: 6572 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 er and. the \n+00004350: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6172 configuration ar\n+00004360: 6520 7175 6974 6520 696d 706f 7274 616e e quite importan\n+00004370: 742e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2062 7569 6c64 t. If you build\n+00004380: 2069 7420 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2c0a 2020 it yourself,. \n+00004390: 2020 2077 7269 7465 2074 6865 206f 7074 write the opt\n+000043a0: 696f 6e73 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 ions specified t\n+000043b0: 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6520 o the configure \n+000043c0: 7363 7269 7074 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 720a script and your.\n+000043d0: 2020 2020 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 operating s\n+000043e0: 7973 7465 6d2c 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 ystem, including\n+000043f0: 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 the versions of\n+00004400: 2067 6363 2061 6e64 2062 696e 7574 696c gcc and binutil\n+00004410: 732e 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f 7520 s... 3. If you \n+00004420: 6861 7665 2074 726f 7562 6c65 2077 6974 have trouble wit\n+00004430: 6820 7468 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 h the installati\n+00004440: 6f6e 2c20 696e 666f 726d 2075 7320 6f66 on, inform us of\n+00004450: 2068 6f77 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 696e how you. in\n+00004460: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 4752 5542 2e20 446f stalled GRUB. Do\n+00004470: 6e27 7420 6f6d 6974 2065 7272 6f72 206d n't omit error m\n+00004480: 6573 7361 6765 732c 2069 6620 616e 792e essages, if any.\n+00004490: 2020 4a75 7374 20e2 8098 4752 5542 0a20 Just ...GRUB. \n+000044a0: 2020 2020 6861 6e67 7320 7570 2077 6865 hangs up whe\n+000044b0: 6e20 6974 2062 6f6f 7473 e280 9920 6973 n it boots... is\n+000044c0: 206e 6f74 2065 6e6f 7567 682e 0a0a 2020 not enough... \n+000044d0: 2020 2054 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 The informati\n+000044e0: 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2068 6172 6477 on on your hardw\n+000044f0: 6172 6520 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 6573 7365 are is also esse\n+00004500: 6e74 6961 6c2e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6172 ntial. These ar\n+00004510: 650a 2020 2020 2065 7370 6563 6961 6c6c e. especiall\n+00004520: 7920 696d 706f 7274 616e 743a 2074 6865 y important: the\n+00004530: 2067 656f 6d65 7472 6965 7320 616e 6420 geometries and \n+00004540: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 the partition ta\n+00004550: 626c 6573 206f 660a 2020 2020 2079 6f75 bles of. you\n+00004560: 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 r hard disk driv\n+00004570: 6573 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 es and your BIOS\n+00004580: 2e0a 0a20 2034 2e20 4966 2047 5255 4220 ... 4. If GRUB \n+00004590: 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 796f 7572 cannot boot your\n+000045a0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+000045b0: 6d2c 2077 7269 7465 2064 6f77 6e20 5f65 m, write down _e\n+000045c0: 7665 7279 7468 696e 675f 0a20 2020 2020 verything_. \n+000045d0: 796f 7520 7365 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 you see on the s\n+000045e0: 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 446f 6e27 7420 7061 creen. Don't pa\n+000045f0: 7261 7068 7261 7365 2074 6865 6d2c 206c raphrase them, l\n+00004600: 696b 6520 e280 9854 6865 2066 6f6f 204f ike ...The foo O\n+00004610: 530a 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2077 S. crashes w\n+00004620: 6974 6820 4752 5542 2c20 6576 656e 2074 ith GRUB, even t\n+00004630: 686f 7567 6820 6974 2063 616e 2062 6f6f hough it can boo\n+00004640: 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2062 6172 2062 t with the bar b\n+00004650: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a20 2020 2020 oot loader. \n+00004660: 6a75 7374 2066 696e 65e2 8099 2e20 204d just fine.... M\n+00004670: 656e 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ention the comma\n+00004680: 6e64 7320 796f 7520 6578 6563 7574 6564 nds you executed\n+00004690: 2c20 7468 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 0a20 , the messages. \n+000046a0: 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 6420 6279 2074 printed by t\n+000046b0: 6865 6d2c 2061 6e64 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 hem, and informa\n+000046c0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 206f 7065 tion on your ope\n+000046d0: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696e rating system in\n+000046e0: 636c 7564 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 cluding. the\n+000046f0: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 722e version number.\n+00004700: 0a0a 2020 352e 2045 7870 6c61 696e 2077 .. 5. Explain w\n+00004710: 6861 7420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 6564 2074 hat you wanted t\n+00004720: 6f20 646f 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2076 6572 o do. It is ver\n+00004730: 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 6b6e 6f77 y useful to know\n+00004740: 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 7572 706f your. purpo\n+00004750: 7365 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 7769 7368 se and your wish\n+00004760: 2c20 616e 6420 686f 7720 4752 5542 2064 , and how GRUB d\n+00004770: 6964 6e27 7420 7361 7469 7366 7920 796f idn't satisfy yo\n+00004780: 752e 0a0a 2020 362e 2049 6620 796f 7520 u... 6. If you \n+00004790: 6361 6e20 696e 7665 7374 6967 6174 6520 can investigate \n+000047a0: 7468 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 796f 7572 the problem your\n+000047b0: 7365 6c66 2c20 706c 6561 7365 2064 6f2e self, please do.\n+000047c0: 2020 5468 6174 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 That will. \n+000047d0: 2067 6976 6520 796f 7520 616e 6420 7573 give you and us\n+000047e0: 206d 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 much more infor\n+000047f0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7072 mation on the pr\n+00004800: 6f62 6c65 6d2e 2020 4174 7461 6368 696e oblem. Attachin\n+00004810: 6720 610a 2020 2020 2070 6174 6368 2069 g a. patch i\n+00004820: 7320 6576 656e 2062 6574 7465 722e 0a0a s even better...\n+00004830: 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6174 When you at\n+00004840: 7461 6368 2061 2070 6174 6368 2c20 6d61 tach a patch, ma\n+00004850: 6b65 2074 6865 2070 6174 6368 2069 6e20 ke the patch in \n+00004860: 756e 6966 6965 6420 6469 6666 2066 6f72 unified diff for\n+00004870: 6d61 742c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7772 mat, and. wr\n+00004880: 6974 6520 4368 616e 6765 4c6f 6720 656e ite ChangeLog en\n+00004890: 7472 6965 732e 2020 4275 742c 2065 7665 tries. But, eve\n+000048a0: 6e20 7768 656e 2079 6f75 206d 616b 6520 n when you make \n+000048b0: 6120 7061 7463 682c 2064 6f6e 2774 0a20 a patch, don't. \n+000048c0: 2020 2020 666f 7267 6574 2074 6f20 6578 forget to ex\n+000048d0: 706c 6169 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 plain the proble\n+000048e0: 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2077 6520 6361 m, so that we ca\n+000048f0: 6e20 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2077 6861 n understand wha\n+00004900: 7420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 t your. patc\n+00004910: 6820 6973 2066 6f72 2e0a 0a20 2037 2e20 h is for... 7. \n+00004920: 5772 6974 6520 646f 776e 2061 6e79 7468 Write down anyth\n+00004930: 696e 6720 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2074 6869 ing that you thi\n+00004940: 6e6b 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7265 6c61 nk might be rela\n+00004950: 7465 642e 2020 506c 6561 7365 0a20 2020 ted. Please. \n+00004960: 2020 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2074 6861 understand tha\n+00004970: 7420 7765 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 t we often need \n+00004980: 746f 2072 6570 726f 6475 6365 2074 6865 to reproduce the\n+00004990: 2073 616d 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 796f same problem yo\n+000049a0: 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 6f75 6e74 6572 u. encounter\n+000049b0: 6564 2069 6e20 6f75 7220 656e 7669 726f ed in our enviro\n+000049c0: 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 536f 2079 6f75 7220 nment. So your \n+000049d0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7368 6f75 information shou\n+000049e0: 6c64 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 7566 6669 ld be. suffi\n+000049f0: 6369 656e 7420 666f 7220 7573 2074 6f20 cient for us to \n+00004a00: 646f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7468 696e do the same thin\n+00004a10: 672d 2d44 6f6e 2774 2066 6f72 6765 7420 g--Don't forget \n+00004a20: 7468 6174 2077 6520 6361 6e6e 6f74 0a20 that we cannot. \n+00004a30: 2020 2020 7365 6520 796f 7572 2063 6f6d see your com\n+00004a40: 7075 7465 7220 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2e20 puter directly. \n+00004a50: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 If you are not \n+00004a60: 7375 7265 2077 6865 7468 6572 2074 6f20 sure whether to \n+00004a70: 7374 6174 6520 610a 2020 2020 2066 6163 state a. fac\n+00004a80: 7420 6f72 206c 6561 7665 2069 7420 6f75 t or leave it ou\n+00004a90: 742c 2073 7461 7465 2069 7421 2020 5265 t, state it! Re\n+00004aa0: 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 porting too many\n+00004ab0: 2074 6869 6e67 7320 6973 206d 7563 680a things is much.\n+00004ac0: 2020 2020 2062 6574 7465 7220 7468 616e better than\n+00004ad0: 206f 6d69 7474 696e 6720 736f 6d65 7468 omitting someth\n+00004ae0: 696e 6720 696d 706f 7274 616e 742e 0a0a ing important...\n+00004af0: 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 666f 6c6c 6f77 If you follow\n+00004b00: 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 6e65 2061 the guideline a\n+00004b10: 626f 7665 2c20 7375 626d 6974 2061 2072 bove, submit a r\n+00004b20: 6570 6f72 7420 746f 2074 6865 2042 7567 eport to the Bug\n+00004b30: 0a54 7261 636b 696e 6720 5379 7374 656d .Tracking System\n+00004b40: 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f73 6176 616e 6e61 (http://savanna\n+00004b50: 682e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 6275 6773 2f3f h.gnu.org/bugs/?\n+00004b60: 6772 6f75 703d 6772 7562 292e 0a41 6c74 group=grub)..Alt\n+00004b70: 6572 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 796f 7520 ernatively, you \n+00004b80: 6361 6e20 7375 626d 6974 2061 2072 6570 can submit a rep\n+00004b90: 6f72 7420 7669 6120 656c 6563 7472 6f6e ort via electron\n+00004ba0: 6963 206d 6169 6c20 746f 0a3c 6275 672d ic mail to., b\n+00004bc0: 7574 2077 6520 7374 726f 6e67 6c79 2072 ut we strongly r\n+00004bd0: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 6861 7420 796f ecommend that yo\n+00004be0: 7520 7573 6520 7468 6520 4275 670a 5472 u use the Bug.Tr\n+00004bf0: 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 6d2c 2062 acking System, b\n+00004c00: 6563 6175 7365 2065 2d6d 6169 6c20 6361 ecause e-mail ca\n+00004c10: 6e20 6265 2070 6173 7365 6420 6f76 6572 n be passed over\n+00004c20: 2065 6173 696c 792e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e63 easily... Onc\n+00004c30: 6520 7765 2067 6574 2079 6f75 7220 7265 e we get your re\n+00004c40: 706f 7274 2c20 7765 2077 696c 6c20 7472 port, we will tr\n+00004c50: 7920 746f 2066 6978 2074 6865 2062 7567 y to fix the bug\n+00004c60: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+00004c70: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4675 .info, Node: Fu\n+00004c80: 7475 7265 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f70 ture, Next: Cop\n+00004c90: 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c ying This Manual\n+00004ca0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 , Prev: Reporti\n+00004cb0: 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f ng bugs, Up: To\n+00004cc0: 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4320 5768 p..Appendix C Wh\n+00004cd0: 6572 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 676f ere GRUB will go\n+00004ce0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n+00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+00004d00: 4752 5542 2032 2069 7320 6e6f 7720 7175 GRUB 2 is now qu\n+00004d10: 6974 6520 7374 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 ite stable and u\n+00004d20: 7365 6420 696e 206d 616e 7920 7072 6f64 sed in many prod\n+00004d30: 7563 7469 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e20 uction systems. \n+00004d40: 2057 6520 6172 650a 6375 7272 656e 746c We are.currentl\n+00004d50: 7920 776f 726b 696e 6720 746f 7761 7264 y working toward\n+00004d60: 7320 6120 322e 3020 7265 6c65 6173 652e s a 2.0 release.\n+00004d70: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 6520 .. If you are \n+00004d80: 696e 7465 7265 7374 6564 2069 6e20 7468 interested in th\n+00004d90: 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e 7420 6f66 e development of\n+00004da0: 2047 5255 4220 322c 2074 616b 6520 6120 GRUB 2, take a \n+00004db0: 6c6f 6f6b 2061 740a 7468 6520 686f 6d65 look at.the home\n+00004dc0: 7061 6765 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 page (http://www\n+00004dd0: 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f73 6f66 7477 6172 .gnu.org/softwar\n+00004de0: 652f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6874 6d6c e/grub/grub.html\n+00004df0: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+00004e00: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f .info, Node: Co\n+00004e10: 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 pying This Manua\n+00004e20: 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 6465 782c l, Next: Index,\n+00004e30: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4675 7475 7265 2c20 Prev: Future, \n+00004e40: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 Up: Top..Append\n+00004e50: 6978 2044 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 ix D Copying Thi\n+00004e60: 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a s Manual.*******\n 00004e70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 **********..* Me\n-00004e90: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 nu:..* GNU Free \n-00004ea0: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 Documentation Li\n-00004eb0: 6365 6e73 653a 3a20 204c 6963 656e 7365 cense:: License\n-00004ec0: 2066 6f72 2063 6f70 7969 6e67 2074 6869 for copying thi\n-00004ed0: 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c s manual.....Fil\n-00004ee0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00004ef0: 6f64 653a 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f ode: GNU Free Do\n-00004f00: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 cumentation Lice\n-00004f10: 6e73 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 7079 696e nse, Up: Copyin\n-00004f20: 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 0a44 g This Manual..D\n-00004f30: 2e31 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 .1 GNU Free Docu\n-00004f40: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 mentation Licens\n-00004f50: 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d e.==============\n+00004e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a *******..* Menu:\n+00004e90: 0a0a 2a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 ..* GNU Free Doc\n+00004ea0: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n+00004eb0: 7365 3a3a 2020 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 666f se:: License fo\n+00004ec0: 7220 636f 7079 696e 6720 7468 6973 206d r copying this m\n+00004ed0: 616e 7561 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 anual.....File: \n+00004ee0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00004ef0: 3a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d : GNU Free Docum\n+00004f00: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 entation License\n+00004f10: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 , Up: Copying T\n+00004f20: 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a0a 442e 3120 his Manual..D.1 \n+00004f30: 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e GNU Free Documen\n+00004f40: 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e 7365 0a3d tation License.=\n+00004f50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00004f60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004f70: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ====.. \n-00004f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 Vers\n-00004f90: 696f 6e20 312e 322c 204e 6f76 656d 6265 ion 1.2, Novembe\n-00004fa0: 7220 3230 3032 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6f70 r 2002.. 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Bu\n-00005490: 7420 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 t this License i\n-000054a0: 7320 6e6f 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f s not limited to\n-000054b0: 0a20 2020 2020 736f 6674 7761 7265 206d . software m\n-000054c0: 616e 7561 6c73 3b20 6974 2063 616e 2062 anuals; it can b\n-000054d0: 6520 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 6e79 2074 e used for any t\n-000054e0: 6578 7475 616c 2077 6f72 6b2c 2072 6567 extual work, reg\n-000054f0: 6172 646c 6573 730a 2020 2020 206f 6620 ardless. of \n-00005500: 7375 626a 6563 7420 6d61 7474 6572 206f subject matter o\n-00005510: 7220 7768 6574 6865 7220 6974 2069 7320 r whether it is \n-00005520: 7075 626c 6973 6865 6420 6173 2061 2070 published as a p\n-00005530: 7269 6e74 6564 2062 6f6f 6b2e 2020 5765 rinted book. We\n-00005540: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 . recommend \n-00005550: 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2070 7269 this License pri\n-00005560: 6e63 6970 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2077 6f72 ncipally for wor\n-00005570: 6b73 2077 686f 7365 2070 7572 706f 7365 ks whose purpose\n-00005580: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7472 7563 is. instruc\n-00005590: 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 7265 6665 7265 6e63 tion or referenc\n-000055a0: 652e 0a0a 2020 312e 2041 5050 4c49 4341 e... 1. APPLICA\n-000055b0: 4249 4c49 5459 2041 4e44 2044 4546 494e BILITY AND DEFIN\n-000055c0: 4954 494f 4e53 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 ITIONS.. Thi\n-000055d0: 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6170 706c 6965 s License applie\n-000055e0: 7320 746f 2061 6e79 206d 616e 7561 6c20 s to any manual \n-000055f0: 6f72 206f 7468 6572 2077 6f72 6b2c 2069 or other work, i\n-00005600: 6e20 616e 7920 6d65 6469 756d 2c0a 2020 n any medium,. \n-00005610: 2020 2074 6861 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 that contains\n-00005620: 2061 206e 6f74 6963 6520 706c 6163 6564 a notice placed\n-00005630: 2062 7920 7468 6520 636f 7079 7269 6768 by the copyrigh\n-00005640: 7420 686f 6c64 6572 2073 6179 696e 6720 t holder saying \n-00005650: 6974 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2064 it can. be d\n-00005660: 6973 7472 6962 7574 6564 2075 6e64 6572 istributed under\n-00005670: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 the terms of th\n-00005680: 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2e20 2053 7563 is License. Suc\n-00005690: 6820 6120 6e6f 7469 6365 0a20 2020 2020 h a notice. \n-000056a0: 6772 616e 7473 2061 2077 6f72 6c64 2d77 grants a world-w\n-000056b0: 6964 652c 2072 6f79 616c 7479 2d66 7265 ide, royalty-fre\n-000056c0: 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 652c 2075 6e6c 696d e license, unlim\n-000056d0: 6974 6564 2069 6e20 6475 7261 7469 6f6e ited in duration\n-000056e0: 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 ,. to use th\n-000056f0: 6174 2077 6f72 6b20 756e 6465 7220 7468 at work under th\n-00005700: 6520 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 2073 7461 e conditions sta\n-00005710: 7465 6420 6865 7265 696e 2e20 2054 6865 ted herein. The\n-00005720: 0a20 2020 2020 2244 6f63 756d 656e 7422 . \"Document\"\n-00005730: 2c20 6265 6c6f 772c 2072 6566 6572 7320 , below, refers \n-00005740: 746f 2061 6e79 2073 7563 6820 6d61 6e75 to any such manu\n-00005750: 616c 206f 7220 776f 726b 2e20 2041 6e79 al or work. Any\n-00005760: 206d 656d 6265 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 member. of \n-00005770: 7468 6520 7075 626c 6963 2069 7320 6120 the public is a \n-00005780: 6c69 6365 6e73 6565 2c20 616e 6420 6973 licensee, and is\n-00005790: 2061 6464 7265 7373 6564 2061 7320 2279 addressed as \"y\n-000057a0: 6f75 222e 2020 596f 7520 6163 6365 7074 ou\". You accept\n-000057b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 . the licens\n-000057c0: 6520 6966 2079 6f75 2063 6f70 792c 206d e if you copy, m\n-000057d0: 6f64 6966 7920 6f72 2064 6973 7472 6962 odify or distrib\n-000057e0: 7574 6520 7468 6520 776f 726b 2069 6e20 ute the work in \n-000057f0: 6120 7761 790a 2020 2020 2072 6571 7569 a way. requi\n-00005800: 7269 6e67 2070 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 ring permission \n-00005810: 756e 6465 7220 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 under copyright \n-00005820: 6c61 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 2022 4d6f law... A \"Mo\n-00005830: 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2220 dified Version\" \n-00005840: 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 of the Document \n-00005850: 6d65 616e 7320 616e 7920 776f 726b 2063 means any work c\n-00005860: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 ontaining the. \n-00005870: 2020 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6f72 2061 Document or a\n-00005880: 2070 6f72 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6974 2c20 portion of it, \n-00005890: 6569 7468 6572 2063 6f70 6965 6420 7665 either copied ve\n-000058a0: 7262 6174 696d 2c20 6f72 2077 6974 680a rbatim, or with.\n-000058b0: 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f modificatio\n-000058c0: 6e73 2061 6e64 2f6f 7220 7472 616e 736c ns and/or transl\n-000058d0: 6174 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 616e 6f74 6865 ated into anothe\n-000058e0: 7220 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 r language... \n-000058f0: 2020 4120 2253 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 A \"Secondary S\n-00005900: 6563 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2061 206e 616d ection\" is a nam\n-00005910: 6564 2061 7070 656e 6469 7820 6f72 2061 ed appendix or a\n-00005920: 2066 726f 6e74 2d6d 6174 7465 7220 7365 front-matter se\n-00005930: 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 ction. of th\n-00005940: 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 e Document that \n-00005950: 6465 616c 7320 6578 636c 7573 6976 656c deals exclusivel\n-00005960: 7920 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 656c 6174 y with the relat\n-00005970: 696f 6e73 6869 7020 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 ionship of the. \n-00005980: 2020 2020 7075 626c 6973 6865 7273 206f publishers o\n-00005990: 7220 6175 7468 6f72 7320 6f66 2074 6865 r authors of the\n-000059a0: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 Document to the\n-000059b0: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7427 7320 6f76 6572 Document's over\n-000059c0: 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7562 6a65 6374 all. subject\n-000059d0: 2028 6f72 2074 6f20 7265 6c61 7465 6420 (or to related \n-000059e0: 6d61 7474 6572 7329 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e matters) and con\n-000059f0: 7461 696e 7320 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7468 tains nothing th\n-00005a00: 6174 2063 6f75 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 6661 at could. fa\n-00005a10: 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 7769 7468 ll directly with\n-00005a20: 696e 2074 6861 7420 6f76 6572 616c 6c20 in that overall \n-00005a30: 7375 626a 6563 742e 2020 2854 6875 732c subject. (Thus,\n-00005a40: 2069 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 if the Document\n-00005a50: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2069 6e20 7061 7274 . is in part\n-00005a60: 2061 2074 6578 7462 6f6f 6b20 6f66 206d a textbook of m\n-00005a70: 6174 6865 6d61 7469 6373 2c20 6120 5365 athematics, a Se\n-00005a80: 636f 6e64 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e20 condary Section \n-00005a90: 6d61 7920 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2065 7870 may not. exp\n-00005aa0: 6c61 696e 2061 6e79 206d 6174 6865 6d61 lain any mathema\n-00005ab0: 7469 6373 2e29 2020 5468 6520 7265 6c61 tics.) The rela\n-00005ac0: 7469 6f6e 7368 6970 2063 6f75 6c64 2062 tionship could b\n-00005ad0: 6520 6120 6d61 7474 6572 206f 660a 2020 e a matter of. \n-00005ae0: 2020 2068 6973 746f 7269 6361 6c20 636f historical co\n-00005af0: 6e6e 6563 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 7468 nnection with th\n-00005b00: 6520 7375 626a 6563 7420 6f72 2077 6974 e subject or wit\n-00005b10: 6820 7265 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 7474 6572 h related matter\n-00005b20: 732c 206f 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 6c65 s, or. of le\n-00005b30: 6761 6c2c 2063 6f6d 6d65 7263 6961 6c2c gal, commercial,\n-00005b40: 2070 6869 6c6f 736f 7068 6963 616c 2c20 philosophical, \n-00005b50: 6574 6869 6361 6c20 6f72 2070 6f6c 6974 ethical or polit\n-00005b60: 6963 616c 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 ical position. \n-00005b70: 2020 2072 6567 6172 6469 6e67 2074 6865 regarding the\n-00005b80: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2022 496e m... The \"In\n-00005b90: 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 variant Sections\n-00005ba0: 2220 6172 6520 6365 7274 6169 6e20 5365 \" are certain Se\n-00005bb0: 636f 6e64 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e73 condary Sections\n-00005bc0: 2077 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7469 746c whose. titl\n-00005bd0: 6573 2061 7265 2064 6573 6967 6e61 7465 es are designate\n-00005be0: 642c 2061 7320 6265 696e 6720 7468 6f73 d, as being thos\n-00005bf0: 6520 6f66 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 e of Invariant S\n-00005c00: 6563 7469 6f6e 732c 2069 6e20 7468 650a ections, in the.\n-00005c10: 2020 2020 206e 6f74 6963 6520 7468 6174 notice that\n-00005c20: 2073 6179 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2044 says that the D\n-00005c30: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6973 2072 656c 6561 ocument is relea\n-00005c40: 7365 6420 756e 6465 7220 7468 6973 204c sed under this L\n-00005c50: 6963 656e 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 icense.. If \n-00005c60: 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 646f 6573 206e a section does n\n-00005c70: 6f74 2066 6974 2074 6865 2061 626f 7665 ot fit the above\n-00005c80: 2064 6566 696e 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2053 definition of S\n-00005c90: 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 2074 6865 6e20 6974 econdary then it\n-00005ca0: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c . is not all\n-00005cb0: 6f77 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6573 6967 owed to be desig\n-00005cc0: 6e61 7465 6420 6173 2049 6e76 6172 6961 nated as Invaria\n-00005cd0: 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e nt. The Documen\n-00005ce0: 7420 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 t may. conta\n-00005cf0: 696e 207a 6572 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e in zero Invarian\n-00005d00: 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 2049 6620 t Sections. If \n-00005d10: 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2064 6f65 the Document doe\n-00005d20: 7320 6e6f 7420 6964 656e 7469 6679 0a20 s not identify. \n-00005d30: 2020 2020 616e 7920 496e 7661 7269 616e any Invarian\n-00005d40: 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2074 6865 6e20 t Sections then \n-00005d50: 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6e6f 6e65 2e0a there are none..\n-00005d60: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 2243 6f76 6572 . 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In cas\n-000099b0: 6520 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7361 e of a. disa\n-000099c0: 6772 6565 6d65 6e74 2062 6574 7765 656e greement between\n-000099d0: 2074 6865 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e the translation\n-000099e0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 and the origina\n-000099f0: 6c20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f66 0a20 2020 l version of. \n-00009a00: 2020 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 206f this License o\n-00009a10: 7220 6120 6e6f 7469 6365 206f 7220 6469 r a notice or di\n-00009a20: 7363 6c61 696d 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6f72 sclaimer, the or\n-00009a30: 6967 696e 616c 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2077 iginal version w\n-00009a40: 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2070 7265 7661 696c ill. prevail\n-00009a50: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 2073 6563 ... If a sec\n-00009a60: 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 446f 6375 tion in the Docu\n-00009a70: 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 456e 7469 746c 6564 ment is Entitled\n-00009a80: 2022 4163 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 656d 656e \"Acknowledgemen\n-00009a90: 7473 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2244 6564 6963 ts\",. \"Dedic\n-00009aa0: 6174 696f 6e73 222c 206f 7220 2248 6973 ations\", or \"His\n-00009ab0: 746f 7279 222c 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 tory\", the requi\n-00009ac0: 7265 6d65 6e74 2028 7365 6374 696f 6e20 rement (section \n-00009ad0: 3429 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2050 7265 7365 4) to. Prese\n-00009ae0: 7276 6520 6974 7320 5469 746c 6520 2873 rve its Title (s\n-00009af0: 6563 7469 6f6e 2031 2920 7769 6c6c 2074 ection 1) will t\n-00009b00: 7970 6963 616c 6c79 2072 6571 7569 7265 ypically require\n-00009b10: 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 changing the. \n-00009b20: 2020 2061 6374 7561 6c20 7469 746c 652e actual title.\n-00009b30: 0a0a 2020 392e 2054 4552 4d49 4e41 5449 .. 9. 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Any other. \n-00009bd0: 2020 2020 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 2063 attempt to c\n-00009be0: 6f70 792c 206d 6f64 6966 792c 2073 7562 opy, modify, sub\n-00009bf0: 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6f72 2064 6973 7472 license or distr\n-00009c00: 6962 7574 6520 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 ibute the Docume\n-00009c10: 6e74 2069 730a 2020 2020 2076 6f69 642c nt is. void,\n-00009c20: 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 and will automa\n-00009c30: 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7465 726d 696e 6174 tically terminat\n-00009c40: 6520 796f 7572 2072 6967 6874 7320 756e e your rights un\n-00009c50: 6465 7220 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 der this. Li\n-00009c60: 6365 6e73 652e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c cense. 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Such \n-00009dd0: 6e65 770a 2020 2020 2076 6572 7369 6f6e new. version\n-00009de0: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7369 6d69 6c61 s will be simila\n-00009df0: 7220 696e 2073 7069 7269 7420 746f 2074 r in spirit to t\n-00009e00: 6865 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2076 6572 7369 he present versi\n-00009e10: 6f6e 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 790a 2020 2020 on, but may. \n-00009e20: 2064 6966 6665 7220 696e 2064 6574 6169 differ in detai\n-00009e30: 6c20 746f 2061 6464 7265 7373 206e 6577 l to address new\n-00009e40: 2070 726f 626c 656d 7320 6f72 2063 6f6e problems or con\n-00009e50: 6365 726e 732e 2020 5365 650a 2020 2020 cerns. See. \n-00009e60: 203c 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 .\n-00009e80: 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 6163 6820 7665 7273 .. 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If the. \n-0000a020: 2020 2020 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2064 6f65 Document doe\n-0000a030: 7320 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 s not specify a \n-0000a040: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f version number o\n-0000a050: 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 f this License, \n-0000a060: 796f 7520 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2063 686f you may. cho\n-0000a070: 6f73 6520 616e 7920 7665 7273 696f 6e20 ose any version \n-0000a080: 6576 6572 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6564 2028 ever published (\n-0000a090: 6e6f 7420 6173 2061 2064 7261 6674 2920 not as a draft) \n-0000a0a0: 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 650a 2020 2020 by the Free. \n-0000a0b0: 2053 6f66 7477 6172 6520 466f 756e 6461 Software Founda\n-0000a0c0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a44 2e31 2e31 2041 4444 tion...D.1.1 ADD\n-0000a0d0: 454e 4455 4d3a 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7573 ENDUM: How to us\n-0000a0e0: 6520 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2066 e this License f\n-0000a0f0: 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 or your document\n-0000a100: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n+00004f70: 3d0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 =.. \n+00004f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e Version\n+00004f90: 2031 2e32 2c20 4e6f 7665 6d62 6572 2032 1.2, November 2\n+00004fa0: 3030 320a 0a20 2020 2020 436f 7079 7269 002.. Copyri\n+00004fb0: 6768 7420 c2a9 2032 3030 302c 3230 3031 ght .. 2000,2001\n+00004fc0: 2c32 3030 3220 4672 6565 2053 6f66 7477 ,2002 Free Softw\n+00004fd0: 6172 6520 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 2c20 are Foundation, \n+00004fe0: 496e 632e 0a20 2020 2020 3531 2046 7261 Inc.. 51 Fra\n+00004ff0: 6e6b 6c69 6e20 5374 2c20 4669 6674 6820 nklin St, Fifth \n+00005000: 466c 6f6f 722c 2042 6f73 746f 6e2c 204d Floor, Boston, M\n+00005010: 4120 2030 3231 3130 2d31 3330 312c 2055 A 02110-1301, U\n+00005020: 5341 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7665 7279 6f6e SA.. 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We. \n+00005540: 2020 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 6869 recommend thi\n+00005550: 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 7072 696e 6369 s License princi\n+00005560: 7061 6c6c 7920 666f 7220 776f 726b 7320 pally for works \n+00005570: 7768 6f73 6520 7075 7270 6f73 6520 6973 whose purpose is\n+00005580: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7374 7275 6374 696f . instructio\n+00005590: 6e20 6f72 2072 6566 6572 656e 6365 2e0a n or reference..\n+000055a0: 0a20 2031 2e20 4150 504c 4943 4142 494c . 1. APPLICABIL\n+000055b0: 4954 5920 414e 4420 4445 4649 4e49 5449 ITY AND DEFINITI\n+000055c0: 4f4e 530a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 204c ONS.. This L\n+000055d0: 6963 656e 7365 2061 7070 6c69 6573 2074 icense applies t\n+000055e0: 6f20 616e 7920 6d61 6e75 616c 206f 7220 o any manual or \n+000055f0: 6f74 6865 7220 776f 726b 2c20 696e 2061 other work, in a\n+00005600: 6e79 206d 6564 6975 6d2c 0a20 2020 2020 ny medium,. \n+00005610: 7468 6174 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 6120 that contains a \n+00005620: 6e6f 7469 6365 2070 6c61 6365 6420 6279 notice placed by\n+00005630: 2074 6865 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 2068 the copyright h\n+00005640: 6f6c 6465 7220 7361 7969 6e67 2069 7420 older saying it \n+00005650: 6361 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6520 6469 7374 can. be dist\n+00005660: 7269 6275 7465 6420 756e 6465 7220 7468 ributed under th\n+00005670: 6520 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2074 6869 7320 e terms of this \n+00005680: 4c69 6365 6e73 652e 2020 5375 6368 2061 License. Such a\n+00005690: 206e 6f74 6963 650a 2020 2020 2067 7261 notice. gra\n+000056a0: 6e74 7320 6120 776f 726c 642d 7769 6465 nts a world-wide\n+000056b0: 2c20 726f 7961 6c74 792d 6672 6565 206c , royalty-free l\n+000056c0: 6963 656e 7365 2c20 756e 6c69 6d69 7465 icense, unlimite\n+000056d0: 6420 696e 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 0a20 d in duration,. \n+000056e0: 2020 2020 746f 2075 7365 2074 6861 7420 to use that \n+000056f0: 776f 726b 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2063 work under the c\n+00005700: 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 6174 6564 onditions stated\n+00005710: 2068 6572 6569 6e2e 2020 5468 650a 2020 herein. The. \n+00005720: 2020 2022 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 222c 2062 \"Document\", b\n+00005730: 656c 6f77 2c20 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 elow, refers to \n+00005740: 616e 7920 7375 6368 206d 616e 7561 6c20 any such manual \n+00005750: 6f72 2077 6f72 6b2e 2020 416e 7920 6d65 or work. Any me\n+00005760: 6d62 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 6865 mber. of the\n+00005770: 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6973 2061 206c 6963 public is a lic\n+00005780: 656e 7365 652c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6164 ensee, and is ad\n+00005790: 6472 6573 7365 6420 6173 2022 796f 7522 dressed as \"you\"\n+000057a0: 2e20 2059 6f75 2061 6363 6570 740a 2020 . You accept. \n+000057b0: 2020 2074 6865 206c 6963 656e 7365 2069 the license i\n+000057c0: 6620 796f 7520 636f 7079 2c20 6d6f 6469 f you copy, modi\n+000057d0: 6679 206f 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 fy or distribute\n+000057e0: 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6b20 696e 2061 2077 the work in a w\n+000057f0: 6179 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7175 6972 696e ay. requirin\n+00005800: 6720 7065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2075 6e64 g permission und\n+00005810: 6572 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 206c 6177 er copyright law\n+00005820: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4120 224d 6f64 6966 ... A \"Modif\n+00005830: 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e22 206f 6620 ied Version\" of \n+00005840: 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 206d 6561 the Document mea\n+00005850: 6e73 2061 6e79 2077 6f72 6b20 636f 6e74 ns any work cont\n+00005860: 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 aining the. \n+00005870: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 206f 7220 6120 706f Document or a po\n+00005880: 7274 696f 6e20 6f66 2069 742c 2065 6974 rtion of it, eit\n+00005890: 6865 7220 636f 7069 6564 2076 6572 6261 her copied verba\n+000058a0: 7469 6d2c 206f 7220 7769 7468 0a20 2020 tim, or with. \n+000058b0: 2020 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 modifications \n+000058c0: 616e 642f 6f72 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 and/or translate\n+000058d0: 6420 696e 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 206c d into another l\n+000058e0: 616e 6775 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 anguage... A\n+000058f0: 2022 5365 636f 6e64 6172 7920 5365 6374 \"Secondary Sect\n+00005900: 696f 6e22 2069 7320 6120 6e61 6d65 6420 ion\" is a named \n+00005910: 6170 7065 6e64 6978 206f 7220 6120 6672 appendix or a fr\n+00005920: 6f6e 742d 6d61 7474 6572 2073 6563 7469 ont-matter secti\n+00005930: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 6865 2044 on. of the D\n+00005940: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 7468 6174 2064 6561 ocument that dea\n+00005950: 6c73 2065 7863 6c75 7369 7665 6c79 2077 ls exclusively w\n+00005960: 6974 6820 7468 6520 7265 6c61 7469 6f6e ith the relation\n+00005970: 7368 6970 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 ship of the. \n+00005980: 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6572 7320 6f72 2061 publishers or a\n+00005990: 7574 686f 7273 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f uthors of the Do\n+000059a0: 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 446f cument to the Do\n+000059b0: 6375 6d65 6e74 2773 206f 7665 7261 6c6c cument's overall\n+000059c0: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 626a 6563 7420 286f . subject (o\n+000059d0: 7220 746f 2072 656c 6174 6564 206d 6174 r to related mat\n+000059e0: 7465 7273 2920 616e 6420 636f 6e74 6169 ters) and contai\n+000059f0: 6e73 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2074 6861 7420 ns nothing that \n+00005a00: 636f 756c 640a 2020 2020 2066 616c 6c20 could. fall \n+00005a10: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2077 6974 6869 6e20 directly within \n+00005a20: 7468 6174 206f 7665 7261 6c6c 2073 7562 that overall sub\n+00005a30: 6a65 6374 2e20 2028 5468 7573 2c20 6966 ject. (Thus, if\n+00005a40: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 740a 2020 the Document. \n+00005a50: 2020 2069 7320 696e 2070 6172 7420 6120 is in part a \n+00005a60: 7465 7874 626f 6f6b 206f 6620 6d61 7468 textbook of math\n+00005a70: 656d 6174 6963 732c 2061 2053 6563 6f6e ematics, a Secon\n+00005a80: 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 dary Section may\n+00005a90: 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c 6169 not. explai\n+00005aa0: 6e20 616e 7920 6d61 7468 656d 6174 6963 n any mathematic\n+00005ab0: 732e 2920 2054 6865 2072 656c 6174 696f s.) The relatio\n+00005ac0: 6e73 6869 7020 636f 756c 6420 6265 2061 nship could be a\n+00005ad0: 206d 6174 7465 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 matter of. \n+00005ae0: 6869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 2063 6f6e 6e65 historical conne\n+00005af0: 6374 696f 6e20 7769 7468 2074 6865 2073 ction with the s\n+00005b00: 7562 6a65 6374 206f 7220 7769 7468 2072 ubject or with r\n+00005b10: 656c 6174 6564 206d 6174 7465 7273 2c20 elated matters, \n+00005b20: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 206c 6567 616c or. of legal\n+00005b30: 2c20 636f 6d6d 6572 6369 616c 2c20 7068 , commercial, ph\n+00005b40: 696c 6f73 6f70 6869 6361 6c2c 2065 7468 ilosophical, eth\n+00005b50: 6963 616c 206f 7220 706f 6c69 7469 6361 ical or politica\n+00005b60: 6c20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 l position. \n+00005b70: 7265 6761 7264 696e 6720 7468 656d 2e0a regarding them..\n+00005b80: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 2249 6e76 6172 . The \"Invar\n+00005b90: 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7322 2061 iant Sections\" a\n+00005ba0: 7265 2063 6572 7461 696e 2053 6563 6f6e re certain Secon\n+00005bb0: 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 7768 dary Sections wh\n+00005bc0: 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 7320 ose. titles \n+00005bd0: 6172 6520 6465 7369 676e 6174 6564 2c20 are designated, \n+00005be0: 6173 2062 6569 6e67 2074 686f 7365 206f as being those o\n+00005bf0: 6620 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 f Invariant Sect\n+00005c00: 696f 6e73 2c20 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ions, in the. \n+00005c10: 2020 6e6f 7469 6365 2074 6861 7420 7361 notice that sa\n+00005c20: 7973 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 446f 6375 ys that the Docu\n+00005c30: 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 7265 6c65 6173 6564 ment is released\n+00005c40: 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 under this Lice\n+00005c50: 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2061 2073 nse.. If a s\n+00005c60: 6563 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 ection does not \n+00005c70: 6669 7420 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 6465 fit the above de\n+00005c80: 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 5365 636f finition of Seco\n+00005c90: 6e64 6172 7920 7468 656e 2069 740a 2020 ndary then it. \n+00005ca0: 2020 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 is not allowe\n+00005cb0: 6420 746f 2062 6520 6465 7369 676e 6174 d to be designat\n+00005cc0: 6564 2061 7320 496e 7661 7269 616e 742e ed as Invariant.\n+00005cd0: 2020 5468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 206d The Document m\n+00005ce0: 6179 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 ay. contain \n+00005cf0: 7a65 726f 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 zero Invariant S\n+00005d00: 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4966 2074 6865 ections. If the\n+00005d10: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 646f 6573 206e Document does n\n+00005d20: 6f74 2069 6465 6e74 6966 790a 2020 2020 ot identify. \n+00005d30: 2061 6e79 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 any Invariant S\n+00005d40: 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 7468 656e 2074 6865 ections then the\n+00005d50: 7265 2061 7265 206e 6f6e 652e 0a0a 2020 re are none... \n+00005d60: 2020 2054 6865 2022 436f 7665 7220 5465 The \"Cover Te\n+00005d70: 7874 7322 2061 7265 2063 6572 7461 696e xts\" are certain\n+00005d80: 2073 686f 7274 2070 6173 7361 6765 7320 short passages \n+00005d90: 6f66 2074 6578 7420 7468 6174 2061 7265 of text that are\n+00005da0: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 6564 2c20 6173 . listed, as\n+00005db0: 2046 726f 6e74 2d43 6f76 6572 2054 6578 Front-Cover Tex\n+00005dc0: 7473 206f 7220 4261 636b 2d43 6f76 6572 ts or Back-Cover\n+00005dd0: 2054 6578 7473 2c20 696e 2074 6865 206e Texts, in the n\n+00005de0: 6f74 6963 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 otice. that \n+00005df0: 7361 7973 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 446f says that the Do\n+00005e00: 6375 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 7265 6c65 6173 cument is releas\n+00005e10: 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6869 7320 4c69 ed under this Li\n+00005e20: 6365 6e73 652e 2020 410a 2020 2020 2046 cense. 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For.\n+00006570: 2020 2020 2077 6f72 6b73 2069 6e20 666f works in fo\n+00006580: 726d 6174 7320 7768 6963 6820 646f 206e rmats which do n\n+00006590: 6f74 2068 6176 6520 616e 7920 7469 746c ot have any titl\n+000065a0: 6520 7061 6765 2061 7320 7375 6368 2c20 e page as such, \n+000065b0: 2254 6974 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5061 6765 \"Title. Page\n+000065c0: 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7465 7874 \" means the text\n+000065d0: 206e 6561 7220 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2070 near the most p\n+000065e0: 726f 6d69 6e65 6e74 2061 7070 6561 7261 rominent appeara\n+000065f0: 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 nce of the. \n+00006600: 776f 726b 2773 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 7072 work's title, pr\n+00006610: 6563 6564 696e 6720 7468 6520 6265 6769 eceding the begi\n+00006620: 6e6e 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f64 nning of the bod\n+00006630: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 742e 0a0a y of the text...\n+00006640: 2020 2020 2041 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2022 A section \"\n+00006650: 456e 7469 746c 6564 2058 595a 2220 6d65 Entitled XYZ\" me\n+00006660: 616e 7320 6120 6e61 6d65 6420 7375 6275 ans a named subu\n+00006670: 6e69 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d nit of the Docum\n+00006680: 656e 740a 2020 2020 2077 686f 7365 2074 ent. whose t\n+00006690: 6974 6c65 2065 6974 6865 7220 6973 2070 itle either is p\n+000066a0: 7265 6369 7365 6c79 2058 595a 206f 7220 recisely XYZ or \n+000066b0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2058 595a 2069 6e20 contains XYZ in \n+000066c0: 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 730a 2020 2020 parentheses. \n+000066d0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 6578 7420 following text \n+000066e0: 7468 6174 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 7320 that translates \n+000066f0: 5859 5a20 696e 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 206c XYZ in another l\n+00006700: 616e 6775 6167 652e 2020 2848 6572 6520 anguage. 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I. \n+00007d40: 5072 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 2073 6563 Preserve the sec\n+00007d50: 7469 6f6e 2045 6e74 6974 6c65 6420 2248 tion Entitled \"H\n+00007d60: 6973 746f 7279 222c 2050 7265 7365 7276 istory\", Preserv\n+00007d70: 6520 6974 7320 5469 746c 652c 0a20 2020 e its Title,. \n+00007d80: 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2061 6464 2074 and add t\n+00007d90: 6f20 6974 2061 6e20 6974 656d 2073 7461 o it an item sta\n+00007da0: 7469 6e67 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 7468 ting at least th\n+00007db0: 6520 7469 746c 652c 2079 6561 722c 206e e title, year, n\n+00007dc0: 6577 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 7574 ew. aut\n+00007dd0: 686f 7273 2c20 616e 6420 7075 626c 6973 hors, and publis\n+00007de0: 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6865 204d 6f64 6966 her of the Modif\n+00007df0: 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e20 6173 2067 ied Version as g\n+00007e00: 6976 656e 206f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 iven on the. \n+00007e10: 2020 2020 2020 5469 746c 6520 5061 6765 Title Page\n+00007e20: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e . 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TRANSLATION.. \n+00009700: 2020 2020 5472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 Translation \n+00009710: 6973 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 6120 is considered a \n+00009720: 6b69 6e64 206f 6620 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 kind of modifica\n+00009730: 7469 6f6e 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 206d 6179 tion, so you may\n+00009740: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7374 7269 6275 7465 . distribute\n+00009750: 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 translations of\n+00009760: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 756e the Document un\n+00009770: 6465 7220 7468 6520 7465 726d 7320 6f66 der the terms of\n+00009780: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 342e section. 4.\n+00009790: 2020 5265 706c 6163 696e 6720 496e 7661 Replacing Inva\n+000097a0: 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2077 riant Sections w\n+000097b0: 6974 6820 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e73 ith translations\n+000097c0: 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 7370 6563 6961 requires specia\n+000097d0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2070 6572 6d69 7373 696f l. permissio\n+000097e0: 6e20 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 6972 2063 6f70 n from their cop\n+000097f0: 7972 6967 6874 2068 6f6c 6465 7273 2c20 yright holders, \n+00009800: 6275 7420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 696e 636c but you may incl\n+00009810: 7564 650a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 ude. transla\n+00009820: 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2073 6f6d 6520 6f72 tions of some or\n+00009830: 2061 6c6c 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 all Invariant S\n+00009840: 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 696e 2061 6464 6974 ections in addit\n+00009850: 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ion to the. \n+00009860: 6f72 6967 696e 616c 2076 6572 7369 6f6e original version\n+00009870: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2049 6e76 6172 s of these Invar\n+00009880: 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 iant Sections. \n+00009890: 596f 7520 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 6520 You may include \n+000098a0: 610a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 a. translati\n+000098b0: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e on of this Licen\n+000098c0: 7365 2c20 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7468 6520 se, and all the \n+000098d0: 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6e6f 7469 6365 7320 license notices \n+000098e0: 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 446f 6375 in the. 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(li\n-0000a990: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 636c 6561 723a 2020 ne 6).* clear: \n+0000a970: 2020 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 chainloader. \n+0000a980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000a990: 3629 0a2a 2063 6c65 6172 3a20 2020 2020 6).* clear: \n 0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n-0000a9c0: 6c65 6172 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lear. \n-0000a9d0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000a9e0: 2043 4d4f 533a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 CMOS: \n+0000a9b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636c 6561 clea\n+0000a9c0: 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r. \n+0000a9d0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 434d (line 6).* CM\n+0000a9e0: 4f53 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 OS: \n 0000a9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 cmosdump\n-0000aa10: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 . (\n-0000aa20: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 636d 6f73 636c line 6).* cmoscl\n-0000aa30: 6561 6e3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ean: \n-0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa50: 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2e20 2020 2020 cmosclean. \n-0000aa60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000aa70: 0a2a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 743a 2020 2020 .* cmostest: \n+0000aa00: 2020 2020 2063 6d6f 7364 756d 702e 2020 cmosdump. \n+0000aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000aa20: 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e e 6).* cmosclean\n+0000aa30: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636d cm\n+0000aa50: 6f73 636c 6561 6e2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 osclean. \n+0000aa60: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000aa70: 636d 6f73 7465 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 cmostest: \n 0000aa80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636d 6f73 7465 cmoste\n-0000aaa0: 7374 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 st. \n-0000aab0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 636d 703a (line 6).* cmp:\n+0000aa90: 2020 2020 2020 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742e cmostest.\n+0000aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000aab0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 6d70 3a20 2020 ine 6).* cmp: \n 0000aac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000aad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aae0: 2020 2063 6d70 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 cmp. \n-0000aaf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000ab00: 3629 0a2a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a 6).* configfile:\n+0000aae0: 636d 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cmp. \n+0000aaf0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000ab00: 2a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a20 2020 * configfile: \n 0000ab10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 conf\n-0000ab30: 6967 6669 6c65 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 igfile. \n-0000ab40: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6370 (line 6).* cp\n-0000ab50: 7569 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 uid: \n+0000ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 configf\n+0000ab30: 696c 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ile. \n+0000ab40: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 7075 6964 (line 6).* cpuid\n+0000ab50: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000ab60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ab70: 2020 2020 2063 7075 6964 2e20 2020 2020 cpuid. \n-0000ab80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000ab90: 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 7263 3a20 2020 2020 e 6).* crc: \n+0000ab70: 2020 6370 7569 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 cpuid. \n+0000ab80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000ab90: 290a 2a20 6372 633a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ).* crc: \n 0000aba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n-0000abc0: 632e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 c. \n-0000abd0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000abe0: 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 743a 2020 2020 cryptomount: \n+0000abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7263 2e20 crc. \n+0000abc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000abd0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 7279 (line 6).* cry\n+0000abe0: 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ptomount: \n 0000abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac00: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 cryptomou\n-0000ac10: 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c nt. (l\n-0000ac20: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 7574 6d65 6d3a ine 6).* cutmem:\n+0000ac00: 2020 2020 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742e cryptomount.\n+0000ac10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000ac20: 2036 290a 2a20 6375 746d 656d 3a20 2020 6).* cutmem: \n 0000ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac50: 6375 746d 656d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 cutmem. \n-0000ac60: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000ac70: 2a20 6461 7465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 * date: \n+0000ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7574 cut\n+0000ac50: 6d65 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mem. \n+0000ac60: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2064 (line 6).* d\n+0000ac70: 6174 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ate: \n 0000ac80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6174 652e 2020 date. \n-0000aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000acb0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2064 6576 6963 (line 6).* devic\n-0000acc0: 6574 7265 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 etree: \n-0000acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ace0: 2020 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2e20 2020 devicetree. \n-0000acf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000ad00: 290a 2a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a20 2020 ).* distrust: \n+0000ac90: 2020 2020 2020 6461 7465 2e20 2020 2020 date. \n+0000aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000acb0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 ne 6).* devicetr\n+0000acc0: 6565 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ee: \n+0000acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 d\n+0000ace0: 6576 6963 6574 7265 652e 2020 2020 2020 evicetree. \n+0000acf0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000ad00: 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 2020 2020 2020 distrust: \n 0000ad10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6973 7472 distr\n-0000ad30: 7573 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ust. \n-0000ad40: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2064 7269 (line 6).* dri\n-0000ad50: 7665 6d61 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 vemap: \n+0000ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6469 7374 7275 7374 distrust\n+0000ad30: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 . (\n+0000ad40: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6472 6976 656d line 6).* drivem\n+0000ad50: 6170 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ap: \n 0000ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ad70: 2020 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 2e20 2020 drivemap. \n-0000ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000ad90: 2036 290a 2a20 6563 686f 3a20 2020 2020 6).* echo: \n+0000ad70: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702e 2020 2020 2020 drivemap. \n+0000ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000ad90: 0a2a 2065 6368 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* echo: \n 0000ada0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000adb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6368 ech\n-0000adc0: 6f2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n-0000add0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 (line 6).* e\n-0000ade0: 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 3a20 2020 2020 fitextmode: \n+0000adb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f 2e20 echo. \n+0000adc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000add0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6566 6974 (line 6).* efit\n+0000ade0: 6578 746d 6f64 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 extmode: \n 0000adf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae00: 2020 2020 2020 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 efitextmod\n-0000ae10: 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 e. (li\n-0000ae20: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6576 616c 3a20 2020 ne 6).* eval: \n+0000ae00: 2020 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 2e20 efitextmode. \n+0000ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000ae20: 3629 0a2a 2065 7661 6c3a 2020 2020 2020 6).* eval: \n 0000ae30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 e\n-0000ae50: 7661 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 val. \n-0000ae60: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000ae70: 2065 7870 6f72 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 export: \n+0000ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6576 616c eval\n+0000ae50: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000ae60: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6578 (line 6).* ex\n+0000ae70: 706f 7274 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 port: \n 0000ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6578 706f 7274 2e20 export. \n-0000aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000aeb0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6661 6c73 653a line 6).* false:\n+0000ae90: 2020 2020 2065 7870 6f72 742e 2020 2020 export. \n+0000aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000aeb0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2066 616c 7365 3a20 2020 e 6).* false: \n 0000aec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aee0: 2066 616c 7365 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 false. \n-0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000af00: 0a2a 2046 444c 2c20 474e 5520 4672 6565 .* FDL, GNU Free\n-0000af10: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c Documentation L\n-0000af20: 6963 656e 7365 3a20 2020 474e 5520 4672 icense: GNU Fr\n-0000af30: 6565 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e ee Documentation\n-0000af40: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 License.. \n+0000aed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6661 fa\n+0000aee0: 6c73 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lse. \n+0000aef0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000af00: 4644 4c2c 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f FDL, GNU Free Do\n+0000af10: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 cumentation Lice\n+0000af20: 6e73 653a 2020 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 nse: GNU Free \n+0000af30: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 Documentation Li\n+0000af40: 6365 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 cense.. \n 0000af50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000af60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000af70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000af80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000af90: 3629 0a2a 2066 7773 6574 7570 3a20 2020 6).* fwsetup: \n+0000af80: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000af90: 2a20 6677 7365 7475 703a 2020 2020 2020 * fwsetup: \n 0000afa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000afb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6677 7365 fwse\n-0000afc0: 7475 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tup. \n-0000afd0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6764 (line 6).* gd\n-0000afe0: 6269 6e66 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 binfo: \n+0000afb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 7773 6574 7570 fwsetup\n+0000afc0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000afd0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2067 6462 696e (line 6).* gdbin\n+0000afe0: 666f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 fo: \n 0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b000: 2020 2020 2067 6462 696e 666f 2e20 2020 gdbinfo. \n-0000b010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000b020: 6520 3629 0a2a 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a20 e 6).* gettext: \n+0000b000: 2020 6764 6269 6e66 6f2e 2020 2020 2020 gdbinfo. \n+0000b010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000b020: 290a 2a20 6765 7474 6578 743a 2020 2020 ).* gettext: \n 0000b030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6765 ge\n-0000b050: 7474 6578 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ttext. \n-0000b060: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000b070: 6770 7473 796e 633a 2020 2020 2020 2020 gptsync: \n+0000b040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6574 7465 gette\n+0000b050: 7874 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xt. \n+0000b060: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2067 7074 (line 6).* gpt\n+0000b070: 7379 6e63 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sync: \n 0000b080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b090: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2e20 gptsync. \n-0000b0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000b0b0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2068 616c 743a 2020 ine 6).* halt: \n+0000b090: 2020 2020 6770 7473 796e 632e 2020 2020 gptsync. \n+0000b0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000b0b0: 2036 290a 2a20 6861 6c74 3a20 2020 2020 6).* halt: \n 0000b0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b0e0: 6861 6c74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 halt. \n-0000b0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000b100: 2a20 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 * hashsum: \n+0000b0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 616c hal\n+0000b0e0: 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t. \n+0000b0f0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2068 (line 6).* h\n+0000b100: 6173 6873 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ashsum: \n 0000b110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6173 6873 756d hashsum\n-0000b130: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000b140: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2068 656c 703a (line 6).* help:\n+0000b120: 2020 2020 2020 6861 7368 7375 6d2e 2020 hashsum. \n+0000b130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000b140: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6865 6c70 3a20 2020 ne 6).* help: \n 0000b150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b170: 2020 6865 6c70 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 help. \n-0000b180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000b190: 290a 2a20 6865 7864 756d 703a 2020 2020 ).* hexdump: \n+0000b160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 h\n+0000b170: 656c 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 elp. \n+0000b180: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000b190: 2068 6578 6475 6d70 3a20 2020 2020 2020 hexdump: \n 0000b1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b1b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6578 6475 hexdu\n-0000b1c0: 6d70 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mp. \n-0000b1d0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2069 6e69 (line 6).* ini\n-0000b1e0: 7472 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 trd: \n+0000b1b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 7864 756d 702e hexdump.\n+0000b1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000b1d0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 696e 6974 7264 line 6).* initrd\n+0000b1e0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000b1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b200: 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 2e20 2020 2020 initrd. \n-0000b210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000b220: 2036 290a 2a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 3a20 6).* initrd16: \n+0000b200: 2069 6e69 7472 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 initrd. \n+0000b210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000b220: 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 2020 2020 .* initrd16: \n 0000b230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 ini\n-0000b250: 7472 6431 362e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 trd16. \n-0000b260: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2069 (line 6).* i\n-0000b270: 6e73 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nsmod: \n+0000b240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 initrd\n+0000b250: 3136 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 16. \n+0000b260: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 696e 736d (line 6).* insm\n+0000b270: 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 od: \n 0000b280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b290: 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2e20 2020 insmod. \n-0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000b2b0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 ne 6).* keystatu\n-0000b2c0: 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s: \n-0000b2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b k\n-0000b2e0: 6579 7374 6174 7573 2e20 2020 2020 2020 eystatus. \n-0000b2f0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000b300: 206c 696e 7578 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 linux: \n+0000b290: 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 642e 2020 2020 2020 insmod. \n+0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000b2b0: 3629 0a2a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 3a20 6).* keystatus: \n+0000b2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b65 7973 keys\n+0000b2e0: 7461 7475 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tatus. \n+0000b2f0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c69 (line 6).* li\n+0000b300: 6e75 783a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nux: \n 0000b310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 6e75 782e 2020 linux. \n-0000b330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000b340: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c69 6e75 7831 line 6).* linux1\n-0000b350: 363a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6: \n-0000b360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b370: 206c 696e 7578 3136 2e20 2020 2020 2020 linux16. \n-0000b380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000b390: 0a2a 206c 6973 745f 656e 763a 2020 2020 .* list_env: \n+0000b320: 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 2e20 2020 2020 linux. \n+0000b330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000b340: 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a20 e 6).* linux16: \n+0000b350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 li\n+0000b370: 6e75 7831 362e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nux16. \n+0000b380: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000b390: 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 3a20 2020 2020 2020 list_env: \n 0000b3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b3b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 7374 5f65 list_e\n-0000b3c0: 6e76 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nv. \n-0000b3d0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c69 7374 (line 6).* list\n-0000b3e0: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a20 2020 2020 2020 _trusted: \n+0000b3b0: 2020 2020 2020 206c 6973 745f 656e 762e list_env.\n+0000b3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000b3d0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 6973 745f 7472 ine 6).* list_tr\n+0000b3e0: 7573 7465 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 usted: \n 0000b3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b400: 2020 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 642e list_trusted.\n-0000b410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000b420: 3629 0a2a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 763a 2020 6).* load_env: \n+0000b400: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 2e20 2020 list_trusted. \n+0000b410: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000b420: 2a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a20 2020 2020 * load_env: \n 0000b430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 load\n-0000b450: 5f65 6e76 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _env. \n-0000b460: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6c6f (line 6).* lo\n-0000b470: 6164 666f 6e74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 adfont: \n+0000b440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f61 645f 656e load_en\n+0000b450: 762e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 v. \n+0000b460: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 6f61 6466 (line 6).* loadf\n+0000b470: 6f6e 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ont: \n 0000b480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b490: 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742e 2020 loadfont. \n-0000b4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000b4b0: 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b3a e 6).* loopback:\n+0000b490: 2020 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 loadfont. \n+0000b4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000b4b0: 290a 2a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 3a20 2020 ).* loopback: \n 0000b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f lo\n-0000b4e0: 6f70 6261 636b 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 opback. \n-0000b4f0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000b500: 6c73 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ls: \n+0000b4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 6f6f 7062 loopb\n+0000b4e0: 6163 6b2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ack. \n+0000b4f0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 733a (line 6).* ls:\n+0000b500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000b510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b520: 2020 2020 2020 206c 732e 2020 2020 2020 ls. \n-0000b530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000b540: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c 7366 6f6e 7473 ine 6).* lsfonts\n-0000b550: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0000b560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b570: 6c73 666f 6e74 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 lsfonts. \n-0000b580: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000b590: 2a20 6c73 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * lsmod: \n+0000b520: 2020 2020 6c73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ls. \n+0000b530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000b540: 2036 290a 2a20 6c73 666f 6e74 733a 2020 6).* lsfonts: \n+0000b550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 7366 lsf\n+0000b570: 6f6e 7473 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 onts. \n+0000b580: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c (line 6).* l\n+0000b590: 736d 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 smod: \n 0000b5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 736d 6f64 2e20 lsmod. \n-0000b5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b5d0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206d 6435 7375 (line 6).* md5su\n-0000b5e0: 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m: \n-0000b5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b600: 2020 6d64 3573 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 md5sum. \n-0000b610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000b620: 290a 2a20 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 793a 2020 ).* menuentry: \n+0000b5b0: 2020 2020 2020 6c73 6d6f 642e 2020 2020 lsmod. \n+0000b5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000b5d0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6d64 3573 756d 3a20 ne 6).* md5sum: \n+0000b5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d m\n+0000b600: 6435 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d5sum. \n+0000b610: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000b620: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a20 2020 2020 menuentry: \n 0000b630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 menue\n-0000b650: 6e74 7279 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ntry. \n-0000b660: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206d 6f64 (line 6).* mod\n-0000b670: 756c 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ule: \n+0000b640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 menuentr\n+0000b650: 792e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 y. (\n+0000b660: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 line 6).* module\n+0000b670: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000b680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b690: 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e20 2020 2020 module. \n-0000b6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000b6b0: 2036 290a 2a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 743a 6).* multiboot:\n+0000b690: 206d 6f64 756c 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 module. \n+0000b6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000b6b0: 0a2a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3a20 2020 .* multiboot: \n 0000b6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 756c mul\n-0000b6e0: 7469 626f 6f74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 tiboot. \n-0000b6f0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e (line 6).* n\n-0000b700: 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b3a 2020 2020 2020 ativedisk: \n+0000b6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 multib\n+0000b6e0: 6f6f 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot. \n+0000b6f0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e61 7469 (line 6).* nati\n+0000b700: 7665 6469 736b 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 vedisk: \n 0000b710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b720: 2020 2020 2020 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b nativedisk\n-0000b730: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 . (li\n-0000b740: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f ne 6).* net_add_\n-0000b750: 6164 6472 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 addr: \n-0000b760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-0000b770: 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 722e 2020 2020 et_add_addr. \n-0000b780: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000b790: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 3a20 2020 net_add_dns: \n+0000b720: 2020 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2e 2020 nativedisk. \n+0000b730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000b740: 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 6).* net_add_add\n+0000b750: 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r: \n+0000b760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f net_\n+0000b770: 6164 645f 6164 6472 2e20 2020 2020 2020 add_addr. \n+0000b780: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 (line 6).* ne\n+0000b790: 745f 6164 645f 646e 733a 2020 2020 2020 t_add_dns: \n 0000b7a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6164 645f net_add_\n-0000b7c0: 646e 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 dns. (\n-0000b7d0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 line 6).* net_ad\n-0000b7e0: 645f 726f 7574 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 d_route: \n-0000b7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b800: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2e20 net_add_route. \n-0000b810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000b820: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 3a20 2020 .* net_bootp: \n+0000b7b0: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 net_add_dns\n+0000b7c0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e . (lin\n+0000b7d0: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 e 6).* net_add_r\n+0000b7e0: 6f75 7465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oute: \n+0000b7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n+0000b800: 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 652e 2020 2020 t_add_route. \n+0000b810: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000b820: 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 703a 2020 2020 2020 net_bootp: \n 0000b830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 626f net_bo\n-0000b850: 6f74 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 otp. \n-0000b860: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f (line 6).* net_\n-0000b870: 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 3a20 2020 2020 2020 del_addr: \n+0000b840: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 net_bootp\n+0000b850: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c . (l\n+0000b860: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c ine 6).* net_del\n+0000b870: 5f61 6464 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _addr: \n 0000b880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b890: 2020 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722e net_del_addr.\n-0000b8a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000b8b0: 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 6).* net_del_dns\n-0000b8c0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-0000b8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f net_\n-0000b8e0: 6465 6c5f 646e 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 del_dns. \n-0000b8f0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 (line 6).* ne\n-0000b900: 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 653a 2020 2020 t_del_route: \n+0000b890: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2e20 2020 net_del_addr. \n+0000b8a0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000b8b0: 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 733a 2020 * net_del_dns: \n+0000b8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f64 656c net_del\n+0000b8e0: 5f64 6e73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _dns. \n+0000b8f0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 (line 6).* net_d\n+0000b900: 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 el_route: \n 0000b910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b920: 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 net_del_rou\n-0000b930: 7465 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e te. (lin\n-0000b940: 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a e 6).* net_dhcp:\n+0000b920: 2020 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652e net_del_route.\n+0000b930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000b940: 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 3a20 2020 ).* net_dhcp: \n 0000b950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n-0000b970: 745f 6468 6370 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_dhcp. \n-0000b980: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000b990: 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 net_get_dhcp_opt\n-0000b9a0: 696f 6e3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ion: \n-0000b9b0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 net_get_d\n-0000b9c0: 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2020 286c hcp_option. (l\n-0000b9d0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 ine 6).* net_ipv\n-0000b9e0: 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 3a20 2020 2020 6_autoconf: \n-0000b9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ba00: 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e net_ipv6_autocon\n-0000ba10: 662e 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a f. (line 6).\n-0000ba20: 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 723a 2020 * net_ls_addr: \n+0000b960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f64 net_d\n+0000b970: 6863 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hcp. \n+0000b980: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 (line 6).* net\n+0000b990: 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e _get_dhcp_option\n+0000b9a0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000b9b0: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 net_get_dhcp\n+0000b9c0: 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 _option. (line\n+0000b9d0: 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 6).* net_ipv6_a\n+0000b9e0: 7574 6f63 6f6e 663a 2020 2020 2020 2020 utoconf: \n+0000b9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 net\n+0000ba00: 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 2e20 _ipv6_autoconf. \n+0000ba10: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e (line 6).* n\n+0000ba20: 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 3a20 2020 2020 et_ls_addr: \n 0000ba30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ba40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6c 735f net_ls_\n-0000ba50: 6164 6472 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 addr. \n-0000ba60: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c (line 6).* net_l\n-0000ba70: 735f 6361 7264 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 s_cards: \n-0000ba80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ba90: 2020 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2e20 net_ls_cards. \n-0000baa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000bab0: 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 3a20 ).* net_ls_dns: \n+0000ba40: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 net_ls_add\n+0000ba50: 722e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 r. (li\n+0000ba60: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 ne 6).* net_ls_c\n+0000ba70: 6172 6473 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ards: \n+0000ba80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n+0000ba90: 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732e 2020 2020 et_ls_cards. \n+0000baa0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000bab0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 733a 2020 2020 net_ls_dns: \n 0000bac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f6c net_l\n-0000bae0: 735f 646e 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s_dns. \n-0000baf0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e 6574 (line 6).* net\n-0000bb00: 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 3a20 2020 2020 _ls_routes: \n+0000bad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 net_ls_d\n+0000bae0: 6e73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 ns. (\n+0000baf0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 line 6).* net_ls\n+0000bb00: 5f72 6f75 7465 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 _routes: \n 0000bb10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bb20: 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 net_ls_route\n-0000bb30: 732e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 s. (line\n-0000bb40: 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 6).* net_nslook\n-0000bb50: 7570 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up: \n-0000bb60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 net\n-0000bb70: 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 702e 2020 2020 2020 _nslookup. \n-0000bb80: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206e (line 6).* n\n-0000bb90: 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e3a 2020 2020 et_set_vlan: \n+0000bb20: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 2e20 net_ls_routes. \n+0000bb30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000bb40: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 703a .* net_nslookup:\n+0000bb50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bb60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 6e73 net_ns\n+0000bb70: 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lookup. \n+0000bb80: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e65 745f (line 6).* net_\n+0000bb90: 7365 745f 766c 616e 3a20 2020 2020 2020 set_vlan: \n 0000bba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bbb0: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c net_set_vl\n-0000bbc0: 616e 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 an. (li\n-0000bbd0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e6f 726d 616c 3a20 ne 6).* normal: \n+0000bbb0: 2020 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e2e net_set_vlan.\n+0000bbc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000bbd0: 3629 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 2020 2020 6).* normal: \n 0000bbe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-0000bc00: 6f72 6d61 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ormal. \n-0000bc10: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000bc20: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 3a20 2020 normal_exit: \n+0000bbf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 726d norm\n+0000bc00: 616c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 al. \n+0000bc10: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6e6f (line 6).* no\n+0000bc20: 726d 616c 5f65 7869 743a 2020 2020 2020 rmal_exit: \n 0000bc30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bc40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 normal_e\n-0000bc50: 7869 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 xit. (\n-0000bc60: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7061 7274 746f line 6).* partto\n-0000bc70: 6f6c 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ol: \n-0000bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bc90: 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 parttool. \n-0000bca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000bcb0: 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 643a 2020 2020 .* password: \n+0000bc40: 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 normal_exit\n+0000bc50: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e . (lin\n+0000bc60: 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c3a e 6).* parttool:\n+0000bc70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 pa\n+0000bc90: 7274 746f 6f6c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rttool. \n+0000bca0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000bcb0: 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a20 2020 2020 2020 password: \n 0000bcc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bcd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f passwo\n-0000bce0: 7264 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rd. \n-0000bcf0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7061 7373 (line 6).* pass\n-0000bd00: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 323a 2020 2020 word_pbkdf2: \n+0000bcd0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642e password.\n+0000bce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000bcf0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 ine 6).* passwor\n+0000bd00: 645f 7062 6b64 6632 3a20 2020 2020 2020 d_pbkdf2: \n 0000bd10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bd20: 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 password_pbkd\n-0000bd30: 6632 2e20 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 f2. (line \n-0000bd40: 3629 0a2a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 6).* plainmount:\n+0000bd20: 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322e password_pbkdf2.\n+0000bd30: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000bd40: 2a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2020 * plainmount: \n 0000bd50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bd60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 plai\n-0000bd70: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nmount. \n-0000bd80: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 706c (line 6).* pl\n-0000bd90: 6179 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ay: \n+0000bd60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f plainmo\n+0000bd70: 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 unt. \n+0000bd80: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 6c61 793a (line 6).* play:\n+0000bd90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000bda0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bdb0: 2020 2020 2070 6c61 792e 2020 2020 2020 play. \n-0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000bdd0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 726f 6265 3a20 2020 e 6).* probe: \n+0000bdb0: 2020 706c 6179 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 play. \n+0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000bdd0: 290a 2a20 7072 6f62 653a 2020 2020 2020 ).* probe: \n 0000bde0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 pr\n-0000be00: 6f62 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 obe. \n-0000be10: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000be20: 7264 6d73 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rdmsr: \n+0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f 6265 probe\n+0000be00: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000be10: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 646d (line 6).* rdm\n+0000be20: 7372 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sr: \n 0000be30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be40: 2020 2020 2020 2072 646d 7372 2e20 2020 rdmsr. \n-0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000be60: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 6561 643a 2020 ine 6).* read: \n+0000be40: 2020 2020 7264 6d73 722e 2020 2020 2020 rdmsr. \n+0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000be60: 2036 290a 2a20 7265 6164 3a20 2020 2020 6).* read: \n 0000be70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be90: 7265 6164 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 read. \n-0000bea0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000beb0: 2a20 7265 626f 6f74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * reboot: \n+0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6561 rea\n+0000be90: 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n+0000bea0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 (line 6).* r\n+0000beb0: 6562 6f6f 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eboot: \n 0000bec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6562 6f6f 742e reboot.\n-0000bee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bef0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 (line 6).* regex\n-0000bf00: 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p: \n-0000bf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf20: 2020 7265 6765 7870 2e20 2020 2020 2020 regexp. \n-0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000bf40: 290a 2a20 726d 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 ).* rmmod: \n+0000bed0: 2020 2020 2020 7265 626f 6f74 2e20 2020 reboot. \n+0000bee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000bef0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7265 6765 7870 3a20 ne 6).* regexp: \n+0000bf00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 r\n+0000bf20: 6567 6578 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 egexp. \n+0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000bf40: 2072 6d6d 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rmmod: \n 0000bf50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6d6d 6f64 rmmod\n-0000bf70: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000bf80: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6176 (line 6).* sav\n-0000bf90: 655f 656e 763a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e_env: \n+0000bf60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 726d 6d6f 642e 2020 rmmod. \n+0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000bf80: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7361 7665 5f65 line 6).* save_e\n+0000bf90: 6e76 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nv: \n 0000bfa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bfb0: 2020 2020 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2e20 2020 save_env. \n-0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000bfd0: 2036 290a 2a20 7365 6172 6368 3a20 2020 6).* search: \n+0000bfb0: 2073 6176 655f 656e 762e 2020 2020 2020 save_env. \n+0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000bfd0: 0a2a 2073 6561 7263 683a 2020 2020 2020 .* search: \n 0000bfe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 sea\n-0000c000: 7263 682e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rch. \n-0000c010: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 (line 6).* s\n-0000c020: 656e 646b 6579 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 endkey: \n+0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 search\n+0000c000: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000c010: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7365 6e64 (line 6).* send\n+0000c020: 6b65 793a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 key: \n 0000c030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c040: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6e64 6b65 792e 2020 sendkey. \n-0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000c060: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7365 7269 616c 3a20 ne 6).* serial: \n+0000c040: 2020 2073 656e 646b 6579 2e20 2020 2020 sendkey. \n+0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000c060: 3629 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 6c3a 2020 2020 6).* serial: \n 0000c070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-0000c090: 6572 6961 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 erial. \n-0000c0a0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000c0b0: 2073 6574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 set: \n+0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 seri\n+0000c090: 616c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 al. \n+0000c0a0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7365 (line 6).* se\n+0000c0b0: 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t: \n 0000c0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 742e 2020 2020 set. \n-0000c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n-0000c0f0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 line 6).* sha1su\n-0000c100: 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m: \n-0000c110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c120: 2073 6861 3173 756d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 sha1sum. \n-0000c130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000c140: 0a2a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 3a20 2020 .* sha256sum: \n+0000c0d0: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 set. \n+0000c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000c0f0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 3173 756d 3a20 e 6).* sha1sum: \n+0000c100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7368 sh\n+0000c120: 6131 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 a1sum. \n+0000c130: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000c140: 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 sha256sum: \n 0000c150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7368 6132 3536 sha256\n-0000c170: 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sum. \n-0000c180: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6135 (line 6).* sha5\n-0000c190: 3132 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 12sum: \n+0000c160: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d sha256sum\n+0000c170: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c . (l\n+0000c180: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6861 3531 3273 ine 6).* sha512s\n+0000c190: 756d 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 um: \n 0000c1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c1b0: 2020 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2e20 2020 sha512sum. \n-0000c1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000c1d0: 3629 0a2a 2073 6c65 6570 3a20 2020 2020 6).* sleep: \n+0000c1b0: 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 sha512sum. \n+0000c1c0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000c1d0: 2a20 736c 6565 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * sleep: \n 0000c1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736c 6565 slee\n-0000c200: 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p. \n-0000c210: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 736d (line 6).* sm\n-0000c220: 6269 6f73 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bios: \n+0000c1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6c65 6570 2e20 sleep. \n+0000c200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c210: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6d62 696f (line 6).* smbio\n+0000c220: 733a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s: \n 0000c230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c240: 2020 2020 2073 6d62 696f 732e 2020 2020 smbios. \n-0000c250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000c260: 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6f75 7263 653a 2020 e 6).* source: \n+0000c240: 2020 736d 6269 6f73 2e20 2020 2020 2020 smbios. \n+0000c250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000c260: 290a 2a20 736f 7572 6365 3a20 2020 2020 ).* source: \n 0000c270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 736f so\n-0000c290: 7572 6365 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 urce. \n-0000c2a0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000c2b0: 7375 626d 656e 753a 2020 2020 2020 2020 submenu: \n+0000c280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6f75 7263 sourc\n+0000c290: 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+0000c2a0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 7562 (line 6).* sub\n+0000c2b0: 6d65 6e75 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 menu: \n 0000c2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 submenu. \n-0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000c2f0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ine 6).* termina\n-0000c300: 6c5f 696e 7075 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 l_input: \n-0000c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c320: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2e20 terminal_input. \n-0000c330: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000c340: 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 * terminal_outpu\n-0000c350: 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t: \n-0000c360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 termina\n-0000c370: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 l_output. \n-0000c380: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 (line 6).* termi\n-0000c390: 6e66 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nfo: \n-0000c3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c3b0: 2020 7465 726d 696e 666f 2e20 2020 2020 terminfo. \n-0000c3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000c3d0: 290a 2a20 7465 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ).* test: \n+0000c2d0: 2020 2020 7375 626d 656e 752e 2020 2020 submenu. \n+0000c2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000c2f0: 2036 290a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6).* terminal_i\n+0000c300: 6e70 7574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nput: \n+0000c310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 ter\n+0000c320: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742e 2020 2020 minal_input. \n+0000c330: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 (line 6).* t\n+0000c340: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 3a20 erminal_output: \n+0000c350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c360: 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f terminal_o\n+0000c370: 7574 7075 742e 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 utput. (li\n+0000c380: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 666f ne 6).* terminfo\n+0000c390: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000c3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+0000c3b0: 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 erminfo. \n+0000c3c0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000c3d0: 2074 6573 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 test: \n 0000c3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6573 742e test.\n-0000c400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c410: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2074 7275 (line 6).* tru\n-0000c420: 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e: \n+0000c3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 7374 2e20 2020 test. \n+0000c400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000c410: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7472 7565 3a20 line 6).* true: \n+0000c420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000c430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c440: 2020 2020 7472 7565 2e20 2020 2020 2020 true. \n-0000c450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000c460: 2036 290a 2a20 7472 7573 743a 2020 2020 6).* trust: \n+0000c440: 2074 7275 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true. \n+0000c450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000c460: 0a2a 2074 7275 7374 3a20 2020 2020 2020 .* trust: \n 0000c470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 7275 tru\n-0000c490: 7374 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 st. \n-0000c4a0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2075 (line 6).* u\n-0000c4b0: 6e73 6574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nset: \n+0000c480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7472 7573 742e trust.\n+0000c490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c4a0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 756e 7365 (line 6).* unse\n+0000c4b0: 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t: \n 0000c4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c4d0: 2020 2020 2020 756e 7365 742e 2020 2020 unset. \n-0000c4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000c4f0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 ne 6).* verify_d\n-0000c500: 6574 6163 6865 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 etached: \n-0000c510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2076 v\n-0000c520: 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2e20 erify_detached. \n-0000c530: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000c540: 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 3a20 2020 2020 videoinfo: \n+0000c4d0: 2020 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 2020 2020 2020 unset. \n+0000c4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000c4f0: 3629 0a2a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6).* verify_deta\n+0000c500: 6368 6564 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ched: \n+0000c510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7665 7269 veri\n+0000c520: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642e 2020 2020 fy_detached. \n+0000c530: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7669 (line 6).* vi\n+0000c540: 6465 6f69 6e66 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 deoinfo: \n 0000c550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 videoinf\n-0000c570: 6f2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 o. 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Copyrigh\n-00000090: 7420 c2a9 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 t ...1999,2000,2\n-000000a0: 3030 312c 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 001,2002,2004,20\n-000000b0: 3036 2c32 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 06,2008,2009,201\n-000000c0: 302c 3230 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 0,2011,2012,2013\n-000000d0: 2046 7265 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 Free.Software F\n-000000e0: 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a oundation, Inc..\n-000000f0: 0a20 2020 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e . Permission\n-00000100: 2069 7320 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 is granted to c\n-00000110: 6f70 792c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 opy, distribute \n-00000120: 616e 642f 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 and/or modify th\n-00000130: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 is. document\n-00000140: 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 under the terms\n-00000150: 206f 6620 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 of the GNU Free\n-00000160: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c Documentation L\n-00000170: 6963 656e 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 icense,. 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G\n-000002d0: 656e 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e enerate GRUB con\n-000002e0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 figuration.* gru\n-000002f0: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n-00000300: 323a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 2: (grub)Invokin\n-00000310: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g grub-mkpasswd-\n-00000320: 7062 6b64 6632 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d pbkdf2..* grub-m\n-00000330: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 krelpath: (grub)\n-00000340: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-00000350: 7265 6c70 6174 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d relpath..* grub-\n-00000360: 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 mkrescue: (grub)\n-00000370: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-00000380: 7265 7363 7565 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 rescue. 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: boot.192110.No\n-00001590: 6465 3a20 6361 747f 3139 3234 3137 0a4e de: cat.192417.N\n-000015a0: 6f64 653a 2063 6c65 6172 7f31 3933 3339 ode: clear.19339\n-000015b0: 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 4.Node: cmosclea\n-000015c0: 6e7f 3139 3335 3537 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 n.193557.Node: c\n-000015d0: 6d6f 7364 756d 707f 3139 3338 3436 0a4e mosdump.193846.N\n-000015e0: 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 747f 3139 ode: cmostest.19\n-000015f0: 3431 3236 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 7f31 4126.Node: cmp.1\n-00001600: 3934 3436 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 94469.Node: conf\n-00001610: 6967 6669 6c65 7f31 3935 3232 340a 4e6f igfile.195224.No\n-00001620: 6465 3a20 6370 7569 647f 3139 3536 3338 de: cpuid.195638\n-00001630: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 7263 7f31 3936 3230 .Node: crc.19620\n-00001640: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 6.Node: cryptomo\n-00001650: 756e 747f 3139 3634 3733 0a4e 6f64 653a unt.196473.Node:\n-00001660: 2063 7574 6d65 6d7f 3139 3837 3433 0a4e cutmem.198743.N\n-00001670: 6f64 653a 2064 6174 657f 3139 3936 3131 ode: date.199611\n-00001680: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 .Node: devicetre\n-00001690: 657f 3230 3031 3430 0a4e 6f64 653a 2064 e.200140.Node: d\n-000016a0: 6973 7472 7573 747f 3230 3036 3637 0a4e istrust.200667.N\n-000016b0: 6f64 653a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 707f 3230 ode: drivemap.20\n-000016c0: 3134 3533 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 6368 6f7f 1453.Node: echo.\n-000016d0: 3230 3232 3930 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 6669 202290.Node: efi\n-000016e0: 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 7f32 3033 3236 350a textmode.203265.\n-000016f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6576 616c 7f32 3035 3439 Node: eval.20549\n-00001700: 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6578 706f 7274 7f32 9.Node: export.2\n-00001710: 3035 3737 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c73 05774.Node: fals\n-00001720: 657f 3230 3630 3734 0a4e 6f64 653a 2066 e.206074.Node: f\n-00001730: 7773 6574 7570 7f32 3036 3336 330a 4e6f wsetup.206363.No\n-00001740: 6465 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f7f 3230 3637 de: gdbinfo.2067\n-00001750: 3132 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 6574 7465 7874 12.Node: gettext\n-00001760: 7f32 3037 3235 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6770 .207251.Node: gp\n-00001770: 7473 796e 637f 3230 3736 3937 0a4e 6f64 tsync.207697.Nod\n-00001780: 653a 2068 616c 747f 3230 3836 3339 0a4e e: halt.208639.N\n-00001790: 6f64 653a 2068 6173 6873 756d 7f32 3039 ode: hashsum.209\n-000017a0: 3031 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 6c70 7f32 019.Node: help.2\n-000017b0: 3130 3332 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 7864 10320.Node: hexd\n-000017c0: 756d 707f 3231 3037 3733 0a4e 6f64 653a ump.210773.Node:\n-000017d0: 2069 6e73 6d6f 647f 3231 3133 3930 0a4e insmod.211390.N\n-000017e0: 6f64 653a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 7f32 ode: keystatus.2\n-000017f0: 3131 3539 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 11596.Node: list\n-00001800: 5f65 6e76 7f32 3132 3232 310a 4e6f 6465 _env.212221.Node\n-00001810: 3a20 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 7f32 : list_trusted.2\n-00001820: 3132 3537 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 12576.Node: load\n-00001830: 5f65 6e76 7f32 3133 3135 320a 4e6f 6465 _env.213152.Node\n-00001840: 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 7f32 3134 3833 : loadfont.21483\n-00001850: 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 8.Node: loopback\n-00001860: 7f32 3135 3230 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 .215202.Node: ls\n-00001870: 7f32 3135 3739 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 .215794.Node: ls\n-00001880: 666f 6e74 737f 3231 3633 3231 0a4e 6f64 fonts.216321.Nod\n-00001890: 653a 206c 736d 6f64 7f32 3136 3438 380a e: lsmod.216488.\n-000018a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 7f32 3136 Node: md5sum.216\n-000018b0: 3636 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 663.Node: module\n-000018c0: 7f32 3136 3933 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 .216935.Node: mu\n-000018d0: 6c74 6962 6f6f 747f 3231 3732 3332 0a4e ltiboot.217232.N\n-000018e0: 6f64 653a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b7f ode: nativedisk.\n-000018f0: 3231 3833 3330 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 218330.Node: nor\n-00001900: 6d61 6c7f 3231 3837 3134 0a4e 6f64 653a mal.218714.Node:\n-00001910: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 7f32 3139 normal_exit.219\n-00001920: 3438 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7274 746f 482.Node: partto\n-00001930: 6f6c 7f32 3139 3738 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ol.219789.Node: \n-00001940: 7061 7373 776f 7264 7f32 3231 3331 360a password.221316.\n-00001950: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 Node: password_p\n-00001960: 626b 6466 327f 3232 3135 3833 0a4e 6f64 bkdf2.221583.Nod\n-00001970: 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 747f 3232 e: plainmount.22\n-00001980: 3139 3836 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 696e 1986.Node: plain\n-00001990: 6d6f 756e 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 737f mount-Footnotes.\n-000019a0: 3232 3537 3438 0a52 6566 3a20 706c 6169 225748.Ref: plai\n-000019b0: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d nmount-Footnote-\n-000019c0: 317f 3232 3538 3133 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 1.225813.Node: p\n-000019d0: 6c61 797f 3232 3539 3034 0a4e 6f64 653a lay.225904.Node:\n-000019e0: 2070 726f 6265 7f32 3236 3633 320a 4e6f probe.226632.No\n-000019f0: 6465 3a20 7264 6d73 727f 3232 3731 3033 de: rdmsr.227103\n-00001a00: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6561 647f 3232 3738 .Node: read.2278\n-00001a10: 3735 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6562 6f6f 747f 75.Node: reboot.\n-00001a20: 3232 3833 3138 0a4e 6f64 653a 2072 6567 228318.Node: reg\n-00001a30: 6578 707f 3232 3834 3836 0a4e 6f64 653a exp.228486.Node:\n-00001a40: 2072 6d6d 6f64 7f32 3239 3031 380a 4e6f rmmod.229018.No\n-00001a50: 6465 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 7f32 3239 de: save_env.229\n-00001a60: 3139 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6172 6368 196.Node: search\n-00001a70: 7f32 3330 3231 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 .230213.Node: se\n-00001a80: 6e64 6b65 797f 3233 3138 3237 0a4e 6f64 ndkey.231827.Nod\n-00001a90: 653a 2073 6574 7f32 3338 3334 310a 4e6f e: set.238341.No\n-00001aa0: 6465 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d7f 3233 3837 de: sha1sum.2387\n-00001ab0: 3533 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3235 3673 53.Node: sha256s\n-00001ac0: 756d 7f32 3339 3033 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 um.239031.Node: \n-00001ad0: 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d7f 3233 3933 3233 sha512sum.239323\n-00001ae0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6c65 6570 7f32 3339 .Node: sleep.239\n-00001af0: 3631 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 613.Node: smbios\n-00001b00: 7f32 3430 3132 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736f .240126.Node: so\n-00001b10: 7572 6365 7f32 3433 3139 300a 4e6f 6465 urce.243190.Node\n-00001b20: 3a20 7465 7374 7f32 3433 3733 360a 4e6f : test.243736.No\n-00001b30: 6465 3a20 7472 7565 7f32 3436 3631 300a de: true.246610.\n-00001b40: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7573 747f 3234 3638 Node: trust.2468\n-00001b50: 3839 0a4e 6f64 653a 2075 6e73 6574 7f32 89.Node: unset.2\n-00001b60: 3437 3639 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7665 7269 47692.Node: veri\n-00001b70: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 647f 3234 3738 fy_detached.2478\n-00001b80: 3931 0a4e 6f64 653a 2076 6964 656f 696e 91.Node: videoin\n-00001b90: 666f 7f32 3438 3933 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 fo.248935.Node: \n-00001ba0: 7772 6d73 727f 3234 3931 3938 0a4e 6f64 wrmsr.249198.Nod\n-00001bb0: 653a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f e: Networking co\n-00001bc0: 6d6d 616e 6473 7f32 3439 3937 340a 4e6f mmands.249974.No\n-00001bd0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 de: net_add_addr\n-00001be0: 7f32 3531 3034 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .251047.Node: ne\n-00001bf0: 745f 6164 645f 646e 737f 3235 3135 3731 t_add_dns.251571\n-00001c00: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 .Node: net_add_r\n-00001c10: 6f75 7465 7f32 3531 3834 370a 4e6f 6465 oute.251847.Node\n-00001c20: 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 707f 3235 3233 : net_bootp.2523\n-00001c30: 3735 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 75.Node: net_del\n-00001c40: 5f61 6464 727f 3235 3237 3430 0a4e 6f64 _addr.252740.Nod\n-00001c50: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 7f32 e: net_del_dns.2\n-00001c60: 3532 3938 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 52980.Node: net_\n-00001c70: 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 657f 3235 3332 3237 del_route.253227\n-00001c80: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 707f .Node: net_dhcp.\n-00001c90: 3235 3334 3631 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 253461.Node: net\n-00001ca0: 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e _get_dhcp_option\n-00001cb0: 7f32 3535 3533 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .255536.Node: ne\n-00001cc0: 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 667f t_ipv6_autoconf.\n-00001cd0: 3235 3630 3337 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 256037.Node: net\n-00001ce0: 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 7f32 3536 3436 320a _ls_addr.256462.\n-00001cf0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 Node: net_ls_car\n-00001d00: 6473 7f32 3536 3731 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ds.256710.Node: \n-00001d10: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 7f32 3536 3934 net_ls_dns.25694\n-00001d20: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6.Node: net_ls_r\n-00001d30: 6f75 7465 737f 3235 3731 3737 0a4e 6f64 outes.257177.Nod\n-00001d40: 653a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 707f e: net_nslookup.\n-00001d50: 3235 3733 3834 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 257384.Node: net\n-00001d60: 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e7f 3235 3736 3839 _set_vlan.257689\n-00001d70: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e .Node: Undocumen\n-00001d80: 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 7f32 3538 ted commands.258\n-00001d90: 3135 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7465 726e 152.Node: Intern\n-00001da0: 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 7f32 ationalisation.2\n-00001db0: 3633 3836 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 6375 63864.Node: Secu\n-00001dc0: 7269 7479 7f32 3730 3730 350a 4e6f 6465 rity.270705.Node\n-00001dd0: 3a20 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e : Authentication\n-00001de0: 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 and authorisati\n-00001df0: 6f6e 7f32 3731 3238 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 on.271281.Node: \n-00001e00: 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 Using digital si\n-00001e10: 676e 6174 7572 6573 7f32 3734 3437 370a gnatures.274477.\n-00001e20: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 Node: UEFI secur\n-00001e30: 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d7f e boot and shim.\n-00001e40: 3237 3738 3433 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 277843.Node: Sec\n-00001e50: 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 ure Boot Advance\n-00001e60: 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 677f 3237 3930 d Targeting.2790\n-00001e70: 3232 0a4e 6f64 653a 204d 6561 7375 7265 22.Node: Measure\n-00001e80: 6420 426f 6f74 7f32 3830 3036 310a 4e6f d Boot.280061.No\n-00001e90: 6465 3a20 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 7f32 3832 de: Lockdown.282\n-00001ea0: 3036 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 666f 063.Node: Platfo\n-00001eb0: 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 7f32 rm limitations.2\n-00001ec0: 3832 3536 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 82564.Node: Plat\n-00001ed0: 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 form-specific op\n-00001ee0: 6572 6174 696f 6e73 7f32 3930 3537 330a erations.290573.\n-00001ef0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 Node: Supported \n-00001f00: 6b65 726e 656c 737f 3239 3136 3634 0a4e kernels.291664.N\n-00001f10: 6f64 653a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f ode: Troubleshoo\n-00001f20: 7469 6e67 7f32 3939 3330 310a 4e6f 6465 ting.299301.Node\n-00001f30: 3a20 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 : GRUB only offe\n-00001f40: 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c rs a rescue shel\n-00001f50: 6c7f 3239 3935 3730 0a4e 6f64 653a 2046 l.299570.Node: F\n-00001f60: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 irmware stalls i\n-00001f70: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e nstead of bootin\n-00001f80: 6720 4752 5542 7f33 3033 3830 300a 4e6f g GRUB.303800.No\n-00001f90: 6465 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 de: User-space u\n-00001fa0: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 7f33 3034 3433 310a tilities.304431.\n-00001fb0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n-00001fc0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c7f 3330 3531 rub-install.3051\n-00001fd0: 3632 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 62.Node: Invokin\n-00001fe0: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 677f g grub-mkconfig.\n-00001ff0: 3330 3733 3835 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 307385.Node: Inv\n-00002000: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 oking grub-mkpas\n-00002010: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 7f33 3038 3036 swd-pbkdf2.30806\n-00002020: 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 7.Node: Invoking\n-00002030: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 687f grub-mkrelpath.\n-00002040: 3330 3837 3739 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 308779.Node: Inv\n-00002050: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 oking grub-mkres\n-00002060: 6375 657f 3330 3936 3031 0a4e 6f64 653a 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9496.Node: gfxte\n+00000eb0: 726d 5f66 6f6e 747f 3135 3036 3836 0a4e rm_font.150686.N\n+00000ec0: 6f64 653a 2067 7275 625f 6370 757f 3135 ode: grub_cpu.15\n+00000ed0: 3039 3934 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 7275 625f 0994.Node: grub_\n+00000ee0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7f31 3531 3239 340a platform.151294.\n+00000ef0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 727f 3135 Node: icondir.15\n+00000f00: 3135 3938 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 616e 677f 1598.Node: lang.\n+00000f10: 3135 3139 3139 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f63 151919.Node: loc\n+00000f20: 616c 655f 6469 727f 3135 3234 3034 0a4e ale_dir.152404.N\n+00000f30: 6f64 653a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e7f 3135 ode: lockdown.15\n+00000f40: 3239 3039 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 755f 2909.Node: menu_\n+00000f50: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 747f color_highlight.\n+00000f60: 3135 3331 3535 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 656e 153155.Node: men\n+00000f70: 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 7f31 u_color_normal.1\n+00000f80: 3533 3635 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 53657.Node: net_\n+00000f90: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f 6f74 _boot\n+00000fa0: 5f66 696c 657f 3135 3431 3636 0a4e 6f64 _file.154166.Nod\n+00000fb0: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__clientid.1544\n+00000fd0: 3031 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 01.Node: net__clientu\n+00000ff0: 7569 647f 3135 3436 3433 0a4e 6f64 653a uid.154643.Node:\n+00001000: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00001010: 5f64 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d _dhcp_server_nam\n+00001020: 657f 3135 3438 3936 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e e.154896.Node: n\n+00001030: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n+00001040: 6f6d 6169 6e7f 3135 3531 3539 0a4e 6f64 omain.155159.Nod\n+00001050: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__extensionspat\n+00001070: 687f 3135 3534 3036 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e h.155406.Node: n\n+00001080: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f68 et__h\n+00001090: 6f73 746e 616d 657f 3135 3536 3631 0a4e ostname.155661.N\n+000010a0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__ip.155900.N\n+000010c0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__mac.156116.\n+000010e0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__next_serve\n+00001100: 727f 3135 3633 3337 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e r.156337.Node: n\n+00001110: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 et__r\n+00001120: 6f6f 7470 6174 687f 3135 3635 3830 0a4e ootpath.156580.N\n+00001130: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ode: net_default\n+00001140: 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 7f31 3536 3831 _interface.15681\n+00001150: 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 9.Node: net_defa\n+00001160: 756c 745f 6970 7f31 3537 3033 390a 4e6f ult_ip.157039.No\n+00001170: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f de: net_default_\n+00001180: 6d61 637f 3135 3732 3336 0a4e 6f64 653a mac.157236.Node:\n+00001190: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 net_default_ser\n+000011a0: 7665 727f 3135 3734 3332 0a4e 6f64 653a ver.157432.Node:\n+000011b0: 2070 6167 6572 7f31 3537 3632 350a 4e6f pager.157625.No\n+000011c0: 6465 3a20 7072 6566 6978 7f31 3537 3838 de: prefix.15788\n+000011d0: 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f 626c 6b73 5.Node: pxe_blks\n+000011e0: 697a 657f 3135 3833 3432 0a4e 6f64 653a ize.158342.Node:\n+000011f0: 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 pxe_default_gat\n+00001200: 6577 6179 7f31 3538 3531 390a 4e6f 6465 eway.158519.Node\n+00001210: 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 : pxe_default_se\n+00001220: 7276 6572 7f31 3538 3732 340a 4e6f 6465 rver.158724.Node\n+00001230: 3a20 726f 6f74 7f31 3538 3932 300a 4e6f : root.158920.No\n+00001240: 6465 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b7f 3135 de: shim_lock.15\n+00001250: 3934 3830 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 7570 6572 9480.Node: super\n+00001260: 7573 6572 737f 3135 3937 3531 0a4e 6f64 users.159751.Nod\n+00001270: 653a 2074 6865 6d65 7f31 3630 3030 340a e: theme.160004.\n+00001280: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 747f 3136 Node: timeout.16\n+00001290: 3033 3239 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 0329.Node: timeo\n+000012a0: 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 7f31 3630 3939 300a ut_style.160990.\n+000012b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 Node: tpm_fail_f\n+000012c0: 6174 616c 7f31 3631 3431 340a 4e6f 6465 atal.161414.Node\n+000012d0: 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c : Environment bl\n+000012e0: 6f63 6b7f 3136 3230 3939 0a4e 6f64 653a ock.162099.Node:\n+000012f0: 204d 6f64 756c 6573 7f31 3633 3535 350a Modules.163555.\n+00001300: 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 697f 3136 3338 3430 Node: bli.163840\n+00001310: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f .Node: Commands.\n+00001320: 3136 3438 3139 0a4e 6f64 653a 204d 656e 164819.Node: Men\n+00001330: 752d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 u-specific comma\n+00001340: 6e64 737f 3136 3537 3038 0a4e 6f64 653a nds.165708.Node:\n+00001350: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 7f31 3636 3432 menuentry.16642\n+00001360: 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 626d 656e 757f 7.Node: submenu.\n+00001370: 3136 3830 3136 0a4e 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 168016.Node: Loa\n+00001380: 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 7f31 3638 der commands.168\n+00001390: 3534 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 549.Node: chainl\n+000013a0: 6f61 6465 727f 3137 3130 3435 0a4e 6f64 oader.171045.Nod\n+000013b0: 653a 2069 6e69 7472 647f 3137 3137 3338 e: initrd.171738\n+000013c0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 367f .Node: initrd16.\n+000013d0: 3137 3339 3334 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 696e 173934.Node: lin\n+000013e0: 7578 7f31 3734 3534 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ux.174540.Node: \n+000013f0: 6c69 6e75 7831 367f 3137 3534 3437 0a4e linux16.175447.N\n+00001400: 6f64 653a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 ode: xen_hypervi\n+00001410: 736f 727f 3137 3631 3532 0a4e 6f64 653a sor.176152.Node:\n+00001420: 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 657f 3137 3635 xen_module.1765\n+00001430: 3936 0a4e 6f64 653a 2047 656e 6572 616c 96.Node: General\n+00001440: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3137 3730 3937 commands.177097\n+00001450: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6572 6961 6c7f 3137 .Node: serial.17\n+00001460: 3735 3437 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 7547.Node: termi\n+00001470: 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 747f 3137 3936 3739 nal_input.179679\n+00001480: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f .Node: terminal_\n+00001490: 6f75 7470 7574 7f31 3830 3334 390a 4e6f output.180349.No\n+000014a0: 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 7f31 3831 de: terminfo.181\n+000014b0: 3032 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 020.Node: Comman\n+000014c0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f d-line commands.\n+000014d0: 3138 3233 3037 0a4e 6f64 653a 205b 7f31 182307.Node: [.1\n+000014e0: 3837 3434 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6163 7069 87444.Node: acpi\n+000014f0: 7f31 3837 3631 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6175 .187615.Node: au\n+00001500: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 7f31 3838 3838 thenticate.18888\n+00001510: 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 7.Node: backgrou\n+00001520: 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 7f31 3839 3330 370a nd_color.189307.\n+00001530: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 Node: background\n+00001540: 5f69 6d61 6765 7f31 3839 3936 390a 4e6f _image.189969.No\n+00001550: 6465 3a20 6261 6472 616d 7f31 3930 3531 de: badram.19051\n+00001560: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 0.Node: blocklis\n+00001570: 747f 3139 3138 3835 0a4e 6f64 653a 2062 t.191885.Node: b\n+00001580: 6f6f 747f 3139 3231 3034 0a4e 6f64 653a oot.192104.Node:\n+00001590: 2063 6174 7f31 3932 3431 310a 4e6f 6465 cat.192411.Node\n+000015a0: 3a20 636c 6561 727f 3139 3333 3838 0a4e : clear.193388.N\n+000015b0: 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 7f31 ode: cmosclean.1\n+000015c0: 3933 3535 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 93551.Node: cmos\n+000015d0: 6475 6d70 7f31 3933 3834 300a 4e6f 6465 dump.193840.Node\n+000015e0: 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 7f31 3934 3132 : cmostest.19412\n+000015f0: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 707f 3139 3434 0.Node: cmp.1944\n+00001600: 3633 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 63.Node: configf\n+00001610: 696c 657f 3139 3532 3138 0a4e 6f64 653a ile.195218.Node:\n+00001620: 2063 7075 6964 7f31 3935 3633 320a 4e6f cpuid.195632.No\n+00001630: 6465 3a20 6372 637f 3139 3632 3030 0a4e de: crc.196200.N\n+00001640: 6f64 653a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 ode: cryptomount\n+00001650: 7f31 3936 3436 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6375 .196467.Node: cu\n+00001660: 746d 656d 7f31 3938 3733 370a 4e6f 6465 tmem.198737.Node\n+00001670: 3a20 6461 7465 7f31 3939 3630 350a 4e6f : date.199605.No\n+00001680: 6465 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 7f32 de: devicetree.2\n+00001690: 3030 3133 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6469 7374 00134.Node: dist\n+000016a0: 7275 7374 7f32 3030 3636 310a 4e6f 6465 rust.200661.Node\n+000016b0: 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 7f32 3031 3434 : drivemap.20144\n+000016c0: 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6563 686f 7f32 3032 7.Node: echo.202\n+000016d0: 3238 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6566 6974 6578 284.Node: efitex\n+000016e0: 746d 6f64 657f 3230 3332 3539 0a4e 6f64 tmode.203259.Nod\n+000016f0: 653a 2065 7661 6c7f 3230 3534 3933 0a4e e: eval.205493.N\n+00001700: 6f64 653a 2065 7870 6f72 747f 3230 3537 ode: export.2057\n+00001710: 3638 0a4e 6f64 653a 2066 616c 7365 7f32 68.Node: false.2\n+00001720: 3036 3036 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6677 7365 06068.Node: fwse\n+00001730: 7475 707f 3230 3633 3537 0a4e 6f64 653a tup.206357.Node:\n+00001740: 2067 6462 696e 666f 7f32 3036 3730 360a gdbinfo.206706.\n+00001750: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6765 7474 6578 747f 3230 Node: gettext.20\n+00001760: 3732 3435 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 7074 7379 7245.Node: gptsy\n+00001770: 6e63 7f32 3037 3639 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 nc.207691.Node: \n+00001780: 6861 6c74 7f32 3038 3633 330a 4e6f 6465 halt.208633.Node\n+00001790: 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d7f 3230 3930 3133 : hashsum.209013\n+000017a0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2068 656c 707f 3231 3033 .Node: help.2103\n+000017b0: 3134 0a4e 6f64 653a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 14.Node: hexdump\n+000017c0: 7f32 3130 3736 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e .210767.Node: in\n+000017d0: 736d 6f64 7f32 3131 3338 340a 4e6f 6465 smod.211384.Node\n+000017e0: 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 737f 3231 3135 : keystatus.2115\n+000017f0: 3930 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f 656e 90.Node: list_en\n+00001800: 767f 3231 3232 3135 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c v.212215.Node: l\n+00001810: 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 647f 3231 3235 ist_trusted.2125\n+00001820: 3730 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 70.Node: load_en\n+00001830: 767f 3231 3331 3436 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c v.213146.Node: l\n+00001840: 6f61 6466 6f6e 747f 3231 3438 3332 0a4e oadfont.214832.N\n+00001850: 6f64 653a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b7f 3231 ode: loopback.21\n+00001860: 3531 3936 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 737f 3231 5196.Node: ls.21\n+00001870: 3537 3838 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 7366 6f6e 5788.Node: lsfon\n+00001880: 7473 7f32 3136 3331 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ts.216315.Node: \n+00001890: 6c73 6d6f 647f 3231 3634 3832 0a4e 6f64 lsmod.216482.Nod\n+000018a0: 653a 206d 6435 7375 6d7f 3231 3636 3537 e: md5sum.216657\n+000018b0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 6f64 756c 657f 3231 .Node: module.21\n+000018c0: 3639 3239 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 756c 7469 6929.Node: multi\n+000018d0: 626f 6f74 7f32 3137 3232 360a 4e6f 6465 boot.217226.Node\n+000018e0: 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 7f32 3138 : nativedisk.218\n+000018f0: 3332 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 324.Node: normal\n+00001900: 7f32 3138 3730 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f .218708.Node: no\n+00001910: 726d 616c 5f65 7869 747f 3231 3934 3736 rmal_exit.219476\n+00001920: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c7f .Node: parttool.\n+00001930: 3231 3937 3833 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 219783.Node: pas\n+00001940: 7377 6f72 647f 3232 3133 3130 0a4e 6f64 sword.221310.Nod\n+00001950: 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 e: password_pbkd\n+00001960: 6632 7f32 3231 3537 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 f2.221577.Node: \n+00001970: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 7f32 3231 3938 plainmount.22198\n+00001980: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 0.Node: plainmou\n+00001990: 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 7f32 3235 nt-Footnotes.225\n+000019a0: 3734 320a 5265 663a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 742.Ref: plainmo\n+000019b0: 756e 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 7f32 unt-Footnote-1.2\n+000019c0: 3235 3830 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6179 25807.Node: play\n+000019d0: 7f32 3235 3839 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 .225898.Node: pr\n+000019e0: 6f62 657f 3232 3636 3236 0a4e 6f64 653a obe.226626.Node:\n+000019f0: 2072 646d 7372 7f32 3237 3039 370a 4e6f rdmsr.227097.No\n+00001a00: 6465 3a20 7265 6164 7f32 3237 3836 390a de: read.227869.\n+00001a10: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 7f32 3238 Node: reboot.228\n+00001a20: 3331 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6765 7870 312.Node: regexp\n+00001a30: 7f32 3238 3438 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 726d .228480.Node: rm\n+00001a40: 6d6f 647f 3232 3930 3132 0a4e 6f64 653a mod.229012.Node:\n+00001a50: 2073 6176 655f 656e 767f 3232 3931 3930 save_env.229190\n+00001a60: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6561 7263 687f 3233 .Node: search.23\n+00001a70: 3032 3037 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 656e 646b 0207.Node: sendk\n+00001a80: 6579 7f32 3331 3832 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ey.231821.Node: \n+00001a90: 7365 747f 3233 3833 3335 0a4e 6f64 653a set.238335.Node:\n+00001aa0: 2073 6861 3173 756d 7f32 3338 3734 370a sha1sum.238747.\n+00001ab0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d7f Node: sha256sum.\n+00001ac0: 3233 3930 3235 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6861 239025.Node: sha\n+00001ad0: 3531 3273 756d 7f32 3339 3331 370a 4e6f 512sum.239317.No\n+00001ae0: 6465 3a20 736c 6565 707f 3233 3936 3037 de: sleep.239607\n+00001af0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6d62 696f 737f 3234 .Node: smbios.24\n+00001b00: 3031 3230 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6f75 7263 0120.Node: sourc\n+00001b10: 657f 3234 3331 3834 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 e.243184.Node: t\n+00001b20: 6573 747f 3234 3337 3330 0a4e 6f64 653a est.243730.Node:\n+00001b30: 2074 7275 657f 3234 3636 3034 0a4e 6f64 true.246604.Nod\n+00001b40: 653a 2074 7275 7374 7f32 3436 3838 330a e: trust.246883.\n+00001b50: 4e6f 6465 3a20 756e 7365 747f 3234 3736 Node: unset.2476\n+00001b60: 3836 0a4e 6f64 653a 2076 6572 6966 795f 86.Node: verify_\n+00001b70: 6465 7461 6368 6564 7f32 3437 3838 350a detached.247885.\n+00001b80: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f7f Node: videoinfo.\n+00001b90: 3234 3839 3239 0a4e 6f64 653a 2077 726d 248929.Node: wrm\n+00001ba0: 7372 7f32 3439 3139 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 sr.249192.Node: \n+00001bb0: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 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6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e7f 3235 t_dhcp_option.25\n+00001cb0: 3535 3330 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f69 5530.Node: net_i\n+00001cc0: 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 7f32 3536 pv6_autoconf.256\n+00001cd0: 3033 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 031.Node: net_ls\n+00001ce0: 5f61 6464 727f 3235 3634 3536 0a4e 6f64 _addr.256456.Nod\n+00001cf0: 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 737f e: net_ls_cards.\n+00001d00: 3235 3637 3034 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 256704.Node: net\n+00001d10: 5f6c 735f 646e 737f 3235 3639 3430 0a4e _ls_dns.256940.N\n+00001d20: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 ode: net_ls_rout\n+00001d30: 6573 7f32 3537 3137 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 es.257171.Node: \n+00001d40: 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 7f32 3537 net_nslookup.257\n+00001d50: 3337 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 378.Node: net_se\n+00001d60: 745f 766c 616e 7f32 3537 3638 330a 4e6f t_vlan.257683.No\n+00001d70: 6465 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 de: Undocumented\n+00001d80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3235 3831 3436 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6465 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 Node: Measured B\n+00001e80: 6f6f 747f 3238 3030 3535 0a4e 6f64 653a oot.280055.Node:\n+00001e90: 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e7f 3238 3230 3537 Lockdown.282057\n+00001ea0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 .Node: Platform \n+00001eb0: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 737f 3238 3235 limitations.2825\n+00001ec0: 3538 0a4e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 58.Node: Platfor\n+00001ed0: 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 m-specific opera\n+00001ee0: 7469 6f6e 737f 3239 3035 3637 0a4e 6f64 tions.290567.Nod\n+00001ef0: 653a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206b 6572 e: Supported ker\n+00001f00: 6e65 6c73 7f32 3931 3635 380a 4e6f 6465 nels.291658.Node\n+00001f10: 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e : Troubleshootin\n+00001f20: 677f 3239 3932 3935 0a4e 6f64 653a 2047 g.299295.Node: G\n+00001f30: 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 RUB only offers \n+00001f40: 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 7f32 a rescue shell.2\n+00001f50: 3939 3536 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4669 726d 99564.Node: Firm\n+00001f60: 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 ware stalls inst\n+00001f70: 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 ead of booting G\n+00001f80: 5255 427f 3330 3337 3931 0a4e 6f64 653a RUB.303791.Node:\n+00001f90: 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c User-space util\n+00001fa0: 6974 6965 737f 3330 3434 3232 0a4e 6f64 ities.304422.Nod\n+00001fb0: 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 e: Invoking grub\n+00001fc0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 7f33 3035 3135 330a -install.305153.\n+00001fd0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n+00001fe0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 7f33 3037 rub-mkconfig.307\n+00001ff0: 3337 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 376.Node: Invoki\n+00002000: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ng grub-mkpasswd\n+00002010: 2d70 626b 6466 327f 3330 3830 3538 0a4e -pbkdf2.308058.N\n+00002020: 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ode: Invoking gr\n+00002030: 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 7f33 3038 ub-mkrelpath.308\n+00002040: 3737 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 770.Node: Invoki\n+00002050: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 ng grub-mkrescue\n+00002060: 7f33 3039 3539 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .309592.Node: In\n+00002070: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e voking grub-moun\n+00002080: 747f 3331 3134 3530 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 t.311450.Node: I\n+00002090: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f nvoking grub-pro\n+000020a0: 6265 7f33 3134 3630 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 be.314604.Node: \n+000020b0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 Invoking grub-sc\n+000020c0: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 7f33 3137 3336 ript-check.31736\n+000020d0: 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 7.Node: Obtainin\n+000020e0: 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 g and Building G\n+000020f0: 5255 427f 3331 3831 3234 0a4e 6f64 653a RUB.318124.Node:\n+00002100: 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 737f Reporting bugs.\n+00002110: 3331 3933 3639 0a4e 6f64 653a 2046 7574 319369.Node: Fut\n+00002120: 7572 657f 3332 3231 3933 0a4e 6f64 653a 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